UC-NRLF B H lib 5fi3 I.I BRARY Ol Till. University of California. < t 1 1- r of Received CL<^4 lAsaY' . i8\ Accession No.& 6f£j~ Class h DfiCUMOflfc DEPT. tfp * OVNCIL (jty or Bvpfalo * .897. * Compliments of MARK S. HUBBELL, CITY CLERK. NEWSPAPERS PLEASE NOTICE in: PPIIiiP :, iiiiiiiiiiiliiffTr. CITY AND COUNTY HALL. ( Delaware Ave. Elevation. I OF THE MANUAL Common Council CONTAINING A Sketch of Buffalo, Facts and Figures on Various Subjects, a List Members of the Board of Aldermen, Councilmen and Common Council, constituting the Legislative Branches of The City Government, Together with a Full and Corrected Statement of all Appointments and the Salaries of Municipal Officers, Details and Duties of Public Departments, Vote Required on Various Measures, and full Data Relative to Public Affairs for the Year 1897, The Wenborne-Sumner Company, Printers and Bookmakers, 61-69 Carroll St., Buffalo, N. Y. tjs CITY CLERK'S OFFICE, City and County Hall, BUFFALO, N. Y. TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: I Hereby Certify, That at a Session of the Board of Aldermen of the City of Buffalo, held in the City and County Hall on the 1st day of February, A. D. 1397, a resolution ivas adopted, of which the following is a true copy : Alderman Srnither, from the Committee on Finance, reported as follows : Your Committee on Finance, to whom was referred, under date of January 11, communication from Mark S. Hubbell, City Clerk, asking for authority as to the number of copies of the City Manual to be issued for the year 1S97, respectfully recommend: That the number of said Manuals to be issued be deter- mined to be 10,000, of which number 1,000 to be bound in Morocco, and the remainder in the ordinary style of binding, as heretofore. Adopted. And that at a Session of the Board of Councilmen <>f the City of Buffalo, held in the City and County Hall, on the 3d day of February, A. D. 1807, the action of the Board of Aldermen in passing said resolution was duly concurred in. And I further certify that said resolution submitted to liis Honor, the Mayor of said City of Buffalo, by ivhom the same teas approved on the rth day of February, 1S97. ATTEST: MARK 8. HUBBELL, City Clerk. -Ltrzi BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 5 CITY HALL DIRECTORY. General Office Hours in All Municipal Offices, 8:30 a. m. to 4:30 p. m., fixed by ordinance. County Offices fixed by Heads of the Departments individually. FIRST FLOOR. Room 1 Board of Public Works. 2 City Treasurer. 3 Comptroller. 4 City Clerk. 5 Park Commissioners. 6. Corouers aud ' ' Press' ' Headquarters. 7 Superintendent of Streets. 8 Sheriff. 9 County Clerk. 10 Surrogate. 11 County Treasurer. SECOND FLOOR. Room 12 Ma,y " 13 Chief Engineer " 14 Supreme Court,^.Part 3. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. CITY HALL DIRECTORY— Continued. SECOND FLOOR, Room 15 Assessors. 11 16 District Attorney. " 17 Grand Jury. " 18 Superior Court Chambers. " 10 Commissioner of Jurors. 20 County Judge. 11 21 County Court. " 22 Supreme Court, Part 1. " 23 Law Library. " 24. .Judges' Private Consulting Room. " 25 Supreme Court Chambers. 11 26 Supreme Court, Special Term. 27 Superior Court Records. THIRD FLOOR. Room 28 Board of Councilmen. " 29 Board of Aldermen. 30 Court Juries. 31 Corporation Counsel 32 Supreme Court, Equity Term. 33 Justices. " 34 Supreme Court, Part 2. 11 35 Supervisors. 86 .Clerk to Supervisors. 37 County Auditor. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. ANCIENT HISTORY OF BUFFALO. ONE HUNDRED YEARS ago the site of the City of Buffalo was a small trading post, or trappers' settlement. In 1795 one Baron La Rochefoucault Liancourt re- marked in memoirs of this, then primeval, region, that, ' ' at the post on Lake Erie there is a small collection of four or five houses. ' ' But the little settlement had a future. By the year 1800 the Holland Land Company had acquired much of the site of the present great city by purchase, and in preparing to lay it out in town and village lots, had christened it ' ' New Amsterdam, ' ' a name which mercifully fell from it like the cocoon from the moth, before its godfather, the late Joseph Ellicott, nicknamed "The Bay Window, ' ' was gathered to his fathers in a better and less divisible land. The surveys were completed in 1804, and the first lot, con- taining half an acre, was sold for $135. The young village throve, and was duly incor- porated April 2, 1813, and on December 30, the same year, was destroyed by British troops and their Indian allies, who crossed the river at Black Rock on their errand of THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. 2 BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 8 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. destruction. But two houses escaped the flames, and they served as a nucleus around which grew np a colony, which in 1832 was officially recognized as a city, and duly incor- porated. Thenceforward it had a healthy, but not a phenomenal growth, until about the year 1870, when it began to roll up cum- ulatively astonishing additions to its popula- tion, and to give evidence of becoming some day one of the greatest commercial and manufacturing cities in the civilized world. Thar expectation has already been realized. [ts growth between 1880 and 1890 was like compounding interest on money, and was in every way phenomenal, and the development has continued until to-day, when it is gener ally conceded that Buffalo affords the best field for speculative enterprises and for manu- facturing undertakings of any of the cities of its size in the world. The latter statement being particularly verified by the fact that Niagara Falls is now actually furnish- ing the motive power for the street rail- ways of Buffalo, will be at the service of all manufacturers within six months from March I, 1897, and will give Buffalo the best ami cheapest power in the world, unobtainable anywhere else on earth. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. THE HANUAL OF 1896. ONE of the greatest military geniuses of the world, on the burning sands of Egypt, exclaimed to his cohorts : ' ' Sol- diers, from yonder pyramids forty centuries look down upon you, ' ' and so it may be said of the Buffalo of to-day — that upon her progress, growth and achievement are fixed the eager eyes of the scientific and financial Genii of this world. It is one of the most rapidly grow- ing cities in the universe. It has swept to the front, in the procession of cities, with giant strides, from a place far in the rear, and through its enterprise has been achieved the greatest miracle of science — the subjection of the power of the Falls of Niagara to the uses of mankind, the story of which will be told later in these pages. When the Manual of 1896 was put forth it opened wider the eyes of those who received it to the great advantages of Buffalo. They THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 10 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. were claims which could not be ignored, and they shouldered their way to the front, in comparison with the claims of other cities to attention, like Titans striding through an army of pigmies, for they showed among other things that the lake tonnage of this city crowds closely that of Liverpool, and prove by actual figures that Buffalo is the fourth greatesl port of entry and clearance on the globe. The Manual of 1800 told the story of noble work accomplished, of splendid achieve- ments consummated, and of greater under- takings and expectations. Tli is Manual of 1897 tells the story of how those expectations were realized, and offers to thousands who are eagerly seeking such matter an opportunity to grasp, in condensed form, a succinct story of development. Whenever great deeds are accomplished there arc those who snarl thereat ; envy, like death, loves a shining mark, and at the heels of the mastiff of progress snarl ever the yelp- ing kennels of disappointed ambition and baffled hope. Empires are like states, states THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 11 like cities, cities like villages, and villages like individuals ; because the empire, the state, the city and the village are ruled by coteries of personalities, reproducing their own like- nesses and mirroring their own vices, as well as their virtues ; so cities, falling behind in the procession of progress are like envious singers even in church choirs, who, while chanting hosaimas to the Almighty, deprecate the abilities of their betters. Strange that prosperity, the fruit of en- deavor, incited by honorable ambition, should breed, instead of emulation, envy and abuse ! From Rochester and Cleveland newspapers came vituperation, and from Detroit silence, while greater cities, cast in more splendid molds and governed by more noble minds, through their newspapers, hailed the growth of the greatest inland lake city in the United States, next to Chicago, with acclama- tion and praise ; and from the Golden Gate of San Francisco came those generous plaudits from the Examiner and Chronicle of that city THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. PUFFA'.O, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 12 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. which are born only in municipalities and individuals from an assurance of their own greatness. Philadelphia, New York, Balti- more, St. Louis, all paid generous tribute to the facts set forth in the book in question, and so Buffalo, having secured the approval of the great, can well afford to smilingly pursue the tenor of its way to that position of proud pre-eminence foretold by Nikola Tesla on an occasion to be referred to later on, which shall stamp it as the greatest inland city in fche world. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. EDGAR B. JEWETT, Mayor. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 15 THE BUFFALO OF TO=DAY Being a Chapter upon Municipal Themes, and Narrating briefly the Accomplishment of Great Achievements. ,*0 UFFALO is already the greatest railroad JrtJ center in the United States, and in- cludes more trackage than New York, Chicago or St. Louis. Twenty-six great railroad corporations operate their roads through Buffalo; and 200 or more passenger trains enter and leave the city every day. Every mile of trackage is a crystallization, into iron and steel, of human faith, for men do not spend money heedlessly, nor do soulless corporations lay tracks without having duly measured and estimated the returns from their investment. Buffalo had 660 miles of railway trackage in actual operation in 1896, and the two years which have passed have added many miles to that great aggregate, an accurate statement of which is rather the work of the statistician than the generalize!*. The railroads own THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFfALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 16 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. nearly 4,000 acres of land within the city limits, and man}' of them have Buffalo as their terminal point, connecting here with trunk lines for the West or East. It is here that the ore, mined in the region about Lake Superior and in the western country, passes on its way to the foundries and smelting works ; and the coal products of Pennsylvania, west ward] hound, pass the western cargoes going Easr. Buffalo is an exchange point for more trades and traffic than any other city in the world, and it may be stated as a demonstrable tact that its average yearly business in live s(oek alone amounts to over 7,600,000 head; and it is estimated that 7,360,000 net tons of coal come to Buffalo as an exchange and distributing point every year. It may thus be justly regarded as a central and head- quarters point for the coal, the lumber, live stoci and railroad interests of the country. It is the largest sheep and horse market in tin- world. RAPID INTER-URBAN TRANSIT. There arc L60 miles of street railway in the City of Buffalo, and it has been promised that 80 miles more, opening new territory, will be built this year by a "new" company. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 17 The Buffalo Railway Company, which operates all Buffalo surface railways except the Niagara Falls line, which runs over its tracks m the city limits, is composed of capital- ists in Buffalo, Philadelphia, New York and other leading cities, whose names are them- selves potent factors in the world of finance. This company operates about 550 cars, em- ploys between 1,800 and 2,000 men, paying, it is said, as high wages as are paid street railway employes anywhere in the country. There is not now a single street car drawn by horses within the 42 square miles of Buffalo. The most perfect transfer system in the world is used here. A single fare of five cents is charged, carrying with it the privilege of transferring in any one continuous direction, over any number of lines, a privilege which may be, and often is taken advantage of, so that a passenger with five cents can travel between ten and twelve miles, from one city line to the other. Cars are heated by electric- ity, represent a safe and satisfactory average of rapid transit, run on most lines all nignt, and on all lines at very frequent intervals. Accidents are infrequent, and the front of every car is equipped with a life-saving device, consisting of an iron frame, filled in THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 18 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. with rope netting, which has already many times demonstrated its usefulness. The father of the Buffalo street railway system Mas Stephen Van Rensselaer Watson. and the family name of that public spirited and esteemed citizen has become synonymous with excellence in street railroad circles. The roads, when they were re-organized by the present syndicate, some years ago, recognized this by electing Henry M. Watson, formerly of Gov. Cornell's staff, and a prominent and energetic Bnffalonian, to a position of high trust in its management. To his rare execu- tive ability and to his wisdom' in the choice of his subordinates is due the thanks of the com- munity for the excellent service it now enjoys. He spared no expense in importing from other cities capable assistants who could be depend- ed upon to carry out his ideas, and the results of bis superior management are abundantly manifest The gross earnings of the Buffalo Railway Co., for the quarter ending December 8, L896, ^is reported by the Company, were 1887,900; net earnings, xi70,702; other in- come, |6,000; tixed charges, |108,024; nel i n come, $f>8, 677 ; same quarter of las! year, nel income, 178,806. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 19 The percentage paid the city, last year, on the company's gross receipts was $45,013.74, as against $39,013.07 in 1895. This company carried in 1890, 53,303,789 passengers as against 44,904,009 in 1895, and this remarkable showing of transportation afforded is made more remarkable by the fact that there are at least 50, 000, and by many competent judges estimated 00,000, bicycles in the City of Buffalo, of which probably two-thirds are used as practical vehicles of transportation from the homes of the owners to their offices during at least eight months of the year, thus seriously cutting into the business and income of the street railway companies. A new company, christened tne Buffalo Traction Company, and promising "competi- tion, ' ' obtained a franchise from the Common Council in 1890, and under this franchise it is expected some 30 miles of track will be laid this year. TO NIAGARA FALLS BY TROLLEY. Two years ago, the Buffalo & Niagara Falls Electric Railway sprang into existence, backed by large capital in the control of able and far- seeing business men. They built a throughly ballasted railroad, capable of carrying on its THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 20 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. rails any steam railroad train, from Buffalo to Niagara Falls, and despite the prophecies of those who believed the enterprise would not pay, this excellent line, summer and winter, is operated at a big margin of profit. Its oars are arranged like the steam railway ooaches, haying observation and smoking apartments, and are heated and lighted by electricity. A trip to the Falls, over this line, gives the traveler an idea of the territory lying between here and the great cataract, and the manifest destiny of all this tract of land is to, one day, form a continuous built-up city connecting Buffalo and Niagara Falls. It has been justly alleged of Buffalo that its eminence as a manufacturing city is assured, and it has already been called with much reasonable analogy "The Manchester of the New World, " but the original Manchester has no such bright future ahead of it as its name- sake. The latter, already one of the greatest industrial cities of the country, manufactures among other important commercial products, mammoth steel and iron steamships, marine boilers and engines, locomotives, Wagner palace cars, agricultural implements, milling machinery, flour, wall paper, iron bridge work, cast iron pipe, brick, lithographic THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 21 work, soap, starch, printing ink, patent medi- cines, fertilizers, illuminating and lubricating oils, and has scale works, smelting works and foundries among its industries. WORKING FOR UNCLE SAM. A case in point : When the national govern- ment wanted steel barbettes made for its splendid cruisers, it had to come to Buffalo as the only city in the country possessing engi- neering facilities to supply its wants. These are but a few Buffalo industries incidentally mentioned, out of the many. All the sunny grain sheaves of the prairie, all the shining pyrites of the mines, all the varied products of the Northwest, grow and are developed, garnered, mined or harvested to some day find their way to this city, either here to be converted to the uses of mankind, to pass through here to the eastern markets, or hence to find their way by ship-board to Europe. The destiny of at least some out of every herd of cattle in every "round-up" by western cowboys is to pass through Buffalo on the hoof or in refrigerator cars as merchantable commodities. A writer in the New York Tribune stated two years ago, reviewing the situation, that he saw no reason why Buffalo, with its tremendous natural advantages and THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 22 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. resources, should not one day be the metropolis of America. And what mammoth strides haw been made since then. And what still niorc splendid prophecies as to her future have since been made by lips almost inspired and by men who weigh with careful exactitude the conse- quences of each word they utter. And while the railroads and steamboats have, almost literally, on the pilots of their engines and the prows of their great steel propellers, pushed Buff alo up to greatness, they have at the same time made null the prophecy of the croakers, who, with eyes turned con- stantly upon the past, averred that railroad development meant death to the Lake and Canal carrying trade: the Lake interests grew greater and the amounts invested in floating property more enormous. The dawn of 1896 saw the launching of Leviathans of Bteel, rivalling in tonnage capacity, in size and beauty, the "gray-hounds" of the Beas; and in line with the State improvement of the Erie (anal to meet an increased volume of com- merce, the federal authorities have awakened to tlif tact that this is a city the development of which is not to be arrested and whose demands for public expenditure arc based upon the soundest public polity. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 2o A FOUR-MILLION DOLLAR BREAKWATER. Ill January, 1896, the Congressional Com- mittee on Rivers and Harbors, listened for nearly two hours to arguments made before its members by a large delegation of Buffaloni- ans, and finally reported to the Congress of the United States a bill, recommending the expenditure, in this city, for the improve- ment of its breakwater facilities, upon the continuous contract plan, of $4,000,000, in money. The contract for this work has now been signed, and with the breaking of the winter the labors thereon will be at once be- gun and steadily prosecuted until completion. But this is slow work, to be accomplished in defiance of winds and angry waters, aiid time must pass before this end is reached. True, Grover Cleveland's last official act was to veto the appropriation bill providing for the completion of the new Post Office, and the harbor improvement of Buffalo, but a Repub- lican Congress will re-enact the bill and a Republican President will sign it, and the Post Office building will be finished and the har- bor improvements carried to completion. When that great public work is con- summated Buffalo will have one of the noblest and one of the largest harbors THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 24 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. in the world, and there will spring from this appropriation of Congress the in- ception of a splendid system of municipal dockage, plans for which have already been conceived and only await the opportunity to he put into active execution. From the old light-honse at the mouth of the inner harbor to a point four miles toward the south shore of Lake Erie, as the crow flics, is a noble stretch of water washing the beach, where Lake Erie curves to turn southward. This has been but partially protected by a mile and a quarter of breakwater, built by the United statrs gov- ernment some years ago and never perfectly completed. The system of breakwaters which the gov- ernment lias undertaken to construct, will consist of three substantial structures, echelon- ed one after the other and as in a procession, except that the ends of each, starting from the end of the present breakwater will overlap eaeli other, with a distance of hall' a mile be- tween each end. This will afford perfect protec- tion against the driving waves, allowing none of them to enter directly into the space en- closed, but at the Bame time giving the water from the Lake an easy flow into the harbor. From the shore, sheltered by these niam- THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138- CITY OF BUFFALO. 25 moth dikes, the docks of Buffalo, which may rival the famous docks of Liverpool, will be built, and in the space enclosed could be har- bored the navies of the world. THE LARGEST OFFICE BUILDING IN THE WORLD. A word in passing, concerning Ellicott Square. This superb structure occupies one of the largest blocks on Main street, extending through to Washington street, and bounded on the north by South Division street, and on the south by Swan street ; it is ten stories high, and contains 447, 000 square feet of floor space ; the decorations are in Italian marble, marble mosaic and ornamental iron ; the finish is quarter-sawed red oak. The building is heat- ed by the overhead steam system ; it contains 40 stores, 16 banking offices and counting rooms, and 600 offices ; it is 144 feet high, has 15 hy- draulic passenger elevators, of the Otis pattern ; its frame is of steel, weighing 5, 550 tons ; the exterior construction is of pressed brick and terra cotta, and the foundation of steel and concrete, extending 19 feet below grade. The cost of the site and building was about $3,350,000, and the first and second mortgage bonds thereon were bought by Kidder, Peabody & Co. , of Boston. As the offices are largely occupied by members of the legal profession, THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. a first -rate law library is one of the con- veniences in this great building. The tenants housed therein constitute a world in them- selves, and those working beneath its roof would easily equal the population of many a little city. It is interesting to note regard- ing this great structure, that, from the time the first pick was put on the roof of one of the old buildings, on Main street, prelimi- nary to clearing the ground for excavation, until the last finishing touch was added to the new building, was just one year. THE MIGHTY VOICE OF LABOR. It was stated before a Common Council Com- mittee, within a few weeks, by a leader of labor organizations and one who ought to know whereof he spoke, that 26,000 votes were cast in Buffalo, on Nov. 3, by members of labor organizations, showing that one-third of Buffalo's voting population belongs to the brawny hordes of honest toil, for 65,692 was the total number of votes cast, in i his city, on thai date. And while perfectly organised for self-protection, and. in instances, for aggres- sion, this great army of organized toilers has, .is ;i rule, had judicious leaders, who politely asked before fchey demanded, and who have usually, through considerate and conservative THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 27 efforts, secured fair play for their followers without trenching or imposing upon the rights of the employers. The few great strikes which Buffalo has had have been railroad strikes, incited from without and carried forward by the indefatigable efforts of non-resident "organizers," which is men- tioned to show that Buffalo's wage -workers are not of the class that strike and agitate willfully or habitually. WAGE-WORKERS OWN THEIR HOMES. And there is a reason for this, which lies in the fact that Buffalo, through the healthful influence of its savings and loan associations, movements which began here nearly a quar- ter of a century ago and have been growing ever since, is a city of homes ; and through these associations the workingman, by paying a very small amount per week, is enabled to purchase and finally totally acquire a roof over his head and a habitation for his family, which he can call his own. Strikes injure property interests, and property owners do not like strikes, for they increase taxation ; and the Buffalo workingman, owning his own home and being to that extend a landed pro- prietor opposes anything that will tend THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. in the direction of curtailing the opportunities of labor, disturbing the conditions of trade and increasing the amount to be raised by taxa- tion. WE AND OUR NEIGHBORS. It is but a question of a few months before Tonawanda will be a city ward, and take its rightful place as a section of Greater Buffalo. A bill is at this writing before the Legisla- ture to take into the city limits Buffalo's near neighbor on the north ; this will include Keninore, a prosperous little settlement just across the present city line and through which runs the brick-paved boulevard, 100 feet wide, which connects the city with the town. An- nexation will add to the population of Buffalo about 12,000 people, and will be the first ex- tension of the city limits accomplished in over 40 years. The result should be mutually satisfactory, and so far as the rate-payers in Tonawanda are concerned it will materially lighten their burden of taxation, while giving them tlie advantage of city life. Buffalo's tax rate is materially less than Tonawanda's per 1,000 of valuation. The beneiit to the townsmen of annexation is more easily demon- strable than the benefit to tlie citizens. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 29 But Buffalo and Tonawanda are already one except in name. A boy in the second-story window of the last house in Buffalo could send a projectile, which, aimed properly, would break a windowpane in the nearest house in Tonawanda. Taking their business together, these places constitute the largest lumber trade center in the world. BANKING CAPITAL LARGELY INCREASED. Eighteen banks of deposit and discount, five savings banks and two trust companies are doing business in Buffalo. The total capital represented amounts to $5, 550, 000 ; the total surplus and undivided profits is $4,251,570; and the total deposits aggregate $34,987,360, making the total resources $45,464,234. These figures were obtained from officers of the Buffalo Clearing House. They were compiled from the December, 1896, statement of 18 discount banks, and January, 1897, state- ment of two trust companies. The Clearing House was established on April 1, 1889, and during the time that has since elapsed there has been a marked increase in the number of banks, in the amount of re- sources and in the general banking business. When the Clearing House was established THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 30 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. there were but 13 banks in the city with ;i total capital of $3,050,000; surplus and un- divided profits $2,500,000; deposits $22,400, - 000; and total resources |28,550,000. During the year 1896 the Clearing House showed clearings amounting to .-s-jl'.i, lun.f.-O',, and balances of $88,635,899. NATURAL GAS FOR FUEL. Natural gas, since 1886, has been a standard article of fuel ; it averages favorably, for household use, with coal, in cost, and is an avoidance of dirt and an euormous saving of labor to the householders. There are over J 00 miles of pipe laid through the City, by which this modern convenience is conveyed. It is piped here from various points in Pennsyl- van and Panada, new wells being constantly added to the central supply, so that the pre- dicted exhaustion of this unequalled fuel will hardly come to pass in this day and genera- tion. LIBERAL PUBLIC POLICY. The municipal government is at all times a Liberal ona It fosters enterprise and en- courages the advent of a stranger. Its un- written policy has always been founded upon the lines indicated by the great statesman THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 31 who wrote : ' ' That governs best which governs least". No income is derived by the munici- pality from many lines of industry heavily taxed in other places. Unreasonable sump- tuary laws are not enforced by the police au- thorities, and such regulations alone are opera- tive as secure paternally the greatest good to the greatest number. THE CITY GOVERNMENT. The city works under a Revised Chart* r. which became a law in 1892. It was framed by a committee of citizens representing the best of Buffalo's business, social and political life. This model instrument provides for a Board of Aldermen, comprised of 25 repre- sentatives, one from each of the 25 wards (as the city grows and adds wards to its popula- tion each will be entitled to a representativ< to take his place in the Board). This body originates all legislation in the city govern- ment. All action taken thereby is inopera- tive unless approved by the Board of Council - men, made up of nine men elected on a general ticket. This body does not originate legisla- tion, but is distinctively a board of review, and above and beyond it stands the Chief Ex- ecutive, the Mayor. Matters passing both THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 32 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. boards and reaching him may be defeated at his hands by the interposition of a veto. This, however, may be over-ridden by 18 votes of the " Lower House, " or Board of Aldermen, and seven votes of the %l Upper house, " or Board of Couneilmen, when it be- comes operative, notwithstanding the oppo- sition of His Honor, the Mayor. The new Constitution of the State of New York, framed by the Constitution Convention of 1804, did away with the admixture of State, national and local polities, by SO amending the Charter of the city that municipal officers must be chosen at separate elections, and pro- viding for a two-year term of service of Alder- men after the inauguration of the new system so framed should have been completed. Under this it became necessary in L894 to elect all Aldermen for three-year terms; Aldermen elected in 1895 will serve two years, and an en- tirely new board will be elected in !