THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND 
 MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID 
 
HOW TO LIVE LONG; 
 
 OR, 
 
 HEALTH MAXIMS, PHYSICAL, MENTAL, 
 AND MORAL. 
 
 BY 
 
 W. W. HALL, A. M., M. D. 
 
 AUTHOR OF " HEALTH BY GOOD LIVING," " BRONCHITIS AND KINDRED 
 
 DISEASES," " HEALTH AT HOME," " HALLOS JOURNAL OF 
 
 HEALTH," ETC., ETC. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 PUBLISHED BY KURD AND HOUGHTON. 
 
 1875- 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by 
 
 W. W. HALL, 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE: 
 
 STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY 
 
 H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. 
 

 Lib 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 To live long, is to live well, by eating and 
 drinking abundantly of " all the good things of 
 this life " in their season, in their freshness, in 
 their perfection ; not only of the fruits of the 
 orchard, the vegetables of the garden, and the 
 grains of the field, but of the birds of the air, the 
 fish of the sea, and " the cattle upon a thousand 
 hills ; " by gathering about us the comforts, con- 
 veniences, and luxuries of life ; by cultivating the 
 higher tastes of our nature ; by cherishing the 
 affections and by the promotion of all that inno- 
 cently enlivens, exhilarates, delights, and enrap- 
 tures. 
 
 How to do these things in such a way as to pre- 
 serve and promote the highest health and thus 
 double their value, is the object of this book. The 
 aim is to make the lessons short, concise, specific, 
 and to the point, in the fewest possible words, to 
 compel the reading of them and so impress them 
 on the mind by fact and warning and incident and 
 example and anecdote, that they cannot be forgot- 
 ten in a life-time. 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 It is intended also in the same way to commu- 
 nicate some generally accepted principles in their 
 application to the preservation of health, and the 
 cure of disease without medicine, in short phrase, 
 few words, and disconnected sentences ; to be 
 taken up and laid down at a moment's notice, on 
 steamship, tramway, packet, or rail-car, at such 
 odds and ends of time as fall to the lot of travellers 
 and others, which else might not be appropriated 
 so usefully, because in this age of restlessness and 
 hurry the care of the health, like the search for 
 religion, is considered one of the things which can 
 be dispensed with, until a more convenient season 
 in the future. It is hoped that some who would 
 not spend the time to hear a lecture or read a 
 book may be enticed to peruse a paragraph now 
 and then in reference to the care of the body, 
 which, in being put into practice, may have an 
 important bearing in the prolongation of life ; 
 thus teaching the reader 
 
 " How To LIVE LONG." 
 
HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 HEALTH IS A DUTY. 
 
 1. One of the happiest and most independent 
 of all human occupations is that of an intelligent 
 farmer, whose land is paid for, and who keeps out 
 of debt. 
 
 2. The fascination of salaried positions is but 
 too often the fascination of a serpent which be- 
 guiles but to destroy. 
 
 3. Be your own master and master of your call- 
 ing, and you will soon become the master of others. 
 
 4. Next to religion, there is no element so es- 
 sential to success in life, as vigorous, robust health. 
 
 5. A sound mind in a sound body is a fitting 
 foundation for all that is high and noble in human 
 achievement. 
 
 6. The safest and best remedies in the world are 
 warmth, rest, and abstinence, the brutes empoly 
 these. 
 
 7. Physical, mental, and moral health are inter- 
 dependents, hence what improves or promotes one, 
 improves and promotes the others. 
 
6 HO W TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 8. Almost all feel gratified at every pound's 
 increase in weight, as if people like pigs were 
 measured by fat. 
 
 9. To live well is a glory, to die well is a bliss. 
 
 10. A wise care of the health in youth is the 
 best assurance of a long life, as an early atten- 
 tion to religion is the foundation of an immortal 
 existence. 
 
 11. That man lives the longest who does the 
 most good. 
 
 12. He brings the most happiness to himself 
 who does most to promote the happiness of others. 
 
 13. In one's last sickness, there is no solid en- 
 joyment except in the consolations of the Chris- 
 tian religion. 
 
 14. The most healthful form of exercise is that 
 which involves exhilarating out-door activities. 
 
 15. The youth becomes a man, the very day 
 he begins to feel uneasy at the idea of being de- 
 pendent on another. 
 
 1 6. That old man ! what disappointments he 
 has encountered in his long journey, what bright 
 hopes blasted, what sorrows felt, what agonies en- 
 dured, how many loved ones he has covered up in 
 the grave. And that old woman too ! husband 
 dead, children all buried or far away, life's flowers 
 faded, the friends of her youth no more, and she 
 waiting to go soon. Ought we ever miss an op- 
 portunity of showing attention to the aged, of 
 proffering a kindness, or lighting up a smile, by a 
 courteous act or a friendly deed ? 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 7 
 
 1 7. Delicious sleep comes of tenest to the young 
 and the day laborer. 
 
 1 8. A cheerful disposition is the sunshine of 
 the soul. 
 
 19. The mental states have a more controlling 
 influence over the bodily condition than most per- 
 sons imagine. 
 
 20. There is no better way, no safer way, no 
 easier way, no surer way of saving children from 
 the debasing influences of the street, from cor- 
 rupting associations, and from the acquisition of 
 vicious and hurtful practices, than to make home 
 attractive. 
 
 21. The education of the young should properly 
 commence with the grandmother, for it takes 
 about two generations to eliminate the plebeian 
 from the character and constitution. 
 
 22. Cold is the greatest enemy of old age. 
 
 23. Ventilation is perfect in proportion as the 
 air of an apartment is kept equal in purity to that 
 of the external atmosphere. This is best done in 
 private dwellings by having an open fire-place. 
 
 24. Nature is very much like a shiftless child, 
 who, the more he is helped the more he looks for 
 it. The more medicine a man takes the more he 
 will have to take, whether it be anodyne, tonic, or 
 alterative. 
 
 25. The thinnest veil or silk handkerchief 
 thrown over the face while riding or walking 
 against a cold wind is a remarkably comfortable 
 protection. 
 
8 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 26. When alcohol was first introduced into the 
 world in its concentrated form, about the year one 
 thousand, it was called " Aqua Vitae," the water of 
 life, the great catholicon for human maladies, but 
 it soon became the " Aqua Mortis," the water of 
 death, the source of mortal woes incalculable, 
 hence the curious lines : 
 
 " Is ' Aqua ' alcohol ? 
 Yes, aquafortis ; 
 ' Aqua vitae ' once, 
 Now ' Aqua Mortis.' " 
 
 27. Many men with a Bible, a Concordance, a 
 Hymn Book, and vigorous health, become more 
 efficient ministers of the gospel than others who, 
 with the advantage of splendid libraries, and the 
 disadvantage of being sickly, have been but cum- 
 berers of the ground. 
 
 28. To sleep well, a man must work hard. 
 
 29. If thrown into the water and the strength 
 is failing, turn on the back with only the nose and 
 toes out of the water, hands downward and clasped. 
 This should be practiced while learning to swim, 
 as a means of resting from great fatigue in swim- 
 ming. 
 
 30. We shrink with horror at the thought that 
 we, our wives or our children, may possibly die in 
 a mad-house, and yet it can be made impossible 
 by a reasonable attention to the laws of life and 
 health and by an active, stirring life. 
 
 31. Exercise to the extent of great fatigue, does 
 more harm than good. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. $ 
 
 32. Never sit or stand with the wind blowing 
 on you for a single moment, for it speedily pro- 
 duces a chill, to be followed with a fever and then 
 a bad cold. 
 
 33. A hearty meal, taken while excessively 
 fatigued, has often destroyed life. 
 
 34. Health and good nature are generally asso- 
 ciated. 
 
 35. On a freezing winter morning, to enter a 
 warm breakfast room, with a blazing fire and a 
 snow-white table covering, with cheery faces all 
 around giving hearty welcome, is one of the many 
 domestic felicities of a happy marriage. 
 
 36. The " sands of life " are yielded by the food 
 we eat and the water we drink ; they constitute 
 the foundation of the nails and hair and the scales 
 of the skin, for we are all a scaly people, differing 
 from the fish only that ours are smaller, and of 
 variable quantities morally. 
 
 37. Water is by much the largest constituent 
 of our frames, used to render the other more solid 
 portions plastic ; but all decay and die, having 
 been but the caaket of the soul, destined for im- 
 mortality and eternal life. 
 
 38. Cleanliness, in all the surroundings of a 
 family mansion, pays richly in many ways, in good 
 health, moral elevation, personal comfort, and dol- 
 lars and cents besides. 
 
 39. The comforts and conveniences of life save 
 trouble, save labor, economize time, and add to our 
 happiness generally. 
 
IO HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 40. A sour look, an impatient gesture, a cross 
 word at the breakfast table is enough to make the 
 best food indigestible and spoil a day. 
 
 41. Chilliness of body dampens the spirits, sours 
 the temper, and renders the whole man unlovely. 
 
 42. The ashes of the cremated Lady Dilke 
 weighed just six pounds ; so that, after all, our 
 bodies are made up of a few pailfuls of water and 
 a little dust. 
 
 43. Life is warmth, growth, repair, and power 
 to labor, and all these are derived from the food 
 we eat and the fluids we drink, and these should 
 be good. 
 
 44. At every period of life, at all seasons of the 
 year, and from the tropics to the poles, in every 
 clime and country, the temperature of the human 
 body in health is the same to a degree, that is, 
 ninety-eight of Fahrenheit ; hence we should eat 
 in winter mainly of warming food, such as meats, 
 fats, oils, sugar, and all the grains, farinas, and 
 starches ; in summer, the fruits and berries, and 
 melons and vegetables of the field, the garden and 
 the orchard, which cool and open, and ventilate 
 the system. 
 
 45. The metals are dissolved by the rains and 
 feed the plants, they in turn feed the animals, and 
 they in turn sustain man, in order to fit him for 
 the duties of time and the rewards of an immor- 
 tal existence. 
 
 46. A generous nature never hurts the feelings 
 intentionally. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. II 
 
 47. Little do the young and vigorous know how 
 the old appreciate those delicate attentions which 
 they so often need in the journey of life, and 
 which it costs so little to bestow, how it cheers 
 their hearts and lifts them up with a delighting 
 thankfulness ! 
 
 48. A good laugh is anti-dyspeptic. 
 
 49. As argument in the presence of third per- 
 sons quickly degenerates into the ignoble ambition 
 of victory, rather than conviction or instruction, 
 and is unprofitable, so is reproof, except when the 
 two are alone ; else the admonition is received 
 with impatience, indignation, or revenge. 
 
 50. To remind of a favor is not kind ; to speak 
 of it offensively, more than cancels the obligation. 
 
 51. To leave the best for others is generous, to 
 select the best for one's self is the meanest of all 
 traits. 
 
 52. The "gentleman" is magnanimous, the 
 "lady" is serene. 
 
 53. The portion of the body which most re- 
 quires protection against cold and wind, is that 
 between the shoulder-blades behind, as it is at this 
 point the lungs are attached to the body, and the 
 blood is easily chilled. 
 
 54. To spend two or three moments, on rising 
 and retiring, in rapid friction of the whole sur- 
 face of the body with the hand, is a more rational 
 treatment of the skin, and a more health promot- 
 ing operation, for most persons, than a daily cold 
 water bath. 
 
12 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 55. The wisest men are those who aim to live 
 in such a way as to grow old without aches or 
 pains. 
 
 56. No rational mind can fail to see that it is a 
 wisdom and a duty to guard against the causes, 
 and watch vigilantly against the indications of 
 such diseases as dyspepsia, which often so influ- 
 ences the mind as to subvert the whole character, 
 making a wreck of happiness, heart, and life to- 
 gether. 
 
 57: The worst cold may be promptly cured if, 
 within twenty-four hours after it has been taken, 
 the patient will keep warm in bed, and eat little or 
 nothing for a day or two. 
 
 58. More than one fourth of all the inmates of 
 insane asylums are from the families of farmers 
 and merchants ; from the former, because the 
 wives are overworked, and the husbands lack 
 mental culture and variety of occupation, having 
 little to stimulate to mental activities, and a scant 
 knowledge of the laws of health. From the latter 
 in consequence of the reverses of mercantile life. 
 Merchants' families, all over the United States, 
 are among the higher classes, and when they be- 
 come bankrupt, the mind fails in the attempt to 
 grapple with the difficulties and mortifications of 
 their changed condition, and being without the 
 means to start again in business, and without a 
 trade to compel a support, they soon fall into 
 despondency and discouragement, and the mind 
 topples over. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 13 
 
 59. A good cleansing of the entire body with 
 soap and warm water once a week, is all the bath- 
 ing the human system requires for purposes of 
 health, in ordinary circumstances. 
 
 60. Never sit with the back to a window or 
 door, even if closed, for the air coming in at crack 
 and crevice will certainly give a cold. 
 
 61. It is not healthy in any country, at any sea- 
 son of the year, or at any time of life, to get up 
 early, habitually : the old are better rested by lying 
 late, even if not asleep, while the young require all 
 the sleep they can get. In all latitudes, in warm 
 weather, the morning air, although feeling cool 
 and fresh, is laden with the pestiferous miasma. 
 In winter the atmosphere, before breakfast, is so 
 cold and chilly and searching, that it fairly shrivels 
 up man and beast, chilling to the very marrow- 
 bone sometimes ; hence the average duration of 
 human life would be increased, and the amount of 
 sickness largely diminished, by late, rather than 
 early rising, as all the older nations full well know 
 and practice. 
 
 62. In going out into a colder air, keep the 
 mouth resolutely closed, and walk briskly for a 
 few moments, thus preventing chilliness, which is 
 always the percursor of a cold. 
 
 63. As between husband and wife, that is the 
 nobler spirit which, in difference of opinion, most 
 readily and immediately yields the privilege of the 
 last word to the other party. 
 
14 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 64. All " bitters " offered for sale contain alco- 
 hol. Many take them in the place of brandy, 
 whiskey, rum, and other forms of spirits, persuad- 
 ing themselves that they are reforming as to their 
 beverages. Some bitters have more alcohol in 
 them than whiskey or brandy. The State Assayer 
 of New York recently published a statement of 
 the analysis of various bitters ; that Vinegar Bit- 
 ters contains as much alcohol as many kinds of 
 wine and about double the amount contained in 
 various brands of ale. Taking bitters of the mild- 
 est kind is the first step towards habitual drunk- 
 enness. 
 
 65. More women than men recover at insane 
 asylums, first, because they have rest ; second, in- 
 door life is not so wearing to them, being more 
 accustomed to it. 
 
 66. In a closed sleeping apartment the atmos- 
 phere becomes more contaminated every minute, 
 because carbonic acid gas, a deadly poison, is gen- 
 erated in the lungs and is expired at each breath, 
 and combining with the moisture it is heavier than 
 the common air and settles near the floor ; hence, 
 the last thing a man should sell is his bedstead 
 but in reality it is considered by the ignorant and 
 unfortunate poor as the most dispensable thing in 
 the house, hence sickness is soon added to their 
 poverty, a most unhappy combination. 
 
 67. Nine-tenths of the inmates of insane asylums 
 who recover, are those who were sent within a year 
 after the first manifestation of their infirmity. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. I 5 
 
 68. Divorce, neglect of marriage, and the pre- 
 vention of offspring, are crimes against society, 
 against humanity and against the great Creator of 
 us all, and the only efficient method of preventing 
 these increasing and mischievous practices, is in 
 becoming more imbued with the principles incul- 
 cated in the Scriptures of the Old and New Tes- 
 taments, to be begun even before the child has 
 learned his A B C, by reading to them the historical 
 portions of the Bible in short lessons and in short 
 explanations, all the while aiming to impress upon 
 the mind and the heart the habit of receiving with 
 implicit confidence, faith, and affection, every state- 
 ment of the Holy Book, as an assertion of the Cre- 
 ator himself, without the most remote thought of 
 calling in question the truth of one single fact or 
 word. Then will none want to go any further than 
 to read His command, " multiply and replenish ; " 
 that there is no other sufficient cause for divorce 
 than adultery ; and that whoever seeks to baffle 
 the Omnipotent, to circumvent Him in the opera- 
 tion of such physiological laws as He has created, 
 will be found, in the end, to be ruining both body 
 and soul for time and for eternity. 
 
 69. The best anodyne in all nature, is moderate, 
 steady, and continuous exercise in the open air. 
 
 70. There are not a few maladies of mind and 
 body which would rapidly disappear on embarking 
 in a successful pecuniary enterprise, or on being 
 promoted to a position of ease, distinction, and 
 power. 
 
1 6 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 71. Loyola, whose fame became world-wide, and 
 who wielded an influence and a power scarcely in- 
 ferior to any prince or potentate of his time, re- 
 quired that all his emissaries should be men who 
 were in the prime of life, of good presence, agree- 
 able manners, and. last but not least, vigorous 
 health, as essential to the highest success and to 
 grand achievements. 
 
 72. Lean people putlive the fat. 
 
 73. It is a mistake in public speakers to begin 
 in a loud tone, because it cannot be sustained, a 
 spiteful cough will interpose ; by beginning in a 
 low tone and gradually warming up, the physical 
 fatigue is largely diminished, while the voice grows 
 clearer, louder, and stronger. 
 
 74. Beast and bird and insect and man have 
 their antipathies : equal parts of tincture of harts- 
 horn and nux vomica applied to harness with a 
 brush repels flies, or to cracks and crevices in the 
 house, it drives away many of the bugs, insects, 
 and vermin which infest our dwellings ; facts like 
 these seem to show an intention on the part of the 
 Beneficent One to invite and to compel men for 
 their own pleasure and in self-defense to investi- 
 gate, to invent, and devise, and thus bring about 
 those industries of mind and body which are sure 
 to promote the health of both ; doubtless there are 
 multitudes of undiscovered remedies for human 
 ills, pests, and annoyances which will be unfolded 
 in the future, to add to the convenience, comfort, 
 and well-being of the race. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. IJ 
 
 75. There is not an insect, animal, or worm with- 
 out its use, hence nothing that has life should be 
 unnecessarily destroyed, for to be humane is to be 
 allied to the divine. 
 
 76. He is not the happiest or the most success- 
 ful man who has accumulated the most money, 
 but he who has done the most good with it for 
 others. 
 
 77. Men are often met with, plain in person, 
 plain in feature, plain in dress, without anything 
 whatever about them calculated to impress the 
 mind, and you are surprised with the information 
 that they are rich, and made every dollar of their 
 money. On inquiry it will be found that all their 
 efforts were concentrated on one pursuit, about 
 which they knew everything, and outside of which 
 they knew nothing ; and you feel almost angry that 
 a man of such little information should have been 
 so successful in making so much money, while 
 you, with your superior cultivation and greater 
 intelligence have made, and saved up none ; but 
 you forget that the man has paid more for his 
 money than it is worth, it has cost him all the 
 pleasure of human intelligence ; as proof, would 
 you take his sordid mind and his gold and give 
 him therefor all you have ever learned ? 
 
 78. Ideas are contagious as well as diseases, 
 and spread with amazing rapidity sometimes : ten 
 years ago not more than fifty thousand people in- 
 sured their lives, now there are hundreds of thou- 
 sands. 
 
1 8 nOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 79. The amount of strength expended by a 
 man in lifting a pound one foot high, is called a 
 foot-pound, and is the unit of work in the United 
 States and Great Britain. A foot-ton is raising 
 2,000 pounds a foot high. A man weighing 150 
 pounds, in walking twenty miles in one day, uses 
 about 350 foot-tons of power or strength, and this 
 is considered a good day's work for a laborer ; the 
 average of work done, is 33^ foot-tons a day. A 
 very strong man in a copper rolling mill, one day 
 lifted a weight of 90 pounds, eighteen inches 
 high, 12,000 times, which was equal to about 700 
 foot-tons ; but few men could do this, even for 
 several days in' succession. In the future, foot- 
 pounds and foot-tons will be the expression of 
 power used in any work, and will be convenient 
 of remembrance. 
 
 80. Persons are not very sick who want to be 
 read to. 
 
 8 1. In a visit to the sick do not stare at them, 
 do not whisper, do not impose upon them the 
 necessity of keeping up the conversation, but the 
 instant it ceases take your leave. The very ef- 
 fort on their part to think of something to say is 
 an expenditure of strength they cannot afford. 
 Do not read to the sick when you can tell it to 
 them, and whether reading or talking let every 
 word and syllable be slow, measured, and distinct, 
 so that the patient may listen, and comprehend, 
 with the least expenditure possible ; for his strength 
 is his life. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 19 
 
 82. Holding the hand of the very sick and the 
 dying is a comfort unspeakable to them, and if 
 you are holding it and the spirit is passing away, 
 do not release the grasp until the poor heart is at 
 rest, for it gives the feeling of company, of sym- 
 pathy, of help. 
 
 83. All know that tobacco and ardent spirits 
 act on the brain and nervous system, and that 
 delirium tremens, sleeplessness, tremulous hands, 
 and nervous headaches, are the result of their 
 habitual use, and notably apoplexy, because these 
 stimulants not only send more blood to the brain, 
 but with greater force, so that the delicate veins 
 must hold more blood and must bear an additional 
 strain, but while this is the case they are becom- 
 ing weaker every day, because the middle coat of 
 these vessels is changed into a fatty substance 
 from having been made of strong elastic fibres, 
 from the effect of the increased action and full- 
 ness just named ; they lose their elasticity and 
 strength as certainly as the bow which is kept on 
 a strain all the time ; they lose their power of 
 spring and resistance and then give way, that is 
 apoplexy ; that is the reason why so many who 
 habitually use stimulants drop down dead without 
 a moment's warning, charitably called disease of 
 the heart. 
 
 84. The first step toward an unsuccessful life 
 is to accept a salaried office, for you sell your in- 
 dependence to the appointing power, and cease to 
 be a man. 
 
20 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 85. The measure of a man's success in life is 
 in securing the greatest good to the greatest 
 number. 
 
 86. A single grapevine will yield a thousand 
 pounds of luscious fruit in a season ; if a single 
 vine were planted in the rear of every family 
 dwelling, the amount of comfort and health to 
 every household from this source would richly 
 repay the trouble of cultivation in a very few 
 years. 
 
 87. There is probably no greater difference 
 between any other two substances, in several of 
 their qualities than between the oil of peppermint 
 and the thorn-apple, Jamestown or stink weed, 
 and yet, in one respect, they unite in the good 
 quality of giving instantaneous relief to super- 
 ficial burns and scalds ; the former by applying it 
 over the surface, the latter as an ointment, made 
 by moistening the freshly dried leaves with water 
 and stewing them with lard over a slow fire, and 
 so useful in all cuts and sores and burns and 
 ulcers, that every family should have some of it 
 continually on hand, 
 
 88. The rich remain rich because they continue 
 to practice the economy which laid the founda- 
 tion of their fortune. 
 
 89. The poor die in their poverty because they 
 are improvident, wasteful, and careless. 
 
 90. If you can't get good wages, work for your 
 board, rather than do nothing and go in debt ; or 
 live on the earnings or charity of another. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 21 
 
 91. He who does his work promptly, courte- 
 ously, and well, will in the long run have as much 
 as he can do. 
 
 92. He who has nothing to do is the very one 
 who never has time to do anything. 
 
 93. A very large proportion of all the crying 
 and pain and suffering of infants would be infalli- 
 bly prevented if fed at not less than two hours' 
 interval for the first two weeks, three hours up to 
 three months, for four hours up to one year, and 
 five hours thereafter, with nothing whatever be- 
 tween meals but drink, from daylight to bed-time ; 
 feed thrice during the night the first month, twice 
 the second, once thereafter until weaning, and 
 then discontinue night-feeding altogether, that is, 
 from bed-time till sunrise. Any intelligent mother 
 who practices this method judiciously for one 
 month will be grateful for the remainder of her 
 life for the information of this single paragraph. 
 
 94. *Do what you can to lift up the fallen, and 
 they will revere your memory till their dying day. 
 
 95. A single grape-vine now forty years old, near 
 Santa Barbara, California, yields ten thousand 
 pounds of grapes every year, the bunches weigh- 
 ing over two pounds each. For dyspeptics and 
 the constipated, as well as a large class of other 
 invalids, about a pound of grapes eaten nearly 
 an hour before each meal has an admirably health- 
 ful effect, especially in conjunction with exposure 
 to the out-door sunshine for the hour including 
 their eating. 
 
22 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 96. The medical profession owe it to their own 
 independence and the safety of their patients in 
 writing their prescriptions, to write every word 
 and every syllable in full, to express every figure 
 by spelling it in full, and to give some idea as to 
 what effect the remedy is expected to have, for if 
 the patient does not know the effect, he might die 
 while waiting for it ; this has been the author's 
 method for thirty years. 
 
 97. Very many persons die after being cured of 
 the disease from which they were suffering, for the 
 mere want of strength to rise ; hence in all cases 
 of sickness the least possible draught should be 
 made on the patient's strength ; in an asthmatic 
 spasm, for example, the patient feels as if he would 
 die in the effort to utter a single monosyllable ; it 
 is tiresome even to keep the eyes open, hence 
 many will lay with theirs closed for hours ; the at- 
 tention to a question is a weariness. 
 
 98. He who does his work the best has the 
 elements of greatness even if he be but a shoe- 
 black. 
 
 99. The wisest charity is to help a man to help 
 himself. To put a man in the way of supporting 
 himself gives him a new lease of life, makes him 
 feel young again, for it is very many times all the 
 sick man needs to restore him to perfect health. 
 
 100. A friendly recognition by word or smile is 
 a heart-comfort to the sad and weary laborer for 
 daily bread ; then let those smiles and words be 
 lavishly bestowed and you will not go unrewarded. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2$ 
 
 101. All honest labor is manly, and merits the 
 respect of the good. 
 
 1 02. The man who has a single idea and pursues 
 it with a passion will nearly always meet with tri- 
 umphant success. 
 
 103. In the earlier centuries of the Christian 
 era the average duration of life among the upper 
 classes of Romans was thirty years, it is now fifty 
 in the same classes in civilized lands. 
 
 104. As many persons reach threescore and 
 ten now as lived forty-three years, three centuries 
 ago. There is reason to believe that the average 
 age of man before the flood was the same as to- 
 day. The wars of the first Napoleon made it nec- 
 essary to reduce the height of soldiers to five feet 
 three inches. To-day it would not be difficult to 
 raise an army of five feet and a half, showing that 
 the tendency to stature is always the same, and 
 why not to age also.. 
 
 105. The height of a man is equal to the meas- 
 ure of his extended arms, from tip to tip of finger. 
 
 106. In all civilized countries, there is a con- 
 stant tendency to crowd into the town from the 
 country, because any two hands can earn more 
 money in summer time ; but wages fall off in win- 
 ter, the surplus of money is soon expended, and 
 want and idleness combined, lead to doubtful 
 ways at first, and then every step thereafter is 
 downwards, and the end utter ruin. Far batter is 
 it that the country should keep away from the 
 town. 
 
24 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 107. The best way to insure politeness abroad, 
 is to practice it habitually at home, then it be- 
 comes instinctive and requires no effort. 
 
 1 08. " I shall sleep long and well here," said 
 a noted bandit of California, as he felt the lin- 
 ing of his coffin, the moment before his execu- 
 tion ; " but," continued he, " standing at the por- 
 tals of the unknown world, and looking back on 
 the life of this, as I have seen it, I urge upon you 
 to make it your greatest care to so train, influ- 
 ence, and instruct the young, to whom you have 
 given life, that they may keep aloof from the de- 
 grading companionship of the immoral and the 
 vicious." Wise advice this, from one of the most 
 murderous outlaws who ever disgraced his kind, 
 and had made himself a terror for many years, 
 wherever his name was known. 
 
 109. A little miss in Western Pennsylvania, just 
 entering her " teens," ate twelve saucers full of 
 ice cream and died in two hours ; this shows that 
 a person may have too much of a good thing, and 
 that it would be rather better not to eat twelve 
 saucers full of ice cream at a single sitting. 
 
 no. Early in the last century, ten thousand 
 governmental annuitants died under the age of 
 twenty-eight years. A hundred years later only 
 six thousand died under that age ; life lengthens. 
 
 in. One of the most fearful of diseases is 
 caused by eating frozen food habitually, while a 
 single meal has sometimes proved fatal in a few 
 hours. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2$ 
 
 112. There should be something warm taken at 
 each regular meal by invalids and by the most 
 vigorous in cold weather. 
 
 113. Anatomists tell us that in examining the 
 chests of persons dying after forty-five, there are 
 ocular proofs, in a great majority of cases, that 
 the lungs had at one time begun to decay, but 
 had spontaneously healed. Multitudes have had 
 many very bad colds in the course of a life-time, 
 and yet have not died of consumption. 
 
 114. A man took refuge during a shower under 
 a solitary tree in an open field ; the lightning 
 came down through his body and his boot, killing 
 him and spoiling the boot entirely ; hence people 
 who do not want their boots bursted during sum- 
 mer showers, thus compelling them to get their 
 feet wet in going home, would do well to avoid 
 standing under a solitary tree in an old field in a 
 thunder-storm. 
 
 115. Violent and fitful exercise does not promote 
 health. 
 
 1 1 6. That man lives the longest who wisely 
 divides the occupations of life between brain and 
 muscle. 
 
 117. More money has been given in the last 
 fifty years by private individuals for the ameliora- 
 tion of the condition of human kind and for ele- 
 vating the race by the founding of hospitals, asy- 
 lums, reformatories, homes, and literary institu- 
 tions, than in any half dozen preceding centuries 
 in the world's history. 
 
26 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1 1 8. One individual, Peter Cooper, seems to 
 have inaugurated a new era in human benevo- 
 lences, in expending, during his life-time, a million 
 of dollars in founding an institution in New York 
 City for human development by free libraries, free 
 reading-rooms, free schools, free lectures and teach- 
 ing in the arts and sciences ; heretofore, men 
 thought that they were performing their whole 
 duty if they gave away their money for the pub- 
 lic good when they could no longer keep it ; now 
 there have followed his noble example a long list 
 of noted names, as Peabody, Lenox, Vanderbilt, 
 Drew, Lick, Cornell, and a multitude of others 
 less widely known, their free and unsolicited con- 
 tributions amounting in all to many millions of 
 dollars ; who then shall say that the age is not 
 advancing steadily towards a higher and a higher 
 plane. 
 
 119. We should go to sleep on the right side, 
 then the food descends through the outlet of the 
 stomach by gravity ; otherwise, stomach power is 
 wasted in drawing it up as from the bottom of a 
 well ; after the first sleep, let the body take care of 
 its own position. 
 
 1 20. Moist and warm air is better for the lungs 
 than that which is hot and dry, or raw and damp. 
 No injury results from going out into the colder 
 night air from a warm room if we move about 
 with sufficient activity to keep off a feeling of 
 chilliness, the more easily done if a third more 
 clothing is put on. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2f 
 
 121. In mature life we eat to repair waste and 
 to keep warm ; the waste is in proportion to the 
 exercise taken, and the warmth required is accord- 
 ing to the temperature of the weather ; they are 
 wise who regulate their eating accordingly. 
 
 122. The necessities of the time demand 
 that Christian families should make wise and 
 persistent efforts to render home more attractive 
 to their children, both sons and daughters ; and 
 that churches in cities should inaugurate means 
 to bring the members, old and young, sick and 
 poor, closer together, to get them better ac- 
 quainted with each other, in the way of entertain- 
 ments, lectures, scientific exhibitions, diverting 
 amusements and parties for the encouragement 
 and promotion of a taste for art, for painting, for 
 sculpture, and more than all, for vocal and instru- 
 mental music, which more than anything else 
 belongs to the divine, because its inevitable ef- 
 fect on all natures is to elevate, to purify, to en- 
 noble. 
 
 123. Human life and human character have not 
 deteriorated, but have notably improved in all their 
 more valuable forms and conditions, especially in 
 the last hundred years. 
 
 124. Many persons come to their death in Rome, 
 Florence, and other places, by visiting picture gal- 
 leries in which fires have never been kindled, and 
 the sepulchral dampness soon strikes a chill to 
 the heart unless extra covering is thrown over the 
 shoulders on entering. 
 
28 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 125. At all times, seasons, and places, it is better 
 to cultivate the habit of keeping the mouth shut 
 and breathing through the nose exclusively ; this 
 tempers the air in its passage through the head to 
 the lungs, develops the chest, and keeps bugs, 
 flies, and worms, from crawling down the throat 
 into the stomach during sleep. 
 
 126. Very often half the pleasure of reading a 
 letter from a friend is lost in the difficulty of de- 
 ciphering it. 
 
 127. Out-door air is purer than in-door in all 
 climes, countries, and seasons, unless in low, level, 
 damp localities. 
 
 128. Many persons are injured by going out 
 into the night air, not because it is especially un- 
 healthy, but because, being cooler, we become 
 chilled in consequence of not having on additional 
 clothing, or from not moving about actively enough 
 to keep comfortably warm. 
 
 129. A great deal has been said about the ef- 
 feminacy of the rich ; about their daughters being 
 brought up in idleness, and their total unfitness for 
 domestic life on account of their frail constitutions ; 
 and yet, as showing the advantages in the direction 
 of prolonging life, of having all the comforts and 
 conveniences of the wealthier classes, the strong 
 fact presents itself, that while the wealthier classes 
 in Berlin, for example, average fifty years, the poor 
 pass away at the age of thirty-two, because of the 
 daily struggle for bread, and their discomforts for 
 want of suitable clothing, and fuel, and food. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2$ 
 
 130. Cultivate an even temper ; many a man 
 has dropped dead in a fit of passion. 
 
 131. We talk about the health-giving influences 
 of the wash tub, and the sanitary value of wives 
 and daughters having to cook and brew, and bake 
 and sew, and scrub every day, as the sure means 
 of having healthy, vigorous children ; but carefully 
 ascertained results show that of one thousand in- 
 fants of the rich and as many of the indigent, fifty- 
 seven of the former died before five years ; of the 
 latter three hundred and forty-five. 
 
 132. A gentleman after active exercise laid down 
 on an ice-chest, fell asleep, waked up in a chill, and 
 after two years of suffering died of consumption, 
 showing that it is not healthful to sleep on ice- 
 chests. 
 
 133. There is only one safe way of retiring from 
 an active money-making business ; that is, by em- 
 barking just as vigorously in some form of doing 
 good, so as to keep the mind quite as busy as be- 
 fore, for if one " puts down the brakes " upon the 
 brain, he buries the body prematurely. 
 
 134. A class-mate worked hard and well in pro- 
 fessional life for a quarter of a century in one place. 
 He then thought he was entitled to rest and gave 
 up his position. Two years later he wrote, " both 
 body and mind are worn out and life is a burden." 
 He was counseled to go to work again, and five 
 years later a letter comes saying, " My avoirdupois 
 is greater than ever before, and I feel competent 
 for any work that may be put upon me." 
 
30 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 135. "The least thing in the world gives me a 
 cold," is the complaint of multitudes ; it is always a 
 sign of feeble health and a feeble circulation ; the 
 most speedy and efficient remedy is to spend more 
 time in the open air, and by active exercise or 
 steady labor bring about a more vigorous circula- 
 tion of the blood. 
 
 136. Brown bread should not be eaten habitu- 
 ally, if a person is healthy, because no one can be 
 better than well ; but if its use is deferred until 
 there is a confined condition of the system, it will 
 be found an admirable remedy ; but if the system 
 had become accustomed to its use in health there 
 would be nothing to fall back upon in disease, and 
 then medicine would have to be resorted to, instead 
 of food, an unnatural, instead of a natural remedy. 
 
 137. Never go down into a well without first 
 ascertaining whether a candle or taper will burn 
 in it ; if it will not, throw in cold water, this ab- 
 sorbs the poisonous gases ; so if a person faints 
 in a well, pour down the cold water ; never mind 
 wetting his clothes. 
 
 138. Acidity always arises either from having 
 eaten too much food, or of a quality which the 
 stomach could not dissolve ; the remedy is, eat less 
 and less at each meal until there is no acidity, 
 then you know for yourself how much your stom- 
 ach can manage ; to eat the same amount and as 
 regularly take something to correct the acidity, is 
 certain to cause dyspepsia or some other more se- 
 rious form of disease. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 3 1 
 
 139. Wiry little men who habitually walk with 
 a quick step usually live to a good old age, and do 
 not look as old as they really are by a dozen years 
 or more. 
 
 140. Not any wiser than the fabled bird which 
 hides its head in the sand in case of danger, as if 
 to shut out the sight of it was to be safe, are the 
 many who walk the streets with an impression that 
 a soiled coat collar, a frayed wristband, or an un- 
 blacked boot-heel, or ragged-edged pantaloons, are 
 not noticed, altogether forgetting that those walk- 
 ing behind have the opportunity of a deliberate 
 survey, without being observed, and form an opinion 
 of your character accordingly. We may cry out 
 against dress until we are hoarse with our croak- 
 ing, but it is the measure of the man for all that. 
 
 141. Not the Caesars of the ages, any more than 
 their Attilas, not the Bonapartes, nor the Swedish 
 Charles, nor the German Frederics, are the world's 
 worthies, their paths to glory and renown were 
 laid through seas of blood and rapine, fire and 
 sword, but rather they who seek to alleviate the 
 woes of man and beast ; the Peabodys, the Girards, 
 the Coopers, the Berghs, the Cornells, the Drews, 
 of a modern civilization ; men whose lives were 
 begun in making and saving money, to end in dis- 
 posing of it in helping the poor by affording them 
 the facilities for learning how to help themselves 
 and how to rise to a higher plane of life, above 
 destitution, and thriftlessness, and waste, and dis- 
 ease, and crime. 
 
32 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 142. Cool off in a place greatly warmer than the 
 one in which you have been exercising ; this simple 
 rule, if intelligently -observed, would prevent an in- 
 calculable amount of sickness, and save many a life 
 every year. 
 
 143. Never allow yourself to be " chilled through 
 and through," as it uniformly causes inflammation 
 of the lungs, called pneumonia, usually proving 
 fatal within a week. 
 
 144. As to the recognition of friends in the land 
 of the blessed, we know that memory never dies, 
 and that it goes back to the world we have left, 
 as did that of the rich man and Abraham, for it 
 is not reasonable to suppose that we shall know 
 less hereafter than here. 
 
 145. Edmund Burke relates that he had to go 
 to a certain place every day for a long time, and 
 that it was disagreeable to do so ; yet, when he 
 had to give it up he felt the loss of it, and did 
 not feel quieted until he was in his usual track ; 
 on the same principle, when a person does any- 
 thing habitually for the health, for a long time, an 
 omission causes an uncomfortable feeling ; but 
 that does not prove that the habit or practice 
 was beneficial, whether it be a cold-water bath 
 or a drink of grog every morning; on the same 
 principle, if one cultivate habits of regularity, 
 temperance, cleanliness, and exercise he will soon 
 come to the point that they can be kept up with- 
 out an effort ; it will be actually easier to continue 
 than to neglect them. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 33 
 
 146. A practical knowledge of the laws of our 
 being, leads to large results in the direction of 
 human enjoyment, happiness, and health. 
 
 147. Begin early to live under the benign in- 
 fluences of the Christian religion, for " it has the 
 promise of the life that now is, and of that which 
 is to come." 
 
 148. To know how to keep a tidy house and 
 well-aired apartments ; to know how to select the 
 best kinds of food ; to know how prepare them in 
 the best manner, these are first things, and 
 every daughter should learn them before marriage. 
 
 149. The " well-to-do " average nearly a score 
 of years longer than the poor, because they can 
 command the conveniences and comforts of life, 
 tidiness of surroundings, and the best ways of 
 doing things ; while they thus economize time, 
 labor and care, they have regular habits of eat- 
 ing, their full share of sleep, the best food, cooked 
 in the best manner, abundant rest ; exemption 
 from exposure to extremes of heat and cold, and 
 inclement weather ; warm in winter, and in sum- 
 mer live in roomy and well ventilated apart- 
 ments their intelligence teaching them how to 
 arrange that these things shall be brought about. 
 
 150. No one should go to sleep at night with- 
 out having an extra blanket within easy reach to 
 be used in case of a sudden change of weather ; 
 or, if waking up and finding the room on fire, it 
 is thrown over the head, the flames can be passed 
 through safely. 
 
34 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 151. The suspicions we entertain about the ac- 
 tions of others are but too often founded on the 
 knowledge of what we have done or would do our- 
 selves. 
 
 152. Cross people, the ill-natured, those who 
 are always growling or complaining of something 
 or of somebody ; inveterate fault-finders, upon 
 whose faces a genial smile never plays ; whose 
 hearts are strangers to the humanizing influ- 
 ences of warming sympathies ; who have no for- 
 bearance, make no allowances, and have neither 
 love nor consideration ; not such, indeed, natur- 
 ally, but have been moulded into these wretched 
 "forms," by the slow influences of insidious 
 disease, brought on by self-indulgence and unre- 
 straint in eating and drinking ; not deliberately 
 always, but generally, perhaps, unconsciously, or 
 in ignorance, which it is the design of this book 
 to remove. How much they are to be pitied ! 
 
 153. Dyspepsia can be uniformly cured and 
 always avoided by the following rules : 
 
 1. Eat thrice a day. 
 
 2. Not an atom between meals. 
 
 2. Nothing after a noon-day dinner, but some 
 cold bread and butter and one cup of hot drink. 
 
 4. Spend at least half an hour at each meal. 
 
 5. Cut up all the food into pea-sized pieces. 
 
 6. Never eat so much as to cause the slightest 
 uncomfortable sensation afterwards. 
 
 7. Never work or study hard within half an 
 hour of eating. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 35 
 
 154. In any wealthy family of ten members in 
 New York City, there is enough food wasted 
 daily to feed three grown persons ; wasted in 
 preparation, wasted in the distribution of the 
 fragments, and wasted in the mode of eating 
 them ; for example, the only method of saving 
 all the nutriment of a piece of beef is to beat it 
 into a pulp, pour on it boiling water, shake 
 briskly, season and eat ; it makes the most nutri- 
 tious beef-tea in the world, for all the uses to 
 which it can be applied. 
 
 155. The great necessity of all brain workers 
 is rest in sleep, to which at least one third of a 
 man's existence should be devoted, after he passes 
 fifty ; nothing but this inflexible rule enabled a 
 previous and the present prime minister of Eng- 
 land to endure to so great an age the prolonged 
 high pressure of a statesman's life ; and there 
 would be large gains of usefulness to the world, 
 if all professional men would early heed the sug- 
 gestion. 
 
 156. Walk with the toes outward, the chin up- 
 ward, and the head backward ; this gives a manly 
 and fearless appearance, and greatly adds to the 
 development of the lungs, thus promoting health 
 and long life. 
 
 157. However unnaturally slow, or fast, or irreg- 
 ular your pulse may be in comparison with others, 
 do not worry, take nothing, do nothing except by 
 the advice of a competent physician, for it may be 
 a natural peculiarity. 
 
36 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 158. An habitually erect position while sitting 
 down, has an important bearing on the health ; 
 hence, accustom yourself to sit with the . lower 
 end of the spine pressed against the back of the 
 chair. 
 
 159. Although the average length of human 
 life is over forty years in the more civilized na- 
 tions, taking the world together it is about thirty- 
 three and one third years ; this is called a gener- 
 ation, an age, three in a century. 
 
 1 60. A confined condition of the system attends 
 almost every human sickness ; in the remainder 
 there is looseness ; the dejections are thin, watery, 
 weakening. A diet of sweet milk will confine ; 
 sweet cider will loosen. But all constitutions are 
 not alike, and different articles of food affect 
 different persons variously. Hence, every man 
 should find out by accurate and close observation 
 what confines him and what loosens ; then, by 
 adapting his food and drink to the symptoms, he 
 will be sure to cure himself of any ordinary dis- 
 ease, and thus avoid taking medicine altogether. 
 
 1 6 1. The notable and noble Queen of England 
 has raised to maturity nearly a dozen children un- 
 der the guidance and instructions of eminent med- 
 ical men ; and that such a result should be the ex- 
 ception instead of the uniform rule is owing to the 
 culpable ignorance and inexcusable inattention of 
 parents. 
 
 162. Work by the day and not by the job, if 
 you want to be healthy. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 37 
 
 163. Men of force and industry everywhere 
 will tell you that it is the hardest thing in the 
 world to do nothing. 
 
 164. Society would be greatly blessed if all 
 were to sedulously cultivate the habit of making 
 no statement which was not literally true, with a 
 " liberal margin." 
 
 165. It is very common, especially in the coun- 
 try, to have certain things on hand " in case of 
 sickness," such as cider, cordials, bitters, brandies, 
 " Bourbon," and the like. In three cases out of 
 four, recoveries will take place if nothing whatever 
 is done except to lie down and stay there until 
 well. If any of the things just named are taken, 
 they neither hinder recovery nor promote it ; na- 
 ture restores in the same way as if nothing had 
 been done ; but the article taken gets the credit 
 of the cure ; and the reasoning is, if it cured one 
 man it will cure another ; hence, it is gratuitously 
 advised to every person having that ailment ; and 
 then again, if it removes one symptom it may re- 
 move another ; thus the field of its applicability 
 is constantly enlarging, and before even careful, 
 and thoughtful, and sensible persons are aware of 
 it, they find themselves and their families resort- 
 ing to the bitters, or brandy, or whiskey bottle, for 
 every trifling thing, even a little tiredness, or de- 
 bility, or indigestion. Thus drunkards are some- 
 times made of half a dozen members of a single 
 family by having cordials on hand to take " in 
 case of sickness." 
 
38 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1 66. Beverages are tempters to the first steps 
 towards drunkenness. 
 
 167. He who takes one drop of liquor may die 
 in the gutter ; he who has the high moral courage 
 to refuse that first drop never can. 
 
 1 68. "I have come to know whether you think 
 I am deranged or not," said a young lady before 
 taking a seat one day in my office, with a direct- 
 ness, frankness, and unembarrassment most sur- 
 prising. She was young, prepossessing, educated. 
 She had evidently been accustomed to move in 
 cultivated and refined society. She was rational, 
 and even brilliant on all but one single subject ; 
 on that she was plainly daft. This was before 
 "Flora McFlimsy of Madison Square" became 
 immortalized, and had a " claimant " for its author 
 in the person of a school-girl, who was other 
 than William Allan Butler. Since then, "Rock 
 Me to Sleep, Mother," and "Beautiful Snow," 
 and other pieces of poetry, have had various 
 claimants for authorship. Whenever this young 
 lady heard an impressive lecture or sermon, she 
 would go home and insist upon it in the most pos- 
 itive and impressive manner, that her own notes 
 or writings had been plagiarized. 
 
 169. The true idea of rest is recreation ; liter- 
 ally, making over again ; this is accomplished, 
 not by allowing the machinery of body and brain 
 to come to a stand-still, for inactivity is rust and 
 ruin to all mechanical contrivances, and to all 
 physiological structures, death. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 39 
 
 170. The best recreation for a student, is to 
 ride on horseback ; to cultivate fruits and flowers, 
 or walk an hour or two and then return to his 
 studies. 
 
 171. The merchant can get "rest" by closing 
 his ledgers, shutting up his counting room, or 
 rather shutting it out, and employing his mind in 
 liberal studies, or engaging in active, personal and 
 elevating charities ; while the overtaxed and wor- 
 ried wife may find a healthful and elevating diver- 
 sion, by making a visit to some prudent friend, 
 some cheery neighbor or some suffering sister. 
 
 172. Neither body nor brain are safely, truly, 
 and happily rested by doing nothing. 
 
 173. Many persons may remember various oc-- 
 casions when upon something occurring to the 
 mind there was a very filmy impression that it 
 had previously crossed the brain, and there is in 
 all such cases an instinctive effort to recall the 
 circumstances. Sometimes in our dreams there 
 is a feeling of their previous occurrence, the dif- 
 ference in the cases being only in the depth of 
 the conviction. 
 
 174. No means have ever yet been devised for 
 regulating the heat of an apartment, to prevent 
 its being unhealthfully cold or warm. By means 
 of the perspiration, the body is kept at the tem- 
 perature of ninety-eight, in all seasons and in all 
 latitudes. 
 
 175. Those who know most, seldom make pos- 
 itive statements on any subject. 
 
40 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 176. It is an incontrovertible physiological fact 
 that any artificial stimulus, continued for a few 
 days, makes the system feel the want of it, lean 
 instinctively upon it and look for it ; but this is 
 not all ; the same height of stimulation is required 
 every day, demanding a larger amount of the 
 stimulant, or it must be increased in frequency, 
 until the demand becomes so urgent, so resistless, 
 so intolerable, that the worst of crimes have been 
 perpetrated to procure the means for a single in- 
 dulgence. 
 
 177. Multitudes of earth's toiling millions have 
 died while striving to make money enough to 
 "retire from business," and in a beautiful cottage 
 on their own little farm, to spend the remnant of 
 their days in rest, having nothing to do but to 
 enjoy themselves. Those who succeed and retire, 
 soon find that they cannot rest ; the mind frets 
 and chafes under its unaccustomed inactivity, and 
 the man is either worried into the grave, becomes 
 a permanent invalid, or is compelled to go into 
 business again. The true object of rest is recu- 
 peration, and that is best brought about as to the 
 body by exercising a different set of muscles, and 
 as to the brain by calling into requisition a differ- 
 ent set of organs or powers, causing the mind to 
 act upon new objects. 
 
 178. Never use an expletive more comprehen- 
 sive than "often," or "very;" and let "awful," 
 "never," and "tremendous," be expunged from 
 your vocabulary. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 41 
 
 179. The reason that there are so many worth- 
 less remedies in the world is, that they have been 
 taken about the time the disease was at its crisis, 
 was just on the turn of disappearing, and then the 
 one employed is heralded as a wonderful cure, as 
 having accomplished what multitudes of others 
 had failed to do. 
 
 1 80. A child had convulsions from taking the 
 breast of the mother immediately after she had 
 been thrown into a violent rage. A dog bit a 
 woman and no harm came of it ; the husband be- 
 ing angry, drew the brute from under the sofa, held 
 it up by the tail and began to whip it ; while doing 
 so, the dog managed to snap a piece of the flesh 
 out of the husband's arm and he died in a few 
 days in East Newark, New Jersey, in all the hor- 
 rors of hydrophobia. These cases seem to show, 
 that intense mental excitement of an irritating 
 character poisons the secretions of the body, lead- 
 ing us to conclude that genial, gentle, and noble 
 frames of mind on the part of the mother while 
 nursing her children, impart those characteristics 
 to the little ones at her breast. But what shall 
 we say of the mother who unnecessarily allows 
 her infant to draw its supplies from a stranger's 
 bosom, only caring to know that the bodily health 
 is unexceptionable, while insanity, or any one of a 
 dozen inheritable maladies, may be rankling in the 
 veins. 
 
 1 8 1. The weakest-minded and the least in- 
 formed, are habitually the most positive. 
 
42 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1 82. The quicker the pulse beats over the healthy 
 standard of seventy times in a minute, with a daily 
 morning cough, the more certain it is that consump- 
 tion is at work. 
 
 183. No medicine ever cured or can cure dys- 
 pepsia ; the infallible remedy is to eat plain, nour- 
 ishing food, regularly, and live out of doors, indus- 
 triously. 
 
 184. To be able to sit down to a well-spread 
 table with a good appetite, and to eat to one's sat- 
 isfaction three times a day, without any discomfort 
 whatever, is a blessing and a happiness ; and yet, 
 there are multitudes in apparent good health, who 
 for years have not known what it is to take a 
 single meal, without its being followed within an 
 hour or two with torments enough to make a man 
 mad ; torments which subvert the whole character, 
 sour the disposition, imbitter the temper, and turn 
 the sweetest affections into wormwood and gall. 
 This is dyspepsia. 
 
 185. He whipped his little three year old boy 
 with a shingle for two hours, in trying to make 
 him say his prayers ; observing him to be weak he 
 called his wife, who, looking at the child said, " He 
 is dying," and so he was. This was recorded of 
 a man of superior education and of talents which 
 commanded respect and success in professional life. 
 What horrors of remorse, unquenchable this side 
 the grave, will follow that erring father, like infur- 
 iated fiends, to the last hour of life, no pen can 
 portray, no imagination paint. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 43 
 
 1 86. If you must strike your child, let it be after 
 mature deliberation and prayer. 
 
 187. Many a household once happy, has become 
 a very pandemonium, the husband a tyrant, the 
 wife a virago, an unendurable shrew, from the in- 
 fluence which a dyspeptic stomach has on the mind, 
 the temper, and the heart. 
 
 1 88. The almost universal cause of dyspepsia is 
 eating too fast, too often, and too much. 
 
 1 89. A distinctive odor escapes every one ; it is 
 thus the dog can follow his master through any 
 crowd ; if it is so decided as to be disagreeable, it 
 can be modified or remedied in the feet, by wash- 
 ing them well, night and morning, then mix a 
 teaspoonful of spirits of hartshorn in a teacup of 
 water, and rub into the soles, especially, a teaspoon- 
 ful or two ; if under the arms, apply the same ; or, 
 in some cases, better take one part of the red oxide 
 of lead, bruise it in a porcelain mortar, adding by 
 degrees twenty-nine parts of the liquor of the sub- 
 acetate of lead ; apply a few drops weekly, in sum- 
 mer oftener. 
 
 190. When near death, the pulse runs up to one 
 hundred and forty beats in a minute, and faster 
 and faster until the end, when it ceases forever. 
 The soft pulse, as if a woolen string were vibrating 
 under the finger, is safe ; but a pulse which beats 
 with the tenseness of a thin wire, is full of danger. 
 
 191. Those who have survived an attack of 
 small-pox, are notably exempt from ordinary mala- 
 dies, and usually live to a good old age. 
 
44 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 192. All should be vaccinated at the age of one 
 month, and at fourteen years ; the operation should 
 be repeated every month, at least for several times, 
 until it " takes ; " and ever thereafter there will be 
 but little danger of small-pox. 
 
