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Provided mth an abattis. ABATTOIR, n. (iibatwar'.) [Fr. from abaltrc, to knock down.] A pulilic slaughter-house. [ Usualli/ applied only to large estabhshments outside of towns.] ABAW'ED,t pp. [add.] Astonished. [Chaucer.] ABBACI'NATE, v t. [Ital. ad, to, and bacino, a basin.] To deprive of sight by applying a red-hot copper basin close to the eyes. ABBACINA'TION, n. A horrid pun- ishment inflicted in the early ages on captive princes and persons of high rank and political influence. [See Abbaci- NATE.] AB'BEY LAND, n. An estate in an- cient tenure annexed to an abbey. ABBRE'VIATE,t »■ An abridgment. ABBREVIATE OF ADJUDICA- TION. In Scots law, an abstract of adjudication. [See Adjudication.] ABBREVIA'TION, n. [add.] In vm.iic, a dash through the stem of a note re- duces Its duration one half. Thus a crotchet |' with one oblique dash be- comes J a quaver, and by an additional oblique dash it becomes a S semi- quaver, &c. ABBUOCH',t V. t. [E. ab, and Fr. brnche, a spit.] To forestal. ABBROCH'MENT,t n. The act of forestalling. AB'DI€ANT, n. One who abdicates. ABDICA'TION, n. [add.] This term is now generally applied to the giving up of the kingly office. ABDITO'RIUM, n. [L.] An abditory, or hiding place, to hide and preserve goods, plate, or money ; or a chest in ^^'hich relics were kept. ABDOM'INAL REGIONS, i-. In anat., the abdomen is arbitrarily divided into certain regions. An imaginary line (a a) JVbdomlnfil Rifgiona. is drawn transversely from the cartilage of the seventh rib on one side to the corresponding point of the opposite side, and another transverse line (6 b) between the anterior sujierior spines of the ilia. The part above the upper line is called the ej^igastric region, that between the upper and lower lines, the umbilical region, and that beneath the lower line the hyptigastric region. These regions are subdivided by two vertical lines (c c), one being drawn on each side, from the cartilage of the seventh rib to the anterior superior spine of the ilium. The central por- tion of the epigastric (1) region retains the name of epigastric; the lateral por- tions {4, 4) are called the right and left hf/pochondriacregions; the middle part of the umbilical region (2) is still called umbilical, while the parts to the right and left {5, 6) are called lumbar; the hypogastric region is denominated pi/ii'e in its central portion (3), and is divided on each side (6, G) into an iliac and inguinal region. ABDOMINA'LES, n. An order of inalacopterygious, or soft-finned fishes. [See Abdominal.] ABDOMINOS'€• Tosufferfor.[CTiai(cer.] ABIE-,t J [See Abt.] ABERK',t I'. I- To wander; to err. ABER'RANT, a. [add.] This term is applied in the classification of plants or animals, to those genera and species which deviate most from the type of their natural group. ABEKR.\'TIOX, «. [add.] Chromatic aberration. In optics, a term employed to denote the imperfection arising from the xinequal refrangibility of the rays, composing white light, in consequence of which the image of the object, viewed through a lens, will be surrounded by prismatic colours. Spherical aberration produces distortion, chromatic aberra- tion produces false colour of the object. — Circle of aberration, the circle of coloured light, observed in experiments with convex lenses, between the point where the violet rays and that where the red rays meet. ABET', r. t. [add.] To avow an appro- bation of; as, they abet their forefathers* crime. ABETTER, n. One who abets; an abettor. ABETTOR, n. [add.] One who aids or encourages, in a good sense. [Pope.] ABEYANCE, n. [add.] In pop. Ian., a state of suspension or temporary ex- tinction. ABEY'ANT, a. In law, being in abey- ance. ABHORRED, Pi), [add.] Disgusted; as, liow abhorred my imagination is. Shai. ABHOR'RISG, n. Object or feeling of abhorrence. ABI'DASCE, n. The act of abiding; abode; stav. ABIDDEX.t 1 pp. of Abide. [Chau- ABID'EN,+ f cer] AB'IES, n. [add.] To this genus (which includes the sections, or sub-genera, called Tsuga, Abies, Picea, Larii, and Cedrus), belong the silver fir {A. picea), the great Californian fir (.4. grandis), the balm of Gilead fir (A. balsan^ifera i, the large-bracted fir {A. nobitisi, the hemlock spruce fir {A. canadtnsis), sacred Mexican fir {A. retigiosa), Nor- way spruce fir (A. eicelsu), Oriental fir (A. orientalis), white spruce fir (A. alba), Douglas' fir {A. Douglasii), com- mon larch {A. larix), cedar of Lebanon (A. cedrus), &c. ABIET'I€ ACID, n. An acid dis- covered in the resin of trees of the genus Abies. AB'IETIXE, n. .4 resinous substance obtained from the Strasburg turpen- tine. AB'IGAIL, n. A waiting woman. [CoUoq.] ABIL'IMEXT,t n AbUity. ABIT',f V. I. third person sing, of Abide. Abideth. [Cliaucer.] ABjCDICATE.t r. (. To give away bv judgment. AB JUDICA'TION, n. Rejection. AB'JUGATE,t 1-. t. [L. abjugo.} To unvoke. ABLAQ'UEATE.t c I. To lay bare, as the roots of trees. A'BLE,t t'. t. To enable. ABLEEZE', adv. On fire; ma blaze. [.Scotch. '\ ABLEGATE,! v. I. [L. ablego.'] To send abroad. ABLEGATION.t n. Theact of send- ing abroad. ABLEP'SIA, n. [L.] BUndness; ab- lepsy. ABLIGA'TION,t n. The act of tying np forms. ABLIGUKI'TION,t "■ [L- abliguri- tio.] Excess. ABLU'TIO.V, n. Not the cup given to the laity, as explained in Diet.; but the mixture of wine and water with which the officiating priest rinses out the chalice, after mass, himself drink- ing the same. ABNEGATIVE, a. Denjlng; nega- tive. [Rarely used.^ ABNORJIAI., a. [add.] In 6o/., where the organs of a plant have a greater or less number of parts than the regular number, they are said to be abnormal, i Plants, or parts of plants, are also called abnormal, when they present a ditferent structure from what a know- ledge of the allied plants would lead one to expect. ABOARD', adv. [add.] To lay aboard, to board. [.SAaA.] — To get aboard, to get_foul of, as a ship. ABOARD', prep. On board ; in ; with. [Spenser.l ABOLETE',t a. [L. abolitus.] Old ; obsolete. AISOO'S', \ prep. OT adv. Above. [Scot- ABUNE', / land,Yorhshire, and North of England. "l ABOOKD',t adv. [Fr. bord.'] From the bank. [Spenser.] ABOKD',t adv. [i'r. bord.'\ Across; from shore to shore. [Spenser.} ABOR'TIENT, a. [L. aborticus.'] In bot., sterile ; barren. ABORTION, n. [add.] In bot., the non-formation of a part which, theo- retically, should be present ; an incom- plete formation. ABORTIVE, a. [add.] In med., pro- ducing abortion ; as, abortive medicines. This term is applied to parts of plants imperfectly formed ; as, an abortive sta- men, whose filament has no anther, or its anther no pollen ; or to such as do not arrive at perfect maturity; as an ovule unimpregnated. ABORTIVE, n. [add.] Something which causes abortion. ABoTE ,t pp. [from abate.] Dejected; cast doi\Ti. [Chaucer.] ABOU-HAN'NES, n. The name given by the Arabs to the true Egyptian ibis ; the Numenius ibis (Cuv.) [See Ibis.] ABOUGHT',t pp. (abani;'.) [from abegge.] Endured ; atoned for ; paid dearly for. [CAawcer.] ABOUT'EN,+ prep. About. [Chaucer.] ABOVE'-BOARD, a. Open; frank; without concealment. [Colloq.] ABOVE-DECK, a. Upon deck; with- out artifice. ABOVE ONE'S BEND. Out of one's power ; beyond reach. [American colloquialism.] ABOVE' STAIRS, n. On the floor above. 2 ABRADING, n. In agric, the crumb- ling down of banks of earth, from tha effects of frost, or of the alternate ac- tion of drought and moisture. A'BRAHAM MEN, n. Formerly im- postors in England, who wandered about the country seeking alms, under pretence of lunacy. — To sham Abraham, is to feign sickness. ABRAHAMIT'ieAL, a. Relating to Abraliam. ABRAlD',t V. t. To rouse; to awake. ABRAlD'.t V. i. [Sax.] To awake ; to start. [Chaucer.] ABKAID',+ pp. [Sax. abredian:] Awaked. [5pens^r.] ABR.iIDE',t V. i. [Sax. abredian.] To rouse ; to awake. ABRAlDE',t pp. Awaked; started. [Chaucer.] ABRA'MIS, n. A genus of fresh-water malacopterygian fishes, belonging to the family Cyprinidse, and containing the common bream (Abramis brama). There are two other British species, but they are rare ; these are the white bream or bream-flat (A. blicca), and the Pomeranian bream {A. buggenhagii). ABRAN€HIAN, n. On* of the Abranchia. ABRASION, n. [add.] In mech., the effect of two rubbing surfaces when the wear between them is sensibly great ; the use of lubrication is to prevent abrasion and diminish friction. ABRAX'AS, n. A genus of lepidop- terous insects, containing the well- known black currant moth {Abraxas ffrossulariata). ABR.iY ,t V. i. [Sax.] To awake. [Spenser.] ABR.\YD',+ V. t. Same as Abbaise, which see in this Supplement. [Spen- ser.] ABREDE'.t adv. Abroad. [Chaucer.] -ABRIDGE, V. t. [add.] In late, to make a declaration or count shorter by subtracting or severing some of the substance therefrom. ABRIDGMENT, n. [add.] Used by Shakspeare for pastime. .\BRlGE',t [Fr.] To abridge; to shorten. [Chaucer.] ABRO.iCH.t r.t. To tap; to set abroach. ABROACH'JIENT.t n. The act of forestalling the market. ABROCIIE ,t f. f. [Fr.] To tap; to set abroach. [Chaucer.] ABRO€OM.\, n. [Gr. i?.K, delicate, and »*ui;^ hair.] A genus of small rodent animals, natives of South America, re- markable for the fineness of their fur. [It is more properly spelled, and is often wTitten, Habrocoma.] AB ROGABLE, a. That may be ab- rogated. AB'ROGATE,ta. Annulled ; abolished. ABRO'M.i, n. [Gr. « neg. and g-«ita, food.] A genus of plants, nat. order Byttneriaceae. A. augusta is a native of the East Indies, and A. fastuosa of New South Wales. ABROT'ANOID, n. A species of coral belonging to the genus .Madre- pora. It is one of the reef corals of the East Indies. ABRUS, n. [Gr. -^•«, elegant.] .K genus of leguminous plants. A. pre* catorius, or wild liquorice, is a West Indian evergreen climber. Its polished and parti-coloured seeds, called jumble beads, were formerly strung and em- ployed as beads for rosaries, necklaces, ic. Its roots are used in the West Indies as liquorice is with us. ABSTAINER ACADEMIC ACATALECTIC ) n. [add.] Generally, any yi i - C D Abscissi AB'SCISS, ABSCIS'SA, J part of the diameter or axis of a curve com- prised between some fixed point where all the abscisses begin, and another line called the ordinate, which is terminated in the curve. ABS€OND',ti;.(.To conceal. ABS€OND'ED,pp. Deep-hidden; con- cealed from view. ABS£fOND'ENCE,t n. Concealment. AB'SENT,t n. One who is not present. ABSENTA'NEOUS,t a. Relating to absence; absent. ABSIN'THATE, n. A salt formed by the imion of absinthic acid with a base. ABSlN'THie ACID, n. A peculiar acid contained in absintliiura, or worm- wood. ABSIN'THINE.n. The bitter principle of wormwood (Artemisia absinlhium). ABSIN'THITES, n. Wine impregnated with wormwood. ABSIST^ V. i. [L. ahsisto.] To stand off; to leave off. AB'SOLUTE, a, [add.] In c/im., pure ; unmixed; as, absolute alcohol. In mech., the absolute magnitude of a force is its intensity measured by weight, as by pounds, &;c. AB'SOLUTE, «. [add.] Peremptory; obstinate. AB'SOLUTIST, n. An advocate for des- potism, or for absolute government. AB'SOLUTORY,orABSOL'UTORY. ABSOL'VITOR, n. In law, a decree of absolutism. A B'SONATE,t v. t. To avoid; to detest. ABSORBI"TION,t n. Absorption. ABSORPT',t 2^P- Absorbed; swallow- ed up. ABSORP'TION, n. [add,] Entire oc- cupation or engrossment of mind ; as, absorption in business. In physiol.^ one of the vital organic functions, by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the or- gans of the body, and by which the de- cayed and useless parts are absorbed and removed from the system. — Inter- stitial absorption, the function by which the particles of the tissue, which fill the meshes of the capillary net-wo'"U, are removed, as in the atrophy of the pupil- lary membrane in the fetus, and in the development of cells in bones. — Cuta- neous or e.rtertial absorption, the func- tion by which certain substances, when placed in contact with a living sui-face, produce the same effects upon the sys- tem as when taken into the stomach, or injected into the veins, only in a less degree. Thus, arsenic, when applied to an external wound, vrWl sometimes affect the system as rapidly as when in- troduced into the stomach ; and mer- cury, applied externally, has the effect of curing syphilis, and exciting saliva- tion. Plants absorb moisture and nu- tritive juices principally liy their roots, but sometimes by their general surfaces, as in sea-weeds. — Absorption of light, that quality in an imperfectly transpar- ent body, or at a polished surface, by which some portion of an incident pen- cil of light is retained within the body, while the rest is either transmitted through it, or reflected from it. ABSTAIN'ER, n. One who abstains from the use of intoxicating liquors ; a tee-totaller. ABSTER'6ENT, n. [add.] A lotion or other application for cleaning a sore. [See Detersive.] ABSTER'SION, k. An abstergent or detersive ABSTER'SIVENESS,t «• Quality of being abstersive. AB'STINENCY, h. Same as Absti- nence. AB'STINENTS, n. plur. A name some- times given to tee-totallers. ABSTRACT', v. t [add.] To take se- cretly for one's own use from the pro- perty of another when placed in one's power ; to purloin ; as, to abstract goods from a parcel, or money from a bank. AB'STRA€T, a. [add.] Having the senses unemployed ; insensible to out- ward objects; abstracted. [Milton.] ABSTRACT OF TITLE, n. In laio, an epitome of the evidences of owner- ship. ABSTRA€'TION, n. [add.] The act of withdrawing ; the taking for one's own use part of the property of another, when placed in one's power. — Abstrac- tion and absorption of heat, that power by which heat is made to pass from one body to whatever surrounds it, or to any conducting substance of lower tem- perature with which it is in contact. The abstraction may take place by ra- diation from the suiface of the heated body, or by an immediate communi- cation between the particles of caloric, and those of the bodies by which it is given and received. ABSTRACTIVELY, adv. In an ab- stractive manner. ABSTRI€'TED,t pp. [L. ahstrichis.] Unbound. ABSUiMP'TION,t n. Destruction. ABUL'YIEMENTS, n. Habiliments; accoutrements. [Scotch.] ABUR'TON. In 7iaut. Ian., casks are said to be stowed a6«r/on, when placed athwartships in the hold. ABC'S ABLE, a. {s as z.) That may be abused. ABUSE, V. t. (s as z.) [add.] To maim or mutilate. ABUSE, n. [add.] Deception: puzzle. [Shah.] ABUT'MENT, n. [add.] In ar^-A., that which receives the end of, and gives support to, anji-hing having a tendency to spread or thrust outwards, or in a horizontal direction. ABUT'TER,n. He or that which abuts. ABYSS', instead of ABYSS. ABYS'SALjt ct. Relating to or like an abyss. ACA'CIA, n. [add.] This genus of plants belongs to ifie npt. order Legu- minosae, suborder Mimoseae. As ob- jects of ornament, the acacias are usu- ally of striking beauty. Some of the species produce catechu and gum-ara- bic ; the bark of others yields a large quantity of tannin, as, A. decurrens, and mollissima. Several species afford tim- ber of good quality; as, A. data, xy- locarpa, odoratissima, sundra, he. ACA'CIA TREE, n. A name some- times applied to the false acacia or lo- cust-tree (Robinia pseudacacia). AC'ACy,t n. Freedom from malice. ACADEM'IC, a. [add.] Figure of aca- demic proportions, in painting, a figure of little less than half the size of natiu'e, such as it is the custom fur pupils to draw from the antique, and from life : also, any figure in an attitude conven- tional, or resembling those chosen in life academies, for the purpose of dis- placing to the students muscular ac- 3 tion, form, and colour, to the best ad- vantage. ACADEMY, n. [add.] The term aca- demy is especially applied to an institu- tion for the cultivation and promotion of the fine arts, partaking of the charac- ter both of an association of artists for mutual improvement, and of a school of instruction. — Academy figure, a figure w^hich the artist has selected and com- posed in such a manner as to exhibit his skill in design, but without due re- gard to the character of the personage, and the voluntary action of the subject of the picture or statue : also, a figure drawn, painted, or modelled from the nude solely, without any other inten- tion than that of studying the human form, and as a part of academic studies. The term academy figure is sometimes understood to be one in wliich the ac- tion is constrained, and the parts with- out mutual connection with each other, and designed to exhibit the develop- ment of certain muscles or members of the body. ACA'DIALITE, n. A siliceous mineral found in Nova Scotia ; red chabasie. ACAJOU, n. The cashew-nut tree. ACALE'PHANS, n. The same as Aca- LEPH^, — which see. ACA'LYCINE, a. [L. acalycinus.] In bot., Avithout a calyx or flower-cup. ACANTHA'CEtE, n. A nat. order of plants, having for its type the genus Acanthus. The species are common iu all tropical countries, and consist of herbaceous plants or shrubs, with op- posite leaves, and monopetalous corolla. Their properties are little known. ACAN'THICE, n. The sweet juice of ivy buds. ACAN'THION, n. A genns of rodent animals, separated from the porcupines, properly so called. ACANTHOCEPH'ALA,7i. [Gr. «««y- 6oe, a spine, and xfijja?*), a head.] A fa- mily of intestinal worms, one species of which is often found in the aliment- ary canal of swine. Another species is foimd in the liver of the cat. ACAN'THODES, n. A genus of fossil fishes. ACAN'THOPHIS, n. A genus of ve- nomous serpents, allied to the vipers. The species are of small size, reside on the suiface of the dry land, and feed upon frogs, lizards, and small mammals. A. Brownii is an inhabitant of Australia. ACAN'THOPODS,n. A tribe of clavi- com coleopterous beetles, including those species with spiny legs. ACAR'DIAC, a. [Gr. « priv. and KfltgS-a, the heart.] Without a heart. ACAR'IDANS,) n. A division of Ar- ACAR'IDES, Y achnides, which com- ACAR'ID^, j prebends the mites {Acarus), and the ticks {Ricinus). The head, thorax, and body are all in one piece. AC'ARON, n. The wild myrtle. ACAR'PIA, n. [Gr. «««;«?.] Unfruit- fulness. ACAR'PIOUS, a. Sterile; barren. ACARUS, n. The mite; a genus of in- sects belonging to the Acarides. In the Linnaean classification it comprehends the domestic mite {A. domesticus), tho itch-mite [A. scabici), the sparrow mite [A. passerinus), and many other species, wliich are now divided into distinct genera. ACATALECTIC, a. Not halting short ; complete ; having the complete number of syllables ; as, an acatalectic verse. ACCESSORY VALVES ACCOMPTAXT ACCUMULATIVE JUDGMENT ACAT.AXEP'SIA, 7J. [L.l Acatalepsy. ACATHAR'SIA, n. [add.] In med., im- puritv of the blood and humours. ACAULES'CENT, a. [Gr. « priv. and K»vk»s, a stem.] Stemless ; a term ap- plied to a plant in which the stem is apparently absent. A^^AU LINE, \ a. In bot.y having no ACAU LOSE,) stem or stalk. ACCE DAS AD CURIAM. [L] In law, a writ IWng where a man has re- ceived, or fears, false judgment in an inferior court. It is issued by the chan- cery, and directed to the sheriff. A€CELERA'TION, n. [add.] In pht/- siol. and pathol., a term applied to an increased activity of the functions, but particularly of the circulating fluids. — Acceleration and retardation of the tides, certain deviations of the times of con- secutive hi;rh-water at any place, from those which would be observed if the tides occiu-red after the lapse of a mean interval. The interval between the cul- mination of the moon, or the occur- rence of her principal phases, and the nearest time of high-water, is also called the retardation of the tide. ACCELERATOR,??. In a;w/., a muscle which contracts to expel or accelerate the passage of the urine. ACCENDEN'TES, or ACCENSO'- RES, n. [L. aecendo.] In the Romish church, a lower rank of ministers, whose busiiiess it is to trim the candles and tapers. A€'CENT, H. [add.] In trigonometry, an accent at the right hand of a number indicates minutes of a degree ; two ac- cents, seconds, kc. ; as, 20'' 10' 30", twenty degrees, ten minutes, thirty se- conds. — In enyineering, similar signs are used to express feet and inches ; as, 3' 6", three feet six inches. ACCENTED, pp. [add.] Accented parts of a bar, in music, are those parts of the bar on which the stress falls ; as the first and third parts of the bar, in common time, ACCENT OR, n. A genus or group of passerine birds, which includes our well- known hedge-sparrow (A. modularis). The genus has received its name from the sweet notes of the species compos- ing it. ACCEPT',! n. In Shah., consent or acceptance. ACCEPTOR, «. One who accepts a bill of exchange. Before acceptance he is call drawee. ACCESS', or ACCESS, n. AC'CESSARILY, adv. In the manner of an accessary. AC'CESSARINESS, n. State of being accessary. ACCESSARY, «. An accomplice. [See Accessory.] AC'CESSARY, a. Contributing to a crime ; additional. [See Accessory.] ACCESSE',t n. [Fr.J Afever. [Chau.] ACCESSORY, n. In bot., something additional, or not usually present. ACCESSORY VALVES, n. Small ad- ditional valves placed near the umbones of the genus Pholas among shells, and a a, Actiessor; Talm of Pbotu chtloensit. on the edges of the pedunculated bar- nacles among annulose animals. ACCES'SUS, n. [L.] A climbing ma- chine ; a mode of electing a pope, called, in English, an election by acclamation. ACCIDEN'TAL, n. A property not es- sential. — 2. In music, a flat or sharp pre- fixed to the notes in a movement. ACCIDENTAL LIGHTS, n. In/ww/., secondary lights which are not accotmt- ed for by the prevalent eff'ect ; effects of light other than ordinary day-light, such as the rays of the sun darting through a cloud, or between the leaves of a thicket of trees ; the effect of moon- light, candle-light, or burning bodies. ACCIDENT.AL'ITY, n. The quality of being accidental. [Rarely used.] ACCIDIE,! n. [L. accidia.] Sloth; negligence ; indolence ; melancholy. [Chaucer.] ACCIPEN'SER, ;i. A genus of fishes. [See Sturgeon.] ACCIP'lENT,t n. [L. accipiens.] A receiver. ACCIP'ITRARY,t n. A catcher of birds of prey. ACCIP'ITRES, H. The first order of birds in the Linncean system. They form two families, the diurnal and noc- turnal: the vulture and hawk are ex- amples of the first, and the owl of the second. [See Accipiter.] ACClTE',t V. t [add.] To incline; to move ; as, WLat accites your thooghta to think so? Skak. ACCLAIM',t r. i. To applaud. AC'CLAMATE,t v. t. To applaud. ACCLAMATION, n. [add.] Unani- mous and immediate election, viva voce. ACCLI'.MATE, or AC CLIMATE. ACCLI'MATEMENT,n. Acclimation. [Rarely used.] ACCLIMATIZATION, n. Act of inuring to a climate. [Rarely used.] ACCLIMATIZE, instead of ACCLI- MATIS'E. ACCLIMATIZED, pp. Inured to a different climate. ACCLI JLVTiZING, ppr. Inuring to a different climate. ACCLIVE',! a. Rising. ACCLOY',t ) V. t. [See Cloy.] To ACCLOTE'jf J cloy ; to encumber ; to embarrass with superfluity. [Spenser, Chaucer^ ACCOl'EDjf pp. of AccoiE, or AcoiE. Plucked down, and daunted. [5pe;wer.] AC'COLENT, instead of ACCO- LENT. ACCOMMODATED, pp. [add.] Suit- able. ACCOM'PANIER, n. One who ac- companies. ACCOM'PANIMENT, n. [add.] The harmony of a figured base, or thorough base, is also termed an accompaniment. — Accompaniment of the scale, the har- mony assigned to the seiies of notes, forming the diatonic scale, ascending and descending. — Accompaniment, 'u\ painting, an object accessory to the principal object, and serving for its ornament or illustration. ACCOMPLIC'ITY, n. The character or act of an accomplice. [Rarely used.] ACCOMPLISH, i-.f. [add.] lu Shah., to arm or equip. ACCOMPLISHABLE, a. Capable of accomplishment. ACCOMPT', n. (account.) An account. [See AccooT.] ACCOMPT'ABLE, a. (account able.) Accountable. ACCOMPT ANT, n. (accoimt'ant.) A reckoner ; computer ; accouulant. Note. — Accompt and accomptant are technical, or are often used when the words are officially applied ; as, au accomptant-general, an officer in the Court of Chancer)" [see Accoustant- gesebal] ; but in other cases they are written account and accountant. ACCOMPT ING DAY,t n. Day of reckoning. ACCORD'ANCY,n. Same as Accord- ance. ACCOST'ING,t ppr. In falconry, crouching or stooping. [Spenser.] ACCOUCHEUSE, w. (akkooshooz'.) [Fr.] A midwife. ACCOUNT', n. [add.] Account cur- rent, a running account, and the state- ment of the mercantile transactions of one person with another, drawn out in the form of debtor and creditor. — Ac- count stated, the title of the common count in an action at law for the amount due upon a balanced account between the parties, the form of which is, that the defendant was indebted to the plaintiff in a certain sum of money, found to be due from the defendant to the plaintiff, upon an account then stated between them, and in considera- tion thereof promised pajTnent. ACCOUNT'ABLE,a. [add.] Of which an account can be given. ACCOUNT'ANT,ta. Accountable to. ACCOUNT'ANT, n. [add.] Account- ants are generally appointed to exa- mine the books of traders who have become bankrupt or embarrassed in their affairs ; or they may be called in by a trader to investigate his ac- counts, and to ascertain the state of his aftairs. The collection of debts or rents, and the mnding up of affairs of persons deceased, or who have given up business, are matters often put into their hands. ACCOUNT'ANTSHIP, n. The office or emplovment of an accountant. ACCOU'TERED, or ACCOUTRED. ACCuU'TERlNG, or ACCOU'- TRING. ACCOY'ED,t pp. [Sax.] Caressed; made much of. [SpenserT] ACCOYL'ED,t pp. Gathered together; crowded. [Spenser.] ACCRES'CENCE, n. Actofgromng to increase. [Rarely used.] ACCRETION, n. [add.] AccreHon oj land by alluvion, land gained from the sea by the washing up of sand or earth, or by dereliction ; as when the sea sinks back below the usual water-mark. "When the accretion is by small and imperceptible degrees, it belongs to the owner of the land immediately be- hind ; but if it is sudden and consider- able, it belongs to the crown. ACCREW,tr.i..5eeAccRUE.[5pCTwer.] ACCREWEDjf pp. Increased; united. [Spenser ] ACCUIMINA'TION, n. Accusation. ACCROACHMENT,! «. Act of ac- croaching. ACCUMBENT,! n. One placed at a dinner-table. ACCUMULATION, «. [add.] Accu- mulation of power, a term applied to that quantity of motion which exists in some machines at the end of internals of time, during which the velocity of the moving body has been constantly accelerated : thus an accumulation of force is obtained in the modem coin- ing-press bv means of its flv-wheel. ACCUMULATIVE JUDG.^IENT, n. In law, when a person mider sentence for another crime is convicted of felony, the court is empowered to pass ACETAL ACICUL^ A-COCK BILL a second sentence, to commence after the expiration of the first; and this is termed an accumulative judgment. A€€U'MULATIVE LEGACY, «. In laio, a double legacy, as when equal, greater, or less sums are given in one will, or by two distinct writings of dif- ferent dateSj as by a will and a codicil, or by two codicils. A€€U'SAT1VE, n. The foui'th case of Latin nouns. A€€USATO'RIAL, a. Accusatory. A€€USATO'KIALLY, adv. liy way of accusation. A€-euSE,t «. Accusation. A€€USING, i)pr. [add.] bringing ac- cusation ; censuiing. AGCUS'TOAIEDNESS, n. Famili- arity. [Rarely used.\ ACEN'TRI€, a. \a neg. and centre.] Not centred. ACEPH'ALANS, n. In zooL, see ACEPHALA. ACEPH'ALIST,t n. One who ac- knowledges no head or superior. ACEPH' ALDUS, a. [add.] In anat., a term applied to a fetus having no head. Deprived of its first syllable, as a line of poetry. ACER, 71. [L. acer, sharp or hard, from Celt, ac] The maple, a genus of plants, many of which ai'e valuable for the sake of their timber or of their ornamental appearance. Nat. order Aceraceie. Tliere are numerous spe- cies, A. striatum^ an American species, yields the timber called moosewood ; A. platanoidesy is the Norway maple; and A. saccharinum, the sugar maple of North America. A. campestre, com- mon maple, and A. pseudo-platanus, sycamore maple, are British species. [See Maple.] AC'ERA, \ n. A family of apter- AC'ERANS,/ ous insects, charac- terized by the absence of antennae. ACERA'CE.^, n. A nat. order, comprehending the maples, and be- longing to the Thalamiflorae, orhypogy- nous, polypetalous division of dicotyle- donous plants. The species, which are all trees or shrubs, inhabit the temperate parts of Europe and Asia, the north of India, and North America. {See AcKR and Maple.] ACER^, n. A family of gastropodoua molluscs, approximating in many re- spects to the Aplysi^. The genus Bulla belongs to this family. AC'ERAS, 11. [Gr. a without, and tt^tti, a horn.] A genus of plants, nat. order Orchidaceee. A. anthropophora^ man-orchis, is a British plant. {See Man-orchis.] AC'ERATE, n. A salt formed of aceric acid and a base. ACER'BITUDE, n. Sourness; acer- bity. ACER^DES, 71. plur. [Gr. « priv. and *»j<»f, wax.] Plasters made without wax. ACERIN'E^, n. Same as Acerace^. ACERV'ATE, a. In nat. hist, heaped, or growing in heaps, or in closely-com- pacted clusters. ACERVA'TION,t n. The act of heaping together. AC'ERVOSE,t a. Full of heaps. ACES'CENCE,t >i. Acescency. ACETABULUM, ». [add.] In en- tomoKy the socket on the trunk on which the leg is inserted. A sucker of the cuttle-fish and of other molluscous animals. ACE'TAL, n. A compound of aldehyde with ether, formed by the action of platinum black on the vapour of alcohol with the presence of oxygen. ACE'TIC, a. Having the properties of vinegar; sour. ACETIM'ETER, n. [L. acetum, vinegar, and Gr. fx.i.--^o¥, measure.] An in- strument for ascertaining the strength of vinegar. ACETIM'ETRY. n. The act, or me- thod of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or the proportion of acetic acid contained in it. ACE'TONE, n. The new chemical name for pj/ro-acetic spirit, — which see. ACETO'SITY,t n. The state of being sour. ACE'TOUS, ) a. Sour; acid; a5,acetous ACE'TOSE, ) spirit.— 2. Causing ace- titication; as, acetous fermentation. ACE'TYLE, H. An hypothetical radi- cal, produced by the abstraction of two atoms of oxygen from ethyle, by oxidating processes. The hydrated oxide of acetyle is termed aldehyde. ACETYL'IC ACID, n. A new name for acetic acid. ACE'TYLOUS ACID, n. A synonyme of aldehydic acid or lanipic acid. AClI'ATE,t H. [Fr. acheter.] Pur- chase; contract; bargain. [Chaucer.] ACHATES', 71. plur. [Fr.] Provisions. [Spenser.] ACHATI'NA, n, A genus of gastero- podous mollusca, whicli feed on trees and shrubs in warm climates, such as Africa and the AVest Indies. ACHA'TOUR,t n. A purchaser; a purveyor; a caterer. [Chaucer.] ACHEK'ED,t ) pp. Choked. [Chatt- ACHECK'£D,t| cer.] ACHE'LOR. See Ashler. ACHER'NAR, instead of ACHER'- NER. ACHERON'TIA, n. A genus of lepi- dopterous insects belonging to the family Sphingidse. A. atropos is the death's-head hawk-moth {which see), the larva of wliich is sometimes found in our potato-fields. ACHE'TA, n. A genus of orthopterous insects containing the well-known house-cricket {Acheta domestica). ACHILLE'A, n. Milfoil, a genus of plants, [^ee Milfoil.] ACHIL'LIS TEN'DO, n. [L.] The tendon of Acliilles ; the strong tendon of the gastro-cnemius and soleus mus- cles, which is inserted in the heel. ACHI'RUS, n. [Gr a. priv. and x'''i- ^ hand.] A genus of flat-fish, order Malacopterygii, and family Subbran- chia, of Cuvier. These fishes resemble in external form, the common sole, but are distinguished from all other genera by the total want of pectoral fins, hence their name. They abound mostly in the East and West Indies, and as they keep near the shores, they furnish a plentiful supply of wholesome food to the inhabitants. The flesh of the A. marmoratus is highly esteemed. ACH'RAS, 71. [Gr. axe«.% the wild pear- tree. J A genus of tropical plants, nat. order Sapotacefe, of several species, which yields a copious milky fluid when wounded. One species {A. sapota) is called in the West Indies, the sapodilla plum. The fruit is only eaten in a state of decay, and in that state it is very rich and sweet. [See cut in Dictionary^ Sapodilla.] ACH'ROMATISIVr, n. Better ACH- RO'MATISM. ACIC'UL^, 71. ;5?Hr. ['L.acicula.] The spines or pricklt-s of some animals and plants. ACIC'ULATE, a. In hot., needle- shaped. ACIC ULIFORM, a. Having the form of needles. ACIDIFYING PRINCIPLE, 7z. That which possesses the property of eon- verting a substance into an acid. No general acidifying principle exists. ACID'ULOUS, a. [add.] Acidulous mineral ivaterSf are such as contain carbonic acid. AC'IFORM, a. [L. acus, a needle, and forma, form.] Shaped like a needle. ACINA'CEOUS, a. [L. CEciHi«,agrape- stone.] Full of kernels. ACIN'ACES, n. [L.] A short, straight Fisure from the Persrpolitnn Sculptures wearing the Aciimces. dagger, worn on the right side, peculiar to the Scythians, Medes, and Persians. ACINI, 7?. plur. [L. acinus, a grape- stone.] The minute parts of the lo- bules of the liver, connected together by vessels. AC'INOS, n. [Gr. ««iv«, mid basil.] Basil-thyme, a genus of plants, now referred to Calamintha. A. vulgaris is the same as C. acinos. [See Cala- mintha.] ACINUS, n. [add.] In anai.^ a term applied to the ultimate secerning fol- licles of glands; or the granulations composing the structure of some con- glomerative glands, as the liver. ACIUR'CxY, 71. [Gr. ccxi?, a point or something sharp, and i;yov, operation.] A description of surgical instruments, or a demonstration of surgical opera- tions. A€KELE',t V. f. (akeel'.) To cool. [Chaucer.] ACK'ETON, n. See Hacqueton. ACKNOW',t V. t. To acknowledge; to confess. ACKNOWLEDGER,! n. One who acknowledges. ACKNOWN',t pp. Acknowledged. ACLIN'IC LINE, n. [Gr. « pi-iv. and seXikAi, to incline.] The name given by Professor August to an irregular curve in the neighbourhood of the terrestrial equator, where the magnetic needle balances itself horizontally. It has been also termed the mar/netic equator. ACMITE, n. [Gr. «*^i,. a point.] A mineral of the augite family, occurring in long pointed crystals. It is also written Achmite. A-COCK BILL. In 77(ar. Ian., the posi- tion of an anchor, when it hangs down by its ring from the cat-head. Yards are said to be a-coch bill, when they are topped up at an angle with the deck. ACRITY ACOIE',t V. t. (akoy'O To make quiet. [Chaucer.] A€OLI)',to. Cold. A€'OLYTH, ) c.. A coLTTE A€'OLYTHEJ -s^e A<^OLYTE. A€OiM'BER,t V. t To encumber. [Cliaucer.] A€OJlB'ERD,t PP- Encumbered. [Chaucer.] ACONrTI€ ACID, n. An acid ob- tained from species of the genus Aconi- tura. It occurs in the form of small confused crystals. ACO'NITINE, n. An alkaloid obtained from the roots and leaves of several species of Aconitum. It is exceedingly poisonous. ACONl'TUM, n. [Gr. «««-, a dart, from its use to poison such weapons.] A genus of poisonous plants, nat. order Kanunculaceoe. The species are hardy, herbaceous plants, many of them of great beauty. A. napellus, or wolf's- bane, is extremely virulent [see cut in Dict.j Wolf's-bane]; but the Bisk or Ilikk of Nepaul (.4. ferox) is said to possess the concentrated power of all the European species. A'€ORN-SHELL, n. The shell, of the acorn. A'CORTJS, 71. A genus of plants, now referred to the nat. order Orontiacene. ACOS'MIA, «. [Gr. » in'iv.and xoff^Lco;, order, or beauty.] IiTcgularity in dis- ease, particularly in crises; also, ill- health, -ft-ith loss of colour in the face. ACOS'MIUM, n. A genus of Brazilian plants belonging to the nat. order Legu- minosae. A€OTYLET)ONES, ) n. See Aco- ACOTrLEDO'NE^,> ttledon. ACOU'METER, n. [Gr. <.^..v^. to hear, and f£ir^o», measure.] An mstrimient for measuring the extent of the sense of hearing. A€OUS'TI€AL, a. Same as Acoustic. ACQUAlKT'ABLE, a. Easy to be acquainted mth. ACQUAINTANCE, n. [add.] To cultivate one's acquaintance, to treat or attend to one in order to gain his ac- quaintance, with a view to render it advantageous, or to derive pleasm-e from it. ACQUAlNT'ANT,t "• A person with whom one is acquainted. ACQUAINT'EDNESS, n. State of being acquainted. [Kot authorized.] ACQUIES CENCT, n. Same as Ac- quiescence. ACQUIS'lTOR, 77. One who makes acquisition. [Eair?}/ used.] ACQUITTANCE,! v. t. To acquit. ACRASY,H. [add.] Excess; irregularity. ACRA'TIA, n. [Gr. * priv. and ;.ja7«, strength.] "Weakness: intemperance. A'CREA(jE, n. The number of acres in a piece of land ; measurement by the acre. A'CRE-D^\XE, n. Land in a common field, different parts of which are lield by different proprietors. [Local.] A€RID'IANS,| n. A family of orthop- A€RID'ID^, > terous insects, con- taining the grasshoppers. All the spe- cies of this family can leap. ACRIDITY, n. Same as Acridness. ACRI'TA, \ n. The lowest division ACRI'TANS, S of the animal kingdom, in which there is no distinct discernible nervous system, or distinct and separate alimentary canal ; as the sponges, poly- pes, &c. ACRIT'ICAL, a. In vied., having no crisis. AC'RITY,f n. Sharpness ; eagerness. ACT ACROAMAT'ICAL, a. Same as Ac- roam atic. AC ROBATE, n. [Gr. ax^^^aTsa., to go on tip-toe, to climb upwards. ] A rope- dancer. ACROB'ATES, n. A genus of marsu- pial animals, indigenous to Australia, Opossum Mous«, Ami>e. It is so called from its having the spine on each side of the thorax movable. ACROGENS or ACROG'EN^, n. [add.] This term is now extended to all those cr>-ptogamic or acotyledonous plants, which have a stem and leaves, in place of a frond or thallus. To it belong all the ferns, the Equisetaceze, Musci or mosses, &c. ACROG'RAPHY, n. [Gr. «;s5«, and 7j*;a(, to write, or engrave.] The art of producing blocks in rehef, for the purpose of printing from, along with type, and thus to supersede wood-en- graving. Invented by M. Schonberg. ACROKE ,t a. (akrok'.) Crooked. [Chaucer.] ACROXEINE, n. [Gr. ««f«, and L. oleuin, oil.] A substance of a highly pungent odour, given off by oils and fats, when boiling at a high tempera- ture. ACKOL'XTnAN, a. Pertaining to an acrolith ; formed like an acrolith ; as, an acrolithan statue. ACRO'MIAL, a. In anat., relating to the acromion. ACRON'ICAL, a. More properly ACRONICHAL. ACRON'ICALLY, adv. More properly ACRON'YCH-ALLY. ACROS'TICAL,a. Same as Acrostic. ACROTE'RIAL, a. Pertaining to the acroter; as, acroterial ornaments. ACROTIS'MUS, n. [Gr. « priv. and a*6ro5, pulse.] In med., defect of pulse. ACRYLIC ACID, n. An acid obtained from acroleine. ACT, V. t. [add.] To practise; to exercise ; to perform the office or part of; as, to act tyranny ; to act the critic. ACT, 7/. [add.] Act before answer, in Scots laic, is when the lords ordain probation to be led before they deter- mine the relevancy, and then take both at once under their determination. — Act of curatory, the act extracted by tlie clerk upon any one's acceptance of being curator. — Act of grace, in Scot- land, an act passed in 160G, for provid- ing maintenance for debtors imprisoned by their creditors. In England, it is G ACTIVE usually applied to insolvent acts and general pardons at the beginning of a new reign, or other great occasion. ACT^'A, rt. [Gr. «*r.), the elder, from the form of its leaves.] A Linniean genus of plants, found in various parts of Europe, the north of Asia, and America, nat. order Ranunculaceae. All the species are possessed of nau- seous and deleterious properties. A. spicata is known in England by the name of herb Christopher. [See Cimi- CIFUGA.] ACTERAI'IMINE, n. A star of the third magnitude in the left shoulder of Cepheus. ACTIN'EA, n. [axm, a ray.] A genus of animals belonging to the sea-nettles (Acaleph*, Cuv.) The mouth occupies the centre of the upper surface, and is surrounded by tentacula, which radiate from the centre, like the petals of a flower. Hence the genus has acquired the names of animal flotcers, sea- anemones, &c. These animals when at rest form a sort of ball, and assmne this form also when disturbed. ACTINIC, a. Pertaining to the radia- tion of heat or liglic. ACTIN'IFORM, a, [Gr. «*r,r, a ray, and L. format form.] Having a radiated form. ACTINISM, n. [Gr. ««r,r, a ray.] The radiation of heat or light; or that branch of natural philosophy which treats of the radiation of heat or light. ACTINOCAR'PUS, n. Star-fruit, a genus of plants, nat. order Alismacese. A. damasonium is a British plant, growing in ditches and pools, mostly in a gravelly soil. It is the AUsma damasonium^ Linn. ACTINOC'EROS, n. [Gr. a*rir, a ray, and «£;«;, a horn.] A generic term, signifying the radiate disposition of the horns or feelers of animals. ACTINOCKPNITE, n. An extinct animal of the encrinite genus. ACTINOCYC'LUS, In bot., a genus of diatomaceous plants, found in the sea, and sometimes in Peruvian guano, re- sembling minute round shells. ACTINOMETRIC, a. Of or belonging to the actinometer. AC'TINOTE, 71. A radiated mineral. ACTION, n. [add.] Principle of least action, a name given by Lagrange to a law of motion, which he enunciates thus : — " In a system of moving bodies, the sum of the products of the masses of the bodies by the integral of the products of the velocities, and the ele- ments of the spaces passed over is con- stantly a maximum or minimum." — Actions, in the animal body, are by phy- siologists divided into voluntari/, as tlie contraction of the muscles ; involuntari/, as those of the larynx, pharynx, sphinc- ters, &c., and those of the irritability; and mitred, as those motions or alter- nations of inspiration and expiration which constitute the acts of respu-ation. • — In Scots law, an action, is a prosecu- tion by any party of his right, in order to obtain a judicial determination. — In paint, and sculp, [add.] The effect of a figure orfigm-es acting together. Also, the principal event which forms the subject of a picture or bass-relief. ACTION -SERMON, n. The name given in Scotland to the sermon preached on a communion Sabbath, prior to the dispensation of the saci'a- ment of the Lord's Supper. AC TIVE or LIVING FORCE. See Vis Viva. ADDAX ADHERENCE ADJUVANT ACT'OK, n. [add.] In law, this word generally signifies a plaintiif. A€TS OF SEDERUNT. In Scots law, statutes made by the lords of session, by virtue of an act of Parliament passed in 15-10, which granted them power to make such constitutions aj they might think expedient for ordering the procedure and forms of administer- ing justice. These are termed acts oj sederunt, because they are made by the lords of session sitliny in judgment. ACTUAL, a. [add,] Present; existing; now in being ; as, the actual government of France. [Modern.] A€'TUARY, n. [add.] The manager of a joint-stock company, under a board of directors, 4)articularly of an insur- ance company. Also, a person skilled in the doctrine of life annuities and insurances, who is in the habit of giving opinions upon cases of annuities, rever- sions, &c. A€TUOS'ITY, ». Power or state of action. [Harehj used.~\ A€'TURE,t n. Action. ACUATI^f a. Sharpened ; pointed. A€U'ITY,t n. Sharpness. ACULEA'TA, n. A group of hj'menop- terous insects, in which the abdomen of the females and neuters is armed with a sting, connected with a poison reservoir. To this group belong the Praedones, and Melliferie or honey- collectors. A-CU'LEATE, n. A hymenopterous in- sect ; one of the Aculeata. A€U'LEATE, v. t. To form to a point ; to sharpen. AeU'LEUS, n. plur. Aculei. [L.] In bat., a prickle. ACUTE, V. t. To render the accent acute. [Rarely used.] ADA€T',t I'. (., [L. adiijo:\ To drive ; to compel. ADA'GlAL,t a. Proverbial. AD'AGrY,t n. Same as Adage. AD'AM'S ALE, or AD'AJIS WINE, n. Water. [Colloq.] ADAP'TER, n. He or that which adapts. ADAPT'IVE, a. Tending to adapt; suitable. [Rarely used.] ADAPTO'RIAL, a. Tending to adapt or fit ; suitable. AD'ATAIS, n. A clear, fine Bengal muslin. ADAW',t 1 "• '• To awake. [Chau- ADAWE',tJ cer.] AD AW',fu?. To be daunted. [Spenser.] ADAW'ED,t pp. Awaked ; daunted. ADAW'LET, or ADAW'LUT,n. [Hin- dostanee.] 1. Justice, equity. — 2. In the East Indies, a court of justice, civil or criminal. AD'DA, n. A small species of lizard, celebrated throughout the East as being efficacious in the cure of various cuta- neous diseases to which the inhabitants of Egypt and Arabia are peculiarly subject. It is about six inches in length, with a cylindj'ical body and tail. AD'DABLE, a. See Addip.le. ADT)AX, n. A species of antelope (Oryx nasomaculata), and one of the largest of the genus. The horns of the male are particularly magnificent. They are about four feet long, and beautifully twisted into a wide-sweeping spiral of two turns and a-half, surrounded by a prominent wi-eath, which follows all their windings, and is gradually obli- terated towards the points, which are directed outwards. It was unknown to modem naturalists till discovered by the German traveller, Riippel, on the barren sands of Nubia and Kor- dofan. It is also found in the woody Head of Addai, Oryx vasomaculata. parts of Caffraria. It is the Strepsiceros of the older writers. AD'DER (Great Sea), n. The fifteen- spired stickleback, a species of marine fish, is so called on the coast. AD'DER-6EM, n. A species of charm. ADDER-PIKE, n. A species of fish found on our coast, called also the lesser weever or sting-iish. It is the Tra- cliinus vipera of naturalists. AD'DERSTONE, n. A stone or bead used by the Druids as an amulet. ADDER'S TONGUE, n. See Ophio- GLOS.SUM. ADDITAMEN'TUM, n. [L. See Ad- niTAMENT. ADDU'TIONAL, v. Something added. ADDI"TIONARY,t a. Additional. AD'DLE, 71. The dry lees of wine. AD'DLE-HEADED, a. Same as Ad- DLE-PATED. ADDORSE'.v. t In her., to place back to back. ADDRESS', V. i. To prepare. ADDRESS'ED, pp. In Shah., pre- pared ; ready. ADDRESS'FyL,t a. Skilful; dexter- ous. ADDREST', pp. In Shah., ready. ADDREST,' pp. Addressed. ADDU€'TION, n. [add.] The action by wliich a part is drawn towards some other more principal part ; the action of the adducent muscles. ADENANTHE'RA, n. [Gr. aJv:,, a gland, and x^h^it. an anther.] Gland- flower, a genus of plants, natives of the East Indies and Ceylon ; nat. order Le- guminosse. A. pavonina is one of the largest and handsomest trees of India. The seeds, from their equality in weight (each = 4 grains), are used by gold- smiths as weights. ADEN'IFORiM, a. Of a gland-Uke shape. ADENI'TIS, n Inflammation of a gland. ADENOPH'YMA, h. [Gr. «5,., a gland, and ipv/j-ot, a suppurating tumour.] In med., a swelling of a gland ; as it occiu's in the liver, it is called hepatophyma ; but as it occm's in the inguinal gland, it is termed bubo. ADEPH'AGA, n. A family of carnivor- ous and very voracious coleopterous insects. It corresponds with the car- nivora of Cuvier. The tiger-beetle (Ctcindela campestris), and garden- beetle (Carabus violaceus), are familiar examples. ADEPHA'GIA, n. [Gr. «.l-^v, abun- dantly, and <^x'/ai, to eat.J Voracious appetite ; bulimia. AD'EPS, n. [L.] Fat ; animal oil. ADHE'RENCE, n. [add.] In paint., the eft'ect of those parts of a picture, which, wanting relief, are not detached, and 7 hence appear adhering to the canvas or su]*face. AD HE-RENT, a. [add.] In bot., strictly signifies sticking to anything, but it is more commonly employed in the sense of adnate ; an adherent ovary, an ovary adnate to the tube of a calyx. ADHE'SIVE, a. [add.] Adhesive in- flammation, in med., that kind of in- flanmiation which causes adhesion.^ Adhesive slate, a variety of slaty clay adhering strongly to the tongue, and rapidly absorbing water. ADIIORT'ATORY, a. [add.] Exhort- ing ; encouraging. ADIAN'TUiVr, n. Maiden-hair, a genus of plants. [See Maiden-hair and Ca- PILLAIEE.] ADL.VPH'ORACY,t n. Indifference. ADIAPH'ORY,t «• Neutrality ; indif- ference. AD1PI€ ACID, n. An acid obtained by treating oleic with nitric acid. ADIPOC'EROUS, a. Relating to adi- pocere ; containing adipocere. ADIPOCIRE', n. See Adipocere. AD'IPOSE, a. [add.] Adipose sacs and ducts, are the bags and ducts which contain the fat. — Adipose tissue, an assemblage of minute round vesicles containing the fat closely agglomerated and imbedded in the interstices of the common cellular tissue. — Adipose sub- stance, animal fat. AD'IPOUS, a. Fat; of the nature of fat. ADIP'SIA,) n. [Gr. a priv. and 8<-4-«, ADIP'SY, J thirst.] In med., the total absence of thirst. ADI"TION,tn. [L.arfco.] Act of going to. ADI'VE, n. The name of a fox found in Siberia, the Vulpes corsac of naturalists. ADJA'CENCE.t n. Pro.ximity; near- ness. .•iJD'JE€TIVAL, a. Belonging to or like an adjective. [Rarely used.] AD'JEGTIVED, pp. Formed into an adjective. [Rarely used.] ADJUDICATOR, n. One who adju- dicates. AD'JUGATE, V. t. [L. adjugo.] To yoke to. ADJUN€T'LY, instead ot AD- JUNCTLY. ADJURE, V. t. [add.] To swear by ; as, to adjure the holy name of God. [ Un- usual.] ADJUST'AGE, n. Adjustment. [Rarely used.] ADJUST'IVE, a. Tending to adjust. [Rarely used.] ADJUST'MENT, n. [add.] In a picture, the manner in which draperies are chosen, arranged, and disposed ; proper disposition or arrangement; adaptation. ADJU'TAGE,) n. Better AD'JU- AJU'TAGE, j TAGE; or AJ'U- TAGE. [add.] This name is given to a tube not exceeding a few inches in length, which may be fitted to an orifice in a reservoir or vessel, in order to facilitate the discharge of a fluid from siicli vessel AB'JUTANT-GENER.SX, n. In the arviify a staff-officer, one of those next in rank to tlie commander-in-chief. He superintends the details of all the dispositions ordered by the commander- in-chief, communicates general orders to the different brigades, and receives and registers the reports of the state of each as to numbers, discipline, equip- ments, &c. ADJU'TORY,t a. That helps. ADJUVANT, or AD'JUVANT, a. ADMIRALTY ADULARIA ADVOCATE ADJU'VANT, nr AD'JUVANT, h. An assistant. — 2. In med.^ a substance added to a prescription to aid the opera- tion of the principal ingredient or basis. AD'JUYATE,t r. t. To help AD LIB'ITUM,n. [L.] [add.] Vamusic, this term denotes that the performer is at liberty to pause, or to introduce any cadence or addition of his o-mi, as his judgment directs. An accompaniment is said to be ad libiUim, when it is not essential, and may be either used or omitted as circumstances niav require. ADMARGINATE, r. t. To note, or write on the margin. [Rarelj/ used.] ADIIIX'ISTR ABLE, a. Capable of ad- ministration. ADMIRABILaTY, n. Admu-ableness. ADMIRABLE, n. A drink or liquor made of peaches, plums, sugar, water, and spirit. AD'MIR-AL, n. [add.] The office of lord high admiral has been in com- mission since 1709, with the exception of about sixteen months, during which it was held by the Duke of Clarence, afterwards M'ilUam IV. The commis- sioners, styled the lords commissioners of the Admiralty, were formerly seven, but are now six in number. The first lord is always a member of the cabi- net, and it is he who principally exer- cises the powers of the office. The admirals of her ilajesty's navy are dis- tinguished into three classes, named after the colours of their respective flags, namely, admirals of the red, of the tchite, and of the blue. Admirals of the red, who form the highest class, bear their flag at the maintop-gallant- mast head, those of the wliite at the foretop -gallant -mast head, and those of the blue at the mizzentop-gallant- mast head. There are also vice-ad- mirals and rear-admirals of each flag. The title of Admiral of the Fleet is merely an honorary distinction. There are also a vice-admiral and a rear-ad- miral of the United Ivingdom; but these places are now sinecures, being usually bestowed upon naval officers of high standing and eminent serrices — The red admiral buttertly is the Vanessa atalanfa. The white admiral butterfly is the Limenifis Camilla. It is so called from its fine flight. AD'MIRAL SHELL, n. The popular name of a subgenus of magnificent shells of the genus Voluta. AD'MIRALTY, n. [add.] The office and jurisdiction of the lords commis- sioners appointed to take the general management of maritime aflairs, and of all matters relating to the royal navy, with the government of its various de- partments. The lords commissioners of the Admiralty are now six in num- ber [see under Admiral]. — Adiniralti/ court, or court of admiraltif, is a tri- bunal liaving jurisdiction over maritime causes, whether of a civil or criminal nature. It was formerly held before the lord high admiral, but is now presided over by his deputy, who is called the judge of the court. The court of admiralty is twofold : the in- stance court, and the prize court ; but these are usually presided over by the same judge. The civil jurisdiction of the instance court extends generally to such contracts as are made upon the sea, and are founded in maritime ser- vice or conside:ution. It also regulates many other points of maritime law — as dispi\tes between pai t-owners of ves- sels, and questions relating to salvage. It has like^Wse power to inquire into certain wrongs or injuries committed on the high seas, as in cases of collision. In criminal matters the court of ad- miralty has, partly by common law, and partly by a variety of statutes, cogniz- ance of piracy, and all other indictable offences committed either upon the sea, or on the coasts, when beyond the limits of any English coxmty. The prize court is the only tribunal for de- ciding what is, and what is not lawful prize, and for adjudicating upon all matters, civil and criminal, relating to prize, or every acquisition made by the law of war, which is either itself of a maritime character, or is made, whether at sea or by land, by a naval force. The Court of Admiralty for Scotland was abolished by 1 William IV., c. G9, and the cases formerly brought before this court are now prosecuted in the court of session, or in that of the sheriff', in the same way as ordinary civil causes. ADMiR'ANCE,tn. Admiration. [5iJe/z- ser.] AD MIRATIVE,t n. The point of exclamation or admiration, marked thus [!]. AD:M1S'SI0N, n. [add.] Admissions in a suit, those facts or matters necessary to support the case of the plaintiff", or of the defendant, in a suit in equity, the necessity of proving which is re- moved by the opposite party admitting them. Admissions are either upon the record, or by agreement between the parties. ADMITTANCE, n. [add.] In law, the giving possession of a copy-hold ADJNut'TIBLE, a. Admissible. [Rar. us.] AD.MURMURA'TIOX,t n. A mur- muring to another. ADNAS'CENT, a. [L. adnascens.] Growing upon. ADOBE, H. [Sp.J A sun-dried brick. AD'OLODE, n. [Gr. ct neg., and S.Xw, fraud.] An apparatus for detecting fraud in distillation. ADON'AI, n. A Hebrew, Chaldean, and SjTiac name of the Supreme Being, signifjnng Lord or Sitstainer. It is from this that Adonis is derived. ADOOIISM adv. At doors; at the door. ADORABIL'ITT, n. Quality of being adorable. [Rar. tis.] ADOUE'MENT,t «. AdorabUity. ADOX'A, n. [Gr. a ^vithout, and i'4», glory.] Moschatel, a genus of plants, nat. order Araliacese. The only spe- cies, A. moschatellina, is a little incon- sjiicuous plant, found iu woods and moist shady places in all parts of Europe. The flowers have a musky smell, and the plant is much sought after by the curious, for the sake of its modest deli- cate appearance. AD'RAGANT, n. Gum tragacanth. [See Tr.ygacaxth]. ADSCITI'TIOUSLY, adv. In an ad- scititious manner. AD'SCRIPT, «. [L. adscriptus.] One who is held to service as attached to some object or place ; as when a slave is made an adscript of the soil. ADULA'RIA, n. A very pure limpid variety of the common felspar, called by lapidaries moonstone, on account of the play of light exhibited by the ar- rangement of its crystalline structure. It is found on the Alps, but the best specimens are from Ceylon. 8 ADULATE, V. t. To show feigned de- votion to ; to flatter. [Lit. us.] ADUL'TED,tpi?. Completely grown. ADUL'TEK,t r. i. To commit adultery; to pollute. ADULTERA'TIOX, n. [add.] The use of ingredients in the production of any article, which are cheaper and of a worse quality, or which are not con- sidered so desirable by the consumer as other or genuine ingredients for which thev are substituted. ADULT' SCHOOLS, n. Schools for instructing in reading and other bran- ches of knowledge grown-up persons who have not been educated in their youth. Adult schools were first estab- lished in England in 1811. ADUSTaBLE,trt. That may be burned up. ADVXNCE'-GUARD, ) n. The van- ADVANCED'-GUARD,y guard; the first line or division of an army in order of battle, in front of the main body ; opposed to rear-guard. — 2. A small body in advance of the main-guard. ADVA^XE MENT,7i. [add.] The pay- ment of money in advance ; money paid in advance. AD VANT'AOE, r. t [add.] To enjoy ; to profit by. [Shah.] ADVAUXST',t pp. [Fr. avance.] Ad- vanced ; driven forward ; impelled or hastened. [Spenser.] ADVENTTiy,! " An enterprise; an adventiu-e. ADVENTURE, n. [add.] A remark- able occurrence ; a striking event more or less important ; as, the adventures of one's life. In commerce, a specula- tion in goods sent abroad under the care of a supercargo, to dispose of to the best advantage, for the benefit of his employers. — Bill of adventure, a writing signed by a merchant, stating that the property of goods shipped in his name belongs to another, the ad~ venture or chance of which the person so named is to stand, with a covenant from the merchant to account to him for the produce. ADVERSABLE,t a. Contrary to ; op- posite- to. ADVERSARIA, n. [add.] In litera^ ture, a miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, or selections ; used as a title of books or papers of such character. ADVERSIFO LIATE,) a. [L. advcr^ AD VEKSIFO'LIOUS, ) sus, and/o/^ wm, a leaf.] Having opposite leaves; applied to plants where the leaves are so arranged on the stem. ADVERT',t V. t. To regard ; to ad- vise. AD^^:RTISE', or AD^VERTiSE. ADVERTISEMENT or ADVER- TISE'JIENT. ADVICE', n. Used by Shah, for govern- ment, municipal or civil. ADVI(>'ILATE,t r. i. [L. advigilo.] To watch diligently. ADViS'ERSHIP, 71. The office of an adviser. [Lit. us.] ADViZE'.t V. t. See Advise. [Spenser.] AD'VOCATE, «. [add.] In church history, a person appointed to defend the rights and revenues of a church or monastery. — The lord advocate is virtually secretary of state for Scot- land. He is assisted by a solicitor- general, and some junior counsel, termed advocates-depute. He is un- derstood to have the power of appear- ing as prosecutor in any court in Scot- land, where any person can be tried for an offence, or to appear in any actioD AERATED .^SCULACE^ AFFIDAVIT ^^•he^e the crown is interested. He and his assistants are always members of the ministerial party, and tliey all re- sign their offices on a change of minis- try. The FacuU}/ of Advocates consists of about 400 memberSj but of these only a small proportion profess to be practising lawyers. ADVOLA'TION,t n. Act of flying to something. ADVOU'TROXJS,t a. Adulterous. ADYNA'MIA, n. [Gr. « priv., and ivvocfjus, power.] In med-t a defect of vital power. ADTNAM'I€, a. [add.] Adynamic fevers, a term employed by Pinel to denote malignant or putrid fevers, at- tended with great muscular debility. ADY'TUM, n. [add.] The chancel or altar-end of a chm-ch. ADZE, V. t. To shape with an adze ; as, to adze logs of timber. ADZ'ING, ppr. Using an adze. .^'DIUTE, n. A species of mineral. AE'FAULD, a. Simple. [Scotch.] ^'GA, n A genus of isopodous crus- taceans, parasitic on fish, and hence called fish-lice. ^GA'GKE, 77. A wild species of ibex (Capra (cgafjrus), believed to be tlie original source of at least one variety of the domestic goat. In the stomach and intestines of this animal are found those concretions called Bezoar- siones. .^OE'AN SEA, n. The name given by the Greek and Roman winters to that part of the Mediterranean now called the Archipelago. .^(JJER'ID^, n. A family of hetero- cerous Lepidoptera, comprising a mo- derate number of intei'osting insects. Tlie larvte live in the interior of the branches or roots of trees. Some of them feed upon the apple. One species {^O^ria tipuUformis) is destructive to ciurant-bushes. jT'/61LOPS, n. A genus of grasses, one species, JE. ovata, found in the south of Europe, has been by some supposed to be the wild state of the cultivated wheat, an hypothesis quite untenable. ^GOBRON€HOPH'ONY, n. [Gr. a(S. a goat, /Sfcyx^f' the wind-pipe, and (fmv, voice.] in med., the bleating and bronchial voice ; the principal symp- tom in pleuropneumonia. iEGOPH'ONY, «. [Gr. «.|, a goat, and ^»>vii, voice.] A peculiar sound of the voice resembling the bleating of a goat. .^GOPOD'IUM, n, [Gr. «(« a goat, and s-owf, the foot.] Goutweed, a ge- nus of plants. [See Goutwort.] ^NE'ID, or EN'EiD, n. The name of Virgil's heroic poem, in which ^neas is the hero. ^O'LIAN, a. Pertaining to ^olus, the god of the winds. ^0'LI£;, a. Pertaining to yEolia. ^OLI'NA, n. A small musical instru- ment, consisting of a number of short, elastic, metallic laniinte, or springs, fixed in a frame, and acted on by the breath of the performer. It is now superseded by the accordion. JEOL'IPILE. ^^ee Eolipile. A'ER, n. [L.] Air. Used as a prefix in various terms. .^RA'RIUM, n. [L.] An exchequer or treasury. A'EUATE,r. L [add.] In zool, to change the circulating fluids of animals by the agency of the air ; to arterialize. A'ERATED, pp. [add.] Changed by the agency of the air; arterialized. I.— SUPP. A'ERATING, pp. [add.] Changing by the agency of the air ; arterializing. AERA'TION, n. [add.] The satura- tion of a liquid with air. In zool., the change in the circulating fluids of ani- mals, effected by the agency of air ; as tlie arterialization of the blood by res- piration in the higher animals, and the corresponding change in the lower animals. aE'RIAL, a. [add.] A term employed particularly to specify that part of per- spective resulting from the interposi- tion of the atmosphere between the object and the eye of the spectator; the gi'adatioii of the distinctness of form and colour. — Aerial fiier.] To trust ; AFFT',t ) to credit; to rely upon. [Chaucer.] [See Afft.] AFFIL'IATED, pp. or a. Adopted; associated ; received into a society. — Affiliated societies, local societies, con- nected with a central society, or with each other. AFFILIATING, ppr. or a. Adopt- ing; associating; receiving into a so- ciety. AFFILIA'TIOX, n. [add.] In law, the assik'nment, by law, of a child, as a bastard, to its father. AFFlN'ED,f a. Joined in affinitv. AFFIMITATITELT, adv. By means of affinitv. AFFINITY, n. [add.] In chem., this term was introduced from the idea of peculiar attachments and aversions sub- sisting between the particles of differ- ent substances, as exhibited in the phenomena of combination ; those sub- stances combining together only, which have a relationship to, or resemble, eacli other, [^ee Chemical Affinity, under Chemical.] — Single affinity, the property by wliich two elementary bodies unite into a binary compound, as when iron combines with oxygen to form oxide of iron. — Reciprocal or disposing a.fiinity, the property by whicli bodies which have no tendency to unite, are made to combine by means of a third, called in tliis case the medium. Thus, when a clean plate of platinxun is introduced into a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gases, the gases in con- tact with the metallic surface instantly unite and form water. — Quiescent af- finity, that property which prevents de- composition in a compound, by main- taining the elements in their existing state. — JDlvellent a.ffi7iily, that property which favours decomposition, by tend- ing to arrange the particles of a com- pound in a new form. — Inductive or current affinity, a term expressive of the peculiar exhibition of chemical af- finity in tlie simple voltaic circle. — Elementary affinity, that which takes place between the elements of a body. — In zool., affinity is a relation of ani- mals to one another, in the similarity of the greater part of their organiza- tion ; it is distinct from analogy, which denotes a resemblance of external form. AFFIRM'ANT, n. One who afBrms; one who makes affirmation instead of an oath. AFFLATUS, n. [L.] [add] In med.. a species of erysipelas which attacks persons suddenly. AFFLI€TIXGLT, ade. In an afHict- ing manner. AF'FLUENCT,n. Same as Afflcexce. AE'FLUEXT, n. A tributary stream ; a small stream or river flowing into a larger one. AF'FLUEXTXESS,t "■ State of being affluent. AFFOR'CIAMEXT,t n. A fort; a stronghold. AFFRAT,t v.f. To fright; to terrify; to put one in doubt. AFFKEXD'ED,+ pp. See A ffeiexd- ED. f5/)enjrcr.] AFFRIGHT EX,t v. t. Toterrifv;to affright. AFFUSION, n. [add.] In med., the act of pouring water on the whole, or part of the body ; a remedy in disease. Af- fusion may be performed by means of lotions, aspersions, the shower-bath, or douche. AFILE',t V. t. To file ; to polish or re- fine. [Cliaucer.] [See Affile.] AFORE', prep, or adr. Before. [ScoicA.] AFREET. See Afkit. -IFTJie, a. Belonging to Afnca; African. AF'RI€. n. The country of Africa. .\F'KI€AXISM, n. A word or phrase peculiar to Africa. .\FRIT', \ n. In Mahometan myth., a .\FREET', > powerful evil jinnee, or EFREET, ) demon. .\FT, adv. Oft. [Scotch:] AFTER, prep, [add.] Next to in excel- lence; about; concerning. -iFTER - ACCEPTATION, n. A sense not at first admitted. AFTER-DINNER, n. In Shah., tlie hour just after dinner. AF'TER-EYE.t v. i. In Shak., to keep one in view. AFTERIIEND', adv. Afterwards. [Scotch. i -4F'TER-LAW,t n. A subsequent law or statute. AFTER-NIGHT, After nightfall; in the evening. [American.'] AFTER - RECKONING, n. An ac- count given afterwards. A FTER-S AILS.— Definition in Dirt. erroneous; — substitute: All sails on the main and mizen masts are called after- sails ; that is to say, every sail that is on or abaft the main-mast, is an after- sail. AFT'WAKD, adv. In naut. Ian., af- termost; hindmost. AGAIN, adv. [add.] A'ehemently, or ex- cessively ; as, she cried till she sobbed again. AG.ALAC'TIA, n. [Gr. a priv., and }-«?.-«=,, love, charity, and fjunz. dwelling, abode. The abode of love, or of charity.] The name given to an institution at Charlinch, near Taunton, conducted on the principle of a community of goods. It was estab- lished by the Rev. Jlr. Prince in 1846. He was a clergyman of the Church of England; but, about 1845, embraced the tenets of a sect branched from the religionists called Lampeters. Their distinguishing belief is that " the day 10 of grace and prayer is past, and the time of judgment arrived." Mr. Prince suc- ceeded in inducing several ladies of fortime to adopt his views, three of whom were soon afterwards married to three of his male disciples or coadjutors, and all took up their abode at the Aga- pemone. Since then, Mr. Prince and his coadjutors have been several times before the public, in legal proceedings, arising out of the conduct of " the abode of love," and, from the evidence ad- duced on these occasions, some glimpses have been obtained illustrative of its internal management. In 18-50, there were between fifty and sixty persons, male and female, living in community, at the establishment. They profess to carry out the belief in their peculiar tenets by the exercise of perpetual praises to God, using prayer no more; by a community of property; and by living in a state of constant joyousness and mutual love. They, however, do not despise the good thmgs of this life, and have horses and carriages at com- mand. They pay no respect to the Sabbath more than to any other day, every one doing as he pleases, with this exception, according to the statement of Jlr. Prince, that "all play at hookey, males as well as females." AG'APHITE, n. The turquoise or turkois stone. AGARI"CIA, n. The mushroom mad- repore, a genus of coral madrepores, so named from its resemblance to mush- rooms (.Vgarici). AGAR'ICUS, n. The generic name of the mushroom tribe of the Fungi, which grow in decaying animal or vegetable substances. It comprehends those plants which have a cap, or piteus, of a fleshy nature, supported upon a distinct stalk, and a number of parallel unequal ver- tical plates or gills, arising out of the cap, and inclosing the particles, called sporules. A thousand species have been enumerated, of which a large propor- tion are poisonous; a iew are whole- some. [See MrsHKOOM.] AG'ATE-RING, n. A ring embeUished with agate. AG'ATHIS, n. The same as Damhasa. A genus of plants. [See Dammjira and Dammakin.] : AGATHO'TES, n. [Gr. .j..f«T;.-, excel- lence.] A section of Ophelia, a genus of plants found in India, nat. order Gentianaceae. The A. chirayta belongs to it, and is celebrated as a tonic, and anthelmintic, which latter circumstance has procured for it the name of worm seed plant . AG'ATIZE, V. t. To change into agate. AGA'VE, n. [add.] [named after the nymph Agave.] A genus of plants, nat. order Amyrillidacete. This genus com- prehends those plants called by garden- ers American aloes. There are many species, but the most important is the A.Americana. It yields, from incisions in the stem, a liquor, which by fer- mentation yields a beverage resembling cider, called by the Mexicans pulque. The fibres of the leaves are formed into thread and ropes, and an extract of the leaves is used as a substitute for soap; the flower-stem, when withered, is cut up into slices, and forms excellent razor-strops. AGE, n. [add.] In laxr, a person is said to be of age, when he has arrived at those periods of his life, at which he is supposed to have acquired sufficient discretion to enable him to do certain AGONISTICS Al AINCE acts and enter into certain contracts. By the comvwn laic of England, a man at the age of twelve years may take the oath of allegiance ; at the age of four- teen, a person of either sex may choose a guardian. A female at the age of twelve years, and a male at the age of foiu-teen, may make a valid will of per- sonal estate, but no person under the age of twenty-one years can make a will of lands. A person of either sex, at the age of seventeen, may be an exe- cutor or executrix. A woman may, by law, consent to marriage at twelve, and a man at fourteen ; but parties under the age of twenty-one cannot actually marry without the consent of guardians. A man cannot be ordained a priest till twenty-foiu-, nor a bishop till thirty years of age. A person of either sex, who has attained the age of fourteen years, is liable to prosecution and pun- ishment for crimes, but a child above seven years of age, and under fourteen, may be tried and punished for a crime, provided it clearly appears that he is conscious of the nature and wickedness of the crime. — In Shah., the term age is used for seniority. A6EE. See Ajee, in this Supplement. AGENE'SIA, n. [Gr. at priv., and ytnTis, generation.] Impotence. Also, any anomaly of organization, consisting in absence or imperfect development of the parts. A66ER0SE', a. In heaps, or formed in heaps. AGGRANTSIZEMENT, or AG'- GRANDIZEMENT. AGGRAP'PES, n. pliir. Hooks and eyes used in armour or in ordinary cos- tume. AGGREGA'TA, n. The name given by Cuvier to his second family of naked Acephalans, which consists of animals more or less analogous to the Ascidia^, but which are united in a common mass, except at their birth, when they live and swim about separately. AG'GREGATE, n. [add.] In iihysics, a mass formed by the union of homo- geneous particles ; in distinction from a compound, formed by the union of he- terogeneous particles. AGGRESS', V. t. To attack. [Rarely used.'] AGGRES'SIVENESS, n. The quaUty of being aggressive. AGHAST',t V. I. To terrify. {Spenser^ A6LL'L0€HUM, n. Aloes-wood. A6IST', instead of AGIST. A6IST'AGE, n. Same as Agistment. AGIST'ER, n. Same as Agistor. AG'LET-HEADED, a. Pointed with a tag at the head. AG'NUS, n. [L.] A lamb.— In the Rom- ish church, the image of a lamb, repre- senting oxu- Saviour. AGOMPHI'ASIS, n. [Gr. « piiv., and ya.u^e,*, a nail.] Looseness i)i the teeth. AGO'Nie LINES, n. [Gr. « priv., and •ymux., an angle.] The name given by Prof. August to two lines on the earth's surface, on which the magnetic needle points to the true north, or where the magnetic meridian coincides with the geographical. One of these lines, called the American agone, is in the western hemisphere, and the other, or Asiatic, is in the eastern hemisphere. Although they extend from south to north, they do not coincide with the meridians, but intersect them under different angles. AGONIS'TER,t ". A prize-fighter. AGONIS'TI€S, n. The art or theory of prize-fighting. AGOU'TY, n. Same as Agouti. The agoutis belong to the genus Dasyprocta ( IttiTvt. hairy, and ^^hxth, buttocks), and are separated from the Cavies properly so called. AG'llAPHIS, n. [Gr. — of ai'ms which were worn upon the shoulders of knights during a part of the middle ages. They were the proto- types of the modern epaulets. AILU'RUS, 77. A genus of carnivorous quadrupeds, belonging to the family Ursidse. The only species known is the A. refulgens, found in the north of India. It is of the size of a large cat, and is of a beautiful reddish-brown _colour. AIM, V. i. [add.] To guess or conjec- ture. [Shah.] AIMED, pp. [add.] Aimed at, guessed at. [Shaft.] AIN, a. Own. [Scotch.] * ' adv. Once. AINES, 3 [Scotch.] ALACKIOUSLY ALBTJJnNOSE ALDER BUCKTHORN AIX'SELLS, n. Ownselves. [Scotch.] AIR, n. [add.] An aeriform body ; a gas. In Shak., appearance; as, the quality and air of our attempt. e^5j ] '"'''■ •^'^'*- [•^™"'*] AlR-'CHAM'BERS, n. In hot, the same as Air-Cklls, — tchich see. AIK-€UK'RENT, n. A stream or cur- rent of air. AIK-€USH'I0N, n. A bag of air-tight cloth, into which air is blown till it expands to the necessary degree of ful- ness. It may be used as a cushion, or seat. AIK-EX'GIXE, n. .-Vnengineworked by heated air instead of steam. The form of air-engine contrived by Capt. Erricc- son, is named the caloric-engine, for no very good reason. AIR'ER, n. One who airs, or exposes to the air. AIR-HOLE, n. In founding, a fault in a casting, caused by a bubble of air pass- ing from a core outwards, and wliich is retained in the metal ; called also a blow-hole. ALR'ILY, adv. In an airy manner; _gaily. AIRN, n. Iron. [Seo/cA.] AIK-PUJIP (of a steam-engine), n. The pump by which the condensing water and condensed steam is drawn oif from the condenser. It is an appendage of every condensing engine ; but is not, of course, requisite in high-pressure, or non-condensing engines. [See cut in Diet. SlEiM-EXGlNE.] AIRT, 1-. /. To direct. [Scotch.] ALR-TRAP, n. [add.] Also a recess at a knee of a water-main, for receiving and retaining air that may be liberated from the water. It is provided with a valve for taking off the air from time to time, as it accumulates. AIRTS, n. Points of the compass. [Scotch.] AIT, n. A small island in a river or lake. Al'TAS, )i. plur. In Turkey, a kind of myrmidons, or military adventurers, of all nations, forming the irregular body- guard of a pasha, or provincial governor. In Europe, such are usually called Al- banians. AIT'-MEAL, n. Oatmeal. [Scotch.] AITS, n. Oats. [&o(c/i.] AVER i "• ^ workhorse. [Scotch.l AJEE', adv. Awry; off the right line ; obliquely; wTODg. {Scotch.^ A'JtlGA, n. [Gr. a\vyr'j unmarried.] Bugle, a genus of plants, nat. order Labiatse. Four of the species are Bri- tish, inhabiting pastures chiefly; they are hardy perennials. AJUST',t V. t. To adjust; to apply. [CAoMcer.] AKAN'Tlt:OXE. See Acanticone. AK'BEEK, n. In the East Indies^ a kind of red powder thrown on the clothes and person at Hindoo festivals. AKE'NIUM. See Achexicm. ARIM'BO, fl. Arclied; crooked. Tlie arms are akimbo, when the hands are on the hips, and the elbows arched outwards. [Sce Kimbo.] A'LA, n. plur. Ala^. [L.] A wing. [5ee Al^.] ALABAS'TER, n. [add.] Among anH- quaries and artists, the name alabaster is given to varieties both of cai'bonate of lime and g> psum ; the alabaster ves- sels of the ancients having been formed of both those substances. ALA€'RI()US,t a. Cheerful; lively. ALA€'K10L'SLY,t adv. Cheerfully. A-LA-FRAXCAlSE',a. [Fr.] After the French fashion. ALAIIE'DA, n. [Sp.] A pubUc walk planted with trees. A - LA - MORT', a. [Fr.] Depressed ; melancholy. AL'ANDS,t ) n. [Sp. alano.] A kind of ALAUN'S,t} bull-dog, chiefly used for hunting the boar. \^Chaucer.] ALaXE', adv. Alone. [Scotch.] ALANG'-ALA^G', n. A plant common in the islands of the Indian Archipe- lago. ALANGIA'CEiE, or ALANGIE'^,n. A small nat. order of polypetalous peri- gj-uous dicotyledonous plants, allied, in the opinion of some, to the M>Ttace£e, of others, to the Cornacere. They are ' almost entirely natives of India. They yield an edible, but not very palatable fruit. They afford good wood. A-L'ANGLAISE'. [Fr.] After the Eng- lish fashion, or manner. AL'AXTINE. 71. An amylaceous sub- stance extracted from the root of the Angelica archangelica, an umbellifer- ous plant. A'L AK, a. [L. ala, a wing.] Pertaining to, or having wings. ALARM, n. [add.] A mechanical con- trivance for awakening persons from sleep, or rousing their attention. ALAKM'--eLOCK, n. A clock which can be so set as to ring loudly at a particular hour, to wake from sleep, or excite attention. ALaRM'-GAUGE [of a steam-engine), n. An automic contrivance by which no- tice is given when the pressure of steam becomes too high, or the water is too low in the boiler, ALaRM'-GUN, n. A gun fired asasig- nal of alarm. ALARM'- WATCH, n. [add.] A watch that can be so set as to strike fre- quently at a particular hour, to awaken attention. ALAS'MODON, n. A genus of bivalve mollusca, which contains the large fresh- water mussel of our streams {A. mar- guritiferum), in which pearls are fre- quently met with. ALATED, A'LATE, instead of alated, alate. A LAT^ERE. [L.] From the side. Le- gate a latere. [See under Legate.] ALAU'DA, ji. The lark, a genus of pas- serine birds, of many species, found in all parts of the globe, and distinguished everjTvhere for their vigilance and their singing. [See Lark.] ALAU'DIN.^, n. The lark family. ALB, or ALBE, n. AL'BA, n. [L.] A surplice, or white sacerdotal vest ; an alb. AL'BACORE, n. A large species of fish, of the same family as the mackerel, which is common in the Mediterranean, and is occasionally taken on our south- ern coast. It is the Lichia glauca of naturalists. ALBAS'TKUS, n. In bot., a flower-bud. ALBE',t adv. Although; albeit. ALBEE',t adv. Albeit. [Spenser.] ALBINISM, or ^VL'BINISM. ALBr>018iI.«.Thestateofanalbino. ALBUGIN EA, n. [L.] The partial coat of the eye, formed by the expansion of the tendons of its straight muscles, at theu' insertion into the sclerotica, aroimd the cornea. It forms the tchite of the eye. ALBU MEAN, a. Relating to an album. [Not authorized.] ALBU'MlNOSE,o. Sameas Alcumix- Ol'S. 12 AL'BTTRN, a. Auburn. ALBURN'OCS, a. Relating to albur- num. AL'CA, n. In omith., the generic name of the auh. [See Auk.] AL'CADyE, n. A family of oceanic birds, including the auks, puffins, and guillemots. ALCAL'DE. n. [Sp.] In Spain, a magis- trate or judge. AL€-VR'RAZAS, n. [Sp.] A species of porous pottery made in Spain, for the purpose of cooling water. AL'€ARSINE, or AL'€ARGENE. See Alkarsine. ALCA'TO, n. [Ar.] A protection for the throat, used by the Crusaders, probably of the nature of a gorget of mail. ALCED'INJ^, \n. A familv of in- ALCEDIN'lBiE,! sessorial birds, in- cluding the kingfishers. AL€HEM'I€. See Alchtmic. AL€HEMILXA, w. [From the Arabic alhemelyahj alchemy.] Lady's mantle, a genus of plants. [See Ladt^s Mantle.] AL'CO,n, The nameof the variety of dog kept by the aborigines of the AVest Indies. It was small, and much pet- ted. The minute woolly dog occasion- ally brought to this country, and called the Mexican mopsy, is a variety of it. AL'€OATES, n. The name given to crystalline compounds formed by al- cohol* with several of the salts which it dissolves. ALCOHOL, n. [add.] The strongest alcohol that can be produced is termed absolute alcohol, to denote its entire freedom from water. — Alcohol of sul- phur, a name given to the bisulphuret of carbon. ALCOHOL'ilETER,) n. [Alcohol, AL€OHOM'ETER, ) and Gr. t^sr^o, measure.] An instrument for deter- mining the strength of spirits, with a scale graduated so as to indicate the percentage of pure alcohol, either by weight or volmue. ALCOHOLMET'RIC-AL,) fl. Relat- AL€0H0:MET'RI€.AX, > ingtothe alcoholmeter;as,a/foAo/mefrica?tables. ALCOOM'ETER, n. [Fr. alcoometre.] An instrument contrived by Gay-Lussac, for determining the strength of spirit, by indicating the percentage of pure alcohol by Tolume. ALCOOMET RICAL, a. Relating to the alcoometer. AL€ORAN'I€, a. Relating to the Al- coran, or Mahometanism. AL'CO\"E, or ALCOVE', n. [add.] A recess in a grove. ALCYO'NEiE, n. A group of marine productions, somewhat similar to the sponges, but more distinctly exhibiting an animated nature. They vary much in form, being either lobed, branched, rounded, or existing in a shapeless mass or crust. They are found in all seas, and at various depths. ALDER. The ancient genitive plural of the Saxon eal, all. It was formerly prefixed to adjectives in the superlative ; as, alder-Jxrst, first of all ; aider-best, best of all ; alder-liefest, or alder-lievest, dearest of all. 4LDERAM IN, n. A star of the third magnitude in the northern constella- tion Cepheus. AL'DER BUCKTHORN, n. A Bri- tish plant of the genus Rhamnus, the R. frangula. It is a shrub three or four feet high, and grows in woods and thickets. [See Rhamxus.] ALEXANDERS ALKALIFIABLE ALLEGATION ALD'ERMANCy, n. The office of an alderman. ^LDERAIAN'IC, a. Relating to, or becoming an alderman. ALDERMAN'ITY,t n. The society of aldermen. ^LD'ERMANRY, n. The office or qua- lity of an alderman. AL'DINE EDITIONS, n. A term ap- plied to those editions, chiefly of the classics, which proceeded from the press of Aldus Manutius, of Venice, for the most part in the sixteenth century. The ierm has been recently applied to certain elegant editions of English works. AL'DRIAN,t n. A star in the neck of the^Lion. [Chaucer.'] ALEAK', adv. In a leaking state. ALE€'TO,H. [A/ec(o, the fury.] A genus of the star-fish family, in which the rays are divided into two or three branches, and fui'nished with articu- lated threads. The name has also been given to a genus of zoophytes found in a fossil state. ALE€'TOR,H. [Gr. ttXizTa>^^, acock.] A genus of gallinaceous birds, peculiar to the New "World. They somewhat re- semble tm'keys, and have abroad tail of fourteen stiiV quills. There are several species of these birds, which are com- monly called curassows. They feed on fruit and buds, and are easUy do- mesticated. ALE'GAR, n. [add.] Vinegar made of ale. ALE6E',t V. i. faleg'.) [Fr. alleger.] To alleviate ; to soothe. iChaurer.] ALEG'EAUNCE,t n. Alleviation. [Chaucer.~\ ALEOt;'EAUNCE,t n. Alleviation. [Speriser.] AL'EIS.t n. [Fr. alise.] Aloes; the lote-tree. [Chaucer.] ALEMAN'NI€, a. Belonging to the Alemanni, an ancient people of Ger- many. ALEMAN'NI€, n. The language of the Alemanni, or ancient people of Ger- many. ALE' -MEASURE, h. An old liquid measure for ale, in which the gallon contained 2S2 cubic inches. ALETTE', n. [Ital. alefta.] The face of the pier of an arch, extending from the arris of the reveal ; but more particu- A W Alette. A, Arch. B,B, PiUani. 0, 0. Alett<:s. larly, that portion betwixt the arris of the reveal and the pillar or pilaster which is used to decorate the arch. ALEWjf 71. Halloo ; howling ; lamen- tation. [Spender.] AL'EXANDERS, n. The English name of a genus of plants, Smyrnium, — which see. ALEXAN1)RINE,a. Including twelve syllables ; as a verse or line. ALEXIPIIARM'I€, instead of AL- EXIPHAR]M'A€. ALEXIPHARM'ieAL, a. Same as Alexipharmic. ALEXlTER'I€AL,a. SameasALESi- TERIC. AL'GA, n. [L.] Sea-weed, AL'GAL, n. and a. One of the lower class of plants, or algas ; of or belonging to the algaa ; having the natui'e of algae. [Lindlc}/.] AL'GA-ROBA, n. [At.] The Arabic name of a tree bearing pods, containing a nutritious powder, supposed by some to have been the locusts on which St. John fed in the wilderness. AX'GAZEL, n. A species of antelope in- digenous to N. Africa (A. gazella). It is frequently represented on the Egyp- tian monuments. ALGEBRA'I€, > a. [add.] Alge- AL(JrEBRAF-GAL, J braic signs, cer- tain signs or characters used in alge- braical and matliematical operations, to denote the relation of numbers, magnitudes, and quantities ; as, (=) equality, (-)-) plus, ( — ) minus, (X) multiplication, &c. [See Sign.] AL'GEBRAIST, or AL^EBRA'IST. ALGuSE,t a. Extremely cold. ALGUAZIL', n. In Spain, an inferior officer of justice ; a constable. ALHA'GI, n. The Arabian name of a species of camel's - thorn, and now adopted as a genus in botany. It be- longs to the Leguminos£E, and contains several species. The A. camelorum is the true camel-thorn. A. maurorum, or an unknown allied species in Persia and Bokhara, yields manna by merely shaking the branches, and some writers are of opinion that it was with this manna that the cliildren of Israel were fed in the wilderness; but the varieties now found in Arabia and Egypt pro- duce no manna. AL'IBLE, a. Nutritive, or that may be nourished. AL'IDaDE, n. [Ar.] The index, or ruler, that moves about the centre of an astrolabe, or quadrant; the index of a graduated instrument. A'LIEN, n.^ [add.] By the Act 7 and 8 Viet., c. GG, various privileges are con- ferred upon aliens, of which, as the law formerly stood, they were deprived. An alien can now be naturalized with- out an act of Parliament. A'LlEN,t w. t. To alienate. A'LIENOR, n. One who transfers pro- perty to another. ALIGN', V. i. To form in line ; as troops. ALI'MA, ji. A genus of stomapodous Crustacea, the species of wliich are transparent. ALOIENT IVENESS, n. Among phrenologists, the name given to the organ that communicates the pleasure which arises from eating and drinking, and which prompts us to take nourish- ment. ALIS'MA, n. Water-plantain, a genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Alismacea?. [See Wateb-Plantain.] AL'ITURE,t n. [L. alitura.] Nourish- ment. ALIZ'ARINE, n. [From alizari, the commercial name of madder in the Levant.] A peculiar colouring principle obtained from madder. ALKALIFIABLE, or ALKAL'IFI- ABLE. 13 AL'KALIFIED, or ALKAL'IFIED. AL'KALIFY, or ALKAL'IFY. AL'KALIZATE, or ALKAL'I- ZATE, a. AL'KALIZATE,or ALKAL'IZATE.f V. t. To make bodies alkaline. [See Alkalize.] AL'IiALOID, a. Relating to, or con- taining alkali. ALKAN'A, n. See Alkenna, and Hen- na Plant. AL'ICER, n. A star of the third magni- tude in the constellation Crater. .^VLL, «. [add.] The utmost degree of; as, in all probability ; in all appearance. ^LL-ALONG',a(/y. Throughout; in the whole. ALL -AMORT', a. [Fr. a-la-mort] Dispirited. [Shah.] ALLANTO'I€, a. Pertaining to, or contained in the allantois. ALLANTO'IN, n. A crystalline sub- stance found in the allantoic fluid of the cow. AL'LA PRI'MA, n. [Ital.] A method of painting, in which the pigments are applied all at once to the canvas, with- out impasting or retouching. ALLAY',f V. i. To abate; to subside; to grow calm. ALL-BE',t conj. Although. [Spenser.] ALL-€ON^QUERING, a. That sub- dues everything. ALL-€ONSUM'ING, a. That con- sumes everything. ALL-€REAT'ING, a. Creating all things. ALL-DESlGNaNG, a. Designing aU things. ALL-DEVOURING, a. That eats or swallows up everything. ALL-DIRE€T'ING, a. Directing aU things. ALL-DIVINE, a. Supremely excellent. AL'LECRET, n. [Ger. all strength.] Light armour, used both by cavalry and infantry in the sixteenth century, and AHecret Armour, a.d. IMO. more especially by the Swiss. It con- sisted of a breastplate and gussets, often reaching to the middle of the thigh, and sometimes below the knees. ALLE€T',t V. t. [L. allecto, allicio.] To entice. ALLEGA'TION, n. [add.] Ecclesiasti- cal allegation, the term applied to the first plea in testamentary causes. In ecclesiastical proceedings of a criminal nature, the first plea is termed articles ; and in plenary, or ordinary causes, the first plea is called the libel. The term allegation is also applied to every sub- sequent plea in all causes. — Responsive allegation, the first plea given in by a ALLOCATUR ALLUVION ALNATH defendant, the plaintifiTs answer to ■which is called a counter-allegafion. — Exceptive allegation, an exception made by either party in the case, to the credit of any witness upon matter contained in his deposition. ALLEGE',! t*- 1. (aleg^.) To alleviate ; to lighten. [Spenser.] ALLEGGE',t To ease; to alleviate. [SpenserJ] ALLEGG EAUNCE,t n. Alleviation; ease; comfort. [Spenser.] ALLEGIANCE, n. [add.] Properly, the lawful obedience which a subject is bound to render to his sovereign. The bond of allegiance is mutual and reciprocal; by it, the subject is bound to obey, and the sovereign to protect. According to the law of England, the allegiance of a subject is permanent and universal. ALLE 6lANT,t a. Loval. ALLEGOR'I€,VL, a. [add.] Allegori- cal pictures, pictures representing alle- gorical subjects. They are of two kinds ; those in which the artist unites alle- gorical with real persons, and those in which he represents allegorical persons only. This latter is allegorical painting in the true sense of the term. AL'LEGORIZER, n. One who alle- gorizes, or turns things into allegory. ALLE'GRO, n. A piece of music per- formed in allegro. ALLEMANDE', n. A slow air in com- mon time ; or grave, solemn music, with a slow movement. Also, a moderately quick dance, written in two crotchet time. Also, a figure in dancing. ^LL-FORGIT'ING, a. Forgiving all. ALL-FOUR. See Four. ALL-FOURS, n. [add.] The phrase, on all-fours, has been sometimes used to sigi^y even or evenly ; consistent or consistently ; parallel ; square. No simile can go on aU-foitrs. This eiaoiple is on aU-fonrs with the other. MacauJay's Essays. ALL-HAL'LOWMAS, n. AU-hallow "tide. ALL HALXO^N,t a. Relating to the time about All-saints' day. ALL-HO'LY, a. Perfectly holv. ALLIANCE, n. [add.] Holu alliance. [See under Holt.] ALLIGATOR TORTOISE, n. A spe- cies of the Emydae or marsh -tortoises, with long tail and limbs, which cannot be entirely drawn within its bucklers. The alli;-rator tortoise [ Chehjdra serpen- tina) is a native of the lakes, rivers, and morasses of Carolina, where it is very destructive to fish and water-fowl. ALLIGN'MENT, n. See Alignment, Allinement. AL'LIS, n. A species of fish belonging to the herring family, also called the shad {Alosa communis). ALLIT'ERATIVENESS, n. Quality of being alliterative. ALLIT'ERATOR, n. One who nses alliteration. ALL-KNO"W1NG,rt. Omniscient; all- ^^ise. ALL LOVES. A former mode of ad- juration, meaning, for the love of all, as of heaven, earth, &c. ; as, speak of all loves f AL'LOCATE, v. t. To place; to set apart; to distribute; to assign to each his share. AL'LOCATED, pp. Set apart; dis- tributed ; assigned. ALLOCATUR, n, [L.] In law, a cer- tificate of allowance of cost of taxation by the proper officer. - ALLODLiLLT, adv. In an allodial manner. ALLON6E, r. i. (allnnj'.) To make a pass or thrust with a rapier. ALL0N6E', n. (allunj'.) [add.] A paper annexed to a bill of exchange, when there are so many successive endorse- ments'to be made that the original ' paper would not contain them. ! ALLOPATHIC, or ALLOPATH'IC, a. Pertaining to allopathv. ALLOPATH'ICALLY, adv. In a man- ner conformable with allopathy. ALLOPHYL'IAN, n. [Gr. «w.«, and <;vXr.y a tribe, a race,] '• The AUophylian nations," in archcEoL, is the term em- ployed by Dr. Richard in designating the primitive races supposed to have inhabited Britain and the continent of Europe, previous to the earliest historic indications of the Asian nations pass- ing into Europe. .4XLOT'5tENT, n. [add.] The act of allotting, or distributing by lot. — Allot- ment system, the practice of dividing land into small portions for cultivation by agricultural labourers, and other cottagers, at their leisure, and after they have performed their ordinary day's work. Since 1830, the adoption of this system has become common in all the agricultural counties in England ; but they are nowhere universal. The quan- tity of land allotted to each individual or family, varies from the eighth part of an acre to four or five acres. AL'LOTROPIC STATE, n. [Gr. «aa«, another, and res^sr, condition. | A term applied to the di^imilar condition ob- served in certain elements, of which the various forms of carbon, as diamond, graphite, &c., afiord a well-luio^^-n ex- ample. ^L OTER, adv. In familiar Ian., thoroughly; entirely; as, the book en- titledZ)om&eyanrf5o7i is Dickensa/Zorer. ALL O'VERISH, a. In loiclan., neither sick nor well. ALLO W,u.f. [add.] To approve. [.SAaft.] In America, to acknowledge ; to think. Used in a very loose manner, like the word guess. ALL-POWERFUL, a. Almighty; om- nipotent. ALLS, n. plur. All one's goods or pro- perty. [Vulnar.] ALL-SEAKCH'ING, a. That searches all things. ALL'-SORTS, n. A term used in gin- palaces to denote a beverage composed of left drops of liquor of various de- scriptions mixed together. ALL SORTS OF. In the soutJiern states of America, a low term for ex- pert, acute, excellent, capital ; thus, all sorts of a felloic, means an excellent, or smart fellow. ALL TO SMASH. An expression used in low and familiar language, and sig- nifvine, all to pieces. <\LL-fRl'UMPHING, a. EveryT\here triumphant. ALLU':>UNATE,t i*- '- To colour; to embellish. ALLURE',t n- Something set up to en- tice ; a lure. ALLUSION, n. [add.] In rAp/., a refer- ence to some striking incident in his- tory, or passage in some writer, which serves to illustrate, and at the same time pleases by similitude or resem- blance. ALLU'VION, 7J. [add.] Jn phys. geog., a tract of allurial formation ; particu- larly applied to the bottom-lands and deltas of rivers. 14 ALLY', r. I. To be closely tmited. AL'LYLE, n. A new radical, discovered in the essential oil of garlic {Allium sativum), which is a sulphuret of allyle. AL'iLA., n. See Alme. ALMA' AC, n. A star of the second magnitude in the northern constella- tion Andromeda. AL'MAI. See Alme. ALMANDIN. or AL MANT)IN'E. ALMAN'DRES,t n. Almond-trees. [Cliaucer.] ALMAYNE' RIVETS, n. [Fr. alle- mayne, that is, German.] In one. armour, sliding rivets, or rather, rivets fitting into slot-holes, by which various of the overlapping plates were fastened together, for the purpose of permitting the armotir to jield to the motion of the bodv. AL'MERY, n. See Ambut. AL'MOND-OIL, n, A bland, fixed oil, obtained from ajmonds bv pressure. ALMOND-SHAPED, a. Shaped like an almond. AL'MONER, n. [add.] The office of lord high almoner of England has been long held by the archbishops of York. There is also a sub-almoner, and the hereditary grand almoner is the Marquis of Exeter. The lord almoner makes an annual distribution of alms in the sovereign's name, to a certain number of poor persons at "Wliitehall, on Maundy- Thursday. ALM'RY,t n. Same as Almonkv. ALMS, n. [add.] Grammarians regard the word alms as of both numbers. In respect to its original form, it is sin- gular ; but, in respect to its meaning, either singular or plural. aLMS'-DRINK, n. According to "War- btirton, a phrase among good fellows, to signify that liquor of another's share which his companion drinks to ease him. ALMS'-HOUSE, n. [add.] In England, an edifice, or collection of tenements, built by a private person, and endowed with a revenue for the maintenance of a certain number of poor, aged, or dis- abled people. AL'MUCANTAR, AL'Jrc€ANTER, or AL'MACANTER. AL'JIUCE, ) n. [L. almutium.] A furred AU'MUCE, ) hood, having long ends, hanging down the front of the dress. Figure wearing the Almace, frciD k S«pulchrtl BrKtf. something like the stole, and which was worn by the clerg>- from the thir- teenth to the fifteenth centuries, for warmth, when officiating in the church during inclement weather. AL'NATH,t n. The first star in the ALSINACE^ ALUMNI AMARANTHACE.^ horns of Aries, whence the first man- sion of the moon takes its name. [Chaucer.] AL'NUS, n. [From the Celtic a?,^ near, and Ian, a river, or rather Heb. ^iVs, an oak.J The alder, a genus of plants, nat. order Betulace®. A. glutinosa, the common alder, is a well-known tree, which grows in damp places, or by the sides of rivers. It supplies ex- cellent charcoal for the manufacture of gunpowder; the bark is valuable for tanning, and tlie young shoots for dye- ing various colours, when mixed with other ingredients. Its stems, when hol- lowed out, are used for water-pipes, and underground purposes ; and the veiny knots of the wood are cut into veneers by cabinet-makers. A. incana, is the Turkey alder, which grows to a larger size than the common alder. A, cordffolia, the heart-leaved alder, is a native of Naples, and is one of the most interesting ornamental trees that have of late years been introduced into cul- tivation. There are several American species. ALOERETIN'ie ACID, n. An acid contained in the artificial bitter of aloes, along with aloetic acid. ALOET'I€, ) a. [add.] Consisting ALOET'I€AL,j chieflyof aloes; hav- ing aloes as a principal ingredient ; as, an aloetic preparation. ALOFT', prep. Above; as, alofi: the flood. [Shak.] ALONDEM adv. (alond'.) On land. [Chaitcer,] ALONG', adv. [add.] Along, when it signifies by the side of, near to, is usually classed among prepositions. ALOPECU'KUS, n. [Gr. <^K^iTr.l a fox, and ov^oi, a tail.] Foxtail-grass, a genus of plants. [See Foxtail-Gkass.] AL'ORING, "^ n. Theparapetwall, or, AL'ORYING, I more correctly, the AL'ORYNG, 1» gutter, or horizontal AL'UR, foot and water path, AL'URA, J which the parapet supported and protected. The word was applied with a more extended sig- nification to any passage or gangwaj', such as the triforium and clerestory galleries of a church, or the covered ways at the sides of streets, as may still be seen in the "rows" of Ches- ter. ALO'SA, n. [add. J Alosa vulgar is is the common shad, — which see. ALOS'EDjf P2). [Sax. hlisan.'] Praised. [Chaucer.] A-LOWE', adv. A fire; in a flame. [Scotch.] ALP, n. A local name for the bullfinch. AL'PA-GA, n. A species of Auchenia, indigenous to Peru, and celebrated for its soft wool-like hair. [See Paco.] AL'PES,f n. jil'ir. Bullfinches. [Chau- cer.] AL'PHA ORCE'INE, n. The name given by Kane to one of two blue com- pounds contained in archil ; the other he terms Seta orceine. AL'PHERATZ, n. A star of the second magnitude in the head of Andromeda. ALPHON'SINE, a. Relating to Al- phonso, king of Leon, or his astrono- mical tables. AL'PIOENE, a. Produced, or growing in alpine regions. 4LS,f arfy. Also ; likewise. [Chaucer.] AL-SEG'NO, n. In mw^., a notice to the performer that he must recommence. ALSIN A'CE^, n. The chickweed tribe of plants, a nat. order formerly, and Btill by most, included in the Caryo- phyllacere of Jussieu. It is distin- guished from lUecebraceae by nothing but the want of stipules. AL'SINE MEDIA, w. The name given by Linnaeus to common chickweed, or the Stellaria media of modern bo- tanists. ^L'SO, adv. [add.] When this word notes addition or conjunction, it is usually reckoned a conjunction. ALSTRa:ME'RIA, n. A beautiful genus of South American plants, be- longing to the nat. order Amaryllidacese, .and much cultivated in our green- houses. AL'TAN, n. A star of the first magni- tude in the northern constellation Aquila, the Eagle with Antinous. AL'TAR-SCREEN, v. In arch., the partition behind the high altar. AL'TAR-TOMB, n. In arch., a raised monument resembling a tomb. ^L'TERATIVE, a. [add.] Having the power to restore the healthy functions of the body, without sensible evacua- tions. ^LTER'ITY, n. State of being another, or different. [Rar. us.] AL'TERNACY, or ALTERN'ACY. ALTERN'ANT, a. In gcoL, a term ap- plied to rocks composed of alternating layers. ALTERN'ATE, a. [add.] In geom., al- ternate angles are properly the internal angles made by two lines with a third, on opposite sides of it. If the two lines are parallel, the alternate angles are equal. [See Alternate in Diet.] AL'TERNATE, or ALTERN'ATE, V. t. The latter accentuation is more generally used. AL'TERNATE, or ALTERN'ATE, ALTERNATELY PINNATE, a. In hot., a term used where the leaflets of a pinnate leaf are placed alternately on the common petiole, as in some vetches. AL'TERNATING, or ALTERN'AT- ING, 3);)r. ALTERN'ATIVE, a. [add.] Alternate ; as, alternative command. [Rowe.] ALTHE'A, or ALTHtE'A, n. ALTHE'INE, instead of ALTHEIN'E. ALTIL'OQUENT, a. High-sounding; pompous in language. ALTINOIA'CE^, n. A nat. order of dicotyledonous unisexual monochlamy- deous plants ; the same as Balsamitiuse, — which see. AL'TITUDE, n. [add.] Altitudes, haughty airs; excessive pride; as, to be in one's altitudes. ALTITUDINA'RIAN, a. Having alti- tude ; aspiring. [Not authorized ] AL'TO. [add. J In mus., the counter- tenor part, or that between the tenor and treble. [See Alt.] AL'TO CLEF, n. In mus., the counter- tenor clef. [See Alt.] AL'TOUN, n. Oldtown. [Scotch.] ALUCI'TID^, n. A family of small lepidopterous insects, nearly allied to the Tineidee, and having for its type the genus Alucita. The wings are sin- gularly divided into narrow, feathered rays; the antennas are long, slender, and setaceous; and the legs are long and slender. AL'UMED, a. Mixed with alum. ALU'MEN, «. [L.] A\um,-~which see. ALUMINIF'EROUS, a Containing or affording alum. ALU'MINITE, instead of AL'UMIN- ITE. ALUM'NI,??. plur. [L.] See Alumnus. 15 ALUMO-CAL'CITE, n. A silicious mineral. AL'UM-OINTMENT, It. Common tm-- pentine, lard, and powdered alum. AL'UM-ROCK, n. Same as Alum- Stone. AL'UM-SCHIST, n. Same as Aldm- Slate. AL'UM-WATER, n. A solution of alum in water; used by painters in water- colours. AL'URA, n. See Aloring. AL'VEATED, a. Formed or vaulted like a bee-hive. AL'VEOLAR, -^ n. [add.] Pertaining ALVE'OLAR, [ to the arteries and AL'VEOLAR Y, f veins of the sockets ALVE'OLARY, J of the teeth.— ^Z- veolar processes, the sockets of the teeth. — Alveolar structure, a term ap- plied to minute superficial cavities in the mucous membranes of the stomach, esophagus, and small intestines. AL'VEOLATE, or ALVEOLATE. AL'VEOLITE, or ALVE'OLITE. ALVE'OLUS, instead of ALVEO'LUS. AL'VINE CONCRETIONS, n. Calculi formed in the stomach or intestines. AL'VUS, n. [L.] The belly; the intes- tines; also the intestinal evacuation. ALY'S'SUM, n. [Gr. aXvcvo^.] A genus of plants, of the nat. order Crucifer*. The Koniga maritinia of Adamson was formerly called A. maritimum, and is still known as the sweet alysson; it is much cultivated, having white and fragrant honey - scented flowers, to which the bees are very partial. AJIABYR', n. An old British word, sig- nifying the price of virginity, and ex- pressing a barbarous custom whicli formerly prevailed in England and Wales, being a sum of money paid to the lord, when a maid was married within his lordship. AMACRAT'IC, \ a. [Gr. i^«. to- AMASTHENI€,5 gether,aud ;.