*'.»?, taking Office on January 1, lSDX, to serve two years each. The Legislature amended the Charter so as to provide for the election <>t' three ( Jouncilmen in 1896 to serve tor tour years, and it was also enacted "that six Couneilmen shall be elected in L897, and they shall i » i « -« ■ t before the end of THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 33 the year, at a time and place to be designated by the Mayor, and determine by lot, two of their number to hold office for two years, and shall certify in writing to the City Clerk their determination. The term of office of the Councilmen elected in 1897, and so certified, shall be two years and the others shall be four years. ' ' At the annual election held in odd numbered years thereafter ''it is provided there shall be elected alternately five and four Councilmen for the term of four years, ' ' and the terms of other city officers also expire with the end of the odd-numbered years, successors to be elected the preceding- fall. And thus the machinery of the new consti- tution has been perfected and set in motion so that all city offices to become vacant will be filled by election in odd numbered years, no municipal election occurring hereafter at the same time as elections for State or other offices. CAREFUL CONTROL OF PUBLIC MONEY. The fiscal affairs of the city are governed and administered by a Comptroller and City Treasurer. No General Fund indebtedness, however, can be incurred without a two-thirds vote in both legislative bodies and the approval THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 34 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. of His Honor, the Mayor. Buffalo's munici- pal debt is small as compared with other cities, and its tax rate low in comparison with its assessed valuation. Facts and figures will be found tersely stated upon another page, showing in a brief and available form the advantages of Buffalo in these and other re- gards from many points of view. TEACHING THE YOUNG IDEA. Buffalo has a most efficient system of public instruction. It has GO public schools, which in- clude two high schools, one on the east, the other on the west side of the city, with a total enrollment for the year 1896 of 52, 157 pupils, an increase of 5,492 over the previous year, the largest increase ever recorded, an indication that the public schools are growing in favor and have the confidence of the community. Tin- number of children attending all other Bchools is 19,082, making a total school registration of 71, 239. The attendance at the Buffalo High School has increased from IJOO pupils in 1888 to -',000 in 1800. Through the grades of the grammar schools and the High School curriculum the child of the poorest parents may sue. -ess fully progress until he or she is in every way THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 35 equipped to enter the freshman class of any of the great universities of the country. Grad- uates from the Buffalo High school have suc- cessfully prosecuted courses at Heidelburg and Oxford, and found it easy to compete with pupils turned out as finished from any of the famous schools of the old world. Within the last few years, a better and more systematic course of training in civil govern- ment has been introduced into the schools. In the primary grades, without sacrifice of thoroughness in ' ' the three R's, ' ' preliminary instruction in literature and science is given to the children in attractive form, thus teach- ing them as early as possible to recognize the beautiful in literature and to know something at least of the living, growing world as it really is. The appointment of a woman three years ago to supervise the work done in the primary grades proved such a success that a man has recently been appointed to do similar work in the grammar grades. An improvement of method and a greater unity of purpose among the teachers is the result. MANUAL TRAINING AND SEWING. Among the recent improvements in the public schools is the introduction of manual THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 36 COMMON COMMON MANUAL. training. Two fully equipped manual train- ing rooms are in operation, one at No. 31, a representative east side school, and the other at No. 51 on the west side, tending to the same end but at a less cost. Sloyd or simple knife work 1ms been introduced into some other schools, and always with satisfactory re- sults. Sewing as a part of the regular school course is no longer an experiment, and Bowing classes have been organized in all the largest schools of the city under the instruction of four competent teachers. The city pay- in kindergartners, who work under the auspices of the free kindergarten association. With the co-operation of factory inspectors and the health department, more has been done fco break up truancy than ever before, Buffalo is to have its long talked of Truant School. An unoccupied school house on Dole Btreethas been fitted up and will he ready for use this year. This school for truants is needed to give backbone to the compulsory education system. Another school established under the city is the training school for teachers, which holds its sessions in public school No. 10. It has 40 pupils and two instructors. Miss Catherine Hurlburt, the principal, is a woman of large THF MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 37 and varied experience in the work of training young teachers ; for the betterment of the schools it is one of the most important move- ments in the recent educational history of the city. FREE SCHOOL BOOKS. The system of free school books was intro- duced into the Buffalo schools three years ago. Last year for the first time books were fur- nished to the night schools. The total cost of books for the school department for 1806 was $29, 689. 39. Of the books purchased 2, 637 were for the High school, and 59,857 for the other schools. There were in addition 50, 540 draw- ing and writing books, 8,000 musical readers, and 200 charts. The draft upon the free school book system was especially heavy this year be- cause of the enactment of the temperance in- struction law, thus making it obligatory on the city to provide the schools with physiol- ogies containing the requisite number of pages devoted to the effects of alcohol and narcotics. The estimated cost of the free school system book this coming year is $25,000. A table giving the cost per pupil of maintaining this system in different cities where it has been introduced indicates that it has been managed in Buffakfwith "unusual care and THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 38 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. economy. Yet pupils were never so well pro- vided with books. School authorities in many cities have asked explanation of Buff- alo's method of conducting the system. Sineo the introduction of the free school book system there has been a steady decrease in the cost per pupil, which was 66 cents in 18!K5 and '0-1, 68 cents in '04 and '05, and 57 cents in '95 and '96. A Board of School Examiners is a pari of the public school system, and candidates for teachers have to pass an examination before Ibis body of censors. Their work has boon highly satisfactory and the personnel of the Boards will be found elsewhere in these pages. a teachers' union. The Buffalo "Women Teachers' Association is the only body of teachers in the world that owns its own real estate. It is composed of i'»00 women teachers, who meet to discuss edu- cational work and methods with the aim of rendering better and more efficient work of tin- individual teacher. Two years ago this body of women accumulated $600, with which sum they made their first payment on the Chapter House, their present home. Today the prop- erty with its furnishings is valued at THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. o r, J < u X o H 5 t O J < fa fa D BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 41 $16,000, and the debt on it has been reduced to $0, 500, which the teachers are working hard to pay off. Any mention of the Women Teachers' Association would be incomplete without reference to the work of Dr. Ida C. Bender, who was instrumental in forming the association, and who has been its president for the past seven years. To her untiring efforts and enthusiasm much of the present success is due. THE PUBLIC HISTORICAL SOCIETY. During February, 1897, the Common Council of the city accepted an offer from the Buffalo Historical Society, for many years a promi- nent and valuable Buffalo institution, con- ducted and operated by private capital, to turn over its property, including rare collections of local and general interest, upon the city agreeing to pay $25,000 into the building fund of the society and secure for it a site in the Buffalo Park, near the main driveway and accessible by the Forest and Elmwood Avenue cars. This arrangement was consummated through the energy of Mr. Andrew Langdon, President of the Society, who took upon his own shoulders the raising of $35,000 to make up the deficiency of the sum total of THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 42 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. $100,000, which it is estimated the new building will cost. The plans shown provide for a noble, two story, stone structure, not un- like, in its general style of architecture, that of the Laflin Memorial Building in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Accommodations for the Park Patrol corps will be provided in the basement A NOBLE NEW PUBLIC BUILDING. The main floor will be sky-lighted from above, and comprise in its interior arrange ments a great hall, running the entire length of the building and extending to the roof, al- coves opening upon it from either side. An idea of the general value of the collections of this institution may be afforded from the statement that the accessions to its shelves during the past year include 398 volumes, 694 pamphlets, making a total library of 9,1-21 volumes and 7,879 pamphlets. The treasures of the society include the Dr. John C. Lord collection of relies and curios, the Adrian R. Root collection of war relics, Dr. Joseph C. Green's collection of 900 originals and casts of Egyptian, Syrian and Assyrian anti- quities, the Jonathan Scoville collection of Indian relics. Dr. Prank H. ( Jreen's collect ion of coins, medals and medallions. The news THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 43 paper collection is the most complete in the city and contains files from the beginning of the century- A practically useful compilation is the society's record of marriages and deaths from 1811 up to the time of the establish- ment of the bureau of vital statistics in 1878, as it is the only place in Buffalo where these old archives may be consulted. The society numbers 13 honorary members ; 135 life members, who have paid $50 each ; life membership was raised some time ago to $100. There are 300 resident members, who pay $5 yearly, and 125 corresponding members. All these questions of membership will be passed upon by the joint committee of members of the society and the city in the re-adjustment of its affairs. The collections of the Historical Society rank in value with the first in the country. During the past three years an average of 29,000 people have visited the so- ciety rooms. Every year a course of free lectures on local history and topics of the times is given under the auspices of the society. Millard Fillmore was its founder and first president. THE NEW CITY HALL AS PROPOSED. The city boasts the handsomest and best conducted City and County building in the THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 44 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. United States. It was first occupied in March, 1876, and was constructed "on honor," at a total cost of $1,400,000. The building is of granite, and is ornamented by a tower con- taining an illuminated electric clock, and at the comers thereof are four statues symboliz- ing factors in Buffalo's progress. The hall is three stories in height, with paved and vaulted basement, and in it are nearly all the City and County offices and Courts. The Common Council Chamber is very handsome and commodious. An Annex or Municipal Building was erected on Delaware Avenue, opposite the City Hall, during the year 1889, to accommodate the Municipal Court and other City departments, which, owing to the City's rapid growth and consequent need of greater accommodation for constantly expand- ing public business, had been forced to find lodgment elsewhere. Pending the carrying out of the plans for the permanent improvement and enlargement of the City Hall, some $35,000 has been appropriated by the city and County authori- ties for the building of four commodious rapid transit elevators, to replace the two old and inadequate cars now running, and ar- rangements are being made by the Trustees THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 45 for the building of two large dynamos to light the handsome building by electricity. The present City Hall is a model public edifice, and this is universally admitted by all who visit Buffalo ; it is a model not only in point of its unusual solidity and beauty and small original cost, but in the perfection of its maintenance. It is governed by a Board of Control, comprising six Commissioners and a superintendent ; to the Board, as the super- visory, and the superintendent, as the execu- tive, is due the fact that the City and County Hall in Buffalo lays just claim to being the best kept public building in the country. GRADE CROSSINGS ABOLISHED. The year 1896 was prolific in events, to the advantage of Buffalo and in the con- summation of many plans for its aggran- dizement. Not the least of these great tasks has been the work actually accomplished in the matter of abolishing all crossings at grade, which constituted, for years, the railroad Moloch, upon whose altars were sacrificed many valuable human lives. In the year 1888 the Grade Crossing Commission was created, by act of the Legislature, and Governor David B, Hill named the following to act as com- THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 46 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. missioners and to serve their fellow-citizens, without compensation : Robert B. Adam, William J, Morgan, George Sandrock, Charles A. Sweet, Edward H. Butler, John B. Weber, Frederick Kendall, Solomon Scheu, James E. Nunan. These gentlemen have served from the time of their appointment until the pres- ent day, with the exception of Solomon Scheu and James E. Nunan, deceased. In 1892, Section 1, of Chapter 345, of the laws of 1888, was amended by adding to the origi- nal Grade Crossing Commissions Augustus F. Scheu, James Ryan and Henry D. Kirkover, and this was approved by Governor Roswell P. Flower, April 20, 1892. Their work has been a long, tedious and unselfish one, involv- ing many struggles with powerful corpora- tions and much tedious labor of detail ; but the reward of the long years of toil is at hand, and during 1896 there were signed con- tracts with all the important railroad corpora- tions entering Buffalo, thus seeming safety to its citizens and insuring humanity, in the future, from slaughter at grade. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 47 PRACTICAL RESULTS ACCOMPLISHED. The Michigan-street viaduct, a noble work spanning the entire trackage of the New York Central and other railroads, at Michigan street — an artery of trade which connects the northern part of the city with the equally populous south side — was finished, as was also the lowering of the Central and other tracks below the level of Washington street, and the crossing of the Terrace, by subway. Other labors incident to the accomplishment of the work are being rapidly prosecuted. This via- duct alone cost $113, 327,41, and the total cost of the whole tremendous undertaking will ap- proximate $5,000,000. The compiler of this work is indebted to Col. George E. Mann, the capable engineer of the commission, for many of the details here presented. And speaking of railroads, it may be noted, incidentally, as sig- nificant of the confidence of railroad people in Buffalo's business prosperity, that following the example of the New York Central, the Lehigh Valley Railroad in 1896, put on a fast train between Buffalo and New York, known as the ' ' Black Diamond, ' ' which very nearly parallels, in point of time, the achieve- ments of the ' ' Empire State Express, ' ' the fastest regular passenger train operating on THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO, BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAl CITY IN THE WORLD. 48 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. any railroad in the world. The Erie Rail- road, also, has made an attempt to bid for the through passenger traffic, by shortening their time between this city and New York, and offering a better service. THE NEW FREE LIBRARY. Early in the present year a magnificent collection of books, pamphlets, etc., of the Young Men's Association, known as the Buffalo Library, was made free to every respectable citizen of Buffalo, enabling each to draw two books and to keep them out for a limited length of time, subject to the rules and regulations of the association. An act was drawn, submitted to the Com- mon Council, passed by both branches and approved by the Mayor, which has received the sanction of the Legislature, the signature of the Governor, and become a law. Henceforth, Buffalo will have one of the finest free-library systems in the country. for the Buffalo Library is noted, far and wide, for the excellence of its collections and tin 4 substantial comfort of its reading and study rooms. THE CHILDREN'S ROOM. One of the most attractive sj>ots in the building is that known as the children's THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 49 room, and its usefulness will be in the future much enhanced. The walls are bright with pictures and colored prints. At one end of the room is a bookcase filled with the litera- ture dear to children's hearts, who read with delight the story of "Jack and the Bean Stalk," "Hop O' My Thumb," and "Beauty and the Beast, ' ' while the one Brownie book is simply read into tatters, the price it has to pay for its popularity. The room was opened last July, and has proved a greater success than even its projectors hoped. It is of the children, for the children, and by the children. That they appreciate their privileges is demonstrated by the fact that the average daily attendance, between the hours of 2.45 and 6 p. m. , is 140. On Saturdays, when the hours are from 9 a, m. to 6 p. m. , the largest number recorded for any one day is 762. The room is in charge of Miss Hannah Fernald, who studied library work at Pratt Institute in preparation for her present position. She is devoted to the work, and in her daily con- tact with the children gains an influence for good over them. THE HOME OF THE BOOKS. The Library is housed in a home of its own built some years ago, opposite the Soldiers' THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 50 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Monument, and facing upon Washington street and Broadway. The architecture of this beautiful pile is unique, and built, as it was, for the purposes for which it is occupied, the building in every way fulfills public re- quirements. Heretofore, it was a public library only in the sense that admission to its rooms was free, as was the use, on its prem- ises, of books and periodicals. The Municipal Committee taking the initial steps in this matter, and under whose auspices it was carried through, was composed of the follow- ing members of the city government : Alder- men Maischoss, Boeckel, Smither, Summers and Kissinger, and Councilmen Klinck, Zipp, Ash, Utley and Keller, His Honor, Edgar B. Jewett, Mayor, and Mark S. Hub- bell, City Clerk. This valuable library contains 84,000 volumes, of which five thousand are in the German language. OTHER BUFFALO LIBRARIES. Besides the Buffalo Library, there is the Grosvenor, also occupying a home of its own, on the corner of Edward and Frank- lin streets, but this is contradistinct from the Buffalo Library because its collection are rather special than general in their character, and constitute more an admirable reference THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 51 library. Notable among collections main- tained by private associations are those of the Catholic Institute, on Main street ; the German Young Men's Association, housed in Music Hall ; Buffalo Historical Society, Buffalo Medical Library Association, Erie County Medical Society, Erie Railway Library Association, Guard of Honor, Harugari Library, Lutheran Young Men's Association, North Buffalo Catholic Association, St. Michael's Young Men's Sodality, Women's Educational and Industrial Union, Young Men's Catholic Association, and the Young Men's Christian Association. The National Educational Association, which convened in Buffalo last July, sur- passed in success any convention held before by that body. The admirable manner in which the 15,000 guests were housed and en- tertained was an undoubted factor in deciding the G. A. R. to hold its meeting here. § _ THE TEACHERS' RETIREMENT FUND. Buffalo has taken her place among the most progressive cities in securing the passage of an act creating a teachers' retirement fund for those who are worn out in the ser- vice. The Women Teachers' Association took THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 52 COMMON COMMON MANUAL. active part in urging the passage of this bill, and the fact that 1)00 teachers voted for it undoubtedly helped to push it through. Teachers give one per cent, of their salaries in support of this fund. The expenses of the N. E. A. convention were less than estimated, and after everything was paid it was voted to contribute this unused balance of $3,700 as a nucleus for this pension fund for teachers. WOMEN IN PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. The Women's Educational and Industrial Union owns its own building, with a hand- some public hall attached, on Niagara Square. It has existed for 12 years, and with each year enlarges its field of usefulness. It is a union of all classes and conditions of women, in which there is none so rich that she has no needs, and none so poor that she cannot serve another. The work of the Union is thoroughly practical, and last year it found employment for 776 women. Its domestic training department is proving what scientific methods can do to exalt household service. Classes have been formed for instruction in cooking, laundry work, dining-room work, and general housekeeping. There are many educational classes and entertainments in lit- erary subjects. The Union also does protective THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 53 and philanthropic work. It has 929 annual members, 25 sustaining nienibers, and 17 life members, making a total membership of 971. THE GREATEST GRAIN PORT. There are 37 grain elevators in the city of Buffalo. These have a total storage capacity of 17,000,000 bushels. There are in addition six transfer towers and eight floating eleva- tors, making a total of 53 elevating buildings, easily valued at $11,000,000. An idea of the present enormous transfer capacity may be gained from the fact that they are able to handle 5,000,000 bushels every 24 hours. The capacity of the enormous flouring mills of Buffalo is put at 9,000 barrels per day, and this they can easily exceed. The receipts of iron ore at this port last year were 443,073 net tons. The shipments of coal at this port last year amounted to 2,400,068 tons. UNITED STATES POST-OFFICE TESTIMONY. The sale of postage stamps for December, 1896, were the largest in the history of the office, amounting to $69, 266. 54. The sales of postage stamps for the corresponding month in 1895 aggregated $59,530.98, showing an in- crease of $9, 735. 56. The total stamp sales for THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLO. 54 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. the year 1896 were $712,363.13, which, com- pared with the sales for the year 1895, shows an increase of $40,554.11. THE SCHOOL OF PEDAGOGY. The University of Buffalo took an important step in advancing educational interests in this city when it established in 1895 the School of Pedagogy. There is a growing conviction that teaching no less than law and medicine is a science and should he treated as such. The school occupies the lecture rooms of the Buffalo Library. There are 150 students en- rolled, a large increase over last year. Among them are a good many school principals and teachers of long experience, others who wish to prepare themselves to teach, and still others who attend the lectures purely for the pleasure and benefit derived. One of the special features is the attention paid to psychology and child study. This department is supplied with apparatus for measuring the intellectual capacity of the child, ^o delicate is the instrument that it registers time to the 200th part of a second. Dr. Frank M. Mc- Mnrry is the principal of the School of Pedagogy. The other prof essors are : M. V, O'Shea, Rev. Herbnt Gardiner Lord, Dr. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 55 Woods Hutchinson, Dr. Ida C. Bender, Dr. James Wright Putnam, and Madam Natalie Mankell. The School of Pedagogy has at its disposal a thoroughly-equipped model school, where students have an opportunity to observe excellent teaching, as well as to place them- selves under the criticism of skilled in- structors. UNLIMITED WATER SUPPLY. The Water Department is a branch of the municipal government, entirely self-support- ing, and earning every year more than its ex- penditures on mains, etc., which it is con- stantly building, and reserving the rest for the extending of water facilities in the future. Thousands upon thousands of dollars are ex- pended by this department yearly in laying mains through the constantly -increasing list of new streets. In 1893 a reservoir was constructed on the so-called Dodge Farm, at Best and Jefferson streets, costing $406,000, and with a capacity of 125,000,000 gallons. In 1896 a new 30,000,000 gallon, triple ex- pansion, Hammond engine was constructed for the City by the Lake Erie Engineering Works ; and two new supply mains, one 36- THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 56 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. inch, in Utica street, and one 48-inch, in North street, were laid at an expense of $300, - 000. POLICE AND FIRE. Buffalo has the best police and tire depart- ments in the United States. There are 704 men in all in the police employ, and 44)3 con- stitute the total number of employes in the fire department. Both departments are governed by boards of commissioners of three ; of the former, the Mayor being, ex officio, a member. THE NEW OFFICE BUILDINGS. Buffalo is already famous for its rapid growth in new and elegant office buildings, many constructed with foreign capital, which goes to show that Buffalo is banked en bj shrewd and thinking men in all parts of the country, from New England and New York to Chicago and other moneyed centers of the West. And there is a lesson to be learned from the stories of its new buildings, which is that wher- ever progress constructs new buildings fortune sends tenants to occupy them; the tendency of the majority of mankind is toward betterment of their surroundings, and the croakers who THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 57 predicted that Buffalo was having an epidemic of office edifices, and that they would find no tenants, have seen every one of them nearly fully rented before the roofs were fairly trussed upon their walls. THE LESSON OF THE PAST. And the old buildings ! Like the sinking ships of the sailors' tradition, they are more or less tenantless, and sooner or later, im- pelled thereto by motives of personal ex- pediency, their owners will tear them down and replace them with new and modern structures, which will not fail to find their occupants, until finally the old rookeries shall have disappeared forever. This is an incident in the history of growth. Niagara power, the most marvelous natural agent ever chained to the treadmill of human industry, has been converted to the uses of mankind, and in another portion of this vol- ume will be found the franchise alluded to above, which was finally accepted by the Niagara Falls Power Company on the 14th day of January, 1896, by formal documents filed with the City Clerk. Buffalo, owing to its propinquity to the great Pennsylvania [coal fields, has always THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 58 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. been able to procure fuel for its manufacturers at prices much lower than less favored and more distant cities. Niagara power is under cod tract to be delivered for general use, within these city limits inside of six months, and already the street railways of the city use the Falls power exclusively. THE CHEAPEST POWER ON EARTH. With a fuel which must be supplied at much less than the cost of coal and the use. of which will necessarily dispense with the labor now necessary in handling, at individual fur- naces, the product of the mines, the output of Buffalo manufacturers should, in equal ratio with the decrease in the cost of its production, undersell, in the markets of the world, the goods made in any other city. So the great ta.sk of harnessing Niagara is an accomplished fact, and the Falls, unblemished in their beauty, still pre- sent their vision of majesty, being at the same time literally converted to the uses of mankind. This is a short story of the city, past and present, and, as was said of last year's Manual : "It is not a boom publication, neither is it an exaggeration. All facts are stated with ae- THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING PJINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 59 curacy, and aim at supplying in a small space as much information as can be used on a great subject. ' ' MARK S. HUBBELL. Buffalo, N. Y., March 18th, 1897. -7^ THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 60 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. BUFFALO IN BRIEF. Hotels, 48. Theaters, 10. Public flarkets, 5. Population, 389,138. Total square miles, 42. Sinking Fund, $541, 816. J 8. Largest flour depot in the world. Total paved streets, 324.11.") miles. Total acreage of City, 3.,, :?i:,, „,,,,. Total indebtedness, $12,779,210.66. Largest sheep market in the world. Largest horse market in the world. Natural gas for fuel purposes, unlimited. nanufactories, 3,000. Over 75,000 opera- tives. Parks, 942^ aeres. Park driveways. 