 193. It matters not what ailment a man has, al- 
 most every one he meets has a remedy for it, and 
 which " can do no harm if it does no good." But 
 while you are waiting for its good results, the time 
 for saving life may pass away. Besides, it gener- 
 ally happens, that it does no good, and you find 
 by bitter experience that however beneficial it 
 may have been in curing others, somehow, as to 
 yourself, it is utterly valueless. Many diseases are 
 self-limited ; they reach a certain point of aggra- 
 vation, and then disappear spontaneously, having 
 run their natural course, like measles or small-pox, 
 
 194. An encouraging word, or a cheerful look, 
 often does the patient more good than pill, powder, 
 or potion. 
 
 195. Those who write under depression of spir- 
 its will write nonsense, or very illogically. 
 
 196. Every one ought to know how many times 
 the pulse beats in a minute in repose, in health, 
 for sometimes persons have a preternaturally fast 
 or slow pulse and in case of illness, the physician 
 may make a fatal mistake, unless he knows this. 
 An infant's pulse is 130 a minute ; at seven, 80 ; 
 up to threescore years it is about 70 beats in a 
 minute ; a woman's five or six more ; at fourscore, 
 it declines to 60. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 45 
 
 197. A person in actual consumption has a 
 pulse uniformly among the nineties, until he nears 
 the grave, unless he has an occasional bleeding 
 from the lungs ; then, his pulse may remain about 
 natural until he is far gone. 
 
 198. Hydrophobia is sometimes a purely nerv- 
 ous disease ; that is, it may be generated by the 
 imagination ; as proof, there are records of many 
 who have died of hydrophobia, having a shudder- 
 ing at the sight of water, and foaming at the 
 mouth, when in reality, mad dogs do neither. 
 
 199. A dog supposed to be mad and who has 
 bitten a person, should never be killed ; because 
 then, that person may remain for life uncertain, 
 yet fearing, a horrible incubus. But put the dog 
 in a dark room, introduce food and water daily ; 
 let him alone otherwise ; if he becomes composed 
 and take his food, he will get well in a day or two ; 
 then it is certain he was not mad ; if he dies in 
 convulsions, then we know that he was mad ; 
 speaking scientifically, hydrophobia, rabies, and 
 being " mad," are not strictly convertible terms. 
 
 200. Every man should be regular in his habits 
 of eating ; should have all the sound sleep which 
 nature will take ; should be in the open air an 
 hour or two every day when practicable, and 
 should have a pleasurable and an encouragingly 
 remunerative occupation which keeps him a little 
 pushed all the time ; such are the happiest and 
 healthiest, in whatever class or " set " in society 
 they may be ranked. 
 
46 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 20 1. All coughs are excited by a tickling sensa- 
 tion about the little hollow at the top of the breast- 
 bone, the cause being in the throat itself, in the 
 lungs, or in the stomach ; but wherever the seat 
 may be, it is always a bad practice to take any- 
 thing to repress the cough, for this is nature's 
 method of removing from the system that which 
 ought to be out of it, and which if not removed 
 will always and inevitably work bodily harm ; hence 
 it would be wiser to do something to increase the 
 cough and thus aid nature. 
 
 202. Night is the time for rest of body and 
 brain, especially for students, who require all 
 the sleep they can get, or that their system will 
 take ; nor should any person be waked up in the 
 morning, nature will infallibly do that as soon as 
 she has had her fill ; and to shorten sleep is to 
 shorten life ; one quarter of the time of daylight 
 in the temperate latitudes, is as long as any man 
 can profitably spend in hard study. 
 
 203. A clerical editor and personal friend once 
 published that a good cup of strong tea was an 
 admirable aid in preaching a sermon. Later on 
 we were called to see him. He had lost his mind. 
 
 204. Never state as a truth, especially in argu- 
 ment, that which rests on your own assertion 
 merely. 
 
 205. Neither poverty, hardships, nor exposure 
 tend to lengthen life, but shorten it by many years. 
 
 206. The value of life is less among the poor 
 than among the rich. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 47 
 
 207. Boxing the ears is an inexcusable brutal- 
 ity ; many a child has been made deaf for life by 
 it, because the "drum of the ear" is a membrane 
 as thin as paper, and stretches across the internal 
 entrance, just like a curtain, and there being noth- 
 ing but air behind it, any violent concussion may 
 rend it in twain, and the hearing is lost forever, 
 because the sense of hearing is caused by the 
 vibrations of this membrane, called the " tympa- 
 num." 
 
 208. To put yourself on your best behavior and 
 to be faultlessly dressed at the breakfast table, is 
 to begin any day well. 
 
 209. A debt is due to our neighbors, which it 
 is a crime not to pay : to have the outside of our 
 homes tidy and well ordered up to our farthest line ; 
 and it is a debt not less binding to ourselves and 
 those nearest and dearest to us, to have the inside 
 most scrupulously clean and in good repair from 
 cellar to garret. 
 
 210. The average man weighs one hundred and 
 fifty-four pounds, eighty-four of which are water ; 
 the remainder turns to dust and ashes. 
 
 211. No man was made to be a loafer. All 
 beasts and birds and creeping things look dili- 
 gently for a living. The sun and stars and every 
 planet in space move forever and forever on, and 
 shall the heir of immortality be the only idler in 
 the universe ? 
 
 212. The best sleepers are the most efficient 
 workers. 
 
48 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 213. All look forward longingly to the time 
 when they shall be able to " retire from bus- 
 iness ; " the wisest retiring, as well as the noblest, 
 is that which has for its object an entire conse- 
 cration of time and talent, and head, heart, and 
 hand, to the elevation of the race. 
 
 214. It is not he who works the hardest who 
 has the best health ; it is the deliberate steady 
 laborer who lives the longest. 
 
 215. That is the best time for writing, effi- 
 ciently, whether at noon or midnight, when the 
 spirit is on you ; the mind then takes hold of the 
 subject with a will, and the whole soul is ab- 
 sorbed in it. 
 
 216. Many a man's destiny has been made or 
 marred for time and for eternity, by the influence 
 which reading a single sentence has made on his 
 mind, shaping his character for life ; making it 
 terribly true, that moments sometimes fix the 
 coloring of our whole subsequent existence ; and 
 it is just as true as to human life, which has 
 many a time found a speedy end by quite as lit- 
 tle things, as an over-meal, a too hasty draught 
 of water, a damp foot, or an open window. 
 
 217. One of the best ways of living long and 
 healthfully is to gather around you, early in life, 
 all the conveniences and comforts possible, then 
 to stay home of nights and enjoy them. 
 
 218. A consumptive who spits blood occasion- 
 ally, will have less cough and live longer, than one 
 who does not have any haemorrhage. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 49 
 
 219. It ought to be borne in mind, that mad 
 dogs do not bark, that they drink water when 
 they can get it, and never go out of their way to 
 bite anybody ; and that the most certain indica- 
 tion of their madness is, that they paw the sides 
 of their mouth and consume their own excre- 
 ment, which last a healthy dog never does. 
 
 220. There is a kind of bed, which costs two 
 or three or more thousand dollars and is cheap at 
 that price, for it means that if you give that 
 much to a hospital, the interest of it will pay all 
 the expenses of a sufferer, as long as he lives ; 
 and then some other sorrowing one will take his 
 place, to be fed and clothed and ministered unto 
 for life ; and so on until the end of time ; and 
 thus the memory of the good is blessed and their 
 works do follow, and " of such is the kingdom of 
 heaven." 
 
 221. When a man has a tickling sensation in 
 the throat, causing a cough, the most important 
 question is, Does it arise from the condition of 
 the throat itself, from the stomach, or from the 
 lungs ? and he should act accordingly, by address- 
 ing the remedies to whichever of these points 
 gives rise to the tickling. 
 
 222. The value of the permanent teeth, which 
 are completed between the seventh and twenty- 
 first year, depends very much on the manage- 
 ment of the first set, which should not be ex- 
 tracted, but allowed to be pushed out by their 
 successors. 
 
 4 
 
50 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 223. The best time to write with freshness 
 and vigor and logical truthfulness, is in the early 
 morning, after a very light breakfast, when the 
 brain has been recuperated and renovated by the 
 natural stimulus of healthful sleep, and before its 
 force has been expended or divided by the dis- 
 tracting affairs of common life. 
 
 224. At the closing hour of life, the mind of 
 the great Washington was disturbed at the pos- 
 sibility that he might be buried alive. His very 
 last words, "It is well," referred to the answer 
 of an attendant, intimating that his views on 
 that subject would be religiously respected. In 
 Munich, where all the dead are required by law 
 to be kept " twice twenty-four hours " in a large 
 lighted room, not a single case of revival had oc- 
 curred in three hundred years ; the changes of 
 position, noticed in opening coffins, are incident 
 to the handling between the house and the grave. 
 
 225. After a healthy person has been at rest 
 for several minutes, not within an hour of eating, 
 the natural pulse beats about seventy times in a 
 minute from twenty onwards ; five or six more 
 for women ; and every intelligent person should 
 learn from his physician what his natural health- 
 ful pulse is, so that in case he should get sick 
 away from home, his medical adviser may have 
 the advantage of this knowledge ; for there are 
 a few cases of persons having good health for 
 a time, with a pulse -of fifty, and it is rare that an 
 adult can have good health with over seventy-five 
 beats in a minute, whether male or female. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 51 
 
 226. If the thermometer is placed in the arm- 
 pit in health, it marks about one hundred degrees 
 Fahrenheit ; if it indicates five or six more, death 
 is approaching. 
 
 227. Oliver Wendell Holmes once said, " One 
 cannot gather some of the best fruits of life with- 
 out climbing out to the slender and dangerous 
 branches of the 'Ego/" meaning thereby that 
 many a truth is made more valuable and becomes 
 more impressive by the narrator being able to 
 say, " I saw it." Hence, it is riot always wholly 
 improper to talk about ourselves. 
 
 228. It is a wicked blunder to saw a silk thread 
 between the teeth, as it facilitates the lodging of 
 extraneous matters between them and prevents 
 the full spreading of the jaw, which gives so much 
 character to the face. 
 
 229. No one ought to make himself a galley- 
 slave to any observance. Man is the most adapt- 
 able animal in creation. Occasional deviations 
 from ordinary habits are beneficial, they impart a 
 pliability to the constitution which gives it a 
 greater range of healthful action. 
 
 230. Don't go into a fit if dinner is not ready 
 at the instant. A routinist, a machine man who 
 moves along in the same rut all the time, is a nui- 
 sance. Our habits should be adapted to the 
 changes of life, to the peculiarities of the con- 
 stitution, and the varying age of the individual. 
 
 231. A shower-bath may cure at forty; when 
 at four-score it would certainly kill. 
 
52 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 232. Nothing should be applied to the eye or 
 ear stronger than lukewarm water, without be- 
 ing advised by a physician, for if once destroyed 
 they can never be.) repaired. 
 
 233. The first tooth appears about the sixth 
 month ; in three years all the first set are cut ; the 
 second, between seven and twenty-one. 
 
 234. Picking the ears with a sharper or smaller 
 instrument than the end of the finger is a perilous 
 operation, as an unlucky jog or push might cause 
 a rupture. of the membrane, the vibration of which 
 gives rise to the sensation of hearing. 
 
 235. To insure good, sound, strong, and beauti- 
 ful teeth, children should make their breakfast 
 mainly on oatmeal porridge or wheaten grits with 
 milk, from the age of three years, and their sup- 
 per exclusively of the same material ; as these are 
 much richer in bone elements and dentine than 
 flour or any other kind of food. 
 
 236. The man who eats and drinks by rule will 
 never eat and drink long. The amount of ali- 
 ment taken each day, is better regulated by in- 
 stinct, because it is greatly modified by heat and 
 cold, as well as by the amount of labor or exercise 
 performed. 
 
 237. No writer, however gifted, can compose 
 creditably, for a longer time than four or five 
 hours in the twenty-four at a single sitting ; a few 
 turns around the room at intervals' of thirty or 
 forty minutes would improve the action of the 
 brain. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 53 
 
 238. In no case is habitual night study an 
 economy of time. 
 
 239. Much that is mischievous has been written 
 about improving every moment, and the criminal- 
 ity of wasting time. The Almighty " rested " in 
 his work of creation, and so must the creature 
 man. 
 
 240. Marriage is the natural condition of man, 
 and without it no man or woman ever feels set- 
 tled in life. 
 
 241. While women should not marry under 
 twenty, men should wait until twenty-five. 
 
 242. He is the most skillful and most success- 
 ful physician in any case of sickness, who soonest 
 discovers what nature wants to do, and most 
 promptly adopts the best means for rendering her 
 the indicated aid. 
 
 243. It may be safely said, that in many cases 
 where there is some trouble in the throat, with a 
 slight hacking rather than an actual cough during 
 the day only, it is of dyspeptic origin, in connec- 
 tion with improper eating or a disordered liver, 
 being a stomach or liver cough, and to expect to 
 cure it by applications to the throat itself, when 
 the cause of the ailment is nearly two feet away, 
 is irrational and the treatment must fail. 
 
 244. No one should write when very hungry, 
 nor immediately after a meal, nor under the influ- 
 ence of any unnatural stimulant, nor while in a 
 passion, for in the last case he is pretty certain to 
 make a fool of himself. 
 
54 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 245. I heard a great man in my college days 
 urge from the pulpit the advantage of saving spare 
 moments, by always having a book at hand to 
 read, while waiting for a vehicle or visitor, or at 
 the table. Such was his custom. He died early 
 and demented. v 
 
 246. Those who write and study a great deal 
 by night, will impair their health and die prema- 
 turely, for night is nature's time for sleep and rest. 
 
 247. It is an observed fact, that the children of 
 charitable mission schools in New York are better 
 and more wisely clothed, in winter than those of 
 the most aristocratic schools ; for the wives of the 
 poor will manage to send their darlings to school 
 with warm woolen mittens and leggings ; they 
 study comfort, the others show. 
 
 248. A wise system of surface drainage of water 
 will banish fever and ague from any locality. 
 
 249. Many costly dwellings in New York city 
 are unfit for human habitations in consequence of 
 the noisome condition of the cellars. The most 
 perfect method of keeping a house free from the 
 bad air of water-closets, bath-rooms, and sinks is 
 to have an iron or lead tube of several inches in 
 diameter, connected with the kitchen chimney, 
 which being heated the year round, creates a draft, 
 and thus affords a constant escape at the top of 
 the house for all hurtful gases. 
 
 250. If every human being in the world was 
 weighed, the average would be one hundred 
 pounds. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 55 
 
 251. The best system of surface drainage is 
 open ditches emptying into rapid streams of 
 water ; wherever this can be accomplished, all 
 epidemics and intermittent diseases will at once 
 be banished from the country, infallibly. 
 
 252. Cannibals say the flesh of the white man 
 is bitter, salty, and does not keep ; while that of the 
 negro has a special dainty taste, and when dried, 
 keeps a long time ; showing that the difference 
 in color of the skin requires a difference in the 
 whole constitution of the body, and very likely a 
 different cast of mind and character ; the white 
 loves cold and best thrives in it ; the negro luxu- 
 riates in warmth, abounds more largely in sympa- 
 thies, and seems by his instincts and ecstasies to 
 be a more decidedly religious animal. 
 
 253. If an animal is fed for a long time with 
 aliments which contain very little bone,' the con- 
 stituents of that animal's bones are the same as 
 they were before, although the bones are not as 
 large ; which seems to show the wisdom of our 
 mechanism, that it is capable of manufacturing 
 what it wants, whatever may be the material 
 which is given it to feed upon. Thus is it that 
 man can live and flourish in all latitudes and in 
 all climes and countries. 
 
 254. You cannot be with some persons five 
 minutes, without their letting you know that they 
 have been abroad ; such people are very apt to 
 talk loud enough to be heard by all the company, 
 that is their object. 
 
56 HOW TO 'LIVE LONG. 
 
 255. The quality of the milk and the butter 
 follows the character of the food eaten by the cow, 
 and it must be that the character of the physical 
 constitution of the child is shaped by the milk 
 which it draws from its mother ; and as the milk 
 of an enraged mother is known to have thrown 
 her infant into convulsions within an hour, by im- 
 pairing the action of the brain, the strongest 
 feelings of a mother's nature are appealed to to 
 eat and live in reference to the well-being of her 
 child, and never run the risk of allowing it to feed 
 at the breast of a hireling who may be insane, or 
 scrofulous, or drunken, or depraved. 
 
 256. We ought to live five times as long as it 
 requires to get our growth. We ought to weigh 
 twenty times as much at thirty-five as on the day 
 we were born ; a two-pound infant has lived. 
 
 257. At thirty-five men weigh most, their aver- 
 age being about one hundred and fifty pounds, 
 and women one hundred and twenty, with the 
 difference that the weight of women increases 
 until fifty, when their average is a hundred and 
 fifty pounds. 
 
 258. A most palatable drink for a weak stom- 
 ach, is a pint of the best milk and a pint of cold 
 water, adding a well-beaten egg, with salt to suit. 
 
 259. All prize contests, and all competitions at 
 public examinations at schools, are pernicious in 
 all their connections, are useless in their aims, are 
 immoral in their preparation, and end in physical 
 injury both to body and brain. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 57 
 
 260. Some of the severest pangs which have 
 ever swept across the human heart, have been 
 from the remembrance of harsh words said, of 
 unkind things done to those who hare since 
 passed beyond, and we yearn, and oh, now in- 
 tensely, to make amends, but they can never come 
 back to witness them. 
 
 261. Boisterous and loud laughing people, and 
 the noisy, are always vulgar. 
 
 262. Never put a pin in your mouth for an in- 
 stant ; a sudden laugh has often drawn it into the 
 wind-pipe or throat. Twenty-three years ago a 
 lady swallowed three pins and for fifteen years 
 suffered the most excruciating pains, ending with 
 the pins coming out at the joint of the left hip. 
 
 263. The man who is always going to do some- 
 thing, never succeeds in life. 
 
 264. One cord of dry hickory wood will keep 
 up a certain amount of heat for one hundred days, 
 pitch-pine thirty-five, and a ton of coal ninety-one 
 days. 
 
 265. Four pounds of onions contain one pound 
 of gluten, which is the most nutritious element in 
 wheat ; hence the onion is an economical food and 
 gives power to work. 
 
 266. Life is a series of mistakes, repentances, 
 and improvements. We seldom do the same thing 
 twice in the same way : at twenty-five we repent 
 the mistakes of twenty. As we grow older, we are 
 mistaking and repenting still, and all for the want 
 of more mature deliberation. 
 
58 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 267. The most cultivated persons we meet, in- 
 stinctively avoid drawing attention to themselves 
 in any way. 
 
 268. ^Ve are at a disadvantage in a foreign land, 
 and yet there is a kind of fascination to many in 
 living abroad because the money has been pro- 
 vided before we left home, and we are relieved from 
 the details of business and housekeeping. We are 
 more retired, because those around us do not feel 
 sufficient interest in us to notice us very particu- 
 larly, and we are treated with more deference, it 
 being taken for granted that we have plenty of 
 money ; and then again we escape that dreadful 
 
 J ^nurry and drive, and that unceasing striving to 
 keep up appearances and to rise, which is the bane 
 of American life. 
 
 269. It is very certain that hereditary influ- 
 ences impart the dispositions, tastes, and tenden- 
 cies of the parent ; yet a watchful, judicious, and 
 persistent attention to the education of the child, 
 can cultivate such as are good, and can arrest, 
 overcome, and eradicate those which are evil. 
 
 270. Whenever, in walking fast, especially in 
 cold weather, there is a hurting of any kind, even 
 the slightest, in the front of the arms, above the 
 elbows, there is a tendency to heart disease ; and 
 all exercise and work should be performed with 
 deliberation, for great haste is not only hurtful 
 but is dangerous. 
 
 271. To eat long eat slow ; rapid Caters die 
 early. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 59 
 
 272. Taking a single week in February, Toledo, 
 Knoxville, St. Louis, and Chicago, are the healthiest 
 cities in the United States for that month, in the 
 order of their naming ; while the most unhealthy 
 are Charleston, Nashville, Washington City, and 
 New York. Toledo gives twelve deaths out of a 
 thousand, and Charleston, S. C, forty ; at the 
 same time, if the average deaths of a year are 
 taken at these same places, a different result will 
 be noted. From its water shed advantages, New 
 York ought to be one of the healthiest cities in 
 the Union. 
 
 273. Houses built on a clay soil are more 
 healthy than those built on sand, if on an eleva- 
 tion, for the water runs off from the clay, the sand 
 absorbs and retains it underneath. 
 
 274. Dyspepsia is nearly always the result of 
 too short an interval between the times of eat- 
 ing ; with a five hours' interval the disease would 
 become a rarity in the next generation. If this 
 rule of five hours between meals and nothing 
 between, were to be rigidly observed from the age 
 of five years, dyspepsia would soon become an 
 almost unknown malady. 
 
 275. Short and slow, is the safest step for all, 
 especially for three-score and upwards. 
 
 276. Although the picture of an object on the 
 retina is upside down, the optic nerve converges, 
 passes onward to the brain and crosses before it 
 gets there, hence the brain takes cognizance of its 
 proper position. 
 
60 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 277. A cribbing horse is cured by compelling 
 him to eat from a trough considerably down or 
 below a horizontal line with the body ; let him eat 
 from a manger on the floor ; but men should eat 
 with an erect position of the chest. 
 
 278. A safe plan for the water supply of a 
 family for cooking and drinking purposes, is to 
 have a tight cistern above ground, and convey 
 into it the water falling on the roof of the dwell- 
 ing or other buildings through a box of sand sev- 
 eral yards long. If the cistern is under ground, 
 this sand box should be inclosed with the best 
 cement so as to insure no water coming into it 
 from contaminating sources ; the sand acts as a 
 filter, and should half fill the box, which should be 
 very nearly on a level, else the sand would accu- 
 mulate at the cistern end and close the outlet, or 
 in both cases the long sand box could be dis- 
 pensed with, by letting the water at the roof fall 
 into a large covered receptacle partly filled with 
 sand and gravel. 
 
 279. About one fifth of the most nutritious and 
 strengthening portion of the wheat grain attaches 
 itself to the bran and is thrown away ; all which 
 is saved, if the article is used in the shape of 
 wheaten grits. 
 
 280. The most valuable part of the common po- 
 tato is immediately under the outside skin, which 
 is peeled off and thrown to the pigs ; if baked or 
 boiled and only the Very outside skin is peeled off, 
 all the nutriment is saved. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 6 1 
 
 281. It is not well to reprove a servant or child 
 for every wrong doing, it tends to make them 
 reckless or they become discouraged. 
 
 282. Plants, like dyspeptics, may be dieted into 
 health under certain conditions : if too much wa- 
 tered, or too much fed, manured, or stimulated, the 
 leaves begin to drop off ; the soil, like the stomach, 
 has been soured ; there is too much acid ; then 
 take out the plant, crush the bed of soil in the 
 hands, allowing the outside crust to fall off, and 
 place it in new soil, moderately dry. A plant may 
 be over-fed as a man may be ; thus it is that new 
 analogies are discovered from time to time be- 
 tween the nature and habits of plants and animals 
 and man. 
 
 283. A baked potato is a delicacy ; it is di- 
 gested in two hours, otherwise an hour longer. 
 
 284. There is twice as much nutriment in a 
 pound of smoked or dried bacon, as in a pound of 
 fresh lean beef. Beef loses fifteen per cent, in the 
 roasting ; only eleven if boiled. Boiled mutton 
 loses ten per cent. ; roasted, twenty-five. 
 
 285. Many men who have been successful in 
 business, begin to indulge in the dream of retir- 
 ing. It is very easy to retire from, but it is just 
 as important to decide wisely what ^ shall be re- 
 tired to ; if it is to idleness, to inactivity, mental 
 or physical, it will be a great mistake. The 
 safest method of retiring from business, is to en- 
 gage in some occupation which fills up the time 
 pretty well, and which shall engage a new set of 
 activities. 
 
62 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 286. Persons often cough half a night, or lay 
 awake for hours in consequence of having eaten 
 something which did not agree with the stom- 
 ach, generally, some unusual thing, or from 
 having eaten a late or hearty supper, or having 
 eaten moderately, but while greatly fatigued. 
 
 287. When a person has any uncomfortable 
 sensation, or notices anything disagreeable or un- 
 usual connected with the bodily habits and func- 
 tions, it is best to think back and endeavor to as- 
 certain the cause ; as the first step in the cure of 
 all maladies, and an indispensable step, is to re- 
 move the cause, and that cannot be done unless it 
 is first clearly ascertained what that cause is. 
 
 288. Never eat or drink a new or rare thing 
 late in the day, or just before going to church or 
 on a journey ; it may disturb the system incon- 
 veniently. 
 
 289. Persons subject to piles should avoid using 
 cushioned seats ; and night and morning should 
 flap cold water against the parts until they fairly 
 ache ; and 'in addition, avoid constipation. 
 
 290. Soft corns are cured by using buckskin 
 protectors ; bathe them freely in warm water ; 
 never pare them. Hard corns are ordinarily re- 
 lieved by soaking the feet in warm water night 
 and morning, until the corn is so soft that it can 
 be picked out with the finger-nail ; repeat the 
 operation as often as needed ; never cut a corn, it 
 is dangerous sometimes, always hardens it, and 
 spreads and deepens the roots. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 63 
 
 291. Sprains are always promptly relieved by 
 allowing the coldest water to fall upon the part 
 steadily, until no discomfort is experienced. Re- 
 peat as often as necessary ; keep the sprained 
 joint elevated if about the hands, and horizontal 
 if about the feet, so as to promote the flow of 
 blood from the parts by gravity ; and live for a 
 few days on fruits and coarse bread mainly. 
 
 292. Wines are either sparkling, as champagne ; 
 or still, as others ; dry, as sherry ; sour, as hock ; 
 sweet, as port. Dry wines have the most alcohol ; 
 the sour have the least sugar, the sweet have the 
 most and are the weakest ; white wines are made 
 red by greater pressure of the skins and ferment- 
 ation ; but the use of any of them, like the use of 
 cordials and bitters, leads to drunkenness. " Wine 
 and oil " was the great cure-all of the ancients : 
 the wine to elevate, sustain, and strengthen ; the 
 oil to feed, nourish, invigorate, and warm ; and 
 these are the points at which the successful 
 physician aims to-day. 
 
 293. Fulton and the locomotive ; Morse and the 
 telegraph : the one annihilates space, the other 
 time, thus hastening the coming of the nations 
 together, the grandest material agents of civili- 
 zation. 
 
 294. Better rule by persuasion than force. 
 
 295. The eye and the ear are too delicate in 
 their construction to be tampered with ; hence it is 
 best when they are out of order to consult a com- 
 petent, experienced, and skillful physician. 
 
64 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 296. It is one of the million evidences of Divine 
 love and wisdom that gases, airs, and corrupting 
 substances which are injurious to the health, have 
 such a disagreeable odor as to compel their re- 
 moval. This noxious air has two elements : one is 
 the odor, to notify us of its presence ; while the 
 other is the poisonous ingredient, the seed of the 
 disease, called a germ, or spore, or cell. Hence the 
 real efficient purifier of a bad air, whether it be 
 called a deodorizer, antiseptic, or disinfectant, 
 should have the quality of taking away the bad 
 smell, as will water to which ten per cent, of cop- 
 peras has been added. Two per cent, of pure 
 carbolic acid added to water gives a mixture 
 which will arrest decay and destroy the disease- 
 producing element. The two together make the 
 cheapest and best deodorizing disinfectant. 
 
 297. In ordinary conversation when a man says 
 " I saw it," there is a tangibility and a force about 
 it which does not belong to the mere sentimental 
 expression of the same idea ; for there is a proof 
 about it, a demonstration, which gives it a con- 
 vincing power ; but about health and disease, it is 
 never a safe guide out of professional hands, be- 
 cause neither the condition, the constitution, nor 
 the surroundings of any two persons are ever ex- 
 actly alike. The wearied donkey felt relieved after 
 crossing a stream, for he was loaded with salt ; 
 his companion, quite as weary, was encouraged to 
 follow, but carrying a sack of wool, he sank at the 
 edge of the other shore. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 6$ 
 
 298. He is not more the world's benefactor who 
 causes two blades of grass to grow where only 
 one grew before, than he who expresses a new 
 truth, or proclaims an old one in more taking 
 words than any one had ever done previously. 
 
 299. The proper management of the feet is of 
 the first importance to the comfort and health of 
 all : they should be washed every night in sum- 
 mer, and twice a week in winter ; stockings and 
 shoes should have several hours' airing in the sun- 
 shine, when practicable, after each wearing. 
 
 300. Acids always injure the teeth, pure sweets 
 never do. 
 
 301. To insure purity of water for household 
 purposes and to come within the means of the 
 masses, wooden cisterns should be constructed 
 above ground, to be filled through pipes conveying 
 water from the house roof, falling on a layer of 
 sand a foot or two deep at the top of the cistern, 
 to be renewed several times a year if necessary ; 
 the water is thus filtered and is perfectly free from 
 all sources of contamination. 
 
 302. In dyspepsia the whole character of the 
 individual gradually changes for the worse : the 
 most placid man grows petulant and irritable ; the 
 loving heart becomes estranged by groundless 
 suspicions ; the cheery face wears an oppressive 
 sadness ; while all that was once joyous and hope- 
 ful and glad goes out at length into the night of 
 settled melancholy, confirmed madness, or terrible 
 suicide. 
 
 5 
 
66 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 303. Tooth powders never preserve but always 
 injure the teeth in proportion as they whiten 
 them. If a powder is never used, the teeth may 
 not be so white, but if kept clean with a brush 
 and cold water they will last longer. 
 
 304. The appetite is either natural or artificial. 
 The natural is always safe ; the artificial is al- 
 ways dangerous. Bread and water are examples 
 of the former ; liquor and tobacco of the latter. 
 The natural has five characteristics : ist. About 
 the same amount of bread and butter satisfies us 
 every day for years. 2d. We do not want bread 
 and butter oftener now than years ago. 3d. Any 
 specified amount satisfies for as long a time to-day 
 as it did at any previous time. 4th. A pound of 
 bread will give as much satisfaction in childhood 
 as at fourscore. 5th. We take bread three times 
 a day and never get tired of it, and its use is not 
 followed by any unpleasant symptom. Tobacco 
 and stimulating drinks are the reverse in all points, 
 the appetite for them being artificial. 
 
 305. The best way of imparting religious in- 
 struction to the young, so as to accomplish an 
 unmixed good, is to invite by appeal, example, 
 entreaty, encouragement. The Master said, 
 Come." 
 
 306. In recovering from any sickness : ist. 
 Keep abundantly and comfortably warm. 2d. 
 Studiously avoid taking cold. 3d. Watch against 
 over exercise. 4th. Eat moderately and at reg- 
 ular intervals, of plain, nourishing food. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 6/ 
 
 307. Much has been written and more said 
 about the ruddy faces and happy health of the 
 barefooted, frowsy-headed, ragged, and begrimed 
 children of the poor. Many are almost persuaded 
 that " dirt is healthy," but careful and close obser- 
 vation will always show that of an equal number 
 of children of the same age, one hundred of the 
 poor die, but only fifty of the rich ; so great is the 
 difference between being comfortably clothed and 
 fed and housed, and otherwise well cared for and 
 having to " take things as they come," and subject 
 to want and exposure and privation. 
 
 308. Charles Lamb used to meet a bright, 
 cheery little school-girl every morning, as he 
 went out for the business of the day. Suddenly 
 he missed her and found she was dead ; and 
 wrote : 
 
 " My sprightly neighbor gone before, 
 Shall we not meet as heretofore 
 
 Some sunny morning ? " 
 
 309. The purest sources of water supply for 
 domestic purposes are artesian wells or cisterns 
 above ground, to receive the water from the roofs 
 of houses. Water from wells and springs and 
 rivers is becoming more and more contaminated, 
 less and less fit for cooking and drinking as popu- 
 lation increases. 
 
 3 10. Many persons have a great horror of night 
 air, as if there were something deadly in it. But' 
 in-door air is only the air of out-doors impregnated 
 with the odors of kitchen, cellar, and other sources 
 of impurity. 
 
68 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 311. Nature often cures consumption, man 
 seldom. 
 
 312. If there be no recognition hereafter of the 
 loved and lost, whence the universal desire and 
 hope and longing to be buried beside the de- 
 parted. 
 
 " One only word she uttered 
 
 While life was ebbing fast : 
 ' Sleep by my side, dear mother, 
 
 And rise with me at last.' " 
 
 313. One of the saddest sights in nature is to 
 see an old person grow more and more irritable and 
 complaining and fretful as years increase ; with 
 less of human sympathies day by day ; less for- 
 bearance with the faults and foibles of mankind ; 
 pronouncing hasty and harsh judgments on the 
 actions of others ; attributing selfish or sinister 
 motives to all that is said and done, as if under 
 the whole heaven there was nothing true, nothing 
 sincere, nothing generous, nothing lovely. Surely 
 it were better for that man if he had never been 
 born : for there is no sunshine in his sky, no 
 goodness in his face, no joy in his heart, and noth- 
 ing genial in his whole nature. 
 
 314. A talented editor of a popular magazine 
 rode all day, some ten years ago, eating nothing 
 since breakfast, taking a very hearty dinner late 
 in the night when hungry and fatigued. Soon 
 after he went to bed, and has not got up yet. So 
 if you want to get up perfectly well any morning, 
 do not eat a hearty supper late at night when 
 weak, tired, and exhausted. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 69 
 
 315. If a man has consumption, and a running 
 sore breaks out on any part of the body spontane- 
 ously, the disease is generally arrested and some- 
 times cured. This led to the conclusion that if 
 an artificial sore was induced, it would cure too, 
 but it never does. 
 
 316. The time may come, and at no very dis- 
 tant day, when eating will be regulated by the 
 thermometer. We put on more clothing when 
 we go out of doors, if there is a difference of 
 twenty degrees or more in the temperature of the 
 atmosphere, in order to keep the heat within us and 
 to keep off the colder air. We are kept warm by 
 the food we eat, it is the fuel of our bodies. We no 
 more need as much fuel in them in a warm day, 
 as if it were many degrees colder, than we would 
 need a large fire in summer, for this would gener- 
 ate more heat within us than we need, and that is 
 internal fever which dries the skin, closes the pores, 
 and prevents the evaporation and escape of those 
 waste matters, which if retained in the body would 
 poison all the blood. It was a desire to remove 
 this poison from the body which led our grand- 
 mothers to administer so freely the sassafras and 
 catnip-tea and powdered brimstone to children, in 
 the spring of the year, a result of eating as 
 heartily in the warming April and May as in the 
 previous colder weather. 
 
 317. In work or exercise for health, it is more 
 economical in the end to note how little has been 
 done in an hour, than how much. 
 
7O HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 3 1 8. If we sleep in a close room, the carbonic 
 acid gas which escapes from the lungs at each ex- 
 piration is absorbed by the moisture of the breath, 
 and uniting with other impure gases which are al- 
 ways found in close rooms, becomes heavy and 
 settles on the floor, especially if the apartment is 
 cold ; hence the nearer the floor we sleep in cold 
 weather the more impure is the air. In cold 
 weather especially, it is better and safer to keep 
 the mouth closed and to breathe through the 
 nostrils, for thus, by compelling the air to pass 
 into the lungs through the circuit of the head, it 
 is warmed before it reaches the lungs, inducing, 
 deeper breathing, thus distending them more 
 fully and causing a more healthful development 
 of the chest ; in addition, the hairs at the entrance 
 of the nostrils serve to act as a strainer which re- 
 tains very many atmospheric impurities, while 
 others are detained by coming in contact with the 
 moist surfaces of the air passages, to be cast out 
 of the system at those frequent clearings of the 
 nose of its contents, which while they are necessary 
 to be passed out of the body do in that very pas- 
 sage thrust out before them myriads of atoms of 
 matter and of dust and other things, which if they 
 had not thus been disposed of would have passed 
 into the blood and poisoned it. 
 
 319. It is with the literary as with other pro- 
 fessions and callings in life : only the very few 
 reach the heights ; but the end is worthy of an 
 undying aim. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 7 1 
 
 320. As there are so many circumstances in life 
 which expose us to be burned or scalded, it is well 
 to know that spreading oil of peppermint over the 
 injured part gives immediate relief, and causes a 
 speedy healing without leaving a scar. Until this 
 remedy can be obtained, keep the burned part un- 
 der water, which instantly removes all pain. 
 
 321. The sufferings of some men have made 
 their names immortal, by spurring them to almost 
 superhuman exertions to obtain relief. With- 
 out such stimulus, their names would never have 
 passed into history, as witness Cervantes, Otway, 
 Johnson, Goldsmith, Butler, Campbell, Dryden, 
 and others, all of whom many a time hungered, 
 and one at least starved to death. Let this fact be 
 a stimulus to any one who may chance to be found 
 in the " same condemnation," to try on, try ever, 
 and die a trying, in any great accomplishment. 
 
 322. Indomitable persistence is the father of all 
 great successes. 
 
 323. Both for sick and well, it is just as unwise 
 to measure and weigh each meal every day, as it 
 would be to wear the same amount of clothing 
 or to consume the same amount of fuel every 
 day in the year. In ordinary health, eat accord- 
 ing to the natural appetite in quality and quantity, 
 and not according to artificial rules and regula- 
 tions. 
 
 324. It is steady, continuous exercise in the open 
 air, short of much fatigue, which is so beneficial 
 in promoting health. 
 
72 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 325. When a person has a slight cough in the 
 morning on rising, for months together, and is 
 easily put out of breath, that is, instinctively 
 moves slower on going up-stairs or ascending a 
 hill, consumption has begun, if the pulse is al- 
 ways above ninety beats in a minute. 
 
 326. When there is any discomfort after eating, 
 it is because the food eaten does not " agree " with 
 the stomach ; that is, it cannot be digested, be- 
 cause too much has been taken, or some particular 
 article is indigestible. Most generally the error is 
 in quantity not quality. 
 
 327. Sometimes persons are very fond of a par- 
 ticular kind of food, and yet as sure as they eat 
 it, discomfort is experienced. Take less and less 
 every day, until you come to an amount which is 
 not followed by any discomfort whatever ; that 
 amount is healthy for you, and since you crave it 
 it may be because the system needs some of the 
 elements which it contains. 
 
 328. An article of food may not agree with you 
 to-day, and yet it may in a month or two, or at 
 a different season of the year, or under different 
 surroundings. Do not make a god of your belly, 
 but accustom yourself to think of what you shall 
 eat, only when the time for eating comes. A 
 glutton may do otherwise, a man not. 
 
 329. Many a pie has cost an industrious hus- 
 band a hundred dollars in doctors' bills ; and 
 many a human life has paid for an apple dump- 
 ling. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 73 
 
 330. Many of our bad colds, even of a fatal 
 form, are taken in the house and not out of doors, 
 by removing parts of clothing too soon after com- 
 ing into the house from a walk or other exercise ; 
 or from lying down on a sofa or a bed without 
 some extra covering, however warm the weather ; 
 or when nearly exhausted from having engaged 
 too vigorously in domestic avocations. 
 
 331. When our wives get to work, they go about 
 it too violently altogether, keep at it too long; 
 and before they know it they are perfectly ex- 
 hausted, over-heated, lie down uncovered, take 
 cold, and are " laid up " for days and weeks after- 
 wards. 
 
 332. Nature's instincts are often a better guide 
 for food than reason, as she craves that, the distinc- 
 tive elements of which are needed in the system. 
 
 333. Those in ordinary health should not have 
 a pillow any higher than will keep the head more 
 than three inches above a horizontal line, or above 
 the level of the body, because that position admits 
 of the most easy and natural and equable circula- 
 tion, of the blood, and keeps both lungs and heart 
 less pressed upon and confined. If the head is 
 high, it makes the body stoop-shouldered in bed, 
 bends the chin on the breast and throws the 
 arms inwards, each of these tending to confine 
 the chest. 
 
 334. A little paradise on earth is that household : 
 father, mother, children, all endeavoring every 
 day to do what is possible to make home happy. 
 
74 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 335. No man's likes or dislikes for a particular 
 article of food should be made a rule for another. 
 
 336. The lungs of an ordinary man contain over 
 half a thousand millions of air-cells ; if these were 
 cut open and spread on a wall, they would cover 
 a space of six feet each way, representing the sur- 
 face which is exposed to the air at every breath. 
 No wonder if that air is very cold it chills the whole 
 body and causes pneumonia, and if impure, poisons 
 the whole body and quickly induces disease. 
 
 337. Under all ordinary circumstances, night 
 air is as healthy as day air, if the person is not 
 weak, or hungry, or chilly. 
 
 338. Reasoning from analogy, men ought to 
 live a century, as it seems to be a general law in 
 the animal creation that life should be five times 
 the period required for growth. Many of the in- 
 sect tribes mature and fructify in an hour and die 
 before the close of day. A dog grows for two 
 years and lives eight ; an ox grows for four years 
 and lives sixteen ; a horse grows for five years 
 and lives twenty-five ; a camel grows for eight 
 years and lives forty; a man grows for twenty 
 years and should live to one hundred. 
 
 339. It is a recognized fact in physiology that 
 the longer a child is in getting its full growth the 
 longer it will live. " Early ripe early rot " is almost 
 a proverb. Children who grow rapidly are always 
 weakly. 
 
 340. In France the rich men average twelve 
 years of life longer than the poor. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 75 
 
 341. Observation in all civilized countries, shows 
 that the well-to-do live eleven years longer than 
 those who have to work for their daily bread. 
 Those who can afford to work leisurely in-doors 
 outlive those who have to work hard out of doors 
 by ten or fifteen years ; and if there was no Sab- 
 bath it is very clear that the poor would not live 
 as long as they do now. 
 
 342. Whether imprisoned by the power of man 
 or the power of disease, the human mind is capa- 
 ble of rising above its surrounding and making 
 itself immortal. Bunyan dreamed his "Pilgrim's 
 Progress " behind iron bars. Of the same origin 
 was Penn's " No Cross No Crown," and Raleigh's 
 " History of the World ; " while from a sick room 
 came the greatest works of Calvin, the victim of 
 " nine diseases," wife dead and children all gone 
 before ; and Milton, too, old and poor and blind, 
 deserted by his wife, his daughters uncultivated, 
 unaffectionate, unsympathetic, was compelled to 
 live that life of meditative solitude, from which 
 has come the greatest human productions. 
 
 343. Children can never know, until themselves 
 fathers and mothers, how large a gratification the 
 smallest attentions give a parent's heart. 
 
 344. If done at all, let the request of another be 
 granted with your whole heart, it doubles its 
 value to the receiver. 
 
 345. It is deliberate, steady, continuous labor 
 which brings health and strength and a good 
 digestion. 
 
76 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 346. Few things so hurt a parent's feelings as a 
 child's unwilling obedience. 
 
 347. Persons in good health should not eat any 
 article of food simply because another says it is 
 healthy, nor refrain because it is considered un- 
 healthy. Each man must be a rule for himself. 
 
 348. Persons subject to fullness in the head, or 
 a "rush of blood," should sleep with the head 
 elevated ; as also nervous persons, and those who 
 are restless and wakeful, because there is too 
 much blood in the brain, and in that position, 
 gravitation invites it downward and prevents its 
 easy going there. 
 
 349. In a clear frosty morning, the breath, as it 
 escapes from us, is seen to rise upward at once 
 and goes toward the clouds; it is loaded with 
 carbonic acid gas, a deadly poison. Suppose it 
 was heavy instead of light, it would settle on the 
 earth and we would die in a day. 
 
 350. A cultivated and well handled thorough- 
 bred oyster is as much superior to the kind com- 
 monly had in the market, as a Bartlett pear, which 
 almost melts in the mouth, is superior to a scrub 
 seedling. 
 
 351. It is a good gait for a man to walk four 
 miles an hour. A horse may run half a mile in 
 forty seconds, a locomotive a mile in a minute, 
 but the velocity of a steam rail saw at its circum- 
 ference at Sheffield, England, is equal to eighty- 
 six thousand feet a minute, or nearly a thousand 
 miles an hour. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 77 
 
 352. Violent exercise is always hurtful. It is 
 steady, persistent work, which brings roses to the 
 cheek, soundness to the sleep, and an appetite to 
 the stomach. 
 
 353. The great mass of consumptives die 
 under thirty ; and as the disease averages two 
 years after a cough has been established, it 
 clearly follows that the seeds of the disease are 
 sown in a majority of cases during the " teens " 
 of life, owing to the imprudence, thoughtlessness, 
 and ignorance of the young. 
 
 354. As different soils require different fer- 
 tilizers, so different persons require different 
 kinds of food, because the system needs the ele- 
 ment peculiar to that food ; hence the different 
 tastes and " likings" of people. If every one 
 wanted the same article, the world could not sup- 
 ply enough of it. 
 
 355. For the maintenance of vigorous health, 
 out-door exercise is worth more than all medicine. 
 Not the less necessary because it rains. Hence, 
 if it rains take an umbrella and let it rain on. If 
 it is cold, walk or work the harder. If it is 
 windy, turn round and walk the other way. If it 
 rains, hails, snows, and blows all at once, then re- 
 main in doors, and for that day at least live on 
 bread and fruits, then you will not need the ex- 
 ercise. 
 
 356. To impute sinister motives is the most 
 ungenerous of all human traits ; and it is said, 
 " Thou shalt not judge." 
 
78 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 357. Some persons in the pursuit of health, 
 almost scrub the skin off every morning, trot 
 twenty miles a day, engage for hours in imag- 
 inary fisticuffs, climb greased poles at the gym- 
 nasium, turn double somersaults, ape impossible 
 monkey capers, parboil themselves in Turkish 
 steam-baths, and lift every day the weight of two 
 elephants, and all this to be able to eat and di- 
 gest a more enormous dinner. It would be greatly 
 better to take a moderate, plain meal, and save 
 the time expended in all that tomfoolery. 
 
 358. Neither the age nor the race is deterior- 
 ating either in physical stature, bodily endur- 
 ance, or mental power. Palmerston and Vander- 
 bilt, Rothschild and Drew, Thurlow Weed and 
 William B. Astor, are not as old at eighty, as 
 King David was when ten years their junior. 
 Human life doubles the average of the times of 
 the " Good Queen Bess." Napoleon diminished 
 the stature of France to less than five feet three ; 
 it has now returned to its original average of sev- 
 eral inches taller. 
 
 359. Much is said of the strife of the age, of 
 high pressure times ; but it is because there is 
 more to be done that men hurry so ; yet it is so 
 much more easily done, that it does not require 
 half the time to do double work, and men can 
 afford to go to bed earlier and get up .later, and 
 have twice as much done at sundown. Men work 
 harder, but rest more, hence average better health 
 and longer lives. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 79 
 
 360. Debt is a fire which will consume your 
 substance, a viper which will poison your life, 
 a hyena which will eat out your very entrails ; it 
 is a heart without a joy, a face without a smile, 
 a world without a sun. 
 
 361. The motives which the mean man attrib- 
 utes to the actions of another, are the measure of 
 his own. 
 
 362. It is an incalculable cruelty to hold out a 
 hope of help to another when you have no idea 
 of affording any. 
 
 363. Law is everywhere moral and physical. 
 There is even a law of accidents, to the extent 
 that about the same number occur during a 
 specified time, in proportion to the population, 
 whether suicides, sun-spots, commercial panics, 
 sickness, or death. They are wise who make it a 
 point to study the laws of life and being. 
 
 364. Disinfection has to meet two evils : miasms, 
 which are poisonous gases or emanations, and 
 contagions, from an atmosphere impregnated with 
 germ cells, as the spores of yeast and fungi. 
 Copperas meets the former, carbolic acid the lat- 
 ter ; hence a combination of the two is the most 
 efficient disinfectant, and the cheapest. 
 
 365. In almost all forms of ordinary sickness 
 and accidental woundings, the very first things to 
 be secured are rest, warmth, and quietude. Seri- 
 ously injure an animal, and it at once retires from 
 sight and lays down and rests in a warm place. 
 Thus instinct teaches reason. 
 
8O HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 366. No human habitation ought to have a cel- 
 lar under it, because it is universally made the 
 receptacle of every sort of cast-offs and refuse 
 of iron, wood, shoes, clothing, ashes, bones, and 
 vegetables ; these rust, decompose, and rot, send- 
 ing their fumes upward through the floor to poi- 
 son the atmosphere of every room in the house, 
 aggravated by the dampness of the cellar, too 
 many of which have standing water in them 
 the year round, and are without the means of 
 adequate ventilation. 
 
 367. Ozone is in its nature an intensified oxy- 
 gen, and burns up all poisonous and hurtful in- 
 gredients of the air. All know that the air of 
 the country is purer than the air of the town. It 
 is a late discovery that all flowers and green 
 plants generate immense quantities of ozone in 
 the sunshine, hence the tiniest flower-pot in a 
 dwelling is to the extent of its size a health 
 promoter and a life preserver. They are wise 
 who have green plants and beautiful flowers 
 growing on every available space about their 
 dwellings. 
 
 368. Soil saturation is the fruitful cause of in- 
 termittent, remittent, typhoid, and scarlet fevers, 
 as well as diphtheria, all of which therefore are 
 preventable diseases. Hence the communities in 
 which they prevail are responsible for their exist- 
 ence in all cases, because if the ground was prop- 
 erly drained and thereby kept dryer, these mal- 
 adies would be unknown, except in individual 
 cases from accidental or special causes. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 8 1 
 
 369. Hard thinking tires the body more than 
 hard work. 
 
 370. It is becoming more and more noticeable, 
 that cities and large towns, which are supplied 
 with water for drinking and cooking purposes 
 from lakes, rivers, and creeks at a distance, are 
 less affected by zymotic diseases, which arise 
 from filth, than small towns and thickly settled 
 neighborhoods which are dependent on spring 
 or well water, because the soakage from barns, 
 stables, and privies finds its way into them to 
 pollute, to poison, and to destroy. 
 
 371. It is said that circumstances make men, 
 but it is nearer the truth to say that a man makes 
 circumstances. 
 
 372. The man who has the power of success, 
 is he who controls circumstances, instead of al- 
 lowing them to control him. 
 
 373. Instead of submitting to circumstances, 
 our invincible determination shoul'd be to rise 
 superior to them, and use them at will. 
 
 374. The young man who thinks of taking a 
 short cut to fortune, should deliberately write 
 down the names of a dozen of our richest men, and 
 he will find that the largest part of the wealth of 
 the Astors and Browns and Stewarts and Vander- 
 bilts, was accumulated after they had passed their 
 fiftieth year. 
 
 375. In warm weather, the longer you can put 
 off drinking water in the forenoon, the better you 
 will feel at night. 
 
82 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 376. He who ingloriously waits for something 
 to turn up, may have his expectations realized in 
 the next century ; but he is the great captain who 
 makes things turn up. 
 
 377. Take down the names of a dozen men 
 who, by a fortunate turn in stocks, were made 
 millionaires in a day. Some are dead, some have 
 been sent to an asylum, most are poor, none 
 really rich. 
 
 378. To succeed in life, that is, to make money 
 and an honorable name, a man must be brave 
 enough to attempt to overcome any obstacle pre- 
 sented ; hopeful enough to scout, rout, and an- 
 nihilate discouragements ; patient as Job, and 
 persistent as a bull-dog's clutch. 
 
 379. The six cardinal " don'ts " are, don't drink, 
 chew, smoke, swear, deceive, nor go security. 
 
 380. Ice as a remedy, eaten and swallowed in 
 lumps, is the safest and best method of quenching 
 great thirst in health or disease ; pounded and 
 applied in a half filled bag, is the quickest relief 
 in inflammation of the brain, or any part of the 
 body ; and in the form of the coldest water used 
 as an injection, gives instant relief and speedy cure 
 to all forms of diarrhoea and dysentery. 
 
 381. The man who makes it the supreme aim 
 of his existence to accumulate wealth, and to 
 clutch it to his bosom with an idolatry of love, 
 until death releases the grasp, has missed the 
 great end of his being, preparation for heav- 
 en, and has lost his soul. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 83 
 
 382. Ice-water is a comfortable, but an un- 
 healthy and even dangerous drink for summer, 
 for the more you drink the more you have to 
 drink, until a brassy taste and an uncomfortable 
 oppression is observed. One fifth the quantity, 
 swallowed in the shape of small lumps of ice, sat- 
 isfies the thirst. 
 
 383. The mission of life is to make a living 
 here, as a means of securing a living in the great 
 hereafter. 
 
 384. Man was made to work, and it is his dig- 
 nity, just in proportion as it is a means to an end 
 of a useful, honorable, and religious life. 
 
 385. When a man becomes so much engrossed 
 in work and the love of it, that he has neither 
 time nor inclination for reading and study and 
 mental improvement, he has submitted himself to 
 one of the most remorseless and degrading slav- 
 eries, and will never be above a clown in man- 
 ners, feelings, aspirations, or thoughts. 
 
 386. Very few men reach middle life without 
 having committed some folly, improvidence, or 
 indiscretion which it would cause a pang to have 
 proclaimed to the public. It would save many 
 an hour of both physical and mental depression 
 and despondency, if it could be indelibly im- 
 pressed upon the minds of children at an early 
 age, that it would be a noble aim and an honora- 
 ble ambition, never to allow one's self to do any- 
 thing which would give rise to a feeling of shame, 
 if it should come to the knowledge of father or 
 mother. 
 
84 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 387. The sturdy pauper who was kept picking 
 oakum all day, was heard to soliloquize near din- 
 ner-time, " This working between meals is killing 
 me .by inches." It is the incessant working of the 
 stomach between meals which kills it, as far as 
 all efficient labor is concerned ; that is, persons 
 who eat frequently through the day as young 
 girls about the house and some others are apt to 
 do, wear the stomach out, lay the foundation for 
 life-long, tormenting dyspepsia, by eating too 
 often ; for it requires about five hours to digest a 
 meal and pass it out of the stomach, and it can- 
 not rest until the work is done, as long as there 
 is any undigested food in it ; and as no muscle in 
 the body can work all the time, so there should 
 be at least five hours between the three meals of 
 the day ; and even as young as ten years, the 
 habit should be begun of eating nothing what- 
 ever between meals. 
 
 388. It would greatly elevate and add to the 
 efficiency of the farmers of the country, who are 
 its bone and sinew, if some of their time every 
 day was given to brain work ; not to mere read- 
 ing, but the study and investigation of some sub- 
 ject to the extent of thoroughly understanding it ; 
 and nothing would be more appropriate as well 
 as largely remunerative, than the study of botany, 
 which would show them the needs, the capabili- 
 ties, the habits and uses of plants ; or chemistry, 
 so as to adapt their fertilizers to the quality of 
 the soil and the requirements of the crops sown, 
 then they would be men, not boors. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 85 
 
 389. Men are what the works of their hands 
 make them : if they do nothing but eat and 
 drink and sleep and work, as many farmers and 
 laborers do, like the horse and the ox, like them, 
 they are brutal in their natures, and very little 
 above them. 
 