§*t«, power, or (rfist-of, force.] Terms appli- cable to a lens photographically perfect, or which unites all the chemical rays into one focus. AMADI'NA, n. A genus of small birds, of the finch family, with short biUging beaks. There are several exotic species, which are called amadavats or ama- duvats. AM'ADINE, n. A substance produced from wheat and potato starch. AMAlST', adv. Almost. [Scotch.] AMALGAMATION, n. [add.] In America, the mixing or union of the white and black races. Amalgamation is a term applied particularly to the process of separating gold and silver from their ores by means of mercury. The mercury readily dissolves these metals, as disseminated in the minerals, and uniting with them, thus separates them from the earthy matters. The mercury is afterwards driven off from the amalgam by heat. AMAND',t V. t. [L. amando.] To send one away. AMANUA'TION,t n. Sending on a message. AMARANTHA'CE.^, n. A nat. order of monochlaniydeous dicotyledonous plants, chiefly inhabiting tropical countries, where they are often troublesome weeds. They are remark- able for the usually dry-coloured scales of which all their bractese and floral envelopes are composed. To this order belong the cock's - comb, the globe amaranth, the prince's feather, and the love-lies-bleeding of our gai'dens. AMBITUS AilENAUNCE AMICABILITY AMAKTLLIDA'CE.E.n. The Narcis- sus tribe of plants, a nat. order of monocotyledonous plants, mth six sta- mens and an inferior fruit, wliicii com- prehends the daifodil, the Guernsey and belladonna lilies, the Brunsvigias and blood-flowers of the Cape of Good Hope. The bulbs of some are poison- ous, especially those of H(Bmanthns tojcicarius, and some neighbouring species, in which the Hottentots are said to dip their arrow-heads. The bulbs of Narcissits poeticus, and some other species, are emetic. AMASSETTE', n. [Ft.] In paint., an instrument of horn, with which the colours are collected and scraped to- gether on the stone during the process of grinding. AMATE'.t »■ '■ instead of v. i. [add.] To subdue or daunt. [.SiJcn^er.] AMAT'Ep,t pp. Perplexed. [Spenser.] AMATEUR', n. [add.] One who culti- vates any study or art, from taste or attachment, without pursuing it pro- fessionally. AMATEUK'SHIP, n. The character or quality of an amatem*. [Xot authorized.] AMATOR'€ULIST,t n. [L. amator- cutus.] An insigniticant lover. AMATO'KIAN, a. Pertaining to love ; as, amatorian odes. AMATO'KII,7i.p/i(r. [L.] The superior oblique muscles of the eye; so named from the expression which they impart. A MAX IMIS AD MIN'lJIA. [L.] In logic, from the greatest tilings to the least. AJU'ZINGLY, adv. [add.] Wonder- fully; exceedingly; very much. [Used in colloquial Idnguage, and applied to trifling things.] AJ1'AZ0^'-A^'T, n. The Formica ru- /e^ceni is so called. The neuters of this species of ant make slaves of the neu- ters of other species of ants. AMAZON-LIKE, a. Resembling an amazon. AMBA'GINOUS, a. Circumlocutory; tedious. [Bar. us.] AMBA'GITORY, a. Same as Amba- GINOL'S. AM'B AR IE, n. In India, an oblong seat, furnished with a canopy and curtains, to be placed on an elephant's back, for the accommodation of riders. AM'BARY, n. An East Indian plant, the hibiscus. AMBASSADE'.t n. [Fr.] Embassy. AMBASSADORIAL, a. Belonging to an ambassador. [Rar. us.] AM'BASSAGE,t n. An embassy. AMBASS'ATRLE,t n. [Fr.] Embassy. [Chaucer.] AJI BASSy,t n. An embassy. AM'BER, 71. [add.] Amber is chiefly used for ornamental purposes. It is cut, for instance, into beads for neck- AM'BER- WEEPING, a. Distilling am- ber. AMBER-YELLOW, n. An ochre of a rich amber colour, in its raw state ; when burned it yields a fine brown-red. AM'BES-AS,t 71. [Fr.] Two aces at dice. [See Ambs-Ace.] [Chaucer.] AM'BIUE.YTER, orAMBLDEX'TER. AMBILOQUY.t "■ Use of doubtful expressions. AMBl'TIOUS, a. [add.] Anxious to please. AJIBI-'TIOUSLY, adv. [add.] Studi- ously; anxiously. AM'BITLS, n. [L.] [add.] A going round ; a circuit ; circumference. The circumference or exterior edge or bor- der of a thing, as of a leaf — -In Roman hist., a canvassing for votes by candi- dates for office. AMBLING, n. The motion of a horse that ambles. AMBLO'TIC, a. [Gr. .u;Sx««t, abor- tion.] Having the power to cause abor- tion. AJIBLYATHIA, n. [Gr. .a^SXw, dull, and «(^,|, touch.] Insensibility of touch or general feeling. AMBLYO'PIA, n. Same as Ambltopy. AMBLYP'TERUS, n. A genus of fishes, with heterocercal tail, only found in a fossil state. The species are charac- teristic of the coal formation, AM BON, n. Same as Ambo. AMBRO'SIAN, a. Pertaining to St. Ambrose. — The Ambrosian office, or ritual, is a formula of worship in the church of Milan, instituted by St. Am- brose. — Amhrosiaii chant, a mode of singing or chanting introduced by St. Ambrose. It was more monotonous than the Gregorian, which was used atterwoi'ds. AMBUL.A'CRA, n. [L. ambulacrum, an alley.] The narrow longitudinal por- tions of the shell of the echinus, or sea- urchin, which are perforated by small orifices, traversed by tentacular suckers, and alternated with the broad tuber- culated portions. AMBULANCE, n. [Fr.] A moving hospital or place of succour for the wounded, formed for the occasion in the immediate vicinity of the field of battle, so as to be out of the reach of the enemy's fire. Such hospitals are attached to every French army or di- vision of an army. They were intro- duced during the wars of Napoleon. AM'BULATOR, n. In road-surveying, an instrument for measuring distances. [See Peb.'vmbulator, of which this term is merely a contraction.] AM'BULATORY, a. [add.] In omith., formed for walking ; applied to the feet of birds mth three toes before and one beliind ; as the passerine birds. AMBUSCADE, or AMBUSCADE', n. [add.j A body of troops lying in am- bush. AMBUSCADE, or AMBUSCADE', V. i. AMBUSCADED, or AMBUSCa'- DED, pp. AMBUSCADING, or AMBUSCa'D- ING. AMBUSCA'DO,+ n. An ambuscade. AJIBUSCA'DOED.t a. Privately post- ed. AMBUST',t a. [L. ambusttis.] Burnt. AMEBE'AN, a. Answering alternately. [See Amobe.uj.] AMEER', ) »i. [Ar.] A nobleman ; a AMIR', ) chief ; an emir, — jvhich see. AJI'EL-CORN, J n. [Latin, ami/lum, AM'YL-CORN, ) starch.] A species of corn formerly used for starch. AMELIORATOR, n. One who ameli- AM'ELLED,t a. EnameUed. A^IEL'LUS, n. A plant mentioned by Virgil, and known to botanists as Aster ameUtfs ; it has the flowers in heads, like the other CompositBe, those in the centre yellow, those in the cir- cumference purple, from not under- standing which Dryden and other English poets have given an absurd translation of the passage. AM'ENAGEjf n. Manage; carriage. [See Amenance.] [Spenser.^ AM'ENAUNCE,t n. See Amenakce. [Spenser.] 16 A5rENT)E', n. [add.] In popular lan^ the phrase amende honorable is used to signify a public or open recantation and reparation to an injured party for im- proper language or treatment. AJIEND'ilENT, n. [add.] In parlia^ mentary proceedings, an alteration pro- posed to be made in the draught of any bill, or in the terms of any motion under discussion. Sometimes an amend- ment is moved, the effect of which is entirely to reverse the sense of the original motion ; but when this is the object in view, the more usual way is to move a negative. In public meet- ings held for discussion the term amend~ ment is used to signify an alteration proposed to be made in the terms of any motion ; and sometimes it is used to signify a counter-motion.— In /ate, this term properly signifies the correc- tion of mistakes in the written records of judicial proceedings. A IIEN'SA ET THO'RO, or A MEN'- SAETTORO. AMENTA'CE^, n. The name given by Jussieu to those plants, the flowers of which are arranged in a dense spike called an amentum ; as the poplar, the birch, the willow, the oak, the hazel, &c. But modern botanists have sepa- rated the Amentacefe into several dif- ferent orders, as Cupuliferje, Salica- ceie, Betulacese, and Platanaceie. AMEN'TU.\!, n. [Lat.] The thong or strap by which the ancients fas- tened their sandals or shoes to the foot. A5IEN'TT,t «• [Fr. amentie.^ Mad- ness. A:MEN'rSE,t V. t. [Fr. amenuiser.'] To lessen ; to diminish. [Chaucer.] AjMERCE'ABLE, a. Liable to amerce- ment. AJIERC'IAJIENT, n. Same as Amercement. A:MER'ICAN. Incorrectly written AMERI'CAN, in some of the earlier issues of the Did. Ail'ESS, n. Same as Almuce, — which see. AMETABOXIA, ) n. a division of AMETABO'LIANS,} insects which do not undergo any metamorphosis, but which escape from the egg nearly under the same form which they preserve through life. [See Metabohans.] AM'ETHYST, n. [add.] The Oriental amethyst is a rare violet-coloured gem, called corundlun or adamantine spar, with the qualities of the sappliire or ruby. The amethyst consists chiefly of silica. AMETHYSTINE, a. [add.] Composed of the amethyst; as, an amethystine cup. AMHAR'IC, n. The vernacular lan- guage of South-Western Abyssinia. It is said to be a degenerated Shemitish dialect, with many African elements. AMHERSTXl, w. A genus of plants, named in honour of Lady Amherst, belonging to the nat. order Legumi- nos». The flowers are large, red, and form a raceme about three feet long. Its native country is unknown. There is only one species, tlie A. nobilisy of which three trees were observed by Dr. Wallich in Burmah,in which coun- try the flowers are collected and laid before the shrines of their deities. AM'IATITE, n. In miner., fiorite or pearl-sinter. A5IICABIL ITY, n. Quality of being amicable. AMONG AMPHIGAMOUS AMPUL AMI'-GAL, a. [L. amicus.'] Friendly; amiable. AM'I€T, n. Same as Amice. AM1'€US CU'KI.E, n. [L.] In law phrase, a friend ofthe court; astander- by, who informs the jud^e when doubt- ful or mistaken in matter of law. AM'IS^t n. [Amice.] Apparel; gai-ment. [Spenfier.] AMISS',t n. Fault. [Shah.'] AMIS'SlON.t n. [L. amissio.] Loss. AM'MIDE, n. A more correct ortho- p-aphy of AMIDE, — which see. AM'.MIDIHE, ) n. A compound of am- AM'IDIDE, I mide with a metal; as, the ammidide of mercury. AMM1D'06EN,) n. A basifyin^ and AMID'OGEN, j' basic principle, com- posed of two equivalents of hydrogen, and one of nitrogen. It is the same as Ammide. AM'MIUAL, n. An obsolete form of Admiral. AMMOCE'TESfnot AMMOCETE), «. A genus of cyclostomous fishes, sepa- rated from the lampreys. One British species is known, the pride or stone-grig {A. branchialis)\ it is occasionally met with in our rivers, where it lodges in the mud. AMMODY'TES (not AMMODYTE), n. A genus of eel-shaped fishes, which contains two British species, the wide- moutlied launce {A. iobianus), and the small-mouthed launce {A. alliciens). AMMONI'ACUM,) n. Same as Am- AMMO'NIA€UMj moniac Gum,— which see. AM'MONITE, n. [add.] A fossil genus of cephalopodous molluscs, allied to the recent genus Nautilus. This genus, however, may be considered rather as a family, including many genera. To this family the name Ammoniiidrs is given It contains the genera, Gonia- tites, Ceratites, Ammonites, Scaphites, Hamites, and others. [See cut in Diet Ammonite.] AMMOPH'ILA, n. [Gr. at^a^j, sand, and fi>.6t, a lover.] Sea-reed, a genus of plants, nat. order GramineEe. A, arundinacea, common marum, sea- reed, mat-weed, or sea-bent, grows on sandy sea-shores, and is extensively employed in Norfolk and Holland for preserving the banks of sand which protect those countries from the in- roads of the sea, as it serves to bind down the sand by its long tou:^h roots. It is also manufactured into door-mats and Hoor-brushes. In the Hebrides it is made into ropes, mats, bags, ami hats. It was formerly referred to the genus Arundo. — In zool., the name of a long-bodied genus of fossorial hymen- optera, commonly called sand-wasps. AMNE'SIA, n. "[Gr.] Forgetfulness ; loss of memory. AMNie'OLIST,t w. [L. amnicola.] One who dwells near a river. AiMNl6'ENOUS,t a. Born of a river. AMNIOT'I€, a. [add.] Pertaining to the amnion; contained in the amnion; as, the amniotic tlnid. AMOBE'AN, a. Properly AM(EBiE'- AN. AMOBE'UM, n. Properly AMO^B^/- UM. AMO'ME^, n. A nat. order of plants, now called by some Scitamineaj, by others Zingiberaceae. AMON'ESTE,t u. t. (araon'est.) [Fr.] To admonish; to advise. [Chancer.] AMONG, I i^rep. [add.] Used in im- AMONGST,) puting an action to a number of persons in general, without T.— SuPP. determining the agency of any of them in particular; as, you have among you killed a sweet and innocent lady. [Shak.] AMORETTE', ) h. [Fr.] An amorous AMOURETTE', J woman ; also, alove knot, or a trifling love affair. AMOR'TiZE, or AMOR'TISE. AMPARTIIRO'SIS, w. Same as Am- PIIIARTHROSIS. AM'PELIG ACID, n. An acid obtained from the oils of bituminous schist. An oily matter prepared from the same substance has been termed Ampelin. AMPEL'ID^, n. The chatterers; a family of insessorial or perching birds, distinguished by the enormous width of their gape, which in many extends beyond the eye ; most of them inhabit tropical America. [See Chatterer,] AMPELID Eii:, or VITA CE^, n. A nat. order of tlialamiilorous plants, to which the genus Vitis, including the V. vinjfera, or common vine, belongs. AIM'PELIS, 71. A genus of perching birds; the chatterers. [See Chat- terer. J AM'PEUTE, n. [add.] This term is also applied to a kind of slate, found in the fossiliferous series of rocks. There are two varieties ; the first is termed alum-slate, and the second, graphic- slate. AMPELOP'SIS, n. [Gr. aumXos a vine, and t,-^.i resemblance.] A genus of plants, nat. order Ampelidese, or Vita- cese. Many of the species are known by the name of creepers. AMPERE'S THEORY, n. An electro- dynamic theory establi.shed by Andr^ i\Iavie Ampere. In this theory the mutual attraction and repulsion of two magnets is referred to the mutual ac- tion of electric currents, according to a certain fundamental law, in a manner resembling the polar attraction of elec- tricity in a state of tension. Ampere conceived that the magnetic action of the earth is the result of currents cir- culating within it, or at its surface, from east to west, in planes parallel to the magnetic equator. AMPHIB'IAL, a. Pertaining to the amphibials; having the power of living in air and water. [See Amphibious.] AftlPHIB lALS, ) 71. [add.] These AMPHIBIANS, J- terms are strictly AMPHIB'IA, ) applicable only to such animals as have the power of liv- ing indifferently at the same time, either upon landorin water, or to such animals as possess both lungs and gills. Four genera of batrachian reptiles are found to possess this double apparatus, viz., the a.voloils, the menobranchi, the sire7is, and the profeus. These are the only known vertebrated animals that are truly amphibious. Taking the term, however, in a sense somewhat more extended, it might be made to include the whole order of batrachians. Cuvier uses the term to designate a family of marine quadrupeds, including the seal and walrus. AMPHIBOLIC, or AMPHIBOL'IC. AMPHIB'OLOID, w. A rock composed of amphibole and felspar, in which the amphibole predominates ; a variety of greenstone. AMPH1IJI{A€HYS, n. Same as Am- phibrach. AMPHIDES'MA, n. A genus of marine bivalve sliells, wliicii live in the sand on the sea-coasts of this and other countries. The shell is inequilateral. AMPHIG'AMOUS, a. [Gr. cup, and 17 jxcws, nuptials.] A temx applied by i)e CandoUe to those cellular crypto- gamic plants which exhibit no trace whatever of sexual organs. AMPHIOX'US, jt. The lancelet, a email fish of the lamprey family. So rudimentary is the structure of this genus of fishes, that Pallas regarded and described the first species as a slug (Limax.) One species (A. lanceolatus) is found on the coasts of England and Ireland, in the Firth of Clyde, and the Mediterranean. Two other species of this curious genus have lately been dis- covered, one in S. America, and the other in the Eastern seas. The genus is also called Branchiostoma. AMPHIPLEO'RA, n. In bat, a genus of diatomaceous plants allied to Navi- cula, with which it was combined by Ehrenberg, in his work on infusorice. AMPHIP'NEUSTS, n. [Gr. a.aj,, and ir.!4i, to breathe.] A term applied to the true amphibials ; as, the siren, and pro- teus. Ai\IPHIPRO'RA, n. In hot., a genus of diatomaceous plants. AMPHITET'R AS, n. In bot., a genus of diatomaceae. AMPHITHEAT'Rie, a. Same as Am- PIIITHEATRICAL. AJIPHITHEAT'RI€ALLY, adv. In an amphitheatrical form. AM'PHITKITE, n. [add.] These ani- mals belong to the order Tubicola, and class Annulata, of Cuvier. They are easily recognized by their golden-co- loured setje, disposed in the form of a crown. Some of them construct slight tubes of a regular conical form, which they carry about with them. AMPHIT'RbPOUS, a. A term applied to the ovule of plants, when the fora- minal and chalazal ends are transverse with respect to the hilum. AIIPHIU'MA, n. A genus of batra- chian reptiles, which frequent the lakes and stagnant waters of N. America. They first appear in the tadpole form, and afterwards gradually acquire small legs and feet. The body is of great length. AMPHORA, n. In bot, a genus of dia- tomaceous plants founded on the Navi- cilia amphora of Ehrenberg. AM'PHORAL, a. Pertaining to, or re- sembling an amphora. AMPHORIC RESONANCE, n. [L. amphora, a vessel.] In auscultation, a sound of the chest like that heard on blowing into a decanter. AM'PUL, n. [L. atnjmlla.] A vessel used in ecclesiastical rites, various in shape and materials, and formerly employed for containing the consecrated oil used in baptism, consecration, &c. ; and also at the co- ronation of mon- nrchs. In England and prance, a ves- tel of this liind is still in use for the anointing of sove- reigns. That for France was kept at R helms, and is t:aid to have been brought from hea- Ampui ™" ^^ ^ dove for the baptismal unc- tion of Clevis 1. It disappeared at the Revolution. The ampulla of England is an eagle of pure gold, and richly chased. a u ANABAS ANAGALLIS ANATOJIY AMTYX, 71. [Gr.] A broad band, or plate of metal, often enriched with precious stones, worn on the forehead by Greek and Roman ladies of rank. Ele- phants and horses were sometimes decorated with a similar orna- ment. AM'SEL, n. A name sometimes given to the blackbird. [See Amzki. A'MDLE. See Amyle. AMUR€OS'ITY,t n. [L. amurea, lees of oil.] The quality of lees, or scum. AIWUR'COUS,t a. Full of dregs or leesj foul. AMUS'ABLE, a. Capable of being amused. AMT'ELOUS, a. [Gr. * priv., and uliXc;, medulla.] In med.y a term applied to the fetus, in cases in which there is complete absence of the spinal mar- row. In cases in which tlie encephalon also is absent, the fetus is termed amj/- encepkalous. AMYG'DALjI^, n. A name given to the exterior glands of the neck, and to the tonsils. AMYGDAL'EiE, n. The almond tribe of plants, a sub-order of the Rosaceje. The species are trees op shrubs, with al- ternate leaves, with free stipules ; poly- petalous corolla ; perigynous stamens : ovary superior, solitary, one-ceiled ; style terminal ; fruit drupaceous, one- seeded. The peach, nectarine, plum, cherry, almond, apricot, prune, darason, and buUace are produced by different species of the order. The species are all, more or less, poisonous, from their leaves and kernels yielding an abund- ance of prussic or hydrocyanic acid. AMYG'B ALINE, n. [add.] This pro- duct contains nitrogen, and is one of the bases of hydrocyanic acid, though it does not possess the poisonous pro- perties of that powerful agent. AMYGDALOID'AL, instead of AMYG'DALOIDAL. AMYG'D.AXUS, n. [add.] This genus comprehends the almond, peach, and nectarine, besides a few bushes. Of the common almond there are two prin- cipal varieties, the sweet and the bitter. A'MYLE, n. [Gr. etuvXot. starch, and Z\v, matter, Qr principle.] The hj-pothetical radical of a series of compounds derived from oil of potato-spirit, which is itself, when pure, the hydrated oxide of amyle, analogous to alcohol. Both the radical and its hydrated oxide are un- known in a separate state ; but a suffi- cient number of compounds has been obtained to render its existence highly probable. AMYL'I€ ACID, n. A volatile acid ob- tained by digesting moistened starch with peroxide of manganese. AM'YLIN, or AM'YLINE. AM'YLU-M, n. [L. from Gr. «.u^\o*.] Starch. AMYUIDA'CE.T:. See Amyride^. AM'YRIS, n. [From Gr. /av;(», myrrh.] A genus of plants, and perhaps the only legitimate one, of the nat. order Amyridace.-e. The species which are found in tropical climates are fragrant resinous shrubs. A. Plumierii is said to yield part of the gum-elemi of com- merce. A. iOTifera is said to be poi- sonous; while the wood of A. balsami- fera furnishes a sort of lignum-rhodium. AN, n. See Annats. ANABAP'TIZE,t r. (. To rebaptize. AN'ABAS, n. The name given by Cuvier to a genus of acanthopterygious bony fishes, remarkable for the power pos- sessed by the species of living for some time out of water, and making their way on land for considerable distances. There is but one species of this genus, the A. scandens, which inhabits India and the Indian Archipelago, living in marshes, and feeding on aquatic in- sects. It is about six inches in length. AN'ABLEPS, n. A genus of malacop- terygious bony fishes, remarkable for the curious structure of their eyes, AuttUitps, tetrooiihthalmus. which have two pupils, and appear as if double ; but there is only one crys- talline humour, one vitreous humour, and one retina. The A, tetraophthal- mus inhabits the rivers of Guiana. It has a cylindrical body, a flat head, and a blunt snout, while the upper jaw pro- jects beyond the lower. ANACARDIA'CE/E, n. The cashew- nut tribe of plants, and the same as Terebinthacce ; a nat. order of poly- petaJous dicotyledons, ^\ith perigynous stamens, a simple superior ovary and fruit, with a single ovule rising by means of a cord from the base of the cell, and alternate leaves without stipules. Tlie species are chiefly natives of tropical .\merica, Africa, and India ; they con- sist of woody plants, abounding in an acrid resin, and their juice is often used as a varnish ; but it is often dangerous to use, on account of the extreme acri- dity of the fumes. To the order be- long the rhus or sumach, the pistacias, the mango [Mangifera Indica), the cashew {Anacardiiun occidentale\ the marlving - nut {Semecarpus anacar- duim)y the varnish -tree of Martaban {Melanorrhece usifatisshna), and the Japan-lacqner [Stanmaria vernicijlua). ANA€ATHAR'SIS, h. [Gr. «i«, and xaSai^ai, to cleauso.] In med., cough, at- tended by expectoration. AXACEPHAL^'OSIS, n. [Gr. «»«- | xi^at^outuirif.] In ^/le^, a summing up; recapitulation. ANA€URON'I€, a. Containing ana- chronism. ANAC'RISIS, H. [Gr. inquiry.] Among civilians^ in former times, an investiga- tion of truth, interrogation of witnesses, and inquiry made into any fact, espe- cially by torture. AN.^MOT'ROPHY. n. [Gr. « priv., and iiuat, blood, and t^*;*!, nourishment. J In jned., a deficiency of sanguineous nourishment. AN^STHET'IC, a. Of or belonging to ansesthesia; having the power of de- priving of feeling or sensation. Chlo- roform and sulphuric ether are power- ful ana?sthetic accents. AN.ESTUETa€,«. Asubstance which has the power of depriving of feeling or sensation ; as chloroform, when its vapour is inhaled. ANAGAL'LIS, w. [Gr. «*« again, and tt^xWM, to adorn.] Pimiiernel, or poor man's weatlier-glass, a genus of plants. [See Pimpernel.] IS ANAGLYPH'I€, a. instead of AN- AGLYPHIX. ANAGLYPH'IC, n. In anc. sntlp., a term applied to chased or embossed work on metal, or to anything worked in relief. ANAGLYPTOGRAPH'IC ENGRA- VING, n. That process of machine ruling on an etching ground, which gives to a subject the appearance of being raised from the siuiface of the paper, as if it were embossed, and is frequently employed in the representa- tion of coins, medals, bass-reliefs, &c. ANAGLYPTOG'RAPHY, n. [Gr. «m, ^Xvco, and y^xiai, to write.] The art of copying works in relief. ANAGNOR'ISIS, n. [Gr.] In rhet., recognition ; the unravelling of a plot in dramatic action. AN'AGRAM, v. t. To transpose; as the letters of a name. [Rar. us.] ANAGRAMMATaC, a. [add.] Found- ed, or pr ceeding on the transposition of letters. AN.VLE€'TA, n. plur. [L.] Fragments ; refuse ; collections of extracts or small pieces from different authors ; analects. ANALE€'TI€, a. Collected together; relating to collections, or selections, ANALEP'SIA, n. See Analepsis. ANAL'OGONjH. Something analogous. [Rar. usjj ANALYZA'TION, n. Act of analyzing. ANAMORTHOSIS, or AXAMOR- PHO'SIS. ANANAS'SA, n. The pine-apple, a genus of plants, nat. order BromeUaceas. [See Ananas and Pinc-Apple.] ANAN"GULAR, a. Without angles. ANAPEST 1€AL, a. Same as Ana- PESTIC. ANAPEST ICALLY, adv. In an ana- pestic manner. ANARTHROUS, a. [Gr. «. priv., and <■;()•»». a joint, or article.] In gram., without the article. — In eniomol., hav- ing neither wings nor legs, as some in- ANASTAT'ie PRINTING, n. [Gr. ttniTTr.f/j, to raise up.] A mode of ob- taining fac-simile impressions of any printed page or engraving without re- setting tlie tj-pes or re-engraring the plate. The printed page or engraving being saturated with dilute nitric acid, which does not affect the portion co- vered with printing-ink, a transfer is taken on a plate of zinc, which is soon eaten or corroded away by the acid from the non-printed parts of the page, leaving the printed portion in slight relief. A further application of acid deepens the corroding and heightens the relief to the e.\tent necessary to enable the subject to be printed in the ordinary manner. ANAS'TOMIZE, t). i. In bot, to grow together, as two parts which meet from different directions. ANATH E.MATIS.M,t n. Act of ana- thematizing. ANATH'EMATIZER, n. One who anathematizes. AN'ATHEME, 71. An anathema. [Rar. ANAT'ED^i:, n. The duck kind, a fa- mily of web-footed birds, of whicli the genus Anas (Linn.) is the type. It com- prehends ducks, geese, and swans. ANATOMIZA'TION, n. The act of anatomizing. ANAT'OMY, n. [add.] Anatomy is both an art and a science. It is an art, be- cause the pursuit of it requires dexterity and skilful manipulation ; and it is a ANCHOVY ANDROMEDA ANEROID BAROMETER ecience, inasmuch as certain general principles are deducible from it : it may be termed the science of ore:anization. — Descriptive anatomn, tliat branch which treats of the organs of whicli the human body consists, with regard to their shape, position, and mutual rela- tions. — General anatomy, that branch which treats of the structiu-e ai^d phy- sical properties of the different tissues which are common to several organs, ■without reference to the form or situa- tion of the organs tliemselves. — Special anattnny, that branch which treats of the healthy state of tlie organs ; in con- tradistinction to morbid or pathological anatomy, which treats of the diseased states of organs, and the clianges pro- duced upon them by disease. — Trans- cendental anatomy, that branch which investigates the plan or model upon which the animal frame or organs are formed. — Surgical anatovuj,ih3d,hrax\Q\\ which demonstrates the relative posi- tion of organs or parts, with a view to those operations wliich it may be ne- cessary to perform upon them. — Phy- siological anatomy, that branch which treats of the structure of organs, only in as far as it elucidates their functions. — Artificial anatomy, tiie art of malting models in wax, or other materials, to illustrate the healthy or diseased struc- ture of parts. ANAT'ROPOUS, instead of ANA'- TROPOUS, a. In hot, applied to the ovule when this is inverted ; so that its base is at the opposite extremity from the hilum. It indicates that the em- bryo is homotropal, or not inverted, and is of common occurrence in the vege- table kingdom. ANCES'TRAL, a. More usually AN'- CESTRAL. AN'CESTRESS, n. A female ancestor. [Rar. Its.'] AN'€HOR, n. [add.] The anchors car- ried by ships have been reduced to four principal, and these all at the bows. Those of the largest size carried by men-of-war, are the best and small boioerSj the sheet, and the spare ; to which are added the stream and the hedge, which are used for particular or for temporary purposes. The anchor is said to be a-coeh-biU, when it is sus- pended vertically from the cat-head ; ready to be let go-a-peah, when it is drawn in so tight as to bring the ship directly over it ; a-trip or a-weigh, when it is just drawn out of the ground in a perpendicular direction ; a-icash, when the stoclc is hove up to the surface of the water. — To bach an anchor. [5ee under Back.] AN'€HOR,t n. [For Anchoret.] A recluse. AN'€H*OR-LlNING,n. Same as Bill- Boards, — ivhich see. AN'€HOR-STOCK,7i. The cross-piece of wood, or iron, at the head of the shank of an anchor, to make the flultes take hold of the ground. ANCHO'VY, n. [add.] The Engraulis of Cuvier, a genus of abdominal mala- copterygious fishes, separated by that Anchovy, Bngraviis encrastcfiolui naturalist from the Olupeae or herrings of Linnaeus. The species are all of dimi- nutive size, and, with exception of the common anchovy, E. encrasichohis and E. melet(a{hoth Mediterranean species), all inhabitants of the tropical seas of India and America. No condiment is more generally known and esteemed than anchovy-sauce. ANCHU'SA, 71. [add.] The species of this genus of plants are chiefly inhabi- tants of the temperate parts of the earth, either on the mountains of tropi- cal climates op the temperate zones. They are rough plants, and known by the common name of bugloss. A. oJ)i- cinalis, common alkanet or bugloss, is an inhabitant of Britain. The roots, when boiled, yield a demulcent drink, once in repute as a medicine. A. sem- pervirens, evergreen bugloss, is also found in Britain. ANCHU'SINE, n. The name given to a red colouring matter obtained from Anchusa tinctoria. It is resinous, and emits violet vapours when heated. AN'CIENT,t n. A flag or streamer of a ship; also, the bearer of a flag, now jcalled an ensign. AN'CIENTS, n. j^hir. Gentlemen of the Inns of Court and Chancery. In Gray's Inn, the society consists of benchers, ancients, barristers, and students under tlie bar ; and here the ancients are of the oldest barristers. In the Middle Temple, those who have passed their readings ai'e termed ancients. The Inns of Chancery consist of ancients, and students or clerks. ANCFLE, n. [L.] The shield of Mars; the sacred shield of the Romans. ANCIL'LA, )n. A genus of spiral, ANCILLA'RIA, ) univalve, marine shells, allied to the olives. The species are chietiy confined to tropical climates. One is known by the name of ivory- shell. AN'CILLARY, a. instead of n. ANCILLE',t n. [L. ancilla.] A maid- servant. \ Chaucer.'] ANCIP'ITOUS,a. Same as Ancipital. ANXONOID, a. [Gr. «>«a,», the elbow, and iiios, likeness.] Elbow-like; ap- plied to a process of the cubit. AND, C071J. [add.] And is sometimes used to express indignation ; as, perfi- dious man ! and will you thus dishonour your past exploits. Sometimes, after premises, it introduces a conclusion in the form of an interrogation ; but its particular force must be gathered from the words with which it is connected. It is sometimes repeated to signify both ; as, and from behind, and from before. AND'IRON, n. [add.] An iron utensil at each end of a fire-grate, in wliich the spit turns. ANDR^A'CE^, n. A nat. order of plants proposed for the genus Andrea alone, and differing from the true mosses solely by the capsule splitting into four valves. By most, however, it is considered a mere group of the mosses or rausci. ANDR06'YNE,n. An hermaphrodite. ANDROI'DES, n. Same as Androib, but more freqxiently used. ANDROM'EDA, n. [Named after the virgin of that name.] A genus of plants, nat. order Ericacea;. The species are hardy shrubs, natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. A. polifolia is a British plant, called by various names ; as wild rosemary, moorwort, marsh holy rose, &c. There are several varie- ties. A. J), glauciphylla is a Canadian variety, a decoction of the leaves of which is said to be inebriating. 19 AN'DROSPHINXES,n.[Gr.«v«j «^2«f, Androsphinx. a man, and cp-A- a sphinx.] In Egyp- tian art, lions with human heads. AN'DROUS, a. In bot., denoting the male sex. ANEAL',+ V. i. See Anele. ANECDOT'ie, a. Same as Anecdoti- CAL. ANE€D0T'I€AL, a. [add.] Employed upon or dealing in anecdotes. AN'E€D0TIST, n. One who deals in anecdotes. Fig.l, Anelace ofthe time orEilwarri TV. Fin. 2, Anilaceofthi: time of Henry VII. monly worn at the gii'dle by civilians until the end of the fifteenth century. ANELE€'TEODE, w. The positive pole of a galvanic battery. [See Elec- TEODE.] ANEMOM'ETER,!!. [add.] Mr. Osier's anemometer, now generally used in observations, however, registers the direction as well as the force of the wind continuously. [See British As- sociation's Reports for 184G.] ANEMOM'ETRY, n. The process of determining the pressure or force of.tiie wind by means of an anemometer. ANEMO'NIA, n. See Anemonine. ANENCEPHA'LIA, n. [Gr. « priv., and iyxi^aXoi, the braiu.] The state of an encephaUis; the absence of a greater or less portion of the brain. ANENCE'PHALUS, n. A fetus born without brains. ANENT', 2irep. Opposite ; respecting. [Scotch.] AN'EROID, n. Same as Androii>, — which see. ANEROID BAROMETER, n. An in- strument for indicating the pressure of the atmosphere, the invention of M. Vidi, of Paris, for whom a patent was obtained in England by M. Fontaine- raoreau in 1844. It answers the pur- pose of the ordinary mercurial barome- ter, but less perfectly. It is, however, portable. It consists of an air-tight box, one side of which is a thin me- tallic plate, which yields to external pressure, and acts upon a spiral spring inside, in communication with a system of levers, terminating in an external index, by which the amount of pressure is exhibited on a circular scale. It contains no fluid ; hence the name froin « without, ir.f,o;, moisture, and v6<.;, like or form. It is likely to be completely ANGINA PECTORIS ANGOSTURA BARK. ANHARMONIC RATIO superseded by M. Bourdon's metallio barometer, wliicli is more perfect. ANES, adv. Once. [Scy/f//.] ANES-ER'RAND, ado. Of set pur- pose; sole errand. [.VcofcA.] AN'ESIS, ». [Gr. «n«.-, from «..>:ni, to remit.] A remission or relaxation of a disease, or of its symptoms. ANE'TIIUM, n. [Gr. -tes found occasionally on fuci, in the I5ri- tish seas. It is the snake coralline of Ellis. ANGUIN'EAL.rt. [L.anffMiXaserpent.] Resembling, or pertaining to a serpent, or serpents. ANGUIN'tD^, 71. A family of ophi- dian reptiles, which combine the cha- racters of the serpents and the lizards. They are known by the name of slow- worms. AN'GUIS, 71. [L.] A Linna?an genus of serpents, belonging to the order Ophi- dia of Cuvier. They are characterized externally by imbricated scales, vrith wliich they are completely enveloped. They have been separated into four sub-genera, viz., Pseudopus, Ophisau- rus, Anguis proper, and Acontias. Of the sub-genus Anguis proper, the slow- worm, or blind-worm {A. fragilis), is an example. It derives its specific name from being exceedingly brittle. AN'GTJLAR, a. Vot arhitrary processes^ read orbitayy processes. ANGULAR IN'TERVALS, «. In as- tron., those arcs of the equator which are intercepted between circles of de- clination passing through the objects observed. They are measured by means of the transit instrument and clock. AN'GULARPEKSPE€'TlVE,n.That kind of perspective in which neitlier of the sides of the principal object is pa- rallel to the plane of the picture; and, therefore, in the representation, the liorizontal lines of both converge to va- nishing points. It is also called oblique perspective. AN'GULAR VEIN, n. In anat., the name of the facial vein, when it has arrived at the side of the nose, near the AN'GULAR VELOCITY, ». The ab- solute velocity of a body moving round a fixed axis, at a unit of distance, and which is found by multiplying the cir- cumference described by a radius of 1, by the number of revolutions observed, and dividing the product by the time. Thus, the number of revolutions being 10 in 30 seconds, the angular velocity referred to a unit of distance of 1 foot is 3-141G X - X lo = 2-01)44 ft. per second. Hence, in any circular motion, the velocity of any point is equal to the angular velocity multiplied by its distance from the axis of rotation. If the angular velocity r= en, and the distance from the centre =f, then the velocity = 4; X ?■ The terra is chiefly xised in analytical mechanics. AN'GULATE, a. Angled ; applied to stems, leaves, petioles, &.C., which are of an angular shape. ANGULOM'ETEK, n. [L. angulus, an angle, and Gr. /*iTf«», measure.] The name given to au instrument for mea- suring external angles. {See Akgle- METER, in Siipp.'l ANGUSTIEO LIATE, a. Same as An- GUSTIFOLIOUS. ANHANGM V. t. [Sax.] To hang up. [Chuucer.] ANHARMON'I€ RATIO, ». In geom., the name given by Chasler to a double ratio, compounded of AI3 to BC, and of ANISETTE ANNUITY ANONA CDtoDA,or(AB :BC)(CD : D A) when A, 15, C, D, are points taken in a straiglit line in any order. AN'HIMA, or ANHI'MA, n. This is the Palamedea cornuta of naturalists, or horned screamer. This latter name is derived from its loud, harsh voice, A'NI, n. A name given to a species of birds found in the West Indies and South America, belonging to the genus Crotophaga. They have large com- pressed beaks, dark plumage, and feed chiefly on insects. ANLENT'ISSED,t pp. fFr. anientir.] Reduced to nothing. [Ckaucer.\ AN'ILENESS, n. Same as Anilitv. AN'IMAL, n. [add.] An inferior or ir- rational creature, in contradistinction to mankind. ANIMAL'€ULA, instead of ANI- MALCULA. ANIMAL'€ULE, n. [add.] Animalcules are microscopic animals, existing iu livers and ponds, and in all animal and vegetable infusions. The term is now restricted to that division of infusoria termed 2)oft/f/as(rica. ANIMALIZA'TION, n. [add.] The process by which food is assimilated, or converted into animal matter. AN'IMALIZED, Pi?, [add.] Converted into animal matter. AN'IMALIZING, ;)?;r. [add.] Con- verting into animal matters. AN'IMAL MAGNETISM, n. See Mesmeeism. AN'IMAL JMECHANieS, n. See un- der Mechanics. AN'IMAL PAINTING, n. That branch of painting which is restricted to the representation of animals. The subjects are chiefly animals of the chase. AN'IMAL STRENGTH, 71. 6'ee under Sthengtu. AN'IMATED, pp. [add.] A painting or statue is said to be animated^ when it is executed with such vigour and truth, that it appears full of life. ANTMATENESS,t n. The state of being animated. ANIMA'TION, n. [add.] In sculp, and paint. ^ a term applied to a figure wlien it exhibits a sort of momentary activity in its motions. AN^IMINE, n. The name given to an oily fluid, extracted from animal oils by distillation, and odorous like harts- horn. AN'IMISM, n. [L. animay the soul.] The doctrine that the phenomena of the animal economy ai'e produced by the agency of the soul {aninia)^ as taught by Stahland Sauvages ; also, the doctrine that the living phenomena of organized bodies are produced by an actuating or vital principle, distinct from the substance of those bodies. ANIMOSE',t a. Full of spirit ; hot ; vehement; resolute. ANIMOSE'NESS,t n. Spirit; vehe- mence of temper. AN'IMUS, n. plur. Animi. [L.] Mind; intention; piu'pose. AN'IONS, n. [Gr. «»«, upward, and j&i», going.] Literally, that which goes up ; a term applied by Faraday to those ele- ments of an electrolyte, which in electro- chemical decompositions appear at the anode, and are usually termed the electro-negative ii.gredients of a com- pound; such as oxygen, chlorine, and acids. [.See Anode, Cations.] ANISETTE', or ANISETTE' DE BOURDEAUX, n. [Fr.] A French liquor made by distilling anise, fennel, and coriander seeds, previously steeped in brandy, with sugar, and one-half water. ANI'SIG ACID, n. An acid obtained from anise-seed. It is crystallizahle and volatile, and forms salts which crystallize readily. AN'ISOLE, n. A product formed when anisic acid is heated with an excess of baryta. It is an oily liquid. ANJEE'LA, or DOUBLE BOAT, n. A sort of floating-house, supported upon two warkamoowees, connected with plonks, and used by the Singhalese, both for a habitation, and as a means of transporting nottery. wood, oil, &c. ANK'ER, n. For 32 gallons, read 10^ gallons. ANI\.'ER,-[- n. An anchorite, or hermit. [Chaucer. \ AN'ItLED, a. Relating to, or having ankles, AN'lvLE-DEEP, c. So deep as to reach the ankles. ANKYLO'SIS, n. [Gr,] A stiff joint from bony union. AN'LaCE, n. A short sword ; a dagger ; a wood-knife, AN'NA, 71. In the East Indies, the iCth part of a rupee, or about X{d, sterling. AN'NAL, 71. In the Horn. Cath. church, a mass said for any person every day in the year ; or a mass said on a pai'ticular day every year. AN'NAT, w. .See Annats. ANNEAL'ING, 71. The process of ren- dering a metallic body, as iron or steel, less brittle, or more malleable, by heat- ing it, and allowing it to cool slowly. The same process is applied to glass. AN'NEUDS, n. For Annelida^j read Annelida. AN'NETT, n. A name applied to the kittiwake gull {Larus tridacti/lus). ANNEX',! "■ The thing annexed. AN'NICUT, n. In East Indies, a dam. Anr.icuts are built across rivers, to raise the level of the water, to facili- tate both navigation and irrigation. ANNl'HLLATUR, n. One who anni- hilates. ANNIVERS'ARY, a. [add.] Anniver- sary days, in the Rom. Cath. church, the days on which an office is yearly performed for the souls of the deceased, or on which the martyrdom of the saints is yearly celebrated. AN'NlVERSE,t n. Anniversary. AN'NODON, ;(. See Akodox. ANNOTA'TiONIST, v. An anno la- ter. ANNOT'INOUS, a. In bot, being a year old. ANNOrTO,U toAKNOTTO. ANNOT'TA,! "• AN N Oy'ES,f n. plur. Annoyances. [Spenser. ~\ AN'NUALIST, n. An editor of, or a writer for, an annual publication. [Rar. us.~\ AN'NUALS, n. The name given by gardeners to all plants, which, if sown in the spring, will flower, perfect their seed, and perish in the course of the same season. Annuals, however, if sown in the autumn, become biennials, and the latter, if sown early in the spring, become annuals. Hardy an- nuals are such as grow in the open air; and tender annuals such as require to be raised in artificial heat. AN'NUARY,trt. Annual. AN'NUELLEK.t n. [Fr. annuel] A priest employed in singing anniversary masses for the dead. [Chaucer.] ANNU'I'TY, n. [add.] The term an- nuity, in its most general sense, signi- 21 fies any fixed sum of money, which is payable, either yearly, or in given por- tions, at stated periods of the year. In an ordinary use of the term, it signifies a fixed sum of money payable to an individual during life. In the former case it is called an annuity certain, and in the latter, a life annuity. AN'NULARLY, adv. In the manner of a ring. ANNULO'SA, n. Sameas Annulosans. AN'NULUM ET BA€'ULUM. [L.] A ring and pastoral staff" or crosier, the delivery of which by the prince was the ancient mode of granting investitures or bishoprics. ANNUN'CIATORY,8m.] a genus of grasses with only two stamens, one species of which {A. odoratmn) is well known to f.irmers under the name of sweet vernal-grass, or spring-grass. [Sec Sprixg-Gr.ass.] ANTHRIS'CUS, n. Beaked parsley, 8 genus of plants, nat. order Dmbelliferse. There are two British species, and one which has escaped from our gardens {A. cere.fuUum), which is well known as a salad and pot-herb, under the name of garden-chervil. ANTDROPOGLOTTCS, n. See As- THROPOGLOT. ANTHROPOCRAPHY,?!. [add] This term is applied more particularly to that branch of physical geography which treats of the actual distribution of the human race, as distinguished by physical character, language, institu- tions, and customs. [See ExnNO- GR.iPHT.] ANTHR0P0L'06Y, n. [add.] More definitely, this term implies the whole science or theory of man, considered physiologically, intellectually, and morally, or in his entire nature. ANTHROPOMETRY, n. [Gr. .,9;^..-, man, and fttr^er. measure.] The mea- sm-ement of the human body. ANTHKOPOMORPH'IS-M, n. [add.] The representation of the Deity under a human form, or with human attri- butes and affections. ANTHKOPOMORPH'IST, n. One who represents Deity under a hiunan form, or with human attributes; an an- thropomorphite. ANTHKOPO-MORPHITE, a. Relat- ing to .\xTIIROPOM0RPniSM. ANTHROPOMORPHIT le, or AN- THR0P0M0RPHIT'I€AL, a. Per- taining to anthropomorphism. ANTHROPOP ATHISil, n. Same as AxTHROPOP.iTHY. ANTHEOPOPHAGICAL, a. Relat- ing to cannibalism. AN THUS, n. The pipit, a genns of birds separated from the genus Alauda (Linn.) There are four species found in the British islands, the Anthus Sichar- di, A. pratensis, or meadow -pipit, A. arboreus, the tree - pipit, and A. aguatiais, the shore-pipit. The mea- dow-pipit, or titling, is the species to whose fostering care the young cuckoo is most generally consigned. [See Pipit in this Supp.] ANTHYL'LIS, n. [Gr. «.e«, a flower, and icuAc; a beard or down.] Kidney- vetch, a genus of leguminous plants. [.^fp Kibxet-Vetcii.] ANTIABOLI "TIONIST, n. One vvho opposes abolition. Specially applied to those who oppose the abolition of slavery in the United States of America. ANTI-ACID, n. See Axi-AciD. ANTIADl TIS, ;i. [Gr. «,r,.jK, the tonsils.] Inflammation of the tonsils. ANTIAPHKODIS'IAC. See Anta- PHRODISIAC. AN'TIAR, n. A Javanese poison de- rived fi-om the upas-tree. ANTI'AEIS, n. A genus of plants, nat. ANTIMONIOUS ANTISPAST ANT-LION order Artocarpeae. A. macrophylla, or ioxicariaj is the celebrated upas-tree of Java. [See UpasJ ANTIASTHMAT'ie. See Anthas- MATIC. ANTIBIL'IOUS, a. Counteractive of bilious complaints. ANTIBRA'€HIAL, a. [L. ajitibra- chium, the fore-arm.] Pertaining to the fore -arm. ANTI€AL'VINIST, n. One opposed to Calvinism. I ANTICALVINIST'I€, a. Opposed to Calvinism. AN'TI€HEIR, n. [Gr. av7/,and xnj,the hand.] The thumb, opposed to the hand. ANTI€HRE'SIS, n. [Gr. «►«, and ;t?a«, X'^^"^, to lend.] An old law-term for mortgage. ANTIGHRON'ICAL, a. [Gr. «vT/,and ;t5ovaff, time.] Deviating from the pro- per order of time ; erroneously dated. ANTICHRON'ICALLY, adv. In an an ti chronical manner. ANTICIPANT, a. Anticipating; ap- plied in med., to periodic diseases, each of whose attacks recurs at an earlier period than the preceding. ANTICIPATE, V. t. [add.] To occupy one's attention before the proper time ; as, I shall not anticipate the reader with farther descriptions of this kind. [Swift.] AN'TICKES,t H. plnr. Buffoons. [See Antic] [Spenser.] ANTICNE'iAIlON, n. [Gr. «vti, and K^ti^uvi, the calf of the leg.] The shin- bone, as opposed to the calf. AN'TICNESS, n, The quality of being antic. ANTIDES'MEiE, n. A nat. order of dicotyledonous unisexual monochlamy- deous plants, to which Antidesma be- longs. It is now usually called Stila- ginacea^. ANTIDO'TALLY, adv. In the manner of an antidote ; by way of antidote. AN'TIDOTARY, a. Same as Anti- dotal. AN'TIENT. See Ancient. ANTIFED'ERALIS.M, n. Opposition to the ratification of the constitution of the United States. ANTIHE'LIX. See Antiieltx. ANTIHYDROPHOB'I€,n. A remedy for hydrophobia. ANTIHYDROPTC, n. A remedy for dropsy. ANTILIA, n. A machine used' by the Greeks for raising the ivater from the wells of their sliips. It is supposed to have been the Archimedean screw. ANTILITHTG, a. Tending to prevent the formation of urinary calculi, or to destroy them when formed. ANTIL'OQUISTt «• A contradictor. ANTlL'OQUY,t «• [add.] Contradic- tion. ANTIMA'SON, n. One hostile to ma- sonry, or freemasonry. ANTIMASON'ie, a. Hostile to free- masonry. ANTIMA'SONRY, n. Opposition to freemasonry. ANTI]MATRIMO'NIAL,a. Hostile to matrimony. ANTIMONARCH'IC, a. Same as An- timonarchical. ANTIMO'NIAL POWDER.n.Inmet/., an oxide of antimony, combined with phosphate of lime. ANTIMO'NIAL WINE, n. In merf., a solution of tartar-emetic in proof- spirit. ANTIMO'NIOUS, a. Pertaining to, or containing antimony. ANTIMO'NIUJI, n. [L.] Antimony. ANTIMONY, n. [add.] Crude anti- mony, a name sometimes given to the ore or sulphuret of antimony. — Argen- tine flowers ofantimoni;, the ses'iuioxide of antimony. — Butter, (jlnss, and liver of antimony. [See these terms in their alphabetical jdaces.] ANTIiMOSA'ICAL, a. Opposing the authority of Moses, or of the Mosaic record. AN'TINOMIST, or ANTIN'OMIST. ANTINOMY, or ANTIN'OMY. [add.] A law, or other thing, opposite or con- trary. ANTIP^DOBAP'TIST. See Anti- pedobaptist. ANTIPARALYriGAL, a. Same as Antiparalytic. ANTIP'ATHOUS, a. Adverse; having a natural contrariety. ANTIPERIOD'lr, n. In mod., a re- medy possessing the property of pre- venting the return of periodic diseases, as intermittents. ANTIPHLOGISTIC, a. [add.] Op- posed to the doctrine of phlogiston ; as, tlie antiphlogistic system. ANTIPH'ONAL, «. A book of anti- phons or anthems ; an antiphonary. ANTIPO'DEAN, a. Antipodal ; per- taining to the antipodes. AN TIPODES, or ANTIP'ODES, n. j>lur. of Antipode. As a Latin word it has no singular. ANTIPSOR'IC, a, [Gr. «vt*, and 4a;j« the itch.] Efficacious in curing the itch. ANTIPYRETIC, a. [Gr. «vTi, and ^v,.£- toi, fever.] Eilicacious in curing fever. AN'TIQUARY,t a. Old ; antique. ANTIQUES, n.p/«r.{anteek's.) Ancient works of art ; more especially works of Grecian art in sculpture, bass-reliefs, engraving of gems, medals, &;c., which serve as models for imitation. ANTIQ'UITIES, «. p/wr. In a limited sense, all the knowledge concerning the Greeks and Romans that lias been transmitted to our times, such as their forms of polity, systems of philosophy, of astronomy; with their political his- tory, architecture, sculpture, poetry, religion, domestic manners, &c. In a more extended sense, the term is ap- plied to the monumental remains, and to the works of art of numerous na- tions; as, the Egyptian, Persian, Baby- lonian, Hindoo, Peruvian, and Mexican antiquities. ANTIRRHPNUM, n. [From Gr. «vt, with, and fiv, a nose or mask.] Snap-dra- gon, a genus of plants, nat. order Scro- phulariaceie. AH the species produce showy flowers, and are much cultivated in gardens. The leaves of A. majus are bitter, and slightly stimulant; and the leaves of A. oroniium, a^ well as those of other species, have been used as cataplasms in indolent tumours. [See Snap-Dragon.] AN'TIS. In arch., a portico is said to be in aniis, when columns stand in a line, in front, with the anta*. [See Ant.e.] ANTIS'CII, n. phir. [L.] The same as Antiscians. [See Antiscian.] ANTISCORBU'TIGAL, a. Same as Antiscorbutic. AN'TISCRIPT,t n. A writing in op- position to another writing. ANTISEP'TICAL, a. Same as Anti- septic. ANTISLAV'ERY,a. Hostile to slavery; as, an antislavery meeting. AN'TISPAST, \ n. [Gr. «vxi. and ANTISPASTUS.J ^T^a*, to di-aw.] In 23 prosody, a tetrasyllable foot, in which the first and last syllables are short, and the middle syllables long. ANTISPAS'TIC, a. [add.] Counter- acting spasm; antispasmodic. ANTISPAS'TIC, n. In old writers, a medicine supposed to act by causing a revulsion of the humours. — 2. A remedy that counteracts spasm ; an antispas- modic. ANTISTROPU'lC, a. Relating to the antistrophe. ANTITH'ENAR, n. [Gr. «»«, and 3-«v«{, the palm of the hand.] A muscle which extends the thumb, or opposes it to the hand; also, the adductor muscle of the great toe ANTITH'ESES, n. plur. of Antithesis, — lohick see. ANTITH'ETON, n. plur. Antitheta. [Gr.] In rhet., something contrary; an opposite. ANTITROP'AL, \ a. Better AN- ANTITROP'OUS,! TIT'ROPAL, ANTIT'ROPOUS. [add.] More cor- rectly, a term applied to an embryo when in a seed the radicle is turned to the end farthest away from the hilum; it corresponds to a homotropous ovule. ANTITY'POUS,t a. Antitypical. ANTIVAC'CINIST, n. One who op- poses vaccination. ANT'LER,n. Thenameofamothfoimd in this country, the larvie of which sometimes destroy the herbage of whole meadows, so that their ravages are sometimes visible for years after- wards. It is the Ceraptcryx graviinis of naturalists. ANT'LIA, n. [L. a, pump.] A term ap- plied to the spiral instrument of the mouth of butterflies, and other allied insects, by which they pump up the juices of plants. It is what Ivirby and Antllti of Lepi.lopt^m. with the rurjlmenta of th9 pivrtg of tliemoutli corresponding to those existing in rnandibuliited iiisects. Spence have called an imperfect mouth ; Savigny discovered in it, however, the rudiments of almost all the parts of a perfect mouth. Fig. 1 is the rudi- ment of the upper lip {labrum), c c' on each side, the rudimentary man- dibles ; fig. 2, the base of each half of the antlia, with a rudimentary pal- pus ; fig. 3 represents a profile view of a butterfly's head; fig. 4, the two tubes of which the antlia is com- posed. ANT'LIA PNEUMAT'ICA, n. The Air-pump ; the name of a constellation in the southern hemisphere, situated between Hydra and Argo Navis. ANTLIA'TA, n. The name given by Fabricius to insects of the order Dip- tera, from their mouth having a sucker or proboscis. ANT'-LION, n. A neuropterous insect {Myrmeleon formicarius), long celo- APARTHKOSIS APEDiE APOCYNACE^ brated ft>r the wonderful ingenuity ; which it displays in preparing a kind I of pitfall for the destruction of such | insects ichiefiy ants) as happen unwarily Aot-llon &Dd larva, ilfjrmeleon formtcarivu. to enter it. There are many species of the genus found in the more temperate and warmer parts of the globe. Some of them from "West Africa are at least, five inches across the wings. ANTfECI, n. plur. [L.J Antcccians, or antecians. {See Anteciax.] ANTONOMAS'Tl€ALLY, adv. By the figure antonomasia. AN'TKE,t 71. (an'ter.) [L. antrum.] A cavern. ANU'BIS, H. An Egyptian deity, the conductor of departed spii'its, and re- Aaubis, from an Ejjj-pt'iui paiotinf;. presented by a human figure with the head of a dog, fox, or jackal. AN'VLLLED, i>;>. Tasliioned on the anvil. ANYHOW, adv. In any manner; at any rate; on any account. [Proviw- A^NY MANNER OF JIEANS. An expression used coUoquially for ar.i/ means AN YWITERE, adv. In any place. AN'YWHITHEK,t adv. Anywhere. A'ORIST, a. Indetinite with respect to time. AORIS'TICAL, a. Same as Aoristic. AOKT'l€, a. Same as Aortal. APAU)',t;'i>. Paid; satisfied. [Cftaw- cn-.] APANAGE, n. See ArPANAcn. AP'ARA, n. A species of armadillo (i)f7- st/pus Iricinctits), found in Brazil and Paraguay. It has the power of rolling itself into a complete bull. APAR'OIA, n. [Gr. a-r. from, and «;/ics. idleness (of the husbandman )|^ Hawk-bit, a genus of plants. [See Hawk-Bit.] APARTHRO'SIS, n. [Gr. aro and fl!;";". a joint.] Same as Abarticula- TiON, — which see. APATnET'I€AL, a. Same as Apa- thetic. APATniST'I€AL,rt. Apathetic. APATU'RA, Ji. A genus of diurnal Lepidoptera, containing many beautiful exotic species of butterllies, most of which are remarkable for their irides- cent colours. There is one British species, the Apatura inSy the purple emperor, one of the most beautiful of the buttertly tribe. It is found iu the south and west of England. APAYD',t ;>/).Paid; satisfied. [5pen.^-er.] APE, n. [add.] According to its modern zoological definition, the genus Ape, or Pithecus, includes those quadrumanous mammals which have the teeth of the same number and form as in man, and which possess neither tails nor cheek- poui;hes. APE, r. t. [add.] To ape one's betiers, a popular phrase, signifying to imitate one's superiors; to form into an awk- ward or disparaging resemblance. APEAK', adv. [add.] A yard or gaff is said to be apcaky when it bangs ob- liquely to the mast. APEEIv'. Same as Apeak. APEIRE,t t*. t. or i. (apeer'.) To im- pair; to detract fi"om; to be impaired; to go to ruin. [Chaucer.] [See Ap- PAIR.] APET'ALOUS, a. [add.] Apetalous, or more properly munochlamydeons plants, constitute one of the great divi- sions in the natural system of vege- tables. They comprehend all those genera which aie dicotyledonous or exogenous, and which have a single floral covering. APH^'RESIS, n. See Aprkresis. APHANIP TEKA. «. [Gr. ^;x.r.i, in- distinct, and r.-;§-vv, a wing.] An order of apterotis, haustellate insects, having perfect rudimentary wings. It is com- posed of the different species of fleas. APH'IDES, ) H. The second family APHID'IANS,J- of homopterous in- APHID'II, ) sects, having for its type the genus Aphis (Linn.) They are all injurious to vegetation, living ou the social bees, the solitary working bees, and parasitic bees. It is a most extensive family of insects, found in every part of the world. Even Gret-n- land has its hair-covered humble bees, which make their nests in the ground. A'PIS MUSGA, n. A new southern constellation, consisting of four stars. APLANAT'IG, a. [add.] Aplanatic lens, a lens so formed, that all the rays of light, which, diverging from, or converging to any one point in the axis, are incident upon it, after being transmitted through it, may converge to, or diverge from, one other point ia (lie same axis. In order that a lens may be apfanafic. it must have the true figure for correcting the abeiTation. and must be constructed of different media to correct the eii'ects of the unequal refrangibility of the different rays; in other words, it must be achromatic. Neither of those conditions can be ac- curately fulfilled in practice. APLASTIC, a. [Gr. « priv., and «x».r- Tixes, plastic] Not plastic; not easily moulded. APLY'SIA, n. The sea-hare, a genus of mollusca, of the order Tectibranchiata. Some of the species have the power of throwing out a deep purple liquor, with which the animal colours the water around to a considerable distance when WiiBAT Plant lof":: . Aphhffrajiiiria, 1, 3, Mate enlareeJ acd natural size. 4, FciiitLle eoliirged and itncural size. the juices of plants, which they suck with their beaks. The ^\'heat plant- louse, A. granaria, inhabits corn -crops. In July and August it is sometimes abundant on the ears of wheat, sucldug the stem and impoverishing the grain. APHONIA, H. [L.] See Aphont. APHO'RIA. n. [Gr. « priv., and ?;.* to bear.] Barrenness ; sterility. APHOKISMATIC,) a. Relating to, APnORIS'MI€, ) or contiuning aphorisms. APHYL'LOSE.fl. Same as Aphyllous. APHYL'LOUS, for APH'YLLOUS. APIA'RIAN, a. Relating to bees. AP'IGAL, a. Relating to the apex or top; belonging to the pointed end of a cone-shaped body. APlCULATE,o.Sameas ApicrLATET>. AP'ID.^, H. The bee family, comprising Gill bore, Afifj/Ha JtpOdns. it perceives any danger. A. depilans, or depilatory aplysia, is found in the European seas adhering to rocks; and it was long supposed that the acrid humour which it throws out occasioned the loss of the hair; this fluid is of a piu-ple hue, and long retains its colour. APO€'ALYPT, n. The author of the Apocalypse. [Lit. us.\ APOCALYP'TIG.t n. An apocalyptical wri- ter. APO€REN'I€ACII>, n. A bro\\n extractive matter, analogous to humiue, and derived from decaying vegeta- ble matter found in certain mineral waters. APO€'RYPHALIST, H, An advocate for the Apocrypha. APO€kYPH'ieAL,a. Doubtful ; not authentic. APOGYNA'CE-E, n. A nat. order of dicotyledonous plants, having for its type the genus Apocynum, or dogV bane. It is very nearly allied to the order Asclepiadacea?, from which it is distinguished by its stamens free from the style and stigma, and anthers of the usual form; and to Loganiaceae, from which it is separated by haWng a stig- ma contracted in the middle. The species have opposite or sometimes whorled leaves without stipules; the corolla gamopetalous, hypogynous, and with the stamens inserted upon it; the fruit two-celled. The stems, wlien wounded, yield a milky juice, which is generally poisonous; several yield caoutchouc. To the order belong tJje tanghin-tree ( Tanghinia veneni/era). ArOSETINE APPARELS APPETIZER milk-tree of Demerara {Tahemcemen- tana uiilis), the crcani-fruit of Sierra- Leone {lioupelUa (jhihra), &e. The bark of several species is a powerful febrifuge. Writjhtia iinctoria yields indigo of good quality, APO'CYNUM, n. Dog's-bane, a genus of plants, nat. order Apocynaceie. A, androsfEviifolinm, common dog's- bane, is an American plant. [5'ee Dog's- Bane.] AP'ODA, w. An order of amphibious animals, comprising otdy one genus, the Ca!cilia, of a serpent-like form, and altogetlier destitute of feet. The term is also applied to an order of fishes. [See Ai'ODE.] AP'ODES, J n. An order of fishes, AP'ODA, > which, according to AP'ODALS, } Linnaeus, includes all those that want the ventral fins. Cu- vier has restricted the order to those fishes which, besides wanting the ven- tral fins, are likewise malacopterygious. The common eel furnishes an example. APODYTE'RlUM,n. instead of APO- DYDERIUM. APOG^'ON,tn. Apogee. APOG^'UM,w. [L. from Gr. ««y««y,] Same as Apooke. APO0lATU'UA,n. See Apoogiatura. APOLEP'SY.H. [Gr. <^■,=>.r.^ff,i.]An old medical tenn employed to signify re- tention or suppression of any natural evacuation, and also a suppressed fiuw of the animal spirits, to which apoplec- tic or cataleptic aifections were as- cribed. APOLLINA'KIST, n. Same as Apol- LINARIAN. APOL'LO BELVIDERE', n. A cele- brated statue of Apollo in the Belvidere (whence the name) gallery of the Vati- can palace at Rome, esteemed one of the noblest representations of the hu- man frame, and one of the finest pieces of sciUpture extant. It was discovered at Porto- Ancio in the reign of Nero. APOLOGET'K'S, n. That branch of theology which has for its object a sys- tematic arrangement of those external and internal evidences of Christianity, or of the Holy Scriptures, by wliich Christians are enabled scientifically to justify and defend the peculiaiities of their faith. APOL'OGIZE, V. t. To excuse; to make an apology for ; as, to apologize an offence. [l/njisuaL] APONEUROTIC, a. Relating to the aponeuroses. APONEUROT'OMY, n. [Gr. »^o mu- ^•9, a nerve, and tc^»(, a cutting.] Dis- section of the aponeuroses. APOPHLEGMAT'IC, or APO- PHLEG',AIATI€, n. APOPHLEGMAT'IC, or APO- PHLEG'MATU', a. APOPHLEG'MATISM, n. A medicine to draw away phle;,'m. APOPHTHEGMAT'ICAL, a. See Apothegm ATicAL. APOPR'YLLITE, or APOPHYL'- LITE, n. AP'OPLEXY, «. [add.] A congestion or rupture of the brain, with sudden loss of sensatiun and motion ; an affec- tion of the animal functions, the or- ganic functions remaining compara- tively unimjiaired. The premonitory symptoms of this dangerous disease are drowsiness, giddiness, dulness of hear- ing, frequent yawning, disordered vi- sion, noise in tlie ears, paralysis, i^c. APOR'ETINE, 11. A resin obtained from rhuliarb. I. — Surr. APO'RIA. See Apory. APORRHOi'A, n. [Gr. a-rc^pca, to flow from.] In med., a defiuxion of humours, vapours, and effluvia. APOSEP'LDIN, n. [Gr. ««, and ffr.-n- hwv. putrefaction.] A peculiar crystal- lized substance obtained from putrid cheese. APOSTASIA'CEiE,??. A nat. order of monocotyiedonous plants scarcely dif- ferent from the Orchidacea^, from wliich they chiefly differ by having three perfect anthers, instead of only one or two. The species are found in damp woods in the hotter parts of India, but tlieir properties are unknown. APOS'TASIS, n. [Gr.] In av dent med., the termination or crisis of a disease by some secretion, in opposition to metas- tasis, or the termination by transfer to some other part. — Hence, 2, An apos- teme, imposthume, or abscess. — 3. Tlie throwing off' or separation of exfoliated or fractured bones. APOS'TATE, V. [add.] In the Bom. Cath. churchy one who, without a legal dispensation, forsakes a religious order of which he has made profession. APOS'TATE.t V. i. To apostatize. APOSTAX'IS, n. [Gr. «Tfl and cr^-Zu, to drop.] The droi)ping ot any fluid, as of blood from tlie nose. AFOS'TIL, ) n. [Fr. aposHlle.'] A APOS'TILL, 3 marginal note or refer- ence; a postscript. APOSTOL'ICISM, n. The quality of being apostolical. [Jtar. ws.] APOSTOLIC'ITY, n. The quality of being apostolical. APOSTROPH'IC, instead of APOS'- TROPHIG. APOTELESMAT'IG, a. [Gr. arroTtUff- u.'x.Ttxos, from etToTO.iCf^at, an effect uf the stars.] Relating to astrology; teaching by the science of the stars. APOTHE'CIUiM, n. plur. Apotheda. [Gr. otTo, and ^y.zyt, a capsule.] In bot, apotheda are the shields or reproduc- tive organs of lichens. They appear on the thallus in the form of little warts, cups, or lines, and have a hard disk often surrounded by a rim, and contain- ing spores, either naked, or inclosed within long or roundish tubes, called thecse or asci. AP'OTHEGM,n. pron. Ap'oihem. APOTROP^'A, n. 2dur. [Gr. «rro, and Tgirai to turn.] In andent poetrij, verses or hymns composed for averting the wrath of incensed deities. AP'PANAOE, n. [add.] Formerly in France, the provision of lands or feudal superiorities assigned by the kings for the maintenance of their younger sons, but on condition that on the failure of male issue, such lant^ or superiorities were to revert to the crown. By means of their ajtpanages, and through the operation of the Salic law, whicli made their inheritance of the crown a less remote contingency, the princes of the blood-royal in France were at all times a distinct and formidable class of men. APPAN'AOlST, n. [Fr. apanagiste.] A prince to whom an appanage was granted. APPAR'AIL,! V. t. [Fr.] To prepare. [Chaucer.'] APPARATUS SCULPTO'RIS, n. [L.] The Sculptor's Workshop; a con- stellation situated in that region of the heavens immediately to the eastward of the large star Fomalhault, and hardly rising above the horizon in our hemi- sphere. APPAR'ELS, n. Appendages worked 25 in silk and gold, embroidered with or- naments or sacred imagery, sometimes enriched with pe;wls and precious stones, worn from the 13th to the 14th century, attached to the alb, and other ecclesiastical vestments. They either went round the wrist, the bottom edge of the garment, or the collar, and were often quadrangular pieces attached to the end of the maniple, the ends of the stole, or the bottom edge of the dress. The accompanying figiu-e is from a brass in Heylesden church, Nort'olk, and represents Richard Thasebury, who died 1387. APPAY'ED, a. Tn Shall., Satisfied; pleased. APPEACH'ED,t pp. Censured, or im- peached. [Spenser. '\ APPEACH'ER,t n. An accuser. APPEAL', n. [add.] Appeals in criminal causes were abolished in England by the Act 59 Geo. III., c. 40. APPELE',t V. t. [See Appeal.] To ac- cuse. [Spenser.'\ APPEL'LANCY, n. Appeal; capability of appeal. APPEL'LANT, a. Appealing. APPEL'LATE, a. [add.] To or from which there may be an appeal. APPEL'LATIVENESS, n. Quality of being appellative. APPELLOR', or APPEL'LOR, n. AP'PENAGE. See Appanage. APPEND'AGE, «. [add.] In bot., a part subordinate to another part, as hairs and glands to a stem or leaf, or nectaries to the corolla; more strictly, any part arising from and around the axis, as leaves around the stem. APPEN'DANT,«. instead of APPEN'- DANT, n. APPEN'DANT, n. [add.] A thing of inheritance belonging to another in- heritanee which is more worthy ; as an advowson, common, &c., which maybe appendant to a manor ; common of fish- ing, to. a freehold; a seat in a church, to a house, &c. APPENSE', a. Being hung iip, as a hat on a pin. — In bot., applied to an ovule attached to the placenta by some point intermediate between the apex and the middle. AP'PETITE,t V. t. To desire; to covet. [Chancer.'] APPETl"TIOUS,t a. Palatable; de- sirable. AP'PETIZE, u. t. To create an appe- tite. AP'PETiZED, pp. Having an appe- tite; rendered hungry. APPETIZER, n. He or tbat which ap- petizes. X APPRAISED appkove:.ient APTERYX APTLE, n. [add.] The apple is essen- tially a fruit of the colder and more temperate regions of the globe, over which it is almost universally spread and cultivated. From its hardiness and great abundance, combined unth its excellent flavour, it constitutes one of the most important productions of cold climates. In its wild state it is tlie austere crab-apple of the hedges. Fourteen hundred varieties of the apple have been described, and it is probable that this is not more than half the number known. AP'PLE-BLIGHT,n.Aspeciesof aphis, covered nith a white cottony secretion, and which mtiltiplies exceedingly in the crevices of diseased apple-trees. AP PLE-BRANDT, 5 n. In America, APPLE-JACK, J a liquor dis- tilled from cider; also called cider- brandv. AP PLE-BUTTER, n. In America, a sauce made of apples stewed down in cider. AP PLE-DUJrPLIXG, 71. A dumpling made of apple;;. AP'PLE-JOHX, n. A kind of apple wliich keeps long, but becomes viiih- ered. AP PLE-MOTH, n. The Tortrix po- monana, a lepidupterons insect, the larvte of wliich take up their abode in apples. APPLE-PIE ORDER. An expression used in familiar conversation, denoting perfect order; as, everjlhing in the house was in apph-pie order. AF PLE-SNAIL, n. The shells of the genus Ampullaria are often so called. AP PLE-TREE, n. [add.] Apple-trees are trained in the form either of stand- ards, dwarfs, espaliers, or balloons; and they are propagated by seeds, cuttings, suckers, layers, ingrafting, or inocula- tion. AP PLI€ANT, n. A diligent student ; one who applies himself closely to his studies. [American.] APPLICATE.t «. t. To apply to. APPOINT', f. (. [add.] Milton uses this verb in a peculiar sense in his Sampson Agonistes: — " Appoint not heavenly dis- position;" that is, point not at it by way of censure or condemnation ; ar- raign it not. APPOINT', I', i. To ordain ; to deter- mine, 2 Sam. ivii. 14. APPOINT'MENT, n. [add.] A com- mon law-deed or conveyance of a de- rivative nature, relating to or dependent on some precedent assiu^nce, in which a power to appoint to certain uses has been created or preserved to the party thereby granting or appointing. APPOR'TIONATENESS,t ••■ Just proportion. i APPOSI 'TION, n. [add.] A term ap- i plied to that part of the function of nutrition, by which the components of the blood are transformed on the free siuface of an organ into a solid unor- ganized substance, which is the mode of growth of the tissues that are not vascular. APPRAISE', f. (. [add.] To value ; to set a price upon ; to estimate the value of. It is generally used for the act of valuing by men appointed for the pur- pose, under direction of law, or by agreement of parties; as, to appraise the goods and estate of a deceased per- son, or goods taken under a distress for rent. APPRAIS'ED, pp. Valued ; having the worth iixed by authorized persons. APPRAISE'JIENT, n. [add.] The act of setting a value under some authority or appointment; also, the rate at which a thing is valued; tlie value fixed, or valuation. In England, according to the present law, when goods have been taken under a distress for rent, it is necessary, in order to enable the land- lord to sell them, that they should be previously appraised or valued by two appraisers, who are sworn by the sheriff, under-sheriff, or constable, to appraise the goods truly, according to the best of their understanding. APPRAIS'ER, 71. [add.] No person can act as an appraiser without a special license. In London there are about 900 licensed appraisers, and in other parts of England and Wales about 1700. Note. — Appraise, appraised, ap- praisement, &c., are now almost uni- formly used, instead of apprize, ap- prizer, apprizement, &c., although the latter were formerly used by good Eng- lish authors, as Lord Bacon, Bishop Hall, &c. APPRE€A'TION,t n. [L. apprecor.] Earnest praver. .\P PREeATORY,t a. Praying or wishing anv good. APPREHENb', r. i. To think; to sup- pose ; to imagine. APPREHENSION, n. [add.] The act of sei2ing or taking hold of; as, the hand is an organ of apprehension. — Simple apprehension, in logic, that act or condition of the mind, in which it receives a notion of any object. — In- complex apprehension regards one ob- ject or several, without any relation being perceived between them, as a man, a horee, cards ; complex appre- hension is of several objects with such a relation, as of a man on horseback, a pack of cards. APPRENTICE-FEE, n. A sum given to the master of an apprentice, as a premium for the instruction of the latter. APPRISE', V. t. Generallv written AP- PRIZE. APPK1SE',+ a. InformaHon. APPRIS'ED, ) GeneralhwTittenAP- APPRIS'ING,5 PRIZED, APPRIZ- ING. APPROACHING, n. In gardening, the act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock; called also ingrafting, and inarching by approach. APPROBA'TION, n. [add.] In Shah., probation ;_ proof. APTR ORATOR, n. One who approves. [Rar. us.] APPROP'RIETARY, or APPRO- PRIETARY, n. APPROVE , V. t. [add.] In milit. affairs, to sanction officially; as, to approve the decision of a court-martial. — In Shah., to confii-m. APPROVED, pp. [add.] In Shah., proved ; as, an approved wanton. APPRoVE'ilENT, n. [add.] Formerly in law, the particulars of the approver's disclosure w ere called an appeal, and the persons whom the approver named as the partners of his crime, were called the appellees. The appeal by approvers is now abolished, and the present practice is to prefer a bill of indictment against all partiesimplicated in the charge, except the approver, and to permit the criminal who confesses his guilt to give evidence against his companions before the grand jury If 26 on the trial the demeanour and testi- mony of the accomplice are satisfactory to the court, he is recommended to mercy. APPROXaMATE, a. [add.] Approxi- mate quantities, in math., are those which are nearly, but not absolntely, equal. APPROXaJIATELY, adv. By ap- proximation. A'PRU-FOOL DAY, n. The first day of April. ATRON-STEING, n. The string of an apron. AP'SLDAL, a. In arch., of or pertaining to the apsis ; as, apsidal chapels. AP'SIDAL, a Pertaining to the ap- sides. [See Apsis.] AP'SIS, 71. plur. Apsides, or Apses. [add.] In modern astron., the apsides or apses are the two points of the or- bit of a planet or satellite, at which it is moving at light angles to the line drawn to the primary. These two points being at the extremities of the major axis of the orbit, are those at which the planet is at its greatest and least distances from the primai-y. The point at the greatest distance is called the higher apsis, and that at the least the lower apsis. In regard to the earth and the other primary planets, these two points correspond to the aphelion and perihelion ; and in regard to the moon, they correspond to the apogee and perigee. The line of the apsides has a slow angular motion in the plane of the planet's orbit. In the annexed figure, A and B are apsides, or points of greatest and least distance of a planet from the sun, the orbit of such planet being an ellipse with the sun in one of the foci, as at S. APTENODYTES, n. [Gr. .^«., wingless, and hjm, a diver.] The pen- gnins, a genus of web-footed diving birds, peculiar to the Antarctic shores. Their wings are too short for flight, and are used as fins or paddles for swim- ming under water. The great penguin (A. patagonica) is the representative of the genus. The aptenodytes feed on various species of crabs and other crus- taceous animals, and their stomach has also been found to contain from 2 lbs. to 10 lbs. of pebbles. They attain a great weight, having been captured weighing 78 lbs. Though on the ice or on land they move slow ly and awk- wardly, yet they slide over the surface of deep snow at a considerable pace, by lying down on their beUy and impelling themselves along by their powerful feet. [See cut in Diet. Pexguis.] AP'TERANS. See Apteka. APTEROUS, a. In zool., destitute of wings ; applied to insects of the genus Aptera. — 2. In hot., destitute of mem- branous expansions, as a stem or pe- tiole ; opposed to alate. AP'TERYX, 71. [add.] Three species of this ciuious genus of New Zealand birds are now known. A specimen of one of these, the Apteryx mantellii, is at present (1852) alive in the Zoological Gardens, London. It sleeps during the AQTIILARIACE^ ARACHIS ARBITRATION day, ar.d is very active at niglit. It uses its long beak sometimes in wallt- ing, almost as if it was a third leg. Apteryx, Apteryx ntanceUi. None of the species are much larger than a good-sized fowl. It is a genus of birds that in a few years will be ex- tinct. A'PUS, re. [add.] [Gr. « priv., and (row, a foot.] A name given to a genus of crustaceous animals which inhabit ditches, lakes, and standing waters, generally in innumerable ciuantities. APYRETie, a. [Gr. « priv., and irv?, fire.] In med., a term that lias been applied to those days in which the in- termission happens in agues, and also to local affections which are not accom- panied with febrile excitement of the system. AP'YRINE, n. An alkaline substance found in the Cocos lapidea. It is a white powder, forming crystalline salts with acids. AP'YROUS, or APY'ROUS, n. A'QUA DISTILLA'TA, n. [L.] Dis- tilled water. A'QDA-FONTA'NA, n. [L.] Spring- water. AQUALE6'IA, read AQDILE'OJIA. AQUA MIRAB'ILIS, n. [L.] A medi- cal water. A'QUA POT.\S'S^, n. [L.] The aqueous solution of potassa. AQUA'KIUM, n. [L.J An artificial pond, cistern, or place in a garden for cultivating aquatic plants. A'QUiV-TINT,H.Sameas.\QUA-TiNTA. AQ'UEDUCT, n. [add.] In miat., a term applied to cci'tain canals occurring in different parts of the body; as, the aqueduct of the cochlea, and of the vestibulum. A'QUEOUS, a. [add.] Made by means of water ; as, an aqneaus solution or hy- A'QUEOUS ROCKS, re. In yenl, rocks of the second and third classes, as com- posed of matter deposited by water. They are also termed vtetamorphiCj and stratijicd rocks. AQUIFOLIA'CE^, re. The holly tribe of plants, a nat. order of the polycar- l>ous group of polypetalous exogens. The species consist of trees and shrubs, ■with alternate or opposite coiiaceous leaves; small, axillary, solitary, or fas- cicled flowers; and a fleshy indehiscent fruit. The useful plants of the order are found in the genera Ilex, Mygin- da, and Prinos. AQUILARIA'CE^, re. The agalloch- \\m tribe of plants, a nat. order of the tubiferous group of incomplete exogens. The species are trees with smooth branches and a tough bark ; alternate, entire leaves; the fruit a capsule, pear- shaped, and valved. The order consists of only three genera, Aijuilaria (or more properly Agallaria), Ophiospermum, and Gyrinops. Aloes-wood and eagle or agal wood are yielded by species of Aquilaria. AU the species of the order are natives of the East Indies. AQUILE'6IA, n. [From aquila, an eagle, whose claws the nectaries re- present.] 5€e definition under Aquale- GiA, which is an incorrect orthography. AQUITE'.t "■ *• [Fr-] To pay for. [Chaucer.} A'QULA, re. [L. dimin. of aqua, water.] A fatty tumour under the skin of the eyelid. AQUOSE',"!- «. Watery. AQUOS'ITY,t re. Watcriness. A'RA, n. [L.] The Altar; a southern constellation, containing nine stars. It is not visible in our latitude. ARAB, or AR'AB, re. A native of Ar- abia. ARAB'I€AL, a. Ai'abian; Arabic. AR'ABIN, re. A name given to the prin- ciple which forms the base of all gums. AR'ABIS, re. [Gr. «;i»^.j.] Wall-cress or rock-cress, a genus of plants. [See W,\ll-Cress.] ARACA'RI, re. [add.] The aracaris are not woodpeckers, but birds belonging to the genus Pteroglossus, of the Tou- can family. AKACE'.t V. t. [Fr. arrachei:] To tear up by the roots ; to draw away by force. [Chaucer.] ARA'CE^, re. The arum tribe of plants, a nat. order of monocotyledonous plants. Tlie species are herbaceous plants, with leaves sheathing at the base ; the flowers unisexual, and with- out a perianth, on a spadix; anthers, nearly sessile ; and the fruit succulent. They are natives chiefly of tropical countries; and a principle of acridity generally pervades them, and exists in so strong a degree in some of them, as to render them dangerous poisons ; as the dumb cane of the West Indies and South America. The order was originally called Aroidea?, and then in- cluded Typhacea! and Orontaceai. ARA'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to the nat. order of plants Arace^e. ARACHIS, re, [add.] A genus of legu- minous plants, called the earth-nut or pea-nut, much cultivated in warm cli- mates, and esteemed a valuable article T-.Tthnut, AracJiis hypogtaa, of foo'' It is allied to the bean. The most rv.iiiarkable species is the A. hy- pogcea, the fruit of which, instead of hanging down from among the leaves, 27 conceals itself in the earth, and is deeply buried when it becomes ripe. The pod, when mature, is oblong, often contracted in the middle, wrinkled, of a pale yellow colour, and contains two or three seeds, the size of a hazel-nut, in flavour sweet as almonds, and yield- ing, when pressed, an oil not inferior to that of olives. ARACH'NIDANS,) n. Same as Ar- ARA€H'NIDES, ) achnida. ARACH'NOID, re. In aHnf.,the arach- noid tunic or membrane. [See the Ad- jective.} ARA€H'NOID, a. [add.] In hot., re- sembling cobweb; seeming to be co- vered with cobweb, in consequence of the entanglement of long white hairs. ARA€HNOIDIS'CUS, re. In hot., a genus of diatomous plants. The A, Ehrenhergis is a beautifid microscopic object, resembling a minute circular shell. ARACHNOIDITIS, or ARACUNI'- TIS, n. Inflanmiation of the arachnoid membrane. ARjEOM'ETER, n. See .Areometer. ARALIA'CEjE, re. A nat. order of plants nearly related to the Umbellifenc, from which they are distinguished chiefly by their three or more celled fruit, simple epigynous disk, usually valvate corolla, and more shrubby habit. The species are natives chiefly of China, India, North America, and the tropics of the New World. The true ginsenri of the Chinese is produced by Panax ginseng, a plant found in China, Nepaul, and Japan ; that so called in North America (P. quinque- folium), is considered distinct. A species of aralia is used in North America as a substitute for sarsaparilla. The true rice - paper of tiie Chinese, obtained only from the island of Formosa, is believed by some to be a species of aralia, and called A. pam/rifera, but its flowers have not yet been seen by botanists. ARAlIyE'AN, a. Relating to Aram, or to the Chaldeans, or to their language. ARAMA'IC, ff. A term applied to the language of the Chaldeans and Syrians, their literature, &c. AR'AMISM, or ARAM/E'ANISM, re. ARANE'IFORM, a. Resembling a spi- der; having the form or shape of a spider. AKAN'GOES, re. A species of beads made of rough carnelian, generally of a cylindrical shape. They constituted an article of traffic with Africa pre- vious to the abolition of the slave-trade, and were imported from Bombay. ARA'TOR, re. [L.] A ploughman. ARAY ',+ V. t. To array ; to dress ; to set in order, [Spenser.] AR'BALEST, re. A cross-bow. [See Arbalist.] SR'BlTKACiE.t re. Arbitration. ARBITRA'TION, n. [add.] This mode of settling differences is very frequently resorted to, as a species of amicable litigation, and a means of avoiding the delay and expense of a lawsuit, and the publicity of a trial. A dispute may be referred to arbitration, either when there is an action already pending be- tween the parties relating thereto, or when there is no such action. No in- jury can be the subject of arbitration, unless it is such as may be a matter of civil controversy between the parties. By the law of England, the authority of an arbitrator cannot be revoked by any of the parties, without the leave of the ARCHES-COURT court, or of a judge. In Scofiandj the system of ai'bitratiou is a mollification of that of tlie Roman law. The sub- mission by which the parties agree to abide by the decision of an arbiter, is a regularly executed contract, and it re- quires all the solemnities peculiar to the execution of deeds in Scotland. If there be more than one arbiter, they must be unanimous; but if they are not so, an oversnian may be appointed to decide. XRBOK'ItWL.t a. Relating to trees. ARBOUICUL'TURAL, a. Relating to aiboriculture. XRBOUICUI/TURIST, «. One who practises arboriculture. XRBOR IFOKM, a. Having tlie form of a tree. AUBU'TUS, n. A genus of evergreen shrubs. [*'ee Ardutb.] All'^A, n. A genus of bivalve moUusca, whicli has numerous teeth on the hinge. The species are known by the name of arh'Shi'lls. Some of them are natives of the Ci-itish seas ; one of these is called Area No(P, or Noah's ark. ARCA'DED, a. t'urnished with an ar- cade. AUCA'DIAN, m. a native of Arcadia. AR'CADYjf H. The country of Arcadia. AU€A'MIM, n. [add.] In met/., a secret remedy; a remedy which owes its value to its being kept secret. — In the old cheiiiiiirj/t the secret vu'tue of any- thing. AKt'II.I^OG'RAPnY, n. [Gr. «a«'«'- >--e6(j»i, a wiitiug.] A writing or treatise on antiquity. AUCH.i:OLO'GlAN, «, An archie- ologist. AUt UA'IC, fl. Ancient; obsolete. AUCH A'I€, or BRONZE PER iOD,n. In archceul., the period between the introduction of metals, of which copper and tin were the principal, and the dis- covery of iron. ARCIIA'1C\L, a. Same as Archaic. AKCll-BOAUD, ». A plank placed along a ship's .ctern. and immediately under the knuckles of the stern-timbers. On this board the ship's name is some- *i res painted. ARCH-BL'FFOON', n. The chief buf- foon. ARCH-BUTLER, «. [add.J Tliis office is now extinct. ARCH-BUTTRESS, n. [Fr. arc-bou- tanf.] In arch., a boldly projecting but- tress, with an npeiiing under it, forming an arch. In William of Worcester's Jtinerari/, it is called arck-buttant. AR€HK'AL,t a. Pertaining to the archeus ; as, arckeal ideas ; caused by the archeus ; as, arckeal diseases. [See Arciieits.] XRCHEDI'ACRE,! n. An archdeacon. [Chuuct^.] XUCH'ER, n. [add.] In zooL, the tox- otes of Cuvier, a genvis of acanthoptery- gious fishes. [See Toxotes.] ARCHERY, H. [add.] In former times, a service of keeping a bow for the lord's use, in the defence of his castle. XRCH'ES, H. A name given to several species of moths ; thus, the Psilura moiiacha is tlie black arches; the Xijlo- phnsia lithonjleay the li'jht arches ; Folia herhiila, the ureen arches, &e. ARCH'ES-UOURT, h. [add.j The arches-ecurt lias a general appellate jurisdiction in ecclesiastical causes arising within the province of Canter- bury. The dean of the arches, for the time being, is president of the col- lege of doctors of law, who practise ARCTOMYS in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts. He is selected from the col- lege of advocates. ARCHETYPE-SKELETON, h. In anat., a term applied to an ideal skele- ton, constructed by Professor Owen, and of which the endo-skeletons of all the vertebrata are modifications. In this skeleton is arranged the succession of vertebral segments of those animals, together with their various processes, foramina, and appendages. ARCHETYPTCAL, a. Relating to an archetype. ARCHE'WIVES,t«.p/«r. (arch 'wives.) Wives of a superior order. [Chancer.] aRCH'IATER, ) fi. [add.J This term ARCHUATER, S is applied, on the continent of Europe, to the first, or body physician of princes, and to the first physician of some cities ; in Russia, to the first imperial phvsici^n. ARCHtEPIS'COPACY, n. The state of an archbishop. AUCHIEPIS€OP.VTE, n. The othee or jurisdiction of an archbishop; an archbishopric. XRCHlG'RAPHER,«.[Gr.«5x9.- chief, and >ja^ai to write.] A chief secretary. AR€HlLO'€HlAN, a. [add.] In au- cient prosody, this term is applied to denote the four metrical combinations invented by Arcliilochus. There are three dactylic Archilochian distichs, and one iambic Archilochian distich. The third verse of the Uoratian stanza is also sometimes called Archilochian. XRCH'ILOWE, n. [Derivation un- known.] A peace -ofi^ering ; the return wiiich one who has been treated in an inn or tavern, sometimes reckons him- self bound in honour to make to the company. AVhen he calls for his bottle, he is said to give his archilotve. Also written archihufh. [Scotch.] ARCHIMANDRITE, n. [add.] In the Greek church, a chief of a monastery, corresponding to abbot in t!ie Romish church; or a superintendent of several monasteries, corresponding to superior abbot in the Romish church. — In the Russian Greek church, the term is ap- plied to the higher order of chiefs of monasteries, corresponding to the Rom- ish abbot. XR€H1PELA6'IC, a. Relating to an archipelago. XRCHITECTO'NICAL, a. Relating to architecture. ARCHITEC TOR,t «. An architect. ARCM'-WaY, /(. An entrance or pas- sage under an arch. XRCU'-WIFE', «. A woman in the higher ranks of society, or the wife of a person of high rank. XRCH'-WORk,H. Formation of arches. AUCH'Y, a. Resembling, or having arches ; archini:. ARCTIA CAJA, n. The tiger-moth, a noctiu'ual lepidopterous insect, the larva of which is clothed with long hairs. AUCTUID.E, n A family of lepidop- teroiis insects, belonging to the section Ileteromera. The types of the family are distinguished by their larvjp being very thickly clothed with long hairs, wlience they have obtained the name of u'oollf/ bears. They feed upon the ex- ternal parts of plants, and inclose tiiemselves in cocoons, when about to undergo their transfoi-niations. To this family belong the tiger-moths. ARCTOMYS, H. [Gr. aj^^i, a bear, and fxv!, a raf.] The marmot, a genus of rodent animals. [.See Marmot.] 28 ARGALA XR€'UATILE,t a. Bent or cnrved. XRCUBUS, n. A species of gun, with a trigger ; an arquebuse. XRC'US SEM LIS, n. [L.] The bow of old age ; an opacity round the mar- gin of the cornea, occurring in advanced ARDAS'SINES, ». A very fine sort of Persian silk; the finest used in the looms of France. XR'DEA, w. a Linnican genus of wad- ing birds, including the herons, storks, cranes, bitterns, &c. Modern zoolo- gists have formed this genus into seve- ral distinct genera, and the genus Ardea has been restricted to the herons proper, of which our common heron, Ardea cinerea, is the type. AUDE ID^E, n. The heron tribe, a family of grallatorial or wading birds, including the herons, cranes, and storks. The beak is long, thick, and stout, usually with cutting edges, as well as a point. AR DENCY, n. [add.] Among seamen, the tendency of a vessel to gripe. ARDISIA'CE.E, n. A nat. order of plants, now called Myrsinacefe. ARDOR, n. [add.] Among pht/sicianSf heat; a sense of heat or burning. AUDU'lTY,t «. Height; ditttculty. AR'DUUE.t n. [L. ardor.] Bui-ning. [Chaucer.] AREAD',fv. ^ [add.] To pronounce. ARE'€A, n. [add.] Besides the Areca catechu, there is another important spe- cies of this genus, viz., the A. oleracea, or cabbage-tree, or cabbage-palm. [See C-^bbage-Tkce.] AREDE,t v.L (ared.) To interpret. [See Rede.] [Chaucer.] AREED'Sjf n. plur. Advices j dis- courses, [^y-e/wer.] AUElSE',f If. t. (areys'.) To raise. [Chaucer.] ARENA CEO-(iYP'SEOUS, a. In geoL, containing sand and gypsum, as the red sandstone. ARENA'RIA, n. Sandwort, a genus of plants. [See S.\ndwort.] ARENG' SACCHARIFERA, n. The botanical name of one of the palms that produces sago, and from which palm- wine is obtained. It is found in all the islands of the Indian Archipelago. Be- sides yielding wine and sago, the fibres of the stem and leaves are manufactured into strong cables. ARENICOLA, h. The lob-worm, a genus of dorsibranchiate annelids, com- mon on our coasts, and sought for by fishermen for bait. AREOLA, n. See Areole, AR'EOL.^, n. More usually written AREOLAE. AREOP'AGIST, n. A member of the Areopagus. AREOSYS'Ti'LE, n. See Arxosy- STVLE. ARERE'jf V. t. (areer'.) [Sax. araeran.] To rear or raise up ; to excite. [Chau- cer.] ARE'SON,t f- t. [Fr. arraisoner.] To reason with ; to censure ; to arraign. [Chaucer.] ARETTE',t V- '• (aref.) [Fr. arrester.] To impute to ; to reckon, value, or es- timate; to lay to the charge. [Chaucer.] AREW'.f '( adv. In a row; in regular ARE WE',t ) succession. [5;>t'/wer.] AR'GAL, instead of ARGAL, n. AR'G.AXjf adv. A corruption of the Latin ergo, therefore. AR'GALA, n. The Indian name of the adjutant, or gigantic crane, Ciconia argala of Temminck. ARGUMENTAT1\'X AKISTOLOCHIACE^ ARMET XU'GEL, ) n. A plant found in Upper All G HEL, I Egypt and Arabia Petrfea, the Sulenostemma argel, ami belonging to the Asclepiadaceae, and used for adulterating Egyiitian senna, than which, however, it is much more grip- ing. ARGEMO'XE. n. A small genus of plants, nat. order Papaveraceie. The species are all ornamental, and natives of Mexico. From the seeds of A. Mei'icana, the IMexicans obtain an oil very useful to painters. The haiid- soinest species is A. gratidiflora, which has large Howers of a pure wliite colour. AR'GENTATE, n. Fulminating silver is sometimes called argentate of am- monia. AR6EN'TI€,a.Relatingto,orobtained from silver. AKOENTI'NA, n. A genus of raala- copterygious fishes, belonging to the salmon family, so named from their silvery scales. A. sphi/r^na is a well- known species, caught in the Mediter- rannean. The Sheppy argentine of Pennant (Scopehts Pennani'd) is taken occasionally on our coast. ARGENTINE, or ARGENTINE, a. [add.] In zool., silver-coloured ; silvery ; applied to the scales of fishes. ARG'^.NT'INE, or ARGENTINE, n. [add.] A name common to the species of Argentina, — which see. AKGEN'TUM, n. [L.] SUver. AR'GHEL. See Argkl. ARGILLACEOUS EARTH, 7z. White clay, or potters'-earth ; the earth or clay called by chemists alumina. ARGILLA'CEOUS ROCKS, n. Those homogeneous soft substances which comprise the shale or slate clay, bitu- minous shale, clav, and marl. ARGlL'LO-FEKRU'6lNOUS,a. Con- staining clay and iron, as a mineral. AR'GO, n. A constellation. [.SVcAkgo- NAvrs.] AR'GOIL,t « [See Akgil.] Potters'- clay. [Chaucer.] AR'GOL, n. See Abg.\l. ARGONAU'TID.E, «. The name of the family of cephalopodous molluscs, wiiich contains the argonaut or paper- sailor. This famed mollusc swims only by ejecting water from its funnel, and crawls in a reversed position, caiTying its shell over its back like a snail. The account of its floating on the surface of the sea, with its sail-shaped arms ex- tended to catch the breeze, originated with Aristotle, and has been repeated by poets ever since; there is no otiier foundation for tlie fable. [See cut in Pict. AllfiONAUTA.] XR'GUABLE, a. That maybe argued; admitting argument. XR'GUFY, v. i. To import; to have weight, as an argument. [Provincial.] AR'GUFY, v. t To argue. [Vul. [add.] Furnished with an armature or a piece of iron so as to con- nect the poles, as a horse-shoe magnet, • — In bat., having prickles or thorns. ARMENTOSE',} a. Abounding with cattle. ARME'RIA, n [Fr. armoirics latin- ized.] Thrift or sea-pink, a genus of plants belonging to the n.it. order of Plumbaginacefe, distinguished from Statice by the hairy styles and capi- tate flowers. A. maHtima, a well- known species on our shores, is much used for edgings in gardens. [See Statice armeria.] ARMET', n. [Fr.] A helmet used in the l-lth, 15th, and Kith centuries. "When Fig. 2, Armot-petit. worn with the beaver, it was called armet-grand (fig. 1); when without, and supplied with a triple - barred face- guard (fig. 2), it Avas called armet- petit. AROMA AKRIERE-VOUSSURE XRM'-GATJNT,+ a. [See Gacst.] Slender as the arm ; lean^ meagre. ARM'-GKETE,a. (arm-great.) As thick as a man's arm. [Chaucer.] ARMIF EROrS, a. [L. armit, and fero, to bear.] Bearing arms. [liar, ks.] ARJULAES.l, ^l. \^..-] A garment ARTAXTHE .^rTDilaiua, ftum an itlumination of the Tflarteenth centur) [ similar to the surcoat, in use by the Saxons and Xormans ARjriXG-POIXTS^n. Thetiesholding together the various parts of armour. AKM'IXS, n. CoTerings of cloth or vel- vet for the handle of a piUe. to give the heated hand a more seciu-e hold ARJXIS OXAXT, a. Same a3 Akmi- soxous. ARIIOIRE, 11. (arm-war'.) [Fr.] i clothes'-press ; a closet. ARMOR I€.VN LEAGUE, n. A league which e.'iisted from the most ancient times among all the tribes of Gaul dwelling near the sea-shore, andagainst which Julius Cajsar had to employ three army divisions. At a later period, this league only included the tribes in- habiting the sea-board between the Seine and the Loire. ARMOUR, n. [add.] vlmour of a mag- net. The same as Armatube ARMOURER, n. [add.] One who has the care of the arms and armour of another, as of a knight, and who dresses nim in armour. i ARMOZEEN-, n. A thick, plain, black silk. I -\R MS'-LENGTH, n. The length of the I arm. To keep at arm's-lenqth is some- I times used./;./Kra^ii-e/i/, for keeping one off; not allotting one to come into close contact or familiarity. ARM YOCR PRIZE, in Shah., sig- mfaes, offer your arm to the lady vou have won. ARNATTO, n. See Aexotto. AR'NI€\, n. [.A. corruption of ptar- mica.] [add.] There is one European species of this genus {A. montana). The whole plant, especially the root, pos- sesses a peculiar aromatic but not plea- sant odour, and a nauseous taste. In some parts of the Continent it is called tabac. In every part of this plant there has been found an acrid resin and a volatile oil, and in the flowers an acrid, bitter principle called amicine. I he root contains also a considerable quantity of tannin. This plant was at one time admitted into all the liritish pharmacopoeias, and in Germany aU parts of it are used in cases of low fever, in nervous disorders, in amenor- ••n5!?i?,"'^ adjTiamic diseases generally. Alt JSICIXE, n. .\ bitter principle con- tained la the flowers of the Arnica munlana. [See AK^■IC.^.1 AROINT'. See Abotxt. AROMA, n. [add.] The characteristic odour ot other substances besides plants. ,\RPEN, n. See Abpext. AR'PENTATOR,t »• A measurer or surveyor of land. AR'QUATED, a. Shaped like a bow; arcuate. AR'RA,t n. [L. arrlia, or atra.] A pledge. AR-RACK-PUXCH, n. A liquor con- taining arrack. ARRAUGHT.t PP- (arawf.) Raught or reached. [Spenscr.l ARREARAXCE,t n. Same as Ak- BEAK. ARREPTION.t n. The act of taking away. ARREST', n. [add.] For treason, felony, or breach of the peace, any person may arrest without warrant or precept, but in all other cases an arrest must be made by virtue of a warrant. In e.\- j traordinary cases a warrant may be granted by the privy council, the secre- taries of state, and some other public officers ; but in the ordinary adminis- tration of the law, the only warrants wliich occur are issued by justices of the peace. Arrest in civil cases is of two kinds, viz., that which takes place before trial, and is called arrest on mesne process, and that which takes place after trial and judgment, and is called arrest on final process, or arret in execu- tion. By the statute 1 and 2 Vict., c. 110, the law with regard to arrest on mesne process has been materially altered, and since that statute no de- fendant can be arrested before a judg- ment has been obtained against him unless it be shown by the affidavit of the plaintiff, or some other person, to the satisfaction of a jud:,'e of one of the superior courts, that such plaintiff has a cause of action against the de- fendant to the amount of £20, or up- wards, or has sustained damage to that amount, and that there is probable cause for believing that the defendant IS about to quit England unless he be forthwith apprehended. The judge is then authorized to issue a w rit of capias against such defendant. By the statute 7 and 8 Vict., c. 96, an important al- teration has also been made in arrest on final process, or in execution. By that statute it is enacted that no person shall be taken or charged in execution upon any judgment obtained in any court, in any action for the recovery of any debt wherein the sum recovered shall not exceed the sum of £20, ex- clusive of costs. ARREST'JIEXT, n. [add.] In Scots late, in civil causes, arrestment is a pro- cess by which a creditor mav attach money or movable property which a third party holds for behoof of his debtor. It bears a general resemblance to foreign attachment bv the custom of London. It is of two kinds, arrestment in judgment, and arrestment in execution I he former can proceed onk on the decree of a court, on a deed containing a clause of registration for execution or on such documents as bills of ex- change, promissory notes, &c. The atter class of arrestments may proceed by the order of a judge. .4RRET , « [add.] this is a French term, and is at present applied par- ticularly to the jufii,'ments and decisions of courts and tribunals in France. It also signifies an arrest ARRI£RE'-VOU.SSURE, n. [Fr 1 A ' rear- vault; anarch placed within the opening of a window or door, and of a difterent form, to increase the lightway 30 of the window, and to admit of the bet- ter openiDg of the door; it seems also to have served the purpose of an arch ot discharge. ARRIS'ION, n. [L. arrisio] The act of smding; a smiling upon. ARRIVAL, „. [add.] The person or tlung amving; as, news brought by the last arrival. ARRIVE',t «■ Arrival. ARRoDE', f. t. [L. arrodo.] To gnaw or nibble. -^K'EOGATIVE, instead of ARRO- GATI\ E. AR'ROW-HEAD, „. [add.] In hot. [See Sagittaria.] AR'ROW-ILE.iDED, a. Shaped like the head of an amovf.— Arrow-headed <:nmacters. [See under Arkow-Head.] I i- '^ "• [^'■•"n L. aro, to plough.] In former times, one day's work at the plough, which the tenant was obliged to give his lord. AR'SENAL, n. [add.] A public estab- Ushment where naval and military en- gines, or warlike equipments, are manu- factured or stored ; as at Woolwich AR'SENie ACID, or ARSEN'fc I ACID. ARSjEN-ICAL MIXER.iLS, n. A family or class of minerals, in which arsenic acts the part of the electro-ne- gative element. They occur in primitive districts in metalliferous veins, usually associated with metallic sulphurets ARSEXIO-SULPHURET, n. A sul- phur salt, formed by the union of a sulphuret of arsenic with a base ; as, the arsenio-persulphurei of potassium' ARSENITKET.) ;,. A combination of ARSEXTRET, ^ ai-senic nith a me- tallic, or other base. The arseniurets of cobalt, nickel, and ii-on are found both in veins and in beds. ARSEXrURETTED HTDR06EX, n._ A gas generated by fusing arsenic with Its own weight of gi-anulated zinc, and decomposing the alloy with strong hydrochloric acid. It is colouriess, has a fetid odour like that of garlic, and is frightfully poisonous when breathed ARSENOVIXie ACID, n. An acid produced by the action of arsenic upon alcohol. ARSIS, n. [add.] In prosodi/, that point in a measure where the ictus is put, or which is marked by a greater stress or force. A R S' M E T R I K E,t n. Arithmetic. [Chaucer.] ART, n. [add.] Formerly, in an academi- cal sense, the arts, or the liberal arts denoted the sciences and philosophy, or the circle of academical education : hence, degrees in the artss master and bachelor of arts. ARTAXTHE, n. [Gr. ..r:^. to tie together, and a.6«, a flower.] .\ genus ARTIST ARUNDIFEROUS ASCENSIONAL of plants belonging to the nat. order Piperaccip. One species, A. salvicefoUa, from Peru, is a well-known astringent and styptic, under the name of Matico. ARTE,' V. t. (iivt.) [L. arlus.^ To nai-- row; to constrain. {Chaucer. \ XRTEL'RIES,t «• plur. Artillery. {Chaucer.'] XRTE'RIA, n. [L.] An artery. ARTE'RIAL, a. [add.] Arterial blood differs from venous blood, particularly by its lighter florid red colour, and its greate*' warmth and coagulability — changes produced by the process of respiration. ARTERIALIZA'TION, n. [add.J The conversion of the venous into tlie ar- terial blood during its passage through the lungs, by tlic evolution of carbonic acid, and the absorption of ogygen from ARTE'RIAL NAVIGATION, n. Navigation by means of rivers, deepened streams, canals, and artificial water- courses. JCRTERI'TIS, 71. Inflammation of an artery or arteries. ARTHRO'DXAL, (t. Belonging to a joint; pertaining to that form of joint called hall and socket joint. ARTHROD'I€,a. Same as Arthodial. ARTHRODYN'IA, n. [See Arthkodv- Nic] Pains in the joints. ARTHR0L'06Y, h. [Gr. «§fl§oy, a joint, and Xoyof, discom-se.] A description of the joints. AR'TI€LE, n. [add.