19 miles. Buffalo is the fourth commercial city in the world. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 61 Under contract for 1897, 30 streets for asphalt. Number of Electric Lights, 2, 500 ; number of gas lamps, 5, 856. Buffalo is the largest city between New York and Chicago. Pavements; Relative cost per square yard : Asphalt, $2.50; brick, 2.40. Street Railway Percentage Revenue (Law now repealed), $45,613.73 per annum. Buffalo is the Second Largest City in the Empire State, Greater New York being first. Telephone Rates, $30 for 300 messages ; $50 for 500 messages, and $75 for 1,000 messages. Largest coal trestle in the world, owned by the D. L. & W. Railway. One mile in length. Financial institutions; Staple and plenti- ful. Available capital unlimited. Policy liberal. Water Department owned by City. Valu- ation, $13,000,000. Bonded Indebtedness, $3, 500, 000. Cheapest water rate in the United States. High-pressure service. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 62 COMMON COTO'CIL MANUAL. Electrical power from Niagara Falls now being used in Buffalo. (See franchise and contract elsewhere. ) Street Railways, 150 miles. More under course of construction. All operated and heated by electric -trolley system. The total receipts of Grain and Flaxseed, by lake, in 1896, were, in bushels, 172,476,664, or the largest amount known in the history of the city. Pavements, in miles. There are now laid of macadam, 1; stone, 117.598; stone resur- faced with asphalt, 1.806 ; brick, 4,765 ; asphalt, 197.629. More smooth pavements than Paris. Wasli- ington, London or any other city reported. In process of construction or ordered : As- phalt, 14.60 miles. Cost of electric light, §100.00 per lamp per year, or 80 cents per lamp per night for 865 nights, for public lamps on streets. No ' ' moonlight schedule. ' ' Water, unlimited and pure from Lake Erie, at head of Niagara River, outside of contamination line; capacity of pumping station 145,000,000 gallons per day. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 63 Street Railways : Percentage paid the city on gross earnings, under $1,500,000, two per cent. ; under $2, 000, 000, two and one-half per cent. , and over $2, 000, 000, three per cent. Buffalo bonds command higher prices in the market, and are more sought, than those of any other city. There has never been de- fault in payment of interest or principal on any Buffalo security. What Chief Cuthbertson (U. S. Weather Bureau) Says: " During the 16 days of hot weather, beginning August 1st, 1896, I took observations which showed that out of 18 large cities Buffalo was the coolest. U. S. Post Office Testimony. The sales of postage stamps for December, 1896, were $69, 266. 54, the largest in the history of the office. The total stamp sales for the year 1896 were $712,363.13, showing an increase over 1895 of $40,554.11. The Buffalo Hotel Company. There was incorporated at Albany, on December 2d, 1896, with a capital stock of $300,000, a com- pany, to build, in Buffalo, a handsome, new hotel. It is understood plans have been drawn and a site selected. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 64 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Butfalo Schools, 60. The new Masten Park high school will soon be completed, thus giving the city two fine buildings for high- school work. Sites for grammar schools have been purchased and new buildings will be erected as speedily as possible. The Pan-American Exposition will be held 011 Cayuga Island in 1899, and the exposition will occupy the entire island, funds for erect- ing the buildings on which will be raised by the sale of $5.00 bonds, entitling the holders to an ownership interest in the enterprise. Steam Railroad Trackage. The New York Sun is authority for the following : "( rreater New York will have within its limits 464 miles of car tracks ; Philadelphia has 400 miles ; St. Louis, 291 ; Baltimore, 256 ; San Francisco, 231; Chicago, 593, and Buffalo abonl 600." Steam railways, 26; 250 passenger trains per day. Over (500 miles of trackage in the city limits. In this respect Buffalo heads the procession, before Greater New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Baltimore and San Francisco, as computed by the "New fork Sun. ' ' Lowest Death Rate. Average 1896, 12.72 per 1,000 of population. Week ending January THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 65 11th, 1896, 9.60 per 1,000; corresponding week of 1895, 15.68 per 1,000. Death rate for Feb- ruary, 1896, 29 days, 10.61 per 1,000, as op- posed to February, 1895, when the rate was 15.58 per 1,000. Revenue from Licenses, etc. Department of Excise, $517,011.29; licenses issued by the Mayor, including those other than liquor licenses, as peddlers, pawnbrokers, theatrical, etc., $29,823.00. Total license receipts, all sources, for 1896, $546, 834. 29, or about 22 per cent, of the municipal revenue, or 15 per cent, of tax receipts. The Entries and Clearances at the port of Buffalo for 1896 were exceedingly large, in fact, they are the largest ever recorded here. The total number of entries during 1896 was 5,581, the tonnage being 5,617,494 tons. Total clearances foot up 5, 740, with a tonnage of 5,670,032 tons. A New Theater. There will be ready for use when the fall theatrical season opens, the beautiful, new place of amusement, being con- structed, at large expense, on the corner of Mohawk and Washington streets, by Louis H. Eckhert. The plans show a fire-proof structure, beautifully planned, and in the highest degree modern and convenient. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 66 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Valuation of Property. The increase in the total of assessed valuation of the real and personal property for the years 1897-8 is 14,520,945. The total valuation of all prop- erty in Buffalo ( assessors' estimate ) is 1*265,000,000, including property valued at $25,000,000, exempt from execution. Person- al property estimated $15,000,000. One Death from Sun-stroke. " The one man who died from sun-stroke, in Buffalo, during the deadly heated term of last year, when deaths, daily, from heat prostration were common in all other American cities, was Martin Hecker, brewery collector, who suc- cumbed August 6th. Buffalo is not a sun- stroke city. ' ' Dr. Wende, Health Commis- sioner. Grand Opera in Buffalo. Straws show which way the wind blows : Abbey, Sehocfiin & Grau brought the entire Metropolitan Opera House Company to Buffalo, in 1896, including Melba, Nordiea, the DeRetzskes, and others, for a three-nights season, ami scored a decided financial success. Buffalo is the only city as yet thus favored between New York and Chicago. An Expert's Opinion. Dr. Albert H. Gihon, of tin 1 United States Navy, says: "Buffalo is THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 67 always in the lead in sanitary matters. The other cities are forced to follow. In many ways Buffalo has little to do, for in some lines she is nearly perfect. The arrangements and methods are invariably the best, and I no longer wondered at the low death rate when I saw how your city takes care of the Buffalo health. ' ' The Seventy-fourth Regiment Armory. The State of New York is under pledge to ex- pend $400, 000 in the erection of an armory for the Seventy-fourth Regiment, upon Niagara street, on the site occupied by the old reser- voir, and conditionally donated to the State for this purpose. This building is now actually in course of contraction, and will be one of the handsomest buildings of this kind in the country. Cool and Comfortable. The Brocton Mir- ror says : ' 'Buffalo is classed as one of the large cities of the country, and, while people were dropping down dead from heat in the streets of almost every other large city in the country, the mortality in the Bison City was little if any greater than in country -districts while the torrid wave lasted. People living along the lower shores of Lake Erie have much to be thankful for. ' ' THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 68 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. A $10,000,000 Harbor Improvement Com = pany. A bill was introduced into the Legis- lature, Feb. 25, by Assemblyman Schneider to incorporate "The South Buffalo Harbor Improvement and Ship Canal Co. , to define its rights, etc. ' ' It is understood this com- pany proposes to build ship canals, acquire river and harbor frontages, and in other ways demonstrate the confidence of its shareholders in the wisdom of Buffalo investments. Cost of gas, 17 cents per lamp per month, to light, extinguish, clean and keep in repair. Street lamps to be lighted and kept lighted for an aggregate of not less than 3, 951^ hours in each year. Pro-rata reduction to be made for such hours as any of said lamps are shown to have been not lighted. Requirements of street gas lamps, four feet of gas per hour. Average required equal to 18 candles per light. Rates of gas to private consumers, fl.00 per 1,000 feet net. To pave a street in Buffalo it is necessary that a petition be presented to the Common Council, asking that it be paved with the material desired, which petition must be certified by the Assessors as containing the signatures of a majority of the resident prop- erty owners, representing at least two-fifths THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 69 of the frontage ; if it is desired to pave as a sanitary measure, petitions not being obtain- able, this may be done by order of the Common Council on a two- thirds vote. The "Senator." A new, all-steel boat, of channel construction, built by the Detroit Dry Dock Company and launched July 25th, 189G, will bring grain to Buffalo. She is one of the largest ships ever launched on fresh waters, being 424 feet long, 45 feet six inches beam and 28 feet wide ; her tonnage is 4, 048 gross, 3, 178 net. She is divided by five water- tight, steel bulkheads, thus enabling her to either carry a grain or a general cargo. She has a capacity of 278,000 bushels of oats. Asphalt by Whom Laid. Since 1882 streets have been paved by the various companies with smooth pavement as follows : By the A. L. Barber Asphalt Paving Company (Trinidad Lake asphalt), 193.79 miles, comprising 247 streets or parts of streets. The German Rock Asphalt & Cement Co. (also laying Barber asphalt), 36.77 miles. The Standard Paving Co., laying Kentucky bituminous rock, 17 miles — a total of 247.56 miles of smooth pave- ment, which includes some private streets used, but not dedicated to the city. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. The Federal Post Office. Foundations have been laid and work is being prosecuted upon the superstructure of one of the hand- somest post-office buildings in the United States, now being erected by the Federal Government, and which will occupy the entire block bounded by Ellicott, Oak, Swan and South Division streets. This noble structure will cost 12,000,000, and, although work prosecuted by the National Government is usually slow at arriving at completion, it is fair to believe that by 1903 Buffalo may boast of one of the most handsome government buildings in the country. A 3,ooo,ooo=Bushel AlUSteel Elevator. The Northern Steamship Company has se- cured a site on the City Ship Canal, opposite the foot of Ganson Street, and bids have been lot for the construction of the largest grain elevator, but one, in the United States. D. A. Robinson, of Chicago, will have charge of the work of construction. The excavating for the foundations was begun on Feb. 2(>th, 1897. This structure will be 395 feet long, 120 feet wide and 100 feet high. It will be the first steel structure of the kind in the United Statrs; its construction will call for 7,000 tons of material ; its cosl will be $400,000, and the THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 71 building will be steel from bottom up, and even the bins will be lined with that material. What Dundee Says. A writer in The Dundee (Scotland) Advertiser, of December 1st, 1896, who had evidently been to Buffalo, said : ' ' The ports at the head of the lakes may ship more grain than Buffalo, but Buffalo handles it twice over. Most of the trunk lines from New York find it necessary to run their own fleets of steamers on the lakes. Outside of Washington, there is no city in the United States to compare with Buffalo in residential charms, combined with plain comfort ; and the most modern system of transportation combines the lake and rail routes, and Buffalo has become their point of union. In this re- spect it has unique advantages, raising it above all other lake ports beyond reach of rivalry. ' ' The London Times, in November last, treating of Niagara power said : ' ' The Thun- derer knows a good thing when it sees it. It is safe to predict that it is only a question of time, and no very great time, when all the industries in Buffalo requiring power will re- ceive it from Niagara Falls, and that the 22 miles separating the two cities will be built solid with smokeless and teeming factories, THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 72 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. and that this region will become the greatest manufacturing center on the American conti- nent. Thus another imperishable laurel is added to the Victorian era. ' ' During the past year there were built nearly a score of large steel vessels, involving the in- vestment of over $3,000,000, capable to meet the demands of the carrying trade between Buffalo and the Upper Lakes ; they have a capacity of transporting 1,400,000 tons of iron ore, from the Upper Lake ports to the East, via Buffalo, during a season. Markets self-sustaining. The increment from the markets of the City of Buffalo ex- ceeds the cost of operating the same, and has shown a revenue, during the past two years, of $1,000 per month. ate- THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO MAS A PROVEN POPULATfON OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. A STUDY IN ENUriERATION. The statement below will answer many questions propounded through the mails, concerning Buffalo's population, past and present. Since 1820, the National Government has taken, every ten years, a census which showed as results, regarding Buffalo, the fol- lowing figures : 1820 2,095 39th city in the United States. 1830 8,668 23d " " " 1840 18,213 18th " " " 1850 42,261 13th " " " 1860 81,129 10th " " " 1870 117,714 11th " " " 1880 155,134 14th " " " 1890 255,664 11th " " " These are the National censuses taken since Buffalo became a city, in every decade, and there has been a vast accretion to the growth of the city, since the last National enumera- tion. A State census, taken in 1892, made Buf- falo's population, in round numbers, 284,000. A Police census, taken by the City in May, 1895, gave the figures as 335,709, and this was THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 74 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. in the latter part of May, when vast numbers of persons claiming Buffalo as their residence, and actually residing here eight months out of the twelve, had left the city upon business which keeps them absent during the summer months. A May census is no just criterion of the population of such a city as Buffalo, the maritime interests of which keep thousands of its population absent from the city during much of the season of navigation. It is here shown the population of Buffalo far exceeds the 375,000 inhabitants, by some last year believed to be an over-sanguine estimate. The City Directory, published in 1896, con- tained 109,750 names, which for that year, cal- culating with a multiple of three and one- half, the usual factor in such cases, gives a quotient for 1896, of 884,125. Now, New York city, with an enormous floating population, and a eoneededly large population of unattached persons — those without families — according to the Times of that city, uses the number five as the multiple, which, of course, in the case of Buf- falo, would swell OUT population marly 'Jo0,000 more; but three and one-half is the accepted multiple. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 75 Another way at arriving at the population is by finding the accurate multiple to be used in connection with the total number of per- sons registered at the last Presidential elec- tion, which, in Buffalo, was 65, 692. Using the multiple six gives a quotient of 394,152, which — taking into account the fact that Buffalo's foreign-born and still unnaturalized population is probably larger than that of any other city in the Union, proportionate to its size, as shown by the fact that thousands of aliens, every year, swing into line and become voters — is a most conservative multiple to use, since seven and six are quite com- monly employed in this connection. The concensus of all which calculations make it entirely reasonable to state that the conservative estimate of Buffalo's popu- lation — the population of a city essentially of homes — lies somewhere between the result of the directory estimate and the result of the registration estimate, a mean between which extremes makes the grand total 889, 138. Other factors are collateral and corroborative of these calculations. The testimony of the post office, the story of the directory, the cal- culation on the registration lists, all point to the conclusion that Buffalo's population has THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. 4 BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 76 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. always beeu under, rather than overstated, for it is learned from the United States Postal authorities that, while Buffalo has 170 regular letter carriers — and more have been asked for — its next nearest competitors, Detroit and Cleveland, have a lesser number, the wants of the former city being supplied by 146 car- riers, and of the latter by 161 carriers. These calculations are based upon plain and convinc- ing figures, without any attempt to be any- thing but fair in the matter, and to arrive at as near an approximation to the truth as possible, which places this subject upon a plane beyond cavil and where everybody can make their own calculations and reach the same results. And it should be remembered in considering the directory estimates that the multiple three and one-half is used upon the directory of 1896, and it is fair to assume that that of 1897 will add some thousands of names to the total of 1896. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889.138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 77 THE GIANT "NIAGARA. The Mighty Cataract Subjugated to the Uses of Man- kind—The Birth of the Power Spirit. Iii 1886, public -spirited citizens of Buffalo offered a reward of $100,000 in cash to that master genius who should devise practicable plans for "harnessing" Niagara. That re- ward found no claimant, and for years the subject lay quiescent, but the seed sown by that offer fell on fertile ground, and set to work that veritable mammoth of the ages, the scientific human brain, and as a result, in the year 1890, a company was formed, known as the Niagara Falls Power Company, headed by such masters of finance as D. O. Mills, Francis Lynde Stetson, Edward D. Adams, Edward A. Wickes, William B. Bankine and John Jacob Astor. The idea of the men who offered the $100, - 000 contemplated the use of the power of the Niagara torrent at or close to the gates of Buffalo ; but this company went further afield and conceived the tremendous project of chain- ing to commerce the Niagara Cataract. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO, BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 78 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. FORGING THE FETTERS There loomed before the promulgators of this bold enterprise the difficulty, not only of the actual utilizing of the cataract, but, further, and more commanding in its apparent impossi- bility, the problem of transmitting, once har- nessed, that marvelous energy, without so great an expense as to make the use of it im- practicable to manufacturers, and without so great a loss of energy in its transmission as to render the power delivered at the other end of the line of insignificant proportions ; but all these obstacles were overcome — how, is a matter of history — and on the 16th day of November, 1896, a little group of interested persons and citizens, who had been invited to be present, were gathered at midnight in the great Power House of the Buffalo Railway Company, on Niagara street, waiting for the little finger of the giant power of Niagara to be placed on a piece of ingenious electrical mechanism in the City of Buffalo and to bid it revolve — the impulse came — and thus Buffalo and Niagara Falls were wedded. Those who were in the power house when the current was turned on and the first volt received were : George Urban, Jr., president of the Cataract Power & Conduit Company ; Charles K. Hunt- THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OP BUFFALO. 79 ley, general manager of the same company ; Mayor Jewett ; Spencer S. Kingsley, president of the Buffalo Real Estate Exchange ; Henry M. Watson, president of the Buffalo Railway Company, and half a dozen others. HOW THE POWER WAS FIRST RECEIVED. The story of the accomplished achievement was told in these graphic terms in the columns of a newspaper the next day : ' ' Then the coil in one of the big black machines began to turn. It started with steady, easy revolutions. A splutter of sparks, blue and white and yellow, flashed from it. There was a scratching sound, like sandpaper scraping hard wood. Then came a heavy buzz. Faster and faster whirled the coil. The buzz thickened into a rushing roar. The vision blurred in following the circling coil and the big machine seemed to be motion- less, so fast did the converter work. Not a tremble, not a quiver, only a great roaring black mass, with the center rushing round and round in a wild whirl. The watchers gazed in silence for a moment. Then they began to applaud. Then they laughed de- lightedly and shook hands. Outside a cannon boomed. Its explosion sounded like a mere THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 80 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. tapping of the heel on a carpeted floor to those inside the power house. Londer buzzed the big converter. The alternating ammeter showed 200 volts at the end of 45 seconds. In two minutes, the indicator had passed 350 volts and was trembling on toward 400. In just four minutes and 30 seconds, it touched 550 volts. The watchers moved back to talk it over. The Niagara power was in Buffalo at last." THE HARVEST OF PERSISTENT ENDEAVOR. At the moment when the first premonitory thrill was felt in the transmitter at Buffalo, and the first appulse given to the dynamo in the street railway company's power house, the union of Buffalo and Niagara Falls was completed, and a miracle of science was ac- complished. To send a few words, by an electric current, under three thousand miles of ocean was a great deed in its day, but to transmit the tremendous forces of Niagara over 27 miles of upland and lowland, to turn the wheels of industry in Buffalo, was more marvelous still. J[For years, the mightiest geniuses of the electrical world had centered their attention nponJ-heJNiagara "problem, and scientists of THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 81 all nations had sought as eagerly for the answer to the riddle as did ever the alchemists of old to transmute the baser metals into gold, and most of them had sought in vain — but not all. THE WIZARD, TESLA. A gaunt, young seer, with dark and brood- ing eyes, first saw through the mist and doubts of the future, the truth shining forth serene and clear : This was Nikola Tesla, He had predicted, years before, that the transmission of power from the Niagara Cataract to Buffalo was as certain as the rising of the sun next morning, and his confidence in the future of this section of country was absolute from the moment when the possibility of practical electrical trans- mission became clear in his mind. He became identified with the men interested in the power project and worked for many months on his idea, Later when his dream was nearly realized, in a newspaper inter- view, July 20, 1896, he said: "This power plant is one of the wonders of this century, it is a marvel in its completeness and in its superiority of construction. When it shall be in full operation the results in many ways will be wonderful, will be surpris- THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 82 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. ing to those who have doubted that such things could be accomplished. In its entirety, in connection with Buffalo and the possibili- ties of the future, the plant and the prospect of future development in electrical science, are my ideals. They are what I have long anticipated and have labored in an insignifi- cant way to contribute toward bringing about, and this wonderful development of electric power will make Buffalo the greatest city in the world, if I mistake not. The possibilities are unknown and unlimited. Buffalo must in time reap advantages from this wonderful development of power, which none of us dare guess, and which even the most far- seeing cannot anticipate. The first effects naturally will be to the advantage of the Falls. But Buffalo will be the greatest reaper of benefits. The result of this great develop- ment of electric power will be that the two cities will reach out their arms and will join each other and become one grand muni- cipality. United they will form the greatest city in the world. ' ' THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 83 AN ELECTRIC BANQUET. The Unique Dinner at the Ellicott Club in Buffalo which Celebrated the Advent of Niagara Power. Ou January 12, 1897, summoned by invita- tion of the Cataract Power & Conduit Com- pany, there gathered in the banquet hall of the Ellicott Club, in Buffalo — a banquet hall unequaled in beauty and spaciousness in the country, and occupying a commanding posi- tion on the top floor of the largest office build- ing in the world — from all points in the United States, men learned in science and distinguished in letters, already signalized by their brilliant deeds and daring enterprise, to banquet with the Power Company, in cele- bration of the great event before described. Covers were laid for 350 guests, and there were no vacant chairs. The banquet was the blossom of prophecy, and the banqueters hailed, by their presence, the inauguration of a new era for Buffalo, The Age of Electricity. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 84 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. DISTINGUISHED GUESTS. At this banquet, George Urban, Jr. , Charles R. Huntley and William B. Rankine, allot the Niagara Falls Power Company, did the honors ; and there were seated at the guest table with them Francis Lynde Stetson, of New York, representing the interest in the power enter- prise of millions of metropolitan capital ; Nikola Tesla, the electrical wizard of the world ; Charles F. Brush, father of the Brush Electric Light system ; Frank Sprague, inven- tor of the electric trolley ; Elihu Thompson, of Lynn, Mass. ; William Stanley, of Pittsburg, one of the first believers in the alternating current, and an inventor of no mean ability ; T. Cummerford Martin, editor of the Electric Engineer of New York city, and many others of equal distinction. LOCAL ELECTRIC PIONEERS. It may be said, while on the subject of electricity, although not entirely germain to the power subject, that James Adams may, practically, be called the father of practical electricity in Buffalo, and with Daniel O'Day and John M. Brinker, was the first investor of substantial capital in the business of electric lighting in this city. Of these three, Mr. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 85 O'Day's name stands forth pre-eminent as the generous and farsighted investor of large amounts in electric-light and Standard-Oil en- terprises, and one of the master stockholders in the Niagara Falls Power Company. It is regretable that space forbids more ex- tended excerpts from speeches made on that memorable occasion ; suffice it to say, however, that the concensus of opinion there expressed was to the effect that Buffalo stands upon the threshold of conquest and is destined to un- equaled precedence in the procession of cities. At that banquet of giants the arch-wizard, Tesla, said, among other things : HIS DREAM CAME TRUE. ' ' In the great enterprise at Niagara we see not only a bold engineering and commercial feat, but far more, a giant stride in the right direction, as indicated both by exact science and philanthropy. Its success is a signal for the utilization of water powers all over the world, and its influence upon industrial de- velopment is incalculable. This fortunate city herself is to be congratulated. With re- sources so unequaled, with commercial facil- ities and advantages such as few cities in the world possess, and with the enthusiasm and progressive spirit of its citizens, it is sure to THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 86 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. become one of the greatest industrial centers of the globe. ' ' And it should be remembered that this man, Tesla, was the one electrical genius of the world who insisted, against the stress of the opinions of others, then more famous, that electrical power generated at Niagara Falls could, through the alternating current, be transmitted for manufacturing purposes to Buffalo, with so small a loss of energy as to make it salable in this city at a lower price than power generated by steam, and earn a substantial increment to its projectors. II THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 87 AflOUNTS PAID FOR LICENSES. The Low Rates Imposed on Those Doing Business Under Buffalo City Ordinances. Auctioneers, $50 per year. Butchers, $15 per year. Billposters, $50 per year. Fish Dealers, $10 per year. Junk Dealers — Wholesale, $25 per year. With horse, $3 per year. On foot , $1 per year. Pawnbrokers, $250 per year. Billiard or pool tables and bowling alleys, $5 per year, each. Peddlers, $2 to $4 per month. Plumbers, $10 per year. Shows, theatres, $50 per year. Music Playing on street, $2 per month. Vault cleaners, $50 per year. Collectors of Dead Animals, $50 per year. Wagons — Team, $5 per year. One horse, $1 per year. Hack and Carriage, $5 per year. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 88 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. SUGGESTIVE FIGURES ABOUT BUFFALO. From the date of its incorporation until 1870 the Buffalo censuses, taken together, on an average, showed a growth of 20,000 every 10 years, or 2,000 a year. From 1880 to 1890 the population increased from 154,546 to 254,457, or 10,000 a year, and then the race-horse period of growth began. The following table estimates the phenom- enal accretions of later years in rather under than over the correct figures of increase. i89o to 1801, increase ... 20,000 Total 274,457 i89i to 1892, increase 20,000 Total 294,457 1892 to 1893, increase... 20,000 Total 314.457 1893 to 1894, increase... 20,000 Total 334.457 1894 to 1895, increase... 20,000 Total 354.457 1895 to 1896, increase .. . 20,000 Total 374.457 1896 to 1897, increase same ratio 394.457 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 89 Taking the calculation based on a multipli- cation of the number of persons registered at the last election by the multiple six, the result is 393, 522, which came pretty close to demon- strating the accuracy of the above table. These are round-number figures, and un- doubtedly understate the facts. Growth is cumulative. So that it may be stated as a conservative estimate that at the present rate of increase this city will have a popula- tion of over half a million inhabitants by 1900, and probably before. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD 90 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. CENSUS PROOFS IN BLACK AND WHITE. By Decades : Average 10 years' growth, 1832 to 1880= 20,000 per decade. 1880 to 1890, 10 years' growth, 10,000 a year=100,000. By Years: Average years' growth, between 1832 and 1880—2,000. One year's growth, 1896 to 1897=20.000. The rate of growth in any single year since 1890 is hence seen to eqnal that achieved in any of the decades prior to 1880, and 1896 is estimated to have added at least 30,000 to the population, although the figures in the table of growth modestly put it at the old rat*' at 20,000— making the total result as Btated, 394,457. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 01 FKOfl THE WATCH TOWERS OF SCIENCE. Facts, Figures and Statements Proving Buffalo One of the Healthiest Cities in the World. Buffalo has a perfectly -equipped Health De- partment, which is fast becoming a model by which other cities delight to pattern, and with good reason, for its work has borne fruit in a most startling and gratifying manner. Just where the limits of possibilities end, in respect to the results accomplished by the De- partment of Health of Buffalo, is difficult to conjecture. It was believed in 1895 that the death rate had reached its minimum, when it stood lower than that of any other city of its size in the world ; but the year 1896 established a still more favorable standard. It is the aim of the Department to retain Buffalo perma- nently in the front rank in this respect, and if vigilance and progressiveness count, then this object will be accomplished. A brief study of the figures, as taken from the summaries of the Bureau of Vital Statis- tics, will furnish an interesting object lesson : THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 92 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Rate per 1,000 Year. No. of Deaths. Population. 1891 6,001 23.48 1892 5,69? 19.98 1893 5,711 19.03 1894 5,280 16.76 1895 4,684 13.95 1896 4,452 12.72 Although the population of Buffalo in- creased over 100,000 since 1891, yet there has been steady decrease both in the number of deaths and the rate. The former is shown in the following table : Decrease in deaths over 1891 1,549 " 1892 1.245 " 1893 1,259 " 1894 828 " 1895 232 It has long been observed, that the greatest proportionate mortality occurred in children under five years of age, and great efforts have therefore been directed towards lessening the mortality during that period of life. After passing the age of childhood, a Buffalonian's chances for longevity are good. In the past year a great reduction took place in the death rate of infants. Much of this can be attributed to measures adopted by this department. Circulars giving valuable information on the care of infants are sent to the mothers THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OP 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 93 on the threshold of each summer, instructing them as to means of prevention of summer deseases of infants, and vigorous inspections, reaching to its source, are constantly made of the milk supply, and both producers and dealers are kept under strict supervision. Consumption in adults and diphtheria in children have long been important factors in the causation of deaths in this and other northern cities ; hence it was but natural that extraordinary efforts should be made in this direction. About two years ago an order was issued by this department requiring physicians to report all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis which came under their care. Circulars pertaining to the mode of infection, comparative isolation and care of patients are sent to those mostly inter- ested, and other means adopted to lessen, as much as possible, the progress of this disease. Although this may, to a certain extent, be a system of education, yet it in no way con- flicts with the prerogatives of the attending physician. It is gratifying to learn that the City of New York has just adopted similar measures. Although in such a large city we are never entirely without diphtheria, yet the prevail - THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 94 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. ing system enforced by the department has kept its progress so well in check that it has never been necessary to close up a school on this account. The early diagnosis afforded by the bacteriological examinations has given physicians great advantage in successfully combating this malady, and the results are apparent. During the year 1896 there were 8,414 births and 2,525 marriages. Other channels and methods through which this desirable result is sought for may be re- ferred to in emphasizing their import, viz. : the strict enforcement of judicious sanitary ordinances, particularly relating to plumbing and drainage, general sanitary supervision of milk and food supplies, thorough inspection of cattle and markets, etc. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. JACOB KISSINGER, President of the Board of Aldermen LEGISLATIVE . . BRANCHES OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT FOR 1897. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 99 MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF ALDER- MEN. Jacob Kissinger, President. FIRST WARD. JOHN J. COUGHLIN.— Elected Novembers, 1895. Plurality 4. Business, No. 335 Gansou Street. Residence, No. 335 Ganson Street. Telephone, none. SECOND WARD. JOHN P. SULLIVAN.— Elected November 6, 1894. Plurality 547. Business, No. 119 Chicago Street. Residence, No. 12 Ham- burg Street. Telephone, ' ' Seneca 1032. ' ' THIRD WARD. JOSEPH BUTLER.— Elected November 6, 1894. Plurality 85. Business, No. 204 Seneca Street. Residence same. Tele- phone, none. FOURTH WARD. JOHN WALSH.— Elected November 6, 1894. Plurality 358. Residence No. 213 Van Rensselaer Street. Business 95 Franklin Street. Telephone, "Seneca 916. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 100 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. FIFTH WARD. WILLIAM SUMMERS. —Elected November 6, 1894. Plurality 213. Business, No. 20 Washington Market. Residence, No. 1207 Seneca Street. Telephone, "Hamburg 44-1. ' ' SIXTH WARD. CHARLES KIEFER.— Elected November (5, 1894. Plurality 108. Business, No. 208 Ellicott Street, Residence, 474 Oak Street. Telephone, "Seneca 1235. " SEVENTH WARD. EDWARD J. G. SCHAEFER.— Elected November 5, 1895. Plurality 130. Business, No. 108 Ellicott Street. Residence, No. 04 Walnut Street, Telephone, ' ' Seneca 1080. ' ' EIGHTH WARD. ADAM DURR.— Elected November 5, 1895. Plurality 338. Business, No. 270 Jefferson Street. Residence same. Telephone, none. NINTH WARD. JOHNO. G. ROBERT.— Elected November 5, 1895. Plurality 382. Business, No. 191 Sherman Street. Residence, same. Tele- phone, ' ' Howard 53. ' ' TENTH WARD. ADAM BOECKEL.— Elected November 6, THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,133. CITY OF BUFFALO. 101 1894 Plurality 373. Business, No. 685 Clinton Street. Residence, same. Tele- phone, "Howard 216." ELEVENTH WARD. JAMES SMITH.— Elected November 5, 1895. Plurality 220. Business, Stock Yards. Residence, No. 30 Cassy Street. Tele- phone, "Howard 280." TWELFTH WARD. SAMUEL CALDWELL.— Elected November 5, 1895. Plurality 527. Business, No. 338 Pine Street. Residence, same. Tele- phone, none. THIRTEENTH WARD. JOHN KICK.— Elected November 6, 1894. Plurality 544. Business, No. 475 Adams Street. Residence, same. Telephone, none. FOURTEENTH WARD. CHARLES P. WOLTZ.— Elected November 5, 1895. Plurality 388. Business, No. 1125 Genesee Street. Residence, same. Telephone, ' ' Howard 383 A. ' ' FIFTEENTH WARD. JACOB KISSINGER.— Elected November 5, 1895. Plurality 224. Business, No. 12 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 102 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Washington Market. Residence, No. 581 Oak Street Telephone, "Seneca 1142. " SIXTEENTH WARD. FREDERICK A. MENGE.— Elected Novem- ber 6, 1894. Plurality 440. Business, No. 480 Genesee Street. Residence, same. Telephone, ' ' Howard 200. ' ' SEVENTEENTH WARD. FREDERICK W. M. HEERWAGEN.— Elect- ed November 5, 1895. Plurality 1,031. Residence, No. 286 Glemvood Avenue. Telephone, none. EIGHTEENTH WARD. GEORGE ZOELLER.— Elected November 5, 1895. Plurality 172. Residence, No. 767 Glenwood Avenue. Telephone, none. NINETEENTH WARD. JOHN J. KENNEDY.— Elected November 6, 1894. Plurality 335. Business, corner West Eagle and Pearl Streets. Residence, No. 320 Front Avenue. Telephone, "Seneca 581." TWENTIETH WARD. JAMES FRANKLIN.— Elected November 6, 1894. Plurality 842. Business, No. 329 Niagara Street, Residence, No. 222 Pros- pect Avenue. Telephone, ' ' Tupper 56. ' ' THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 103 TWENTY=FIRST WARD. FRANK MAISCHOSS.— Elected November 5, 1895. Plurality 995. Business, No. 57 Chicago Street. Residence, No. 64 Day's Park. Telephone, ' ' Seneca 1455. ' ' TWENTY=SECOND WARD. CLIFFORD S. A. COE.— Elected November 5, 1895. Plurality 80.2. Business, No. 95 Franklin Street room No. 1. Residence, No. 706 Prospect Avenue. Telephone « ' Seneca 916. ' ' TWENTY=THIRD WARD. JOSEPH C. VELING.— Elected November 6, 1894. Plurality 1,134. Residence, No. 169 Eighteenth Street. Telephone, Engine House No. 17, " Seneca 040. " TWENTY=FOURTH WARD. ROBERT K. SMITHER.— Elected November 5, 1895. Plurality 1,792. Business, No. 588 Niagara Street and No. 279 Bryant Street. Residence, No. 450 Elmwood Ave- nue. Telephone, "Tupper 241 -A and 241- D. " TWENTY-FIFTH WARD. WILLIAM H. BRADISH.— Elected Novem- ber 0, 1894. Plurality 020. Business, No. 209 Real Estate Exchange. Telephone 1 ' Seneca 153. " Residence, No. 162 Dear- born Street. Telephone, ' ' Amherst 12. " THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLp IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 104 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. STANDING COnniTTEES OF THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN. FOR 1897. Finance — Smither, Franklin, Bradish, Sum- mers, Walsh. Ordinances— Kissinger, Smither, Boeckel, Bradish, Coe, Summers, Kiefer. Schools — Boeckel, Maischoss, Robert, Coe, Schaefer, Menge, Kiefer. Streets — Franklin, Coe, Boeckel, Maischoss, Kick, Caldwell, Summers. SEWERS— Woltz, Schaefer, lleerwagen, Vel- ing, Zoeller, Smith, Walsh. Fjre— Menge, Bradish, Coughlin, Walsh, Butler. Bridges— Coughlin, Caldwell, Woltz, Ken nedy, Kiefer. Water— Kick, Schaefer, Franklin, lleerwagen, Smith. Public Buildings— Schaefer, Veling, Menge, Walsh, Butler. CLAIMS— riaiscflOSS, Smither, Woltz, Bradish, Summers. IHE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. l05 Poor— Zoeller, Robert, Durr, Woltz, Kiefer. Side and Crosswalks — Veling, Coughlin, Zoeller, Sullivan, Smith. Lamps— Heerwagen, Caldwell, Kick, Cough- lin, Kennedy. Taxes and Assessments— Brad ish, Durr, Woltz, Butler, Sullivan. Police— Caldwell, Franklin, Zoeller, Robert, Kennedy. Sanitary Measures— Menge, Franklin, Mais- choss, Kiefer, Kennedy. Wharves and Harbors — Coe, Boeckel, Coughlin, Kennedy, Sullivan. Public Grounds— Robert, Heerwagen, Vel- ing, Durr, Smith. Markets— flaischoss, Schaefer, Boeckel, Heer- wagen, Sullivan. Licenses— Durr, Veling, Zoeller, Butler, Walsh. Investigating— Smither, Robert, Caldwell, Summers, Smith. Fourth of July— Bradish, Kick, Menge, Coe, Butler. Rules— Durr, Smither, Kick, Sullivan and the President. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO, BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 106 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. COMMITTEE MEETINGS. Regular meetings of the Committees of the Board of Aldermen are scheduled for Thursday nights at 7. 30, subject to change by the chair- men. Meetings are announced before adjourn- ment in the Board of Aldermen each Monday. The announcements are to be found in the official paper each Tuesday at the end of the minutes of the Council proceedings. 4H THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 107 ORDER OF BUSINESS OP THE BOARD OF ALDERHEN. 1. Reading, correcting and approving the journal of the last session. 2. Communications from the Mayor. 3. Reports and communications from Cor- poration officers. jComptroller. /Treasurer. Corporation Counsel. ^-Department of Public Works. ^Department of Health. Superintendent of Education. Overseer of the Poor. Assessors. City Clerk. Fire Commissioners, .^department of Police. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 108 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Police Justice. Miscellaneous Communications. 4. Petitions, Remonstrances and Accounts. 5. Motions, Resolutions and Notices. 6. Reports of Standing Committes. 7. Reports of Special Committees. 8. Committee of the Whole. 9. Unfinished Business. 10. Announcement of Committee Meetings. 11. Adjournment. *m THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. CHRISTIAN KLINCK, President of the Board of Councilmen. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. Ill riEflBERS OF THE BOARD OF COUNCIL^ MEN. CHRISTIAN KLINCK, President — Term expires, January 1, 1898. Vote received, 28,913. Business, No. 101 East Market Street. Telephone, " Seneca 391," Pack- ing House Telephone, ' ' Seneca 391 A. ' ' Residence, No. 144 Swan Street. Tele- phone, "Seneca 306." JAMES N. ADAM.— Term expires January 1, 1900. Vote received, 24,753. Business, No. 389 Main Street. Residence, No. 60 Oakland Place. Telephone, "Seneca 649" and « ' Bryant 360. ' ' JAMES ASH.— Term expires January 1, 1898. Vote received, 29,270. Business, corner Niagara Street and West Avenue. Resi- dence, No. 291 Porter Avenue. Telephones, ' ' Amherst 27-A. ' ' and ' ' Amherst 27-D. ' ' MICHAEL J. BYRNE.— Term expires January 1, 1898. Vote received, 27,679. Business, No. 44 Builders' Exchange. Residence, No. 394 Fargo Avenue. Tele- phone, ' ' Seneca 137. ' ' THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. 5 BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 112 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. A. FRANK GORSKI. —Term expires January 1, 1898. Vote received, 27,019. Business, No. 126 Townsend Street. Residence, same. Telephone, ' ' Howard 258. ' ' ANDREW J. KELLER.— Term expires January 1, 1898. Vote received, 30,750. Business, No. 757 Seneca Street. Resi- dence same. Telephone, "Howard 108." HENRY C. STEUL.— Term expires January 1, 1898. Vote received, 30,657. Business, No. 278 Johnson Street. Residence, No. 561 East Utica Street. Telephone, "Howard 175-Q. " CHARLES H. UTLEY.— Term expires January 1, 1900. Vote received, 34,044. Business, No. 82 Pearl Street. Residence. No. 263 Summer Street. Telephones, ' ' Seneca 327 ' ' and Bryant 181. " HENRY ZIPP.— Term expires January 1, 1900. Vote received, 23,766. Business, No. 575 Exchange Street, Residence, No. 100 Walnut Street, Telephone, "Howard 187." THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. -»► N.» m k \= K lT H f C r>f- i i J> -, *> st= □ » CHARLES P. WOLTZ, President of the Common Counci BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 121 THE flAYORS OF BUFFALO. From 1832 to the Present Time— A Roster of Distinguished Names. 1832 — Ebenezer Johnson. 1833 — Major A. Adams. 1834 — Ebenezer Johnson. 1835— Hiram Pratt. 1836— Samuel Wilkeson. 1837— Josiah Trowbridge, M. D.* 1838— Ebenezer Walden. 1839— Hiram Pratt, 1840— Sheldon Thompson.** 1841 — Isaac R. Harrington. 1842— George W. Clinton. 1843— Joseph G. Hasten. 1844— William Ketchnm. 1845 — Joseph G. Masten. 1846— Solomon G. Haven. 1847— Elbridge G. Spanlding. 1848— Orlando Allen. 1849— Hiram Barton. ♦Resigned December 22, 1837, and Pierre A. Baker elected. **By Chapter 21, Laws 1840, Mayors of cities were made elective by the people, and Sheldon Thompson was the first one chosen for Buffalo. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 122 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. 1850— Henry K. Smith. 1851 — James Wadsworth. 1852 — Hiram Barton. $1853-55— Eli Cook. 1856-57— Frederick P. Stevens. 1858-59— Timothy T. Lockwood. 1860-61— Franklin A. Alberger. 1862-65— William G. Fargo. 1866-67— Chandler J. Wells. 1868-69— William F. Rogers. 1870-73— Alexander Brush. 1874-76— Louis P. Dayton. 1S75-77— Philip Becker. 1878-79— Solomon Scheu. 1880-81— Alexander Brush. 1882— Grover Cleveland.* [883— John B. Manning. 1884-85— Jonathan Scoville. 1886-89— Philip Becker. 1890-94— Charles F. Bishop. 1895-96-97— Edgar B. Jewett. ♦Resigned, November 20, 1882, having been elected i Jovernor of the State at the general election in November, 1882; Marcus M. Drake was appointed by the Common Council, Mayor, to fill the vacancy until a Mayor should be elected by the people; and the Coiiiinou Council ordered a 8] lal election for that purpose, to be held January 9, 1888. On December 82, 1888, Mr. Drake re- signed, to take effect December 89, 1888, and the Common Council elected Harmon S. Cutting, Mayor, to till the vacancy thus occasioned. At the special election, held .January 9, 1888, John B. Manning was elected Mayor for the unexpired term of Mayor Cleveland. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. MARK SIBLEY HUBBELL, City Clerk, 189495-96-97. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 125 THE CITY CLERKS OF BUFFALO. Men Who Have Served the Jlunicipality in This Capacity Since Its Incorporation. 1832— Dyre Tillinghast. 1833-34— Elijah J. Roberts. 1835— Thoodotus Burwell. 1836— Elbridge G. Spanieling. 1837-39— Theodore C. Peters. 1840— Squire S. Case. 1841-44— John T. Lacy. 1845 — Joseph Stringham. 1846— M. Cadwallader. 1847-49— Jesse Walker. 1850 — Horatio Seymour, Jr. 1851— William L. G. Smith. 1852-55 — Roswell L. Burrows. 1856-58— William H. Albro. 1859-60— Charles S. Macomber. 1861— Otis F. Presbry. 1862-66— Charles S. Macomber. 1867— J. D. Hoyt Chamberlain. 1868— Charles S. Macomber. 1869-70— George S. Wardwell. 1871— Thomas R. Clinton. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 126 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. 1872-74— Walter C. Winship. 1875-76— Rensselaer D. Ford. 1877— Francis F. Fargo. 1878-80— William P. Burns. 1881— Francis F. Fargo. 1882-85— William P. Burns. 1886-89— William E. Delaney. 1890-93— Charles R. Marshall. 1894-95-96-97— Mark S. HubbelL THE MOST CEN1RAI SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OP BUFFALO. 127 MAYORS and CLERKS OF OTHER CITIES FOR 1897. City. Mayor. City Clerk. Baltimore Alcarus Hooper Chas. G. Leonard. Binghamton . . . Geo. E. Green Burr W. Mosher. Boston Josiah Quincy Brooklyn Frederick Wurster Joseph Benjamin. Charleston I Adger Smyth W. W. Simons. Chicago Geo. B. Swift J. R. B. Van Cleave. Cincinnati John A. Caldwell Edwin Henderson. Cleveland Robert E. McKisson . . .Howard H. Burgess Denver Thos. S. McMurray — Denny H. Allen. Detroit W. C. May bury John A. Schmid. Grand Rapids.. Lathrop C. Stow Frank D. Warren. Hartford Miles B. Preston Henry F. Smith. Indianapolis... Thos. Tagger t C. H. Stuckmeyer. Kansas City. . .James M. Jones Chas. S. Curry. Lincoln Frank A. Graham John W. Bo wen . Memphis W. L. Clapp J. F. Walker. Milwaukee W. G Rauschenberger.Wm. E. Anderson. Minneapolis. .. Robert Pratt L. A. Lydiard. ( Sec'y to Board of Nashville Wm. McCarthy ■{ Public Works, (F. E. Kuhn. Newark. James M. Seymour Louis J. Wendell. New Orleans... Walter H. Flower ^w York W m . L. Strong \ S^™^ Olean N. V. Van Franchot. . .Geo. H. Mayer. Omaha W. J. Broatch Beecher Higby. Oswego Fred D. Wheeler. Philadelphia. . . Chas. F. Warrick None. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 128 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. City. Mayor. City Clerk. Pittsburg Henry P. Ford Edward J. Martin. Portland Sylvester Pennoyer.. ..A. N. Gamhell. Providence Edwin D. McGuinness..Wm. E. Clarke. Richmond Richard M. Taylor Benj. T. August. Rochester Geo. E. Warner Theodore S. Pulver. St - L ™ Cyrus P. Walbridge. . j StyKsl'r. San Francisco.. James D. Phelan Wm. P. Sullivan, Jr. St. Paul Frank B. Doran Mathias Jensen. Syracuse James K. McQuire M. Z. Haven. Toledo Guy G. Major Lem. P. Harris. Washington.... The Commissioners of the District of Columbia— John W. Ross, President, George Truesdell, Major Charles F. Powell, Corps of Engineers, United States Army ; Secretary, William Tindall. Worcester . . .Aug. B. R. Sprague... .E. i\. Towne. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 129 A CHAPTER ON ASPHALT.— "Barber," 11 Standard" and Other. Over 200 Miles of Smooth Pavement and What It has Done for Buffalo. Buffalo is the best paved city in the world. It has over 200 miles of asphalt, or more than Paris and London put together. Smooth pave- ments in Buffalo are no longer an experiment. They have been tried here, and some are in a good state of preservation which have stood the wear of continuous traffic for over 18 years. The fewer interstices there are in a street sur- face, the fewer angles there will be where disease germs may lodge ; the smoother and more even the surface, the more readily it may be kept clean ; the nearer a city comes to achieving greatness with the least wear upon the nerves of its citizens, the more stable will be its growth and more comfortable its inhabitants. The Barber Asphalt Paving Company has laid, altogether, 3,003,188 square yards in Buffalo ; The German Rock Company has laid THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 130 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. G50,000 square yards of Barber asphalt ; and the Standard Paving Company, organized in 1896, 4,791 square yards of Bituminous Rock, and 11,762 square yards of Trinidad, making a total asphalt surface in Buffalo of 3,669,741 square yards, many times more than the smooth pavements laid in any other city in the world, and these figures added to those representing asphalted streets payed by private capital bring the total far above the 200 limit in miles. Paving work in Buffalo is done by majority petition of property owners, whose preference in regard to material desired is always specified ; but the Board of Public Works advertise for bids for all material for which specific ations are on file in its office. That asphalt pavement in Buffalo has proven an unqualified success is shown by the fact that Bryant street and Linwood Avenue, which were paved by the Barber Asphalt Paving Com- pany in 1882, are still in excellent condition, having required very little repairs in the in- terim ; Front avenue, North Pearl and Utica streets follow in 1 ss:j, and Ferry street — an ex- cellent piece of work — in 1884. North Pearl street, paved in INS."), between Virginia and Al- len streets, is as smooth as a billiard table and has bad few, if any repairs. And between THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 131 1882, when the first pavement was laid, and 1896, over 100 streets were paved by this com- pany, including Main street, Whitney place, Richmond avenue, Porter avenue and North street ; in fact, all the more prominent resi- dence and business thoroughfares of the city. The lesson of experience was well learned by this Company, for in some of the earlier pavement laid a tendency to roll, by the top dressing, was discovered, which was obviated later by the placing of what is known as a "binder" between the cement on the founda- tion and the asphalt surface. This "binder, ' ' made of bitumen, tar and other compounds, compactly welds the whole together, forming a coherent and solid mass, which has with- stood the severest usage. It has been well said that the steam and street railways and the as- phalt pavements have done more than any other two agencies toward the development of that Greater Buffalo, which is now an ac- complished fact. Asphalt pavement, as shown by this city's experience, is clean, durable, noiseless, and is fairly to be classified as one of the reasons why the records in Buffalo's Bureau of Vital Statistics prove that, while the city's popula- tion figures have been climbing upward with THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 132 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. giant strides, in inverse ratio those represent- ing its death rate have gone down. This is because Buffalo is the best paved city, has the best sewerage system in the world, and because the purest water on the globe flows by in a resistless current, which is tapped by the water system of the city at a point far be- yond the reach of possible contamination. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 133 THE LARGEST HORSE MARKET. Buffalo Leads the World in This Direction, and the Stock Farms of Erie County are World Famous. Craudall & Co., of East Buffalo, who are among the largest horse dealers in the country, contribute this statement for the Manual : 11 There is probably no one branch of busi- ness in the City of Buffalo that has grown to such vast proportions, in so short a time, as the Buffalo Horse Market. Ten years ago there was no market in the City of Buffalo for horses, except in a small retail way. The business now runs into millions annually, and the several firms doing business in East Buffalo handle over 40,000 a year. In the last two years a large export trade has been done, foreign dealers sending their buyers here to remain permanently, making ship- ments of from two to eight car loads per week. 1 'Horses are received and sold here, from all the Western States and Territories and from Canada, being one of the best distributing THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 134 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. poiuts in the United States, and the day is not far distant when Buffalo will be the principal horse market in America, as all grades and classes of horses are handled here." The year 1896, despite the competing in- terest of the bicycle and the nse of electricity by street-railway systems, has been the great- est year in the experience of Buffalo as a horse market. The increase, during the past seven years, climbed steadily, each year showing a growth of 100 per cent, on an average over its predecessor, until now, at home or abroad, when a large purchase of horseflesh is con- templated, Buffalo is sought for as the best market in which the necessary choice may be secured. Besides this, Erie county, of which Buffalo is the county seat, lias more money invested in high-class horses than any other section of its Bize in this country; its stock farms arc famous the world over, and their output have achieved fame in many trotting contests. Within its boundaries are the famous Jewett and Hamlin farms, ami others which have bred first-class trotting stock. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 135 LOCATION OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND REGISTRATION AT EACH. Regis- No. Situation. Ward, tration. High school, Court, corner Franklin 20 2, 040 1 — Seventh street, near Hudson 20 827 2 — Terrace, near Genesee 19 385 3 — Perry, near Illinois 1 709 4 — Elk, near Louisiana 2 1,079 5 — Seneca, corner Hydraulic 4 909 6—249 South Division street .... 3 913 7 — Bailey avenue, corner Clinton 11 650 8 — Utica, corner Hasten 17 1,246 9 — Bailey avenue, near Doat. ... 