 390. In any peck of eggs, the difference in 
 weight between the largest and the smallest is 
 about one third. 
 
 391. Boiled rice, pigs' feet or tripe .soused, and 
 roasted sweet apple, are more easily digested than 
 any other food, requiring only an hour. Eggs 
 (raw, whipped, boiled, or poached), salmon, trout, 
 barley soup, cole slaw, and venison steak, require 
 an hour and a half or more ; roast-beef, three and 
 a half hours ; pork and boiled cabbage, five hours. 
 
 392. Bruises, Burns, and Cuts. The one great 
 point is to keep out the air with flour in burns ; 
 a bit of court-plaster for cuts, to bring the sides 
 of the wound together and keep them so. For 
 bruises, wash clean and keep on wet cloths, re- 
 peated every five minutes until easy. 
 
 393. Nuts after a meal promote digestion ; if 
 too many have been eaten take salt freely. 
 
 394. The best protection of the old against 
 pneumonia and other dangerous maladies of win- 
 ter is found in warm rooms and in warm clothing. 
 
 395. Mustard-plasters are best made by simply 
 mixing the white of eggs with the mustard so as 
 to make a paste ; it is very powerful, but does 
 not break the skin. 
 
86 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 396. The whole solar system of worlds in the 
 wonders of its construction and the wisdom of its 
 laws, does not surpass the mechanism of the hu- 
 man frame in the accuracy of its operations, and 
 the beautiful adaptation of means to ends. 
 
 397. The strength necessary to lift a ton of two 
 thousand pounds, one foot high, is called a foot- 
 ton ; the strength which the heart expends every 
 twenty-four hours, in propelling the blood to the 
 most distant parts of the body, is computed to 
 amount to one hundred and twenty-four thousand 
 foot-tons ; and yet this entire mechanism, whose 
 average weight is half a pound, nine and one-third 
 ounces, does one quarter more work in a given 
 time than all the muscles of the body in rowing a 
 boat. The most active climber can raise himself 
 a thousand feet in an hour ; the best locomotive, 
 three thousand feet ; the heart, twenty thousand, 
 so wonderful is the workmanship of the Divine 
 Artificer. 
 
 398. That young person is a hero, and will 
 stand distinguished in after-life, who has the cour- 
 age never to purchase a meal or a garment until 
 self-earned money is in the hand ready to be paid 
 for them. 
 
 399. The Milesian was not wholly wrong who 
 said, " If a Yankee was left on an uninhabited isl- 
 and to-night, he would be offering newspapers 
 next morning to every one he met." It is Anglo- 
 Saxon energy and enterprise which have accom- 
 plished some of the grandest achievements. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 8/ 
 
 400. It ought to have a constant repetition, that 
 hard study, severe mental application, and accu- 
 mulated responsibilities, do not wear out the 
 brain, do not impair its functions, do not cause 
 softening, apoplexy, and nervous exhaustion ; 
 the great one cause is eating too much and exer- 
 cising too little. 
 
 401. Bad boys make bad men when left alone 
 to develop themselves ; but many of them can be 
 reclaimed by kind words, by encouraging words, 
 by appealing to their better nature, their manli- 
 ness and their generosity ; then show them how 
 to earn, and how to economize, and they are safe 
 for all time. 
 
 402. The excessive pain of a hollow tooth is 
 sometimes instantly removed by reducing to a 
 powder equal quantities of salt and alum, dip into 
 the mixture a moistened bit of cotton and fill up 
 the cavity ; or by entering a dentist's office, or 
 by a good dinner, or a fire-alarm, the last three 
 cures are temporary : excitement has diminished 
 the volume of blood in the tooth, by sending it in 
 large quantities to the surface and extremities ; 
 this is on the principle of derivation : all pain 
 arises from an undue amount of blood at the part ; 
 attract it to some other place by the application of 
 a mustard-plaster, for example, and relief is speedy. 
 
 403. We owe it to society as well as to our own 
 respect, to be increasingly on our guard on the 
 downhill of life, to sedulously watch against un- 
 tidiness in person or dress. 
 
88 HO IV TO LIFE LONG. 
 
 404. Unexpected ludicrosities are as efficient 
 as pills sometimes in " shaking up " the system as 
 a step toward its purification. "How did you 
 feel, my man, when the cold waves broke over 
 you ? " " Wet, ma'am, very wet." Said an angry 
 captain to an untidy soldier, " How long do you 
 wear your shirt, Patrick ? " " Twenty-eight inches, 
 your honor." 
 
 405. To have the "tantrums," is to be acting 
 in a passionate, spiteful, belittling, and unreason- 
 ing manner, observable in domestic life. The 
 humbling remedy is, say nothing, and take no 
 notice of manifestations which do not belong to 
 the cultivated and refined. 
 
 406. At three-score the "troops of friends" 
 of early life have dwindled to "few and far be- 
 tween." Most have died ; many moved away ; 
 some have risen and dropped us ; others have 
 fallen and we have dropped them ; estrangements 
 from a great variety of causes have come in be- 
 tween us, and it is only here and there that the 
 loves of our youth remain unimpaired. Then it 
 is, that as each one dies we feel it to be an in- 
 dividual, personal loss, and in our sadness, the 
 thought sweeps across us, that we shall follow 
 soon. They are wise who begin in adult life to 
 brighten the friendships of youth, and never 
 break one without mature deliberation. 
 
 407. Retiring from business. Giving up ! A 
 man will never give up till he is dead and the 
 coffin screwed down. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 89 
 
 408. Of two men in the same community, one 
 depending wholly on his daily labor for subsist- 
 ence, the other worth a million, of the same age, 
 in good health, and esteemed for their integrity, 
 the poor man who has an unquestioning faith in 
 the efficacy of prayer is infinitely happier than his 
 rich neighbor, who holds that all help is in himself, 
 and has no faith in the providence of God. 
 
 409. Men may be physically old at three-score, 
 but need not be so mentally until beyond eighty 
 or ninety. In a healthy body the mind gets 
 steadily stronger, greater, more magnificent in its 
 accomplishment, for a score or two of years after 
 the first half century. After he was eighty, 
 Palmerston showed no signs of mental weakness, 
 and rode twenty miles a day on horseback for ex- 
 ercise. Disraeli at seventy shows not the slight- 
 est sign of "giving up" the leadership of the 
 greatest nation on the earth's surface. Longfellow, 
 and Whittier, and Holmes, and Draper, and Pro- 
 fessor Henry, all nearing three-score and ten, are 
 not tired of life yet, nor tired of work, but they 
 feel able to do and dare greater things ; and Car- 
 lisle, and Thurlow Weed, and Reverdy Johnson, 
 near eighty, are still great captains among men 
 of mind. 
 
 410. The pleasure of a letter is diminished in 
 proportion to the carelessness of the hand writ- 
 ing. Never begin a letter with a "sorry," "re- 
 gret," or " pain," and always close it courteously 
 or kindly. 
 
QO HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 411. There should be a fire kindled in at least 
 one room in every house at sunrise and sunset 
 from the first of October, and in the spring up to 
 the first day of June ; for every chilly sensation, 
 even if it be but for a second, shows that a cold 
 has been taken ; a fever follows every cold, and 
 that is disease. 
 
 412. Whenever a lady feels that a shawl is com- 
 fortable in her house, then she may be sure that 
 there should be a good fire somewhere. 
 
 413. Too early and too late, causes many a 
 tedious illness, many a premature death : putting 
 out house-fires too early in the spring, and defer- 
 ring their kindling too long in the fall, the 
 former gives rise to spring fevers, the latter to 
 colds or agues, which are to worry and annoy all 
 winter. 
 
 414. Fever is the reaction of cold or a chill, 
 and is as inevitable as the swinging of a pendu- 
 lum to the other side. 
 
 415. Some men are wittiest, or most eloquent, 
 when the brain is under the excitement caused 
 by liquor ; some spinal and nervous diseases 
 greatly stimulate the brain. The extraordinary 
 eloquence of Robert Hall was partly owing to a 
 diseased spine. A blister plaster enables some 
 men to reach heights of thought, not otherwise 
 possible ; but it is always dangerous to follow 
 such. 
 
 416. It is what a man is, which makes him 
 truly great. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 91 
 
 417. John Timbs died in 1875, near four-score, 
 the author of a hundred and forty volumes in the 
 British Museum ; some of them works of great 
 value, and to write which required untiring indus- 
 try, varied and rare attainments. Few men 
 worked harder or more conscientiously. But 
 John Timbs died so poor that he was dependent 
 .on the gratuitous assistance of his friends. This 
 
 shows that hard and honest labor is not always 
 adequately rewarded in this world. He filled a 
 place and filled it well, and happy are they who 
 do the same ; for they will not lose the reward of 
 Him who has a work for each to perform, and al- 
 ways bless_es him who does it willingly and well. 
 
 418. The way to greatness is through difficulty. 
 
 419. Fresh air and a glass of spring water are 
 thought of with delight ; and yet the latter has 
 killed in an hour, and the former has caused 
 weeks and months of sickness and suffering. 
 They are only good in their place, both danger- 
 ous to one who is in a profuse perspiration. 
 
 420. The fresh air of a summer's sunrise, and 
 the " delightful " breezes of an autumn sunset, are 
 always loaded with poisons, in proportion to the 
 flatness of the land, the dampness of the atmos- 
 phere, and the warmth of the weather ; the anti- 
 dote, Do not be exposed to either on an empty 
 stomach or when tired. 
 
 421. The longer the answer to a letter is de- 
 layed the more distasteful and difficult does it 
 become to answer it. 
 
92 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 422. Never mention the name of a person in 
 a letter, against whom there is made any adverse 
 statement, for you can never tell into whose 
 hands that letter may fall. 
 
 423. There are many large hearts among the 
 rich and fashionable of New York, who make the 
 rarest flowers at parties and weddings and recep- 
 tions do double duty, by having them promptly 
 distributed among the sick and poor in their 
 neighborhood or in public institutions. 
 
 424. It is questionable whether an apology is 
 ever wholly unconnected with a falsehood. 
 
 425. I know a business man of fifty who walks 
 a mile twice every day of his life to see his 
 mother, who is now beyond four-score. How her 
 old heart must be cheered and warmed at every 
 such evidence of filial love and remembrance. 
 Who does not hope they will meet in heaven at 
 last and part no more. 
 
 426. When a man asks you a favor and you are 
 unable or unwilling to grant it, if you have a spark 
 of humanity or generosity about you, say " No," 
 as an act of justice to him. If you give him an 
 indefinite answer, or hold out the idea that you 
 may meet his views, when you have no thought 
 of doing so, you are uttering a deliberate false- 
 hood : you are holding out hopes which are not 
 to be realized, and are preventing him from using 
 all his energies in another direction ; for if he 
 has some expectation of help from you, he will 
 less earnestly solicit aid from another. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 93 
 
 427. When you have gone out into the great 
 world to strike for your own fortune, far away 
 from the old folks at home, write to them at 
 stated periods, and never let anything short of 
 serious illness prevent it : it may be every week, 
 or month, or more, but let it be punctually done. 
 You would do this if you knew the happiness it 
 would give them in looking forward to the time 
 of getting the letter, the satisfaction which would 
 fill the heart while preparing to open it, and the 
 interest in every line, in every word, and all this 
 to be repeated, you know not how many times, 
 before the next letter comes. 
 
 428. The best and easiest time for answering 
 an ordinary letter, is the moment after you have 
 read it, when the impressions it has made are 
 fresh. 
 
 429. Early, rapid, and great success in life, is 
 almost always temporary, and ends in disastrous, - 
 if not ignominious failure ; as witness Napoleon, 
 and Pitt, and Byron, and the great Marlborough. 
 
 430. Many of the most distinguished names 
 in the world's history, were nearly half a century 
 in attracting the admiring notice of mankind ; as 
 witness Cromwell and Cavour, and Bismarck and 
 Palmerston, and the elder Beecher. But their star 
 will never die ; their works, their influence on the 
 age in which they lived, will be perpetuated to 
 remote generations. This should be encourage- 
 ment to all the plodders, for their time may 
 come. 
 
94 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 431. Only about one person in twenty becomes 
 hydrophobia after being bitten by a mad dog ; 
 showing that in order to make the bite "take," 
 there must.be some peculiarity in the system at 
 the time which responds to the biting. 
 
 432. As the traveller is often placed in positions 
 requiring assistance, and is thrown on his own re- 
 sources, the following items may be impressed on 
 the memory to advantage : I. If scalded, plunge 
 the part in water ; this relieves pain instantly and 
 gives time and composure. 2. If anything gets 
 into the eye, never rub it, because that imbeds it 
 more immovably in the soft substance ; take the 
 handle of a pencil, put it on a line with the edge 
 of the eyelash, which draw over the pencil ; the 
 offending particle is readily seen, to be removed 
 with the corner of a handkerchief. 3. If the 
 blood comes out in a steady stream from a wound, 
 tie a handkerchief below the wound ; if it comes 
 out by jerks, tie it above ; tie a double knot loose 
 around, then another double knot near the former, 
 insert a stick and turn it round until the blood 
 ceases and hold it thus. 4. An insect in the ear 
 may be drowned out with tepid water or smothered 
 with sweet oil ; if a hard thing, double a horse- 
 hair, lay the head on one side, drop in the loop, 
 until it catches, and draw it out. 5. If clothing is 
 on fire, lie down flat, instantly, to save the face, 
 and then envelop with woolen carpet, or blanket, 
 or overcoat. 6. Smother burning oil with woolen ; 
 water only spreads it. 7. If the room is on fire, 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 95 
 
 wrap a woolen blanket around you and over your 
 head. 8. If smoke is suffocating you, fall on the 
 floor and crawl out on your hands and knees. 
 9. Suck a wound instantly, if your lip is not 
 sore, and you suspect a poisonous bite. 10. If 
 the throat burns after swallowing a poison, drink 
 sweet oil. n. If you are falling asleep from 
 a poison, drink half a glass of water, into which 
 has been stirred a full teaspoon each of salt and 
 mustard, and after vomiting drink the strongest 
 coffee and keep in motion until perfectly awake ; 
 after any poison swallow one or two raw eggs. 
 12. If taken senseless and there is loud snoring, 
 and red face, it is apoplexy, raise the head ; if 
 the face is pale as a sheet and no breath, it is 
 fainting ; place the body perfectly flat and it will 
 come to, - nothing else is ever necessary. 
 
 433. It is the duty of the rich to give liberally ; 
 it would be inconsistency in them to worship their 
 Maker in a meaner mansion than their own. 
 Their homes, their churches, their places of 
 amusement, and their hotels, should be all of a 
 piece ; their surroundings should be uniformly 
 elegant ; it is a charity and a patriotism, for it 
 promotes trade and encourages enterprise. 
 
 434. It is an incalculable solace in old age and 
 in the last sickness, to be able to think of kind 
 things said and done to others ; and the earlier we 
 begin to practice these things the happier will we 
 be in life. 
 
 435. Never write a letter in a passion. 
 
96 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 436. We carefully lay aside our newspapers and 
 magazines and pictorials, for -future reference or 
 binding ; but how useless the care and the expense 
 uniform experience will testify, for seldom, indeed, 
 are the leaves ever turned over again ; yet all the 
 information and gratification and amusement they 
 afforded you would have been repeated to the 
 poor and the prisoner, to whom you might have 
 sent them ; and notably to the sick and the unfor- 
 tunate insane, to while away many a sad and weary 
 and hopeless hour, or to be a feast to a starving 
 mind, besides compelling it away from the con- 
 templation of its own wretchedness. 
 
 437. The railings against the rich, spring from 
 a low, ungenerous envy. We look at their princely 
 dwellings, their splendid equipages, their magnifi- 
 cent dress, and their costly adornments, and feel 
 assured that if we were in their place we would 
 live at less cost and give more to the poor, forget- 
 ting that they give the whole cost of these to the 
 poor, with this difference : they give their money 
 to the poor whose work made all these things and 
 thus encourage industry, while we, if we gave any- 
 thing at all, would give as a gratuity, and thus en- 
 courage idleness, unthrift, and beggary. 
 
 438. In your intercourse with men, if you mean 
 a " No," be manly enough to speak it, yet gener- 
 ous enough to refuse with a kindly courtesy. 
 
 439. The greatest intellects are among those 
 who added most to their greatness and " fixed " 
 it, late in life. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 97 
 
 440. There are two churches on Fifth Avenue 
 which have cost a million dollars each, and a ca- 
 thedral to be finished soon, at double the expense. 
 Many, even good persons, have exclaimed, "To 
 what purpose is this waste ? " They were built at 
 a time when thousands willing to work were al- 
 most starving ; and thus kept a multitude of fam- 
 ilies from beggary, while hundreds of thousands 
 of dollars were expended at that very time in feed- 
 ing those who could get no work to do. Besides, 
 suppose it does cost a million of dollars to build a 
 splendid church, accommodating over two thou- 
 sand hearers, it will serve as a church a hundred 
 years hence. Many a private mansion costs a 
 hundred thousand dollars, and only ten of these 
 would build a church. David left five thousand 
 million of dollars to build the Temple. 
 
 441. The best poultices are those which keep 
 moist longest. Irish moss is inodorous, does not 
 slip, nor sour, nor grease, nor stain, and need not 
 be renewed for eighteen hours. 
 
 442. Few men have the courage adequate to 
 two things, to say " I don't know," and to 
 frankly and promptly accept whole facts, which 
 sweep away a favorite theory. 
 
 443. From forty years and onwards, with a 
 good physical constitution, a mind for research 
 can grow steadily, in acumen and vigor, until be- 
 yond four-score. 
 
 444. He is the greatest who has done the most 
 good to humanity. 
 
 7 
 
98 BOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 445. The real food of plants seems to be pre- 
 cipitated from the humus of the soil, when harts- 
 horn water is added to it, and is seen as a fine 
 black matter at the bottom of the vessel. Hence 
 rain and snow (which is frozen rain), which con- 
 tain hartshorn, are the great enrichers of the 
 soil. All farmers understand that the deeper the 
 snows, the more fruitful will be their crops the 
 following summer ; but while hartshorn is food 
 for plants, phosphorus is the food on which the 
 brain of man feeds and grows strong and active 
 fish and eggs abound largely in this important 
 ingredient. 
 
 446. It is a grievous error, on the part of many 
 in this country, to act on the supposition that a 
 minister of the Gospel begins to be incapacitated 
 for the duties of his office earlier than the lawyer, 
 the physician, or the financier. The most eminent 
 physicians of the century had quite as much the 
 confidence of their patients at four-score as at 
 any previous time. Carlisle in history, Lyell in 
 geology, Marshall on the bench, and Astor and 
 Stewart and Vanderbilt in finance, are still pre- 
 eminent about four-score ; and there is no neces- 
 sary reason why clergymen should not fill their 
 position ably, if kept pecuniarily easy from the 
 age of fifty. 
 
 447. It is the brooding over one disagreeable 
 thing which fills our mad-houses, it being the 
 result of want of force of character sufficient to* 
 tear the mind away from the all-absorbing idea. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 99 
 
 448. Unfermented wine, properly prepared, con- 
 sists of three quarters water and one of sugar, 
 but no alcohol ; but it should be kept in a cool 
 place in glass bottles, well stopped and placed 
 upside down. 
 
 449. If a person falls down, snores, and is in- 
 sensible, it is apoplexy ; place him in a sitting 
 position, for this favors the flow of excess of 
 blood from the head by gravity ; if the face is 
 pale, body motionless, and breathing not appre- 
 ciable, it is a faint, because the blood from some 
 reason 'does not reach the brain from the lungs ; 
 this is favored by placing the patient flat on his 
 back, then let him alone ; this position enables the 
 heart to send the blood to the head with less 
 effort, being on a horizontal line, than if at right 
 angles as in a sitting position. If a person falls 
 into convulsions, seemingly senseless, with violent 
 contortions, it is epilepsy, that is, St. Vitus' dance ; 
 do nothing except to prevent him injuring him- 
 self and he will soon come to. If one falls 
 senseless from excessive heat, skin warm and 
 dry, it is sun-stroke ; set him up in the shade, and 
 pour streams of cold water on the head, not con- 
 tinuously on one spot, until relieved. Egyptians 
 pour cold salt-water over the head and ears. 
 
 450. Work is a discipline, yet like all other 
 disciplines, elevates, ennobles, and gives power 
 for high achievements ; and happy is he who en- 
 gages in it as a means of attaining greater things, 
 here and beyond Time's boundary. 
 
100 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 451. Not one article of the winter clothing of 
 the old, the frail, or the feeble, should be laid 
 aside, until fires have been unnecessary for a 
 week ; for north of thirty-eight degrees, the even- 
 ings and mornings are often uncomfortably cool, 
 until near the first of June. 
 
 452. It is estimated that the " soothing syrup," 
 sold annually in the United States, contains fif- 
 teen million grains of morphine, all of which is 
 given to infants without the advice of a physi- 
 cian. Less than ten grains at a dose will kill a 
 man ; and yet because it " quiets " crying or fret- 
 ful infants, it is freely given by inconsiderate 
 parents and reckless nurses, destroying infantile 
 life in very many unsuspected cases ; in others 
 causing convulsions, water on the brain, and a 
 great variety of hidden and fatal diseases. 
 
 453. Such is Almighty beneficence, that bless- 
 ing was mingled with the original curse, " In the 
 sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread," for work 
 is made an interest and a pleasure for what it 
 brings, and they are glorious things : health, 
 strength, sleep, the enjoyment of eating and 
 drinking, the comforts of a happy home, and lei- 
 sure to prepare for worlds beyond. 
 
 454. Those who begin life rich, often die poor. 
 It is a rare thing for the grandchildren of a 
 wealthy man to enjoy his fortune ; it is the boy 
 who begins life without a dollar, who oftenest 
 rises to become an associate with the magnates 
 in finance, politics, and the professions. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. IOI 
 
 455. Although perfect happiness is not of this 
 world, yet there are those who live from year to 
 year under circumstances of very great enjoy- 
 ment, even although every day may have its tran- 
 sitory cloud. " Since I have known the Gospel, 
 I have been as happy as an angel," said Lady 
 Hastings to the Countess of Huntingdon. This 
 was not a happiness* of continuous ecstasy, but 
 of that quiet, abiding kind, which so materially 
 adds to the length of human life. It is fret, and 
 worry, and impatience, and spasmodic fits of pas- 
 sion and anger, which curtail human life. 
 
 456. Slang phrases are often very suggestive, 
 and tell more under the circumstances than a 
 much larger number of the most expressive words 
 in the language ; and they many times add 
 piquancy and mirthfulness to conversation ; at the 
 same time no cultivated person can possibly use 
 them without lowering his self-respect and losing 
 somewhat of the respect which those of his class 
 have had toward him. 
 
 457. In building a new house, or changing a 
 residence where the water supply is not from res- 
 ervoirs or cisterns, it should be ascertained with 
 the utmost certainty that the bottom of the spring 
 or well is higher than the privies and stables and 
 barn-yards of the neighbors, for as the country 
 becomes more thickly settled, insidious and fatal 
 forms of decline and typhoid fevers are more and 
 more common, and are traceable directly to using 
 water drained from such localities. 
 
IO2 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 458. Up to forty the system bears sudden 
 changes of temperature better than at a later 
 period ; for close observation has shown that 
 while two persons die from that cause at thirty- 
 nine, four die at forty-eight out of the same num- 
 ber of individuals ; eight at fifty-seven, sixteen at 
 sixty-six, thirty-two at seventy-five, sixty-four at 
 eight-four, thus doubling every nine years ; hence 
 the older we get, the more imperative is the ne- 
 cessity for guarding against sudden changes of 
 temperature, by arranging to keep comfortably 
 warm all the time, without a moment's intermis- 
 sion, and especially avoid exposure to cold damp 
 winds. 
 
 459. Whenever the mind is noticed to be ab- 
 sorbed on any subject day and night, manifested 
 by talking about it and nothing else, immediate 
 measures should be taken to divert the attention 
 to other things, by travel or otherwise. 
 
 460. Insanity is literally " without health," but 
 it is always applied to the mind, and means look- 
 ing at things in undue proportions, caused by 
 some department of the brain being too active in 
 consequence of too much blood being there, at- 
 tracted or drawn thereto by thinking too much 
 and too intensely on one subject, as in devising 
 perpetual motion, squaring the circle, or other 
 intricate undecided questions or problems ; or the 
 too steady contemplation of ruined fortunes, 
 blasted reputation, family disgrace, disappointed 
 love, or personal bereavement. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 1 03 
 
 461. To be content to live on a salary and 
 thus be dependent for a living on the whim or 
 caprice of another, is the mark of an ignoble 
 mind, for it implies a want of proper self respect, 
 and of an independent spirit, and its tendency is 
 to induce a fawning, cringing, and subservient 
 disposition. 
 
 462. Burning charcoal absorbs twenty-five times 
 its bulk of carbonic acid gas in twenty-four hours ; 
 hence may be used advantageously in wells or 
 pits, where this deadly gas abounds. 
 
 463. It is said that if a man blows his breath 
 into the nose of a colt or calf, the animal will fol- 
 low him for miles. 
 
 464. Moses enjoined, thirty-three centuries ago, 
 that the beard should not be " marred ; " a flowing 
 beard protects the throat from being chilled by 
 cold, raw winds, keeps it warm in winter, cools it 
 in summer, and acts as a strainer to the air, detain- 
 ing in its meshes much of the dust and poisonous 
 germs which impregnate the atmosphere at all 
 seasons, especially in warm weather. 
 
 465. In moving into a house supplied with water 
 by newly laid lead pipes, none should be used for 
 cooking or drinking purposes for at least one 
 month, so as to allow a protecting surface to be 
 formed on the inside of the pipes from chemical 
 changes which the passing water soon effects. 
 
 466. Putting the finger on or inside the nose of 
 a horse soothes the animal, as stroking does the 
 head of a child. 
 
104 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 467. Some persons fall to sleep more readily if 
 they eat a little just before retiring, because the 
 digestion of the food attracts the blood to the 
 stomach from the head, thus relieving the brain of 
 that extra amount of blood which was the cause of 
 the sleeplessness. In these and similar cases, rest- 
 ing the head on two or three pillows answers a 
 good purpose, as gravity promotes the descent of 
 the blood. 
 
 468. Steel grinders, workers in metals, stone- 
 cutters, steam engineers, glass-blowers, and fire- 
 men should wear full beards, because they filter 
 the air and detain particles, which entering the 
 lungs would destroy life, besides moderating 
 the heat and tempering the cold air before it is 
 breathed. 
 
 469. If a splinter or anything else is run into 
 hand, or foot, or body, remove it, then take a stick 
 or handle of a knife or tool and tap gently on the 
 wound, in spite of the hurting, and continue it un- 
 til the part becomes numb and bleeds freely, then 
 cover with any cerate and spread on a bit of linen 
 rag ; the bleeding keeps down the inflammation 
 and the healing is certain and rapid. 
 
 470. The largest number of suicides among men 
 occur between the ages of twenty-five and fifty- 
 five ; among women, from twenty-five to thirty-five ; 
 decreasing toward eighty, with a slight increase 
 after that ; there is a proportion of one during 
 growth, twelve during maturity, and four at the 
 time of mental and bodily decline. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. IO5 
 
 471. There is a bliss in the act of going to sleep, 
 of which we are conscious only when we happen 
 to be waked up just before we become oblivious 
 of all that is around us ; and there are the very 
 strongest physiological reasons for believing that 
 this is the identical act of dying ; the only differ- 
 ence being that in the latter, we wake no more in 
 life. So that it is not all a myth, the " bliss of dy- 
 ing." 
 
 472. A man of great distinction was once 
 brought back from the utmost verge of life. His 
 representations were that the last remembered 
 sensations of which he was conscious were, that 
 he was listening to the most ravishing strains of 
 music. Let us all cherish the thought that this 
 will be our ending in mode and manner. 
 
 473. Coffee has a volatile aroma, which the 
 Americans boil away, and a fixed principle which 
 the French throw away. Both may be preserved 
 thus : pour boiling water on ground coffee in a 
 strainer and drink it for to-day ; but immediately 
 put the grounds in warm water to soak until next 
 day, then pour boiling water on it and strain it ; to 
 this add the coffee made as at first, from the fresh 
 material, and so on. 
 
 474. The first step towards curing human mala- 
 dies, is to find the cause and remove it. A close 
 observation and good judgment are essential in 
 this direction. 
 
 475. The ultimate object of life below should 
 be to secure a life above. 
 
IO6 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 476. Our children owe us much, but we derive 
 much from them in return, for the happiness we 
 have in them antagonizes half the sorrows of life. 
 
 477. The outwardly prosperous are not always 
 the inwardly serene ; while the unfortunate may 
 have abidingly, that " peace which passeth all un- 
 derstanding," only if there be trust in God. 
 
 478. That is the happiest home where loving 
 courtesies are habitual with every member of the 
 family. 
 
 479. A little child said one day, " Mother, you 
 say prayer is talking to God ; then I won't talk 
 with Him, because if He gets acquainted with me, 
 He might like me so much as to want me to live 
 with Him ; then I would have to leave you." It 
 would be happy for us all to make that acquaint- 
 ance early and close. 
 
 480. Natural death is the gradual wearing out 
 of the machine of life ; that which is the result of 
 sickness, violence, or accident is unnatural. 
 
 481. Girls ! do the first thing that offers, do it 
 well, and you will inevitably rise. A famous act- 
 ress began by being a nurse ; and a noted artist 
 found out that she could paint, by working at em- 
 broidery for a living. 
 
 482. " How human greatness pales away before 
 a sick bed ; " said Jules Janin, the last week of 
 his life. " I suppose I am celebrated as a great 
 writer and a member of the Academy, but I would 
 renounce all that glory to be able to walk around 
 this room without assistance." 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 1 07 
 
 483. Lean people live longest ; fat people are 
 never healthy long, for fat is a disease ; it is a 
 dropsy of oil instead of water. The English fatten 
 over the stomach ; the bushwomen of Southern 
 Africa about the thighs ; the Germans all over ; 
 a genuine Yankee, nowhere. 
 
 484. Presence of mind is often the best life pre- 
 server. 
 
 485. A great painter was once asked by a pupil 
 how to mix his colors ? " With brains," was the 
 answer. We may know the rules for doing many 
 things, but besides these, there is always needed 
 judgment, skill, and tact ; hence, the first trial for 
 doing anything is scarcely ever a perfect success, 
 but practice accomplishes the object in the end. 
 
 486. It is reported by Professor Chevalier that 
 he was called to see a young man who had made 
 a wager that he could smoke twelve cigars with- 
 out stopping ; after the ninth, he felt giddy and 
 began to shiver ; but insisted on finishing, which 
 he did, and died that night. This is on a par with 
 the little girl in Pennsylvania, who undertook to 
 eat twelve saucerfulls of ice-cream, which she did, 
 and died. These facts do not prove that smoking 
 cigars or eating ice-cream in moderation, are in- 
 jurious. 
 
 487. A natural appetite is satisfied with about 
 the same amount for a lifetime ; an acquired taste 
 demands a constant increase in quantity, quality, 
 or frequency. The taste for liquor or tobacco is 
 always acquired, and is always dangerous. 
 
IO8 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 488. There are two hundred and eight bones in 
 the human body, more than one half of which are 
 in the arms and legs. 
 
 489. The English House of Parliament is sup- 
 plied with air which has to pass through a layer 
 of common raw cotton, which soon becomes of a 
 murky brown color, heavy and thick with dust and 
 organic impurities, of which country air has less 
 than half the quantity. 
 
 490. It is not wise to pride ourselves upon our 
 greater knowledge over those who lived a hundred 
 or a thousand years ago. A tanner's shop at Pom- 
 peii has recently been found to contain tools of 
 the art very closely resembling those of the pres- 
 ent day. 
 
 491. A bunch of flowers, a snow-white table 
 spread at breakfast, dinner, and supper, with genial 
 courtesies, how they gladden, elevate, purify, 
 and refine. 
 
 492. To listen at a crack, to peep through a 
 keyhole, or to read a letter to another unauthor- 
 ized ; these three are among the greatest of 
 meannesses. 
 
 493. It would revolutionize society if each one 
 were to consider sacred to secrecy the ill remarks 
 heard of another, and make it a point to repeat 
 only the pleasant things said of others. 
 
 494. Women require more sleep than men, and 
 fat people more than thin. 
 
 495. Eat thrice a day only and not an atom be- 
 tween meals, and thus avoid dyspepsia. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. IOQ 
 
 496. The young commit suicide on the spur of 
 the moment, the adult only after mature delibera- 
 tion, as a general rule. 
 
 497. It is useless to attempt the cure of any 
 malady without first ascertaining and removing 
 the cause. 
 
 498. Bacteria and other germs which fill the 
 air in warm weather, are very poisonous to all ex- 
 posed sores, but if the surface is washed with 
 camphorated spirits they are utterly destroyed ; 
 hence the first effort in the cure of any wound is 
 to keep it perfectly clean by frequent washings. 
 
 499. The best time for bathing is about an 
 hour before breakfast or supper, never within two 
 hours after a regular meal. Exercise very moder- 
 ately in the water ; do not remain until chilly or 
 tired ; come out while still fresh and vigorous, wipe 
 dry, and dress quickly. Bathing under a hot sun 
 is always dangerous, and so is going into the 
 water while feeling very warm or in a profuse per- 
 spiration ; always cool off, before a bath, whether 
 in-doors or out. After all, the best remedy for 
 sea-sickness is a resolute determination to remain 
 on deck, if the weather admits ; if not, remain in 
 your berth until it does ; the vomiting induced is 
 at the very foundation of a beneficial sea voyage. 
 
 500. Relative knowledge is sometimes very sat- . 
 isfactory. You look over your church, and, com- 
 pared to your own family apartment, it seems 
 large, holding perhaps a thousand persons, most 
 country churches half that number, but St. 
 Peter's in Rome holds 54,000. 
 
1 10 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 501. Live behind your income and not ahead 
 of it ; that is, arrange that your money shall be 
 expended for present, instead of past purchases ; 
 the advantages are, you can get what you want on 
 better terms ; dealers will be always glad to see 
 you ; you will never be afraid or ashamed to see 
 them, and you will enjoy the ineffable felicity of 
 being out of debt. 
 
 502. Keep ahead of your work instead of allow- 
 ing your work to keep ahead of you. 
 
 503. Each one would do well to remember the 
 size of his native State in square miles, and then 
 he can compare it with any country in which he 
 may happen to be. New York State, for example, 
 covers 44,000 square miles ; and doubtless the 
 reader will feel a surprise in learning that it is 
 four times as large as the whole land of Palestine. 
 England contains 51,000 square miles, the whole 
 Island 90,000. Great Britain and Ireland together 
 are not as large as the State of Iowa. 
 
 504. To have an abiding faith in an overruling 
 Providence in sickness, is worth all medicine ; it 
 is a mine of happiness, exhaustless and pure ; a 
 " balm in Gilead," a physical anodyne, and of the 
 sorrows of the mind as well. 
 
 505. Nature has given to every one capital 
 enough to make a success in life, the capital of 
 health and strength ; and a rational care for the 
 preservation of the former, with a judicious ex- 
 penditure of the latter, would insure every man 
 a comfortable competency to a green old age. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. Ill 
 
 506. The causes of a very large number of dis- 
 eases are not inherent, but are the result of ig- 
 norance or inattention to our modes of living. 
 
 507. The study of the physiology of the hu- 
 man body, should be an essential part of the edu- 
 cation of the young, especially girls. 
 
 508. The best time to eat fruits is half an hour 
 before a regular meal, for then, the healthful acid 
 is absorbed and carried direct into the circulation ; 
 but if eaten after a meal, it is so diluted as to be 
 of comparatively small benefit. 
 
 509. Never take a cold bath while tired, nor 
 less than two hours after a regular meal. 
 
 510. It is suicidal to sleep or remain a great 
 part of one's time in a room, however tidy or 
 elegant, into which the sun cannot shine for sev- 
 eral hours every day. 
 
 511. The teeth should be well brushed on ris- 
 ing in the morning, and rinsed well with lime-water 
 or soap-suds, to antagonize any acids which may 
 have been formed during the night ; brush them 
 well again soon after the last meal of the day ; 
 for if it is delayed until bed-time, the mouth has 
 been kept unclean for four or five hours use- 
 lessly ; this, with simply rinsing the mouth well 
 after each meal, is sufficient to keep the teeth in 
 good condition. 
 
 512. The young man who is very fastidious in 
 the choice of the girl he would wish to marry, is 
 generally so far from perfection himself, that his 
 ambition amounts to an impudence. 
 
112 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 513. If chilly before bed-time, it is far better 
 to be warmed by exercise than over a roasting 
 fire. 
 
 514. The grand scale of European churches 
 may be better comprehended by considering that 
 very few churches in New York, or other large 
 cities, hold more than 1,500 persons. The follow- 
 ing table will interest many ; beginning with St. 
 Peter's Church at Rome, which holds 54,000 per- 
 sons, while in the " piazzas," half a million hu- 
 man beings can gather. 
 
 Persons. Square yards. 
 
 St. Peter's 54,ooo 13,500 
 
 Milan Cathedral 37,ooo 9.250 
 
 St. Paul's, at Rome 32,000 8,coo 
 
 St. Paul's, at London 35>6oo 6,400 
 
 St. Petronio, at Bologna 24,400 6,100 
 
 Florence Cathedral 24,300 6,075 
 
 Antwerp Cathedral 24,000 6,000 
 
 St. Sophia's, Constantinople .... 23,000 5>75O 
 
 St. John Lateran 22,900 5,725 
 
 Notre Dame, at Paris 21,000 5> 2 5 
 
 Pisa Cathedral 13,000 3> 2 5O 
 
 St. Stephen's, at Vienna 12,400 3,100 
 
 St. Dominic's, at Bologna 12,000 3,000 
 
 St. Peter's, at Bologna 11,400 2,850 
 
 Cathedral of Vienna 11,000 2,750 
 
 St. Mark's, Venice 7,000 i>75O 
 
 Spurgeon's Tabernacle 7,000 
 
 Dr. Hall's Church, Fifth Avenue, seats 2,000 
 
 515. If you want to make yourself particularly 
 disagreeable, attempt to say smart things, sharp 
 things, and you will very soon accomplish your 
 object, and find yourself generally avoided. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 1 3 
 
 516. Mere beauty loses on a close view, while 
 very plain people often grow upon us by daily and 
 intimate association. 
 
 517. It would add largely to individual happi- 
 ness and the well-being of the family, if each one 
 were to begin the day with a fixed resolution not 
 to say a single hasty or sharp or unkind word. 
 
 518. " Of course," is the expression of a clown- 
 ish nature ; in whatever way it may be brought 
 into conversation it is as much as to say, " are 
 you so dull as not to see that ? " 
 
 519. The Rhizopod, "root-footed," is the sim- 
 plest and perhaps the oldest form of animal life ; 
 it is found in deep sea-soundings, in the form of a 
 powder when dried, so fine that it disappears in 
 the cracks of the skin in the palm of the hand ; 
 each atom is found to be a shell perforated with 
 holes, out of which the inside inhabitant puts its 
 feelers and draws in what bits of food it can find. 
 They are found in the farthest ages backwards, 
 and in the oldest geological strata the largest 
 specimens are found ; one in Canada, three feet 
 in diameter, large enough to have existed before 
 Adam was, showing the general truth, that the 
 longer the animal is in reaching its "full growth 
 the longer it lives, and so of man. v 
 
 520. It must be the perfection of bliss to a child 
 when it falls asleep with its little hand in its 
 mother's, giving that delightful feeling of safety 
 and security, which only a trusting heart can 
 know. 
 
114 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 521. Children owe to their parents more than 
 they can ever pay them ; but it is paid to your 
 grandchild, who needs it more than you ; besides, 
 it was your indebtedness to your own parents. 
 
 522. Causing a symptom to disappear is very 
 seldom the cure of any human infirmity. The true 
 course is to prevent the symptom. 
 
 523. Before the town of Salisbury, England, was 
 drained, twenty-seven persons died each year out 
 of every thousand; after drainage, only seventeen. 
 The drainage about a family residence has quite as 
 decided an effect on the occupants ; the dryness 
 of a locality on which a house is to be erected, 
 should always be a main consideration. 
 
 524. Wealth is not acquired by short cuts, ex- 
 cept in very rare instances. Men who are very 
 rich, have become so in almost all cases by slow 
 degrees at first, as the result of industry, economy, 
 and incessant self-denials ; and he who relies on 
 any other means will pretty surely die bankrupt. 
 
 525. It is said that the northern Chinese mingle 
 arsenic with their smoking tobacco, which, as the 
 missionaries state, is never sold there without that 
 adulteration, and that the " arsenic smokers are as 
 rosy as cherubs, and have lungs like a blacksmith's 
 bellows." Hence the inference that arsenic smok- 
 ing cures consumption. But there are many who 
 have rosy cheeks and strong lungs, who have 
 never smoked arsenic ; besides, when once the 
 habit is established it must be kept up, or death is 
 inevitable. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 1 5 
 
 526. In Germany one person is born annually 
 to every twenty-five persons ; in Great Britain to 
 every twenty-eight ; in Austria to every forty-two. 
 
 527. A rough towel or flesh brush should never 
 be used by a person in health ; the best frictioner 
 is the soft, warm hand, as it aids in removing the 
 dead scales of the skin, and keeps the whole sur- 
 face of the body in the natural condition of that 
 of an infant. 
 
 528. In answer to a question, a bright-eyed little 
 boy said, " A sob is when you don't want to cry, 
 and it bursts out of itself ; " but pent-up grief is 
 always prejudicial to health ; tears ever bring re- 
 lief to the saddened heart. 
 
 529. The play of "Russian Scandal " is amus- 
 ing and instructive : a dozen persons around a 
 table ; one writes a short story or statement on a 
 bit of paper, then reads it to the person next 
 him, that one repeats it to -the next one, and so on, 
 to the beginning ; the amusement comes in com- 
 paring the original with the last statement and 
 fastening the greatest deviation on the proper 
 person, who, if beautiful, must be kissed all round. 
 
 530. Keeping the mouth shut saves strength in 
 walking, modifies excessive perspiration in sleep, 
 prevents the vacant appearance so observable in 
 country people when they come to the city, supplies 
 the lungs more regularly with air, tempers a cold 
 atmosphere in its passage to the lungs through the 
 circuit of the head, and tends by the deeper breath- 
 ing to the greater development of the breathing 
 organs. 
 
Il6 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 531. The young lady who can make a boast of 
 her ignorance of all household duties, should be 
 allowed to become an old maid. 
 
 532. Horace Walpole wrote : " Use a little bit 
 of alum twice or thrice a week, no bigger than 
 half your nail, till it has all dissolved in your 
 mouth, and then spit it out. This has fortified my 
 teeth, and they are as strong as the pen of Junius. 
 I learned it of Mrs. Grosvenor, who had not a 
 speck in her teeth till death." But how old was 
 the great Horace when he wrote that ; did Mrs. 
 Grosvenor die over forty? Many a worthless 
 " cure all " is originated in the same careless way. 
 
 533. It was nearer fact than fiction or fancy 
 when the little expiring girl said, " Now, mother, 
 I 'm dying, open the door and let the angels in, 
 they Ve come to take me home." 
 
 534. " Simple remedies " have a great attraction 
 for some and often are employed with fatal effect. 
 
 535. There should be a thermometer on the 
 outside and inside of every regularly occupied 
 room : on the inside, five feet from the floor, to 
 give some idea of what the comfortable warmth is 
 to the occupant. The difference between in and 
 out-door air is often thirty or forty degrees or 
 more ; and a person, not knowing it, fails to pro- 
 vide extra dress, becomes chilled, and the next 
 thing is a hoarseness or bad cold or sore throat, 
 if not pleurisy or some form of lung disease, rheu- 
 matism, asthma, or influenza, which may be an 
 annoyance for weeks and even months. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 1 7 
 
 536. Remedial means are called simple, because 
 we are familiar with them or see them in daily 
 use, but they are not the less dangerous on that 
 account in their application to diseased conditions 
 of the body. A lady was advised to apply " rot- 
 ten apples " to her eyes at bed-time, to rectify an 
 inflamed condition ; two decayed apples were laid 
 on the eyes and kept in place with a handkerchief ; 
 the next morning her sight was utterly destroyed. 
 Green tea is a very simple article : it was given to 
 a child with diarrhoea, which it promptly checked ; 
 convulsions and death followed. "The grease 
 from a candle-stick " was recommended to an emi- 
 nent judge to apply to a scratch on the shoulder 
 of his little daughter ; in a few days she died of 
 poisoning, caused by the chemical combination of 
 the tallow, the brass, and most likely some other 
 chance ingredient ; vinegar or the acid of a lemon 
 may have fallen on the spot and decomposed the 
 metal. 
 
 537. With a few general principles on health 
 and disease, and the intelligence necessary for 
 their skillful application, a person during a life- 
 time may be able to alleviate or remove a great 
 amount of human suffering. 
 
 538. Young children are often ailing. The ap- 
 pearance on the skin of a raised red spot, called a 
 " hive " immediately abates all the symptoms ; 
 drive it in by the application of so simple a thing 
 as cold water, and the child will suffer or have 
 convulsions within an hour. 
 
Il8 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 539. It is always a great risk to make any ap- 
 plication to any breaking out on the skin of the 
 body anywhere, stronger than sweet oil or warm 
 water, unless by the direction of a physician. 
 
 540. All breaking out on the body is " a good 
 sign ; " at the same time it is an indication of dis- 
 ease, in the sense that " boils are healthy ; " the 
 philosophical meaning is that nature is endeavor- 
 ing to throw out, on the outside of the body, cer- 
 tain particles which were in the blood and which 
 were poisoning it ; the " sign " is that she is vigor- 
 ous enough to do it, if she had not been, the patient 
 would have died. 
 
 541. It is as much a man's duty to live happily 
 as to live industriously ; he may be so overrun 
 with business, so pressed by complicated cares 
 and responsibilities, as to rob himself of all real 
 satisfaction, and he enjoys neither food nor friends 
 nor family, when the Mighty One " hath given us 
 all things richly to enjoy." 
 
 542. The Maker of us all, whose distinctive ap- 
 pellation is " Love," cannot have intended that 
 man's condition on earth should be a slavery ; 
 therefore the man who makes himself such a slave 
 to business, to money getting, as to have no en- 
 joyment worth speaking of in anything else, is not 
 answering the end of his creation. 
 
 543. The measure of a successful life is not the 
 doing but the being ; is not the getting, but the 
 enjoying ; not the amount of a man's money, but 
 the amount of his happiness. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 1 9 
 
 544. He is the wisest man and will live the 
 longest, who makes business a pleasure and the 
 acquisition of money an ambition, as a means of 
 benefiting and elevating and blessing others. 
 
 545. The ability to make money is a talent ; 
 the ability to keep it is two ; the ability to use it 
 wisely and well is ten. 
 
 546. As the world gets older and more crowded, 
 the rivalries of life become greater, the strife for 
 bread more trying, the ambition for distinction 
 more absorbing, the rage for riches more reckless ; 
 and in all cases those who insist on being fore- 
 most, will enjoy life least and soonest lose it. 
 
 547. Hurry is the bane of modern civilization, 
 and is often blind. 
 
 548. The busiest man sometimes breaks the 
 soonest. 
 
 549. " Let alone" is a grandly effectual remedy in 
 very many of the accidents and diseases to which 
 humanity is liable. It is the universal remedy of 
 the animal creation. 
 
 550. A single principle admits sometimes of a 
 dozen different applications in connection with 
 the well being of the body. 
 
 551. It is a favorite saying and considered wise 
 by all, " Take things by their smooth handle ; " 
 and it might be a source of a greater amount of 
 human enjoyment if the average motto in refer- 
 ence to the occupations of life were, " Choose the 
 easiest." There is no virtue in aiming to accom- 
 plish difficult things simply because they are so. 
 
120 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 552. There are a multitude of cures for old 
 sores and new : from the entrails of a live chicken 
 to the grease of a goose ; from a mashed potato 
 or a scraped turnip, up to a stewed apple, just as 
 there are different ways of starting a balky horse ; 
 for example, tying a string tightly around his ear, 
 rubbing his nose with mud, or giving him some- 
 thing to chew. The principle involved in the 
 former case is the application of whatever will 
 keep the parts moist and warm and protected 
 against the air ; in the latter, to distract the atten- 
 tion of the horse for a moment, then crack your 
 whip, as the animal can't think of two things at a 
 time. 
 
 553. Sometimes men are busiest and work hard- 
 est in enterprises which are to end in the ruin of 
 their fortunes. 
 
 554. Human life can be enjoyed with much less 
 of its glitter than is generally supposed. 
 
 555. No wonder that most Americans who have 
 lived a while abroad have an ever-present desire, 
 and pleasantly cherish the hope that they may be 
 able to go back again ; it is because there is a 
 quiet and a composure there to which at home 
 they are strangers. 
 
 556. Taking Great Britain and France and 
 Germany together, there is more enjoyment, more 
 that is pleasurable in domestic and social life than 
 there is in this country, because there the masses 
 merely aim to maintain their place ; we are con- 
 stantly striving, with all the energies of our nature, 
 to get up higher. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 121 
 
 557. In applying a cold water compress, a dry 
 impervious cloth, such as oiled silk, should cover 
 the" compress and extend an inch or more beyond 
 it, so as to lay down flat on the skin, and prevent 
 the steam inside from escaping ; this opens the 
 pores of the skin. The next compress gives a 
 shock or a check, followed by a reaction, acting 
 also by the evaporation of the water, carrying off 
 the heat very rapidly through the instrumentality 
 of the steam. Thus may intense inflammations 
 and burning fevers be safely and gratefully cooled 
 off, without any medicinal means. 
 
 558. "Compresses" are cold or hot, linen or 
 woolen ; with woolen apply hot water, with linen 
 cold. Take five or six thicknesses of linen, three 
 or four of woolen ; three of each, so that one or 
 two shall be in the water, while the other is on 
 the ailing spot, to be replaced about every five 
 minutes, so as to keep the parts as constantly 
 cold or hot as possible ; if you want to diminish 
 the heat of the part use the cold, which should be 
 placed in a vessel of water, containing lumps of 
 ice ; if there is no appearance of redness or heat, 
 but internal suffering or inflammation, use hot 
 compresses, thus : let the water be as hot as the 
 hand can bear, press out so much of it as will 
 prevent dribbling, lay it quickly on the part, 
 cover it with a broader piece of dry flannel, and 
 this with a still broader piece of oiled silk or 
 india-rubber cloth ; these are to keep in the heat, 
 to be put on as hot as possible, and renewed as 
 above. Allow no wetting of the clothing. 
 
122 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 559. If a man can skillfully and judiciously 
 apply a water compress, he has at command, at all 
 times and places, remedial means equal to half 
 of any drug store. 
 
 560. A judicious nurse is worth as much in 
 the sick chamber as a skillful physician. 
 
 561. Almost all human sufferings can be alle- 
 viated or removed by cold or warm water ; and if 
 the three questions, Why ? When ? and How ? are 
 properly decided and applied, then "water cure" 
 is elevated to a science. 
 
 562. If you have a bad cold, great good will be 
 done by a Turkish bath, a Russian bath, an or- 
 dinary warm bath ; but an " old woman's " bath 
 will do as much good, costs less, is universally 
 available, and is attended with no danger, there 
 being no need of going out of doors for some 
 hours, and thus avoiding the risk of taking cold. 
 The last bath named is an old-fashioned " sweat," 
 brought about by being tucked up in bed in warm 
 blankets, and drinking hot teas, until a most pro- 
 fuse perspiration is induced, and kept up for 
 hours. 
 
 563. Water, Exercise, Diet. The first in abun- 
 dance, to keep clean ; the second in moderation to 
 keep the blood pure ; the third regular, to sustain 
 and strengthen ; with these, a man may maintain 
 good health to the utmost limit of fourscore. 
 
 564. " Over-worked brain," such a thing does 
 not exist, if we mean in the study and investi- 
 gation of philosophical, professional, and literary 
 subjects. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 123 
 
 565. When you are well, let yourself alone, you 
 can never be better than well. 
 
 566. Hard study improves the power of the 
 brain and gives it greater capabilities, but it never 
 destroys. 
 
 567. Men become deranged from ill health, 
 from business reverses, from personal mortifica- 
 tions, from mental troubles, from the effect of 
 sharp-pointed memories and mental perplexities, 
 but never from " hard study," if the body is kept 
 in good health. 
 
 568. The best medicine for children is fun, 
 frolic, out-door play, and unrestraint. 
 
 569. Never persuade a child to eat, or compel 
 him to eat what he does not like ; it is an unrea- 
 soning tyranny. 
 
 570. Encourage laughing and talking among 
 children at the table, it promotes the circulation 
 of the blood, and prevents fast and over-eating. 
 
 571. To take a meal in silence at the family 
 table is unphilosophical and hurtful, both to the 
 stomach and the heart. 
 
 572. Sameness of food is a great drawback 
 to the health, for nature craves a variety of ele- 
 ments. 
 
 573. The noisiest children are generally the 
 healthiest. It is better to hear a boisterous laugh 
 than a pitiful moan. 
 
 574. If you want your children to be happy 
 and good, keep them well, and show them a good 
 example. 
 
124 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 575. Industrious brain-work, hard and heavy 
 though it be, promotes bodily health, if not per- 
 formed within an hour of a regular meal, because 
 it works off the effete matters of the system and 
 begets a good appetite. 
 
 576. It is eating irregularly and studying too 
 soon after eating, which destroys the health of 
 brain-workers. 
 
 577. Temperate brain-workers, those who live 
 plainly and regularly, are notably long livers, as 
 Newton, Herschel, father and daughter, Hum- 
 boldt, and a multitude of others. 
 
 578. Many great thinkers and writers have 
 died in their prime as Byron, Burns, Coleridge, 
 Shelley, Keats, and others of convivial and other 
 habits, not hard study. 
 
 579. Among the hardest thinkers of antiquity, 
 are the names of men who lived beyond four- 
 score : as Georgias, Epimenides, Isocrates, Herod- 
 otus, Hippocrates, Zeno, Xenophon, and others. 
 