^ In the article of death — [h.in articulo mortis] — literally, in the moment of death; in the last struggle or agony. — Articles ofwar^ the code of regulations for the better government and discipline of the army and navy. — Articles of the peace, a term applied to an obligation to the king, entered on record, and taken in some court, by some judicial officer, whereby the parties acknowledge tiiemselves to be indebted to the crown in the sum required, with condition to be void and of none eifect if tiie party shall appear in court on such a day, and in the mean- time shall keep the peace. — Lords of articles. \^See under Lord.] AR'TXGLED €LERK, n. A pupil of an attorney or solicitor, who undertakes, by articles of clerkship containing cove- nants mutually binding, to instruct him in the principles and practice of the profession. ARTI€'ULATE, «. [add.] Clear; dis- tinct ; as, articulate pronunciation. ARTICULATE, v. i. To utter articu- late sounds ; to utter distinct syllables or words ; as, to articulate distinctly. ARTI€'ULATE, v. t. [add.] To form into elementary sounds; to form into distinct syllables or words ; as, to ar- ticulate letters or language. ARTI€'ULATED, pp. or a, [add.] Exhibited in articles. [Used by Shak.\ ARTIG'ULATOR, n. One who articu- lates. ARTIFI"CIAL, a. [add.] Artificial horizon. [5ee under Horizon.] ARTlPr'CIAL, n. The production of art. \llar. us.] ARTIEr'CIAL, a. [add.] Ingenious; artful. [Shak.\ Subtle; trickish. [Atterbury.] XllTIFrCIALlZE, V. L To render artificial. [Rar. w*'.] ARTILLERY, n. [add.] The science of artillery and gininery. AR'TIST, n. [add.] In present ttsage, one who professes and practices one of the liberal aits, in which science and taste preside over the manual execution; as painting, sculpture, engraving and ar- chitecture. The artist is thus dis- tinguished from the artisan, who fol- lows mechanically the rules of his handicraft or art. ARTifSTE', n. (arteesf.) [Fr.] Among the French, a term of very extensive application, denoting one who is pe- culiarly dexterousand tastefid in almost any art; as an opera-dancer, and even a hair-dresser or a cook. The term should not be confounded with tlie English word artist. ARTIST'I€, \ a. Pertaining to an ARTIST'I€AL,> artist; relating to the arts or to the fine arts; made in the manner of an artist; conformable to art ; regular. ARTISTTCALLY, adv. In an artistic manner. ARTO€ARP'OUS, ) a. Relating to AUTO€ARP'EOUS,i bread-fruit, or the bread-fruit tree. aRTO€ARP'US, n. The bread-fruit, a genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Urticacese; sub -order Artocar- peaj. Many species are known, some of which yield valuable timber in the Jack fruit, Arlucarpaa intcgHJoUa. forests of Bengal and Malabar; but the most important species are the A. incisa, or true bread-fruit, and A. integrifoliay or jack-fruit. [See Arto- CARPE.^.] XRT'-SPUN, a. Spun, or made by art. ART-U'NION, ?i. An association or so- ciety, the object of wiiich is to aid in extending the knowledge of, and love for, the arts of design, and to give en- couragement to artists beyond that af- forded by the patronage of individuals. Each member subscribes annually a certain siun, and a part of the aggregate sum thus raised is generally set apart for the purpose of engraving some work of art, a copy of which is given to every subscriber for each guinea subscribed. The greater part of tlie sum annually subscribed is employed as a fund for the purchase of pictures, sculpture,and other works of art, which are distx'ibuted by lot among the mem- bers. A part of the funds is also frequently applied to the offering of pre- miums for original designs, and the production of bronzes and medals. A'RUM, instead of ARUM. ARUNDIF'EROUS,«.Producingreeds or car.es. 31 ARUN'DO, n. [add.] This genus of grasses is now usually confined to the A. donaXy and the species which raost nearly agree with it. A. donax is a native of the south of Europe, Egypt, and the East. It is one of the largest grasses in cultivation, and sometimes attains a height of nine or ten feet, with broad and long leaves. A. avena- ria, or sea-reed, is by modern botanists called Ainmophila arundinacea. A. phragmitesy the common reed, now forms the genus Phragmites; it was, however, called Arundo by the Romans equally with the Donax. ARVIC'OLA, n. A geims of rodent animals. A. amphibia is the water-rat, and A. agrestis is the field-vole, or short-tailed field-mouse. The latter is a most destructive species, multipljing as it does prodigiously in some seasons, when it proves a great nuisance in gar- dens, plantations, and fields. AS, adv. [add.] As if, in tlie manner that it woidd be if. — As to, with respect to. — As icell as, equally with. — As though, as if. — As it is, as the case stands ; in present circumstances. — As it iccre, a qualifying plirase, used to soften ex- pressions which might otherwise seem harsh. As followed by as sometimes signifies although; however. AS'ARONE, H. A volatile solid obtained from Asarum Europa^um. It has a re- markable tendency to crystallize in beautifully defined forms, and also to pass into the amorphous condition, from which it may be again brought into the crystalline state. ASBES'TI€, a. Relating to or contain- ing asbestos. ASBES'TIFORM, a. Having the struc- ture of asbestos. AS€AL'APHUS,7i. Agenus of neurop- terous insects, with long thread-shaped antennae, knobbed at the ends. There are many species found on the shores of the Mediterranean and in tropical countries. They are allied to the ant- lions, but the larvae never construct a pitfall. ASCAR'IDiE, n. A family of Entozoa, or intestinal worms, which live in the bodies of other animals. The body is round, elastic, and tapering toward each end. AS'-GARIS, n. [add.] A. lumhricoides is the long and round worm which in- habits the intestines of emaciated per- sons. A. vermicularis is the thread or maw worm. AS€AUNCE',t adv. See Askance. [Spenser.'] ASCEND'ANT, v. [add.] In astrol, the first of the twelve houses of heaven, and the planet, or other heavenly body which rules in this liouse, is called lord of the ascendant; hence, to be in the ascendant, signifies to have commanding power or influence; and lord of the ascendant, one who has possession of such power or influence ; as, to riUe, for a while, lord of the ascendant. ASCEND ENT,! a. Rising ; mounting ; proceeding upwards. ASCEND'ENT,) a. In hot., when an ASCEND'ANT,} ovule, or seed, is attached to the middle of the cell of the ovary, or fruit, and is du'ected ujj- wards. ASCEN'DING, ppr. In hot., rising up- wards. ASCEN'SIONAL, a. Relating to as- cension; ascending; or rising up. [See Ascensional Difference under Ascen- sion-Day.] ASK ASPHALTE ASSAGAI ASCET'I€, n. [add.] One wlio prac- \ tisp",t n. pfur. [Sax.] Ashes. [Chaucer.] ' ASH'ERY, ;i. [add.] A manufactory of pot or pearl ashes. i ASH'ES, «. pittr. [add.] The remains of | an>'thing burnt, whether of vegetable , or animal origin, and to a certain ex- tent of mineral bodies also ; but in com., the term is restricted to the ashes of vegetable substances from which are extracted the alkaline matters, called pot-ash, pearl-ash, kelp, barilla, &c. — Volcarnc ashes, the loose earthy matter ejected by volcanoes. ASH'ET, n. [Fr. assieffe, a trencher- plate.] A large flat plate, generally of an oval shape, on which meat is brought to the table. [Scotch.] | ASH-FLY, n. The oak-fly, Cynipsquer- cusfolii. I ASH'LERIXG, n. [add.] In mosonri/, the act of bedding ashlar in mortar. ASH'-PAX, «. A pan beneaih a grate or furnace to receive ashes. ASH TAKOTH,ASH TORETH.AS'- TORETH. instead of ASHTAROTH, ASHTORETH, ASTOKETH. .\SH'-TUB, n. A tub to receive ashes, ASH'Y, a. [add.] Consisting of ashes; as. an ashr/ heap. AS'ILUS, n. The hornet-fly, a genus of dipterous insects, of which above sixty European speries have beenenumerated. The t>*pe is Asihts crabrotiiformis. ASI"TI.\,H. [Gr «priv.,and«T«<,food.] Loss of appetite. .\SK, n. Au asker, or water-newt. [Scotch.] ASK, r. t. [add.] To ask of, is used in Shah, for to ask for; as, ask of Doctor Cains' house. ASK ING, n. The making of a request; a petition. [Lit. iis.\ ASLEEP', a. [add] In marine fan.f the canvas is said to be asleep when the wind is just strong enough to distend the sails, and prevent them from shaking. ASMATOGRAPHY', n. [Gr. «£*•. a song, and j-jo;*. to write.] The art of composing songs. [Rar. us.] ASO.\K', a. Soaking in water; in a state of soaking A S O M ' O N E b, t pp. Summoned. [Chaucer ] ASP, n. See Aspev. ASP.IL'ATHU.M, n. Thecalambac; a variety of the agallochum, or aloes- wood. ASPAR'Afil, 71. A nat. order of plants constituted by Jussieu : part of tiiis, including the genus Asparagus, is now united to the Liliacex; part, having re- ticulated veined leaves, forms the nat. order Smilaceae. ASP.\'SIA, H. [Gr. arraXet^M. to em- brace.] A genus of elegant plants, with the aspect of Epidendrum. The flowers of A. variegaium are deliciously sweet in the morning. Nat. order Orchida- ceae. ASPE',t "• (asp'.) A species of poplar. [See Aspen.] [Chaucer.] ASPE€T',t V. t. To behold. ASPER'6ES, n. [L. aspergo.] In the Bom. Catholic church, the rod used for sprinkling the holy water. [See As- pergillus.] ASPEROILLI'M, n. A genus of shell- fish, belonging to the family Tubicolces of Lamarck. The A. Javanum is known to collectors as the icatering-pot. ASPERGLLXUS, n. The brush used in the Rom. Catholic church, iov sprinkling holy water on the people. — 2. A genus of cr>'pto.gamic plants, the species of which, along nith many others, form what is called mould on various sub- stances. They are found on all de- caying substances. A. glaucus is the blue mould which forms on cheese, lard, bread, &c. ASTERLY.f adv. Roughlv; sharply. ASPERNA'TIOX,t n. [L. aspematio.] Neglect ; disregard ; contempt. ASPERSION, n. [add.] Calumny; censure. ASPER'SIA'E, a. Tending to asperse; defamatory ; calumnious ; slanderous. ASPERSIVELY'^, adv. By way of as- persion. ASPERSO'RIUM,n.InrtrcA.,thestoup, or hoi v- water basin. ASPEUU GO, n. [From L. asper, rough.] Catch-weed, a genus of plants, nat. order Boraginacefr, rough.] AVood-rufl", a genus of plants, nat. order ' Rubiaceee. An infusion of ^l-Ci/woncAica, small wood-rutf, has a little astringency, and has been used as t gargle. [See Wood-Roof.] ASPHALTE', n. Asphaltic mastic: an artificial bituminous compound, em- ployed for the covering of roofs and arclies, the lining of tanks for pave- ment and flooring, and as a cement. The chief ingredient in tliis compound is a brown bituminous limestone found near the Jura mountains. This stone is broken to powder, and mi.xed w ith a portion <)f mineral tar when intended i for fine work, as the covering of roofs, 32 and applic'**ion as cement; or when intended for the coarser purposes of pavement, with mineral tar . nd sea- grit. The whole is then heaied in large caldrons, until the ingredients are perfectly united. It is then formed into cakes or blocks, and delivered for use ; but as it is applied in the liquid state in la>ing pavements, covering roofs, &c.. the cakes are re-melted by heat, and an additional quantity of mineral tarisadded. — Among opticians, the name asphalte is applied to a thick solution of the finest asphalte in spirits of turpentine, and is used for making cells on pieces of glass, in which ob- jects may be preserved in liquid, for the use of the microscope. ASPHALT'ENE, n. A solid black sub- stance, obtained by submitting the bitumen of Bechelboriura, purified by ether, to a prolonged high temperaturo. ASPHALT'OS,) rt. Same as Asphal- ASPHALTXS,! TCM. ASPHODEL'E^E. [add.] Now nnited to the Liliaces. ASPHO'DELUS, n. [Gr. a neg., and e^\kv. to supplant.] Asphodel, a genus of monocotyledonous plants, nat. order Liliacefe. A. luteiis is the common yellow asphodel, a beautiful perennial ; ^4. albus is the white asphodel, and A ramosus, so common in gardens, is probably a variety of this species. ASPHYX lA, n.' [L. See AspnvxY.] Originally, interrupted pulse, or cessa^ tion of the motion of the heart and arteries; but as now used, apparent death, or suspended animation ; inter- rupted respiration, particularly from sutfocation or drowning, or the inhala- tion of irrespirable gases ; applied also to the collapsed state in cholera, with want of pulse. ASPID'IUM,n. Shield-fern, a genus of crs-ptogamian plants. [See Shield- Fern.] ASPiE'.t V. i. (aspy'.) To espy. [Chati- cer.] ASPI-RANT, or ASTIRANT, n. AS PIRATE, n. [add.] In gram., the aspirate, or spiritus asper, is an accent peculiar to the Greek language; it is marked thus ['], and denotes that the letter over which it is placed should be strongly aspirated, that is, pro- nounced as if A w ere prefi.xed. In Eng- lish, ch, as in church, gh, as in though, I th, as in this, are aspirates. ASPiKE'. r. i. [add.] To rise; to ascend ; as, the flames aspire. [Pope.] ASPIRE',t ^'- '• To aspire to; to ascend or rise to ; as, to aspire thrones ; to cw- pirethe clouds. Properly the verb here is used ellipticallv for aspire to. ASPlRE'MJ::NT,tn.Theactofaspuing. AS'PRE,t a. [Fr.] Rough; sharp. [Cftaucer.] ASPRE'DO, n. A genus of abdominal, malacopterygious fishes, characterized by the horizontal flatness of tlie head, and the enlargement of the anterior part of the trunk, owing to an unusual development of the bones of the shoulder. The principal species is the Silunts aspredo of Linn., which in- habits the rivers and lakes of North America. AS'PRENESSE,tn. Sharpness. [Cftou- err.] ASS. or AlSE, n. Ashes. [Scotch.] ASS.\F(ET IDA, n. See As.\fetida. AS'SAG.\I, n. An instrument of war- fare among the Kaffirs: a throwing spear; a species of javelin. . AS'SAG AI, V t. To kili with an assagaL ASSIGN ASSORTING ASTERIAS AS'SAGAIED, pp. Killed by means of an assagai. AS'SAPAN, n. Species of flying squir- rels, belonging to the genus Sciiirop- terus. They live among trees, and are found in the Eastern islands. ASSAS'SIN,t V. t. To murder; to as- sassinate. ASSAS'SlNACY,t n. The act of assas- sinating. ASSAS'SINATE,t An assassin; nmr- der. ASSAULT', n. [add.] In Scotland, as- sault i^ a punishable offence, usually prosecuted by the public prosecutors attached to the sheritfs' courts, to the police courts, and justice of peace courts. When, however, the assault is of a liighly criminal cliaracter, it is brought before the supreme criminal court, and is then charged as assault with some specific aggravation. There is no division, as in England, into a*- saxilt and assavH and battery. ASSAUT',t H. [Fr.] Assault. [Chaucer.] ASSAY', n. [add.] The determination of the quantity of any particular metal in an ore, or other metallic compound al- loy; or more especially, the determi- nation of the quantity of gold or silver in coin or in bullion. Also, the sub- stance to be assayed. ASSAY', V. t. [add.] 'to determine the amount of a particular metal in an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound. ASSaY'EK, n. [add.] One who examines metallic ores or compoimds, for the piu"pose of determining the amount of any particular metal in the same; par- ticuUrly of gold and silver. ASSAY'ING, n. The determination of the amount of any particular metal in a metallic compound. [See Assay.] ASSE€TA'Tl()N,t n. Attendance, or waiting upon. ASSEGE',t n. [Fr.] Siege. {Chaucer.] ASSEM'BLY, h. [add.] In a civil or j)olitical sense, a meeting convened by authority, for the transaction of public business ; as, the assemblies of the Ro- man people ; the national assembly in France. ASSEN'TTENT, a. Yielding assent. ASSEN'TIVE, fl. Giving assent ; com- plying. [Lit. us.] AS'SER, n. In arch., a thin rafter, board, or lath. ASSERT'ORY, or AS'SERTORY, a. ASSESS', V. t. [add.] To value or tix the profits of business, or the amount of yearly income, for the pm'pose of taxa- tion. ASSESSED TAXES. 5ee under Tax. ASSESS'OR, n. [add] In England, as- sessors are persons chosen to assist the mayor and aldermen of corporations in matters concerning elections. In Scot- land, the magistrates of corporate burghs who exercise judicial powers generally employ some professional lawyer to act as their assessor. Those persons whose duty it is to assess the value of property for local or public taxation, are usually called surveyors, not assessors. AS'SETU,tn. Sufficient; enough. [See Assets.] [Chaucer.] AS'SETS, n. plnr. [add.] The entire property of all sorts belonging to a merchant, or to a trading association. ASSl£6E',t i^. t. [Fr. assieger.] To besiege. ASSIGN', V. t. [add.] In /a«', to transfer, or make over to another, the right one has in any object, as an estate, chose in action, or reversion. — To assign, in I.— SUPP, bankruptcy is to transfer property to, and vest it in, certain persons called assignees, for the benefit of creditors. AS SIGN AT, H. [add.] In French law, the assignment of an annuity on an estate, by which the annuity is based on the security of the latter. Hence the name given to paper cui*rency is- sued by the revolutionary government of France, based on the security of the lands belonging to the state, and those appropriated by it. ASSIGNEE', 71. [add.] Assignees, in bankruptcy, in England, are persons appointed under a commission of bank- ruptcy, to manage the estate of the iianlfrupt for the benefit of his credi- tors. ASSiGN'MENT, n. [add.] In banJi- ruptcy, the transfer of the property of a bankrupt to certain persons called assignees, in whom it is vested for the benefit of creditors. ASSIMILABIL'ITY, n. The quality of being assimilable. [Rar. us.] ASSIM'ILATE, v. i. [add.] To be con- verted into the substance of the body ; as, flesh assimilates more readily than vegetables. ASSIMILA'TION, h. [add.] In physiol, the conversion of nutriment into tlie fluid, or solid substance of the body. Formerly, the supposed conversion of the fluids of the body to the nature of any morbiKc matter. ASSINE'GO, instead of ASSINEGO. ASSlSE',f n. (assiz'.) [Fr.] Situation. [Chancer.] ASSIZE', K. ) [add.] In England, ASSIZ'ES, n.plur.) thecourtof assize, popularly called the assizes, is the ses- sion held by at least one of the judges of the superior courts in each of the counties, under commissions of assize for civil cases, and of oyer and terminer, and jail delivery, for criminal cases. Assizes are holden twice a-year through- out the whole of England and Wales, excepting London and the parts ad- joining. The commission of assize originally directed the judges to take assizes, or the verdicts of a particular jury, called the assize, now obsolete. The word assize was used to signify a statute, or ordinance generally ; as, the assizes of the realm; the assizes of the forest, rules and regulations for the management of the royal forests.— Also, an ordinance fixing the standard of weights and measures; hence, the stand- ard weights and measures ; as, the custody of the assize. [See Size.] ASSO'CIAIiLE, a. [add.] Sociable; companionable. ASSO'CIATE, a. [add.] In med., con- nected by habit or sympathy ; as, as- sociate movements, such as occur sympa- thetically, in consequence of preceding motions. Thus, the eye cannot be moved inwards by the action of the rectus internus, without contraction of the iris being produced. ASSO'CIATE, V. i. [add.] To join in a confederacy or association. ASSOIL'ED,t pp. Absolved. [Spen- ser.] ASS'OILIZE, V. t. See Assoilzie. AS'SONANT, n. [Sp. asonaide.] In Spanish verse, a resemblance of sound in the termination of verses diflering from rhyme. ASSORT'ED, VP- [add.] Fitted or adapted to. They appeiir . . . . no » ny assorted to tliose with wlioiii tliev most assocuite. Burke. ASSORT'ING,ppr. [add.] Agreeing. 3a ASSOT',t V. t. [add.] To make to doat upon ; to bewitch ; to deceive. [Spen- ser.] ASSOT',t pp. Stupified. [Spenser.] ASSOYLE',t V. t. [See Assoil.] To liberate, or set free. [Spenser.] ASSOYL'ED,t 1*P- Released ; set free. [Spenser.] ASSU'MENT,t n, [L. assumentum.] A patch . ASSU'RANCE, n. [add.] A contract for the payment of a sum on oC(!iision of a certain event; as loss, or death. Of late years the term assurance has been used in relation to life contingencies, and insurance in relation to other con- tingencies; as, fire, losses at sea, &c. — Insurance, in laic, is a term applied to the legal evidences of the translation of property, called common assurances, by which every man's property is se- cured to him. ASSUR'ED, 2>p. [add.] In Shak , affi- anced ; as, I was assured to lier. ASS R'lN GLY, adv. In a way to create assurance. ASTA'CIAN, n. A crustaceous animal. [See AsTACus.] AS'TAGUS, n. A genus of long-tailed crustaceous animals, formed from the genus Cancer of Linn., and of ancient authors. It includes the common lob- ster (A. marinus), and the craw-fish {A. fiuviaiilis). By some authors the lobster and its allies are made to form another genus called Homarus, wliile the name Potamobius is sometimes given to the fresh-water craw-fish. A curious species (without eyes) is found in the caves of Kentucky; it is named Antaeus pellucidus. ASTART',t V. t. To escape ; to release ; to alarm ; to take unawares. [See AsTcnTE.] [Spenser.] ASTAR'TE, 71. Ashtoreth, a goddess of the Sidonians, supposed to be the same as the Venus of the Romans. — ■ 2. A genus of bivalves, or conchifers. Some of them are English shells, and they are generally found on the sandy mud of coasts. There are also many fossil species. ASTAT'IC, a. [Gr. a priv., and irraat, to stand.] Being without polarity. An astatic needle is a magnetic needle, having its directive property destroyed by the proximity of another needle of the same intensity fixed parallel to i(, but with the poles reversed, so that the north pole of the one is adjacent to the south pole of the otiier. In this posi- tion the needles neutralize each other, and are therefore unaffected by the magnetism of the earth, wliile at tlie same time they are subject to the in- fluence of galvanic action. They were formerly employed in the electric tele- graph. A-STAY', adv. In marine Ian., when, in heaving tiie anchor, an acute angle is formed between the cable and the sur- face of the water, the anchor is said to be a-stay ; and to be a long stay-peak or a short stay-peak, according to the dis- tance of the anclior from the vessel. ASTER, 7^ [add.] Many species are cul- tivated in our gardens under the name of ]\Iichaelmas daisy. ASTERA'CE^E, 7i. In hot., a name given by some to the nat. order of Compositie. ASTE'RIAS, n. [add.] The Linnaian genus Asterias comprised every form of radiation which appears in the tnbe of radiated animals ; but Lamarck 'in- cludes only the star-tishes properly so Gy ASTRAGALUS ATELIER ATMOSPHERIC LINE called. Those which have an angular body, the rays of which are short, not exceeding the diameter of the disk, he calls scutellated star-tishes ; and those which have a body furnished with elongated rays, he calls radiated star- fishes. A. iesselata is an example of the former division, and A. glacialis, common star-fish, or five-finger, is an example of the latter. ASTEROID, or ASTEROID', «. [add.] The name asteroids was given by Herschel to the small planets Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and A'esta, discovered about the commencement of the present century. A number of other small planets have been discovered more recently between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, as Astriea, Flora, Iris, kc. ASTEROLEPIS, or STARRT- SCALE, n. [Gr. as^r?- star, Mti?. scale.] i A genus of tishes, now only found in a fossil state in the old red sandstone. From the remains, it would seem that these fishes must have sometimes at- tmned the length of eighteen or twenty feet. The structure of this curious , AsTiBOLEPisL i.Bjroitl j-Ute of Ait^rolepis, l-9:h natuml siw. 2. Itit«nuil ridge o( liyuiJ pUit«, l-ltli nstural siie. fossil is elucidated by Mr. Miller in an interesting volume called Footprints of the Creator ; oi; the A^terolepis of Stromtiess. AVe have figured one of its most characteristic bones, the liyoid plate, with its central strengthening ridge. The stellate markings, from which the genus derives its name, seem to have been restricted to the dermal plates of the head. ASTERTE',t v. i. (astert'.) [Sax.] To move ; to get away ; to escape. [Chau- cer,] ASTHE'MA,)n. [.See Asthenic] AS'THENY, ) DebUity; want of strength. ASTHMATIC, n. A person troubled with asthma. ASTHMAT ICAL, a. Same as Asth- matic. ASTHMAT'ICALLY, adv. In an asthmatical manner. ASTIR', «. Stirring; active. ASTON'lEDNESS,t H. State of being astonished. ASTONISH, V. f. [add ] To astonish is used by Shah, to signify to stun with a blow. ASTOUXD',t V. I. To shake ; to strike terror. ASTU.E'.\, 71. One of the small planets or asteroids between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered by Eneke, a Prussian astronomer, December S, ISio. It revolves round the sun in 1-511*10 soUr days, and is about 2^ times the distance of the earth from the sun. ASTRAG'ALUS,«. Milk-vetch, an ex- tensive genus of plants, nat. order Legimiinosa?. Gum-tragacanth is ob- tained from .4. verus, a species found in many parts of the Levant; but the same substance is prepared from several other species, as A. creticus, and A. aristatus. A few species are found in Britain ; several are cultivated in gar- dens. ASTRAL L.\MP, «. [add.] This lamp is constructed so as to throw a strong and uniuterrupted light on the table below. ASTRAPiE'A, n. [Gr. «*^j«t»), light- ning.] A genus of plants, belonging to the nat. order of Dombeyaee«. It is remarkable for the splendid colour of the riowers, which are collected into large heads, and for its large stipules. A. Wallichii is a native of Madagascar, but is cultivated and flowers readily in our gardens. AS'TRELABRE,t n. Astrolabe. [Chaucer.] ASTRICT", r. t. [add.] To constrict; to contract ; to restrict ; to confine. ASTRINGE', V. t. [add.] Figurativehj, to oblige ; to constrain ; to bind by obligation. ASTRINGENTLY, adv. In an as- tringent manner. ASTKOCAKYUM, n. A genus of palms inhabiting the tropical parts of America. The stems are all covered over with stitf and very numerous prickles. The fruit resembles cocoa-nuts, and the fleshy part of the fruit of A. murumuru is considered a great delicacy by the Americans. The wood of A. aj/rt is much u^ed for bows, and similar pur- poses; and the fibres of the leaves of A. tucuma are used for fishing-nets. ASTKOGNO'SIA, instead of ASTKOC. NOSIA. ASTKOU XOSY, ». Same as ASTROGNOSIA. ASTROL'OOY, n. [add.] The term astrologu was used by the ancients in the sense of astronotut/. ASTRUXOM'I€ON,i- «. A treatise on the stars. ASTROPHY'TON, n. A genus of ra- diated animals, containing the me- dusa's head star-fish. AS'TROSCOPY', or ASTROS'- €OPY.t n. ASTCTE LY, adv. Shrewdly; sharply; cunningly. ASTY'L.\R, a. [Gr. a priv., and cnXe?, a colunm.] In arch., a term applied to a building \\ithout columns. ASAVEV ED,t pp. [Sax. f^wefed.] Stu- pified, as in a dream. [Chaucer.] ASWOUNE',t adv. See Aswoon. ASYLUM, n. [add.] An institution for the relief or protection of tlie unfortu- nate or destitute ; as, an asi/lum fur the poor, for the blind, for the deaf and dumb, or for the insane. ASYM'.AlETROUS,t a. Asymmetrical. AS'YMPTOTE, n. [add.] Sometimes WTitten ASYMPTOTE. ASYMPTOTIC, a. Same as Asymp- totical. AT, prep, [add.] For ; as, a ream of son- nets purchased at a crown a sheet. [Addison.] ATAGHAX', n. See Attaghan. A-TAUNT , or A-TAUNT'O. A ves- sel is said to be aV-ataunt, when she is fully rigged. ATAX'IA, n. Same as At.\xt, but more generally used by medical men. ATAX'IC, n. In med., irregular, charac- terized by great irregularity. — Ataxic fever, a term applied by Pinel to nia- li;rnant tvphus fever. AT-EAR'ST',t adv. [Sax.] Lately; at length; suddenly; instantly. [Speiiser.] ATE'LIER, n. '[Fr. a workshop.] A word derived from the French, and applied specially to the work-room of sculptors and painters, also called a studio, A TEMTO, or A TEM PO PRI'MO. [It.] In musiCy a direction that, after any change of movement by accelera- tion or retardation, the original move- ment be restored. ATHA'N AS, n. A genus of long-tailed crustaceans, containing one British species, the Athanas nitescens, found on the south coast of England. ATHANA'SIAN, n. A follower of Atbanasius, or a believer in his creed. A'THEIZE, r. t. To render atheistic. A'THEIZEK.f n. One who atheizes. ATHENE, or ATHENA, n. Among the Greeks, the goddess of wisdom, of arts and sciences, known to the Romans as Minerva — In ornith., the name of a genus of owls, from the owl having been the attendant bird of Jlinerva. ATHER'MANOUS, a. [Gr. o priv., and Bi'ur], heat.] A term applied to those substances which have the power of retaining all the heat which they re- ceive. Those bodies which transmit the heat they receive through their sub- stance are called diathennanous. ATHEROSPERMA'CEJE, n. A small nat. order, nearly allied to MonimiacejD, and belonging to the monochlamydeous class of dicotyledonous plants; they have usually unisexual flowers, anthers opening by valves, several superior car- pels, the styles of which become fea- thery, and opposite leaves in short stipules. There are only three genera, two of which are trom Australia, the third from Chili. All are fragrant. Doryophora sassafras is called sassa- fras in New Holland. ATHLE T.E, ) n. [See Athletic] ATHLETES,) Among the Greeks and HomanSy contenders at the public games for victorv; wrestlers; boxers, &c. ATHLET IGALLY, adv. In a strong, robust, or athletic manner. ATHLE TIS>I. I 71. The act of con- ATHLET ICISM.) tending at the public games; muscular strength. [Rar. us.] A-THRE',t adv. In three parts. [Chau- cer.] ATHY'.AnA, a. [Gr. « priv., and J^^ak, courage.] Lowness of spirits; despond- ency; melancholy. ATLANTA, n. A genus of heteropo- dous molluscs, found in the seas of all hot climates. The shell is very deli- cate, spii"ally rolled on it-self, and liaving a thin and irlassv operculum. AT MOSPHEUE,7i. [add.] Ina^;/Mra- Hve sense, pervading influence ; as, a moral atmosphere. ATMOSPHERIC ENGINE, n. A variety of steam-engine used only for pumping, and known also as the single- acting engine. The piston-rod is at- tached to one end of the beam, and the pump-rods to the other; and the weight of these last are so adjusted as to be capable of draw ing the piston to the top of the cylinder, when steam of a pressure equal to that of the atmo- sphere is admitted below it. In this position the steam is condensed, and a vacuum thereby created under the pis- ton, which in consequence descends by the pressure of the atmosphere acting on the upper surface of it. ATMOSPHERIC LINE {of a steam- pressure dia>jram\ n. The line drawn by the pencil when the steam is shut off from the piston of the indicator, and it ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAT ATRABILIARY ATTEMPKE is acted on by the pressure of tlie atmo- sphere alone. The height of tlie steam- line above this sliows the pressure of the steam, and the deptli of the vacuum line below shows the degree of condensation which is then taking place in the engine. ATMOSPHERI€PRESSURE,n.The weight of the atmosphere on a unit of surface, as a square inch. The mean atmospheric pressure referred to this unit is 14'7 lbs. It is also measured by the height of a mercurial column which it supports in a barometer; referred to this measurement, the atmospheric pressure is equal to 29!) inches. ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY, n. A railway so constructed that the motive power is derived from the pressure of the atmosphere. A continuous iron tube of uniform bore, about eighteen inches diameter, is laid along the mid- Fis. 1. die of the line, parallel with the rails, and in tliis tube a piston A (Hg. 1), of peculiar construction is contained, and gives motion to a traction vehicle in lead of the train of carriages to be pro- pelled, by virtue of the predominating atmospheric pressure behind it, induced by partially e.vtracting the air from that end of the tube or main towards which it is advancing. To obtain a r«. 2. connection of the vehicle, the piston is provided with a long bar projecting backwards, and carrying a weight B, at its e.xtremity, to balance the weight of the piston itself, and at the middle of its length a flat plate C, called the coul- ter, is attached, and projects upwards through a longitudinal slit in the tube: to this plate the traction vehicle is at- tached in any convenient way. The slit through which the coulter projects extends throughout the entire length Fig. 3. of the tube, and is covered by a con- tinuous claclt-valve D (in figs. 2 and 3), consisting of a band of leather, strengthened with plates of iron. When no train is passing, tliis valve is close, as seen in fig. .3, and is made Jiir-tight by some sealing composition (of wax .and tallow) melted upon the loose edges, and it is protected from ex- ternal injury by a thin valve E (figs. 2 and .3), attached also to the tube by a leather hinge. That the coulter may readily pass along the slit of the tube, without inj uring the valve, four wheels or rollers F (seen in fig. 1), are at- tached to the piston-bar, so as to raise it sui^iciently high to keep it clear of the coulter. After the coulter has liassed, the valve is pressed down by tlie wheel G (fig. 3), and immediately sealed by the heater H, attached to the after-end of the vehicle. The propul- sion of the piston is elfected, as already intimated, by partially exhausting the air from tijat end of the tube towards which it is advancing; which is done by means of an appropriate system of air-pumps worked by stationary power. The system, however, has not hitherto fulfilled the expectations of its pro- moters, and is therefore meantime abandoned. AT'OLL, ) n. The name given by the ATOL'LON,) natives of the Mal- dives to coral-islands, consisting of a strip or ring of coral surrounding a central lagoon. In (jeoijraplnj, it is applied to all coral-islands inclosing a lagoon. They are said to be simple if not encircled by reefs, or compound when they are so encircled. They pre- sent often an exceedingly picturesque appearance ; a comparatively narrow sti'ip of coral-rock thinly coated with soil, and covered with a vigorous growth of coeoa-nnt, pandanus, and bread-fruit trees, inclosing a large, stiU sheet of water, usually of con- siderable depth, and often well sup- plied with fish. The circle of coral is often complete, showing no apparent communication with the surrounding sea; at other times it is interrupted, and presents one or more openings, frequently of sufficient extent and depth to be used as a boat passage. ATOM'ICISM,t n. Atomism. ATONE', V. t. [add.] In Shali., to make at one; to reconcile; to make in con- cord. — To alone toijether, to unite. ATON'IA, 71. SeK Atony. ATON'ie, a. [add.J In med., charac- terized by atony, or want of vital energy; as, an atonic disease. ATON'I€, n. In gram., a word that has no accent. AT'ONY, n. [add.] Want of vital energy and strength of action in the heart and lungs. ATRABlLAlRE',t a. [Ft.] Melan- choly; atrabiliary. ATUABIL'IARY,) a. Melancholic, or ATRABIL'IOUS, | hypochondriacal ; from the supposed preponderance of black bile. — Airubiliaru capsules, the renal or supra-renal glands or capsules. ATRABI'LIS, n. [L. from aira, and bills.] Black bile, a thick, lilack, acrid fluid, supposed by the ancients to be secreted by the spleen, pancreatic, or atrabiliary capsules, but only a morbid state of the bile. ATRAMENTA'CEOTJS, a. Black as ink. A'TRED,t a. (a'terd.) [L. ater.] Tinged with a black colour. AT'KIPLEX, 7i. [Gr. a neg., and r^t^ur, to nourish.] Orache, a genus of plants. [See Or.\ciie.] AT ROPOUS, a. [Or. u. priv., and tjs™, to turn.] In hot., a term applied to the erect ovule. It is synonymous with urtliotropous. ATTAC'CA, n. [It.] In music, a direc- tion which denotes that the next move- ment is to follow immediately, without any pause. ATTACH', V. t. [add.] To connect with, in a fiyurative sense ; as, to attach great importance to a particular cir- cumstance. ATTACH', V. i. [add.] To take hold of, in a literal sense ; as, to attach the hand of a lady. [.s/imA.] ATTACH'MENT, n. [add.] The pro- cess of foreign attachment, exists in London, Bristol, Exeter, Lancaster, and some other towns in England. In Scotland, this proceeding is called ar- restment. — Attachment is also tlie name given to a process issuing in a summary manner from a court of record, against the person of any one guilty of a eon- tempt of its rules ; as, against attorneys for malpractice, -""- sheriffs for making a ftilse or no retiu-n _■- to awrit,and parties j.'-'-" neglecting to pay costs, when ruled to do so. — The term attachment is also used to signify that by which one thing is attached to an- other ; as, to cut the attachments of a muscle; also, some adjunct, attached to an instrument, ma- chine, or other object ; as, the Eolian attachment to the pianoforte. AT'TAGEN, n [add.] A genus of birds (Syrrhaptes), of which the only known species is somewhat allied to the par- tridges. It is a native of the deserts of Central Asia, and is rarely met with in the south of Eui-ope. ATTAIN'DER, n. [add.] By the act of 3 and 4 Wm. IV., c. 106, the conse- quences of attainder are limited to the life of the person attainted.— iiiV; of attainder, the same as act of at- tainder. ATTAINT', n. Sig. 4. [add.] Theuritof attaint was abolished by 4 Geo. IV., o. 60. A corrupt juror is punishable by fine and imprisonment, upon an indict- ment or information. ATTAINT', a. Convicted; attainted. [Bare.] ATTAIiE',t) V. t. [Sax.] To overtake. ATAKE',t )■ [Chaucer.] ATTAMED,! pp. [Ft. cntame.] Open- ed ; begun ; tasted ; felt ; disgraced. [Chaucer.] ATTEM'PRE,+ a. (attem'per.) [Ft.] Temperate. [Che/wer.] A'J'TOKN', V. t. To turn or transfer the homage or service of a vassal or ten- ant. ATTOKN'EY, «. [add.] An attorney is either public or private. A private attorney is one authorized to make contracts, and do other acts for his principal out of coiu-t, by an instru- ment called a letter of attorney. A public attorney, or attorney-at-law, is an officer of a court of record, legally qualified to prosecute and defend ac- tions in coiu-ts of law, on the retainer of clients. A solicitor differs from an attorney in practising in courts of equity, instead of common law. By an Act 6 and 7 Vict., c. 63, the whole of the laws relating to attorneys and solicitors were consolidated, and spe- cial care is taken to prevent un- qualified persons practising, and per- sons seeking to be admitted attorneys are subjected to a regular examination. — Letter or power of attornet/, an in- strument by which one person au- thorizes another to do some act for him ; as to execute a deed, to collect rents or debts, to sell estates, &c. ATTOKN EY-GENEKAL, n. Aminis- terial offit-cr of the crown, specially appointed by letters patent. He is the public prosecutor on behalf of the crown ; liaving general powers to act in all legal proceedings in which the crown is a party; particularly to pro- secute in criminal matters afi'ecting the state. The attorney-general lias precedence of all other counsel, and the solicitor-general ranks next to hun. ATTOKN'EY - OENEK ALSHIP, n. The office of attorney-general. ATTOUUM "• [f'r-J Head-dress. [Chaucer.] ATTKA€'TIVE, ii. That which draws or incites. AT TRAHENS AU'RIS, n. [L. atiraho, to draw to.] A muscle which draws the ear forwards and upwards. AT'TKAIIENT, n. That which draws to, or attracts ; as a magnet. — 'J. In 7ned., a substance formerly supposed to possess the property of drawing the humours to the part applied, but whicli in reality only excites action in the part, and thus may increase excretion, as a blister, sinapism, rubefacient, or suppurative. ATTKAPT',f pp. Adorned. [Spcjjser.] ATTRIBUTE, n. In paint, [add.] At- tributes are subordinate natural beings, or products of human workmanship, which serve to denote the character and action of the principal figures. ATTUiTE', n. [add.] In Rom. Catholic theology, repentant only through fear of punishment. ATTRY,t ) a. [Sax. cctran, to poi- AT'T£RLY,t) son.] Poisonous; per- nicious ; virulent. [Chaucer.] ATTCNE', r. t. [add.] In a Jigurative sense, to arrange fitly ; to make accord- ant; to bring into harmony with; as, to attune the thoughts ; to attune the heart; to attune our aims to the Divine will. ATTUN'ED,/>?). [add.] Made accordant, in ajlr. [add.] Making ac- cordant, in a fujurative sense. ATWEEI/. I wot well. [Scotch.] A-T WINNE,'t ) adv. {a-twin'.) In two; A-TWO',t J asunder. [Chaucer.] ATWIST', a. Awry; distorted. [Mar. us.] AT'YA, n. A genus of crustaceous ani- mals, forming a peculiar subdivision of the shrimp family. One species {Atya scabra), is found in the mountain streams of some of the West Indian Islands. ATYPIC, a. [Gr. a priv., and TVTot, a type.] Having no type ; irregular. [Jiar. us.] AU. In words commencing with this syllable, the a has the broad sound, as in all AUCHE'NIA, 7i. A genus of ruminat- ing animals, aUied to the camel. The only distinct species are the llama, paco or alpaca, and vicugna or vicuna. AUCIIT, > i\t. To possess or belong to; AUGHTJ as, whae's aught it? to whom does it belong? [Scotch.] AUCHT, ) n. Possession : property. — In AUGHT, j ane's aught, in ones keep- ing or possession. [Scotch.] AU fOUUANT', a. [Fr.] Well ac- quainted with what is going on; ap- plied either to public or private mat- ters. AUG'TION, V. t To sell by auction. [Rar. us.] AUCTION, 71. [add.] Dutch auction, a method of public sale, which consists in the uffer of property at a price be- yond its value, and then gradually lowering or dhninishing that price, un- til some one among tlie company agrees to become the purchaser. — Auction- duly, a duty levied upon goods sold by auction. AU€ TION-ROOM, n. A room where an auction is held. AUt"'TlVE,f a. Of an increasing qua- lity . 3G AU€'TOUR,t «. [L. auctor.] A writer of credit. [Chaucer.] AUDIBILITY, n. Audibleness. [Rar. us.] AUD'IBLE, n. The object of hearing. [Rar. us.] AUDIEN DO ET TEKMINAN'DO. [L.] In laic, a writ or commission to certain persons, for appeasing and pun- ishing any insurrection or great riot. AUD'IT, V. i. To sum up. AUDI' TION.f n. A hearing. AUD'IT-OFFICE, n. The office where the commissioners tor auditing the pubhc accounts transact their business. It is at Somerset House, and is under the immediate control of tiie Lords of the Treasury. AUDITOR, n. [add.] The auditors of the exchequer, were officers appointed to take the accounts of receivers of public revenues. At present there is a board of six commissioners for auditing the public accounts. Two of them are empowered to examine persons on oath, and to do all acts concerning the audit of public accounts. Auditors are an- nually elected by the burgesses, under the municipal corporations act, two for each borough. They audit tlte borough accounts half-yearly, and must not be members of the council. AUDIT'UAL, rt. Related to hearing. [Rar. us.] AU FAIT, (o' fa'.) [Fr.] Literally, ac- quainted with ; up to the accomplish- ment of anything; that is, master of it; perfectly able to perform it. AU'GER-SHELL, «. The shells of the genus Terebra are popularly so called. AUGET', 71. [Fr.] A tube tilled with powder, and extending from the cham- ber of a mine to the extremity of the gallery; used in exjiloding mines. AUGMENT ATlVK,n. A word formed to express greatness. AUGURING, jj;>r. or a. Prognosticat- ing ; prescient ; as, auguring hope. AUGURIST, n. An augur. [Rar. «s.] AU'GURSHIP. H. The office, or period of office, of an augm*. AUGUST'INES. See Avgustins. AUGUST'LY, adv. In an august man- ner. AULA'RIAN, a. [L. aula, a haU.] Re- lating to a hall. AULD, «. Old. [Scotch.] AULD LANG SYNE. A phrase used to express days, or times long since past, [Scotch.] AULD-WARLD, a. Old-fashioned; ancient ; antique. AU'LI€, a. [add.] The aulic council of the former G erman empire, became extinct when that empire was dissolved in 1806. There is, however, an aulic council at Vienna, for the affairs of the war department of the Austrian em- pire. It consists of twenty-five coun- cillors. ^ AULMONIERE, n. [Fr.] A purse. AULN, n. (awn.) A French cloth-mea- sure. [See AuNE.] AUL'NAOE,t H. (aw'-naj.) Measure- ment by the ell. [See Alnagk.] AUL'NAGER, n. See Alnaoer. AULOS TOMA, n. [Gr. a»Xot, a pipe, (rrfl.u-a, a mouth.J A genus of acanthop- Heftil of Aulostoma ntaculatum. terygious fishes, including the pipe- mouthed fishes, or those species which ATJSPICIAL AUTOCARPOUS AVAUNT are tliaracterized by a mouth which is lengthened into the form of a pipe or tube. AUJiAYLD'.t VP- [See Aumail.] En- amelled. [.S;>e?wer.] AUM BLE.t n. See Amble. AU'MENEK.t ) n. [Fr. aumoniere.] A AU'MERE.t j purse. [Chaucer.] AUNT, H. [add.] A proem'ess ; any old woman. [Shah.] AUN'TER, for AVENTUKE. [Chau- cer.] AUN'TKOUS, for ADVENTROUS. [Chaucer.] AU'R.\, Ji. [add.] Among physicians, a peculiar sensation resembling that pro- duced by a current of air. — Einlepiic aura {aura epileptica), a sensation as of a cui-rcnt of air, rising from some part of the body to the head, preceding an attack of epilepsy. — Electric aura, a term expressive of electricity, as re- ceived from a point, from the sensa- tion it conmumicates. AU'RAL, a. Pertaining to the air. AU'REATE, a. [add.] Same as Aurate. AURE'LIAN, 71. An amateur collector and breeder of insects, particularly of the Eepidoptera. AURIt'ULAR, n. [add.] Pertaming to the auricles of the heart. — Auricular feathers, in birds, the circle of feathers surrounding the opening of the ear. AUia€'ULATE, a. [add.] In cunchol., a term applied to certain bivalves, which have a Hat, angulated projection on one or both sides of the unibones or bosses ; most developed in the pectens. AURl'GAL, a. Pertaining to a chariot or carriage, [liar, us.] AUKIG'KAPHY, n. [h. aurum, gold, and Gr. y^^^st, to write.] The art of writing witli gold instead of ink. AUR1S€ALP'1UJI, n. [L.] See Ac- RISCALP. AU'RITED, a. [L. aurilus.] Eared; auriculate; having lobes or append- ages like an eai'; a term used both in bot. and zool. AU'RIUM TIN'NITUS, n. [L.] A ringing noise in the ears. AU'RO€U,H. [add.] This species of wild bull was once abundant, roaming in herds over many parts of the continent of Europe, preferring the neighbour- hood of extensive forests. The exteu- Auroch, Uos sion of civilization has reduced its num- bers, and were it not for the protection alibrded to a few herds of this species by the Emperor of Russia, it would soon be e.\tinct. A noble stuffed speci- men, presented by the Emperor of Russia, exists in the coUeotion of the Britiili Museum. AURUNG', n. In Itidia, the place where goods are manufactured. AUSX'ULTATOR, n. One who prac- tises auscultation. AU'SPI€ATORY, a. Of or belonging to auspices or omens. AUSPl'CIAL, a. Relating to prog- nostics or omens. AUSTRALA'SIAN, a. Relating to Australasia. AUSTRALA'SIAN, n. A native of Australasia. AUSTRALIA, n. The name of the largest island in the world, otherwise called New Holland. It is sometimes improperly applied to all the oceanic regions between Asia and America. In this latter sense the word is sub- stituted for Australasia, or the fifth division of the globe, which properly includes only the islands extending from Papua or New Guinea to lat. 60° S., and from long. 110° to 180° E., the principal of which are Pai>ua, Australia, Van Dienien's Land, New Zealand, New Caledonia, tStc. AUSTRA'LIAN, a. Pertaining to Aus- tralia or to New Holland. AUSTRA'LIAN, n. A native of Aus- AU'TAR€HY, n. [Gr. kutc,-, self, and »SX*t) government.] A government by one ; self-sufficiency. AU'TER.t n. [Fr.] Altar. [Chaucer.] AU'TER-VIE, }). (o'ter vee.) [Law Fr.] Another's life. — Tenant pour auier- vie, one who holds an estate by the life of another. AUTHENTIC, ) a. [add.] Genu- AUTHEN'Tl€AL,j ine; real; ap- plied to persons ; as, an authentic au- thor ; an authentic sage ; an autheidic wit. — In law, vested with all due formalities ; executed by the proper authorities, and legally attested. — In music, having an immediate relation to the key-note or tonic; in distinction from plaijal, having a corresponding relation to the tifth or dominant, in the octave below the key-note. — Aidhentic meludies, those which have then* prin- cipal notes between the key-note and its octave, in distinction from plaijal melodies, which have their principal notes in the octave below the fifth of tiie key. — Authentic moods or tones, in the ancient church music, the four moods introduced by St. Ambrose, in which the principal notes of the melo- dies are confined within the octave above the key-note, in distinction from the plagal moods or tones introduced by Gregory the Great, in which the principal notes of the melodies are con- fined within the octave below the fifth of the key. — Authentic cadence, the same as perfect cadence. [See under Perfect.]— /"/«!/«; cadence, the chord or harmony of the fourth or sub-domin- aii(. followed by that of the tonic. ALTUEN TI€ATE, v. t. [add.] To determine as genuine ; as, to authenti- cate a portrait. AUTHEN'TIGLY, adv. Authentically. [1-iar. vs.] AUTHEN'TI€S, n. An extract from the novels of .Uistinian, by w liich a law of the code is either clianged or abo- lished. AU'THORISM,?!. Authorship ; quality of an author. [Har. us.] AU'THORIZABLE, a. That may be authorized. AU'THOKLESS, o. Without an author. AUTHORLY, a. Belonging to an author. [liar, us.] AUTOBIOG'RAPHER, n. One who writes his own life. AUTOBIOGRAPHIC, a. Same as Autobiographical. AUTOBIOG'RAPHIST, n. Same as AUTOBIOGBAPHER. AUTOCARPOUS, instead of AUTO- CARP'IOUS. 37 AUTOCHTHON, n. plur. Autoch- thones, [add.] An aboriginal or native. — 2. That which is original to a par- ticular country, or which had there its first origin. AUTOCHTHONAL, ) a. Indige- AUTOCH'THONOUS,f nous. AUTOCRATICALLY, adv. In the manner of an autocrat. AUT0C;RAT0R, n. An autocrat; a person invested with absolute inde- pendent power, by which he is ren- dered unaccountable for his actions. AUTOCRATOR ICAL, a. Pertaining to an autocrat ; supreme ; absolute ; as, autocratorical power. AUTOe'RATRlCE,«. A female abso- lute sovereign. AU'TOCRATSHIP,n. The office of an autocrat. AUTOGENOUS SOLDERING, n. The process of uniting pieces of metal by the fusion of part of theii' own sub- AUTOG'RAPHAL, a. Same as Auto- GRAPIIICAL. AUTOG'RAPliy, n. A process in Uthoijraphii, by which a writing or drawing is transferred from paper to stone. AUTOM'ATAL, a. Same as Adtoma- Tic. AU'TOPISTY, n. [Gr. a«„s, self, and nrijwf, faitii.] Internal worthiness of belief; the quality of credibility exist- ing in itself independent of external circumstances. AUTOP'SIA, n. [Gr. «vrt;, self, and oiTTcfLKi, to see.] Post-mortem examina- tion; inspection of the body after death. Note. — Aufopsia and its derivatives are rarely used except by medical writers. AUTOTHE'ISM, n. The doctrine of the self-existence of God. [Har. us.] AU'TUMN, n. [add.] In pup. Ian., autumn comprises August, September, and October. AUXET'lC,t a. Amplifying; increas- ing. AUXIL'IAR,^- n. An auxiliary. AUXILTAR, ) a. [add.] Auj-iliar!/ AUXIL'I A RY, i verb, a verb that assists in the conjugation of other verbs. [See the Noun.] — Auxiliarii scales, in music, the six keys or scales, consisting of any key major, with its relative minor, and the attendant keys of each. AUXIL'IARLY, adv. By means of aid or help. AVADAV'AT, n. An East Indian bird, much kept by the natives in cages, on account of its pretty plumage. AVAlL',t t'. t. See Avale. AVALE',t I', t. [Fr. avaler.] To let down ; to lower, as a sail ; to cause to descend ; to depress ; to make abject. AVALE',t f. !• To fall, as rain, or the tide; to descend; to dismount. AVANCE',t !'. !. (avans'.) [Fr.] To advance; to profit. [Chaucer.] AVANT',t "■ [Fr.] Boast. [Chaucer.] AVANT'AGE,t n. Advantage. [Chau- cer.] AVANT' COU'RIER, instead of A- VANT' COUREUR. AVANTE',t V. i. (avanf.) [Fr.] To boast. [Chaucer.] AVATAR', or AVA'TAR. AVATA'RA, instead of AVATARA. AVAUNC'EMENT,t «. Advancement. AVAUNT', t V. i. To come before; to advance. AVAUNT',t adv. [Fr.] Forwaid. [Chaucer.] AVERSIVE A-WHEELS AXIS :CE,t{ n. AVAlTNT',t AVAV^■T'A^XE,f J- n. Boasting. AVAUNTRT. AVAUNT ING,t ppr. [See Vauxt.] Boasting. [Spenser.] A'VE, n. An ave-niary. AVELL'jfr.r [L.avelio.'] To pull away. A'VE-MA'RY, or A'VE-MARI'A, h. [add.] In JRom. Catholic countries, a par- ticular time, about half-an-hour after sunset, and also at early dawn, when the bells ring, and the people repeat the ave-marv. AVEXAUM^t «. [Fr.] Becoming; well-looking. [Chaucer.] AVEXGE',t n. Revenge. AVENGE FIJL, a. Revengeful. [7?ar. j vs.] AV'ENS, n. Geum, a genus of plants. Common avens, or herb-bennet, is G. urbamim. Its root has been em- ployed as a gentle styptic, coiToborant, . and stomachic, and it is also esteemed \ on the Continent as a febrifuge. The i root of G. rivale, or water-avens, is in ; high estimation in America in the cure I of intermittents, and has been alleged by some to be as efficacious as Perunan I bark. Mountain-avens is a species of [ Drv;^, the D. octopetala. AVENTAYLE',-^ n. (aventavl'.) See AYENTAILE', ) Vextail in Diet, i AYEN'TRED,tijp. [Fr.] Adventured. ■ [Spenser.] I AVEN'TRIXG, ppr. Adventuring;! pushing forward. [6i)en,ver.] I AVENT'CRINE, n. A brownish- coloiu-ed glass, interspersed with | spangles, formerly manufactured at Venice, and employed for many orna- j mental purposes. It derived its pe- culiar brilliancy from the presence of i copper-filings. ' A'VER, n. See Aiver in tliis Supp. AVER', V. f. [add.] In /air, to offer to verify. [See Atermest.] AVERAGE, n. [add.] Average, in the ! ordinary use of the term, may be de- I fined, a quantity intermediate to a num- ber of quantities, so that the sum-total of its excesses above those which are less, is equal to the sum-total of its de- fects from those which are greater. , Hence, to find the average of any num- ' ber of quantities, add them all together, ' and divide the sum by the number of quantities: thus 7 is the average of the six numbers, 2, 3, 5, S, 1<>. and 14, for the sum of these is 42, and 42 divided by 6 gives 7. The averatje quantity is a valuable test of the goodness or bad- ness of any particular lot, when there is a perfect similarity of circumstances in the things compared ; but its value diminishes as the quantities averaged vary more from each other. Avera'jes, in the corn trade, is the average amount of prices of the several kinds of grain in the principal corn-markets. Gene- ral average, in maritime law. [See Did., Atebage, Sig. 1.] Every species of loss incurred on any part of a ship's cargo in the course of the voyage, is some- what loosely termed average, or i>ar- ticular average. AVERAGE, a. [add.] Estimated upon a medium or mean proportion. AVERA'XO, n. Brazilian birds of the family Ampelidie and genus Casmarhyn- chus, wliich have no feathers on the throat. AVER CORN, n. In /air, a rent paid in corn. AVERDCPOIS'. See Avoirdupois. AVER'SlVE,t a. Avei-se ; tmning away. AVICEN'NIA, n. [add.] This genus forms the small group Avicenuiese of the nat. order Verbenacea?. AVICULA, n. A genus of bivalve mol- lusca, of which one species (A. hirundo) is occasionally met with on our coasts. Several species are met with in a fossil state. AVID, a. Eager; greedy. [liar, us.] AVID'IOrS, a. Eager; sreedv. A VIVCULO MATKniO'iMI. [L.] In /air, from the bonds of matrimony; a form of divorce. AVISM ». [Fr.] Advice. [Chaucer.] WISAND.t " ^ "- [Chaucer.] AVISAND'.t ppr. [Fr.] Observing A\ ISDE'jf pp. Advised; considered; bethought. [5/>en*er.] AViSE,t V. i. [add.] To see; to look; to observe — To avise oite''s self^ to be- think one's self. [Spenser.] AVlS'IIsGjt ppr. Observing; looking upon. [5pe«5er.] AA'I'SIOXjt H. A'ision. [Chaucer.] AViZD.i" pret. of Avise or Avtze. Saw. f5;>en5er.] A V 1 Z E F y L L,t a. Circumspect. [Spenser.] AVOCADO. See Avigato. AVOCAT, H. [Fr.] An advocate, a name given to the higher class of French lawyers. AVOCATE, V. t. [add.] To remove authoritatively from an inferior to a superior court. AVO'CATl^VE,t a. CaUing off. AVOLATE,t V. i. To fly away; to escape : to exhale. AVOUE', n. [Fr.] In France, originally a protector of a church or religious community; but at present applied to the lower class of French lawyers. AVOUR'.f ) n. [Fr. avouer.] Confes- AVOURE',f ) sion ; acknowledgment. [Spenser.] AVOUTERER,t| n [Fr.] .\n adul- AVOU'TRER.t ) terer. [Chaucer.] AVOU'TEUIE,t) n. Adultery. [CVmu- AVOU'TRIE,t J cer.] AVOWABLYjf adv. In an avowable manner. AVOWAL, n. [add.] The owning or acknowledgment of a thing. AVCL'SIOX, n. [add.] In laic, a term applied where lands are. by an inunda- tion, or current, torn off from property to which they originally belonged, and gained to the estate of another; or where a river changes its course, and instead of continuing to fiow between two properties, cuts off part of one and joins it to the other. The property of the part thus separated continues in the original proprietor, in which re- spect avulsion differs from alluvion. AWAlTE', n. (await.) [Fr.] Watch. [Chaucer.] A WARE'JSING, n. [add.] Act of awak- ing. AWaKE'XING, ppr. Rousing from sleep ; alarming. AWaKF/NINGLY, adv. In a manner to av.aken. AWAP'ED,t pp. [Sax. ira^^an.] Con- founded; stupified. [Chaucer.] AW^E, V. f. [add.] To dread. AWE, n. [add.] Overa\\ing inSuence. AWE, V. i. To owe. [Scotch.] AWE -COMPEL XING, a. Enforcing awe. AWEEL', adv. Well. [Scotch.] AWHAPE',t r. t. [add.] To terrify. [Spenser.] AWHAP'£D,t pp. Terrified. [Spen- ser.] A-WH 0,ELS,+ adv. On wheels. 38 AWM'BRY, n. See Ambht. AW'MOUS. n. Alms. [Scotch.] AWN,orASV'IN,ppr. Owing. [Scotch.] AWREKE',t V. f. (arek'.) [Sax. atr- recan.] To wreak: to persecute; to take vengeance on ; to avenge. [Chau~ cer.] AW'SOJIE.ff. Awful ; teirible. [Scotch.] AX, > V. f. The old English verb for AXE,) ask. It is still in use in various parts of England among the common people. AXAYA'CATL, instead of AXAYA'- CAT. AXE'-SHAPED, a. In hot., having a resemblance to an axe or hatchet; do- labriform. AXE-STONE, H. See in Diet, after AXOTOMOCS. AX'IAL LIXE, n. The name given by Faraday to the line in which the mag- netic force passes from one pole of a horse-shoe magnet to the other. AX lALLY, adv. According to, or in a line with the axis. AXIL'LA, n, [L.] The arm-pit. [See Axil.] AXIOMAT'IC, a. [add.] Consistmg of axioms. AXIS, n. [add.] In hot., the root and stem of the whole plant; the central part or column around which the other parts are disposed; divided into the ascending axis, or stem, and the de- scending oj-is, or root, which two are united by the collum or neck. — Axis of rotation, tlie line about which a body turns. — Arts of si/mmetry, a line on both sides of which the parts of the body are disposed in the same man- ner, so that to whatever distance the body extends in one direction from the axis, it extends as fur in the direc- tion exactly opposite. The middle line of a cone, the diameter of a sphere, the line drawn through the middle of the opposite faces of a cube, are examples of axes of symmetry. — Aris of refraC' Hon, the straight line drawn perpen- dicular to the surface of the refracting medium, through the point of incidence of the refracted ray. Some crystals havetwoaxes of refraction. — Arisofa lens, a straight line drawn through the optical centre of the lens, and perpen- dicular to both its surfaces. — Arisofa spherical, concave, or convex mirror, a straight line which passes through the geometrical and optical centres of the mirror. — Aris of a beam of light, the middle ray of the beam. — Aris of a magnet, the imaginary line which con- nects the north and south poles of the magnet. — An/ic/j/ja/ arts, the imaginary line lyini; between the strata that dip in opi:csi;e directions; or it is the line of common section made by the meet- ing of the strata. [See Anticlinal.] — Axis of rotation, or axis of revolution. In meek., the axis of rotation is the axis about which all the parts of a rotating body turn ; the axis of revolution is the axis about which a revolving body moves. The axis of rotation is in the body itself; the axis of revolution is at the centre of the circle, or other curve, in which the body is moving. These terms, which are often confounded, are exemplitied by the motions of the earth, which rotates on its own axis, and re- volves about a line passing through tlie sun's centre, and perpendicularly to the orbit in which it moves. AXIS, n. A species of Indian deer, the Cervus axis, of which there are two or three varieties. The body of the com- BABOON BACARIA BACLLLARIA nion axis is beautifully marked with ^vliite spots. AX'LED, a. Furnished with an axle. AX'OLOTL, instead of AXOLOTE, ii, [add.] The axolotis constitute the tcenus Axolotes. They belong to the true amphibia?, havinc; permanent gills or branchiae, and also lungs. The axolotl of tiie Mexicans [A. edulis) is sold in the markets of Mexico, and is esteemed a great luxury by the in- habitants; another species has been lately described in the annals of na- tural history. AY, )'ac?«. [add.] Indeed : noting anger AYE, ) and reproach, or sliglit surprise. AY'AH, n. In the East Indies, a native waiting-woman, or lady's-maid. AYE-AYE, n. A sinp;u!ar nocturnal quadruped found in INIadagascar, the Cheiromys Madagascariensis. In its liabits it resembles the sloth, but it is Aye-aye, Cheiromys .Vudag^ucarientis. classed by some naturalists with the monkey tribe, from the hand-like struc- ture of its hinder feet. Cuvier places it among the rodent animals after the squirrels. It is about the size of a hare, and is called aye-aye by the na- tives, from its peculiar cry. AYEN',t \ adv. or prep. Again ; AYEN'ST,t ) against. [Chaucer.] AYEN'WARDjtarfy. Back; backward. [Chaucer.] AY'GULETS,t n.plur. [Fr. aiyiiUette.] Tagged points. [Spenser,] AYUNTAMIEN'TO,«. [Sp.] In Spain and Spanish America, a corporation, or body of magistrates in cities and towns. AZA'LEA, ". [Gr. a^aAea;, dry, from a. neg., and ?«&- to live. J A genus of plants, nat. order Ericaceje. A. pro- cumbens is the only species; it is a British plant, growing on dry heathy ground on many of the IliglUand moun- tains. Many beautiful species of rho- dodendron, with deciduous leaves, are also known under the name of azalea in gardens ; these are principally from North America, but what is called A. Po7itica, is a native of Asia Minor; it possesses poisonous properties. AZELA'I€ ACID, n. An acid obtained by treating oleic with nitric acid. It closely resembles suberic acid. AZOBENZO'IDINE, n. A chemical compound derived from benzoyle. AZOBENZOILIDE, ?i. A chemical compound derived from benzoyle, iso- meric with azobenzoidine. AZOBEN'ZOYLE. See Azobenzule. AZOERYTU'RINE, n. A colouring principle obtained from the archil of commerce. AZO'I€, a. [Gr. « priv., and ^nvj. life.] Destitute of organic life. AZO'LEI€ ACID, n. An acid formed by the action of nitric acid on oleic acid. It occm'S in the form of an oily liquid. AZOLIT'MINE,?!. A colouring matter of a deep blood-red colour obtained from litmus. A'ZOTANE, n. Chloride of azote. AZOT'IG ACID, n. Same as Nitric Acid. AZOT'ie GAS, n. Nitrogen, or nitro- gen gas. AZ'OTIZED, pp. or a. [add.] Those articles of food which contain the least quantity of azote are least adapted by themselves to afford nourishment to the solid fabric of the body ; whilst those which, like meat of various kinds, are almost exclusively composed of azotized compounds, are the most cap- able of serving this purpose. Saccha- rine and oleaginous matters are termed iion-azotized substances, and are in- capable by tiiemselves of supporting animal life. AZO'TOUS ACID, n. Nitrous acid. AZ'RAEL, n. The name given by the Turks and Arabs to the angel of death. AZITL'MI€ ACID, n. The name given to the black matter deposited during the decomposition of prussic acid. It is very similar to ulmic acid. AZ'URE, n. and a. More usually written A'ZURE (pron. a zJiur). AZURE, V. t. instead of AZ'URE. A'ZURED, A'ZURE-STONE, A'ZU- RITE, A'ZURE-TINTED, A'ZUKN, instead of AZ'URED, AZ'URE- STONE, &c. A'ZURINE, 71. The elegant blue plum- aged maluri, small birds found in Australia, are sometimes so called. — A species of fresh-water fish found in Lancasliire (the Leuciscus c/xruleus), is so called from its colour. B. B[add.] To knoui aH from ahidVs foot. • It is a very common phrase to say, " He does not know a B from a bull's foot," meaning that a person is very illiterate, or very ignorant. The term hulVs foot is most probably chosen for the sake of the alliteration, or from old pictorial letters, where B was repre- sented by a bull. BA', n. A ball; a hand-ball or foot-ball. [Scotch.] -BAB, n. A bunch ; a tassel. [Scotch.] BA'BA, n. In the East Indies, a lady. BAB'BLER,n. Two or three species of soft-billed birds are so called. They are famed for their fine song. BABIA'NA, 71. A genus of Cape plants, nat. order Iridace*. Among the species are some of the handsomest of the Cape bulbous plants. They have narrow- plaited sword-shaped leaves, and the flowers are yellow, purple, and scarlet, of considerable size, and extremely handsome. BAB'ILLARD, n. The name of a small insectivorous passerine bird, the Cur- rucu garrula, also called lesser white- throat, nettle-creeper, kc. BABIROUS'SA. See BAijYRorssA. BABI'SHNESS, n. Childishness. BA'BOO, ) n. A Hindoo title of respect BA'BU, ) paid to gentlemen, equiva- lent to musteVy sir. BABOON', n.. [add.] The baboons have been considered by more recent zoolo- gists as constituting a genus of quad- rumana, or four - handed mammals, forming tlie last link in the chain that unites the Simiae, properly so called, with the lower animals. The baboons are of a gloomy and sullen temper, and they exhibit a considerable degree of ferocity when attacked. The wan- deroo, magot, gray baboon, mandrill, and drill are species. BABU. See Baboo. BA'BY-FEATURED,u. Having infan- tine features. BA'BYISM, n. The state or quality of a baby. BA'BY-JUArPER, n. A strong band of galvanized caoutchouc, usually suspend- ed from the roof of a room, with a seat, in which a little child may be securely fastened, attached to it. When the child's feet touch the ground and par- tially .support its weight, the caout- chouc band contracts, and thus a jump- ing or bobbing motion is produced. BABYLONISH, a. See Babylonian. BAB'YLONITE, n A name given to the arrow-shaped Babylonish charac- ter. BA'BYSHIP, ji. The state or condition of a baby. BACA'RIA, n. A genus of composite plants. £. spinoza is an interesting plant, growing well in peat and loam. a9 BACCALAU'REUS, n. [L.] A bachelor of arts. BACCHANA'LIA, n. plur. [L.] Feasts or festive rites in honoiu* of Bacchus. [See Bacchanals.] BACCHANT, instead of BAC- CHANT', H. [add.] A mad priest of Bacchus. BACCHAN'TES, instead of BAC- CHANTE'S. BAC'CHICAL, a. Same as Bacchic. BACCHUS-BOLE, n. A plant pro- ducing large ilowers. BACE,t a. [See Base.] Low. [Spen- ser.] BACE,f ) n. The game of prisoner" shase, BASE, j more generally written base. [See Base.] BACH'ELER,t H. A bachelor ; a knight. [Chaucer.] B ACH'ELERIE,t n. Knighthood ; knights. [Chaiicer.] BACH'ELORlS:\I, n. The state of a bachelor. BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, ». The popular name of a plant of the genus Ranunculus, the R. acris, or common butter-cup, but with double fiowers. It has yellow blossoms. A white one, sometimes, but improperly, also so called, is R. aconitijolius, but the more usual popular name of this last is fair maids of France. BACILLA I\lA,7i. An extensive family BACK-WATER BAGGAGE BAIL of infusorial animalcula, constituted by Elirenberg. BACIL'LUS, n. [L.] In bot, the name given by Link to the cotyledon of the hyacinth.— In zool., a genus of Phas- midre, or wal king-stick insects. BACK, 71. In bj-eireries, kc, a water-cis- tem or reservoir. The liquor-bach in a brewery, is the water-reservoir. BACK, adv. [add.] Back is often used in familiar language for ago: as, a little while back, that is, a short time ago. BACK, r. f. [add.] In seamanship, to back a vessel is to make her move astern. A sailing vessel is backed by means of the sails, and a steamer by reversing the motion of the paddles, or screw- propeller, or, in other words, by back- ing ike engine. — To bach the field, in horse-racing, is to bet against a particu- lar horse or horses, that some one of all the other horses in the field will beat them. — To bach out, a current phrase, signifying to retreat from a difficulty, to refuse to fulfil a promise or engage- ment. BACK, ^ n. A coal-scuttle. — Ass- BACK'ET, ) ftacAef, a scuttle for ashes. [Scotch.] BACK-BOARD, n. [add.] A board at- tached to the rim of a water-wheel, to prevent the water from running off the floats or paddles into the interior of the Ti'heel. BACK-BOXES, n.plur. The boxes on the top of the upper case, used for printers' types, usually appropriated to small capitals. BACK'-CHaIX, n. A chain that passes over the cart-saddle of a horse, to sup- port tiie shafts. BACKER, n. [add.] One who backs or supports another in a contest. BACK'-FILLIXG, n. The act of re- storing to its place earth which has been removed; the earth so restored. BACK'-GROUXD, n. [add.] In paint., the space behind a portrait, or group of figures. I BACK'ING, n. In horsemanship, the ' operation of breaking a colt for the i saddle. — 2. In book-binding, the prepar- ing of the back of a book with glue, &c., before putting on the cover. BACK'ING-UP, n. A term used in ^ cricket, and certain other games, i for stopping the ball and driving it i back. BACK'-LASH, «. In mech., the reaction | upon each other of a pair of wheels ; produced by irregularities of velocity, | when the load is not constant, or the j moving power is not uniform. j BACK'LINS.af/r. Backward?. [Scotch.] BACK'-LOOK, 71. Retrositective view; as, to take a back-looh. [Scotch.] BACK'-PARLOtJR, n. A parlour in ' the back part of a house. BACK-ROPES, n. See JIartingalk. BACKSIDE, «. Sig. 3. [add.] An old law term. BACKSLIT)ING, ppr. or a. Aposta- tizing from faith or practice ; falling insensibly from religion into sin or J idolatry- , ! BACK'lSPEED, n. In mech., a second speed-gear of a lathe, which can be brought into action on the fore-speed, and second series of speeds of the spindle be thereby obtained. I BACK-STAY, n. In printing, a strap ! of leather used to check the carriage of a printing-press. I BACK'-TRICK, n. A mode of attack- ing behind. BACK'-WATER,w. A current of water from the inland, which clears off the deposit of sand, &c., left by the action of the sea : water in a stream which, in consequence of some obstruction be- low, flows back up the stream. — In hydraidics, the rise of water in the tail-race of a wheel, &:c., in consequence of the used water not being allowed to flow freely away. The term is applied whenever the tail-water rises above its usual level in con- sequence of floods, &C.5 or of its having too little clearance to get awav. BACK-YARD, n. A Yard behind a house. BACTLITE, n. [add.] The bacxilites are poly- thalamous, or many- chambered cephalopods, belonging to the family of Ammonites. The spe- cies are only known in a fossil state. The shell is straight, more or less (compressed, conical, and very much elongated. Thechambersare sinuous, and pierced by a mar- ginal siphon. The exter- nal chamber is consider- ably larger than the rest. BACULUS, \ n. [L.] A BA€TLUM,J staff; a stick ; a sceptre. B.ADG'ER, n. [add.] The badgers, thoughbelongingtothebearfamily,now constitute a separate genus, the Meles of Cuvier. 3/. vulgaris is the common badger ; 3/. Labradorica, the American badger. BADG'ER, r. t. To follow up, or pur- sue mth great eagerness, as the badger is hunted ; to pester ; to worry ; to tease. BADGERING, n. The practice of buying corn or victuals in one place, and selling them in another for profit. The Act 7 and 8 A'ict., c. 24, utterly abolished the offence of badgering. B ADl6'EON,instead of B.AJ)lGE'ON. [add.] Also, a mixture of saw-dust and glue, used by joiners to fill up defects in their work. The same name is given to a preparation for colouring houses, consisting of powdered stone, saw-dust, slaked lime, alum, &c. B/E'CKIA, n. A genus of interesting plants, natives of New Holland. Nat. order Mvrtaceae. B^OM'YCES, n. [Gr. $a.n>ff, small, and fj-vxit, fungus.] A genus of fungi. The species appear like some small kinds of Agaricus, or Heivilloj and are generally found upon heath, oaks, or sandstone. BAFF, n. A blow; a heavy thump. [Scotch.] BAFF'ULD,ti>p. Baffled; treated with the greatest ignominy imaginable. [Spenser.] BAG, V. i. [add.] To distend, as a bag; as, he bagged his leathern pocket with gold. [Gay.] To huok up, and gather grain. BAGATELLE', n. [add.] A game played on a board having at the end nine holes, into which balls are to be struck with a rod held in the hand of the plaver. BAG GAGE, n. [add.] A playful, saucy female ; a flirt. [Familiar.] 40 BAG'GA6ER,t «• One who carries the baggage. BAG'GALA, BAGXO,orDOW,n. A two-masted Arab boat, used both for Baggala cr Dow. commerce and for piracy in the Indian Ocean, between the ilalabar coast and the Red Sea. Large numbers of them trade between Muscat, the Red Sea, and India, making one voyage each way annually with the monsoons. They are generally of 2j£a.. to trip, or caper.] A fonn of palsy, attended with tits of leaping or running. BAL'LISTER, n. See Balistek. BALLOONING, n. The art of making and managing balloons. BAL'LOT, n. [add.] Voting by ballot^ signifies voting by putting little balls of ditlerent colours into a box or urn ; the greater number of one colour put in determining the result. In the case, however, of an election to an office, where only one or a smaller number of candidates than are put in nomination can be elected, it is usual to place sealed lists or tickets, containing the name or names of the candidates which the voters make choice of into a glass urn, from which, after all the votes have been collected, they are taken and ex- amined, in order to determine in whose favour the greatest number of votes has been given. In clubs, scientific socie- ties, insurance offices, commercial as- sociations, &c., the members, managers, or directors are almost unixersally elected by ballot, and for this purpose coloured balls are usually employed ; hence, the expression to black bull, signifying to reject a candidate. BAL'LOTEK, n. One who ballots or votes bv ballot. BAL'LOTIST, n. An advocate for vot- ing bv ballot. BAL'LO"\V,tn. A pole. [Shak.] BALL'-ROOM, n. A room for assem- blies or balls. BALM'IFY,t r. f. To render balmv. BALM'Y-BREATUING, or B.ILM'- BKEATUING, a. Fragrant; odo- riferous. B-AXCENICEPS, n. A gigantic gralla- torial bird, about three feet and a-half in height, with a large beak,«omewhat resembling the boit-bill. It has teen lately found in the interior of Africa. Its large tlat bill must be useful to it in capturing and crushing the lizards and other reptiles on which it feeds. BALSA, ^ n. [Sp. from balsa, a kind of B-VL'ZA, ) light porous wood used in Peru for constructing rafts. J A kind of boat used on the coasts and rivers of Peru, and other parts of South America. BAL SAM,t V. t. To render balsamic; to soften. BALSAMINA'CE^,) n. Asmallorder BALSAMIN'E-E, ) of plants with an irregular calyx and corolla, each of several pieces, and hj-pogynous stamens. It has been placed by some along with the gj'nobasic orders, but the fruit is not gynobasic. BAL'SAMINE, n. [add.] The common name of the Balsamina hortensis, or Impatiens balsamina (Linn.) [See Bal- samina.] BALSA MODENT)R ON, n. A genus of plants scarcely distinct from Protium, and belonging to the nat. order Bur- seracese, w hich has by some been made a division of AmjTidaceie. B. myrrha yields myrrh or bobali; it is called kerobeta by the Abyssinians ; B. opo- balsamum jields the balm of Mecca, beshan, or balessan, of Bruce; B. Gt- leadense is also said to produce it ; B. Africamim vields the African bdellium. BAL'TEI, ». plur. The bands in the danks of Ionic pulvinated capitals. BAL'TEUM,^n. [L.] The belt by BAL'TEIS, > which the sword or quiver was suspended. BAM, n. A cheat; an imposition. [Cant term.] BAilBOO', r. f. To punish or strike with a bamboo ; to bastinado. BAMBOO'-R AT,n. A species of rodent animal of the genus Rhizomj^s is so called. BAMBUSID'E.E, n. The bamboo, a group of grasses of great economical importance, of which upwards of thirty species have been enumerated. Of these the genus Bambusa, or Bambos, is the type. Some of the most import- ant ai*e the B. arundinacea. [See Bamboo.] B. spinosa, common about Calcutta; B. tulda, used for scatVold- ing, and covering the houses of the natives of India ; B. Balcooa, xised in India for building purposes ; B. picta, used for light walking-sticks ; B. taha- caria, the joints of which are used for pipe-sticks; andJ[)c;trfn)C«/rt/M«A"s/rit'^K*, used in India for the shafts of lances. BA'MIA, n. A species of silunis, fished in the Red Sea. It is much used iu a dried state as food for native sailors. It is formed of two inflated seal-skins, connected by a transom, on which the passengers or goods are placed. BALSAM, n. [add.] The opinion that balsams necessarily contain or furnish benzoic acid is not now generally sus- tained. The substances known as bal- sams properly consist of resin and es- sential oil. — Balsam of Mecca, the same as the balm of Gilead. [See Balm.] 42 BAN, n. [add.] This word is now rarely used by authors, either as a substantive or verb ; but it occurs in a secondary sense, in common language, to denote cursing, denouncing woe and mischief against one who has offended. When it denotes notice of marriage, or a matrimonial contract, it is used in the plural. [See Bans, Baxxs.] BANa'NA-BIRD, n. The name given in Jamaica to the Icterus leucopteryx, a BANG BANKERS* CASH-NOTES BAPTISM pretty bird which frequents the fruit- trees arounJ the houses. It is very Banunii WriJ, Icterus leucopu-rj/x. fond of the ripe fruit of tlie banana and sour-sop. BANCKE,t n. A bank; a scat of Iion- our. [SpeiLScr.] BAN'€0. See Bank. B AND, f pret. or pp. of Sati. Did curse; cursed. lSj}e7iser.] BANI),t V. t. To disband; to interdict. [Spenser] BAND,! n. A bond; an obligatory writing. BAND. n. A bond. [Scotch.] BAN'DACE, 17. t To l)ind up or dress, as a wound, a fractured limb, &.C., with a roller or bandage. BAN'DAGED, P2). Bound up with a bandage. BANDAN'A, n. [add.] This term was originally applied to a peculiar kind of silk handkerchief manufactured by the Hindoos ; but it is now commonly given to silk and cotton handkerchiefs manufactured in tliis country, which have a uniformly <^ed ground, usually of bright red or blue, ornamented with circular, lozenge - shaped, or other simple figures, of a perfectly white or yellow colour. The term is also applied to a style of calico-print- ing, in imitation of bandana handker- chiefs. BAN'DEAU, n. plur. Bandeaux, [Fr.] A fillet or head-band. BAN'DELET, n. [Vv. handelette.] Any little band, flat moulding, or fillet; an amulet. BAND'-FISn,n. A genus of acanthop- terygious fishes (Cepola), very thin and flat in proportion to their length. C. Mediierranea is a native of the Medi- terranean, and varies in length from eighteen inches to three feet. C ru- bescens, or red band-flsJi, is found on our coasts, and varies from ten to fif- teen inches in length. BANDILEEKS. See Bandoleers. BAND'liN'G-PLANE, n. A plane used for cutting out grooves, and inlaying strings and bands in straight and cir- cular work. It bears a general resem- i)lance to the plane called a. plough. BAND LET, n. A small band for en- circling anything; as, an indian-rubber bandlet. BAN'-DOG, n. [add.] A large, fierce kind of dog; usually kept chained. Hence the name bando'j, a corruption of hand-dori. BAN'DUOL, or BANNEROL. BAND'Y, n. [add. J The nameof a play, in which a ball is struck with a club bent at the end. BANE, n. [add.] A disease in sheep, more commonly called tiie rot. BANE, 71. Bone. [Scotch.] BANG, n. A spring; abound. [Scotch.] BANG, \ n. An intoxicating drug, BANGUE, 3 prepared in India from the hemp plant, to which opium is sometimes added. BAN'GHY, n. In the East Indies, a. sort of bamboo pole, which is carried on a person's shoulder, with a basket sus- pended at each end, containing, gene- rally, the baggage of a palankeen tra- veller. The bearer of the banghy is called banghy- icallah. BANG'ING,rt. Huge; great; surpassing in size. [Vtdgar.] BAN'GLE-EAR, h. An imperfectly formed ear of a horse. BANGLE EARED, a. Flap-eared, like a spaniel. BANG'STER, n. A violent fellow who carries everything before him. [Scotch.] BANGUE, n. See Bang. BANIAN', n. Banian-days^ in seamen^s Ian., are days in wliich the sailors have no flesh -meat served out to them. Formerly two days (not three, as stated in Diet.), viz., Tuesday and Friday, were so called, but lately only Friday, on which salt-fish, plum-pudding, &c., were issued. (To be substituted for explanation in Diet.) BANISTE'RIA, instead of BANIST'- ERIA. BANK, n. [add.] In barbarous Latin this word is bancus, and signifies liter- ally a bench 'or hit,'h seat; but, aa a legal term, it denotes a seat of judgment, or tribunal for the administration of justice. The ancient Britons were accustomed to construct mounds or benches of turf for the accommodation of their superior judges. Hence t!ie king's judges, or those immediately ap- pointed by the crown, to administer justice in the superior courts of common law, were in process of time called jus- tices of thebench. or justiciar 11 de banco, and the judges of the court of com- mon pleas retain the technical title of justices of the bench at Westminster to this day. The phrase of sitting in banco, or in bank, merely denotes the sessions dui'ing the law-terms, when the judges of each court sit together upon their several benches. On the revival of commerce, about the middle of the 12th century, and when the cities of Italy engrossed nearly all the tracle of Europe, a necessity arose for the employment of bankers, or dealers in money transactions. At first tliey car- ried on their business in the public mar- ket-places or exchanges, where their dealings were conducted on benches [It. banco; low Lat. bancus\ whence the ori- gin of the word bank as applicable to an establishment for the custody and issue of money. — The word bank is used, in carpentry, to signify a piece of fir- wood unslit, of about six inches square, and of any length. — It is also the name of a kind of table used by printers. — Days in bank. [See under Dav.] BANK, V. t. [add.] To make a heap, or bank in ; as, shoals of fish that bank the mid sea. [Milton.] BANK' A, 71. A passage-boat without outrigger, used on the river and roads at Manilla. It is formed of a single piece of wood, is sixteen to twenty- three feet long, and carries three or four passengers. BANK'-BILL, Ji. In this country, a note or a bill of exchange of a bank, payable at some future specified time. Such bills are negotiable, but form, in the strict sense of tlie term, no part of tlie currency. — In America, bank-bill and bank-note are synonymous. BANK'ERS' GASH-NOTES, n. Writ- 43 ten promises given by bankers to their customers as acknowledgments of hav- ing received money for their use. They are payable to the bearer on demand, and considered as money, and transfer- able from one person to another by delivery; but they are now seldom made, their use having been superseded by the introduction of checks. BAN'KERS' CHECKS or DRAFTS, H. AVritten orders or ree Barbel.] BARBES,t n. plur. [See Barb.] Bits or bridles. [5i>c;w«'.] BaR'BET, n. [add.] Thebarbets consti- tute a family of scansorial or climbing birds, and are distinguished by their large conical beak, which appears swol- len, or, as it were, puffed out at the sides of its base, and by being bearded with five tufts of stiff bristles directed forwards; whence the name. They African Darbet, PoffoniaxhirnUiu. are divided into tliree subgenera ; viz., Pogonias. tlie species of which inhabit Africa and the Indies; Bucco, or true barbets, found in Africa and America ; and Tamatia, or puff-birds, inhabitants of America. BAR'BI€ANS,n.Aspecies of birds with 41 scansorial feet, belonging to the genus Pogonias. They are natives of Africa and India, and live chiefly on fruit. Barriers, n. [An Indian temi.] A chronic affection prevalent in India. BaRBULE, n. [L. barbula.] A small barb, or a little beard. BaR'BUS, n. A genus of fresh-water fishes, of the family Cyprinidte, so called from the beards or filaments about the mouth. It contains the barbel, — ichich see. Bar DIN, n. [Fr. barde'.] In militart/ antiquities, a complete set of armorial trapping for a horse. The plural is written bardi/nges. BARE, a. [add.] Under bare poles. [See Bare Poles.] BARE, 71. The part of an imajre or sta- tue which -epresents bare flesh. BARE,t a. [add.] Raw; as, bare flesh. [Spenser.] BAREFOOT, a. [add.] TraveUed or passed over without shoes ; as, a bare- foot wav. [Shah.] BARE'-HANDED, a. Having the hands bare. BARE'-POLES, n. [add.] [5ee SccT>.] BARE'-WOBN, a, Wornbai-e; naked of turf. BAR-FEE, n. In laic, a fee of twenty pence, which every prisoner acquitted (at the bar) of felony pays to the jailer. BARGAIN, «. [add.] Into the bargain, moreover; besides; as, she lost a thou- sand pounds, and her bridegroom into the baroain. [Addison.] Bar GAIN, i\ i. [add.] To agree. B.VR'GAIN, V. i. To dispute; lo con- tend; to fight. [Scotch.] BARGAINING, n. The act or art of making bargains. Bar GAINOK, n. One who sells to, or contracts with another, called the bar- qainee. BAR'GARET',t «■ [Fr. bergerette.] A sort of song. [Chaucer.] . BAR'-GO WN, n. The gown or dress of a law>'er. BA'RIA, n. Barvta, — which see. BARID'IUS, for BAR IDIUS. Bar -IRON, n. Iron ^vrought into mal- leable bars. BARIT'ONO, n. [It.] See Barytone. DARK, H. [add.] Several kinds of bark are used for processes in tlie arts, or for medicine ; as, oak-bark, cork-bark, quercitron-bark, Peruvian -bai'k, cinna- mon-bai'k, &c. Bark, r. t. [add.] To inclose as the bark does a tree ; as, a tetter barked about all my smooth body. [Shah.] BARK. V. t. To tan leather. [Scotch.] B.\R'-kEEPER, n. One who attends to the bar of an inn. Barken, n. The yard of a house. [Local.] BaKK'EN, r. t. To incrust. [Scotch.] BaHK'ERS, n. In London, and other large towns, a name given to persons stationed at the door, where auctions of inferior goods are held, to invite stran- gers to enter. BaKR ERS -AIILL, «. [add.] This ma- cliine, as modified by Mr. James White- law, is extensively employed under the name of the Scotch turbine. BaRK'ERY, n. A tan-house, or place where bark is kept. BaRK'HAUSIA. Same as Bohkhau- siA. — which see. BARK ING-BIRD, n.The Pteropfochos rnbecula, a tennirostral bird common in Chiloe and Chonos, islands in the South American Archipelago. It has received its English name from its BAllOMETZ BARREN-SPIRITED BASE-IIUMILITIE cry, which resembles the barking of a dog. BARK'IT, pp. or a. Tanned. [Scotch.] BARIv'LESS, n. Destitute of bark. BaRK'-LOUSE, n. A minute insect that infests trees. BABK'-PIT, n. A tan-pit, or pit for tanning or steeping leather. BARK-STOVE, 71. Sfe Bark-Bed. BARXA-FUMMIL. An exclamation for a truce by one wlio has fallen down in wrestling or play. [Scotch.] BaR'LEY. [From Parley.] A cry among boys at their violent games for a truce. [Scotch.] BXR'LEY-BIRD, «. A name of the siskin. Tiie wryneck {Tunx tor- quilla) is also sometimes so called. Barney -€AIvE, n. Cake made of barley. BaR'LEY-FEVER, n. Illness caused by intemperance. [North of Eng.] It corresponds to barley -sickness in Scot- land. BaR'LEY-MEAL, n. Meal made from barley. BaR'-iMAID, n. A maid or woman who tends the bar of an inn. BARME,t «. [Sax.] Tiie bosom; the lap. — Banne-clothf an apron. [Chau- cer.] BAR'MOTE, orBARGH'iMOTE, n. A court, not of record, within the Hun- dred of the Peak, in Derbyshire, for the regulation of groves, possessions, and trade of the miners, and lead. BARN'ABEE, h. An insect; the lady- bird. BAR'NaBITE, a. Of or belonging to the order of St. Barnabas; as, a Bar- nabite monk; a Barnabite friar. BaRN-DOOR fowls, «. A name given to the common domestic fowls. BARNE,t 71. A child. [Shak.] BaRN'FULL, 71. As much as a barn will hold. BaRN'-OWL, n. The common owl (Strix jiammea) is generally so called from beini? found in barns, where it pi'oves very useful, by destroying mice and other vermin. BaRNS'-BREAKING, n. An idle frolic. [Scotch.] BaRN'-YARD, n. A yard adjacent to a barn. BARN-YARD FOWL, n. The common hen. BAROCO, n. In loiiic^ a barbarous term employed to indicate a species of syllogism, of whicli the first proposi- tion is a universal affirmative, and the other two are particular negatives. BAROL'0(iY, H. [Gr. ^xgo?, weight, iind Aayw, discourse.] The science of weight, or of the gravity of bodies. BAROMA€KOM'ETER,«. [Gr. ^^jef. weight, jwaxoof, long, and fMiT^ov, mea- sure.] An instrument invented by Professor Stein for determining the weight and the length of new-born infants. BAROME'TOGRAPHY, k. The sci- ence of the barometer ; also, the art of making barometric observations. BAKOMET RI€, a. Same as Baro- METRICAI.. BAROMET'ROGRAPH, 71. [Gr.^«gof. weight, fi'.T^ov, measure, and y^xee Barium. BASAL'TES, n. The old name of Bis BLEU, n. (b.iblew.) [Fr.] A lite- rary lady; a blue-stocking. BASE, n. [add.] In war, a tract of country protected by fortifications, from which the operations of an army pro- ceed. — In chem., a base is sometimes defined, the electro-positive ingredient of a compound, or the electro-positive ingredient of a salt.— In the arts, the term base is sjTionymous with morilant, and is applied" in dyeing to a substance that has an affinity for both the cloth and the culom-ing matter. — In coiirhol., the term ba.w is generally used in op- position to the aper, or pointed extre- mity of univalve shells ; in bivalves, which adliere to other substances by one of their valves, that which adheres is termed the basal valve. — [In sig. 1.3, for Thorough 6rt5S,read Thorough base.^ BASE, I', t. [add.] In a figurative sense, to found ; to lay the foundation of ; as, to base an argument upon facts. BASE' €OURT, n. [add.] In law, an inferior court, not of record, as a court- baron, court-leet, &c. BASE' FEE. In law, to hold in base fee is to hold in fee jit the will of the lord ; opposed to socn/s. geog., a cir- cular or ovaJ valley or depression of the earth's surface, the lower part of which is generally occupied by a lake, or tra- versed by a river; also the entire tract of country drained by a river. It is also applied to any collection of water, as seas, lakes, and rivers, and compre- hends all the countries which are drained by the waters which run into such sea, lake, or river. B.\ SIXED, a. Inclosed in a basin. B A ' S I N - S H A ? E D, instead of BASIN-SHAPED. BASIS'OLUTE, a. [L. basis, and soht- ius, free.] A term applied to leaves pro- longed at the base, below the point of origin. BASQUE, a. (bask.) Relating to Biscay, or the language of the natives of Biscav. B.\S-KELIEF', n. 5ee Bass-Relief. BaSS, n. [add.] A door-mat for wiping dirty shoes on ; so named because at first made chiefly of the bark of the bass or lime-tree. BASSE,t n. (bass'.) A kiss; a buss. [Cliaucer.] Basse, «. The sea-perch (Labrax lupus) is so called. [See Bass.] BAS'SET, a. Inclined upwards; as, the basset edge of strata. BASSETTE',71. [Fr.] A game at cards. [See Basset.] BaSS'-HORN, n. Amusical instrument which is a modification of the bassoon, but much lower and deeper in its tones, j It is now generally substituted in field- ! music for the serpent. ' BAS'SIA, n. A genus of tropical plants found in the East Indies and Africa, and belonging to the nat. order Sapotacea?. One species, S. Parkii, is the shea-tree of Park, the fruit of which yields a kind of butter. i B.A.S'SINET, n. A wicker-basket with ' a covering or hood over one end, in which young children are placed as in , a cradle. I BAS'SO, n. In music, the Italian word for bass, or base. B.iS SOCK, instead of BASSOC. BAS'SO-DI-CAM'EUA, h. A double- bass or con tra-basso, reduced in size and power, but not in compass, and thus adapted to small or private rooms. It has four strings, of the same quality as those of the violoncello, but all propor- tionably thicker. They are tuned in fifths to the same literal notes as the violin, but two octaves lower. In quality of tone and in compass it is superior to the double-bass in chamber- music. BASSOO'LAH,«. A small adze used in India ; its blade, in place of being cir- cular, like that of the common adze, is plane set at an angle of -±-5 or 50 degrees to the handle, which is very short. BASS-RELIEF, instead of BASS- RELIEF. BASS' VOICE, ) n.Inmi/^V,thelowest BASE' VOICE, ] male voice, the usual compass of which is from G or F below the base-statf, to D or E above it. BaS'TARD-.VL'KANET, «. A plant, the Lithospermum arvense (Linn.) B.\S TARD-BALM,n. A plant, the Me- liitis melissophyllum. [See Melittis.] 4G BaS'TARD CABBAGE-TREE, n. The Geoffrova inermis of botanists. BaS'TARD-CEDAR, n. A name given to various trees which are known in our colonies by the name of cedar, but are quite distinct from it. Among these may be mentioned the various species of Cedrela, and the genus Bub- roma. BaS'TARO-DITTANY, n. A plant; white horehound. Bastard hare's-ear, n. a shmb from the Canary isles, remarkable for the beauty of its leaves; it is called Pht/llis nobla. BXS'TARD-INDIGO, n. A North American shrub, from which indigo ■*7as formerly obtained; it is the Amor- pha fructicosa of botanists. B.\S'TARDLT,t a. Spurious. BAS TARD-MANCHINEEL, 71. A name given to the various species of Cameraria, a genus belonging to the Apocvnaceie. BAS TARD STONE-PARSLEY,n. A plant, the Sison amomum.[S€e Sisox.] BAS'TARD TOAD-FLAX, n. A plant, the Thesium linophyllum. [5eeLlSABlA, and Toad-Flas.] BASTnrENT.f ) n- [Fr. hasHmenWl BASTIMEN'TO,tJ A rampart. BAS'TIONED, a. Provided with bas- tions. BAS'TON, n. [add.] A truncheon or small club, used in the tournament in- stead of the mace in the regular fight. B.\S'YLE, K. [Or. (So*^!.-. a base, and v>.n, nature or principle.] In chem., a term recently employed to denote the metal- lic radical of a salt, or any electro-posi- tive ingredient of a compound. BAT, n. [add.] The negroes in Jamaica call the true bats, rat-bats, to dis- tinguish them from butterflies, which thev call bats. BATARD-EAU'. [add.] [Tr. hattre, to repel, and eau, water.") B ATE,j pret. of Bite. Did bite. [Spen- ser.'] BATE, r. t [add.] To dull or blunt ; as. to bate the sc>'the*s keen edge. [Shah.] 3aTH, n. [add.] Immersion in a bath ; as, to take a bath — Partial bath, a bath applied to some particular part of the body, as the head, foot, kc. — In chem., a bath is an apparatus for modifying and regulating the heat in various che- mical processes, by interposing a quan- tity of sand, water, or other substance, between the fire and the vessel intended to be heated. When a liquid bath of a highertemperaturethan^l^" is required, saturated solutions are employed, in which the boiling point is higher than that of water. — Metal bath, a chemical bath for higher temperatures than can be produced by liquid baths. iMercury, fusible metal, tin, or lead, are employed for this purj^ose. — Knights of the Bath, an order of knighthood sup- posed to have been instituted at the coronation of Henry IV. in 1399. It re- ceived this name from the circumstance of the candidates for the honour being put into a bath the preceding evening, to denote a purification or absolution from their former misdeeds, and that they were now to commence a new life. The present order of the Bath, how- ever, was instituted by George I. in 1725. It was a military order, and consisted, exclusive of the sovereign, of a grand-master, and thirtj-six com- panions. In 1815, the order was greatly extended, and it is now com- posed of three classes, viz., military and BATON BAUDEKTN BAYONET-CLUTCH c'i\n\ knights grand-crosses, knights- coinmanders, and knights-corapantons. Bidf^ and Collar of the Ditti. The badge is a golden cross of eight points, with a lion of England between the four principal angles, and having on the sides a rose, thistle, and sham- rock ; motto, Tria juncta in vno. A silver star is also worn by tlie first two classes. BATH'^BRICK, n. A preparation of calcareous eartli in the form of a brick, used for cleaning knives. BATilE, 71. Act of bathing; the immer- sion of the body in water ; as, to take one's usual bathe. BATHETIC, a. Relating to bathos; sinking. [Har. vs.^ BATHING, H. [add.] The temporary surrounding of the body, or a part of it, with a medium different or of a dif- ferent temperature from tliat in which it is usually placed, as water, watery vapour, or air of a temperature differ- ent from that of the common atmo- sphere. Bathing is usually employed for the prevention or cure of disease, or for the pleasure derived from the operation. BATHING-ROOM, n. A bath-room. BATH'- METAL, n. An alloy of metal, composed of 4^ ounces of zinc, and 1 ounce of brass. BATH'-OOLITE. See Bath-Stone. BAT'-HOIISE, ) n. A horse allowed BAW'-HORSE,y to a batman in the British army, for conveying the utensils in liis charge. [See Batman.] B A'THOS, n. [add ] A ludicrous descent from the elevated to the mean, in writing or speech. BATID'EiE, n. A nat. order instituted by Martins for the Batis fruticosa. It belongs to the unisexual monochlamy- deous dicotyledonous plants. Its fruit and seeds are unknown, and conse- quently its affinities very doubtful. BATIFO'LIUM, n. A movable wooden tower used by besiegers in attacking a fortress. B A'TIS, n. A small genus of plants, con- sisting of a single species, forming the nat. order Batidene of Martius. It is remarkable for the quantity of barilla which it contains. BAT'-MONEY, \ n. Money paid to a BAW-MONEY,; batman. BAT'-NET, n. A net to put over the nests of bats. BAT'OLITE, n. [Fr. baton, a staff, and Gr. XiOoi, a stone.] A genus of straight, cylindrical, bivalve fossil shells, allied to the hippurites. Some are of great length, and form masses of rock in the high alps. BAT'ON, ) n. [add.] The badge or BATOON',1 truncheon of inferior officers of justice, as the baton of a con- stable.— In mu6lc, a term denoting a rest of four semibreves. — In her., tlie baton is used to denote illegitimate descent BATONNIER', n. [Er.] In France, an elected president of an order or fra- ternity. BAT'RACHITE, n. [add.] A fossil batrachian or frog; also, a mineral found in a mountain in Southern Tyrol, considered to be a silicate of mag- nesia. BATRACHOSPER'MUM, w. [Gr. ^»T^»X»i, a frog, and ctej^*, a seed.] A genus of fresh-water algie. The species have more or less the appearance of a necklace. BAT'-SHELL, n. A species of Voluta, of a dusky brown colour. BAT'TEL, V. I. [add.] To reside at the university; to keep terms. BATTEL,! f-'- To render fertUe ; to batten. BATTEL, n. [add.] Provisions taken by Oxford students from the buttery; and also the charges thereon. — At Eton college, a small allowance of food, which, in addition to the college allow- ance, the collegers receive from their dames, BAT'TELLER,) n. [add.] A student BATTLER, § at Oxford, who stands indebted, in the college books, for provisions and drink at the buttery. Hence, one who keeps terms, or resides at the university. BAT'TEN, ?i. t. [add.] To fasten with battens. — To batten down, to fasten down with battens, as the hatches of a ship during a storm. B AT'TENED, pp. [add.] Fastened with battens. BATTENING, n. [add.] The operation of fixing battens to walls for naibng up laths. BAT'TER-RULE, n. A plumb-line so contrived, that while the plummet hangs vertically, the wall to which it is applied may be sloping or battered. This is effected by forming the edge of the instrument so as to incline towards the vertical line of the plummet, in proportion to the slope of the wall. BAT'TERY, n. [add.] Troi/rih batten/. [See Galvanic battery under Gal- van in.] BxVT'TIL,t V. i. To battel, or batten ; to grow fat. [Spenser.l BAT'TLE, 71. [add.] A drawn battle is one in which neither party gains the victory. — A battle-royal, a battle with fists or cudgels, in which more than two are engaged ; a melee. The term is also applied to a fight of gamecocks, in which more than two are engaged. [Provincial.^ BAT'TLE, v.t. [add.] To encounter; to engage in battle. BAT'TLINGS,t n. An allowance of money. BAT'TON,t7i. A baton or club. [5^)^/1- ser.'