18 959 10 — Delaware, between Mohawk and Huron 20 757 11— Elm, near Clinton 6 676 12 — Spruce, near Broadway 12 690 13 — Oak, near Sycamore 6 652 14 — Franklin, between Edward and Tupper 21 451 15 — Oak, corner Burton 15 1,082 16 — Delaware, near Bryant 24 921 17 — Main, corner Delavan 24 1,032 18 — School street, near Fargo ave 22 1,013 19 — West avenue, corner Delavan 22 1,294 20— Amherst, comer East 25 847 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH" COMMERCIAL CI f Y IN 1HE WORLl). 136 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Regis- No. Situation. Ward, tration. 21 — Hertel avenue, near Delaware 25 59 22 — Main, near Erie Junction Ry. Crossing 25 1 62 23— Delavan, beyond Avenue "A" 18 221 24— Best, near Fillmore 18 2,531 25 — Lewis, near William 11 551 26 — Milton, near Seneca 5 957 27 — Cazenovia, near Seneca 5 283 28 — Abbott road, corner Triangle 5 360 29 — White's Corners road, near Marilla 5 89 30 — Hamburgh Turnpike, near Gan- son 2 335 31— Emslie, near William 9 3,150 82— Cedar, near Clinton 7 1,258 33— Elk, near Smith 5 898 84 — Hamburgh, near Sandusky. ... 2 687 35 — East Swan, near Spring 3 859 86 — Cottage, corner Norris 21 549 37— Comer Carlton and Orange . . 16 1,4 J 9 38— Vermont and Hodge 23 1,008 89— High, near Jefferson 18 1,868 40— Oneida street, cor. Fillmore. . 10 879 41 — Broadway, corner Spring .... 12 1,048 42 — Corner Military road and Clay street 25 575 43— Lovejoy and Gold 11 997 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 137 No. Situation. Ward, tration. 44 — Broadway, near Peck 11 2,042 45 — Auburn avenue and Baynes . 24 1,234 46 — Junction Edward and Virginia 21 466 47 — Hickory, near Sycamore 12 727 48— Edna Place, near Masten 17 849 49— Fargo, corner Vermont 23 799 School of Practice, Jersey, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth. 23 397 50 — Eagle, near Madison 8 788 51— Hertel avenue and Gurnsey . . 25 850 52— Barry Place 24 1,127 53— Driving Park 18 1,020 54— Parkside 25 480 55— Guilford street 14 1,552 56— Elmwood avenue 24 375 Kensington School, Richlawn and Shawnee avenues . . . . 25 76 Total ~~ 52,157 NEW SCHOOLS IN PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION. Masten Park High School, Masten street, between North and Best streets ; seating capacity, 1,000. 57 — Sears, near Broadway. 58 — Rother avenue, near Walden. 59 — Glenwood avenue, near Fillmore. 60 — Ontario street, near Saratoga. Also new Buildings for Nos. 1, 12 and 18. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 138 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. SCHOOL DISTRICT BOUNDARIES. Statistics which will be found of interest to every parent sending children to Buf- falo's Public Schools. District. No. i. By Niagara River, Porter avenue, Prospect avenue and Georgia street. District No. 2. By Niagara River, Lake Erie, Georgia street, Court street, Terrace, Maiu street, Lloyd street and Buffalo Creek. District No. 3. By Buffalo Creek, Lloyd street, Main street. Exchange street , Michigan street, South Michi- gan street and Lake Erie. District No. 4. By Michigan street, N. Y. C. Ry. , L. S. & M. S. Ry. , Elk, Hamburgh, Miami and Ohio streets. District No 5. By Perry street, Buffalo Creek Ry., Clinton street, Fillmore avenue, Eagle stn-et, N. Y.C. Ry. andL. S. & M. S. Ry. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. flUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 139 District No. 6. By Michigan street, North Division street, Cedar street, Swan street, South Cedar street, Louisiana street and N. Y. C. Ry. District No. 7. By W. N. Y. &P. Ry., N. Y., L. E. & W. Ry. , City Line, Buffalo Creek, Seneca street and Bailey avenue. District No. 8. By Michigan, East Ferry, Jefferson and Northampton streets. District No. 9. By Broadway, City Line, Scajaquada Creek, N. Y. C. Belt Line, West Shore Ry. and Bailey avenue. District No. 10. By Main street, Terrace, Court street, Georgia street, Prospect avenue, Carolina street, Johnson Place, Delaware avenue and West Chippewa street. District No. 11. By Main street, Broadway, Michigan and Exchange streets. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 140 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. District No. 12. By William, Michigan, Genesee and Walnut streets. District No. 13. By Main street, East Tupper street, Michi- gan street and Broadway District No. 14. By North street, Main street, West Chip- pewa street, Delaware avenue, Johnson Place, Carolina street, West Tupper street, Delaware avenue, Virginia and Park streets. District No. 15. By Main, East North, Maple, Virginia, Locust, Cherry, Spruce, Gem sir, Michigan and East Tupper streets. District No. 16. By Richmond, Lexington, Delaware ;t v< - nues, Ferry, Michigan, Northampton, Main and North streets. District No. 17. By Delaware avenue, north line of Forest Lawn Cemetery, Humboldt Parkway, Puffer, Jefferson and Ferry streets. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 141 District No. 18. By Niagara River, Breckenridge, Grant, Sixteenth, Massachusetts avenue and a con- tinuation of Massachusetts avenue. District No. 19. By Scajaquada Creek, De Witt street, Bird avenue, Herkimer street, Potomac avenue* Grant street, Breckenridge street and Black Rock Harbor. District No. 20. By N. Y. C. Ry., Austin street, Niagara River, Black Rock Harbor and Scajaquada Creek. District No. 21. By Colvin street, City Line, N. Y. C. Ry. , N. Y. C. Belt line, Elmwood avenue, and the north line of the Park land. District No. 22. By Amherst street, Kensington avenue, City Line, Colvin street and N. Y. C. Belt Line. District No. 23. By Steele street, Kensington avenue, City Line, Scajaquada Creek and Humboldt Parkway. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO, BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 142 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. District No 24 By Jefferson street, Northampton street, Humboldt Parkway, Scajaquada Creek, N. Y. C. Belt Line, Sycamore, Strauss, Genesee, Fox and Best streets. District No. 25. By Buffalo Creek Ry., Clinton, Metcalfe, Thomas streets, N. Y. C. Ry., Bailey avenue and N. Y., L. E. & W. Ry. District No. 26. By Buffalo Creek Ry.,W. N. Y. & P. Ry., Bailey avenue, Seneca street, Buffalo Creek, Maurice street and Seneca street. District No. 27. By Buffalo Creek, Cazenovia Creek, Mel- rose street, Abbott's Corners Plank Road and Citv Line. District No. 28. By L. S. & M. S. Ry. , Buffalo Creek and Cazenovia Creek, Melrose street, Abbott's Corners Plank Road, a direct continuation of Tifft street and Tifft street District No. 29. By Lake Erie, Tifft street, and a direct con- tinuation of center line of said street to Abbott's Corners Plank Road, Abbott's Corners Plank Road and City Line. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 143 District No. 30. By Louisiana, Sandusky, Vinceimes, South, Alabama streets, Buffalo Creek, L. S. & M. S. Ry., Tifft street, Lake Erie, South Michi- gan, Ohio and Miama streets. District No. 31. By N. Y. C. Ry. , William, Curtiss, Clark, Lovejoy, Shunrway, Broadway, Johnson, Sycamore, Jefferson, Howard, Emslie and Clinton streets. District No. 32. By William, Spring, North Division and Michigan streets. District No. 33. By Perry street, Buffalo Creek Ry. , Seneca street, Maurice street, Buffalo Creek and L. S. & M. S. Ry. District No. 34. By Miami, Hamburg, Elk streets, L. S. & M. S. Ry. , Buffalo Creek, Alabama, South, Vinceimes, Sandusky and Louisiana streets. District No. 35. By N. Y. C. Ry. , Jefferson, North Division, Cedar, Swan, South Cedar and Louisiana streets. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 144 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. District No. 36. By Prospect avenue, Porter avenue, North, College and Maryland streets. District No. 37. By Maple, Virginia, Locust, Cherry, Morti- mer, Genesee, Jefferson and North streets. District No. 38. By Normal avenue, York street, Porter avenue, Richmond avenue and Massachusetts street. District No. 30 By Sycamore, Jefferson, Best, Fox, Genesee and Johnson streets. District No. 40. ByN. Y. C. Ry., Thomas, Metcalfe, Clin- ton streets, Fillmore avenue and Eagle street. District No. 41. By Broadway, Pratt, Sycamore, Jefferson, William and Walnut streets. District No 42. By Scajaquada Crock, Elmwood avenue and N. Y. C. Belt Line. District No. 43. By N. Y.,L. E. & W. Ry., City Line, Broadway and Bailey avenue. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 145 District No. 44. By N. Y. C. Ry., Bailey avenue, West Shore Ry. , N. Y. C. Belt Line, Sycamore street, Mills street, Broadway, Clark, Curtiss and William streets. District No. 45. By Sixteenth street, Grant street, Potomac avenue, Richmond avenue and Massachusetts street. District No. 46. By Maryland, College, North, Park, Vir- ginia streets, Delaware avenue, Tupper street, Carolina street and Prospect avenue. District No. 47. By Walnut street, Broadway, Pratt, Syca- more, Jefferson, Genesee, Mortimer, Cherry, Spruce and Genesee streets. District No. 48. By East North, Jefferson, Northampton and Main streets. District No. 49. By Niagara River, Porter avenue, Thir- teenth and Massachusetts streets. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 146 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. District No. 50. By Spring, William, Jefferson, Howard, Emslie, Clinton streets, N. Y. C. Ry. , Jeffer- son and North Division streets. District No. 51. N. Y. C. Ry., City Line, Niagara River, and Austin street. District No. 52. Scajaquada Creek, De Witt street, Bird avenue, Herkimer street, Potomac and Elm- wood avenues. District No. 53. By Jefferson street, Puffer street, Hum- boldt Parkway, and Northampton street. District No. 54. By the north line of the Park land, Colvin street, N. Y. C. Belt Line, Amherst street, Kensington avenue, Steel street, Humboldt Parkway, north line of Forest Lawn Cemetery and Delaware avenue. District No. 55. By Love joy street, Shnmway street. Broad- way, Johnson, Genesee, Strauss, Sycamore Mills streets, Broadway and Clark street. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 147 District No. 56. By Lexington, Richmond, Potomac, Elm- wood avenues, the north of the Park land and Delaware avenue. Districts 57 to 60, inclusive, are to relieve certain overcrowded schools, hence the bound- aries cannot be given at this time. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 148 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. FRAMING A CHARTER. How the Present Excellent Code of Laws for the Government of Buffalo was Compiled. Buffalo works under a revised City Charter, which became a law in 1893. It was the fruit of many public meetings, presided over by a committee of citizens representing the best of Buffalo's business, social and professional life, men prominent in trade, banking and other business, railroad men, artisans and repre- sentatives of the medical and legal professions, men conspicuous in mercantile pursuits, and members of the various labor organiza- tions, all of whom had their share in the work, the committee holding open sessions, at which the various proposed enactments were discussed. These committees forming the main body of law-makers consisted of the following faithful workers : Law and Park Departments and Harbor Master —P. P. Pratt, D. H. McMillan, John Esser, S. H. Cowles, James Mooney, T. Guilford Smith. Police Justices, Salaries, Eminent Domain, Official Printing, Municipal Court, and General Provisions— Tracy C. Becker, J. C. Fullerton, E. H. Butler, Leroy S. Oatman, F. L. Beier, Henry Koons, Geo. A. Lewis. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 149 Legislative and Executive Departments — R. R. Hefford, G. P. Sawyer, O. P. Letchworth, B. D. Rogers, George Sandrock, Geo. S. Ward well. Finances— Charles A. Sweet, C. M. Underbill, J. N. Adam, James G. Kerr, H. C. Harrower, W. H. Albro. Assessments — John Fullerton, Henry Zink, Henry Spayth, Walter G. Shepard, H. J. Booth. Police and Excise— R. K. Smither, Britain Holmes, A. H. Schlecht, A. W. Voltz, Gerhard Lang, Arthur D. Bissell. Health and Charities— Dr. A. T. Bull, Dr. W. S. Tremaine, N. Rosenau. E. L. Cook, Dr. J. H. Pryor. Fire and Water Departments — George Clinton, E. S. Hawley, John M. Welter, John N. Scatch- erd, D. E. Newhall. Public Instruction— C. O. Rano, J. M. Rich- mond, E. F. Latham, S. V. Parsons, W. G Gregory. Election Department — Ward Officers and Their Duties— Norris Morey, W. H. Walker, G. N. Wattles. John S. Hertel, James Boland. Public Buildings and Building Laws— John Feist, John Coleman, M. McNamara, C. B. Arm- strong, G. J. Metzger, C. D. Bigelow, E. C. Hawks, Joseph H. Neil. Engineering, Public Grounds, Streets, Water, Lights — John C. Graves, August Farren, John G. Milburn, Dr. Roswell Park, Harlow C. Palmer. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 150 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Revision and Compilation— R. R. Hefford, E. H. Movius, M. M. Drake, P. F. Fargo, R. F. Schel- ling, Geo. W. Patridge, D. H. McMillan. Committee on Legislation— George Clinton, John G. Milburn, Tracy C. Becker, Ansley Wil- cox, John C. Graves. This public-spirited body of citizens held its sessions in the main committee rooms of the Board of Trade, and when its labors were con- cluded the instrument, as proposed, was acted upon and sent to Albany, where it was crys- tallized into the present law. Since 1892 there have been some amendments, tending gener- ally toward improvement, but the bulk of the work of the Charter framers was well done and remains still intact. The new Constitution of the State of New York, framed by the Constitutional Convention of 1894, did away with the admixture of State, national and local politics by so amending the Charter of the City that municipal officers must be chosen at separate elections, and pro- viding for a two-year term of service of Aldermen after the inauguration of the new system. so framed, should have been completed. Under this it became necessary, in 1*94, to elect all Aldermen for three-year terms; Aldermen elected in 1895 will serve two years, and an entirely new board will be elected in THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138 CITY OF BUFFALO. 151 1897, taking office on January 1, 1898, to serve two years each. The Legislature amended the Charter so as to provide for the election of three Council- men in 1895, to serve for four years, and it was also enacted "that six Councilmen shall be elected in 1897, and they shall meet before the end of that year, at a time and place to be designated by the Mayor, and determine by lot, two of their number to hold office for two years and shall certify in writing to the City Clerk their determination. The term of office of the Councilmen elected in 1897, and so certified, shall be two years. ' ' At the annual election held in odd-numbered years thereafter, * ' it is provided there shall be elected alternately five and four Councilmen for the term of four years, ' ' and the terms of other city officers also expire with the end of the odd-numbered years, successors to be elected the preceding fall. And thus the machinery of the new Consti- tution has been perfected and set in motion, so that all city offices to become vacant will be filled by election in odd-numbered years ; no municipal election occurring hereafter at the same time as elections for State or Fed- eral offices. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 152 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. LOCATION OF HOSPITALS. Buffalo State Hospital, Forest Avenue, near Park Lake, Telephone, Bryant 262. Buffalo General Hospital, 100 High Street, Telephone, Tupper 340. Buffalo Homoeopathic Hospital, Cottage and Maryland Streets, Telephone, Tupper 94. Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, 1883 Main Street, Telephone, Bryant 565-D. Buffalo Women's Hospital, 101 Georgia Street, Telephone, Tupper 442. Children's Hospital, 219 Bryant Street, Telephone, Bryant 29. Emergency Hospital, Michigan and South Division Streets, Telephone, Seneca 338. Erie County Hospital, 3399 Main Street, Telephone, Park 21 -D. Eye and Ear Infirmary, G73 Michigan Street, Telephone, Seneca 1253. Fitch Accident Hospital, 165 Swan Street, Telephone. Snieca 300-A. Lexington Heights Hospital, 173 Lexington Avenue, Telephone, Bryant 81. Wilcox Private Hospital, 173 Lexington Avenue, Telephone, Bryant 81. St. Francis Hospital, 387 Pine Street. Riverside Hospital for Women, 906 La- fayette Avenue, Telephone, Bryant 596. JHE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 153 THE MECCA OF THE CONVENTIONS. Ever Popular Buffalo, and How She Cares for Her Visitors— The Q. A. R. Encampment. Buffalo has come to be recognized of late years as the ideal convention city, for various important reasons, among which are its ac- cessibility to delegates coming from all points in the Union ; its location as the easternmost port of entry of the great lakes, enabling travelers from the West to reach it by that de- lightful mode of summer travel, the palatial lake steamers ; its railroads, which gridiron and griddle it at every point, coming from everywhere ; its cool evenings ; its freedom from dust ; its 200 miles of asphalt pavement ; its varied excursion facilities, and its unsur- passed hotel accommodations for taking proper care of vast aggregations of humanity. These are a few of the reasons why Buffalo in the past two years has satisfactorily cared for more conventions than most other cities have since they were incorporated. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 154 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. NO HEAT, NO DUST. Probably nowhere on the face of the civil- ized globe is there a great city combining the climatic advantages of Buffalo, with so many other claims to popularity, as an ideal summer city. It is a matter of local proverb that " Buffalonians have no need to go away from home to escape the heat." Situated as it is upon grounds sloping upwards from the shores of Lake Erie, whose balmy breezes fan it ceaselessly, those terrors of less favored places, hot and consequently sleepless nights, often aggravated by the assiduous mosquito and his lanteern-carrying friend, the fire-fly, are absolutely unknown. Whatever may have been the heat of the day, and 80 degrees is esteemed hot for Buffalo, sure as ' ' the sun-set gun" booms over the waters of Fort Porter, the cooling winds of the lake sweep through the city, making its pleasant, evenings, and cool, sweet sleeps which follow them, summer experiences never to be forgotten by non- residents. EXCURSIONS FOR VISITORS. The boats of upwards of 20 lines of ex- cursion steamers leave and arrive at Buffalo night and day through the summer season, from May until nearly November; THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 155 they ply to various ports on lake and river where summer resorts are established on the American and Canadian shores, and, including the wonderful rides down the river, the choice of two lines being given, to where the white surges of the Rapids and the wrath -like spray of Niagara Falls rises to Heaven like steam from the body of a giant in travil, even to those who have already seen that world's wonder, Niagara Falls, before, the new trolley lines connecting with the Buffalo steamboats on the American and Canadian sides, and running respectively to Lewiston and Queens- town along the very brink of the beautiful Niagara Gorge, afford an attraction and will yield a delight equaling, if not exceeding, that experienced on the first view of the cata- ract. Niagara Falls and Buffalo are practically one city, but 30 minutes in time from each other, and connecting by trains on several roads, running at intervals on an average of half an hour apart. UNRIVALED HOTEL FACILITIES. Buffalo can take care of her guests in 1897, even though the Christian Endeavor Society and National Convention were to meet the same week. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 156 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. In the matter of hotels of all sorts and grades she can boast of more and better than two-thirds of the cities donble her size and population in the United States. All told there are 48 hotels in the City of Buffalo, not all magnificent, but all comfort- able, from the new and handsome Iroquois, the famous Niagara, the Genesee, the New Tifft, the old, but excellent, Mansion, that enormous caravansary, the Continental, the Stafford, the Broezel, and the Ontario, formerly Gruener's, with facilities for accommodating respect ivrly from 500 to 1,000 guests, to the 40 odd others of smaller capacity and lower figures. There is not, of course, included in this list the hundreds of boarding places and private houses, which would on such occasions throw wide their doors to welcome the strangers. Besides this, NIAGARA FALLS, OUR NEIGHBOR, With its mammoth hotel establishments, world-famous and luxurious, such as the In- ternational, the Cataract, the Hotel Kalten- bach, the Porter, the Clifton and the Im- perial, with several dozen smaller ones, is but 30 minutes' distant by rail and almost a suburb of ' ' this City. ' ' THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 157 One of the greatest conventions, numeric- ally, which every year chooses an American city in which to meet, is the National Educa- tional Association, which met in Buffalo in 1896, bringing a personnel of 15,000 people, as a conservative estimate, and she sent each and every visitor away deeply impressed with her hospitality and the ample means at her command for the entertainment of the stranger. In August, 1897, there will gather in this city the cohorts of the Grand Army of the Re- public, and Buffalo will give it royal welcome and recognize its paramount claims to honor and pre-eminence and salute it and its mem- bers as worthy of all deference. Every year its membership decreases as the brigades, which answered to the call of duty on the fields of Appomatox, Bull Run and the Wilderness, and marched with Sherman to the sea, diminish in numbers as they reply to ' ' boot and saddle, ' ' or the ' ' reveille, ' ' which summons them to reply to roll-call in the phantom regiments of the hereafter. Whatever doubts may have been entertained as to the ability of Buffalo to capably and hospitably care for the visitors within her gates was positively solved when the N. E. A. met here last year, and will be completely and THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. Buffalo, the fourth commercial city in the world. 158 common council manual. satisfactorily disposed of when the city shows her ample resources to the 300,000 strangers who will gather here in August. Arrangements have been made for such an entertainment of her guests, as will show that the City is not only the most pre-eminently progressive, but the most pre-eminently hospi- table, municipality in America. CONVENTIONS HELD IN 1896. Church Clubs of the United States, Fourth Annual Conference, February 6th. The Master Painters' National Association Convention, February 11th, 12th and 13th. Supreme Council Royal Templars of Tem- perance, March 26th and 27th. Homeopathic Medical Society of Western New York, April 10th. Eighth District Dental Society of New York State, April 29th. New York State Medical Association, Fourth District Branch, May 12th. American Ticket Brokers' Association, May 13th and 14th. Rebekali Branch, I. O. O. F. State Conven- tion, May 18th and 19th. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 159 National Journeymen Horse Shoers' Associa- tion, May 18th, 19th and 20th. Buffalo Alumni of the Ann Arbor Univer- sity, May 29th. Supreme Lodge Shield of Honor, 19th Annual Convention, June 2d, 3d and 4th. Erie County Sunday School Association, June 2d to 11th. New York District of the Evangelical Synod of North America, Annual Conference, June 5th to 8th. New York State Association for the Protec- tion of Fish and Game, June 8th. Retail Butchers' Mutual Protective Associa- tion, State Convention, June 8th and 9th. New York State Shoot, June 8th to 12th. Presbyterian Missionary Congress of New York State, June 10th and 11th. Supreme Lodge A. O. U. W. , Annual Con- vention, June 16th to 30th. New York State Pharmaceutical Associa- tion, June 23d. International League of Press Clubs, June 23d to 27th. American Association of Physicians and Surgeons, June 24th and 25th. National Educational Association, July 3d to 12th. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 160 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. National Association Saddlery, Hardware Dealers, July 14th to 16th. International Cantonment Patriarch Mili- tans I. O. O. F. , Aug. 4th to 7th. German Christian Endeavor Society, An- nual Conference, Aug. 5th to 8th. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Aug. 22d to Sept. 3d. National Association of Stationary I En- gineers, Aug. 31th to Sept. 6th. United States Veterinary Medical Associa- tion, Sept, 1st to 6th. National Association Casket, Hardware Men, Sept, 9th. American Public Health Association, Sept. 15th, 16th and 17th. National Association of Builders, Sept. 14th to 33d. National Association Commissioners and Inspectors of Buildings, Sept. loth to 33d. Democratic State Convention, Sept L6th, 17th and 18th. Polish Roman Catholic Congress, Sept. 20th to 25th. Independent Polish Catholic Church Con- vention, Sept. 33d t<> 36th. Annual Reunion of the Tenth New York Cavalry Veterans, Oct, 6th. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,133. CITY OP BUFFALO. 161 Federation of Women's Clubs and Societies of Western New York, First Meeting, Oct. 15th and 16th. Royal Templars of Temperance, First Grand District Convention, Oct. 29th and 30th. Epworth League, Buffalo District of the Genesee Conference, Oct. 29th, 30th and 31st. German United Evangelical Synod of North America and German Reform Synod, Nov. 1st. Federation of Women's Clubs and Societies, Second Annual Convention, Nov. 10th, 11th and 12th. State Banking Association, Group 1, Nov. 19th. CONVENTIONS FOR 1897. National Brick Manufacturers' Association. Junior Order of United American Mechan- ics. The Buffalo Poultry Association. National Association of Bridge and Struct- ural Iron Workers. Spiritualists. Convention of Railroad Men, representing the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, the THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 162 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, the Order of Railway Conductors, Order of Railway Trainmen and Order of Telegraphers. G. A. R. Encampment. National Convention of the World's W. C. T. U. and the Dominion W. C. T. U. National Hardware Association. Young People's Christian Union. Baptist State Convention. St. Andrew's Brotherhood. Supreme Ruling of the Fraternal Mystic Circle. North American Bee Keepers' Association. Great Council of Red Men of the State of New York. The Luther League of New York State. CONVENTIONS FOR 1898. The Packers of Canned Goods from the Atlantic States. The Machinery and Supplies Associations. The National Foremen Cutters. International Union of Bievele Workers. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 163 BUFFALO'S HOTELS. Fourty-Eight Distinct Establishments Are Now Operating in the City of Buffalo Under City Licenses; the More Prominent of These and Their Convention Capacities Are Given Below. Name of Hotel. Capacity. Iroquois 1,000 Niagara 400 to 450 Genesee 1,000 Tifft 850 to 950 Broezel 800 to 900 Mansion 800 to 900 Stafford 500 New Continental 900 to 1,000 Arlington 400 to 500 Ontario, formerly Gruener's 150 to 200 All of the hotels named above are large es- tablishments, containing ample parlor room for "headquarters" of various delegations, and which could be used for this purpose if desired. And, of course, above are not enumerated the Niagara Falls hotels or the hundreds of board- ing houses, and the many smaller hostleries, which have agreements with the local hotels to take care of their overflow of guests. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 164 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. COMFORTABLE BUFFALO. The Ideal Summer Climate of America-A Table of Temperature and Humidity which Explains Itself. MAXIMUM OF WARM WAVE. The following comparative table contains volumes of information about the hot weather, and shows that, with a comparatively moder- ate temperature, a brisk breeze and only a fair amount of humidity, Buffalo had the ' ' best place in the procession' ' during the un- usually hot summer of 1896. Is 45 282 &S2 3** g§o3 a.aa o 5 2 a s p: ■go a of daysmaxi- temperature »ded Buffalo's mum. sis 111 °Btc ££S ~a - — I JO- a t*.v No mum exce« maxi OjjD Buffalo 85 92 76 81 66 77 307 175 Rochester. .. 10 3 Erie 92 82 72 249 8 1 Cleveland 93 82 83 285 8 5 Detroit 95 84 82 219 7 2 Chicago 98 87 69 413 9 6 Cincinnati. . . 96 85 72 143 13 6 New York.... 94 85 70 144 10 7 Philadelphia. 97 87 52 171 14 12 Baltimore . . . 98 88 65 77 14 10 Milwaukee.. 98 86 74 325 8 6 St. Louis 100 91 66 320 16 12 Memphis Pittsburgh... 101 98 56 174 16 16 94 84 70 109 11 5 Columbus 94 82 £4 157 12 7 Duluth 90 80 80 278 3 1 Albany 95 84 72 98 11 9 Kansas City .. 