 580. No man can think well, or study hard, on 
 an empty stomach. 
 
 581. Eat slow, if you would eat long. 
 
 582. Ideas are sometimes floating in the mind 
 for a long time, not crystallized into words ; and 
 when we first find that some one has given them 
 expression in language, it is attended with a pe- 
 culiar satisfaction, and makes a deep impression 
 on the memory. It is hoped that this may be true 
 in reference to many of the practical sentiments 
 in these pages. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 12$ 
 
 583. One of the best means of keeping the 
 feet warm, is to keep them clean and dry : clean, 
 by daily washing in cold water ; dry, by having 
 the soles of shoes soaked in grease, until satu- 
 rated, requiring a day ; or paint the bottom of the 
 soles with kerosene oil, and repeat the operation 
 four or five times at intervals of half a day, ex- 
 posing them to the sun to dry. Serious disease 
 is often caused by damp shoes, and much more if 
 wet. 
 
 584. India-rubber shoes being impervious, are 
 a great protection to the feet in cold weather, 
 by excluding the cold and retaining the natural 
 heat of the feet. 
 
 585. It is always hurtful and sometimes dan- 
 gerous, to go to bed with cold feet, which is often 
 the case with persons even in good health, who 
 have been on their feet a great deal during the 
 day. On removing the shoes at night, the cooler 
 air condenses the perspiration of the day, caus- 
 ing a clammy dampness, and they soon become 
 icy cold, preventing sleep, and inducing serious 
 ailments, unless warmed by a fire before getting 
 into bed. 
 
 586. Many persons have brought on serious 
 sickness, by holding on to the knob of the front 
 door while standing in a draft, and speaking " last 
 words " to friends or visitors. 
 
 587. In going out into the cold air button up, 
 draw on the gloves, and adjust everything for 
 keeping the cold out, before opening the door. 
 
126 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 588. From long years of observation, the 
 British government has found it a great preserv- 
 ative of the health and life of their soldiers, and 
 especially sailors, to require them to wear woolen 
 flannel next the skin all the year round, even in 
 the tropics. 
 
 589. Persons who sit or stand a great deal dur- 
 ing the day at their business, should wipe the 
 soles of their shoes as dry as possible at the door, 
 and then have their feet rest on a woolen mat, 
 instead of a stone, or even wooden floor, as they 
 abstract the warmth from the feet all the time 
 through the shoes. 
 
 590. Nothing should be considered trivial 
 which promotes health or prevents disease ; for in 
 sickness we are worthless to ourselves, and more 
 or less a burden to others ; our own time is lost 
 as well as that of those who wait upon us, and 
 there is no joy or gladness in the blue sky or the 
 blessed sunshine. Fine houses, and lovely fam- 
 ilies, and admiring friends, and millions of money 
 -^ none of these avail to mitigate a single pain, or 
 cool the burning fever, or give a moment's sleep. 
 
 591. Vigorous and robust health is worth more 
 than millions of money without it. 
 
 592. The overpowering feeling in the act of 
 dying, is that of utter helplessness, of sinking 
 away ; and the yearning of the soul is for 
 something to lean upon. " Don't leave me, my 
 son," were the last words of the great commoner, 
 Henry Clay. 
 
HOW TO LIFE LONG. I2/ 
 
 593. When Hume, the historian, was dying, he 
 called for a pack of cards, to while away the last 
 moments in playing whist. When Sir Walter 
 Scott was near his end, he said to Lockhart, his 
 son-in-law, " Bring the Book." " What Book ? " 
 "There is but one book," as he pointed to the 
 family Bible, which laid on the stand, as if he 
 thought that what was in that book was the only 
 thing in the world that was of any worth in a dy- 
 ing hour, and as if he wanted to lean on that. 
 
 594. As Prince Albert of England, accom- 
 plished, cultivated, refined, illustrious, approached 
 the dark river, he said to one at his side, " I have 
 had wealth, rank, and power, but if these were all 
 I had how wretched should I be now ; " and then 
 exclaimed, 
 
 " Rock of ages, cleft for me, 
 Let me hide myself in Thee." 
 
 595. The lower grade of vitality in plants 
 produces the male, the next higher the female, 
 and the third highest the germ for a new life ; 
 thus it is that woman has a higher organization, 
 and a larger amount of vitality than man, she 
 having to do the most in the production of the 
 new being. 
 
 596. Sap ascends in some plants, at the rate of 
 six inches in an hour ; at others, as in the cherry 
 laurel, twenty-four in the same time ; but in men, 
 there are different rates of rapidity of develop- 
 ment. 
 
128 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 597. The difference between the sexes in 
 plants is, that more vitality is expended in mak- 
 ing the female than is necessary to make a 
 male. 
 
 598. In the vegetable world, the reed runs up 
 in a season, and is frail ; the oak in a century, and 
 is as solid as the hills ; so the slower the human 
 body is in reaching its maturity, the more dura- 
 ble is the constitution and the longer the life. 
 
 599. The moral and physical dangers of mar- 
 riage before twenty, and being out of the mar- 
 ried state after twenty-five, are so great, that 
 they ought never to be encountered without se- 
 rious deliberation, and from most pressing neces- 
 sity. 
 
 600. Blindness, nervous prostration, incurable 
 sore throat, and other maladies, often disappear 
 when the habit of tobacco-smoking has been dis- 
 continued, showing clearly that it caused them. 
 Hence the fact, that not all who smoke have 
 these symptoms, is no guarantee to any man that 
 he will not be injured if he smokes, 
 
 60 1. Raw cotton, bound well on sores and wounds 
 and the surfaces of amputated parts, they having 
 been well washed with camphorated spirits, is a 
 better cure than any poultice ; because the spirits 
 kill those germs of disease which are always float- 
 ing in the atmosphere, while the cotton is such a 
 perfect filterer it is impossible for any of these cor- 
 rupting and poisonous germs to reach the sore ; 
 hence it heals healthfully from the beginning. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 2Q 
 
 602. Alcoholic fluids, ether, chloroform, and 
 chloral in all their shapes, are narcotics, and if 
 food at all, cannot be considered natural food, 
 which animates without exciting the pulse, except 
 for a short time during digestion, and leaves no 
 disagreeable effects behind. 
 
 603. All need at times some stimulus to elevate 
 above depressing circumstances : then the stimu- 
 lus of agreeable society is immeasurably better 
 than the stimulus of liquor ; the stimulus of a 
 happy home than the stimulus of a club. 
 
 604. The old and the frail should wear woolen 
 drawers as well as shirts, for half the year at least, 
 and also those who travel in winter time. 
 
 605. One of the most comfortable operations 
 during the fire time of year, is to draw off both 
 shoes and stockings on coming into the house for 
 the night, and hold the naked feet before a blaz- 
 ing fire until most perfectly dry, and then put on 
 a dry pair of stockings and warm slippers. Re- 
 peat the warming before going to bed ; if farmers 
 and laboring men were to make this an invariable 
 habit even in summer time, washing the feet in 
 warm water before the last warming, it would con- 
 tribute very greatly to their comfort, their health, 
 and the soundness of their sleep, and would repay 
 the trouble a thousand-fold in the course of a life- 
 time. 
 
 606. If the feet are found cold after getting into 
 bed, rub them with the hands and wrap up each 
 one well in a newspaper. 
 
 9 
 
130 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 607. It is said of Bismarck that everything he 
 does is with perfect system, exactness, and care ; 
 that he never shows any indication of haste or 
 effort, and seems to have plenty of time for every- 
 thing. It is the want of system and of doing things 
 well at first, that fills the world with its hurrying 
 and worrying multitudes. 
 
 608. The best material for inner clothing is 
 woolen flannel ; the worst, linen and silk, even in 
 summer time, because in case of actual perspira- 
 tion the material becomes damp, clammy, and 
 cold, which cannot be the case with woolen. 
 
 609. Dr. Schlieman, the eminent scholar and ar- 
 chaeologist, mentions that from fourteen to twenty 
 he worked from five o'clock in the morning until 
 nine at night, in a grocer's store, retailing herrings, 
 butter, brandy, milk, and salt, grinding potatoes, 
 sweeping the shop, and doing a multitude of other 
 things, but he adapted himself to his situation. 
 It was part of the schooling which has since made 
 him an undying name in having discovered the 
 site of ancient Troy. And yet there are multitudes 
 of the young in this country, who, although they 
 must work for a living, would think it a great 
 hardship to be required to be at their work at 
 seven in the morning and to leave it off later than 
 sun-down. 
 
 610. The best protection against sickness and 
 pestilential maladies, is good living ; which means 
 an abundant supply of nutritious food well pre- 
 pared. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 3 1 
 
 611. A spendthrift sometimes grows careful; 
 but the niggardly, liberal, never. 
 
 612. Desserts, of every description, if well made, 
 are as healthful and as nutritious as other articles of 
 food if taken at the beginning of the meal, because 
 they would take off the " edge of the appetite " 
 and we would not over-eat of plainer things ; but 
 presented after an ordinary meal, when we have 
 already taken enough, the appetite is tempted to 
 excess, nausea or indigestion or discomfort of some 
 kind follows, which we attribute to the last thing 
 eaten, when in reality the error has been in quan- 
 tity and not quality. 
 
 613. What we call " symptoms " in reference to 
 sickness, are either admonitions of nature that 
 something is wrong, or are her modes of cure, and 
 should not be interfered with or antagonized in 
 the latter case. 
 
 614. It is always unsafe to check loose bowels 
 with internal remedies, especially in children and 
 infants, as the effect is to cause convulsions within 
 an hour, sometimes. 
 
 615. Those who eat the most can do the most 
 hard work, whether of body or brain. 
 
 6 1 6. It is not hearty eating which causes dys- 
 pepsia so much as irregular eating. 
 
 617. Each sleeper should have a chamber equal 
 to a measurement of ten feet each way. 
 
 6 1 8. Never read yourself to sleep : in the day- 
 time it strains the eyes, at night it endangers fir- 
 ing the house. 
 
132 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 619. Two persons ought never to sleep together 
 in the same bed as a habit. 
 
 620. Undisturbed sleep is that which most in- 
 vigorates and refreshes. 
 
 621. Half the failures in life, are from the want 
 of faith, patience, and persistence. 
 
 622. Energy is a misfortune, an engine of evil, 
 unless well directed. 
 
 623. Let the young remember that the road to 
 eminence in every calling is always through hard- 
 ship and toil. 
 
 624. " Words are but air, and tongues but 
 clay ; " yet a word has broken the heart, and a 
 single utterance of the tongue has many a time 
 made such an impression on the feelings, as to 
 cloud the whole of after-life ; hence the value of 
 the Scripture expression, " Set a guard upon the 
 door of thy lips." 
 
 625. No man has a right to say what he 
 pleases, even although it may be the truth, if it 
 can hurt the feelings of another, unless stern 
 justice requires it. But a noble nature can 
 scarcely be persuaded to take that responsibility, 
 would rather suffer wrong. 
 
 626. That is no home, though built of marble, 
 carpeted with costliest fabrics, ornamented with 
 the rarest paintings and sculpture of exceeding 
 skill, with all the surroundings of conservatory, 
 park, and garden, if there lives under that roof 
 a fault-finding father, a scolding mother, a wild 
 son, a dawdling daughter, or an ill-natured child. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. - 133 
 
 627. It is better to have too little respect for 
 the wisdom of our ancestors, than to be the ab- 
 ject slaves of customs and " proprieties," which 
 have no sense in them. 
 
 628. Among the greatest commanders, states- 
 men, lawyers, physicians, and divines, there are 
 very few who ever hoarded money. 
 
 629. Travel gives breadth of view to all, en- 
 larging both the intellect and the heart. 
 
 630. A quiet self-possessed air is the passport 
 of a gentleman, the world over. 
 
 631. When we meet a man on the street any 
 day, and engage in conversation, it may seem of 
 no consequence what we talk about ; yet it often 
 happens before the colloquy is ended, that some 
 word has been uttered, some expression used, 
 some sentiment announced, some information 
 given or fact stated, destined to make an impres- 
 sion on that man's mind and memory, which will 
 color his whole subsequent career. 
 
 632. Some persons of a small mind and narrow 
 nature assume the right, and justify themselves 
 in the exercise of it at pleasure, to say anything 
 provided it is true, however it may annoy or 
 outrage the feelings. For example, " Your brother 
 was hung." True, but the injustice of the remark, 
 its cruelty, are the greater, from the very fact that 
 it was true. The statement could only come from 
 a heart encased in adamant, and seared from all 
 human sympathies, an utter stranger to all that 
 is noble and generous in human character. 
 
134 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 633. The use of porter, ale, gin, and other 
 spirits by nursing mothers, to " make milk," has 
 a direct tendency to create a love of liquor in the 
 child, which is very sure to lead to a drunken and 
 blasted life. 
 
 634. Many a family mansion has been built with 
 the savings of a life-time, to make the graves of 
 half the household within a few months, by neg- 
 lecting to secure a thorough drainage and a sup- 
 ply of good water for drinking and cooking. 
 
 635. Women recovering from confinement are 
 stronger on the fifth day than on the ninth, hence 
 should not be kept in bed longer than the fifth, 
 notwithstanding the proverbial " ninth." 
 
 636. There is a general impression that the 
 air is poisonous to sores and wounds ; pure air is 
 not so, for it cools and keeps down fever and in- 
 flammation. The poisonous element is in the 
 germs and spores, which fill the air everywhere 
 in warm weather near human habitations ; the 
 cat and the dog lick their uncovered sores con- 
 stantly, and they soon get well, because these 
 germs are thus constantly removed ; hence the 
 simple application of dry raw cotton to a trouble- 
 some sore, often cures it, because it detains the 
 poisonous germs in its meshes, acting as an air 
 filterer. 
 
 637. Before leaving a sleeping apartment in 
 the morning, throw each article of bed covering 
 over the back of a chair, or the foot-board, and 
 hoist the window, if the weather is not rainy. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 135 
 
 638. Never attempt to "drive in" any "break- 
 ing out " on the skin ; rather keep it out by mild, 
 moist, warm applications, such as sweet oil, glyc- 
 erine, or simple bread-and-milk poultices ; for re- 
 pression tends to cause convulsions or water on 
 the brain in children, and dyspepsia, diarrhoea, and 
 cramps in the old. 
 
 639. A man ought not to be old at three-score, 
 either in body or brain ; in mental vigor he is 
 really in his prime, with all the experiences and 
 observations of a life-time for his guidance. 
 
 640. An old man was dying the other day ; he 
 had passed his three-score years and ten. Con- 
 scious to the last moment, but too weak to speak, 
 he took the hands of his wife, and son, and 
 daughter, and sister, and mutely pointed upwards, 
 as if to say " Meet me in heaven." Such a blessed 
 thing is it, in a dying hour, to have lived a Chris- 
 tian life, and then to pass away, relying wholly and 
 with implicit confidence on the Bible promises. 
 
 641. It is not he who owns the most, but he 
 who enjoys the most is the happier man. 
 
 642. To obviate the effects of an overdose of 
 chloral, drink very strong coffee. 
 
 643. Instead of attempting the vain experiment 
 of trying to purify the air of an apartment with 
 chemical compounds, get rid of it by opening 
 every window and door and let the pure air in. 
 
 644. Some of the greatest productions of the 
 human mind have been written under the stimulus 
 of the want of bread. 
 
136 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 645. Very few great men in arts and arms, in 
 science or song, have died rich. 
 
 646. A man sometimes thinks "no," when he 
 says "yes ;" does a thing contrary to his judg- 
 ment rather than go counter to his feelings such 
 an one is a moral coward. 
 
 647. It is possible for a man to lend another 
 money, not in kindness, but in the pride of show- 
 ing that he has money to lend. 
 
 648. When a noble nature does a favor or a 
 kindness, it is done promptly, cheerfully, and with 
 the whole soul ; it does not make a man get down 
 on his knees to receive a penny. 
 
 649. Too early success has often left a wrecked 
 life and a premature ending, of which the great 
 Pitt, and his successor, Canning, were impressive 
 examples, because neither mind nor body nor 
 character have had time for that consolidation 
 necessary to the successful manipulation of the 
 affairs of life. Napoleon's early success gave him 
 that overweening self confidence which laid the 
 foundation for his ruin. The great Washington 
 was slow in attaining the height to which he was 
 destined, but he died in his greatness. 
 
 650. The best place for the cellar and kitchen 
 is the top of the house ; we have them under 
 it, getting all their noisome odors and poisonous 
 gases, and as a result die before our time. 
 
 651. All eyes are greatly injured, especially 
 those of infants, by opening them in a glare of 
 light in waking up. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 3 / 
 
 652. Weak eyes should be used as little as 
 possible before breakfast, and no applications 
 should be made stronger than pure, soft, tepid 
 water, without competent medical advice. 
 
 653. We rise every morning with a certain store 
 of strength, which should be expended on the 
 most important work of the day, whether of body 
 or brain, by riding to business and walking from 
 it. Both brutes and birds rest after eating. 
 
 654. An author can write more easily, success- 
 fully, and well when he is certain that what he 
 writes will be printed ; it is something like the 
 stimulus which a large assembly imparts to a 
 speaker, helping him on to greatness. 
 
 655. The consciousness of making money legit- 
 imately inspires a man with a higher self respect, 
 imparts to him a new energy, a new life, a new 
 courage ; gives more fire to his eye, more anima- 
 tion to his face, a firmer tread, a more elastic step, 
 and a happier heart. 
 
 656. It was always known that men and animals 
 had sensation, but it seems to have been ascer- 
 tained at last that plants also have feeling. Wound 
 one and it dies ; touch another and it attempts to 
 retire within itself ; and not less than three kinds, 
 growing in our own country, are known to attract 
 insects by their beauty or their odor, then press 
 or poison them to death, and at last draw nourish- 
 ment from their substance. 
 
 657. Exercise, when every step is an effort, is 
 always injurious, never beneficial. 
 
138 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 658. Never express an opinion or even form 
 one on a one-sided representation, for a single 
 point added or left out often makes a difference 
 as wide as the poles asunder. 
 
 659. An old lady, on falling down-stairs for a 
 second or third time, said, " I 'm all the time falling 
 down-stairs ; I 'm going to fall up next time." With 
 the same spirit let us take all the mishaps of life. 
 
 660. He is the wiser and the happier man who 
 prefers health to riches, knowledge, or power ; for 
 the last three can be acquired, and if lost may be 
 regained, but lost health is without a remedy. 
 
 66 1. The beauty of plants and animals and man 
 are all designed to insure reproduction. The gor- 
 geousness of the flower is to attract the insect 
 which conveys the impregnating pollen from the 
 other sex of the same plant. The beautiful plum- 
 age of the most beauteous bird, like the fire-fly of 
 the night, is to attract the lover of its kind, and so 
 do qualities of human sexes carry away with ad- 
 miration first, and softer feelings later on. 
 
 662. Harsh words and harsh requirements have 
 many a time alienated a child's feelings and 
 crushed out all its love for home. 
 
 663. None know so perfectly how to bring up 
 children as those who never had any. 
 
 664. Mere theorizers have been the pests of the 
 world in all ages. 
 
 665. Deductions from single facts are always 
 unsafe, and peculiarly so in reference to the cure 
 of disease. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 3 9 
 
 666. Because a man lives to be a hundred years 
 old, and for half a century has used tobacco largely 
 every day, it is not conclusive that another would 
 live ten years who did the same thing, for the cen- 
 tennarian might have, and most probably would 
 have lived a good deal longer if he had never taken 
 a chew or smoked a cigar in his life. 
 
 667. In looking over the habits of very old peo- 
 ple for the purpose of ascertaining the secret of 
 their longevity, only one element is always pres- 
 ent, a long lived ancestry, and next to that 
 perhaps, in frequency, is uneventful lives, involv- 
 ing moderation, uniformity, quietude. 
 
 668. The odors from decayed rats fill a whole 
 house for months. To prevent this keep the house 
 clean, and let every eatable be placed in metal 
 lined receptacles ; bricks are easily eaten away, 
 hence all the drains about a dwelling should be 
 made of glazed pipes. A young rat breeds in 
 three months, six or eight times a year, and one 
 or two dozen at a time, or more than half a million 
 in four years from one pair ; hence the importance 
 of the above measures for keeping them out of the 
 house. 
 
 669. Pure candies are white, without the flavor 
 of essences, and are composed wholly of sugar and 
 flour, and neither hurt the teeth nor the constitu- 
 tion. They promote digestion at meals, and afford 
 an essential element of nutrition, which is carbon 
 or warmth ; it is the excessive use of adulterated 
 articles which causes mischief. 
 
140 . HO IV TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 670. A little girl was asked, " What did the Isra- 
 elites do after they crossed the Red Sea ? " " Don't 
 know, ma'am ; guess they dried themselves." 
 
 671. If you become possessed of money and 
 owe another, allow no excuse of weather or un- 
 suitable hour to prevent you from making pay- 
 ment ; for the worse the weather, and the slacker 
 the business, the more will it cheer and encourage 
 the creditor. 
 
 672. Shun debt as you would plague, pestilence, 
 or famine. 
 
 673. Each particle of pulverized charcoal ab- 
 sorbs one thousand times its bulk of deleterious 
 gases ; hence a ham well smoked and covered 
 with it will keep for years, and butter put into a 
 clean pot will keep sweet for twelve months if well 
 surrounded by it. 
 
 674. A large proportion of throat affections de- 
 pend on the ill condition of the stomach. 
 
 675. A burning sensation in the throat is some- 
 times caused by cold feet. 
 
 676. All nations have a greater or less love for 
 music ; its cultivation is proof of a high civiliza- 
 tion, and everywhere it has an elevating and a 
 refining effect on the character. 
 
 677. The consumptive steadily declines in 
 strength, breath, and flesh. 
 
 678. The two most unfailing signs of consump- 
 tive disease are, a pulse always over ninety beats 
 in a minute, and more or less cough of mornings, 
 continuing for weeks together. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 141 
 
 679. Where do little boys go who play marbles 
 on Sundays ? " Some goes a fishing, some goes 
 a swimming, and some goes to the park," said little 
 tow-head. On the same principle is it that the 
 Indian's heaven is the happy hunting-grounds, the 
 Turk's a harem of beauties, the Christian's a home 
 of purity and love and joy ineffable ; while the 
 little shoeless, hatless, curly-headed, chubby-faced, 
 ragged urchin, in answer to a gentleman's question, 
 what would he do if he were a king, replied, with 
 the utmost confidence, " I 'd swing on the gate all 
 day and eat molasses. 
 
 680. The power of prejudice is strongly exem- 
 plified in the repulsiveness felt by the English- 
 speaking people at the idea of eating horse-flesh, 
 originally founded in the Mosaic prohibition against 
 eating animals which did not part the hoof. The 
 horse is more cleanly and more choice of his food 
 than the ox, and feeds more exclusively on veg- 
 etable food. In China, where the population is 
 dense, all flesh is eaten, whether of insect, bird, or 
 beast. There are half a hundred houses now in 
 Paris, where the flesh of horses, asses, and mules 
 is exclusively sold for human food, to the amount 
 of two and a half million pounds a year. 
 
 68 1. Many a young man might make his own 
 fortune while waiting for his father's. 
 
 682. Instead of a dreamy life, or an idle wait- 
 ing for some one to help you, pull off your coat 
 and help yourself on the instant ; such a spirit 
 will soon need no help. 
 
142 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 683. The doctrine of the transmigration of souls 
 very early took possession of the human mind 
 as a problem which seemed to solve most of the 
 great mysteries of life, its inequalities of character 
 and condition, a state of future rewards and pun- 
 ishments ; it seemed to satisfy the intense yearn- 
 ings for an immortal existence and at the same 
 time to escape the horrors of annihilation. 
 
 684. Put down your idea in writing, the instant 
 of its occurrence, whether at midnight or noon- 
 day, while the spirit of it is upon you ; it will 
 never come to you with such force and power 
 again. 
 
 685. Nervous exhaustion is often attributed to 
 over brain work ; but it ought to be known that 
 thought, which is legitimate brain work, strength- 
 ens the mind as body work strengthens the body ; 
 bodily power, capability, is limited, the power of 
 thought is without limit or boundary. Nervous 
 exhaustion is the result of brain worry, that is, 
 mental or moral causes, or of brain starvation. 
 The nervous system must be fed ; must be sup- 
 plied with nutriment derived from the perfect di- 
 gestion of sustaining food ; dyspeptics cannot fur- 
 nish that, and the nerves are thrown into the ir- 
 ritability of starvation ; they complain for the want 
 of something to eat ; hence a starving brain and a 
 starving man have symptoms in common with one 
 suffering from nervous exhaustion, commencing 
 with exaltation, like that from liquor ; then comes 
 exhaustion and failure. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 143 
 
 686. The wish or willingness to lean upon 
 another, is ignoble ; to lean on one's self alone, 
 is grand. 
 
 687. To be patient and thorough in all that one 
 does, is to compel success in any calling. 
 
 688. Don't rely upon letters of introduction, 
 to forward your views ; introduce yourself and go 
 ahead. 
 
 689. Success never did, nor ever will, come to 
 that young man who knows everything, in his 
 own opinion. 
 
 690. They soon get to know the most for them- 
 selves who are the most willing to learn of others. 
 
 691. Genius is only another name for the con- 
 centration of the faculties of the brain, or its ex- 
 cessive development in one direction ; the world 
 would be the better and happier for an equable 
 distribution of the mental powers. 
 
 692. He is the happier and the more generally 
 useful man, who is good in many things and 
 great in nothing. 
 
 693. They enjoy life most whose sources of 
 pleasure are diversified ; the man who can eat 
 nothing but meat is more likely to starve in cir- 
 cumnavigating the globe, than he who relishes 
 almost anything. 
 
 694. The sacrifices which others make in their 
 good doing, we may never know. " I don't give 
 much, but you little know how much it hurts to 
 give anything," said a rich parsimonious old gen- 
 tleman, when reproved for his closeness. 
 
144 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 695. He is one of the most unfortunate of men, 
 who begins soon after one meal to think about 
 what he shall have for the next. 
 
 696. The bottom foundation of an excuse, is 
 a vanity or a lie. 
 
 697. It is a good rule to give a man full credit 
 for his good deeds, leaving the motive, which we 
 can never know, to a higher tribunal. 
 
 698. It will be found during the entire pilgrim- 
 age of the longest life, that a kiss will accomplish 
 more than a kick, a kind word more than a threat, 
 a smile more than a scowl. 
 
 699. " The world owes me a living," is a com- 
 mon saying with a certain class of minds. Such 
 need only ask themselves, What have you given, 
 or what have you done for the world, to entitle 
 you to the demand to support you ? An equal 
 fallacy was in a lazy fellow's complaint, that .he 
 could not find bread for his family. " Nor I, 
 either," said his industrious neighbor, " I have to 
 work for it." 
 
 700. If you have made a fortune and want to 
 retire from the cares, responsibilities, and per- 
 plexities of business, and want to add to health 
 and length of life thereby, and especially to pro- 
 mote your own enjoyment, aim to have your time 
 fully occupied, in promoting such operations as 
 have a tendency to alleviate the sorrows, the suf- 
 ferings, and the sickness of the unfortunate, the 
 friendless, and the poor ; and " great shall be your 
 reward in heaven," for the Master hath said it. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 145 
 
 701. It is a great mistake to attribute any 
 man's success in life to a single quality, to his 
 energy, to his persistence, to his genius or his 
 talent ; for it is important that the energy shall 
 have been preceded by the exercise of a good 
 judgment, in determining upon what it shall be 
 expended ; and the same good quality is requi- 
 site in preventing one from embarking in a hope- 
 less undertaking ; while it is notably true, in mul- 
 titudes of instances, that talent and genius are 
 every day perverted to ignoble purposes. 
 
 702. To live long, successfully, and in the en- 
 joyment of good health, a portion of each day 
 should be given to the exercise of both body and 
 brain. 
 
 703. Neither brain or body, ought to be hard 
 worked in early life. 
 
 704. The greater promise of a healthy old age, 
 is to the man who gives the first half of life to 
 work and the remainder to thought, because bodily 
 labor builds up and strengthens the constitution, 
 and thus lays the best foundation for efficient 
 brain-work. 
 
 705. One of the saddest of all sights, is to see 
 a young man of talent and genius wrecked in 
 bodily health. 
 
 706. Instinct often gives warnings which rea- 
 son, in its wisdom and in its might, disdains to 
 notice, and we die before our time. 
 
 707. If one has the choice of energy or talent, 
 the former will insure the largest success in life. 
 
 10 
 
146 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 708. Nervous debility ends in nervous exhaus- 
 tion, arising from an insufficient supply of nutri- 
 ment to the nervous system, because the food 
 which the man eats is not fully digested. Some 
 of the earliest symptoms are named, so that they 
 may be the earlier attended to : accustomed work 
 grows irksome ; the closing hours of the day are 
 attended with greater fatigue ; the usual sources 
 of pleasure begin to fail ; trivial annoyances be- 
 come more annoying ; domestic matters become 
 more irritating ; fault-finding is more pronounced, 
 more frequent, and more extended ; pleasures pale, 
 the sun no longer shines, the birds no longer sing, 
 and all nature is clothed in sackcloth and gloom, 
 in the imagination. 
 
 709. They are happiest and the longest livers, 
 whose ambitions are moderate. 
 
 710. If you want to be noticed, do something 
 noticeable and society will reward you. 
 
 711. Medicines, like all remedial measures, are 
 nauseous, for they were intended to be disciplin- 
 ary, the discipline being necessary to remove the 
 effects of our own wrong-doing. 
 
 712. A man may be quick in manner, decided 
 in speech, and inflexible in purpose ; but he may 
 be courteous and kind for all that. 
 
 713. Make yourself a head and shoulders taller 
 than any about you. Society will not ask how 
 you did it, but the " report " must be handed in at 
 the last day to be passed upon by an inflexible 
 Judge. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 147 
 
 714. Remember that in starting out in life the 
 patient removal of obstacles and triumphing over 
 difficulties, while essential to success, gives cour- 
 age and strength for greater things than these, 
 and enlarges the capacity for enjoyment. 
 
 715. The price of all distinction that is worth 
 the having, in art or arms, in science or wealth, is 
 a life-time of self denial and ceaseless effort ; and 
 after all it is the motive for the end which makes 
 life a curse or a crown. 
 
 716. Talents, misapplied for want of judgment 
 in properly directing them, have made of many a 
 life a miserable failure, which otherwise might 
 have been a most magnificent success. 
 
 7 1 7. The man who has a talent for business has 
 no right to wrap it up in a napkin when he has 
 made enough for his purposes ; that talent should 
 thereafter be assiduously used for the benefit of 
 the race ; for the injunction is, " Occupy till I 
 come." 
 
 718. There is not in the wide universe a living 
 thing nor an atom which is not in motion, to an 
 end, outside. Shall any man be an idler, or work 
 for himself alone ? 
 
 719. Whenever it becomes the settled purpose 
 of a man's life to accumulate money, he first loses 
 sight of others, then of himself, then of all sense 
 of justice and right. His whole existence is con- 
 sumed in clutching gold, and death alone unlooses 
 the grasp. None loved him when he lived, none 
 lamented him when he died. 
 
148 HOW TO LIFE LONG. 
 
 720. Few are satisfied with a golden mean in 
 the accumulation and expenditure of money ; it is 
 to be either profuse or niggardly ; the former en- 
 joys the expenditure and benefits others, the latter 
 lives in misery and benefits nobody. 
 
 721. The meanest greed is that of gold ; it 
 curses the man and it curses his progeny, for it 
 follows the blood. 
 
 722. Said a little girl one day, " What a pity to 
 feed that nice parsley to the rabbits." She was a 
 miser's daughter. 
 
 723. The dead are kept in a large, lighted room 
 at the entrance to the grave-yard in Munich, for 
 the space of " twice twenty-four hours," with wires 
 extending from the fingers to a bell, the least mo- 
 tion possible indicating a return to life ; but no 
 such occurrence has taken place within the mem- 
 ory of any one inquired of. It was noticed that 
 none of the infants had such attachments, as it 
 was taken for granted that the reason of the thing 
 could not be communicated in life, hence it is a 
 saving of that much wire to the economical Ger- 
 man ; but it might be very advantageously at- 
 tached to the toe, for the instant any baby wakes 
 up it begins to kick. 
 
 724. Make it a constant study, during all sea- 
 sons of the year and at all hours of the day and 
 night, to guard against even an instant's feel- 
 ing of chilliness ; this simple precaution would 
 prevent three fourths of all the coughs, colds, and 
 pneumonias which afflict and destroy the race. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 149 
 
 725. If you experience a sensation in the head 
 as if you had been struck, that is miniature apo- 
 plexy ; there is a weak blood vessel in that part ; 
 it is too full of blood, and it is circulating with 
 unusual rapidity ; this causes a forced strain on 
 that weakened blood vessel ; it presently yields 
 a drop of blood, soon a clot is formed, which by 
 pressing unduly on the brain, arrests the flow of the 
 vital fluids of the nervous system, and the man dies. 
 Eat less and less ; this diminishes the amount of 
 the blood promptly, while plentiful out-door exer- 
 cise also diminishes the amount, and so energizes 
 the circulation as to send more of it to the surface 
 and extremities, leaving less for the interior, avoid- 
 ing at the same time haste and hurry of body and 
 mental excitement ; study deliberation and equa- 
 nimity. 
 
 726. When a decayed tooth begins to ache, and 
 a dentist cannot be immediately secured, the safest 
 things to be introduced into the cavity to ease the 
 pain are prepared chalk, bicarbonate of soda, oil 
 of cloves, or strong solution of hartshorn ; cre- 
 osote and carbolic acid, if introduced with care, 
 are safe ; no other efficient articles are. 
 
 727. The proper time for eating fruits of every 
 description is half an hour before breakfast and 
 dinner, and if in their ripe, raw, natural, and 
 fresh state, the acid which their juices contain, 
 and which is their healthful quality, is at once 
 absorbed and carried, in its strength, into the cir- 
 culation. 
 
150 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 728. The weight and bulk of all the teeth in any 
 person are always in proportion ; if a front lower 
 tooth weighs ten grains, the upper dog tooth, 
 which has twice its bulk, weighs twenty, and the 
 largest upper jaw tooth thirty-three ; these are the 
 average weights of these teeth. 
 
 729. Boils and carbuncles are put back by 
 anointing with the gray mercurial ointments four 
 times a day, thereby rapidly reducing the inflam- 
 mation and pain. 
 
 730. Never sit or stand in damp shoes or in 
 damp places, for the water is attracted inwards by 
 the warmth of the soles of the feet, condenses the 
 perspiration, checks it, closes the pores, leaving 
 the feet clammy and cold. A young lady alighted 
 from her carriage at the Central Park so as to get 
 nearer the music, stood on the damp grass, became 
 chilled, rode home, sickened, and died in a few 
 days. 
 
 731. Sitting on cold stones, or damp wooden 
 benches, even for five minutes, often causes seri- 
 ous disease. 
 
 732. The best way to enjoy things is to use 
 them, and thus get the worth of our money ; 
 there is no sense in gorgeous parlors kept in dark- 
 ness ; in sofas never sat upon ; in diamonds never 
 worn, or in leaving money to be spent by thrift- 
 less, thankless heirs. 
 
 733. Sometimes the reading of a single senti- 
 ment makes an impression on the mind which 
 gives color and character to all subsequent life. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 151 
 
 734. Plunging a burned or scalded part in cold 
 water instantly allays the pain, and in case of chil- 
 dren, quiets the alarm and noise of crying, giving 
 composure to attend to further means. 
 
 735. It quickly causes a chill, or an attack of 
 inflammation of the lungs, to walk rapidly against 
 a cold wind, breathing with the mouth open ; but 
 if a handkerchief is held loosely over it, the in- 
 coming air is tempered by the out-going, thus 
 preventing harm. 
 
 736. Make it a point to set apart the sunniest, 
 lightest, and most spacious room in the house, for 
 your sleeping apartment ; more than one third of 
 your entire existence is spent there. 
 
 737. The "Food Cure" may one day become 
 universal ; every once in a while, some article 
 from the dinner table is discovered to have re- 
 medial merit ; strong sage tea for night sweats ; 
 celery for nervousness ; salt, pepper, and vinegar, 
 for dyspepsia ; and now it comes out that if a per- 
 son has tape worm and eats nothing for twenty- 
 four hours, and for the next twenty-four hours will 
 eat nothing but the inner part of the seeds of the 
 squash, or pumpkin, the head of the tape worm 
 will be discharged the next day. This has proved 
 efficient after five years of unavailing treatment 
 otherwise. 
 
 738. Read as little as possible by artificial light, 
 nor before nor after sun-down, nor with the light 
 immediately in front, but let it fall at an angle on 
 the page, over the left shoulder. 
 
152 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 739. Besides an unquiet night, certain injury to 
 the system otherwise, will follow retiring to bed 
 within an hour or two after a late and hearty 
 meal, especially if the body is tired ; yet a nap of 
 a few moments on a sofa is exceedingly refresh- 
 ing, leaving the person active and cheerful for 
 the remainder of the evening, without interfering 
 with the sleep at night. It is far better to do this 
 than to endeavor to put off sleep until bed-time ; 
 the effort itself is wearying, while there is a cer- 
 tain want of everything in spirit and disposition, 
 which is calculated to promote joyous and loving 
 interchanges of thought, and feeling, and senti- 
 ment, around the family fireside. 
 
 740. The brain, like the sea, seems not to rest 
 day or night, sleeping or waking ; but we take no 
 note of the thoughts in sound sleep ; but those 
 occurring in unsound sleep are more or less dis- 
 tinctly remembered, according to the profound- 
 ness of the repose; these remembered thoughts 
 are called dreams, shadowy, evanescent, ill-de- 
 fined, generally ; yet sometimes, while dreaming, 
 we have a feeling as if the dream had occurred 
 before, or as if it were the continuance of a for- 
 mer dream ; this is dream memory. 
 
 741. "Bad weather" may kill some people, 
 but the want of weather kills more. 
 
 742. The "accidents" of life, with their long 
 train of calamities, may be said to be always the 
 result of ignorance or inattention on the part of 
 ourselves or others. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 153 
 
 743. Sometimes an actual occurrence in daily 
 life recalls to mind a dream to that effect which 
 seems to have become a reality, but in the main 
 we should consider them as mere coincidences. 
 If scarce one in a million of dreams " becomes 
 true," it is difficult to conceive a reason for re- 
 garding it as a revelation, for we seem to have 
 been taught that the days of miracles are over. 
 Foretelling is a miracle as much as opening the 
 eyes of the blind ; and yet, a Boston lady is said 
 to have repeated a dream the other morning, that 
 she was terribly murdered, and she was before 
 night ; her husband has since been arrested for 
 the crime. Did its narration at the breakfast- 
 table " put it into his head," or did the thoughts 
 of the man influence the thoughts of his wife, as 
 he lay beside her developing his plan, as two 
 persons sometimes find themselves, while sitting 
 together in perfect silence, thinking of the same 
 subject, and one which had not been broached in 
 conversation ; or did the husband mutter threats 
 to himself, all unconsciously as it were, in the ear 
 of his unsound sleeping wife, and it formed a 
 dream in her mind, just as it has been shown 
 that a pistol fired off near a sleeping man has 
 formed in him the dream of a challenge, a duel, 
 and a firing off, at which he waked ? this last is 
 most likely the solution. 
 
 744. It is an unmitigated cruelty to command 
 a child not to cry ; every tear is a godsend to its 
 little heart, and unwells its grief. 
 
154 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 745. It has been stated by more than one or two 
 American gentlemen of prominence, that in pass- 
 ing through Europe, they have scarcely met with 
 a drunken person, and that therefore the free use 
 of the wines of the country did not tend to cause 
 drunken habits. In passing the whole length of 
 Broadway any business-day in the year, scarcely 
 a single drunken person will be met in a week, or 
 a month. Europeans must work for their bread in 
 the daytime ; the evening is the hour for carousal. 
 In 1873 there were, in round numbers, 56,000 
 arrests, of which 55,000 were convicted of drunk- 
 enness. Our countrymen abroad too readily fall 
 into the customs of the country in the use of 
 wine ; milk would be more nutritious, more sus- 
 taining, and can everywhere be had ; in looking 
 along down the dinner-table at Chamouni, at the 
 foot of Mount Blanc, one day of the Exhibition 
 year, when so much was said about the cholera at 
 Vienna, there were perhaps a hundred persons 
 present, of all nationalities ; the only persons not 
 using wine were that good, and able, and learned, 
 Baptist clergyman of New York City, the good 
 Dr. Armitage, with his two accomplished daugh- 
 ters, whose superior taste in dress, appropriate 
 and subdued, singled them out for complimentary 
 remark. They took the circuit of Italy in July 
 and August, and returned home without an hour's 
 sickness, with water their only beverage. 
 
 746. Pent-up sorrow will soon break the heart, 
 and wear the body into the grave. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 155 
 
 747. Any one is liable to be surprised at night, 
 or in out of the way places, with distressing 
 coughs, colds, sore throat, croup, and other affec- 
 tions of the breathing organs, such as pain, op- 
 pression, and difficult breathing ; the reader who 
 indelibly impresses the idea on his mind, will have 
 it in his power to do himself and others a very 
 great service by the use of a very simple, speedy, 
 safe, efficient, and almost everywhere an available 
 remedy, thus : take four thicknesses of woolen 
 flannel, three such, place in boiling water, lift out 
 one, wring out the water as soon as the hands 
 can bear to handle it, lay it flat over the ailing 
 part, cover over with a broader dry flannel, and 
 oiled silk or india rubber over that, if at hand ; 
 in five minutes have another of the folded pieces 
 ready, raise up the edge of the dry flannel, with- 
 draw the first and introduce the second in its 
 place as. quick as practicable, removing the bed 
 clothing as little as you can, the object being to 
 keep the skin over the ailing part as continuously 
 hot as possible ; continue this until entirely re- 
 lieved ; if well done you will think it marvelously 
 efficient. 
 
 748. The great Graham bread inventor died at 
 fifty, and his co-worker, Alcott, at sixty ; one-idea 
 men seldom live long, and always fail of success. 
 
 749. Fanaticism is always suicidal. 
 
 750. "Bitters," in all their forms, are alcohol in 
 disguise, and in many cases are stronger than the 
 best whiskeys or brandies. 
 
156 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 751. The way to demoralize children, servants, 
 and others, into vice, is to let them know that you 
 suspect them of these ; for then there is no motive 
 for rectitude, for striving for your good opinion. 
 
 752. Time only can soothe the severest sorrows 
 of life. 
 
 753. The plainest and strongest practical illus- 
 tration ever made, perhaps, was by P. T. Barnum, 
 when he said, in an address in Philadelphia, " I 
 will undertake, and give bonds for the fulfillment 
 of the contract, that if the city of Philadelphia 
 will stop selling liquor, and give me as much as 
 was expended here for liquor last year, to run the 
 city next year, I will pay all the city expenses ; no 
 persons living within her borders shall pay taxes ; 
 there shall be no insurance on property ; a good 
 dress and suit shall be given to every poor boy, 
 girl, man, and woman ; all the educational ex- 
 penses shall be paid; a barrel of flour -shall be 
 given to every needy and worthy person, and I will 
 clear a half million or a million dollars myself by 
 the operation. 
 
 754. The Duke of Wellington, at fourscore, 
 kept such huge fires burning in his apartments 
 that those who came to visit him were compelled 
 to leave in a very few moments ; but he kept up 
 only that amount of heat which was comfortable 
 to himself; and so should all the old, all invalids, 
 and those of frail constitutions ; this one precau- 
 tion by such would be a very great protection to 
 health and life. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 5 / 
 
 755. In the ordinary intercourse of life, when 
 replying to the salutation " How are you ? " answer 
 only " Pretty well, thank you," and branch off to 
 some subject of general interest ; do not torture 
 others nor add to your own by the painful and 
 insufferably tedious and distressing enumeration 
 of your bodily maladies. 
 
 756. There are many circumstances in which 
 invalids would be greatly benefited by the use of 
 the pure, unadulterated wine of the Scriptures, 
 unfermented, and containing no alcohol whatever ; 
 thus made : pick out the most perfect grapes, press 
 out the juice rapidly, put it into a closed vessel, 
 which place in another vessel of water, raise this 
 to a boiling heat for ten minutes, strain through a 
 woolen bag while hot, put it into bottles, cork and 
 wax, then put them in a cool place, top down, and 
 it will keep pure for a long time, if the directions 
 are well followed. Such wine is greatly nourish- 
 ing to the weak and the sick. 
 
 757. The coincidence of a man's building a 
 new house and dying soon after, has been very 
 frequently remarked, but it is not a mere happen- 
 ing. Men are not generally able to erect homes 
 to their own notion until they are advanced in 
 years, consequently have not the vigor of earlier 
 life, and not the same capacity for resisting the 
 causes of disease ; this, connected with the very 
 natural desire to move into the new house as soon 
 as possible, leads it to be occupied before the moist 
 mortar and plaster are sufficiently dried. 
 
158 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 758. The most careful scientific observation, has 
 established the fact that vaccination does prevent 
 small-pox in three cases out of four, and that it 
 does not communicate other diseases. 
 
 759. A second vaccination should be had at 
 about fourteen years of age, and if it leaves a 
 good mark the prevention is perfect. 
 
 760. Natural history should be a much more 
 common study than it is, even beginning at the 
 elementary schools. The physiology and pathol- 
 ogy of the vegetable creation is full of interest 
 and profit. A few years ago, France lost two 
 hundred millions of dollars by the Pebrine worm 
 devastation of the silk interest. Pasteur, the 
 ablest student of natural history living, was ap- 
 plied to for information and a remedy ; he gave 
 both, and thus millions of money are saved to the 
 nation. 
 
 761. When the king of Sweden saw his ship's 
 timber going to destruction in his dock-yards, 
 through the ravages of an insect, he applied to 
 the great Linnaeus, who, by examining the in- 
 sect, and studying its nature and habits, simply 
 advised that the timber should be sunk under 
 water during that part of the year when the in- 
 sects were flying abroad and laying their eggs ; 
 the expedient was a perfect success ; and it was 
 he, too, who taught the world how to prevent the 
 invasions of the sea upon the land, and washing 
 away miles of shore, by sowing the seed of a 
 certain grass which would grow upon the beach. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 159 
 
 762. If you are ever put into the spare room of 
 a family to sleep, or in an apartment on the north 
 side of the house not your own, sleep on the out- 
 side of your bed, using your own clothing, mat, 
 rug, or carpet, for bed cover ; damp bedding has 
 killed many. 
 
 763. The teacher for your children should not 
 only be a Christian and a scholar, but in addition, 
 by all means, let him be a gentleman ; not merely 
 in his bearings, but in his feelings and sentiments. 
 
 764. Never begrudge a liberal salary to an able 
 clergyman, to a competent teacher, or a good cook. 
 
 765. Never stint your workmen at the table, 
 for the best-fed laborers do the most work. 
 
 766. The harmonious and proportionate activity 
 of body and brain gives that vigor of health which 
 makes existence a pleasure, and life a continued 
 delight. 
 
 767. The instinct of cleanliness is more uni- 
 versal in the animal creation than in man ; the 
 little bird spends a good deal of its time in wash- 
 ing itself, in adjusting its plumage, and in remov- 
 ing surplusage from its feathers and its body ; 
 the cat at once begins to lick away the slightest 
 impediment to the sleekness of her fur ; both the 
 dog and the horse roll over on the grass and then 
 shake themselves with great vehemence, as if to 
 dislodge what they have loosened ; and the much 
 maligned pig is a model of cleanliness, and only 
 resorts to the gutter and the mud-puddle when he 
 is burning up with heat. 
 
160 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 768. Whether your child be of a low, moderate, 
 or extraordinary intellectual organization, you may 
 not be able to save him from imbecility, or medi- 
 ocrity, or the fate of a genius ; but you can save 
 him from criminality, and make him even useful, 
 by giving him a careful and efficient moral train- 
 ing, and thus save him from being a fool or a 
 fanatic. 
 
 769. Ignorance or recklessness of some of the 
 most common things often endanger life. Dr. 
 Robert Macnish, of literary fame, acknowledges 
 that at four different times he unnecessarily im- 
 periled his health. At fifteen he induced a dan- 
 gerous brain fever by injudicious habits of study ; 
 at nineteen by excessive efforts in wrestling and 
 jumping, violent peritonitis was the result. After 
 that he had an attack of inflammation of the lungs 
 as a result of " dissecting " at an open window, in 
 midwinter, for several hours ; and last, a dreadful 
 fever from dancing all night and going out into 
 the winter air without any cloak or overcoat, get- 
 ting thoroughly chilled before reaching home. 
 
 770. Half of all unvaccinated persons who are 
 attacked with small-pox, die. 
 
 771. The infant should be vaccinated within a 
 month of birth, and if repeated at fourteen, and 
 two good marks are left, it is an almost certain 
 and perfect preventive of small-pox. 
 
 772. If the moral education of the child does 
 not keep pace with the intellectual, he is sure to 
 become a dangerous, bad man. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 6 1 
 
 773. Dr. Combe considered "the preservation 
 of mental and bodily health a moral duty," and he 
 might have added, a duty which would always 
 bring with it a rich reward of real enjoyment of 
 life. 
 
 774. Farmers do not live as long as philoso- 
 phers, because they have too little brain work, too 
 much body work, and pay too little attention to 
 the laws of health and life ; there is not enough 
 variety in their pursuits ; not enough of thought- 
 compelling subjects to cause that activity and 
 energy of circulation which is essential to health. 
 A man, to be well, must exercise the whole body, 
 and the brain is a part of it ; and the latter will, 
 just as certainly as the former, become the subject 
 of disease, unless its powers are brought into requi- 
 sition, earnest, active, and frequent. 
 
 775. Within the last two hundred years, the 
 observation of physicians on the causes of disease, 
 the dissemination of information as to the best 
 method of removing these causes and spreading 
 the knowledge of the laws of health and life, have 
 resulted in doubling the average of human ex- 
 istence. The truth is, the nobility of the medical 
 profession has never been appreciated except by 
 the well-informed few. 
 
 776. Let beautiful flowers be everywhere and 
 at all seasons on the mantel of the sick, on the 
 window-sill of the rich, on the tea-table, the break- 
 fast-table, the dinner-table ; the very sight of them 
 enlivens, elevates, purifies. 
 
 ii 
 
162 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 777. It is not uncommon for old people to fall 
 down-stairs and become crippled for life, or fatally 
 injured. Sir Charles Lyell died from an accident 
 of this kind, as did also an eminent American 
 bishop. Most of these mishaps take place in the 
 darkness ; the rule should be at all times to first 
 take hold of the banisters or railing with a firm 
 grip, before a step is taken ; then, in making the 
 first step, strike the heel against the edge of the 
 step, or " riser," and let the foot fall perpendicular- 
 ly ; this insures that it shall not fall on the edge 
 of the step ; in addition, when nearing the bottom, 
 push the foot out on the stair, to see if it comes to 
 an edge ; if so, you are not down ; if not, you are 
 on the level floor. It is better to begin these pre- 
 cautions early in life, than by the neglect of them 
 to break your invaluable neck. 
 
 778. Rest, quiet, and warmth, are the idolatries 
 of the old. 
 
 779. The moral, mental, and physical character 
 of a man is largely influenced by what he habitu- 
 ally eats and drinks. 
 
 780. The condition of the mind notably affects 
 the character of the bodily secretions ; cheeriness 
 increases and improves ; depression decreases and 
 degenerates. 
 
 781. A light heart insures a good digestion. 
 
 782. The slowest worker does the thing the 
 best, and with the least labor at the end of a life 
 time ; for his energies being husbanded last the 
 longer, and he outlives the hasty folk. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 163 
 
 783. Work in time, and live healthily and long ; 
 rest in eternity, and live forever. 
 
 784. If you want to live long and happy, be 
 busy in that which is remunerative, useful, and 
 good. 
 
 785. The best sleeper is the "best man" for 
 hard work, whether of head or hand. 
 
 786. The man who spends his energies deliber- 
 ately, has the most inexhaustible bank to draw 
 upon, and will draw the longest. 
 
 787. The unappreciated living often become 
 the glorified dead, when, alas ! the tardy honors 
 can do them no good ; the loudest paeans never 
 reach the ear of death ; in life, the faintest smile, 
 the lowest whisper, the shortest word of encour- 
 agement would have lighted and lifted up an al- 
 most breaking heart when disappointed, and baf- 
 fled, and weighed down by crushing burdens to 
 the very borders of despair, without appreciation, 
 without sympathy the world over, they worked 
 wearily on. Such were Fulton, and Morse, and 
 Goodyear, and Howe, whose fame is now world 
 wide. 
 
 788. Many think they are ridding the sick-room 
 of noisome odors by introducing a stronger one, 
 as the burning of sugar on red-hot coals, which 
 really but adds to the impurity of the air ; the 
 only perfect, and the speediest remedy is, to open 
 the windows and doors to create a draught which 
 shall carry the bad air out of the house, and let it 
 go skyward. 
 
164 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 789. The first dollar saved by a child, is the first 
 foundation-stone laid towards a successful life, 
 financially, for the ambition grows upon him ; he 
 spends the smaller sum that it may bring in the 
 larger ; hence, he never bets, never associates 
 with spendthrift companions, and only buys what 
 will " show for itself." 
 
 790. Observant farmers know that a cow will 
 lose half the percentage of cream if she is milked 
 soon after being beaten, or worried by the dogs, 
 or in any other way kept in a state of unpleasant 
 excitement. Even milk-maids have noticed that 
 when they laugh and joke while milking, and are 
 full of their fun generally, the animals give down 
 their milk in larger quantities, and with richer 
 cream. A mother was suddenly and greatly ex- 
 cited, but becoming quieter, she nursed her child, 
 which in a few moments fell into a fit. Let the 
 generous husband make a manly note of this, and 
 act accordingly towards the wife of his bosom 
 during all her nursing days ; treating her with the 
 highest possible respect, tenderness, and courtesy. 
 Be a lover once more ; say pleasant things ; do 
 pleasant things ; arrange pleasant surroundings ; 
 devise pleasant surprises, and so manage that 
 there shall be always around her an atmosphere of 
 peace and love and elevation. On reflection, if 
 this were made perpetual, a very large percentage 
 of happiness would be added to domestic life, and 
 the children would be more certain to grow up 
 healthy, hearty, and happy, refined in manners, 
 manly in conduct, and irreproachable in character. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 165 
 
 791. In a public speech at Manchester, the 
 British Premier, Disraeli, said : " Public attention 
 should be concentrated on sanitary legislation ; " 
 when, in addition to that, the individual shall con- 
 sider it his duty and his study to keep well, the 
 average of life will be largely increased, and the 
 enjoyment of the people will be greatly enhanced. 
 