\ BATTS, n. Botts. [Scotch.'] BATTU'TA, w. [add.] In music, the motion of beating with the hand or foot, in directing the time. BATZ, or BATZE, n. BAU'BLE, n. A trifling piece of finery; a gewgaw ; that which is gay and showy, without any real value. [See Bawiile.] BAUDE,t a. (baud.) [Fr.] Joyous; riotously joyous. [Chaucer.] BAU'DEKIN, 77. [Said to be ivomBaU deh OT Babylon.] A sumptuous species of cloth for garments, used by the nobility of the middle ages, and com- ■17 posed of silk interwoven with tlireads of gold. BAUDELAIRE',t n. [Fr.] A small knife carried about the person, or in the girdle. BAUD'ERIE.f ) n. Bawdry, [aiau- BAUD'RIE,t ) cer.] BAUD'RICKE,t \ ??. A baldric. BAULD'RICKE,t/ [Spottier.] BAU'DRONS, n. Fuss; a cat. [Scotch.] BAUD'Y,t a. Bawdy. [Chaucer.] BAUHIN'IA, instead of BAU€III'- NIA. BAUKS, 7h Balks; uncultivated places between ridges of land. [Scotch.] BAULD, a. Bald; also bold. [Scotch.] BAU'LEA, n. A round-bottomed boat used on the shallower parts of the Ganges, fur transporting passengers. It is not deep, though sometimes it is provided with a mast; but the wind must be very light before it dare unfurl its sail. Bauleas are chiefly propelled with oars, and are much used by Europeans and rich natives. BAU'LITE, n. A white transparent mineral, in very thin splinters, found in the matter ejected by Krabla in Iceland. It is a silicate of alumina, and melts before the blowpipe into a clear glass. BAVARETTE',t n. A bib to put be- fore the bosom of a child. BAVIN, n. [add.] Bavins for jiresliips, fagots of easily-kindled brushwood, 2 or 3 ft. long. The bush ends are all laid one way, dipped in melted composition, and afterwards confined by the hand, to keep them from breaking off, and to make them burn more fiercely. BAWBEE, 77. See Baubee. BAWL, 77. A vehement clamoiu*; an outcry. BA"\VNES,t n. ptnr. [See Bawn.] Eminences. [Spenser.] BAW'SON - FACED, )«. Having a BAW'SINT- FACED,! white spot on the forehead or face, as a horse, cow, &c. [Scotch.] BAX'TER, n. A baker. [Scotch.] BAY, 77. [add.] A stand made by one pursued or attacked, during which the enemy holds oft'. — To keep or to stand at bay, is to face the enemy; to ward off an attack ; to keep an enemy from closing in. Also the noise, or repeated barking of a dog when the game turns round upon him ; and when a stag turns round upon the dogs, he is said to keep thom at buy, or barking, be- cause they dare not close in and attack him. BAYADEER', n. In the East Indies, a regularly bred dancing-girl; a prosti- tute. BAY'-BERRY TALLOW, 77. A waxy substance obtained from the bay-berry or wax-myrtle {Myrica cerifera), called also mvrtle-ira.r. BAYEUX' TAPESTRY, 77. A singular monument of the middle ages, which consists of a web or roll of linen cloth or canvas, upon which a continuous representation of the events connected with tlie conquest of England by the Normans is worked in woollen thread of different colours, in the manner of a sampler. It is 214 feet in length, and 20 inches in width, and divided into 72 compartments. It is traditionally said to be the work of Matilda, queen to William the Conqueror, and presented by her to the cathedral of Bayeux. BAY'ING, n. The barking of a dog, BAY'ONET-CLUTCH, n. [add.] In machinery, a form of clutch armed BEAD BEAMS BEARDING-LINE usually with two prongs a, a, which, in gear, act on the ends or "lugs" of a friction-strap 6, fitted on a side-boss of the wheel to be driven, and which is loose on the same shaft. The clutch is attached to the shaft by a feather- key, and when drawn back, or out of gear with the strap, the wheel remains at rest, and the clutch continues to re- volve with the shaft. M^hen it is re- quired to set the machinery again in motion, the clutch is throwu forward by the fork c, and its prongs, engag- ing with the strap, gradually put the wlieel in motion. BAY'-RUM, n. A spirit obtained by dis- tilling the leaves of the bay-tree. BAYS, n. See Baize. BAYT,t V. t To rest. [Spenser.] BAY'-TREE, n. The laurel-tree (Zaa- rus 7iobilis). BDELXIUM, n. [add] The Indian bdellimn, according to Royle, is the produce of a species of Amyris, the A. commiiihoray Roxburgh. The African bdellium is a product of the Hendelotia Africana, a plant belonging to tlie ca- shew tribe. The Sicilian bdellium is produced by the Daucus HUpanicus ; and the Egyptian bdellium is supposed to be produced by the Borassus fi'pogon, nat. order Gramineie. BEARD'ING-LINE, n. In ship-build- ing, a curved line formed by reducing the BEAT BECAUSE BEECH-NUT surface of the dead-wood to the shape of the vessel's body. [See Beakding.] BE ARD'-MOSS, n. A species of lichen, which grows on the fir, ash, oak, and birch. BEARD'Y, «. The local name of the whitethroat {Sylvia cinerea), one of our most lively and loquacious little birds. — Also the local name of the loche (Cobitis barbatula), A small fresh- water fish, so called from the threads about its mouth. BEARE,t n. A bier. [Spenser.] BEAR'ERS,t n. In law, persons who oppress otliers; usually called main- tainers. BEARING, n. [add.] In geography and navigation, the direction or point of the compass in which an object is seen, or the situation of one object in regard to another, with reference to the points of the compass. Thus, if from a situation, a, an object, b, is seen in the direction of nortli-east, the bearing of tlie object is said to be N.E. from a. — To take bearings, is to ascertain on what point of the compass objects lie, The term is also applied to the situa- tion or direction of any object esti- mated with reference to some part of a ship ; as, on the beam, before the beam, abaft the beam, &c. The bearings of a vessel are the widest part of her below the plank-sheer. BEAR'ING-CLOTH, n. Theclothvrith which a child is covered when carried to church to be baptized. BEAR'S'-GREASE,n. The fat of bears, extensively used to promote the growth of hair. BEAR'-SKIN, n. The skin of a bear.— 2. A coarse shaggy woollen cloth for over-coats. BEAR'S WHORTLEBERRY, n. A British plant, the Arctosiaphylos uva ursi, or Arbutus uva ursi, Linn. Its leaves possess manifest astringent, and under certain circumstances, diuretic properties. Tliey have been used in medicine in cases of tendency to cal- culous diseases. BEAR'-WARD, n. A keeper of bears. BEAST'EE, n. In the East Indies, a native water-carrier. BEAST'LIHEAD,-!- n. A greeting to a beast, addressed as a person. [Spenser. 1 Beat, n. [add.] A round or coui'se which is freTnenopterous iusects, such as wasps, &c. Lepidopterous in- sects of the genus Sesia are also often called bee-hawks, cr bee-hawk moths BEE'-HOUSE, n. .\ house or repositorj- for bees. BEE-LINE. In America, to take a hee- line is to take the most direct oi straight way from one point to another, as bees do in returning loaded with honey to their hives. BEE'-MOTH, 71. A moth, from whose eggs are produced caterpillars which infest bee-hires. It is the Galkria cereana of naturalists, BEEN.t 1. phir. Bees. [Chaucer.^ BEE-OK€HIS, n. A British plant of the genus Ophrys, the 0. apifera. [See Ophrts.] BEER'-SHOP, n. A shop m which beer is sold. BEES"-W.A.X, n. The wax collected by bees, and of which their cells are con- structed. [See VfAX.] BEETLE, 7?. [add.] In entom., this term is more properly used to designate those insects which are covered by a strong horny substance, the abdominal part of the body being protected by two sheaths, under which the ^\'ing3 are folded. Hence, the term is synonymous with coleoptera. The " black beetles " of kitciiens and cellars are cockroaches {Blatia germanica\, and belong to the order Orthoptera. BEEVOK, H. In annour. [See Beater.] BEFLAT TER, v. t. To flatter; to cajole. BEFLOWER, r. t. To besprinkle, or scatter over with eruptions or pustules. [Hobbes.] BEFLUM'XIED, pp. or a. Palavered ; flattered. [Sir W. ScoH.] BEFOG', V. t. To involve in fog. BEFoREN',+ ladv. or prep. Before. BEFOR>'E',t f [Chattcer.] BEFRIEXDMEXT.n.Actof befriend- ing. BEFUR', V. i. To cover or supply with fur. BE'GA, n. A Bengal land-measure, about one-thii-d of an English acre. BEG'GAR-BR.-VT, n. A child that begs. BEG'GAR'S-LICE, n. The name of a noxious American weed, the Eckino- spermum virginicttm. It has a bur-like fruit, or nut, with hooked prickles, which fasten on tliose who pass by. BEGH.ARDS',) n. [add.] A German BEGUARDS'.j word, signifj-ing one who begs with importunity. In this sense it was frequently applied to the Franciscan and other mendicant orders, denoting the practice by which they gained their subsistence. The term was also applied to a class of persons distinguished for the fervour and fre- quency of their prayers. BEGINNE', for Begiskisg. [Speiiser.] BEGOX',t pp. Gone. [Chaucer.] BEGO'NIA, n. A genus of plants. [See BEG0N1ACE.E ] BEGONNE,t pp. [Cliaucer.] (begon'.) Begun. BEGRUT TEN, pp. or a. Exhausted with weeping. [Scotch.] BEGUIN', n. [Fr.] [add.] The .Be!7"iis were properly certain tertiaries, or half- monks, who followed the third rule of St. Francis, in the 13th century. They were the Beghards of Germany. [See Beghards.] BEGUINES', n. [Fr.] .4.n order of fe- males who sprung up in Germany and Belgium in the 1.3th century. Without taking the monastic vows, they formed themselves into societies, for the pur- poses of devotion and charity, and lived in houses called beguiiiages. Com- munities of Beguines still subsist in Holland, Belgium, and Germany. BEGUM', V. t. To daub or cover with gum. BEGUNK', ) , 4 • , ro . I T BEGOKE'i r- "^ "^ • 1^'^°''''^ BEHAVE',t I', t. [add.] To possess, use, or occupv. [Spenser.] BEHEMOTH, n. [add.] Some authors consider the behemoth as a kind of type, or representation of the largest land animals, under the generic name of behemoth, which is a plural, denoting literally, beasts. BE'HEN.j n. [add.] The white behen BEN, \ of the shops is the root of BEK'EN, ) the Centaurea behen, a na- tive of the Levant; the red behen is the root of the Statice limonium, or sea-lavender. BEHESTE,t n. (behest'.) Promise. [Chaucer.] BEHETE.t I', t. (behet.) [Sax.] To promise. [Chaucer.] BEHE\VE',tpp.(behew'.)[J!candAKe.] Coloured. [Chaucer.] BEHIGHT'EN,+ \pp. [See Bebight.] BEHIGHTE'.t ) Promised. [Chau- cer.] BEHOLD ING, n. Act of seeing.— 2.t Obligation. BEHOOVE'.t n. Advantage ; behoof. mSEl' }"■ Shelter. [Scotch.] BEIN, a. 'Wealthy; well to do; com- fortable ; well provided. [5t'otcA.] BE'ING-PLACE.t n. A place to exist in : a state of existence. BEIS'FINGS, n. The name among farmers for the first milk of the cow after the birth of a calf. [See Biest- LNGS.] BE IT SO. A phrase of anticipation — sJtppose it to be so ; or, of permission — let it be so. [Shah.] BEJAUN'DICE, v. t. To infect with the jaundice. BEL-.l€€OYLE', n. [Fr. W, and ac- cueii.] Kind salutation and reception. BELAYD'.t pp. [&e Belay.] Laid over or decorated. [Spenser.] BELCH, r. i. To eject wind from the stomach ; to issue out with eructa- tion. BELEC'TION MOULDINGS, n. See Balection Mouldi.vgs. BELEC'TURE, f. /. To vex with lec- tures ; to lecture. BELEMNIT'ID.E. n. The family of cepha!opodous mollusca which contains the belemnites, of which at least ICK) species are known in a fossil state. BEL ESPRIT, n. (beV espree.) Pbir. Beaux esprits. A wit ; a fine genius. Also, a pretender to wit. BEL'FRY, n. [add.] In ships, the orna- mental frame usually fixed on the top of the pawl-bit, in which the ship's bell is hung. BELGARDES.t See Bellg.irds in this Supp. fiO BELIEVE', V. t. [add.] To think to be true ; to suppose. BELIKE', adv. Perhaps. [ScofcA.] BELm;', \adv. Bvandby; speedily. BELTVE', f [Scotch.] BELL, n. [add.] To curse by bell, book, and candle, in the Rom. church, was to read a form of execration against an excommimicated person, with the ring- ing of bells and candles lighted, to in- spire the greater dread. — Bell-roof, in arch., a roof, the vertical section of which, perpendicular to the wall or its springing line, is a curve of contrary flexure, being con- cave at bottom and convex at top. BELL, V. t. To bell the cat, to encounter and cripple an adversary of a greatly superior power. The phrase is derived from the fable of the mice resolving to put a bell on the cat, to guard them against its attack. BELLA'TRIX, n. [L.] A ruddy glitter- ing star of the second magnitude, in the left shoulder of Orion ; so named from its imaginary influence in exciting war. BELL'-BIRD, n. A species of chatterer (Procnias carunculata), distinguished by a long soft caruncle at the base of its beak. It is a native of South Ame- rica, and its loud sonorous voice exactly resembles the tolling of a bell, being all the more striking, that it is, perhaps, the only bird which is not silent during the heat of the day. BELL -CRANK, 7i. In mech., a rectan- gular lever by which the direction of motion is changed through an angle of ninety degrees, and by which its velo- city-ratio and range may be altered at pleastu-e, by making the arms of differ- ent lengths. It is so named from its being the form of crank employed in chang- ing the direction of the bell-wires of house-bells. F is the fixed centre of motion, about which the arms oscillate. BELLE,t a. (bel.) [Fr.] Fair. [Chau- cer.] BELLE,t i: >. [Sax.] To roar; to bel- low. [Chaucer.] BELL'-FOUND ERT, ) 71. A place BELL'-FOUND'RT, )' where bells are founded or cast. BELLG-A.RDS',t «■ plur. [Tr. belles reaardes.] Beautif.il looks. |5i)e7«er.] BELL'-HANGER, 7i. One who hangs and fixes bells. BELL'-HANGING, 7i. The hanging and fixing of bells. BEL'LICOSE, 1 n. Inclined to war; BEL'LICOUS, I warUke. [Lit. xu.] BEL'LIED, pp. or a. [add/j In hot., ventricose ; swelling out in the middle ; as a monopetalous corol. BELLl6'ER.\TE,t i: t. [L. belligero.] To make war. BELL'-MOCTHED, a. GraduaUy ex- panded at the mouth in the form of a bell ; applied to the intake end of water-mains, usually thus formed. BELXOWER, 71. One who bellows. BEL'LOWS-MaKEK, 71. One who makes bellows. BELLOWS-SOUND, n. In ausculta- tion, an unnatural sound of the heart, resembling the puffing of a small bel- lows. BELL-PULL. 71. .\ bell-rope ; that by which a bell is made to ring. BELL'-ROPE, n. A rope for ringing a BEMBIDIID^ BEN-NDTS BERME bell ; an appendage to the vesture of a Roman Catholic priest. BELL'-SHAPED.o. [add.] In 60?., cam-. panulate; swelling out, without a tube at the base, as a monopetalous corol. BELL THE CAT. See Bell, v. t. BELL'- W A VERING,;.;)r. Wandering. [Scotch.] BEL'LT, n. [add.] Bellv of a sail, the concave or hollow side of a sail, when it is inflated by tlie wind.— Belli/ of a curved timber, the concave side of it, or the inside, the outside being termed the BEL'LY-BAND, n. [add.] In sea Ian., a band of canvas to strengthen a sail ; viz., between the lower reefs and the foot of a topsail or course. The beUy- band, or gripes of a quarter-boat or stern-boat, serve to keep the vessel steady in rolling or pitching. BEL'ONE, n. [add.] A genus of fishes of the family Esocidaj, of wliich one species, the common gar {B. vulgaris), is taken in our seas. The bones of this species become green by boiling. BELORD', o. (. To domineer over. [Bar. as.] BELOVE',+ V. t. To love. BEL'SlRE,t ". An illustrious ancestor. BELT, n. [add.] A band, usually of leather, passing round any piece of machinery, as a wheel or axle.— A long narrow plantation. BELT'EIN, n. See Beltane. BELU'GA, n. [add.] The sea-beluga is the Delphinaptera leucas, or D. albi- cans ; but the Russians apply the term . beluga properly to the white sturgeon (Acipenser puso), which furnishes isin- glass and caviar; caught particularly in the Volga and other rivers of the Caspian. BE'LUS, 1 J!. The chief deity of the BEL, f Babylonians and Assyrians; also called Baal. [See Baal.] BELVEDERE', n. [It.] In Italian arch., a small building constructed at the top of a house or palace, and open to the air, at least on one side, and frequently on aU. It is constructed for the pur- pose of obtaining a view of the country, and forenjoying the cool evening breeze. — In France, the name is given to a summer-house in a park or garden. The word is improperly written belvi- dere. EELVISIA'CE^, n. A small nat. order of plants, having an inferior several- celled fruit, a monopetalous corolla furnislied with a corona, a valvate calyx, many stamens, amygdaloid cotyledons, and alternate leaves. Its affinities are obscure, some things indicating a re- semblance to the Myrtaceae, others to the Passifloracese, and others to the KJiizophoracece. Tliere are only two genera, Asteranthus and Napoleona, which last is sometimes caUed Belvisia. All are from tropical Africa. BEMAT'TER,t »■ <• To smear or cover with matter. BEM'BEX, n. A genus of Iiymenopte- rous insects, peculiar to hot climates, and resembling wasps both in size and colour. They form the typical group of the family Bembicid^ of Leach. BEMBIDI'IDyE, n. A family of minute carnivorous beetles, which generally frequent the margins of rivers, ponds, and ditches. They ai'e usually of a bright blue or green metallic colour, having two or four pale yellow spots on the elytra; the terminal joint of tlie palpi is sharp-pointed, hence the name subulipalpi frequently applied to them. BE'MES,t n. plur. [Sax.] Trumpets. [Chaucer.] BEMOIL'ED,t pp. Bemired. BE'MOL, n. In music, B-flat, a semitone below B-natural. BEMUD'DLE, v. t. To confuse; to stupefy. BEMUSE', V t. To enchant or overcome by the muses. [Poetical.] BEN, n. [be-in.] The inner apartment of a house. [Scotch.] BEN, adv. Towai-ds the inner apartment of a house.— 2'a bring far ben, to treat with great respect and hospitality. — To be far ben with one, to be on terms of intimacy or familiarity with him ; to be in great honour with him. [Scotch.] BENCH'-MABKS, n. Fixed points left on a line of sm-vey for futiu-e refer- ence. BEND, ,.. I. [add.] Tu bend the sails, is to extend and make them fast in their proper positions. BEND, n. [add.] In naut. Ian., a knot by whicli two ropes are united; as cable bends, carrick ientis, a fisherman's bend, »&c. BEND'ER, n. In New York, a spree; a frolic. — To go on a bender, is to go on a spree. BEND'-LEATHER, n. The strongest kmd of sole-leatlier for shoes, made from cow-hides. [Scotch.] BENDS, n. Ribbands or bandages for the head, used, in ancient times, by ladies, in imitation of the circles of gold among the Normans. BEN'EDI€T,n. [add.] This word, used as a cant term for a married man, or a man newly-married, is derived from one of tlie characters in Shakspeare's play of Much ado aboxit nothing. BENEDICTORY, a. Conferring be- nediction. BEN'EFIT, n. [add.] Indulgence; con- cession; a performance at a tlieatre, the proceeds of which go to one of the actors as part of his recompense. The same name is given to a public per- formance, the proceeds of which go to some indigent deserving person, or to some public institution or charity BEN'EFIT-PLAY, n. A play acted for the advantage of some one. BEN'EFIT-SOCIETIES, n. Friendly societies, — which see. BENEMPTE', pp. Benamed. [Spen- ser.] BENEV'OLENTNESS, n. Benevo- lence. [Bar. us.] BEN'GAL- LIGHT, n. A species of fireworks used :is signals by night or otherwise, producing a steady and vivid blue-coloured fire. BEN'GAL-QUINCE, «. A plant, the Agle marmelos. BEN'GAL- STRIPES, «. A kind of cotton cloth woven with coloured stripes; ginghams. BEN'ICKE, «. In Turheij, a kind of military fete, similar to the tournament of the middle ages in Europe, but without the presence of ladies. BENIG'NANTLY, adv. In a benignant manner. BENIME.t V. t. Gienim'.) [Sax.] To take away. [Chaucer.] BEN'JAMIN TREE, n. The Laurus benzoin; also, a species of ficus, the /'. beiijamina. BEN'NISON, n. See Benisom. BEN'-NUT.S, n. The seeds of an Ara- bian plant, Moringa pteruqosperina, which yield an oil called oil of ben, or ben-oil. They liave been employed in syphilitic diseases. 51 BEN'-OIL, n. The expressed oil of the ben-nut, which is remarkable for not becoming rancid for many years. It is perfectly inodorous, on wliich account it is much used by perfumers, to retain the scent of the more fragrant oils. At a low temperature it separates into two parts, the one solid and the other liquid ; and the latter is employed by watchmakers, in preference to any other oil, for lubricating their delicate works, on account of its having no ac- tion upon tlie metals. BENO'MEN,+ pp. from Benime. Taken away. [Chaucer.] BEN'SHIE, n. An Irish fairy, or a iairy's wife. BENT, ) n. [add.] Bent, in BENT'-GRASS, ) Scotch, is used me- taphoricalbj, to signify the hill; the moor.— To taK the bent, to take the field ; to run away. BENTHA'MIA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Cornaceie. C. frugifera is a very handsome plant, and yields an c-atable fruit. It is a native of the East Indies. BENUMB'ERS, n. In >n«rf, agents which cause topical numbness, or mus- cular weakness. BEN'ZOYLE.n. The radical of benzoic acid, of oil of bitter almonds, and of an extensive series of compounds. [See Benzile, Benzule.] BEPLAS'TER, v. t. To cover with plaster; to embellish. BEQUEATH', v. t. [add.] To hand down to posterity; as, to bequeath a family quarrel. BEQUOTE', V. t. To quote frequently or much. BERBERIDACE^, n. 5<;eBERBEKi- DE^. BER'BERINE, n. [add.] This sub- stance is used in dyeing yellow. BER'BERIS, n. [add.] Tlie species of this genus are known by the common name of barberry. They are interesting both for their utility and their beauty. The berries of the common barberry {B. vulgaris) are acid and astringent, and form with sugar an agreeable re- freshing preserve. The stem and bark are excessively astringent, and are for that reason employed by dyers. The root yields a yellow dye. BERBERRY-BLIGHT, n. A fungus plant, the JEcidium. berberidis, which is parasitic upon the leaves of the com- mon berberry. BERDE',t«.(berd.) Beard. [Chaucer.] BERE'ANS, n. A sect of dissenters from the church of Scotland, the foun- der of which was John Barclay. They profess to follow the example of the ancient Bereans mentioned in the New Testament, in building their system of faith and practice upon the Scriptures alone, without regard to human autho- rity. _ BEREA'VER, n. One who bereaves, or deprives another of something valued. BERENGA'RIANS, n. A sect which followed Berengarius or Berenger, archdeacon of St. Jlary's at Anjou, who in the 11th century, denied the pre- sence of the body and blood of Christ in the sacrament. BER'EWI€,+ n. [Sax.] A village or hamlet. BERG'ANDER.n. [add.] The Tadorna vulpanser, or sheldrake. BER'GIL, ) n. The species of acan- BER'GYLT,J thopterygian fishes ol' the genus Labrus are so called. BERME, n. [add.] The bank or side of BESPET BEVEL BIBLICIST B canal wUich is opposite to the towing path ; called also btnne bank. BEKME,t "• (benu.) Yeast; barm. [Chaucer.] BERNE,t ". (l>ern.) A barn. [CJiamer.] BEK'NICLE GOOSE, n. The Beriii- cla leitcopsis, a bird which inhabits the Arctic regions, but in autumn and win- ter visits England, France, Germany, Ilolland, &c. It is ratlier more than two feet in length, and weighs about five pounds. [Ace Bae.vacle.] BE'KOE, 71. A genus of small marine animals, belonging to the class Acale- pha. The species, which are transpa- rent and gelatinous, are either oval or globular, and float in the ocean, where they are widely difl'used. They are phosphoric, and shine at night like lamps suspended in the sea. Two or three species occur in the British seas. BEKO'SUS, n. .V genus of fresh-water coleopterous insects, usually found in ponds, in which tliey may often be seen swimming in an inverted position. BEK'KYA, n. A genus of plants, be- longing to the nat. order of Tiliaceae. S. ammomlla is the Trincomalee wood tree, a native of Ceylon, where it is called ammonilla. It received its bo- tanical name in honour of Dr. Berry, of Madras. BERTH, n. [add.] To give the land, or any object, a icicle berth, is to lieep at a proper distance from it, — Berth and space, in ship-buildiit/, the distance between the moulding edge of one timber and tlie moulding edge of the one next to it. BER'THIERITE, instead of BER'- THECRITE. BERTH'ING, 71. A term used by seamen most generally to denote the bulwarli of a merchant sliip. — In ships of war it is the planking outside above the sheer-strake, and is designated the bcrthiwj of the quarter-deck, of the poop, or of the forecastle, as the case may be. It is also used to denote tlie close boarding between the head-rails, and in this case it is called the berihinij of the head. BESAGNES', 7i. [Fr.] The two circular plates, about the size of a shilling, which covered the pins on which the visor of the helmet turned. BESAGUE-, 7i. [Fr.] A cornuted staff or club used by knights until the end of tlie 14th century. BESEKE',t »• '■ 0>e- seek'.) To beseech. [Chaucer.] BESETE',t \ PI'- [Sax ] Placed ; em- BESETTE',tJ ployed. [Chaucer.] BESEYE'j-f- }ip. from Besee. Beseen. [Cliaucer.] BE'SHAN, 7!. A kind of balsam. [See Balsamode.vdron.] BESUET',t pp. from Beshut. Shut up. [Chaucer.] BESIDES', prep. [add.] Except; bating; near. [Spenser.] BESI'REN, V. t. To alUu-e or entice as a siren. BESLOB'BER, i: I. To daub ; to soil. BESMOTRED.t pp. from Besmut. Smutted; blackened witli smut. [Chau- cer.] BESPEAK', V. t. [add.] To secure ; as, to bespeak one's favour. BESPET ',t pp. [Sax.] Spit upon. [Chaucer.] BESPEW, V. t. To daub with spew or vomit. BESPRINT',-}- pp. Besprinkled. [Spen- ser.] BESPUT'TER, v . I. To sputter over. BEST, a. [add.] Best is sometimes fol- lowed by a verb in the infinitive ; as, I sat down to consider what I had best to do. BEST.iDDE',+ ) pp. from Bestead. BESTAD',t ) Situated; circum- stanced well or ill ; distressed. [Chau- cer.] BESTE,t 71. A beast. [Chaucer.] BEST'IATE.t I', i. To make like a beast. BESTIL'LED, pp. Dissolved. [Shah.] BESTOW, V. t. [add.] To give or im- part, in a bad sense ; as, to bestow cen- sure. BESTREAK', v. t. To mark or cover with streaks. BESTROW, V. t. To scatter over ; to besprinkle ; to bestrew. BESOllE', adv. [For to be sure.] Cer- tainly; surely. [Colloq.] BES'Y,t a. Busy. [Chaucer.] BET.BETTE, for Better. [Chaucer.] BETAKE',t ti. t. [Sax.] To give; to recommend to ; to commit. [^peTi^er.] BETE.t c. (. (bef.) [Sax.] To prepare; to mend; to make; to heal. [Chaucer.] BETE,t V. t. [Fr.] To beat. [Chaucer.] BETECHE,i- for Betake orBEiEACH. [Cliaucer.] BETEE M', i>. t. [add.] To allow ; to suffer. [Shah.] BET£ElME,t V. t. To give ; to deliver. [Speiiser.] BE'TELGEUSE, 71. A star of the first magnitude in the southern constellation Orion. BETH,t r. !. imperat. Be ve. [Chaucer.] BETID ^t \ pp. from Betide. Hap- BETlDDE'.t) pened. [Chaucer.] BETlGHT'.t pp L.1 Betide. Happened. [Spenser.] BETOKE',t PP- from Betake. Recom- mend. [Chaucer.] BE'TON, 71. A niixtiu'e of lime and grave], which grows into a compact mass, and is used to form an artificial foundation when the ground is insecure ; concrete. BETON'6lA, n. A genus of marsupial mammalia alUed to the kangaroos, one species of which {B. cunicidus) is called the forest-rat by the colonists of Van Diemen's Land. BETO'NICA, 71. Betony, a genus of plants now merged in the genus Sta- chys. BE'TOOIiE',t pret. of Betake. Deli- vered ; committed. [Speiiser.] BETRAIS'ED,t pp. [Fr.] Betrayed. [Chaucer.] BETROTH'AL, n. Betrothment. [Rur. us.] BETT, for Bettek. [5pc7i.ser.] BET'TEK.t I'- i- To grow better ; to become better. BET'TERMENTS, 7!. piur. Improve- ments made on new lands, by cultiva- tion, fences, buildings, iS;c. [American.] BET'TING, 71. The laying of a wager; the practice of laying wagers. BETUTOR, v.t. To instruct; to tutor. [Bar. us.] BETWEEN DECKS,) 71. The space TWIXT DECKS, i between any two decks of a vessel. ; BETWIX'.t ) P'-ep. Between. BETWIX'EN,t) [Chaucer.] [ BEVEL, a. [add.] Slant; having the I form of a bevel. I BEVEL, t'. !. [add.] To slant or incline 62 off to a bevel-angle, or from a direct line. BEVEL-ANGLE, n. Any angle which is greater or less than a right angle. BEVELLED, pp. [add.] Iii inineral., replaced by two planes inclining equally upon the adjacent planes, as an edge ; having its edges replaced as above, as a cube or other solid. BEVELLING, a. [add.] Slanting to- ward a bevel-angle. BEVELLING, 71. [add.] The hewing of timber with a proper and regular slant toward a bevel-angle, according to a mould laid on one side of the surface. The bevelling of a piece of timber also signifies the angle contained by two of its adjacent sides ; if this angle is acute, it is called an under bevelling or bevel, and if the angle is obtuse, it is termed a standing bevel. BE'VER, 71. In armour. [See Beaver.] BEVIE.t 7!. See Bevy. [Spenser.] BE'VOR, 71. In ar7«0M7-. [See Beaver.] BEVY, 71. [add.] Sportsmen now con- fine this term to a tlock of quails. BEWAlLE',t V. t. [See Bewail.] To make choice of; to select. [Apcii- ser.] BEWEPE',t V. t. To weep over. [Oiau- cer.] BEW'HORE', II. t. To corrupt with re- gard to chastity. — 2.f To pronounce a whore. BEWREY',t ) V. t. To discover. [Chau. BEWRIE',t J cer.] BEYE,t V. t. To buy. [aiaucer.] BEYETE',t pp. (beyef .) [Sax.] Begot- ten. [Chaucer.] BEY'RAGHEE, 71. In the East Indies, a native beggar. BEZOAR'TI€.4.L, a. Having the qua- lities of an antidote. BEZONIAN, 71. [From It. bisogno.] An indigent wretch. [SAaA.] B-FLAT, 71. The common bed-bng is sometimes so called. BI. [L. bis, twice.] In chem., a prefix of certain saline compounds, into wliich two proportions of acid enter for one of base ; as fci'-arseniate. BIADET'TO, 71. [Ital.] The same as Bice. BIAN'CO SECCO, 71. [Ital.] A white used in fresco painting, consisting of lime macerated in water until its caus- ticity is removed, to which pulverized marble is added. BIAX'AL, ) TT • ^ BI \X'IAL ( "■ Havmg two axes. BIB, 71. [add.] The bib is a species of the cod family,and is theMorrhua lusca of naturalists. In Shetland it is called the smeltic. BIB'BED,t pp. Drunk. [Chaucer.] BIB'IO, 71. [add.] A genus of dipterous insects, belonging to the family Tipu- hdie. All the species are of small size, and their flight is slow and heavy. They are found in damp, marshy places, and fly but little, being very sluggish. BIB'ITOKY, a. Pertaining to drinking or tippling. Bt'ELE,"!- 71. .\ny great book. [Cliaucer.] BIBLE CHRISTIANS, 71. A religious sect in America, who abstain from all animal food and spu-ituous liquors, and live on vegetables and fruits. They profess to follow the great doctrines of the Bible, and reject all human autho- rity in matters of religion. BIBLE-OATH, 71. An oath on the Bible; a sacred obligation. BIBLICALLY, adv. According to the Bible. BIB'LICIST, 71. One skilled in tlie BIDDE BIGGIT BILALO knowledge and interpretation of the Bible. BIBLIOGRAPH'I€ALLY, adv. In a bibliographical manner. BIBLIOLOG'I€AL, a. Relating to bibliology. BIBLIOL'06y, n. [Gr. /S;jAof, a book, and Xoycg, discourse.] Biblical literature, doctrine, or theology; a treatise on books; bibliography. BIBLIOM'ANCY, or BIB'LIOMAN- CY. BIBLIOMA'NIANISM,n. Book-mad- ness; j)ibIiomania. [Not authorized.'] BIBLIOM'ANIST, n. One atiected by bibliomania. BIBLIOPH'ILISM, n. [Gr. ^. t. [add.] To remain all night in the open air without tents or covering, as an army on march, or in expectation of an engagement. BIWOF'EN,t pp. from Beicepe. Drowned in tears. [Cftaucer.] BLACK, n. [add.] A scoundrel. A Latin use of the word. BLACK'AVICED,) a.Darkcom- BLACK'AVISED,) plexioned. [Scotch.] BLACK'-BALL, n. [add.] A ball of a black colour, used as a negative in voting. BLACK'-BEEK, or DAN TZI€, n. A kind of beer manufactured at Dantzie. It is of a black colour, of a sjTupy con- sistence, and is much prized. BLACK'-BRYONY", n. A plant of the genus Tamus, the T. communis. [See Tamus.] BLACK'-CANHvER, n. A disease in turnips and other crops, produced by a species of caterpillar, BLACK'-€OAT, n. A common and fa- miliar name for a clergyman ; i^ 7'ed' coat is for a soldier. BLACK'-CURRANT, n. A well- known garden-plant and its fruit, of the genus Ribes, the R. nigrum. BLACK'-DAT, n. A day of gloom and disaster. BLACK'-DEATH, n. The name given to an Oriental plague which occurred in the 1-ith centiu-y, characterized by inflammatory boils and black spots of the skin, ind[icating putrid decomposi- tion. BLACK'- DISEASE, n. The black plague or pestilence, the Morbus niger of the Latin WTiters. BLACK'-DRAUGHT, n. A popular purgative medicine, consisting of the infusion of senna with sulphate of mag- nesia. BLACR'-DROP, n. A liquid prepara- tion of opium in vinegar, sold as a nos- trimi, and known also under the names of Lancaster, and Quaker's black-drops. BLACK-DYE, n. A compound of oxide of iron with gallic acid and tannin. BLACK'ET, pp. or a. Blackened. {Scotch.] BLACK-EXTRACT, n. A preparation from cocculus-indicus, imparting an in- toxicating quality to beer. BLACK'EY, n. A black person; a negro. BLACK'-FISH, n. [add.] The tantog or Lahrus Americanus ; also, a small kind of whale about twenty feet long, — In Scotland, fish newly spawned are called blach or foul fish, and the practice of taking salmon in the rivers, when they newly come up to spawn, is called hlach-Hshing. BLACk-FISH'ERS, n. Poachers who kill salmon in close time. [5cofcA.] BLACK-FLEA, n. An insect of the beetle tribe, injurious to turnips ; the Haltica nemorum of naturalists. BLACK'-GAME, n. A species of grouse. [See Black-Cock and Gbouse.] BLACK'-GUARD, v. t. To revile in scurrilous language. [ Vulgar.] BLACK'-GUARD, a. Scurrilous; abu- sive ; low; vile. BLACK'-GUM, n. An American tree of the genus Nyssa, which bears a deep blue berry. The wood is sohd, and not apt to split, and hence is used for naves and in ship-building. It is also called velloic-gum and sour-gum. BLACK' -HAIRED, a. Having black hair. BLACKING, n. [add] The name given by founders to a black-wash, composed of clay, water, and powdered charcoal, with which cores and loam-moulds are coated, to give the requisite smoothness to the surfaces which come into contact with the melted metal. BLACK'-IRON, n. Malleable iron, in contradistinction to iron which is tinned, called white-iron. BLACK'-LEG, n. A notorious gambler or cheat. BLACK-LETTER, a. Written or printed in black-letter; as, a black- letter manuscript or book. BLACK-MARTIN, n. A bu-d of the swallow tribe, the Ci/pselus apus ; also known bv the name of the swift. BLACK-MATCH, n. A pjTotechnical match or sponge. BLACK-NAPHTHA, n. Petroleum or rock-oil. BLACK'-NEBS, n. Democrats; factions discontented revilers. BLACK-PIGMENT, n. A fine, light, carbonaceous substance, or lamp-black, prepared chiefly for the manufacture of printer's ii.k. By a recent process, it is obtained by burning common coal- tar. BLACK' - PUDDING, n. A kind of sausage made of blood and suet (un- 50 rendered tallow), and boiled; blood- pudding. And fut iJael-pudJhi/js. proper food lor narriors tliat delight iu blood. Hudihras BLACK'-KOD, n. [add.] This officUl is styled Gentleman-usher of the Black Rod, and his deputy is styled the Y'eo- man-usher. They are the official mes- sengers of the House of Lords; and either the gentleman or the yeoman- usher simimons the Commons to the House of Lords w hen the royal assent is given to bills; and also executes orders for the commitment of parties guilty of breach of privilege and con- tempt. BLACK'-RUST, n. A disease of wheat, in which a black moist matter is de- posited in the fissure of the grain. BLACK'-SALTS, n. In America, wood- ashes after they have been lixiviated, and the solution evaporated, until the mass has become black. BLACK'-SALT'WORT, n. A British plant of the genus Glaux, the G. mari- tima, called also sea-milkwort. [See Glaux.] BLACK- SIL'YER, n. A mineral, called also brittle silver-ore, consisting of silver, antimonv, and sulphur. BLACK'-SNAKE, n. [add.] The black- snake of Jamaica is the A^atrir atra. Though not poisonous, its bite is very severe ; it feeds chiefly on lizards. BLACK'-SPAUL, n. A disease inci- dent to young cattle, especially calves, called also black-leg, and black-quarter. It is indicated by lameness in the fore- foot {spaul or leg), and gives a black hue to the flesh. BLACK' STICKING-PLASTER, n. A solution of isinglass, with some tincture of benjamin, brushed over black sarsenet. BLACK'-TURTETH, n. The protox- ide of mercury, commonly called the grav, ash, or black oxide, BLACK'-TWITCH, n, A noxious weed in wet grounds, [See Twitch- Grass.] BLACK- VARNISH TREE, n. The Melanorrh(Ea usitatissima, an East In- dian tree, which, when wounded, yields a black varnish, called Theet-see or Kheu. It is extremely dangerotis, as the skin, when rubbed with it, inflames, and becomes covered with pimples, which are difficult to heal. BLACK'-VO.MIT, n. Melar.a eruenta, a discharge from the stomach of sub- stances of a black appearance, as in vellow fever, li'c. BLACK'-WALNUT, n. The Juglans nigra, an American tree, the wood of which is of a dark coloiu", forming a beautiful material for cabinet-work, BLACK'-WARD, n. A sub- vassal who held ward of the king's vassaL BLACK-WATCH, n. The designation given to the companies of loyal High- landers raised after the rebellion in Scotland in 1715, for preserving peace in the Highlands. They were so named from their dark tartan habiliments. The black watch formed the nucleus of the •t2d resiment. BLACK'Y'-TOP, n. A local name given to the stone-chat (Saxicola rubicola), from the black head and throat of the male bird. BLAD DER, r. t. To puff up; to fill with wind. [Rar. us.] BL.AD'DER-ANGLING, n. Fishing by means of a baited hook attached to an inflated bladder. The sudden rising BLANK-VERSE BLATTA BLENNIUS of the bladder, after it has been pulled under water, never fails to strike the fish as effectually as the spring of a rod. BLAD'DEK-FERN, n. Cystea, or Cy- stopteris, a genus of cryptogamian plants, nat. order Polypodiaceie ; so named from the blad3er-lilce form of the capsules. There are several British species. BLAD'DER-GREEN, n. A green pig- ment prepared from the ripe berries of the buckthorn {Rhamnus catkarticus), mi.xed with gum-arabic and lime-water. BLAD'DEK-lvELP, n. Another name for bladder-wrack. BLAD'DER-TREE, n. A handsome American shrub of thegenus Staphylea, the S. trifolia, called also three-leaved bladder-nut. [See Staputlea.] BLAD'DER-WORT, n. Utricularia, a genus of plants. [See Utkicularia.] BLAD'DER-WKACK, n. A sea- weed, the pucits vesiculosusy called also sea- oak and sea-wrack. [See Fucus.] BLAD'DEEV - FEVER, n. Vesicular fever, in which the skin is covered witii blisters. BLADE'-FISH, n. An acanthoptery- gious fish of the genus Lepturus ; so called from its flatness and resem- blance to a sword-blade. It is occa- sionally found oif our coasts. BLaDE'-METAL, 71. Metal for sword- blades. BLAEBERRY, n. In Scotland, the name given to a plant and its fruit, of the genus Vaccinium, the V. myrtiUus, which grows on heaths and in woods. [See Vaccinium.] BLANCH, V. I. [add.] In gardening, to whiten, by excluding the light, as the stalks or leaves of plants, by earthing them up, or tying them together. BLANCH'-FARM, ) 71. A kind of quit- BLANCH'-FEKM,) rent; rent paid in silver. [See under Blanching.] BLANCH'-FIRM, n. [Fr. bla7ichir, and law Lat. firma, rent.] White -rent; rent paid in silver, not in grain or cattle. BLANCH'-HOLDING. [See under Blanching.] ELANCH'ING, n. [add.] In garde7nng, the process of whitening the stalks and leaves of plants. [See the Verb in this SVp.] BLANCH'ING-LIQUOR,n. The solu- tion of chloride of lime used for bleach- ing. BLANCK.t a. [See Blank.] Con- founded; out of countenance. [Spen- ser.] BLANCK'ED,t pp. Confounded or disappointed. [Spenser.] BLANC-MANGE, n. (blomonje'.) [Fr.] Same as Blanc-Mangkr. BLANDFORD'IA, n. A genus of beautiful plants, natives of New South Wales. Nat. order Liliacese. BLAN'DISE,t «. t. To blandish; to flatter. [Cha.neer.'] BLANK' -BAR. \a law. [See under Blank, n.] BLANK'-€AR'TRIDGE, n. A cart- ridge filled with powder, but having no ball. BLANK'-DOOR, ) n. A sinking BLANK'-WINDOW, S i" a wall, either in the exterior or interior of a building, finished with dressings like a door or window. BLANK'-VERSE, n. Any verse with- out rhyme ; applied particularly to the heroic verse of five feet without rhyme ; such as that adopted in dramatic poetry, and in Milton's Paradise Lost. I. — Supr. BLANQUETTE', n. (blanket'.) [Fr.] In cookery, a white fricassee. BLaR'NEY, n. A marvellous narration; gross flattery ; smooth, deceitful talk ; unmeaning or vexatious discourse. [Irish.] BLAS'PHEMY, n. [add.] Etymologi- cally, this term denotes speaking so as to hurt ; using, to a person's face, re- proachful, insulting, and injurious lan- guage, calumny, reviling, &c. In this general way it is used by Greek writers, and also in the New Testament. — In the modern and restricted sense, blas- 2>lw77t!/ signifies the use of insulting or derogatory, or unbelieving language, with respect to God and divine things; and the kind of blasphemy cognizable by the law of England is described by Blackstone to be " denying the being or providence of God, contumelious re- proaches of oiu" Saviom- Christ, profane scoffing at the Holy Scripture, or ex- posing it to contempt and ridicule." The crime of blasphemy is punished by the laws of most civilized nations. In Roman Catholic countries, speaking disrespectfully of the Vbgin Mary and of the saints is held to be blas- phemy. BLAS'PHEMY, n. A blasphemous person. [Shah.] BLAST, n. [add.] A current of air di- rected on a furnace by bellows or by a blowing machine, for the purpose of quickening the combustion, and in- creasing the heat. — A flatulent disease in sheep. BLAST, V. i. To wither; to be blighted. BLAST, V. i. To pant; to breathe hard; to smoke tobacco ; to boast ; to speak in an ostentatious manner. [Scotch.] BLASTE'MA, n. [Gr. ^A«,rTa.i», to bud.] In hot., the axis of growth of an em- bryo ; the thallus of lichens. — In a/iat., the granular gelatinous basis of the ovum ; the rudimental mass of an or- gan in the state of formation. BLAST'ODERM, instead of BLAS- TODE'BM. BLAST'-PIPE, n. The waste-pipe of a steam-engine; more especially a pipe in a locomotive steam-engine to carry the waste steam up the chimney, and to urge the fire, by creating a stronger current of air. In the figm'e, a a re- present in section the cylinders of a bF'-~-='- locomotive, from which the steam, after doing its duty, escapes by the blast-pipe b, into the chimney d; C is the smoke-box. BLAS'TUS, n. [Gr. /»Aa»7.,-, a shoot.] In bot., a term sometimes applied to the plumule of grasses. BLATTA, n. A genus of orthopterous insects, including the cocki'oachcs. 57 BLAT'TER,t v. i. [add.] To raU or rage. [Spenser.] BL-iT'TID-iE, 71. In Diet. ,{ovhaherlce, read haherlac. BLAW, ti. i. To blow ; to breathe ; to publish ; to brag ; to boast. As a verb active, to flatter ; to coax. — To blaw ih one^s lug, to cajole ; to flatter a person. Hence, « blaiv-i7i-7nij-lug, is a name for a flatterer ; a parasite. [Scotch.] liLAW'ORT, ) n. A plant ; blne- BLAE'WORT, ) bottle, Ce7itaurea cy- anus, Linn. [Scotch.] BLAZE, n. [add.] In America, a white spot made on trees, by removing the bark with a hatchet. Such marks are often made on trees in dense forests, to enable a traveller to find his way, or to retrace his steps. BLAZE, V. i. [add.] To blaze avjay, to keep up a discharge of firearms. BLAZING OFF, h. Burning off the composition of oil, suet, wax, and other ingredients, with which saws andsprings are cooled in the process of harden- ing. BLAZING-STAR, n. A plant, the Aletris fari7iosa, the root of which is greatly esteemed by the Indians, and people of the western states of Ame- rica, as a tonic and stomachic. BLA'ZON, V. i. To make a brilliant figure ; to shine. [Rar. us.] BLE,t ) 71. [Sax. bleoh.] Colour; hue. BLEE.tt [Chaucer.] BLEA'BERRY, k. See Blaebeekv. BLEACU'FIELD, n. A field where cloth or yarn is bleached. BLE ACHING-LIQUID. See Blancu- ING-LlQUOE. BLEAK, 71. [add.] The bleak is the Leuciscus albumus ; the silvery scales of this species are used in the manu- facture of artificial pearls. BLEAR'LY, adv. In a bleak manner; coldly. BLEAR, n. Something that obscures the sight. — To blear otie's e'e, to blind by flattery. [Scotch.] BLEAR'-EYE, n. Lippitude ; a chronic catarrhal inflammation of the eyelids. BLE€H'NIJM, n. Hard-fern, a genua of plants. [See Hakd-Fekn.] BLEEZE, Ji. or i>. Blaze. [Sco(cA.] BLEINE.t ». (blein'.) [Sax.] A pustule. [Chaucer.] BLENCII'ER,t n. He or that whicli frightens. BLENCH'ES,! «. plur. Deviations. [Shah.] BLENCH'ING, ?)pr. For " checked; deadened," read, checking ; deadening ; shrinking. BLENCH'ING, «- A shrmking back; a giving way. BLEND, ) ?!. [For " Ger. bh7iden, to BLENDE,) bind," read, Ger. blenden, to blind.] [add.] The term blende is most commonly used by mineralogists to denote an order of minerals, to which the following genera belong:— Man- ganese-blende, zinc-blende, antimony- blende, ruby-blende. Note. — "The word should be always written bletide, not blcTui. BLEND'ING, n. In painting, a process by which the fusion or melting of the pigments is eifected by means of a soft brush of fitch or badger's hair, called a blender or softener, which is passed over the little ridges ivith a soft feathery touch. BLEN'NIUS, 71. The blenny, a genus of small acanthopterygious fishes, living in small shoals, and frequenting rocky coasts. They are distinguished by their 7 B BLISTER-STEEL BLOCK-HOUSE BLOW-FLY having the Tcntral fin placed before the pectoral, and containing generally but two rays. Their bodies are covered with a mucous secretion, the form is elongated and compressed, and there is but one dorsal tin. Several species fre- quent our coasts, as the B. Monlagui, or Jfontagu's blenny ; B. ocellaris, the ocellated blenny, or butterfly-fish ; B. galerita, the crested blenny ; B. pholis, the shanny. BLENT,t pp. of Blend. Confounded; blemished ; disgraced. [5'/>e?wer.] BLER'£D,"f"i>p. Bleared; imposed upon. [Chaucer.] BLEST,ti)i"rf. OTpp. ol Bless. Acquitted ; preserved. [5/>e7wer.] BLETH'ER, i'. i.and t. To speak in- distinctly ; to prattle ; to talk nonsensi- cally. [5cof,t ) commanded. [Chaucer.'] BODE'KIN,t n. (bodkin.) A dagger. \C1iaucer.\ BOD ICE, or BOD'DICE. BOD'ILT, adv. [add.] In respect to the entire body or mass; entirely; com- pletely ; as, to carrv away bodihj. BOD'RAGS,t "■ plur. Bordragings ; incursions. [Speascr.] [See BoRn- BAGING.] BOD'Y, n. [add.] The material or- ganized substance of an animal, whether living or dead ; the main central part of an animal, in distinction from the head and extremities. BODY, r. t. [add.] To incarnate; to in- vest with a bodv. BOD'Y-€OLOURS, n. \ term applied in oil-painting to pigments, or to their vehicles, and expresses their degree of consistence, substance, and tinging power. — In water - colour paintinij, works are said to be executed in body- colours, when, in contradistinction to the early mode of proceeding in tints and washes, the pigments are laid on tiiickly, and mixed ivith white, as in oil-painting. BOD'Y-PL.A.N, n. In ship-building, an end view, showing the contour of the sides of the ship at certain points of her length. BOD'Y-POLITie, n. The collective body of a nation under civil govern- ment. BODT-SNATCH'ER, n. One who secretly disinters the bodies of the dead in church-yards, for the purposes of dissection. BOD-Y-SX-VTCHING, n. The act of robbing of the grave, for the purposes of dissection. BOG-AS'PHODEL, n. A British plant of the nat. order Juncacese, and genus Narthecium, the N. ossifragum. It has sword - shaped leaves, handsome but small yellow flowers, and grows on wet heaths. [See Nartuecicm.] BOG'-BUMPER, n. A local name for the bittern {Bvtaurus stellaris). BOG'GLEK, n. [add.] A jilt; one false in love. [SAaA.J BO'GIE, n. The frame of the carriage of a locomotive. BOG'-IRON ORE. See Bog-Ore. BOG'-MOSS, n. Sphagnum, a genus of aquatic moss-plants. [See SpHAGNUii.] BOG'-OR€HIS, n A British plant of the genus Mala.xis, the Af. paludosa. [See iLvLAxis.] BOG'-RUSH, n. \ British plant of the genus Schoenus, the S. nigricans. [See ScHP- [add.] To be born with a silver sjioon in one's mouth, in collo- quial phrase, i? to inherit a fortune by birth. BOR'NEEN, n A compound of carbon and hydrogen found in valeric acid, supposed to be identical with liquid- camphor. BOR'NEO-CAMPHOR, «. The cam- phor of the camphor-tree of Sumatra {DryobaUinops aromatica). BOR'OUGU, n. [add.] A borough may be defined to be a town possessed of cer- tain municipal institutions, its organi- zation for local government forming the natural or necessary basis of its jiolitical character and efficiency. — Parliamentary boroughs, such towns or boroughs as send representatives to Parliament. By the Reform Act, wherever the words city or borough^ or cities and boroughs, may occur throughout the act, those words shall be construed to include, except there be something in the subject or context manifestly repugnant to such con- struction, all towns corporate. Cinque- ports, districts, or places within Eng- land and Wales, which shall be en- titled to return a member or members to serve in Parliament, other than counties at large , and ridings, parts and divisions of counties at large, and shall also include the town of Berwick-upon- Tweed. BOR'OUGH-COURTS, «. Private and limited species of tribunals, held by prescription, chai-ter, or act of Parlia- ment. They are erected in particular districts for the convenience of the in- habitants, that tiiey may prosecute small suits, and receive justice at home. BOR'OUGU -HEADS, n. Borough- holders, or bors-holders. BOR'OUGH-MONGER, n. One who buys or sells the patronage of aborough. BOR'OUGII-REEVE, n. Ancienthj.an elective municipal officer, exercising functions analogous to those of the shire-reeve or sheri.ff'. BOR'OUGU -SESSIONS, n. Courts established in boroughs, under the Municipal Corporation's Act. They are held by the recorders of the respec- tive boroughs, once a quarter or oftener. The jurisdiction is over such offences as are cognizable by the county- sessions. BOR'OWE,t H. [See Borrow.] A pledge ; a security. — Boroive-base, base pledges ur usury. [Spenser.] BOR'REL,t a. [Fr. bureau.] Rustic; plain. [.S7>r>;?.sTr.J BOR'REL- LOONS, n. Low, rustic rogues. [Scotch.] BORRE'RA, n. A genus of Kchens, very interesting to the cryptogamist, on account of the natural habit of the species. BORRE'RIA, 7t. A genus of plants, nat. order Cinchonacete. The species are mostly herbs or under-shrubs, and are nearly all natives of tropical America. B, ferruginea is a native of Brazil, and yields a bastard ipecacuanha. BOR'R0W,t 71. [add.] A pledge or suretv. [Spemser.] BORROWING-DAYS, n. The three last days of ftlarch, old style ; so named, because it was beheved that March borrowed them from April. [Scotch.] BOR'URET, n. A compound of boron with a metal. BOR'WE,t n. [Sec Borrow.] A se- curity; a pledge. [Chaucer.] BOS'ARD,f n, A buzzard. [Chaucer.] B0'SOM,r./.[add.]Toembrace.[>7i«A.] BOS'OPRIC ACID, n. [Gr. $ovi, an ox, and «oT§#f, dung.] A strong, colour- less acid procured from fresh cow-dung. It is of great efficacy in purifying mor- danted cotton in the cow-dung bath. BOSS, n. [add.] In mech., the enlai'ged part of a shaft on which a wheel is to be keyed, is called the wheel-boss. The term is, however, applied ordinarily to any enlarged part of the diameter, as to the ends of the separate pieces of a line of sliafts connected by couplings. HoUow shafts through which others pass, are sometimes iJso called bosses, but impi'operly. BOSS, a. Hollow. [Scotch.] BOST,t n. Pride; boasting. [Oiaucer.] BOST,t adv. Aloud. [Chaucer.] BOS'TRICHUS, n. A genus of coleop- terous insects, belonging to the group Xylophila, some species of which are highly destructive to wood. One of the most destructive species is the B. typographicus, or typographer- beetle, which devours, both in the larva and perfect state, the soft wood be- neath the bark of trees, and thus causes their death. BOTAN'I€ GARDEN, n. A garden devoted to the culture of plants col- lected for the purpose of illustrating the science of botany. BOT'ANIZING, n. The seeking of plants for botanical purposes; also, the studying of i)lants. BOTANOM'ANCY, or BOT'ANOM- ANCY. BOT'ANY, n. [add.] Structural botany, that branch of the science of botany ■which relates to the laws of vegetable structure or organization, internal or external, independently of the presence of a vital principle. It is also called organogrojihy. — Physiological or or- ganological botany, that branch wfiich relates to the history of vegetable life, the functions of the various organs of plants, their olianges in disease or health, &c. — Descriptive botany, that branch which relates to the description and nomenclature of plants. It is also called phytofjraphy. — Systematic bo- tany, that branch which relates to the principles upon which plants are con- nected with, and distinguished from each other. It is also called taxonomy. — Palteontological botany embraces the study of the forms and structures of the plants found in a fossil state, in the various strata of which the earth is composed. BOTAU'RUS, n. The generic name of the bitterns. [See Bittkrn.] BOTCH'EKLY,rt. Clumsy; awkwardly patched, [liar, us.] G2 BOTE,t V. t. [Sax.] To help. [Chau- cer.] BOTE,t;>p. from Bite. Bit. [Chau- cer.] BOT-FLY, n. The gadfiy, an insect of the genus Oestrus. BOTH'ER, V. t. [add.] To perplex; to confound; to pother. [Zou\] BOTHERATION, n. Trouble; vexa- tion ; perplexity. [^4 low word.] BOT'-HOLE, H. A hole in askm made bv a bot. BOTHREN'€HYMA, «. [Gr. Mt^, a pit, and %yx*ju,'i., a tissue.] In bot., a term appbed to denote the pitted tis- sue or dotted ducts of plants. It is either articulated or continuous. BOTH-SHEETS-AFT. In marine Ian., a square-rigged vessel is said to have both-shects-aft when the yards are squared, and the ship is running before the wind. BOTH'UM,t n. [Fr. bouton.] A bud, particularly of a rose. [Chaucer.] BOTH'Y, n. A hut; a hovel; a place where labouring servants are lodged. [Scotch.] BOTRY'CHIUM, n. [Gr. /Sorew, abunch of grapes.] Mouu-wort, a genus of ferns, nat. order Osmundacese. It has distinct capsules (thecae or sporangia) disposed in a compound spike, attached to a pinnate or bipinnate frond. B. lunaria, common moon-wort, is a na- tive of Britain. It has lunate-shaped pinnae, hence the English name. Both magical and healing powers were for- merly attributed to it. BOTRY'OOEN, n. A red or ochre- coloured mineral, consisting of the hydrous sulphates of protoxide of iron, oxide of iron, magnesia, and lime. It is said to have been found on Vesuvius. BOTT, n. The name given by lace- weavers to the round cushion placed on the knee, on which the lace is woven. BOTTLE-BUMP, n. A name given by some to the bittern. BOTTLE-FISH, «. An eel-like fish of the genus Saccopharynx, the S. ampul- laceus. The body is capable of being inflated like a sack or leathern bottle. Bottle-flsb inflated, Saccopharynx ampuUaccus- hence the name. It is from four to six feet long, and is believed to be very voracious. A few specimens have been met with floating in the Atlantic Ocean. BOT'TLE-GLASS, n. A coarse, green glass, used in the manufactiu'e of bot- tles. BOT TLE-NOSE,7i. A species of whale of the genus Hyperoodon. BOT'TLE-TIT, n. A name applied to the long-tailed titmouse (Parus cau~ datus), from its long, curious, bottle- shaped nest. BOT'TOM, 71. [add.] Heart; secret thoughts ; real inclination opposed to apparent conduct ; as, he is sincere at bottom ; we are still at bottom as good friends as ever. BOTTS. See Bots. BOTULIN'IC ACID, n. A fatty acid obtained from sausages. BOUCHE, 71. (boosh.) [Fr. mouth.] A term used anciently to denote a certain allowance of provisions from the king BOURD BOWLING BOX-WOOD to knights and others who attended him in any military expedition. Also written bouge, and budge, [5eeBouoE.] BOUCHE, n. [Fr.] The indent at the top of a shield to admit a lance, which rested there, without depriving the soldier of tlie protection afforded by his shield to the lower part of the face or neck. BOUCHETE', n. [Fr.] The large buckle used for fastening the lower part of the breastplate to the upper one. BOU6E,t n. [add.] A cask.— Bof/f/e of court, «was an allowance of meat and drink for the tables of the inferior offi- cers and others, who were occasionally called to serve and entertain the court. BOUrt'ET,tn. [Vv.bougetie.'] A budget or pouch. [^Spenser.'] — In her., the re- presentation of a vessel for carrying water. BOUGHT AND SOLD NOTES, n. Among licensed brokers, the practice is to enter or register in a book the terms of any contract they effect, and the names of the parties, which is legally binding: as, when the broker for a seller treats with a buyer, he is deemed the agent of both, and he in strictness should sign the book, and deliver a transcript or memorandum titereof to each party, which is called a bought and sold note. BOUGHTES,t V. (bawts.) Circular folds; tmsts. [Sperrser.^ BOUKE,t n. [Sax.] The body. [Chau- cer.'] BOUL'DER- FORMATION, n. In geol., a term recently introduced to express what were formerly termed di- luvial deposits. BOULET', or BOULETT'E. BOU'LEVARD, n. (boo'leviir.) [Fr.] Originally, a bulwark or rampart of a fortification or fortified town. At pre- sent applied to the public walks or streets occupying the site of demo- lished fortifications. BoULT'ED,t pp. Bolted ; sifted. [Spenser.^ BOUN,t a. [Sax.] Ready, [Chaucer.] BOUNCE, V. t. To drive against any- thing suddenly and violently ; as, he bounced his head against every post. [Swift.] BOUNCE, n. [add.] A bold lie; as, that was a bounce. [Colloq. and familiar.] BOUNCER, n. [add.] A bold liar. [Colloq. And familiar.] BOUND'EN, a. [add.] Appointed ; in- dispensable; obligatory. This word was originally the past participle of bind, but it is now used only as an ad- jective ; as, bounden duty. BOUND'ENLY,a(/o. In a dutiful man- ner, BOUND'LESSLY, adv. In a bound- less manner. BOUN'TIE,tH. [Fr, bonte'.] Goodness. [Spenser.] BOUN'TITH, 71. The bounty given in addition to stipulated wages. [Scotch.] BOUN'TY, n. [add.] Goodness; gene- rosity. [Speiiser.] — Queen Anne" shounty, a provision made in the reign of Queen Anne, for augmenting poor clerical liv- ings. BOUQUET', n. [add.] An agreeable aromatic odour, which is perceived on drawing the cork of any of the finer wines. BOURD.t V. I. To jest ; to joke. BOURD,t u. t. See Boobd in this Supp. BOURD, 7?. A jest; a scoff. [Scotch.'] BOURDE,t V. i. [Fr.] To jest. [Chau- cer.] BOURDON^ 7?. [Fr.] A walking-staff ; a pilgrim's staff. BOURGEOIS, n. (borzh-wa'.)[Fr.l A citizen ; a burgher ; a man of middle rank ; an employer. BOURGEOISIE, 71. [Fr.] The middle classes of a country, especially those dependent on trade, but including bankers, sliippers, brokers, and even professional men or their families. — 2. The burgesses or burgiiers of a city, town, &c. BOURN'LESS, a. Having no bourn or limit. BOUR'OCKS, ) ;(. Confused heaps ; BOUR'A€HS,j; crowds; miserable huts; small inclosures. [Scotch.] BOURSE, «. (boors.) [Fr.] The French name for an exchange ; a place where merchants assemble for general busi- ness. BOUR'TREE-BUSH, n Elder-bush. [Scotch.] BOUSE, or BOUZE,t n. Liquor; drink. BOUTANT. See Arc-Boutant. BOUTS-RIMES', n. plur. (boo-rema'.) [Fr.] Words that rhyme given to be formed into verse. BOUZ'ING,t 2'pr. or a. Drinking. [Spenser.] BO'VID.^, n. The ox tribe; a family of ruminating animals, of which the genus Bos is tiie type. The antelopes, and all the hollow-horned Ruminantia, are placed in this family. BO'VIFORM,a. Having the form of an ox. BOW, n. [add.] In arch., the part of any building which projects from a straight wall. It is sometimes circular, and sometimes polygonal on the plane. BOW, jt. A boll; a dry measure con- taining the sixteenth part of a chalder, or four firlots. [Scotch.] BOW'-CHASERS, n. The guns pointed from the bows of a ship-of-war. BO W'-€OMP ASSES, n. A pair of com- passes with a bow, or arched plate of metal, rivetted to oue of the legs, upon which the other leg slides, to steady the motion. BOW'-DRILL, n. A drill worked by a bow and spring. BOW'ELLED, pp. Having bowels or a belly; eviscerated. BOW'ENITE, n. A bright apple-green mineral, found at Smithfield in Rhode Island. It is a hydrous silicate of magnesia. BOWER,) n. [Gaelic, bhoear.] The BOO'ER, y party who farms a dairy. BOW'-GREASE, 7i, See Bow-Grace. BOWIE, 71. A cask with the head taken out; a tub; a milk-pail. [Scotch.] BO WIN,) 7(. [Scotch, from the Gaelic, BOO'IN, ) bhd.] A boivin of cows, a dairy farmed out either by the landlord or tenant of a farm, the terms gener- ally being so much per head, grass and other provender included, according to agreement. BOWK,) „ ,, rc . I 1 BOUK, 5 "• ^^^'- L'^^'cA.] BOWL, V. i. [add.] To roll the ball at cricket; also, to move rapidly, smoothly, and like a ball ; as, the carriage bowled along. BOWL, V. t. [add.] To boivl out, in cricket, is to knock down one's cricket by bowling. BOW-LEG, 7!. A crooked leg. BoWL'ING,7i. [add.] The act of rolling the ball at cricket. 63 BOWL'ING, ppr. [add.] Rolling the ball at cricket. BOW-PEN, 71. The name given to a pair of small compasses for describin?^ small circles, the pen-point of which is jointed, so that it may be bent to any angle. BOWRES,tn. plur. Bowers; chambers, [Spense7:] BOWRS,f «. -See Bhawned Bowrs in this Sifpp. BOW-SAW, 71. [add.] The bow-saw hag a narrow blade stretched in an elastic frame, in the manner of an archer's bow. BOWSE, V. t. In nautical Ian., to haul upon. BOWSPRIT, n. [add.] A standing bow sprit is a iiermanently fixed bowsprit; a rumiing bowsprit one that can be eased out and in like a jib-boom, as in sloops and smacks. — Bou's2:>rit shrouds, strong ropes attached to the bowsprit for sup- porting and strengthening it. BOWTELL, 7i. The shaft of a clustered pillar, or any plain round moulding ; perhaps also used for the horizontal bars or transoms. — A boutell, grete bojctelle, are terms often used by Wil- liam of Worcester. BOW-TIMBERS, n. In ship-building, the timbers that form the bow of a ship. BOW-WOW, 71. The loud bark of a dog. BOX, n. [add.] The driver's seat on a stage-coach. BOX, H. [add.] Sioift uses this word to signify a blow on the head given with the wings of a bird. BOX'ED-SHUTTER, n. A shutter which folds into boxes on the side of the opening, or in the interior face of the wall. [See Boxings of a Win- dow.] BOX'-ELDER, u. The ash-leaved maple {Acer negundo, Linn.), a native of North America. BOX'INGS,n. Among millers, the name used to designate a coarse flour separ- ated in the process of bolting. BOX'-TREE, n. Buxus, a genus of plants. B. scmpervirens is a British species, growing on dry hills in the south Box-tree, Buxus sempcrvirens. of England. Its hard, close, yellowish wood is employed in making mathe- matical instruments, and for wood- engraving. [See Buxu.s.] BOX'-WOOD,7i. The fine hard-grained timber of the box-tree, used by the turnei", wood-engraver, matliematical instrument - maker, pipe, and Hutft- maker. Wheels, pegs for musical in- BRACHTDIAGONAL BRAHMA BRAKE stmments, knife-handles, and combs are I made of it, as well as many other use- ; ful articles. BRACE, 11. [add.] In arch., an inclined piece of timber used in trussed parti- tions and in framed roofs, in order to form a triangle, by wliich the assem- blage of pieces composing the framing are stiffened and strengthened. When a brace is used to support a rafter, it is called a strut. — Brace is also the name of a boring instrument, of which there are various forms. The most common is the carpenter's brace, wliich consists of a crank -formed shaft, with a metal socket at one extremity, called the pad, and on the other end is a swivelled head or cushion, or shield, by which the boring tool or bit, fixed in the pad, is pressed forward by the workman. For smith- work this instrument, instead of the cushion, has a centre-point which acts against a plate of metal on a weighted lever, by which it is pressed forward; it then becomes the smith's press-drill. But for work of a higher or more accurate description, it is ap- plied by means of a fixed drill-frame, consisting of a grab with adjustable arm, caiTying a feed-screw, acting on the crank-arm of the brace, and which allows of its being pressed forward at such rate as the nature of the work may require, and so accurately as to render the hole parallel. -A-nother form of the instrument is the Angle-brace, which consists of a rectangular crank- Angle- bmce. frame like the carpenter's brace, but usually much stronger, and which carries a parallel tool-spindle, termina- ting in a pad a, or bit-socket of the ordi- nary form. On this spindle is a small bevel-wheel, which gears into a second wheel on the axis of a winch-handle, by which motion is communicated to the tool. This instrument is chiefly used for boring holes in angular posi- tions, where the ordinary revolving brace cannot conveniently be applied. For heavy work, it is usually mounted in the ordinary drill-frame. BRACE, t'. t. [add.] To brace a yard in marine Ian., is to turn it round hori- zontally by means of the braces. — To brace aback, to brace the yards so as to lay the sails aback. — To brace by, to brace the yards in contrary directions on the dift'erent masts, so as to stop the vessel's way. — To brace up, to lay the yards more fore-and- aft, to cause the ship sail closer to the wind. BRACE-AND-BIT. See the word Brace and the word Bit. BRA'CER, n. A guard for the arm, used by archers to prevent the friction of the bowstring on the coat. BRACH, n. [add.] A species of scent- inghound, generally of a small kind. BRAt'HE, n. Same as Brach. BRA'CHICM, II. [L.] The arm ; the part from the shoulder to the elbow. BRA€HY€ATALE€'TIf, instead of BR.A'€HYCATALE€TI€. BRACUYDIAG'ONAL, n. The short- est of the diagonals in a rhombic prism. BBACHYPO'DIUM, n. [Or. ^..xw. short, and jrsw, a foot.] False brome- grass, a genus of grasses, distinguished from Triticum by the unequal glumes alone. Two species, B. si/?ua(!cum, and B. pinnatum, are British. BRACHYP TERES, instead of BRA- €HYP TERIS. Also written BRA- €HYPTERjE. BR.\€HYST'OCHRONE, n. [Gr. ^{tix""'! shortest, and j;(«'«) time.] A cm-ve in which a body descending by the force of gravity, arrives at a given point, in a shorter time than if it fol- lowed any other du-ection. It is also called the curve of quickest descent, and is the same as the cycloid. BRACHYTELES, instead of BRA- €HY'TELIS. BRACHYTJ'RA, n. A tribe of short- tailed crustaceans, comprehending the crabs. The tail or abdomen is doubled up beneath the carapace. BR.A.CE'ET, c. (. To place withm brackets ; to connect by brackets. BRACK'ETING, n. In large cornices executed in plaster, the name given to the series of wooden ribs nailed to the ceiling, joists, and battening, for sup- porting the cornices. BR ACK.'ETS,ii. In iniHirorft, projecting pieces attached to a wall, beam, &c., for caiTying or stipport- ing a line of shaft- ing. They are of very many different forms, according to the situations in which they are placed, but the an- nexed figures exem- plify the two in most common use. The first (fig. 1), isnsually bolted to a strong sole of wood, at- tached to the joists of the flat, or to beams supporting the floor above ; and the second (fig. 2), is attached to walls by means of metal soles or wall- plates, bolted against the wall at the required posi- tion of the bracket. BRACTEAL, a. Furnished with bracts. BRACTEATES, 71. Silver bracte- ates, a species of early coins in Scotland. BRA€T'LESS, a. In hot., destitute of bracts. BRAD, n. [add.] Brads, in place of a round spreading head, have a slight projection on one side. They are of various kinds; as, joiner's brads, for hard wood; batten brads, for softer woods ; and bill or quarter brads, used for a hastily laid floor. BRAG, r. t. To boast of; as, he brags his service. [iSAaA.] BRAG,f a. Proud ; boasting. BRAH'iAlA, ji. In Indian myth., one of the deities of the Hindoo trimurti or triad, and at the present day the least important of the three. He is termed the Creator, or the grandfather of gods and men ; Iiis brothers Vishnu and Siva being respectively the preserver and the destroyer. Bralmia is usually represented as a red or golden-coloured figiu'e w ith four heads. He has like- 01 wise four arms, in one of which he holds a spoon, in a second a string of beads, in the third a water-jug, and in the fourth the Veda, or sacred writings H-iTfiiDB-bracket. Fig. a. Wall-tnicket. Brabrca. from Coleman'a Hindoo MjUiology. of the Hindoos; and he is frequently attended by his vehicle, the goose or swan. In Hindostan the temples of this deity have been overturned by the followers of Vishnu and Siva ; and he is now bttle regarded, and seldom, if at all worshipped, except in the wor- ship of other deities. Like the other gods, he has many names. BRAHiIA'I€, a. Braminical, — which BR.\H'MIN. See Bramin. BRAH'MIN BULL, n. The Indian ox or zebu (Bos Indicus). The Hindoos regard the zebus as animals worthy of veneration, and consequently consider it sinful to slaughter them \^See cut in Diet. Zebc] BRAID, V. t. [add.] To plait ; to inter- twine ; as, to braid the hair. BRAID, 11. [add.] A sort of narrow tex- tile baud or tape, formed by plaiting several strands of silk, cotton, or wool- len together. It is used as a sort of trimming for female dresses, for stay- laces, &c. — A texture ; sometliing braided ; a knot. BRAID, a. Broad. [Scotch.] BRAlDE.t f. i. or t. [Sax. bra!dan.] To spring; to start; to a^^ake; to draw out quickly ; to take off. [Chaucer.] BRAlDEjf 11. A start; a spring. [Chau- cer.] BRALD'ED,pp.[add.] Plaited ortwisted in an ornamental manner, as hair. BRaIN'ED, a. Furnished with brains. [Shak.] BRAIK -FEVER, n. An old term for an inflammation of the brain. BRAIRD, V. i. To spring up, as seeds. BRAIZE, n. The sea-bream ; an acan- thopterygian fish of the genus Pagrus, found in oiu" seas. BRAIiE, n. [add.] A contrivance for retarding or arresting motion, applied particularly to the wheels of carriages, and especially railway carriages, which, by pressing on the wheels, retards or stops their motion. Brakes are usually worked by screws. In the figure, a is the frame of an engine-tender ; b b the wheels; cc the brake-blocks of hard- wood, acted on by levers worked by BRANCHIOSTOMA BRAVURA BREAKABLE the screw (/, turned by the hand-wheel e. — The name is also used to designate a I form of dynamometer, called Promfs fricfion-brahe, for measuring the power yielded by water-wheels, &e. BRAKE, n. [add.] An ancient instru- ment of torture, called also the Duke of Exeter's dauohte.r. BRAKE'HOPPEU,;?. A local name of the grasshopper- warbler {Sylvia locus- tella). BRAK'ET,f w. A sweet drink made of the wort of ale, honey, and spices. Also termed hragget, and bragivort. [Chaucer.] BRAMBLE, n. [add.] See Rubus. BRAM'liLING, v. A bird, the moun- tain-finch {Frinijilla vumi if ring ilia). It is larger than the chaffinch. BRaME,-!" a. \^Q.\. hremman.] Cruel; sharp ; severe ; vexatious. [Spenser.'] BRAN, n. A local name of the carrion- crow. BRANC, n. A linen vestment, similar to a rochet, anciently worn by women over their other clothing. BRANCHED-WORK, «. The carved and sculptured leaves and branches in monuments and friezes. BRAN'CHIAL, a. Relating to the gills or respiratory organs of fishes, and other animals that breathe water in- stead of air. BRAN€HIOS'TE(:;l,BRANeHIOS'- TEGANS,n. [.SceBiiANrniosTEGOus.] A tribe of cartilaginous fishes, compre- hending those in which the gills are free, and covered by a membrane. It includes the sturgeon and chimitra. BRAN€HIOS TOMA, n. [Gr. ^^ccyx^"-, gills, and ffiofA.(t., mouth.] Also called amphioxus. The lancelet, the most anomalous of all living fishes, and of all vertebrated animals. It is a vertebrated animal without a brain, a fish with the ^NcniosTOMA i^NCFOLATUM (the lancelet). I, A fin. 2. Uoder-part ot tl.e bead, WHH mouth. 3, Filaments on the margin of the mouth. I respiratory system of a mollusc, and j the circiUatory system almost of an annelide. It is about two inches in j length, of a lanceolate form, tapering | to each extremity, and riband-like. It ! was first discovered on tlie coasts of 1 Britain. A species has been lately I. — SUFP. described from the Philippine Islands, su that the geographical range of the genus is very extensive. [*S'ee Amphioxus.] BRAN'DER, n. A gridiron. [Scotch.] BRAN'DERED, a. Grilled; broiled. [Scotch.] BRAN'DIED,a. Mingled with brandy ; made stronger by the addition of brandy. BRAN'DISU, 71. A flourish. BRAN'DLE,t > v. i. [Fr. bran- BRAN'LE,t > ler, brandil- ler.] To waver ; to totter ; to shake; to reel. BRANDY-FRUIT, n. Fruits preserved in alcohol, to which sugar is usually added. BRANK'-NEW,) a. Quite new. BRAN'-NEW, J [ New.] [Scotch.] BRANKS, n. A British plant of the genus Polygonum, the P. fagopyrum, also called buck-wheat, — which see. — 2, In Scotland, a name for the mumps or parotitis. BRANS'LES,t \n. plur.[Yv.branshr.] BRANS'ELS,t ) Brawls or dances, wherein many men and women, hold- ing by the hands, sometimes in a ring, and sometimes at length, move all to- gether. [Spenser.] BRANT'-FOX,H. A small kind of fox. BRASH, n. Transient fit of sickness. [Scotch.] BRaS'SA6E, n. A sum formerly levied to defray the expense of coinage, and taken out of the intrinsic value of the coin. BRXS'SARTS, n. plur. [Fr. bras, the arm.] Plate armour for the upper part [See Bband- of the arm, reaching from the shoulder to the elbow, BRASS'-BAND, 7?. A company of mu- sicians who perform on instruments of brass; as the trumpet, bugle, cornet-a- pistons, &c. BRASS'ED, pp. Covered or coated over with brass. Copper plates and rods are often brassed externally, by being exposed at a high temperature to the fumes of zinc, and afterwards laminated or drawn. BRaSS'-FOIL, 7?. Dutch leaf or Dutch gold, formed by beating out plates of brass to great thinness. BRATT,t n. [Sax.] Clothing; a coarse mantle or cloak. [Chaucer.] BRAT TACH, n. [Gael.] A standard. [Scotch.] BRATTIS'IIING, n. [Fr. hretissement.] A crest, battlement, or other parapet. BRAVED, ?)??. [add.] Made fine. [Shak.] BRA'VINGLY, adv. In a defying man- ner. BRAVtI'RA, v. [add.] An air, charac- terized by minute divisions, giving several notes to a syllable, and requir- (io ing great force and spirit in the per- former, and serving to display his power, volubility, and distinctness of articulation. BRAWLTNG, n. [add.] In ?««', the of- fence of quarrelling, or creating a dis- turbance in a church or church-yard. B RAWLY, adv. Bravely; finely. [Scotch.] BRAWN, n. [add.] The flesh of the boar or of swine, collared so as to squeeze out much of the fat, boiled, and pickled. BRAWN'ED BOWRS,t n. Well sinewed arms. — Boxers, the flexor muscles of the arms ; so named be- cause they serve to bow or bend the arms. [Spenser.] BRAWS, n. Braveries; finery; one's best apparel. [Scotch^] BRAYNED',t PP- for Brained. [Spe7iser.] BRAZIL'-WOOD, n. [add.] The pro- duce of the Ccesalpinia crista and C. braj:ilie)isis. BREACH, n. [add.] In marine Ian., the sea is said to make a breach over a vessel when a wave breaks over her. — Breach of close, in law, an unwarrant- able enti'y on another's land. — Breach of covenant, a violation of a covenant contained in a deed, either to do a direct act, or to omit it. — Breach of duty, the not executing any oflice, employment, trust, &c., in a proper manner. — Breach of trust, a violation of duty by a trustee, executor, or otiier person in a fiduciary position. BREACir-BATTERT, n. A battery raised against a face or salient angle of a bastion or ravelin, for the purpose of making an accessible breach. BREAD- ROOT, n. A plant of the genus Psoralea, the P. esculenta. [See Psora LEA.] BREAD'-STUFF, n. In the Uriited States, bread-corn, meal or fiour bread. BREADTH, n. [add.] In the language of art, a term employed to express that kind of grandeur which results from the arrangement of objects, and the mode of proceeding in delineating tlieni. — In jyainting, it is applied both to de- sign and to colouring. It conveys the idea of simple arrangement, free from too great a multiplicity of details, fol- lowing which, the lights and shades spread themselves over the prominent pai'ts without dazzling or intei-fering with each other, so that there is breadth of effect, the result of judicious colour- ing and chiaro oscuro. When a work offers these results, we say it has breadth ; and broad touch, broad pen- cil, are terms applicable to this man- ner of working, when the touches and strokes of the pencil produce breadth of effect. — In a similar sense, in en- graving, we say, a broad burin. BKEaK, )'. t. [add.] To break cover, to come fortli from a lurking place, as game when hunted. — To break in, to train, or accustom ; to make tractable, as a horse. — To break the pai'le, to begin the parley. [Shak.] — To break ground, in marine Ian., to lift the anchor from the bottom — Tu break shear, is when a vessel at anchor, in tending, is forced the wrong way by the wind or current, so that she does not lie so well for keeping herself clear of her anchor. BREAK, V. i. [add.] To break up; to separate; to dissolve itself; as, tht council breaks. [Pope.] BREAK'ABLE, a. Capable of being broken. BREEME BREWING BRIDGING-JOISTS BREA!t'A6E, n. [add.] The act of i breaking; damage occurring to goods I during carriage by railway, carrier, steamer, ship, &c. ; allowance for what is accidentally broken. BREaK'EKS, n. In seamen s Ian., smaM flat casks used in boats, filled with water, for ballast and for emergency. 1 \See Breaker.] ' BREaK-IX, n. In carpentru, to make ■ a breah-iiu is to cut or break a hole in brick- work w ith the ripping chisel, for the purpose of inserting timber, or to receive plugs, the end of a beam, or the like. BREaK'ING, n. Bankruptcy; irrup- tion. BREaK'ING-IN, n The act of subdu- ing and training to labour: the training of a voung horse or colt ; an inroad. BREaIv'-MAN. n. See Brakeman. BREAK'-NECK, a. Endangering the neck. BREaK'-SHaRE, n. A. disease or diarrhoea in sheep. BREAM, n. [add.] The Cyprinus brama of Linn., and the Abramis brama of modern naturalists. By anglers it is often called the carp-breara. The sea-bream is the Pagrus centrodontus, the young of which is known by the name of chads; the white bream or bream-tlat is the Brama blicca. BREAM IXG, 71. In^eo Ian., the act of burning off the filth, such as grass, sea- weed, ooze, &c., from a ship's bot- tom. BRfs^flT^'^' } H. The breast. [5co/cA.] BRE.\ST, 'n. [add.] A rank; a line on which persons or things are ranged side by side ; as, the troops marched in close order, the foot by twenty-four in a breast, and the horse bv sixteen. [Su-ift.] BREAST'-B.\yD, n. A band of can- ^ vas or a rope, passed round the body of a man who heaves the lead in sound- ing, and fastened to the rigging, to prevent his falling into the sea. BREAST-WHEEL, n. [add.] It is only when the water is laid on about the level of the axis that this name is ap- plied. AVhen the water is laid on con- siderably above the axis, the wheel becomes a pitch-back, und ^hen laid on very much below the axis, the wheel is umlcrsfiot. BREATH INXr, n. [add.] Au- in gentle motion: applied also, Ji(iurafiveit/, to a gentle influence or operation; as, the breathinos of the Spirit. BRECH,'t n. Breeches. [Chaucer.] BRECH'AM, n. A work-horse's col- lar. [Scotch.] BRE€n AN, ) -r. re . 7 1 BUECKAN^ f "• ^^'■"- [Scotch.] BREDE.-j- n. Breadth. [Chaucer.] BRED'-SORE,| «. A whitlow, or a BREEDER, ) sore coming without a wound or visible cause. BREECH, V. i. To suffer whipping on the breech. [5AaA.] BREECH-BAND, n. 5fc Breeching, second noun. BREECHED, pp. or a. (breeeht.) Put into breeches ; having on breeches ; whipped on the breech. BREED, r. i. [add.] To breed in and in, in agri., to breed from animals of the same stock that are closely related. [See Breeding.] BREEKS, n. Breeches. [Scotch.] B R E E :M E.t ) a. [Sax. bremman.] BREME,t > Fiu-ious; fierce; out- rageous. [Spenser, Chaucer] BREER, \i\ 1. To germinate; to , BRE.ARD, f shoot forth from the eanh, lis grain [Scotch.] BREER, \ n. The first appearance of BRAIRD,) grain crops above ground after thev are sown. [Scotch.] BREEZE, ) n. [add.] The name BREEZE-FLY, ) breeze is also given to different species of the genus Qi^strus. BREEZE, n. Small ashes and cinders used instead of coal, for burning bricks. BKEG'MA, n. [Gr. ^»txat, to moisten.] In anat.. the fontanel; the two spaces left in the head of the infant, where the frontal and occipital bones join the parietal. It was so named because in infants it is tender and moist. BRENNE,t f. t. (bren.) [Sax.] To burn. [Chancer.] BREN'NINGLT,t adv. Hotly. [Otau- err.] BRENT-BROW, n. A high forehead. [Scotch.] BRENT-GOOSE, ) n. A bird of the BRANT-GOOSE,) genus An5er,the A. bemicla. It is much smaller than the common goose, but has much larger wings, and it traverses greater distances in its migrations. Its breed- ing places are in the far north, but it migrates for the winter as low down as the middle of France. BRERES,t n. Briars. [Chaucer.] BRES'SOMER, n. A term used in architecture for a beam, or brest-sum- mer. BRESTE,t V. i. [Sax.] To burst. [Chancer.] BRET EXED, a. In arch., embattled. Every tower bretexed was so cleiie Of chose stone, that were far asunder Lydgate's Troy. BREVE, n. A name of Indian birds of the genus Pitta, with short tails and bright plumage, are so called. They are allied to our thrushes. BREyET',>n. [add.] In France, B R E VE T, ) formerly, any warrant granted by the sovereign to an indivi- dual in order to entitle him to perform the duty to which it refers. In the British scrvicey a commission confer- ring on an officer a degree of rank in the army, above that which he holds in his particular regiment, without, however, conveying a power to receive the corresponding pay. It does not descend lower than the rank of cap- tain, nor ascend higher than that of lieutenant -colonel. It is given as the reward of some particular service, and qualifies the officer to succeed to the full rank on a vacancy occurring, in preference to one not holding such brevet, and whose regimental rank is the same as his own. It does not exist in the royal na\">'. BREVET, \a. For the words, ••'a bre- BREVET', ) vet-colonel is a colonel in rank, with the pay of a lieutenant- colonel,'* read, a brevet -lieutenant- colonel is a lieutenant-colonel in rank, but w ithout the pay of a lieutenant- colonel. BREVET CY. n. The rank or condi- tion of a brevet. [Bar. us.] BREVIAT, I n. [add.] A lawyer's BREVIATE.) brief. [Hudibras.] BREVIPEN NATE, a. Having short wings. [See Bkevipenxes.] BREVIPEN'NATES, n. Same as Bretipexxes. BREWING, n. [add.] The process of extracting a saccharine solution from malted grain, and converting that solu- GG tion into a fermented and sonnd spiri- tuous beverage called aie or beer. The process usually followed by the brewer may be divided into eight distinct parts, viz., the grinding of the malt, mashing, boiling, cooling, the fermentation, th^ cleansing, the racking or vatting. and the fineing or cleaning. The art of brew ing is a perfectly chemical one in nearlv all its stages. BRIA'REAN, a. Hundred-handed; from Briareus, a fabled giant with a hundred hands. BRlBE,f n. What is given to a beggar; what is given to an extortioner or cheat. [Citaucer.] BRiB'EN,t V. t. or I. To beg or steal. [Chaucer.] BRIBE-PAN'DER.. «. One who pro- cures bribes. BRIBERY, n. [add.] In English laic, this term has a threefold signification ; first, judicial bribery, or the offence of a judge, magistrate, or any person con- cerned judicially in the administration of justice, receiving a reward or con- sideration from parties interested, for the purpose of procuring a partial and favourable decision; secondly, the re- ceipt or pa>-ment of money to a public ministerial officer, as an inducement to him to act contrary to his duty; and thirdly, the giving or receiring of money to procure votes at parliamentary elec- tions, or elections to public offices of trust. The first kind of bribery, since the Revolution in 16SS, has been alto- gether unknown in England. BRiB'OUR,t n. A beggar; a thief; a robber. [Chaucer.] BRICK, n.[add.]The materials of which bricks are made may consist of clay mixed with sand or fine coal-ashes, and particles of small coal sifted, called breeze ; or of clay and sand, or of clay mixed with chalk and other substances; or of clay alone. The ancients botli baked their bricks, and also dried them in the sun. The Egj-ptians used sun- dried bricks in the constructions about their tombs, and in the large walls which inclosed their temples. BRICK'LAYERS ITCH, n. A species of local tetter produced on the hands of bricklayers by the contact of lime. BRICK'LE, a. Brittle; ticklish. [Scotch.] 3RICKXE,t a. [add.] Fit for bricks; as. brickie clav. [5i>e/wer,] BRICli'-MASON. n. A bricklayer. BRICK'-YARD, n, A place where bricks are made. BUIDDE, for Bird. {Chaucer.] BRIDE, r. t. To make a bride of; to marrv. [liar, us.] BRIDEWELL, n. [add.] A house in which offenders are subjected to soli- tary confinement and hard labour. BRIDGE, n. [add.] Military bridge. [See PoxToox.] BRIDGE, or BRID6E'-B0ARD, n. A range of planks which forms a com- munication between the paddle-boxes of a steam - vessel, and which being bolted and fastened with knees to the paddle-boxes, serves to lessen their vibration. BRIDO'ED-GUTTERS, n. See Bridge-Gutters. BRIDGING-FLOORS, «. In arch., floors in which bridging-joists are em- ploved. BRlDOaNG-JOISTS, n. In arch., joists which are sustained by transverse beams below, called binding -joists ; also those joists which are n.ailed or BRINDLE-MOTHS BROAD-BILL BROMO-ARGENTOTYPE fixed to the flooring boards. In the hgure, a is the flooring ; b the gii'der ; cc,the hndging-joisfs; dd the ceiling- joists ; and ee the straps. BRi'DLE-MAKER,n. One who makes bridles. BRI'DLE-PORTS, n. Ports cut in a ship's counter for getting out hawsers, either to moor by in harbour or to clap springs upon. BRIDOON', n. A light snaffle or bit of a bridle, in addition to the principal bit, and having a distinct rein. BRIEF, n. [add] In law, an abridged relation of the facts of a litigated case, with a reference to the points of law supposed to be applicable to them, drawn iip for the instruction of an ad- vocate in conducting proceedings in a court of justice. — Church brief or King's letter, an instrument which consisted of a kind of open letter issued out of Chancery,in the king's name, and sealed with the privy seal, directed to the archbishops, bishops, clergymen, magis- trates, churchwardens, and overseers of the poor, and authorizing them to col- lect money for the purposes therein specified, and requiring the several per- sons to whom it was directed to assist in such collection. This practice is now discontinued, and the sovereign's letter is sent at certain intervals to the arch- bishops of Canterbury and York, au- thorizing collections within their pro- vinces for the building, enlarging, or repairing of churches generallythrough- out the country. — Papal or apostolical brief, the name given to the letters which the pope addresses to individuals or religious communities, upon matters of discipline. Sometimes they are mere friendly and congratulatory letters to princes and other persons high in office. BRIEF, rt. Common; rife; prevalent. [Local.] BRIEF'-MAN, n. One who makes a brief; a copier of a manuscript. BRI'ERY, n. A place where briers grow. BRIG, n. A bridge. [Scotch.] BRIG'ANTS,t " plur. [See Brigand.] Brigands ; robbers ; vagabonds. [Spen- ser.] BRIG'BOTE,t n. [Sax. brig, and hate.] The contribution to the repair of bridges, walls, and castles. BRlGEjf n. [Fr. brigxie.] Contention. [Chaucer.] BRIKE,fn. A breach; ruin. [Chaucer.] BRILL, n. A malacopterygious fish, the Pleuronectes rhombus. In its general form it resembles the turbot, but is in- ferior to it both in size and quality. It is taken on many parts of our coasts ; the principal part of the supply for the London market being from the southern coast, where it is most abundant. BRILLIANCE, n. Same as Brilli- ancy. BKIM'FILL,t I', t. To fill to the top. BRIi\IME,t a. (brim.) Same as Breme, — which see. [Chaucer.] BRINT)LE-MOTHS, n. Some British moths of the genus Xylophasia are so called bv collectors. BRINE'-PUMPS, n. Pumps employed in some steam - vessels to clear tlie boiler of the brine which collects at the bottom of it. BRINE'-SHRIMPJ n. A branchiopo- BRINE-WORM, ] dous mollusc, the Artemia salina. It is a small crusta- cean, about Iialf an inch in length, com- monly found in the salt-pans at Lym- ington, when the evaporation of the water is considerably advanced. BRIS'TLE, V t. [add.] To make bristly. BRISTLE-FERN, n. An elegant Bri- tish fern of the genus Trichomanes, the T. brevisetum or speciosum. [See Trichomanes,] BRIS'TLE-GRXSS, n. Setaria, a genus of grasses. [See Setaria.] BlUS'TLE-HERRING, n. Chatoessus, a genus of the herring family found in the tropical seas, so called from the last ray of tlie dorsal fin prolonged into a wliip-like filament. BRISTLE-MOSS, rt. A species of moss. BRIS'TLE-TaIL, n. A Hy having the tail terminated by hairs. BRISTLINESS, n. The quality of being bristly. BRISTOL DI'AMOND, n. Same as Bristol Stone, — which see. BRIT, n. A fish of the herring kind, from one to four inches long, found, at some seasons, in inmiense numbers on tiie eastern coast of New England. BRITANNIA-METAL, n. A metallic compound or alloy of tin, with a little copper and antimony, used chiefly for teapots, spoons. &c. BRITHER, n. Brother. [Scotch.] BRI'ZA, n. [add.] See Quaking- Grass. BROACH, n. [add.] A taper; a torch or candle rod. [Provincial.] — A nar- rows-pointed chisel used by masons for hewing stones. [See the Verb.] BROACH, 77. In mech., a general name for all tapered boring-bits or drills. Those for wood are fluted like the shell-bit, but ta- pered towards tlie point; but those formetal are solid, and usually three, four, or six sided. Their usual forms are shown in the annexed figures. Broaches are also known as widen- ers and rimers. Fig. a is an ex- ample of the broach or rimer for wood, and fig. b of those for metal. BROACH, V. t. [add.] In Scotland, a term among masons, signifying to rough- hew. BROACH'ED-WORK, n. In Scotland, a term among viasons, signifying work or stones that are rough-hewn, and thus distinguished from ashlar or po- lished work, BROACH'ING-THURMAL,) Names BROACH'ING-THURMER. V given BROACH'ING-TURNER, ) to the chisels by which broached work is executed. BROAD' AWARE', a. Wide awake ; fully awake. BRO^D'-BILL, 7i. The common name in America of a wild duck {Anas marila) which appears on the North American coast in large numbers in October. In this country it is called the scaup-duck. C7 BRO^D'EN, V. t. To make broad ; to increase in breadth; to render more broad or comprehensive. BROAD'-LEAVED, a. Having broad leaves. BROAD'-SlGHTED,r/. Having a wide view ■ seein" far, BROCAT', %i. The original term for brocade. BROCCEL'LO, n. [Fr, brocatelle.] Among drapers, a kind of light thin woollen cloth, of silky surface, used for linings, &;c. BROCHE,t n. The tongue of a buckle or clasp ; the buckle or clasp itself. [See Broach, Brooch.] [Chaucer.] BROCHETTE', n. [Fr.] A skewer to stick meat on ; a mode of frying chic- kens. BROCHURE', 71. [Fr.] A pamphlet. BROCK, n. A badger. BROCK'IT-€OW, n, A white-faced cow. [Scotch.] BRO'DiUM, 7i. A term in pharmacy, synonymous with broth, or the liquor in which anything is boiled. — Brodium salis, a decoction of salt. BROEL'LA, 71. A coarse kind of cloth used for the ordinary dresses of coun- trymen and the monastic clergy in the middle ages. BROG, n. A pointed instrument, as a shoemaker's awl. BROG, V. t. To prick with a sharp- pointeJ instrument, [Scotch.] BRO'KAOE. See Brocage. BRO'KEN, pp. or a. [add,] Separated into fragments; crushed; subdued. — Broken number, a fraction. BRO'KEN COLOURS, n. Colours produced bythemixtm"eof one or more pigments, BRO'KENLY, adv. [add.] To speak brokenly, to speak in broken or imper- fect language. [Shah.] BRO'KEN-MAN, n. An outlaw; a bankrupt. [Scotch.] BRO'KEN MEAT, n. Fragments of meat ; meat that has been cut up. BROKEN-WIND, n. [add.] In this disease the expiration of the air from the lungs occupies double the time that the inspiration of it does ; it re- quires also twoeftbrts rapidly succeed- ing to each other, attended by a sliglit spasmodic action in order fully to ac- complish it. It is caused by rupture of the air-cells, and there is no cure for it, BRO'KERA(iE,».[add.] The business or employment of a broker. BROK'KING,t ppr. [From Break, Broke.] Throbbing; quavering. [Chau- cer.] BROMAtOL'OOY, n. instead of BROMATO'LO(iY. BROME, n. See Bromine. BROMILIA'CEyE,n. ladd.] The plants of this order are all capable of existing in a dry hot air without contact ^vith the earth. They are al) natives of the continent or islands of America. BROMI'SATINE, n. A compound of bromine and isatine, analogous to chlo- risatine. BROMISATIN'IC ACID,??. An acid obtained from bromisatine, BUO'MO-ARGENT'OTYPE,??. [Sro- mide, L. argentum, and Gr. tuto;, type.] A very delicate photograpiiic agent, prepared by brushing over paper a solution of 100 grains of nitrate of sil- ver in an ounce of water, and when dry a solution of forty grains of bromide of potassium in an ounce of water, and again drying it, and then applying one more wash of the silver solution. BROWNING BRUNSWICK-GREEN BUCKET-VALVE BRO'MURET, rt. A compound of bro- mic acid with iodine, phosphorus, sul- phur, &c. BRO'MUS, n. [Gr. 0i9u»t.'] Brorae-grass, a genus of gi-asses. Thirteen species are enumerated by British botanists ; they are known by having their spike- lets many-flowered ; two awnless glumes to each floret; two paleae or valves, the lowermost of which has a rough, straight, rigid awn proceeding from below the tip of the valve. None are of anv value to the farmer. BRONCH'I.tE,) n. [See Broxchial.] BRONCHIA, } The subdivisions, or BRONCHI, 5 ramifications of the trachea in the lungs. BRONt'H'IAL, a. [add.] Bronchial tubeSy the minute ramifications of the bronchi, terminating in the bronchial cells, or air-cells of the lungs. — Bron- chial membrane, the mucous membrane lining the bronchiie. The term bron- chial has been applied also to the whole extent of the air-tube of animals, in- cluding the trachea and its ramitica- tions. BRONCH'OCELE, instead of BRON- CHOCELE. BRON'CHUS, n. [Gr. ^jryx^f, the wind- pipe.] [add.] A ramiiication of the trachea. [See Trachea.] BROND,t n. A torch ; a brand. [Chau- cer.] BRON'ZED,pp.ora. Made to resemble bronze ; browned. BRONZE-LIQUOR, n. A solution of chloride of antimony and sulphate of copper, used for bronzing gun-barrels, &c. BRONZE'-PO'V\T>ER, n. A metallic powder, mixed witli oil-paint, for imi- tating bronze. Tlie yellow is composed of pulverized brass, and the red of pulverized copper. BRONZING, ppr. [add.] Turning to the colour of bronze. BROO, ) II. Broth ; juice ; water ; BREE, ) moisture of any kind. — Also, opinion founded upon bruit or report. [Scotch.] BROOCH'ED, pp. or a. Adorned; or- namented with brooches or jewels. BROOD, V. i. [add.] To remain fixed in the thoughts, as a subject of medita- tion ; a.^, this subject had long been brooding in Ijis mind. BROOD'-^LIRE, n. A mare kept for breeding. BROS'TEN,t pp. Bursten, or burst. [Chaucer.] BROT'EL,t a. Brittle. [Chaucer.] BROTH'ER-IN-L AW, ». The husband of a sister, or a wife's brother. BROUD EO,t pp. [Fr. brode.] Em- broidered. [Chaucer.] BROUETTE', n. [Fr.J A small two- wheeled carriage. BROUGHAM, h. (I'rom.) A modern species of wheel -carriage. BROUK'£N,t V. t. infin. To brook; to enjoy; to use. [Chaucer.] BROWN, V. t. [add.] To give a bright brown colour to articles of iron, as gun- barrels, by forming a thin, uniform coat of oxide on their sxurface. BROWN-COAL, «. Wood-coal, or lignite. BROWN'-GULL, n. The brown gannet, or booby of the south seas. BROWN'ING, n. The act or operation of giving a shining brown lustre to ar- ticles of iron. It is chiefly applied to the barrels of fowling-pieces, and sol- diers' rifle-s, to conceal the lirearms from the game and the enemy. It is effected by means of chloride of anti- mony, called, from its use in processes of this kind, bronzing -salt. — Also, a preparation of sugar, port- wine, spices, ' &c., for colouring and flavouring meat, and made di>!ies. BROWN MAN OF THE MOORS, n. A dwarf, or subterranean elf. [Scotch.] BROWN -OCHRE, n. A strong, dark- yellow opaque pigment, found native in various countries. BHOAVN'-PINK, n. A vegetable yellow- pigment, forming one of the yellow lakes. BROWN'-RED, n. A native pigment; but that used in painting is chiefly pre- pared from vellow ochre calcined. BR0WN'-R'UST,». a disease of wheat in which a dry brown powder is sub- stituted for the farina of the grain. BROWN-STOUT, n. A superior kind of porter. BROWSER, n. One that browses. BUOWSE-WOOD, «. Brushwood, or twi^s on which animals feed. BKOWST, n. That which is brewed; as much of malt liquor as is brewed at one time. [Scotch.] BROW'SY, for BowsT, a. [Dryden.] BRU'ANG, n. The Malay name for a species of sun-bear, Helarctos Malay- anus. It has sliort hair, a white or yellow mark on its breast, and a long tongue. BRU'CHUS, n. A genus of coleopterous insects of the group Rhynchophora, the females of which deposit their eggs in the germ of the bean, pea. and other leguminous plants. Tlie seed becoming matured is devoured by the larva, and the holes so often observed in pease, are those made by the periect iusect to Bruchus pisi. tiatarnl size ard m9>rt)ifled. etfect its escape. The genus is divided into several subgenera, constituting a family named Bruchidje ; they have all a short, broad, flattened beak, and ex- posed tiliform palpi. A species found by Humboldt and Boupland feeds on palm-nuts; the useful cocoa-nut is lia- ble to the attack of another species {B. ruficornis). BRU'CIA, n. See Brucina. BRUCK'LE,! a. Brittle ; ticklish. BRICK'LE, ) [Scotch.] BUUICK, V. t. See Bbuik.. BRUIL'ZIE, n. See Brultie. BRUN'NEN'S GLANDS, h. In a»«^, small flattened granular bodies in the mucous membrane of the small intes- tine. BRUNOL'IC ACTI>, n. One of the acids found by Runge in coal-tar. Little ! is known respecting it. BRUNO'NIAN THEORY, n. In phys., j a theory founded by John Brown, ac- [ cording to which no change can take i place in the state of the excitable f powers, without previous excitement; j and it is only by over-excitement that the excitability, witli life, can be cx- ! hausted, BKUN'STANE, n. Brimstone. [Scotch.] BRUNS MICK-GREEN, «. A pigment j formed of carbonate of copper, luixed I with chalk or lime. OS BRU'NY,t n. [Teut. bntnia.] A breast- plate ; a cuirass. BRUSH'INESS, n. The quality of being bnishv. BRUSH'-MAKER, n. One who makes brushes. BRUSH-TURKEY, n. The name given by the colonists to a large gregarious rasorial bird of Australia, the Talle- Brush -turkey, TaJUifoUa LathamL galla Lathami. This curious bird was at one time regarded as a vulture. It collects great quantities of sticks and , leaves, with which it raises mounds, in which the female deposits her eggs. BRUSH UP, r. i. To prepare one's self; to take courage. [CoUoq.] BRUST'EN, iv>. or a. Bui-sted. BRUS'TLE, V. i. [add.] To erect the hair or bristles, as a lion. [Cowley.] BRU TALISM, n. Quality of a brute; brutality. BRUTAL'ITY, n. [add.] A savage, shameless, or inhuman act. BRUTALIZA TION, n. Act of brutal- izing. BRUTELY. rtffy. [add.] Obsolete ; oc- curs in Milton. BRU'TISM, n. [add.] A term used by Dicight. BRYO'NIA, n. Bryony, a genus of plants, nat. order Cucm'bitaceie. The B. dioica is the wild bryony of our hedges, the root of which was formerly much employed in rural pharmacy as a drastic, but it is now disused- On ac- count of the powerful drastic properties of the root, the French call it devil's- turnip. [See Bryony.] BRY'ZES,+ H. The breezes, or gadflies. [Spenser.] BUBO, n. A subgenus of owls, sepa- rated by Cuvier, and characterized by a small concha, or ear aperture, and a facial disk, less perfect than in the sub- genus Syrnium. To this subgenus be- long the great ow*l or eagle-owl (B. maximus). the largest of the nocturnal birds; and the Virginian horned owl {B. Virginianus). BUCANEER'. ) r. i. To act the part BUCCANEER',) of a pirate or sea- robber. BUCANEER'ING, | h. The employ- BUCCANEER'ING,) ment of buc- caneers. BUCANIER', BUCANEER', or BUC- CANEER'. BUC'CINAL, rt. Shaped like a trumpet ; sounding like a horn or trumpet. BUCENT'AUR, n. [Gr. $wi, an ox, and *£vT*t/5«, a centaur.] A mythological monster, half man and half ox. BUCK'A. See Bucrer. BUCK'ETFUL, instead of BUCK'ET- FULL. BUCK'ET- VALVE, n. A round valve employed in the au"-pump of a steam- engine. BUDDHA. BUDDLEA BUFFO BUCK'IE, n. A general name in Scot- land for univalve marine shells; the name is more yiarticnlarly applied to the Fusus aniiquus, which is collected, boiled, and eaten ; the shell is the "roaring bucliie" in which children hear the sound of the sea. In Shet- land this shell is suspended horizontally and used instead of a lamp, the cavity holding the oil and the canal the wick. — Deevil's huckic, a perverse refractory youngster; a mischievous madcap, that has an evil twist in his character. [ScotchA BUCK'ISn, a. Pertaining to a buck or gay young fellow; foppisli. BUCK'ISM, n. The quality of a buck ; foppery. BUCK'LERS, n. Pieces of wood used instead of hawse-plugs in war ships and large merchant vessels. BUCK'KA, ». [In the language of the Calabar coast, a demon, a powerful and superior being.] A white man ; a term universally applied to white men by the blacks of the African coast, the West Indies, and the soutliern states of America. — Swnmja buchra, an ele- gantly dressed white man or dandy. It appears originally to signify merely white; thus, bvchra-ynm is a white kind of yam in favour with the negroes in the West Indies. BUCK'KAM, V. t. To make stifF; to distend to an apparent bulk or magni- tude by adscititioti^ mean'^, analogous to the buckram used by tailors. [Cow- BUCK'SHISH, or BUCK'SHEISH. See Bakshish in this St/pp. BUCK'S-HORN PLANTAIN, n. A British plant of the genus Plantago, tlie P. coronopus. It is a common plant, growing in sandy and gravelly ground, chiefly near the sea. [See Plantain.] BUCK'SKIN, a. Made of the skin of a buck ; a species of leather. BUCK'UM-AVOOD,7(. A name for sap- pan-wood, — which see. BUCRA'NIA, n. i^hir. [L. ox-skulls.] Sculptured ornaments I'cpresenting ox- skuHs adorned with wreaths or other that have arrived at a state of bliss, that are disengaged from the bonds of matter, and inhabit the immaterial ornaments, which were employed to decorate the frieze of the entablature, in the Ionic and Corinthian orders of architecture. BUD, n. [add.] An unexpanded flower; as, the hud of a rose. BUDDIPA,} n. In Indian myth., the BUDDII, > generic name of several BOODH, ) dcifiedsages of the Budd- hist sect ; the most celebrated of whom is generally understood to have lived about luOn years p..c. It also signifies, 1. The supreme being, the creator, identical with Brahma, and named Ade- Buddha. 2. A deity emanated from the trimurti or Indian trinity. 3. The priests of that deity and his religion. 