103 90 48 246 16 11 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 165 SUMMARY OF HEATED TERM, 1896. The following comparative table is a sum- mary of the entire warm spell. It shows the mean temperature, humidity, velocity of wind, etc. , for the 16 days in the various cities. W-T3 <3 a s£ Sg Jsi a o s Et3 5§ S3 Buffalo 79.7 84.6 73 75.4 69 72 296 Rochester 161 Erie 81.5 84 74.6 75.1 78.5 81 210 Cleveland 239 Detroit 83.8 85.1 75.8 78.1 78 3 68.1 189 Chicago 328 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 166 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. THE CAP JUST FITS. An Outline of Chicago Fitted over Buffalo and Niagara Falls Takes in Both and Shows the " Greater Buffalo" of the Future. \«& \&r Comparative Area of the NIAGARA FRONTIER AND CHICAGO. Area of Chicago, 18 1 «quar« mlle» Area of Buffalo, 42 equare mile* BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 167 BUFFALO THE ELECTRIC CITY. Text of the franchise of the City of Buffalo to the several companies for the introduction of electric power within the corporate limits of the City of Buffalo. Adopted by the Common Council, December 2, 1895: First — "Whenever either of said companies shall desire to erect poles, string wires, or cables, or lay conduits under this grant, it shall file with the Board of Public Works a plan drawn to scale, showing the streets, ave- nues, alleys or other public places, or parts thereof, in which it proposes to erect poles, string wires or cables, or lay conduits, and the particular part thereof it proposes to occupy for each such purpose, and shall at the same time present and file with said board definite written specifications of the electrical conductors, wires, poles and conduits proposed to be erected, strung or laid by it, specifying the material and dimensions thereof, the height of wires, the depth of conduits, the methods of insulation and the devices to be used for the protection of life and property, which shall be the most approved, and said company shall not have authority to proceed THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 168 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. With any of said work until the board shall have approved snch plans and specifications as modified or amended and shall have re- ported its action to the Common Council, and said Council shall have approved thereof, and a written permit shall have been issued by said board therefor ; and in addition thereto the consent of the Board of Park Commissioners shall be requisite as to any lands or grounds of which it has the general charge and con- trol. Second — All poles erected and conduits laid by said company, excepting lateral lines ex- tending not more than 2,000 feet from amain line of transmission, shall be of sufficient size and capacity and of such construction as to afford suitable and sufficient facilities for at least one other company requiring as great facilities as the company receiving this grant shall at any time require in any such street, which additional space and facilities shall be shown and specified in the plans and specifica- tions filed by said company under the i\v>x subdivision hereof and shall not be used by the company receiving this grant or its as- signee or transferee, for a period of 10 years after its acceptance of this grant ; and at any time during said 10 years said city may use THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 169 such additional space or any part thereof for any public purpose from which it shall not derive a revenue without being liable to the company constructing the same for rental or other charges, and such use, if commenced, may be continued upon the same terms for the whole period of this grant. Said city may also use such additional space, or any part thereof, during said period of 10 years for the purpose of furnishing light, heat or power for other than public purposes, or may author- ize any other company receiving a substan- tially similar grant from the Common Council to use such additional space and facilities, or any part thereof, for similar purposes, but in such case the City, or such other company, as the case may be, shall, before using such ad- ditional space or facilities, make compensation to the company receiving this grant, for the use thereof, which compensation shall be a just proportionate part of the cost of construction of the poles and conduits so proposed to be used by the City, or such other company, and of the expense of altering and repairing the same, together with six (6) per cent, interest upon such proportionate part from the time of the investment thereof by the company receiving this grant, and if City, or such other company, THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 170 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. as the case may be, shall be unable to agree upon such compensation, the amount thereof shall be fixed by three arbitrators, one to be named by each of the interested parties and the third to be named by the two so selected, and their determination shall be final. If the City or any other company shall com- mence the use of any part of such additional space or facilities, during said period of 10 years, as lastly above provided, such use as may be continued for the whole period of this grant upon the City, or such other company, as the case may be, paying to the company receiving this grant from time to time a just proportion of the cost of all necessary altera- tions and repairs to the poles and conduits so used, and if the interested parties are unable to agree thereto, the same shall be determined in the manner herein above provided for the determination of the compensation to be made in the first instance. If after the expiration of said period of 10 years any of such additional space OP facilities shall remain unused, and neither the City nor any other company shall have become entitled to use the same hereunder, then in such case the company receiving this grant may use such additional space or facilitis for its own THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 171 purposes. If the company receiving this grant shall refuse to permit the City or any such other company or companies to use such poles and conduits as herein provided, or shall refuse to name such arbitrators, this grant shall thereupon become null and void. The poles or conduits to be erected or con- structed hereunder shall also be of sufficient ad- ditional capacity to accommodate six wires of the Buffalo Fire Alarm Telegraph and six wires of the Buffalo Police Signal Call System, and suitable and sufficient for such service, and the City shall be permitted to use the same without being charged therefor, and the space and facilities so provided shall always be held ready and available for use by the City. Third — All work authorized and required by this grant shall be done by the company in a safe, thorough and workmanlike manner and under the supervision and subject to the approval of the Board of Public Works or such inspector or inspectors as it may appoint, and said Board may stop and prohibit the work, if not done pursuant to such plans and specifications and as required by it, and said board may at the expense of said company, at any time and without notice, do any and all THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 172 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. work necessary to restore any street, avenue, alley or public grounds left by said company in a condition dangerous to life or property to a safe condition in said respects, and said company shall upon demand pay the city all costs of supervising such construction and of doing such work. Fourth — That said company, upon reasonable notice from the Board of Public Works, shall at its own expense from time to time adopt and use such approved methods and devices and make such changes and alterations in its poles, wires, cables and conduits for the pur- pose of protecting life and property as the Board of Public Works may, with the ap- proval of the Common Council, require, and in case of its failure so to do, said board may offer reasonable notice to said company, furnish the material and do the work necessary to that end, and said company shall upon demand pay the cost thereof to said City. Fifth — The said company shall upon reason- able notice from the Board of Public Works, and at its own expense, raise or lower any wire or cable maintained by it and move any pole or conduit to permit the making of any necessary local improvement, or laying of sewer or water main or branch thereof, and THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389.138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 173 on its failure to comply with such notice the said board may do the same, and said company shall on demand pay the cost thereof. Sixth — The Common Council may at any time on the recommendation of the Board of Public Works require that the wires strung under this grant, or any part thereof, shall be placed under ground and the poles erected removed within such reasonable time as it may prescribe. Seventh — Where said company shall desire to use a street in which a company having a franchise for similar purposes, containing similar conditions to those embodied in this grant shall have erected poles, strung wires or cables or laid conduits, the company receiv- ing this grant shall use the poles or conduits of such other company, and make just compen- sation therefor as may be provided in the grant to such other company, or in other law- ful manner, provided that such poles or con- duits are suitable and sufficient for such use and that such use is consistent with safety to life and property. Eighth — The said company shall, during the entire period of this grant, supply electricity to such extent as the capacity of its plant and its facilities for increasing the same will per - THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 174 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. mit to all persons and corporations desiring the same in said city, and situate along any of its main lines of transmission, or within 2,000 feet thereof, upon their complying with such general rules and regulations not incon- sistent herewith as it may make with respect thereto, and shall not charge therefor a greater proportionate price or higher rate per horse- power than it shall charge other consumers in said City for the same or a less quantity of electricity supplied the same or a greater distance from a distributing station and also from a main line of transmission, and shall not charge any customer a greater propor- tionate price, or higher rate per horse-power, than it shall have previously charged him, or a greater proportionate price, or higher rate per horse-power, than it shall charge customers at other points farther from its Niagara Falls power-house for the same or a less quantity of electricity supplied the same or a greater distance from a distributing station. The dis- tributing stations shall be shown by amended plans, to be filed with the Board of Public Works, before the company commences to sup- ply electricity hereunder, and any line of transmission more than 2,000 feet in length shall be deemed a main line of transmission. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. l75 Whenever said company shall have received bona-fide applications for power aggregating one thousand horse-power, to be furnished within a radius of half a mile from any point in any part of the City where it has not con- structed a line of transmission, and the appli- cants shall have tendered such company con- tracts for the use of power aggregating said amount for at least one year, accompanied by a bond for the performance of such contract, with two or more sureties with proper affidavits of justification, which contract shall conform to said company's general rules and regulations not inconsistent herewith, then and in such case the Common Council may order and direct that said company within six months thereafter extend its line of transmission and furnish electricity to such applicants in the manner and on the conditions hereinbefore provided, so far as the capacity of its plant and its facilities for increasing the same will permit. Ninth — Said company shall annually, during the term of this grant, excluding the first six years from the date of its acceptance thereof, pay to the Treasurer of the City of Buffalo a sum of money equal to two and one-half (2)^) per cent, of its gross receipts from all electri- THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 176 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. city sold or furnished for lighting, heating or power purposes to any person, company or corporation for use or to be nsed in said City and regardless of whether such electricity shall be furnished or delivered under this grant. Such payment shall be made within 30 days after the expiration of each year from the date of the acceptance of this grant, ex- cluding the first six years thereafter, and within every such 30 days the president and treasurer of said company shall make a verified report to the Comptroller of the gross amount of its receipts for the preceding year, and the books, records and contracts of said company shall be open to inspection and ex- amination by such Comptroller or his duly - appointed agent for the purpose of ascertain- ing the correctness of its report as to such gross receipts. Tenth — Said company shall be prepared to supply 10,000 horse-power to consumers within the City on or before June 1, 1897,* and it shall submit the plans and specifications re- ferred to in Section One for approval within !>o days after it accepts this grant. Said company shall also be prepared to furnish ten thousand * Time limit extended by Common Council until Decem- ber 81, 1897. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 177 (10,000) additional horse-power within each successive year thereafter for four years, as far as the demand therefor may require the same. Eleventh — This grant is made for the period of 36 years from the date of this ac- ceptance, as provided in the Fifteenth sub- division hereof, at the expiration of which period all rights and privileges hereby granted or conferred shall cease and terminate ; but at the expiration of 18 years from the date of such acceptance there shall be a re- adjustment of the percentages to be paid by said company to said City, such readjustment to be made by three arbitrators, one to be ap- pointed by the company, one by the Mayor of said City, and the two so selected to appoint a third, and such arbitrators by a majority vote shall have full power to increase or de- crease the percentages to be paid and to other- wise regulate or adjust the same as to them shall seem just and equitable, and their de- termination shall be final and binding upon both parties, and from the time of the filing of a written report by them with the City Clerk of said City said Section Nine hereof shall for the remaining 18 years of said term be deemed amended and modified in accordance with their determination. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 178 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Twelfth — This grant shall not be transfer- able or assignable without the consent of the Common Council, and said company shall not consolidate or merge with any other company or corporation or enter into any agreement to prevent competition or to prevent the reduc- tion of the price of electricity without such consent, but the City of Buffalo, by its Com- mon Council hereby agrees that it will, on application of said company, to be made with- in six months after the acceptance of tins grant, consent that this grant may be assigned or sublet once to a company organized under the laws of this State for the purpose of distributing electricity and operating under this grant, and not having any similar grant, or any other assignment of a similar grant in said City, provided, however, that such assignment shall not take effect until the as- signee shall by a written communication to the Common Council accept the assignment of this grant and agree to be bound by all of its terms and conditions and that it will pay the same rate of percentage of its own gross re- ceipts to said City and in the same manner as its assignor company is hereby obliged to pay. the intent being that the percentage shall be a percentage of and determined by the receipts THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 179 of the assignee company, instead of the re- ceipts of the assignor company. Such written acceptance to contain a further condition that if any other assignment or transfer of the grant shall be made without the consent of the Common Council the grant shall there- upon be and become null and void, nor shall such assignment take effect until a bond in the form and conditions provided in Section Thirteen shall have been given by the assignee and approved as therein provided, the form and conditions of the bond to be suitably modified to apply to such assignee, provided, however, that the company may include this grant in any mortgages which it may give to secure its corporate bonds. Thirteenth — Before any plans or specifica- tions filed with the Board of Public Works as herein provided shall be approved, said com- pany shall file with the Comptroller a bond to the City of Buffalo in the penal sum of two hundred and fifty thousand (250,000) dollars, with sufficient sureties to be approved by the Mayor, conditional that no excavation or obstruction will unnecessarily be made, placed or continued by it in any street, avenue, alley or public ground, and that all excavations or obstructions made or placed by it at any THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. 7 BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 180 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. time in any street, avenue, alley or public ground shall be properly guarded and the public shall be suitably protected against ac- cidents therefrom; and that any pavement, sidewalk, curbstone, gutter, street, avenue, alley or public ground torn up, displaced or disturbed by it shall be replaced by it to its former condition as far as practicable with all due diligence, and that any pavement or side- walk so removed and replaced shall be kept in good order and repair by it for five years thereafter ; but it shall not be liable for repairs rendered necessary by the acts of third parties ; and that it will fully indemnify and save the City harmless from and against all claims, actions or suits at law or in equity of any name or nature for damages to persons or property resulting from, occasioned by or growing out of its omission to properly guard any such excavation or obstruction or to speedly remove all dirt, rubbish or other sur- plus material placed or left in any street, ave- nue, alley or public ground or to properly or Bpeedily restore any street, avenue, alley ox public ground, which it shall disturb or inter- fere with, to Bfl .untnl condition as the same was before such disturbance <>r Interference, or in consequence of or growing out of the THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 181 making of this grant, or permitting the trans- mission of such electricity into the City, or into the City in the manner herein provided, and that it will indemnify and reimburse the City and all other persons and corporations for any damages or injuries caused or oc- casioned by it, its servants or agents, or the electricity transmitted under this grant, to any water, gas or sewer pipe, or any main or branch thereof, or by any other structure or improvement that may lawfully be in any street, avenue, alley or public ground; and that it will on demand pay all expenses of the City in inspecting or supervising any work done under this grant and in doing any work where said company shall fail, omit, neglect or refuse to do the same as herein provided, and, generally, that it will well and truly keep, observe and comply with each and every prop- osition, stipulation and obligation of this grant. The liability under such bond to con- tinue until the filing in the office of the Comptroller of a certificate from the Board of Public Works that the terms thereof have been fully complied with, and that such bond shall be renewed by said company from time to time as the Common Council may direct. If this grant shall be assigned, as authorized THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 182 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. in the twelfth section, said company and its sureties on the bond given, as herein pro- vided, shall thereby be released from liability thereon to the extent that the City shall be protected in the performance and fulfillment of its obligations under this grant by the bond given by its assignee as provided in said twelfth section and to no other or greater ex- tent. Fourteenth — If the said company shall will- fully violate or fail to comply with any pro- vision of this grant for 90 days after notice from the Board of Public Works, or shall willfully and unreasonably neglect or fail to comply with any notice given to said company under the provisions of the Fourth, Fifth or Sixtli clauses of this grant, it shall forfeit all rights hereunder and this grant may be revoked and annulled by said Council. Fifteenth— This grant shall not become operative until said company shall have filed with the City Clerk a written acceptance of all the terms and conditions thereof, and shall be void if saoh acceptance shall not be filed within one month after the adoption thereof. Accepted by Power Company, Jan. 14, IS! Hi. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 183 CENTRAL TO EVERYWHERE. Buffalo, the Headquarters of Cheap Power, is \vith = in a Night's Ride of Nearly Every Great City in the United States. Half of the population of the Union lives within 450 miles of Buffalo, which is already the fourth commercial city in the world. Draw a circle, with Buffalo as its center, and representing 450 miles in every direction, from center to circumference, and in that circle you will find located such great cities as Chicago, Detroit, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Pittsburg and Toronto, to the northwest and southwest, and Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Jersey City, Brook- lyn, Boston, Providence and intervening cities, to the south and east ; Quebec, Montreal and Portland, Maine, come also within the circumference. Within this charmed circle live 35,000,000 of the citizens of the United States, and within it are located 135 cities of over 20,000 inhabitants, the most distant of THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 184 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. which is reachable from Buffalo in one short night's ride in a Pullman or Wagner sleeper. This hub of half the Union, the greater manufacturing city than Manchester, the close rival of Liverpool, is only ranked as a commercial city by three others, according to the annual message of His Honor Mayor Edgar B. Jewett, who has made a study of this subject, and it has thus obtained a start, in the municipal procession of the world which nothing can impede, retard or arrest. *£$& THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY BUFFALO'S POSITION Among the Larger Cities of America in 1890 and 1895, and the Population, Distance from New York, and Difference Between Mean and Standard Time in Each. Standard CITIES. Population 1890. Miles. Hours. Time. * ( Mean t ) Time New York, N. Y. . . 1,513,501 * 4 m. Chicago, 111 1,098,576 "912 24' * 9 Philadelphia, Pa. . . 1,044,894 90 2 + 1 Brooklyn. N. Y.... 804,377 * 4 St. Louis. Mo 450,245 1065 29.'40 t 1 Boston, Mass 446.507 234 6 *16 Baltimore. Md 433,547 188 4.09 t 6 San Francisco, Cal. 297.990 3209 132 *22 Cincinnati. Ohio. . . 296,309 757 21.10 t27 Cleveland, Ohio 261,546 585 14.20 tl6 Buffalo, N. Y 254,457 410 9 45 tio BDFFAL0.1897 389,138 7 YEA RS'GF 140 54; IOWTH, New Orleans, La. . . 241.995 1371 48 Pittsburgh. Pa. 238,473 444 12 t20 Washington, D. C. 228,160 228 5.25 t 8 Detroit, Mich 205,669 646 19.10 *28 Milwaukee, Wis 204,150 997 27.10 * 8 Newark, N. J 181.518 10 .30 * 3 Minneapolis, Minn. 164,738 1332 50.50 tl2 Louisville, Ky 161,005 867 24.30 *18 Omaha, Neb 139,526 1402 43.30 tl4 Rochester, N. Y. .. 138,327 374 8.50 til St. Paul, Minn 133,156 1322 50.30 + 12 Kansas City, Mo. .. 132,416 1385 41.30 + 19 Providence, R. I. .. 132.099 188 5.30 *14 Denver, Col 126,186 1982 56.30 Indianapolis, Ind.. 107,445 825 23 *16 Albany, N. Y 93,523 145 3.30 * 5 Columbus, Ohio... 90,398 540 17 *28 Syracuse, N. Y 87,877 293 7.15 + 5 Worcester, Mass. . . 84.536 190 5 *13 Toledo, Ohio 82,652 706 17.30 *16 Richmond, Va 80,838 342 11.15 + 10 Nashville, Tenn.... 76.309 1000 30.30 *17 Memphis, Tenn ... 64,586 1244 44.30 Grand Rapids.Mich 64,147 934 30.30 *17 Lincoln, Neb 55,491 1460 43 + 22 Charleston, S. C... 54,592 803 31 + 24 Hartford, Conn 53,182 113 3 * 9 Des Moines, Iowa. . 50,067 1270 41 + 14 Portland, Ore 47.294 3232 133 + 20 BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 186 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. BUFFALO'S CLUB LIFE. The club life of a city tells its own story of that city's development and intellectuality ; and clubs of the social sort with representative memberships indicate the possession of that wealth which is a pre-requisite to the leisure which makes culture possible. The older and more wealthy a city, the greater the number of organizations of this character. They imply a great deal more than is usually understood, for through them is accomplished the amal- gamation into a consistent and useful whole of many diverse characters and characteristics, which, standing apart and alone, would be far less capable of good to the community than when co-operating with others, so clubs have their beneficient side and are important factors in the development of civilization. On the tenth floor of the Ellicott Square Building, in the heart of the business district, occupying one-half of its space, is the home of the Ellicott Club— an organization of busi- ness men, primarily formed as a place of re- union for the midday meal, but which long ago outgrew the original intention of its charter members and became a plact foreven- ing rallyings as well. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 187 There are 637 members in this club, and it is the handsomest business men's club in the United States. Its furnishings are incom- parable, the decorations are of the Empire style, and its kitchen rivals in convenience, as its chef does in culinary genius, those of the greatest hotels in the world. The unique character of this club calls for its especial mention here. The Buffalo Club is probably the oldest of the social organizations of the city, and its membership is in every respect highly rep- resentative of good citizenship and culture. Other prominent clubs and their respective memberships are : No. of Telephone Members. No. Acacia Club, Masonic Temple 600 Seneca 406 Buffalo Club, 388 Delaware Avenue 500 Tupper 174 Buffalo Press Club, 208 Main Street 208 Seneca 723 Buffalo Chess and Whist Club, 584 Main Street 98 None Country Club, Elmwood Avenue, North of Park Lake 156 Bryant 44 Ellicott Club, Ellicott Square Building. . .637 Sen. 1567 D Liberal Club, corner Delaware and Ed- ward Street. (300 is the limit and there is a " waiting list.") . . 300 Tupper 177D Phcenix Club (Hebrew), 283 Franklin Street 116 " 147 Saturn Club, corner Delaware and Ed- ward 271 M 177D THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 188 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. No. of Telephone Members. No. The Twentieth Century Club (Women), 597 Delaware 280 Tupper 578 The University Club, 884 Main Street 246 " 247 Unique among the organizations is the last named but one, the Twentieth Century Club, on Delaware avenue, an organization owned and controlled by the ladies of Buffalo, to whose wisdom and good taste the city owes the classic structure the club occupies. It was built under the supervision of the following officers and directors : Miss Charlotte Mulli- gan, president ; Mrs. A. P. Wright, first vice- president ; Mrs. Henry T. French, second vice- president ; Mrs. John C. Glenny, third vice- president ; Mrs. Horace Reed, treasurer ; Miss Mary Dudley, secretary ; Mrs. Robert Keath- ing, assistant secretary ; directors, Mrs. S. D. Cornell, Mrs. W. H. Gratwick, Mrs. E. S. Wheeler, Mrs. Robert Wilson, Mrs. Truman G. Avery, Mrs. E. L. Hedstrom, Mrs. F. L. A. Cady,Mrs. Carleton Sprague, Mrs. Charles Goodyear, Mrs. S. M. Clement, Mrs. Carleton Jewett, Mrs. H. C. Chard and Mrs. Ansley Wilcox. The property, as it stands today, is valued at $75,000. The stock is nearly all owned by the club members, who receive six-per-cent. interest Tonawanda, on the brick boulevard, and around the Park system, and a cycle path to Niagara Falls is nearly assured. A trip to the beautiful South Park, with its botanic garden, is also becoming a favorite recreation. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALf' HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 195 The manufacture of bicycles and bicycle fittings are among onr most active industries. There is an enormous investment in the busi- ness and the amount is largely increased this year. Employment is found for thousands of skilled workmen. The municipal government in its different departments is prompt to recognize the rights of bicyclists, and accede to reasonable demands on their behalf, and if the Park Commissioners will kindly restrain the street sprinkler, in a measure, the ensuing season will be one of unequaled activity and enjoyment in the use of the bicycle. Eight mounted bicycle policemen protect the rights of the wheelmen, drivers and pedes- trians, and after a while even the Jehus of the Merchants' delivery wagons will be brought into subjection through frequent and judicious arrests and forced to abandon reck- less and dangerous driving of their steeds, which has hitherto much imperilled human life, personal security and the pursuit of happiness. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 19G COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. DEPEW AND BUFFALO. Fall River's loss is Buffalo's gain. Oue of the largest cotton mills in Fall River, Mass. , has determined to move to Buffalo, or what is substantially Buffalo — the village of De- pew, on the eastern outskirts of the big city and connected therewith by trolley. These mills employ between 350 and 400 hands, and Chauncey M. Depew is in this concern a heavy stockholder ; many prominent Buffalo - nians are also interested in the new mills, and there will be no lack of energy or capital to keep them going and make them successful. Lancaster & Depew Trolley. An electric- light system has just been established in the pretty suburb of Lancaster, and the superbly ballasted road running between Buffalo and that village will inaugurate, within a few days, a twenty-minute service between 7.00 a. m. and 11.00 p. m. Buffalo's Business Exchanges : The Mer- chants' Exchange, the Builders' Exchange, the Lumber Exchange, the Live Stock E x- change, the Real Estate Exchange and the Board of Trade. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. POLITICAL . INFORMATION PERTAINING MAINLY TO THE ELECTION DEPARTMENT OF THE City of Buffalo. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 198 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. ■, rH * s! o< 35 B S °a3 ©iOO t- CO t-*5 ; >>£ £"«f £ 3 COW C CM 3 ■ o 00 _ a5 . °5 ^ ••o c 08 V •** es ^ lO IO 3~ t- Ph p- : Ph »£ WW 3 - j a_ O =>-3 li ©■a Ci 00 . tfl $S ^ s§ •- 3 s?s o mm 6 a OCQ oca e e 1 "3 . $5 00 1 "5 . 3fc 1 ao "3 3>> _ h w 0h Ph~ - < mi rn s © — c 5 u . o State of New York. QDCC CC if if K 6 53 o i 3 13 . C5 e "3 . 