 792. It would not be amiss to have a more gen- 
 eral acquaintance with the use of barometers ; the 
 lower they fall, the heavier and more impure is 
 the atmosphere ; hence many diseases increase in 
 gravity towards sundown, when the atmosphere 
 is heavier, not only by reason of its dampness, 
 but by incidental impurities which the cooler air 
 condenses on the surface. 
 
 793. " Aim high " is a good motto for the young, 
 but it is at least questionable whether it is well to 
 be so often directing the attention of youth in 
 public addresses to the possibility that any one of 
 them may become a governor, an all-conquering 
 general, or president of the United States, when 
 it is impossible for more than one in a million to 
 be seated in the chair of the great Washington. 
 It would be wiser to direct attention to more 
 moderate and more certainly attainable objects, 
 by less desperate and less frantic efforts, with 
 the result that life would be less feverish, less 
 frequently a disastrous failure, and more often a 
 creditable success, and withal, of longer duration. 
 
 794. A good heart, good nature, and good health, 
 are the peerless three. 
 
1 66 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 795. Sedulously guard against getting into the 
 rut of one subject, of dwelling upon one idea, for 
 several great scholars have become insane who 
 have made the prophecies their study, and man}' 
 a mind has been wrecked in endeavoring to devise 
 perpetual motion. 
 
 796. We build our houses with spacious doors 
 and wide windows ; but we shut out the delicious 
 air by closing the doors, and exclude the cheering 
 light and the glorious sunshine by inner shutters 
 and two or three layers of curtains. 
 
 797. We would be all healthier if our chambers 
 contained nothing but a chair, a table, a bed, and 
 a strip of woolen carpet at its side, for curtains 
 and furniture gather dust and dampness, and har- 
 bor poisonous emanations. , 
 
 798. The out-door sunshine gives us health, not 
 only for the pure air we breathe, but the sunlight 
 itself contains certain elements which impart life 
 and strength, and health to the blood. 
 
 799. There are very many who are quite in- 
 different as to the condition of the inner garments 
 as long as the outside is unexceptionable. 
 
 800. That family is saved whose father spends 
 his evenings at home to entertain and amuse his 
 wife and children. 
 
 80 1. One of the best ways of cultivating self 
 respect and commanding the respect of others, is 
 to dress with a faultless taste ; meaning thereby 
 a scrupulous cleanliness and fittingness, even if in 
 calico or homespun. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 1 67 
 
 802. People, like plants, grow pale and puny if 
 the sun is shut out. Good health is the sunshine 
 of the body ; a cheery disposition is the sunshine 
 of the soul. 
 
 803. Washington Alston, the distinguished art- 
 ist, stepped abruptly from a door which he was 
 about entering to attend a party, turned suddenly 
 round and went home, because he remembered 
 having a hole in one of his stockings. 
 
 804. The young man who makes a gain by de- 
 ception, will cheat and steal later on, when he is 
 sure of not being found out. 
 
 805. The married man who takes his hat and 
 passes into the street with his cigar in his mouth 
 after supper or late dinner, to be absent until bed- 
 time, voluntarily sacrifices privileges and blessings 
 which are among the greatest and most happify- 
 ing in life. 
 
 806. There is perhaps no quality which has a 
 more pervading influence in giving color to he 
 whole character, than the strictest truthfulness, for 
 it is the foundation-stone of honesty and an all- 
 pervading integrity. 
 
 807. There is doubtless a remedy for every dis- 
 ease in the rich stores of nature, which will be dis- 
 covered in time. 
 
 808. There is perhaps not a plant that grows 
 which does not have the power either to cure dis- 
 ease, to nourish the system, to meet the tastes, or 
 supply some want to man ; for the beneficence of 
 the Omniscience is all-pervading. 
 
1 68 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 809. Disease is a blessing, for it is nature's ef- 
 fort to preserve the body, her method of throw- 
 ing poisons out of the system ; and whatever of 
 discomfort there is in it, is to call a rational atten- 
 tion to it, and invite our cooperation with nature 
 to promote .the process of cure. 
 
 810. He will be the most successful physician 
 who first discovers what nature is attempting to 
 do, and is most skillful in his devices for promptly 
 and efficiently aiding her. 
 
 8 1 1. The first gallon of sweet cider bought for 
 family use is the first step taken towards making a 
 drunken household ; for before the gallon is gone 
 there is a looking for it, and another is purchased ; 
 but every day it gets more and more sour, 
 stronger, more and more alcoholic, and before one 
 knows it it is felt to be a need ; soon hard cider 
 is in daily use, and when the cider season is over 
 a necessity is felt for a substitute ; then the way 
 is steadily downwards to a drunkard's grave. 
 
 812. The man who has a hobby which gives a 
 pleasurable mental occupation in the leisure hours 
 of harder work, not only has a spring of daily 
 satisfaction, but by daily withdrawing from the 
 pressing cares of business, he changes the current 
 of his thoughts and prevents his whole existence 
 from becoming an automatic routine to dwarf his 
 intellect, and wear out his body prematurely ; be- 
 sides, mental power is gained by the digression, 
 and his thoughts are clearer and stronger for the 
 work before him. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 169 
 
 813. Men may not make any remark about the 
 dress of their wives, and may even affect to know 
 nothing about it, yet they notice instantly the 
 slightest deviation from taste or tidiness, and for a 
 woman to appear at the breakfast table with the 
 least appearance of negligence in her toilet is to 
 court estrangement and disrespect. 
 
 814. "Perspiration" refers the mind to that 
 condition which exhibits drops of water on the 
 skin, but there is an invisible, called "insensible" 
 perspiration, by which water is carried from the 
 body in the shape of invisible vapor ; the office of 
 this perspiration is to keep the temperature of the 
 system at one uniform standard in all latitudes 
 and in all seasons of the year ; answering, how- 
 ever, another purpose, not less essential, of carry- 
 ing out of the body those waste and useless mat- 
 ters which, if permitted to remain in it even for a 
 few hours, would poison the whole blood and de- 
 stroy life in a day ; these vapors come out through 
 the pores of the skin, so small that half a pea 
 would cover a million of them ; cold closes these 
 pores, which is called "checking perspiration;" 
 hence the danger of damp clothing, damp rooms, 
 or exposure to raw, cold winds. 
 
 815. The essence of all disease is the want of 
 some element to be supplied to the system or to 
 be eliminated from it. 
 
 8 1 6. " Cold water cure" is not an appropriate 
 phrase, for warm water is more widely applicable 
 for the removal of pain and sickness than cold. 
 
I/O HOW TO LIFE LONG. 
 
 817. It is damp air which kills, not the cold 
 air and still atmosphere even of zero. 
 
 8 1 8. Scientific investigation is constantly add- 
 ing to the stores of remedies for the cure of dis- 
 ease. At the same time the steadily increasing 
 average of human life from twenty to forty years 
 within the last three centuries, is more the result 
 of an increasing knowledge of the causes of sick- 
 ness, and the methods of counteracting them. 
 
 819. Ventilation is a good thing, yet many per- 
 sons are ventilation mad. 
 
 820. To enter a public vehicle when heated by 
 a previous walk, and to open a window because 
 the air feels close, is to invite death. 
 
 821. It is less dangerous to faint in an impure 
 warm air, than to risk an attack of inflammation 
 of the lungs by a draft of cold pure air. 
 
 822. More sudden deaths in winter, especially 
 among the old, result from pneumonia or inflam- 
 mation of the lungs, than from almost any other 
 malady, usually proving fatal within a week, and 
 even in recoveries leaving effects of very great 
 liability to all lung affections for the remainder 
 of life. The cause of this dangerous disease in 
 almost every case is chilliness, from whatever 
 means, but most from exposure to raw, damp air 
 and cold winds ; emerging from heated rooms into 
 the colder out-door air without the precaution of 
 bundling up, keeping the mouth closed, and mov- 
 ing briskly for the first few moments so as .to 
 keep the blood in active circulation, and thus pre- 
 vent chilliness. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 171 
 
 823. Whatever causes a chill, can cause inflam- 
 mation of the lungs, which never comes on with- 
 out a chill. 
 
 824. The structure of the lungs is exceedingly 
 delicate, and they are very sensitive to cold. 
 They are composed of six hundred millions of air 
 cells or bladders, which if cut open and spread on 
 a wall would cover six feet square, and being at 
 a temperature of ninety-eight degrees all the time, 
 it is no wonder that a sudden exposure of so large 
 a surface to an out-door dampness when it is 
 " freezing cold " at thirty-two degrees, has such 
 an injurious effect on the health ; try a piece of 
 ice, even three inches square, on the less delicate 
 skin and notice the shock to the system. 
 
 825. A damp wind, with the thermometer at 
 forty, is more injurious to the health than a still, 
 dry air below zero, because . it carries the heat 
 away from the body with greater rapidity. 
 
 826. The scrapings of the walls of dwellings, 
 especially of sleeping rooms, are sold at a pre- 
 mium in some eastern countries and used as val- 
 uable fertilizers. This is because the odors and 
 gases condense upon the walls and harden, and 
 these accretions, going on for years, form a con- 
 centrated material which greatly enriches the soil. 
 
 827. However warm the weather may be in the 
 early spring, it is never safe to lay aside a single 
 article of winter clothing ; for however warm at 
 noon, the air of sunrise and sunset is always raw, 
 damp, and sepulchral. 
 
172 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 828. Under ordinary circumstances the kidneys 
 send out of the body two ounces of water every hour, 
 and the skin, by perspiration, one ounce, averaging 
 about four pints of fluid every twenty-four hours. 
 
 829. The skin and the kidneys supplement each 
 other work into each other's hands ; if the 
 pores of the skin are closed by the application of 
 cold in any way, less water is discharged in that 
 direction and more by the kidneys ; if the pores 
 are made to open more widely by warmth or exer- 
 cise, the water comes out so freely that we can see 
 it, and we call it " sweat ; " then the kidneys 
 throw off less ; hence, in summer there is less 
 urination than in winter, and it is more highly 
 colored, because more condensed, the more watery 
 particles having been evaporated ; so, also, in 
 fevers. In winter, the urine is clearer, more limpid, 
 more free, more frequently passed, because less 
 water goes out of the skin. 
 
 830. In the course of years it is found that 
 certain wards in hospitals for particular diseases, 
 become so infected that persons who are put in 
 rooms faultlessly clean are pretty sure to die. 
 These facts should suggest that public buildings, 
 especially churches, should have all the doors and 
 windows opened as soon as the people have left 
 the building, so that all impure matter may escape. 
 If allowed to condense they are rewarmed at the 
 next meeting. 
 
 831. From November to May, bed-chambers 
 should be aired at noon only, certainly not later 
 in the day. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 73 
 
 832. Novel reading is the alcohol of the brain 
 and can, at times, be indulged in safely and to ad- 
 vantage in adult life, for there are occasions of de- 
 pression in all, of discouragement ; times when the 
 mind is racked with apprehension, with perplexity, 
 when no amount of thought or planning can avail, 
 as on Sundays, or on shipboard, or after coming 
 home from the business of the day ; under such 
 circumstances, to plunge into a diverting or an ex- 
 citing novel brings into activity altogether differ- 
 ent departments of the brain, draws the excess of 
 blood away from those which have been so exer- 
 cised as to have lost their natural balance and 
 have become exhausted ; by this diversion, they 
 are rested, recuperated, gather their old power, 
 and then can go back and work upon the old sub- 
 ject with the old time energy and effect. 
 
 833. Milk and water people, the smirky folk; 
 those agreeable stupidities who assent to every- 
 thing you do or say, who never did or could do 
 anything but smile and nod to every assertion, of 
 what account are they ? They have no cream or 
 kernel in them nothing substantial. 
 
 834. The chilly evenings of autumn often excite 
 into disease the malarial influences with which 
 the system was impregnated at the seaside, the 
 springs, and farm-houses ; hence, persons often get 
 sick soon after coming home from their summer 
 excursions, who would not, if they had remained 
 at home, or if they had kindled fires in the house 
 earlier. 
 
1/4 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 835. The beer drinker has a worse appetite, 
 loses his sight earlier, has less power of recovering 
 from bodily injuries, and dies earlier than he who 
 drinks nothing stronger than water, tea, and coffee. 
 
 836. Several forms of gouty pains, the suffering 
 from concretions about the toe and finger joints, 
 and rheumatic agonies are often promptly and 
 gratefully relieved, as well as very many other 
 pains, thus : rinse woolen flannels in water as hot 
 as can be borne, wring out, fold up in four or 
 five thicknesses and lay on the suffering spot ; 
 as soon as possible cover over with a dry folded 
 flannel larger than the damp one, cover all with a 
 piece of oiled silk to keep in the steam and pre- 
 serve the heat as long as possible ; renew every 
 five or ten minutes, according to the intensity of 
 the pain. There should be two or three sets of 
 flannels, so as to have a hot one on the painful 
 spot all the time, without a moment's intermission. 
 
 837. If a man is tired, worn out at night, his 
 whole body is weak, every muscle of it ; the stom- 
 ach, which is a combination of muscles, has its 
 share of the debility ; the entire man yearns for 
 rest ; to require him to begin another day's work 
 at once would be an absurdity ; and yet many do 
 not hesitate to eat a hearty supper when greatly 
 wearied, and then lie down to sleep, while the 
 stomach, before it can possibly rest, must work 
 five hours incessantly, in order to digest the supper 
 and pass it out of itself. If it did not thus work, 
 the man would die, before the morning, with con- 
 vulsions or cramp colic. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 1/5 
 
 838. The best time to bathe is in the morning 
 on rising, for the vigorous ; for all others, about 
 three hours after breakfast. 
 
 839. The first step towards making a man of 
 your son, is to train him to earn what he spends ; 
 the next best step is to teach him how to save his 
 earnings. 
 
 840. There is a latent feeling in almost every 
 man's mind, that those who have lived before us 
 knew a great deal less than we do ; this is espec- 
 ially the case with the young in their teens. 
 Said a youth on a visit to the old farm-house dur- 
 ing vacation, "Father, do you know there are 
 three birds on the dish ? " " No, my son. How 
 do you make that out ? " Pointing to them, " That 
 is one, and that is two, and everybody knows that 
 one and two make three." " Waiter," said the old 
 man, " take this bird' to your mistress, and bring 
 the other to me, my son can have the third one." 
 Making glass was long supposed to be a modern 
 discovery, but it has been found in the excavations 
 at Herculaneum and Pompeii, where it has lain 
 buried for two thousand years. The calculations 
 of the ancient Egyptians in reference to the times 
 of the planets were as accurate as ours. To this 
 very day we send to the land of Tubal Cain, to 
 Damascus, for steel to make the main springs for 
 our finest chronometers, and the oil and wine for 
 the sick of three thousand years ago have never 
 been improved upon as medicinal agents in vari- 
 ous ailments. 
 
176 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 841. Of two persons taking exercise for the 
 health, one walking five miles to a post and then 
 walking back again, another receiving an encour- 
 aging remuneration for the same, the latter would 
 derive many-fold more benefit. 
 
 842. Sometimes the very men who during their 
 earthly pilgrimage were working out the greater 
 problems of the ages, were bedaubed by the scur- 
 rility of their cotemporaries, and thought fanatical 
 if not insane, but their biographies after ,death 
 have made them out the world's benefactors. 
 
 843. A man can speak more efficiently when he 
 is full of his subject than when he is full of him- 
 self. 
 
 844. Dyspepsia is almost always caused by eat- 
 ing between meals. 
 
 845. It is a bad practice to get into the habit of 
 having the feet resting on- something artificially* 
 warmed ; it weakens the circulation and nature 
 seems to look for it more and more ; true natural 
 warmth always comes from within. 
 
 846. It is said that the tiniest quantity of musk 
 will fill the room with its odor for many months, 
 and so the impression which a lovely character 
 leaves on the mind and memory lasts for a life- 
 time, but " the memory of the wicked shall rot." 
 
 847. It is not one of the least beneficences of 
 our Creator that the cloudy days of youth are lost 
 in its gladsome sunshine, so that when we look 
 back upon it, the whole mind is filled with pleasant 
 memories. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 
 
 848. When writing to the old folks at home, fill 
 your sheet to the bottom line on every side. Tell 
 about little things, just as you would if you were 
 to pay them a visit ; tell all the news which has 
 reference to yourself or your family, of your plans 
 and purposes, and the pleasant things your chil- 
 dren say about them. Do not spare expressions 
 of gratitude for all their care of you when you 
 were growing up. Every now and then contrive 
 to send them some little token of remembrance, 
 and if possible, by some of your neighbors rather 
 than by post or express ; this will give them op- 
 portunities of hearing of you, making inquiries, 
 and of learning the favorable opinions of you in 
 the community. It is particularly gratifying to a 
 parent's heart to know you are well thought of, 
 and that you are doing well and growing up in 
 influence. Things like these will be delicious food 
 to feed upon, and will give them many a happy 
 hour in thinking .and talking about them to one 
 another, when life outside has lost its glitter, and 
 hopes have faded, and the friends of their youth 
 are dead or gone away. 
 
 849. A physician once advised a poor patient 
 to " take a walk on an empty stomach ; " " On 
 whose stomach ? " feebly inquired the invalid. No 
 one ought to exercise while very hungry, because 
 hunger and debility are inseparably connected, and 
 if on a full stomach still greater injury results to 
 man and beast ; both brute and bird rest or doze 
 after a full meal. 
 
 12 
 
178 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 850. Said my father one day to his overseer, 
 an honest, hard-working Dutchman, "Well, Un- 
 cle Henry, when you speak to a man on the road 
 and he does not answer back, what do you do ? " 
 " Oh, I zhust goes along, and tinks about somepin 
 else." That is a true philosophy, and perhaps 
 these are the only words of all the millions those 
 men spoke in a lifetime of three-score years and ten 
 which were ever put in print. How little did they 
 imagine that their casual remarks would provoke 
 a pleasant smile on many a face long after they 
 were dead and gone. 
 
 851. Visit your parents. Never allow weather 
 or want of time or considerations of expense or 
 convenience prevent it, short and often if in the 
 same town, or if at a distance, make it a point 
 now and then to go back to the old home, and 
 talk about old times, and tell them how you are do- 
 ing. They are old now, and are very much alone. 
 There are no young people about the house to at- 
 tract others, and most of those of their own age 
 have passed away ; they need some break in the 
 loneliness of their homes, every visit of a child is 
 pure happiness, and when the message comes, 
 " They are dead," your first regret will be that you 
 had not done more to make them happy, and to 
 smooth their pathway to their last resting place. 
 
 852. To observant people, the dress sets off the 
 character quite as much as the body ; it should 
 fit the character as well as the person. 
 
 853. An unintentional deception is not a lie. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 179 
 
 854. Whatever is intended to deceive is a false- 
 hood a lie. 
 
 855. It does not require a word to make a lie, it 
 is the intention which constitutes the meanness of 
 the crime. " What are you doing my child ? " " I 
 am trying, grandma, -to steal papa's hat out of the 
 room without the gentleman seeing it ; papa 
 wants him to think he is out." The parent, in 
 this case, was the liar, and he was training his son 
 in his footsteps. 
 
 856. That dress is most perfect which is 
 adapted to the season, the calling, the age and 
 condition of the wearer. 
 
 857. A judicious application of cold or warm 
 water will alleviate, arrest, or cure more of pain or 
 sickness than any score of medicines ever known. 
 
 858. Cottle, Coleridge, and Wordsworth took a 
 drive ; the first unharnessed the horse from the 
 vehicle after great difficulty, but neither he nor 
 the poet could get the collar from the neck. 
 The everlasting talker was called ; he declared it 
 was a " downright impossibility," and that the 
 horse's head must have grown since the collar was 
 put on. " La, master ! " said the maid, " turn the 
 collar upside down." Newton's mind was said to 
 have been disturbed by a large hole having been 
 cut in the door to let the cat in, and not a small 
 one for the kitten ; so little do great minds, some- 
 times, interest themselves in the small affairs of 
 life, and yet it is the little things which most 
 annoy or most add to its pleasures. 
 
180 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 859. As it is the warmth generated from within 
 us which makes us comfortable, so it is from 
 what is within that we are made happy, not from 
 that without. 
 
 860. A cool head, warm feet, and daily defeca- 
 tion are the great safeguards against sickness, and 
 there is no health without them. 
 
 86 1. No snow-flake ever reaches the surface of 
 the earth without gathering some tarnish from the 
 air through which it has fallen ; so the purest 
 characters are soiled in their contact with the 
 world. 
 
 862. Spring fevers and other spring diseases do 
 not result from impurities accumulated during the 
 winter, but from too hearty eating, from the use 
 of tonics, from too early changes in clothing, and 
 a premature putting out of fires. 
 
 863. Any one is liable to be placed under cir- 
 cumstances in which a pin or a string may be 
 worth dollars ; or the knowledge of an exact 
 weight or measure may be an exceeding gratifica- 
 tion ; thus, four copper cents, side by side, meas- 
 ure three inches ; a five cent silver piece is the 
 exact size of a three dollar gold coin, and laid side 
 by side fifty of them make a French meter or 
 39 1-3 inches, while the weight of three coins is 
 just half an ounce, a single letter rate ; a silver 
 dime weighs 21-2 grammes, a silver half dollar 
 12 1-2, the two 15 grammes, and 453 1-2 grammes 
 make one pound ; fifteen grains are about one 
 gramme, or half an ounce ; a knot is i 1-7 miles. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 1 8 1 
 
 864. One of the cheapest and most efficient 
 chest protectors, when unexpectedly exposed to 
 cold, raw winds, is a folded newspaper inside the 
 vest. 
 
 865. That man who has resources within him- 
 self to entertain, amuse, or otherwise agreeably 
 occupy his mind, is happier and richer than a 
 Croesus who is miserable without company. 
 
 866. The height of a tree or house is ascer- 
 tained by sun or moonshine thus : measure your 
 own shadow, then the shadow of the object, and, 
 knowing your own height in inches, divide the 
 object shadow by yours, multiply by your inches 
 and divide by twelve, which gives the feet. 
 
 867. " What is ' false witness/ my daughter ? " 
 '* It 's when nobody did anything and somebody 
 went and told it." This is slander, which often 
 wrenches the heart with agony and sometimes kills. 
 
 868. A far greater courage is it to silently en- 
 dure a groundless defamation, than to march up 
 to the cannon's mouth. 
 
 869. It is many times better and easier to live 
 down a slander than to contradict or demand an 
 investigation, for that means its communication to 
 a still larger number. 
 
 870. There is not food enough in London at 
 any time to feed its four millions of population but 
 a few days. If an enemy were to land and cut its 
 northern and western railroad, it would be starved 
 into submission in less than a fortnight. Such 
 are the dependences of all human things. 
 
1 82 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 871. A sense of the ridiculous, coming unex- 
 pectedly, is sometimes equal to a medicine, by the 
 stimulating influences of a hearty laugh. " Go 
 away from the stove, my child, the weather is not 
 cold." " I 'm not heating the weather, father, only 
 my hands." 
 
 872. Educate your children from the age of four 
 years, or even earlier, to eat plain, nourishing food, 
 instead of pies, pastries, and puddings ; and to eat 
 at the regular meals and at no other time, instead 
 of nibbling at everything their eyes fall upon ; not 
 that the articles named are unhealthy when well 
 made, but the habit of eating them may not be 
 easily broken up, and because there are so many 
 circumstances into which we may be thrown 
 wherein it may be impossible to procure them, 
 and the want of them may cause considerable 
 inconvenience and discomfort, not only to our- 
 selves but to others. 
 
 873. Man is an adaptable animal, intended to 
 live, and thrive, and flourish in all latitudes and in 
 all climes, and to be surrounded with a great va- 
 riety of changing circumstances, and he can live 
 healthfully and long under the equator or at the 
 poles, if he will only conduct himself in wise ac- 
 cordance with his surroundings. 
 
 874. Appetite is a seeking for, a taking to ; and 
 whatever healthfully nourishes and healthfully sat- 
 isfies the thirst, that is good to eat and good to 
 drink, for He that has made us has " given us all 
 things richly to enjoy." 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 183 
 
 875. If food is taken into the stomach in pea- 
 sized pieces, it is reasonably well digested if not 
 chewed at all-, much more so if leisurely chewed. 
 
 876. Corpulency is a disease arising from the 
 circumstance that certain portions of nutriment 
 received into the system have not been appro- 
 priated to its nourishment, hence are stored up 
 as if for future use, and to that extent impedes 
 locomotion, shortens the breath, incapacitates for 
 exercise, and hastens the close of life always. 
 
 877. The liver, weighing about four pounds, 
 and situated at the lower edge of the ribs on the 
 right side, is the great wheel of life's machine ; it 
 regulates the whole mechanism of man ; when it 
 " acts," that is, works well, then every other wheel, 
 gland, and factory in the system works well, and 
 there is general good health ; if it does not work 
 well, which means its becoming torpid, the whole 
 system begins to get out of order, the head aches, 
 there is a bad taste in the mouth of mornings, 
 food does not taste good, there is a poor appetite, 
 the feet are cold, the bowels constipated, the whole 
 body is chilly, and the least thing in the world 
 gives a cold, while there is a miserable feeling all 
 over. Some, but not all of these symptoms are 
 present when the liver is torpid ; to say nothing 
 of the mental condition, which is fretful, peevish, 
 complaining, and depressed. The remedy for this 
 state of affairs is daily riding on a trotting horse, 
 or steady exercise or work in the open air for sev- 
 eral hours every day, to the extent of causing 
 gentle perspiration. 
 
1 84 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 878. Biliousness is the result of the bile not 
 being withdrawn from the blood by the healthful 
 action of the liver. The effect is that the skin or 
 eyes get a yellow tinge, which is the color of the 
 bile, or there is loss of appetite, low spirits, and 
 other discomforts. This bile is composed mainly 
 of those portions of the body, which, having sub- 
 served their purpose, have now become waste ma- 
 terial to be removed from the system, being no 
 further needed. This bile is passed out of the liver 
 into the alimentary canal just below the stomach, 
 giving the dejections the familiar yellow color, and 
 causing that daily action of the bowels, without 
 which there can be no good health for forty-eight 
 hours. In this is seen the wonderful wisdom and 
 economy of the great maker of our frames. This 
 very waste matter, called bile, in its way out of the 
 system, is made to promote that peculiar motion 
 of the intestines which prevents constipation, 
 which may be generally obviated by steady exer- 
 cise or labor in the open air,' or by the free use of 
 fruits and berries, in conjunction with coarse 
 bread, wheaten gruels, or oatmeal porridge. 
 
 879. Indiscriminate daily cold water bathing is 
 the fanaticism of ignorance. 
 
 880. No one, sick or well, young or old, should 
 be waked up out of a sound sleep it is an out- 
 rage against nature unless the house is on fire. 
 
 88 1. The most famous authors have never been 
 able to write more than four or five hours every 
 day. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 185 
 
 882. All living things are blessings in their 
 places, have indispensable uses, and what the 
 uses are, we are gradually finding out. The com- 
 mon house fly is considered a pest, and it has 
 been noticed that they are most numerous, where 
 there is most sickness and most filth ; then it fol- 
 lows that where there are most flies, there are the 
 most elements of disease. The fly is constantly 
 sliding its legs over its wings and body, and 
 bringing them to its mouth, gathering its food in 
 the shape of innumerable insects, which pounce 
 upon it from the air and bite it ; thus the fly is 
 made to work, to earn its living. These minute in- 
 sects are taken into the lungs at each breath, and 
 poison the blood. The fly, then, is a valuable scav- f 
 enger, making the air more fit to breathe every 
 instant. The fly and the worm feed the bird, 
 which eats its weight of worms in a day, and the 
 bird feeds man, who is destined to immortality ; 
 and thus it is that all created things have their 
 uses : the fly fattens on the microscopic insect 
 which poisons the air ; the tiniest birds feed upon 
 the fly which had consumed the insect, and man 
 feeds upon the bird ; the fly purifies the air we 
 breathe and the bird feeds upon the worms which 
 destroy the crops which are to give us bread. 
 
 883. Never war against the instincts of unre- 
 sisting childhood, it is a barbarism. 
 
 884. To eat wisely, we must adapt our food to 
 our age, to the various occupations and callings 
 of life, and to the temperaments of 'the system. 
 
1 86 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 885. Never go to bed at night until everything 
 is put to rights, and the clothing on a chair near 
 the bedside, so that in case of alarm or hurry it 
 may be found mechanically and nothing over- 
 turned. For want of this a man was waked up 
 suddenly, and stooping down to find something, 
 his eye was scooped out by coming in contact 
 with the sharp point in the back of a chair. It is 
 said that Whitefield could not compose himself to 
 sleep until his riding-whip and gloves were in their 
 accustomed place. 
 
 886. What cures a man of one ailment may 
 kill another suffering from the same disease, ow- 
 ing to the difference in stage, duration, and aggra- 
 vation, and the strength of the constitution ; and 
 yet there are multitudes who unhesitatingly and 
 blindly take a medicine because it seemed to have 
 cured a disease in another person. 
 
 887. " Uncle Sam is rich enough to give us all 
 a farm ; " and if, in his affection, he were to place a 
 beautiful cottage on each, and fence and stock it, 
 there would, in all probability, be quite as great 
 a difference in the condition of individuals at 
 the end of fifty years as now ; and perhaps a 
 greater, for it is the men who have been compelled 
 to industries who have brought the world to its 
 present high civilization, for man is naturally a 
 lazy animal, and only works from compulsion. 
 
 888. Alcoholic drinks have no power to prevent 
 any disease, but they have the power to cause 
 many. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. l8/ 
 
 889. As to children, persuade rather than pun- 
 ish ; convince rather than correct ; bear rather 
 than beat, and never take advantage of their un- 
 resisting helplessness, " For of such is the king- 
 dom of heaven." 
 
 890. The constitution, like a new garment, lasts 
 the longer by being taken good care of. 
 
 891. Seven thousand persons died last year, 
 in Philadelphia, from 'avoidable diseases, and as 
 each death involves an average of twenty-eight 
 days' sickness, there was a clear loss of five hun- 
 dred and sixty years of labor of one man unneces- 
 sarily. 
 
 892. Counting five fingers on one hand, may aid 
 in enumerating as many practical items of prime 
 importance in reference to the preservation of the 
 health : i. Eat regularly. 2. Keep the feet warm. 
 3. Get the utmost amount of sleep. 4. Have one 
 daily action of the bowels. 5. Spend one or two 
 hours out of every twenty-four in cheery out-door 
 activities. 
 
 893. Night is the time for rest of body and 
 brain, both for the student and laborer ; and they 
 who sleep most and best will have " the most to 
 show for it " at the " counting up " of life's work. 
 
 894. In connection with the transactions of 
 men, debt has engendered more bitterness, rup- 
 tured more friendships, ruined more estates, 
 blasted more reputations, and planted thorns in 
 more human pillows than all other causes of 
 human sorrow combined. 
 
1 88 HO W TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 895. Each death involves an average of twenty- 
 eight days of sickness ; that is, for every person 
 dying twenty-eight persons are sick one day. 
 
 896. In doing things, sometimes, we feel con- 
 scious of running a risk of injury, knowing in 
 fact that harm has been suffered heretofore in 
 that very way ; but then there is a kind of hope- 
 fulness comes over us that somehow or other we 
 shall escape this time, and thus we recklessly im- 
 peril health, comfort, and happiness on a " may be 
 it wont hurt us this time," and yet it oftener does 
 hurt. We do suffer and sometimes die from a de- 
 liberate imprudence, acting against our own better 
 judgment. One of our richest bankers, who had 
 expended a million of money on his country seat, 
 started, after a late dinner, to walk for exercise 
 from his Fifth Avenue mansion to the opera ; 
 very unexpectedly there was a slight shower, so 
 slight that he thought it would not dampen his 
 clothing hurtfully ; he sat out the music, returned 
 home, had a chill, and died of inflammation of the 
 lungs pneumonia in four days. 
 
 897. Our first care in life should be to lay up 
 money to meet our own wants without a perad- 
 venture, this insures a manly independence ; the 
 next should be the higher and nobler aim to work 
 on and apply a portion of our surplus towards 
 helping others to help themselves and for the care 
 of the disabled, the sick, and the unfortunate. 
 
 898. Yielding to self indulgence corrupts both 
 manners and morals. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 189 
 
 898. Stammering is much like the tremor of a 
 locomotive at rest, while the fires are fiercely 
 burning ; it fairly shivers for need of the outlet of 
 the steam. The stammerer is so full of nervous 
 energy and the efforts to put it forth at the end 
 of the tongue, that this energy crowds the con- 
 ducting capacity of the nerves, and they can- 
 not work ; all that has to be done to rectify the 
 malady completely in one minute's time is to 
 make an outlet to the nerve steam in more di- 
 rections than one. No man stammers in singing, 
 because part of the attention is directed toward the 
 music and part to the words and their meaning, 
 and to the notes. A man who commits a speech 
 to memory never stutters in its delivery, because 
 part of the nervous force is directed to remember- 
 ing the words. A man who counts or speaks by 
 beating time, or will tap anything with his finger 
 at each syllable, has no impediment in his speech. 
 So all that the worst stammerer has to do is to 
 study and practice deliberation in utterance. 
 
 899. The brain is clearest for study in the 
 morning ; but they will study the longest and best 
 and with the least fatigue who take a very light 
 breakfast before commencing their brain work. 
 
 900. Legitimate money making by any congen- 
 ial employment which is encouragingly remunera- 
 tive is a most efficient medicine : it enlivens the 
 spirits, invigorates the circulation, and wakes up 
 the whole man to a new energy, adding a lease to 
 life of at least ten per cent. 
 
HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 901. The tiny bacteriae, a thousand millions of 
 which would not make a bulk equal to a grain of 
 sand, produce yeast if put into an alcoholic fer- 
 ment, but if introduced into vinegar, grow into 
 elongated forms and develop into the mushroom 
 and other shapes, each form causing a particular 
 disease : the spiral associated with relapsing fever ; 
 the dumb-bell with putrefactive maladies and ma- 
 lignant pustules ; the united-headed or chain-shaped 
 ever present in carbuncle, cholera, diarrhoea, and 
 the like. So the human character and constitution 
 are shaped by the surroundings of young life ; if 
 these are a pure atmosphere and a busy life, there 
 will follow health, vigor, and success ; but if the 
 child be enveloped in filth, with the belongings of 
 idle and vicious associates, he grows up into a 
 deformity, moral, mental, and physical. 
 
 872. We may be sure .that nothing was created 
 in vain. Scarce a day passes that human research 
 does not develop uses for things which were never 
 before dreamed of. Boracic acid thrown over grass 
 destroys it promptly and permanently, and kills, in- 
 stantly, millions of microscopic animalcules. One 
 part of a ten per cent, solution of it will keep eight 
 times as much milk sweet for a week ; lint steeped 
 in a hot,, saturated solution of it prevents putre- 
 factive discharges in sores, wounds, and amputa- 
 tions. Everywhere around us do we find that 
 many things can be adapted to many uses, and all 
 for man's benefit, by the beneficence of the Om- 
 nipotent One. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. IQI 
 
 903. Once get a child to save money from prin- 
 ciple, for legitimate purposes, and he is safe for all 
 time, for you thereby teach him the lesson of 
 economy and self-denial, which are at the founda- 
 tion of success and fortune. 
 
 904. It would do the living world more good to 
 give the dead an honest kick for their misdeeds 
 than to pass them over in silence. On the other 
 hand, the praising of the living while they are 
 struggling for the accomplishment of great ends, 
 would many a time be an inspiration to them, and 
 would bear them onward with redoubled speed to 
 triumphant success. 
 
 905. To give a child or any one else more for 
 doing a thing than it is fairly worth, is to offer a 
 premium for habits of extortion, extravagance, and 
 ultimate beggary. 
 
 906. It is enough to give a man forty fits to 
 attend an examination at a public school, there is 
 such a melancholy sternness in the manner of 
 proposing the simplest questions. " Who made 
 the world in seven days ? " asked a teacher with 
 grim death marked on every lineament, and a poor 
 little girl blubbered out, " I did, sir ; but I wont 
 do it any more." 
 
 907. One of the most pressing wants of the 
 American people is family amusement, family en- 
 joyment, family pastimes, as a means of making 
 home more inviting than the opera, the club- 
 house, and the street, to wife, husband, and chil- 
 dren. 
 
TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 908. The quick step and cheerful tone of the 
 physician who has the confidence of his patient 
 does more good than his medicines, in many cases. 
 
 909. The unspeakable sadness of the consump- 
 tive's face often kills him before his time. 
 
 910. Seldom a day passes that we do not hear 
 of some man who has committed suicide on ac- 
 count of pecuniary reverses, and by so doing a 
 wife and children are left, in all their helplessness, 
 to bear burdens which the head of the family 
 could not any longer live under. Whatever may 
 be life's calamities, never give up ; have the moral 
 courage still to do and dare. " Rich at forty or 
 never," is silly in its absurdity. The martyred Lin- 
 coln failed at everything, and never had a home 
 of his own, and that a very humble wooden struc- 
 ture, until he was past forty ; the greatest soldier 
 of the age had met with disaster at every turn in 
 life, and at forty hauled wood to town at forty dol- 
 lars a month, and to-day a world does him honor. 
 One night a man was hooted down in the Brit- 
 ish Parliament for the impertinent absurdity of 
 his attempting to address them, and to-day he is 
 England's prime minister, as honored as he is 
 capable. Let the struggling, then, hope on, for, 
 as Bulwer has said, there awaits " a profound and 
 excellent satisfaction for the man who can look 
 back on past struggles, and feel that he has not 
 lived in vain," and has succeeded at last. 
 
 911. Cheerfulness is not an American charac- 
 teristic ; a sad thoughtfulness in the expression 
 of the countenance is almost universal. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 193 
 
 912. There are some persons who are kind and 
 forbearing, who are light and cheerful and good- 
 natured in a state of poverty which leans on the 
 toil of to-day for to-night's supper and the morn- 
 ing's breakfast ; they would exhibit the same 
 qualities, whether living in a palace or sitting 
 upon a throne. 
 
 913. No case is remembered where persons 
 have returned to life, after they were believed to 
 have been dead, that the testimony has not been 
 given to the effect that in the very act of depar- 
 ture the last-remembered sensations were not 
 merely pleasurable but exquisite. A titled lady 
 exclaimed, " Why did you bring me back to earth." 
 A drowned man passed away with strains of the 
 most delightful music striking upon his ears. The 
 man cut down from the gallows had a vision of 
 entering Paradise, surrounded with all its glories. 
 And now a lady, struck dead by lightning, as was 
 supposed, says, " I feel quite sure that death from 
 lightning must be absolutely painless, for I had 
 a feeling of gently dying away into darkness." 
 Surely we do ourselves a great wrong, and the 
 Merciful One who made death, also, to cherish 
 the idea that it is "dreadful," for a correct and 
 substantiated physiology has demonstrated that 
 in the hour and article of death from disease, for 
 several minutes and sometimes for hours before 
 departure, the feeling of pain is an absolute impos- 
 sibility ; there may be an appearance of it, but it 
 is a manifest, unfelt muscular disturbance. 
 
 13 
 
194 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 HEALTH'S THREE ESSENTIALS. 
 914. All who are now in health can keep well,! 
 and three out of four of those suffering from the 
 common transient ailments of life can be perfectly 
 cured by giving a steady, judicious attention to 
 the three following rules : Rule first. Never eat 
 between meals, nor take anything for supper but a 
 single piece of cold bread and butter, and a glass 
 of water, or one cup of any kind' of hot drink. 
 Rule second. Secure one regular, free, and full 
 daily action of the bowels every morning after 
 breakfast, by the use of your ordinary food. To 
 this end, do not leave your home until there is an 
 inclination to stool, then, as you value a long and 
 healthful life, do not defer the call for anything 
 short of a fire or a fit ; rather cherish the inclina- 
 tion. If it does not come within half an hour of 
 the regular time, solicit nature. If unsuccessful, 
 do not eat anything until next morning unless a 
 passage is secured. Meanwhile, drink as much 
 cold water, or hot tea, as you desire, and keep ex- 
 ercising (tenfold better if in the open air), to the 
 extent of sustaining a scarcely perceptible per- 
 spiration for the greater part of the day, for if food 
 is steadily passed into the mouth, and there is no 
 corresponding outgo, harm is inevitable. If, dur- 
 ing the second day, the bowels do not move, live ex- 
 clusively on oatmeal porridge and grapes or baked 
 apples, until they do move. Rule third. Cool off 
 very slowly after all forms of exercise ; the neg- 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 195 
 
 lect of this lights up the fires of most of the diseases 
 which afflict humanity. Cool off slowly by putting 
 on more clothing than while exercising, instead of 
 laying aside some, .even a hat or a bonnet ; go to a 
 closed room rather than sit or stand out of doors ; 
 sit by a good fire rather than an open window ; 
 or keep in motion, so as to allow the perspiration 
 or any extra warmth to disappear very gradually 
 indeed. If a fourth rule were added, it should be 
 to keep one end of the body the feet always 
 dry and warm, and the other the head cool 
 and clean, by spending two minutes in midwinter, 
 more in midsummer, in washing, with ordinary 
 cold water, the Scalp, if the hair is short, the ears, 
 neck, throat, arm-pits, upper part of chest and 
 arms ; rub dry briskly, dress quickly, and go to 
 breakfast. These same observances will incalcu- 
 lably mitigate every disease to which man is sub- 
 ject ; will moderate every pain and will soothe 
 every sigh ; and a pity is it beyond expression 
 that every person does not know and habitually 
 practice them. 
 
 915. The Duke of Wellington never dressed 
 of a morning, without putting his head out of the 
 window to determine the temperature and the 
 wind, and dressed accordingly. 
 
 916. Twenty-five men out of every hundred 
 thousand in the United States commit suicide ; 
 but only three women, showing that the latter 
 bear trouble more heroically than does the sterner 
 sex. 
 
196 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 917. Labor, sufficiently remunerative to afford 
 some daily leisure for reading and study, and for 
 acquiring a practical knowledge of the laws of our 
 being, with temperance and thrift, is the great 
 means of adding to human health and life ; but 
 the more important ingredient, happiness, is only 
 to be found in obeying, loving, and serving Him 
 " who giveth us all things richly to enjoy." 
 
 918. There is no sorrow so crushing, so ove,r- 
 whelming, so utterly irremediable as that for the 
 dear dead wife,- 1 - the wife of your first love, of your 
 buoyant, hopeful youth, with all its new experi- 
 ences, its sweet revelations, its early struggles, its 
 mutual aims, its hopes, its labors, and its fruitions. 
 For long years together you worked side by side, 
 hand in hand. She shared your troubles and 
 kissed away half their severity. She doubled your 
 gladness by the pleasure it gave her to see you 
 happy. And when in the lapse of time you had 
 arrived at a position which enabled you to take 
 life easy, and enjoy it as you had never done be- 
 fore, a heavenly hand takes her from your side 
 and transports her into the paradise of God, where 
 you may not follow her now. You want to tell 
 her how sweetly she died. How her friends gath- 
 ered around her funeral bier, and in their affection 
 strewed white flowers upon her bosom ; how lov- 
 ingly and long they gazed on the dear familiar face, 
 so beautifully calm in death, a heavenly sweetness 
 so pervading every lineament as to give to it an 
 angel seeming. You want to tell her, too, how 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 1 97 
 
 the last, long, fond kiss almost broke your heart, 
 and how you wanted to die when they covered 
 her face from your sight forever. And then as 
 the weary weeks pass on how busy memory brings 
 up the forgotten past with its long array of loving 
 acts, of spontaneous tenderness, of self-abnega- 
 tions, of sleepless vigilance, of instinctive solici- 
 tude ; how you would give your life away for one 
 short interview. But it cannot be. She is an 
 angel now, and in her heavenly purity waits in 
 patient affection for the time when it shall be the 
 Master's will to bring you to his feet, and make 
 of you an angel too. 
 
 919. Beautifully has it been said of "The Dead 
 Wife : " " In comparison with that loss, all other 
 bereavements are trifles. The wife ! She who fills 
 so large a space in the domestic heaven, she who 
 is so busy, so unweary ; bitter, bitter is the tear 
 which falls on her clay. You stand beside her 
 grave and think of the past, an amber colored 
 pathway, where the sun shone upon beautiful 
 flowers, or the stars hung glittering in the sky. 
 No thorns are remembered above that sweet clay 
 save those which your own hand may have unwit- 
 tingly planted. Her noble, tender heart lies open 
 to your inmost sight. You think of her as all 
 gentleness, goodness, and purity. But she is dead. 
 The dear head which so often laid upon your 
 bosom now rests on a pillow of clay. The soft 
 hands which ministered so entirely to your every 
 want, are folded white and cold beneath the 
 
198 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 gloomy portals. The heart, whose every beat 
 measured an eternity of love, lies still under your 
 very feet. There is no white arm over your shoul- 
 der now. No speaking face to look up into the 
 eye of love. No smile to greet you at the night- 
 fall ; and the clock ticks and strikes and ticks 
 again ; it was sweet music when she could hear 
 it, and you sat at her side ; but many a tale it 
 tells now of joys departed, and beautiful words 
 and deeds now registered above. You feel as- 
 sured that she is in a happier world, and like to 
 imagine that with an angel presence she is often 
 at your side. Cherish these emotions. Let her 
 holy presence be as a charm to keep you from evil. 
 Never forget what she has been to you, and be 
 tender of her memory." 
 
 920. The great aim of the mass of mankind is 
 to get money enough ahead to make them " com- 
 fortable." But money can never purchase comfort, 
 only the means of it. 
 
 921. The one talent for an habitual disposition 
 to look on the bright side of things is worth ten 
 thousand dollars. That old darkey was not less a 
 philosopher than Socrates who exclaimed, with his 
 whole countenance lighted up with a broad grin, 
 " I '11 live in hopes if I die in despair ! " 
 
 922. No one ought to feel certain of having 
 been cured of anything until some time has 
 elapsed to enable him to ascertain whether the ail- 
 ment has only been transferred to some more dan- 
 gerous part. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 
 
 199 
 
 923. A man may be " comfortable " without a 
 dollar, only if he has the right disposition, that is, 
 a head and heart in the right place. 
 
 924. As the poet says : 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 If 
 
 I'd 
 
 Once 
 Had 
 
 Money 
 And 
 
 Lent 
 My 
 Money 
 To 
 
 Asked 
 My 
 Money 
 Of 
 
 Lost 
 
 My 
 Money 
 And 
 
 I 
 
 Had 
 Money 
 And 
 
 Keep 
 
 My 
 Money 
 And 
 
 A 
 
 Friend 
 
 My 
 Friend 
 
 My 
 Friend 
 
 My 
 Friend 
 
 A 
 Friend 
 
 My 
 Friend 
 
 On 
 
 And 
 
 And 
 
 For 
 
 As 
 
 And 
 
 Both 
 I 
 
 Took 
 His 
 
 Nought 
 But 
 
 Sue 
 Him 
 
 Once 
 I 
 
 Play 
 The 
 
 Set 
 
 Word 
 
 Words 
 
 I 
 
 Had 
 
 Fool 
 
 Great 
 
 There 
 
 I 
 
 Would 
 
 Be 
 
 No 
 
 Store 
 
 For 
 
 Got 
 
 Not 
 
 Fore 
 
 More. 
 
 925. A very safe sentiment is announced in 
 the Old Testament, " He that hateth suretyship 
 is sure ;" and quite as judicious is the injunction 
 in the New, " Owe no man anything." 
 
 926. Neuralgia is literally a nerve ache, but as 
 we feel through the nerves, every pain is a neural- 
 gia, and as there is a blood vessel beside every 
 nerve, if it is over-distended with blood, pain is 
 an inevitable result, because the over-distension 
 presses against the nerve, which does not admit 
 the very slightest touch without complaining, as 
 witness that of a nerve of the tooth ; hence all 
 pains can be relieved either by diminishing the 
 amount of blood in the body by bleeding, or by 
 drawing it from the complaining part to some 
 other point, as by a mustard-plaster. 
 
20O HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 927. Give as much as you please, promptly, 
 generously, and with a cheerful willingness. Do as 
 much as you have a mind to in the way of per- 
 sonal service in aiding others, but never obligate 
 yourself to pay money at a future time by word 
 or bond or the faintest implication. What worries 
 would not this simple rule prevent ; what remorses, 
 what humiliations, what heart-tortures, what false- 
 hoods, what meannesses, what awful crimes, even 
 unto perjury and blood. 
 
 928. Queen Elizabeth, Shakespeare, Bacon, and 
 Ben Jonson were cotemporaries when human life 
 averaged about twenty years ; now it is more than 
 double, in consequence of the investigations of 
 medical men into the laws of health and of life, 
 and the dissemination of the knowledge of them 
 among the people. 
 
 929. When in good health it is better to eat ac- 
 cording to the tastes and instincts, than by rule, 
 weight, or measure. At the same time it is better 
 to keep in mind some general principles, and pre- 
 fer coarse breads and fruits and berries and 
 melons, and other cooling and opening food in 
 summer, and those of a warming character in 
 cold weather, such as meats, fats, sugars, oils, and 
 buckwheat cakes. 
 
 930. There is only one safe way to attempt 
 saving a drowning person, thus : approach him 
 from behind, clasp him so as to pinion his arms 
 to his side, or hold him at arm's length by the 
 hair of his head. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2OI 
 
 931. The dull ache arises from too much blood 
 being in the veins, the sharp pain from too much 
 in the arteries. 
 
 932. In all departments of business except the 
 medical, a valuable secret is locked up in the 
 breast of the discoverer, or its monopoly is se- 
 cured by a patent for the benefit of the individual. 
 If the uses of ether or nitrous oxyde or chloro- 
 form in surgery, had been concealed by the phy- 
 sicians who discovered them, they would have 
 been the richest men on the globe. They told all 
 they knew and died poor. 
 
 933. Many laud a remedy to the skies, it being 
 the last thing they took previous to convalescence, 
 forgetting they might have got well without it. It 
 was in this way that so great a man as Bishop 
 Berkeley became an enthusiast about the virtues 
 of tar water. In the end he wrote a pamphlet 
 recommending it as a valuable remedy in almost 
 every form of disease. But it somehow or other 
 happened, that when the Bishop was attacked 
 with his final illness, there was not a spoonful of 
 tar in " all the region round about," and he died. 
 To-day the most ordinary apothecary would not 
 give a dime for an ocean of tar water as a remedy. 
 
 934. We have kept one servant seven years, 
 another twenty, in the same house. Treat them 
 politely, pay them promptly, keep them at a dis- 
 tance, allow no slackness, respect their feelings, 
 and religion, and show them that you have an in- 
 terest in their welfare. 
 
2O2 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 935. It is more tiresome to stand than to be in 
 motion, because all the muscles are on a strain ; 
 but when walking, some are at rest while others 
 are in requisition. The dying always assume a 
 position on the back, because almost every muscle 
 in the body is relaxed ; hence there is no expendi- 
 ture of strength ; so, when very tired, that is the 
 best position to assume. 
 
 936. The most frequent cause of insanity is ill- 
 health, induced by over-eating, insufficient exer- 
 cise, intemperance, yielding to trouble and care, 
 and mental anxiety. The almost certain remedies 
 against these being a more general cultivation of 
 out-door activities, a greater attention to some 
 form of stirring business, giving preference to 
 those occupations which are congenial, absorbing, 
 and encouragingly remunerative. 
 
 937. No wonder the minister died, as James T. 
 Fields relates ; said he to a farmer in a gloomy 
 little town, why don't you do something to amuse 
 yourselves of winter nights, a course of lectures, 
 for example ? " Well now, mister, we tried that 
 some years ago ; we got up a course to buy a new 
 hearse ; our minister was engaged to deliver a 
 course of six lectures on mummies, but before he 
 got through he died, and we have never tried any- 
 thing in that way since." 
 
 938. Never put pen to paper in a passion. 
 
 939. Writing on a bare marble-top has often 
 originated a severe cold or other disturbance of 
 the system. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 203 
 
 940. The more you poke a coal-fire the more it 
 wont burn especially in a railway train, to the 
 great discomfort of many a weary traveller. 
 
 941. Never apply a depreciating epithet to a 
 child or servant ; it never does any good, but al- 
 ways an unmitigated harm. 
 
 942. A patient method and a steady purpose 
 with even a moderate intellect or skill will com- 
 mand ultimate success in almost any department 
 of legitimate business. 
 
 943. If the wish and the capability were united 
 in the same person, they would be directed by 
 most great men to securing an enduring name in 
 the cultivation of letters. Homer is more immor- 
 tal than Napoleon, Milton than Frederic the 
 Great. 
 
 944. Death is not dying, it is merely introdu- 
 cing us into a new mode of existence. Nor does 
 life ever end, for it is immortal ; the grave is but 
 our chrysalis, out of which state we are to come 
 into an incorruptible and an eternal existence. 
 
 945. The very best promoter of health-giving 
 cheerfulness is active remunerative employment 
 in the sunshine. 
 
 946. A father came home one day from Wall 
 Street a ruined man ; the whole family were in 
 tears, everything would be taken from them. 
 "Why, mother, they can't take away the nice 
 times we've had," said a boy of ten. 
 
 947. It is a rare thing for the brain to be over- 
 worked. 
 
2O4 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 948. A public speaker or performer should, 
 after the service and before riding or walking 
 against a cold, raw wind, 'take a good warm din- 
 ner ; this allows cooling off leisurely, strengthens 
 the body, and invigorates the circulation ; many 
 neglecting this have died of inflammation of the 
 lungs within a week. 
 
 949. It is a little thing, yet three out of four 
 habitually practice it from childhood to old age, 
 when making a mistake or blot in writing to 
 smear it out with the finger, making an unsightly 
 blur on the page. Better let it dry, and convert 
 every letter into a cypher, then reading it is im- 
 possible. 
 
 950. Few die from hard study. 
 
 951. The good old John Wesley thought that a 
 man could not have too many irons in the fire, 
 poker, shovel, and all, there being much work to 
 do and but a little time to do it in. 
 
 952. There can be no good health with habitu- 
 ally cold feet. 
 
 953. The marring of the beauty of the human 
 face from small-pox is prevented by confinement 
 to a very dark room, or by keeping out the light. 
 This may be effectually done by painting the ves- 
 icle with a camel's-hair brush dipped in honey 
 four or five times a day, the last just before retir- 
 ing at night ; this not only excludes the action of 
 the light, but also that of the air, and keeps the 
 parts moist, antagonizing fever, while allowing the 
 escape of foul emanations. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2O$ 
 
 954. From four to twenty, every tooth should 
 be critically examined twice a year, and thereafter 
 once annually, by a competent and conscientious 
 dentist ; this will insure their lasting a dozen or 
 more years longer than they otherwise would have 
 done, to say nothing of the advantages of personal 
 comeliness, the promotion of health, and the pre- 
 vention of dyspepsia by a more perfect mastication 
 of the food, for which good teeth are essential. 
 