4. The genius of the planet Mercury. Buddha likewise signities the souls i Buddha, from Moore's Hindoo Pantheon. world. And lastly, it is applied to different incarnations of the divine in- telligence. BUDDHISM, ) n. The religion of BUDDH'AISM, \ Buddha, the religi- BOODH'ISM, ) ous doctrine found- ed by Sakia in the East Indies. It admits of no distinctions of caste in respect of religion, no bloody sacritices, and no salvation without an ascetic and contemplative life. It denies the existence of spirits, and does not admit the real absolute existence of anything but matter. Buddhism struggled for a long time against Brahminism, but was ultimately expelled from India. It now prevails in China, IMongolia, Tibet, Burmah, Siam, Ceylon, &c. BUDDH'IST, H. A worshipper of Buddha or Boodh. BUDDH'IST, \a. Relating to BUDDHIS'TI€, J Buddha or to Buddhism, the religion of Buddha. BUD'DING, 71. The putting forth or producing of buds or germs. — In horti- cnlture, an operation by means of \viiich the branches of one kind of tree are often made to grow upon the stem of another kind. It is performed by in- troducing the leaf-bud of one kind into the branch of another, when the bud thus intro- duced sends forth roots, forms a stem, and becomes in all respects similar to its parent, re- taining all the special pecu- liarities of the latter. Roses, plums, peaches, nectarines, cherries, ' and many other kinds of fruit, are pro- pagated in this way. BUDDLE'A, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Scrophulariaceie. The species, which are numerous, are shrubs with mostly quadrangular branches, opposite leaves, and usually orange- coloured flowers. They inliabit South America and the East and West Indies; some 69 are cultivated in our gardens, as B. glohosa, and all are worth cultivating on account of their showy blossoms. BUDE'-LIGHT, n. A name which ha.s been employed to denote various con- trivances for increasing the brilliancy of artificial lights, proposed by Mr. Gurney, of Bude, in Cornwall. The original proposal consisted in supplying a small stream of oxygen gas to the flame; but latterly the author has con- fined himself to endeavours to augment the intensity of the light by reflectors and refractors of various sorts, but with very little success; and although the name lias been retained, these schemes have nothing in common with the ori- ginal purpose. BUD(jE, n. Lamb-skin with the wool dressed outwards. BUDci'ERO, V. A large Bengal plea- sure-boat. BUDG'ET,n. [add.] The /am//mr name given to the annual financial statement which the Chancellor of the Exchequer, or sometimes the First Lord of the Treasury makes in the House of Com- mons, in a committee of ways and means. In making this statement the minister gives a view of the genei'al financial policy of the Government, and shows the condition of the country in respect to its industrial interests. At this time also an estimate is pre- sented of the probable income and ex- penditure for the following twelve months, and a statt\nent is made of what taxes it is intended to reduce or abolish, or what new ones it may be necessary to impose. If the revenue exhibits a surplus, a reduction of taxes is proposed ; and if there be a deficiency, additional taxes become necessary. BUDY'TES, n, A genus of birds allied to Motacilla, and containing the yellow wagtail. BUFF, a. Of the colour of buft' leather; light yellow; made of buff; as, a bu^ jerkin. BUF FALO-GRASS,n. Trifoliumpen- Sf/IvaJiicum, an American species of short grass which covers the vast prairies on which buffaloes feed. BUFF'-COAT, n. A close military outer garment, with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of buffalo-skin, or other thick and elastic material, much worn by soldiers in the 17th century as a defensive covering. BUF'FER, ?i. [add.] Thisapparatus con- sists of powerful springs and framing, attached to railway carriages and wag- gons to deaden the buff or concussion between them when they come into tjNDEB-FnAME 07 BAILWHY 0AnBl*nB. «. BufRnR-tprings ttcUJ ' from the buffing-blocks bb. 11 ut the ends by rods collision. It is sometimes called a buffi.no apparatus. Any apparatus for deadening the concussion between a moving body and one on which it strikes may be called a buffer. BUF'FET,7i. [Fr.] In mw^ic, that part of tlie cabinet-work of an organ which incloses the pipes. BUF'FO, n. [It.] The comic actor in an opera. BUILD UP BULL-FINCH BUNKER BUFFO'NIA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Caryophyllaceje. Thespecies are insigniticant slender herbs. B. annua, toad-grass, is a native of France, and is said to have been foxind in Eng- land. BUFTONT, n. A projecting covering of gauze or linen for a lady's breast, Buffont. which stuck out from beneath the chin like the breast of a pigeon, much worn about 1750. BUFFOON', V. I. To act the part of a butToon ; to excite merriment without regard to dignity or decorum. BUF'FY, a. Resembling the buff-co- loured fibrin whicli appears on the sur- face of the crassamentum of blood drawn in certain states of disease. — 2. Pertaining to buff on the blood. BUF'FY-€oAT, H. The buff-coloured fibrin on the surface of the crassa- mentum of blood. l^See Bufft in this Supp.'] BU'FO, n. A genus of batrachian rep- tiles, comprehending the different spe- cies of toads, at once distinguished from the frogs by their thick squat body, covered with tubercles : two species are found in the British Islands. [See Toad.] BUGGEROW-BOAT, n. See Bud- GERO. BUGGY, 7?. In the East Indies, a gig with a large head, or top to screen those who travel in it from the sun's rays. BU'GLE, 71. [add.] Bugles are elongated beads, commonly black, but sometimes of various colours, used in decorating female apparel, and also in trafficking with savage tribes. BU'GLE, H. [add.] See Ajuga. BUGLE-HORN, n, [add.] A musical brass mnd-instrument ; latterly im- proved by keys, so as to be capable of all the inHections of the scale. BU'GLE-UORN,tn. A drinking vessel made of horn. [Chaucer.] BUHR'-STONE, n. [add.] This is a quartzose sandstone, very much used for millstones. The French huhr-stone is the best. BEUK { "• ^ book. [Scotch.'] BUILD, n. (bild.) Construction ; make; form. BUILD'ING, n. [add.] The art of con- structing editices ; the mass of materials shaped into an edifice. — Building of beamsy the same as scarfing, — tchick see. BUILD UP, V. t. To establish ; to found ; to raisd ; as, to build up a settlement ; to build up a character, &c. [Ameri- can.] BUILT, pp. [add.] In marine Ian., this term is used as a compound with others, to signify the peculiar form or con- struction of a vessel; as, frigate-6j»7/. clipper-6^^(/^ >S;c. — .1 hnilt mast or bloclt, is one composed of several pieces. BUIST, ) n. The mark set upon cattle liOOST, f by their owners. [Scotch.] BULB, n. [add.] A spherical protube- rance on a stalk : as, the bulb of a thermometer. BULBA'CEOUS, a. Bulbous. BULB'LET, n. [Fr. bulhiUe.] A bulb which separates spontaneously from the stem of a plant, as in Liliumbulbi- ferum. BUL'BOSE, a. Same as Bulbous. BUL'BUL, n. A Persian bird, the Eastern rival of the nightingale, but belonging to the shrikes, a difierent family of its class ; represented by the poets as enamoured of the opening rosebud, and, perched on some neigh- bouring stem, as pouring out his song in her ear, while she, proud of her youth and beautv, laughs at his plaints. BUL'BULE, H. [L. bulbulus.'] A little bulb. BUL'BUS, n. [L.] A bulb; a scaly leaf- buM- Buncombe — BuTiromhe, in Nnrih Carolina, being the place which he represented. BUNN,\ n. [add.] The usual orthogra- BUN, f phy of this word is bun. BUNT'ING-CROW, n. The hooded crow (Co7TH5 corni.r). BUN'YON, ^ n. An excrescence or ball BUN'ION, ) at the inside of th^ ball of the great toe, arising from an in- flammation of the bursa mucosa. BUOY, 71. [add.] A float; a floating mark on the sea, to point out the po- sition of objects beneath the water, as anchors, shoals, rocks, &c., or to mark out the course a ship is to follow. BUOY'AGE, 71. A series of buoys or floating beacons, for the guidance of vessels into or out of port, &c. BUOY'ANCE, 71. Same as Booyancv. BUOY'ANCY, n. [add.] The property which certain bodies have, by which they are supported at the surface of a fluid, so as to sink in it as much only as a part of their depth or thickness. Thus ice, most kinds of wood, and all bodies specifically lighter than water, are said to have buoyancy m that fluid. The term is frequently used to desig- nate the weight necessary to make a solid piece of wood, or a vessel of wood and metal, sink in water, till its upper surface is on a level with that of the water, or till a horizontal section of the body, at a given distance from its up- per or lower surface, is on a level with the surface of the water. The buoy- ancy of a body is the weight of the volume of water displaced by the float- ing body. BU PHAGA, n. [add.] Besides the Buphaga Africana^ another species, B. erythrorhyncha, has been discovered in Madagascar. It is about one-third less than the B. Africana. They are called ox-peckers. BUPLEU'RUiM, 71. [&i>vi, an ox, and tXekjow, a rib.] Ilare's-ear, a genus of plants. \See Hare's-Eak.] BUPUES'TIS, 71. A Linneean genus of serricorn beetles, distinguished by the toothed or serrated form of the anten- nae, and the splendour of their colours. The largest and most brilliant of these beetles are found chieHy in tropical climates; their larv^ are wood-eaters or wood-borers, and attack both fruit and forest trees. About 500 species are known, which differ considerably in form among themselves. Natural- ists have divided them into several genera, constituting a family (Bupres- tida^). Four or five small species are found in this country. BUR'BOT, n. [add.] This fish (Gadus lota) is found in several of the English rivers and lakes of the northern coun- ties ; but it is said to arrive at its great- est perfection in the Lake of Geneva. With the ling it forms, in modern sys- tems of ichthyology, a genus to which the name Lota is given. BUR'DEN OF PROOF. See Onus PUOBANDI. BUR'DOUN,t "- [Er. bourdon.] A humming noise ; the bass in music. [Chaucer.'] BUREAU', 71. [add.] A department for the transaction of public business. On the Conli7ient the highest departments of government iu most countries have the name of bureau; as, the bureau of the minister for foreign affairs. In Emjland, the term is confined to in- ferior and subordinate departments, BUREAUCRATIC, a. Relating to bureaucracy. BUREAU'CRATIST, n An advocate for or a supporter of bureaucracy. BURETTE', n. [add.] This instrument, which was contrived by Gay-Lussac, consists of a graduated glass tube, and a smaller tube parallel to it, connected with it at the base, and recurved at the top. BUR'6EIN,t V. i. To bourgeon; to blossom or bud. [Sife7iser.1 BURG'-GRAVE, w. See Burgkave. BURGH'AL, a. (burg'al.) Belonging to a burgh. BURG'HOLDER, ) . ,.,, . BORSE'HOLDER,} "■^*'*^'"S-"i'''"- BURG'LARER,t n. A burglar. BURG'-MASTER. See Burgomas- ter. BURG'-MOTE, n. A borough-court. BURG'OMASTER, n. [add.] An aqua- tic bird, the glaucous gull (Larus glaucus), common in arctic regions, which lays its eggs in the holes of rocks. It is so called from its domineering over the smaller species of gull and other aquatic birds. BURG WARD, h. [Burg and ward.] A/icientfy, the custody or keeping of a BURIAL-SERVICE, n. The religious service performed at the interment of the dead. BUR'IELSjf n. plur, Burying-places. [Chaucer.] BURK, I', t. [add.] To smother; to shelve; to get rid of by a side-wind ; as, to bu7'h a parliamentary question. [Not degaid.] BURL, n, A small knot or lump in tliread. BUR-MAR'IGOLD, ». A genus of plants (Bidens), of which there are two British species, viz., nodding bur-mari- gold {Bidens cernua), and three-cleft bur-marigold {B. tripartita), both an- nuals, growing by the sides of ponds and ditches. Nat. order Compositae. BURN, 71. [add.] Bu7'/is are produced by heated solids, and scalds by heated fluids. BURN, V. t. [add.] In surg., to apply an actual cautery; to cauterize. — To burn daylight, to waste time. [Shak.\ — To burn one's fingers, to suffer loss by a specidation. [Colloquial.] — In the game of bowls, to burn a bowl, is to displace it accidentally, and the bowl so dis- placed is said to be burned. BURN,v.i. [add.] To burn with labour^ to be full of basy stir and activity. [Thomson.] 71 BURN'ED,tpi>.[Fr.67-7/ni>.] Burnished. [Chaucer.] BURN'ET, n. [add.] The great burnet is the Sanguisorba officinalis, and thtj salad-burnet, the Poterium sanguisor- ba. [^See Sanguisorba and PoTERiuM.] BURNET-MOTH, n. Beautiful red and black hawk-moths, of the genus Anthroctra, Two or more species are found in this countrv. BURN'ET -SAXIFRA6E, ». [add.] The common name of three different species of British plants of the genus Pimpinella. [See Pimpinella.] BURNETTE',t n. (burnef.) [Fr. 6r»- 7}ette.] Cloth dyed of a brown colour. BURNT'-SPON6E. ^fieuuderSpoNOE. BUR'-PARSLEY, n. Caucalis, a genus of plants, nat. order Umbelliferas. Two species are British, of which one, small bur-parsley (C. daucoides), is fre- quently found in corn-fields, in chalky soils, in England. BURR, n. A partially vitrified brick; a clinker. BUR'RA, n. In the East Indies, great, large, powerlul ; as, BujTa Beebee, or Baba, that is. Great Lady, the common native name of the East India Com- pany. BUR'-REED, n. The common name of three British plants of the genus Sparganium, which grow by the sides of lakesaud pooh. [See Sparganium.] BUR'ROW, V. i. [add.] To excavate a hole in the earth. BUR'ROW-DUCK, n. The sheldrake, — which see. BUR'ROWING-OWL, H. An American species of owl, the Nociua ciancularia. In Buenos Ayres it inhabits the holes of the hizcacha^ or viscacha; but in Banda Oriental it excavates holes for itself. BURR'-STONE. See Buhr-Stone in Diet. BUR'RY, a. Full of burs; resembling burs. BURSAL'06Y, n. [Gr. ^v^cot, a sac, and Ao^flf, an account.] A description of tlie bursa mucostp. BUR'SA MUCO'SA. 72. [add.] The burs». to cut.] Flowering-rush, a genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Butomaceae. [See Flowering-Rush.] BUTT, n. [add.] In ship-building, the end of a plank or piece of timber which unites with another endways ; also, the joining of two such pieces. Planks which unite endways butt against each other. — In carpentry and cabinet-icork, this junction is styled a butt-joint. — The butt-end of a piece of timber is that end which was nearest the root of the tree. — Butt-end of a musket or folding- , piece, that end which butts against the I shoulder when the gun is being dis- charged. [See Bit-End] — A butfs- length, the ordinary distance from the place of shooting to the butt or mark ; as, not two pair of butt's-hngth from the town. — Butts and bounds, [See Butts.] — In mech.y the square end of a connecting-rod or ^— ^ I other link, to which -^^yj the bush-bearing is '^ '' attached by a strap, fastened to the btdt by a cutter and gib. In the annexed figure b marks the butt. BUT TED, pp. [add.] 2. a. Having abuttals; as, the land is butted and bounded as follows. BUTTER, n. [add.] The substances to which the old chemists gave the name of butter are certain chlorides, and they were so named from their soft but>Ta- ceous consistence, when recently pre- pared. Thus, the sesquichloride of arsenic was called butter of arsenic; the chloride of bismuth, butter of bismuth ; 72 the chloride of zinc, butter ofzinc, &c. — Vegetable butters, a name given in vegetable cliemistr!/ to certain concrete fixed vegetable oils, from their resem- blance to butter produced from the milk of animals ; such as those of the cacao, and cocoa-nut, of the nutmeg, &c., which are solid at common tem- peratures. — Bun-butter, clarified butter; butter melted and potted for culinary use. — Butter and egg^, a plant, the Narcissus incomparabilis. — Butter and tallow tree, a name given to a tree of the genus Pentadesma, the P. butyracea. [See Pentadesma.] BUT TER-BIRD, «. In Jamaica, the rice-bunting {Dolichonyx oryzivortts) is so called. It is in great request there for the table. BUT TER-BUR, n. [add.] See Peta- SITES. BUT TER-CUP,or BUT TER-CUPS. BUT'TER-FISH,n. A small acanthop- terygious fish, allied to the blennies, and so called from the copious mucous se- cretion of the skin. It is the Murce- twides ffuttatus, or spotted gunnel. BUTTER-FLOWER, n. [add.] Same as Butter-Cup. BUT TERFLY-FISH, n. A fish found on our coast, the Blennius oceUaris. BUT TERFLY-OR€HIS,n. Two Bri- tish plants, of the genus Habenaria of Brown, the H. chlorantha and H. hifolia [Orchis bifolia, Linn.) It grows in woods and open heaths. BUTTERFLY-PLANT, n. A "VYest Indian plant of the genus Oncidium, the O. papilio. [See Oncidium.] BUT TERFLY-VALVE, n. In mech., a species of double clack-valve, consist- ing essentially of two semicircular clap- pers, clacks, or wings hinged to a cross- rib cast in the pump-bucket, and so named from its butterfly appearance when open, as represented in section in the annexed cut. This form of valve is employed in the lift-buckets of large water-pumps, and for the air-pump buckets of condensing steam- engines. Theordinary I f^ HH ^ construction of the clappers is described under Clack-A'alve in the Dicf., bnt the introduction of vulcanized caoutchouc into the arts has led to a considerable modification of this kind of valve, especially as em- ployed in the air-pumps of marine en- gines. Tl)e bucket is provided with a metal-grating extending over its whole area, and on this a circular plate of the vulcanized caoutchouc is laid, ren- dering it quite water-tight when the pxmip is on the lift, but which, when the bucket is descending, as in the I .. figure, rises from the grating, and al- lows the water to pass. To prevent the unduedisplace- mentofthisfle.vible cover, or continu- ous clapper,a metal guard, of the form of a basin, is placed over it, and fixed by the spear, which, pa5:sing through the centre, binds the flexible plate between it and the eye for jeceiring the end of the pump-rod. Being thus confined only at the centre, when the bucket is descending, tho CAABA CABASSOU flexible cover is raised by the pressure of the water off the grating and thrown against the surface of the guard, which, rising gradually towards the circum- ference, permits the water to pass freely. AVhen the bucket begins to rise, the flexible plate, of course, falls, and ap- plies itself over the grating. BUT'TER-WORT, n. [add.] The Pin- guicula vulgaris. BUTT'-HIN6ES,) «. Hinges employed BDT'-HINGES, ) in the hanging of doors, shutters, casements, &c. They are placed on the edges, with the knuckle projecting on the side in which the closure is to open, and the other edges stopping against a small piece of wood left in the thickness of the closure, so as to keep the arris entire. There are several kinds of these hinges. BDT'TING-JOINT,n. A joint formed by the surfaces of two pieces of wood, of which one surface is perpendicular to the fibres, and the other in the direc- tion of the fibres, or making an oblique angle with them : as the joints made by the struts and braces with the truss- posts. BUT'TON-TOOL, n. An instrument used chiefly for cutting out the disks or buttons of leather, which serve as nuts for the screwed wires in the mechanism connected -with the keys of the organ and pianoforte. It is a modification of the ordinary centre-bit. [iSee Bit.] BDTTS, n. [add.] Butts and bounds, the abuttals and boundaries of land. BUTYR'ie ETHER, n. Butyrate of oxide of ethyle. It is a very mobile liquid, of an odour somewhat similar to that of pine-apples. It is very soluble in alcohol, and is employed to flavour spirits. It may be formed by distilling a mixture of alcohol and butyric acid, with the addition of a little sulphuric ether. BUTY'RONE, n. A substance formed along with carbonate of lime when butyrate of lime is distilled. It is analogous to acetone. BUXBAU'MIA, n. A genus of plants belonging to the nat. order of Mosses. The B. aphylla is almost destitute of leaves, and resembles a fungus more than a moss. It is a British plant, but is very rare. BUX'OM, a. [add.] Yielding; compres- sible; as, the buxom air; the buxom sea. BUX'OME,t a. Buxom. — Buxome and bent, meek and obedient. [Spenser.] BUX'US, n. [Gr. ,i,|«.] [add.] {Hee Box-Tree, Box-Wood.] BUZ. An interjection of ridicule. [Shah.] BUZ'ZARD, n. [add.] The common buzzard is the Falco buteo, Linn., and the Buteo vulgaris of modern natu- ralists ; the moor-buzzard is the Circus a-ruginosus; the bald buzzard is the Pandion halimlus, or osprey ; and the honey-buzzard is the Pernis apivorus. The rough-legged buzzard is the Buteo lagopus. All these species are British. BY, or BYE, n. Something not the im- mediate object of regard ; as, by the by, or by the bye ; that is, by the way, in passing. [See the prep. Bv.] BY, as a 2>refix, in compound words, signifies peculiar and especial ; private, adapted or intended for private and partial ends or purposes; within otir especial privity, knowledge, or posses- sion ; accessary or collateral. BY, prep. Beyond; besides; over and above. [Scotch-I BY'ARD, n. A piece of leather crossing the breast, used by the men who drag sledges in coal-mines. BY-BIDDER, n. In the United States, a person employed at public auctions to bid on articles put up for sale, in order to obtain higher prices. BY'-BLOW, n. A side or accidental blow ; an illegitimate child. BYE, adv. Down-bye, downwards; down yonder; notfarofi'. [Scotch.] BY'GANES, \n. plur. What is gone by BY'GONES, ( and past. [Scotch.] BYLEVE',t "■ i. [Sax. belifan.] To remain ; to stay. [Chaucer.] BYNEMPT',t pp. [Be and nempne.] Dictated or named ; bequeathed. [Spen- ser.] BY-ORD'INAR,arft).More than ordinary. [Scotch.] BY-PASSAGE, n. A pri- vate or retired passage. BY'-PLACE, n. A retired place, spot, or situation. BY'-PLAY,n. On the stage, a scene which is carried on aside, and commonly in dumb show, while the main action proceeds, with a view ordinarily to en- hance the sport. BY-PURPOSE, n. An in- direct or concealed purpose or design. BYRAFT',t PP- Bereft; taken away. [Cliaucer.] BYRE, n. A cow-house. [Scotch.] BYR'RHUS, n. A genus of coleopterous insects. B. piluta, or pill-beetle, is found on various plants in gardens. BYS'SINE, a. Made of silk ; having a silky or flax-like appearance. BYSSO'MYA, n. A genus of acephalous molluscs, which live in the fissures of rocks, attached by a byssus. BYS'SUS, n. [add.] In conchology, along, delicate, lustrous, and silky bunch of filaments, by which the Mytilus, Pinna, and other shells, are attached to conti- guous bodies. — In bot., a genus of fila- mentous fungi. The species inhabit cellars and subterranean abodes, but are now ascertained to consist of fun- gaceous plants in an early state of growth, and referable to various genera. ^Byssus, among the ancients, was the name of a cloth of exceedingly fine texture, but whether of linen, cotton, or silk, is not certain. BY'-TIME, n. Odd time; interval of leisure. As an adv., now and then. [Scotch.] BYZ'ANTINE ARCHITEGTURE, n. A style of architecture developed in the Byzantine Empire about A.n. 300, and which, under various modifications, continued in use till the final conquest of that empire by the Turks in a.d. 1453. It spread so widely, and was so thoroughly identified with all middle- age art, that its infiuence even in Italy did not wholly decline before the 16th century. Its ruling principle is incrus- tation, the incrustation of brick with more precious materials ; large spaces are left void of bold architectiu-al features, to be rendered interesting merely by surface ornament or sculp- ture. It depended much on colour for its effect, and with this intent, mosaics wrought on grounds of gold, or of posi- tive colour are profusely introduced. The leading forms which pervade the Byzantine are the round-arch, the dome, the circle, and the cross. The capitals of the pillars are of endless variety, and full of invention ; whilesome are founded PfK. 1 F.g.i on the Greek-Corinthian, many ap- proach in character to those of the Norman ; and so varied are their deco- rations, that frequently no two sides of the same capital are alike. Both the Norman and the Lombardic styles may be considered as varieties of the Byzan- tine, and all of these are comprised under the term Romanesque, which comprehends the round-arch style of middle-age art, as distinguished from the Saracenic and the Gothic, which are pointed-arch species. The mosque of St. Sophia, Constantinople, and the church of St. Mark's, Venice, are pro- minent examples of Byzantine archi- tecture. c. C[add.] In musiCy C after the clef is • the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve, corresponding to ;. C is also the name of a note in the scale; the key-note major and the third minor of the na- lural scale. I, — ^Supr. € A', u. i. To call ; to drive ; as, to cd oxevy to drive oxen. [^Scotch,^ €AA'BA, n. A square stone in the temple at Mecca, regarded with adora- tion by Mahometans, as having been presented by the angel Gabriel to Abra- ham, on the occasion of building the 73 temple. The entire temple is some- times called by this name. CAB, n. A carriage with two or four wheels, drawn by one horse. It is an abridgment of cabriolet, the French expression for a similar vehicle. ■GABAS'SOU, n. A large species of ar- 7 D CACCHE CADASTER C^SPITOSE madillo, a native of South America {Dasi/pus unicinctus). €AB'BA(jE, n. [add.] A cant name for pieces of cloth purloined by tailors in cutting out garments. €AB'BAGE-BAKK, ii. The Surinam bark ; the bark of the Andiva inermis, a leguminous plant of the West Indies, an anthelmintic. € A B'B AGE-DAISY, n. The globe- flower. — which see. CABBAGE-PALM, «. The cabbage- tree, — which see. €AB'BAGE-ROSE, n. A species of rose, the Hosa centtfolia, of many varie- ties. €AB'BAGE-WOOD, n. Another name for partridge-wood, the timber of the Keisteria cocrinea. CABBALA, n. See Cabal, Cabala. CAB'IAI, n. [add.] The cabiai is now ranked in a distinct genus, of which it is the only species [Uydrockcerus capy- bara). CABINET, n. [add.] The collective body of ministers who direct the go- vernment of a nation or country ; a government council. — In Great Britain, the cabinet consists essentially of the prime-minister, who is the head of it. the lord-chancellor, the three secre- taries of state for home, colonial, and foreign affairs, and the chancellor of the exchequer. These, in their collec- tive capacity, are called also the admi- nistration, the ministry, his (her) ma- jesty's ministers, or the government. They are styled by way of eminence, cabinet ministers, and are more im- mediately responsible for the acts of the sovereign, as well as for public measures. Other heads of public de- partments may also be called upon to take a seat in the cabinet, as the first lord of the admiralty, the postmaster- general, the president of the board of control, the president of the board of trade, the paymaster-general, the lord privy-seal, the master of the mint. CABINET-COUNCIL, n. [add.] A council of cabinet-ministers held with privacy to deliberate upon public affairs. CABLE, n. [add.] In vessels of this country chain-cables have now greatly superseded rope-cables. — Cable-bemh, small ropes for fastening the ends of a rope-cable, so as to secure the knot by which it is attached to the anchor-ring. CA'BLE, p. ^ To fasten with a cable. — In arch., to till the tiutes of columns with cables, or cylindrical pieces. CA'BLED, a. [add.] Having the archi- tectural ornament called a cable. CABOCEER', n. In Western Africa, the name given to local governors ap- pointed by the king over towns or districts. CAB'RIT, n. The prong-horned ante- lope of North America {Antilocapra furcifera) is so named by the hunters. CACA'O, n. [add.] This name is gener- ally applied to the bruised seeds of the Theobroma cacao, which, when reduced to a paste, mixed with sugar and fla- voured with vanilla, form chocolate. It is usually corrupted into cocoa, on ac- count of which it is frequently supposed to be obtained from the cocoa-nut palm. CACA'O-NUTS, n. The fruit of the Theobroma cacao. [See Tiieobroma.J CACA'O-TREE,* «. A tree of the CACA'O, ) genus Theobroma, the T. cacao. [See Theobroma.] CACCIlE.f V. t. To catch. [Chaucer.] CACHiE'MTA, n. [Gr. Kax»',. bad, and &,tlJM., blood.] A vitiated state of the blood. CACHET , n. (cashay'.) [add.] Lettres de cachet were letters proceeding from, and signed by the kings of France, and countersigned by a secretary of state. They were at first made use of occasion- ally as a means of delaying the course of justice, but as warrants for the de- tention of private citizens, and for de- priving them of their personal liberty, they appear to have been rarely em- ployed before the I7th century. During the reign of Louis XIV. their use be- came frightfully common, and by means of them persons were imprisoned for life, or for a long period, on the most frivolous pretexts. In the reign of Louis XV. they were openly sold by the mistress of one of tlie ministers. Thev were abolished at the Revolution. CACHEX'IA, n. See Cachexy. CACHEX'Y, H. [add.] Any chronic morbid affection of the functions de- pendent on the great sympathetic nerve, not including fever orintiamma- tion, CACIQUE', n. (caseek'.) The Mexican word from which cazique is derived. [See Cazique.] CACOCHYM'XA,n. 5ee Cacochymt. CAC'ODYLE, n. See Kakodule in Diet., now generally written Kakodyle. CACOETHES, 71. [add.] A bad quality or disposition in disease. CACOETHES SCRIBEN DL [L.] A diseased propensity for writing; an itch for authorship. CACOPHO'NIOUS, a. [See Caco- phony.] Sounding harshly; cacophon- ous. CACOPH'ONOUS, a. Harsh sound- ing ; relating to cacophony. CACOTU ELIXE, n. A compound formed by the action of nitric acid upon brncine. CACOX'ENE, \n. [Gr. xclko,, and CACOX'ENITE, f $;.<.,-.] A mineral occurring in yellowish, radiating tufts, and consisting of phosphoric acid, with alumina, fluoric acid, and water. CACTA'CE.E, n. The Indian tig tribe, a nat. order of dicotyledonous plants. The species are succulent shrubs, usually without leaves, and with spinous buds; the fruit is succulent, and very similar m its properties to that of Grossulacea;, but destitute of the excessive acridity of some gooseben-ies and currants. All the species are American, and are abundant in the tropical regions of that country. The principal genera are Melocactus, Echinocactus, Opuntia, and Mammillaria. CACTA'CEOtS, a. Relating to or re- sembling the cactus. CACTUS, n. [add.] The old name of a group uf plants once considered to form a single genus, but now divided into several, and elevated to the rank of a natural order, Cactaceffi, — which see, CAD, n. [From Scotch, cadie, a boy; a boy or person who may be employed in running of errands, or in any inferior sort of work.] A boy or person who attends at the door of an omnibus; an assistant to a coachman ; a runner or messenger. CAD, 71. Cadger; a vulgar fellow. CADAS'TER, n. [Fr. cadastre; a word of uncertain etymology. Some derive it from the Greek, i.e., ««ra, relating to, and ffTijiiw, to deprive; bereave {which see)\ take trom those who cannot show a 74 title. Bescherelle derives t!ie term from the low Lat. capitas, containing, or contents.] In Louisiana law, a. de- tailed survey of the lands of a country, their extent, divisions, and subdivisions, nature of culture, &c. Tlie Domes- day book is a kind of cadaster, and the only one England has ever had. CADAVERIC, a. Relating to a dead body; relating to the changes induced in a corpse by putrefaction; as, cada- veric phenomena. CAD'DIS-GARTER, n. A garter of ferret. [Shak.] CA'DENCE,^n. [add.] In music, the CA'DENCY, J close of a musical pas- sage or phrase, or the resoluti-in of a dissonant chord into a consonant one. Also, an extemporaneous addition made by the performer at the end of a piece of music. — A perfect cadence is com- posed of the chord of the dominant, followed by that of the tonic, likewise of the chord of the dominant seventh, followed by that of the tonic. — An im- perfect cadence consists of the chord of the tonic, followed by that of the do- minant, but rarely occurs as a final close. — The inten-upted or deceptioc cadence, is formed by a chord quite foreign to that which was expected, thus evading the close, and deceiving expectation. — The plagal cadence con- sists of the chord of the subdominant, followed by that of the tonic, occa- sionally used in sacred music. CADEN'ZA, n. [add.] A musical ca- dence; an addition made by the per- former at the end of an air or con- certo. CADET', n. [add.] One who is trained up for the army by a course of military discipline, at Woolwich, Addiscombe, &c., previous to obtaining a commission in the East India Company's service. €'AD(j'Y, a. Lively; frisky; wanton. [Scotch.'] CADMIUM, n. [add.] This metal oc- curs in the form of carbonate, as an in- gredient in various kinds of calamine, or carbonate of zinc. It is also fount! in the form of sulphuret, as the rare mineral greenockite, and to the extent of 5 per cent, in some kinds of sul- phuret of zinc. In all its relations it is very analogous to zinc, and is almost invariably associated with it. When strongly heated in the air, it burns, forming oxide. Like zinc, it forms only one oxide, chloride, sulphuret, &c. CADMIUM-YELLOW, n. A pigment prepared from the sulphuret of cad- mium. It is of an intense yellow colour, and possesses much body. C^CIL'IA, ) 71. A genus of ophidian CCECIL'IAj reptiles, in which the eyes are either very small or entirely absent. At first sight the species seem to have a naked skin, but minute scales have been discovered by Cuvier on dis- secting the skin. C^'CUM, n. [L. cfficits, blind.] In anat.. the blind intestine {caput coli), so named from its being prolonged in- feriorly under the form of a cul-de-sac, or closed tube. CAER. See Car. C^SA'RIAN SECTION, \ n. In CiESARE'AN OPERATION, J sur- gery, the operation by which the fetus is taken out of the uterus by an inci- sion through the parietes of the abdo- men, ^vheu the obstacles to delivery are so great as to leave no other alterna- tive. C^ES'PITOSEj a. See Cespitose. CALAMAGROSTIS CALANDRA CALCULnS C^SU'RAL, a. Pertaining to the ccesura or cesura. C^T'ERIS-PAR'IBUS. [L.] Other things beingequal in like circumstances. €AF'FRE, \ n. [Arabic, whence Caf- KAF'FRE, / fraria in Africa.] An un- believer; a name given to a people in South Africa, who reject the Maho- metan faith. CAHIER', n, [Fr.] IJteralbj, a number of sheets of paper put loosely together; but now applied to the sui^cessive por- tions of a work, when printed in parts or numBers. €A'I€, ) n. [Fr. caique.'] A skiff bc- €A'IQUE,j longing to a galley; a galley-boat. €AICK'LING,ppr. Cackling. [Scotch.] €AILL'IACHS, n. plur. [Gael.] Old women. CaIMA€AN', n. A Turkish word for alieutenant or a lieutenant-governor. C AIMED, pp. or a. (kaimed.) Combed. [Scotch.] €A"ING-WHALE, n. [Catling-whah.] A small species of whale, not uncom- mon among the Orkney and Shetland islands, where it often proves a great prize, as the species goes in herds, and when it gets into shallow water, its companions follow it; whence the name. It is the Delphinus melas, or D. deductor of naturalists. CA-IRA. (sa'-era'.) [Fr. "It (the revo- lution) shall go on. "J The burden of a French revolutionary song, made by the revolutionists about 1789 or 1790 CAISSON', ) n. [add.] 1. A vessel in CAISOON', j the form of a boat, used as a flood-gate in docks. — 2. An appa- ratus used for docking vessels while at their moorings, without removingstores or masts. It consists of a large tank, surrounded by an air-receptacle capable of sustaining its whole weight. By fill- ing it with water, and allowing a small quantity to enter the air-receptacle, the caisson is sunk to the depth of the ves- sel's keel, under which it is then drawn, and the water being pumped out, the .ship is entirely raised out of the water CAI'TIFF, a. Belonging to a caitiff; servile; base. CArTIFFLY, adu. Knavishly; ser- vilely; basely. €ArTIVE,ta. Servile; base; caitiff. CAJ'EFUT, n. [add.] This oil is ob- tained from the Melaleuca cajeputi, or cajeput-tree of Roxburgh. It is anti- spasmodic, stimulant, and sudorific, and is said to be a remedy in Asiatic cholera. The word Is from the Malay, and should be written kd^u lulih. €AJOLE'MENT, n. Cajolery. [Rar. us.] CAKE, n. [add.] A silly, soft, coaxing person ; a spoiled child. CAKED, pp. Formed into a hard flat mass. CAKI'LE, ?!. (kaki'ley.) A genus of cruciferous plants. The species are smooth, fleshy, glaucous, annual branched herbs, with pinnatifid or toothed leaves. C. maritima, purple sea-rocket, is a native of Britain. [See Sea-Rocret.] There are two other species, C. Americana, and C. ccqualis, all pretty annuals. CAKING, ppr. Forming into a hard flat mass. CaK'ING, n. The act of forming into concretions. CAK'ODYLE. See Kakodule. CAKODYL'IC. .See Kakodvuc. CALAMAGROS'TIS, n. [Gr. ««x«^„, and aj-jjj-r.'t.] Small-reed, a genus of grasses, separated fromthegenus Amn- do, Linn. The species are mere weeds. Three species are enumerated by Bri- tish botanists. CAL'AMINE, 71. [add.] An impure carbonate of zinc. CALAMIN'THA.n. A genus of plants, nat. order Lamiaceae. Five species are British, viz., C. nepota, lesser calamint; C. officinalis, common calamint; C. syhatica, wood-calamint; C. acinos, common basil-thyme; and C. clinopo- dium, common wild-basil. They all contain a volatile oil. CAL'AMIST,t n. A piper; one who plays on a reed or pipe. CAL'AMITE, instead of CAL'AMIT, n. [add.] A genus of fossil plants, stri- ated and jointed. It is one of the most frequent and characteristic genera of fossil plants, and occurs abundantly in the carboniferous system of strata, and generally in the sandstones and shales which alternate with coal. These plants are considered to have been allied to the Equisetaceae. CALAMOPH'ILUS, n. [Gr. »«*.,»«,, a reed, and ^iAof, a friend.] A subgenus of birds, separated from the titmice. One species (C. biarmicus), the bearded tit- mouse, is a native of Britain, frequent- ing reedy districts. CAL'AMUS, n. [add.] In hot., a genus of palms, the different species of which constitute the rattan-canes of com- merce. This genus holds a middle station between the grasses and palms, vrith the habit of the former and the inflorescence of the latter. The species are principally found in the hotter parts of the East Indies ; the stems of C. verus, C. ohlongus, C. rudentum, and C. extensus, grow to the length of from 100 to GOO feet; they are extensively used for the sake of their hard flinty coating, being readily split into strips, from which the bottoms of chairs and similar articles are manufactured. The resin called dragon's blood is chiefly yielded by C. petraius, C. rudentum, C. verus, and C. Slumeana. C. zalacca (now called Zalacca Wallichiana) is cultivated for its fruit, which is about the size of a walnut. CAL'AMUS SCRIPTO'RIUS, n. [L.] In anat., a groove of a pen-like ap- pearance upon the anterior wall or floor of the fourth ventricle. Its pen- like appearance is produced by the divergence of the posterior median columns, the feather by the lineca trans- versa^. CALAN'DRA, n. A genus of coleop- terous insects, belonging to the section Rhynchophora, and family Curculioni- dse. Some of the minute species commit great havock in granaries, both in their larva and perfect state. They are very CoKN-wimvu., Cutandra ijraTiaria. Fig. I, natural size. Fig. B, mogriifled. numerous, and among them is the well- known corn- weevil (,C. granaria). The gru-gru worm, which destroys palm- trees in South America, is the larva of a large species of calandra; this grub 7,") is eagerly sought for by the natives, ! who eat it when cooked. €AL A'THIAN-VI'OLET, n. A peren- nial species of genti.in. the Gentiana pneumonanthe. CALCAIRE'-GROSSIER, n. [Fr] The coarse calcareous building-stone of Paris. It forms an extensive stratum, or rather series of strata, in the Paris basin, and belongs to the eocene tertiary period. CAL'CAR, n. [add.] In bat., a spur ; a hollow projection from the base of a petal having usually a conical figure. It is the nectart/ of Linn. CALCA'REOUS EARTH, n. A term formerly applied to lime. CALCA'REOUS GRIT, n. In geol., a subdivision of the middle oolitic for- mation. CALCA'REOUS ROCK,n. Limestone. CALCA'REOUS SOIL, n. Soil of which lime forms a principal compo- nent part. CALCA'REOUS TDFA, n. An allu- vial deposit of carbonate of lime, formed generally by springs, which, issuing through limestone-strata, hold in solution a portion of calcareous earth ; this they deposit on coming in contact with air and light. CAL'CES, or CALX'ES, n. [L. plur. of calx.] A name formerly applied to oxides, from their earthy character, resembling lime. [See Calx.] CAL'CINATORY, or CALCIN'- ATORY, n. CALCINE', or CAL'CINE, v. t. CALCINE', or CAL'CINE. CALCIN'ED, or CAL'CINED, pp. CALCIN'ING,or CAL'CINING,;)pr. CALC'-TUFF, 71. [add.] See Calca- reous Tufa in this Siip/i. CAL'CULaTING MACHINES. Ma- chines or contrivances by which the results of arithmetical operations may be obtained by inspection, such as the Roman abacus, Napier's bones, the sliding rule, the machine invented by Mr. Babbage. This latter machine has never yet been completed. It is in- tended not only to perform arithmeti- cal operations with absolute certainty, but also to transfer the results imme- diately to copperplates, from which any number of copies may be printed with- out a possibility of error. CALC'ULED.tpp. Calculated. [Oiau- cer.] CAL'CULI, 71. [L. plui'. of calculus, — which see.] CAL'CULUS, 71. [add.] In pathol, a general term for inor.ganic concretions of various kinds, formed in various parts of the body, and bearing a general resemblance, or shape, or composition to stones. Those concretions formed in the gall-bladder are called biliarv calculi, or gall-stones ; those formed by a morbid deposition from the urine in the kidney or bladder, are called urinary calculi; those found \i\ the substance of the hings, or in the ramifications of the bronchi, are called pulmonary cal- culi; and those formed in the salivary glands, or their ducts, are called sali- vary calctdi. There are also gouty concretions, called arthritic calculi, and others called pnnrreatic cilculi, lacliru- mal calculi, spermatic calculi, &c. Calculus of functions, that branch of mathematical analysis which investi- gates the form of a function, and not its value in any pai-ticularca.se, nor the conditions under which it may have a particular value. Thus, the calculus of C-VLLE CALORIFER CALYSTEGIA functions may be considered as simi- larly related to algebra as algebra is to arithmetic. [5ee Function.] — Calcu- lus of variations. [See under Varia- tion.] €AL'EDO>'ITE, n. A blue, or green- ish-blue mineral, a cupreous sulphato- carbonate of lead. It is found in at- tached crystals, with other compounds of sulphate and carbonate of oxide of lead, at Leadhills in Scotland. €ALEFA€'TOR, h. A small cooking- stoTe. e ALEF A€ TORY, n. A warming-room in a monastery. €ALEMBEKRE', n. A species of Co- romandel wood, of a lighter colour than the calamander. and striped. It is a scarce wood, and is found only in Cey- lon. €AL'EArBOURG, n. [Fr.,fipom a Ger- man, Count Kahlemberg, noted for his blunders in the French language.] A pun ; a witticism. CALENDAR, n. [add.] In criminal courts, a list of criminal causes which stand for trial ; as, a heavy calendar; a light calendar. G-ALENDA'RIAL,a. Belonging to the calendar. CALEN'DRICAL, a. Pertaining to a calendar. CALF'-WAR0,n. Aplace where calves are kept in the field. [Scotch.] CAL'IATOUR-"\VOOD, n. A kind of dye-wood which grows in India on the Coromandel coast. It is sometimes confounded with red sandal-wood. CALICXLAR, a. [L. calix, a cup.] Formed like a cup. CALI'GO, n. [L. darkness.] A disease of the eye, imparting dimness, cloudi- ness, obscurity. — In entom., a genus of South American buttertiies. CALIPASH', In. [add.] In cookery, ■CALIPEE', f ca^iposA is that part of a turtle which belongs to the upper shell ; and calipee, that part which be- longs to the lower shell. CALLIPER, n. Same as Caliber, or Calibre. €AL'IPERS, ) n.Com- CAL'IPER COMPASSES,) passes with curved legs, for measuring the cali- ber or diameter of round bodies. [See Caliber.] CAL'IPH, n. See Calif. CAL'IPHATE, n. See Califate. CAL'IPHSHIP, n. The office of a ca- liph; caliphate. CALIP'PIC PERIOD, n. In ancient chronologv, a correction of the metonic cycle of niueteen solar years, proposed by Calippus. At the end of four of these cycles, there is an excess of one day and six hours over the number of lunations. Calippus, therefore, pro- posed to quadruple the metonic cycle, and deduct a day from the end of it, by reducing the days of one of the months from thirty to twenty-nint. CALL. n. [add.] Call of the House, a parliamentary phrase implying an im- perative summons sent to every mem- ber of the House, to be present at a stated time, for the consideration of some important measure, or for ascer- taining what members are absent with- out leave or just cause. CAL'LAN, ) n. A young lad; a fine CAL'LAXT,) fellow. [Scotch.] €ALL'-BIRf), n. A bird taught to al- lure others into a snare, as the linnet, goldfinch, &c. €ALLE,t «. [Fr.] A sort of cap. \Cliaucer.\ eAL'LER, a. 1. Cool; refreshing.— 2. Fresh ; in proper season ; as opposed to what is beginning to corrupt, in consequence of being too long kept, or , is actually in a state of putridity ; as, ' caller herrings. [Scotch.] CALLEVA, n. Roman name for Sil- chester. i:\L1AD, a. [L. callidus.] Hardened in craft ; shrewd. [Rar. us.] €AL'LIDNESS,t n. Shrewdness: cal- liditv. CALLIG'RAPHER, n. One skilled in calligraphy. CALLIGRAPHIC, ) a.Relatingto €ALLIGRAPH'IC.AX,) calligraphy. CALLIG'RAPHIST, n. One skilled in calligraphy. CALLIG'RAPHY, n. [add.] The art of beautiful writing; polite literature. €ALLIMAN'€0, n. See Cala- manco. CAL'LIXG, n. [add.] Name. [Shak] CAL'LING-CRAB. n. Gelasimus, a genus of crabs found in tropical coun- tries. The males have one of the claws much larger than the other. This, when disturbed, they hold up before \ them, as if beckoning or calling upon i some one. "With the large claw they ) close up the mouth of their burrow. CALL'IPASH,! c,, r,„„.,„ CALL'IPEE. \ ^'^ Calipash. ■CALLIS'THENICS, n. See Calis- thenics. CALLIS'TUS, n. A genus of coleopte- rous insects of the family Harpalidte. Only one species is known, C. lunatusy found almost aU over Europe, and con- spicuous from its beauty, hence its name CAL'LITRICHE, n. A genus of plants. [See Star-Wort.] ■CALLOS'OMA, n. See Calosoma. CAL'LOT, n. A cap. [See Calotte.] CALOCHOR'TDS, n. A beautiful ge- nus of bulbous plants, nat. order Lili- aceae. Several species have been intro- duced into England from California. CALOPHYL'LUM,n.Agenusof plants, nat. order Guttifers. The species are trees, the leaves of which have nume- rous transverse parallel veins, which give them a very beautiful appearance, hence the name. C. inophi/llum, an East Indian species, exudes a yellow viscid juice, nsed for medical purposes. The nuts afford a fixed oil which is used for burning in lamps, for making ointment, &c. C calaha, calaba-tree, is a native of the Caribbee Islands, and >ields one form of the resin called ta- camahaca. CALORIC, n. [add.] Sensible or free caloric, that which produces the sensa- tion of heat, or affects the thermometer. — Insensible caloric, the same as latent heat, — which see. — Speeijic caloric, the relative proportion of caloric which any body retains, without the effects being sensible ; or, it is the quantity of thermometric heat required to raise similar quantities of different bodies to the same temperature. That quality of bodies, by which they require differ- ent quantities of heat to raise them to the same temperature, is called their capacity for caloric ; thus, water has a capacity for caloric three times greater than mercury. — Absolute caloric, the total amount of heat in bodies. [See Heat.] CALORIFER, n. [L. calor, heat, and fero, to bear.] An apparatus for con- vering and distributing heat; a term particulai'ly applied to an apparatus for 76 heating conservatories, kc, by means of hot water circularing in tubes. ■CALORIFICATION, n. The produc- tion of heat, especially animal heat. CALORIFICIENT, n. [h. calor, heat, and facio, to make.] Heat-producing. A term applied by physiologists to materials of food, of which the basis is carbon, as fat, gum, sugar, starch, and which are believed to be expended in the production of heat in the svstem. CALORIMO TOR, instead of €ALO- RIM'OTOR. CALOR MOR'DICANS, n. [L. a biting heat.] A term applied to a dan- gerous symptom in typhus, in which there is a biting and pungent heat upon the skin. CALQUE, V. t. To calk,— wjAicA see. CALQ'UING, n. [It. calcare.] Copying a drawing, by rubbing over its back some dry colouring material in fine powder, such as red-lead, or black- chalk, laring this side on a sheet of paper, and then tracing over the lines of the drawing with a blunt pointed instrument. CALUM'BINE, n. The bitter principle of calumba. CALUM'BO, n. See Calcmba. CALVAHIA, n. [L.ca/fU5,bald.] The upper part of the cranium ; the skull. CALYI'TIES, n. [L. from calvus, bald.] Baldness. CAL'YCES, n. [L. plur. of cali/x.] In anai., small membranous cup-like pouches, which invest the points of the papillse of the kidney. Their anion forms the infundibula. CAL'YCLE, n. [add.] In zool., a term applied to the small cup-like pro- minences, containing each a polype- shell, covering the surface of many corals. CAL'YCULE, n. [L. cahjculus, a little calyx.] The membranaceous border surrounding the apex of a seed ; a little calvx exterior to another proper one. CALYM'ENE, n. A genus of fossil tri- lobites, found in the Silurian rocks. C-ALYP'SO, n. A genus of North Ame- rican plants, nat. order Orchidaceae. CALYP TER, n. In bot. [See Caltp- C.AX'yPTORHYN'CHUS, n. [Gr. ;r«- A^TTw, to conceal, and pvyz'^-' * snout or bill.j A genus of New Holland birds, belonging to the parrot family. One of the best-known species is Banks' cockatoo, C. Sanksii. The species are chiefly dark -coloured, with some red or yellow marks on the T^nngs and tail. CALYP'TRA, n. [add.] According to Lindley, the calppfra of mosses is that part of the membranous covering in- closing the sporangium or theca (cap- sule), which, when the membrane bursts around, as the theca approaches matu- rity, is carried up and sustained on the summit of the latter. The same name is given to a hood-like body connected in some other plants with the organs of fructification, in the genus PUean- thus it covers over the flower, and is formed of united bracts ; in Eucalyptus and Eudesmia it is simply a lid or oper- culum to the stamens; in Jungerman- nia it exists in the form of a cup or ^Tapper at the base of the fruit-stalk, which, instead of carrying it up upon its point, pierces through its apex, and leaves it behind. €ALYSTE'6lA, it. A genus of plants, composed of species formerly included under Convolvulus. The species are lactescent, glabrous, twining, or pros- CAMELOPARDALUS CAMPANTJLAEIA CAM-WHEEL f, a, Calyy,. Cam fill. trate herbs, with solitary one-flowered peduncles. Two British species, C. sepium, and C. soldanella, are known by the name of bindweed. GAL'yX, n. [add.] The calyx is tlie most exterior integument of a flower, consisting of several verticillate leaves, called se2>als, united by their marglas, or distinct, usually of a green colour, and of a less deli- cate texture than the corol. In some plante the calyx grows to the sides of the ovary, ex- cept, perhaps, a small portion at the extremity, in which case it is termed superior, but when it is quite separate from the ovary it is called inferior. — In anat. {See Calyces.] CAM, n. Slisplaced : see after Campy- lus. €AMAIL',n. [Fr.J Inarwient armour, a guard for the throat of chain- mail, worn by knights in the 14th century, so called from its resemblance to the tippets of camel's-hair then much in fashion. tjAMAY'EU,) n. [Vr.camaieu.] Mono- CAMAI'EU, ) chrome painting, or painting with a single colour, varied only by the effect of chiaro-oscuro. Pictures in two or three tints, where the natural hues of the objects are not copied, may also be called en camaieu. We speak of brown, red, yellow, green, and blue camaieus, according to their principal colours. €AM'BER, n. [add.] In arch., an arch on the top of an aperture, or on the top of a beam. — Camber-window, a window arched at the top. •CAM'BIAL, a. Belonging to exchanges in commerce. CAMBISTRY, n. The science of ex- change, weights, measm-es, &c. CAM'BIUM, n. In bot. [See Cams.] CAMBRIAN GROUP, n. In geolU ^Velsh group of rocks, constituting the upper of the clay-slate series, and com- prising the Snowdon rock, tho Bala limestone, and the Plinlimmon rocks. CAM'BRIC, n. [add.] Cambric is also made of fine cotton-yarn, hard twisted. CAMEL-BIRD, n. A name applied to the ostrich. CAMELI'NA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Cruciferae. C. sativa, gold of pleasure, has pear-shaped pouches and small yellow flowers. It is found in Britain, growing in cultivated fields, chiefly among flax. CAM'ELINE,t "■ [Fr. camelot.] Cam- let ; a stuft' made of camel's - hair. [Chaucer.] CAM EL-INSECT, ) n. Names given CAlI'EL-LOeCST, ) to orthopterous msects of the genus Mantis, from the long thorax resembling the elongated neck of the quadruped. CAMEL'OPARD, or CAM'ELO- PARD. CAM:ELOrAR'DALUS, n. The Ca- melopard or Giraffe, a northern con- stellation formed by HeveUus. It is situated between Cepheus, Perseus, Ursa Major and Minor, and Draco, and contains thirty-two stars. CAM'EL'S-HAIR, n. The hair of the camel, imported into this country chiefly for the manufacture of fine pen- cils for drawing and painting. CAME'LUS, n. The generic name of the camel, including two species, C bactrianus and C. dromedarius. CAM'EO, n. [add.] Instead of bivalve shells read univalve. The inner strata of porcellanous shells are sometimes differently coloured from the outer; the makers of shell-cameos in this way get white or rose-coloured figures on a dark ground. Two or three species of cassis and strombus are employed. As many as 300,000 specimens of tho Strombus gigas were imported from the Bahamas to Liverpool in 1850, for the manufacture of cameos, and for the porcelain- works. CAM'EO, ) n. [add.] Camayeu, or CAMA'YEU, V Camaieu, are not pro- CAMA'IEU, ) periy applied to stones cut in relief, but to painting with a single colour. — See above. CAMERO'NIAN, n. A name given to the followers of Richard Cameron, in Scotland, who refused to accept the indulgence granted to the Presbyterian clergy in the persecuting times of Charles II., lest by so doing they should be understood to recognize his eccle- siastical authority. They form what is now called the Reformed Presbyterian Church. CAMES, n. Small slender rods of cast- lead in glazing, twelve or fourteen inches long, of which, by drawing them separately through a species of vice, the glaziers make their turned lead for receiving the glass of casements. CAMISA'DO, n. A loose garment like a shirt. CAM'ISaTED, a. Dressed with a shirt outward, or above the other gar- ments. CAM'ISE, n. [Sp. camisiac.'] A shirt. CAM'MOCK,insteadofCAM'MOC,n. See Ononis. CAM'OUFLET, n. (cam'ouflay.) [Fr.] In military mining, a small charge of powder sunk in the wall of earth, be- tween two parallel galleries, in order, by blowing the earth into one of them, to suffocate or cut off the retreat of the miner who is at work in it. It is also caUed a stifler. CAMPAG'NA, n. [It.] A champaign ; a large open plain ; an extensive tract of level ground ; a campaign. CAMPA'NjE, \n. The drops or CAMPAN'UL^, ] gutta; of the Doric architrave. CAMPAN'ERO,n. Thebell-bird(Proc- nias carunculata) of South America, so called from the bell-like sound of its voice. It is one of the few birds which is heard during the day in the forests of Demerara. CAMPANOL'OGIST, n. A bell-ringer. CAMPAN'ULA, n. [add.] A genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Cam- panulacese. It is one of the largest and most showy in the vegetable king- dom. The species are herbaceous, with bell-shaped flowers, and usually of a blue or white colour. Ten species are enumerated by British florists, of which the most interesting is the C. rotundi- folia, bluebeU or harebell. [See Hake- bell.] Most of the species of Cam- panula are worth cultivating on ac- count of their beautiful flowers. CAMPANULA'RIA, n. A genus of] 77 zoophytes in which the polype-cells as- sume a bell-shape. CAMP-BED'STEAD, n. A bedstead made to fold up within a narrow space, aS used in war ; a tressel bedstead. CAMPEPH-AGA, n. [Gr. «o=^t,, a ca- terpillar, and fs^yu, I eat.] A genus of passerine birds found in Asia and Africa, where there are several species, which live chiefly on caterpillars. These birds have the rump-feathers with stiff shafts. CAM'PHENE, n. [add.] The liquid so called, and used for camphene-lamps, is highly rectified spirits of turpentine. Ordinary spirits of turpentine leaves a stain upon paper, and becomes viscid on exposure to the air, owing to the presence of some balsam. When freed from this it is called camphene. It is then highly evaporable, and leaves no stain. CAM'PHINE, n. A spirit for burning in lamps, said to consist of oil of tur- pentine with a species of naphtha. CAM'PHO(>EN, n. A colourless Mquid procured by distilling camphor with anhydrous phosphoric acid. It is a carbo - hydrogen, and occurs naturally in the oil of cumin. [See Camphene.] CAMPHOL'ie ACID, n. An acid ob- tained when camphor is passed in va- pour over a heated mLxture of hydrates of potash and lime. It has the con- sistence of camphor, but contains two parts more of hydrogen and oxygen. CAM'PHOR-OLL, n. [add.] This sub- stance is obtained in Borneo and Su- matra from the Dryobalanops cam- phora. It is supposed to be camphor in an imperfect state of formation. CAMP'ION, n. [add.] In bot., bladder- campion is the Silene inflata ; sea- campion, the Silene maritima; moss- campion, the iSVfene acaulis; red alpine- campion, the Lychnis alpina ; red or rose campion, the Lychnis sylvestris; and white campion, the Lychnis vespcr- tina. [See Silene and Lychnis.] CAMP'- MEETINGS, n. Religious meetings among the Methodists, held in the open air {campus) in Britain and America. CAMP'ONG, n. A native village in the islands of the Eastern Archipelago. CAMP'-STOOL, n. Aseat or stool with cross legs, which folds up when not used. CAMP'- VINEGAR, n. A mixture of ■vinegar with Cayenne pepper, soy, walnut-ketchup, anchovies, and garlic. CAMPULIT'ROPODS, CAMPYL- OT'ROPOUS, instead of CAM'PU- LITROPOUS, CAM'PYLOTEO- POUS. CAMPYLODIS'CUS, n. In bot., a genus of diatomaceous plants, of which the frustules are saddle-shaped. CAMPYLOP'TERUS, n. A genus of humming-birds, with large sickle - shaped wings. CAMSTE'RIE, ) a. Forward; per- CAMSTAI'RIE,)' verse; unmanage- able. [Scotch.] CAM'-STONES, n. Small concretions found in some clay-beds near Glasgow. They are oblate, generally of an oblong figure, and all lie in a horizontal posi- tion. Cam-stone is also the name given in Scotland to the mineral of which pencils are formed for ciphering on slate. CA'MUS. See Camis. CAM'USE.t a. [Fr.] Camous; flat. [Chauco".] CAM'-WHEEL, J2. A wheel formed so CANCER CANNA CANT as to move eccentrically, and produce a reciprocating and interrupted motion in some other part of machinery con- nected with it. [See Cam after Cam- PYLUS.] €AM'-WOOD, n. [add.] This dye-wood is said to be the produce of the Baphia nitida. It is used by turners for making knife-handles, and by cabinet-makers for ornamental knobs to furniture. €AN,t r. t. [add.] To feel; to see; to perceive; to understand; to know hovr to do anything; to be able; to have the ability or power. [See Ca\, v. ?.] CAN. Often used in old writers for gan or began. CANADA -RICE, n. The Zizania aquatica, a plant growing in deep water, along the edges of ponds and sluggish streams, in the northern states of America and Canada. CANAL', n. [add.] In anat., any cylin- drical or tubular cavity in the body, whether occupied by a solid, fluid, or aeriform substance ; as, the canal of the spine, the semicircular canals of the internal ear, the ciliary canal. Sec. — In conchol.y a groove observed in different parts of certain spiral shells, belonging to the Zoophaga, and adapted for the protrusion of the long cylindrical si- phon possessed by those animals. CANAL'-BOAT, n. A boat used on ' canals for convening goods or passen- gers. CANALIF'ERA, n. Atribeof zoopha- gous univalves or gastropods, of which the shell is characterized by a long straight canal terminating its mouth. CANALIZA'TION, n. The construc- tion of canals. CANA'RY,t V. i. To dance; to frolic; to perform the old dance called a canary. CANA'RT-BIRD, n. [add.] The FHn- giUa canariay Linn., and the Carduelis canaria, Cuv. CANARY-FINCH, n.Thecanary-bird. CANA'RY-WOOD,H. A woodof a light orange colour, straight and close in the grain, adapted for the purposes of the cabinet-maker and turner. It is im- ported into England from the Brazils, under the name of Madeira mahogany. It is probably the wood of Laurus in- dica. CAN'CEL, 7?. In printing^ the suppres- sion and reprinting of a page or more of a work ; the part thus altered, CANCELLA'REATE, a. Belonging to a chancellor. CANCELLA'RIA, n. A genus of uni- valve Testacea, in which the shell ia turbinate, scabrous, and generally reti- culated; the spire and aperture nearly equal, and the body ventricose. CAK'CER, n. [add.] The term Cancer was applied by Linna?us to a very ex- tensive genus of animals, correspond- ing to the first three orders of Cuvier's class Crustacea, and including the crab, lobster, shrimp, crayfish, kc. Tiie term is now confined to a genus of Crus- tacea, including only the common European crab (C. paywrus), and a few allied species found in North and South America and New Zealand. — In surgery, cancer exists under two forms, one of which is termed schimis or oc- cult cancer, and the other cancer, pro- perly so called, that is, ulcerated or open cancer. Cancer is seated chietly in parts which have a glandular struc- ture. It is much more frequent in the female than the male. Its most com- mon seat in the female is the breast, and in the male the lips. In an ad- vanced stage of the schirrus, the cuta- neous veins enlarge, become what is termed varicose, and spread out over the livid and puckered skin iu such a manner, as to present some likeness to the body of a crab, with its claws ex- tended ; whence it has received the name of cancer. — Cancer-bandage, a bandage resembling a crab in the num- ber of its legs, and called the split- cloth of eight tails. — Tropic of Can- cer. [See Tropic] CAN'CERATED, pp. Grown can- cerous. CAN'CRED,ta. [5eeCANKER.] Cross; ill-natured. [Spenser.] C AN'CRINITE, n. In mineral, ^aothev name for nepheline. CANDELABRUM, n, [add.] Cande- lebra were used by the ancients both in their public edifices and private dwellings. CANDIDATE, n. Sig. 4. [add.] This signification is peculiar to America. CAN'DIDATESHIP, n. The state of a candidate. CAN'DLE, n. [add.] To hold the candle to onCy is to wait on him ; to render him some menial assistance; hence the phrase, "You are not fit to hold a candle to him," is equivalent to, You are not fit to be even his servant, or to render him the most tri\nal menial aid. CAN'DLE-€OAL, n. See Cannel- COAL. CANDLE-TREE OIL, n. A solid oil obtained from the berries of the candle- berry-tree, — ichich see. CAN 'DROY, n. A machine used in pre- paring cotton cloths for printing. ■CAN'DY-t:ARROT, n. A plant, the Athamanta Matthiola. CANDT-TUFT, n. Iberis, a genus of cruciferous plants. [See Iberis.] CAN'EL,t n. fFr. canale.^ Channel. \ Chaucer.'] CANE -MILL, n. A mill for grinding sugar-canes for the manufacture of sugar. [See Scgar-Mill.] CANE'VAS,t n. Canvas. [Chaucer.'] CAN'GICA-W'OOD, n. A wood of the rose-wood character, imported from the Brazils. It is lighter and of a yellower brown than rose-wood. It is imported in trimmed logs, from 6 to 10 inches diameter, for the use of the cabinet-maker and turner. CA'NID.^, n. The dog-tribe, a family of digitigrade carnivorous mammalia. It includes the dog, fox, wolf, and jackal. CAN'lFLEjf n. A small knife or dag- ger. ■CA'NIS, n. i)lur. Canes. [L.] A genus cf digitigrade mammalia, restricted in modern systems of zoology to the spe- cies of dog, wolf, and jackal; but by Linnaeus applied in a. wider sense, to include the fox and hyena. Of the domestic dog {Canis familiaris), there are many varieties. [See Dog.] CANISTER-SHOT, n. Same as Case- Shot, — tchich see. CANKER-BLOOM, > n. Flowers of CANK'ER-BLOSSOM,J the canker or dog rose. — Anything that corrodes or devours like a canker. [Shah.] CANKERED, pp. [add.] Eaten; cor- roded. CANNA, n. [add.] There are several species of this genus of plants, all of which are known by the name of In- dian shot. They are so named from their seeds, which are round, shining, hard, heavj-, resembling shot. C. tn- :s dica, C. patens, and C. coccinea are common plants within the tropics on all the continents. Their leaves are large and tough, and are employed for forming envelopes for articles of com- merce. The rootstock of C. edulis is used for making arrow-root. Nearly all the species contain starch in the rootstock, which renders them fit to be used as food after being cooked. CANNA. Cannot. [Scotch.] CANNEL--eOAL,\n. [add.] This CANDLE -COAL, I species of coal is found in most of the English col- lieries, especially at "Wigan in Lanca- shire. It is black, opaque, compact, and brittle, and breaks with a con- choidal fracture, but does not soil the fingers. When biu-ning, it splits and crackles, but does not cake. It is sometimes used for ink-holders and tovs. CAN'NIBAL, a. Relating to canni- balism ; as, cannibal barbarity. CAN NIL Y, adv. Skilfully ; cautiously, [Scotch.] CAN'NON, n. [add.] In m^rA., ahollow cylindricalpieceth^oughwhicharevolv- jDg shaft passes, and on which it is car- ried,and may revolve independently, and with a greater or less speed than that of the shaft. Ex- ample — the pro- ~ ^ — , ^ longation of the I eye of a wheel, when bored to fit a spindle or shaft, on which it is intended to work loose, is termed a cannon, as the part a of the wheel A, loose on the shaft b. CANNONEER', v. t. To cannonade. [Rar. us.] CAN'ON, n. [add.] This term is applied to express certain grammatical rules formed by the critics, and intended to serve as guides in criticism. It is also used for the rule of persons who are devoted to a life strictly religious, as monks and nuns; and it is likewise ap- plied to the book in which such rule was written. — Canon-law, a collection of ecclesiastical constitutions for the regulation of the church of Rome, con- sisting for the most part of ordinances of general and provincial councils, de- crees promulgated by the popes, with the sanction of the cardinals, and de- cretal epistles and bulls of the popes. There is also a canon-law for the regu- lation of the church of England, which, under certain restrictions, is used in the ecclesiastical courts, and in the courts of the two universities. — Canons of inheritance^ in laxc, are the rules directing the descent of real property throughout the lineal and collateral consanguinity of the ancestor, or, as he is technically called, the purchaser, CAN'ON, «. See Caxox-Bit. \Sptn^ ser.] CANONIC'ITY, n. The qnality of being canonical; the state of belong- ing to the canon or genuine books of Scripture. CAN ONiZER, n. One who canonizes. CANON-LAW, «. 5ee under Canox, CAN ON-LAWYER, n. One versed in the canon-law, CANT, n. [add.] Vulgar pretension without sincerity. CANT, n. [add.] An inclination from a horizontal line; as, to be on the cant. CANT, a. Vulgar; inelegant j affected; as, a *.ant word or phrase. CANT, f. t. In carpentry, a term used to express cutting off the angles of a CAK TONED CAP CAPITAL square body.— In arcli., canted is ap- plied to pillars, turrets, or towers, whose plan is a polygon. CANTAB', n. A contraction for Can- tabriijiemis, of or belonging to Cam- bridge ; also a colloquial term for a Cantahriijian. CANTAB ILE, instead of CANTA'- BILE. CANTABRI6IAN, a. Relating to Cambridge or its university, CAN'TALOUPE,! n. A small round CAN'TALEUP, ) variety of musk- nieloft, globular, ribbed, of pale green or yellow colour, and of a very delicate flavour. CANTANK'EROUS, a. \Con, and tanherousj frctfiU.] Vile in the highest degree ; contentious ; disputatious. [Local. \ CAN'TATOKY, a. Containing cant or affectation •, whining ; singing. [Rar. us.~\ CANTA'TRICES, l7i. Dr. MacgUli- CANTATO'RES, f vray's names for an order of musical birds; as the orioles, thrushes, warblers, wrens, &c. CANTEEN', n. |add.J In the British army, a small wooden vessel capable of containing three pints of liquor, which is carried by each soldier on the march, on foreign service, or in the field. Also a square box, fitted up with compart- ments, in which officers on foreign ser- vice pack a variety of articles, as spirit- bottles, tea and sugar, plates, knives, forks, &c. The same name is given to a place in barracks where provisions, liquors, coffee, &c., are sold to non- commissioned officers and privates. CAN TEL, n. The hind bow of a sad- dle ; that which is added above mea- sure ; a piece of anything ; also written cantle. €AN'TEL,t ". See Cantle. [Chau- cer.] CAN'TELEUP, n. See Cantaloupe in this Supp. CANTERBURY, n. A receptacle for music, portfolios, loose papers, &c., being a stand with divisions. CANT ERBURY-GALLOP, n. The moderate gallop of a horse, commonly called a canter j said to be derived from the pilgrims ridiug to Canterbury at this pace. €ANTHAREL'LUS, n. A genus of fungi. C. cibarius is one of the best of our eatable mushrooms. CANTHAR'ID^, n. A family of cole- opterous insects of the section Trache- lides, the type of which is the genus Cantharis ; other genera ai'e Meloe and Mylabris. € AN'TH ARIS, v. [add.] The blistering- beetle or Spanish Hy is the Cantharis vesicatoria. CAN'THARUS, n. A genus of acan- thopterygious osseous fishes, inliabiting chiefly the Mediterranean and Atlantic. C'. griseus, Cuv., is the black bream of Montagu, found on the southern shores of England. CAN'THIUM, n. A genus of East Indian plants, nat. order Cinchonaceae. C. dubiiim is an ornamental shrub. CAN'TILEVER, n. See Cantalivek. CANTING, n. In arch. [Sec Cant.] CANT'ING, a. Affectedly pious; as, a canting hypocrite. CAN'TLE, H. [add.] A corner. [Shah.] — The back part of the head. [Scotch^ CAN'TONED, a. A term applied to a body furnished at its angles or on its sides with some projecting part. In this sense it is applied to a building when its corners are decorated with projecting pilasters or quoins. The expression is more particularly em- ployed in describing the pillars of the Roman churches which have a pro- jecting shaft on each of their faces, or on each of tlieir angles. In the first case such pillars are said to be can- tonnh en croix, and in the second case cantonncs diagonalements. The term is borrowed from heraldry. €AN'TONMENTS, n. The dvvelling- places occupied by an army during any suspension of active operations in the field ; the temporary shelter which an army may occasionally take; as, during a season of excessive heat, the troops are distributed in villages, houses, &c., but so as not to be widely scattered. The term is also frequently used to designate the winter-quarters of an army. CAN'TONS, for Cantos. [Shah.] CANTOON', n. A kind of fustian with a fine cord visible on one side. CANT'UAR, n. An abbreviation for Cantuaria, the Latin name of the city of Canterbury. ■CANTUA'KIA, tz. The Roman name for Canterbury. CANNULA, n. [L. dimin. of canna, a reed.] A small tube, generally applied to tliat of the trocar, &c. CAN'VAS, a. Made of canvas; noting a coarse cloth of hemp or flax for sails. CAN'V AS-BACK, w. A speciesof duck, the Anas valisneria, highly esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. It is found in the rivers of the Chesapeake Bay, and derives its name from the colom* of its back. €AN'VASS, V. i. [add.] To go through in the way of solicitation ; as, to can- vass a city, district, or county for CANZONE, or CANZO NE, n. CAN'ZONET, or CANZONET', «. [add.] The canzonet is now confined to songs for a single voice. €AOUT CHINE, ) n. An inflam- CAOUT'CUOUCINEjj mable vola- tile oil produced by distillation of caoutchouc at a high temperature. C AOUT'CHOUC, instead of CAOUT- CHOUC, n. [add.] This remarkable substance is obtained from many dif- ferent plants. It is yielded by the Siphonia elastica, and most other euphorbaceous plants. Various urti- caceous plants yield it, especially i^tcws- elastica. In Papantla it is yielded by a plant called ule ; in Sumatra by Urceola elastica ; and in Madagascar by a species of Vahea. A new mode of preparing caoutchouc or india-rubber has recently been discovered, by which its elasticity is greatly increased and rendered permanent at all tempera- tures. [See Vulcanization.] ■CAP, n. [add.] In ship-building y a term applied to square blocks of wood laid upon others, on which rests the keel of the vessel. Anything in the form of a cap which serves to cover something else ; as, the cap of a percussion-lock, a covering of lead put over the heads of iron bolts to prevent their corrosion. — To set her cap at him. a familiar phrase applied to an unmarried lady who directs her particular attentions to a gentleman, with the view of xcinning his affections. — Percussion-cap, a little copper box or cell containing a small quantity of detonating mixture, which is adjusted over the touch-hole of a musket, and so arranged as to the other 79 part of the lock, that a smart blow bursts the cap and explodes its con- tents, the little cell itself being de- stroyed so that a new one is required for each firing. [See Percussion- Lock.] CAPAC'ITY, n. [add.] Capability.— In law, an ability or fitness to do or to receive, to sue or be sued. ■CA'PE, n. [L. cai>io, to take.] A judicial writ relative to a plea of lands or tene- ments, divided into cape magnum, or the grand cape, and cape parvuni, or petit cape. It is abolished. ■CAPE-JAS'MINE, n. A plant, the Gardenia jiorida. CAP'EL.t 71. [Gael, capull.] A horse. [Chaucer.] CAP'ELLaNE, n. [Fr. capelan.] A chaplain ; the curate of a chapel. €AP'ELLET, or CAPEL'LET, n. €A'PER, n. [add.] To cut capers, to leap or dance in a frolicsome manner. CA'PER-SPURGE, n. A plant, the Euphorbia lathyris. CAPIA'I, or CABIA'I, n. The capi- bara, or water-hog. CAPIB'ARA, ) K. The largest known ■CAPYB'ARA,) rodent quadruped, the Hydrochonrus capibara. It in- habits various parts of South America, but is most common m Brazil. It is of aquatic habits, and frequents rivers, like the otter, whence it has obtained the name of the water-hog, — which see for figure. CAPILLAIRE', n. [add.] This name is now given to a syrup made of sugar, honey, and orange-flower water. CAP'ILLARINESS, n. The state of being capillary. CAPILLARITY, n. The state or con- dition of being capillary. CAPILLARY, or CAPXL'LARY, n. [add.] A fine vessel or canal. The capillaries are the minute vessels of the sanguineous system which inter- vene between the minute arteries and veins. They are too minute to be de- tected by the naked eye. ■CAPILLARY, or CAPIL'LARY, a. [add.] Pertaining to capillary tubes, or to the capillary vessels or capillaHes in animals; as, capillary action. CAPILLARY ACTION, or CAPIL'- LARY ACTION. CAPILLARY REPULSION, or CAPIL'LARY REPULSION,n. That repulsion which is exhibited when a capillary tube is dipped into mercury, so that the fluid stands lower within the tube than without. CAPILLARY VESSELS, orCAPIL'- LARY VESSELS, n. In anat., the minute ramifications of the arteries and other vessels. They are also termed capillaries. [See under Capillary.] CAPILLI"TIUM, n. [L. capillus, a hair.] A kind of purse or net in whicii the sporules of some fungi are retained. CAP'ILLOSE, a. Hairy ; abounding with hair. CAPIS'TRUM, n. [L. capio, to take.] Literally, a bridle. — In sur., the single split-cloth bandage, so named because it is used to support the lower jaw, like a bridle. CAP'ITAL, n. [add.] In political eco- nomy, the produce of industry which remains, either in the shape of national or of individual wealth, after a portion of what is produced is consumed, and which is still available for use only, or for further production. The capital of a country or community consists of those portions of the produce of iu- CAPPELINE CAPSICUM CARAPACE dustry existing in it which may be made directly ayailable either for the support of human beings, or the facilitatiog of further pmiuction. Capital may be applied either directly in the employ- ment of labour, or directly in aid of labour ; it may be spent in the food and clothes of labourers, or in tools and other auxiliary machinery, to assist their labour, and increase its produc- tiveness. The former is usually termed circulating capital, and the latter .fixed capital. Both, however, are indis- pensable to the progress of the arts and national wealth, and are used in combination. — Capital felonies, those crimes upon conviction of which the offender is condemned to be hanged, as high-treason, murder, unnatural of- fences, robbery accompanied with stab- bing or wounding, setting fire to a dwelling-house, any person being there- in, &c. CAPITALIZE, V. t. To convert into capital, as money; to form or print in capital letters. CAPITAN'-PACHA', ( w. The chief €AP'TAIX-PASHA',> admiral of the Turkish fleet. CAPITULAR, a. [L. capitulum.] Be- longing to a chapter; capitulary. — In bot., growing in small heads, as the dandelion, and plants of the order Compositae. CAPITULA'RILM, n. [L.] The laws issued by Charlemagneand other French kings of the first and second races. [See Capitclak.] CAPIT'ULATE,t v. t. To jield or surrender on conditions. CAP'LIX, or CAPPING, n. [Qu. a corruption of coupling.] A thong of leather or skin by which the swingel of a flail is fastened to the staff. [Local.] t;AP'LXN,CAP'ELIN,or€AP'ELAN, n. A fish, the Mallotus grcenlandicus, or Salmo arcticus. It is about sis or seven inches long, and resembles a smelt in form and colour, but has very small scales. It is delicate eating, but its chief value is as bait for cod. The Capiio, Sal masses of this fish which frequent the shores of Newfoundland and Labrador would appear incredible; were not the fact witnessed by thousands for many years. Dense shoals of them are some- times kno^vn to be more than fifty miles in length, and several miles broad. €APOCH', r. t. [add.] To hood; to blindfold. [Hudibras.] CAPONIEKE', )n. [add.] In fort., a CAPONNIERE', f passage from one part of a work to the other, protected on the right and left by a wall or para- pet, and sometimes covered overhead. When there is a parapet on one side onlv, it is called a demicaponiere. CAP'PAGH-BROWN, n. Manganese- bro^NTi ; a bituminous earth, coloured by oxide of manganese and iron, which yields pigments of various rich bro^^•n coloiu^, two of which are distinguished as light and doj'k Cappagk-bj'otcns. Cappagh-broicn derives its name from Cappagh, near Cork, in Ireland. CAP PELINE, n. A small skull-cap of iron worn by archers in the middle ages. ■CAPPERXOIT Y, ) a. Crabbed; pee- CAPPERXOIT'ED, ( vish. [Scotch.] CAP'PIE, n. Diminutive of Cap. [Scotch.] CAP PING-PLAXE, n. In joinery, a plane used for working the upper sur- face of staircase-rails. CAP'RATE, n. A salt formed by the union of capric acid with a base. €APRE'OLUS,t n. The tendril of a plant : cirrhus. CAPRIC'CIO, instead of CAPRIC- CIO. CAPRICCIO'SO, instead of CA- PRICCIO'SO. CAPRlCH'IO,t n. Freak; fancy. CAP RID^, n. [L. caper, a goat.] The goat tribe, a family of ruminating animals, in which the horns are directed upwards and backwards, and their bony core is partly cellular. It includes only the goats and sheep. €APRIFICA'TION, n. [add.] This is a process for accelerating the ripening of the fig in the Levant. It is effected by placing a quantity of the branches of the wild fig-trees upon the cultivated plant, when the fruit of the latter is preparing to ripen. The branches of the ^'■iId fig bring along with them a great number of small insects of the genus Cynips, which, by puncturing the fruit for the purpose of Ia\ing their eggs, simply hasten the ripening. Cap- rification may be artificially imitated by puncturing the fruit with a needle dipped in oil. CAPRIMTL'filD.E, n. The goat- suckers, a family of passerine birds, re- markable for their nocturnal habits, light and rapid flight, and great activity. There is only one European species, the Caprimulgus Europepus, a summer visitant in Britain. Several are found in America, one of which is known as the whip-poor- vrill, and another as the night-hawk. [See cut in Did. Goat- Suck ek,] CAP RINE, n. A substance found in butter, which, ^\ith but>Tine and cap- rone, gives the butter its peculiar agree- able taste and odour. It is a compound of capric acid and glycerine, or a cap- rate of glycerine. CAPRIOLE', n. [add.] A caper in dancing. CAP'ROATE, n. A salt formed by the union of caproic acid with a base. CAP'ROMYS, n. The hog-rat, a genus of rodent animals, different species of which are found in the M'est Indies. One species inhabits Cuba, where it is called hutia or utia. CAP'RONE, n. A substance found in butter. It is a compound of caproic acid and glycerine, or a caproate of glycerine. CAPRYL'IC ACID, n. An acid found in butter, analogous to capric and cap- roic acids. CAPSEL'LA, n. Shepherd's-purse, a genus of plants. [See Shephebd's- PCRSE.] CAP'SICINE, n. The active principle of the capsules of Capsicum annuuniy or Cayenne pepper. It has a resinous aspect, and a bm-ning taste. It is soluble in alcohol, and forms crystalliz- able salts with acetic, nitric, and sul- phuric acids. CAP'SICL'.M, n. [add.] Capsicum an- nuum is known by the name of Guinea pepper, — xchich see. C. baccatum, or bird-pepper, the Cfrut€scens,OT Chilies (calledalso Cayenne pepper), are natives 1 of the East and West Indies, and South America. C. fruticositm, or goat-pep- per, is a native of the East Indies, and is much hotter than the other spe- cies. C. grossum, or bell-pepper, is an East Indian species, ^rith lai'ge capsules. CAP STAN, n. [add.] Capstans are used in large ships chiefly for weighing anchors, hoisting sails, &c. The power of the capstan may be greatly increased by adapting an arrangement of wheel- workto it, an improvement now adopted in the royal navy.— To rig the capstan, to prepare the capstan for heaving, by fixing the bars in the holes or otherwise. A capstan is distinguished fi'om a vrindlass by the axis, and con- sequently the barrel being vertical. It is chiefly used on land for moving great weights short distances, as blocks of stone from quarries, &c. When em- ployed for drawing coal from pits it is usually called a gin, and when worked bv horses it is termed a whim-gin. CAP TAINCY-GENERAL,orCAP'- TAIN-GENERALSI^ n. The office or jurisdiction of a captain-general. €AP'TAIN-PASHA,«. See Capitan- Pacha. CAPTIOUS, a. [add.] Irritable; touchv. — Capable of receiving. [5AaA.] CAP tlVAUNCE,t n. Captivity. [Spenser.] CAP'UL, n. A horse or mare; a work- horse. [Scotch.] CAP'ULET, n. In farriery, a tumour, or enlargement on the point of a horse's hock. CATUT, n. [L. the head.] In Cam- bridge, a council of the university, by which every grace must be approved before it can be submitted to the senate. It consists of the vice-chancellor, a doctor of each of the faculties of di- vinity, law, and medicine, and two masters of arts, chosen annually by the senate CA'PUT-MORT'UUM, n. [add.] Dead matter ; lees ; worthless remains, or residuum. CAPY'B'ARA, n. See Capibara. CAR'ACAL, n. A species of lynx, the Felis caracal, Linn., a native of North- ern Africa and South-western Asia. It is about the size of a fox : possesses great strength and fierceness, and is used in the chase of the smaller quad- rupeds, and of the larger kinds of birds. CAR'ADOC SANDSTONE, n. In geol., a division of the lower Silurian rocks, consisting of red, purple, green, and white micaceous and sometimes quartzose grits and limestones, con- taining corals and moUusca. CARAGA'NA, n. A handsome genus of leguminous plants. Most of the species are adapted for shrubberies. CAR'AOENINE, n. A pecuhar mucil- age obtained from the Caragheen or Irish moss. CAR'AGHEEN-MOSS, n. The Irish moss, a species of algse, the Chondrus crispus. CAR'AMEL, n. [Fr.] Anhydrous or burnt sugar. It is used for colouring spirits, &c. It gives out, when heated, a peculiar odour, called the odour of caramel. [See Caromel.] CAR'AMOTE, n. A rather large species of shrimp {Penceus sulcaius) common in the Mediterranean, whero it is caught in great numbers and salted for expor- tation. CAR' APACE, n. [add.] The shell which protects the body of chelonian reptiles. CARCASS CARDIOGIIAPHY CARNARIA The term is also applied to the superior surface of the crustaceans. CAR'APINE, n. A substance found in Carapa guianensis, a plant of Guiana. It is a white, ijearly, fusible powder, very bitter, soluble in water and alco- hol, forming crystallizable salts with acetic and sulphuric acids. CAR'APUS, n. A genus of apodal malacopterygious fishes. CAR'ATACH, h. In Turkei/, the tax imposed on Christians, Jews, &c., resi- dent in the oountry. €AR'AVAN, «. [add.] A large close carriage un springs, for conveying wild beasts, when carried from place to place as a show, CARAVEL'LA, ;?. [It.] A Turkish frigate carrying forty guns. €AR'A"SVAY-€OiMFIT, n. A sweet- meat containing caraway. CAR'AWAYS, n. The seeds of the Carum cflrui, used as an agreeable car- minative by confectioners, and also in medicine, €aR'BAMIDE, 71. A compound of amidogen and carbonic acid ; an ingre- dient of chloro-carbonate of ammonia. €ARBAZ'OTATE, n. A salt formed by the union of carbazotic acid with a base ; called also nitropinrate. CaR'BINE. See Carabine. €ARBOL'IC ACID, n. An acid found in that part of the oil of coal which boils between 300° aud 400''. It is an oily liquid, colourless, with a biu-ning taste and the odom* of creosote. CaRBONA'RO, n. jihw. Carbonari. [It.] Literall//, a coalman. A name given to the members of a secret poli- tical society which appears to have been formed in Italy at the commence- ment of the present century, and which, after the fall of the new republics, had for its object the expulsion of the stranger, and the establishment of a democratic government. Towards 1818 the society spread into France. CAR'BONATE, n. [add.] The carbon- ates are an important class of salts, many of them being extensively used in the arts and in medicine. CaRBON'IC acid, n. [add.] This acid is formed during the respiration of animals, and in all ordinary combus- tions, from the oxidation of carbon in the fuel. It exists in large quantity in all limestones and marbles. It is evolved from the coloured parts of the flowers of plants both by night and day, and from the green parts of plants during the night. CARBONIF'EROUS SYSTEM, n. In geol., the great group of strata which includes nearly all the valuable coal yet discovered. It consists of tlie coal- formation and the mountain-limestone formation. CaRBUN C'ULAR, a. instead of €aR- BUNCULAR. €aRBUN€'ULATE, a. Same as Car- BUNCULAB. Carcajou, instead of carcajo, n. [add.] A species of lynx found in Canada and other parts of North America. ■CAR'CASEjt ». A dead body ; a car- cass. [See CARf'ASs.] Carcass, n. [add.] Carcass-flooring, in arcli.y the grated frame of timber- work which supports the boarding or floor-boards above, and the ceiling be- low. — CarcaA-s-roct/iHi/,thegratedframe of timber- work which spans the build- ing, and carries the boarding and other covering. X. — Supr. CARCHA'RIAS, ?^. A genusof chond- ropterygian fishes, containing some of the most voracious of the sharks ; for example, the white shark (C. vuhjaris). CaR'CINUS, h. [Gr. y.a^^i.c;, a crab.] A genus of decapod Crustacea, contain- ing the most common crab on our coast (C. ■ma?nas). GaRD, n. [add.] A note published by some one in the public papers, con- taining a brief statement, explanation, request. €aRD'AMINE, n. [add.] The species of this genus of cruciferous plants are numerous, and are usually smooth herbs, with stalked, entire, lobed, or pinnately cut leaves, and racemes of white or red flowers. C. pratensisy cuckoo-flower, common ladies'-smock, or bitter cress, is exceedingly abundant in some parts of Britain. It has a bitter taste, and at one time it had the reputation of being a diuretic and antispasmodic. It is known also to possess antiscorbutic properties. It is generally in blossom when the cuckoo returns to this country, lience the name, ciickoo- Jlower. Four other species are de- scribed as natives of Britain, viz., C, amarOf C. imjmtiens, C. hirsutay and C. sijlcatica. CARD'AMOMS, n. The aromatic cap- sules of diff'erent species of Amomum. Those known in the shops are tlie large, supposed to be produced by Amomum augustifoliiim, a Madagascar plant ; the middle-sized and small, both supposed to be the produce of Amo7num carda- momum, a native of Sumatra and other eastern islands. Malabar cardamoms are the best sort, and are produced by Amomum repeus. — Ceylon cardamoms, the fruit of the grain of paradise-plant uf Ceylon. CAR'DIA, 71. [Gr. a«eSi«, the heart.] The entrance into the stomach, so called from being near the heart. CAR'DIAC, \ «.[add.] The cardiac CARDI'ACAL, ) orifice oj the stomach, called also cardia, is the upper or left orifice. — Cardiac passion, an old name for heart-burn. — Cardiac arteries and veins, the coronary arteries and veins of the heart. — Cardiac confection, the aro- matic confection. GaRDIA'CE.^, n. [From cardium, one of the genera.] A family of molluscous animals, including the cockles and their allies. They have equivalve bi- valve convex shells, having salient sum- mits curved towards the hinge, whicli, when viewed sideways, give them tlie appearance of a heart. The respira- tory organs are usually prolonged into tubes. CAR'DIAC-WHEEL, n. The heart- wheel; a cam-wheel of the form of a heart, GaRDIAL'OIA, n. Pain in the sto- mach. [See Cardialgy.] CXRD'INAL-BIRD, ) n. The CaRD'INAL-GROSBEAK,$ Cardi- nalis vinjinianus {Loxia cardinalis, Linn.), a North American bird, with a fine red plumage, and a crest on the head. Its song very much resembles that of the nightingale, hence one of its common names, Vinjinian nightin- gale. CARD'ING, n. The act of combing, breaking, and cleaning wool, cotton, flax, &c., with cards or a carding- machine. ^CARDIOGRAPHY, n. [Gr. ^a^Si*, the heart, and y^a^u, to describe.] A description of the heart. 81 CARDIOL'OOY, n. [Gr. K«,(bia, the heart, and Acyos, discourse.] A discourse or treatise on the heart. GXR'DIUM, n. [Gr. y.a(im, the heart.] The cockle, a genus of mollusca, be- longing to tlie family Cardiaceie. The foot is largely developed, and is used by most of these animals, not merely for progression, but in the excavation of hollows in tlie sand or mud of the shores on wliich tliey dwell. The most common species is the C. edule, or edible cockle CaRDOON','". [add.] This is the Ci/n- ara cardunculus of botanists, a Spanish plant, the thick fleshy stalks and ribs of whose leaves are blanched and eaten in Spain and France, as an esculent vegetable. Tliey have been reckoned to possess aphrodisiacal properties. CARD-PARTY, n. A party assembled for the purpose of playing cards. CaRD'-PLAYER, n. One who plays cards. GAR'ECTES,! n. jilur. Characters. [Chaucer.] CAREEN'ACiE, n. A place to careen a ship ; expense of careening. CARE-KILLING, a. Putting an end to care. CARESSINGLY, adv. In a caressing manner. CARE'-WORN, n. Worn or vexed with care. CA'REYA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Myrtaceae. C. herhacea is a most splendid herbaceous stove-plant. C A RFE,f pp. [From carve J\ Cut ; carved. [Chancer.] CARFUF'FLED, hj;>. or a. Rufiled; CURFUF'FLED, f rumpled. [Scotch.] CARIA'MA, i n. [add.] The Dicholo- SARIA'MA, ) phus crista tus oiVWiger, a grallatorial bird, of the size of a heron, inhabiting tlie great mountain- lilains of Brazil, where its sonorous voice often breaks tlie silence of the desert. It is a bird of retired habits, and bears a relation both to the waders and gallinaceous birds. CARIATIDES. See Caryatides. CARIN'THINE, n. A subvariety of augite from Carinthia. CAR'JACOU, n. A species of deer found in North America {Cervus vir- ginianus). CAROLINE, n. See Carlin. CaR'MEINE, n. The colouring prin- ciple of cochineal. [See Carminh.] GARMIN'ATIVE, n. [add.] Carmina- tives are chiefly obtained from the vegetable kingdom, and are employed as agents to promote the expulsion of flatulence. The principal of these are ginger, cardamom, anise, and caraway seeds. Several of the essential oils are also used as carminatives, as those of peppermint, anise, caraway, juniper; also, ardent spirits, especially aromatic tinctures. CAR'MiNE,«. [add.] The pure colour- ing matter or principle of cocliineal, precipitated by spontaneousevaporation from the alcoholic tincture of cochineal, in the form of crystals of a fine red colour. CARMIN'IC ACID, n. Carmeine or carmine, — which see. CARNA'RIA,«. [L.carOjCarnis, flesh.] Flesh-eating animals. The name given by Cuvier to an order consisting of a varied assemblage of unguiculated quad- rupeds possessing like man and the (luadrumana three sorts of teeth, but having no opposable thumb to their fore-feet, like the quadrumana. Theu- 7 !■; CARPENTEK-BEE CARRIER CARTILAGlNEOrS food is animal, and the more excliisiTely , so, as their grinders are the more trenchant ; the cat, dog, and bear fami- lies are examples. €ARNA'TIOX, n. [add.] The carna- tions of the florists, are varieties of the Dianthus canjophyUus, obtained by art. They are much prized for the beautiful colours of their sweet-scented double- flowers. A great many varieties are cultivated. They are arranged into three classes, viz.. iiakes, having two colours only, aud the stripes large, goingquite through the petals; bizarres, variegated in irregular spots and stripes, with not less than three colours ; pico- teesy with a white ground, spotted or pounced with scarlet, red, purple, or other colours. €aR'NEL, a. Inship-carpejiti'i/yTugged, shapeless ; applied to a ship in a rough, uDfloished state. CAR'KEL-WORK. See under Cab- NELIAN. CAR'NIFEX, n. [L.] A public execu- tioner; a hangman. €ARMF1€A TION, n. [add.] Hepa- tization. Applied also to that state of the lungs in pleurisy complicated with slight pneumonia, in which they are converted into a substance resembling, both in appearance and consistence, muscular flesh which has been beaten to make it tender. €AROeOL LA, h. A genus of land- snaOs which adhere tenaciously to limestone -rocks. The C. lapicida is a native of this countrv. €AR'OL, n. [add.] In England, this term is often applied to a religious song or ballad in celebration of Christ- mas. €A'ROL, or CARTIOL, n. [Lat. sta- dium.^ In arch., a small closet or in- closure, under a window, vnth a seat. [Ancient Rites of Durham.'] €AROLl'NA-PlNK, n. A plant of the genus Spigelia, the S. marilandica ; also known bv the name of worm-grass. €XR'OLLING,t n. A hymn or song of devotion. [^Spenser.'] CAROON', n. A species of cherry. CAROTEL', or CAROTEEL^ n. An oriental weight, varying from five to nine pounds. CAROT'lD, a. [add.] This word is derived from Gr. jwjea-, to induce sleep, and the arteries which it designates were so named because they supply the head with blood, and the ancients believed that sleep was caused by an increased flow of blood to the head through these arteries. ^AROT'lD, n. An ai*tery of the neck. [See the Adjective.] €AROT LD.AL, a. Carotid. CaRP, n. [add.] The common carp is the Cyprinus carpio ; the golden carp, the C. auratus ; and the crusian or Prussian carp, the C. curassius. CXRP'-BREAM, 71. Anotlier name for the common bream {Abramis brama.\ €\RTENT£R-BEE, n. The common name of the diflerent species of hy- menopterous insects of the genus Xylocopa. One species (X. violacea) nihabits the south of Europe ; in Asia, Africa, and America, the species are numeruus. They are generally of a dark violet blue, and of considerable size. They usually form their nests in pieces of half-rotten wood, cutting out various apartments for depositing their eggs. They have sharp, pointed, tri- angular mandibles, well adapted to form holes in wood. CARPENTERING, n. The employ- ment of a carpenter. €aR PENTERS-R0LE, n. The rule or measure by which carpenters take their dimensions. It is usually made of box-wood, three feet in length, and jointed so as to fold up. By the aid of a brass slide it also serves as a sliding- rule. CAR PENTER'S-SQUARE, n. See under Square. €aR'PET-MONGER, n. A dealer in carpets: a lover of ease and pleasure. CARPET-WAY, «. A green way ; a strip or border of green sward left round the margin of a ploughed field. CaR'PET-AVEED, h. a North Ameri- can small spreading plant, a species of Molliigo, which is common in cultivated ground. CAR'PHOUTE,n. 5ee Karpholite. €aRPHOLO(>'IA, n. [Gr. »«.?*,-, the nap of clothes, and ?.<;*. to pluck.] A picking of the bed-clothes ; flocclUa- tion. €aRPHOSID'ERITE, n. See Kar- PHOSIDERITE. CARPIN'CHO-SKIN, n. The skin of the capibara or water-hog, carpincho being the name of that large rodent animal in Paragnav. €ARP ING, ;>/>r.