1 "3 • 3§ o CO '• £ ■ E E la 9 00 n Ph to Ph eu Ph CI . H "2 s 00 QC 9c 08 08 co'cT Pec OJ i-ifi CO ss 1 Oh — o 3 H Pi &5 U z o Ph to W y. m > Q i— i 00 H a s ID M P > o o s > O o . H p 1 -3 £pa CO Oh 13 ££ THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 199 CONGRESS AND ASSEMBLY. CONGRESS. iSSJ"™"*- 32d District I Mahany j Rung 18,623 3,858 14,765 33d District j Alexander J Richardson .... 27,573 13,070 14,503 ASSEMBLY. 1st District 2d District j McDonnell I Coughlin (Hill j O'Connor j Pee vers 1 Maloney < Schneider . . . 1 Mohring 5,615 5,691 i 76 10,407 ! 6,850 3d District 3,557 4,330 4th District 4,895 3,716 3,623 3.442 3,389 6,258 3,793 4,618 3,036 4,941 3,772 505 93 53 5th District / Streifler j Miller.. 2,465 1,582 6th District 7th District } McConnell. ... £ Steiner 8th District (Blasdell 1 Addington 1,169 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 200 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. 2 5< «o>-■«« cc >cc^t~t~-i , -^w«'»c:cccc Neo«t-rjt»(ooowwcc t-NQOr-ll-CJrHCS'VOaM-'rHI oiji-iflONciooxejmi-iOi'a't-' t~iO«T5MO»'«J-'t- cooco co © cs N t-^ fflXW CON ii-ieoeoo>c 1 a o o o i ■ SOOlWlOi of i-Tt>r -v we»io O3 5DQ0 c*OB^ ! t^ © «o eg (OJi-ii-iCO 5* £5 so SS eoi-i toco ta i-Tsfi-T ■<* ©-<*©ioeocoost>o>t~OJi-i©c©ojcot~»oeot~co»o ssanottc^o o t-^i-^-^r co e»_i-<^© co os_co_c»_»o_ao oo~«o'co'-r4"ec r^^'ocxftdr^^cdoc)oad"i>'or(<"-i-rcNrid'o 1-1 1-llOl-( "<* ^ 1-1 CO TH 1-1 C»'*a)-*NaON«5WTHON«OM««ir-ii-(CO«'9'16N Oi»nvOMN«Ttr-(OMrtONQO«OigiOHMN •so 5 " G > ,-.0 lOfJ-oojM'siNn Tr^OMiownoort i-i ;, i:,. m, 20, 21, 22, 2:5 and 21 Wards. Simon Seibert. Forty-eighth— 4, 5, ;. 8, !», 10, 11, 12. 1:;. I 1 and If. Wards. George A. Davis. Forty-ninth— 17, is and 25 Wards, and all towns in Erie Comity. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 203 ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS. Cornelius Coughlin. First— 1, 2, 3, 6, 19 and 20 Wards. Henry W. Hilt. Second— 15, 21, 22, 23 and 24 Wards. Wm. Maloney. Third— 5, 11 and 14 Wards. Wm. Schneider. Fourth— 4, 8, 9 and 10 Wards. Charles Braun. Fifth— 7, 12, 13 and 16 Wards. Nicholas J. fliller. Sixth— 17, 18 and 25 Wards. Henry L. Steiner. Seventh— The towns of Elma, Manilla, Cheektowaga, Lancaster, Alden, New- stead, Clarence, Amherst, Tonawanda and Grand Island. Herman H. Blasdell. Eighth. — The towns of Collins, Concord, Sardinia, North Collins, Brant, Eden, Evans, Boston, Colden, Holland, Wales, Aurora, East Hamburgh, Ham- burgh and West Seneca, THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 204 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. ELECTIVE OFFICERS OF BUFFALO. Public Servants Chosen Directly by the People, Their Terms of Office. and Aldermen... Councilman . Mayor Comptroller Corp. Counsel Treasurer Supt. of Education Com'r of Pub. Wks. Judge Municl Ct.. Overseer of Poor. . . Police Justice Justice of thePeace INCUMBENT. P Si Supervisors. Constables.. All members... James N. Adam James Ash 4 Michael J. Byrne 4 A. Frank Gorski 4 Andrew J. Keller 4 Christian Klinck. 4 Henry C. Steul . . 4 Chas. H. Utley. . . 4 Henry Zipp 4 Edgar B. Jewett. 4 ErastusC.Knight 4 Chas. L Feldman 1 Philip Gerst 4 Henry P. Emerson 4 Chas. G. Pankow 4 Chas. W. Hinson. 6 Louis Braunlein.. 6 John Arnold 4 Thos. S. King 4 tThomas Murphy 4 Thos.H.Rochford 4 Wallace C. Hill.. 4 Andrew Beasley 6 Nicholas J. Mock 6 Albert H. Beyer 6 Thos. F. Crowley 6 ; Edward G. Voltz 6 All 2 lAll 2 2 yrs. 4 " TERM EXPIRKS. Dec. 31 1897 .. .1 1699* " " 1897* II it 1897* II II 1897* " " 1897* " ,l 1897* II II 1897* II II 1899* It il 1899* II II 1897 II it 1897 II II 1897 " " 1899 II M 1899 11 it 1897 tl it 1899 il it 18ft ii ti 1897 it il 1899 it 11 1897 ii II 1899 II it 1897 tl tl 1897 It ti 1899 .1 it 1899 ti it 1897 1S01 il I. 1897 1897 Councilmen elected in 1897 shall determine by lot, two of their number to hold office for two years, and the others shall hold office for four years. ♦See section 6 of the Revised City Charter. tVice John G. Miller, resigned. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389.138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 205 THE BATTLE OF THE BALLOTS. City and County Officers to be Chosen by the "People," in November, 1897. Mayor, in place of Edgar B. Jewett. Comptroller, in place of Erastus C. Knight. Corporation Counsel, in place of Charles L. Feldman. Commissioner of Public Works, in place of Charles G. Pankow. Overseer of Poor, in place of John Arnold. Assessor, in place of Andrew Beasley. Assessor, in place of Thomas F. Crowley. Judge of Municipal Court, in place of Louis Braunlein. Councilman, in place of Christian Klinck. Councilman, in place of James Ash. Councilman, in place of Michael J. Byrne. Councilman, in place of A. Frank Gorski. Councilman, in place of Andrew J. Keller. Councilman, in place of Henry C. Steul. One Alderman in each of the 25 wards. One Supervisor in each of the 25 wards. One Constable in each of the 25 wards. Justice of the Peace in 25th Ward, in place of Wallace C. Hill. Justice of the Peace, in place of Thomas Murphy. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CiTY IN THE WORLD 206 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. STATE AND COUNTY. Assemblymen, one in each district. Sheriff, in place of George H. Lamy. One Coroner, in place of John R. Kenney. County Clerk, in place of George Bingham. County Treasurer, in place of George Baltz. District Attorney, in place of Daniel J. Kenefick. Superintendent of Poor, in place of Adam Rehm. Keeper of Almshouse, in place of John G. Schlotzer. Justice of Supreme Court, in place of Justice Childs. Election Day, 1897, will be Tuesday, No- vember 2d. Days of Registration in 1897 will be as follows : First day. Friday, October 8th : Second day, Saturday, October 9th; Third day, Friday, October 15th; Fourth day, Satur- day, < October 16th. Hours: 7 a. m. to JO p. m., each day. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT, 1897. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 208 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. 1897. BUFFALO CITY OFFICERS, EDGAR B. JEWETT, Mayor Resideiice, 210 Summer Street. Term expires Jauuary 1, 1H98. DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE. Erastus C. Knight, Comptroller. Residence, 112 Bird Avenue. Term expires January 1. 1898. Philip Gerst, Treasurer. Residence, L833 Niagara street. Term expires January 1, 1900. DEPARTMENT OF LAW Charles L. Feldman, Corporation Counsel. Residence, 159 Riley Street. Term expires Jauuary 1, 18 l J8. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT JN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 209 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS. Charles G. Pankow, President. Elected Commissioner. Residence, 289 William Street. Term expires January 1, 1898. Marcus n. Drake, Appointed Com. Residence, 346 Bouck Avenue. Term expires January 1, 1900. Michael J. Healy, Appointed Com. Residence, 215 Bird Avenne. Term expires January 1, 1901. BUREAU OF ENGINEERING. Edward B. Guthrie, Chief Engineer. Residence, 158 North Pearl Street. Term of office, during pleasure of Department of Public Works. BUREAU OF WATER. Francis G. Ward, Superintendent. Residence, 676 Seventh Street. Term of office, during pleasure of Department of Public Works. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 210 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. BUREAU OF STREETS. Thomas F. Maloney, Superintendent. Residence. 923 Fillmore Aveime. Term of office, during pleasure of Department of Public Works. BUREAU OF BUILDING. John Reimann, Superintendent. Residence, 551 East Utica Street. Term of office, during pleasure of Department of Public Works. DEPARTJ1ENT OF HEALTH. Ernest Wende, M. D. , Health Commissioner. Residence, 471 Delaware Avenue. Term expires January 4. 1902. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Henry P. Emerson, Superintendent of Education. Residence, 122 College Street. Term expires January 1, 1900. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 211 POLICE COURT. Thomas S. King, Police Justice. Residence, 109 Park Street. Term expires January 1, 1900. DEPARTMENT OF POOR. John Arnold, Overseer of Poor. Residence, 1047 Ellicott Street. Term expires January 1, 1898. DEPARTMENT OF ASSESSMENT. ASSESSORS. Thomas F. Crowley, Chairman. Residence 582 Seventh Street. Term expires January 1, 1898. Andrew Beasley. Residence, 16 Hayward Street. Term expires January 1, 1898. Nicholas J. Hock. Residence, 291 Emslie Street. Term expires January 1. 1900 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. 8 BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 212 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Albert H. Beyer. Residence, 532 Ellicott Street, Term expires January 1, 1900. Edward Q. Volz. Residence, 476 West Ferry Street. Term expires January 1, 1902. CITY CLERK. Hark S. Hubbell. Residence, 135 North Pearl Street. Term expires first Monday in January, 1898. FIRE COnniSSIONERS. Jacob Davis, Chairman, Residence, 1320 Main Street. Term expires June, 1898. John F. Malone. Residence, 169 College Street. Term expires June, 1908. W. S. Grattan. Residence, 790 Ellicott Street. Term expires June, 1902. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 213 CLERK OF MARKETS. Jacob n. Roesch. Residence, 613 Oak Street. Term of office, during pleasure of the Mayor. DEPARTMENT OF POLICE. BOARD OF POLICE, CITY OF BUFFALO. Edgar B. Jewett, Pres. ex=officio. Residence, 210 Summer Street. Term expires January 1, 1898. Charles A. Rupp, Commissioner. Residence, 47 East Utica Street. Term expires March 1, 1900. James E. Curtiss, Acting Commissioner. Residence, 408 Richmond Avenue. Term expires March 1, 1899. HUNICIPAL COURT JUDGES Charles W. Hinson. Residence, 172 Eagle Street. Term expires January 1, 1900. THF MOST CFNTRM SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 214 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Louis Braunlein. Residence, 52 Orange Street. Term expires January 1, 1898. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Thomas Murphy. Residence, 478 Front Avenue. Term expires December 31, 1897. Thomas H. Rochford. Residence, 266 Eagle Street. Term expires December 31, 1899. Wallace C. Hill, for the 25th Ward. Residence, 2124 Niagara Street. Term expires December 31, 1897. SEALER OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Office at Police Headquarters. Alfred H. Neal, Chief Residence, 360 Norma] Avenne, Term of Office, during pleasure of Hoard of Police, THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 215 HARBOR MASTER. Office, Ohio Street, near Main Street. Robt. C. Soper. Residence, 307 Highland Avenue. Term of Office, two years. Term expires March 1, Appointed by Mayor. OIL INSPECTOR (Civil Service. ) Michael J. Noonan. Residence, 156 Mackinaw Street. EXAHINER OF STATIONARY ENGINEERS. Office, Municipal Building, Room No. 22. Fred C. Riester. Residence, 152 Pine Street. Term of office, during pleasure of Mayor. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 216 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. INSPECTOR OF STEAM BOILERS. Office, Municipal Building, Room No. 22. George Reil. Residence, 384 Madison Street. Term of office, three years; expires April 12, 1898. Appoiuted by the Mayor. MEMBERS OF THE EXAMINING AND SUPERVISING BOARD OF PLUMB= ERS AND PLUMBING. (Appointed by the Mayor.) Office, Municpal Building, Room No. 1. Samuel H. Wright. Term «>t' office expires December 31, 1899. Jacob L. Mensch. Term of office expires December 81, 1897. Charles B. Huck Term of office expires December 81, 1898. IHE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138- CITY OF BUFFALO. 217 OFFICERS AND EilPLOYES OF THK CITY OF BUFFALO. 1897. MAYOR'S DEPARTT1ENT. Mayor. salary. Edgar B. Jewett $5,000 Secretary to Hay or. Charles A. White 2,000 License Clerk. JohnG. Wilcox 1,200 Stenographer. Jas. W. Murphy 720 Detective and Messenger. George B. Krug 900 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. L'18 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. COMPTROLLER'S DEPARTMENT. Comptroller. Erastus C. Knight $4,000 Deputy. Willis P. Fiske 2,000 Chief Bookkeeper. Frank T. Monlton 1,600 Assistant Bookkeepers. Edward H. Jones 900 Isaac R. Noble 900 George B. Curren 900 Statement and Warrant Clerks. Edward D. Peters 1, 100 Charles P. Lytle, Assistant 1,000 Albert G. Fellner, 2d Assistant. . . . 900 Recording Clerk. Frank F. Elliott 900 Market Accounts Clerk. William W. Wallheiser 900 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 219 Countersigning Clerk. Frank F. Walsh $800 Tax Sale Clerks. Peter W. Taylor 1,500 F. J. Lesswing 1,000 Clerks of Arrears Henry H. Matteson 1,000 Bond and Insurance Clerk. JohnF. Diehl 900 Clerks. Thomas Cassidy 900 H. C. Fiske 800 Stenographer. Thomas E. KeUy 720 AUDITOR'S DEPARTMENT. Auditor (appointed by the Comptroller). Anselm J. Smith $2,000 Clerk. David A. Seymour 1, 100 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 220 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. TREASURER'S DEPARTflENT. City Treasurer. Philip Gerst $5,000 Deputy. Charles H. Schwenk 2,000 Cashier. E. W. Seymour 1,500 Paying Teller. Alfonso G. Feth 1,500 Henry J. Baker 1,500 Bookkeeper. Eugene B. Penney 1,200 Assistant Bookkeeper. William F. Pfeiffer 1,000 Warrant Clerk. Jacob ( terst, ,Tr 1,000 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. Buffalo has a proven population of 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 221 Clerks. George Giess $900 Frank Maischoss 900 E. J. Prouty 900 J. J. Donovan 900 William Roth 900 DEPARTMENT OF LAW. Corporation Counsel. Charles L. Feldman $5,000 City Attorney. James L. Quaekenbush 3,000 Assistant City Attorney Edward R. O'Malley 2,500 Deputy Attorney. Geo. P. Keating 2,000 Managing Clerk. Chas. F. Kingsley 1,400 Clerk. Albert H. Jackson 1,200 THE HOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 222 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Stenographers Miss Edith Sisson $900 Herbert C. Willet 900 Detective. Jacob Springweiler 900 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS. Commissioners. Charles G. Pankow, Chairman $5,000 Marcus M. Drake 5,000 Michael J. Healy 5,000 Secretary. R. G. Parsons $2,000 Assistant Secretary. A. A. Thompson 1,500 Cashier. J. C. W. Daly 1,500 Stenographer. Isabel K. O'Connor 900 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 223 BUREAU OF ENGINEERING. Chief Engineer. Edward B. Guthrie $3,000.00 Assistant Chief Engineer. Harry T. Buttolph, per month. . . 208.33 Assistants. Charles E. P. Babcock, per month 133.33 Charles F. Fell, per month 133.33 Alexander W. Hoffman, per month 133. 33 George H. Norton, per month 133. 33 F. V. E. Bardol, per month 133. 33 H. J. March, per month 133.33 Charles H. Tntton, per month.... 133.33 Levelers. George T. Roberts, per month 100.00 L. H. Rathman, per month 100.00 L. W. Eighmy, per month 100.00 Louis Leitze, per month . 100.00 Joseph Ditto, per month 100.00 J. A. Vandewater, per month .... 100.00 Jerry Donavan, per month 100.00 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 224 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Superintendent of Street Work. Daniel Collins, Sup'tSt. Rep 'rs.. $1,500. 00 Clerks. John A. Bodamer( chief), per month 125.00 Wm. Messing, per month 83. 33 Charles A. Perry, per month 83. 33 Sidewalk Clerk. William O. Peck, per month 100.00 Stenographer. J. M. Alexandre 900. 00 Draughtsman F. J. Tresise, per month s< >. I K I Rod and Axe Hen. Sixteen, each per month 75.00 General Inspector. O. F. Whitford, per month 100.00 Inspectors of House Connections. Jacob Hager, per (linn 3.00 J. J. Purcell, per diem 3.00 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 225 Inspector of General Repairs. William Meyers, per diem $3. 00 Keeper of Inlets. Edward Rowland, per mouth 50. 00 Inspector of Dredging. Wm. Cochrane, per diem 3. 00 BUREAU OF WATER. Office, Municipal Building. Superintendent. Francis G. Ward $3,000 Louis H. Knapp, Assistant Supt. and Engineer 2, 500 A. G. Frankenstein, Registrar .... 1,500 A. W. Guild, Cashier 1,200 Jas. G. Harrington, Asst. Cashier. 1,000 W. Bruner, Bookkeeper 1,000 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 226 COMMON COUNCIL MANTJAX. Clerks. Stanley E. Curtin $900 Frank S. Smith 900 J. W. Messing 900 Thos. W. Bishop 900 Max Geiger 900 W. D. Fitzpatriek 900 A. E. Oehler 900 16 Inspectors, per month . . 66 Storehouse. C. E. Richardson, Foreman of Re- pairs 1 , 500 M. M. Hollenbeck, Foreman of Extensions 1,000 G. H. Chambers, Storekeeper 900 George Schneider, Plumber, per month 80 John Collins, Plumber's helper, per month 45 Herman W. Lindeke, Carpenter, per month 65 Wm. Gorski, Carpenter's helper, per month 45 Henry Layer, Foreman of Stables, per month 65 Bernard Zittrell, Stableman 45 M. Lynett, Teamster, per month . . 50 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 227 Storehouse— Continued. John Fisher, Watchman, per month $50 H. Zurbrick, Blacksmith, per month G5 John Meissner, Blacksmith's helper 40 J. Fisher, Teamster, per day 2 George Wasmuth, Tapper, per month 70 E. Silvey, Tapper, per month 70 George Haeffner, Ass't Tapper 45 Wm. Connolly, Ass't Tapper 45 Foreman of Leaks, per month 75 Foreman of Valves, per month .... 65 Foreman of Hydrants, per month . . 65 23 Repairers, per month 55 One Laborer at Storehouse, per month 50 Pumping Station. Patrick Brennan, Chief Engineer|2,000.00 One Clerk to Engineer 720. 00 Nine Engineers, each 1,050.00 Six Firemen, per day 2. 25 24 Firemen, per day 2.00 One Oiler, per day 2. 00 Five Oilers, etc., per day 1.50 10 Wipers, per month 40. 00 Four Boiler-cleaners, per month 40.00 Two Machinists, per day 2. 50 Two Machinists' helpers, per month 40.00 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 228 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Pumping Station.— Continued. One Carpenter, per month $65.00 One Carpenter's helper, per month 45.00 Three Reservoir Keepers, per month 45.00 Two Keepers, Inlet Pier, per month 50.00 BUREAU OF STREETS Superintendent. Thomas F. Maloney $3,000. 00 First Assistant and Acting Supt. L. J. Baitz, per month 125.00 Second Assistant Superintendent. Samuel Wolffsohn,per month 85.00 Clerks. R. H. Parsons, Chief, per month 100.00 Joseph D. Hanrahan, per month 75.00 Daniel E. Mahoney 75. 00 John Riley 75.00 Henry H. Edson JHX). 00 Stenographer. Josephine A. Hanavan, per month 75.00 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF £g§,13g. CITY OF BUFFALO. BUREAU OF BUILDING. 229 General Inspector. Wm. Henderson, per month . . $83.33 Inspectors of Lamps. E. H. Sigison, per month 83.33 Street and Health Inspectors. John Barry, per month 65.00 R. J. Bnrchfield, per month . . . 65.00 Henry A. Miller, per month . . . 65.00 John N. Snyder, per month . . . 65.00 Timothy Clifford, per month . . . 65.00 Benj. F. Van Ame, per month. 65.00 Thomas Burton, per month 65.00 John F. Dreger, per month 65.00 George W. Ebbs, per month . . . 65.00 John Devine, per month 65.00 M. F. Hutchinson, per month . 65.00 John Shalloe, per month 65.00 Ruf us T. Byrne, per month 65.00 Superintendent. John Reimann $3,000. 00 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 230 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Assistant Superintendent. John Kirchgasser $1,500.00 Chief Clerk. Thad. W. Gardiner 1, 200. 00 Permit Clerk. Ellsworth N. Croll 900.00 Registrar. Henry W. Nachbar 1,200.00 Inspectors. Howard L. Beck 1,000.00 Albert C. Wnnseh 1,000.00 F. C. Bergholz 1,000.00 Thomas F. Carmody 1 ,000.00 John J. Kavany 1,000.00 \Ym. F. Meyer (coal), per diem 3.00 Structural Engineer. Win. G. Houck 1,500.00 MUNICIPAL BUILDING. Janitors. John F. Townsend, per month. ..$83.33 Engineer (one), per month r5.00 Fireman (one,) per month 58.88 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138- CITY OF BUFFALO. 231 Janitors. — Continued. Porters (two) each, per month $50.00 Night watchman (one), per month. 62.50 Elevator Conductor ( one ) , per month 35. 42 Scrub Women (eight), each, per day 1.00 BOARD OF HEALTH. The Mayor, Edgar B. Jewett (ex-officio). Charles G. Pankow, President Depart- ment of Public Works. Ernest Wende, M. D. , Health Commis- sioner, Chairman. August Schneider, Secretary. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. Health Commissioner. Ernest Wende, M. D -$4, 000 Assistant Health Officer. Walter D. Greene, M. D 2,000 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD iS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, the fourth commercial city in the world. 232 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Clerk Department of Health. August Schneider $1,500 Registrar Vital Statistics. Franklin C. Gram, M. D 1,200 Clerks. Charles Diebold, Jr 000 Leon S. Barnard 000 Stenographer and Clerk. Stephen W. Bateson 900 City Chemist. Herbert M. Hill, M. D 1,000 Inspector Food and Supplies and Drugs. W. H. Heath, M. D 1 ,000 Bacteriologist. William G. Bisscll, M. D 1,500 Assistant Bacteriologist. Thomas B. Carpenter 1,200 Tenement and Lodging House Inspector. D. J. Constantine, M. D 1,000 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 233 Sanitary Inspectors. James,D. Wood $1,000 J. W. Van Peyma 1,000 Joseph H. Carley 1.000 Frederick B. Willard, M. D 1,000 Frank B. Smering 1,000 Inspector of Plumbing and Drainage. Dean Wilson 1,400 Assistant Inspectors Plumbing and Drainage. John J. Boyne 1,200 William H. White 1,200 John McGorey 1,200 Charles S. Webster 1,200 Peter J. Lynch 1,200 Cattle Inspector. John Rast 1,500 Assistant Cattle Inspector. Henry A. Munzert 1,000 City Scavenger. Philip Bnettner 900 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 234 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Keeper Quarantine Hospital A. T. O'Hara, M. D $1,200.00 Fumigating and Placarding. Charles Kittling, per day 2. 50 City Physicians. George F. Cott, M.D. .1st District 500.00 D. W. C. Greene, M.D. 2d " 400.00 A. W. Baylies, M. D...3d " 400.00 G. W. Lewis, Jr. , M. D . 4th ' ' 450. 00 H. G. Beritz, M.D 5th " 400.00 William Hoddick, M. D. Gtli ' ' 400. 00 E. C. Waldurff, M. D . . 7th ' ' 400. 00 J. A. Hoffmeyer, M. D. . 8th ' ' 250. 00 E. A. Fisher, M. D. , Homoeo- pathic, East Side Main Street 200.00 Geo. R. Stearns, M.D. , Homoeo- pathic, West Side Main Street 200.00 DEPARTflENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. School Examiners. (Ofli»v in Austin Building, corner of Eagle and Franklin Streets. Appointed by the Mayor. ) Henry Altaian $500 Term expires February 3, 1901. Conrad Diehl $500 Term expires February 3, 1902. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 235 School Examiners — Continued. Lilly Lord Tiff t $500 Term expires February 3, 1900. Timothy J. Mahoney 500 Term expires February 3, 1899. Seward A. Simous 500 Term expires February 3, 1898. Chas. C. Morey, Secretary 1,200 Superintendent of Education. Henry P. Emerson 5,000 Secretary and Superintendent of German. Matthew J. Chemnitz 2, 500 Clerks. William J. Strong 1,400 William J. Bnrke 1,200 William M. Mumm, Stenographer 900 Attendance Officers. Central District— Chas. F. Reif.. 850 S. E. District— Lonis Trost 850 S. W. District— Ralph Courter... 850 N. E. District— Robert F. Wegener 850 N. W. District— Alfred Brener... 850 Teachers. One 2,500 Three, each 2,000 One 1,800 Twenty-eight, each 1,600 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 236 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Teachers — Continued. Two, each $1,550 Fifteen, each 1,500 Seven, each 1,400 Four, each 1,300 One 1,250 Four, each 1,200 One 1,100 Five, each 1,000 One 950 Three, each 900 Nine, each 850 Six, each 800 Eleven, each 750 Sixty-two, each 700 Five, each 650 Six hundred and forty-three, each . 600 Two hundred and seventy-eight, each $400 to 600 Janitors. One $1,700 One 1,500 Two, each 1,300 One 1,250 Two, each 1,200 One 1,100 One 1,075 Two, "each 1,050 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 237 Janitors— Con tinned. Three, each $1,000 Five, each 950 Three, each 900 Two, each 850 Six, each 800 Two, each 750 Three, each 700 Two, each 650 Two, each 600 One 550 Five, each 500 Three, each 400 Three, each 350 Three, each 300 Three, each 250 One 225 One 220 Thirteen, each 200 One 192 One 175 One 170 Seven, each 150 One 125 One 120 One 108 Seven, each 100 Two, each 50 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD 238 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. DEPARTMENT OF POOR. Overseer. John Arnold $3,500 Deputy. L. J. Kenngott 1,500 Clerks. John Dietzer 900 Charles McBean 900 John J. Aeschbach 900 Charles J. Baker 900 Janitress. Clara Gardner 200 DEPARTMENT OF ASSESSMENT. Assessors. Thomas P. Crowley (Chairman) |3,500 Albert ELB >yer I Seer fcary i 3,500 Andrew B< asley . 8,500 Nicholas .1. Mock 8,500 Edward G. Volz . 8,500 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. ■ 239 Clerks. Joseph Mayer (Chief) $1,500 Charles H. Scheu 1,000 Geo. A. Halbin (Draughtsman) .. . 960 Matthew Ludwig 900 Philip J. Stalter 900 Clark N. Leonard 900 Daniel F. Manley 900 Charles Gaetz, Jr 900 Daniel P. Murphy 900 Henry G. Sauter 900 John Volz 900 J. H. Short 900 CITY CLERK'S DEPARTMENT. City Clerk. Mark S. Hubbell $2,500 Deputy. Charles F. Susdorf 2,000 Chief Clerk. Alexander Kirsch 1,500 Warrant Clerk. C. J. Fitzpatriek 1,200 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 240 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Assistant Warrant Clerk. John Johnston $1,000 General Clerk. Charles F. Stillman 1,000 Index Clerk. Charles O. Backman 900 Clerk. Frank H. La Montague 900 DEPARTMENT OF FIRE. Commissioners. Jacob Davis, Chairman, per session |5.00 Wm. N. Smith, per session 5.00 Wm. S. Grattan, per session 5.00 John Weiss, Secretary 1,500 E. C. O'Brien, Surgeon 1,500 Chief of Department. Bernard J. McConnell 8,000 Assistant Chief of Department. Edward P. Murphy 3,300 Battalion Chiefs. Five, each 1,600 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 241 Headquarters Staff. One Master Mechanic f 1,500 One Chief Operator 1,800 Three Operators, each 1,100 One Line Repairer 1, 100 Two Linemen, each 900 One Superintendent of Horses 1,400 Captains. Thirty-eight, each 1,100 Lieutenants. Forty, each 950 Engineers. Thirty-one, each 1,000 Firemen, First Grade. Two hundred and twenty-five, each 900 Firemen, Second Grade. Thirty-eight, each 800 Pilots, Fire Boat, four, each 1,100 Substitutes. Thirty-nine, each 600 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO. THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 242 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. DEPARTMENT OF POLICE. BOARD OF POLICE. Commissioners. Edgar B. Jewett (Ex-officio) $500 James E. Curtiss, Acting Com'r. . . 2,500 Charles A. Rupp 2,500 Superintendent W. S. Bull 3,500 Assistant Superintendent. Patrick V. Cusack 2,500 Clerk Board of Police. Charles O. Hertel 1,200 Stenographer. Charles E. Knowles 1,000 Surgeon. Joseph Fowler 1,500 Superintendent of Electrical Department. Thomas J. Welch 1,500 Clerk to Superintendent of Police. Frank Y. Parsons 1,200 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 243 Chief Clerk and Operator. Thomas O'Brian $1,400 Assistant Clerk and Operator. George A. Schmidt 1,000 Detectives. Fifteen, each 1,200 Captains. Thirteen, each 1,400 Precinct Specials. Twenty-six, each 1,000 Sergeants. Thirty-nine, each 950 Doormen. Thirty-nine, each 900 Operators Patrol Signal System. Eight, each 900 Patrolmen. Three hundred and thirty-nine, each 900 Ninety, each 800 Thirty-seven, each 720 One Conductor of Prison Van 950 One Conductor of Prison Van 900 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. 9 BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 244 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Hostlers. Six, each $720 Janitress. Oue 1,800 Janitresses. Two, each 860 Three, each 400 One 450 Six, each 500 Drivers of Patrol Wagons. Twenty -four, each 900 SEALERS OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Chief. Alfred H. Neal $2,000 Assistants. Charles Henafelt 1,000 Adolf Karl 1,000 Engineers. Two, each 900 Matrons. Three, each 600 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 245 Watchman. One $540 Interpreter Police Court. One 900 Linemen. Three, each 720 Batteryman. One 540 Laborer. One 540 JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT. MUNICIPAL COURT JUDGES. Charles W. Hinson $4,000 Louis Braunlein 4,000 Clerk. Harry O. Green 1,300 Deputy. Charles H. Gosrow 1, 100 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 246 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Special Deputies. Thomas W. Nisell $900 Warren F. Hedstrom 900 Richard F. Conghlin 900 Stenographers. Frederick Denny 1,200 Edwin E. Webb 1,200 POLICE COURT. Justice. Thomas S. King $5,000 Clerk. Charles B. Sherwood 1,200 Deposition Clerk. Alfred C. Scheu 1,000 Janitress. Emma Johnson 300 Justices to the Police. Thomas Murphy 1 , 800 Thomas H. Rochford 1,600 Wallace C. Hill 1,200 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY* BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 247 TELEPHONE NUflBERS CITY OFFICES. Assessors — Seneca 1181. Auditor — Seneca 532. Board of Health — Seneca 80. Bureau of Building — Seneca 246. Bureau of Engineering — Seneca 510. Bureau of Streets — Seneca 620. Bureau of Water — Seneca 176-A. City Chemist— Tupper 330. City Clerk— Seneca 532. Comptroller — Seneca 740. Corporation Counsel — Seneca 650. Department of Public Works— Seneca 1384. Examiner of Engineers — Seneca 58. Excise Department — Seneca 961. Fire Department — Seneca 640. Grade Crossing Commission — Seneca 1165. Inspector of Steam Boilers — Seneca 58. Mayor — Seneca 548. Municipal Court — Seneca 429. Overseer of the Poor — Seneca 906. Park Commissioners — Seneca 1419. Police Department — Seneca 514. Superintendent of Education — Seneca 180. Treasurer — Seneca 1430. THE CHEAPEST POWEK IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 248 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. COMMON COUNCIL. OFFICERS: President Board of Aldermen. Jacob Kissinger $1,000 President Board of Councilmen. Christian Klinck 1,000 President Common Council. Ohas. P. Woltz 1,000 City Clerk. Mark S. Hubbell 3,500 Deputy City Clerk Charles F. Susdorf 2,000 BOARD OF ALDERHEN AND COMMON COUNCIL. Sergeant=at-Arms. Jobu Fraas. per session $3.00 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. 8UFFAL0 HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138- CITY OF BUFFALO. 