 955. Very few persons can work or think to 
 advantage longer than four or five hours after 
 eating a regular meal, because too much of the 
 strength has been expended. 
 
 956. Natural death is one of the strongest proofs 
 of divine beneficence, 
 
 " Death is the gate of endless joy, 
 Why should we dread to enter there ? " 
 
 Suppose it always came without a sickness, with- 
 out a warning, like a clap of thunder in the clear 
 sky, in the street, the church, the counting-room, 
 the exchange, the lecture, the opera, the wedding, 
 or the ball, repeated in large towns and cities in 
 almost every hour of every day, why ! comparing 
 a single sudden death with this frequency, there 
 would be such a consternation in society, such an 
 uncertainty in business transactions, such an in- 
 cessant repetition of dreadful shocks to our sensi- 
 bilities, that every human arm would be paralyzed, 
 business would be abandoned, despair would sit 
 dominant on every brow, and every heart be 
 broken. 
 
2O6 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 957. To be always well is an attainable bless- 
 ing, the uniform result of self-denial, temper- 
 ance, and an industrious life. 
 
 958. Warmth is the heaven of three-score years 
 and ten : it gives life to the blood, activity to the 
 circulation, and vigor to the whole frame. 
 
 959. As a general rule, it is better to eat a 
 small amount at intervals of four or five hours, 
 than to allow six or eight or more hours' interval, 
 and eat a great deal. 
 
 960. Not counting the steps of the feet, the 
 work of the hands, and the motions of the body, 
 but only the motions of the little, busy, busy beat- 
 ing heart, which thumps three thousand million 
 times without a stop during our pilgrimage of 
 three-score years and ten, it propels to the utmost 
 extremity of toe and finger half a million tons of 
 blood, each stroke representing a force of thirteen 
 pounds ; and as the food we eat, the water we 
 drink, and the air we breathe supply this power, 
 they should be the purest and the freshest and the 
 best that can be found. 
 
 961. No anodyne known to the apothecary ever 
 gives natural, restful, refreshing sleep. 
 
 962. If a man wants to sleep more than he does 
 at night, he has only to spend more hours in steady 
 out-door labor during the day. 
 
 963. The first duty of the competent teacher is 
 to study the character, the capacity, and the con- 
 stitution of the pupil and then begin his liter- 
 ary instruction. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2O/ 
 
 964. A lady whose teeth were white and strong 
 and solid and perfect at three-score, said that the 
 only tooth-powder she used in girlhood was brick 
 dust at long intervals. A distinguished dentist 
 lately wrote that he is frequently astonished to 
 hear persons who have sound teeth and firm gums 
 state with some shamefacedness that they had 
 never used a tooth-brush, but had simply rinsed 
 their teeth well with water after each meal. No 
 animal or vegetable substance can commence fer- 
 mentive decay in the short interval between the 
 three daily meals ; and then the eating of each suc- 
 cessive meal dislodges what may have been left at 
 the last preceding ; but if any is left after supper 
 it will commence becoming acid before breakfast 
 next morning ; hence, the teeth should be most 
 carefully cleaned immediately after the last meal 
 of the day, which can be best done by dipping a 
 moderately stiff brush in warm water, applying it 
 well to the tops and sides, front and rear, twisting 
 the brush up and down, so that each bristle shall 
 become a tooth-pick applied to the joinings to 
 make any lodgment impossible ; two mornings in 
 the week apply the brush after it has been rubbed 
 over white soap, this will antagonize any acid 
 which might have been present ; these uses of the 
 brush, with the rinsings after each meal, with a 
 whitening with some safe powder, as pulverized 
 charcoal, once a month, is sufficient in ordinary 
 cases ; but a good dentist should examine each 
 tooth twice a year until twenty-five, and annually 
 thereafter. 
 
208 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 965. "Music hath charms to soothe the savage 
 breast," as well to-day as in the time of David, 
 who handled the harp so skillfully that he drove 
 the demon of a diseased imagination from King 
 Saul. 
 
 966. Nothing more distinctively marks the lady 
 or the gentleman than deference to the infirm and 
 to gray hairs, whatever may be the garb. 
 
 967. It is a beautiful sight to see a boy promptly 
 resign his seat to an aged person ; nothing sweeter 
 than for a little girl to be swift to lend a helping 
 hand to the old and to the helpless. 
 
 968. Politeness in a child abroad proves that 
 there is a lady-like mother at home. 
 
 969. No child under twelve should be permitted 
 to study outside the school-room, even one half 
 hour out of the twenty-four. 
 
 970. Public hygiene is a science of wide-reach- 
 ing application : it cares alike for the soldier and 
 the sailor ; for the pauper and the prisoner ; and 
 extends to the church and the school-house ; to 
 the hospital and the penitentiary ; to the barrack 
 and the ship-yard ; to the rail-car and the steam- 
 ship ; to the city street and the public highway ; 
 and all of these should be under public super- 
 vision. 
 
 971. It is a beautiful dispensation of a benefi- 
 cent Providence that we would not willingly 
 change places with any hilman being in every 
 respect ; the mmd will insist on taking some of 
 our belongings with us. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2OQ 
 
 972. It should be always borne in mind that a 
 very large proportion of all our little aches and 
 pains will pass off about as soon by letting them 
 alone as by taking something ; and the more we 
 " take " the, greater the necessity for taking ; be- 
 sides, we all know that those who are always tak- 
 ing medicine are always sick. 
 
 973. He is the man who makes things turn up, 
 instead of waiting for them to turn up. 
 
 974. Almost every condition of life has its com- 
 pensations, which help a man to feel reconciled to 
 his surroundings. 
 
 975. Our sorrows are forgotten sooner than our 
 joys ; hence, the sunshine of childhood is an im- 
 perishable memory. 
 
 976. It is a great mistake to get up two or three 
 hours earlier than usual, to do a "good day's 
 work," as it is called, because sleep, which is the 
 foundation of strength to work, being cut short 
 .that much, there is no more strength to be used 
 during the day, and not as much as if the full 
 amount of sleep had been gotten ; hence, the per- 
 son cannot work as fast, as hard, nor as long with- 
 out an extra amount of bodily debility, which must 
 be made up for by sleeping longer the next night ; 
 besides, the great loss of comfort in working a 
 whole day in weakness ; and, in addition, the mind, 
 on going to bed, is so much impressed with the 
 necessity of getting up early that it interferes with 
 the soundness and the refreshingness of the sleep 
 that is had. 
 
2IO HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 977. Because all brute and vegetable natures 
 die, and, as far as we know, that is the end of 
 them, it is not analogical to infer that man, him- 
 self a creature, too, shall die and leave no sign 
 for evermore that he ever existed, because he has 
 a spiritual nature, like his Maker, and like his 
 Maker can never die. 
 
 978. God lives and passes on along the ages of 
 eternity; and man, who alone (and not the beasts 
 of the field and the grass of the earth) was made 
 in his image, has an existence parallel with that of 
 his Maker. 
 
 979. He who wants to do a better day's work 
 than usual should go to bed earlier, sleep later, 
 and' eat more breakfast, for from food and sleep all 
 our strength comes. 
 
 980. Said the author of "Ten Years in Eastern 
 Lands," to his Chinese servant, " Did you ever see 
 the sun rise ? " " No, sir, nor have I ever known a 
 man who did." The nations of the old world from 
 centuries of observation have learned that it is 
 better not to rise very early and to eat something 
 before they go out to work. 
 
 981. A great deal of time and labor and strength 
 is wasted, especially by housekeepers, in changing 
 from one work to another ; it is better to arrange 
 that each kind of work may be continued until 
 completed, as far as practicable. 
 
 982. Fast workers very often either have to do 
 a part of their work over again from some mis- 
 take or from its being badly done. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 2 1 1 
 
 983. In 1875, a son of a corn merchant at 
 Bruges died, in his eleventh year. He had been 
 sickly all his life, so much so that he was never 
 sent to school, but used to roam about the woods 
 and river banks fishing. Since his death, about a 
 hundred paintings of his have been discovered, 
 equaling and even surpassing some of the most 
 celebrated masters. Large sums were offered 
 for their purchase. If true, the stamina of his 
 system was expended on one particular part of 
 his brain development, leaving the other portions 
 imperfectly supplied with nervous energy, the 
 stomach among the others ; hence the system was 
 imperfectly nourished, and fell an easy prey to 
 disease. Whenever an excess of devotion to a 
 particular subject, object, or study is noticed in a 
 child, it is his death-knell unless the mind is com- 
 pelled away to other pursuits. 
 
 984. Seventy-two bushels of apples were gath- 
 ered from a single tree in Spencer township, In- 
 diana ; and yet the apple is a neglected fruit on 
 perhaps half the farms in the country, while on 
 every one of them there are spots, more or less 
 numerous, where a tree might be planted, and the 
 room not missed. The apple can be kept easier 
 and longer, and at less trouble and expense, than 
 any other fruit known ; can be applied to a greater 
 number of uses ; it is more easily and speedily 
 digested, cools the system, nourishes it, acts on 
 the liver, and keeps the bodily functions in proper 
 order ; hence there should be a thousand trees for 
 every one that is now growing. 
 
212 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 985. Have your plan of work marked out for the 
 day or week in advance, and always keep ahead of 
 it ; this will save half the hurry, worry, and spoiled 
 work of life. 
 
 986. Eggs contain a considerable amount of 
 phosphorus, hence are good brain-feeders ; they 
 have more solid nutriment than beef, and we are 
 certain as to the point of cleanliness when placed 
 on the table in the shell ; they are most healthy 
 when poached or boiled four minutes. 
 
 987. When a man sets about building a dwell- 
 ing for himself, to be his home for life, he should 
 aim to have it high, dry, and well ventilated : high, 
 so as to carry off the water rapidly in every direc- 
 tion ; dry, so that the walls should not harbor 
 dampness ; and well ventilated, by having win- 
 dows on two sides of each room, if possible. 
 
 988. A house can be made so as to be cool in 
 summer and warm in winter at a small extra ex- 
 pense. Let a space of three or more inches be- 
 tween the inner wall and plaster be filled with 
 sawdust or tan ; next best is to use hollow brick ; 
 sawdust, tan, and air conduct the warmth of the 
 room away very slowly in winter, and after absorb- 
 ing a certain amount of sun-heat in summer, will 
 take up no more. 
 
 989. There are some, in all communities, who 
 seem to have nothing to do and plenty of time to 
 do it in, the loafing folk, but their lives are useless 
 and always short ; the busiest people live the 
 longest. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 2 1 3 
 
 990. It is not upon the parents that all the re- 
 sponsibility rests of the proper training of chil- 
 dren : the teacher, the physician, the clergyman, 
 have a large share of duties to perform in this 
 direction ; they receive the parent's money, and 
 for it are in duty bound to give the best and 
 most they have in their respective spheres. 
 
 991. Hundreds of lives could be saved every 
 year if the mattrasses on board of ships and boats 
 were made of granulated cork. 
 
 992. When one of a " pair " is lost, or rendered 
 useless, there is some fellow creature a maimed 
 soldier or sailor who could use the other to ad- 
 vantage. A society in a large city, for the recep- 
 tion or distribution of these " odds," could make 
 a large addition to human comfort by thus utiliz- 
 ing all the odd boots, shoes, ear-rings, bracelets, 
 sleeve-buttons, and cork limbs in the country. 
 
 993. A boy got drunk, his employers dismissed 
 him ; the other boys in the glass factory refused 
 to work unless he was reinstated ; all the boys 
 were discharged and the proprietors directed their 
 foreman to employ others ; the foreman replied it 
 was not his business ; the proprietors put out 
 their fires, closed the doors of their establishment, 
 not to be opened for six months, thus throwing 
 out of employment seventy-five persons, a number 
 of whom had families dependent on their daily 
 labors, suggesting the wisdom of a law for the sig- 
 nal punishment of any one giving or selling liquor 
 to any minor. 
 
214 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 994. The Sabbath is the welcome rest day of 
 the week for the wearied body, and for the repose 
 of the soul. 
 
 995. Happy is it that we do not know, in the 
 morning, what history the close of the day will 
 write, of its frictions, its agitations, its disturb- 
 ances, its obstacles, its struggles ; what anticipa- 
 tions unrealized, what hopes blasted, what troubles 
 encountered, what sorrows endured. 
 
 996. A man with less muscular power may 
 often accomplish many times more than one of 
 greater bodily vigor, by having a clearness of 
 brain which points out an easier way. 
 
 997. A man who very early in the morning 
 makes a good hearty breakfast of milk, with boiled 
 Indian or oat or wheat meal, will have better 
 health, a stronger body, and a clearer brain than he 
 who makes a late breakfast on the fat of the land. 
 
 998. If you want to diminish your weight, exer- 
 cise ; if you want to increase it, eat heartily and 
 do nothing. 
 
 999. Do the work of your life well, and whether 
 shoe-black or prime minister, you will stand on 
 the same plane at the judgment-day. 
 
 f 1000. Many times the wife is number one, the 
 husband a cipher. 
 
 1001. All sick people want to get well, but not 
 always in the best way. Said a wealthy man, 
 " Doctor, strike at the root of the disease," and 
 smash went the decanter under the faithful phy- 
 sician's cane. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 2 1 5 
 
 1002. The very thing you most dislike in an- 
 other, may be seen by another in you, exag- 
 gerated. 
 
 1003. Men should be paid for accomplishing, 
 not for mere working, else thoroughness and skill 
 are without reward, and a premium is put on lazi- 
 ness and botchery. 
 
 1004. Power to labor is often wasted in working 
 with dull tools, shackling machinery, and poor 
 materials. 
 
 1005. The Patent Office contains many a sad 
 proof of half a life wasted by men in devising what 
 had been accomplished before they began. 
 
 1006. " Festina lente," slow and sure, would 
 many times save doing work over again. 
 
 1007. What you do, do well ; what you know, 
 know thoroughly. 
 
 1008. A large amount of general knowledge is 
 comparatively useless for all the practical purposes 
 of life. We need details. 
 
 1009. Whatever pursuit elevates the mental or 
 moral nature tends to promote the bodily health ; 
 hence, philosophers live long, and hard study pro- 
 motes longevity, by its tranquilizing and pleas- 
 ureable influence on the system, as seen by its 
 promotion of the circulation of the blood, by 
 attracting it to the brain to feed it, and then 
 Sending it away to the heart and lungs to be re- 
 vivified. 
 
 1010. It is not overtasking the brain which 
 brings many ' students into a condition of ill- 
 health ; it is overtasking the stomach. 
 
2l6 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 ion. The brain sometimes does not work well, 
 thought is an effort, logic an impossibility ; but it 
 will all come right if the man goes to work out of 
 doors, and continues it until the digestion is good 
 enough to make a purer blood for the brain to feed 
 upon. 
 
 1012. Sometimes persons feel themselves 
 slighted by those who formerly knew them, be- 
 cause they are poor, when really it is because they 
 are vulgar and without cultivation. 
 
 1013. Youth is beautiful to the aged ; yet who 
 of them would go back to youth to take the whole 
 of it : its ragged clothes, its improprieties, its in- 
 cessant restrictions, its forced obedience, and of- 
 ten to unreasonable requirements. No, no ; the 
 most we want of youth is its years. 
 
 1014. It may come to pass in time that human 
 maladies may be removed by a good dinner of a 
 specified quality : for example, persons have been 
 cured of the most distressing neuralgia of many 
 months' standing, by taking one twentieth of a 
 grain of phosphorus, or five drops of the mother 
 tincture of the same, and repeat every few hours 
 until relieved. Phosphorus is the peculiar food of 
 the nerves, and when they are not nourished - 
 are hungry this pain is their cry for food ; and 
 as fish contains this element largely, a good din- 
 ner of bass and breakfast of trout, might effectra 
 permanent cure, supplementing it with four hours 
 in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, in 
 steady, active labor in the open air, daily. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 2 1 7 
 
 1015. As we are nearing the grave it should be 
 with accumulated sweetness and dignity, and 
 generous allowances for the foibles of youth, the 
 failures of the unfortunate, and the fallings of the 
 tempted. 
 
 1016. If chapped hands have rubbed into them 
 finely powdered starch, soon after they are wiped 
 with a towel, after every washing or wetting, the 
 most grateful relief is immediately experienced. 
 
 1017. Dyspeptics should confine themselves to 
 dry food mainly, and not drink anything at meals. 
 
 1018. As eating raw or insufficiently cooked hog 
 meat, fresh or salted, causes the terrible pork- 
 worm disease, so may eating raw beef give tape- 
 worm ; hence, it is safest that all fresh meats 
 should be cooked through and through, though not 
 enough to be dried ; they should be soft, moist, 
 and juicy on the inside ; the surface may be al- 
 most charred ; this saves all the juices. Well 
 boiled, or well roasted or baked meats, never give 
 worms. 
 
 1019. The want of specific instructions to a pa- 
 tient has sometimes led to odd results. An Irish 
 servant girl was told to apply a mustard plaster to 
 her chest ; she was still suffering next morning, 
 as she had made the application to the lid of her 
 clothes' box. And as odd was the action of a man 
 who was directed to take two pills in some con- 
 venient vehicle, and not having a carriage the 
 operation was gone through while the patient was 
 seated in a wheel-barrow. 
 
218 HO W TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1020. Moodiness seems to be the malady of in- 
 tellectual men, as authors, artists, and poets. 
 Gilbert Stuart was almost as much famed for this 
 as for his paintings. His three gifted sisters were 
 affected in the same way, one of them becoming 
 a maniac. Washington Alston, so gentle and 
 gentlemanly, was often seized with paroxysms of 
 profanity, which he could not control. The cause 
 of these infirmities is too intense and steady ap- 
 plication ; the mind may become crazed on any 
 subject if allowed to dwell on it exclusively and 
 intensely. 
 
 1021. A foreign substance is readily removed 
 from the ear by looping a horse-hair, dropping it 
 into the ear, then turn it until it catches, and 
 draw it out gently ; just as in getting a cork out 
 of a bottle with a looped string. 
 
 1 02 2. The routine of city life is sometimes 
 amazing, and one is almost led to wonder that a 
 man is not turned into a machine. Vanboskerk 
 died the other day beyond four-score ; for forty 
 years he was never absent from the barge office a 
 single day, reaching it at six in the morning and 
 leaving it at seven at night, Sundays and holidays 
 all alike. 
 
 1023. If you are making a very moderate living 
 at your business, stick to it by all means, and let 
 everything else outside severely alone ; for if you 
 can barely live by an occupation about which you 
 know everything, you cannot expect to succeed in 
 another of which you know nothing. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 2 1 9 
 
 1024. A frozen limb is whitened : then cold ap- 
 plications less than ice-cold should be made until 
 the skin resumes its natural color ; but the parts 
 should be handled with great care, as the frozen 
 portion is very brittle, and is easily broken off. 
 
 1025. If you are thinking of making a change 
 in your business with the hope that you will do 
 better, first try to put more energy into it. 
 
 1026.- " Without fame or fortune at forty, without 
 fame or fortune always," is the sentiment of many, 
 oftener expressed by the saying, that if a man is not 
 rich at forty, he never will be. It was after forty 
 that Sir Walter Scott became the great unknown ; 
 it was after forty that Palmerston was found to be 
 England's greatest prime minister of the century ; 
 the peerless philanthropist, Peabody, was compar- 
 atively a poor man at forty years. At that age, 
 Lincoln and Grant were obscure and poor citizens 
 of country towns in the far West. Howe, of the 
 sewing-machine, was utterly destitute at thirty- 
 five, a millionnaire six years later. 
 
 1027. A young lady after skating complained of 
 one foot being very cold ; she was advised to put it 
 in warm water, the result was inflammation, morti- 
 fication, and amputation. She should have placed 
 the foot at first in water not quite ice-cold ; after a 
 few minutes, half as cold, then milk warm ; the ob- 
 ject being to restore it to its natural heat by very 
 slow degrees ; or if no house is at hand, rub the 
 part with snow or cold water, then with flannels, 
 and then with the hands. 
 
220 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1028. "Will it hurt me much, doctor, to take a 
 little spirits now and then ? " " No, it will not hurt 
 you much ; but if you don't take any, it will not 
 hurt you at all." 
 
 1029. The itching of chilblains is exceedingly 
 troublesome, and as they are caused by warming 
 the hands or feet too suddenly after being very 
 cold, the prevention suggests itself : the blains 
 themselves are cured by rubbing into the parts 
 most thoroughly, three or four times a day, 
 warmed alcohol, spirits of camphor, or hartshorn, 
 until the itching and leaden hue of the skin has 
 disappeared. 
 
 1030. By all the affectionate memories of your 
 childhood's love to your parents, and by all that 
 is generous and manly in your nature, when you 
 have left the home of your youth and have gone 
 out into the world to carve your own fortunes, 
 write to them promptly, lovingly ; write often ; 
 write long letters ; if you could only know the 
 pleasurable interest they feel in every sentence, 
 in every line, in every additional word, even down 
 to the mechanical "Your loving son," "Your af- 
 fectionate daughter," you would never cease writ- 
 ing until the last line on the last page is filled out. 
 
 1031. If a man gets into the habit of giving 
 something to every good cause, or of making con- 
 tributions in church whenever asked, as a matter 
 of course, he will be relieved of a vast amount of 
 troublesome debating with himself about whether 
 he shall give anything or not. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 221 
 
 1032. No one can ever imagine the void that is 
 left in a parent's heart when a child goes from 
 home for the first time to be permanently ab- 
 sent, until placed in the same circumstances as a 
 parent. 
 
 1033. If a burn or scald is superficial, plunge it 
 instantly in cold water, then sprinkle over with 
 flour until no more will stick on ; in three or four 
 days there will be a new skin if the scale is al- 
 lowed to fall off of itself ; or apply a thick layer 
 of common cotton so that it shall remain in its 
 place. If the injury is deep, spare the strength of 
 the patient in every possible way, cut off the cloth- 
 ing, wrap up in blankets ; if much pain give opium, 
 chloroform, or ether, and let the necessary atten- 
 tions be given while insensible ; apply a solution 
 of half an ounce of chloride of soda and three 
 grains of morphia to a pint of water, to soothe 
 the burned surface, then wrap the patient in cot- 
 ton batting. Coffee is better than brandy or al- 
 cohol to keep up the strength, because the remote 
 effect of these is to chill ; or lie under water on a 
 couch of leathern straps ; or cover the body most 
 completely with wheat bran in case of extensive 
 scalds of children. In all cases, let the body be 
 exposed to the air the fewest number of seconds 
 possible, and do all that can be done to compose 
 the mind and save the strength. 
 
 1034. The best and safest tooth powder is warm 
 water applied with a brush on rising, and soon 
 after the last meal of the day. 
 
222 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1035. Before children get to be twenty years old, 
 parents begin to lean on them, although they do not 
 show it, or are not conscious of it themselves, for 
 already do they begin to feel something of an in- 
 clination to look outside of themselves for help. 
 
 1036. "Is he coming to breakfast?" "Yes, 
 marm ; he is sharpening his teeth." The Irish 
 house-maid had seen the gentleman using his 
 tooth-brush. Teeth are not indeed sharpened 
 by the tooth-brush, but many are ruined by the 
 use of powders which contain acids capable of 
 destroying the enamel. 
 
 1037. The easiest way of doing good is to be 
 good, then the doing good comes spontaneously, 
 without an effort. 
 
 1038. A Sunday-school teacher in Ohio asked 
 a boy of thirteen who made him. "Why, God 
 made me so long," holding his hands a foot apart, 
 " but I growed the rest." This is not more out 
 of the way than those of larger growth, who hab- 
 itually speak of sickness as a dispensation of 
 Providence ; while the truth is, we bring on our 
 own diseases by ignorance, carelessness, and .self 
 indulgence. 
 
 1039. A very great deal has been written about 
 the safety of boiling water, before it is drank, as a 
 means of destroying microscopic living things. It 
 seems that now, when ships are able, by machin- 
 ery, to make all the fresh water they want at sea, 
 the sickness and mortality, on board sailing ves- 
 sels particularly, is greatly diminished. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 22$ 
 
 1040. It is a good plan for all travellers to drink 
 as little water as possible. Sweet milk and butter- 
 milk, and the acids of fruits, are safe and nutri- 
 tious substitutes. They can be had at almost 
 every farm-house by the way-side, and are cooling 
 and healthful. 
 
 1041. "Cheaper than dirt," was the label on a 
 cake of soap in a Boston shop window, and it is 
 very true. Dirt is one of the dearest things in 
 existence, in certain places on the face, hands, or 
 at the ends of the finger nails, in a conspicuous 
 segment of black ; dirt in cellars, closets, cup- 
 boards, attics, back yards, gutters. What sickness, 
 what death, what doctors' bills, what crushings of 
 heart and hope in millions of cases which might 
 have been averted by habits of personal and 
 household cleanliness. 
 
 1042. It is said that Shakespeare died of fever 
 and ague short of three-score. Any one who has 
 visited his birth-place and home would think it 
 quite likely. He lived a short distance from the 
 banks of the Avon. The land was almost as level 
 as a floor ; even now there is a sepulchral damp- 
 ness in the evening ; much more so must it have 
 been then when it was thickly wooded ; and then 
 the pernicious custom of the times to sit out of 
 doors after sun-down, till a late hour in the night, 
 drinking hilariously, as he often did, was well cal- 
 culated to induce intermittents. Sitting still in 
 the night air is always pernicious, more or less, 
 when the air or earth are damp. 
 
224 HOW TO LIVE 
 
 1043. Politeness has been compared to an air 
 cushion, which is very comfortable, even if there 
 is nothing in it. It is true that politeness and 
 compliments, however unmeaning and mechanical, 
 do smooth the rough places, and add much, with 
 little cost, to the enjoyableness of life. A beauti- 
 ful woman once said reproachfully to Talleyrand, 
 " You passed without looking at me, yesterday." 
 " Ah, madam, if I had stopped to look at you, I 
 would not have been able to go further." 
 
 1044. Excuses are hypocrisies. 
 
 1045. I* is no wonder that the average of life, 
 less than four centuries ago, was half what it is 
 now, twenty instead of forty years. Erasmus 
 says that in the reign of Henry VIII. the floors 
 were commonly covered with rushes, which soon 
 became so damp as to keep the feet wet ; and that 
 the dining-rooms were particularly filthy, for bits 
 of meat and bones were thrown on the floor for 
 the dogs, and to this the leavings of beer and wine 
 in the cups was added. Slices of bread were used 
 as plates to eat their meat from, and at the end 
 of the meal were tossed under the table ; the 
 rushes not being removed for weeks and months. 
 Even Queen Elizabeth often laid on the floor to 
 sleep at night, on two or three folds of cloth or 
 woolen, for beds and mattrasses were not known 
 then. 
 
 1046. The more deliberate the enunciation of a 
 speaker, the less strength is expended, and the 
 longer he can speak without fatigue. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 22$ 
 
 1047. A little three year old, on waking up one 
 morning and seeing the moon, innocently solilo- 
 quized, " I should tink it was about time to take 
 that moon in," so busy is the brain of earliest 
 childhood, comparing, investigating, judging, to be 
 continued until life's latest close. 
 
 1048. It has been said, with some ground of 
 truth, that in the first four years of childhood 
 more different and more numerous things have to 
 be learned, a larger number of ideas enter the 
 brain than at any subsequent period of life of equal 
 duration. The names of all the objects they see ; 
 the meaning of all the words they hear ; the con- 
 clusions arrived at from all that passes before 
 them ; the judgments they form of all the charac- 
 ters about them ; and the innumerable inexpli- 
 cable things which they have to ferret out and 
 unravel and classify in presence of the inconsist- 
 encies of parents, visitors, servants. 
 
 1049. It is supposed that the brain never ceases 
 its action, from the cradle to the grave ; our dreams 
 show that it is working in sleep. Happy they who 
 can give it that direction which keeps the thoughts 
 of the heart pure, loving, and humane, always. 
 
 1050. As, up to 1875, science has demonstrated 
 that the gases of the sun contain iron, lime, mag- 
 nesia, and salt, we may conclude that our sunshine 
 contains these ingredients ; hence, its value, from 
 a plentiful exposure to it, in building up vegetation 
 and man and animal, giving strength and growth 
 and health and vigor to all. 
 
 15 
 
226 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1051. " Man goeth to his long home," saith the 
 Scripture, meaning his "perpetual house," which, 
 therefore, must be eternal with its " many man- 
 sions," to be jointly inhabited by the Eternal 
 Builder, with those of whom it is said 
 
 " And we his offspring are ; " 
 
 the Builder, the house, the occupants, all eternal. 
 
 1052. Algoid growth is vegetative, deriving its 
 nourishment from that in which it is immersed, as 
 the green scum on still ponds, and is as immensely 
 reproductive as the fungoid, exemplified in the 
 puff ball, which grows in a night, and has as 
 many spores or multiples of itself as there are 
 people on the globe ; and they are so minute and 
 transportable and light that the whole air is filled 
 with them in certain localities. Wherever these 
 spores lodge, say, on moist surfaces, they stick 
 like a particle of 'dry flour on a wet spot, and 
 wherever they thus stick, as in the mouth, the 
 inner lining of the nose, or any similar mucous 
 surface, they feed and multiply by millions in a 
 few hours. Whether this multiplication is the 
 cause of disease, as the germ theory claims, or 
 whether poison becomes attached to it in its prog- 
 ress through the air from its original home to its 
 resting place, some malignant poison, we do 
 not as yet know ; but this we do know, that these 
 vegetable algoid and fungoid spores or cells are 
 present in disease, multiply by millions in a night ; 
 that they do not exist except in damp, flat, and 
 warm localities, and these we ought to avoid. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 
 
 1053. As man was made in the image of his 
 Creator, he is more allied to divinity than to dust ; 
 hence, it is a more perfect analogy to say that, like 
 the Divine, he shall live forever, than like the dust 
 to perish. 
 
 1054. There is reason to believe that at the 
 final winding up of earth's history, it will be found 
 that not one of all its millions has ever lived in 
 vain ; that each has had a use or purpose, making 
 only two classes, those who performed their mis- 
 sion willingly, and those who did not ; yet the 
 object of the creation of the latter was accom- 
 plished by their work being overruled to good 
 ends ; but not having worked willingly they have 
 no reward. 
 
 1055. In public speaking, a low voice, uttering 
 each word and syllable, with a clear-cut enuncia- 
 tion, is more distantly and distinctly heard than a 
 tone of thunder, without a break in a whole sen- 
 tence. 
 
 1056. The missing link between animal and 
 vegetable life seems to have been found in the 
 bacteria, or protesta, a hundred thousandth part of 
 an inch in diameter. He who finds the missing 
 link which binds soul and body will make himself 
 an undying fame. 
 
 1057. Bleeding from an extracted tooth has 
 been, sometimes, fatal. It is controlled by a plug 
 made of grated nutmeg, browned like burnt coffee, 
 or persulphate of iron, or by closing the mouth 
 and pressing on the gum with the finger. 
 
228 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1058. Notwithstanding the progress which the 
 use of the microscope has made in the discovery 
 of hidden truths, we are yet in the dark as to 
 whether the infinitesimal cell, or fungus, or spore, 
 whether the bacteria or micoscocus, and the vibria, 
 are the causes of disease or the merciful scaven- 
 gers of creation, to absorb or consume the causes 
 of disease, and thus clear filth out of the world. 
 
 1059. One pound of powdered sulphur thrown 
 into a flame will instantly absorb the oxygen of a 
 hundred cubic feet of air, or of a room five feet 
 each way ; hence, a handful or two of this familiar 
 substance will instantly extinguish the flames (if 
 thrown into it) of a burning chimney, or an apart- 
 ment on fire, if kept closed. 
 
 1060. That exercise is best, which is steady, 
 moderate, and continuous ; that which is fitful, 
 violent, and protracted to excessive fatigue, always 
 does more harm than good. 
 
 1 06 1. Every day that passes after a person be- 
 comes insane, without being sent to a well-ordered 
 asylum, diminishes the chances of recovery. 
 
 1062. An increasing ability to sleep well, is the 
 sure indication of convalescence from dangerous 
 disease and lunacy. 
 
 1063. The average life of the well-to-do is 
 eleven years longer than that of the day laborer. 
 
 1064. " Growl if you do and growl if you don't," 
 said a kind, indulgent, and liberal husband one 
 day. If any husband can have the same thing 
 said of him he ought to be ashamed of himself. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 22() 
 
 1065. That married life is happiest which wit- 
 nesses the most continuous series of self-abnega- 
 tions ; and that is the most unfortunate which is 
 characterized by the most habitual exhibitions of 
 selfish aims and ends. 
 
 1066. It may seem contradictory, but it is a 
 fact, that the longer an educated physician lives, 
 the more confidence he has in the efficacy of med- 
 icine, and the more he is inclined to do without 
 it, until it becomes indispensable. 
 
 1067. The philosophy of medication is founded 
 on observed facts. Tartar emetic acts on the 
 stomach, brandy affects the brain, strychnine 
 shocks the nerves, Virginia snake root retards the 
 circulation of the blood by arresting the action of 
 the heart, and calomel stimulates the liver. It is 
 not improbable that every important part of the 
 human system is amenable to some one remedial 
 agent or another in nature. We may never know 
 the why or the how of these things, but the facts 
 themselves are undeniable, and these constitute 
 the reasons for administering medicine in any 
 case, and thus far it is a science. 
 
 1068. In all flat,, damp localities, breakfast 
 should be taken before leaving the house in the 
 morning, and supper at sundown, as a means 
 of antagonizing all miasmatic influences on the 
 system. 
 
 1069. The man who is always in a hurry is the 
 very man who, at the end of a life-time, has the 
 least to show for it. 
 
230 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1070. All know that a lump of ice in a glass of 
 water melts very slowly ; but if divided into pea- 
 sized pieces and stirred round, it is melted with 
 many times greater rapidity, each piece being dis- 
 solved from without inwards, and the surface ex- 
 posed to the water being multifold greater. So 
 it is with the food in the stomach, the juices of 
 which envelop it for the purpose of reducing it to 
 a liquid form, to prepare it for yielding its nour- 
 ishment to the system ; the more numerous the 
 pieces, and the smaller, the greater will be the 
 amount of surface exposure, and the more rapidly 
 will it be dissolved ; hence the reason for chewing 
 food well. 
 
 1071. One of the most comfortless, dreary, and 
 unsatisfactory methods of eating is to take a lunch 
 at any public place. It would be better, safer, and 
 more healthy to bring a sandwich from home. 
 This would cost nothing extra ; would save from 
 the temptation of " taking something," meaning 
 liquor, at a public place ; would modify the hun- 
 ger without impairing the appetite for a good din- 
 ner after business hours. Such a method would 
 be less injurious to the system than bolting a din- 
 ner at an eating-house, and washing it down with 
 a glass of brandy. Many a man has taken his 
 first lesson in liquor-drinking at eating-houses. 
 
 1072. If persons were to eat but thrice a day, 
 cut up all their food into pea-sized pieces, and 
 chew it deliberately, dyspepsia would be no longer 
 a national disease. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 231 
 
 1073. Science seems to show that if the lowest 
 form of animal or insect life feeds on elements 
 found in stale boiled milk, it grows and flourishes 
 in carbuncle ; if it is nourished by the stale boiled 
 egg, it is present in contagious fevers ; while others 
 which revel in alcoholic producers, find their homes 
 in diphtheria, typhoid, and intestinal maladies, and 
 yet all these forms are apparently similar ; so, 
 also, in any number of young children, to all ap- 
 pearances alike, there will be different represent- 
 atives in. mature life, as to their mental, moral, 
 and physical nature, according to the kind of food 
 furnished each during their growing period. A 
 faulty logic will debase the mind ; immoral teach- 
 ings will corrupt the heart ; vicious practices will 
 undermine the constitution ; and as certainly will 
 unsuitable food impair the health. 
 
 1074. We eat to live, and if we eat wisely of 
 what He has provided who "hath given us all 
 things richly to enjoy," we will live well, health- 
 fully, and long. 
 
 1075. If a person must take a nap during the 
 day it should be a short one, and if taken in the 
 forenoon will be less likely to interfere with the 
 sleep at night than if indulged in during the after 
 part of the day. 
 
 1076. A father thinking it a mere notion that 
 his little five-year old daughter should be afraid to 
 sleep in a room alone, locked the door in dark- 
 ness to find a few hours later that the little child 
 had died in a fit. 
 
232 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1077. There is a very strong tendency in many 
 minds to insanity upon some one particular sub- 
 ject in consequence of dwelling upon it, and look- 
 ing only at such circumstances as serve to confirm 
 their opinion, while they attach no weight to the 
 opposite. Persons of this class are called hob- 
 byhorsical, and are considered the victims of a 
 harmless mental infirmity. But it is not always 
 harmless, either to the individual or to others, 
 especially if of a practical character. Frederika 
 Bremer said that her father nearly starved his 
 children to death, under the influence of vagaries 
 in reference to keeping down the animal and ele- 
 vating the spiritual nature by means of a spare 
 diet. 
 
 1078. Bear in mind that a drink of water may 
 be more instantly fatal than a drink of brandy. 
 A brave French general in the Crimean war died 
 in a few moments from drinking a glass of snow- 
 water, after reaching the top of a mountain with 
 his artillery, while in a heated condition. Even 
 if in the slightest perspiration, hold the glass in 
 the closed hand for half a moment, and remove it 
 from the lips after each swallow; thus a few 
 mouthfuls will as effectually satisfy the thirst as a 
 whole glass drank down without an intermission. 
 
 1079. Tne f ear f night air retards the recov- 
 ery of multitudes. Out-door air is purer than 
 that in-doors and more healthful, only if a good 
 meal has been taken, and the utmost care is ob- 
 served to prevent the slightest chilliness. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 233 
 
 1 080. It is not so much -what we eat, as the 
 amount of it, which ruins so many stomachs ; 
 quantity rather than quality. 
 
 1 08 1. Never part with your husband in the 
 morning as he leaves for the business of the day 
 with an unkind word on your tongue ; he- may be 
 returned a corpse ; it has been so many a time 
 and oft, and then there are sharp-pointed memo- 
 ories for a life-time afterwards. The man who 
 leaves his wife in the morning with an angry 
 word, and greets her on his return in the evening 
 with a growl, is an unmitigated brute. 
 
 1082. It would be considered an outrage for a 
 person to bring disease into a community, delib- 
 erately, through infected clothing or otherwise ; 
 yet the propagation of false news, the dissemina- 
 tion of mischievous sentiments, and doing things 
 which disturb the public peace, ruffle the flow of 
 quiet life in. any neighborhood, and to that extent 
 diffuse an element of disease into every household, 
 is often thoughtlessly done. 
 
 1083. The perfection of architecture is to con- 
 struct a family dwelling in such a way that no 
 one room shall be dependent on another for its 
 warmth ; that each apartment shall have an ade- 
 quate and independent ventilation of its own, and 
 that all the drainings shall be conveyed outside 
 the walls above ground, to the place of deposit 
 through pipes visible to the eye, so that if there 
 be the smallest leakage it can be instantly de- 
 tected. 
 
234 HOW TO LIVE 
 
 1084. As the very slightest flaw or imperfection 
 in a diamond is instantly manifested by immers- 
 ing it in the oil of cassia, so the distant approach 
 to age or wasting bodily disease is indicated as 
 plainly and as certainly by the quicker pulse, the 
 shorter breath, and the thinning flesh. 
 
 1085. The most careful person will take cold 
 occasionally ; our wisdom is to think back and 
 find out the cause, and thereafter sedulously watch 
 against it. 
 
 1086. Whatever may be the benefit of a leisure 
 walk in the open air after a hearty meal, it is very 
 greatly increased if the exercise is taken in a joy- 
 ous spirit, a hilarious mood, and exhilarating con- 
 versation, with a perfect obliviousness of every 
 thing pertaining to business. 
 
 1087. A warm "stew," getting into bed with 
 covering well tucked in, hot bricks to feet, and 
 drinking abundantly of hot teas until there is a 
 dripping perspiration, to be kept up an hour or two 
 or more until the system is relieved, and then to 
 cool off very gradually in the course of another 
 hour, is derisively styled an " old woman's rem- 
 edy ; " but for all that it will break up any cold 
 taken within thirty-six hours ; it will promptly 
 relieve many of the most painful forms of sudden 
 disease, with the advantage of being without dan- 
 ger, gives no shock to the system, nor wastes its 
 strength. 
 
 1088. The old, the feeble, and the invalid, should 
 take some hot drink at every meal, never cold. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 235 
 
 1089. It is a barbarism to compel children to eat 
 fat meat, lean meat, or anything else against 
 which they may have a repugnance, an uncon- 
 querable antipathy ; might as wisely try to make 
 a kitten eat white beans, or a chicken drink salt 
 water. 
 
 1090. Drains behind the plaster and under the 
 cellar floor should be prohibited under severe 
 penalties. 
 
 1091. If a man cannot take his daily exercise 
 in the open air it is his misfortune, but not the 
 less necessary for all that. 
 
 1092. The mind kills. A thoughtless youth 
 galloped up to a house and told the lady that her 
 husband had just been killed ; she was thrown 
 into convulsions and died in a few moments. 
 Even joyous emotions have been known to de- 
 stroy life, as drawing the highest prize in a lottery. 
 Thus is the fact accounted for that persons re- 
 markable for their equanimity and even temper, 
 live to a good old age. 
 
 1093. The best cure for a cold in winter is to 
 keep warm in the house until it gets well, living 
 wholly on fruits, coarse bread, and warm drinks. 
 
 1094. Pensioned persons, whether in poor- 
 house or palace, have long been remarked for 
 
 longevity ; it is because to-morrow's bread has 
 been assured to them, and relieves them of anx- 
 iety. 
 
 1095. It is cankering care which eats out the 
 happiness and health and life of multitudes. 
 
236 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1096. When a person begins to shiver, or a 
 chill runs over the body, a cold has been already 
 taken, to result in fever, neuralgia, or other dis- 
 comfort, lasting for days and weeks ; to prevent 
 which, exercise instantly, to cause perspiration, or 
 secure it by hot drinks, and keep it up for an 
 hour or two. 
 
 1097. One of the discoveries of spectral analy- 
 sis is, that in the warming sunshine there is iron 
 and lime and magnesia ; the iron to enrich the 
 blood, and give to the pallid cheek the hue of 
 health ; the lime to strengthen tooth and bone : 
 the magnesia to meet the wants of many of the 
 tissues ; hence they are healthiest who most court 
 the blessed out-door sunshine. 
 
 1098. The great and restless sea has fed its 
 fishes to millions of mouths every day since the 
 world began ; then there are the treasures of the 
 earth, and under the earth, its forests, its plants, 
 and its flowers ; its mines, its jewels, and its 
 diamonds ; the coal to warm us, abundant for 
 thousands of years to come ; its oil to light our 
 dwellings, forty millions worth annually ; and lo ! 
 these are only a part of His ways of goodness to 
 man. 
 
 1099. Comforts add to the length of human- 
 life and increase our enjoyments ; discomforts do 
 neither. 
 
 1 100. All sedentary persons, the old, the young, 
 the feeble, ought to have a cheerful, open fire to 
 dress by in winter. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2$? 
 
 noi. If a cold is neglected forty-eight hours it 
 will run its course of two or three weeks in spite 
 of all efforts to shorten it. 
 
 1 1 02. We should eat to-day in proportion to 
 the exercise or labor of yesterday ; and we may 
 expect to sleep sound to-night in 'proportion as we 
 have earned our bread by the sweat of our brow. 
 
 1103. Pain is a blessing. Suppose you were 
 to get drunk, went to sleep, put your leg in the 
 fire, and it had no feeling in it, then you would 
 have to " cork it " for the remainder of your life ; 
 and all because there was no such thing as pain. 
 
 1104. Marriage is the natural state of man; 
 no one can be happy out of it ; the mind is 
 forever unsettled, forever unsatisfied, fruitlessly 
 yearning for an undefinable something, which 
 fades and fails, and recedes into the dim distance 
 ahead with every advancing year, ending at last in 
 utter hopelessness. No wonder that the bachelor 
 and the maiden seldom reach threescore, and so 
 largely people the mad-house. 
 
 1105. Dreams are the imperfectly remembered 
 workings of the brain. While wide awake, these 
 operations are taken full cognizance of, and make 
 too deep an impression to be forgotten. 
 
 1 1 06. Those who exercise for health should 
 work by the day, not by the job ; slow, deliberate 
 activities husband the strength, and put it out 
 equably and advantageously ; fitful, violent labor 
 shocks the circulation, racks the body, and de- 
 ranges the heart's action most injuriously. 
 
238 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1107. The most careful sometimes eat too 
 much ; they feel heavy, dull, oppressed, and ex- 
 ceedingly uncomfortable ; under such circum- 
 stances, resort is often had to a drink of brandy, 
 or some other strong material. The stomach is 
 too full already, ^nd yet more is deliberately put 
 into it to give relief. The better plan is to take 
 a leisure walk in the open air, vigorous enough to 
 keep off a feeling of chilliness, and by degrees to 
 cause a very moderate perspiration, and keep it 
 up until relieved. Going to bed under the influ- 
 ence of such a surfeit in the hope of sleeping it 
 off, has often resulted in cramp, colic, convulsions, 
 or death. 
 
 1 1 08. There is reason to believe that, as far as 
 the old, the feeble, and the young are concerned, 
 health might be promoted and life lengthened, if 
 feather beds, and chamber fires to get up by, and 
 a less free application of cold water were returned 
 to. 
 
 1109. Patient rubbing of sweet oil into the 
 skin with the hand, two or three times a day, 
 has a wonderfully cooling and soothing effect in 
 all fevers and in many nervous affections. 
 
 i no. Either cold feet or constipated bowels 
 attend a large majority of human ailments, the 
 cure of which would be effected by their removal. 
 
 nil. Cold feet, constipation, and headache, 
 are the heritage of bilious persons. 
 
 1 1 12. Contagious diseases are those which are 
 communicated by a near approach to the sick. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 239 
 
 1113. Kneading the region of the liver is well 
 worth understanding, as it aids in removing several 
 bodily discomforts ; it is done by using the ball 
 of the right hand and rubbing downwards, begin- 
 ning at the right hip bone and the edge of the 
 ribs, and coming round to the centre of the body 
 at the navel. As the liver is a large gland be- 
 tween these points, a portion of it resting on the 
 stomach, it is stimulated by pressure which, in 
 a sense, acts upon it as the same pressure would 
 act upon a sponge filled with water, the effect 
 being to force the bile in the liver onward to the 
 point where it is discharged into the alimentary 
 canal, just under the stomach. In this way the 
 liver is sometimes made to work. This is also 
 a good method of causing gases in the stomach 
 to pass downwards ; it also causes the muscles 
 of the stomach and its appendages to have a 
 more healthful motion, antagonizing a consti- 
 pated condition of the system. Besides, it is a 
 good physical exercise, and may be continued 
 three or four minutes on rising and retiring, or 
 at any other time needed. 
 
 1114. A rapid walk, a race, or trotting on horse- 
 back, aggravate the discomfort of an overfilled 
 stomach ; a leisurely, cheerful walk is a cure, if 
 persisted in. 
 
 1115. There is reason to believe that taxi- 
 dermy, the planting of live skin on a raw spot, 
 may be successfully applied as a remedy for bald- 
 ness. 
 
240 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1116. The very first step, and the only one 
 needed in curing many diseases, is a full, free 
 evacuation of the alimentary canal by a puke or 
 a purge, by an emesis or an enema. 
 
 1117. Out-door walking is a valuable means of 
 preserving health and removing disease, because 
 it brings into exercise almost every muscle of the 
 body, each one of which, in its natural action, 
 tends to push out of the system every poison- 
 ous, useless, and cumbersome particle, even a 
 headless pin or a needle. 
 
 1 1 1 8. A lunch taken leisurely and alone is 
 sometimes beneficial ; but always a positive injury 
 if in haste, especially if tempted to " take some- 
 thing" besides. 
 
 1119. North of the Virginia line, the young, 
 the old, the feeble, should put on the thicker 
 clothing and the flannels of winter not later than 
 the middle of November, to be laid aside in the 
 early June, however warm the weather may have 
 been previously. 
 
 1 1 20. It is the common mistake of the tidy, 
 economical, and indolent housekeeper, to cease 
 kindling fires too early in the spring, and defer 
 it too late in the fall, leaving the children and 
 grandparents to shiver in their shawls and wrap- 
 pers, half -bent with cold, and faces and hands all 
 shrivelled with chilliness. 
 
 1 121. A young man may run to meet the cars, 
 but the same effort may snap the heart strings 
 of threescore. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 24! 
 
 1 122. Infection means the propagation of a mal- 
 ady through the clothing or atmosphere. 
 
 1123. Whenever any form of bathing is fol- 
 lowed by the slightest chill, more harm has been 
 done than good. 
 
 1 1 24. Oatmeal is more nourishing and strength- 
 ening than any other flour or meal. 
 
 1125. To be hopelessly diseased ; to be crippled 
 for life ; to have been born with a defect which 
 wholly incapacitates for self-support, and thus be 
 dependent on others for the essentials of life, 
 the food we eat, the clothes we wear, and the very 
 water we drink, or, in weary, wasting sickness, to 
 spend the long winter days and the longer nights 
 of months and years in pain and suffering and 
 helplessness, must be a sad, sad lot ; and yet it 
 doubtless is, in many cases, 'a training indispens- 
 able, to a meet preparation for better things be- 
 yond time's boundary. 
 
 1126. Cold water bathing, to be always benefi- 
 cial in applicable cases, should be actively con- 
 ducted and fully completed within three minutes 
 in winter and ten in midsummer. 
 
 1127. All that a man hath he will give for his 
 health when it is lost, but seldom a dollar for in- 
 structions how to preserve it. 
 
 1128. In the great majority of cases the seeds 
 of consumption and dyspepsia are sown in the 
 " teens " of life. 
 
 1129. Hard students need nutritious food, and 
 a plenty of it. 
 
 16 
 
242 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1130. A good feeder makes a good worker ; 
 hence the poorest of all economies is to stint work- 
 people in their food. 
 
 1131. All persons who sit or stand at their busi- 
 ness should have the feet resting on some woolen 
 material, as it does not conduct the heat away so 
 rapidly as does an uncovered wood or stone floor. 
 
 1132. It is better to ride to one's business and 
 walk from it, whether it be brain or body work, 
 because the first strength is the best and will do 
 the work best ; the fag end of the strength is good 
 enough for mere exercise. 
 
 1133. If a man is "blue as indigo " for want of 
 funds to purchase a good dinner, give him a ten 
 dollar bill, and he will be the happiest of mortals 
 until it is gone ! and the brightening will con- 
 tinue as often as the ten is given. This naturally 
 causes the conviction that money is " good for " 
 low spirits, and a good many other " symptoms." 
 
 1134. They can do most who sleep best. 
 
 1135. The times for eating for the great ma- 
 jority of people, those who have to work hard, or 
 are old, or infirm, or weakly, should be morning, 
 noon, and night, and nothing whatever between. 
 
 1 136. The hard working cannot labor to advan- 
 tage if the meals are more than six hours apart, 
 as they begin to lose their strength ; in all such 
 cases the digestive functions are too weak to 
 manage but a moderate quantity of food, but they 
 would get over-hungry and would over-eat, if the 
 time between meals is over six hours. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 243 
 
 1137. The power of natural agencies in the cure 
 of diseases is not fully appreciated, even by phy- 
 sicians. A man was cured (and remained cured) 
 of biliousness by not eating anything whatever 
 later than two P. M., and washing the skin thor- 
 oughly every day for ten days. 
 
 1138. We eat for growth, repair, warmth, and 
 strength. 
 
 1 1 39. If a parent proposes to prepare a son for 
 the ministry, or for the missionary field in foreign 
 lands, what arithmetic can compute the difference 
 between the influences left on the world's history 
 from a broken constitution on the day of leaving 
 the seminary, to die in a year or two, or less, and 
 embarking for a foreign missionary field with a 
 stalwart body and a vigorous intellect, and living 
 to the age and power and influence of a Judson, 
 a King, a Scudder, a Morrison, or a Livingstone, 
 working for the elevation of whole peoples from 
 barbarism to the plane of a Bible Christianity. 
 Let parents and managers of our schools, acad- 
 emies, colleges, and seminaries think of this and 
 provide some reading for the young which will 
 teach them to preserve their health. 
 
 1140. Eat slowly, cut up all the food in pea- 
 sized pieces, chew deliberately, in a cheerful mind, 
 and then you can afford to eat all you want with- 
 out the penance of getting up from the table 
 hungry. 
 
 1141. The grandest maxim in modern medicine 
 is, sustain the strength of the patient. 
 
244 HOW T0 LIVE LONG. 
 
 1 142. The noon-day meal should be the heart- 
 iest of the three taken ; the last, or third meal, 
 should be about sundown, and should consist of 
 bread and butter and a cup of hot drink ; to all 
 classes this would in a few days give an appetite 
 for a good hearty breakfast, with all the exercise 
 of the day to promote its digestion. 
 
 1 143. As the teachings in print make a stronger 
 impression on the minds of the young than the 
 admonitions of parents, however much loved, 
 those who have children should aim to provide 
 them with at least some safe reading in the course 
 of every year, pertaining to health and disease. 
 
 1 144. Abundant warmth, pure air, sound sleep, 
 and a plenty of good things to eat, will cure all 
 ordinary diseases if taken in time ; that is, before 
 the system has been reduced so far as to have lost 
 its recuperative power. At that point nothing 
 will save. 
 
 1145. A beautiful bunch of flowers was one 
 day brought to a dying lady ; her face brightened 
 in a moment, and a loving smile lighted up 
 her countenance, as she expressed her gratitude 
 toward the friend, herself an invalid, for her kind 
 remembrance. 
 
 1146. The best hospitals are detached cabins, 
 so arranged that every side should be accessible 
 to the sunlight. 
 
 1147. Abundant and uninterrupted warmth is 
 the best insurer of three score against sudden 
 death. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 24$ 
 
 1 148. The three great elementary principles of 
 every healthy community, as well as of individ- 
 uals, are pure air, perfect cleanliness, and well- 
 cooked food. 
 