[add.] Jesting. [Shah.] CARPOCLONIUM, n. Among the algiP. [See Silicle in Supiy.] CARPOPHORE, n. [L. carpophorum, from Gr. zajTSf. fruit, and ^E*4i, to bear.] In hot., the prolongation of the axis of the plant ^vithin the flower which beai-s the ripe carpels ; it is called gymphore when the fruit is young: formerly it was restricted to when it bore pistils only without stamens ; and then it was said to be a gonopkore when it also bore stamens ; and anthophore, if, in ad- dition, it bore petals; but now it is used in a more general sense. CAR'RAGEEN,or CARRAGHEEN- MOSS, «. Chondrus crispus, marine pearl-moss or laver, a lichen found on the west coast of Ii-eland, and on the sea-coasts of various other countries, used for making soups, jellies, size, &c. It is also attempted to be used as a remedy in pulmonary complaints, diarr- hoea, scrofula, rickets, iScc. CAR'RAINE.fn. Carrion. [Chaucer.] CARRARA- MARBLE, n. [From Carrara, in Italy.] A species of white marble, distinguished from the Parian or statuary marble by being harder and less bright. CAR'REL, n. The arrow used in cross- bows ; a quarrel, — which see. CAR'RIAGE, «. [add.] The part of a printing-press on which the tyjies are placed to be printed, which is nm in till they are immediately imder the platen, and, when the impression is taken, run out in order to change the sheet of paper, and to ink the types again. CAR'RIAGE, n. [add.] In Scots ioK, horse- and -cart serrice. CARRIAGEABLE, a. That may be conveved in carriages. €AR'RlAGE-HOUSE, n. A horse used in a carriage. €AR'RIED-1N-NIT'BIBUS. Having the mind fixed upon something different from the business in hand ; having the wits gone a-wool-gathering. [Sir W. Scott.] CAR'RIER, n. [add.] One who for hire undertakes the conveyance of goods or persons for any one who employs i him. In a legal sense, the term ex- 82 tends not only to those ^Nho convey goods by land, but also to the owners and masters of ships, maU- contractors, and even to wharfingers who under- take to convey goods for hire from their wharfs to the vessel in their own lighters, but not to mere hackney-coach- men. Carriers are responsible for the safety and preservation of the goods committed to them. €AR'RIER-SHELLS, n. The species of the genus Phorus are so called from the whorls of the shell having stones or shells usually attached to them. €AR'RIKE,t 'in. [Fr. carraque.] A CAR'RACK,t [ large heavy sort of ship, used formerly by the Portuguese. [C/*aMcer.] €AR'RITCH, In. Catechism. CAR'RITCHES, f [Scotch.] CAR'RY, V. t. [add.] To conduct; to take with one ; as, I carried the secretary this afternoon to the mar- quis. [Temple.] — In military affairs, to obtain possession of by force ; aSj to carry the outworks of a place. — To carry coals to Xeiccastle, a colloquial phrase, signifjing to take things to a place where they already abound; to lose one's labour. — To carry on. [add.] To conduct in a ^vild reckless manner; to riot ; to frolic ; as, he carries on at a great rate. CAR RY-ALL, n. [add.] A light vehicle for one horse, having usually four wheels, and designed to carry a num- ber of persons. [American.] C'aRTE-BLANCHE, n. [add.] Uncon- ditioned terms ; unlimited power to de- cide. CAR'TEL, or CARTEL', n. CAR'TER, n. A flat fish found on our coasts, the Pleuronectes megastuma. CART'ER.t n. A charioteer. [Chau- cer. ^ €ARTESIAN-DEVIL, n. A phUoso- phical toy, consisting of a small hollow figure of coloured glass, usually made in conformity \vith the popular idea of the devil, with horns, tail, &c. There is a small aperture at the lower part of the figure, usually at the end of the tail, which allows it to be filled \*ith au* previous to its being placed in a tall vessel, nearly but not quite full of water, of which it has nearly the same specific gravity. An air-tight cover of caout- chouc being tied over the mouth of the vessel to wliich the figure is placed, the apparatus is complete. To exhibit its action, the hand is pressed on the elastic cover of the vessel, and the air between it and the surface of the water being thereby compressed, and the pressing, of course, transmitted in all directions equally, a portion of the water goes into the figure, and the specific gravity of it being thereby in- creased, it sinks, and again rises when the pressure is withdrawn. In this way, by successively applying and re- moving the pressure of the hand, the figure is made to perform corresponding movements. CARTE'SIANISM, n. The doctrine or philosopbv of Des Cartes. Cartful, ». As much as a cart will hold; a cart-load. CAR THAMINE, n. An astringeut bitter principle obtained from the flowers of the Carthamus tinctoria, or safflower. It is a beautiful red pig- ment, and is used in silk dyeing. It is also called carthamic acid. CARTlLAGlNEOUS,ta. Cartilagin- ous. CASCO CASEMATE CASHMERE One who Pertain- ing to car- ailv. X'i' p-r^J'-TTji i €aRTOG'RAPHER, makes charts. CARTOGRAPirie, ) a. €ARTOGRAPH'I€AL,} i tosraphv. €:\RTOGRAPH'I€ALLY, cartograpliy. CARTOGRAPHY, ?i. [Gr. charta ; Gr. ^^^«<^v ] The art or practice of form- ing maps or charts of a rountrv. €ARTOUCII', n. [add.] The ilame given by Cham- pollion to the ovals on ancient Egj^jtian monu- ments, and in papjTi. containing groups of characters, expressing the -^^'*^ — "^ names or titles of kings. <-'*rK>^<;^- CARTOUCHE', n. [Fr.] A sculptured ornament in the form of a scroll un- rolled, used as a field for inscriptions, &c. CART'-WHIP,n. A large whip used in driving horses, &e., in carts. CAR'UCA(iE,+ H. [5ef CARucAxn.JAct of ploughing; a duty or tax on the plough. Also written carrucage. CA'RUM, 7i. A genus of plants, nat. order Umbeiliferaj. The species are glabrous herbs with perennial tuberous edible roots, pinnate leaves, and white flowers. The C. carui is the well- known caraway-plant, the fruit of which is known in the shops as caraway-seeds. [See Caraway.] C. verllcillatum is a native of the western parts of Eu- rope. CARUN'CULA, instead of GAR'UN- CULTTS. [See Caruncle.] CARUN'CULATE, a. Same as Carun- CULATEP. CAR'VEL-BUILT, a. [See Caravel.] A term applied to a ship or boat, the jilanks of which are all flush, and not overlapping. CAR'VEN.t r. t. To cut; to carve. [Spenser.] CAR'VING,n. [add.] This term is usu- ally understood to refer exclusively to works in ivory or wood. Car^nng in marble or stone properly comes under the term sculpture, and carving in me- tals is called chasing. CaR'VIST, n. [A corruption ot carry- fist.] In falconry, a hawk which is of proper age and training to be carried on the hand. CaR'VY, 77. Caraway. [Scotch.] CARYAT'ID, a. Relating to caryatides, or like figures. CARYOCATAC'TES, n. The nut- crackers, a genus of birds, allied to the crows, also called Nucifraga. One species is occasionally met with here. It is a brown bird, spotted with white. CARYOPHYLLA'CE^.,77. [add.] This order, established by Jussieu, is now divided into two distinct suborders; viz., Silenaceae and Alsinace», the lat- ter of which only differs from Parony- chiacere by the absence of stipules. CARYOPHYL'UNE, n. A crystalline substance deposited by a strong tinc- ture of cloves. CASjf n. [Fr.] Chance. [Chaucer.] CA. SA. In law jiroceedmcjs, the usual abbreviation of capias ad satisfacien- dum. CASCAL'HO, n. The name given in Brazil to the alluvial deposit in which the diamond is found. CAS'CO, 77. A boat of the Philippines used chiefly on the river at Manilla. It is almost of rectangular form, very flat, and very dm-able, and is much used at : Casco of iMaiiilla. Manilla for conveying cargo to and from ships. CASE, 77. [add.] In a. priiitivg-nfice, the receptacle for the types, from wliich the compositor gathers them separately and arranges them in lines and pages to print from. There are two cases, an upper and a louier ; the upper is divided into a number of recesses, or separate boxes, and contains the capitals, ac- cented letters, figures, &c.; the lower- case is also divided into recesses, and contains the small letters, spaces, &c. — In Shak.y the word case is used to signifytheskin; outside; outward show. — Case of lives, several lives. — Case of a door, the wooden frame in which a door is hung. — Case of a stair, the wall surrounding a staircase. — Action upon the case, in laiv, is a general action given for redress of wrongs and injuries, done without force, and not particularly provided against by law, in order to have satisfaction for damage. This ac- tion is in practice the most universal of any, and is equally applicable to conse- quential injuries to the real or personal property, and to the personal character of the party by whom it is brought. CaSE'-BAGS, n. In arch., the joists framed between a pair of girders in naked flooring. CaSE'-CHARR, v. The name of a salmon found in the northern lakes; it is the Salmo umMa. CASED, jyp. [add.] In arch., a term ap- phed to the outside wall of a building, when it is faced or covered with mate- rials of a better quality than those of the wall itself; as when a brick-wall is faced with stone or with bricks of a superior quality to those used in the inner wall. — Cased sash-frames, sash- frames which have their interior verti- cal sides hollow, to admit the weights which balance the sashes, and, at the same time, conceal them. CASE-HARDENING, n. The process by which the surface of iron is con- verted into steel, while the interior re- tains the softness and toughness of malleable iron. CA'SEIC ACID, w. An acid extracted from cheese, and supposed to contain many of the properties of thaj sub- stance CA'SEINE, 71. The basis of cheese {caseuisi). CASE'-MAN, 77. Among printers^ one wlio works at the case or sets types; a compositor. CASE'MATE,7(. [add.] A vault of stone or brick-work, usually built in the 8a thickness of the rampart of a fortress, and pierce-d in front vrith embrasur-?s, through which artillery may be fired. The term casemate is also applied to the shell- proof vaults of Btone or brick, erected in for- tresses, to protect the troops, ammu- nition, and pro- visions. CASE ' MEKT, n. [add.] In |j; arck.f a glass frame or sash, which is made ~ to open by turn- ing on hinges affixed to the vertical sides of the frame into which it is fitted ; also, a com- partment between the mullions of a window. CASF/MENTED, a. Having casements. CA'SEOUS, instead of CAS'EOUS. CA'SEOUS OXIDE, 77. Aposepediue; a substance procured by the putrefac- tion of animal matter. CASE'-RACK, n. A frame of wood to receive printers' cases when not in use. CA'SERN, instead of CAS'ERN. CA'SEUM, n. Same as Caseine. CASH, n. sing, or 2>^"r. Thin pieces of copper, perforated, and strung on a thread, used by the Chinese as small change. Twenty-two such pieces are equal to one penny sterling. CASH'-ACCOUNT, n. [add.] The na- ture of a cash-account consists in the bank giving credit on loan, to the ex- tent of a sum agreed upon, to any indi- vidual, or house of business, that can procure two or more persons of un- doubted credit and property to become surety for the re-payment, on demand, of the sum credited, with interest. Persons having such accounts, draw upon them for whatever sums within their amount they have occasion for, repaying these advances as they find opportunity, but generally within short periods. Interest is charged only on the average balance which may be due to the bank. CASH'-CREDIT,«. Acash-account,or a credit granted on it by a bank. CASHEW-BIRD, n. In Jamaica, one of the tanagers {Tanayra zena) is so named. It feeds on the berries of the bully- tree. CASHEW-NUT, n. [add.] A nut which protrudes at one end of the fruit of the cashew (Anacardium occidentale), of the size and shape of a hare's kidney. It has two shells, an outer and an inner, and between these there is a thick inflammable oil which is very caustic, and has been applied as a cure for ringworm, can- cerous ulcers, and corns. The kernel abounds w ith a sweet, milky juice, and forms Cashew-nut. an ingredient in pud- dings, &c. CASH'MERE, a. Relating to the fabric of shawls, so called. GASSING CASTOR-OIL CATAMARAN CASH'MERE, ) n. [add.] Cashmrre CASHMERE, y shawls or fabrics are formed of the fine downy wool found about the roots of the hair of the Cash- mere goat or Thibet goat. Ten goats are required to furnish sufficient wool for a shawl a yard and a half square. Cashmere shawls are now successfully imitated in France and Britain. CASHME'RIAN, a. Relating to the country of Cashmere, in the north of India. Casing, 71. [add.] The covering of anvthina: with a case. CASfNCinsteadof CASING,??, [add.] A term formerly applied to a house capable of affording defence, on a small scale, against an attacking force. On the continent of Europe, it is applied to a club-house, or building used for social meetings. •CASK, v. t. To put into a cask. CAS'QUETEL, n. [From casque.] A small steel cap or open helmet, without Casqobtbi., time of Edward IV,, side and back vIctt. beaver or vizor, but having a projecting umbril and overlapping plates behind, for ease in throwing the head back. CASSAMU NAR, n. An East Indian bitter, medicinal root ; the root of the Zingiher cassamunar. CASSER'IAN-GANGLION, n. [From J^llh/s Casserhis, of Padua.] A large semilunar ganglion, formed by the fiftli nerve, and immediately dividing into the ophthalmic, superior and inferior maxillary nerves. CASSIA, H. [add.] A genus of legu- minous plants, chiefly inhabiting the tropical and temperate parts of the world. The species, which are very numerous, consist of trees, shrubs, or herbs ; tJie leaves are simply and abruptly pinnated, and usually bear glands on their stalks. C. Jistuhi, or Cathartocar pus fistula, is found wild in India and the tropical parts of Africa. Its legumes contain a quantity of thick pulp, which is a mild laxative, and en- ters into the composition of the con- fection of cassia and the confection of senna; but it is chiefly employed to form what is termed essence of coffee. The leaves and flowers are also purga- tive. C obovaia furnishes the Aleppo senna, and C. acutifolia, Alexandrian senna, the most valuable of all the sennas. C. lanceolata yields the sen- na of Mecca and East Indian senna. The Lauras cassia, Linn., which is said to yield the cassia-buds of the shops, belongs to the nat. order Lau- race;\?. CASSIA-BUDS, n. The unexpandcd flowers of a species of Cinnamomura, the C. cassiOy C. aromaticum, or C. zey- lanicum. CAS'SIA-LIGNEA,) n. The bark of CASSIA-BARK, ) the same tree that >ields the cassia-buds. Its flavour somewhat resembles that of cinnamon. CASSIA-OIL, n. The common oil of cinnamon, procured from cassia-bark and cassia-buds. CAS'SIMERE, n. A kind of woollen cloth woven in imitation of Cashmere shawls. CAS'SIN^, n. Helmet-shells; a sub- family of the ^turicidre, the type being the genus Cassis. They are large, and often of a gigantic size; some of the species are used for making artificial cameos. CASSINETTE', n. A cloth made of a cotton warp, and the woof of very tine wool, or wool and silk, used for waistcoats. CAS'SIS, n. A genus of gastropodous molluscs, including the species known by the name of helmet-shells. They belong to the family Muricidie, sub- family Cassinje. CASSUiMU'NAR. See Cassamdnar. CAST, V. t [add.] To cast o^f copt/, to ascertain how many printed pages will be made by a manuscript, by setting up a portion for trial. [See Castixg.] — To cast the lead, in naut. lan.j is the same as to heave the lead. — To cast off, to loosen from, or let go; as, to cast off a. vessel in tow. CAST, n. In foundino, a contraction of casting, which denotes the operation of running the melted metal into the moulds prepared for its reception. The sum-total of the operation in the foundry is called a cast^ of which, in iron-foundries, there is usually only one a-day. The term casting is usually em- ployed in speaking of the article cast : hence the terms good castingy heavy casting, &c. Cast, n, a twist; a contortion; op- portunity; chance; a turn or event of any kind ; lot ; fate. [Scotch.] CaSTA'NEA, instead of CaST'- ANEA. CASTE, ». [add.] Besides the original Citstes in Hindostan, viz., the Brahmins, Cheteree, Bice, and Sudras, numerous mixed classes or castes have sprung up in the progress of time. Hence the term has come to signify a separate and fixed order, or class in societv. CASTELLE', n. {h.castellum'.'] Abuild- intc containing a well or cistern. CASTER, n. [add.] One who assigns the parts of a play to the actors. CASTERS, n. plur. A stand for the table, vnt\\ small bottles for holding vinegar, oU, &c. CASTiLE'-SOAP, n. A kind of fine, hard, white, or mottled soap, made with olive-oil and soda. CAST'ING, H. [add.] The assigning of parts in a plav to particular actors. CAST'ING- WEIGHT, h. A weight that turns the scale of a balance, or makes it preponderate. CAST'-KNEES, n. Hanging knees used in a ship of war for arching over the corner of a gun-port, &c. CASTLING, a. Abortive. CAST-OFF, pp. or a. Laid aside; re- jected; as, cosZ-o^ clothes. CASTOR AND POLLUX, n. In astron., the constellation Gemini or the Twins, into which the sun enters annually about the 21st May. Castor, or a. Geminorum, is also the name of one of the bright stars in the head of the Twins, being the nearer of the two to the pole. It is a double star, or consists of two stars, so close together, as to be inseparable to the naked eve. CAS TOR -BEANS, n. The seeds of tlie castor-oil plant {Ricinus communis). CAS'TOR FIBER, n. The generic and specific name of the beaver from which the castor of the shops is obtained. CASTO RID^E, n. The beaver tribe; a family of rodent animals, comprising the beavers, voles, lemmings, &c. €AS TOR-OIL, ». [add.] This oil is 84 used medicinally as a mild and agree- able purgative. CAS'TORY, n. An oil drawn from castoreum. and used in the preparation of colours. CAST OUT, r. '*. To fall out ; to quar- rel. [Scotch.] CAST UP, r. t. To throw in one's teeth; to reproach with. In a tieuter senses to appear. [Scotch.1 CASUAL EJECTOR, n. In late, the fictitious Richard Roe, in the mixed action of ejectment. CASUALTY, n. [add.] Any injury of the body from accident, whether result- ing in death or not. — In military re- turns, the head of casualties embraces all men who die, desert, or are dis- missed. — Casualty of icards, in Scots law, the mails and duties due to the superiors in ward-holdings. CASUA'RIUS,;t. A genus of struthioni- dous birds, containing the cassowary, a bird said now to be found only in one of the Eastern islands, so that, like the dodo and maa, its extinction may be expected at no verv remote epoch. CATABRO'SA, n. [Gr. *«r«^;*^(5. a gnawing.] .\ genus of plants, uat. order Gramineae. C. aqiiatica is a British species ; it has an equal panicle, with half whorls of patent branches, and obtusely broadly linear leaves ; and grows in ponds, and ditches, and wet sands. CATACLYSM, n. [add.] In geol., a term sometimes applied to denote vari- ous inundations, or deluges, supposed to have occurred at ditterent periods, and to have deposited different forma- tions of diluvian or drift. CAT'ACLYS'MAL, a. In geol, of or belonging to a cataclvsm. CATAFALQUE'. [Fr.] See Catafalco in Diet. CATALECTIC, o. [add.] In prosody, a catalcctic verse is one which wants a syllable of its proper length, or which terminates in an imperfect foot. CATALECTIC, n. In prosody, a verse wanting one syllable of its proper length. , CAT'ALOGUE-RAISONNE, n. (rfi- sonii'.) [Fr.] A catalogue of books, paintings, &c., classed according to their subjects. CATAL'PA, «. A genus of plants, nat. order Bignoniaceae. The species are trees with simple leaves, and terminal, panided flowers. C. syringeefoUa, a North American species, is well adapted for large shrubberies: its branches ai'e used for dyeing wool of a cinnamon colour. C. longissima contains much tannin in its bark, and is known in the "West Indies by the name of French oak. CATALYTIC, a. [add.] Catalytic force, that modification of the force of chemical affinity in certain bodies by which they resolve others into new compounds, merely by contact with them, or by an action of presence, as it has been termed. — Catalytic agent, a body which produces chemical changes in another merely by contact; thus, yeast resolves sugar, by contact, into carbonic acid and alcohol. CATAMARAN, n. [add.] Catamarans are used in short navigations along the sea-shore in the West Indies ; and on tlie coast of South America, catamarans of a very large size are employed. This name was also applied to the flat-bot- tomed boats constructed by Bonaparte for the invasion of England. CATECHUIC ACID CArS-EYE CAUSATION CATAMOUN'TAIN, } the mountain; the wild cat. ■CATANAD ROMOUSJ a. [Gr. »«r«, CATANa)[lOMOUS, > «»«,atida«o- juo;.] In ich., passing once a-year from salt-water into fresh, and returning, as the salmon. CATAPHON'ie, a. Relating to cata- phonics. CATAPH'ORA, n. [Gr. ko-tcc, and ^t^ar, to bear.] A variety of lethargy, ac- tended with short remissions, or inter- vals of imperfect waking, sensation, and speech- CATAR'RHINES, )". [Gr. *«t«, at, CATARRHl'NA, ] and ^.y, nose.] A tribe of quadrumanous animals, includ- ing those which have the nostrils ap- proximated, and the intervening septum narrow, as in the apes of the old world. CASTAS'TKOPHE, n. [add.] In gcol, a supposed change in the globe, from sudden physical violence, causing ele- vation or subsidence of the solid parts, or cataclysm of the waters. €ATAS'TROPHIST, n. In geol., one who believes in catastrophes, or in changes in the globe, from violent phy- sical causes. CATCH, V, i. [add.] To catch a Tartar. {See under Tartar.] CATCH,? «. A name given in commerce CUTCH,! to catechu. CATCH'-FLT, «. [add.] This name is applied to various species of plants of the genus Silene. [6'ee Silene.] €ATCH'LAND, n. Land of which it is not known to what parish it belongs. CATCH'-MEAD'OW, n. A meadow which is irrigated by vrater from a spring or rivulet on the declivity oi a hill. CATCH'INIENT, n. In hydraulics, a surface of ground, of which the drain- age is capable of being directed into a common reservoir ; a natural basin of greater or less area, of wliich the water is collected for economical purposes. A water-company is, accordingly, said to have so many square miles of catch- ment, or of catchment- ground, when the supply depends on the area of sur- face-drainage. CATCH'-PENNY, a. Made or got up to gain money; beyond its value ; worth- less; as, a catch-pen?iJ/ pamphlet. CATCH'-WEED, n- [add.] [See As- FERUGO in this Supi}.] CATCH'-WORD, n. [add.] Among actors, the last word of the preceding speaker, which reminds one that he is to speak next. CATCH'-WORK, n. A work or artifi- cial water-course, for throwing water on such lands as lie on the declivity of hills; a catch-drain. CATECHET'ICS, n. Oral instruction; teaching by question and answer. CAT'ECHINE, h. [add.] This peculiar principle is obtained not merely from catechu, strictly so called, but also from gambir, and some kinds of cinchona- bark. It is one of the most delicate tests of some of the salts of u'on, when these are devoid of any free acid, as it strikes a most beautiful dark-green colour, without precipitation. It is also employed as a therapeutic agent for arresting haemorrhage in distinct or- gans. CATECHIS'TICALLY, adv. In a catechistical manner. CATECHUIC ACID, v. Same as Catechin'e. [See Catechine in Diet. and Supp.] CAT EGORIZE, v, f. To place in a category or list ; to class. [Rar. its.] CA'TEL,t n. [Fr.] Goods; valuable things of all sorts. [Chaucer.] CATF'NA, n. [L.] A chain ; a series of things connected with each other; any band or tie ; a bond of union. -CAT'ENARY, ?i. A catenary curve. [See Catenarian.] €ATEN'ULATE, instead of CAT'EN- ULATE, a. [add.] In nat. hist., present- ing on the surface a series of oblong tubercles, resembling a cliain. CAT'ERAN, n. A kern ; a Highland or Irish irregular soldier; a freebooter. [Scotch.] ■CAT'ERPILLAR-EATERS, n. A name given to the larvae of certain ich- neumon flies ; also, to birds of the genus Campephaga. CAT'-FISH, n. [add.] This is the Anar- rhichas lupus, or wolf-fish, one of the most formidably-armed of our fish, from the size, strength, and number of its teeth. CAT'-GOLD, n. A variety of mica, of a yellowish colour. € A T 11 A R ' T E S, n. [Gr. ««0«{T^f, a cleanser, or scavenger.] A genus of the vulture family, containing the tur- key-buzzard, and other species of Ame- rican vultures, of great use, from their living on carrion. The species are often protected as public scavengers. CATHaRTOCaRP US, n. A genus of leguminous plants which was formerly comprehended under Cassia, but was separated by Persoon. C. fistula is the purging cassia ; C. javanicus, horse- cassia, a native of Java and the Moluc- cas, the pulp of which is used as a horse-medicine in the East Indies. [See Cassia in Diet, and Supp.] CAT'-HEAD STOPPER,) n.In .?;»>, €AT'-STOPPER, ) apiece of rope or chain rove through the ring of an anchor, for hanging it by, previously to casting anchor. CATHEDRA,! H. [See Cathedral.] ■CATH'EDRA,/ The episcopal chau- in a cathedral ; a professor's chair ; a place of authority. CATH'OLIC, n. [add.] A member of the church of Rome ; a Roman Catliolic. CATH'OLIC CHURCH, n. The de- signation which Roman Catholics give to the church of Rome. This church they define to be *' the community of the faithful united to their lawful pas- tors, in communion with the see of Rome or vnt\i the pope, the successor of St. Peter, and vicar of Christ on earth.*' [See the Adjective.] CATHOL'ICISM, or CATH'OLI- CISM. CATUOLaCOS, n. The spiritual head of the Armenian church, who ordains bishops, and consecrates the sacred oil used in religious ceremonies. CA'-THROW'.n. Di-^^tm-bance; preven- tion. [Scotch.] CAT'LING, n. [add.] Lute-string. [Shah.] CATOBXEPAS, n. A genus of rumi- nating quadrupeds, with a large soft muzzle, and horns bent down and again turned up. It belongs to the antelope family, and contains the gnu of South Africa. [See Gnu in Diet.] CAT'-ROPE, 71. A rope that hauls up the anchor of a ship from the water's- edge to the bow. CAT*S'-EYE, 71. A mineral consisting of quartz, inclosing annanthus or as- bestos, thence possessing the property described by the French as chatogaut. 85 CAT'S'-MILK, n. A plant; the Eu- phorbia helioscopia, called also wart- wort. €ATS'-PAW, n. [add.] The instrument which another uses to accomplish liis designs ; a dupe used by another to serve his own purposes, and to screen himself. [This application of the term is derived from the story of the monkey which, to save its own paw, used the paw of the cat to draw the roasting chestnuts out of the fire.] €AT'S'-PURR, 71. A characteristic sound of the chest as heard by the stethoscope. CAT'S'-TAIL, n. [add.] In bot. [See Reed-Mac'E.] CAT'S'-TAIL GRASS, 7i.Thecommon name of several British plants of the genus Phleum, but applied especially to the Phleum jyratense. [See Puleum.] C'AT'-STANES, h. [Br. cad, or Celt. c«iA, signifying a battle.] Conical cairns found in various parts of Scotland. CAT'STOPPER, n. See Cathead- Stoppeb in this Supp. ■CAU'CALIS, n. Bur-parsley, a genu? of plants. [See Bur-Parsles in this Supp.] CAU'DLE, V. t. [add.] To make into caudle. C AUF, n. [add.] A corb. — In coal-mines, a vessel, formerly of wicker or basket work, but now usually made of sheet- iron, and employed to raise the coal from the bottom of the shaft to the mouth of the pit. CAUFF, n. Chaff. [Scotch.] CAU'FLE, n. A band or drove of cap- tured negroes. CAUF-WARD, n. See Calf-Wakd in this Supp. CAU'KER, n. A calkin or calker. CAULD, 71. or a. Cold. [Scotch.] €AULD'RIFE, a. Chilly ; susceptible of cold. [Scotch.] CAU'LET, n. Colewort. CAU'LICLE, n. [L. caulicidus, a little stalk.] A term applied by some bota- nists to the neck of the embryo, to distinguish it from the plumule or oem- viule. The term cauUcles or caiilicidi is also applied to those small stems which proceed from buds formed at the neck of a plant, without the pre- vious production of a leaf. €AULKaNG, n. In arch., the mode of fixing the tie-beams of a roof, or the binding joists of a floor, down to the wall-plates. It is also termed cocking. CAULS, n. plur. Pieces of wood em- ployed to save work, when being glued together, from being injured by the screws used to press the parts into close contact until the glue has dried. CAUP, n. A cap, or wooden bowl. [See Cap.] [Scotch.] CAUSA'TION, instead of CAUS'A- TION, n. [add.] Various theories of causation have been propounded; but although the subject has been oue on which the most subtle thinkers have always exerted their powers of analysis, opinions remain still as conflicting as when the inquiry first began. It ap- pears, hoivever, to be agreed that, although in evpry instance we actually perceive nothing more than that the event, change, or phenomenon B, al- ways follows the event, change, or phe- nomenon A, yet that we naturally believe in the existence of some un- known quality or circumstance, belong- ing to the antecedent A, in virtue uf which the consequent B always has been, is, and will be produced. CAVENDISH EXPERIMENT CEDAR-BIRD CELLULARIl CAUSE, n. [add.] Material cause of a thing, that out of which the thing is made, or that tpn wliich the agent works to produce the eft'ect; as the marble out of which a statue is made. — Formal causey that which must supervene to the uiatter or material, in order to give the thing its precise individual exist- ence astliat thing and no other; as the shape which the sculptor communicates to the marble. CAUS'ENjt V. i. To assign reasons; to argue or debate. [Spenser.] €AUS'Tie, \a.[add,]FiguraHvcI>/, ■CAUS'TICAL, f severe; cutting: as, a caustic remark. ■tAUS TIC ALLY, adv. In a caustic or severe manner. CAUSTICITY, n. [add.] Figuratively^ severity ; cutting remark. CAU'SUS, n. [add.] A burning remit- tent fever. CAU'TELS, n. plur. Deceitful pur- poses. [Shak.] CAU'TERANT, n. A cauterizing sub- stance. CAViE'DIUM, n. [Lat.] An open court in the houses of the ancients, supposed to be the same as atrium, or hall. CAVALRY, n. [add.] In the British armj/y the cavalry/ consists of two regiments of life-guards, one of horse- guards, seven of dragoon -guards, and seventeen of light dragoons. A com- plete regiment of cavalry is divided into four squadrons, and each of these into two troops, and to each troop is assigned a captain, a lieutenant, and a cornet. CAVD.t ^ pp. [See Cave.] Made CAV'ED,f> hoUow. [Spenser.] CA'VEAT, n. [add.] As a general law term, a caveat denotes a formal notice or caution given, by a party interested, to a court, judge, or public officer, against tlie performance of certain judicial or ministerial acts. The com- mon law takes no notice whatever of a caveat; but in the spiritual courts a caveat is said to be binding for three months. CA'VENDISH EXPERIMENT,n. An important experiment for determining the density of the earth, suggested by the Rev. John Mitchell, and tirstmade by the celebrated Henry Cavendish; J fterwards repeated by Professor Reich, uf Freiberg; and finally in a much more complete way by the late Francis Baily, of London, at the expense of the British Government. The nature of the ex- periment consists in determining the relative attraction of masses of lead of known magnitude and density by means of the torsion -balance. The balance, consisting of a deal-rod six feet in length, with a ball of lead at each end, about two inches diameter, was sus- pended horizontally from a beam by a tine metallic wire of forty inches length. Immediately under the balance a strong plank of eight feet length was placed, l.aving at each end a leaden ball of twelve inclies diameter, and capable of turning about an axis in tlie line of the wire of the torsion-balance. The object was then to determine how much the small balls were attracted out of their places horizontally by the large balls, and from this to compute the force of the mutual attraction of the masses; and tlience, by known methods, the density of the earth could be calculated from a comparison of its attractive force, which is very exactly known by experiments on the pendulum. The result obtained by Cavendish gave the mean density of the earth equal to 5"45 times tliat of water; Reich found it equal to 5-4-4 ; but Baily, whose experi- ments were conducted with every con- ceivable precaution and variation, made it as high as 5675, ^ith a probable error of -0038. Hence, the actual weight of the earth, in terms of the pound avoirdupois, may be calculated from the formula, 5675 X 02'231 X vo- lume of the earth in cubic feet. CAVERNOUS, a. [add.] In anaf., a term applied to a ganglion of the head, and to two sinuses of the sphenoid bone. CAVERNOUS TEXTURE, h. In geol.y a term applied to that texture of aggregated compound rocks which is characterized by the presence of nume- rous small cavities, as in lava. CA'VERS, n. Offenders relating to the mines in Derbyshire, punishable in the bergmote, or miners-court ; also, officers belonging to the same mines. CAVE -SWALLOW, n. A species of swallow indigenous to the West Indies, which suspends its mud-formed nest to the roofs of caves on the sea-shore. This swallow is the Hirundo pocciloma of naturalists. CA'VEY, ) . . re- , 1.^ CA'VIE 4 "* A hen-coop. [Scotch.] CA'VID^, H. The guinsa-pig tribe, a family of rodents inhabiting tropical America, where they replace the hares and rabbits of cold climates. CAVILS, n. In sea Ian. [See Kevels.] CA'VY, n. [add.] A genus of rodent animals (Cavia), natives of tropical America, which seems to hold a middle place between the mouse and rabbit tribes. The most familiar example of this genus is the well-known little animal called the guinea-pig (Cavia C'jbaya). CAW, n. The cry cf the rook or crow. CAWF, n. Same as Cauf, — which see. CAW'ING, n. The crying of the crow, rook, or raven. CAWK, w. See Cauk. CAWK'Y, a. See Caury. CAW'-QUAW, n. A species of porcu- pine found in Canada {Erethizon dor- saium). Its spines wore often used as ornaments by the Indians. CaY, IvAY, or t'AY O, n. [Sp. cayo, a rock, a shoal, an islet.] Names given to small islands, generally sandbanks or shoals, wliich appear above water. [Often improperly termed keys.] CAY'TIVE,t a. [See Caitiff.] Base.— Cai/tive courage, a mean and abject mind or spirit. [Spenser.] CE^BUS, n. A genus of monkeys, with a wide space between the nostrils. The species are peculiar to South America. [See Sapajous.] CECIDOMY'IA, ». [add.] The larvse of these insects often occasion great mis- chief to the corn-crops, from their ravages on the gro^\ing cereal plants. The far-famed Hessian tly is one of them. CECRO'PIA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Urticacea?. The species inhabit South America. They are beautiful plants, attaining to a height of upwards of fifteen feet. CE'CROPS, n. A genus of crustaceans found on the gills of the tunny and turbot. They belong to the family Poecilopoda (Cuv.) CEDAR, a. Made of cedar; belonging to cedar. CE'DAR-CIRD, h. The American Stt wax\\-ing {Ampelis americanus) is so called in tlie United States, from the trees which it chiefiy frequents. CEDRE'LA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Cedrelaceae. The bark is frag- rant and resinous. The bark of C. toonay bastard -cedar, or toon-wood, an East Indian species, is a powerful astringent, and is accounted febrifugal. C. odorata is the cedar of the British West India islands. The bark of C. febrifugay a native of Java, is said to have a better effect on some of the fevers of India than cinchona. It is also a powerful astringent, and the wood is good for many purposes. CEDRELACExE, «. A nat. order of polypetalous exogenous plants. [-See Cehrele^.] CEDBE'LE.'E, n. For Cedrela Swie- tenia, read Cedrela, Swietenia, CEINT'lJKE,ti„.Aeincture;agirdle. CELAKDINE, n. In chem., a poisonous principle extracted from the swallow- wort iChelidoiiiiim mojus). CELAPKAXITEL'LIS, n. A modern southern constellation containing six- teen stars. CELASTKA'CE^, n. [add.] This order of plants is not of much econo- mical importance. The commonest European form of the order is the genus Euonymus (Linn.), or spindle-tree. CEL'EBRANT.n. One who celebrates; one who performs a public religious rite ; applied particularly to the offi- ciating priest in the Koman Catholic church. CEL'EBRATE, v. i. [add.] To mention often; to talk of ; to solemnize. CEL'EBRATED, a. Having celebrity; distinguished ; well-known ; famous. CELES'TIALNESS, n. The quality of being celestial. [liare.^ CEL'IBACT, instead of CELIB'ACT. CEL'IBATE, n. [add.] One who ad- heres to or practises celibacy. CEL'IBATE, a. Unmarried; single; as, a celibate state. CELIB'ATIST, «. One who lives or adheres to a single life. [Rare.^ CEL'IBITE, 71. A monk living under a common and regular discipline ; an adherent to single life. CEL'LARAGE, ii. [add.] Charge for storage in a cellar. CELL-BRED, a. Bred in a cell; brought up in a cell. CELLETORA, n. A genus of corals, belonging to the family Cellularii. It consists of masses of small calcareous vesicles or cells, crowded one upon another, and each perforated by a little liole. CEL'LULAR,a. [add.] In ana(., a term applied to designate the structure of the mastoid process, the structm'e of the lungs, &c. — Cellular tissue, same as cellular membrane, — ichich see. [See f.lso Tissue.] CELLULA'RES, n. A name given to one of the grand divisions of the vege- t:ible kingdom, consisting of plants tlie tissues of which are principally cellular. They form the greater portion of the acotyledonous or cryptogamic plants. [See A'ascdlares.] CELLULA'RIA, n. A genus of corals, in which tlie cells are so arranged as to form branching stems, but without a tube of communication to the axis. CELLULARII, n. A family of corals in which each polypus is adherent in a corneous or calcareous shell, mth thin parietes. CENSURE CENTRE CENTROPUS CEL'LULOSE, a. Containing cells. CEL'LULOSE, n. In bat., the essential part of tlie structure of cells and ves- sels. It is in many respects allied to starch, and is changed into starch by heat, sulphuric acid, or caustic potash ; when iodine is applied to it, it becomes yellow, unless sulphuric acid be added, when, by its conversion into starch, a blue colour is produced. Cellulose has been also recently detected in the tunics of ascidia and other molluscous animals. CEL'SIA, 71. A genus of ornamental planti, nat. order Scrophulariaceje. Several species are cultivated in this country as green-house plants. CELT, 1 n. [add.] It appears CEL'TIC, > from various writers CEL'TICISM,) on Celtic antiquities, that the word Celt was originally pro- nounced Kelt, in accordance with the Greek form of its plural, Karci or Ko.Tai, but it seems to have been introduced into our language from the Latin Celta, Welsh Celt, or Gaehc Cei7^,and accord- ingly it has received the pronunciation Selt, in conformity with a rule in Eng- lish orthoepy, viz., that when C initial is followed bye, t,or y^it uniformly takes its soft sound. CELT, n. In arch^oL, an implement, sometimes made of stone and sometimes of metal, found in an- cient tumuli and bar- rows of the Celtic pe- riod, in Great Britain, Ireland, and on the continent of Europe. Some have supposed the celt to be a weapon of offence, while others have contended that it is a tool which served the united purpose of an axe and a chisel. CEL'TIC or ELFIN PIPES,H. Ancient pipes which have been found in Scot- land and Ireland, showing that smok- ing had been practised in this country long before the time of Raleigh. In place of tobacco, however, it is sup- posed that a kind of moss was used. CEMENT', n. [add.] Among builders, those hydraulic limes which do not contain magnesia are termed cements. They set quickly. CEMENTA'TION, n. [add.] Iron is converted into steel by cementat'iuit with the powder of charcoal ; green bottle-glass is converted into porcelain by cementation with sand, itc. CEN'OTAPHY, n. Same as Ceno- taph. CEN'SER, n. [add.] A vessel for burn- ing and wafting incense, used by the ancients in their sacrifices to the gods. CEN'SOR, n. [add.] In schools and seminaries, a pupil appointed to keep the register of all who attend, to mark those who are absent each day or meet- ing, to report faults, &c. CEN'SORSHIP, n. [add.] Censorship of the press, a regulation which for- merly prevailed in most countries of Europe, and is still in force in many, according to which, printed books, manuscripts, pamphlets, and news- papers, are examined by persons ap- pointed for the purpose, who are em- powered to prevent publication if they see sufficient reason ; that is, if they find anything in such books or writings obnoxious to the prevailing political or religious svstems. CENS'URE, n. [add.] Opinion. [Shah.] CENS'URE, V. t. [add.] Simply, to judge. CEN'SUREK, H. One who censures. CENTAU'EEA, n. Centaury, a very extensive genus of plants, nat. order Composite. C. cyanus, corn blue- bottle, C. moschata, pm-ple or white sidtan, and C. suaveolens, yellow sultan, are sometimes cultivated in gardens, but the species in general are of very little importance, and many ai-e mere weeds. CENTENA'RIOUS, a. Belonging to a hundred years. [Rar. us.] CEN'TlGRAiAiaiE, n. [Fr.J See Cek- TIGKAM. CEN'TILKTRE, n. [Fr.] See Centi- liter. CENTifME', n. [Fr.] The hundredth part of a franc. CEN'TIMETRE, n. [Fr.] See Centi- meter. CEN'TIPEDE, n. See Centiped. CENTORYN'CHUS, in Diet., read CENTORHYN'CHUS. CEN'TRAL ECLIPSE, n. An annular eclipse, — which see. It is so named be- cause tlie centres of the sun and moon appear to coincide. CEN'TRAL FORCES, n. In mech., those forces which govern a body mov- ing in a curve. CEN'TRALISM, ». The quality of being central ; the combination of several parts into one whole ; centrali- zation. CENTRALIZA'TION, n. [add.] The act of bringing or reducing to a centre, or within a small compass; the com- bination of several parts or things into one whole. CEN'TRALIZE, v. t. [add.] To render central; to bring within a small com- pass ; to combine several parts or things into one whole. CENTRAN'THUS. n. [Gr. xi^r^c,, a spur, and onBoi, a flower.] A genus of plants, nat. order Valerianaceai, distin- guished from the true valenan by the spur, and having only one stamen. The species are smooth herbs, with white or red tlowers. C. ruber, red- flowered spmTcd valerian, is a sweet- . scented plant, a native of Britain, and grows in chalk-pits and on old walls. Some of the species are grown in gar- dens, and are elegant border-flowers. CEN'TRE, n. [add.] In a general sense, any point of a figure or solid body, such that the whole of the figure or body migiit be collected into that point, without any alteration in some respect or other, which is specified. In a solid figure of uniform density, the centre is the same with the centre of gravity. — Centre of dis2}lacement, in ship-building, the mean centre of that part of the vessel which is immersed in the water. It is also called the centre of cavity, and sometimes the centre of immersion, or centre of buoy- ancy. — Centre of attraction, the point to which bodies tend, in consequence of the action of gravity.— CeH/re of equilibrium of a system of bodies, a point such, that if the system were suspended from it, the whole would remain in equilibrium. — Centre of a conic section, that point which bisects any diameter, or that point in which all the diameters intersect each other. —Centre of a curve of the higher hind, the point where two diameters concur. — Centre of friction, that point on which anything turns when put in rapid and independent motion ; thus 87 the extremity of the peg round which a top spins, is the centre of friction. — Centre of a basiiojK a point in the mid- dle of the gorge of a bastion, whence the capital line commences, and is generally at the angle of the inner polygon. — Cadres of a door, in arch., the two pivots on which the door turns. — Centre of gyration, the point at which, if the whole mass of a re- volving body were collected, the ro- tatory effect would remain unaltered. — Centre of oscillation, the point of a body suspended by an axis, at which, if all the matter were concentrated, the oscillations would be pei-formed in tlie same time. — Centre of percussion, the point at which, if a moving body en- countered an immovable obstacle, the motion w^oidd be arrested without pro- ducing any strain on the axis. It co- incides with the centre of oscillation, when the percutient body moves about a fixed point ; and with the centre of gravity, wlien the body moves in a straight line. — The cadre of pressure of a fluid against a plane, is the point at which, if the wliole pressure of the fluid were concentrated,the plane would sustain it without being inclined to either side. — Ceidre of gravity, a point in the interior of a body, so situated, that any plane whatever that passes through it, divides the body into t\^'0 pai-ts, of which the weights are exactly equal. [See Gravity.] — Centre of con- version, a point in a body, about which it turns, or tends to turn, when a force is applied to any part of it, as when a bar of h-on lies horizontally, and is struck at one end perpendicularly to its length, one point in the rod remains at rest, as a centre about w hich all the other points tend to revolve. CEN'TRE-BIT, n. A carpenter's tool for boring large circular holes, which turns on an axis or central point when in operation. [See Bit, and Stock in Bid.] CEN'TRE - GARTH, n. A buryiug- ground. [Aticient Jiites of Durham.] CENTRIC IT Y, n. The state of being centric. CENTRIF'UGAL, a. [add.] Centrifu- gal evolution, or centrifugal inflores- cence, in hot., that kind of inflo- rescence in which the terminal or central flower is the first to expand, as in a true cyme. The elder and vale- rian furnish examples. It is also called definite injlorescence. CEN'TRING, n. The act or operation of placing or fixing on a centre, or of collecting toa point. [6'ee Centering.] CENTRIP'ETAL, a. [add.] Centri- petal evolution, or centripetal it{fio- rescence, in hot., that kind of inflores- cence in wliich tlie lower or outer flower is the first to expand, as in spikes, racemes, umbels, corymbs, and heads. The laburnum, hemlock, onion, and daisy are examples. It is also called indefinite inilorescence. CENTRIP ETENCY, n. Tendency to the centre CENTROLIN'EAL, a. [L. centrum, a centre, and linea, a line.] A term ap- plied to lines converging to a centre. CENTROLIN'EAL, n. See Centko- LINEAD. CEN'TKOPUS, n. [Gr. «4.ts«, a spur, and iTti/f, afoot.] The pheasant- cuckoo, a genus of scansorial birds, belonging to the cuckoo family ; so called from the long, spur-like claw of one of the hind- toes. They bring up their own young. CERAMIDIDM CERTHIAD.E CETRARIA CENTUNeULUS, n. A gemis of plants, imt. order Primulaceie. The only species is C. minimus, bastard- pimpernel, or cliaff-weed, a native of Britain. It is a very minute plant, ^Wth a prostrate siera, and flowers of a pale rose coUuu-. It grows in damp, sandy, and gravelly places. CE'01vL,t u. A freeman of the lower rank among the Anglo-Saxons. [Com- pare Churl.] CEPH.ALAL'6ie, n. A medicine for the headache. CEPH.U.ANTHE'RA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Orehidaceie. It is, however, rather a section of Epipactis than a distinct genus. There are three British species, known by the common name of helleborine. CEPHALAS'PIS, 71. A genus of fishes, now fomid only in a fossil state in the Cephalaspis tyellii. old red sandstone. The liead is very large, and is formed of a large buckler, which is prolonged behind into two points. CEPH.Ail'TlS,?!. Inflammation of the brain. CEPH'ALODTNE, n. [Gr. »i;.x„, the head, and eSum. pain.] Headache; pain in the head. CEPHALOP'ODOUS, a. Pertaining to the cephalopoda. CEPHALOP'TEKUS, n. A section of the genus Coracina, or fruit-crows, having an enlarged crest of feathers on the head, which advances in front, and overshadows the bill. CEPHALOTACE.E, «. A natural order of exogenous plants. It con- tains only one single genus, and that genus consists of only one species, the Cephahtus foUicularis, New Holland pitcher-plant. This plant has small, white flowers, witli a simple scape, bearing a compound terminal spike ; the leaves are exstipulate, and have mingled amongst them operculate pitchers. CEPHALOTES, n. A genus of coleop- terous insects belonging to the tribe Carabidw, also called Broscus. One species, B. cephahtes, is common in this country, especially near the sea. — Also, a genus of the bat family (Cheir- optera). CEPHALOTHO'RAX, n. [Gr. x,fx>.^, the head, and ejujaf. the thorax.] The anterior division of the body in spiders, scorpions, &c., wliich consists of the head and chest blended together. CEPH'ALOUS, a. Having a head. CEPH'ALUS, n. A genus of gymno- dontes, found in the European seas. The short sun-tish (C brevis) is an example. The genus derives its name from the fish composing it, appearing as if all head (xufxin). [See cut in Diet. Siix-Fisn. | CERAJIIC, a. [Gr. «t{«u«s, potter's- clay.] Of or belonging to tiie fictile arts, or the manufacture of porcelain and earthenware. Jlore properly Keiamic. CER.\MID'IUJr, H. Among alya, a peculiar kind of conceptaculum, being always external, furnished vrith a ter- minal pore, and containing a tuft of pear-shaped spores or tetras'pores ; tliev are usually ovate, spherical, or m*n- shaped. CER'APUS, n. .\ genus of amphipodous crustaceans, which live in a tube, some- what as the caddis-worm among insects. CER'ASITE, n. [add.] The native mu- ri,ate of lead. CERAS'TES, H. [add.] A genus of In- dian and African vipers, remarkalile for their fatal venom, and for two little Cerastes, Cem^tet horrldu4. horns or pointed bones, pla<'ed one over each eye. Hence tliey have re- ceived the name of horned vipers. C. horridiis is an example. CERASTIUM, H. [add.] Mouse-ear chickweed, a genus of herbaceous plants. CER'ATO-GLOS'SDS, n. [Gr. «se«t, a horn, and yitassm. tlie tongue.] In anaL, a muscle running from one of the cornua of the os-hyo'ides to the tongue. CERATOPHYLLA'CE^, n. A small group of plants, of very doubtful aftinity, but perhaps nearest Urticacea;. It com- prehends the single genus Ceratophyl- lum. CERATOPHYL'LUM, n. [Gr. «!..j,a horn, and ^i,}.>.n. a leaf.] Horn-wort, a genus of aquatic plants, nat. order Ceratophyllaceie. Two species inhabit Britain. CER ATOPHY'TA, n. A tribe of corals, the internal axis of which has the ap- pearance of wood or horn. CERAU'NITE, n. [Gr. x^xv^c;, thun- der.] In mill., thunder-stone. CERCLE,! «. A circle. [Chaucer.] CER€OP'ID.E, n. A family of ho- mopterous insects, remarkable for their grotesque forms. It includes the cuckoo- spits and frog-hoppers. The exotic spe- cies are very numerous, and often very showy. CER€OPITHE CUS, h. [Gr. «e;«.-. a tail, and -nhxc:, an ape.] A genus of long-tailed monkeys, found in Africa. Tliey are very active, and are often pret- tily variegated. CEREBER'IUM.t n. An iron skull- cap for tlie head of a soldier. CER'EBRIC ACID, ». A fatty acid, forming one of the components of brain . CER'EBROSE, a. Brain-sick ; mad ; wilful. [Rare.} CER'EBRO-SPINAL, a. In anat., the cerebro-spinal system of nerves is the bundle of nerves with which the spinal cord terminates at its lowest extremity. CER EBKUJI, «. [add.] The chief por- tion of tlie brain, occupjnng the whole upper cavity of the skull. CE'RIA, «. A genus of dipterous insects, of the family Syrphidje. C.conopsoidcs is a British species. The antennae are united at the base. CER'IAL.f a. Belonging to the species of oak called cerru.^. [Cliaucer.'] CERIC ACID,n. An acid produced by the action of tlie fixed alkalies on wax. CER TAIN,t «• Quantity; part. [Chau- cer.'] CERTAINLT. adv. [add.] At least. CERTHI'ADJJ. n. A family of perch- ingbirds, consisting of the tree-creepers, nut-hitches, &c. S8 CER'TIE, n. By tm, certie, a kind of oath equivalent to, by my faith ; in good troth. [Scotch.] CERT' MONEY, «. [Certain monej/.] Head-money, paid yearly by the resiants of several manors to the lords thereof, for the certain keeping of the leet, and sometimes to the hundred. CERU'MINOUS, a. Relating to or con- taining cerumen. CERU'RA, n. A genus of bombycidous moths, of which the best known is the C. vinula, or puss-moth, wliicli feeds on the willow, poplar, &c. The caterpil- lars have a cm'ious anal appendage, which is extensile ; hence the name (»£§«,-. a horn, and tv^x. a tail). CER'VID.E, »i. Tlie stag tribe, a fa- mily of ruminant animals, in which the antlers are periodically cast off. CER'VIX, n. [L.] The neck; the hinder- pai*t of tlie neck, the fore-part being termed colluni. The same term is also applied to the neck of the bladder, and of tlie uterus. CES'ED,t pp. For seised. [Chaucer.] CESSA'VIT, H. [add.] This writ was abolished by 3 and 4 AVm. IV-, c. 27. CESSE,t r.i. [Ft.] To cease. [Chaucer.] CESTOIDEA, n. [Gr. «i. CEYLON' MOSS. n. The Fucus amyla- ceuSf a cryptogamie plant, of the order AlgfE. It grows in Ceylon and on the east coast of Bengal, and it has been lately introduced as a substitute for farinaceous foods. CHABLIS, 71. (shab-le'.) [Fr.] A white French wine. CHACE, Jh See Chase. t. To chase; to pursue. A snack ; a luncheon. CHACE,t [Chaucer.] CHACK, 7. [Scotch.] CHACK, V. i. In the manege, to beat upon the hand, as a horse that does not hold his head steady, but tosses up his nose and shakes his head to avoid the subjection of the bridle. CHACMA, n. A baboon found in South Africa {Cynocephahis porcarius). CHA€ONE', ) «. [Sp. chacona.] A tune " " "N'J CUACOON resembling and saraband. kind of dance CHAFF'-€UTTER,) 7*. An agricul- CHAFF'-EN6INE, ) tural machine for cutting up hay, straw, &;c., into chaflP, as food for cattle. CHAF'FINCH, n. [add.] TheFringilla ccelebs, whose short and often-repeated song is heard early in spring. CHAFTRED,t ) pp. [See Chaffer.] CHAF'FERED,t3 Sold; exchanged. [Spenser.] CHAFF'- WEED, «. [add.] [See Cen- TUNCULUS.] CH AFaNG-GE AR, «. In ships, mats or other soft substances placed on the rig- ging, spars, &c., to prevent chafing. — Chajing -boards, battens fastened upon the rigging of a ship to prevent its being chafed. CHAFTS, n. Jaws. [Scotch.] CHAIN'-BOLTS, n. In ships, the bolts by which the chain-plates are fastened to the vessel's sides. CHaIN'-€ABLE, or CHAIN, n. A cable composed of iron links. [See under Chain ; see also Cable.] CHAIN'-LOCKEK, ) w. In ships, the CHAIN'-WELL, f receptacle for the chain-cable below deck. The deck- pipe, through which it passes, is made of iron. Steam- vessels have frequently a movable box on deck for this purpose. CHAIN'-PLATES, n. In ships, iron plates for the r^irpose of securing the shrouds of the lower rigging to the ves- sel's sides. They are also called channel- plates. CHAIN'-R (JLE, n. A rule of arithmetic, by which, when a succession or chain of equivalents is given, the last of each being of the same kind as the first of the next, a relation of equivalance is established between numbers of the first and last kind mentioned. Thus — if 112 lbs. avoirdupois make 104 lbs. of Hol- land, and 100 lbs. of Holland make 89 of Geneva, and 110 of Geneva make 117 of Seville, how many lbs. of Seville will make 100 lbs. avoirdupois ? The process of solving such questions is nothing but that of composition of ra- tios, and therefore may be brought un- der compound proportion CHAIN'-WHEEL, n. An inversion of the chain-pump, by which it is con- verted into a recipient of water-power. It consists uf a bucket-chain, which passes over a pulley F, and through a I. — Supp. pipe A, of such a size that the buckets very nearly fill its section. The water flows into the pipe at the upper end, and descending,carries the buckets with it, thus setting the whole chain, and therefore the pulley in motion. This wheel is also knowTi as Lamoliere's pis- ton-wheel, the application having been first made by Lamoliere. It is said to realize from 71 to 72 per cent, of the power of the water. CHAIR, n. [add.] Joint-chaiVy one that secures the connection of two rails in a railway. CHAIR, or CHAIR'-DAY, n. A term used by Shak. for the evening of life. CHAIR, V, t. To place or carry in a chair ; to carry publicly in a chair in triumph ; applied to a popular candi- date for otiice who has gained his elec- tion. CHaIR'ED, pp. or a. Canied or seated on a chair. CHAlR'ING, ppr. and n. Carrying a successful candidate in a chair, in token of triumph. CHAISE'-LOUNOE, n. [Fr.] A sort of sofa, open at one end. CHArSET,t n. [Old Fr.] An upper gar- ment. CHALXEDON, n. Same as Chalce- dony. CHALCEDONY, or CHAL'CE- DONY. CHALCOG'RAPHY, n. [Gr. ;t«=^*«, brass, and y^ufw, to engrave.] A modern term for the art of engraving on copper. CHALDE'AN, a. Relating to Chaldea. CHAL'DER, n. A dry measure for grain consisting of sixteen bolls. [Scotch.] CHAL'DER, 7(. In ships, a name given to that part of the rudder-band which is bolted to the stern-post, and into which the pintle goes down. It is also called rudder-gudgeon. — A dumh-chalder is a species of cleat fixed to the stern-post so as one of the pintles may rest upon it, thereby easing the strain of the others and lessening the friction. CHAL'LENGE,«. [add.] An in\'itation to a contest of any kind ; as, a.challe}ige to a public debate ; the act of a sentry who challenges those who appear at or near his post. — In elections, an excep- tion to a person as not legally qualified to vote. — In criminal cases, challenges may be made either on the part of the crown or on that of the prisoner, and either to the whole array or to the se- parate polls. In capital cases, the pri- soner is allowed an arbitrary species of challenge without showing any cause at all, limited, in cases of treason, to thirty-five, and in felonies, to twenty. CHAL^LENOE, v. t. [add.] In elections, to object to a person as not legally qualified to vote. 89 CHAL'LTS, V. (shariy.) An elegant twilled, fine woollen fabric. €HA'MA, n. [Gr. x«^, to gape.] The gaping-cockle, a genus of large, marine, bivalve shells, belonging to the family Chamaceae. The valves of the shell are equal, elate, and convex, and the mouth gapes, as in the oyster. C. gigas, or giant-chama, is the largest and heaviest shell yet discovered. It is found in the Indian Ocean. CHAMA'CEANS, w- See Chamacej:. CHAM^'LEDON FROCUM'BENS, instead of CHAM^E'LEON FRO- CUM'BENS. CHAM^LEON'ID.^, h. The cham- aeleon tribe, a family of saurians. It consists but of one genus, Chameeleo. [See Chameleon.] CHAM'ANXSM, > n. The idolatrous SHAM'ANISM, > worship of the Os- tiaks, Samoyedes, and other Finnish tribes. [See Shamanism.] CHaM'BER, 7!. [add.] Chamber of com- merce, a board to protect the interests of commerce, chosen from among the merchants and traders of a city. — Cham- bers of the eye, the space between the cornea and anterior surface of the iris, called the anterior chamber ; and the space between the posterior surface of the iris and the crystalline lens, called the posterior chamber; both spaces be- ing filled with the aqueous humour. CH AM'BER-€0UN'SEL, n. See under Chamber. CHaM'BERED, pp. or a. Shut up, as in a chamber. - In conchol., divided into compartments by walls or partitions ; as, a chambered shell. CHAM'BERERE,t n. [Fr.] A cham- ber-maid. [Chaucer.] CHAM'BERLAIN,n. [add.] An otlicer charged with the direction and manage- ment of the private apartments of a monarcli or noble. He was originally keeper of the treasure -chamber, and hence, in some municipal corporations, the term denotes treasurer. The duties which devolve upon the lord great- chamberlain of England are the dress- ing and attending on the king at his coronation ; the care of the ancient palace of Westminster; the provision of furniture for the houses of Parlia- ment, and for Westminster Hall when used on great occasions ; and attending upon peers at their creation, and upon bishops when they perform theii* hom- age. The office is now jointly held by the families of Cholmondeley and Wil- loughby de Eresby, and the honours are enjoyed in each alternate reign by each family successively. The oflice of lord- chamberlain of the king's household is quite distinct from that of the great- chamberlain, and is changed with the administration. This ofiicer has the control of all parts of the household {except the ladies of the queen's bed- chamber) which are not under the di- rection of the lord-steward, the groom of the stole, or the master of the horse. The king's (queen's) chaplains, physicians, surgeons, &c., as well as the royal tradesmen, are by his appoint- ment ; the companies of actors at the royal theatres are under his regulation; and he is also the licenser of plays. He lias under him a vice-chamberlain. CHAMBERS, n. Rooms or apartments belonging to the inns of court. CHAM'BER-STORY. n. That story of a house which is appropriated for bed- rooms. €HAME'LE0N,». [add.] Thechamele- 7p CHANGE- WHEELS CHAPEL CHARITY ons are now formed into a distinct Kenus, Chaniieleo, family Chamaeleo- nidie. C. vuhjaris is an inhabitant vi Africa, India, Egypt, Barbary, and south of Spain. There ai"e several other species. €UAI\rELOT,t V. Camlet. [Sjienser.] CHAI\rFKED,t /'/>. [See Chamfek.J _^Chapt or wrinkled. ^Spenser.] Chamois, n. (sham-me or shamiJi'.) The Antelope rnpicapra, which inhabits the alpine regions of Western Europe. CHAJIP, n. The name given to a valu- able kind of timber produced in the East Indies by MannuUa cxcelsa. CHAMTAIN-LINE, «. In ornamental carved ivorli, formed of excavations, the line parallel to the continuous line, either ascending; or descending. CHAM PARTlE.t "• L^r.] A share of land; a partnersliip in power. [Chau- cer.] CHANCE, n. [add.] A term applied to events which do not happen in confor- mity iNith any law of sequence; which are not related through causation, and in which there are no grounds fur inferring a uniformity. Eventsare, sepai-ately, the effects of causes, and therefore of laws, and do not therefore happen by chanuu?, or casually; but two events which are neither cause and effect, nor the effects of the same cause, nor the effects of causes between which there subsists a law of co-existence, are conjoined by chance; they co-exist or succeed each other by chance. CHivNCEjf adv. By chance; per- cliancc. CHANCELLOR, n. [add.] Chancellor of a diocese, or of a bishop, the vicar- general to tlie bishop, who holds his courts, and directs and assists him in matters of ecclesiastical law. — Chan- cellor of ilia dnchij of Lancaster, an officer who presides either in person, or by deputy, in the court of the duchy of Lancaster concerning all matters of equity, relating to lands holden of the king (queen) in right of the duchy of Lancaster. CHANCE'-MEDLEY, n. [add.] Origin- ally this term signified a casual affray or riot, accompanied with violence, but without deliberate or preconceived ma- lice ; but it is applied at present to a particular kind of homicide, viz., the killing of another in self-defence, upon a sudden and unpremeditated encoun- ter. The term lias been sometimes applied to any kind of homicide by mis- adventure, but in strictness is appli- cable to such killing only as happens in defending ona's self against attack. CHAN'CERY, n. [add.] In Scotland there is no com't of chancery separate from the courts of common law, tho whole judicatures of Scotland having i become subject to the court of session, i where the chancellor in former times ' presided, dispensing both equity and j common law. — Inns of chancery. \_See I under Inn.] CHAN'CY, a. Lucky. [Scotch.] CHANDLER, n. [add.] A dealer in I general ; tho particular meaning of the term being determined by a prefix ; as, I tallow-c//n7«//(??*, ship-s, the channels (main, fore, and mizen) ore yjieces of plank, of considerable thickness, pro- jecting horizontally from the vessel's sides. The chain-plates ai-e carried through notches on their outer edge, in Shromls extended on the Ch&nnela. orde r to extend the shrouds of the lower rigging, and keep them clear of the gun- wale. They are also called chain-icales, guard - boards, or channel - boards. — • Channel-plates. [See Chain-Plates.] CHANSONNETTE', n. [Fr.] A Uttle song. CHANT, n. [add.] A peculiar kind of sacred music, in which prose is sung with less variety of intonation than in common airs. CHANT'ER,n. [add.] TheEnglish name of Accentor, the genus of bii'ds contain- ing the hedge-sparrow. CHXNT'ERlE,t n. [Fr.] An endow- ment for the payment of a priest to sing mass agreeably to the appointment of the founder. [5ee Chantry.] [Chau- cer.] CHXNT-ING, n. [add.] The act of sing- ing or uttering after the manner of a chant. CHAP'EAU BRAS, n. (shap'po bni.) [Fr.] A kind of military hat which can be ffattened and put under the arm {bras.) CHAP'EL,n. [add.] This term is pretty generally used to designate the places of worship erected by various sects of Dissenters under the Act of Toleration. The name chapel is generally given, by Protestants at least, to the Roman Catholic places of worship. — Chapel is 90 also a name given to a printer*s work- house, said to be so designated because printing was first carried on by Caxtou in a chapel attached to AVestrainster Abbey. CHAPERON, M. [add.] One who at- tends a lady to public places, as a guide or protector. CHAP'LAINRY, n. Same as Cuap- CHAP'MANHEDE,t n. The condition of a chapman or tradesman. [Chaucer] CHAP'PIT, 2>p. Struck; pounded; mashed. [Scotch.] CHAPS. 71. ftlur. The iaws of a vice. CHAP'TEK, n. [add.] In cedes, politij, the canons in the cathedral or conven- tual churches, when assemblecl, form what is called the chapter. Anciently the chapter was the council of the bishop. — The members of the College of Arms are said to hold a chapter, when they meet to confer on the busi- ness of their office ; and in like manner, chapters of the order of the Garter are held. — The term chapter is also applied to an organized branch of some society or fraternity, as of the free-masons, &c. CHAR, «. [add.] A single, separate act; a turn ; a bout. CHaR, for Chariot. [Chaucer.] CHA'RA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Characere, or, as some think, a genus of alga;. The species are jointed leafless plants, with verticillate branch- es, composed either of one or of several tubes adhering in bundles, and in- crusted with calcareous matter. They inhabit pools and slow streams, to ^vhich they communicate a nauseous and offensive odour. Six species are enumerated by British botanists, known by the name of stonewort, or water- horsetail. They are usually distin- guished into the genera Chara, which has several tubes, and Nitella, with the frond of only one tube. CHAR'ACTER, n. [add.] Peculiar nature. . CHARADE, n, [add.] [Possibly from the French, pronounced shah-rad.] A riddle, enigma, &c. CHAR'BON, «. [Fr.] A little black spot or mark, remaining after the large spot in the cavity of the corner-tooth of a horse is gone. CHAR'BONCLE,t n. A cai-buncle. [Chaucer.] CHXR'€OAL-BLACKS,«. Black pig- ments, consisting of bm*nt ivory, bones, vine -twigs, peach - stones, nut and almond shells, the condensed smoke of resin, &c. CHARES, n. [See Char.] Work. [Shah.] CHAR'FRON, w. [Fr. chanfrein.] A plate of steel, or piece of leather, to protect the face of a horse in plate- armour. [See cut in Diet. Cham- FRAIN.] CHXR(:iE'ANT,t ppr. Burthensome. [Chaucer.] CHAR0E'-HOUSE,t n. A school- bouse. CHARITY, n. [add.] In the co^irt of chancery the term charity is used to signify such charitable bequests as are within the letter and the spirit of the statute of Elizabetli, as gifts, devises, kc, for the relief of aged, impotent, and poor people, for schools of leai-ning, free-schools, and scholars of universi- ties, for repairs of bridges, ports, high- ways, churches, for education and pre- ferment of orphans, &c. By the statute CHASE CHECK CHEESE-LEP above-mentioned all devises for super- stitious uses are proliibited. CHARIVARI, n. {shiirevaree'.) [Fr.] In the United States of America, a mocit serenade of discordant music, kettles, tin-horns, &c., designed to annoy and insult. CHaRLATAN'IC, a. Kesembling a charlatan. CHARLATAN'ICALLT, adv. Like a charlatan. CHARLATANISM, n. Quackery ; charlatanry. CHAK'LOCK, n. [add.] In hot., Ra- 3>hanus raphanisirinn and Sinapis ar- ven.fis, very pernicious weeds in corn- fields and among turnips. CHARMES,t V. i)hir. [See Charm.] Soups ; lays. [S/je/wt^r.] CHaR'NEL, n. A repository for the bones of the dead ; a charnel-house. CHaR'QUI, n. In South America, the name given to jerked-beef. It is the flesh of the animal (bullock, buffalo, or cow) cut into long strips, and dried in highly airy localities, being well ex- posed to sun and wind; tlie heat of the former turns it into a substance having the appearance of glue. CHARR, n. [add.] The Salmo saheli- nus, which inhabits the lakes of Scot- land, Wales, and of the north of Eng- land. Its flesh is held in high estima- tion. [.S'ee Char.] CHaRTA'CEOUS, a. In hot., papery; resembling paper. Applied to the paper-like texture of leaves. CHARTAGRAPH'IC, a. Belonging to maps. C'HaRTE, n. (shurt.) [Fr.] The consti- tution orfundamental law of the Frencli monarchy, as established on the restora- tion of Louis XVIII., in 1814. CHART'EL,t n. [Fr. cartel] A letter of defiance, or challenge to a single combat. \See Cartel.] CHAR'TER, n. [add.] In Enulish laic, the term charter was used to denote any public instrument, deed, or writing, being written evidence of things done between man and man, and standing as a perpetual record. Charters are di- vided into royal charters^ or charters of the crown, and charters of private persons, lioi/al charters were such instruments as conferred some liberty, right, or franchise. Such was the charter granted by William the Con- queror ; the charters of liberties granted by Henry I., Stephen, Henry 11. , John [see Magna CiiaktaJ, Henry 111., and Edward I.; cliarters to boroughs and municipal bodies; charters to univer- sities and colleges ; charters to colonies and foreign possessions, &c. Charters of private j)ersons, are the title-deeds of lands, many of which are the ancient grants of feudal lords to their tenants. CJIAR'TERER, n. One who charters or hires a ship for a voyage ; also, a Cheshire freeholder. CHAR'TERIST, «. An adherent to the charter. CHARTOM'ETER, n. [L. charta, and fji.iT^ov, measure.] An instrument for measuring maps and charts. CHASE, 71. [add.] A wide groove. — In ship-hvildinff, a long sloping mortice.— 7b ytue chase to, to pursue. — Beasts of the chase, properly, the buck, doe, fox, martin, and roe ; but in a common and legal sense, the term extends to all the beasts of the forest, which, besides the others, are reckoned to be hart, hind, hare, boar, and wolf; and, in a word, all wild beasts of venery, and hunt- ing. — In operative mech., when the thread of a screw is fonnedin the turn- ing-lathe it is said to be chased, and the operation of making it is called chasing. A lathe adapted to screw- cutting is accordingly sometimes called a chasinij-latlie. CHAS'ED, pp. [add.] Embossed. CHASE'-MORTlCE,n. Misplaced: see after Chasm ed. CHASE'-PORTS, n. The gun-ports at the bows and stern of a ship of war. CHaS'ER, n. [add.] In marine Ian., a vessel which pursues another, called the chase. — Soio-ckasers, tlie guns pointed from the bows of a ship of war. — Stern-chasersy the guns pointed from the stern of a ship. CHAS'ING, ppr. [add.] Embossing on metals. CHASM'Y, for CHASMY. CHAS'TIE.t for Chastise. [Chaucer.] CHAS'TONS,t n. Breeches of mail used by knights in the 13th century. OhITELATNE, h. [Fr., a female castle-keeper.] A modern appendage worn by fashionable ladies. It con- sists of a bunch of steel or golden chains depending from the waist, from each of wliich chains is suspended some article of houseliold use, as a key, a pin- cushion, a thimble-case, a penknife, a corkscrew, &;c., &c. A similar appen- ilage for gentlemen is called a chate- lan. CHATTEL, 7?. [add.] Goods and chat- tels, a phrase used to express all tliat a man has, except such estates in land as are freehold estates; but tlie word chattels alone expresses the same thing as goods and chattels. CHATTERA'TION, n. Act of chat- tering; disposition or habit of talking much. [Colloq.] CHAU'DRON,t «. See Chawdron. CHAUK'-DAW, 7i. The local name for the red-legged crow or chough {Fre- ffihis grandits). CHAUNT. See Chant. CHAUS'SES, n. [Fr.] The tight cover- ings for the legs and body, reaching to J;he waist, in use by the Normans. OHaY, n. A chaise. [Amcricaii.] CHAY'A-ROOT, )n. The root of the SHAY'A-ROOT, ( Oldenlandia umbel- lata, a biennial plant which grows wild on the Coromandel coast, and is like- wise cultivated there for the sake of the red colouring matter which the bark of the root yields. This dye-stuff is used for giving tlie beautiful red of the Madras cottons. CHEAP O'T. Well deserving of it; deserving worse. [Scotch.] CHEAR'EN,t V. i. [See Cheer.] To grow cheerful. [Spenser.] CHEAT, V. t. [add.] To acquire by cheating; as, to cheat an estate from one. [Coiclei/.] CHEAT'ER.t n. Escheater. [Shah.] CHEAT'ERY, n. Fraud; imposition; deception. [ Vul chequered or motley stuff". [Chaucer.] CHECK'-MATE, v. t. [add.] To put in check ; to make a move in chess which stops all further moving, and ends the game; to control; to defeat. CHECKS, n. A name given to a kind of checkered cloth, as ginghams, aprons, plaids, &ic. [See Check.] CHECKT, for CHECKED. CHED'DER, a. Noting a rich, fine- flavom'ed cheese, made at Chedder in England. CHED'DER-PINK, n. In hot., a species of dianthus. CHEEK'-BAND, n. A strap of a head- stall ; a throat-band. CHEER, n. [add.] Face: countenance. [Shah.] CHEER, V. i. [add.] To be in any tem- per of mind. How ckeer'st thoii, Jessica. Sh/il: CHEER'ED, pp.instead of CHEERED. CHEER'ER, n. instead of CHEERER. CHEERFUL, a. instead of CHEER- FUL. Cli'EER'FULLY, adv. instead of CHEERFULLY. CHEERFULNESS, n. instead of CHEERFULNESS. CHEER'ILY,arfu, instead of CHEER- ILY. CHEER'INESS, n. instead of CHEER- INESS. CHEER'ING, 2)i>r. or a. instead of CHEERING. CHEER'INGLY, adv. instead of CHEERINGLY. CHEER'lSHNESS,t n. instead of CHEERISHNESS. CHEERLESS, a. instead of CHEER- LESS. CHEER'LESSNESS, n. State of being destitute of cheerfulness or comfort. CHEER LY, a. instead of CHEERLY. CHEER'LY, adv. instead of CHEER- LY. CHEER'UP,) V. t To make cheerful; CHIRR'UP, i to enliven. [Collofj.] CHEER'Y, a. instead of CHEERY. CHEES,t p2). from Chcse. Chose. [Chaucer.] CHEESE, H. [add.] There are a great many kinds of cheese, which differ from one another according to tlie quality of the milk employed, and the mode of preparation ; as, brichhat, Chedder, Cheshire, Dcrhyshire, Dunlop, Glou- cester, of which tliere are two kinds, the single and double; sage or grecn^ cheese, Slipcoat, Stilton, &c. ; Gouda cheese is made in Holland, and derives its flavour from the muriatic acid used in curdling the milk ; Parmesan cheese is a skim-milk cheese made at Parma, in Italy. The name cheese is also given to a mass of pomace or ground apples placed on a press. CHEESE-CEMENT', h. A kind of glue used in joining broken china, painters' panel-boards, &c. CHEESE'-FAT,n.Cheese-dish; cheese- form. [Sir W. Scott.] CHEESE-LEP, n. A bag in which rennet for cheese is kept. CHELINGUE CHERLEKTA CHEVESAILLE CHEESE'-MITE, n. An insect of the genus Acarus, the^. domesttcuSy wliich infests cheese. CHEESY, a. instead of CHEESY. CHEET, V. i. To cheet, to chatter or chirrup. [ Tentii/son.] CHEG'OE, H. [add.] The Pulex pene- trans of Linnseus, formed by modern naturaUsts into a genus called Sarcop- sylJa, from its being able to penetrate into the flesh. CHEiLOG'NATHA, n. [Or. xs'Ac.-. a lip, and yoaB^t, a jaw. In words having the initial syllable cAei, naturalists frequently change the ei into i. as chiiognathay ckironectes, chiropteray &c.] An order of mjTiapods in which the two mandibles and the tongue are united to form a large lower lip. CHEIKOGAL'EUS, n. [Gr. x^^i^ the hand, and yxXiv;, a young cat or wea- sel.] A genus of quadrumanous mam- mals which inhabit Madagascar. They belong to the family of lemurs. CHEIROL'OGY, n. [Gr. x'-'i, the hand, and >.•>■«, discourse.] The art of con- versing with the fingers, practised generally bv the deaf and dumb. CHElRONEe'TES, n. [Gr. x^^, the hand, and tr.xat, to swim.] The frog-tish or hand-fish, a genus of aeanthoptery- gious fishes, having the pectoral tins sup- ported, Uke short feet, upon peduncles, by means of which they are enabled to creep over mud and sand when left dry by the receding tide, and also to take short leaps like a Irog. They are found in the estuaries of the north- east of Australia. The same name is given by llliger to a genus of raarsu- pialia, in which the hinder-hands are webbed. One species is known, a spotted quadruped, found in some parts of South America. CHEIROP'TEK. CHElROr'TERA, instead of GHEIROPTER, CHEIR- OPTERA, [add.] [6ec Bat, Vesper- TIHO.] ■GHEiROP'TERGUS, a. Belonging to the cheiroptera or bat tribe; fiu-nished with elongated fingers or toes, for the expansion of membranes which serve as wings. CHEKE,t See Check. [Chaucer.] CHEK:E'-MATE,t See Check-Mate. [Chaucer.] CHEK'ERE,t See Checker. [Chau- cer.] CHELA, n. [Or. x^^^t,, a claw.] The name given to the tirst pair of forceps of the crab, lobster, &c.; also written Cheh. CUELAUN'DRE.t n. [Fr.] A gold- finch. [Chaucer.] CHELIC'ERA, or CHELIC'ERES, n. [Gr. z*i>*), a claw, and «>;j«;. a horn.] A name given to the prehensile claws of the scorpion and spider, which are the homologues of antenna?. CHELIDO'NIUM, instead of fHELl- DONIUM. ■CHEL'LFER, n. A genus of arachnidie, remarkable for the resemblance which the species bear to scorpions. They are very small, and resemble miniature scorpions deprived of their tails ; they run quickly, and often sideways like crabs. Two or three species are found in this country, where they ai*e called book-scorpions. CHELINGUE', or MASULA- MANCHE', n. A clumsy kind of boat used on the coast of Coromandel, more especially at JIadras and Pondicherry, for transporting passengers and light goods acrojs the bai' and through the surf. The chelingues are formed of broad, thin, hard planks, sewed to- gether with cocoa-nut fibre; they are broad, flat-bottomed, light, elastic, and stand high out the water, are difficult to manage, present a great surface to the wind, and sail slow ; but they are CHER'LISH.f a. See Cuurlisu. JChaucer.] CHEROOT', n. A kind of cigar. The genuine cheroot is from Manilla, in the Philippine Islands, and is much prized for the delicacy of its flavour, CHER'RIES, «. Spherical cutters or Chelingue or Hosula-bottt of Mivlrns. admirably adapted for the purpose for which they are used, and sustain unin- jured continual shocks on the bars and on the shores, any one of which would be sufficient to break up an European boat. CHELO'NE, n. A beautiful genus of herbaceous plants, nat. order Scrophu- lariacete. The species are known by the names of tortoise-flower, shell- flower, and snake-head. CHELO'NIA, )H.[add.] [5ee Tor- CHELO'MANS,) toise. Turtle.] CHELO'MD^,n. The turtles,a family of chelonian reptiles, distinguished by the incompleteness of their shelly cover- ing, and by the peculiar modification of the feet for shimming. CHEMISETTE', n. [Fr.] An under- garment worn over the chemise. CHEMO'SIS, n. [From Gr. x*"*-. to gape.] An affection of the eye in which the conjunctiva is elevated above the transparent cornea. CHEN'ZIE. n. A chain. [Scotch.] CHEPE,t H. Cheapness. [Chaucer.] CHEPE,t V. t. To cheapen; to buy. [Chaucer.] CHEQ'UER, n. [Abbreviation of Ex- chequer.] A treasury. CHEQUER-BERRY, n. A hand- some little creeping plant, the Mitchella repenSy growing in North America. CHEQ'UERS, n. In masonri/y stones in the facings of walls, which have all their thin joints continued in straight lines without interruption or breaking joints, thus presenting the appearance of chequer-work. — 2. The game of draughts. CHERCH,t n. A cliurch. [Chaucer.] CHERE,t H. [Fr.] The face; visage; countenance; appearance; entertain- ment; good cheer. [See Cheer.] [Chaucer.] CHER'ICE,t V. t [Fr.] To cherish. [Chaucer.] CHER lSANCE,t «. [Fr.] Comfort. [Chaucer.] CHERL,t ". See Churl. [Chaucer.] CHERLER'IA, 71. A genus of ornamen- tal plants, nat. order Alsinacese. C. sedoides has densely crowded roots, bearing close tufts of stems, which, with the slender leaves, form a thick mass of short verdure. It grows near the summits of the higher mountains of Scotland. 02 countersinks used in making bullet- moulds. CHER'RY,n. [add.] All the varieties of cherries known in our gardens are the produce of Cerasus avium, or Cerasus vulgaris, or of plauts obtained by the intermixture of those two original spe- cies. The timber of cherry-trees is valuable for the more common kinds of cabinet-work. CHERRY,t V. t Tocherish. [Spenser.] CHER'RY-BAY, n. The laurel. CHERRY-BRANDY, h. Brandy in which cherries have been steeped. CHERRY-WINE, n. Wine made from cherries. CHER UP, n. (cheer'up) An act of quickening or of enlivening ; encou- rai^ement. [ CoUoq.] CHER UP, V. t. See Cheerup. CHERVIL, n. See Nbedle-Cheryil, and ScANDis. CHESE,tr.^ 5ec Choose. [Chaucer.] CHES'IBLE, «. [add.] [5ee Chasuble.] CHES'SEL, n. A mould or vat in which cheese is formed. CHESTE,tn. A coffin; debate. [Chau- cer.] CHEST'EINE,t h. [Fr. chasfaigne.] The chestnut-tree, or its fruit. [Chau- cer.] CHET'WERT,«. [Ger. Tschetirert.] A Russian grain-measure, equal toO'7218 of an imperial quarter, or about three- fourths nearly. CHEVAL', n. plur. Chevaux. [Ft.] A horse ; cavalry. — In compositiotty a sup- port, or frame ; thus, a cheval-glass is a large sning-glass mounted on a frame, *.S:c. CHEVALIER', n. [add.] In or7«7ft.,the Totanus glottis, a grallatorial bird, called by some green-shank, and by others the green-legged horseman. It stands very high on its legs. CHEV'ALRlCt H. See Chivalry. [Chaucer.] CHEVAS TER, \n. [Fr.] In surg., a OHEVES TRE, J double roller applied to the head in cases of fracture or luxa- tion of the lower jaw. CHEVE,t r. r. [Fr.] To come to an atrreeraent or conclusion. [Chaucer.] CHEV'ERIL,n. fadd.] MetaphoHcalltiy a yielding or pliable disposition. As a;i adjective, yielding; pliable; as, a cheveril conscience. CHEVESAILLE', n. {shevesayl'.) [Fr.] A necklace. [Chaucer.] CHIEF- JUSTICE CHIMNEY CHINK. CHEVE'TAIN.t n. [Fr.] A chieftain. [Chancer.] CHEV'ISAUNCE.t n. [See Chevis- ANCE.] Enterprise; bargain; cliief- dom. [Spenser.] CHE VRETTE', n. [Fr.] An engine used in raising guns or mortars into their carriages. CHEV RON, n. |add.] The distinguish- ing niarlis on the sleeves of non-com- missioned otiicers' coats. CHEVRON- WORK, n. In arch. [See CnEVRON.] CHEWING-BALL, v. A medicinal ball f chi. CHIBOUQUE', 7!. A Turkish pipe, of which the amber mouth-piece, and sometimes the ball which contains the leaf, is adorned with precious stones. Tlie long chibuiique's dissolving cloud supply. Huron, Vor&air. Resign'd liis geni-adornt'd chUwiqite. Byron, Bride of Ahtjdos CHI'CA, 11. [add.] A fermented liquor used by the Peruvians, and obtained by them from the Indian corn. CHICHE,t a. [Fr.] Niggardly ; sparing. [Chaucer.] CHICK'ABIDDY, n. A young chicken. [Provincidh] CHICK ADEE, n. In America, a name given to the black-cap titmouse, from its peculiar note. CHICK'EN-GRAFE, n. An American species of the vine, the Vitis cordifoUa, or heart-leaved vine ; also termed win- ter-(jrape. CHICIv'ETS, n. Fastenings; a term used by Ford in describing tlieEscurial in Spain — " the green shutters and chichets are offensive." It is probably from the old Fr. cliquet, the linocker or hammer of a door. GHlGieLING-VETCH, n. A plant of the genus Lathyrus, the Z. sativus. When used as food, it causes an incur- able rigidity of the limbs in either man or beasts. CHICK-WEED WINTER-GREEN,n. A plant of the genus Trientalis, the T. europwa. [See Tbientalis.] CHICORY, ) n. [add.] A plant of the CHIC'CORY, ) genus Cichorium, the C. intiibus, nat. order Compositae, sub- order Cichoracea;. The whole plant is bitter and aromatic, and the leaves as well as the root have been used in medicine, in the form of a decoction, as a tonic bitter and diuretic. Chicory is extensively cultivated in Belgium and Germany for the purpose of preparing from the root a powder which can be substituted for coffee, and which is extensively employed for adulterating coffee. Cattle and sheep are said to be fond of the leaves of chicory. [See cut in Diet. SuccoBV.] CHID'ERESSE,t) n. A female scold. CHIDE'STER.t 5 [Chaucer.] CHIEF, a. [add.] Chief .ieyiant,a.\Qvi^\\i in caplte, or tenant-in-chief. [See Tenant.] CHIEF-JUSTICE, n. The presiding justice, particularly the presiding judge in the courts of common pleas and king's bench. CHIEF'-EENTS, n The same as Qbit- RENTS, — witich see. CHIEF'TAINCl', n. The oflice or sta- tion of chieftain. CHIER'TBE,t n. [Fr.] Tenderness; affection; charity. [Chaucer.] CHIFF'-CHAFF, n. The white-throat (Si/lvin hippolais), one of our song- birds, is so called from its note. CHIFFONNIER',n. (shiftbneer'.) | Fr.] Literally, a receptacle for rags or shreds. — 2. A movable and ornamental cupboard or receptacle. — 3. In France, a rag-picker. CHIGOE, CHIG'KE, n. See Chegoe. CHIK'ARY, n. In the East Indies, a native huntsman. CHIKE.t n. A chicken. [Chaucer.] CHIL'BLAIN, V. t. To render sore by cold or frost ; to produce cliilblains. CHILDE, n. A noble youth ; the son of a nobleman ; a cognomen formerly pre- hxed to his family name by the eldest son of .a nobleman until he succeeded to the titles of his ancestors, or gained new honours by his own prowess. CHILD'ING, a. Producing; as, the childinn autumn. [iSArzA.] CHILD'NESS,t n. Childish playfulness; sportive gaiety of a child. CHILD'WIT,t n [Child, and Sax. wite,a fine or penalty.] A fine or penalty of a bondwoman unlawfully begotten with cliild. CHIL'IASM, instead of CHIL'IASM. CHILIAS'TIC, a. Relating to the mil- lennium ; millenarian. CHILL, n. [add.] In a figuradve sense, a check to feelings of joy ; as, a chill came over the assembly. CHILL,+ V. i. To shiver. CHIL'LED, jip. [add.] In painting, a term applied to the varnish of a pic- ture, when the cloudiness or dimness called blooming appears on the surface. CHIL'LY, a,«»«, a jaw.] An order of the myriapoda or centipedes, distinguished by having the two mandibles and the tongue so united .as to form a large lower lip. They are found beneath the bark of trees, and in humid places. €HIM^'RA, n. See Chimera. €HIM.^'RID^, n. A family of car- tilaginous fishes, distinguished from the other families of the cartilaginous order Chlimem monstrosn. by the head being furnished with ap- pendages, and the tail terminating in a point, it contains the genera Chi- mera and Callorhynchus. CHIME, or CHINE, n. In ship-building, that part of the water-way left above the deck, to allow the lower seam of spirketting to be easily calked, and hol- lowed out to form a water-course. CHIMED, jip. In ship-building, notched or hollowed out to form a water-course. CHIMERE, n. [add.] The upper robe, to which the lawn-sleeves of a bishop are attached. CHIM'LEY-NEUK, n. Chimney-cor- ner. [Scotch.] CHIM'NEY, n. [add.] A fire-place; the lower part of the body of brick or stone which confines and conveys 93 smoke ; also, a tall glass to suiTound the flame of a lamp. CHIMNEY-CAN,) H. A cylindrical CHIM'NEY-POT, J pipe of earthen- ware or brick, placed on the top of chimneys to prevent smoking CHIM'NEY-SWALLOW, n. The Hi- rundo rustica, one of our most common species of swallows. CHIM'NEY-TOP, lu The summit of a chimney. CHl'NA-CLAY, >!. Kaolin,— w/iicA see. CHl'NA-GLAZE,n. A preparation for printing blue frit. It is composed of ten parts of glass, two of lead, and three or more of blue calx. CHr'NAMAN'S-HAT, n. The name given by collectors to a shell found on our coasts, the Cabjptraa sinensis. CHI'NA-PINK, n. A flower; a species of dianthus. CHI'NA-STONE, n. Decomposed gra- nite. CHrNA-WARE,?;.Fine porcelain, ori- ginally from China. [See Porcelain.] CHINC'APIN, n. In America, a name given to the dwarf-chestnut, Castanea puniila, which produces nuts. It grows in the southern states. CHINCHE,t n. Same as Ciiiche. [Chaucer.] CHINCHERIE,+ n. Niggardliness. [Chaucer. ) CHINCHIL'LA, n. A genus of rodent animals, peculiar to the South Ameri- can continent. The species are nearly of the form and size of the rabbit. C. lani'jera produces the gray fur which has been so much prized in Eiu'ope for many years. [See Chin- chillid^.] CHIN'-€LOTH, n. A sort of muffler worn by ladies in the time of Charles I. CHINESE'-FIRE, n. A composition used in fire-works. CHINESE'-GLUE, n. A superior glue and varnish obtained from a species of algse which abounds on the shores of China. When once dried, it resists the action of water, and is employed by the Chinese to fill up the lozenge- shaped interstices in the net-work of bamboo, of which their windows are frequently constructed, as well as to strengthen and varnish the paper of their lanterns. CHINESE- PITCHER-PLANT, n. A plant of the genus Nepenthes, the N. phyllamplwra of Willdenow [See Pitciier-Plant.I CHINESE'-WHITE, n. An empirical name given to the white oxide of zinc; a valuable pigment recently introduced into the arts, as a substitute for the preparations of white-lead. CHIN'GLY, a. Gravelly; abounding in gravel. CHINK, n. A term for money, used ii\ various parts of England. [ Vulgar.]— Also, the name of a bird, the reed-bunt- ing (Emberiza schainiculus), probably derived from its note. CULOREBRONAPHTISE CHLOROFORM CHONDROMETER CHINK'ING-AND-DAUB'ING. In America, the process of tilling with chips and clay the chinks or interstices between the logs of liouses. CHIN'NA, n. An Oriental plant of the pea or vetch land. CHIN'-S€AB, ;j. A disease in sheep, called by shepherds, darters. CHIP, «. [add.] A chip of the old block, a familiar phrase applied to a child or individual, who, either in person, or in sentiments and disposition, resembles his father. CHIP-HAT, 71. A hat made of chips, or wood cut into thin filaments, and plaited, so as to resemble a straw -hat. Ladies at one time very commonly wore chip-hats. CHIP'PING-PIECES, n. The project- ing pieces of iron cast on the faces of iron framing, when intended to be rested against each other. CHIP'PY, a. Abounding in chips. CHIRCH,t H. A church. [Chaucer.] CHIRCU lIA"\VE,t it. A church-yai-d. [Chaucer.'] CHIRCH'REVE,t n. A church- warden. [Chaucer.] CHIRKING,! n. A disagreeable sound. [Chaucer.] CHIRRUP, r. t. See Cheerup. CHIR'RIIP, I', i. To chirp. CHIRUU'GEOXLY, adv. After the manner of a surgeon. CHISELLED,insteadofCHIS'ELED. CHISELLED-WORK, n. In masonnj, thestateof stones, the sm-face of which is formed bv the chisel. CHISELLING, instead of CHISEL- ING. CHIS'EL-SHAPED, a. Formed like a chisel. CHIS'LET, a. In aj/nV.,aterm applied to a soil betwixt sandy and clayey, con- taining a large admixture of gravel and small pebbles. CHIT, n. [add.] An instrument for cleaving laths, CHIT,t for Chideth. [Chaucer.] CHI'TINE, H. [Gr. x'~^., a tunic] A principle discovered in beetles and other insects, consisting of the base of their external skeleton. It is also termed entomolim\ and is obtained by plunging the insects into a hot solution of potass. CHITTERLINGS, n. [add.] The smaller intestines of swine, »S:c., fried for food. CHiVE'-GARLI€, h. A British plant of the genus Allium, the A. schcenop- rasum, used as a pot-herb. CHIV'ER,t V. i. [Sax.J To shiver. [Chaucer.] €HLONAPH'TASE, n. The name given by Laurent to a substance ob- tained by acting on subchloride of naphthaline, by alcoholic solution of potash. To other compounds obtained by the action of chlorine on naphtlia- line, Laurent gives the names, chlo- tiaphtese, chlojiaphiisCf chlonaphfose^ chlonaphtuse,chlonaphtalasejChlonaph' talese, chhnaphtalise. CHLO'RA, 71. A genus of plants, nat. order Gentianaceae. C. perfoliata, yel- low-wort, is a British species. [See Yellow-Wort.] CHLORAL, w. [add.] Chloral is a colourless, transparent, oily - looking fluid, having a pungent smell. It com- bines with bromine, iodine, and sulphur, and consists of six equivalents of ciilo- rine, four of oxygen, and nine of carbon. CHLO REBKONAPH'TISE, or CHLO'REBRONAPH'TOSE, n. Compounds derived from naphthaline, in which the hydrogen is replaced by bromine and chlorine at once. CHLO RIBRONAPH'TOSE, or CHLO RIBRONAPHTUSE, h. Compounds derived from the action of chlorine and bromine on naphthalinTe. CHLORIC ACID, 71. An acid which consists of one equivalent of chlorine, and five of oxygen. It may be obtained by adding dilute sulphuric acid to chlo- rate of barytes, in which case sulphate of barj-tes is precipitated, and chloric acid remains in solution. When very strong, it forms a yellowish, oily-look- ing liquid, very sour to the taste. Perchloric acid consists of one equiva- lent of chlorine, and seven of oxygen. Its best known salt is the perchlorate of potash. CHLORIC ETHER, ii. A substance which results from the action of chlo- rine on olefiant gas, and is generally known as the oil of the Dutch chemists. The same name is given to a substance obtained by passing hydrochloric acid gas into alcohol to saturation, and dis- tilling the product. It is also termed hydrochloric ether. CHLORIC OXIDE, n. The peroxide of chlorine. CHLORI'ODATE, n. A compound formed by the union of chloriodic acid with a base. CHLORIT I€, a. Pertaining to, or containing chlorite; as, chloritic sand. CHLO R^O-ARGENT OTYPE, n. [Chloi'idc; L. ai-gentum; and Gr. TyT«;, tj'pe.] A photographic agent, extremely sensitive to the action of light, and pre- pared by moistening a piece of paper with a solution of common salt, and then dipping it in one of nitrate of silver. By this means, a thin covering of nitrate of silver is formed on its sur- face. CHLO'ROBEN'ZlDE,or CHLO'RO- BEN'ZINE. CHLOROFORM, or TERCHLO'- RIDE OF FORMYLE, n. [Gr. x?-^-,.^,-, yellowish-green, and L. formicuy an ant. 5eeFoKMYLE.] A volatile colour- less liquid, of an agreeable, fragrant, sweetish apple taste and smell, of the specific gravity of 1"48, and discovered by Soubeiran and Liebig in 1SIJ3. It is prepared by cautiously distilling to- gether a mixture of alcohol, water, and chloride of lime, or bleaching-powder. The inhalation of the vapour of this liquid chloroform through the lungs was first employed by Dr. Simpson, of Edinburgh, in 1S47, and since that time it has been extensively used by him and the medical profession, as an amesthetic agent, to procure temporary insensi- bility during delivery, and surgical ope- rations. The inhalation of chloroform first produces slight mtoxication ; then, frequently, slight muscular contrac- tions, nnruliuess, and dreaming; then loss of voluntary motion, and conscious- ness, the patient appearing as if sound asleep; and at last, if too much be given, death by coma and syncope. Bad efiects, hosvever, are rarely found to ai'ise from the proper use of chloro- form; and, therefore, all objections to it are obviated if it is perfectly pure, if it is administered on a folded liandker- chief (only to the extent of a finid drachm at a time), so as to allow some atmospheric air to be inhaled along with it ; and if there is no disease of the heai't, lungs, or brain present. The few fatal cases which have occurred U4 from its use, out of the tens of thou- sands in which it has been given, have arisen from inattention to these rules. The use of cldoroform allows opera- tions to be more comfortably performed; prevents tiie shock of the system pro- duced by them, and thus diminishes their mortalitv. CHLOROPHYLL, or CHLO'RO- PHYLLE. CHLO ROUS ACID, n. An acid ob- tained by mixing oil of vitriol very gradually and cautiously witli chlorate of potash, and appl>ing to the mass a very gentle heat. Chlorous acid is given off as a deep-yellow gas, very easily decomposed, and very explosive. It consists of one equivalent of chlorine and four of oxygen. CHLOROUS POLE, I n. A term ap- CHLO'RO'iD POLE, > plied, on the electrical hypothesis, to the negative pole of a galvanic battery, from its ex- hibiting the attraction which is charac- teristic of chlorine. The positive pole, according to the same hypothesis, is termed tlie ziucons, or ziiicoid pole. CHOAST. ». A cough. [Scotch.] CHOCK, n. [add.] In ship-huildintj, a piece of wood employed in filling up a deficiency. — Anchor -chocks, pieces in- dented in the shank of a wooden anchor- stock when it is defective. — Boat's chocks, clamps on which a boat rests when stowed on deck. — Chock-aft^ chock-home, chock-out, &c., fully aft, home, tS:c. — Choch-a-hloch, or bloch- and-bloch, the position of tackling when the blocks are hauled close together. CHOCK, r. t. In marine Ian., to put a wedge under a cask or other body to prevent it from moving. CHOCK,t V. i- To fill up a cavity; (to choke;) as, the wood-work exactly chocked into the joints.— 2. To encoun- ter. [See SnocK.] CHOIR, n. [add.] In cathedrals, and collegiate churches and chapels, that part eastward of the navc,and separated from it usually by a screen of open- work, in which Divine service is per- formed. Over the screen the orgau is commonlv placed. CHOIROPOT'AMUS, n. A genus of mammalia belonging to the swine fa- mily, two ur three species of wliich are natives of Africa. CHOIR-WALL, n. In arch., the wall bounding the chancel or choir. CHOKE, I'. /. [add.] To choke the luff, in marine Ian.., so to arrange the fall of a tackle in the jaw of the block as to prevent it from rendering. CHOKE'DAR, n. In the East Indies, a native domestic watchman. CHO'LATE, H. A salt formed by the union of cholic acid with a base. CHOL'ERICLY, adt\ In a choleric manner. CHOLES TERATE, n. A salt formed by the union of cholesteric acid with a base. CHOL'IC ACID. 5ee Choleic Acid. CHOLIN'IC ACID,H. A non-azotized acid, formed when bile is acted on by fusion with caustic alkalies. It re- sembles the resinous acids. ■CHOLOID'IC ACID. See Choleic Acid. CHONDROGLOS'SUS, n. [Gr. x«'»<«. a cartilage, and yXve-e-x, the tongue.] In anat., a muscle, running from the cartilaginous joininj^ of the body and horn of the os-hvoides to the tongue. CIIONDROM ETER, n. [Gr. x«3'*?, grain, and ^stjov, measure.] A small CHROMATIC THERMOMETER CHRONOMETER CHUSr instrument, of the steelyard kind, for weicliint^ corn. CHONDROPTERYG'IAN, a. Per- taining to tlie cliondropterygii ; gristly- finned. CHONDROPTERYO'IANS, n. Same as CHONDIIOPTERYGII. CHOP, n. A sliop. [Scote/i.] CHOP, 1'. i. [add.] To jabber; to speak unintelligibly; as, to chop French. [SAaA.] CHOP'INE.t n. A high-heeled shoe. CHOP'NESS, n. A kind of spade. CHOP'PER, n. He or that which chops ; a butcher's cleaver. €HO'RALlST, n. A member of a choir; a musician. €HOR'DA, n. i>lur. Chordm. [L ] In anat., a cord ; a tendon ; a filament of nerve, &c. — In but., a genus of algas, C. filum, known by the name of sea-- laces. ■CHOREE', n. Same as CnoBEns. €HOREPIS'€OPAX,, instead of €H0- REPISCOP.VL. €HOREPISeOPUS, n. A local or suffragan bishop. CHO'Rie, a. Relating to a chorus. [Rar. HT.] €HORIS'TIC, a. Belonging to a choir; choral. \_Lit. m5.] CHO'RUS, n. [add.] Any union of voices in general; as, a chorus of con- tinued laughter. — In music, a com- position sometimes in two or three, but generally in four parts, sung by many voices, accompanied by the whole band when performed in an orchestra, or on the stage, but by the organ alone when sung in a choir. A double chorus is in eight vocal parts,and sung by two choirs. CHOUGH, n. [add.] The Cornish chough is separated from the crows by modern naturalists, and is the Fregilus nraculus. CHOUL'TRY, 71. In the East Indies, a place of rest and shelter for travellers or merchants, similar to the caravan- sary or khan of "Western Asia. CHOUT, n. In theJ?as(/H(/ie.s,afoarth part of the clear revenue. CHOW, n. [Chinese.] A town or city of the second class. CHOWL, n. Jowl. [Scotch.'] CHOWRY, n. In the East Indies, a whisk to keep off Hies ; it is often formed of the tail of the yak, a species of ox. €HRIS'MAL, instead of €HRISMAL. €HRIST-eROSS-RO\V, n. An old term for the alphabet, probably from the cross anciently set before it. CHRISTENDOM, n. [add.] Christen- ing. [Shak.'] €HRISTIAN'ITY, n. [add.] Confor- mity to the laws and precepts of the Christian reUgion. CHRISTIAN PERIOD, »^.InarcA(^o/., from the birth of Christ to the present time. €HRIST'MAS, a. Belonging to the time of Christ's nativity. CHRISTMAS-BOX, n. [add.] A Christmas-present. CHRISTMAS-TALE, n. A story for Christmas, generally of a fabulous clia- €IiRIST'MAS-TIDE, n. Christmas- time. €H11IST'MAS-TIME, n. The season of Christmas. €HROMAT'l€ THERMOM'ETER, n. Sir David Bre\\'ster's name for an In- strument consisting of several rectan- gular plates of glass placed with their sui-faces in contact, and intended to measure the difference between the temperature of the glass and that of any body, solid or fluid, which may be applied to it. It is so named because, when a heated body is placed in con- tact with the edges of the glass plates, a polarizing action takes place, and fringes of various colours are produced in the plates by the application of bodies of different temperatures. The tints thus jjroduced serve as a scale to in- dicate the differences of temperature between the glass and of bodies ap- plied to it. €HR0MAT0L'06Y, n. [Gr. ;ts^."«, colour, and Xoya;, discourse.] A treatise on colours. €HRO'MATROPE,\«.[Gr.x?a.a«,co- €HRO'MOTROPE,f lour, and rges-^., to turn.] A modified form of the phena- kistoscope, in which the usual figures of horsemen, &c., are replaced in the revolving disk by a double set of highly- coloured circular arcs, all passing through the centre of motion, and in- tersecting each other, pair and pair, in such a way that the limbs exhibit a slightly different relation in each suc- cessive pair, on the same principle as ordinary phenakistoscopic figures are arranged. When the disk is made to rotate in one direction, the effect of the arrangement is such as to give au appearance of streams of colours issuing from the centre as a focus; and by reversing the motion, the colours seem to flow back into the centre. The illusion is highly beautiful, but is only fully realized by means of coloured transparencies in the magic-lantern. €UROaiE'-ALUM, n. A crystallizable double salt, formed of the sulphates of chromium and of potash. CHROME-GREEN, n. A beautiful dark green pigment, prepared from the oxide of chromium. CHR0iME'-lRON,H. Chromateofiron; the ore from which the compounds of chromium, used in the arts, are derived. It occurs massive and crystallized. CHROME'-RED, n. A beautiful red pigment prepared from red-lead. It is a chromate of lead. €HR0ME'-YELLOW, n. The most poisonous of the pigments prepared from chrome, and to be entirely rejected in oil-painting. CHRO'MITE, n. A mineral containing chromium. CHROMIUM. See Chrome. CHROMOTYPE, «. {Chrome, and Gr. Tt/Toe, type.] A photographic agent, pre- pared by washing thin paper ^vith a solution of bichromate of potass, and drying it quickly before a tire. It is used for copying lacework, ferns, &c. CHRO'MULE, n. [Gr. ;t«***«. colour.] The colouring matter of plants. CHRON'ICLE, n. [add.] A title applied by Shoh. to Nestor, whose great age and knowledge made him a sort of liv- ing register of past events. €HRON'I€ON,7i. Same as Chronicle. €URON'OGRAPH,n. Same as Chro- nogram. CHRONOM'ETER,n. [add.] This term is applied to those time-keepers which are used for determining the longitude at sea, or for any other purpose where an accurate measm'e of time is required, with great portability in the instru- ment. — To rate a chronometer, is to as- certain the exact rate of its gain or loss, as compared with true time, for the pur- pose of making the proper allowance in computations dependent thereon. — In music, an instrument by wliich the time 95 of a composition is determined. \_See Metronome.] CHRON'OSeOPE, n. [Gr. x;»v.f. and 0-KOJiu. to observe.] A pendulum to measure time. CHRYS'ALID, a. Pertaining to a chrysalis. €HRYSO€HLO'RA, n. A genus of dipterous insects of the family Stra- tiomydes. The species are of large size. CHRYSOL'OGY, h. [Gr. xi'^'O', gold, and Xoye;^ discourse.] That branch of pohtical economy which relates to the production of wealth. [^-1 continental term.] CHRYS'OPS, n. [Gr. xi^'^"-,, gold, and ar^]/, eye.] A genus of dipterous in- sects of the family Tabanidte. Three species are found in this country, all of which are great blood-suck- ers. The name of Common Ci F.n. ftmrilei. thcgCnUS is derived Chrysops aBcuticnu fj.^j,^j ^;^Q sparkling gold-colom'ed eyes of the species when alive. CHRYS'OTYPE, h. [Gr. x$"<'«?» gold, and ruToc, type.] A photographic agent prepared by impregnating paper with a neutral solution of chloride of gold. It produces a picture with a splendid purple ground. CHUB'-CHEEKED, a. Having full cheeks. CHUCK, 71. [add.] A slight blow under the chin. — Chuck for a turning-lathe, an appendage to tix any material for the purpose of turning it into any de- terminate form. The term, therefore, includes all those contrivances which serve to connect the material to be operated upon to the mandril of the lathe. — Simple chucks are such as are capable only of communicating a mo- tion round a determinate axis, such as they themselves receive. — Complicated chucks are those by means of which the axis of the work can be changed at pleasure, such as eccentric chucks, oval chucks, segment^ engine, and geometric chucks, &c. CHUCK'IES, 71. Barn-door fowls. [Scotch.] CHUCK IE - STAKES, n. Pebble- stones, such as children play at chuck- farthing with. [Scotch.] CHUCK'LA, n. In the East Indies, a tract of territory equal to an average English county, and comprising several circars. CHUCK'LE, n. A short suppressed laugh . CHUCK'LE, V. i. [add.] To laugh in a supijressed or broken manner ; to feel inward triumph or exultation. CHUCK'LING, V. Suppressed laugh- ter; inward triumph or exultation. CHUCK- WILL'S WIDOW, n. In America, the popular name of a bird of the family Capri mulgida), or goat- suckers ; the Caprimidyus carolinensis. CHUF'FY, a. [add.] Orhjinally, fat or swelled out, especially in the cheeks, as, a chuji'i/ lad. CHUF'FY-BRICKS, ji. Bricks which are puffed out by the escape of rarefied air or steam in the process of burning. CHUM, ?(. [add.] This term is sometimes used coUoquiallu in the more extended sense of companion, fellow. CHUM, V. i. In American colleges, to occupy the same chamber or room with another. CHYND CIMEX CINQtTE-CENTO CHD'NAM,)!. IntlieSfuV/nrfics.aname given to lime. The Madras chunani, made of calcined shells, is esteemed the best in India. CHUNK,?!. For CoUocpdal, read Provin- cial. CHUNK'Y, a. Short and thick. iCol- loquial in America.^ CHUPR.\PEE', H. In the East Indies, a native government messenger. CHURCH, Ji. [add.] The collective body of saints, in heaven and on earth, called the invisible church. CHURCH'-GOVERNJIENT, n. Ec- clesiastical rule, or jurisdiction ; ecclesi- astical polity. CHURCH'ISM, n. Adherence to the church. [Rar. us.'