249 Hessenger. Orvis Laurence, per session $1.75 BOARD OF COUNCILnEN. Sergeant=at=Arms. Nicholas Dwyer, per session 3.00 Messenger. John Fraas, per session 1.75 ALDERriEN. Twenty-five, each 1,000 COUNCILHEN. Nine, each 1,000 Terms of office of following officers during pleasure of nayor. Clerk of the Markets. Jacob M. Roesch $1,800 THE CHEAPEST PQWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 250 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Assistant Clerks of the Markets. John Mock, Elk Street |900 Edward J. Tourney, Elk Street. ... 800 Philip Klippel, Washington 900 Charles B. Umpleby, Washington. . 800 Julius Smith, Clinton Street 800 Anthony Stabeuau, Broadway 900 Examiner of Stationary Engineers. Fred C. Riester 1,500 Inspector of Steam Boilers. George Reil 1,500 (Term, three years.) Assistant. Henry Kumpf 1,000 Inspector of Oils. (Civil Service.) Michael J. Noonau Fees Harbor Haster. Robert C. Soper 1,500 (Term, two years.) THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 251 Assistant. John F. Eagan Honor Bridge Tenders. (Civil Service.) Twelve, each $600 Poundkeeper. (Civil Service.) H. M. Wright 400 Keepers of Bathing Houses. (Civil Service.) M. J. Sullivan 300 John Foley 300 Keeper Public Bath House. Cornelins O'Brien. natron. Mrs. Mary O'Brien. Keeper of Howard Cemetery. Patrick Burke. Official Printer— 1897. The Wenborne- Sumner Co. Official Paper. The Buffalo Courier. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 252 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. DEPARTMENT OF PARKS Commissioners. His Honor, the Mayor, ex-officio. Andrew Laugdon. John Guenther. William S. Wicks. Louis Zittel. Norman W. Ransom. Terms expire May 1, 1900. Richard Hammond. Charles R. Huntley. John Hughes. Nathan Wolff. Robert M. Harding. Terms expire May 1, 1902. Bronson C. Rumsey. Britain Holmes. David F. Day. William Hengerer. Ottomar Reinecke. Term expires May 1, 1898. OFFICERS. William Hengerer, President. Secretary and Treasurer. George H. Selkirk $l ,sno Superintendent. William McMillan 3,000 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 253 Auditor and Paymaster. J. L. Brothers $1,500 Botanical Director. John F. Cowell 1,600 STANDING COfiniTTEES OF THE BOARD OF PARK COfiniSSIONERS. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. William Hengerer, Chairman. John Hughes. Britain Holmes. Andrew Langdon. David F. Day. Robert M. Harding. COMMITTEE ON GROUNDS AND ROADS. Andrew Langdon. John Hughes. Bronson C. Ruinsey. David F. Day. Ottoinar Reinecke. COMMITTEE ON BUILDINGS. Britain Holmes. Norman W. Ransom. William S. Wicks. John Guenther. Richard Hammond. AUDITING COMMITTEE. John Hughes. Andrew Langdon. Nathan Wolff. John Guenther. Charles R. Huntley. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 254 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. COnniTTEE ON BOTANICAL AND ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. David F. Day. Robert M. Harding. Ottomar Reiuecke. Nathan Wolff. Norman W. Ransom. COMMITTEE ON MUSIC. Robert M. Harding. William S. Wicks. Louis Zittel. COMiYIISSIONERS OF JURORS. Willis H. Meads, Commissioner. Henry H. Seymour, Dep. Commissioner. CITY AND COUNTY HALL DEPARTHENT. Trustees. Lyman M. Baker, Chairman. Henry BreihviesiT. P. R. Whaley. John G. Milburn. Robert B. Foote. Henry Y. Bisgood. Secretary. ( Jarl T. Chester $G00 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OP BUFFALO. 255 Superintendent. W. F. Fisher, per year $2,000 Three Janitors and Floormen, each, per month 60 One extra Janitor and Floorman, per month 55 Three laborers, each, per month. . . 50 Engineers. James M. Rowley, per year 1,400 One Assistant, per year 1,000 Two, Firemen, each, per month .... 55 One Watchman, per month 65 Twenty-two Charwomen, each, per day 1 Two Elevator Conductors, each, per month 36 One Cabinet Repairer, per month. . 75 GRADE CROSSING COnniSSlON. R. B. Adam, Chairman. W. J. Morgan. F. Kendall. A. F. Scheu. E. H. Butler. C. A. Sweet. George Sandrock. James Ryan. H. D. Kirkover. J. B. Weber. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 256 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF BUFFALO. Charles B. Wheeler, Chairman. William B. Dickinson, Secretary. Florence M. Cowan, Stenographer. Commissioners. Eugene S. Simpson. Chauncey P. Smith. Chas. Mosier. P. W. Van Peyma, M.D. John Coleman. Fred D. Lewis, M.D. William F. Strasmer. Charles B. Wheeler. George A. Ricker. Joseph B. Mayer. John B. Olmstead. Henry W. Sprague. Henry C. Bnswell, M.D. George C. Fox. W. D. Young, M.D. Number of School Teachers on pay roll 1,122 Number of Pupils registered at be= ginning of school year, Septem- ber, 1896 52,157 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OP BUFFALO. 257 CITY OFFICIALS GIVING BONDS AND THE AMOUNTS THEREOF. Comptroller $100,000 Deputy Comptroller 50,000 Auditor 5,000 Tax Sale Clerks, each 5,000 Treasurer 200,000 Deputy Treasurer 40,000 Receiving Teller 20,000 Paying Tellers, Treasurer's office, each 20,000 Assessors, each 5,000 Corporation Counsel 5,000 Attorney 3,000 City Clerk 5,000 Police Commissioners, each 5,000 Superintendent of Police 5,000 Assistant Superintendent of Police. . . 2,500 Clerk of Police 5,000 Sealer of Weights and Measures 5,000 Assistant Sealers of Weights and Measures, each 5,000 Health Commissioner 5,000 Commissioners of Public Works, each 10,000 Cashier, Department of Public Works 10,000 Superintendent of Streets 5,000 Superintendent of Building 5,000 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 258 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Water Superintendent $10,000 Secretary and Treasurer Park Com- missioners 10,000 Superintendent of Education 5,000 Overseer of the Poor 5,000 Deputy Overseer of the Poor 2,500 Police Justice 3,000 Justices of the Peace, each 2,000 Clerk of the Markets 10,000 Assistants at Markets, each 2,000 Harbor Master 1 ,000 Inspector of Steam Boilers 5,000 Examiner of Stationary Engineers. . . 5,000 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. CITY MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. Terms Expire January 1, 1898. Ward i R John A. Smith 2 D William H. Ryan 3 R Robert Gilkinson 4 D John J. Collins 5 D Thomas Scully 6 R Frank Klipfel 7 R ... Charles E. Dennstedt 8 R Lonis G. Roedel 9 D George Hendler io R . . William Darmstadter ii D Jacob Okoniewski 12 R John Heintz 13 R Martin Hasselbeck 14 R Louis C. Dedo 15 R George F. Aberth 16 R Philip Erbes 17 R George Ruel 18 R Louis Zumstein 19 D James D. Wilson 20 R John Fisher 21 R Charles Lanker 22 R George F. Young 23 R Neil McEachren 24 R Thomas Tilson 25 R Charles P. Brandel THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 260 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. THE POLICE CENSUS. Taken by Precincts, by Patrolmen, after the Spring Exodus, in Three Days, and Reported to the Common Council May 6, 1895, Gave Buffalo a Population of 335.709. The result of the enumeration by precincts is as follows : Precinct No. 1, inhabitants 20,587 "2, " 23,192 "3, " 25,975 " 4, " 36,238 "5, " 28,307 "6, •« 31,478 "7, " 19,203 " 8, " 63,654 "9, " 9,761 "10, " 23,362 " ii, " 12,666 "12, " 29,633 "13, " 11,653 Total 335,709 Estimated number non -enumerated, because always absent from the city on Lake, Canal. Railway Con- tract and other work between May 1st and October 1st, families! moving into the country for the Slimmer, and others . . 20,000 Accretion 1895 to 1896 estimated . . 20,000 Grand Total 375,709 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 261 THE EXCISE COMMISSION. APPOINTED UNDER CHAPTER 112 OF THE LAWS OF 1896, KNOWN AS THE RAINES LAW. 1. Daniel O'Grady, Special Deputy Coniissioner of Excise for Erie Comity $2,000 2. Maurice F.Liudquist, Confidential Clerk 1,500 3. Fred. O. Murray, Cashier 1,900 4. Andrew T. Kurtz, Assistant Cashier 1, 500 5. James F. Loftus, Auditor 1,300 6. George A. Woodward, Stenographer 1,200 7. Josiah S. McLaughlin, Bookkeeper 1,200 8. George E. Gaige 1,200 Specials Agents. 9. Jacob Pfauner 1,200 10. Robert W. Larkin 1,200 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 262 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. COUNTY OFFICIALS. Terms of Office of Various Elective Positions in the City Government. County Judge 6 years. Surrogate 6 " ♦Sheriff 3 " ♦Coroner 3 " *County Clerk 3 " *County Treasurer 3 " ♦District Attorney 3 " ♦Superintendent of Poor 3 " County Auditor 4 " Keeper of the Penitentiary 3 " ♦Alms House Keeper 3 " ♦Supreme Court Judge 14 " The offices marked above by a star are those for which incumbents will be selected at the election of 1897, successful candidates taking their offices on January 1st, 1898. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 263 CONSTABLES. First Ward John Conway Second Ward James Kane Third Ward William H. Griven Fourth Ward Frank J. Pinker Fifth Ward James Moran Sixth Ward Gurdon I. Ingersoll Seventh Ward Marcus Cohen Eighth Ward Frederick Yerstraaten Ninth Ward Herman Geissler Tenth Ward William Krangel Eleventh Ward Lawrence T. Jamieson Twelfth Ward George Scheter Thirteenth Ward John M. Strabel Fourteenth Ward Hemy J. Schwendler Fifteenth Ward W. A. Wilson Sixteenth Ward Charles H. Handwerk Seventeenth Ward Josiah Woodward Eighteenth Ward Charles T. Linke Nineteenth Ward James Southard Twentieth Ward Carl Anderson Twenty-first Ward Lorenzo Kent Twenty-second Ward William H. Craig Twenty-third Ward Robert H. Anderson Twenty -fourth Ward Robert A. Locke Twenty-fifth Ward George D. Feagles THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 264 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. LOCATION OF POLICE STATION HOUSES AND BOUNDARIES OF PRECINCTS. No. i — Comer Franklin and Seneca streets. Boundary. — South Michigan and Michigan street to Eagle, to Niagara, to Virginia, to the intersection of the south-westerly con- tinuation of Virginia street and the westerly line of the State of New York, thence south- easterly along said line to its intersection with a continuation of the southerly line of South Michigan street. No 2 — 403 Seneca street. Boundary. — Michigan street from Hamburg Canal to Clinton street, to Fillmore avenue, to Smith, to Perry, to Hamburgh, to Ham- burgh Canal, to Michigan street. No. 3 — 125 Pearl street. Boundary. — Niagara street from Eagle to Virginia, to Elmwood, to North, to .Michigan, to Eagle, to Niagara street. No. 4 — Corner Sycamore and Ash Btreets. Boundary. — Michigan street, from Clinton to North, to Jefferson, to Clinton, to Michigan street. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 265 No. 5 — Corner Emily and Delavan avenue. Boundary. — Elmwood avenue from Utica street to Forest avenue, to Delaware, to centre line of Park Lake, along the centre line of Park Lake and Scajaquada Creek and the westerly continuation thereof to its intersec- tion with the westerly line of the State of New York, along said State Line to its inter- section with the westerly continuation of the centre line of Massachusetts street, along said line and Massachusetts street to Forest avenue to Rhode Island street, to Utica to Elmwood avenue. No. 6 — 1444 Main street. Boundary. — North street from Elmwood to Jefferson street, to Best, to Roehrer, to Ferry, to Humboldt Parkway, to East Delavan, to City Line, to Delaware, to Forest, to Elm- wood, to North. No. 7 — 355 Louisiana street. Boundary.— Michigan and South Michigan streets to the Hamburgh Canal, to Hamburgh, to Perry, to Smith, to Buffalo Creek, to L. S. & M. S. R. R. tracks, to City Line, along said City Line and westerly extension thereof to its intersection with the south-westerly line of the State of New York, along said State THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 266 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. Line to its intersection with the southerly extension of the centre line of South Michigan street. No. 8—484 William street. Boundary. — Clinton street from Jefferson to Babcock, to William, tinner northerly to the "Y, " following the "Y" and the Belt Line tracks to Sycamore, to Jefferson, to Clinton street, No. 9 — Corner Seneca and Babcock streets. Boundary. — Clinton street from the City Line to Fillmore avenue, to Smith, to Buffalo River, to L. S. & M. S. R. R. tracks, to City Liue, to Clinton street. No. io — 566 Niagara street. Boundary. — Virginia from River Front to Elmwood, to Utica, to Rhode Island, to Front, to Massachusetts, to the westerly line of the State of New York, along said line to its in- tersection with a continuation of the westerly line of Virginia street, No. n — Corner Broadway and Bailey ave- nue. Boundary. — Clinton street City Line, to Babcock, to William, north to the"Y, " along THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 267 the "Y" and Belt Line to Sycamore, to Walden, to City Line, to Clinton street. No. 12—1186 Genesee street. Boundary. — Walden avenue frorn City Line to Sycamore, to Jefferson, to Best, to Roehrer, to Ferry, to Humboldt Parkway, to East Delavan, to City Line, to Walden avenue. No. 13 — Comer Austin and Joslyn streets. Boundary. — Delaware avenue from the City Line to center line of Park Lake and Scaja- quada Creek, to westerly line of State of New York, to westerly continuation of City Line, along City Line, to Delaware avenue. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 2G8 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. WARD BOUNDARIES. 1st Ward. — Bounded by Exchange, Louisi- ana streets, Center line of Louisiana street extended, Lake Erie, Buffalo River and Main street, 2d Ward. — Bounded by Exchange, Red Jacket, Elk streets, Indian Reservation Line Buffalo River and Louisiana street. 3d Ward.— Bounded by Eagle, Cedar, Swan, Spring streets, Myrtle avenue, Jeffer- son, Exchange and Main streets. 4th Ward.— Bounded by Eagle street, Fill- more avenue, Seneca street, Indian Reserva- tion Line, Elk, Red Jacket, Exchange, Jeffer- son street, Myrtle avenue, Spring, Swan and Cedar streets. 5th Ward.— Bounded by Buffalo River, Indian Reservation Line, Seneca street, Fill- more Parkway, Clinton street, East City Line, South City Line, Lake Erie and Louisi- ana street extended. 6th Ward.— Bounded by Goodell, Michi- gan, Eagle and Main streets. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 269 7th Ward. — Bounded by Broadway, Pratt, Eagle and Michigan streets. 8th Ward. — Bounded by Broadway, Adams, Eagle and Pratt streets. 9th Ward. — Bounded by Broadway, Fill- more Parkway, William and Adams streets. ioth Ward. — Bounded by William street, Fillmore avenue, Eagle and Adams streets. nth Ward.— Bounded by Broadway, City Line, Clinton street and Fillmore avenue. 1 2th Ward. — Bounded by Genesee and Mortimer streets, Broadway and Michigan streets. 13th Ward, — Bounded by Genesee, Sher- man, Broadway and Mortimer streets. 14th Ward. — Bounded by Sherman, Genesee streets, Walden avenue, City Line, and Broad- way. 15th Ward.— Bounded by North, Mulberry, Goodell, Cherry, Hickory, Genesee, Michi- gan, Goodell and Main streets. 1 6th Ward.— Bounded by North, Jefferson, Genesee, Hickory, Cherry, Goodell and Mul- berry streets. THE CHEAPEST POWEB IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CiTY IN THE WORLD 270 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. 17th Ward. — Bounded by Delavan avenue, Jefferson, North and Main streets. 1 8th Ward. — Bounded by Delavan avenue, City Line, Walden avenue, G-enesee and Jefferson streets. 19th Ward. — Bounded by Porter and Front avenues, Court street, Terrace (east), Frank- lin street, Terrace, Main street, Buffalo River and Lake Erie. 20th Ward. — Bounded by Porter and Pros- pect avenues, Huron and Main streets, Terrace, Franklin street, Terrace (east), Court street, and Front avenue. 21st Ward — Bounded by Hudson, Wads- worth streets, the Circle, North, Main. Huron streets and Prospect avenue. 22d Ward. — Bounded by Bird avenue, Grant, Hampshire, Sixteenth streets, Massa- chusetts, Fargo, Porter avenues and Niagara River. 23d Ward.— Bounded by Massachusetts avenue, the Circle, Richmond avenue, the Cir- cle, Wadsworth and BudsoD Btreets, Prospect, Porter and Fargo avenues. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 271 24 th Ward.— Bounded by Scajaquada Creek, Main and North streets, the Circle, Richmond avenue, the Circle, Massachusetts avenue, Sixteenth, Hampshire and Grant streets, Bird avenue, Black Rock Harbor, in- cluding Squaw Island. 25th Ward. — Bounded by Delavan aveime, Main street, Scajaquada Creek, Black Rock Harbor, Niagara River, City Line, Town Line Road and City Line, including Strawberry Island. *m THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 272 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. TAXABLE VALUATION BY WARDS. Ward i $18, ««;.-,, is.j 2 3,838,165 3 18,004,660 4 4,815,746 5 11,795,335 6 13,028,815 7 8,419,180 8 8,220,290 9 2,860,920 io 2,684,300 ii 9,301,060 12 2,405,915 13 2,197,820 14 0,607,235 15 4,760,035 16 2,094,550 17 6,997,896 18 11,804,795 19 L0,322,325 20 22,460,086 21 17,712,026 22 8,456, L26 23 7,840,800 24 27,051,720 25 18,327,866 Total $239. 172,345 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 273 TOTAL VOTE BY WARDS. Predicated on vote cast for Governor, Nov. 3d, 1896. Ward i 1,359 2 1,901 3 2,622 4 2,299 5 2,773 6 1,758 7 2,033 8 1,961 9 2,260 io 1,507 II 3,565 12 1,657 13 1,804 14 3,490 15 1,962 16 1,717 17 3,546 18 4,228 19 2,074 20 2,138 21 2,962 22 3,035 23 2,800 24 4,202 25 3,007 Total 62,660 THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 274 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. VOTERS BY WARDS. Registration of electors in the city of Buf- falo, year 1891 to 1896, inclusive. Ward 1891 1892 1*93 1894 1895 1896 1 1671 1678 2525 1715 1567 1565 2 1810 2010 1830 2074 1867 2039 3 2687 3174 2764 3030 2386 2873 4 2143 2472 2190 2426 2159 2448 5 1863 2262 2187 2610 2370 2944 6 1881 2044 1869 1938 1665 1900 7 1978 2177 2056 2141 1984 2157 8 1795 1971 1868 1997 1864 2053 9 1894 2210 2105 2291 2105 2349 10 1314 1430 1452 1575 1403 1479 11 2043 2751 2718 3230 2917 3590 12 1602 1742 1693 1725 1665 1748 13 1635 1827 1674 1826 1610 1883 14 1888 2660 2622 3168 2965 3666 15 1823 2027 1910 1961 1896 2053 16 1551 1715 1622 1752 1632 1798 17 2323 2889 2904 3215 3149 3703 18 2439 3213 3215 3759 3659 4452 19 2144 2450 2317 2577 2084 2188 20 2047 2279 2096 2304 1965 2249 21 2651 2833 2788 2903 2646 3090 22 2230 2643 2652 2859 2746 3316 23 2318 2610 2557 2730 2527 2882 24 2497 2950 3143 3561 3525 4368 25 2042 2481 2539 2904 2658 8169 50273 58498 57296 62271 57014 65962 THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 389,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 275 APPOINTIVE OFFICERS AND TERHS OF OFFICE. Office. By Whom Appointed. Term of Office. Corns of Pub. Wks (2) Chief Engineer Water Supt Supt. of Building. . . City Clerk Comrs. of Pub Works. Com. Council.. During pleasure of Board, ii ii 1 year. Fire Comrs. (3) Clerk of Markets Asst. Clerk of Markets Police Comrs. (2). Sealer of Weights and Measures. 6 years. During pleasure of Mayor. 6 years. 1 year. 2 years. Board of Police Oil Inspector Examr, of Stationary Engineers. Inspector of Steam Boilers. Exam, and Super. Bd. of Plumbers and Plumbing. Auditor During term of Mayor appoint- ing him. Comptroller. . . . is appointed. 3 years, unless sooner removed for cause. 3 years. See Chap. 602, Laws of 1892. By and with the ad- vice and consent of Com. Council. 5 years. 5 years. School Examiners (5) Bridge Tenders Keeper of Howard Cemetery. Kpr. Bath. Houses (4) ParkComrs. (15) Pound Keeper Civil Ser. Comrs. (15) City and County Hall Trustees (6). Comr. of Jurors. ii ii During pleasure of Mayor. „ " 6 years. During pleasure of Mayor. 6 years. 3 years. Appel. Div. of Sup. Court. Judges of Sup. and Co. Court THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. 10 BUFFALO, THE FOURTH COMMERCIAL CITY IN THE WORLD. 276 COMMON COUNCIL MANUAL. THE LOW TAX RATE OF 1897. Property Owners of the City of Buffalo, with Added Advantages, Pay Less Taxes than in Years Preceding. The following figures, given out by the Assessors early in May, show that the tax rate of 1897 will be $14. 1788 per thousand dollars of valuation, as against $15.0160 per thousand in 1896, and $15.3956 in 1895, show- ing a steady ratio of decrease of the burden of taxation upon holders of real estate. The following tabulated statement shows the growth in property valuation for ten years and the tax rate for each year of the decade : Year. Increase of Valuation. Tax-rate. 1888 14,439,350 $143638 1889 24,433, 135 14. 14646 1890 4,855,610 1468217 1891 17,598,070 15.814837 1892 17,127,320 15.169182 1893 25,488, 106 16.843121 1894 7, 553, 520 15. 332054 1895 4,524,995 15.896 1896 4,320,945 15.016059 1897 8,415,930 14. 178799 This, without the lamp tax, which this year adds . 7473 per thousand, making the total rate of general taxation $1492 per thousand. The amount to be raised by taxation this year is $3,507,668.6:. THE CHEAPEST POWER IN THE WORLD IS AT BUFFALO. BUFFALO HAS A PROVEN POPULATION OF 889,138. CITY OF BUFFALO. 277 TURNING AWAY CONVENTIONS. Buffalo Has More Prospective Guests Than She Can Accommodate in 1897. A glance at the chapter on ' ' Conventions Past and Present" will reveal an apparent falling off in the number of organizations which are scheduled to meet in Buffalo during the pres- ent year, but there is an excellent reason for this, which is, that the Mayor has been com- pelled in many instances to decline the honor for the city of entertaining all those who have desired to hold their annnal meetings in Buffalo. Already arrangements have been made for the accommodation of enough great conclaves of fraternal and other organizations to make every week during July and August convention week this summer. Buffalo has the coolest summer climate of any city in the country, as will be found proven in a table of comparative weather statistics, officially vouched for, on another page. THE MOST CENTRAL SHIPPING POINT IN THE COUNTRY. INDEX. 279 INDEX. A PAGE. Acreage of City 60 Aldermen, Board of 99 Aldermen, Board of, order of business 107 Ancient History of Buffalo 7 Appointive officers and terms of office 275 Armory, 74th Regiment, and cut of building 66>£, 67 Asphalt pavements, by whom laid. . . 69 Asphalt, a chapter on 129 Asphalt pavements, number of miles laid 62 Assembly Districts and Members .... 203 Assessment, Department of 211, 238 Auditor 219 B Bath-house Keepers 251 Births during 1896 94 Board of Aldermen 99, 248 Board of Aldermen, committees of and order of business 104, 107 Board of Aldermen, cut of chamber. . 98 Board of Councilmen Ill, 249 Board of Councilmen, order of busi- ness 114 280 INDEX. PAGE. Board of Councilmen, out of chamber 113 Board of Health 210, 231 Board of Plumbers 216 Board of Public Works 209 Boat, the ' ' Senator' ' 69 Boiler Inspector 216, 250 Bonds (City) command high prices. . 63, 189 Bonds of City Officials 257 Boundaries of School Districts (now 59 districts) 138 Boundaries of Wards 268 Bridge Tenders 251 Buffalo Historical Society, cut of building 40 Buffalo of To-day— A noble new public building 42 A Teachers' Union 38 Banking Capital largely increased 29 Careful control of public money. . 33 Four-million-dollar breakwater . . 23 Free school books 37 Grade crossings abolished 45 Liberal public policy 30 Manual training and sewing 35 Natural gas for fuel 30 Other Buffalo libraries 50 Police and Fire 56 Practical results accomplished ... 47 Rapid inter-urban transit 16 Teaching the young idea :'4 The cheapest power on earth 58 The City Government 31 INDEX. 281 Buffalo of To-day— The greatest grain port 53 The greatest railroad center 15 The largest office building in the world 25 The lesson of the past 57 The mighty voice of labor 26 The new City Hall as proposed . . 43 The new Free Library 48 The new office buildings 56 The Public Historical Society and cut of building 40, 41 The teachers' retirement fund ... 51 The School of Pedagogy 54 To Niagara Falls by trolley 19 Wage-workers own their homes. . 27 We and our neighbors 28 Women in public instruction .... 52 Working for Uncle Sam 21 United States Post Office testi- mony 53 Unlimited water supply 55 Buffalo in Brief : Acreage 60 A study in comparison with Chicago 166 An electric city 167 An ideal convention city 153 Assessed valuation of property ... 66 Best paved city in the world .... 129 Bicycler's paradise 194 Bonds command the highest prices 63, 189 282 INDEX. PAGE. Buffalo in Brief : Central to everywhere 183 Climate 63, 67, 164 Club life of 186 Fourth commercial city in the world 60 Healthiest city in the world 91 Largest city between New York and Chicago 60 Largest coal trestle in the world . 61 Largest flour depot in the world 60 Largest horse market in the world. 60, 133 Largest sheep market in the world 60 Lowest death rate of any city of its size in the world 6-1 More smooth pavements than any other city in the world 62 Population 60, 73, 88 Position in the list of cities 185 Second largest city in the Empire State 61 Sinking fund of 60 Square miles 60 Water unlimited »>"2 Bureau of Engineering 209, 333 Bureau of Water 209, 336 Bureau of Streets 210. .' . - Bureau of Building 210. 339 Business exchanges 196 C ( iensns by Police, 1895 800 Charter, framing of 148 INDEX. 283 ?x -z. City Clerk, portrait 123 City Clerks, since year 1832 125 City Clerks of various cities 127 City Clerk's Department 212, 239 City Hall Directory 5 City Officers, bonds of 257 City and County Hall Department . . . 254 Civil Service Commission 256 Climate in Buffalo 63, 67, 164 Clubs, social 186 Coal Trestle, largest in the world. ... 61 Committees, Board of Aldermen 104 Common Council 248 Commissioner of Excise, special deputy and clerks 261 Commissioners of Jurors 254 Commissioners of Public Works 192, 209 Comptroller's Department 208, 218 Congressional Districts and Members 202 Constables 263 Convention City 153, 277 Conventions held in 1896 158 Conventions for 1897 161 Conventions for 1898 162 Corporation Counsel 208, 221 Cut of Common Council chamber. ... 98, 113 Councilmen, Board of Ill, 249 Councilmen, Board of , order of business 114 County officials 262 284 INDEX. D PAGE. Death rate 64, 66 Departments — Assessment 211, 238 Auditor 219 Board of Plumbers 216 Public Works 192, 209, 222 Bureau of Building 210, 229 Bureau of Engineering 209, 223 Bureau of Streets 210, 228 Bureau of Water 209, 225 City and County Hall 254 City Clerk 212, 239 Comptroller 208, 218 Examiner of Engineers 215, 250 Fire 212, 240 Health 210, 231 Law 208, 221 Markets 213, 249 Mayor 208, 217 Municipal Court 213, 245 Parks 252 Police 213, 242 Police Court 211, 246 Poor 211, 238 Public Instruction 210, 234 School Examiners 234 Treasurer 208, 220 E Education, Superintendent of 210 Election, votes east for various offices 198 Elective officers 204. 862 INDEX. 285 PAGE. Elective officers to be chosen in Nov. , 1897 205 Electric banquet 83 Electric Lights, cost of 62 Electric Lights, number of 61 Electric Power 62, 77 Electric power franchise 167 Elevator, new 70 Examiner of Stationary Engineers. . . 215, 250 Examining and Supervising Board of Plumbers and Plumbing 216 Excise Commission 261 F Financial Institutions 61 Fire Department 212, 240 Flour Depot 60 Franchise, electric power 167 G Gas, cost of 68 Gas Lamps, number of 61 Gas, Natural 60 Grade Crossing Commission 255 Grand opera 66 Grain receipts 62 H Harbor Improvements 68 Harbor Master 215, 250 Health, Department of 210, 231 Healthiest City 91 Horse Market 60, 133 286 INDEX. PAGE. Hospitals, location of 152 Hotels, number of 60, 163 Howard Cemetery, Keeper of 251 Hubbell, Mark S. , portrait 123 I Indebtedness of City 60 Inspector of Oils 215, 250 Inspector of Steam Boilers 216, 250 J Jewett, Edgar B. , portrait 13 Jurors, Commissioners of 254 Justices of the Peace 214 K Kissinger, Jacob, portrait 95 Klinck, Christian, portrait 109 L Law, Department of 208, 221 Libraries 48, 50 Licenses, fees for 87 Licenses, revenue from 65 Low tax rate of 1897 276 M Manufactories 60, 96 Manual of 1896 and 1897 9 Markets, self-sustaining 72 Market, department 213, 349 Markets, number of 60 Marriages during 1896 94 Mayor, portrait 13 INDEX. 287 PAGE. Mayor's Department 208, 217 Mayors of Buffalo from 1832 121 Mayors of various cities 127 Municipal Court Department 213, 245 Municipal Building 230 N Natural Gas 60 Niagara Falls Power Franchise 167 Niagara Power 77 O Officers, Appointive and Terms of Office 275 Officers to be elected in 1897 205 Officials, bonds of 257 Official Paper (now the Courier- Record) 251 Official Printer 251 Oil Inspector 215, 250 Overseer of Poor 211, 238 P Pan-American Exposition 64 Parks 60 Park Department 252 Paved Streets 60 Pavements, cost of 61 Pavements in miles 62 Paving Streets, proceedings necessary 68 Police Court 211, 246 Police Department 213, 242 Police Station Houses, location of . . . 264 Political Information 198 288 INDEX. PAGE. Police Justice 211, 246 Poor Department 211, 233 Population of Buffalo 60, 73, 88 Port Items 65 Portrait, City Clerk 123 Portrait, President Board of Aldermen 05 Portrait, President Board of Counr-il- men 109 Portrait, President Common Council. 119 Portrait, Mayor 13 Postoffice, receipts , 63 Postoffice ( new ) 70 Pound Keeper 251 Public Instruction, Department of . . . 210, 234 Public Libraries 48, 50 Pupils in Schools, number registered . . 256 Public Markets, number of 60 Public Works Department of 192, 209, 222 R Railways, steam 64 Railways, street, percentages 61, 63 Railway, street, miles of 62 Registration days, 1897 206 Revenue from Licenses 65 S Schools 64 Schools, location of 135 Schools, registration at 135 School Districts ( three districts added since going to press) 138 School Teachers, number on pay roll 256 INDEX. 289 PAGE. School Examiners 234 Sealer of Weights and Measures 214 Senatorial Districts and Members of. . 202 Seventy-fourth Regiment Armory and cut of building 66^, 67 Sheep Market 60 Sinking Fund 60 Steam Railways 64 Streets, paved 60 Streets under contract to pave in 1897 61 Street Railway percentages 61, 63 Street Railway, miles of 62 Sun Stroke, one death from 66 Superintendent of Education 210 Supervisors, City members 259 T Tax Rate for 1897 276 Tax Rate from 1888 to 1897 276 Taxable valuation by "Wards 272 Telephone numbers City Offices 247 Telephone Rates 61 Theaters, number of 60, 65 Treasurer's Department 208, 220 Turning away Conventions 277 V Vital Statistics 91 Votes required for various measures in Common Council 115 Vote, by Wards, November, 1896 273 Voters, number registered 274 290 INDEX. w PAGE. Ward Boundaries 268 Wards, vote by 273 Water, Department 61, 62, 209, 225 Woltz, Charles P. , portrait 119 A t^qt^t' OF C * T T T " , '^ T>>/r ment 2568 ■+- §3 Q- so 0) Q in c CO 0) E R > w C o o Q i *- — C — i ernme Main CN >o , O LO O co Q O ex. Si LU CL tt 1 3 | Z So < o an