 1 149. There are multitudes of brave-hearted 
 women, who had rather go roofless and sleepless, 
 the bitterest winter nights ; had rather die, as 
 some do, poor things, than to commit the one 
 wrong act which would give them money and 
 dress and home. Is not that the " best society " 
 which lends a helping hand to such in any large 
 city ? 
 
 1150. Let every one, from this good hour to the 
 end of his mortal life, make it a point to have a 
 pleasant smile, to make a cheerful recognition, 
 and speak an encouraging word to every human 
 being whom he finds, with steadfast eyes fixed on 
 " Excelsior." 
 
 1151. There is reason to believe that the happy 
 time will come when we may be able to preserve 
 health and cure disease by the use of sugar- 
 candy, plum-pudding, and roast beef, with the 
 aid, occasionally, of various other good things, 
 too tedious to mention ; for sweets keep up the 
 warmth of the body, and what is more needed 
 than warmth in sickness ? Roast beef sustains 
 the strength, and all know that debility charac- 
 terizes every human malady in some stage or 
 other of its progress. And as for plum-pudding, 
 it contains the elements of warmth in its sweet- 
 ness, and of the muscle - making power in the 
 gluten of the flour out of which it is made. 
 
246 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1152. It is not the mixture of even a dozen 
 different kinds of food in one mess which makes 
 it unhealthful ; it is the quantity which gives us 
 dyspepsia and its thousand ills. 
 
 1153. Carbonic acid gas, which destroys life in 
 a very short time, is generated by breathing ; at 
 every expiration some of it is thrown out into the 
 room ; it is its presence which gives the disagree- 
 able odor observed on entering a close apartment 
 in the morning in which several persons have 
 slept all night. This gas, in combination with 
 the moisture of the breath, is heavier than the 
 common air ; hence, its tendency is to the surface 
 of the floor. Cold condenses this gas and makes 
 it heavier ; hence, the colder a room is, the more 
 does this gas seek the floor ; for these two reasons 
 persons should avoid sleeping on the floor. The 
 poverty of the humble poor sometimes compels 
 them to part with some of their furniture ; the 
 bedstead is supposed to be one of the things 
 which can be most conveniently spared, thus add- 
 ing the risk of sickness to the misfortune of pov- 
 erty. 
 
 1154. No sleep can be sound and healthful un- 
 less the sleeper is comfortably warm. Many a 
 man who has gone to bed in good health has 
 awakened with a mortal malady, or one involving 
 life-long suffering by having been exposed to a 
 draught of air on some part of the body while 
 asleep, either from an open door, a hoisted win- 
 dow, a crevice, or a broken pane. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 247 
 
 1155. The purest air contains four parts in a 
 thousand of carbonic acid gas, and to that extent 
 it is a healthful ingredient, as far as we know, but 
 beyond that it is prejudicial. 
 
 1156. The Greeks and Turks are passionately 
 fond of sour milk. The shepherds use rennet and 
 milk dealers alum, to make it sour the sooner. 
 The Germans in the West use buttermilk largely ; 
 it acts on the system like water-melons, and an- 
 tagonizes biliousness, as does the acid of fruits 
 and berries. 
 
 1157. Three things are indispensable to a health- 
 ful bed-chamber : we must have an amount of bed 
 clothing which will keep us comfortably warm ; 
 must not be exposed to draughts of air, and must 
 have a good and safe ventilation of the apartment, 
 which may always be secured by an open fire- 
 place and a board about three inches broad, and 
 as long as the breadth of the window, placed under 
 the lower sash ; this makes such an opening at the 
 joining of the sashes, as will admit a draught of 
 air in the direction of the ceiling where it becomes 
 diffused before it reaches the sleeper. 
 
 1158. However good the onion is as an escu- 
 lent, it will poison the person who eats it after it 
 has been exposed in a room where there is cholera, 
 or some other diseases ; it blackens if poisonous. 
 
 1 159. As almost all cars have foot-rests in front 
 of the passenger, it is better to place the feet on 
 these than on the floor, then they will not get 
 cold so soon. 
 
248 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1 1 60. One third of our entire existence is spent 
 in our chambers in the unconscious happiness of 
 sleep, and as good health is impossible without 
 the habitual breathing of a healthy atmosphere, 
 the importance of inhaling pure air during so 
 large a portion of our existence is self-evident. 
 
 1161. If the hands are very cold but not frozen, 
 paddle them in lukewarm water for a few mo- 
 ments. The same may be said of the feet, gradu- 
 ally adding warmer water, thus avoiding the dan- 
 ger of chilblains, restoring the proper temperature 
 gradually, and imparting to the whole body a sur- 
 prising degree of comfortableness. 
 
 1162. If a person chances to wake up in the 
 night for two or three times about the same hour, 
 and cannot fall to sleep again very readily, it rap- 
 idly becomes a habit, with the result that if an 
 hour or more is lost in this way, it is made up by 
 that much longer sleep in the morning, or the 
 system is deprived of its healthful amount, and in- 
 jury will certainly result. The remedy is to retire 
 to bed two or three hours later, for two or three 
 nights in succession, and yet be waked up at the 
 desired time for rising. Meanwhile avoid sleeping 
 in the day time. In this way the time for waking 
 up during the night will be bridged over, and the 
 evil habit will be promptly broken up. 
 
 1163. The healthiest site for a family dwelling 
 is on an elevation declining on every side, so as to 
 convey the water rapidly away, or on a sandy soil 
 which admits the same in effect. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 249 
 
 1164. The best use for a shawl or overcoat in 
 railway travel in cold weather, is to put it on the 
 floor and place the feet upon it ; this keeps them 
 warm ; otherwise the bare floor rapidly abstracts 
 the heat from the feet, often giving a troublesome 
 cold. 
 
 1165. The safest position in a rail-car is about 
 the centre, on a seat next the aisle. 
 
 1 1 66. The sunniest skies and the most beauti- 
 ful, are not the healthiest localities. More persons 
 die in Italy, and sooner, than in any other civilized 
 country except in Prussia. It is the condition of 
 the soil which has the most direct bearing on 
 health and disease ; in proportion as lands are flat 
 and wet, in such proportion does sickness prevail. 
 
 1167. It is the wisdom of every man to think 
 back and ascertain what gives him a cold or 
 causes any sickness, and then make it his study 
 and aim to avoid these habitually ; in this way 
 almost any one in the course of a lifetime may 
 diminish his sickness one half, if not very much 
 more. 
 
 1168. Scientific investigation has ascertained 
 that the onion possesses an amount of nutriment, 
 healthfulness, and stimulant qualities not found in 
 any other underground vegetable. The various 
 means used to deprive it of its odor, also rob it 
 of some of its good qualities. They were so 
 highly prized by the children of Israel, that even 
 in sight of the promised land, they had regretful 
 longings after " the leeks and onions of Egypt." 
 
25 O HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1169. If you want to go to sleep soon, culti- 
 vate pleasant thoughts on lying down ; thoughts 
 which calm and soothe and give placidity to the 
 mind. 
 
 1170. If alcohol is ever employed as a med- 
 icine, it should be strictly confined to those cases 
 
 in which its use is an absolute necessity. 
 
 1171. If excessively warm and very properly 
 afraid of cooling off too quick, paddle the hands 
 in a basin of warm water. Every time they 
 emerge from it steam is generated, and this car- 
 ries off the heat so equally, that a pleasant degree 
 of coolness is very soon and safely established. 
 
 1 1 72. After the most careful investigation, life 
 insurance companies have settled down to the 
 conclusion that those who absolutely abstain from 
 the use of alcoholic stimulants in every form, av- 
 erage sixty-four years of age, while the average 
 life of drunkards and moderate drinkers is thirty- 
 five and a half. 
 
 1173. Daily cold water bathing seems to be a 
 very simple and innocent operation ; yet, unless 
 performed with judgment and discrimination, it is 
 capable of doing great harm ; only the robust 
 can practice it with impunity, and they do not 
 need it. 
 
 1174. It is a humanity sometimes, and a polite- 
 ness always, to keep a visitor waiting the shortest 
 time possible, for the room may be cool or damp, 
 endangering a cold, or there may be imperative 
 reasons for not losing a moment. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 2 5 1 
 
 1175. Warm water internally and externally, if 
 used with judgment and skill, will alleviate and 
 cure more human maladies than half of all the 
 drugs on the shelves of the apothecary. It cools 
 fever, cures pain, allays nervousness, diverts dis- 
 ease, softens the skin, antagonizes chill, promotes 
 perspiration, and soothes the mind. 
 
 1176. Physiological research has fully estab- 
 lished the fact that acids promote the separation 
 of the bile from the blood, which is then passed 
 from the system, thus preventing fevers and other 
 prevailing diseases of summer and autumn. All 
 fevers 'are " bilious ; " that is, the bile is in the 
 blood. Whatever is antagonistic of fever is cool- 
 ing. It is a common saying that fruits and ber- 
 ries of every description are " cooling ; " it is be- 
 cause there is an acidity in them which aids in 
 separating the bile from the blood, and thus puri- 
 fies it. Hence, the great yearning for "greens," 
 and lettuce, and salads in the early spring, they 
 being taken with vinegar ; hence, also, the taste 
 for lemonades, buttermilk, and other acid drinks 
 on the part of a bilious person, and in attacks of 
 fever. 
 
 1177. Every traveller, especially in summer 
 time, should carry with him a vial of hartshorn, 
 called " smelling salts," as it instantaneously re- 
 moves and cures the pains caused by the bites 
 and stings of all known insects ; a substitute, on 
 an emergency, is wood ashes and water, half and 
 half, the product being like hartshorn, which is 
 an alkali. 
 
252 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1178. To be happy, a man must be good and 
 keep himself busy in doing good. 
 
 1179. Inability to sleep after having been 
 waked up in the night by bad dreams, or other 
 causes, is sometimes remedied by walking the 
 floor five or ten minutes, throwing up the night 
 dress to allow a thorough ventilation of the sur- 
 face ; this certainly prevents the repetition of a 
 disagreeable dream. 
 
 1 1 80. When a simpleton wants to get well he 
 buys something to " take ; " the wise man gets 
 something to do ; and it is owing to this circum- 
 stance that the latter has been in a minofity, al- 
 most indistinguishable in all civilized countries : 
 that doctors are princes instead of paupers, and 
 live like gentlemen instead of breaking rocks for 
 the turnpike. 
 
 1181. No one ought to be waked up in the 
 morning as a habit ; it is an interference with 
 nature, whose unerring instinct apportions the 
 amount of sleep to the needs of the body, nor will 
 allow habitual interference to be practiced with 
 impunity, in any case. 
 
 1182. It is kind to accompany a friend to the 
 door on leaving ; but it is likely that many last 
 words will be spoken at the half-open door, caus- 
 ing an exposure to a cold draught of air, hence 
 the practice is not safe. 
 
 1183. It is never safe to take a medicine simply 
 because it is reported to have cured another with 
 symptoms apparently similar to your own. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 253 
 
 1184. There would be better health, less sick- 
 ness, and longer life, if all were to make it a prac- 
 tice never to take a dose of physic without the 
 advice of an educated physician. 
 
 1 185. It is a boorish act to open a window or a 
 door on entering a public vehicle, without the as- 
 sent of the inmates ; to ask that assent is a selfish- 
 ness. 
 
 1 1 86. Never eat to "make it even," or when 
 you are not hungry ; it is that much food lost 
 and wasted, and an imposition on nature. 
 
 1187. In passing out of a public assembly, it is 
 discourteous to stop to speak to another, for the 
 one behind you may have imperative reasons for 
 hurrying on. 
 
 1 1 88. The man who eats most and works slow- 
 est, can work the hardest and the longest, hence 
 is the cheapest " hand," because small eaters have 
 little strength, and they who work fast seldom do 
 it well and often have it to do over again. 
 
 1 1 89. Medical men perform more personal labor 
 without compensation than any other class or 
 calling, for the honor of the profession requires 
 them to answer the call of pensioned or pauper, 
 prince or potentate, all alike. 
 
 1190. The ruts of thought, how they warp and 
 weaken and wreck the intellect sometimes, the 
 forever dwelling on the irremediable past, on sharp- 
 pointed memories or remorses for yesterday's mis- 
 takes or lost opportunities. There is no remedy 
 for a " rut " equal to that of a good emetic. 
 
254 If O IV TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1191. If you can't sleep at night get up and stay 
 awake until next night, and you will sleep " like a 
 top." It never fails. But next day go to work 
 like a man at something encouragingly remuner- 
 ative, out of doors, and you will have two good 
 nights' sleep in succession. Repeat the dose, and 
 it will work just as well to the crack of doom. 
 
 1192. If persons must have desserts let them 
 be taken half an hour before meals in the shape of 
 fruits and berries, whose acids enter the blood at 
 once and energize the secretions ; or in the shape 
 of nuts or cheese, whose essential oil invigorates 
 digestion, or pure sugar candy, which hastens the 
 more complete solution of the food by its chemical 
 combinations on reaching the stomach. 
 
 1193. Sweets are the necessities of childhood 
 and youth ; hence Providence has wisely im- 
 planted in the young an almost insatiable desire 
 for sugar. Without this element largely mingled 
 with its food, the "healthiest-born infant would die 
 in a month. In vain would it nestle on its 
 mother's bosom ; in vain its exposure to the 
 warming sunshine ; and in vain the softest 
 blankets and the warmest furs to encase its body, 
 for the warmth which sustains human life comes 
 from within, must be generated by the internal 
 combustion of carbonaceous food, as found in all 
 sweets and fat. It is the most inveterate of all 
 prejudices in civilized life that "sweets hurt chil- 
 dren." On the contrary, they are a prime neces- 
 sity, and to deprive them of their candies, if pure, 
 is a barbarism. 
 
HEAL TH MAXIMS. 2$$ 
 
 1194. There is not a straight line in all nature. 
 Man was never intended to live under an inflexi- 
 ble rule, to travel an infinite distance in the trough 
 of a railroad bar; he is a creature of amazing 
 adaptabilities : to live astride a crater or on the 
 perch of the North Pole, on the equinoctial line, 
 or the pinnacle of an iceberg, and he is wisest, 
 healthiest, and happiest, who soonest adapts him- 
 self to the circumstances of his situation. 
 
 1195. Instinct is implanted to preserve life, and 
 is common to plant and animal and man. The 
 humble climbing vine will find its way, straight to 
 the nearest bean-pole ; the roots of flower, shrub, 
 and tree delve down into the hard earth, in search 
 of the richness and moisture of the soil, taking 
 the shortest course to the more favored spots. 
 As soon as the little duck breaks its shell, it wad- 
 dles toward the water, and sails away over the 
 bosom of the tiny pond right gracefully. 
 
 1196. Brain-workers require most sleep. 
 
 1197. Plodding people are most successful in 
 the long run, for they make the fewest mistakes, 
 and seldom have to do their work over again ; and 
 carrying out their principles, they eat long and 
 largely, but masticate well. 
 
 1198. Truth lodged in the mind of a child is a 
 deposit for a life-time ; and if that be a practical 
 truth in reference to health, it will be of life-long 
 value. 
 
 1 199. The man who eats by weight and measure 
 is not likely to live long. 
 
256 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1200. The babe an hour old, greedily seizes the 
 fountain spring of its mother's milk, which con- 
 tains in large proportions the elements which sup- 
 ply the first necessities of infantile existence. 
 This instinct is the wise, self-acting, and friendly 
 guide to plant and animal and man, his mentor 
 and preserver from the first cry of infancy until 
 the fiat of the Maker- calls the patriarch home 
 to his bosom in heaven. This instinct we fight 
 against when we court sleep without sleepiness ; 
 eat when we are not hungry ; drink when we are 
 not dry ; work when nature rebels against it, and 
 wear ourselves out with excessive fatigue. 
 
 1 20 1. Every trade and calling and profession 
 has its drudgeries as well as its rewards ; but the 
 drudgeries of an honest occupation bring with 
 them the invaluable blessings of good health and 
 a quiet mind. 
 
 1 202. Hard work is an acquired habit, and if 
 it is then followed as a habit, it is pretty sure 
 to bring with it a reasonable competence, sound 
 sleep, and long life. 
 
 1203. Poverty is often an idea ; for a man in 
 debt, with ten thousand a year, is not as rich and 
 not as happy as he who works by the day, and 
 owes no man a dollar. 
 
 1204. When I see a man resign his seat to a 
 bonnet or gray hairs, it raises him at once to the 
 character of a gentleman, even if dressed in home- 
 spun. 
 
 1205. To sleep well a man must work hard. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 
 
 1206. The watch represents one of the most 
 complicated mechanisms of man. It has been 
 made to run a day, a month, a year, without touch- 
 ing or repair ; but man, whom a breath has made 
 and a breath can destroy, is the handiwork of the 
 Maker of all worlds, his is a mechanism which 
 builds itself up from infancy, and down to old age 
 sustains its own strength, supplies its own waste, 
 and makes its own repairs ; running on and run- 
 ning ever, until destiny orders, " run no more." 
 
 1207. Persons who are all the time taking med- 
 icine, are all the time complaining, are never well ; 
 and yet, with amazing pertinacity, they swallow 
 physic to the last gasp of life. 
 
 1208. The cheerful man has the best digestion. 
 
 1 209. Every chamber should have a thermome- 
 ter in-doors and out, and we should dress, on rising, 
 accordingly, for it takes a sudden cold a day or 
 two to get into the house, and life has often been 
 lost by going out too thinly dressed, with no op- 
 portunity to correct the mistake. 
 
 1210. The salt of the sea preserves it from cor- 
 ruption ; the salt of the human body prevents 
 decay ; and it is the moral salt the preserva- 
 tive influences of the Christian religion which 
 upholds social existence, sustains all civilized 
 governments, and prevents the extinction of na- 
 tionalities, for five righteous would have saved a 
 city. And the principles of the moral govern- 
 ment of the Almighty are the same throughout 
 the ages. 
 
 17 
 
258 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1211. But for religion the world would be with- 
 out an inhabitant. 
 
 1 2 12. The enemies of Bible religion are the vi- 
 pers of society. Their influences tend to poison, 
 corrupt, and destroy ; and wherever they habitate 
 together, they live more and more in unrestraint, 
 until crime and beastliness, in their most degrad- 
 ing, disgusting, and horrid forms, reign rampant : 
 society has no guarantees, decency no protection, 
 law no power, and virtue is extinct. 
 
 1213. Early rising is a crime against nature, 
 unless it is preceded by an early retiring. 
 
 1214. The first step toward insanity is a grow- 
 ing and continued inability to sleep. 
 
 1215. If you are working or exercising for your 
 health, stop before you are much tired, before you 
 are "fagged out." 
 
 1216. Never eat when you are not hungry, nor 
 drink when you are not thirsty ; it imposes on 
 nature. 
 
 1217. Never resist a call of nature for a mo- 
 ment ; habitual constipation is always thus in- 
 duced. 
 
 1218. The hard worker should eat thrice a day, 
 at not less than five hours' interval. 
 
 1219. Sedentary persons, after fifty, can do 
 very well with two meals a-day ; dyspepsia is 
 thus cured sometimes. 
 
 1 220. It is better to exercise an hour in the 
 forenoon, as a means of health, and an hour in 
 the afternoon, than two hours at once. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2 59 
 
 1221. If exercise is carried to actual fatigue, it 
 does more harm than good. 
 
 1222. Drink but a small amount of liquids at 
 meals, and these should be warm ; if cold or large 
 in quantity, dyspepsia follows. 
 
 1223. Presentiments are the mere coincidences 
 of events with the previous multitudinous vagaries 
 of the brain. At the advent of the Christian dis- 
 pensation, the days of miracle and revelation 
 ceased. 
 
 1224. Go to bed at a regular hour; leave it as 
 soon as you wake up, and do not sleep a moment 
 in the day time ; this will give you all the sleep 
 which your system requires, and it will be sound 
 and connected within a week. 
 
 1225. Cultivate a generous and an accommo- 
 dating disposition. 
 
 1226. Let your appetite always come uninvited, 
 that is, never take anything to give an appetite. 
 
 1227. The God of nature and of grace is one 
 and the same embodiment of benevolence, wis- 
 dom, and love ; for 
 
 " We are the creatures of his power," 
 
 his children and his heirs ; hence the operations 
 and the works of nature and of grace never war 
 against each other, but act in harmony to the one 
 great end, the elevation and happiness of the 
 human family : the laws of grace purifying the 
 heart ; the laws of nature, understood and prac- 
 ticed, preserving the body. 
 
26O HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1228. Sickness is the wise and loving discipline 
 of life. 
 
 1229. The Bible is a balm in every human 
 sickness if its principles are kept constantly in 
 view as a matter of firm, religious faith ; then the 
 sorrows of life, its disappointments and its tears, 
 will lose half of their bitterness, and the other 
 half would soon be forgotten in the contempla- 
 tion of the great truth, that " God is love." 
 
 1230. One part of oxide of iron and six parts of 
 carbonate of magnesia, if mixed, and, with a rag 
 moistened with water or alcohol, then rubbed 
 until nearly dry on silver and gold, will remove 
 from them all their tarnish, and will give to cop- 
 per and steel, and even iron, a beauty of polish 
 which was never natural to them. Thus it is 
 that the humblest things have their uses, and so 
 also can the humblest talents and the most in- 
 ferior capacities be employed to useful purposes 
 in society. 
 
 1231. Said an eminent English jurist: "From 
 eight to sixteen is the time during which the 
 character is formed of nine tenths of all the crim- 
 inals who come before me." Those parents are 
 wisest who make a special and conscientious 
 effort to weave a web around their children at that 
 critical age, which shall keep them at home and 
 win them from the street, by affectionate ways, 
 kindly treatment, and warming sympathies ; by 
 intelligent forbearances, by generous allowances, 
 and a cheerful, loving demeanor. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 26 1 
 
 1232. As good sound sleep is essential to good 
 health and bodily vigor, and as no one can sleep 
 soundly with a hundred bedfellow bugs sucking 
 out his blood, it may be well to know that if a 
 room is closed, every crack, crevice, and keyhole, 
 and a quarter of a pound of brimstone is placed 
 in the centre of the room in an earthen vessel 
 for fumigation, in six hours there will not be a 
 living thing left ; but first remove colored articles. 
 
 1233. The sleep we require during the night, 
 and all that nature will take, is exactly propor- 
 tioned to the strength expended during the day. 
 
 1234. Ice is delicious to the sick in summer. 
 If kept in one lump in a pitcher which is securely 
 enveloped with two feather pillows, it will last for 
 a day or two. 
 
 1235. When you are at a hotel and retire for 
 the night, shut your door noiselessly, with your 
 hand on the knob, and walk about the floor in 
 your stocking feet, as in the adjoining room, or 
 just below you, some invalid may be just falling 
 into a refreshing sleep which is to turn the scale 
 between recovery and death ; at the very least, 
 you owe it to any occupant to make as little noise 
 as possible. 
 
 1236. We can better and more safely do with- 
 out eating for a week than have no sleep for three 
 or four days. 
 
 1237. It is early to bed, quite as much as early 
 to rise, which makes a man healthy and wealthy 
 and wise. 
 
262 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1238. Many reach mature age in the enjoyment 
 of vigorous health ; for half a life-time they 
 scarcely have known what pain is ; the physician 
 has not been called to their dwellings, for all this 
 time they have eaten heartily, slept soundly, and 
 have been cozily housed. During the bleak and 
 dreary winter time they have been protected from 
 the cold and storm, and their summers have been 
 spent at the sea-side or the springs, their whole 
 lives seem to have been an uninterrupted joy, 
 and no doubt they have deserved it. Those whose 
 lives have been the reverse of all this may take it 
 for granted that it is their own fault, or that it has 
 been the ordering of a wise and loving Providence, 
 as a means of making sure for us better things in 
 the unending future, knowing that we could not 
 have borne prosperity. Thrice happy is the man 
 who, in humility, love, and trustingness, thus reads 
 the providence of the Almighty. But sooner or 
 later, when a man returns home at night or 
 wakes up in the morning finding himself not so 
 well as usual, he feels tired and sad. The tea- 
 table is as tidy as before. The children are as 
 gladsome and as blithe as usual. The fire on the 
 hearth burns as brightly as ever, but all these fail 
 to wake up the echoes of a loving joyousness as of 
 old. He retires to his bed with unspoken words. 
 Sleep comes not, but instead there are restless 
 tossings and the distant grumblings of approach- 
 ing pains ; and anon, the doctor is at the bed-side. 
 We look in his face, but there is no smile of 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 26$ 
 
 confidence and hope there; he makes a closer 
 examination, but gives out no cheering word, and 
 saying nothing, good or bad, makes an unsolicited 
 promise to return in an hour. This is ominous. 
 We begin to feel our firm foundations fail beneath 
 us. The world, its pleasures, its appetites, its am- 
 bition, and its material interests, fade away from 
 our vision. The system becomes more oppressed 
 oy disease, more racked with pain, and withal still 
 sinking, sinking, sinking, we feel our own helpless- 
 ness as we never felt it before, and to the Infinite 
 One we stretch our withered arms for aid, and 
 raise our feeble voice for succor, and He whose 
 ear is ever open, and whose kind eye never sleeps, 
 beckons us away to the land of the blessed. 
 
 1239. In entering any apartment leave the door 
 as you found it. 
 
 1 240. They are wisest and will live longest who 
 habitually get all the sleep that nature will take. 
 
 1241. Those who cannot make themselves com- 
 fortable under ordinary circumstances would not 
 be so under any other. 
 
 1242. Whatever of an undesirable disposition a 
 man has to-day, without money, he will have to- 
 morrow, however rich, to an exaggerated extent, 
 unless the heart be changed. The miser will be- 
 come more miserly ; the drunkard more drunken ; 
 the debauchee more debauched ; the fretful still 
 more complaining ; hence the striking wisdom of 
 the Scripture injunction that all our ambitions 
 should begin with this : " Seek first the kingdom 
 of God and his righteousness." 
 
264 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1243. Persons are constantly met who, in their 
 families, are cross, ill-natured, dissatisfied, finding 
 fault with everybody and everything, whose first 
 greeting in the breakfast room is a complaint, 
 whose conversation seldom fails to end in a long 
 enumeration of difficulties and hardships, and 
 whose last word at night is an angry growl, and 
 we feel at a loss whether to pity or to despise. 
 
 1244. A man who has a canker eating out his 
 heart, will carry it with him wherever he goes, if 
 it be remorse for crime or mortification for mean- 
 ness ; although worth millions, it will go with his 
 gold and rust out all its brightness. 
 
 1245. Bodily health and mental comfort have 
 on one another very powerful reactions. Culti- 
 vate health and a good heart, for with these you 
 may be comfortable without a farthing ; without 
 them, never, although you may possess millions. 
 
 1246. Whatever a man is to-day with a last 
 dollar, he will be to-morrow, radically, essentially, 
 with a million. 
 
 1247. Many have a great horror of going out 
 of doors for fear of taking cold, when the fact is, 
 the very best way of fortifying the system against 
 taking cold, is to be out every day, rain or shine. 
 
 1 248. If persons are kept in the house because 
 the weather is a little too hot or cold, a little too 
 dusty, or windy, or damp, they will soon find them- 
 selves confined to their own apartments from 
 one month's end to another, confirmed invalids. 
 
 1249. A man is what his wife makes him. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 26$ 
 
 1250. It is said of Queen Victoria, the most 
 exemplary potentate of the century, that when at 
 the palace, she rides every day ; when in the 
 country, she every day walks, in all weathers ; if 
 it rains, she takes an umbrella, and lets it rain ; 
 if muddy, she wears thick-soled shoes. 
 
 1251. The worse the weather, the more need 
 that sedentary persons should go out of doors for 
 an hour or two ; first, because whatever the out- 
 door air may be, the in-door air is but the out- 
 door air contaminated with the fumes of cookery 
 and a multitude of other things. Second, no one 
 thinks of eating less to-day because the weather 
 is bad ; but if we eat as much to-day, when we 
 take no exercise, as we did yesterday when we 
 took a great deal, there must be an imperfect di- 
 gestion of food causing symptoms, more or less, 
 of fullness, oppression, headache, weariness, ner- 
 vousness, and a feeling of discomfort, generally. 
 
 1252. A good wife is the greatest earthly bless- 
 ing. 
 
 1253. It is the mother who moulds the charac- 
 ter, and fixes the destiny of the child. 
 
 1254. Make marriage a matter of moral judg- 
 ment. . 
 
 1255. Marry in your own religion. 
 
 1256. Marry into a different blood and temper- 
 ament from your own. 
 
 1257. Marry into a family which you have long 
 known. 
 
 1258. Never both be angry at once. 
 
266 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1259. Never talk at one another, either alone or 
 in company. 
 
 1260. Never speak loud to one another unless 
 the house is on fire. 
 
 1261. Never reflect on a past action which was 
 done with a good motive and with the best judg- 
 ment at the time. 
 
 1262. Let each strive to yield oftenest to the 
 wishes of the other. 
 
 1263. Let self-abnegation be the habit of each. 
 
 1264. The very nearest approach to domestic 
 felicity is in the mutual cultivation of unselfish- 
 ness. 
 
 1265. Never find fault until it is perfectly cer- 
 tain that a fault has been committed. 
 
 1266. Let a kiss be the prelude of a rebuke. 
 
 1267. If you must criticise let it be done lov- 
 ingly. 
 
 1268. Never taunt with a past mistake. 
 
 1269. Neglect the whole world beside, rather 
 than one another. 
 
 1270. Never allow a request to be repeated. 
 
 1271. "I forgot," is never an acceptable excuse. 
 
 1272. Never make a remark at the expense of 
 the other. 
 
 1273. They who marry for physical character- 
 istics or external considerations, will fail of hap- 
 piness. 
 
 1274. They are the safest who marry from the 
 standpoint of sentiment rather than of feeling, 
 passion, or mere love. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 267 
 
 1275. Always leave home with loving words, 
 for they may be the last. 
 
 1276. Do not herald the sacrifices you make to 
 each other's tastes, habits, or preferences. 
 
 1 277. They who marry for traits of mind and 
 heart will seldom fail of perennial springs of do- 
 mestic enjoyment. 
 
 1278. Let all your mutual accommodations be 
 spontaneous, whole-souled, and free as air. 
 
 1279. A hesitating, tardy, or grum yielding to 
 the wishes of the other, always grates upon a lov- 
 ing heart. 
 
 1280. If one is angry, let the other part the 
 lips only for a kiss. 
 
 1281. Give your warmest sympathies for each 
 other's trials. 
 
 1282. The beautiful in heart, is a million times 
 of more avail in securing domestic happiness, than 
 the beautiful in person. 
 
 1283. Never deceive, for the heart once misled 
 can never trust wholly again. 
 
 1284. Consult one another in all that comes 
 within the experience, observation, or sphere of 
 the other. 
 
 1285. Whether present or absent, alone or in 
 company, speak up for one another, cordially, 
 earnestly, lovingly. 
 
 1286. Never question the integrity, the truth- 
 fulness, or the religiousness of one another. 
 
 1287. Encourage one another in all the de- 
 pressing circumstances in which you may be 
 placed. 
 
268 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1288. By all that can actuate a good citizen ; 
 by all that can meet the heart of pity ; by all 
 that can move a parent's bosom ; by every claim 
 of a common humanity ; see to it that at least 
 one party to a marriage shall possess strong, 
 robust, vigorous health of body and brain. 
 
 1289. Many a time husband and wife, like other 
 children, get into a furious quarrel, when a chance 
 and chatty visitor coming in disperses the cloud 
 and they forget all about it, hence frequent social, 
 friendly calls among neighbors is humanizing and 
 healthful. 
 
 1290. It is not so much the late dinner that is 
 pernicious as the quantity, and even if it has 
 been a hearty one, but good, it would leave no 
 hurt behind if the next four or five hours were 
 spent in joyousness with neighbors, friends, or 
 family, the last always the happiest and the best. 
 
 129*1. The soft, low voice of a woman is the 
 index of cultivation and refinement. 
 
 1292. An intense hunger at other times than 
 the regular meals, especially *if just before, and 
 coming on daily, is proof of a dyspeptic condition 
 of the stomach, and should be firmly resisted. 
 
 1 293. To have the comforts of life assured with- 
 out a peradventure, so as to relieve the mind from 
 the care of providing daily bread, and to be free 
 from all anxiety for future sustenance, is an im- 
 portant element in securing length of days ; with 
 these guarantees even the frail and feeble live 
 long. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 269 
 
 1294. A man will no more sleep well if he goes 
 to bed very hungry, than if he retired on an ex- 
 cessive meal : in the former case it would be better 
 to eat a few mouthfuls. 
 
 1295. "Let us have peace," was the closing 
 sentence of the greatest soldier of the age in his 
 inaugural address as President of the United 
 States ; recommending also that all differences 
 between nations should be settled by arbitration. 
 Twenty-four times has the United States done this 
 since 1794, introducing also in all treaties to be 
 made, if possible, a clause stipulating that neither 
 party shall declare war against the other without 
 first submitting to a court of arbitration. If all 
 European nations should adopt this principle, six 
 million soldiers who now idle away their time in 
 barracks would be put to useful and remunerative 
 labor with the result of adding many millions to 
 the national wealth every year, relieving women 
 from the necessity of working in the fields, and 
 giving them that time and opportunity for the 
 care and training of their children, which would 
 elevate and change for the better in many other 
 ways, the whole framework of society, and then 
 would the nations not learn war any more. 
 
 1296. The "self-made man" is a term applied 
 to one who by force of character and unaided 
 has risen to prominence in his calling, when the 
 fact is every man is what he makes himself; the 
 misfortune is that so many are of no account after 
 they are made. 
 
270 HOW TO LIFE LONG. 
 
 1 297. A man who is well ought to be happy ; 
 but it is the privilege of the good to be happy, al- 
 though they are very far from being well. 
 
 1 298. The spare bed of the guest-chamber should 
 never be made until within an hour or two of using, 
 each covering having been exposed to the sun or 
 to the kitchen fire, for bed-clothing will gather 
 dampness. From this cause Lord Bacon died. 
 
 1299. A man cut his throat, but after losing a 
 quart of blood, besought his wife in the most 
 piteous terms to send for the doctor ; the brain 
 had been relieved of the pressure which had oc- 
 casioned the despondency and suicidal insanity, 
 and the mind resumed its healthful functions. In 
 lesser forms of depression of spirits immediate re- 
 lief would follow an active emetic of a teaspoonful 
 each of salt and ground mustard, stirred quickly 
 in half a glass of water, and drank down ; the 
 effort and strain of vomiting drive the blood to 
 the extremities and to the surface of the body, and 
 thus relieve the brain. 
 
 1 300. An impressive fact to the young has come 
 out in the great trial of the century : the number 
 of persons and some of them of considerable 
 prominence who on the witness stand have been 
 compelled to make the most humiliating state- 
 ments in reference to transactions in earlier life, 
 showing in the strongest light possible, the wis- 
 dom, the importance, and moral beauty of the 
 Scripture injunction, " Make straight paths for 
 your feet," in youth. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2/1 
 
 1301. In the history of those who have reached 
 adult life, there are times in which it would seem 
 as if the heart were almost ready to break with 
 apprehensions which cannot be even intimated to 
 others : with reverses of fortune which destroy 
 ambition ; courage, hope, endurance, all gone ; the 
 brightest sky is ink ; and cheery faces and laugh- 
 ing lips and sparkling eyes, by their contrast, are 
 but harrows dragging through the heart strings ; 
 or it may be that remorseless death has struck its 
 fiercest blow and left us standing alone, the last 
 tie severed, the last link broken, and we want to 
 die, but cannot. No tear comes to the relief of the 
 burning eye-ball ; no human being utters a sym- 
 pathizing word ; the whole world is an iceberg, 
 and the best friend on the planet would be a bot- 
 tomless ocean to engulf us from mortal sight 
 forever. But cheer" up, poor soul, time soothes all 
 sorrows ; the sun will shine to-morrow, and it will 
 all come right in the morning. 
 
 1302. As the greatest number of sweet-scented 
 flowers are 'white, so in the moral world do sweet- 
 ness and purity go together, and happy are they 
 who in early life cultivate the ambition to build up 
 and maintain a character "not having spot, or 
 wrinkle, or any such thing." 
 
 1303. A full cold-water bath should be taken 
 either before breakfast or not within two or three 
 hours after a regular meal, never in a tired or 
 heated condition, nor immediately after drinking 
 cold water. 
 
272 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1304. A most refreshing exhibition of primitive 
 frankness of character, is found in the case of 
 a colored man, who had slipped off from the 
 army near Fort Donelson, and making his way 
 on board a passing steamboat, was found beside 
 the smoke-stack, sitting on a bundle of dilapi- 
 dated home-spun, trying to warm himself. 
 
 " Were you in the fight ? " 
 
 " I had a little taste of it, sa." 
 
 " Stood your ground, did you ? " 
 
 " No, sa, I runs." 
 
 " Run at the first fire, did you ? " 
 
 " Yes, sa, an' would have run soona, had I 
 know'd it was cominV 
 
 "Why, that wasn't very creditable to your 
 courage." 
 
 " Dat is n't in my line, sa ; cookin's my perfes- 
 shun." 
 
 " Well ! but have you no regard for your rep- 
 utation ? " 
 
 " Reputation's nufrm to me by de side of life." 
 
 "Do you consider your life worth more than 
 other people's ? " 
 
 " It 's wuff more to me, sa." 
 
 " Then you must value it very highly ? " 
 
 " Yes, sa, I does ; more dan all dis world, more 
 dan a million dollars, sa ; for what would that be 
 wuth to a man wid de bref out of him ? Self- 
 preserbashun is the first law wid me." 
 
 " But why should you act upon a different rule 
 from other men ? " 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2?$ 
 
 " 'Cause, sa, difF rent men sets diff' rent value 
 upon derselves ; my life is not in de market." 
 
 " But if you lost it, you would have the satis- 
 faction of knowing that you died for your coun- 
 try." 
 
 " What satisfaction would dat be to me, when 
 der power of feelin' was gone ? " 
 
 " Then patriotism and honor are nothing to 
 you ? '' 
 
 " Nuffin' whatever, sa." 
 
 " If all our soldiers were like you, our Gov- 
 ernment might have been broken up without 
 resistance." 
 
 "Yes, sa; der would have been no help for it. 
 I wouldn't put my life in de scales 'gainst any 
 gubernment dat ever existed, for no gubernment 
 could replace de loss to me." 
 
 " Da you think any of your company would 
 have missed you, if you had been killed ? " 
 
 " Maybe not, sa, but I 'd a missed myself, and 
 dat was de pint wid me." 
 
 " Then patriotism and honor are nothing to 
 you?" 
 
 " Nuffin whatever sa ; I consider them as among 
 de vanities." 
 
 1305. Charcoal decolorizes and deodorizes de- 
 caying matters and offensive gases ; permanganate 
 of potash and ozone oxidize, burn up dead or- 
 ganic matter, 'but do not destroy living animal- 
 cules, germs, vibriones, and the like, which are best 
 exterminated by carbolic acid or cresylic acid. 
 18 
 
2/4 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1306. In taking their summer recreations, those 
 who have good health can safely patronize almost 
 any place of public resort, but those who are in- 
 firm or invalids should wisely discriminate : persons 
 troubled with any disease of the throat and lungs, 
 except asthma, should avoid all sea-shore or lake 
 side or prairie localities, for the damp air and the 
 cold chilling winds after rains never fail to aggra- 
 vate the maladies ; asthma is an exception, because 
 in some persons it is ameliorated by a damp at- 
 mosphere, and in others by a dry location ; some 
 are relieved by going to the country, others by 
 moving into the city, each must be a law unto 
 himself; warm, flat localities debilitate consump- 
 tives, while the purer, cooler air of the mountains 
 give tone and strength to the system. As a gen- 
 eral rule invalids are improved by mountain air, 
 and where there are rapid, clear water streams. 
 
 1307. The language of a man is a reasonably 
 good index of his character : the trifler abounds 
 in slang words and slang phrases ; the vulgar 
 and low-bred use most glibly the depreciative 
 adjective ; they revel in the expletives of liar, 
 scoundrel, swindler ; the educated, the cultivated, 
 and the refined, speak softly, quietly, gently, 
 every word is uttered with composure, even 
 under circumstances of aggravation ; if annoyed, 
 their severest reproof is expressive silence ; and 
 always they maintain their self-respect. 
 
 1308. Gutta-percha pen-holders are said to 
 prevent writer's cramp. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 2?$ 
 
 1309. Anodynes, narcotics, cough mixtures, and 
 lozenges are practically useless, and but too often 
 increase the debility and hasten the fatal end. 
 The best method of easing cough is to resist it 
 with all the force of will possible, until the accu- 
 mulation of phlegm becomes greater ; then there 
 is something to cough against, and it comes up 
 very much easier, and with half the coughing. 
 A great deal of hacking, and hemming, and cough- 
 ing, in invalids, is nervous, purely nervous, or from 
 the force of habit, as is shown by the frequency 
 when thinking about it, and the comparative rarity 
 when the person is so much engaged that there is 
 no time to think about it, and the attention is com- 
 pelled in another direction. 
 
 1310. If you throw a piece of paper, or a stick 
 on the floor, or toss it in some corner, some one 
 else has to pick it up. No one has a right to im- 
 pose useless labor on another, and yet, thousands 
 of men do it every day, on hard-working tidy 
 wives, by stalking into the house without wiping 
 their feet on the door-mat. 
 
 1311. A stream of cold water poured continu- 
 ously on a sting, will remove pain, and cure it 
 in a short time ; then keep it cool for a day or 
 two. 
 
 1312. More by myriads die of under-work than 
 over-work. 
 
 1313. A child will do more to maintain a rep- 
 utation, whether for vice or virtue, than to earn 
 it, so great is the natural inherent love for dis- 
 tinction. 
 
2/6 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1314. A public speaker will be better heard 
 and be less fatigued, if he enunciates deliberately, 
 and gives each word and syllable a clear cut 
 sound, than if he speaks more rapidly and in a 
 louder voice. 
 
 1315. Lean people endure much and live long ; 
 it is the ruddy, and the florid, and fleshy who 
 die early and with short warning. 
 
 1316. In all sudden alarms in public places, time 
 is never lost by standing perfectly still and quiet, 
 and taking a deliberate survey of the situation. 
 
 1317. In a French theatre, the humidity of the 
 atmosphere increased from fifty per cent., which is 
 healthful, to eighty per cent., by the end of the 
 play ; the temperature increased fifty per cent., 
 while the carbonic acid in the atmosphere was six 
 times greater at the close of the performance 
 than was natural, being four and three tenths per 
 thousand. This shows the necessity of compelling 
 out-door air into crowded public buildings by ma- 
 chinery, this is done in the British House of Par- 
 liament, and in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian 
 Church, New York, the only house of worship 
 thus arranged in America, and is well worthy 
 of imitation. 
 
 1318. Deposition of stone or gravel in the gall 
 or urinary bladder or passages, may be arrested 
 and the stones softened or melted away by drink- 
 ing no other liquid but milk,' and using no bread 
 or water but rice, as bread and water contain lime 
 largely ; rice, milk, meats, fruits, and berries none. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 277 
 
 1319. Perhaps the safest and most instantane- 
 ous emetic known, is a teaspoonful each of salt 
 and ground mustard stirred quickly in half a glass 
 of water, and swallowed promptly ; almost as in- 
 stantly is any poison taken into the stomach vom- 
 ited up. 
 
 1320. Soft water, whether rain or other kind, 
 not containing any form of lime, becomes poi- 
 sonous in passing through leaden pipes ; if the 
 water contains lime a coating is soon formed on 
 the inner side of the pipe which is impervious, 
 and becomes a perfect protection against the lead 
 being acted upon by the water ; iron pipes are 
 perfectly safe, .they clog up with rust, and may be 
 eaten through by it, but then they can be re- 
 newed ; pipes made- of any two metals immersed 
 in water are always poisonous, making a galvanic 
 or voltaic battery through chemical decomposi- 
 tion ; metal pipe may be lined with tin, but if 
 there is a break in the coating, by violence, or 
 imperfection, or any other cause, there is a poi- 
 sonous decomposition, and the risk is too great, 
 for a whole family might be destroyed in a week 
 after the accident which made the break. Block 
 tin pipes, earthenware, glazed or glass or wooden 
 pipes are always safe. 
 
 1321. There are 240 volumes of carbonic acid in 
 10,000 volumes of air at a height of 2,000 feet, and 
 three volumes at 3,000 feet, showing that the air 
 on the earth is better adapted to the uses and 
 needs of man, than that above. 
 
278 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1322. Ashes and iron feed the flowers and add 
 to the brilliancy of their hues ; even the white are 
 made whiter. Man also feeds on iron, which has 
 been held to enrich the blood and give redness to 
 the cheek ; there seems to be no waste in nature, 
 even the old rusty nail can be utilized, and the 
 sweepings of the fire-place beautify the rose. 
 
 1323. Drunkenness is such an insufferable des- 
 potism, that not more than one in a million has 
 force of character enough to break the fetters and 
 live thereafter a free man. The father of the dis- 
 tinguished divine, Newman Hall, cured himself 
 of habitual drunkenness, by taking night and 
 morning, for several months, the following prep- 
 aration : five grains of sulphate of iron (copperas), 
 ten grains of magnesia, eleven grains of pepper- 
 mint water, spirits of nutmeg one dram ; it pre- 
 vents that physical and moral prostration which 
 follows the sudden leaving off of the accustomed 
 dram. 
 
 1324. It is a valuable rule of universal applica- 
 tion, that if in doing anything discomfort follows, 
 cease at once; it is useless to fight against 
 nature ; even if walking tires, every additional 
 step is an injury. Newton complained, that the 
 study of lunar irregularities " makes my head 
 ache ; " and when he persisted in it against medi- 
 cal advice, such severe illness was induced, as to 
 cause mental derangement ; pain is nature's ap- 
 peal to desist ; persistence always makes a cure 
 more difficult and doubtful. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 279 
 
 1325. Never reprove in the presence of a third 
 person ; it repels rather than inclines. 
 
 1326. On slippery places, take short steps and 
 slow. 
 
 1327. Large prizes have been offered for the 
 most certain method of determining whether death 
 has actually taken place : one of five thousand 
 dollars three years ago by the Marquis d'Ouches, 
 whose benevolence of heart makes his name wor- 
 thy of mention. Among those proposed was to 
 raise a blister by the flame of a candle ; it would 
 yield a fluid on puncture if there was life ; only 
 air, if death had taken place. Lorcher observed 
 in nine hundred cases, a shaded and grayish spot, 
 first on the outer portion of the white of the 
 eye, gradually extending over, its whole surface. 
 Ponce noticed a general decoloration of the base 
 of the eye, which in life, as seen by the ophthal- 
 moscope, is an intense red, changing in death to a 
 yellowish white. Mr. Holland proposed- cadav- 
 eric lividity of dependent parts of the body, 
 as observed in sixteen thousand subjects ; this 
 generally appears very soon after death. A pol- 
 ished needle stuck into the flesh is moistened if 
 there is life ; if not, it is as bright as before. Tie 
 a string tight around a finger ; if there is any cir- 
 culation whatever, the skin distends and blackens 
 or reddens. Monteverdi alleges that the most 
 certain sign of death is produced by injecting 
 hartshorn under the skin, causing a wine-red color 
 of the skin if there is any life ; if not, there is no 
 discoloration whatever. 
 
28O HOW TO LIFE LONG. 
 
 1328. All head-aches are caused or aggravated 
 by cold feet, costive habits, and irregular eating ; 
 if the removal of these does not cure, a physician 
 should be called, for there is danger ahead. 
 
 1329. In France, a current of air is shunned as 
 if it were a sirocco of the desert ; a draft of cold 
 air on a person in a still position is more danger- 
 ous than the foul air of any ordinary apartment or 
 public vehicle. The rule should be imperative : 
 keep in motion if the wind is blowing on you. 
 
 1330. In an ordinary public conveyance there 
 is a difference of twenty-five degrees between the 
 upper and lower air ; hence as it is of greatest im- 
 portance to keep the feet warm, it would be better 
 to wrap a shawl around them than around the 
 shoulders. 
 
 1331. The cimex, like rats, cannot live where 
 there is perfect cleanliness ; " cimex " is the sci- 
 entific name for bed-bug, cleanliness is its death. 
 
 1332. American family life is unmistakably 
 dull, unless neighbors or visitors are present ; the 
 individual members do not seem to feel under any 
 obligation to interest or amuse the others ; there 
 should be more visiting, a greater interchange of 
 social intercourse. It might be arranged, especially 
 of long winter nights, that the younger members 
 at least should go somewhere two or three times 
 a week ; and one night in a week " receive " at 
 their own homes, making a common effort to 
 devise some new source of amusement at every 
 gathering. 
 
HEAL Tff MAXIMS. 28 1 
 
 1333. Two new parlor amusements are thus 
 described. Two players are closely blinded with 
 a bandage made of their pocket-handkerchiefs. 
 Each one is provided with a saucer full ;of cake 
 or cracker crumbs, which is held in the left hand, 
 and a spoon, which is held in the right hand. A 
 sheet is spread upon the floor, upon which the 
 players sit, and at a given signal they begin to 
 feed each other. Their efforts to find each 
 other's" mouths with their spoons never fail to 
 afford much sport. Another amusing experiment 
 is to try to blow out a candle blindfolded. The 
 candle is placed upon a table, up to which' a player 
 is led ; he then walks back six steps, turns round 
 three times, and walks forward as nearly in the 
 direction of the candle as possible, and tries to 
 blow it out. If he happens to wander to the 
 wrong part of the room, the effect of the blowing 
 is very funny. There is an out-door amusement, 
 irresistibly ludicrous : place a stake or tree near 
 the water's edge ; blindfold half a dozen persons, 
 each provided with a wheel-barrow, some thirty or 
 forty yards distant from the tree : he to have a 
 prize who hits the tree with his barrow, he to pay 
 for it who strikes the water. 
 
 1334. A car-load of passengers throw off into 
 the atmosphere about them two pounds of solid 
 and gaseous impurities every hour ; and as the 
 doors and windows are generally closed while in 
 motion, persons would do well to leave the car and 
 walk on the platform at every station. 
 
282 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 - One of the most impressive illustrations 
 of the demagoguism of our public men was given, 
 when the Congress of the United States passed 
 the " Eight hour-law," which expressed the idea 
 that laboring men ought not to work more than 
 eight hours a day ; that a man should be paid 
 enough money for eight hours' work to support 
 himself and family ; and that he ought to have the 
 time beyond that for rest, recreation, and improve- 
 ment. The practical effect was that as the price 
 of labor increased, the price of everything else 
 increased in the same proportion, and the laborer 
 was no better off than he was before. In addition, 
 the people by degrees began to see that a man 
 could not do a day's work in eight hours, and con- 
 sequently refused to pay them for what they did 
 not do ; would not pay them for ten and twelve 
 hours' work when they worked only eight hours. 
 Moneyed men refused to embark in enterprises 
 which required labor, and invested their means in 
 mortgages or government securities. One gentle- 
 man alone, in New York, declined building to the 
 extent of one million dollars, on the ground that 
 a man could not do a day's work in eight hours. 
 Merchants and bankers, lawyers, clergymen, and 
 physicians in any great city have to work nearer 
 sixteen hours a day than eight. Multitudes of 
 them are found hard at work in their places of 
 business long after dark, and very often until near 
 midnight ; and there is no reason why a mechanic 
 should be less favored, especially as nine out of 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 283 
 
 ten of them spend the hours beyond eight, not 
 indeed in study, or reading, or helping their wives 
 at home, but in idle gossip at street corners, gro- 
 cery stores, and beer-shops. 
 
 1336. To wash the hands and feet just before 
 going to bed, leaves a feeling of satisfaction and 
 comfort well worth the trouble. 
 
 1337. About one quarter of all "Bitters" sold 
 as medicines, contain thirty per cent, of alcohol, 
 while the purest brandies and best whiskeys con- 
 tain less than fifty per cent. 
 
 1338. Diphtheria has been cured by taking quin- 
 ine to the extent of its causing deafness or a ring- 
 ing in the ears, when the membrane or exudation 
 'loosens, or detaches itself, and the appetite and 
 strength begin to return. A boy of fourteen took 
 sixty-four grains in forty-eight hours, before the 
 ringing commenced, but soon recovered his health. 
 
 1339. There is very little luck in business suc- 
 cess : the man who achieves a fortune, a good 
 name, and a serene old age, in pointing out to you 
 the chart of his life, will show that his way has 
 led through the toilsome, dusty road of economy, 
 self-denial, and diligent, persevering, persistent 
 painstaking, so as to insure that everything should 
 be well done, and at the time and price promised. 
 
 1340. There is no despotism more absolute than 
 the despotism of democracy ; as witness trades- 
 unions beating and killing men who are willing to 
 work for what they can get rather than be sup- 
 ported by the earnings of others. 
 
284 HOW TO LIVE LONG: 
 
 1341. The immortality of the soul is in strik- 
 ing contrast with the evanescent nature of the 
 body ; it was so deeply impressed on the mind 
 of the Jewish people, as to have been taken for 
 granted, as a matter of course, and therefore 
 seldom stated ; just as it would be considered un- 
 necessary to say that " snow is white," although 
 reference may be made to that fact in an indi- 
 rect manner, which makes it really stronger, as 
 in the assertion, " I am the God of Abraham, 
 and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. 
 God is not the God of the dead, but of the liv- 
 ing," which indirectly amounts to the assertion, 
 that these men were living in the Saviour's day. 
 Where that undying part resides, is beyond our 
 present knowledge ; it has been usually referred 
 to the brain ; but as a man winds up his watch 
 sometimes unconsciously, or can play on the 
 flute or a piano with his fingers, while he is think- 
 ing or talking of something else, it would seem 
 that there is intelligence in the nervous system 
 as well as in the brain. This we do know, that 
 the living soul entered Adam with a breath, and 
 that with the breath it leaves all of Adam born ; 
 " the breath of life," its connection with the soul, 
 we cannot fathom now, but may " know hereaf- 
 ter." Meanwhile we must be content with the fact 
 that life, life eternal, immortality, has been more 
 clearly brought to light by the Gospel. Without 
 the faith of this future existence, it would seem 
 that man would actually die under the depressing 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. . 285 
 
 influence of the doctrine of annihilation, and we 
 " would be of all men the most miserable." 
 