\ CHURCH-LIVING, n. .A. benefice in an established church. CHURCH- JIIL'ITANT, n. The church as warring against spiritual evil of all kinds. CHURCH'-OWL, n. A bird, a species of goat-sucker. CHURCH'-PARTY.n. Aparty devoted to the church. CHURCH-PREFER MENT, -n. Bene- fice or advancement in the chm-ch. CHURCH-RATES, n. In England, rates raised by resolutions of a ma- jority of the parishioners in vestry as- sembled, from the parishioners and oc- cupiers of land within a parish, for the piirpose of repairing, maintaining, and restoring the body of the church, and the belfry, the church-yard fence, the bells, seats, and ornaments, and of de- fraying tiie expenses attending the ser- vice of the church. CHURCH-SCOT, n. In former limes, customary obligations paid to the parish- priest, from which duties the religious sometimes purchased an exemption for themselves and tenants. CHURCHWARDEN, n. [add.] There are usually two churchwardens to each parish, but by custom there may be only one. CHURCH- WRIT, n. An ecclesiastical order. CHURL, ) n. [add.] A tenant-at-will, CHURLE, } of free condition, who held land of the thanes on payment of rent and services. There were two sorts of churls, one who hired the lord's tenementary estate, like our far- mers, the other that tilled and manured the demesnes, called sockmen. CHURLES.t "• I'tur. [See Chukl.] Hinds. [Spenser.] CHUKN'-OWL, n. A localname for the nightj;ir, or goat-sucker (Caprimulgus cnroptBus). CHUR'-TREE, n. In the East Indies, the india-rubber tree. CHUT'NEE, H. In the East Indies, a condiment compounded of sweets and acids. Strips of ripe fruit, raisins, spices, sour herbs, cayenne, lemon- juice, &c., are the ordinary ingredients, pounded and boiled together, and then bottled for use. Chutnee is much eaten in India with curries, stews, &c. CIIYLD'ED,t pret. or i>p. of Child. Furnished with a child ; conceived ; delivered of a child. CH?LDING,t ppr. Bringing forth a child ; conceiving ; productive. CHYLIFie.A'TION, n. The process by which the chyle is separated from the chyme. [See Chtlifaction.] CHYLIFICA'TORY,a. Making chyle. CHYM'lCt «• A chemist. CHYM'ICS.t ". Chemistry. CaYND.t pret. or pp. [See Chine.] Divided into parts ; broken in the back. [Spenser. '\ CICADA, n. [add.] This name is now restricted by zoologists to species which do not leap. The males have on each side of the body a kind of drum, with which they can make a considerable noise. The pupaj were called tetliiju- metrTe CUhan, froin tbe EgTptlin MonomeobL kind, resembling the more modern cit- tern, or guitar. It is mentioned by Homer. CITIZEN, n. [add.] According to an- cient and modern usage, tbe word citi- zen is applied only to the members of those governments wliicli are republican in their character, comprehending such as are monarchical in a limited sense. In other words, those members of a state or government are properly termed citizens who enjoy, or some considerable number of them, some share of the so- vereiijn power. CIT'IZENESS, n. A female citizen. [Har. us.] CITIZENSHIP, n. [add.] Citizenship is properly applied only to those states in which the constitution gives to those who are members of such states, or to some considerable number of them, some share of the snpreme power. CIT'IZEX-SOLDIER, n. One who is both a citizen and a soldier; as the French national guard, and the militia of the United State?. CITRINE OINTMENT, n. The com- mon name of the unguentum hiidrar- Qi/ri nitratis of the pharmacopoeia. CITTERN, or GIT TERN, n. [From L. citkara.] A musical instrument of the lute kind, mentioned by our old dramatists. It resembled a guitar. [5ee CiTHARA.j CIT'Y, n. [add.] Certain large and an- cient towns, both in England and in other countries, are called cities, and are supposed to rank before other towns ; but on what the distinction is founded is not well ascertained. CIVET, n. The civet-cat, — which see. The musky substance is often so called. CIVET, r. t To scent with civet; to perfume. CIVIL'IAN, n. [add.] One whose pur- suits are those of civil life, not military or clerical. CIVILiZ'ABLE, a. That may be civi- lized. CIVILIZA'TION, n. [add.] The fun- damental ideas contained in the word civilization may be stated to be the continual advancement of the society in wealth and prosperity, and the improve- ment of the man in his indiWdual ca- pacity. The development of the moral and intellectual faculties must go hand in hand i^nth the cultivation of the in- dustrial arts; imited, they form the great engine for civilizing the world. CIVIL LIST, n- The term formerly applied to the list of all the expenses of tlie government, or of all the heads of public expenditure, excepting those of the army, navy, and other military de- partments. The term, however, is con- fined at present, by a recent act, to ex- penses proper for the maintenance of lier Majesty's household, and of the honour and dignity of the Crown, amounting to £3S5,00O per annum. CIVISM, 7J. The privileges or state of a citizen; citizenship; patriotism. [Rare.] €LACK'-BOX, n. The box in which a clack-valve works. €LACK'-DISH,t n. A dish formerly used by mendicants, having a mov- able cover, which they clacked to excite the notice and sympathy of passengers, and also to signify that the dish was emptv. CLACK'-DOOR, n. A plate of iron or brass covering an aperture in the side of the clack-box. It is attached by screws, and can be removed to grive access to the valve-seat, or recess, into which the valve fits. CLACK'-GEESE, 71. Barnacle-geese. [Scotch.] €LACK'-VALA"E, n. A x&Ue with a single fiap, usually attached to the bucket with a leathern joint. "Wlien the valve has two tlaps, as represented by the cut in the Dict.^ it Is commonly called a butierfii/ -valve, from the ap- pearance it has when the flaps are open. CLA'DIUir, n. Twig-rush, a genns of cvperaceous plants. [See Twig-Rush.] CLADOC ER A, n. [Gr. x\a.%oi, a brand, and srE*a;, a horn.] A family of ento- mostracous Crustacea, with branched antenna?. These antennae serve as oars. The arborescent water-flea, well known as a microscopic object, is one of them. €LAG. V. f. To clog. [Scotch.] CLAG GED, CLAG GIT, T*;*. Clog- ged. [Scotch.] CLAIMANT, a. Claiming; demand- ing ; cr>nng out. ■CLAIRE'-COLE,) n. The priming or CLEAK'-COLE, y first painting an absorbent surface with a preparation of size, to prevent the sinking in of the subsequent coats of oil-paint. Except in particular cases, it is an objection- able practice, as it prevents the adhe- sion of the oil-paint to the surface of the work. CLAIR'SHACH.) .. rc .n CLAIR'SHO, i "• -^ *^^^P- [Scotch.] 93 CLAIRVOYANCE, instead of CLAIRVOYANCE. CL^SE^* } "• C^o^^^^s. [Scotch.] CLAlTHaNG, n. Clothing. [Scotch.] CLAITHS, n. Clotlies. [Scotch.] CLAM, r. t. To clog with any glutinous matter. CLAMBE,tv. f. TocUmb. [Chaucer.] CLAMB EN,t prtf. of Climb. Did climb; climbed. [Chaucer] CLAME,t n. [See Claim.] Call. [Spenser.] €LAME,t r. i. [L. clamare.] To call aloud ; to cry aloud. €LAM'ED,t;»i>. CaUed. CLAMP, n. [add.] An instrument made of wood or metal, with a screw at one end, generally used by joiners for hold- ing pieces of timber closely together until the glue hardens. Also, a piece of wood fixed to another with a mortise and tenon, or groove and tongue, so that the fibres of the piece thus fixed cross those of the other, and thereby prevent it from casting or warping. Also, a heavy footstep or tread. [Local.] CLAMP, r. f. [add.] To tread heavily in walking. [Local.] CLAMP, 1-. i. To tread heavilv. [Local] CLAMYHE WIT, n. A stroke, [Scotch.] CLANG, V. i. To make a loud, shrill noise. CLAN'GTILA, n. A genus of ducks, containing the golden-eye and harlequin ducks. CLAN JA^M'FRIE, n. A mob ; tag-rag and bob-tail. [Scotch.] CLANK, r. t. [add.] To move or strike certain things in such a manner as to make that peculiar harsh and loud noise which is produced by the collision of some masses of metals, CLANK, r. i. To make a shrill noise by striking ; to clink. CLAP, n. A stroke ; a moment. [Scotch.] CLAP'-BOARD, n. [add.] This word, as applied to a thin board for covering wooden houses, is confined to the United States. CLAP'-BOAED, r. t. To cover with clap-boards, as a house. [U. States.] CLAP-DISH, «. A clack-dish,— tcAicn see in this Supp. €LAP' DOWN, or CLAP, v. L To set down ; to charge to one's account. [Colloq.] CLaPE, n. In Xeto Yorky America, the common name of the golden-winged woodpecker. CLAP'ER.f In. [Fr. clapier.] A CLAP'PEk,t J coney-burrow. [Chau- cer.] CLAPPE,t r. i. To knock repeatedly ; to talk fast. [Chaucer.] CLAPPER, n. [add.] Among seamen, the valve of a pump-box. CLAPPING,! n. Noisy talking. [Chau- cer.] CLAPPING, n. The act of striking the hands together, ordinarily by way of applause. €LAPS'ED,ti>p. Clasped. [Chaucer.] CLAP-TRAP, n. [add.] Fvjurativeht, an artifice or device to elicit applause or gain popularity ; management to en- trap. CLAP'-TR^VP, a. Insnaring; deceit- ful; artful. CLAR'ET, n. [add.] In England, the name given to the red \\ine of Medoc, or rather a mixture of that wine and wine of some other kind. In France, the name is applied to those wines ■which are red or rose-coloured. CLAR'IEiER, n. [add.] A large pan, CLAVATION CLEAN PROOF CLERIi made of copper or iron, for clarifying sugar, &c. €LAK'INET, ) n. [add.] The com- €LAR'IONET, ) pass of the clarinet is from E the third space in the bass, to G in altissimo. — Bass-clarinet, an in- strument played on in the same manner as the common clarinet. Its compass is four octaves, and it descends to B- flat below the bass-staff. It is of wood, and its length is two feet eight inches. — Cojttra-bass clarinet, an in- strument whicli, in form and manner of fingeri«g, differs Init little from the bass- clarinet. It is of the size of the bas- soon, and in compass four notes lower. €LAKR6,tn. [Fr.] Wine mixed with honey and spices, and afterwards strain- ed till it is clear. •CLAKT'Y, 1 a. Unclean; very dirty. €LORT'Y, f [Scotch.] €LASH, n. Tittle-tattle; scandal ; idle talk. [Scotch.] CLASP'ER, K. I add.] In zoo!., a term applied to hands of monkeys, and to appendages on the legs of male insects. €LASS'-FELLO\V, n. One of the same class ; a fellow-student. CLAS'SI, 71. plur. The name given to Mussulman sailors from Arabia or Hin- dostan, employed in navigating the Red Sea. CLAS'SIBLE, a. That may be classed. €LASSI€, n. [add.] One versed in the classics. €LAS'SI€, a. [add.] Pertaining to a class or classes. €LASSieALISM, n. Same as Cl.\ssi- CISM. CLASSICISM, n. A classic idiom or style. CLAS'SICIST, n. One versed in the €LAS s'le ORDERS,!!. In arcA., the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. CLASSIS, n. [add.] A judicatory in the Reformed Dutch and French churches, corresponding to a presbytery. €LASS'-MAN, n. plur. Classmen. The name given to scholars in the univer- sity of Oxford, who are examined for their degrees according to their rate of merit ; answering to the optimes and wranglers in the university of Cam- bridge. €LAT, ) V. t. To rake together. As CLAUT, ) a noun, an instrument for raking together mire, weeds, &c. [Scotch.] CLATH'RATE, a. [L. clathrus, a lat- tice.] In hot. and zool., latticed ; di- vided like lattice-work. CLAT'TER, V. Tattle. [Scotch.] CLAT'TER-TRAPS, n. A ludicrous name for tools and accoutrements. [Scotch.] CLAUGHT, pp. Clutched; snatched violently. [Scotch.] CLAUSE.t n. An end or conclusion. [Chaucer.] CLAUSIL'IA, n. [L. clausus, shut up.] A genus of land-snails, so named be- cause the aperture of the shell is closed internally by a spiral lid. Many species of this genus are natives of Britain. A species has been lately found fossil in the coal-formation in North America. CLAUSU'RA, n. [L. claudo, to shut.] In anat., the imperforation of any canal or cavity. CLAUT. See Clat in this Supp. CLAVA'TION, n. [L. clams, a nail.] In anat., a species of articulation in which the parts are fixed like a nail by a hammer, as the teeth in the sockets. It is also termed gomphosis. ■CLAVEAU', n. (clavo'.) [Fr.] A dis- ease in sheep ; sheep-pox. CLA'VERING, ?);ir. or a. Talking idly and foolishly. [Scotch.] CLA'VERS, n. Idle talk. [Scotch.] €LA'VI€LE, n. For channel-bones,iestd collar-bones. €LAV'I€ORNS, 7 n. [L. clams, a CLAVICOR'NES.i club, and cornu, a horn.] A family of pentamerous beetles, so named from the antenna; being thickened at the apex, so as to terminate in a club-shaped enlarge- ment. The species are partly terres- trial and partly aquatic. CLAVICULAR, a. Pertaining to the collar-bone or clavicle. CLAV'IOER, n. [L. clavus, a club, and gero, to carry.] A genus o coleopterous insects belonging to the section Penta- mera, and the family Pselaphidae. Tlie species are found under stones, and in the nests of small yellow ants ; one species is occasionally found in this country ; it is quite destitute of eyes. CLAVIU'EROUS, a. Bearing a club or key. €L.\V'IPALPS, ) n. [L. claims, and CLAVIPAL'PI, } palpi, feelers.] A family of tetramerous coleoptera, so named from the antenn.ie being termi- nated by a perfoliate club. Many of the species feed upon fungi and boleti, and their form is often rounded and convex. CLA'VY, ) n. In arch., a mantel- CLA'VEL, ! piece. CLAW, n. [add.] The hand, in contempt. CLAW,t I). (. To stroke. [Chaucer ] CLAW, I'. (. on". To scratch ; to scrape. — To claw up their mittens, to give them the finishing stroke. — To claw favour, to curry favour. [Scotch.] CLAW'-IIAJIMER, n. The ordinary nail-hammer, so named from one end of it being divided into two claws, for convenience of drawing nails out of wood. CLAW'ING-OFF, n. In seamanship, the act of beating or working off from a lee-shore, or from another vessel. CLAY, 71. [add.] Indurated clay, a va- riety of trap-rocks with a dxdl earthy fracture, varying in colour from green- ish-gray to grayish-white, or red, or brown, or even black. — Kimmeridge clay, Oxford clan, Weald clay. [See these terms in their alphabetical places.] CLAY, a. Formed or consisting of clay. CLAY'ING, jfjir. Covering or manuring with clay ; purifying with clay ; pud- dling with clay. CLAY'-IRON ORE, !i. One of the ferri- ferous rocks, from which iron is pro- cured in great abundance. CLAY'-IvILN, n. A stove for burning clay. CLEAD'ING, n. [Scotch, clothing.] A term applied to the jacket or outer covering of the cylinder of a steam- engine ; also to the timber casing in- closing the boiler of a locomotive engine, and fire-box ; and to the covering of hair-felt put on steam-pipes to prevent the radiation of heat. Among Scotch workmen, the term has a wider appli- cation, and is used to denote any kind of covering, such as the slating-boards of a roof, the boards of a floor, &c. CLE AN'ER, n. He or that which cleans. CLEAN'ING, n. Tlie act of making clean. — 2. The after-birth of cows, ewes, &c. CLEAN' KAAI, n. Nothing to the pur- pose. [Shah.] CLEAN' PROOF, n. In printing, a 99 proof having few or nt) faults or errors. CLEAN-SHaPED, a. WeU- propor- tioned. CLEAR, n. Amon'; carpenters and builders, the nett distance between two bodies, where no other intervenes, or between their nearest surfaces. [Sec the Adverb.] CLEAR or CLERE-STO'RIAL, a. Misplaced : see after Clear-Story. CLEAR'-COLE. See Claire-Cole. CLEAR-HEADED, a. Having a clear head or understanding. CLEAR'ING A VESSEL. See the Verb. CLEAR'ING-NUT,n. The fruit of the Strychnos potatorum, used in the East Indies for clearing muddy water. [See Stktciinos.] CLEAR'-STARCHED, pp. or a. Stif- fened with starch, and then cleared by clapping. CLEAT, n. [add.] A piece of iron worn on a shoe ; a thin metallic plate ; a piece of wood nailed on in joinery for strengthening. CLEAVING, 7!, The forcible separation of a body into parts, particularly of wood, in the direction of its fibres. CLECK, V. t. or i. To collect; to bring together ; to hatch. [Scotch.] CLECIv'lNG-TIJLE, n. Hatching-time. [Scotch.] CLEDG'Y, a. In agri., an epithet ap- plied to stubborn, tenacious soils, or those mixed with clav. CLEED, v. t. To clothe. [Scotch.] CLEEK, \v. t. To hook; to catch as CLEICK, ) by a hook; to seize; to snatch up hastily. As a noun, a hook. [Scotch.] CLEEK' IT, pp. Caught as with a hook; seized. [Scotch.] CLEF, n. [add.] There are three clefs ; the treble, the mean or C clef, and the bass. CLEFT'-GRAFTING, n. A mode of grafting in which the scion is inserted in a cleft made in the stock ; called also slit-grafting. CLEM'ENCY, n. [add.] Softness or mildness in respect to tlie elements ; as, tJie clemency of the weather. CLEN'ENESSE,t n. Purity; cleanness. [Chaucer. \ CLEO'ME, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Capparidaceas. C. gigantea is a native of South America. It is a beau- tiful plant, but has a disagreeable odour, and an acrid ta.ste. The root of C. dodecandra is used as a vermifuge in the United States. C. rosea is a native of Rio-Janeiro, and has beauti- fully rose-coloured flowers. CLEP'SYDRA, or CLEPSYDRA. CLERE'-STORY,!!. SmClear-Storv. CLER'GlAL,t a. Learned. [Chaucer.] CLER'GION,t "• A young clerk. [Chaucer.] CLER'GY, n. [add.] In England, this term is commonly restricted to minis- ters of the Established churcii. CLER'OYABLE, a. Entitled to, or admitting the benefit of clergy; as, a clergyable felony. CLERGYMAN, n. [add.] A man regu- larly authorized to preach the gospel, and administer its ordinances. — \nEng- land, the term is commonly restricted to ministers of the Established church. CLER'IS Y, n. The body of learned men ; the literati. [Rare.] CLERIC, n. (kliirk.) [add.] A writer or assistant in an oflice ; a keeper of ac- counts in a shop, warehouse, &c. — Clerh CLIMB CLOACA CLOTHES'-BKrSH of the crowfi^ in cJianceri/, an officer of the crown in attendance upon both Houses of Parliament, and upon the great seal. In the House of Lords, he makes out and issues all writs of sum- mons to peers, -m-its for the attendance of the judges, commissions to summon and pi'orogue Parliament, and to pass bills; and performs various other duties. In connection "nnth the commons, he makes out and issues all «Tits for the election of members in Great Britain, &c. This office is called the crown- ojffice. — Clerk of the House of Com- mons, an officer appointed by the crown to make entries, remembrances, and journals of the tilings done and passed in the House of Commons. — Clerk of ike pipe. This office is now abolished. — Clerk in orders, in the church of Enalaiui, a licensed clergyman. CLEUGH, n. A cliff; a raiine. {Scoich.^ €LEVE,t n. [Sax.] A rock, or cUff. {Chaucer J] CLIAN'THUS, n. A gemis of plants, nat. order Leguminos®. The C. puni- ceus is a very elegant plant with crimson flowers; it attains the height of eight or ten feet, and resembles the Suther- landia fnttcscens, when in flower. It is a natjve of New Zealand. CLICHEi *n. [Fr.] The impression of a die in a mass of melted tin or fusible metal. The term cliche is also applied to the French stereotype casts from wood-cuts. — It is also used to denote the negative picture in photographv. CLICHE-CASTING, n. A mode of casting, in which the mould or matrix is made to fall with force suddenly and perpendicularly on metal in fusion. CLICH Y-WHITE, n. A pure white- lead manufactured at Clichy in France. CLICIC, n. In meek., the arm which communicates motion to a ratchet- wheel, called also a ratchet, or a paul, and contradistinguished from the deieid, or latch, which prevents the wheel from moving backwards in the intervals be- tween the steps of tlie click. CLICK, n. [add.] A small sharp sound. CLICK-BEETLE, n. The species of elateridce are so called, from the click- ing noise they make with the spine and ' groove on their breast. CLICKING, n. A small sharp noise. CLIFT,t V. t. To split open. CLIF'TY. a. Same as Clifft. CLIKET,t H. A key; a latch-key. "^Chaucer.] LIMAC TERIC,) a. [add.] aimac- CLI.MACTEIMC,) teric disease, a sudden and general alteration of health, occurring at a certain period of life, and of uncertain duration. — Climacteric teething, the production of teeth at a very late period of life, generally be- tween the sixty-third and eighty-first year. CLIMACTERIC, or CLIMACTER'- IC, n. CUMACTER'ICAL, a. Same as Cli- macteric, a. CLI'MATAL, a. Pertaining to a climate or climates. CLIMA'TION, n. The act of inuring to a climate, as plants. CLIMATOGKAPH ICAL, a. Belong- ing to the study of the variations of climate. CLIMAT0L'06Y, «. [add.] An in- vestigation of the causes on which the cliniate of a place depends. CLIMB, f. I. [add.] To mount or ascend by means of tendnls or adliesive fibres^ applied to pltvits. I CLIMB, V. t. [add.] To mount or ascend by means of tendiils or adhesive fibres, as certain plants. CLINAN'THIUM, n. [Gr. *Xi»i,. a bed, and atddf, a flower or blossom.] In bot., a term sometimes given to the recep- tacle of a composite plant. CLING, V. t, [add.] To apply firmly and closely. 1 clurtff ray legs as close to his sides as I could. Swift. CLINK, r. I. [add.] To rhyme. And yet I must except tlie Rhine, Because it clinks to Caroline. Srcift. CLINK, n. A smart stroke; a jingling sound; money. [Scotch.] CLINKER, n. [add.] Black oxide of iron. It is always formed when iron is heated to redness in the open air, and is readily obtained at the blacksmith's forge. CLINK'ET, pp. Clanked; struck. [Scotch.] CLIN'OlD, a. [Gr. *>,«,. a bed, and uh:, resemblance.] In anat., a term applied to designate the four processes sur- rounding the sella-turcica of the sphe- noid bone, from their resemblance to the knobs of a bedstead. CLINOMETRY, n. Tlie art of mea- suring the dip of mineral strata. CLINOPODTUM,n. A genus of plants, nat. order Labiatie. [See Wild-Basil.] CLIO, n. In myth.^ the muse who was usually supposed to preside over history. She is usually repre- sented with a scroll in her hand, and also sometimes ^rith a scrinium to keep MSS. in, by her side. She is also sometimes represented with a Ivre by lier side. CLIO'NID.E, n, A family of naked ma- riue molluscs, placed by Cuvier as the first of his class Ptero- poda, and having for its type the genus Clio. CLIPPE,t V. i. To cut hair ; to embrace. [Chaucer.] ■ CLIPPER, n. [add.] A fast-sailing vessel; a small schooner 'nith raking masts, built and rigged with a view to fast sailing. Larger vessels are some- i times built after the model of clippers, when thev are said to be clipper-built. 1 CLIPPING-TIME, n. The nick of ; time. — To come in clipping-time, to come as opportunely as he who visits a sheep-farmer at sheep-shearing time, when there is always mirth and good ! cheer. [Scotch.] j CLIP'SY,t a. As if eclipsed. [Cliaucer.] I CLIQUISH, a. (cleek'ish.) Relating to j a clique or party. CLITORIS, n. [Gr. «AuT«{if, from *l(i«, ' to inclose or hide.] In anat., a small ' elongated organ of tlie female puden- dum, concealed by the labia majora. CLOA'CA, n. [L. a common-sewer.] The excrementory cavity in birds, rep- tiles, many fishes, and some mammalia, formed by the extremity of the intes- tinal canal, and which receives the faeces and the urine, together with the semen of the male and the ovum of the female. i CLOA'CA, n. plur. [L.] In patho., the 100 openings, in cases of necrosis or morti- fication of the bones, leading to the inclosed dead bone. CLOAK-PINS, n. Projecting pegs fixed into a rail, attached to a wall, on which to hang hats, cloaks, great-coats, &c. CLOB BED,t a. [Sax.] Like a club. [Chaucer.] CLOCK, H. [add.] Instead of ocloch. Pope and Addison use a-clock. CLOCK-CASE. n. The case or recep- tacle of the works of a clock. CLOCKING-HEN, «. A clucking, hatching, breeding hen. [Scotch.] CLOD, r. f. To throw clods at ; to throw with violence. [Scotch.] CLOIS'TERER, n. One belonging to a cloister. CLOISTER-GARTH, n. In arch., the space inclosed by a cloister. CLOMB'EN,t pret. of Oimb. Did climb. [Chaucer.] CLOOT, )n. Divided hoof; cloven CLOOVE. f hoof. — aoo/-anrf-c/oof, hoof-and-hoof, i.e., every hoof. [Scotch.] CLOOTIE, n. A name for the devil. [Scotch.] CLOSE, r. f. (s as z.) [add.] To close the land, among seamen, an expression sometimes used to imply coming near to the land. CLOSE, arfr. [add.] Close to the icind . When the head of a ship lies near enough the ^dnd to fill the sails with- out shaking them, the vessel is said to sail close to the tcind. CLOSE COKPOR.VTION, n. A cor- poration which fills up its own vacan- cies, the election of members or office- bearers not being open to the public. CLOSED DUCTS, n. In hot., some- times improperly called spiral ducts ; these are vessels or ducts having a spiral fibre in their interior, which breaks if pulled out: they merely differ from spiral vessels by this latter possessing sufficient tenacity to permit of their being pulled out. CLOSE -GRATED, a. Shut up with close gratinirs. CLOSE'-HAULED.a. [add.] As applied to a square-rigged vessel, this term sig- nifies that the vessel is sailing with her j-ards braced up, in order to get as much as possible to ^^•indward. CLOSE'-QU ARTERS,n. [add.] To come to close-quarters, to come into direct contact v,-\th an enemy. CLOS ER,t n. An inclosure. [Chau- cer.] CLOSE-ROLLS AND CLOSE'- "WRITS, n. Royal letters under the great seal, addressed to particular per- sons for particular purposes, which, l>e- cause they are not intended for public inspection, are closed and sealed, and recorded in the close-rollsy in the same manner as letters-patent are in the pa- tent'rolls. CLOSE-STRING, n. In arch., in dog- legged stairs, a staircase without an open newel. CLOS'ET, «. [add.] A small apartment, frequently made to communicate with a bed-room, and used as a dressing- room. When a closet is used for tlje reception of stores, it is called a store- closet. CLOT'ERED,t/>p. Clotted. [Chaucer.^ CLOTH, n- [add.] The cloth U a t^rni familiarly used for the clerical profes- sion or clergy ; so we say, a person of your cloth. CLOTHES, n. (kloths or klOze.) CLOTHES' -BRUSH, n. A brush for removing dust, &c., from clothes. CLUBBING CO-AID COAT-CARD €LOTHES''-MAN, n. A dealer in clothes. CLOTIIES"-FRESS, n. A press or re- ceptacle for clothes. CLU'TUO, n. [Gr. x>.oOu. to spin.] A genus of curious small spiders which inhabit Egypt and the soxith of Europe, remarkable for the curious nest or habitation which they construct for their vnunc:. CLOTir-PUESSING, n. Act of press- ing cloth ; act of pressing stuffs when cold. €LO:B'TED-eRKAi\I.) n. Cream pro- €LOUTED-€REAM,( duced in the form of clots on the surface of new milk when it is warmed. [See the verb To Clout.] €LOUCH,t V. f. To snatch; to clutch. CLOUD, n. [add.] Fiaurativebj, a state of darlcness, obscurity, or danger; as, amidst the clouds of war; a cloud hung over his character; there was a cloud thrown over their prospects. CLOUD'-BllEAK, n. A name given in Germany to a sudden descent of water ( Wolkenbruch ) from the atmosphere, of a delu,'ing and destructive character. CLOUD'LET, n. A small clnnd. CLOUr; ILARCUES, n. (clof.) Crooked arches by which the water is conveyed from the upper pond into the chamber of the lock of a canal, on drawing up the clough. They are also termed paddlr-koles. CLOUR, n. A bump upon the head from a blow; indentation in a brass or pewter vessel; defacement; inequality ol surface produced by a blow. [Scotch.] € L O U R E D, pp. or a. Indented. \ Scotch.] CLO'VATR, a. In conchoL, aterm used when a shell is thicker towards the top, and elongated towards the base. — In zooi., a term very generally used when any part is thicker at the end tlian at the base. CLUVE'-HOOK, n. In ships, an iron clasp in two parts, moving on the same pivot, and overlapping one another, used for bending chain-sheets to the clews of sails. CLOVE'-PINK, n. Clovc-gilly flower, or carnation-pink, Dianthus caryophyl- his, so named from a supposed resem- blance lietween the odour of its flowers and that of cloves. CLOVER-FLOWER, ?i. The flower of clover. CLOVES, n. In bof., the small bulbs formed within the nether bulb of cer- tain plants, such as garlic. CLOWN'S ALL-HI-.AL, n. A plant, the Starhys 2)aluslris. CLOY'D,t pp. [See Clot.] Spiked; pricked, as a horse in shoeing. [Spen- ser.] CLOYSE, n. A clough or sluice. CLUB, n. [add.] An association of per- sons who meet under certain self-im- posed regulations, for the promotion of some common object, as literature, science, politics, hilarity, &c. Also, an association for the support of a club- house, — which see. — A club is defined by Johnson to be "an assembly of good fellows meeting under certain conditions," and this definition is sufti- ciently correct as regards the clubs of his time; but it does not take in all the associations that in modern times have assumed the name of clubs. CLUB, V. t. [add.] To unite for the ac- complishment of a common end; as, to ctid) expenses CLUB'BING, vpr. [add.] In naut. Ian., drifting down a current with an anchor out. CLUB'-GRaSS, n. A species of grass, the Corf/nephorus articiifatus. CLUB-IIOUSE, 7i. [add.] Club-houses are places of rendezvous and entertain- ment, always open to those who are members of them, the members being subject to no other forms and rules than the being balloted for upon ad- mission, and the payment of an annual subscription for the support of the house. To the original character of coffee-room and news-room, the mo- dern club-houses, or clubs, as they are loosely called, add that of library and reading-room, and are furnished with card, billiard, and smoking rooms, and even with baths. The cuisine and do- mestic departments are also complete: in short, luxurious refinement reigns throughout; and the whole is upon a scale that maybe called princely. The club-houses of the metropolis, at least the more modern ones, answer to the character of palatial structures, eclips- ing in external appearance, as well as in internal spaciousness, the town-man- sions of the nobility. CLUB'-RUSH.w. [add.] [5eeSciRFUS.] CLUCK'ING-HEN, 71. A curious bird of the rail family {Arnmus scolopaceus) is so named in Jamaica, from its hal)it of uttering sounds like those of a hen with chickens. It is a solitary bird, and is found among the mountains. eLUi\I,t n. [Sax. clumian.] A note of silence. [Chaucer.] CLUMP'Y, a. Consisting of clumps; massive; shapely. CLUS'TEKED, pp. In bot, collected in parcels, each of which has a roundish figure, as tlie flowers of cuscuta. CLYP'EIFORM, a. [L. chjpeus, a shield, and forma, shape.] Shield- shaped ; a term applied to the large prothorax in beetles. CLYS'TERiZE,t v. t. To apply a clys- ter. CNI'CINE, n. A crystalline matter found in Centaurea bencdicta, and in plants of the order Cynaraceas. It is neutral and bitter, and very similar to columbine. CNI'DIUM, 71. Pepper-saxifrage, a ge- nus of plants, nat. order Umbelliferas. They are worthless herbaceous plants. [See Pepper-Saxifrage.] CO ACTIVITY, n. Unity of action. eOADJUTANT, n. An assistant; an associate. eOADJU'TOR, n. [add.] In the Rom. Catholic church, the assistant of a bishop or other prelate. COADJU VANCY, or €OAD'JU- VANCY. COADJU'VANT, n. In med., an in- gredient in a prescription, designed to aid some other ingredient. COAG'ULANT, n. That which pro- duces coagulation. COAGULATION, n. [add.] This term was formerly synonymous with crys- tallization, but is now used to signify the partial solidification of a fluid body by exposure to cold, or by the addition of some agent or coagulum. — Spon- taneous coagulation, the cohesion of the particles of the blood, of some eft'used fluids, &c. — Induced coaijulation, the effect produced upon albumen by heat, alcohol, acids, rennet. COAG'ULATORY, a. Tending to coagulate or unite. GO'-AID, n. A fellow-helper; conjunc- tive assistance. | Pope.] 101 €OA'ITI, n. [add.] Thismonkey is often called the four-fingered monkey, and belongs to the genus Ateles, so named from the want of the thumb {. €OAUSE'-STUFF, n. In plastering, a mixture of lime and hair, used in the first coat and floating of plastering. COAST'ING, n. Tlie act of sailing along or near a shore. — 2. In some parts of the United States, the sport of sliding down a hill-side upon sledges in winter. [Old French, coste, a hill- side.] COAST-WAITER, n. An oiBcer of the customs, who superintends the landing and shipping of goods coast- ways. \S€e Land-Waiter.] COAST'-WlvSE, adv. By way of, or along the coast. COAT, n. [add.] In ships, a piece of canvas, painted ur tarred, phiced round a mast, at the aperture where it enters the deck, in order to make it water- tight, called a mast-coat, A similar coating applied to the pumps is called a pump-Coat. COii.T-CAKD, n. A card bearing a coated figure ; viz., the king, queen, or COCHLOSPERIMU31 COCKNEYISH COFFEA loiave ; now corrupted into court- card. COATEE', n. A coat with sliort flaps. €OAT'ING,n. [add.] In cAem.,a method employed for securing or repairing glass- retorts used in distillation ; also, the substance used for this purpose, which is a kind of lute, composed of marly earth, kneaded with fresh horse-dung, or slaked -lime and linseed -oil, &:c. [See LoRTCATiON.] €0'BALT-BLUE, n. A beautiful pig- ment, which is a compound of alumina and phosphate of cobalt. -eOBALT-GREEX, n. A preparation of cobalt, the green colour of which is due to the presence of iron. COBALT'INEjH. An arsenio-sulphuret of cobalt, a mineral of a silver or yellowish colour, with a tinge of red, occurring in cubic crystals. COBALT'O-CY'ANIDE OF PO- TASSIUM, H. A salt formed by the union of cobalt, cyanogen, and potas- sium. It is a singularly permanent salt, resisting the action of the strongest acids. It has been applied by Liebig to the separation of cobalt from nickel in analysis. C0B,AXT'0-CYAN'06EN, 77. A com- pound of cobalt and cyanogen, known only in combination witli hydrogen, potassium, &c. It is analogous to fer- vid cyanogen in constitution, and, like it, is tribasic. COBBING, n. A beating on the breech with a flat piece of wood. COB'-HOKSE,7j. A kind of stout-made horse. €0€CID'ItTM, 77. Among the ahjxxoi, and ?.-0of, a stone.] Bury-stone, a variety of augite. COCON',t n. [Fr.] A cocoon. COCOON, n. An antelope of South Africa, allied to the gnu {Catoblepas taurina). COCQUES-DE-PERLE, 77. p/7ir. [Fr.] A kind of half-formed pearls found growing to the linings of the shells of pearl-oysters. COC'TIBLE, a. That may be boiled or baked. [See Cocxios.] CO'CUS-WOOD, 77. A kind of wood, the produce of the Amerimnum ebenus, brought from the West Indies, and used for turning purposes. CO-DEFENDANT, n. In Zajr, a joint- supporter. CODET'TA, 77. [It.] In music, a short passage connecting one action with another, and not composing pai-t of a regular section. CO'DES, n. [add.] A code; a manu- script volume, as of a classic work, or of the Sacred Scriptures. CODIL'LA, 77. The coarsest part of hemp, which is sorted out by itself; also, the coarsest part of flax. CODLING-MOTH, n. A small moth {Pyralis pomara), tlie larva of which feeds on the apple. COD'-LIVER OIL, 77. An oil obtained from the livers of the connnon cod {Morrhua vulgaris, or Gadus vulgaris)y and from allied si>ecies. It is con- sidered an important medicine in cases of rheumatism, consumption, scrofula, &c. COECIL'IA, n. See Cecilia. CtE'CUM, 71. [L. cflec7/5, blind.] In anat,, the blind gut or cul-de-sac at tlie com- mencement of the large intestine. CO'EHORN, 71/ A small mortar for throwing grenades, invented by the engineer of that name. COERCE ABLENESS. Misprint for COERCIBLENESS. COERC'IBLENESS, n. The state of being coercible. COETAL, a. [add.] Of equal duration. COFF, 71. The offal of pilchards, [io- cal.] COFFE'A, n. A genus of aiborescent COKE COLLAR COLLEGE plants, nat. order Cinchonace;E. [See COFFK!!.] COFFEE-BERRY, n. The fruit of the coffce-trcG. €OF'FEE-BIRD, n. A species of biiU- finch {PyrrJnila vlolaeea) is so called in Jamaica ft'om building its nest in coftee- COE'FEE-ROASTER, n. The iron utensU in which cofVee is dried over the fire before being jjround. COF'JFEE-ROO.Ar, n. [add.] A public room, or apartment, in an inn or hotel, \vhere*guests are supplied with refresh- ments and newspapers. COFTEE-TKEE, n. The Co.iTea ara- bica, which produces the berries from which coffee is manufactui'ed. [See COFFF.E.] ■eOF'FEU, n. [add.] A trough in which tin-ore is broken to pieces. eOF'FlN, n. [add.] The crust of a pie; a cotfer. [Shak.] COF'FLE, H. ^'eeCAUFLE in this Sup}^. ■GOG, 71. [add.] A trick or deception. COG'GING, 71. Same as CaulkinGj — which see. COGGING, ;)pr. Wheedling; deceiv- ing ; cheating ; inserting deceitfully ; fixing cogs, as in a wheel. ■eOGlTATlV'lTY,«. Power of think- ing. [Not authorized.] COG'NA€, n. (kon'yak.) [Fr.] A kind of French brandy. [See Cog- NIAC] €OG'NIZABLE, a. (kog'nezabl or kon'ezabl . ) COG'NIZABLY, adv. (kog'nezably or kon'ezably.} €OG'NIZANCE, n. (kog'nezans or kon'ezans.) COGNIZANT, «. (kog'nezant or kon'- ezant.) GOGNIZEE', n. (kognezee' or kon- ezee'.) COGNIZOK', n. (kognezor' or ko- nezor'.) COGNO'VIT, n.[L.he acknowledges.] In law, a term used when the defend- ant acknowledges the plaintiff's claim {cognovit actionem), or a part of it, and suffers judgment to be entered against him without trial. GOG' WARE, 7i. A coarse narrow cloth like frieze, used by the lower classes in the 13th centnry. GOHABITA TION, n. [add.] Venereal act or coit. GOHAB'ITING, jn>r. or lu Dwelling together, or the act of doing so. GOHE'SION, «. [add.] Magnciical co- hesion, that power by which two mag- netical bodies adliere together, as iron to a piece of loadstone. €OHIBI"TION, n. Hindrance; re- straint. CO'HOBATE, 1?. t. For "Among chemists" read " Among earij/ chem- ists." ^ GOIFFETTE, n. [Fr.] A skull-cap of iron worn by soldiers in the 12th and 13th centuries. COIFF'URE, n. [Fr.] The head-dress of a lady. GOI'LONS, n. iilnr, [Fr.] Testicles. [Chaucer. \ COINXIDENCY, n. Same as Coinci- dence. COIN'CIDENT, «. A concurrence; a coincidence. COIN'ING, n. See Cotnage. €OINT,t a. [Fr.] Neat; trim. [Chau- cer.'] COIR, orCOIRE, H. COKE, V. t. To convert into coke; to deprive of volatile matter, as coal. COKEWOLD,t n. A cuckold. [Chau- cer.] COK'ING-KILN, ) n. A chamber in COieiNG-OVEN.J which coal is coked, of which there are many forms. COLBERTEEN',t n. A kind of open lace with a square grounding. COL'CIIICINE, n. A vegetable alka- loid obtained from Colchicum autum.' iiale. COL'CHIGUM,7i. A genus of bulbous- rooted plants, all the species of which form ornamental flowers, nat. order Melanthacese. [See Colchicum Au- TUMNALE.] CoLD,f V. i. To grow cold. [Chaucer.] COLD SHORT-IRON, n. Malleable iron which withstands the greatest de- gree of heat without fnsion, and may be forged under the heaviest hammer when hot, but is brittle when cold. Its brittleness is attributed to the presence of a little silica. COLD-SHOUL'DER, n. To give the cold shoulder to any one, is n familiar pin-ase, signifying to treat him with cool and studied neglect. COLEOF'TERIST, n. One versed in coleopterous insects. COL'ER,t n. A collar, [Chaucer.] CoLE'-RAPE, 7i. A plant, Brassica rapa, or common tiu-nip. COL'ERED,t x>p. or a. Collared; wearing collars. [Chaucer.] CoLE'-SEED, 71. A plant, Brassica na- pus, called also rape. COL'ET, \n. A corruption of Acolyte. COL'LET, ( An inferior church-ser- vant. [See Acolyte.] CO'LIAS, n. [Gr. xo>^iku, to skip.] A genus of diurnal lepidopterous insects, of many species. C. hi/ale, clouded yellow butterfly, and C. edusa, clouded saffron- butterfly, are British species. These butterflies are irregular in their appearance. GOL'IG, n. [add.] This disease is at- tended witli severe pain of the bowels, remitting and recurring at intervals, with constipation, and witliout fever. Its seat is conceived to be chiefly, if not entirely, in the colon; hence its name. It arises from a great variety of causes. COL'ICKY, a. Pertaining to colic. COLISE'UM, 72. The amphitheatre of Vespasian at Rome; also written Co- losseum, — ivhick see. CO'LIUS, ?i. A genus of birds allied to the plantain-eaters, whicli climb among trees somewhat like parrots, and are said to sleep suspended from the branch | with their head downwards. They are natives of Africa. One species is found at the Cape, where it is called the "mouse-bird." This bird is very de- structive in the gardens there, as it attacks the young plants as fast as they come up. COLL,t V. t. [add.] To embrace the neck. COLLAB'ORATOR, n. [Fr. coUaho- rateur.] An assistant; an associate in labour, especially in literary or scien- tific pursuits. [Txecciit.] COLLAPSE', n. A wasting of tlie body, or an extreme depression of its ener- gies ; a more or less sudden failure of the circulation or vital powers, as of the brain, or of the whole system ; a shrink- ing or falling together, as of the sides of a hollow vessel. COL'LAK, n. [add.] In arch,, a collar- beam, — u-hichsee. — In 7«eL7i.,a ruft'on a shaft at one end of a journal, to prevent the shaft from shifting endwise. The journal has sometimes a collar at both 103 ends, but more commonly a collar at one end and a boss at the other ; tlie pillow-brasses fit exactly between, and so prevent endlong motion of the sliaft. — In hot., the ring upon the stipe (stem) of an agaric; the point of junction between the radicle and plumula; the point of divergence of the ascending and descending axis ; that is to say, of the root and stem. COL'LARAGE, 77. A duty on the col- lars of drauglit-horses. COLLAT'ABLE, n. That may he col- lated. COLLAT'ERAL a. [add.] Subordi- nate ; not chief. — Collateral assur- ance, in law, that wliich is made over and above the deed itself. — Colla- teral consanguinity or kindred, — see No. 2. in i>ict. — Collateral issue is where a criminal convict pleads any matter allowed by law in bar of execu- tion, as pregnancy, t!ie king's pardon, an act of grace, or diversity of per- son, viz., that he or she is not the same that was attainted, &c., whereon issue is taken, which issue is to be tried by a jury instanter. — Collateral warranty was wliere tlie heir's title to the land neither was, nor could have been, derived from the warranting ancestor, as wliere a younger brother released to his father's disseizor, with warranty, this was collateral to the elder brother. This warranty is now abolished. GOLLAT'ING,77.The act of comparing; the act of examining by comparing, a^i manuscripts and books; the act of pre- senting and instituting, as a clergyman to a benefice. — Among printers, the examining of tiie sheets of a book to ascertain whether they are gathered correctly. COLLA'TION,t n. [Fr.] A conference. [Chaucer.] COLLEGTA'NEA, n. plur, [L. things collected.] In literature, a term applied to a selection of passages from various authors, usually made for the purpose of instruction. COLLECTIVE, a. [add.] Having the oflice or power of collecting together. COLLECTOR, n. [add.] Electrical collectoi', the upijer plate or disk of a. condenser, employed for collecting electricity. COLLECTORATE, n. Tiie district of a collector; a coUectorship. COL'LED,*!- />/). Embraced round the neck. [SiJenser.] COL'LEED, %n\ or a. Blackened ; smutted ; black ; discoloured. [See Colly.] [Shaft.] COI/LE6E, n. [add.] In England, a college is an eleemosynary lay corpora- tion, of the same kind as an hospital, and it exists as a corporate body either by prescription or by the grant of the sovereign. A college is not neces- sarily a place of learning, although in the academical sense of the word it is so. A college is called eleemosynary because its object is the perpetual dis- tribution of alms or the bounty of the founder, among sucli persons as he has mentioned in tlie terms of the endow- ment. It is called a lay corporation, because it is not subject to the juris- diction of the ecclesiastical courts, or to the visitation of tlie ordinary or dio- cesan in his spiritual capacity. A college generally consists of a head, called a provost, a master, rector, prin- cipal, or warden, and of a body of fel- lows, and generally of scholars, besides COLOISELLING COLTISHLY COMA various officers or servants, according to the peculiar nature of the fonnda- tioD. Of late years various places of learning have been incorporated under the name of coUeijeSy by royal charter, such as University CoHege and King's College, London. AVhcn a college possesses mthin itself all the means of instruction, and the rights and faculties which are incident to a university, the terms university and college are in effect convertible, and are used indis- criminately, as in the case of Trinity College, Dublin, and the Scottish col- leges, although the latter, not possess- ing a regular body of fellows, and scholars receiving stipend, cannot, in the strict sense of the term, be called collegiate bodies. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge, on the other I hand, are composed of a number of I colleges united together under the same i discipline and government, and in which the powers peculiarly belonging to a | university are wielded by one class of authorities, and the functions of the colleges superintended by another. [See Umveusitt.] — In France, the term college signifies a school, or rather a gymnasium, one of these being in every large town. — College of justice, in Scotland, a term applied to the supreme civil courts, composed of the lords of council and session, together ^^^th the advocates, clerks of session, clerks of the bills, writei's to the signet, &c. €OLLE'6lATE, a. [add.] Collected; combined ; united. [Bacon.^ COLLIDE', V. i. [add.] To encounter violentlv ; to meet in shock. COL'LIE, H. A cur; a dog. [Scotch.] COL'LIE-SHANGIE, n. A quarrel; a confused uproar like that produced when collies fall a-worrying one another about one of their own kind, that has got a sltangie, i.e., a canister, &:c., tied to his tail. [Scotch.] €OL'LIMATLN'G, a. Correcting the error of sight. €OL'LINGES,t n. plur. (kollings.) [Fr.] Embraces round the neck. [Chaiicej-.] COLLl'SlVEjf a. Causing collision; clashing. €OLLO'DION,n. [Gr.«.WL», glue, and uits, resemblance.] A new substance, which forms a very elegant and useful substitute for adhesive plaster in the case of small wouuds and cuts of the | skin. It is prepared by dissolving gun- cotton in ether. "When the fluid solu- I tion is applied to the cut or wound, it I immediately dries into a semi-transpar- ! ent, tenacious film or crust, which adheres firmly to the part, and under it the wound or abrasion of the skin heals without inflammation. i COLLO'QUIALISM, n. A word or phrase used in common conversa- ! tion. COLLOQUIAL'ITY, n. The state of being colloquial. [Xot aidhorized.'\ \ COLLTJTO'RIUM, n. [L. culluo, to ! wash, and as, oris, the mouth.] A lotion for rinsing the mouth. COLON, n. [add.] In anat., the colon is distinguished into the right lumbar or ascending colon; the arch of the colon, or traiisverse colon ; the left lumbar, or descending colon ; and the sigmoid flexure, or left iliac colon. COL'ONEL, v.i. (kur'nel.) To play the part of a colonel; to act the colonel. [Hudibras.] t;OLONEL'LING, ppr. or n. Roving about ; raking.— 2. Plajing the part of a knight- errant. Then did sir knight al>andon dwelling. And ou he rode a colonelling. Hudibras. COLONI'TIS, n. Inflammation of the colon. COLOXIZA'TIONTST, n,- An advo- cate for colonization. ■eOL'ONlZER, n. One who establishes colonies. COL'OPHONITE, or COLOPH'- OXITE. COL'OPHOXT, or COLOPH'ONY. COLOSSO'CHELTS, n. A gigantic genus of tortoises, found in a fossil state in India. One species is known, named by its discoverers C. ailasj from its immense size. ■COLOSTRUM, n. [L.J The first milk secreted in the breasts after childbirth. — 2. A mixture of turpentine with the yolk of an egg. COL'OUR, «. [add.] Prismatic colours, colours produced by transmitting white light through colourless prismatic bodies, as a triangular glass prism. [See Spectrum.] — Primary coloursy the colours of the spectrum. Accord- ing to Sir D. Brewster, there are only three primary colours, viz., red, yellow, and blue; the other four, viz., orange, green, indigo, and violet, being pro- duced by combinations of the former, and therefore properly termed second- ary or compound colours. — Compli- mentary colours, in jyainting, those which are composed of the opposites of any given colour. — Harmony of colours results from an equal distribution of the three primarj" colours, red, blue, and yellow, either pure Or compounded with each other. — Contrast of colour. Each of the tliree primitive colours forms a contrast to the other two, and this con- trast is termed simple ; but by mixing the primitive colours we produce com- pound contrasts ; thus, orange forms a compound contrast to blue. Blue is termed a cold colour, and orange a v:arm colour. — Colours of plates, those variously tinted rings or bands which appear when light is transmitted through, or reflected from, the surfaces of a lamina formed of any transparent medium. When the lamina? are less than the tenth of an inch in thickness, or extremely attenuated, the colours are said to be those of thin plates; when the thickness exceeds the tenth of an inch, the colotu^ are said to be those of thick plates; and when a film of some liquid is interposed between two plates of glass, the colours are said to be those of mixed plates. — In lair, a probable plea, but which is, in fact, false. Its design is to draw the trial of the cause from the jury to the judges, and therefore colour ought to be matter in law, or doubtful to the jury. — Colour of office, an act unjustly done by the countenance of an office. CoL'OURED, pp. or a. [add.] Coloured rings. [See under Kjng.] COL'OUR-MAN, n. One who prepares and sells colours. COL'PORTAUE, n. The system of distributing tracts, &c., by colporteurs. COL'PURTER, n. Same as Colpok- TEIR. COLT,t V. t. [add.] To abuse or defile. [Shak.] COLT'-EYIL, n. A sweUing in the sheath, a distemper to which young horses are liable. COLTISHLY, adv. In the manner of a colt. KM C OLU' G O, n. An animal of the Asiatic islands, described by Linnseus as a le- mur, by modem naturalists regarded as the type of a new genus, Galeopi- thecus, — see that word in Diet. COLUM'BA. ^ee Callmba. COLUM'BA, n. A genus of birds which form the transition from the passerine to the gallinaceous orders. It comprises the pigeons, which are characterized by the double dilatation of the crop, and I by their habit of feeding their yoimg I with food disgorged from this recep- tacle. [See Pigeon.] COLUMBA'RIA, n.i>/Hr. [L.] Inarch., j holes left in walls for the insertion of pieces of timber, now commonly called I putlog holes. COLUMBA RIUM, n. [L. a pigeon- { house.] Among the Romans, colura- j baria were places of sepultiu*e for the I ashes of the dead, after the custom of I burning the dead had been introduced j among them. They consisted of arched j and square-headed recesses formed in j walls, in which the cinerary urns were I deposited, and were so named from the , resemblance between these recesses and those formed for the doves in a dove- cot. COL'OIBARY, orCOLUMTJAKT. COLUMBIUM, n. [add.] Columbium occurs very sparingly in the minerals tantalite or columbite, and >-ttro-tan- talite, as columbic acid. The metal is obtained by the action of potassium on the double fluoride of columbium and potassium, as a black powder, which, when compressed, exliibits metallic lustre ; and, when heated, burns in air, vielding columbic acid. COLUMELLA, n. [add.] In concAo/., the upright pillar in the centre of most of the univalve shells, round which the whorls are convoluted. COLUMELLIA'CE^, n. A small nat. order of monopetalous exogens. The species are South American and Mexi- can bushes, of no known use. COLU-MNA, 71. [L.] A column or pillar; applied in anat. to various parts of the body which in their shape or oflice re- semble columns ; as the columns car- ne(p, or muscular fasciculi of the internal walls of the heart ; columna veriebralis, the vertebral column, i:c. COLUMXA'RIA, n. A genus of zoo- phytes, belonging to the polypi or coral family, so named from the columnar form of the axis. COLUMXAR'ITT, n. The state of being columnar. COL'UMNED, a. Having columns. COLUMNIE'ER^E, n. An old name of malvaceous plants. COLYMBID.^,n. The divers, a family of natatorial or swimming birds, inha- biting the northern regions, and distin- guished by their legs being placed so far back that they always assume an erect position when standing. The wings are remarkably short, and the bill lengthened, strong, and straight. They dive for the fish on which they feed. The typical genus is Colymbus, the loon, of which three species are met with in the British sea; the C glacialis, or northern diver ; the C. arcticus, or black -throated diver; and C septentrionalis, or red-throated diver. To this family also belong the genus Una, containing the guillemots. CO'MA, n. [add.] A morbid condition of the brain, attended with loss of sen- sation and voluntary motion, the patient lying as if in deep sleep. COMMANDERY COMMISSION COMMUNICATE €OM'BATABLE, a. That may be dis- puted or opposed; that may be com- bated. eOMBINA;TION, n. fadd.] Combina- iion-rooni, in the universitif of Cam- bridge^ a room into which the fellows withdraw after dinner, for wine, dessert, and conversation. COMBINED',!);), [add.] Bound. [S/inA.] COMB'ING, n. [add.] Act of using a comb. COMBINGS, n. See Coamings. eOMB'-MAKING, n. The art or busi- ness of making combs. COMB'OLO'IO, n. A Mahometan ro- sary consisting of ninety-nine beads. And by her comboloio lies A Koruu of illuminaleil dyes B'/Ton, hride of Abjdos. €OM'BRE-WORLD,t n. An incum- brance to the world COMBUSTIBILITY, n. Quality of being combustible. eOMBUS'TION.n. [add.] Those bodies which are considered as the causes of the phenomenon of combustion are called suppoiiers of comhustiun ; as oxygen, chlorine, iodine, and the com- pounds which they form with eacli otlier, and with azote; and those sub- stances whicli combine with them are called combustibles. — Invisible combus- Uon, a term appUed by Sir H. Davy to those phenomena of combustion which are etfected without the disengagement of light, as when oxygen and hydrogen, contined in tubes, are cax'efuUy exposed to a high temperature. COME, I', i. [add.] To be about, or on the point ; as, I now come to consider the next branch of tlie subject. — To come off, to pay. {Shah.l COMEAT'ABLE, a. That maybe come at; that may be reached or obtained. [Colloq.] COMEN'IC ACID, n. See Komenic Acid. COME-OUT'ER, n. One who forsakes establislicd communities or societies; a radical reformer. 'lAmericaii.'] €OM'l- ORTABLE, n. A warm coverlet for a bed, containing down or cotton quilted in. [Amencan.] COMFORTER, n. [add.] A knit wool- len fabric, long and narrow, for tying round the neck in cold weather ; a sort of tippet of similar fabric, worn by females. COM'FORTFUL, a. Full of comfort. eOM'FORTLESSLY, adv. In a com- fortless manner. COM'ING, 2'Pr. [add.] Coming to, or coming up, in marine Ian., a term applied to a vessel when her head is approacli- ing towards the direction of the wind. It is opposed to falling off. COMINGS, n. See Co.^mings. COMMAND'ANCY- GENERAL, n. The office or jurisdiction of a governor of a Spanish province or colony. COMMAND'ER, n. [add.] Commander- in-chief, one who has tlie supreme com- mand; a generalissimo; tlie officer in whom is vested the supreme comnjand of all the land-forces of the British Em- pire, lie is appointed by the ministry of the day, and is assisted by several subordinate oihcers. COMMaND'ERSIIIP, n. The office of a commander. COMMAND'ERY, Ui. [add.] Among COMMAND'RY, / several orders of /mights, a district under the control of a member of the order, who received tlie income of the estates belonging to the kniglits within that district, and I. — Supp. expended part for his own use, and accounted for the rest. ■COMMAND'MENT, n. [add.] In laiv, the offence of inducing another to transgress the law or do anything con- trary to it ; called by the civilians man- datum. COMMEMORA'TION, n. [add.] Com- memoration-day, in tlie university of Oxford, an annual solemnity in honour of the benefactors of the university, when orations are delivered, and prize compositions are read in the theatre. It is the great day of festivity for the year. €OM'MEN,+ V. i. To commune; to discourse together. [^Spenser.'] COMMEND'AM, n. [add.] By a recent statute, it is enacted that no ecclesias- tical dignity, office, or benefice, shall be held in commendam by any bishop, un- less he so held the same at the time of passing the act ; and that every com- mendam in future granted, whether to retain or to receive, and whether tem- porary or perpetual, shall be absolutely void to all intents and purposes, COMMENDATARY, a. Holding in commendam. COMMEND'ATORY LETTERS, n. Letters written by one bishop to an- other in behalf of any of the clergy, or others of his diocese, travelling tliither, that they may be received among the faithful ; or tliat tlie clerk may be pro- moted ; or necessaries administered to others. COMMEN'TATIVE, a. Making or containing comments. COMMENTATO RIAL, a. Relating to comments, COMSIERE, n. [Fr.] A gossip; a goody; a godmother. €OM'MIA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Euphorbiaceie. C. cochinchinen- sis, a native of Cochin-Cliina, is a small tree, with a resinous juice, which is emetic, purgative, and deobstruent. It is recommended in cases of dropsy. COM'MINUTE, a. Comminuted; di- vided into very small parts. COMMISERATIVE, a. Compassion- ate. [Rare.'] COMMISSION, n. [add.] In military affairs, the document by which an officer is authorized to perform duty for tile service of the state. In tlie regular array, all such documents must be signed by tlie sovereign ; but in the navy tliey are signed by the lords-commissioners of the admiralty. — 2'o jmt a ship info commission, to send it forth on public service after it has been laid up.— To put the great seal into commission, to place it in the hands of commis- sioners during the period that inter- venes between the going out of one lord-chancellor and the accession of another. — In civil affairs, the war- rant, or letters-patent, which all per,sons exercising jurisdiction, either ordinary or extraordinary, have, to authorize tliem to hear or determine any cause or action, or to do other lawful things; as, the commission of the judges, &c. — Commission of delegates, a commission issued under the great seal to certain persons, usually lords, bishops, and judges, to sit upon an appeal to the king in the court of cliancery, where a sentence was given, in any ecclesiastical cause, by tlie archbishop. It is now repealed.— C'ommwsioft of the jieace, a commission issuing under tlie great seal for the appointment of justices of the peace. 105 COMMIS'SION-DAY,n. The opening day of tlie assizes. COMMISSIONED, pv. or a. [add.] Commissioned officers, in the army and navy, officers who hold commissions, in distinction from subaltern officers. COMMIS'SIVE,a.Actuallyperformed; committing. [Jiaye.] ■COMMISSU'RA, n. [L.] In ayiat. [See Commissure.] €OM'MISSURE, or COMMIS'SURE. COMMISU'RAL, a. Belonging to a line or part by which otlier parts are connected togetiier. The connecting line or part,is termed tlie commissure. COMMODE, «. [add,] A chest of drawers, often witli shelves added, and other conveniences. COMMODORE, or COJIMODORE'. COM'MON, a. [add.] Common chord, in music, a perfect chord, which con- sists of any given note together with a major third and perfect fifth. — Common law, the ordinary law of any country. In England, that body of customs, rules, and maxims, which have acquired tlieir binding power and the force of laws, in consequence of long usage, recognized by judicial decision, and not by reason of statutes now extant. — Common lAeas. [add.] Tliis court is at present composed of tive judges, one of whom is chief-justice, and the other four are puisne-justices ; all created by the king's (queen's) letters-patent. — Com- mon sense. [See Sense.] — Common term, in logic, a term which is applicable in tlie same sense to more than one indi- vidual object. Common terms are called predicahles. — Common bar, in law, tlie same as blank bar. [See Blank.] — Com- mon bench, the ancient name of tlie court of common pleas. — Common fine, a sm;ill sum of money. COMMONALITY n. See Common- alty. COM'MONANCE,tn.Thecommoners, or tenants, or tenants and inliabitants, who have the right of common, or commoning in open field. COM'MONER, n. [add.] In Oxford, a commoner corresponds to a pensioner at Cambridge. COM'MON JOISTS, n. In arch , those joists in single naked flooring to which the boards are fixed. COM'MONLY', oj/f. [add.] Together; jointly. [L. coiumuniter.] [Spenser.! COM'MON RAFTERS, n. In arch., those rafters in a roof to which tlie boarding or lathing is attached. COM'MON ROOFING, n. In arch., tliat kind of roofing which consists of eonimon rafters only, which bridge over the purlins in a strongly-framed roof. COMMONWEALTH', )n. [add.] In COM'MON WEALTH, f English his- tory, the (orm of '^^overnment established on the death of Charles I., and which existed under Cromwell and his son. COMMONWEALTHS-MAN, n. One who favom'ed the English common- wealth. eOM'MUNE, n. [add,] In the country a commune sometimes embraces a num- ber of villages, w liile some large cities are divided into a numher of communes, COM'MUNE,t n. [Fr.] Commonalty. [Chaucer.] COM'MUNES,t n. plur. Commoners; common people. [Chaucer.] COMMU'NICANT, a. Communicat- ing; imparting. [liar, us.] COMMU'NICATE,!.. i. [add.] To be a member of any church. [Pojie.] To reach ; to extend to ; to be imparted to. 7 II COMPASSES COMPLEMENT COMPOUNDING COMMU'NICATING DOORS, n. In arch.y those doors \vhich, wlien open, throw two apartments into one. COMMUNICATIVELY, ado. By communication. eOM'MUTATOR, n. In cJedro-mag- neiic experiments, an apparatus included in the circuit between tlie battery and the electro-magnetic apparatus, for re- versing tlie current witliout the neces- sity of changing' the arrangement of the conductors from the poles. COMOCLA'DI A, «. A genus of plants, nat. or;>. [add.] Arched. [Shah.] tOM PASSED "WINDOW, n. A bow- window. [^ViflA,] COM PASSES, n. phir. [See Compass, No. 6.] A mathematical instrnmentfor describing circles, measuring figures, distances between two points, &c. — Common compasses, or dividers, consist simply of two pointed legs, movable on a joint or pivot, and used for measuring and transferring distances. For describ- ing circles, the lower end of one of the legs is removed, and its place supplied by a holder for a pencil, or by a steel- pen. — Hair-compasses, compasses in which one of the legs has the lower part attached to the upper by a spring, so that by means of a screw a very small motion may be given to the lower end. It is used for very accurate di- viding. — Boic-compasses. [See Bow- CoMPASscs in this Sitpp.] — Triangular compasses. [See Triangular.] — Beam- compasses. [See Bkam.] — Propor- tional compasses, [^fc Proportional.] €0MPAS'S10NATE, «. [add.] Plain- tive; complaining. [Shah.] COM PASS-ROOF, «. In arcA., an open timber roof. "Willis' Survey describes Ely cathedral as compass-roofed. COM PASS-TIMBEK, n. In ship- buihling, curved or crooked timber. CO-AIPASS-MINDOW, w. In arch., a circular bay-window or oriel. €OM'PAST,t a. [From compass.] Cir- cular. — Compassed creast, the round part of a helmet. [^pcH.?*'/".] COMPAT IBLE, a. [add.] Compatible terms, in logic, terms expressive of two views which may be taken of the same object at the same time ; as, to be white and cokl. COxMPA'TRIOT, 71. instead of C0:M- PAT'KIOT. COMPATRIOT, rt. instead of COM- PAT'RIOT. COMPA'TRIOTISM,instead of COM- PAT'RIOTISM. COMPENSATION, n. [add.] Com- pensation-balance, in a watdi or cliro- nometer, a contrivance for correcting the errors occasioned by the variation of temperature, by making two oppo- site actions counteract each other's effects, and thus cquahze the momen- tum of the balance under all ciianges of temperature and climate. Compen- sation-bars, bars formed of two or more metals of different expansibilities, so that the expansion of one counteracts the expansion of another. They are used to produce perfect equality of mo- tion in the balances of chronometers, and the pendulums of clocks. COMPETE', V. i. [add.] To be in a state of competition; to rival; to contend ; to seek after, or strive, or endeavour to attain that which anotiier is seeking after or striving to attain, viz., in rivalry or in emulation. COMPETITION, n. [add.] To come into competition ivith another, to strive ; to contend for; to make equal claim to a thing with another; to challenge, covet, or sue for a thing as well as an- other. Also, to hold one's self every- way as good as another. €OMPET ITIVE, a. Relating to com- petition ; emulous. [Rare.] COMPET ITOR, 71. [add.] A com- panion; an associate; afellow. [Shah.] COMPET ITORS, ». plur. Confede- rates; associates. [iS'AaA.] COMPLAIN ', V. i. [add.J To complain of good breeding, in Shah., signities to complain of tlic want of good breeding. COMPLAISANT I.V, instead of CO:\l PLAISVNTLY. COMPLAISANT NESS, instead of COM'PLAISANTNESS. GOM'PLAN ATE, a. Flat or laminate ; having thin plates. COMPLEAT'. See Complete. COMPLEMENT, n. [add.] Accom- plishment. [.S'/iuA.j— Character. [Spen- ser.] lUG COMPLE.MENT'ARY, a. Completing; supplying a deficiency; complemental, — Complementary colours. [See Col- our in this Snpp.] COM'PLEMENTS,t n. plur. Cere- monies; accomplishments; making that peifect which was wanting ; every- thing which serves to complete the virtue of courtesy. [Spenser.] COMPLEX'ION, n. [add.] Natural in- clination. COMPLICITY, n. [add] The state of being an accomplice ; partnership in crime. COM PLIMENT, «. [add.] Respect for forms. [Shah.] COMPLIMENT'ATIVE, a. Compli- mentary. [Ba}-e.] COM PLlSHING.t ppr. Accomplish- ing; fultilling. [^pc/wer.] COMPLY, V. i. [add.] To suit, or tally with ; as, the altar was shaped so as to comply with the inscription that sur- rounded it. [Addison.] COM'PLYNES,t ". idur. [See Com- pline.] Even-song; the last service of tiie day. [Spenser^] COMPOSE', r. i. To agree ; to come to an agreement. [Shah.] COMP0STNG-RULE,n.In/)W»ft'rt(;,a piece of brass rule which is laid in a compositor's composing-stick, and upon wiiich he arranges the types ; it facili- tates the process, and by means of it the compositor empties his stick when it is full. COMPOS'ITE,! a. [add.] Made up of COMPOSITE,) parts; as, a compo- site language ; compounded ; united together. COMPOSITE, «. A composition; a union. COMPOSI'TION, n. [add.] In late, the agreement between a bankrupt, after his last examination, and nine-tenths of his creditors, for tlie satisfaction of their claims, which has the effect of superseding the tiat of bankruptcy. — In the fne arts, that combination of the several parts whereby a subject or object is agreeably presented to the miud, cavli part being subordinate to the whole. COMPOSITIVE, a. [add.] Com- pounded. COMPOS MENTIS. [L.] Being of sound mind. — Non compos mentis, being of unsound mind. COMPOST, n. [add.] A mixture or composition for plastering the exterior of houses, usually called compo. COMPOST', V. t. [add.] To plaster. COMPOST, a. Combined; mixed to- gether. COMPOTE, n. [Fr.] Stewed fruit; fruits prepared in syrup ; generally stone-fruits. COM'POUND, a. Sig. 8, for Compound qualities, read Compound quantities. COxM'POUND, n. [A corruption of the Portuguese word campanha.] In the JiJast Indies, the inclosure in wliieli isolated houses stand. The compound contains the dwelling, which is gen- erally in the centre, the out-offices, stable or awning for horses, the farm- yard, and the garden. COMPOUND , V. i. [add.] To imite. COMPOUNDER, n. [add.] One who compounds with a debtor or felon. One at a university who pays extra- ordinary fees, according to his means, for the degree he is to take. COMPOUND ING, ppr. instead of COMPOUNDING. COMPOUNDING, n. The act of ar- I CONCEPTIBILITY CONCORDAT CONDITIONAL ranging or of coming to terms. — Com- puunding of felony, in law, is where the party robbed, not only knows the felon, but also takes his goods again, or other amends, upon an agreement not to prosecute. This offence is denominated theft-bote, and is punishable by fine and imprisonment. COMPOUND QUANTITIES,n.?)/«r. In arith,, such tiuantities as consist of more than one denomination, as five pounds, six shillings, and ninepence, or four miles, three furlongs, and ten yards. The operations of adding, sub- tracting, multiplying, and dividing such quantities are termed compound addi- tion, compound subtraction, compound vmliipJication, and compound division. \Sce Compound, No. 8.] €OMPOWN'ED,t/)7J. Composed ; put together. [Chaucer A COMPRA'DOU, 11. [Port.] In the Chinese jwrts, as Canton, &c., a native trading manager for European mer- chants or residents. The compradors are a kind of agents, and their names are inscribed in the police-registers, security being taken for their probity in dealing for their employers. Every European House of business has its comprador, who is its factotum on all ordinary occasions, even to the regula- tion of a resident's houseliold. COMPREIIEND'ER, n. One who com- prehends. [Rar. us.] COMPRESSION, n. [add.] In med., a diseased state of the body, or of a part ; the effect of pressm'e, as compression of the brain. COM'PRINT, 71. The surreptitious printing of a work belonging to another; a work thus printed. COMPTE, «. (kont.) [Fr.] Account. COMPTR<:)L'LER,n. (kontrol'ler.) An officer appointed to keep a counter-re- gister of accounts, or to oversee, con- trol, or verify the accounts of otlier officers ; as, the comptroller of the cus- toms, [See CONTKOLLER.] COMPTROL LEUSHIP, n. (kontrol'- lership.) The office of comptroller. COMPUNC'TIOUSLY, adv. With compunction. €OM'PlJKGATOR,n. Instead oi bore, COMTE, 71. (kont.) [Fr.] A count. CON'At'RE, n. The conacre system,\n Ireland, tlie subletting by a tenant of one or more acres of his farm, with or witliout manure, for a single crop. CONCEAL'EIiS,trt. Persons who were employed to find out concealed lands, that is, such lands as were privily kept from the king by common persons, having nothing to show for their title or estate tliercin. €ONCElT',t v.i. To form a notion; to conceive. €ONCfc;iT'ED,?jp. ora. [add.] Ingeni- ous; imaginative. [Shah.] CONCEIVE', V. t. [add.] To draw up ; to express ; to frame. CONCEN'TER. See Concentre. CONCEN'TRATIVE, a. Tending to concentrate. CONCENTRED. -See Concknteued. CONCENTRICALLY, adv. In a con- centrical manner, CONCENTRING. See Concenteb- INO, CONCEP'TACLE, ) n. Among the CONCEPTAC'ULUM,) o/j/ff, applied to a one-celled case, containing a great many spores or tetraspores. CONCEPTIBILITY, n. The quaUty of being conceivable. CONCERT', V. i. To cousult with ; to contrive. CONCERTI'NA, n. A musical instru- ment recently invented by Professor AVheatstone, tlie principle of whicli is similar to that of the accordion. It is composed of a bellows, with two hexa- gonal faces or ends, and on these are placed the various stops or studs, by the action of which air is admitted to the lamina; (ortongues, or steel bars), which produce the sounds, and hereon are also fixed the thumb-straps and finger-rests. The finger-stops are in four rows; tlie two middle rows being confined to the notes of the natural scale, and the two outer to the sharps and fiats. The compass of the instrument is three octaves and three notes. There are also tenor and bass concertinas. CONCER'TION, n. Contrivance; ad- justment. CONCERT'MENT, n. The act of con- certing. CONCETE',t n. Conception; appre- hension. [Chaucer.] CONCH'A, n. In arch., the concave ribless surface of a vault. CONCHA'CEA, instead of CON- CHA'CEiE. C0NCI10L'06lST,n. [add.] The name given to species of shells of the genus Phorus, from their often attaching shells to the margins of their whorls as they grow. Some species prefer stones, and are called miner alo a. Figs. 1 and 2 mis- CON'ICAL.j placed. CON'ICAL PROJECTION, n. A me- thod of representing part of a sphere upon a plane, called also the method of development. CON'ICINE, n. Same as Coxia,— which see. CONIC SECTIONS, n. [See under Coxic] Algebraically considered, the conic sections are curves of the second degree, and may be treated as generated by the motion of a point on a plane. Their ditferent properties may be in- vestigated by the modern algebraic analysis, as well as by geometry. CONI'INE, n. Same as Coxl4, — which see. CON'ILITES, n. A genus of fosa'l cephalopods, the shell of which is coni- cal, straight, or slightly curved. CONIROS TRAL, a. Having a thick conical beak, as crows and finches. CON'ISAUNCE.t n. [Fr.] Under- standing. [Chaucer.] CO'NIUM. n. Hemlock, a genus of plants. [See Hemlock.] CONICRE' t r. i, [L. conjuro.] To conspire. I Spenaer.] CONJECTE.fr. <. [Fr.] To project. [Chaucer ] CONJECT'URALIST, n. One who deals in coniectures, CONJECTURE, v. i. To form con- jectures. CONJOINT'NESS, n. State of being joined or united. CON' JUG AL, a. [add.] Conjugal rightSy the privilege which husband and wife have of each others society, comfort, and affection. CONJUGAL'ITY, h. The conjugal state. [Rar. us.] CON JUGATE, a. [add.] In mathe- matics, a term applied to two points, lines, &:c., when they are considered together, with regard to any property, in such a manner that they may be in- terchanged ^\ithout altering the way of enunciating the property. — Conjugate point of a curve, a single point bing by itself, whose co-ordinates satisfy the equation of the curve, ^^'ithout its actu- ally being on any continuous branch of the curve. — Conjugate fociy in optics, when rays, falling upon a lens, are so refracted as to converge and meet in a point, either nearer the lens than the principal focus, or farther from it, the point in which they meet, and the prin- cipal focus, are called, with respect to each other, conjugate foci. Thus, the parallel rays c A, c B, falling upon the lens A B, converge in the principal focus b; but the rays d, d, which have an inclination towards each other be- fore entering the lens, converge at a; therefore, a and b are conjugate foci in the case illustrated. CONJUGA'TION, h. Among alga^, a term applied to the mode in which two filaments of Zygnema and some analogous genera are seen to unite by means of tubes, the contents of one cell passing into a cell of the other CONSIGNIFY CONSTABLE CONSUMPT tube, the resiUt of which is a germina- ting spore. €ONJUN€TION,n. [add.] The copu- lation of the sexes. CONJUNCTIVA, ?,. [add.] The mu- cous membrane which lines the poste- rior surface of the eyelids, and is con- tinued over the fore-part of the globe of the eye. eONJUNCT'IYAL MEMBRANE, „. In anat., the conjunctiva,— uVo'cA sec. CON'JUEE, t>. t. [add.] To conjure »;>, to raise up, or bring into existence withaut reason, or by unnatural means; as, to conjure up a phantom ; to conjure up a story. CON'JUKER, n. An enchanter; a jug- gler. [See CONJUROU.] CONJURER, n. One who solemnly enjoins or conjures. CONNE.t V- '• To know; to be able. [See Con.] [Chaucer.'] CONNECT', r. i. [add.J To have rela- tion to anything, so as to be influenced in common with it; as, this part will not connect with what goes before [Bp. Iforne.] CONNEC TOR, n. In cJietn., a small tube of caoutchouc for connecting to- gether the ends of glass-tubes in pneu- matic experiments. CO'NOID, a. Like a cone; applied to the surface generated by the revolution of a conic section about its axis. CONOID'AL, a. Approaching to a conical form ; nearly, but not exactly conical. CO'NOPS, n. [add.] The C. calcitrans IS the type of the geims Stomoxys (Gr. iTTo^ioe, mouth, and cfat, sharp). The larvaj of the true species of conops are parasitic in humble-bees. CON'QUER, ;.. (. [add.] To get to the top of; as, to conquer a hill. I Addison 1 CONSt'RIP'TION, n. [add.] A com- pulsory enrolment of individuals of a certain age, held liable to be drafted for military or naval service ; a system which existed among the Romans, and was introduced into France at the time of the first French revolution, as a mode of recruiting the army. CON'SECRATE, v. t. [add.] To sanc- tion ; to make inviolable. CON'SEeRATEDNESS, n. State of being consecrated. [Rare.] CON'SEIL,t n. [Fr.] Counsel. [Otau- cer.] CONSENS'UAL,tff. Irapljing consent. — Consensual contract, marriage. CONSENT', V. i. [add.] To feel or move correspondently to some existing cause. CONSENT'ANT,tjJi)r. [Fr.] Consent- ing, f Chaucer.] CONSERVANCY, n. [add.] Conserva- tion ; preservation. CON'SERVATOR, n. [add.] Conserva- tors of the peace, officers who, by the common-law of England, were ap- pointed for the preservation of tlie public peace, before the institution of justices of the peace. Their powers were far inferior to those of modern justices of the peace. CONSID-ER, K. t. [add.] To regard in a particular light; to judge; to esteem; to reckon. CONSID-ER, V. i. [add.] To recollect; to observe. CONSIGNED', p/). [add.] Confirmed; ratified. [Shah.] CONSIGNIF'ICANT, a. E.xpressiug joint signification. CONSIGNIFY, !). t. To denote a joint signification. CONSISTORY, n. [add.] In the Eng. lish church, the consistory court is held by the bishop's chancellor or commissary, and l)y archdeacons or their officials, either in the cathedral church or otiier convenient place in the diocese, for the hearing and determining of matters of ecclesiastical cognizance happening within that diocese. The consistory courts grant probates of wills for the goods and chattels of a deceased person whicli are witiiin tlieir jurisdiction. In some cliurches, as tlie Dutch, a consis- tory is the lowest tribunal, correspond- ing to a church-session; and in others, is composed of ministers and elders, corresponding to a presbytery. CONSOL'IDATE, v. t. [add.] In a general sense, to unite various particu- lars into one mass or body; as, to con- solidate the forces of an army ; to con- solidate various funds. CONSOLIDATING OF ACTIONS, n. In law, the joining of two or more actions together by a court or a judge. Tills is done when two or more actions are brought by the same plaintitt', at the same time, against the same de- fendant, for cause of action which might have been joined in the same action, the court or the judge deeming the proceedings to be oppressive. CONSOLIDATION, n. [add.] The uniting of several particulars into one body or whole ; as, a consolidation of the funds. CONSONANT'AL, a. Relating to, or partaking of the nature of a consonant. CON SORDINI. [It.] In music, a direction to perform a passage, if on the pianoforte, with the dampers down, and if on the violin, witli the mute on. It is usually abbreviated into C. S. CONSPEC-TABLE,«. Easytobeseen. CONSPEG'TUS, n. [L.] A view; an abstract, draught, or sketch. CONSPIR'ACY, n. [add.] An agree- ment between two or more persons to do an unlawful act, which is injurious to individuals or to the public. Every such agreement is a misdemeanor by the common-law of England. CON'STABLE, n. [add.] Constables, in the usual acceptation of the term at the present day, are of two kinds; viz., constables of hundreds, who are still a^Wed high constables; und constables of vills or tilhings, who are called either petty constables, or tilhing-men. High constables are now appointed either at quarter-sessions, or by the justices of tlie hundred out of sessions ; and petty constables are annually sworn into the office at quarter-sessions for each parish, upon presentment of the vestry. The duties of the high constable, respecting the preservation of the peace, are now merely nominal, but he is still of use to represent the hundred in certain legal actions, and to perform certain ministe- rial oflices connected with the adminis- tration of justice. A iietli/ constable has authority to arrest all persons who commit an aft'ray, assault, or breach of tlie peace in his presence, and keep them in safe custody until they can be brought before a magistrate; and he is also authorized to execute all such war- rants as are legal and committed to his hands by competent authorities. In London, the police force are appointed by direction of the secretary of state, and sworn in as constables by the com- missioners. Two or more justices of the peace, upon information that dis- turbances exist or are apprehended, are WJ authorized to appoint special consta- bles ; and in boroughs, the magistrates are authorized to swear in as many in- habitants as they tliink fit to act as special constables when called upon CON'STABLE, n. [add.] To outrun the constable, to escape from the subject in dispute, when one's arguments are ex- hausted. [Hudibras.] CONSTAB LERIE,t n. [Fr.] A ward or division of a castle, under the care of a constable. [Chaucer.] €ON'STANT,M. [add.] In phusics, fha.t which remains unchanged or invariable. Thus, a quantity, force, law, Sic, when it continues unchanged, is called a con- stant. CON'STANT- -WHITE, \n. A pig- PER'iMANENT- WHITE, )' ment pre- pared from the sulphate of barytes, use- ful in water-colour painting. It is very poisonous. CON'STAT, V. [add.] The office of clerk of the pipe, to which this term refers, is now abolished. [See under Pipe.] CONSTIT'UENT,a. [add.] Having the power of constituting or appointing. A question of right arises between tin-- con- stituent and rqiresaiialhe body. Jmihts. CONSTITU'TIONAL, n. At Cam- bridge universittj, the name given to a walk taken for health and exercise. CONSTITUTIONAL'ITY, n. [add] This term is used chiefly in the United States. CONSTITU'TIONALIZE, v. i. At Cambridge universitij, to lake a walk for health and exercise. The usual time for constitutionalizing is between two and four o'clock p.m. CONSTRAIN', v.t. [add.] To cheek; to repress; to control; as, I am con- strained by your presence. CONSTRICTIVE, a. Tending to con- tract or compress. CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTS, n. In law, implied trusts, including those which stand upon the presumed inten- tion of the parties, and those which are forced upon the conscience of the party by the mere operation of the law, as in cases of money paid by accident, mis- take, or fraud. It is a rule in equity, that all persons coming into possessicm of trust property, with notice of the trust, shall be considered as trustees by implication, and bound, with respect to tliat special property, to execute the trust. [See Trust.] CONSUBSTANTIALLY, adi: In a consubstantial manner. CONSUETU'DINAL, a. Same as CONSUETUDINARV. CONSUETUDINARY, a. instead of CONSUETUDINARY. CONSUETU'DINARY, n. A ritual of customary devotions. [Kare.] CONSUL, n. [add.] In France, during the first revolution, a chief magistrate, in imitation of the Romans. CONSUL'TARY, a. Relating to con- sultation Consultaru response, the opinion of a court of law on a special case. CONSUM'MAR, n. In the East Indies, a native head-servant. CONSUM'MATE, v.t. instead of CON'SUMMATE. CONSUMMATED, instead of CON'. SUMMATED. CONSUM'MATING, instead of CON'- SUM.MATING. CONSUMPT', n. Consumption; as, the produce of grain is scarcely equal to the consumpt. CONTINUAL PEOPORTIOXALS COXTRART TERMS CONVENTIONALLY €ONTA'GlONIST, n. One who be- lieves in the contaarious character of certain diseases, as the plague, &c. CONTAIN', V. t. [add.] To retain. [Skak.'\ CONTAIN', V. I. [add.] To repress curiosity ; to repress any desire in general. CONTAINER, n. He or that which contains. CONTEKE',t n. [Sax.] Contention. [Chaucer.^ CONTE.MERATE,t v. t, [L. con- iemero.] To violate ; to pollute. CONTEM'PLATE, v. t. instead of CONTEMPLATE. CONTEMPLATE, v. i. instead of CON'TE^rPLATE. CONTEMPLATED, instead of €ON'- TEMPLATED. CONTEMPLATING, instead of CON TEMPLATING. eONTEM PLATIVENESS, n. State of beins contemplative. CONTEilPORANE'lTY, n. Contem- porariness. CONTEMPORA'NEOUSNESS, n. The state or quality of being contem- poraneous. CONTEMPT', n. [add.] Contempt, in a court of law, is a disobedience of the rules, orders, or process of the court, or a disturbance or interruption of its proceedings. Contempts committed out of court are punishable by attach- ment, and contempts done before the court may be punished or repressed in a summary way, by commitment or by fine. The power of enforcing their process, and of vindicating their au- thority against open obstruction or defiance, is incident to all superior courts. CONTEMPTIBIL'ITY, n. Quality of being contemptible. [Rar. us.] CON'TENANCE.f n. [Fr.] Appear- ance; pretence. [Chattcer.] CONTEN EMENT, h. [add.] In law, that which is necessary for the support and maintenance of men, agreeable to their several qualities or states of life. CONTENT', «. [add.] A paper de- livered to the searcher by the master of a vessel, before she is cleared outwards, describing the vessel's destination, and detailing the goods shipped, with other particulars. This content has to be compared vdth the cookets and the indorsements and clearances thereon. CONTENT',n. instead of CONTENT. CONTENTS', ;i. plur. That which is contained ; the thing or things held, in- cluded, or comprehended within a limit, boundary, or line ; the heads of a book. — In geom., the area or quantity of matter or space included in certain lines. {See Content.] CONTERM INAL, a. Same as Con- terminous. CONTEST'LESS, instead of CON'- TESTLESS. CONTEX TUR.AX, a. Jlisplaced: see after Contexture. CONTINENTS, n. plur. Banks, as of rivers. [Skak.'] CONTIN GENT,a. [add.] In logic, a. term applied to the matter of a pro- position when the terms of it in part agree and in part disagree. CONTIN GENT. a. ladd.] Uncertain. CONTIN OENT REMAINDER, h. In law. {See Remaindek.] CONTINUAL PROPORTIONALS, n. Quantities in continued proportion. ]_See Continued.] CONTIN'UaTOR, instead of CON- TINUA'TOR. CONTINUE, v.t. [add.] To confine; to keep in custody; to secm-e. [Shak.] — To sufter, or cause to remain ; as, to continue judaes in their posts. CONTIN UED BASE, n. In mH«c, the figured base of a score used throughout. ; The term is only to be found in very j old music. , CONTIN'UER, n. [add.] One who car- ries forward anything that had been begun by another; as, the continuer of j a historv. \ CONTIN'UOUS, a. In bot., the reverse of articulated. A. stem is said to be continuous which has no joints. CONT'LINE, n. In ships, the space between the bilges of casks which are | stowed alongside of each other. C0NT0RNL\'TI, n. plur. [It. cantor- | m'.] In nHmi>maric5, a species of medals | or medallions in bronze, having a cm-ved furrow {contomo) on each side, supposed to have been struck in the days of Con- stantine the Great and his successors, and to have formed tickets of admission to the public games of the circus of Rome and of Constantinople. CONTOR'SION, n. See Contortion. CON TRABAND,t v. t. To prohibit: to import goods prohibited. CONTRACT, n. [add.] In /air, con- tracts are divided into three classes : — i. Contracts of record, such as judg- ments, recognizances, and statutes of staple ; 2. Specialities, which are under seal, such as deeds and bonds ; 3. Simple contracts, or contracts by parol. Both verbal and written contracts are in- cluded in the class of verbal con- tracts. CONTRACTILITY, n. [add.] In phl/siol.f the property by which the fibrous tissues return to their former dimensions after being temporarily ex- tended. The shortening of the mus- cular fibre, on the application of a stimulus, is more properly termed irri- iabilitti. CONTRACTION, n. [add.] In sur., an abnormal and permanent alteration in the relative position and forms of parts, arising from various causes, as in anchylosis, distortion, club-foot, \\Ty- i neck, tSJc. — In pinjsics, a decrease of j volume, bulk, or dimensions, the usual i etfect of a diminution of heat. All , bodies expand by the application of | heat, and contract their dimensions when heat is withdi-awn. '• CONTRACTIVE, a. Tending to con- tract. CON TRA-DANCE, n. [add.] [See . Countrt-Dance.] CONTRADICTORY PROPOSI- 1 TIONS, n. In logic, propositions which, having the same terms, ditfer in quan- tity and qualitv. [See Contrary.] CONTRAIRE ,t v. t. [Fr. contrairer.] To cross; to thwart; to resist; to withstand. [57>e/iser.] CONTRAJER'VA, n. See Contra- terva. CONTRA'RIE,t 1-. t. [Fr.] To contra- dict. [Chaucer.] CON'TRA-ROTA'TION, n. Circular motion in a direction contrary to some other circular motion. CON'TR ARY, f n. An adversar)'. [Chaucer.] CON TRARY TERMS, n. In logic, those terms which, coming imder some one class, are the most different of all that belong to that class ; as, wise and foolish. no CONTRAST', r. i. To stand in contrast or opposition to. The joints wl.icli divide the snndsiODe ing. A mode of com- munication of heat through fiuid bodies. M'hen a portion of water or of air is heated above or cooled below the sur- rounding portions, it expands or con- tracts in magnitude, and thus becoming specifically lighter or heavier, rises or sinks accordingly, carrying with it the newly acquired temperature, whatever that temperature may be. CONVEN'ER, n. [add.] The chairman of an organized body, as of a committee ; it being his province to convene or call the members together. CONVENT ,t r. i. [add.] To serve ; to agree ; to be convenient. [Shah.] C b N V E N T'E D, pp. Summoned. [Shah.] CONVEN'TION, n. [add.] Military convention, a treaty made between the commanders of two opposing armies concerning the terms on which a tem- porary cessation of hostilities shall take place between them.— Conren/io/i trea- ties, treaties entered into between dif- ferent states, under which they each bind themselves to observe certain stipulations contained in the treaty. CONVEN'TIONAL, a. [add.] .^rising out of custom or tacit agreement; as, a conventional use of language.— Con- verttional estates, those freeholds not of inheritance or estates for life, which are created by the express acts of the parties, in contradistinction to those which are legal, and arise from the operation and construction of law. CONVEN'TIONALISM, n. That which is received or established by con- vention or agreement ; a conventional phrase, form, or ceremony. CONVEN'TIONALIST, n. One who adheres to a convention or treaty. CONVENTIONAL'ITY, n. A conven- tional mode of living and acting ; a conventional term, principle, or custom. C0NVEN'T10NALLY,a(/r. In a con- ventional manner; by tacit agree- ment. CONVOLUTE CO-ORDINATES COPPER-PLATE €0NVER(VEXCE,) n. [add.] In CONVEUG'ENCYJ 7nath., the gra- dual diminution oi tlie terms of an indefinitely continued series. [See Converging.] €ONVERCi'EXT, a. [add.] Convergent series. [See Convergent.] CONVERO'ING, jypr. or a. [add.] When a series of numbers, proceedin,t^ without end, has terms which gradually diminish in such a manner that no number whatsoever of them added to- gether will be as great as a certain giveu number, the series is said to be converging or convergent. But when such a number can be added together as will exceed any given number, how- ever great, the series is said to be di- vernent. CONVERS'ANCE. €OX'VERSANCE. t:ONVERS'ANCY CON'VERSANCY, [Rar. ws.] CON'VERSANT. or CONVERS'- ANT, a. CON'VERSANT,t n. One who con- verses with another, CON'VEUSANTLY, adv. In a con- versant or familiar manner. CONVERSA'TIONALIST, n. One who excels in conversation. CONVERSAZIO'NE, n. [add.] A meeting for conversation, particularly on literary subjects. CONVERS'ELY, instead of CON- VERSELY, adv. [add.] In maih., by conversion. [See Conversion.] CONVEUS'IUN,«. [add.] CoHct-mowo/ proportiojis, in math., is, when of four proportionals it is inferred that the first is to its excess above tlie second, as the tliird to its excess above the fourth, and the four terms, when thus arranged, are said to be proportionals by conversion. CONVER'SIVE, a. Conversable; so- ciable ; that may be converted or changed. CON'VEXED, or CONVEX'ED, a. CON'VEXLY, or CONVEX'LY, adv. CONVEY', V. i. To play the thief. [Shah.] CONVEY' ANCE,n. [add.] In law, ^ deed or instrument in writing which passes real or personal property. Con- veyances operate according to the rules of the common-law, or under the statute of uses, and in the case of lease and release they operate in both modes. This latter is the most usual modern mode of conveying land and heredita- ments. Conveyances simply transfer- ring personal property are csMq^ assign- ments. CONVEY'ERS, w. Fraudulent appro- priators of property ; jugglers. [Shah- spear e.] CONVICTED, pp. [add.] Over- powered. \ Skak.] CONVICTION, n. [add.] Strong be- lief, on the ground of satisfactory evi- dence, w^itliijut any implication of pre- vious error; as, a coHciV/ion that there is nothing honourable which is not accompanied with innocence. CONVINCE', i; t. [add.] To refute; as, to convince atheism. [Bacon.] CONVlV'IALIST,n. A person of con- vivial habits. CONVOCA'TIONAL, a. Relating to a convocation CON'VOLUTE, \ a. [add.] Convo- CON'VOLUTED,} hted hones, the upper and lower turbinated bones of tlie nose. CONVOLU'TION, n. [add.] In anaf., a term applied to the windings and turnings of the cerebrum, and to the foldings of the small intestines. CONVOLVE', u.^ [add.] To unite in circular motion. eONVOLVULA'CEOUS, a. Relating to the convolvulus. CONVUL'SIONAL, a. Having convul- sions ; relating to convulsions. [Rare.'] CONY'ZA, 71. [add.] This genus belongs to that group of Compositie called Corymbifera;. It was formerly very extensive as well as heterogeneous, com- prehending many herbs and shrubs found in all the quarters of the globe. It is now better understood, and is limited to seventy or eigiity plants of no consequence. The C. squarrosa, tiea-bane or ploughman's-spikenard, is now known by the name of Inula coni/za ; it is a common plant on cal- careous soils in Great Britain ; it yields a volatile oil with a peculiar scent, and is used for the purpose of driving away fleas and gnats. C anihelniintica, now called Venionia anthelnuntica, is an East Indian species, the fruit of which is used by the doctors of India as a power- ful remedy for worms. C. genistel- foides, now placed in tlie genus Bac- charis, contains a bitter extractive matter and an aromatic oil, and is em- ployed in the Brazils in intermittent fevers. COO'IE, n. The cry or call of the Aus- tralian aborigines. COO'IE, I', t. To cry or call like the aborigines of Australia. COOK'UOUSE, n. Also called the galley. An erection on a ship's deck for containing the caboose or cooking- apparatus. COOK'lE, n. A kind of small sweet- bread for eating at tea. [Scotch.'^ COOL, a. [add.] Impudent in a very high degree; as, when speaking of some pretension, trick, &c., we say, " Tliat is cool.'" [Familiar.] COOL'IE, n. In the East Indies; a por- ter or carrier. COOL-TANK' ARD, n. An old English beverage of various composition, but usually made of ale, with a little wine, or wine and water, with an addition of lemon -juice, spices, and borage, or other savoury herbs. COOL'-WORT, n. In America, the popular name of a plant, the Tiarella cordifolia, the properties of which are diuretic and tonic. It is prepared by the Shakers. COOMB, \n. A valley on the decli- COOiMBE, f vityof ahill, in theshape of an amphitheatre. [See Comb.] COOP'EK, V. t. To do the work of a cooper; to make barrels, hogsheads, casks, &c.; to mend, or put in order, as a cooper does casks. COOP ERAOE, n. [add.] The work or business of a cooper. CO-OP'ERANT,«. Operating together. COOP'EKING, i^ir. Malting casks, or putting them in oi'der. CO-OR'DIN.VTE, v. i. To make co- ordinate. CO-OK'DINATES, n. phtr. [add.] In geum., a term applied to a system of lines, to which points imder considera- tion are referred, and by means of which their position is determined. Co-ordinates either determine the po- sition of a point in space or in a plane which is understood to contain all the figure under consideration, as in the fu'st six books of Euclid. They deter- m mine position by straight lines only, or by a straight line and angles; in the latter case they are called jiolar co- ordinates. When co-ordinates are at right angles to each other, they are called rectangular co-ordinates, and when they make any other angle with each other, they are called obliqjte co- ordinates. In plane geoni., one of the co-ordinates is called the abscissa, and the other the ordinate. The co-ordi- nates of a star are its distances from the pole of the heavens and from the meridian of the place of observation, measured in degrees of the respective circles. In the fig., C D and B A are co-ordinates, the first being an abscissa, to which, through the puint D, is drawn the ordinate B A. In co-ordinates, the abscissa and ordi- nates may be drawn making any angle with each other. COOST, pfi. Cast. [Scotch.] COOT, n. [add.] The common coot is the Fnlica atra ; Wilson's coot is the F. Wilsoni, which inhabits various parts of North America; the crested coot is the F. cristata, which inhabits Madagascar. The coots belong to the order Graliatores, and family RalHdae. COP, n. [add.] The conical ball of thread formed on the spindle of a wheel or spinning-frame. CO'PAL, n. [add.] Tliis substance is often improperly called guni-copal. — Me.vican copal is supposed to be the produce of a plant allied to the Hy- mencca courbaril. [S'.'e Courbaril.] — Indian copal is produced by Valeria indica ; it is known in England by the name of gum-animi. — Brazilian copal Hows from several species of Hymen^a, and from Trachylobium martianum, both of the nat. order Leguminosje. COPAL'CHE-BARIv, n. The bark so called is obtained from two widely dif- ferent plants ; the one is the copalche- bush, which is Croton pseudo-china, of the nat. order of Euphorbiaceje; the other is the copalche-plant, Strychnus pscudo-quina, of the nat. order of Lo- gan iacere. COP ATAIN-HAT,n. A high-crowned hat. [Shah.] COP V'TRIOT, instead of CO- PAT'RIOT. COPE, V. t [add.] To encounter; as, I love to cope him in these sullen fits. \Shah.\ COPE.fn. [Fr. cape.] A cloak. [Chau- cer.] COPECK, n. A Russian coin. [S^e Kopeck.] CO'PIE,t n. [L. copia.] Copiousness. CO'PING,^^. [add.] In ship-buHding,the turning the ends of iron lodging-knees, so as to hook into the beams, and thus ease the strain oft* the necks of the bolts wlien the vessel rolls. COPPE,t 71. [Sax-] The top of any- thing. [Chaucer] COPPER -COLOURED, a. Of the colour of copper. COP'PER-NICKEL, n See Kupfer- NICIvEL. COP'PER-PLATE, n. [add.] A print or impression on paper, &c., from a copper-plate. COP'PER-PLATE, a. Relating to en- graving on copper, or printing from a copper-plate. CORALLID^E COKIU51 CORNET-A-PISTONS tOP'PEKS, ln./)/«r.Thecast- SHIP'S eOP'PEKS, / iron apparatus used on board ship for cookins, and erected in the cookho ise or cailey €OPPEK-SPOT, 71. A species of pre- daceous beetle, the elytra of which are black, and marked with rows of hollow copper-coloured dots (Calosoma cali- dum). In Canada it is common in meadows and ploughed fields. €OP'PLE-DUST, n. [add.] The same fxs C irPEi.-D U'^T COP'lUD-E, 11.' [Gr. «.T-..-, dung.] A family of coleopterous insects, wliich are found in dung, and so called from the typical genus Copris. The males have projections on the head and tho- rax. Some of the African and Indian species are of large size. eOPKOPH'AGi, ) n. [Gr. ,.=r=..-. COPKOril'AGANS,) dung, ai'id fxyu, to eat.] A section of lanielli- corn beetles, which live in and upon the dung of animals. It contains the searabajus of the ancients, and the " shard-borne beetles'' of this country. eOPKOPH'AGOlS, a. Feeding upon dung or filth ; a term particularly ap- plied to certiiin insects. COPSE, V. t. [add.] To plant under- wood. eOPSE-WOOD, n. A growth of shrubs and bushes. COP'TIS, 71 A genus of plants, nat. order Kanunculaceje. C. trifuliaj gold-thread, found in Canada and the northern parts of the United States of America, is a small plant with white tlowers, and a yellow fibrous rhizoma, wiiich runs in all directions. A decoc- tion of the leaves and stalks is used by the Indians for giving a yellow colour to cloth and skins. The rhizouiata, w hich are bitter, when administered in medi- cine, act in the same way as quassia, gentian, and other bitlei-s. COP Y, n. [add.] A theme. [Shah] COPY-HOLD, 71. [add.] Co,nj-hotds now descend to the heir-at-law, accord- ing to the rules that regulate the de- scent of all other kinds of land. COPYING-MACHINES, 7i. JIachines for copying any piece of writing with perfect accuracy, or for producing du- plicates of letters, invoices, and other manuscripts; such as Watt's and Kit- chic's copying - presses, Wedgwood's manifold writer, &ic. COQUET TISULY, ode. In a coquet- tish manner. COQL'IL LA-NUT, n. The fruit of the palm, Allalta fimifvra, one of the cocoa-nut group, which grows abun- dantly in South America. The nuts are extensively used in turnery, and especially for making umbrella-handles. {See PiiCiBA.] COR, 7!. [Lat., genit. cordis.'] In anat., the heart ; the central organ of circula- tion. COKACIAS, n. A genus of birds, al- lied to the crows, containing the rol- lers, one species of which (C. ijamda) is a rare visitant of the British Is- lands. COK'ACOID, 7i. [add.] This name is now extended to a large Battened bone, passing from the shoiUder-joint to the sternum, in birds, reptiles, and monotroiiies. COR A(iE,f 7!. Coiu^ge; heart; mind. \Speitser.] COK'ALLED, a. Furnished with coral. \ Poetical.] COKAL'LID.E, 7!. A family of com- pound polyps, yieldinj, the substance called coraly and constituting the third order of the class PolvpL COK'.4LLINE DEPOSITS,77.In5fo^, a term applied to those recent or allu- vial strata which consist of the marine banks, shoals, and islands, entirely com- posed of coral. COK.A.LLOKHIZA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Orchidace:B. C. m- natOy coral - root, is a British plant, having thick fleshy roots, with much branched tibres. The flow ers are seated on a spike, and are of a yellowish colour. It is found in mountainous woods, but is a rare plant. COR'AL-KOOT, n. [add.] [5<;e Co- EALLOEHIZA in this Siipp] CORAM NO BIS. [L.J Before us; a law-term. CORANT'0, 71. See Cocr-ixt, Cou- KAXTO. CORBAN, n. [add.] In Jeicish anti- quity, an offering, sacrifice, or oblation of any kind presented before God. CORBES,t n. pltir. Corbels. Orna- ments in building. [A>)e7we7-.] COK-CAR'OLl, 71. A star of the third magnitude in Canes Venatici, situated on the neck of the Low er Dog. I CORD'ED, pp. or a. [add.] Striped or i fiuTOwed, as bv cords, C O R D ' £ TH,t tor Accobdetu. [Chaucer.] COED -GRASS, n. A genus of plants, Spai'tina, — which see. COR'DIAL, 71. [add] Aromatized and sweetened spirit, employed as a beve- rage. eORDILERES.t "• plur. Cordeliers. [Chaueer.] . CORDIL'LERA,n.[Sp.].4namesome- I times given to the mountain-range of j the Andes in South America, but pro- ' perly applicable only to the innermost and highest ridge of the mass. j CORD ON, n. [add.] Cordon-sanitaire, a line of troops or military posts on the borders of a district of country infected with disease, to cut off communication, and thus prevent the disease from [ spreading. — A baldiick or sack worn across the breast, in the orders of knights, is also called a cordon. CORpUROY',H [add.] Corduroy-road, in \orth America, a road constructed with logs laid together over swamps or marshy places, for carriages to pass over. They derive their name from their ribbed appearance, resembling cordurov. COKD'"\VAYNE,t "■ Cordwain,— which see. [Spenser.] I COR DY, 71. In the hat-trade, a kind of : man's hat, the body of which is of felt, having a fine covering of camel's or goat's hair. Cordies have nearly been i superseded by inferior plated hats. | COKE, 71. i^add.J lii arch., the interior i part of anything; as, the core of a I column or wall. COKEG'ONUS, 71. A genus offish, se- parated from the salmons. It contains at least one British species, the gwi- niad or vendace. COREL ATIVE. See Cokrelative. C^OR-UY DK^E, 71. [L.] A star of the first magnitude in the southern con- stellation Hvdra. COKIAN DKUil, 71. A genus of an- nual plants, nat. order Umbelliferas. C. sativum, the officinal coriander, is a native of Emope, which is cultivated on account of its seeds. [See CoEi- AXDER.] COR lUJI, 71. [Lat.] Leathern body- armour, formed of overlapping leaves 112 or sc.nles, worn by the Roman soldiers and other nations of antiquity. In this country it continued in use till the reign of Edward I., the scales being sometimes tinted of different colours. CORK, 71. In the United Stales, a term applied to express what in this country is called ^o.t(-«aife, or nails driven into the shoes of horses to prevent them from falling upon the ice. €'OUIv'LING, ( n. Acanthopterygious CORK' WING,) fish, species of the genus Crenilabrus, ai-e so called in Cornwall. CORK-TREE, 7i. The Quercus suber, from the outer bark of wliich, called cpiphlopum, corks are made. [See Cork.] CORKY, a. [add] Dry; mthered ; husky. [Shah.] COR-LEO'NIS, 71. [L.] The Lion's- heart; another name for Kegulus, a star of the first magnitude in the con- stellation Leo. COR MOR.