 1342. It is worth more than diamonds pure 
 and costliest diadems, to have an abiding and im- 
 plicit faith that there is a Providence in all the 
 affairs of life, however adverse the seeming. 
 
 1343. It admits of demonstration that the gases 
 of soil pipes will ascend through the water in the 
 syphon traps, and will in time perforate the leaden 
 pipe at a point in the bend which the water does 
 not touch ; hence traps should be made with a 
 longer column of water, a foot at least, and in 
 addition there should be a pipe leading from the 
 soil-pipe or sewer, to the flue in the chimney con- 
 nected with the kitchen fire, where there is an 
 upward and outward draught at- all seasons of the 
 year. 
 
 1344. It is greatly to the credit of the beauti- 
 ful city of Baltimore, that drawing is taught to 
 20,000 children in the public schools ; it is an 
 art which cultivates accuracy of observation, 
 judgment, and comparison ; it is a constant 
 source of pleasurable amusement at home and 
 abroad ; from sketches taken in travel, it brings 
 to vivid remembrance in after years what was 
 most impressive in the journey ; and may be made 
 of practical pecuniary value in almost every de- 
 partment of business, in conveying accurate, defi- 
 nite information, and of a kind not to be mis- 
 understood, as verbal and written descriptions 
 often are. 
 
286 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 J 345- Vineland, New Jersey, has a population 
 of ten thousand ; there is a clause in every deed, 
 forbidding the sale of liquor. During six months 
 no citizen required any assistance from the over- 
 seer of the poor. During one year there was one 
 indictment, and that for a little fight between 
 two colored persons ; there were but three fires, 
 and only one house burned ; the taxes are only 
 one per cent, and there is no debt ; the police ex- 
 penses are seventy-five dollars a year. A little 
 town in New England, of less than ten thousand 
 inhabitants, maintains forty grog-shops ; a police 
 judge, city marshal, assistant marshal, four night 
 watchmen, and six policemen, are necessary for 
 the protection of the peace of the town ; four fire 
 companies of forty men each, costing $3,000 a 
 year, are called out on an average every other 
 week ; it costs $2,500 a year to support the poor, 
 and the township owes $120,000 ; this striking dif- 
 erence between two towns, one of which permits 
 the sale of liquor and the other does not, is a 
 most impressive commentary on the value of the 
 prohibition of the sale of liquors to the people. 
 
 1346. Not only is green paper for walls poison- 
 ous, unless kept well varnished or painted, but red 
 papering also, because the material used to fix the 
 red color contains arsenic, as well as green paper, 
 carpets, and curtains. It is very certain that hard- 
 plastered walls are healthier for chambers than 
 those which are covered with paper, whatever the 
 color. 
 
'HEALTH MAXIMS. 287 
 
 1347. Useful men, good men and women, are 
 pf ten taken away in the very midst of their use- 
 fulness, and often too at such critical times, that 
 we feel as if we could not do without them, and 
 notably clergymen, and missionaries, and other 
 co-workers in the cause of religion ; but somehow 
 or other, it always turns out that their places are 
 supplied, sooner or later. Still we wonder why 
 they should have been taken away ; this we know, 
 that there are other worlds ; they may be inhab- 
 ited, and "the Lord hath need of them," either 
 there, or in this world, as messengers to do his 
 bidding in the armies of heaven, or amongst 
 the inhabitants of the earth. Gabriel was Dan- 
 iel's angel, and the angel of others, and sometimes 
 when his work was more difficult than he ex- 
 pected, or took a longer time, he would be oc- 
 casionally hurried, just as men are in this world 
 when short of help ; it seems almost that it was 
 his business, in a sense, to answer prayer. All 
 these things come to light, in the tenth of Dan- 
 iel, and as the world gets older and better, there 
 are more prayers to be heard, more messengers, 
 angels, whose services are to be called into requi- 
 sition, since the government of the Almighty 
 is one of instrumentalities, and to be an instru- 
 ment of his, to be a willing servant, is the high- 
 est bliss. So when the good and pure, and cherub 
 children are taken from us, we may find refuge 
 in the consolation that " the Lord hath need of 
 them." 
 
288 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1348. After all the hard work of the last two 
 hundred and fifty years, the world has not got. 
 rich enough, not got ahead far enough to feed 
 itself four years, if every human being were to 
 stop work from this day out. So a man who in 
 fifty years makes enough to live upon for the 
 remainder of his threescore and ten, " beats the 
 world." 
 
 1349. Money lent at high interest, generally 
 stays lent. Hence those who have but little to 
 lose, cannot afford to run the risk ; yet such are 
 oftenest tempted to do so, and pay the penalty of 
 a life of penury and privation ever after. 
 
 1350. I know a man who, up to fifty-five, took 
 coffee every morning, and tea every night, with 
 large proportions of cream and sugar ; one morn- 
 ing he suddenly concluded he would cease the 
 use of coffee as a habit and would take tea with- 
 out cream or sugar ; ten years later he never 
 fails to stir his tea with a spoon ; sometimes he 
 catches himself in the act, and ceases instantly. 
 A clergyman shaved himself before a looking-glass 
 on the mantel ; noticing its absence one day, he 
 complained to the house-maid of her neglect. 
 " La ! master, I thought you did not need it, and 
 have not put it there for three weeks." A man 
 writes his name in precisely the same way at 
 fifty, as at twenty-five ; we may call it habit, but 
 that is not an explanation ; is there instinctive or 
 mechanical intelligence in the nerves, outside the 
 brain ? 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 289 
 
 1351. Intestinal paralysis has resulted from the 
 use of ambrosial hair dye, the element of lead 
 causing the difficulty. 
 
 1352. Common itch is caused by a micro- 
 scopic insect eating into the skin. Cover the part 
 with sweet oil, and the disease is cured ; as the 
 insect breathes through its skin, the oil plugs up 
 the pores, and death follows from suffocation. 
 The mildew of plants is destroyed by sprinkling 
 over them a mixture of two thirds water and one 
 third molasses ; the water evaporates and leaves 
 a thin film of sugar, or varnish, which stops up 
 the lungs of the plant, and it would die in a few 
 days if the rain did not wash it off. A child was 
 covered with gold-leaf, for a public occasion, but 
 came so near dying in a few hours, that the au- 
 thorities ordered its removal, so nearly alike are 
 plants, animals, and man. 
 
 1353. It is well to bear in mind that while the 
 pulse of a healthy adult is from sixty-eight to 
 seventy-two beats in a minute, healthy breathing 
 is about one fourth of that, or from sixteen to 
 eighteen times a minute, but this must be noted 
 while the person is unconscious of it. 
 
 1354. The railroads of this country have cost 
 near two thousand millions of dollars ; if left with- 
 out repairs for ten years, they would for railroad 
 purposes be worthless. But the heart, the pulse, 
 the whole human machine, does its own repairs as 
 it goes along, and works steadily from infancy to 
 four-score, thus " wonderfully are we made." 
 
 19 
 
2QO HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1355. There is a species of ribbon-grass, no 
 two spears of which are precisely alike. But men 
 and women have been found to have such a close 
 resemblance as not to be distinguishable by 
 sight ; but the photograph of the palm of the 
 hand, taken in a strong oblique light, is peculiar to 
 itself, and is never like another's, hence is a per- 
 fect identification. 
 
 1356. Persons are sometimes needlessly dis- 
 turbed, by noticing that the pulse or heart loses 
 a beat in every three or four or more ; persons 
 having good health have noticed this for many 
 years in succession, and later in life nature has 
 made the rectification. Talleyrand's pulse in- 
 termitted one beat in every six, and he inter- 
 preted it to mean that the heart in consequence 
 had one sixth more rest, gave him one sixth more 
 vigor, and that it would give him one sixth more 
 of life. He died at eighty-five. 
 
 1357. The quickest way to bring about a re- 
 form among the poor, the vicious, and the thrift- 
 less, is to make reform pecuniarily profitable. 
 Multitudes of drunkards are made every year in 
 restaurants, and eating-houses, and lunch rooms. 
 Let the public know where a cleaner and better 
 and cheaper meal can be had than at places 
 where liquor is sold or given away, and those 
 places will be patronized by high and low ; such 
 are the Quaker dairies in New York. 
 
 1358. The abnegation of trades-unions is the 
 shortest road to low prices and good times. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 29 1 
 
 1359. Persons subject to lead colic, should 
 never eat anything without having on leathern 
 gloves, and at each meal should take half a glass 
 of sweet milk ; for the gloves prevent any par- 
 ticles of lead being conveyed by the hands or 
 from the finger-ends to the food and passing into 
 the stomach, while the milk antagonizes the poi- 
 sonous effect of any stray particle finding its way 
 there. 
 
 1360. Captain Nares, of the expedition to find 
 Sir John Franklin, states that when the men of 
 his party, on leaving the tents on an exploration, 
 had the choice of tea or grog, every one preferred 
 the tea, instinct teaching them in those arctic 
 latitudes where the thermometer was sixty-two 
 degrees below zero, that tea kept them warmer, 
 sustained them longer than spirits ; and more 
 recent chemical observations show that alcohol 
 lowers the heat of the body, hence ought not to 
 be taken to " warm up." 
 
 1361. There is a very general impression that 
 hardships and exposures toughen the constitution 
 and make it more capable of endurance ; but on 
 an occasion when a ship was sent to Greenland to 
 find an exploring party who had not been heard 
 from for two winters, on their being found it was 
 discovered that the new comers bore the cold 
 much better than the old ones. It is with men as 
 with cattle, those who are housed best and fed 
 most liberally thrive best and can do the most 
 work. 
 
2Q2 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1362. The pathway of human improvement ap- 
 proaches the infinite ; by science applied to the 
 burning of coal, there is an amount of power ex- 
 pended, of work done daily, equal to that of a 
 hundred millions of men ; that is, steam does as 
 much work every day in Great Britain, as could 
 be done by that many men in the same time, 
 or twelve times as much as before the days of 
 steam. Ten years ago, a voyage from Liverpool 
 to Calcutta required a hundred and twenty days ; 
 now, a steamer by the Suez Canal can pass the 
 distance in thirty days ; within the same time 
 there has been a saving of coal of one tenth, by 
 the improvements made in steam-engines, giving 
 more room for goods, at a less cost of freight 
 
 1363. Sometimes great men have to work on 
 without apparent result and against opposition, 
 and even " die without the sight," yet unshaken in 
 their faith and unswerving in their sense of duty. 
 This is moral heroism of the highest type ; so it 
 is in some forms of disease requiring patient per- 
 sistence, with almost no advances to encourage. 
 Charles Sumner's case is a strong illustration, but 
 success came after years of brave endurance. 
 
 1364. The present Earl of Shaftesbury refused 
 a government appointment with a salary of a hun- 
 dred thousand dollars a year, because it would in- 
 terfere with his efforts in the House of Lords for 
 the amelioration of the condition of operatives in 
 factories. Here is one of nature's noblemen, to 
 be classed with Howard and Peabody and Bergh, 
 men of grand aims and generous hearts. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 293 
 
 1365. A London druggist writes that he has 
 in a short time received from his customers the 
 following orders. All medical prescriptions should 
 be written out in full, in plain English. 
 
 WJiat was written. What was wanted. 
 
 Conservative Roses, Cons. Rosae. 
 
 Bold Harmony, Bole Armenia. 
 
 Cast Iron Sope, Sapo Castil. 
 
 Linctified Naptha, Naphtha Rect. 
 
 Vigorous Turpentine, Tereb. Venet. 
 
 Sweet Nighter, Spt. ^Eth. Nit. 
 
 Barrax of Hunny, Mel. Boracis. 
 
 Stincho of Rhubarb, Tincture of Rhubarb. 
 
 Oblong Tea, Oolong Tea. 
 
 1366. The old time school education is con- 
 stantly becoming less valuable as the diffusion of 
 knowledge becomes more general. A larger num- 
 ber now start even in the race of life, but they 
 will always come out ahead whose training was 
 most successful in learning them to think for 
 themselves by throwing them on their own re- 
 sources, and planning their own ways out of diffi- 
 culties, on the old time principle that necessity is 
 the mother of invention. 
 
 1367. If society has a right to separate con- 
 victed criminals from intercourse with it for a 
 season or for a lifetime, the question will present 
 itself in the near future, that, as in the light of the 
 fact that vile passions and crime are hereditary, 
 does not society owe it to itself to prevent such 
 perpetuation by permanent seclusion or surgical 
 interference. 
 
294 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1368. Warts should never be cut or picked ; 
 they may be removed without leaving a scar, by 
 rubbing them night and morning with a piece of 
 muriate of ammonia, moistened. 
 
 1369. Two very great changes are quietly and 
 steadily going on in connection with the practice 
 
 . of medicine. A quarter of a century ago we 
 wrote that he was worthy who could best cure 
 disease, but he was worthier and greater who did 
 most to prevent it ; then and there we entered on 
 its teachings, and now sanitary science, which 
 means the prevention of sickness by rational 
 means in the individual, in families, and in com- 
 munities, is taking the first rank in medical in- 
 quiry, and is engaging the attention of the best 
 minds in both hemispheres. The second change 
 is the gradually less frequent resort to medicine, 
 and a greater tendency to preserve the strength 
 of the patient by meeting his symptoms with 
 nourishing food. On this ground is the introduc- 
 tion of "Koumys," fermented asses or mare's 
 milk, for the cure of consumption and all diseases 
 requiring nutrition, and the employment of choc- 
 olate, a dessert spoonful in a cup, for diarrhoea, 
 repeat as desired. 
 
 1370. To a great extent, crime descends, from 
 parents to children by inheritance ; so do vicious 
 practices, propensities, and predilections ; hence it 
 is no wonder that all nations in all ages have re- 
 spected family connection in proportion as it has 
 been long and honorable. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 295 
 
 1371. "Koumys" may soon become a very 
 familiar word, as it means that milk can be medic- 
 inally used to very great advantage in the treat- 
 ment of consumption, dyspepsia, and various forms 
 of neuralgia ; it is essentially fermented milk in one 
 of three stages : the young, the middle, and the 
 old ; one of the most constant effects is the in- 
 crease in nutrition, the fermenting process adding 
 three new substances to the milk : carbonic acid, 
 lactic acid, and alcohol. It has been known in 
 Russia and among the Tartars for a century, and 
 is most highly esteemed as a remedy in various 
 lung affections. Grier, who as a surgeon in the 
 Russian army had a good opportunity of studying 
 the subject, first directed the attention of Eng- 
 land, his native country, to its remedial effects in 
 1873, and Schnapp in France. 
 
 1372. A newly laid egg is full, but every hour it 
 becomes less and less so, by the escape of the 
 internal liquid through the porous shell, which 
 lightens it, causing it to rise in water. If to 
 a quart of pure water four ounces of salt are 
 added, an egg a day old or less will sink to the 
 bottom, and is fresh ; if three days old, it is stale 
 and will float ; if five days old, a part of it will pro- 
 ject above the surface of the water; these differ- 
 ences are more decided as the weather is warmer. 
 An egg dipped in glycerine, or liquid glue, or gum 
 arabic, or varnish, will have its pores closed, hence 
 will keep fresh a long time in a cool place. 
 
296 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1373. One of the most just and merited benev- 
 olences of the times, in reality a debt, is the ample 
 support of clergymen and their families who are 
 in necessitous circumstances after having devoted 
 their lives to the preaching of the Gospel. 
 
 1374. Hallucinations are sometimes cured by 
 humoring the patient, rather than by endeavoring 
 to reason him out of them. A poor woman thought 
 she was possessed of a devil. Dr. Priestly caused 
 her to stand on a block of glass, and with some 
 mystifying manipulations gave her a tremendous 
 shock of electricity. "There ! I saw him go off in 
 a blue flame, but he gave me such a jerk." A 
 man thought that his nose had a glass bottle 
 growing on it, and wanted the doctor to take it 
 off; he was required to close his eyes until he 
 could count sixty, this wholly preoccupied his 
 mind ; holding a bottle near the nose with one 
 hand, the doctor gave it a violent blow with his 
 cane in the other, the patient paid his fee and 
 went off perfectly satisfied. 
 
 1375. It is not the number of any society or 
 church which tells on its influence for good, but 
 the weight of character belonging to each indi- 
 vidual. 
 
 1376. A business friend who came to New 
 York from Albany a poor boy, and was able to 
 retire before he was forty-five, in answer to the 
 question how he succeeded so well, replied, "I 
 always saw for myself that my orders were exe- 
 cuted ; I never trusted to others." 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 297 
 
 1377. Contempt is frequently mutual ; when a 
 man knows a thing is true, although he cannot 
 give a reason for it, and you pronounce it " ridic- 
 ulous," "absurd," because it seems to you irra- 
 tional, he has the advantage of you. An old 
 woman advised a friend who had for many years 
 been subject to attacks of erysipelas about the 
 face and head, to wear around her neck green 
 glass beads on a silken string, with a silk bag filied 
 with powdered brimstone attached ; it was done, 
 and there was no attack of the disease for twelve 
 years, when the lady died of some other malady, 
 aged seventy-two ; the old woman spoke from her 
 own personal individual experience ; and now a 
 physician writes he had not known a failure of 
 good results, in similar cases, in twenty years ; 
 lately, a man states that he had been cured of 
 painful rheumatic gout, by having the legs of his 
 bedstead stand in the bottom of porter bottles. 
 There is one principle running through both these 
 cases ; the glass beads, the silk thread, the silken 
 purse, the brimstone, the porter bottles, are all 
 remarkable non-conductors of electricity ; they 
 prevent its being carried away from the body ; it 
 may be found in time, that many diseases may be 
 cured by conveying electricity into the body, or 
 preventing it .from going out, although this must 
 be very gradually done, for if it is brought about 
 in a hurry, as by a stroke of lightning, the conse- 
 quences might not be wholly agreeable, although 
 very prompt in ending the suffering. 
 
298 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1378. The new medication, transfusion of blood, 
 has four branches : I. Transfusion of defibrinated 
 blood. 2. Mediate transfusion with pure blood. 
 3. Immediate transfusion from vein to vein. 4. 
 Immediate transfusion from artery to artery. The 
 present promise is, that it may become an im- 
 portant addition to the means of curing various 
 diseases. Then again, hypodermic injections have 
 been introduced, by which medicines injected 
 under the skin have a more rapid and powerful 
 remedial effect than when swallowed into the 
 stomach. But the greater point after all is, not 
 to get sick. This is certainly practicable to a 
 great extent, for three fourths of all ordinary dis- 
 eases are avoidable, arising as they do from vari- 
 ous forms of filth of person, clothing, habitation, 
 and domicil surroundings. 
 
 1379. The annual product of this country is 
 seven thousand millions of dollars, which divided 
 among its forty millions of inhabitants gives a 
 hundred and seventy-five dollars a year to each, 
 out of which must be paid all taxes and cost of 
 clothing, shelter, eating, and fuel ; no wonder then 
 the mass of mankind must toil all the days of their 
 life ; but if all were to keep well, as they could 
 do, if health were reasonably cared for, almost 
 half the work, intelligently performed, would ac- 
 complish as much ; hence, every idler, every gen- 
 tleman loafer, every man who earns nothing, 
 makes nothing, makes some other brother man 
 work the harder for his benefit ; is this right ? 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 299 
 
 1380. In the progress of knowledge, it is not 
 unreasonable to hope for the good time coming 
 when perfect health shall be the rule and sickness 
 the exception, and when the almost universal end- 
 ing of life, except by accident, shall be old age, 
 and when every one will go down to the grave 
 " like as a shock of corn cometh in his season." 
 
 1381. The whole system of the education of 
 children, whether in public schools or by private 
 tuition, is founded on a basis which is ruinous to 
 the physical and detrimental to the mental consti- 
 tution ; it makes study laborious and cultivates 
 bad habits of thought ; while the brain is fragile 
 and watery, it should not be strained ; all study 
 should be made easy, information should be com- 
 municated more by sight, and not by letters and 
 reading, earlier than seven years of age ; and even 
 thereafter children should be instructed as much 
 as possible by drawings and sketchings, while the 
 imagination could be exercised by designing, thus 
 helping them to give mechanical form to their 
 thoughts. 
 
 1382. A cubic inch of gold, which measures an 
 inch each way, is worth about a hundred and fifty 
 dollars ; a cubic foot, a quarter of a million ; a 
 cubic yard, seven millions ; a room twenty-three 
 feet each way, would hold all the gold now in the 
 world, outside of the mines ; yet good health, with 
 a good heart, is worth more than all this treasure, 
 but we daily risk it for the millionth part of the 
 gold. 
 
300 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1383. A house which has been unoccupied for 
 even a week should never be moved into without 
 kindling fires to burn day and night for several 
 days, with doors and windows opened, so as to 
 allow all odors and gases to escape, and to dry all 
 the walls and wood-work most thoroughly ; espe- 
 cially ought this to be done if beads of water are 
 noticed on the plastering anywhere ; the least 
 observant know that the rooms of a house have a 
 damp, musty, heavy, dead atmosphere, even if 
 shut up for a very few days, in the finest weather. 
 
 1384. Physiological mathematics, a phrase not 
 perhaps used before in any writings, might, with 
 incalculable advantage to human health and well- 
 being, be made a branch of common school 
 education. Instead of the dry sums of addition, 
 multiplication, and division of numbers of quan- 
 tity, an immense amount of practical knowledge 
 of a sanitary character might be stored up in 
 the minds of children thus : half a cubic inch 
 of oxygen is consumed at every breath ; we 
 breathe in health, sixteen times in a minute, how 
 long will it take to consume all the oxygen in a 
 room holding twenty-four feet ? If a scholar 
 breathes seventy cubic feet of air in four hours, 
 how many cubic feet will a hundred require in 
 four hours ? Questions like these would make 
 children familiar with the most vital truths in san- 
 itary matters, and they would never be forgotten. 
 
 1385. A few live fish, pickerel or trout, will keep 
 a well or cistern entirely free from worms and 
 bugs. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 30 1 
 
 1386. There is a fundamental error in the sys- 
 tem of public school instruction. For as now con- 
 ducted, the ambition of the pupil is circumscribed 
 to the one point of making a recitation without a 
 mistake, the next day the lesson is almost for- 
 gotten ; the memory is mechanical, there is no 
 love of study, no pleasure in it, it is nothing short 
 of a repelling, painful task, while it should be 
 made a pleasure, a mental feast. There should be 
 less use made of books, more of the blackboard ; 
 knowledge should be made to come through the 
 sight of objects real or drawn or sketched ; there 
 is an immense amount of nerve force wasted in 
 endeavoring to give form to what is read or de- 
 scribed, overtasking the brain, and exceedingly 
 debilitating to the whole being. 
 
 1387. An office-holder in Washington wrote 
 that his health was giving way, that the respon- 
 sibilities of his position were such that he could 
 not get to sleep until towards daylight, and that 
 he did not average two nights of good sleep in 
 a month. With some other incidental advice, he 
 was counselled to embrace an opportunity of an 
 electioneering tour in New England. In less than 
 two weeks he could sleep ten hours out of the 
 twenty-four, could eat most extravagantly, and in 
 all other respects was a new man. The question 
 is, is he not paying too much for his office ? He 
 is killing himself by inches, as are many others, 
 in similar positions of responsibility in every de- 
 partment of business, when the remedy is just at 
 hand : an out-door occupation. 
 
3<D2 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1388. A tooth may be filed down to the gum 
 without pain, if a piece of cotton dipped in ether 
 is laid first on the tooth and then on the file ; if a 
 nerve is exposed, dip a bit of wood in nitric acid 
 and touch the end of the nerve with it. 
 
 1389. As the ages roll on, not so many children 
 are born, but more survive to man's estate in con- 
 sequence of a more general diffusion of the knowl- 
 edge of the laws of life and health, as well as that 
 the effect of a greater intelligence is to elevate to 
 higher and more intellectual tastes on which a 
 larger share of the nervous energies are expended, 
 and less on the animal appetites and instincts. 
 
 1 390. Tainted nieat is prized by many as being 
 " tender," but it is not as easily digested as is 
 fresh, which can be always known by its elasticity 
 to the touch ; it does not leave the indentation of 
 the finger, as in dough. 
 
 1391. If we look through the circle of the hand 
 at a painting or other thing, we get the depth, the 
 relief, which is necessary to a satisfactory view, the 
 focal length being increased ; it exposes deficien- 
 cies, and enables one to better judge of the real 
 value of any work of art ; it is both a stereoscope 
 and telescope, always at hand, and saves straining 
 the eyes. 
 
 1392. The safest tonic for persons who have 
 not a good appetite, is some kind of -food which 
 they relish, as canary birds and bull-finches " pick 
 up" when fed now and then with green plantain 
 leaves, chick-weed, shepherd's purse, and ground- 
 sel. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 303 
 
 1393. It has been known for a hundred years, 
 that if the garment worn next the skin is satur- 
 ated with salt-water, it quenches intolerable thirst, 
 because the warmth of the skin sets up a distill- 
 ing process, and the vapor of water makes its 
 way into the circulation, the particles of salt be- 
 ing too large to enter, and too heavy to rise. 
 
 1394. A poor young man, too lame to walk, 
 too near-sighted to see any distance, for years and 
 years an invalid, whose only available method of 
 making even a little money, is in operating a 
 knitting-machine, writes : " I would think it one 
 of the greatest blessings of my life, if I could 
 earn enough for mother, who is now eighty-four, 
 that she would not have to tire herself with work, 
 for the rest of her life." Here is a hero with a 
 heart worth more than gold. Shame be to that 
 child, who is content to look to a parent for a 
 support, and is meanly waiting in idleness, for 
 death to put him in possession of his inherit- 
 ance. 
 
 1395. "Did you break that glass.? " 
 
 " Yes, mam ' but I did n't go to do it." 
 "You didn't go to do it! you didn't go not to 
 do it, you little careless creature ; " and then 
 comes the whipping of a child, and vituperation 
 of a servant, thus punishing for truthfulness and 
 offering a reward for lying. Let the reader in- 
 quire if this is his method of offering the strong- 
 est temptation to the weak and ignorant, to per- 
 haps the first falsehood. It is not only a 
 cruelty, but a crime. 
 
304 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1396. Every boy and girl, when at all practicable, 
 should be taught to swim, not only as a form of 
 agreeable and healthy exercise for both sexes, like 
 skating, but as a means of saving their own lives 
 and the lives of others. Alderman John Horn, 
 Jr., of Detroit, Michigan, in May, 1875, saved 
 the life of a poor little news-boy, who fell into the 
 water in the presence of two boat-loads of people, 
 not one of whom was willing to jump into the 
 river ; the alderman chanced to be seated in his 
 office, and hearing a confused noise, ran immedi- 
 ately to the place, and without an instant's hesi- 
 tation, sprang into the water and rescued the 
 child just as he was sinking, which made the 
 number of one hundred and twenty persons, 
 whom he has saved from drowning. He is a good 
 swimmer, and his method is to hold the person 
 at arm's-length, aiming to keep only the head of 
 the drowning person out of the water ; this re- 
 quires very little strength, only of a few pounds. 
 Who will not envy the satisfaction of this brave 
 man, at the thought of having rescued so many 
 imperilled fellow-creatures from a watery grave, 
 and every time at the peril of his own life. Let 
 every reader hope and pray, that his own life may 
 not at last be sacrificed to his benignant hero- 
 ism. 
 
 1397. If you are very sleepy, can scarce keep 
 your eyes open, slide into bed without undressing ; 
 otherwise the usual preparation will thoroughly 
 arouse you, and you may not fall to sleep for 
 hours. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 305 
 
 1398. Never cross a bridge before you come to 
 it. This will save half the troubles of life. 
 
 1399. It is not wise nor is it a pure humanity, 
 to ask a person a question, when it is to his in- 
 terest to give a false answer ; nor is it politic for 
 you to run a risk in acting upon its truthfulness. 
 It is better to find out what you want in some 
 other way, or have some corroborating circum- 
 stance, or additional testimony to the point. 
 
 1400. Suspiciousness is one of the meanest 
 and one of the most troublesome traits of human 
 character ; it makes its owner thoroughly miser- 
 able, and lays him liable to life-long and bitter 
 remorse, if he expresses it to others. Many per- 
 sons of a low nature do not hesitate, apparently, 
 to charge their servants with theft the moment 
 a thing is missed. The generous-hearted, the 
 magnanimous, would rather suffer loss than to 
 prefer a charge, at least up to the very point 
 almost of its being a certainty. Two years ago a 
 man charged his servant-girl with stealing $200 ; 
 she was sent to a Pennsylvania prison, and now 
 it comes to light that the money was found 
 where he had hidden it. We cannot compute 
 the heart agony of that poor girl, her mother, 
 her father, the brothers and sisters at home, of 
 other kindred and friends. Put yourself in that 
 girl's place for a few brief moments, before you 
 make a charge of crime against any human be- 
 ing. 
 
 20 
 
306 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1401. As stones in some soils add to their fer- 
 tility, by preventing their becoming baked and 
 hard, by keeping the loam more moist, preventing 
 speedy evaporation, and regulating the tempera- 
 ture, as well as by their more or less disintegra- 
 tion by the action of the weather, and by attri- 
 tion, giving out atoms of nourishment to plants, 
 in the form of iron, or lime, or other elementary 
 principles ; so do the stones of life, its hard lumps, 
 its rough pathways, serve to modify human char- 
 acter, to give it nourishment, and strength, and 
 vigor, to accomplish higher and better things, 
 than if there had been no experience of them ; 
 so that even the hardships of life have their 
 value. 
 
 1402. Consumption is almost unknown at Sa- 
 mara on the Tigris, 34 north latitude, where the 
 vicissitudes of the weather are great and frequent. 
 Ucke thinks this exemption arises from the fact, 
 that the atmosphere contains a greater amount of 
 oxygen than at any other station where observa- 
 tions have been made in reference to this point. 
 At Barnaul, 200 Ibs. of oxygen are breathed in 
 a week ; 167 Ibs. at Seringapatam ; 192 Ibs. in 
 London. In a year, 2,385 Ibs. of oxygen are 
 breathed in Siberia; 2,326 in Eastern Europe; 
 2,272 in Central Europe ; and in Western Europe, 
 including Brussels and London, 2,305, or a little 
 over a ton a year. A high barometer indicates 
 an increased amount of oxygen, but decreased by 
 humidity and a high temperature. 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 307 
 
 1403. In shutting a door sometimes the whole 
 side of the house is jarred, and the ugly noise 
 can be heard all over the building ; put a single 
 drop of oil on the catch or latch, and it can be 
 closed with an infant's hand, without noise or jar ; 
 so often, in common life, will a drop of moral oil, 
 a kind, a deprecating, a good-natured word, cut 
 short off a great variety of jars, domestic, social, 
 and business, which otherwise would end in cruel 
 woundings and life-long estrangements. 
 
 1404. In 1539 there was found in Sautse Abbey, 
 England, " a bedstead with a nett for knatts," a 
 veritable mosquito bar ; so all knowledge of com- 
 forts and conveniences was not left for moderns 
 to invent and discover. 
 
 1405. As steam does daily in Great Britain the 
 work of a hundred million of men, some other 
 means must be devised for generating power when 
 all the coal is burned up. There are several sources 
 of inexhaustible supply, and he will make himself 
 an undying fame who will discover the means of 
 their inexpensive utilization ; the wasted power of 
 the tides of the ocean, the heat in the sunshine, 
 the motor power of electricity, which, although 
 illimitable, is too expensive on account of the 
 costliness of zinc, one of the materials for its 
 generation ; the wind-mills and the water-wheels 
 we will always have ; gunpowder and nitro-glycer- 
 ine have great power, which might be made use 
 of to propel machinery, if some one could devise 
 some method of regulating it. 
 
308 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 1406. The wounded young soldier was insen- 
 sible, the surgeon said he must die. Chaplain 
 Moody thought that if he could be aroused even 
 for a moment, he might send some word to those 
 at home, which would be a solace to them for all 
 life thereafter ; and in a loud voice, called his 
 given name : " William, do you know where you 
 are." Turning his glazed and darkening eye in 
 the direction of the sound, he replied, " Oh, yes, 
 I 'm on my way home to mother." " But you are 
 dying ; have you any word to send to her." " Tell 
 mother that I died trusting in Christ." "Anything 
 more ? " " Yes, tell mother and sisters to be sure 
 and meet me in heaven," and he was gone. 
 Thus it is that the Christian's hope is an ano- 
 dyne in death ; and while it banishes bodily pain, 
 it rises to the height of beatific visions, and gives 
 joys unutterable up to the very verge of exist- 
 ence. 
 
 1407. The author once advised a young man 
 who seemed to be in the last stages of consump- 
 tion to leave New Orleans and spend the winter 
 in Canada ; he had but little hope of reaching there 
 alive, but he succeeded, and followed closely some 
 general instructions. Twenty years later he called 
 in New York on a European excursion, weighing 
 190 Ibs., in robust health. Before the war a young 
 clock tinker, reduced to a skeleton, almost too 
 weak to walk, was constantly coughing, and had 
 wasting night sweats ; he was advised to quit 
 coughing and sell newspapers. Ten years later he 
 
HEALTH MAXIMS. 309 
 
 called and reported himself well ; he had procured 
 the office of carrying the newspaper mail twice a 
 day from the railway station to the village, a dis- 
 tance of three miles, each way, which he did on foot ; 
 he had no overcoat, so he was advised as winter 
 was coming to walk faster and faster, and if he got 
 chilled to run so as to keep him warm and develop 
 his lungs ; some of the country people thought he 
 was crazy, and when they saw him in sight with 
 his load of papers, they would commonly exclaim, 
 " There comes the crazy tinker ! " He was not crazy, 
 he was trying to make a living for his two poor 
 old and helpless parents ; and he succeeded, for in 
 the intervals of mail carrying, he would follow his 
 tinkering ; by sheer force of will he resisted cough 
 and kept it under. A young man called for ad- 
 vice, he had drenching night sweats, a spiteful 
 cough, and had brought up at different times sev- 
 eral quarts of blood, debilitating him greatly ; he 
 seemed to need no medicine, but was advised to 
 go to the Adirondacks, camp out, hunt and fish, 
 so as to get all the pure air possible, day and 
 night, as well as to get up also a good appetite 
 and a good digestion ; for all consumptives must 
 have air, and strength, and flesh. In three months 
 he had gained twenty pounds, and had improved 
 in other respects very decidedly, but his friends 
 persuaded him that he could not stand a northern 
 winter. He went to Florida and returned in six 
 months, not near as well as when he went away. 
 In Samara, on the Tigris, 34 N. L., consumption 
 is almost unknown, although the climate is very 
 
310 HOW TO LIVE LONG. 
 
 changeable. These narrations are given as facts 
 coming under the author's personal observation^ 
 and known to be literally true. Every sixth 
 death in this country is from consumption ; every 
 fourth death, that is about one fourth of all who 
 die, perish from some form of disease of the air 
 passages ; every one who takes up this book has 
 a personal interest in the subject, for either he or 
 some near friend or relative will fall a victim to 
 this class of maladies. The points which suggest 
 themselves are these : consumptives must have 
 out-door air, every breath possible ; it must be a 
 cool air, because it has the most oxygen, which is 
 absolutely necessary to the purification of the 
 blood, and only does good in proportion to its 
 amount ; warm air and moist air contain but little 
 of it, hence flat warm moist countries are the 
 worst for consumptives, and yet they crowd down 
 South every year in droves only to die ; in short, 
 the consumptive must have a cold air, a dry air, 
 an atmosphere containing the greatest proportion 
 of oxygen ; in all latitudes which are habitable,, 
 warm air is so full of moisture that it displaces the 
 oxygen, hence does not feed the blood, conse- 
 quently always debilitates ; hence in the change- 
 able climate of Samara, with its large supply of 
 oxygen, consumption is almost unknown. 
 
 1408. The consumptive imperatively needs more 
 breath, flesh, and strength, and these are best 
 secured by a sufficient amount of daily exercise 
 out of doors to insure a vigorous digestion of 
 nourishing food. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Abroad, 268. 
 Accidents, 742. 
 Aches, 931-72- 
 Acidity, 138. 
 Adaptability, 273. 
 Advice, 297. 
 Age, Average 159. 
 Agree, 326. 
 Ague, 1042. 
 Aims, 793. 
 Air, 296. 
 
 Albert, Prince, 594. 
 Alcohol, 26, 888. 
 Alcott, 748. 
 Algoid, 1052. 
 Alston, 803. 
 Ambition, 319. 
 Anecdote, 404-79-82, etc. 
 Anodyne, 504. 
 Appetite, 304, 487, 874. 
 Apples, 984. 
 Apologies, 424. 
 Apoplexy, 449~7 2 5- 
 Armitage, 745. 
 Arsenic, 525. 
 Astor, 358-74, 446. 
 Attentions, 16, 47, 343. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babies, 723, 1200. 
 Bacon, Lord, 928. 
 Bacteria, 901. 
 
 Bad Boys, 401-54, 609, 993. 
 Bad Colds, 132. 
 Baldness, 1115. 
 Barnum, 753. 
 Barometer, 792. 
 
 Bear, 835. 
 
 Beard, 464-68. 
 
 Bed, 220. 
 
 Bed-bugs, 1232. 
 
 Beecher, 430. 
 
 Beneficence, 74, 117. 
 
 Bergh, 1364. 
 
 Berkley, 933. 
 
 Betting, 54-9, 231,499, 562, etc. 
 
 Bible, 1219-29. 
 
 Bilious 878, 1176. 
 
 Bismarck, 430, 607. 
 
 Bitters, 64, 165, 750. 
 
 Blindness, 600. 
 
 Body Heat, 44. 
 
 Boils, 729. 
 
 Bones, 488. 
 
 Boorish, 254-61, 632. 
 
 Boxing Ears, 207. 
 
 Brain, 155, 400, 564, etc. 
 
 Breakfast, 927. 
 
 Brooding, 447-59. 
 
 Brown, 374. 
 
 Brown Bread, 136. 
 
 Bruises, 87, 392. 
 
 Building, 987. 
 
 Bulwer, 910. 
 
 Bunyan, 342. 
 
 Buried alive, 224, 723. 
 
 Burke, 145. 
 
 Burn, 578. 
 
 Butler, 168, 321. 
 
 Byron, 429, 578. 
 
 Calvin, 342. 
 Campbell, 321. 
 Candies, 669. 
 Cannibals, 252. 
 
 C. 
 
312 INDEX. 
 
 Carbuncle, 729. 
 Cardinals, 379. 
 Carelessness, 769. 
 Carlisle, 409-46. 
 Capital, 505. 
 Case, 1094. 
 Cavour, 430. 
 Cellars, 366, 650. 
 Cervantes, 321. 
 Change Cloth, 1023. 
 Chapped Hands, 1016. 
 Character, 833. 
 Charcoal, 673. 
 Cheerfulness, 911-45, 1208. 
 Chest, 864. 
 Chilblains, 1029. 
 Childhood, 1013. 
 Children, 161-85. 
 Chills, 143. 
 Chloral, 642. 
 Choking, 262. 
 Churches, 420, 515. 
 Cisterns, 457. 
 Cities, 272. 
 Civilization, 293. 
 Clay, Henry, 592. 
 Cleanliness* 39, 209, 767, 1041. 
 Clergymen, 446, 948. 
 Clothing, 451. 
 Coffee, 473, 855. 
 Coleridge, 578, 858. 
 Colds, 57-60, 114, etc. 
 Combe, 743. 
 Comforts, 93, 149, etc. 
 Comparisons, 500-3-14. 
 Compensations, 974. 
 Competitions, 259. 
 Compress, 557, 747. 
 Constitution, 890. 
 Consumption, 113-97,218,311- 
 
 15-53. 677, 1402-7. 
 Contagion, 1112. 
 Contentment, 465. 
 Convalescence, 306. 
 Convulsions, 449. 
 Corns, 290, 863. 
 Corpulency, 876, 1243. 
 Costive, 160. 
 
 Cough, 201-21-86, 325, etc. 
 Cowell, 492. 
 
 Cribbing, 277. 
 
 Crime prevented, 1367. 
 
 Cuts, 392. 
 
 D. 
 
 Damp Feet, 730. 
 
 David, King, 358, 440, 965. 
 
 Death, Easy, 913. 
 
 Debt, 90, 360-98, 671, 894, 925. 
 
 Desserts, 612, 1192. 
 
 Diarrhcea, 614. 
 
 Digestion, 875, 1070. 
 
 Disagreeable, 515. 
 
 Discipline, 450. 
 
 Disease, 809. 
 
 Disinfectants, 364. 
 
 Disraeli, 91, 409, 910. 
 
 Doing Good, 444, 1037. 
 
 Domestic, 1061- 
 
 Drainage, 248, 368, 523. 
 
 Draper, 409, 740, 1 105. 
 
 Dreaming, 173. 
 
 Dress, 140, 803, 852. 
 
 Drew, 358. 
 
 Drinking, 275, 1040, 1258. 
 
 Drops of Oil, 1403. 
 
 Drowning, 29, 930, 91. 
 
 Drudgery, 1201. 
 
 Drunkards, 1172. 
 
 Dutchman, 850. 
 
 Dying, 9, 472-80, 533, 593, 935- 
 
 44-56. 
 Dyspepsia, 153-83, 274, 302, etc. 
 
 E. 
 
 Ear, 232-95, 432, 102 1. 
 
 Earl of Shaftesbury, 1364. 
 
 Early Rising, 976. 
 
 Earnings, 1379. 
 
 Eating, 236-53-71-82, etc. 
 
 Education, 7, 768, 1381, 1386. 
 
 Eggs, 986, 1372. 
 
 " Ego," 227. 
 
 " Eight to 16," 1231. 
 
 Enterprise, 399. 
 
 Enunciation, 1046. 
 
 Epilepsy, 449. 
 
 Erasmus, 1045. 
 
 Eruptions, 118, 539, 638. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 313 
 
 Erysipelas, 1377. 
 
 Exaggeration, 178. 
 
 Excuses, 1044. 
 
 Exercise, 31, 115,214,316-24- 
 
 45-52, etc. 
 Exposures, 458. 
 Eyes, 232-76-95, 432, 536, 652, 
 
 738- 
 
 G. 
 
 Gabriel, 1347. 
 Genius, 641, 705. 
 Germs, 498, 636. 
 Girls, 481. 
 Gloomy, 937. 
 Gold, 1382. 
 Goldsmith, 321. 
 Good Living, 610. 
 Gout, 836, 1377. 
 Governing, 294. 
 Graham, 748. 
 
 Grant, General, 901, 1026, 1295. 
 Grape Wine, 86, 95. 
 Gravel, 1318. 
 Greatest, 444. 
 Greatness, 943. 
 Greeting, 850. 
 Growing Old, 313. 
 Growl, 1064. 
 Gymnastics, 367. 
 
 H. 
 
 Habit, 145, 667, 1350. 
 
 Hair Dye, 1351. 
 
 Hall, Robert, 615. 
 
 Hallucination, 1374. 
 
 Happiness, 76, 200, 408-55, 76. 
 
 Hardship, 1361. 
 
 Hard Study, 950. 
 
 Harshness, 662. 
 
 Hastings, 455. 
 
 Headache, 1328. 
 
 Health, 914. 
 
 Heart, 91, 397, 960. 
 
 Hearty Suppers, 314. 
 
 Heaven, 679. 
 
 Height, 105. 
 
 Hemorrhage, 1057. 
 
 Henry, 409, 1045. 
 
 Hereditary, 269, 1361. 
 Heredity, 1370. 
 Herodotus, 579. 
 Herschell, 577. 
 Hippocrates, 519. 
 Hives, 538. 
 Hobbies, 812. 
 Home, 1026. 
 Horn, John, 1396. 
 Horseback, 170. 
 Horseflesh, 680. 
 Hospitals, 830, 1 146. 
 Housekeeper, 148. 
 House Location, 273. 
 Humanity, 75. 
 Humboldt, 597. 
 Hume, 593. 
 Huntington, 415. 
 Hurry, 359, 547. 
 Husbands, 813, 1064. 
 Hydrophobia, 198, 219, 431. 
 
 I. 
 
 Ice, 380, 1234. 
 
 Ice Cream, 109, 380. 
 
 Ideas, 582. 
 
 Identity, 1353. 
 
 Idleness, 211, 718, 989. 
 
 Immortality, 977, 1051, 1341. 
 
 Impatience, 230. 
 
 Income, 501. 
 
 Incurable, 1175. 
 
 Indiscretions, 386. 
 
 Industry, 239. 
 
 Infants, 93, 255. 
 
 Inheritance, 454. 
 
 Insanity, 65, 168, 459, 536, etc. 
 
 Insects, 882. 
 
 Instinct, 332, 706, 1195. 
 
 Insurance, 78. 
 
 Inunction, 1109. 
 
 Itch, 1352. 
 
 J- 
 
 Janin, Jules, 482. 
 Job, 378. 
 
 Johnson, 371, 409. 
 Judson, 1109. 
 
314 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Keats, 578. 
 
 Kindness, 99, 423, 829. 
 King, 1139. 
 Kitchen, 650. 
 Kneading, 1113. 
 Koumys, 1369. 
 
 Labor, 917. 
 
 Last Sickness, 1239. 
 
 Late Dinners, 1290. 
 
 Lead Colic, 1359. 
 
 Leanness, 483. 
 
 Letters, 103, 410-21-35,938-49. 
 
 Liberty, 1031. 
 
 Life Average, 340, 888. 
 
 Life Heat, 226. 
 
 Life Mistakes, 266. 
 
 Lifetime, 103-10-59, 256. 
 
 Life Work, 417. 
 
 Lightning, 114. 
 
 Lincoln, 910, 1026. 
 
 Linnaeus, 761. 
 
 Liver, 877, 1113-76. 
 
 Livingstone, 1139. 
 
 Longevity, 131, 338-58, 657. 
 
 Longfellow, 439. 
 
 Lunch, 1118. 
 
 Lyell, 446, 777- 
 
 Lying, 853. 
 
 M. 
 
 Macnish, 769. 
 Mansfield, 1054. 
 Marlboro', 492. 
 Married Life, 63-8, 240, 512, 
 
 599, 805, 1065, 1104, 1252. 
 Marshall, 446. 
 McFlimsey, 1169. 
 Meanness, 492. 
 Measures, 863. 
 Microscope, 1058. 
 Milk, 1156. 
 Milton, 349, 943. 
 Mind and Body, 7. 
 Mind Maladies, 70. 
 Miner, 719. 
 Money, 655, 900. 
 
 Money Lending, 647, 924. 
 Money Made, 545, 1 133. 
 Moodiness, 1020. 
 Morrison, 1139. 
 Morse, 293. 
 Moses, 464. 
 Mothers, 633, 790. 
 Motives, 356-61. 
 Music, 676, 965. 
 
 N. 
 
 Napoleon, 358, 429, 943. 
 Nervous, 685, 708. 
 Neuralgia, 926. 
 New Houses, 1383. 
 Newton, 577, 1324. 
 Night Air, 310-37-1099. 
 " No," 438, 646. 
 Novels, 832. 
 Nursing, 633. 
 
 O. 
 
 Oatmeal, 1124. 
 Odors, 189. 
 "Of course," 518. 
 Oil, 1109. 
 
 Old Age, 313, 403-6-9-25-27, 
 604, 754, 777958, 1015, no8. 
 Old Folks, 848-51. 
 Old Maids, 531. 
 Onions, 265, 1158-68. 
 Open Fires, 1 1 10. 
 Otway, 321. 
 Overwork, 134. 
 Oysters, 350. 
 Ozone, 367. 
 
 P. 
 
 Pain, 931-72, 1103. 
 
 Paintings, 1391. 
 
 Pairs, 992. 
 
 Palmerston, 358, 434, 1026. 
 
 Pangs, 230. 
 
 Paradise, 334. 
 
 Parental, 1395. 
 
 Pasteur, 760. 
 
 Peabody, 1026. 
 
 Penn, 342. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 315 
 
 Perseverance, 322. 
 Persistence, 1364. 
 Perspiration, 174, 814. 
 Philosophical, 1304. 
 Physicians, 96, 242, 775, 88 1, 
 
 932. 
 
 Physiological Mathematics, 1384. 
 Physiology, 507. 
 Piles, 289. 
 Plain People, 516. 
 Plants, 445, 595, 656 
 Plodders, 1193. 
 Pneumonia, 394, 735, 822. 
 Polishing, 1230. 
 Politeness, 107, 267. 
 Poor Boy, 1376. 
 Positive, 175, 181. 
 Poultice, 441. 
 Poverty, 1203. 
 Prayer, 408. 
 Presentiments, 1233. 
 Prince Albert, 594. 
 Proverbs, 551. 
 Providence, 1342. 
 Pulse, 157-82-90-96-225, 1353. 
 
 Q- 
 
 Quaker Dairies, 1357. 
 
 " Queen Bess," 358, 928, 1045. 
 
 Quenching Thirst, 1393. 
 
 R. 
 
 Raleigh, 342. 
 
 Rats, 668. 
 
 Raw Food, 1018. 
 
 Recognition, 144, 308. 
 
 Recreation, 170. 
 
 Religion, 10, 147. 
 
 Remedies, 193, 536. 
 
 Remorse, 260, 1244. 
 
 Retiring, 133-77, 213-85, 407, 
 
 700. 
 
 Resources, 865. 
 Rest, 169-71, 239, 935. 
 Rheumatism, 836. 
 Rhizopod, 519. 
 Rich, 432. 
 Risks, 896. 
 Rock me, 168. 
 
 Rothschild, 358. 
 
 Rubbers, 584. 
 
 Ruts, 229, 791, 812, 1190-94. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sabbath, 994. 
 Salaries, 2, 84, 461, 764. 
 Salt, 1210. 
 
 Sanitation, 368, 791, 870, 970. 
 Sap, 596. 
 Saving Life, 1396. 
 Schlieman, 609. 
 School-room, 969. 
 Scott, Sir W., 593, 1026. 
 Scudder, 1139. 
 Security, 925. 
 Sedentary, iioo. 
 Self-made, 1296. 
 Self-respect, 80 1. 
 Servants, 934. 
 Shakespeare, 928, 1042. 
 Shawls, 412, 1164. 
 Shelley, 578. 
 Sickness, 590, 812, 895. 
 Sitting, 158. 
 Skating, 1027. 
 Slander, 493, 867. 
 Slang, 456, 1307. 
 Slaveries, 542. 
 Sleep, 17, 28, 66, 69, 119-32-50, 
 
 etc. 
 
 Sleepless, 1162-79-91. 
 Slighted, 1012. 
 Small-pox, 191, 770, 953. 
 Smoking, 486, 600. 
 Snow, 445, 86 1. 
 Soldier, 1406. 
 Son's Love, 1394. 
 Soothing, 452-63-66. 
 Sores, 87, 552. 
 Sorrow, 746. 
 Spare Beds, 1298. 
 Speakers, 73. 
 Specific, 1019. 
 Speed, 351. 
 Splinters, 469. 
 Spores, 1052. 
 Sprains, 291. 
 Spring Fevers, 862. 
 Stairs, 777. 
 
3l6 INDEX. 
 
 Stammering, 898. 
 
 Stewarts, 374, 446. 
 
 Stimulants, 83, 176, 602-33-42. 
 
 Stimulus, 321-415. 
 
 Stings, 1311., 
 
 Stomach, 837. 
 
 Stones and Troubles, 1401. 
 
 Strength, 79. 
 
 Students, 1129-39. 
 
 Study, 238, 342, 400, 566. 
 
 St. Vitus, 449. 
 
 Success, 77, 85, 371-76. 
 
 Suicide, 470-96, 910-16-42. 
 
 Sunshine, 736-96, 802, 1050-97. 
 
 Sunstroke, 449. 
 
 Suspicions, 151. 
 
 Sweetmeats, 1193. 
 
 Symptoms, 287, 613. 
 
 System, 607. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tainted Meat, 1390. 
 
 Taken away, 1347. 
 
 Talents, 545, 705, 920. 
 
 Talking, 624. 
 
 Talleyrand, 1043, J 35 6 - 
 
 Taming, 463-66. 
 
 Tantrums, 405. 
 
 Tar Water, 933. 
 
 Tea, 203, 1360. 
 
 Teachers, 763, 963. 
 
 Teeth, 222-28-32, 300, 402, 511, 
 
 726, etc. 
 Temper, 130. 
 Temperance, 165, 753. 
 Temple, 440. 
 Thermometers, 535. 
 Thinkers, 579. 
 Three-score, 409. 
 Throat, 243, 674, 747. 
 Timbs, 417. 
 Time, Saving, 245. 
 Tobacco, 666. 
 Tonic, 1392. 
 Trades Unions, 1358. 
 Transfusion, 1378. 
 Transmigration, 683. 
 Travel, 432, 629, 1177. 
 Trouble, 567, 1301. 
 Truthfulness, 164, 204. 
 
 U. 
 
 Unappreciated, 787, 842, 904. 
 Uncle Sam, 887. 
 
 V. 
 
 Vaccination, 192, 758. 
 Vanderbilt, 358-74, 446. 
 Vanity, 227. 
 Ventilation, 23, 249-96, 489, 643. 
 
 788, 830, 1153. 
 Victoria, 161, 265. 
 
 W. 
 
 Walking, 156, 270-5, 1114. 
 
 Wall Paper, 1346. 
 
 Walpole, 532. 
 
 Warmth, 1144. 
 
 Warts, 1368. 
 
 Washington, 793. 
 
 Wash Tub, 131. 
 
 Waste, 154. 
 
 Watch, 1256. 
 
 Water, 37, 278, 300-9-70. 
 
 Water, Cold, 1075. 
 
 Water Cure, 557. 
 
 Water, Pure, 1039. 
 
 Water Supply, 465, 1320. 
 
 Water, Warm, 1175. 
 
 Weary, 935. 
 
 Weather, 1248. 
 
 Weight, 6, 210-50-57, 998. 
 
 Wellington, 754, 915. 
 
 Wesley, 951. 
 
 Wet Nurse, 180. 
 
 Whittier, 409. 
 
 Wines, 292, 448, 745. 
 
 Wives, 813, 918, looo. 
 
 Words, 624, 662. 
 
 Wordsworth, 858. 
 
 Working, 450, 981-96, 1003. 
 
 Worries, 455, 727, 1149. 
 
 Worthies, 141. 
 
 Wounds, 365-92, 469, 636, 872. 
 
 Writer's Cramp, 1308. 
 
 Writing, 195, 215-23-37-44. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Young Men, 681-86. 
 
14 DAY USE 
 
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 Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. 
 
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