\NT, 71. [add.] The common cormorant is the Phatacrocorax carbo of Temminck, and the Pelecanus carbo of Linn. A species of cormorant is trained and used by the Chinese to aid them in fishing. CORN, f. (. [add.] To feed a horse with oats. CORNA CEOUS, a. Relating to the cornus or cornel-slirub. CORN -BIN, 71. .\ bin or box for hold- ing corn. CORN'-COCKLE, ti. A British plant of the genus Agrostemma, the A. githago. [See Agrostemma.] CORN' CROW-FOOT, 71. A plant of the genus Ranunculus, the lianmwulus arvensis. CORNED, pp. or a. [add.] Cured by salting moderately; as, corned beef; fed with oats, as a horse. Drunk. [Low.] CORNED-BEEF 11. Beef moderately salted. CORNE LIAN-CHERRIES, n. The fruit of the Cornus mas, or mascula, wliich is eatable. CORNER,!!. /. In the United States, to corner a ):erson, is to get the advan- tage of him in an argument, as though he were physically iilaced in a corner from which he could not escape. — To Jloor a person, is used colloquially with us to signify the same thing. CORN ER-CAP,t 71. The chief embel- lishment or ornament. CORN ER -TOOTH, 71. One of the four teeth of a horse, between the mid- dle teeth and the tusks, two above and two below. CORNET, 71. [add.] A standard or flag. [Obsolete.] CORN ET-A-PISTONS, 71. [Fr.] A brass wind musical instrument, like the French-horn, but capable of much greater inflexion, from the valves and COROCORE CORONE CORPUSCULA stoppers (instons) with wbich it is fur- nished, whence the name. €ORNET"n, n. [It.] A method of riding, or a motion of a horse. CORN'EULE, n. [Diminutive of L. cor- nea.] In entom.y a term applied to the minute transparent segments which defend the compound eyes of insects. €ORN'INE, n. A new principle dis- covered in the bark of Cornus Jiorida, having properties resembling those of quinine. €0RN'ISH-EN6INE, ». A single- acting,steam -engine used for pumping water. The pump-rods appended to one end of the beam ;ire loaded so as by their gravity to have sufficient force to raise the water, and t!ie down-stroke of the steam-piston at the other end of the beam is used to raise them. The steam is generally employed at a con- siderable pressure, and worked very expansively. €ORN'ISH MONEY- WORT, n. A plant of the genus Limosella, the Z. aquatica ; called also mudwort. eORN'-LAWS, 71. [add.] The cot-n- laws of this country were repealed in 1846, and foreign grain is now admitted duty-free. CORN'-MINT, 11. A plant of the genus Mentha, the M. arvejisis. CORN'MUSE,t n. [Fr.] A bagpipe. [Chattcer.] CORNO'PEAN, n. A kind of horn ; a musical instrument of modern inven- tion. €ORN'-POPPY, n. Red poppy (Pala- ver rAceas), a troublesome weed in corn- fields. €ORN'-RENT, n. [add.] A money- rent varying in amount according to the fluctuations of the price of corn. In many parts of the south of Scotland, corn-rents are paid according to the fiar prices of corn. CORN'-SALAD, n. The common name of several species of British plants of the genus Fedia. \See Fedia.] CORN'U, n. plur. Cornua. [L.] A horn; a term applied to warts, from their horny hardness; and in cmat., to pai'ts resembling a horn in form. €ORN'U-AMMO'NIS, n. [add.] In anat., a designation of the pes-hippu- campi of the brain, from its being bent like a ram's horn, the famous crest of Jupiter Ammon. CORNU'BIANITE, n. A slaty rock, abundant in the western part of Corn- wall, in contact with granite. It is of a dark blue or purple colour, hard and laminated. CORN'US, n. Instead of nat. order Caprifqlise, read nat. order CornaceEe. €ORNUTE',a. Horned; having horns. €ORN'-VAN, n. A machine for win- nowing corn. €ORN'-WEEVIL, n. The Calandra granaria, also called Sitophilus gra- variuSj an insect very injurious to grain. [See AVeevil.J €OR'0€ORE,n. A boat of the Indian Archipelago, of various form. That used in Celebes, and employed fre- quently for piratical purposes, is pro- pelled by oars, and has a curious appa- ratus raised above and projecting beyond the gunwale, and projecting also beyond the stern, on which a second row of rowers is placed, in ef- fect rendering the vessel similar in some respects to the ancient hireme. It is often manned with sixty men. Others, as those used in the Mollucas, are masted vessels, broad, with narrow l.~Supp. extremities, fifty to sixty-five feet long, and covered throughout about four- j so named from itssupposed resemblance to a crow's bill. Corocofo of Celebes. fifths of their length with a sort of matting-roof. COR'OLLARY, 7t. [add.] Any neces- sary consequence of a proposition ; something added to what was pro- mised or agreed for, or to what might be expected, or to what regularly re- sulted. €OR'OLLATE, \a. Like a corolla; €OR'OLLATED,> having corollas. COROLLIFLO'R^, instead of €0- ROL'LIFLOR^. COROMAN DEL-WOOD, n. Abeau- tiful brown wood from the coast of Coromandel. CORONA, n. [add.] A crown or cir- clet suspended from the roof or vault- ing of churches, to hold tapers lighted on solemn occasions. Sometimes they are formed of double or triple circlets, an'anged pyramidically. — In iinaf.f a term used to designate certain parts supposed to resemble a crown. — Corona ciliaris, the ciliary ligament. — Corona glandisj the margin of the glans penis. COR'ONACH,) n. [Gael.] A dirge; a €OR'ANICII, j lamentation for the dead. COR'ONAL, or €ORO'NAL, a. €ORONAL, or CORONAL, n. CORONA'MEN, n. In zool, the su- perior margin of a hoof, called, in vete- rinaru sur., the coronet. CORONATED, a. In conchol.y a term applied to spiral shells which have their whorls more or less surmounted by a row of spines or tubercles, as in seve- ral volutes, cones, mitres, &c. CORO'NE, n. [Gr. ^e^a-v^, acrow.] The acute process of the lower jaw-bone; 113 €OR'ONEL. V. [Sp.] The upper part of a jousting-lance, constructed to un- horse but not to wound a knight. [See cut in Diet. Tournament.] COR'ONER, n. [add.] Most commonly there are three or four coroners in each county in England, but the number varies, and in some there are six or seven coroners. The council of every borough, to which a separate court of quarter-sessions has been granted, is empowered to appoint a coroner for the borough. By the Act 7 and 8 Vict., c. 92, coroners may be appointed for districts within counties, instead of the counties at large. COR'ONER'S-COURT, n. A tribunal of record, where the coroner holds his inquiries. CORONIL'LA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Leguminosa?. C. emerus, scorpion-senna, is a common plant all over the south of Europe. It has bright yellow flowers, and its leaves act as a cathartic, like those of senna. The leaves of another species {C. varia) have a diuretic action on the system, and also purge. The species of this genus are numerous, and all adapted for ornamental cultivation. COKON'OPUS, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Crucifer^e. It being un- certain that these were the plants so called by the ancients, the name Sene- biera is now generally preferred. Two species inhabit Britain, and are known by the common name of wart-cress. -GOROUNE',t n. (koroun'.) [Fr.] A crown or garland. [Chaucer.] COR'PORA, n. [Lat.] plu7\ of Corpus. [See Corpus.] COR'PORALSIilP, n. [add.] A cor- poral's ortice or command. CORPORA'TION,??. [add.] Corpora- tions nre distinguished into aggregate and sole [see Diet.], corporations ec- chsiasiical and iay, civil and eleemo^ synary, regular and secular. Again, they are divisible into corporations of a public character, established for the purpose of general or local govern^ ment, and those whicli have been created to facilitate the object of pri- vate associations. The corporations established for local administration of towns are now generally called muni- cipal corporations. [See Munici- pal.] CORPORIFICA'TION, n. The act of giving body or palpability. CORPUS'CULA, n. [plur. of L cor- 7i CORVETTE COSSIC COTTID.^ pusculum.] Corpuscles, or small par- ticles or atoms. CORPUS €ULAR, a. [add.] Corpus-^ c^tiar theory, a theory for explaining; the nature of lii^ht. According to this theory, the sun and all oilier luminous bodies have the property of emitting exceedingly minute particles of their substance, '.vith prodigious Telocity, and these particles entering the eye produce the sensation of vision. It has also been termed the emission theory. \^See Light, and Undulatory.J €ORPUS€ULAR'lTY, n. State of be- ing corpuscuhir. €ORPUS€ULE, n. See CoEPDSCLE. eOKRADIATE, r. /. To concentrate to one point, as light or rays. €ORRAL', H. [Sp.] A yard; inclosed ground adjoining a house. In the pam- pas of South America, and elsewhere, horses are kept in the corral. CORREG'TING-PLATE, n. See Mag- netic COMPEXSATOK. CORREC TORY, c. Containing or making correction. CORRESPONDENCE, n. [add.] In the fine a)is, the adaptation of the parts of a design to one another. CORRESPOND ENT, a. [add.] Obe- dient ; conformable in behaviour ; as, to he correspoiulettt to Qon\m3.nd.[Sh a k.] CORRESPONDINGLY, adv. In a corresponding manner. COR'RIGE,! V. t. [Fr.] To correct. [Chaucer.] CORRIC"; lOLA, H. A genus of plants, nat. order lllecebrace.T. There is only one British species, C. UttoraUs, known by the name of strap-wort. [See Strap- Wort.] CORROBORATORY,^/. Tending to strengthen ; corroborative. COR ROBORY, n. A kind of Austra- lian dance of friendship. €ORRUMP'ABLE,ta. [Fr.] Corrupt- ible. [Chaucer.] CORRUMPE^t r. t. To corrupt. [Chauce^.^ COKRUP TIONIST, «. A defender of corruption. COR'SaIR. n. [add.] A piratical vessel. €0R-SC0RP10 NIS, «. [L. the heart of the scorpion.] Another name for Antares, a star of the first magnitude in the zodiacal constellation Scorpio. CORSE-t V. i. (cors.) To cmse [Chau- cer.'] €ORSEINT',t l«- [Fr.] A holy body; CORSAYNT',t ( a saint. [Chaucer.] CORS'ICAN MOSS,». The Gioartina hehnintho-coiion, a crjptogamic plant, of the order Alga*, used in Corsica as a remedy for intestinal worms. COR'SIVE,t a. For Corrosive, for- merly accented corrosive. [Spenser.] COR'TICAL, a. [add.] Cortical sub- stance, the exterior part of the brain and of the kidney, so named from its bark-like appearance. The same name is given to the bony-like substance which covers the fang of a tooth. COR'TICINE, H. An alkaloid found in the bark of the Poj^ulus tremens. COK'USCATE,orCORUS'CATE,r.i. CORUSCA'TION, n. [add.] Figura- tivelt/y intellectual brilliancy ; as, the corru.'iculions of genius. CORVEE', n. [Fr.] In feudal law, an obligation on the inhabitants of a dis- trict, to perform certain services, as the repair of roads, &c., for the sovereign or the feudal lord. CORV'EN,t pp. [From carve] Cut; carved. [Chaucer. \ CORVETTE', n. [add.] A corvette ranks next below a frigate ; it is frigate- rigged, with three masts, and built for fast sailing. CORYDALIS, n. A genus of plants, nat. order FumariaceiC. The species are mostly small glaucous herbs, with ternate or pinnated leaves, and fusiform tuberous or fibrous roots. Upwards of forty species have been described, seve- ral of which are found in Britain, and known by the common name of fumi- tory. They were formerly referred to the genus Fumaria (Linn.), but ditfer by baring a pod nith several seeds. IMany of the species are well adapted for flower-borders and rock-work. Of late this genus has been also divided into several. — Also, the name of a genus of neuropterous insects, found in North America, the males of which have large jaws hke horns. CORYM BIATE, a. Same as Corym- BIATED. CORYM BOSE, a. Relating to, or like a corymb. CORYM BUS, n. [L.] A corymb,— tchich see. CORYPH^'NA, n. [add.] The dolphin of the ancients is the C. hippui-is. All the species are very rapid in theii" mo- tions, and very voracious. They are of brilliant colours, and are objects of ad- miration to everv voyager. CORYZ'A, n. [Gr. xcf-.^^.] Inflamma- tion of tlie mucous membrane of the nostrils, eyes, &c., usually arising fi'om cold. COSOINODIS'CUS, n. In hot., a genus of Diatomace^e, resembling minute cir- cular shells ; they are good microscopic objects. €OS'ENAGE, n. See Cosinage. CO'SEY, a. Snug; comfortable; warm; easy; social; talkative; chatty. [See Cosy.] COSHERING. See Cociiering. CO'SILY, adv. In a cosey manner; snugly; comfortably. COS'IN.f n. or a. A cousin or kinsman ; allied; related. [Chaucer.] COSMOG'ONAL, a. Relating to cos- mogonv. COSMOPOLITANISM, n. Cosmo- politism. COSMORAMTC,a. Relating to a cos- morama. COS'MOS, n. [Gr. *•*,««.] This word originally signified uinanient (as an adornment for a man, a woman, a horse); in njtigurative sense, it implied the order or adornment of a discourse. It after- wards came to signify the universe and the order which pervades it; the as- semblage of all things in heaven and earth ; the universality of created things constituting the perceptible world. In this latter signification, Himiboldt has adopted the word as the title of his re- cent work on ''The Physical Descrip- tion of the Universe." COS'MOSPHERE, n. [Gr. M«ra»f, world, and T'TAGE, H. [add.] This terra is now also applied to small country-residences and detached suburban houses, adapted to a moderate scale of living, yet witli all due attention to neatness, comfort, and refinement. To the particular style in which these cottages aie built, the name coti age-architecture has been given. COTTAGE-ALLOTMENTS, n. Por- tions of ground which are allotted to the dwellings of country-labourers, for the purpose of being cultivated by them as gardens. Sometimes these allot- ments are attached to the dwellings, and at other times they are apart from them. [See Allotment System, under Allotment in this Supp.] COT TID.E, n. A family of acanthop- terygious fishes, including the bull- heads or miller's-tlnunbs. The name COUNSEL COUNTERPOISE COUPLE is derived from the typical genus Cottus. COT'TLES, n. Parts of moulds used by pewterers in the formation of their wares. €OT'TON, I'. (. [add.] Tii cotton to one, is a cant phrase in the United States, signifying to talte a liking to one, to fancy him ; literally, to stick to him, as cotton does to clothes. COT TON MANUFACTOKT, n. A cotton-mill. COTTONOCRACY, n. In the United States, a cant term applied to the Bos- ton cotton-manufacturers. COT'TONOUS, a. Same ns Cottont. eOT'TON-PRESS, n. A machine for pressing cotton into bales. Bramah's press is generally used for this purpose. eOT'TON-WOOD, n. A tree of the poplar kind, the Popnhts canadensis. tOT'TON-WOOL, n. A name some- times given to cotton in its raw state. COTUR'NIX, n. In Cuvier's arrange- ment, the generic name of the quails, separated from the partridges on ac- count of their smaller size, and the males wanting spurs. \_Sce Quail.] eOTYL'IFORM, instead of COTYLI'- FORM. eOT'YLOlD, a. In anat., a term ap- plied to the acetabulum, or the cavity of the hip, which rcL'eives the head of the thigh-bone. COUCH, 11. (. [add.] To cause to couch. [Shah.] COUCH'ANCY, n. Act of repose by lying down. COUCHEE, «. (co'she.) [Fr.] Bedtime, or visits received about bedtime; op- posed to /ciiM. COUCH'ING, n. [add.] The spreading of malt to dry. COUGH'ING,' n. A violent effort, with noise, to expel the air from the lungs. COUG'NAR, n. A three-masted Malay- boat, rigged with square sails. It is CouKDur. broad, sits low in the water, is decked or not, according to fancy, sails well, and carries a large cargo. COU'LEUR-DE-ROSE, n. (koo'laur- de-roze.) [Fr.] Literally, of a rose- coloiu'; hence, under an aspect of beauty and attractiveness; as, to see everything coideur-de-rose. COULPE,t n. [Fr.] A fault. [Chaucer.] €OUL'TER-NEB, n. A common sea- bird, the Frutercula arctica, so called from its beak being compressed to- wards the point. COUN'CIL-CHAMBEK, n. An apart- ment occupied by a council, or appro- priated to deliberations on government. €OUN'CIL-MAN, n. A member of a city common-council. eOUN'SEL, n. [add.] In England, the duty of counsel is to give advice in questions of law, and to manage causes for clients. They are styled common- law, equity, or chamber counsel, ac- cording to the nature of the business COUN'SELLOR, v. [add.] In England, a counsellor is a baiTister, or one who has kept twelve 'terms at one of the four inns of court, and has been called to the bar. — Privfj-councillor, mis- placed : tlie term should have been placed under Councillor. COUNT, V. i. [add.] To swell the num- ber ; as, each additional one counts. COUN'TENANCE, n. [add.] Be- haviour ; bearing ; false appearance. [Shak.] €OUN'TER-ESTEN'SION, 7^ In surg., a means of reducing a fracture by making extension in the opposite dii'ection. [See Extens[on in this Supp.] COUN'TEUFEIT, n. [add.] Likeness or copy; portrait. [Shak.] €OUNTEKFE'SAUNCE,f w. [Fr.] A counterfeiting; dissimulation. [Spenser.] COUN^TER-IR'RITANT, n. A sub- stance employed to produce an artifi- cial or secondary disease, in order to relieve another or primary one. €OUN'TER-IR'RlTATE,r,^ In mcd., to produce an artificial or secondary disease, in order to relieve another or primary one. COUN'TER-IRRITA'TION, v. In med., the production of an artificial or secondary disease, in order to relieve another or primary one. The practice is also called derivation and revidsion. eOUNTERMAND'ABLE, a. That may be countermanded. COUN'TER-OP'ENING, 71. In surg., an opening made in a second part of an abscess opposite to a first. COUN'TERPElSE,t n. [Fr.] Coun- terpoise. [Cltaucer.] COUNTERPLETEM v.t. [Fr.l To plead against. [Chaucer.] €OUN'TERPOINT,n. [add.] In music, this term, which signifies literally point against point, originated in the circumstance of the notes being formerly placed one against or over the other, in com- positions of two or more parts, the notes - .^ being mere points or dots without stems. Counterpoint is now JT'^. .. synonymous vrith har- mony, and nearly so with composition ; but the latter implies more of invention and of imagination, particularly as relates to melody, than counterpoint does. Counterpoint is divided into simple, florid or figuratc, and double. Simple counterpoint is a composition in two or more parts, the notes of each part being equal in value to those of the corresponding part or parts, and con- cords. In florid counterpoint, two or more notes are written against each note of the subject, or canto-fermo, and discords are admissil)le. — Double coun- terpoint is an inversion of the parts, so that the base may become the subject, and the subject the base, »Sic., thus pro- ducing new melodies and new har- monies. COUN'TERPOISE, «. [add.] Gene- 116 rally, a mass of brass or other metal, so disposed as to keep a part of some instrument or machine in equilibrio. COUN'TER-POl'SON, n. An antidote to poison. COUN'TER-PON DERATE, v. t. To counterbalance ; to weigh against. COUNTER-PROOF, n. Inengraving, an impression yielded by a newly- printed proof of an engraved plate, by passing it again through the press with a fresh sheet of paper, on wiiich the ink is tlirown off. Such proofs were for- merly used as a means of comparing the plate with the impression without the aid of a reversing mirror. COUN'TER-ROUND, n. A body of officers going to visit and inspect the rounds or sentinels. eOUN'TERSiGN, n. [add.] The sig- nature of a secretary or other subor- dinate officer to a writing signed by the principal or superior, to attest its au- thenticity. COUN'TERSTEP, n. An oppo-^ite step or procedure. COUN'TERWAlT,t v. i To watch against. [Chaitcer.] COUNTER-WEIGHT, n. A weight in the opposite scale ; a counterpoise. COUN'TlES,t n. plur. [See Count, County.] Nobles. [Shah.] COUNTOUR',t n. [Fr.] A counting- house. [Chaucer.] €OUNTRETAILLE',t ». [Fr.] A tally answering exactly to another. [Chau- cer.] COUN'TRIFY, V. ^ To conform to the country ; to make rustic. €OUN'TRY-BASE,n. Game of prison- bars, or prison-base. [Shah.] eOUN'TRY-DANCE, n. [Fr. contre- dance.] A dance in which the partners arc arranged opposite to each other in lines. Originally and properly, contra- dance. COUN'TRY-OEN'TLEMAN, n. A gentleman resident in the country. COUNTRY-SEAT, n. A dwelling in the country, used as a place of retire- ment from the city. COUN'TY, n. {In Diet., instead of d, read n.) County -rates, [add.] County- rates are taxes levied for the purpose of defraying the expenses to which counties are liable. They are now collected by the boards of guardians. COUN'TY-SES'SIONS, «. The gene- ral quarter-sessions of the peace for each county, held four times a-year. COUN'TY-TOWN, «. The chief town of a county ; that town where the various courts of a county are held. COUP, V. t or I. To turn over. [Scotch.] COUP, ?'. i. or i. To bai'ter; to buy horses or cattle. [Scotch.] COUP-DE-SANG, w. (koo-da-song'.) [Fr.] Blood-stroke; a form of haemorr- liage occurring in the brain, the lungs, and in most of the other organs of the body, and consisting in an instantane- ous and universal congestion, without any escape of blood from the vessels. COUP-D'-ETAT, n. (koo-da-ta'.) [Fr.] A sudden, decisive blow in politics ; a stroke of policy. COUPE', n. {koopa'.) [Fr.] The front apartment of a French diligence. COUP'ING, pjir. Buying, particularly horses; trucking; bartering. [Scotch.] COUP'LABLE, a. Fit to be coupled. COUPXE, n. [add.] The namo given by M. Poinsot to a pair of equal and opposite forces not equilibrating- with each other. The theoretical investiga- tion of the nature and effects of such COURONNE-DES-TASSES COURTS COW-HIDE pairs of forces or couples, is termed the theory of couples. €OUP'LE-BEGGAR, «. One who makes it his business to marry beggars to each other. [An old term.] COUP LE-CLOSE, h. In arch., a pair of spars for a roof; also used by lieraldists as a diminutive of the chevron. eOUP'LER, n. That which couples.— In .nn onjan, the mechanism by which any two of the ranks of keys or keys and pedals, are connected together, so as to act together when the instrument is pla\ed upon. COUP'LING, n. [add.] In millworh, a contrivance for connecting one portion of a system of shafting with another, and of which there are three kinds: — 1. Permanent couplinns. Tliese are em- ployed for connecting two or move lengths of shafting longitudinally into one continuous line, usually by means of a ring of metal called a coupling- box, which is made to embrace the two contiguous ends of the lengths of shaft to be connected. Of these there are several varieties, of which the most common are tlie thimble, square, half- lap, and disc couplings, — ichich see in this Sujyp. 2. Shifting coupWigs. These are contrivances adopted when the object to be attained is the engage- ment and disengagement at pleasure of certain parts of the gearing without in- termptii m to the other parts. Of these there are also several varieties, as the disengaging or clutch coupling, ttiefrir- tion-cune coupling, the differential or train couplijig^ and i\\ebayonet-clutch, — which see in this Supp. 3. Slip-coup- lings, which are interposed for the pur- pose of modifying the injurious effects consequent on sudden variations of the working resistance, as the friction- coupling, luch-pulli'ijy and friction- wheel. [See these terms in this Supp."] €0UF'LING-BOX,H. Inmt^worA, the ring of metal embracing the contiguous ends of two lengths of shaft perman- ently coupled. [See Coupling.] COUP'LING-PIN, H. A pin used for coupling or joining railway-carriages and other machinery. COUPON ',21. (koo-pong'.) [Fr.] An inte- rest certificate printed at the bottom of transferable bonds (state-bonds,raiiway- bonds, &c.), given for a term of years. There are as many of these certificates as there are payments to be made. At each time of payment one is cut oXf, and presented for payment ; hence its name, coupon, or cut o,tf. The term, together with the practice, is borrowed from France. C0UR'A6E, «. [add.] The plural courages is used by Bacon. COURD.t pret. ov pp. [See Cowered.] Cherished with care; protected. [Spen- ser.] COURE,t V. i. [Fr.] To cower; to crouch. [Chaucer.] t OUR'IEK, n. [add.] The title of a newspaper, COURONNE-DES-TASSES, n. [Fr. a crown or cu'cle of cups.] An appar- atus employed in voha-electrical ex- periments, consisting of a range or circle of glass-vessels containing salt- water or dilute sulphuric acid, and connected together by compound me- tallic arcs of silver and zinc. For this purpose, wires of silver and zinc, S and Z, are soldered together in pairs, and altertiately placed in the glasses. No action takes place till the extreme wires S and Z are brought into communica- tion by means of a metallic wire, when CouroQ ue-tiej-lnsses. each silver wire is seen to evolve hy- drogen. COURSE, n. [add.] Course of the face of an arch, in arch., the face of the arch-stones whose joints radiate to the centre. — Course of a plinth, its con- tinuity in the face of the wall. COURSED, pp. or a. [add.] Coursed masonry, that kind of masonry in which the stones are laid in courses. COURS'ER, H. [add.] A genus of gral- latorial birds; one species is occasion- ally met with in Britain, the cream- coloured courser (O^r^ortw^wa/'e/^jwHA'). The genus derives its name from the great swiftness of the birds. [See CuRSORius in Diet.] COURS'ING-JOINT, n. A joint be- tween two courses of masonry. Court, n. [add.] In arch., an un- covered area before or behind a house, or in the centre of it. [See Courts.] COURT'-CRAFT, n. Political ai-titice. CuURT'EPY,t ". [Teut.] A short cloak or gown. [Chaucer.] COURT'ESANSIIIP, «. The character or practice of a courtezan. COURTESY, n, [add.] Courtesy of England, the title of a husband to en- joy for life, after his wife's decease, hereditaments of the wife held by her for an estate of inheritance, of which there was seizui-e during the wife's life, and to which issue of the mar- riage is born, wliich by possibility may inherit. COURT-FOOL, n. A buffoon or jes- ter, formerly kept by kings, nobles, &;c., for amusement. COURTIER-LIKE, a. Resembling a courtier. COURT'-MAN,n. A courtier. [CJian- cer.] COURT'-MAR'SHAL, n. One who acts as marshal at a court. COURT -PARTY, n. A party attached to the court. COURT'-ROLLS, n. The records of a court. [See Roll.] COURTS, n. Places where justice is administered, Tliere are many different courts of justice, but they are all di- vided by the rules of English law into courts of record, and not of record; the first being those which are held by course of common-law in pleas of or above forty shillings, with power to tine or imprison ; the second arechicHy those wliich are subject to the control of other courts when they exceed their jtu-isdiction. These are subdivided into courts superior nnd coui'is inferior. The courts superior are the lords" house of Parliament, the chancery, king's {queen's) bench, common-pleas, and exchequer ; then those courts holden by commission, such as jail- delivery, assizes, &c., central criminal court for London and its environs, and I nisi-prius; then courts established by IIG custom or charter, such as the courts of Lancaster, Durham, or Marshalsea, or by acts of Parliament, as the courts of bankruptcy or insolvency; lastly, such courts as act by virtue of the king's (queen's) commission and acts of Par- liament, as the quarter-sessions, court of sewers, courts of conscience, &c. The courts not of record are the courts of equity, courts-baron, county-courts, hundred-courts. The inferior courts of record are eorporation-com-ts, courts- leet, and what is termed the sheriff's tourn. Courts of judicature are either civil or criminal. CoURT'-Y ARD, n. A court or inclosure round a house, or adjacent to it. COUS'lN, n. [add.] A title given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to those of the council. COUSINLY, adv. Like or becoming a cousin. COUTEL', n. [Fr. coxdelas.] A short knife or dagger, in use during the middle ages. COUTH,t \v. t. [Sax.] To know; to COUTHE,t i understand ; to be able, [See Can, Could.] [Chaucer.] COUTH,t \pret. Knew; was able. COUTHE,t ) [Chaucer.] COUTHE,tl^^' ^°°'^"' [<^«"<^^1 COVE, 71. A cave. [Scotch.] COVED, pp. or a. Arched over; as, a coved ceiling. COVENANT, n. [add,] Covenants, in laic, are of many different kinds; as in fact, and in law, implied or express, real and personal. Covenant is also a form of action, which lies where a party claims damages for breach of a covenant or contract under seal. COVENANTOR, n. The person who makes a covenant, and subjects him- self to the penalty of its breach. COV'ENT,t n. [Old Fr. covent for co7ive7it.] A convent or monastery; hence Covent Gat^den in London. COVENTRY, n. To se7id to Coventry, a phrase among military men, signify- ing to exclude from the society of the mess ; to shut out from all social in- tercom'se, for conduct regarded as mean or ungentlemanly. COVENTRY-BLUE, n. Blue thread of a superior dye, made at Coventry, in England, and used for embroidery. COVER, 71. In slating, the lai) of a slate, or course of slates, over the course next but one underneath it. COVERT-BARON, «, Same as Feme-Covert. [See Covert, a.] COVERT-WAY. ^>e Covered-Wat. COW'AOE, n. See Cowiiage. COW'ARDI£,tn. Cowardice. [Chau- cer.] CO W'ARDREE,tn. Cowardice. [5pCH- scr.] COW'-CALF, n. A female calf. COW-CHER'VIL,> n. A plant of the COW-PARS'LEY,) genus Chiero- phyllum, the C. sylvest7'e, which grows in hedges, waste places, pastm-es, and by walls and roads, and is eaten by cattle. [See Chj;rofhyllum.] COW'DIE, 7^ A name for the Dam- mara ansti-alis, or New Zealand pine. COWERING, ppr. or a. Bending down; crouching; timorous. COW-FEEDER, n. One who feeds cows; a cow-herd. COWHEARD,t«. Coward. [Spenser.] COW-HIDE, 71. The skin of a cow, made or to be made into leather. — 2, In the United Stoics, a particular kind of riding-whip nuide of cow's-hide. CRAB-LOUSE CRAMP-BAKK CRASSULA €OW-HlDE, V. t To beat or whip with a cow-hide. [Afneriran.] €OW'lSH, n. A plant and root found in the valley of the Oregon. The root resembles in taste the sweet-potato. €OW'ITCIi, n. See Cowhage. €OW'-KEEF'ING, ?i. The business of keeping milk-cows. COWL, n. [add.] A wire cap coverin.c; ; the top of a locomotive-engine. eOW'-LICIv, n. A reversed tuft of hair on the human forehead, so named from its resemblance to hair licked by a cow out of its natural position. COW'^MAN, 71. A man who keeps or takes care of cows. €OW'-PEA, ) n. Akindofpeaculti- €OW'-GRASS,i vated instead of clo- ver, the TrifoUum meduim. €0\V'I>ER'S-GLANDS, n. In anat.y the two small rausciparous glands, each about the size of a pea, placed parallel to each other before the prostate gland. €OW'RY, 71. [add.] Many tons weight of the money cowries are annually im- ported into this country, and again exported for barter with the natives of "Western Africa. In 18-18 sixty tons of them were imported into Liverpool, and in 1849 nearly 300 tons were brought to the same port. €OWTE f "■ [iicotch.j €OX'A,n. [L.] In aHflf., the hip, haunch, or hip-joint, also the os-coccygis. €OXAL'0lA, n. [L. coxa, and Gr. a-^yos, pain.] Pain of the hip or haunch. COX'SWAIN, 72. The person who steers a boat ; the captain of a boat. Usually contracted to cox'n. €OY,t V. t [Fr.] To quiet; to soothe. [Chaucer.'] COY'POU, n. [add.] The Myopotamus coypits of zoologists. GOZ'IER, n. A butcher. [See Cosier.] [Shak.] €0'ZILY,«(/u. Snugly; warmly; com- fortably. COZOTOTOTL, n. In ornith., a species of Mexican finch. COZQUAUTLI, n. In ornith., the Mexican vulture. COZY, w. [acid.] Chatty; talkative. CR. In hook- keeping, an abbre^nation of the word creditor. €RAB, n. [add.] In zool., the lomj- amied crab belongs to the genus Corystes; the hermit-crab to the genus Pagurus; and the land-crab to the genus Gecarcinus. — A kind of portable Avindlass or machine for raising weights, &c. Crabs are much used in build- ing operations for raising stones or other weights, and in loading and dis- charging vessels. They are also applied in raising the weights or rammers of pile-driving engines. Crab or capstan is also the name given to a machine used in rope-works for stretching the yarn to its fullest extent before it is worked into strands. — Also, wooden castagnettes used in Siani, consisting of two short sticks, which the Siamese accompany with the voice, striking them against each other. CRAB'-CATCllEK, n. A richly-co- loured species of bittern, the Herodius virescenSy indigenous to Jamaica, is so called from the Crustacea on which it feeds. CRAB'-LOUSE, n. A species of body- louse, the Pediculus pubis (Linn.) It is the Pkthirius inguinali^ of modern authors. CRA'BRO, n. A genus of hymenop- terous insects belonging to the family Fossores ; also, the specific name of another hymenopterous insect belong- ing to the wasp family, the hornet, or Vespa crabro. €RAB'-TREE, n. [add.] The wild apple-tree, Pyrus malus. CRACK, a. Excellent; first-rate; hav- ing qualities to be proud of ; as, a crack ship ; a crack regiment. [Familiar^ or low.'\ CRACK, V. t. [add.] To cause to soiind quickly and smartly. CRACK, V. i. [add.] To break. [Swift.] CRACK, V. I. To boast; to talk boast- ingly; to chat; to talk freely and familiarly. [Scotch.] CRACK, a. New ; showy. [Scotch.] CRACK, 7i. Boasting; chat; free con- versation. [Scotch.] CRACK'ER,77.[add.] A little paper-cylin- der filled with pow- der or combustible matter, which ex- plodes with a noise ; a squib. Also, a small hard biscuit. Also, a bird, the pin-tail duck {Anas acuta). €RA'COWES,t n. Long-toed boots or ehoes, introduced in 1384: ; named from the city of Cracow, whence the fashion is supposed to have been imported. CRA'DLE, n. [add.] Alargewooden frame in which a boat or barge may be floated in order to be con- veyed by pulleys, without the aid of the usual locks. — 2. A machine in which gold is washed from the earth, &c., containing it. It is so named from its being rocked in the process of washing as a child's cradle. CRIMES,} n. Warehouses where KRAMES, > goods are crammed or CREAMS, ) packed; range of booths for the sale of goods. [^Scotch.] CRAFT, n. A croft. [Scotch.] CRAGGE,t n. The crag; the neck. [Spenser.] CRAIG, n. A crag; a rock; the neck ; the throat. [Scotch.] CRAIG'SMAN, n. One who is dex- terous in climbing rocks. [Scotch.] CRAKE, n. [add.J The Crex pratensiSf or land-rail. CRAKE,+ V. i. To crack; to boast. [Chaucer.] CRAK'EL,t f- i' To crackle; to qua- ver hoarsely in singing. [Chaucer.] CRAM, n. In weavirifi, a warp having more than two threads in each dent or split of the reed. CRAM'MING, 71. In the English uni- versities, a ca7it term for the act of preparing a student to pass an exami- nation by going over the topics with him beforehand, and fui-nishing him with the requisite answers. CRAMP, n. [add.] An uon instrument having a screw at one end, and a mova- ble shoulder at the other, employed by carpenters and joiners for closely com- pressing the joints of framework. CRAMP'-BARK, n. In the United States, the popular name of the Vibur- num oxycoccus, a medicinal plant hav- ing antispasmodical properties. 117 Cractiwes, from the Haileiiiu MS. CRAMP'-IRON, ) 7?. A piece of metal, CRAMP'ERN, V usually iron, bent CRAMP, ) at each end, and let into the upper surface of two pieces of stone, when their perpendicular faces are joined together. Cramps are commonly employed in works requiring great solidity, for the purpose of fasten- ing the stones securely together. In common works they are applied chiefiy to the stones of copings and cornices, and generally in any external work upon the upper surface, or between the beds of the stones. CRAMP'ISH-t V. t To contract; to cramp. [Chaucer.] CRAN, ) 71. In Scotland, a measure of CRANE,) capacity for fresh-herrings, as taken out of the net. A ci'an of herri7igs is understood to be such a quantity as, when cured, shall fill a barrel (thirty-two gallons, wine-mea- sure). Hence the cran is lai'ger than the barrel. CR AN'BERRY-TART, n. A tart made of cranberries. CRaNCE, 7t. In shipSy any boom iron, but particularly an iron cap attached to the outer end of the bow -sprit, through which the jib - boom tra- verses. CRANCK,f ) a. Lusty; stout; coura- CRANK,f ji" geous. [Spe7iscr.] CRANE, 71. [add.J The cranes belong to the genus Grus, family Gruidae. The common crane is the G. ci7ierea, the Siberian crane is the G. giga7itea, and the brown crane the G. canadcTisis. CRANE-LIKE, a. Resembling a crane. CRAN'GON, n. The shrimp, a genus of macrourous crustaceans. The com- mon shrimp is the Crangon vulga7i,s ; the shrimp common in the arctic re- gions is the Crangon boreas. CRA'NIAL, a. Relating to, or like a cranium, CRANK, a. [add.] Healthy; sprightly; lively ; wry ; distorted. [Sicift.] CRANK'-BIRD, ??. The name of the lesser spotted wood-pecker [Picus 77iinin'). CRANK'- HATCHES, n. Hatches on the deck of a steam-vessel, raised to a proper elevation, for covering the cranks of the engines. CKANKTNG,2'/'»*' Bending; winding. [Shah.] CRANKS,t n. plur. [See Crank.] The sudden or frequent involutions of the planets. [Spettser.] CRAN'NY, a. Pleasant ; brisk ; jovial. [Local.] CRAP, «. The crop; produce of the ground. [Scotch.] CRAP, n. The top of anything; the craw of a fowl ; used ludicrously for n mail's stomach . [ Scotch . ] CRAP, n. Darnel; buckwheat. [Local.] CRAP'PIT-HEADS, 7i. Puddings made in the heads of haddocks. [Scotch.] CRAP'ULENT, c. Same as Crapu- lous. CRARE, H. A small ship. [Shah.] CRASHED SUGARj n. See Crushed Sugar. CRASSAMEN'TUM, k. [L, from cras- sus, thick.] The cmor or clot of blood, consisting of fibrin and red globules. CBASS'IMENT, n. Thickness. CRAS'SULA, n. A genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Crassulacea". It consists of succulent herbs and shrubs, chiefly natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Various species are cultivated for the be.auty of their flowers. CREEPEK CRIBBAGE CRIMP €KATCHING,t »• A scratching. [Chaucer.} ■CRA'VEN. a. Cowardly; base. CRaV'IKGLY, adv. In an earnest or craving manner. €RAW-FISH,) n. [add.] The common , CRAY -FISH, ) craw-fish is the ^- iaciis fiuuiaiitis. I CRAWL IKGLY, adv. In a crawling manner. , CRAZE, n. Insanity ; craziness. I CRE'ACH, ) n. [Gael.] A Highland CRE'AGH,) foray ; a plundering ex- cursion, j t'RE.\K, T'. i. To cause to make a harsh protracted noise ; as, to creak the shoes. ' [S!iak.] CREAM'-CHEESE, n. Cream dj-ied by exposure to the air till it forms a solid mass. It is not properly cheese, not being formed into curd. CREAM-COLOURED, a. Having or resembling the colour of cream. CREAM'-FRLIT, n A kind of edible fruit found at Sierra Leone, said to be produced by some apocynaceous plant. CREANCE,t n. rpr] Faith; belief. [Chaucer.] CRE'AXCE,t V. t. [Fr.] To borrow money. [Chancer.] CREAS ING-TOOL, In. A tool used CREASE, f by the workers in sheet-metals in producing tubes and cylindrical mouldings. It consists of a stake, or small anvil, with grooves of dilierent sizes across its smface. The metal is laid over these, and, by means of a wire, or cylinder of metal corre- sponding to the inner dimensions of the cmTe required, is driven into the con- cavity of the proper groove. €REAST'£D,t a. Crested; tufted; plumed. [^i)en«r.] CREaT'ABLE, a. That may be created. CREATE', a. Begotten; composed; created. [5/inft.] €REATE',t PP- Created. [Chaucer.] CRE'ATINE, n. [Gr. «;i«, flesh.] A nitrogenous crystallizable substance ob- tained from muscular fibre. CREAT'UR AL, a. Belonging to a crea- ture ; having the qualities of a creature. CREB'RlTCDE.t n. [L. creber.] Fre- quentncss. CKEDEX DUM, n. plur. Credenda. [L. See Ckedenda.] Something to be be- lieved. CRED IT, n. [add.] Leiler of credit, an order given by bankers, or others, at one place, to enable a person to receive money from their agents at another place. A letter of credit is not trans- ferable. CRED ITORS BILL, n. In law, a bill in equity, liled by one or more creditors, by and in behalf of him or themselves, and all other creditors who shall come in under the decree, for an account of the assets and a due settlement of the estate. ■CREE, I", t. To seethe ; to boil grain till it is soft ; to pound or bruise. [Local.] CREEIv'y, a. Full of creeks; winding. CREEL, n. A basket, or pannier. — To be in a cree', or, to have ones tcits in a creel, to labour under some temporary confusion or stupefaction of mind. [Scotch.] CKEEL'FU", n. A basketful. [Scotch.] CREEP, V. i. [add.] To be put into a motion resembling that of worms; as, the sight made my flesh creep. CREEPER, n. [add.] In ornitholugy, the common creeper is the Ccrihia familiaris; the wall-creeper is the Tichodroma muraria. CREEP IKG CROW-FOOT, i;. A plant of the genus Ranunculus, the i?. repens, which grows in meadows and pastures. CREETH,^ V. 1. To boil anything to CRITH, ) softness; as, creethed wheat; probably from xeiCii, barley, — g.d., treated as barley is prepared for food. [See Cbee in this Supp.] CREE^'h \ "■ C1'"'^'>S6; tallow. [ScodA.] CREISH''lNG,i)f>r. Greasing. [Scotch.] CREMONA, II. [add.] A name errone- ously given to a stop in the organ, be- ing a corruption ofhrutiihorn,axi ancient wind-instrument which the stop was originally designed to imitate. [See Ckcmorxa in this Supp.] CRENAT'ULA, n. A genus of bivalve shells of the mussel and pearl-oyster family. The hinge shows a row of roundish or oval pits, making it appear as if crenulated. This shell is found in sponges, and moored to corallines. CRENC'LED,t PP- Crinkled ; formed in flexures. [Chaucer.] CRE'NEL,t n. The peak at the top of a helmet. CREN ELL ATE, v. t. To form crenelles; to notch ; to fortify. CREOSOTE, n. tee Cbeasote. CREP'IL.t R. [Sax.] A cripple. [Chau- cer.] CKE'PON, n. [Fr.] A fine stuft", made either of tine wool or of wool and silk, of which the warp is twisted much harder than the weft. The crepom of Naples consist altogether of silk. CREPUS'CULtJM, n. [L.] The twi- light. [See Cr.EPuscLE.] CRESCENDO. For the mark >, substitute ■< . CRES'CENT-LIICJ:, a. Resembling a crescent. CRESS, 11. [add.] Common cress is the Lepidiutn sativum ; water-cress, the Nasturtium officinale; Normandy cress, Barbarea prcecox ; Indian cress, Tro- pcBolum viajus. CKESS'-ROCKET, I!. A genus of plants ( Vella). ( See Vella.] CRESrED DIVER, ) n. A large CRESTED GREBE, j water- fowl, the Podiceps n-iitatus. CBEST-ED DOG'STAIL-GRASS, n. A British plant of the genus Cynosurus, the C. cristattis, [See Ctnosukcs in this Supp.] €RErX,n.(krn.)[Fr.hoilow.]Insca/p., the reverse of relief. — To engiave en creii:c, is to cut below the surface. CBEyASSE',t n. fcrevas'.) [Fr.] A chink or crevice. [Chatrcer.] CREVASSE', n. [Fr.] A rent across a glacier, frequently very broad, and al- ways as deep as the glacier is thick. iThis word has been adopted fi-om the 'rench ; crevice being evidently too diminutive, and rent being equally ob- jectionable, from not conveying the re- quisite idea.] In the United States, liie term crevasse is used to denote a breach in the embankment or levee of a river, occasioned by a pressure of the water, as in the Lower Jlississippi. CREWELS, n. Scrofula. [Scotch.] CRI'ANDE,+ j'Pi^' from Crs/. Crying. [Chaucer.] CRIB, n. [add ] A cribble or sieve. *--'RIB, V. I. To be confined to a crib. CRIB'BA(!iE,n. [add.] Agame at cards in which the dealer makes up a thud hand for himself, partly out of the hand of his opponent. — Crib'uage-board, a board used for marking in the game of eribbage. lis Ci;iB'-BITING,n.Bitingofthemanger or crib ; a bad habit of hoi ses, caused by disease in the teeth, or rough usage bv the person who currycombs them. CRIBBLE, rt. Coarse ; as, cribble bread. CEIBK.\TO'EES, n. Sifters; Dr. MacgillivTay's name for the order of swimming birds which contains the geese and ducks, from their mode of taking their food. CRIBKOSE, a. [L. cribrum, a sieve.] Perforated like a sieve. CRICE'TUS, n. The hamster, a genus of rodent animals, with teeth like those of the rat. The tail is short and hairy, and the two sides of the mouth are hollowed into sacks or cheek-pouches, in which they transport the grain they collect to their subterranean abodes. The com- mon hamster, C. ndgaris {Mus ciicetus, Lian.), is common in all the sandy re- gions that extend from the north of Germany to Siberia, and is very de- structive to grain. [See IIa-msier.] CRICK'ET, n. [add.] The crickets be- long to the order Orthoptera, although they formed part of the Linnaran order Hemiptera. The house-cricket is the GruUus do7!tcsticus, also called Adteta domesiica; the field-cricket is the Cryl- Ills campestris, or Acheta eampcstris; the mole-cricket is the Gryllotalpa vul- garis; the New Zealand grand cricket is the Veinacrida heteracantha. CRICK ET-BIRD, n. The grasshopper warbler (Sylvia locustella) is so called from its note resembling that of a eRICKTETING APPLE, n. A sma]l species of apple. CRIME, «. [add.] Reproach. [Spenser.] CRliriXAL, a. [add.] Criminal infor- mation, in laic, a proceeding at the suit of the sorereigDj without a prcnous in- dictment or presentment by a grand jmj. — An ex-o^(cio cnminal itifonr.ation, is a formal written suggestion of an offence committed, filed by the attorney-gene- ral, or in the court of queen's bench. It lies for misdemeanours only, and not for treasons or felonies. — Criminal in- formation by the master of croicn-of- ficCj is liled at the instance of an indi- vidual, with the leave of the court, and is usually confined to gross and noto- rious misdemeanours, riots, batteries, libel, and other immoralities. — Crinxi- nal'lau; the lav: which relates to crimes. This division of English jurisprudence comprehends not only the geuei-al cri- minal law as administered either in the court of queen's bench, or at the sessions in London and Middlesex, and in the countrj" at sessions and the as- sizes, but also the admin Jsti-atiou of the crown -law by the court of queen's bench at V.*estminster, consisting prin- cipally of a sort of quasi criminal-jaw, as indictments for libels, nuisances, re- pair of roads, bridges, &c., informa- tiuns, the judicial decisions of questions concerning the poor-laws, &c. CRIMINAL CONVERSATION, n. In laic, aduiieiy; illicit intercourse with a married woman, for which the party is liable to an action for damages. It is usually abbreviated into crim. con. CRIM'INATIVE, a. Cliarging with crime; censuring; criminatory. CRIMP, V. t. [add.] To plait ; to curl or crisp the hair; to crimple; to decoy for the army. — In coohtry, to crimple or cause to contract, as the flesh of a live fish, by gashing it with a I:Dife, to give it gieater haidness, and make it more crisp. CRITIQUE CRORE CROSS-SILL CRIMP, n. [add.] One who decoys sailors in any way, for the sake of get- ting tlieni in his power. CRIMP'ING, n. Same as Crimpage. CRIMP'ING - IRON, n. An iron for curling the hair. CRIMP'ING -MACHINE, n. A ma- chine for forming a kind of plaiting or fluting on frills or rutfles, CRINCi'INGLY, adv. In a cringing manner, CRIN'GLE, n. [add.] Cringles are named after the ropes to which they are attached ; as bowline^ buntline, reef- pendant, and reef -tackle pendant crin- gles — faring - cringles are used for lashing the extremities of a sail to the yard when bending or reefnig. CRI'NO, n. plur. Crinones. [L. crinis, the hair.] A cuticular disease supposed to arise from the insinuation of a hair- worm under the skin of infants. Also, a genus of entozoa, observed chiefly in horses and dogs. CRINOID'AL, a. Containing the fos- sil remains of crinoideans. €RINOID'EA, I n. [add.] The cri- CRINOID'EANS,) noideans are re- lated to some of the starfish and as- terias, but they grow on a long-jointed stalk. The name includes the encri- nites. CRIP'PLINGS, n. plur. Spars or tim- bers set up as supports (crutches) against the sides of a building. €RIPS,t a. Crisp. [Chaucer.'] ■CRISP' ATE, a. Having a crisped ap- pearance. CRXSP'ER, n. He or that which crisps or curls ; an instrument for friezing or crisping cloth. CRIS'PIN, n. An appellation given familiarly to shoemakers, from their patron saint Crispinus. CRISP'ING-IRON, n. A curling-iron for the hair. CRISS'-CUOSS, n. [Corrupted from ChrisCs -cross.] The mark, cross, or signature of one who cannot write. — 2. A game played on slates by children at school. CRISS'- CROSS -ROW, n. An old name for the alphabet. \^See Chbist- Cboss-Row in this Supp.] CRIS'TA, H. [L. a crest or comb of a cock.] In anat.y a terra applied to seve- ral processes and parts of bones, as the crista ilil, the crista galU, whicli latter is an eminence of the ethmoid bone, so called from its resemblance to a cock's comb. — 2. In surg., applied to excres- cences like the comb of a cock about the anus. CRISTA'CEA, n. [L. crista, a crest.] A family of polythalamous cephalo- pods, in which the shell is semi-dis- coid, globular, siiheroidal, or oval, with spiral whorls or chambers, united tuni- cally. CRIT'ICAL PHILOSOPHY, n. A name sometimes given to the metaphy- sical system of Kant, from his famous \\-OT\i.er\i\t\Q(i^Criticismof Pure Reason. CRITICAS'TER, n. A small or inferior critic. CRIT'ICIZABLE,*/. Capable of being criticized CRITICIZE, or CRIT ICISE, v. i. CRITICIZE, or CRITICISE, v. t. CRITICIZED, or CRIT ICISED,;>p. CRIT'ICIZER, I n. One who criticizes; CRIT ICISEK, ) a critic. CRIT ICIZING, or CRIT'XCISING, ppr. CRITIQUE',! V. t. (krettk.) To pass judgment on; to make remarks on. CROAK, r. i. [add.] Figuratively ^ to complain; to forebode evilj to grum- ble. CROAK'ING, 1}. [add.] The act of foreboding evil; a grumbling. CROAK'ING, ;>pr. or a. [add.] Fore- boding evil ; grumblincj. CROAK'ING-LIZARD, n. A species of gecko, common in Jamaica, is so called from the noise it makes. It is a nocturnal lizard, the Tliecadactyhis lo'vis of naturalists. CROCE,t n. (cros'.) A cross. [Chau- cer.] CROCHET, n. (kro'shay.) [Fr. a small hook.] A kind of ladies' work. It is a species of knitting performed by means of a small hook, the material being fancy worsted, cotton, or silk. In this way a variety of fancy articles are wrought, such as collars, bonnets, wine- rubbers, pin-cushions, &c. CROCODILE, a. [add.] Crocodile tears, false or atfected tears. This term contains an allusion to the fic- tions of old travellers, that crocodiles shed tears over those they devour. CROCODIL'EANS, ) n. A family of CROCODIL'ID^, J saurians, com- prising the largest living forms of that order of reptiles. It comprehends the alligators, the crocodiles, and the ga- vials. CRO'CUS, n. [add.] Three species of crocus are found wild in Britain, viz., C. sativus, C. vernus, and C. nudijio- rus. C. vemus is the common purple or white crocus of our gardens in the spring; C. versicolor is the common sweet-scented, variegated, spring cro- cus ; C. bijiorus is the Scotch crocus ; C. sativus is the common saft"ron-cro- cus; C. odorus is the Sicilian saffron. [See Saffron.] CRO'MA, H. [It.] In musiCya. quaver; a musical character. CROMES,t n. plur. Crumbs. [Chau- cer,] CROM'MED,ti'/>. Crammed. [Chau- cer.] CROMOR'NA, n. [Fr. cromorne; Ger. hruminhorn, crooked horn.] A reed- stop in the organ, voiced like the oboe, but of a diff'erent quality ; bearing the same relation to the oboe as the stopped diapason to the open. Corruptly writ- ten Cremona. CROO'DLE, V. i. To cower, stoop, or hover over; to lie close and snug. [Local.] — To coo like a dove. [iScotch. \ CROOK, n. A pot-hook; the iron chain, with its appropriate hooks, by which the vessels for cooking are hung over the fire. [Scotch.] CROOK, H. A winding. [Scotch.] CROOM, ( 71. An implement with long CROME, ) crooked prongs; a kind of fork. [Provincial.] C K O O N'E K, n. The gray gurnard {Trigla gurnardus) is so called in Scot- land, from the noise it makes when taken out of the water. CROP, V. t. [add.] To cause to bear a crop; as, to crop a field; to fill with crops; to raise crops on. CROPE, n. A fiuial ; the top of any- thing. CROPE,t ) ;>i>. of Sax. Cre/^e. Crept. CROP'EN,tJ [Chaucer.] CROP'-FISH, n. Pennant's globe-fish (Tetraodon) is locally so called. CROPPING, ppr. [add.] Raising a crop or crops on. CRORE, n. In the East Indies, ten thousand ; as, a crore of rupees. 119 CRO'SIERED,a. (kro'-shurd.) Bearing a crosier. CROSS, n. [add.] A mixing of breeds in producing animals ; a cross-breed. CROSS'-ACTION, h. In law, a case in which A, having brought an action against B, B also brings another action against A, arising out of the same trans- action. CROSS'-AISLE,7i. The lateral divisions of a church in the form of a cross. CROSS-BANDED, a. In arch., a term applied to hand-railing, which is said to be cross-handed when a X is laid upon its upper side, with the grain of the wood crossing that of the rail, and the extension of the veneer in the di- rection of its fibres is less than the breadth of the rail. CROSS'-BEAM, n. In arch., a large beam going from wall to wall, or a girder that holds the sides of the house together; any beam that crosses an- other. CROSS'-BILL, n. Instead of definition given in Diet., insert, A bill, not ori- ginal, filed in chancery by a defend- ant in a suit against the plaintiff in the same suit, or against other defendants in the same suit, or against both, touch- ing the matters in question in the ori- ginal bill. CROSS'-BILLED, a. Having a cross- bill; having the mandibles of the bill crossing each other, as in the genus Loxia. CROSS'-BIRTH, n. Preternatural labour; labour impeded by preternatu- ral presentation of the fetus, or its membranes. CROSS' -BOW -MAN, n. One who uses a cross-bow. CROSSE'LET^t n. [Fr.] A crucible. [Chaucer.] CROSS'-EYE, n. That sort of squint by which both eyes turn towards the nose, so that the rays of light, in pass- ing to the eyes, cross each other ; stra- bismus. CROSS'-GARNETS, n. Hinges having a long strap fixed close to the aperture, and also a cross part on the other side of the knuckle, which is fastened to tlie joint ; called in Scotland, cross- tailed hinges. ClvOSS'-HEAD, n. A beam or rod stretching across the top of anything; as, the cross-head of the cylinder of a steam-engine. CROSS'ING, n. [add.] A passing across; the place of passing ; as, the crossings of the streets. CROSS' -JACK, \n. [add.] CROSS' - JACK - YARD, [ A yard hoisted on a sloop's mast, or on the foremast of a fore-and-aft rigged schooner, upon which the square-sail is set when the vessel is going before the wind. CROSS'-PIECE,) w. [add.] A piece of CROSS'-BITT, > timberboltedacross two bits, for the purpose of fastening ropes. CROSS'-QUARTERS, n. In arch., an ornament of tracery representing the four leaves of a cruciforui Hower. CROSS-READING, n. An indirect mode of reading; the reading of the lines of a newspai>er, &c., directly across the page through the adjoining columns, thus confounding the sense, and often producing a ludicrous com- bination of ideas. CROS S'-R O AD, n. See Cross- Way. CROSS'-SILL, n. A block of store or CROW-FOOT CRUDE CRYPTOBRANCniATA wood, laid in broken sione-fiUing, which supports a sleeper. CROSS' -SPALES, w. See Cross- Pawls. CROSS'-TIE, n. A sleeper on a rail- way. CROSS'-WuRT, n. A name given to plants of various genera, particularly to the Vaihintia crnceata, or GaVium cniciatum [see Gallium] ; and to plants of the genus Crucianella, many species of which were introduced from France, Egypt, Spain, Persia, &c. ; the green- house kinds are increased by cuttings, the annuals sown in open borders. CROTCH'ET. 11. [add.] A curved sur- gical instrument with a sharp hook, used to extract the fetus, in the opera- tion of embryotomy. CROTCH'EXr, a. Having perverse conceits or crotchets of the brain; whimsical; fanciful; odd. CRO'TON, n. [add.] Croton tiglium is a native of several parts of the East Indies. It is the most active and dan- gerous of drastic purgatives ; every part — wood, leaves, and fruit — seems to Cniton tigtium. participate equally in the energy. C. lacciferiaiiy a native of the East Indies, is said to furnish the finest of all the sorts of lac. C. draco, a Mexican plant, fields, when wounded, a resinous substance of a deep red colour, resem- bling dragon's-blood. Several species are merely aromatic, as C. bahami- ferum, C. aromaiicum, and C thuri- fentm. C. pseudo-china is the copalche bush, and jields one of the barks so called. CRO'TONIN, n. A vegeto-alkalifound in the seeds of Croton tiglium. CROUDjf 71. A Welsh musical instru- ment. [See Crowd.] [.5/?enjrer.] CROUDE.t r. t. To crowd. [C7*«MCer.] CROUliE,t n. [Sax.] An earthen ves- sel ; a crock. [Chaucer.'] CROU PIER, n. [add.] [Fr. croupier, a partner; an assistant at gaming- tables.] One who at a public dinner- party sits at the lower end of the table, as assistant-chairman. Also, one who watches the cards and collects the money at a gaming-table. CROUSE, a. Brisk ; full of heart ; cou- rageous-like. [Scotch.] CROW, n. [add.] The common or car- rion crow is tlie Corvus corone ; the raven is the Corvus corax ; the hooded crow, Corvus comix ; the rook, Corvus fruyilegus; the jackdaw, Corvus mone- dula. CROWDING, H. The act of crowding; thestate of being crowded. CROW'-FOOT, n. [add.] In a ship of war, an iron stand fixed at one end to a table, and hooked at the other to a beam above; on this stand the mess- kids, &c., are hung. — In hot [See Ran- unculus.] CROW-MILL, n. A machine for tak- ing crows. CROWN, n. [add.] Crotcn of an anchor, that part where the arms are joined to the shank. CROWN, V. i. [add.] To surround ; to form a circle round; as, the soldiers crojoTierfthefield. [Dri/den.] — To crown a knot, among seanieuy is to tinish a knot by passing the strands of the rope over and under each other, CROWN -AGENT, n. In Scotland, the agent or solicitor who, under the lord- advocate, takes charge of criminal pro- ceedings. CROWN'-COURT, n. In laio, the court in which the crown or criminal business of an assize is transacted. CROWN-JEWEL S, n. The royal jewels. CROWN'-LAW, n. That part of the common-law of England which is ap- plicable to criminal matters. CROWN -LAWYER, ;(. A lawyer in the service of the crown ; a lawyer who takes cognizance of criminal cases. CROWN'-OFFICE, h. [add.] The 6 and 7 Vict., c. 20, abolished the clerks in this office, and the monopoly of their practice ; it also abolished several an- cient offices, and many fees, and made the offices subject to the dii*ect control of the lord chief -justice. There are now only three officers appointed by the lord chief-justice, viz., the queen's coroner and attorney, the master, and assistant-master. The office is com- monly called the crown-side of the court of queen's bench. CROWN OF THE CAUSEY, n. The middle of the street. [Scotch.] CROWN -PAPER, n. A paper con- taining a list of criminal cases which await hearing or decision. CRO^VN'-SIDE, H. The department of an assize court where the criminal busi- ness is disposed of. CROWN'-SOLIC'ITOR, «. In state prosecutions, in England, the solicitor who prepares the prosecution. This is done by the solicitor to the treasury. — In Ireland, solicitors attached to each circuit, who get up every case for the crown in criminal prosecutions. CRUW'-QUILL, n. The quill or large feat^her of the crow. CRUW'-SILK, /(. The common name of several aquatic plants of the genus Conferva ; as the C. fracta, C. crispatUy and C rivularis. They are so named from their tine thread-like filaments. CROWS'-NEST, n. A sort of sentry- box, or watch-tower, placed on the main-topmast cross-trees, or main-top- gallant cross-trees of a whale-fishing vessel, for the shelter of the look-out- man, at the Davis' Straits fishery. CROW STONE, n. A fossil mollusc of the genus Auomia, CRU CIAL, a. [add.] Relating to, or like a cross ; transverse. — In experi- vtental science^ severe searching, as if bringing to the cross; decisive; as, a crucial experiment. — In anat., applied to some parts disposed in the manner of a cross ; as, the crucial ligaments of the knee-joint. CRU'CIFY, V. t. [add.] To crucify an author, to torture him, by perverting the meaning or destroyini; the beauties of his writings. CRLDE, a. [add.] In painting^ a term applied to a picture when the colours are rudely liid on, and do not blend or harmonize. CRUE'-HERRING, n. The pUchard is so named in Scotland. CRUENTOUS, a. Bloodv; cruentate. CRUITHNE^n. (kru-en'.) [Gael.] A Pict ; a wheat-grower. CRULL.t a. Curled. [Chaucer,] CRUMB-CLOTH, n. A cloth to be laid under a table to receive falling fragments, and keep the carpet or floor clean. It is often made to extend over the greater part of a dining-room floor, for the better protection of the carpet. CRUJIE'NAL,t n. [L. crutnena.] A purse. [Spenser.) CRUM'MABLE, a. That maybe broken into small pieces or crumbs. CRUiM'MlE,! n. A cow with crooked CRUMMY, I horns. [5cofc/i.] CRUNCH, r. t. [See Craunch.] To crush with the teeth; to chew with violence and noise. [Provincial.] CRUNK,t )w. i. To cry like a CRUN'IvLE,t 3 crane. CRUP, *7. Short; brittle. [Provincial.] CRUP'PIN, pp. Crept. [Scotch.] CRU'RAL, a. [add.] Shaped like a leg or root. — Crural arch, the ligament of the thigh; also called inguinal liga- menf, ligament of Poupart, &c. CRUSADING, a. Engaged in, or relat- ing to the crusades. CRUSA'DO,t n. Same as Crusade. CRUSHED SUGAR, I n. Moist sugar; CRASHED SUGAR,) sugar not re- fined ; raw sugar, which has undergone a second process of crystallization, by which, being run into lumps, it has to be crushed or crashed to bring it to a proper tenuity for use. Crushed sugar has now nearly superseded raw sugar ; this is owing to its finer appearance, but its sweetening power is certainly not improved by the re-crystallization. CRU'SIAN, n The d/prlnus gibelio, a fish of the carp kind ; the Prussian carp, now naturalized in this country. It is found in some of the ponds in the neighbourhood of Loudon, and in other parts of England. CRUST, H. [add.] A deposit from wine as it ripens, collected on the interior of bottles, kc, and consisting of tartar and colouring matter. CRUS'TA, H. [add.] In hot., a term ap- plied to the brittle crustaceous thallus of lichens ; in coo/., applied to the bony coverim; of the crab, lobster, tScc. CRUSTACE0L06'ICAL, a. Pertain- ing to crustaceology. [Ill-formed.] CRUSTACEOL'OGlST,n. One versed in crustaceology. [Ill-formed.] CRUSTIF IC, fl. Producing a crust or skin. [Xot authorized.] CRUTCH, n. [add.] In a ship, a stan- chion of wood or iron, the upper part of which is forked to receive a rail, spar, mast, yard, &c. ; crutches are fixed alons the ship's sides and gangways. CRUX, n. [add.] The Cross, a southern constellation, situated close to the hin- der-legs and under the body of Centau- rus. It contains seven stars, one of which is of the first magnitude. — Crux criticorum, the greatest difficulty that can occur to critics. CRY'ENjt V. i.pres. terise plur. of Cry. j [SpeJiser.] I CRY'ING, a. [add.] Calling for ven- geance and punishment ; as, crying \ CRYPTOBRANCUIA'TA, n. [Gr. xjiTTM, concealed, and ^»r. or a. Being at the meridian ; having its highest eleva- tion. €UL'PONS,t n. plur. [Fr. coupon, apart.] Shreds; logs. [Chaucer.] GULTCH, n. The name given by oyster- fishers to those objects to which the spawn (spat) of the oyster is adhering. €UL'TEL,t n. [L. cultellus.] A long knife carried by a knigiit's attendant. GULTIROS'TRES, should be €UL- TRIROS'TRES. GUL'TIVATE, v. t. [add.J To treat or attend to anything in general, with a view to render it advantageous to one ; as, to cultivate acquaintances; to culti- vate the favour of the great. €ULTRIROS'TRAL, a. Having a bill shaped like the coulter of a plough, or like a knife; as the heron. [See Cul- TIROSTRICS.] eUL'VERINGS,t n. plur. [See Cul- VERiN.] Culverins. [Spenser.] GUM'BRIAN SYSTEM,) n. In geol., GUM'BRIAN GROUP, ) another name for the slate or graywacke sys- tem, from its being most remarkably developed in Cumberland. It includes the Plinlimmon and Snowdon rocks, and the Bala limestone. The strata are of great but unknown thickness, possessing a slaty character, and nearly destitute of organic remains. GUM'IN, n. [add.] Oil of cumin, an oxygenated essential oil obtained from the seeds of cumin ; it is an hyduret of cumyle. — Essence of cumin, a substance obtained from cumin-seeds. It con- tains two oils, viz., cuminole, which is the true oil of cumin, and cumen or cymen, isomeric with camphogen. CUM'INUiM CYM'INUiM, n. Cumin, an umbelliferous plant. [See Cumin.] GUM'MER, n. A midwife; a gossip. [Scotch.] GUM'SHAW, n. In the East Indies, a present. GUMYLE, n. The hypothetical radical of a series of compounds procured from the seeds of the Cumimnn cyminum. GUNAB'ULA,H.ij/wr.[L. a cradle; Fr. cunables.] A term applied to the copies now existing of the tirst printed books, or to such as were printed in the 15th century. GUNGTATIVE,t a. Cautiously slow; dilatory. CU'NEIFORM, or CUNEIFORM, a. [add.J Cuneiform bones, the name given to three bones of the foot, from their wedge-like shape, viz., the inner, middle, and outer cuneiform bones. They are situated at the fore-part of the tarsus and inner side of the os-cuboides, and are applied to each other like the stones of an arch. CUNETTE. n. [Fr.l In fort., a deep trench sunk along the middle of a dry moat, to make the passage more diffi- cult. -CUP- AND -SAUCER LIMPET, n. The popular name of sliells of the genus Calyptra^a, so called from their limpet-like shell having a half-cup-like process in the interior. GUP'-BOAKD, pron. kub -bOrd. G UP'FUL, a. As much as a cup holds. CU'POLA, v. [add.] The round top of a structure ; as, the cupola of a fur- 7 K CURCULIO CURRENT CURVE nace. — lo anat., the dome-Kke extre- mity of the canal of the cochlea. — 2. An iron-founding furnace. CU'POLAED,t a. instead of €UTO- LAlD,t a. CU'POX, u. [Fr.] A word used inshare- broking or railway transactions. [See Coupon in this Supp.] €U'PULA, n. [L.] In bot, a form of involucrum, occurring in the oak, the beech, and the hazel, and consisting of bracts, not much de^loped, till after flowering, when they ^cohere by their bases, and form a kind of cup. CU'PULE, n. [add.] [See Cupula.] CUPULIF'EROUS, a. In bot., bearing cupules. €URABIL'ITy, a. Quality of being curable. CURACOA', Jt. (kura-so'.) A liqueur or cordial flavoured with orange-peel, cin- namon, and mace, prepared by the Dutch, and so named from the island of Curacoa, where it is best made. €U'RARINE, 71. An alkaloid extracted from the ourari or curari poison, de- rived from the Strt/chnos toxifera. It forms a yellowish araorplious bitter mass, which is more poisonous than the curari which vields it. CUKAS'SOW', n. [add.] The crested curassow is the Crax alector. a native of Guiana, Mexico, and Brazil ; the red curassow is t!ie Crax rubra^ about Crested Cuiasow, Craz alector. the size of a tmkey, an inhabitant of South America; the galeated curassow is the Onrax pauxi, an inhabitant of Mexico (the bird called ciisheic-bird in the Diet.) €U'RAT,t ) A • re 1 •t'U'RIET+ ("■ ^ ^'"""^ss. [Spenser.] €U'RATE, n. [add.] There are two kinds of curates, stipendiary and per- petual curates. A stipendiary curate is one who is hired by the rector or vicar to serve for him, and may be re- moved at pleasure ; a perpetual curate, is one who is not dependent on the rector, but is supported by a part of the tithes or otherwise. €URA'TION,t « Cure; beaiing. [Chaucer."] CURB, n. [add.] The outer edge of a foot -pavement ; a cm'b-stoiie. CURB, V. i. To bend; to truckle. [Shak.] CURB' ABLE, a. Capable of being curbed or restrained. [Har. us.} CURCH, H. (kurtsb.) [Gael, and Fr.] A kerchief ; a woman's covering for the head ; an inner linen cap. [Scotch.] CURCU'LIO. \}t. [add.] The eURCULlO'NID.E, f snout -beetles, one of the most extensive famihes of coleopterous insects. About 8000 species are described. They form nu- merous genera, all found on plants. [See cut in I>ict. Russcophores.] CURCU'MA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Zingiberaceaj. The species arestemless plants with tuberose roots. C. zerumbet and C zedoaria furnish the zedoary of the shops. C. rubesceus is a native of Bengal ; it is an aromatic plant, and its pendulous tubers, as well as those of several ether species of curcuma, yield starch, and are em- ployed by the natives for preparing arrow-root. C. amada, mango-ginger, a native of Bengal, is used for the same purposes us ginger. [See Ccb- CUMA LONGA.] CURCU'MA-PAPER, n. Paper stahaed vi-ith a decoction of tuimeric acid, and used as a test by chemists of free alkali, by the acrion of which it is stained brown. CUReU'MINE, n. The colouring mat- ter of turmeric. CURD'IISESS, n. State of being curdy. CURD'LESS, a. Destitute of curd. CURE, n. (ku'-ra.) [Fr.] A curate; a parson. CURE, V. i. To become well ; to be cured. [Shah.] CURE.f n. [Fr.J Care. [Chaucer.] CURFUF'FLE, r. t. To ruffle; to rumple ; to put in a disordered or tumbled state. [5co/cA.] CU'RIA, n. plur. Curice. [L.] In law, a court; a court, senate, or council house. CURIOS'ITT, n. [add.] Fastidiousness. [Shak.] €U'RIOUS, a. [add.] Ridiculously odd or strange. CURL, V. i. [add.] To play at the game called curling. [Scotch.] CURL'EDNESS, ti. State of being curled. [Lit. us.] CURLER, H. [add.] Ue or that which curls. CUR'LEW, n. [add.] The common cur- lew is the \umenius arquata. which is met with in most pai-ts of Europe. In Britain during the summer the curlews frequent the large heathy and boggj- mooi-s, and in autumn and winter they depaj't to the sea-side in great numbers. The lesser curlew, or whimbrel, is tlie Kumenius ph^opus. CUR LIEWUR'LIES, n. Fantastic cir- cular ornaments. [Scotch.] CURML'RRING, ppr. andn. Grumb- ling. [Scotch.] CURN, n. A quantity; an indefinite number. [Scotch.] CURFIN, n. The rump of a fowl; often applied in a ludicrous sense to the tail or buttocks of man; a crupper. [Scotch.] CUR'RACH, 71. A coracle, or small skiff ; a boat of wicker-work, covered with hides. [6'co/cA.] CUR RACK, H. A small cart made of twigs. [Scotch.] CUR'RANT-JELLT, n. JeUy made of the juice of currants. CUR'RANT-"\VIiS'E, n. "Wine made of currants. CURRENCY, n. [add.] Metallic cur- rency, the gold, silver, and copper in circulation in any country. — Paper cur- rency, that which passes cxurent as a substitute for money or a representative of it. Paper currency may be divided into bank currency, as the notes of the Bank of England, and the notes of other banks, whether private or joint-stock; and private paper currency, which con- sists of bills of exchange, and cheques upon bankers. CURRENT, n. [add.] Electrical cur- rent, the passage of the electric fluid from one pole of an apparatus to the 122 other. — Atmospheric currents, disturb- ances of the atmospheric mass from re- gular or accidental causes, and which constitute winds. — Subterranean cur^ rents, currents of water below the sur- face of the ground, supposed to be the cause of the formation of caverns in limestone-districts, by gradually wear- ing away the rock in the course of fissures. CURTIENT - TVATER, n. Running water: opposed to stagttant water. CUR'RY, n. [add.] A kind of sauco much used in India, containiog cayenne- pepper, garlic, tiurmerie, coriander- seed, ginger, and other strong spices. It is poured on the food, which is hence spoken of as curried rice, fowl, &c. Also, a stew of fish, fowl, &c., cooked with currv- sauce. CURSO'RES, n. [L. runners.] The coursers, an order of birds, so named from their remarkable velocity in run- ning. The wings are but little deve- loped, and are totally incapable of rais- ing the birds from the ground. The utmost that the wings can accomplish is to assist the powerful run, which is eflected by the strong and highly-de- veloped legs. The order comprises the ostrich, the cassoawry, the emu. and the apterj-x. — 2. A name given to those spiders which make no webs, but catch their prey by swift pursuit, such as the wolf-spider (Lvcosa). CURSO'RIA, 71. A family of orthopte- rous insects, the legs of winch are all alike, and adapted for running. It com- prises the earwig, the cockroach, and the mantis. CUR'SUS, H. [L.] A course; a race. CURT., contraction for current, used in correspondence, &c., to signify the pre- sent month. Inst, for instant, is also used to denote the current month, but the distinction between inst. and curt. is that the former denotes that the day of the month named is past, and the latter, that it is not vet arrived. CURTAlL'ER, n. One who curtails; one who cuts off or shortens anything. CURT ALL-DOG. See Cdrtail-Dog. CURT' ATE, a. [add.] A term some- times applied in geom. and astr. to a line projected orthographically upon a plane. CURTEIN', \n. The name given to CURTA'NA, i the first or pointless sword, carried before the kings of Eng- land at their coronation, and emble- matically considered as the sword of mercy. It is also called the sword of Edwai'd the Confessor. CURT'EIS,t (I- [Fr.] Courteous. [Chaucer.] CURT ESY, n. Same as Cocbtest. [Sec CouRTESV in Diet, and Supp.] CURT'NESS, n. [add.] Conciseness. CURTSY. See Cocbtest. CURVE, n. [add.] Algebraic curves, those in which the relation between the abscissa and the ordinate is ex- pressed by an aly;ebraic equation, called the equation of the curve.— Transcen- dental curves, those in which the rela- tion between the abscissa and the or- dinate is not expressed by an algebi-aic, but by a differential equation. — Alge- braic curves of the Jirst order, those of which the equation consists of two di- mensions, as the circle, ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola. — Algebraic curves of the second order, those whose equation rises to the third degree, and so on. — Curves are said to be of the same species, in which the motion of the describing CDSPIDATI point is regulated by tlie same mathe- matical law. — Mechanical curves are such as do not admit of being expressed analj'tically, and which have no known equation. CURVED, pp. or a. [add.] Curved surface. [See under Surface.] eUKVEDNESS, n. The state of being curved. [Lit. vs.] eURVICAU'DATE, n. [L. cnmis, and caudits.] Curve-tailed. CURVieOS TATE, n. [L. oirvus, and casta.'] Marlced with small bent ribs. eURVfDENTATE, a. [L. curvus, and dens.] Having curved teetli. CURVIFO'LIATE, n. | L. curvus, .and folium.] Having reflected leaves. CURVILIN'EAD, n. An instrument for describing curves. eURVINER'VATE, a. [L. CKrim, and nervits.] Having the veins or nervures curved. CURVIROS TKAL, a. [L. curvus, and rostrum.] Having a crooked beak, as the cross-bills. CUS'CO-CHINA,^ n. A bark resem- eOS'CO-BARK, ) bling cinchona, which comes from Cuzco in the southern parts of Lower Peru, and is exported from Arequipa, but tlie tree which yields it is altogetlier unknown. It contains a peculiar alkaloid called cusco- cinchonia, or cusconina, which resem- bles cinchonine in its physical qualities, but differs from it in its chemical habi- tudes. When applied medicinally, it excites warmth in the system, and is therefore recommended to be given in cold intermittents, and low typhoid states of the system. CUS'CUS, n. A genus of marsupial quad- rupeds found in the Eastern Islands. They have prehensile tails, and Jive niucli in trees. CUS'CUTA, n. Dodder, a genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Cus- cutaceae. [See Cuscutace.1:, and Dod- der.] eySH'ION, V. t. [add.] To furnish with cushions; as, to cushion a seat ; to cushion a chaise. CySH'ION, n. [add.] The rubber of an electrical machine. CySH'ION-CAF'ITAL, n. In arch., a capital so sculptured as to appear like a cushion pressed upon, very common CTJSTOM-TIOUSE CUTTY KoTiian Cushion -capital. In Indian buildings; also applied tn the Norman capital, consistin,^ of !i cube rounded ofF at its lower extremi- ties. €lJSH'IONED, pp. or a. [add.] Fur- nished with cushions. €ySiriON-KAFTEK, n. In arch., a principal brace. eUSPA'RIA-BARK, v. Angostura- bark, — ivJiich see in tliis Supp. eUSP'ARINE, n. Same as Angostu- BiNE, — tvkick see in this Supp. OUSFIDA'TI, 7?. 2^h'r. [L. cusjns, n point.] The canine or eye teeth. eUuloiiR, }" AstaUion. [Scotch.] eUS'TAUD-GOFFIN, n. A cant term used by Shakspeare for a piece of raised pastry, or upper crust, which covers (coffins) a custard. GUS'TODE, 77. See Custouian. GUSTO'DIA, 77. [L.] The shrine or receptacle for the host in Spanish churches. GUSTO'DIAN, 77. One who has the care or custody of some public build- in», &c. [Rare.] GUSTO'DIER, 77. A keeper; i guar- dian ; one who has the care or custody of anything. eUSTOM,'77. [add.] Customs, in the plural, the habitual practices or usages, the established and general modes of action which fibtain among communi- ties of men. — In law, customs or usages are either general or local. General customs or usages are tliose whicli have prevailed in England from time immemorial, nnd form that common- law, or lex lion scriptUy which is the chief foundation of English jurispru- dence. To like immemorial usage is to be ascribed also various parts of the civil and canon law. Local customs are those usages which exist in par- ticular districts. General customs are determined by the judges; local cus- toms by a jury. An exception to this rule, however, is to be found in the custom of the city of London^ which, if questioned, is established by certificate of the lord-mayor and aldermen, with the exception of those customs from which the corporation itself claims a benefit. — Tlie custom of the countrij means the custom of all parts of the country to which it can in its nature be applied. — The custom nf merchants, or lex mercatoria, comprehends the laws relating to bills of exchange, mercantile contracts, sale, purchase, and barter of goods, freight, insurance, &c. €US'TOM_, 77. [add.] Customs, in the United Kingdom, almost entirely con- sist of taxes or duties charged on the importation for consumption of foreign and colonial merchandise. The term customs is also applied to denote the dues levied, in certain coi'porate towns, on goods brought from the country to the public market. €US'TOM,t V. t. To pay duty at the custom-house. GUS'TOMABLE, a. [add.] Subject to the payment of the duties called cus- toms. [American.] GUS'TOMARY-FREEHOLB, n. In laio, a superior kind of copyhold; the tenant holding, as it is expressed, by copy of court-rnl], but not at the will of the lord, the tenant so holding being called a customarji tenant. GUS'TOM-DUTIES, n. Taxes levied on goods and produce brought for con- sumption from foreign countries, or on exports. [See Customs under Custom in Diet, and in this Supp.] GUS'TOMER, 77. [add.J A common or lewd woman. [Shak.] — In cant Ian., one that a person has to deal with, or one that comes across a person. In use itanswers nearlytotheword/e?/o7('; as, a queer customer; an ugly customer. €US'TOMER,t a. [Fr.] Accustomed. [Chaucer.] GUS'TOM-HOUSE, n. [add.] In com- mon jiarlance, the whole establishment by means of which the customs-revenue is collected, and its regulations en- forced. 123 €US'_TOS, n. [add.] The offices oicustos brevium in the court of king's (queen's) bench, and in the court of common- pleas, no longer exist. They were abolished by the Act 1 "\Vm. IV., c. 58. — Gustos rofulorum, the chief civil officer of the county, who is the keeper of the records or rolls of the session. He must be always a justice of the peace and quorum, in the county for which he is appointed. GUT, V. t. [add.] To cut capers, to leap OP dance in a frolicsome manner; to frisk about. — To cut out a ship, to enter a harbour, and seize and carry off a ship by sudden attack. — To cut a dash, to make a great show ; to make a figure. [Colloq.] — To cut a Jigure, to make an appearance, either good or bad. [Colloq.] GUT, V. i. [add.] To perform a surgical operation by cutting, especially in lithotomy; to interfere; as, a horse that cuts. To run. [Vulgar.] — To cut and run, to be off; to be gone. [Vul- gar.] — To cut up, to criticise with se- verity ; as, the book was completely cut up by the reviewer. GUT, n. [add.] To draw cuts, to draw lots, as of paper, ike, cut of unequal lengths.— 0/(-a7jrf-/on/7-^fl77, in Shak- speare, men of all kinds ; a proverbial expression borrowed from dogs. — The cut of one's jib, the form of one's pro- file, the cast of his countenance; as, I knew him by the cut of his jib, [A nautical phrase.] GUTA'NEOUS, a. [add.] External. GUTCH'ERY, n. In the £ast Indies, a court of justice, or public office. GUTEE', 77. One who is cut, shunned, or avoided. [A cant word.] GU'TIS, n. [L.] Tiie dermis or true skin, as distinguished from the cuticle, epidermis, or scarf-skin. It is some- times called cutis-vera. GUT^'LASS, 77. [add.] A broad curving sword used by cavalry- soldier.'^. GUT'-LUGGED, a. Crop-eared. [Scotch.] GUTTER-BAR, n. Id medi., the bar of a boring-machine, in which the cutters, or cutting tools, arefixed, corresponding to the boring-bar of the boring-mill, for boring steam-cylinders, &c. The (cutters are fixed J, directly in re- Jlz.- -» cesses made in ; i ;' j the cutter-bar, I Jj as represented by the fig., in which a is the cutter fixed in its place by the key 6. In the case of the boring- bar the cutters are fixed round the circumference of a boring-block, which is carried along the bar by a parallel screw. GUT^TING, ppr. or a. [add.] Cutiing- doion line, in ship-building, a curve in the sheer-draught corresponding to the upper surface of the throats of the floors amid-ships, and to the under side of the keelson. GUT;TING, n. [add.J in gardening, u. portion of a plant from which a new individual is propagated when placed in the earth. — An excavation made through a hill or rising ground, in con- structing a road, railway, canal, &c. — The action of a horse when he strikes the inner and lower part of the fetlock- joint with his hoof while travelling. €UT'TLE-_B0NE, 77. The dorsal plate of the Sepia o^fficinalis, formerly much used in medicine as an absorbent. CUT'TY, H. A slut; a worthless girl; CTCLOID CTJIBELLA CYPRXJS-BIKD a loose woman; a spoon; a tobacco- pipe, CM* or broken short. [5co(cA.] eUTTY, a. Short ; as, a ciitfy spoon. [Scotch.] €UT'TT-STOOL, n. A small raised seat or gallery in old Scottish churches, where acknowledged offenders against chastity were formerly seated dnriiis three Sundays, and publicly rebuked by their minister; a short-legged stooL [See Stool.] IScoich.] €ttT'WAL, n. In the East Indies, the chief police-officer of a large city. €TJT'WORM, n. A worm or insect destructive to the young plants of cab- bage, corn, beans, &c., most probably the larva of an elater. eUVETTE', 11. [Fr.] A surgical instru- ment, shaped like a little scoop, used in taking away the opaque matter that may be left after extracting a cataract from the eye. €UZ'€0-BAKK, n. See Cusco-Chisa in this Supp. eWT. An abbreviation of hundred- weight. CT'A MUS, n. A genus of laemodipodous Crustacea, the speciesof which are para- sites on the whale. They are called uhale-lice. CYANHTD'RI€, a. In chem., another term for hydrocyanic, or prussic. CY'ANIDE, n. [Gr. «u«v»:, blue, iSk., form.] In chem., a combination of cyanogen with a metallic base ; as, the cyanide of silver, of copper, &c. CYANO. A prefiix from the Gr. xtxtrK, blue, denoting a clear, bright, blue colour. CYANOP'ATHY, n. [Gr. «:,».«, blue, and a-ife,-, disease.] Blue disease. [See Ctanosis in this SupP- ' CYANOSIS, n. [Gr. »»«.«, blue, and torn;, disease.] The blue disease ; the blue jaundice of the ancients ; a disease in which the complexion assumes a blue or lead colour. CYAN OTYPE, n. [Cyanide, and Gr. »i.T»,-, type.] A name given to a class of photographic substances, prepared generally by washing paper with cyan- ide of potassium. CYA'THEA, 11. A genus of ferns, order Polypodiacese. The species are arbor- escent, and the trunks are often beauti- fully mai'ked with the scars of the fallen fronds. They are found most highly developed in tropical climates. C. arhnrea is the tree-fern. CY't'AS, n. A genus of plants, nat. or- der Cycadaceje. The species abound in a mucilaginous nauseous juice. [See Ctcad.\ce.e.] CYt LA'MEN, 71. Sow-bread, a genus of plants, nat. order Priraulaceae. The species are herbaceous humble plants, with very handsome flowers. [See Sow- Bre.id.1 CY€LANTHA'CE-E, n. A nat order of plants, allied to Pandanacese. The species inhabit tropical America ; they are but little known. CY€'LI€.\, n. [Gr. «k*x«. a circle.] A family of tetramerous coleopterous in- sects, with bodies of a rounded or oval form. It contains the tortoise-beetles (Cassida) and chrvsomel^e. CYtLOBRANCHIA'TA, n. [Gr. «=,«- x«, a circle, and ySji^;^!!, gills.] An order of gastropods, in which the organs of respiration, or branchite, form a fringe around the body of the animal, between the edge of the body and the foot. The order consists principally of the limpets. CY'€LOID, n. Instead of "the circle B C X," read " B D A ;" and instead of " the curved line A. C \ G A," read *' A C A A ^ CYCLOID, a. [Gr. imxuk, circle, and uJ«,-,form.] Resembling a circle ; having a circular form ; belonging to the order Cvcloidians. CY€L01D'IAN, a. Pertaining to the order of iishes termed Cvcloidians. CTGLOID'I-iNS, n. [add.l The fourth order of fishes according to the arrange- ment of M. Agassiz, having smooth scales, as the salmon and herring. CYCLOPED IC a. Belonging to a cyclopedia. CY€LOS'TOM.\,insteadofCYeLOS- TOMA. CY€LOS'TOMES, instead of CY- €LOSTOJIES. CYCLOS'TOMOUS, instead of CY- ■CLOSTOMOUS. Cl'eLOTEL'LA, «. In hot., a genus of Diatomace;e, of a circular form. CYDO'NIA VULG-VTIIS, instead of CYDO NIA VULGARIS. CYG'NES, n. The swan, a genus of web-footed birds belonging to the ana- tidae or duck family. [See Swax.^^ — 2. A northern constellation containing eighty-one stars. The bright stars in .\quila, Lyra, and Cygnus, form a | remarkable triangle. I CY'LAS, n. In anc. armour, a military garment similar to the surcoat, but fre- quently shorter in front than behind, for the purpose, apparently, of exhibit- ing the ornamented juppon. It was later in date than the surcoat. ' CYL'INDER, 11. [add.] Cylinder of a steam-engine, a large cylindrical tube of metal bored to the diameter required, in which the piston moves by the alter- nate admission and condensation of steam, and communicates motion to the machinery. [See Steam-Exgixe.] CYL'INDER -ESe.\PEMENT, in- stead of CYLINDEK-ESeAPE- MENT. CYLINDER-FACES, n. The port- faces of the steam-cylinder of a steam- engine; that is, the smooth surfaces against which the faces of the slide- valve work. CYLIN'DRieAL LENSES, n. Lenses made by grinding each of the opposite surfaces of a plate of glass in the form of the segment obtained by cut- ting a cylinder by a plane parallel to its axis. Two segments thus formed being placed with their plane surfaces in con- tact, in such a way that straight lines parallel to the axis of the cylinder be- ing drawn on the convex surface of the one, may be at right angles to lines similarly drawn on the other, would constitute a cylindrical lens. Lenses of this kind have been employed as eye-glasses in spectacles, in place of the usual spherical lenses. CYLIN'DKICALLY, adv. In the man- ner of a cylinder. CYL'INDKOID, instead of CYLIN- DROID'. CYLINDROMETRie, instead of CYLINT)ROMET IC. CYMATOPLEU BA,ii. In 6o(.,agenu3 of Diatomaceous plants, founded on Xavicula librilis of Ehrenberg, and some allied species. CYJI'BA, n. A genus of mollusca be- longing to the family Volutidae. The shell is obovate, tumid, ventricose, and covered with a strong epidermis ; pillar four-plaited. Found on the African j coast. CYJIBEL'LA, n. In hot., a genus of 121 Diatomace«, founded on Navicula incequalis of Ehrenberg, and some others. CYMl'NUM. See Cumin. CYNAR'RHODOX, ) n. [Gr. ««. a CYN ARR HO DIUM, ) dog, and ^.,, a rose.] In hot., a kind of fruit formed of many distinct, hard, indehiscent peri- carps, inclosed within the fleshy tabo of the calyx ; as in the rose, &c. CYN'I€, a. Pertaining to the Dog-star. — Cynic year, the Sothiac, or Sothic vear, or canicular year. [See Sothiac] CYNIP'ID^. n. [From cj/nip.!, the gall- fly.] The gall-flies, a hymenopterous family of entomophagous terebrantia, which, by means of their ovipositor, form tumours on plants, commonly called galls, or nut-galls. The gall of commerce, the chief ingredient in the manufacture of ink, is caused by the cynips {Gallce tinctoria) piercing a spe- cies of oak. CYNOCEPH'ALUS, n. [Gr. >»», a dog, and »s;xJni, the head.] A genus of baboons, baring a head shaped like that of a dog. [See Baboox.] CYN'ODON, n. Dog's-tooth grass, a genus of grasses. C. daclylon, creep- ing dog's-tooth grass, is a British plant. C. linearis, durra-grass, is a native of the East. CYNOGLOS'STIM, n. [add.] C. officin- ale and C. montanum are British plants. The former has a disagreeable smell, like that from mice, and was at one time used as a remedy in scrofula. >■ There are about fifty other species of cynoglossum, all coarse plants. CYNOG'BAPHY, n. [Gr. x-.,:.., a dog, and >■{«?». to write.] A history of the dog. CYNOREX'1.4., n. [Gr. x^i.<, a dog, and •=•{<,-. appetite.] Canine appetite. CYNOSU'RA, n. See CrxoscBE. CYNOSURES, n. Dog's-tail grass, a genus of grasses. C. cristatus and C. echinatus are British species. [See Dog's-tail Grass.] CYNTHIA, ri. In myth., one of the names given to Diana. — In zool., a sub- genus of ascididae, and a genus of lepidopterons insects, containing the painted lady-butterfly {Cynthia car- dui). CYPETIUS, n. A genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Cyperaceie ; C. longus and C. fuscus are rare British plants. [See Galisgale.] CYPHEL'L^, n. [Gr. x^ikxi, the hol- lows of the ears.] Pale tubercle-like spots on the under surface of the thal- lus of lichens. CYPR.5:'A, n. The cowry, a genus of I mollusca, the type of the family Cy- ' praidai- [See Cowry.] CY PRt:S. (se-pra'.) [Old Fr., as near to.] In law, an equitable doctrine thus I applied : — When there is an excess in an appointment mider a power exe- cuted by will, affecting real estate, the ' court will carry the power out as near I to {cy pi is) the testator's intention as practicable, and prevent such excess disappointing the general design. This doctrine is not applicable to personalty, ' but is confined to wills. In regard to charitable legacies, where a literal exe- cution becomes inexpedient or imprac- ticable, the court will execute it as : nearly as it can, according to the origi- nal purpose, or, as the technical expres- ! sion is, cy prh: CY PRESS, a. Belonging to, or made of I cvpress. CYPRUS -BIRD, n. The black-cap DAGON DAK DAMAGE-CLEEK (Sylvia atricapiUa), so named from its frequency in the isle of Cyprus. CTP'SELA, n. [Gr. m-W-v, any liollow vessel.] In 6of., a one-celled, one-seeded, indehiscent, inferior fruit, with the in- teguments of the seed not coherina with the endocarp, and of which the ovary was compound, or furnished with two or more styles or stigmas, as the fruit of the composite: it only ditfers from an achenium by being inferior, and having had more than one style or stig- ma, and is seldom distinguished. CIP'SELUS, n. The swift, a genus of swall(3ws. [.See Swift. 1 CYRTANDRA'CE^E, n. A small nat. order of plants, very closely allied to Bignoniacese. The species are herba- ceous plants, chiefly inhabiting the East Indies. They are all beautiful in their flowers, but they are of no known use. CYSTE'A, n. Bladder-fern, a genus of plants; same as Cystopteris. [See Bladdee-Fern in this Supp.} CYSTICA, n. [Gr. ,ur«<, a bladder.] An order of entozoa, in which the body is terminated by a cyst peculiar to one individual, or common to many. The hy- datid in the brain of sheep is an example. CYSTICER'€US, n. [add.] A cystose bladder, containing an unattached and almost always solitary animal. CYST'INE, n. A kind of calculus formed in the human bladder. It was formerly called cystic oxide. CYSTIRRHCEA, n. [Gr. «»jr«, a blad- der, and p£«, to flow.] Catari'h of the bladder. CYST'IS, n. [L. from Gr. Kt/rrn, a blad- der.] A bladder. CYSTI'TIS, u. Inflammation of the bladder. CYST'ITOME, n. [Gr. «y,rTi.-, and «^, section.] An instrument for opening the capsule of the crystalline lens. CYST'OCARP, n. Among the alga, same as Conceptacle, — which see. CYSTOP'TERIS, n. Bladder-fern, a genus of ferns belonging to the tribe AspidieK. C. fraijilis, brittle-fern, is a British species. CYST'OSE, a. Containing cysts. CYST'ULA, n. A round closed apo- thecium in lichens. The term is also applied to the little open cups on the upper surface of the fronds in Mar- chantia. CY'TISUS, n. Broom, a genus of plants, nat. order Leguminosse. [See Broom.] CY'TOBLAST, n. [Gr. «■,««, a cavity, and l3>.xirTxia, to sprout.] The name given by Schleiden to a nucleus ob- served in the centre of some of the bladders of the cellular tissue of plants, regarded by him as a universal elemen- tary organ, and as the formation-point of all vegetable tissue. D. DAB, n. [add.] A name common to all the species of fish of the genus Pleu- ronectes, but especially applied to the P. limanda, Linn., called also the salt- water flounder or fluke. DAB, \v. i. To peck, as birds do. DAUB, / [Scotch.] DABOi'CIA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order EricaceiB. There is but one species, D. pol/zfolia, a native of Ire- land and the Pyrenees, and called in the former country, Irish whorts, and St. Dabeoc's heath. DABS, n. Small bits or specks stuck upon anything. [Scotch.] DACK'ER, {v. i. To search, as for DaIK'ER, ) stolen or smuggled gouda. [Scotch.] DA€'TYL,t f . i. To run nimbly ; to bound. DA€TYL'I€, a. instead of DAC- TYLIC. DACTYL'I€, n. A line consisting chiefly or wholly of dactyls. DACTYL'ICS, n. Metres which con- sist of a repetition of dactyls or equiva- lent feet. DA€'TYLIS, n. Cock's-foot grass, a genus of grasses. [See Cock's-foot Grass.] DADDY- LONG-LEGS, n. A name given to species of the crane-fly( Tipula oleracea, &c.) D^'DALOUS. See Dedalous. DAF'FIN, 71. Thoughtless gaiety ; foolish playfulness; fool- ery. [Scotch.] DAGG£,tn. See Dag. [Chaucer.] DAGGES,)!. [See Dao, v. t.] The ornamental cut- ting of the edges of garments, in- troduced about r??^9;^« T DagBe«,froiiiaieUatIdaiiMa. DA GON, n. In 7:ii/th., one of the principal divinities of the ancient Phoenicians. He was re- presented as halfman and half-fish. Dagon, Irom Calinet. '' Behold Dagon was fallen upon his face to the earth before the ark of the Lord" (1 Sam. v. 3). DA'GON,t n. A slip or piece. [Chau- cer.] DAGUERRE'IAN, a. Pertaining to Daguerre, or to his invention of the daguerreotype. DaI'DLE, d. t. To draggle ; to beniire one's clothes; to mismanage. — As a verb iieuter, to be slow in motion or action. [Scotch.] DaI'DLING, ppr. or a. Loitering; sauntering ; getting on in a lazy, care- less way. [Scotch.] DaI'KER, v. i. To toil, as in job-work. [See Dackeb in this Supp.] [Scotch.] DAI'LINESS, 71. Daily occurrence. [Rar. us.] DAIN'TIE,+ «. Dainty; delicate; ele- gant. [Si^enser.] DaI'RY, a. Belonging to the business of managing milk, and making butter and cheese. DA'IS, n. [add.] A canopy or covering. DAK, ) n. In the East Indies, the DAWK, $ post; or a relay of men, as for carrying letters, despatches, and travellers. The most common descrip- tion of dah is the foot-runner, who carries letters in a bag, and runs for an hour or two, at the rate of nearly fom- 125 miles an hour, transferring his charge to another who stands at a given point prepared to relieve him. In some places there are horse-daks, or mounted runners. — Travelling dah means jour- neying by palankeen. — Dak-bungalow, a house for rest and refreshment at the end of a stage, to those who jour- ney by palankeen. DAL, 71. A sort of East Indian vetch. DAL'LIANCE, n. [add.] Trifling. D.\LMA'TIAN DOG, n. A variety of the canine race, known also by the names of Da/iish, spotted, or coach dog. It is distinguished from all other varieties by its numerous black spots. Its form is rather elegant, partaking both of the hound and pointer. It is kept chiefly as an appendage to the carriage, and shows an instinctive fond- ness for the stable. DALMAT'I€A, 1 n. A long white gown DALMATIC, / with sleeves, worn over the alb and stole by deacons in the Roman Catholic church. It was imi- tated from a dress originally worn in Dalmatia. A similar robe was worn by kings in the middle ages at corona- tions, and other solemnities. DALT, n. A foster-child. [Scotch.] DAMAGE - €LEER, ;i. [L. damTia clevicoru77t.] In law, a fee formerly as- sessed of the tenth part in the common pleas, and the twentieth part in the DANAIDE DAPHKIA DASTOKNIS king's bench and exchequer, ont of all damages exceeding five merks re- coTered in those courts, in actions npon the case, covenant, trespass, &c., wherein the damages were uncertain. It was a gratuity given to the protho- notaries and their clerks, for drawing special writs and pleadings ; but it is now taken awav by statute. DAM'AGE-FE.JL'SANT,/!. [add.] ThU term is used when a stranger's beasts are found in another person's ground without his leave or license, and there doing damage, by feeding or otherwise, to the grass, corn, wood, &c. In this case the person damaged may distrain and impound them, as well by night as in the dav. DAM'AGES, 71. plur. [L. damna.\ In /aip, the recompense awarded by a jury to a plaintiff in certain forms of action, for the loss or damage he has sustained by the defendant; as for a battery, false imprisonment, trespass, breach of promise, &c. DA'MAN, n. A pachydermatous ani- mal, of the genus Hyrax, the H. cap- enxis, or Cape hyrax. In size and colour it resembles a rabbit. One of the species is the coney of Scripture (Hi/rai s^acus). DA'MAR, I n. [add.] It is also much DAM'MAR, ) used along with m.istic in making colourless or crystal varnish for varnishing paper-works, such as maps, &c. DAMASCENE, a. Relating to Damas- cus. DAJI'ASK, n. [add.] Linen damask is used for table-cloths and napkins. — Silk damask was for a long time used as dresses for ladies of rank, on all oc- casions of ceremony. The damask employed for bed and window curtains, &c., is made of a mixture of sUk, with fla.x, cotton, or wool, sometimes of wool, and sometimes of cotton only. The manufacture of damask is now successfully carried on in Scotland and Ireland. — Damask - water j perfumed water. DAM'ASK, a. Of the colour of damask, or of the rose so called. DAM'ASK-KOSE, n. [add.] The Rosa damascena. DAMMAR. See Damab. DA.M'.MAK-PINE, ) n. The Dammara DAM'MAKA, j orientalis, Mir- bel, Pimis dammara, Linn., Agathis loranthifolia of others; a large tree be- longing to the nat. order of Conifers, found on the summits of the moun- tains of Amboyna, Ternate, and in many of the Molucca Islands. It is chietly valuable on account of its resin, which, when pure, is white, clear, and brittle as glass, but iu time becomes amber-coloured. D.A.M'MER, n. A miner. [Scotch.] DAM'MEK, n. A stun; confusion by striking on the head. [5co(<;A.] DAM'NIFYDE, pp. for Dajisified. [Spenser.'] DAM'OSELjf n. A young unmarried woman; a damsel. DAMP'ER, n. [add.] He or that which damps, checks, or discouraeres. DAMP'NE, I', t. To condemn. [Chau- cer.] Dan 'AIDE, n. \ hydraulic machine belonging to the class of horizontal wheels, and of wliich there are many forms. It consists, however, essentially of a vertical axis with a double conical casing attached. The space between the two casing-cones is intersected bv division plates, which form conduits for the water to pass from top to bottom. The water enters at top in a jet, as nearly tangential to the cone as possible. and by its momentum imparts motion to the wheel. Tiiis machine has not hitherto been vei-y successfully applied in practice. DA'NAITE, n. An arsenical sulphuret of iron. DANCE OF DEATH, n. In allegorical painting, a subject very frequently met with in ancient buildings, stained glass, and in the decorations of manuscripts. DANDER, n. In vulgar Ian., anger; passion. — Also, scurf; dandruff. DANT)ERING,/)pr.Sauntering; roam- ing idly from place to place. [Scotch.] DAN DERS, n. Cinders; refuse of a smith's fire. [Scotch. \ DANDIFY, f. (. To make or form like a dandy. DAN'DILY, a. Celebrated. — As anoan, one who Ls spoiled or rendered foolish by too much indulgence. [Scotch.] DAN'DLING, ppr. Shaking or jolting on the knee ; moving about for play or for amusement, as an infant. DAN'DLING, n. Act of fondling or jolting on the knee. DAN'DY-€OCK, In. Bautam fowls. DAN-DY-HEN. f [Local.] DAN'DYIZE, V. i. To act like a dandy. [Rar. us.] DAN'DYIZE, r. I. To form like a dandy. [Rar. us.] D.-\.N'DYLISG, n. A little dandy; a ridiculous fop. D.\NE'GELT, n. [add] This tax was at last seven shillings on every hide of land. When the Danes became masters of England, the danegelt was a tax levied by the Danish princes on every hide of land owned by the Anglo-Saxons. D.\NG, )pp. of iJin;/. Struck; subdued; DUNG, ( knocked over. [^co^cA.J DAN'(5ER, n. [add.] Power; as, to come within his danger. [Shak.] D.\N'GLE, V. t. To carry suspended loosely, and with oscillatory motion. DAN'lSK,t a. Danish. [Spenser.] DAN'ISMjt n. [Gr. ixturua, usury.] The act of lending money on ustiry. DANSEUSE', n. [Ft.] A female stage- dancer. DaPE, v. i. Same as Dap, — which see. DAPH'NIA, n. The water-flea, a genus of minute crustaceans, belonging to the order Branchiopoda. The best known species is the D. puler, or arborescent water-flea, which is a favourite micro- scopic object. These insects are very abundant in many ponds and ditches; and, as they assume a red colour in summer, the swarms which abound in stagnant water impart to it the appeai- ance of blood. 126 DARE, f. t. [add.] To venture on; to attempt boldly; to overawe; to dispirit with fear; to daunt. DAKE.t iM'. [Sax.] To stare. [Chaucer.] D.-VRGUE, J n. A day's work; a certain DARG, j quantity of work. [Sco/cA.] DaRK'EN, v. i. [_add.] To make less il- lustrious. Sliak.] D.\RK'Y, n. In the United States, a cant term for a negro. Darn, l p. t. or i. To hide; to conceaL DERN, i [.Scotch.] D,\R'RAYNE, r. t. See Dabbain. [Spenser.] D AR'RED,"!* pp. Darred larks, or dared larks, larks taken by means of a look- ing-glass, called a daring-glass, or a bird of prey. [See Dabe.] DAR'REINE.t v. t. See Dakrain. [Chaucer.] DaR'TARS, n. [Fr. dartres.] A scab or ulceration under the chins of lambs. DaRTER-FISH, n. The Toxotes ja- culator, also called archer-fish. [See TOSOTES.] Darters, n. a genus (Plotus) of web-footed birds of the pelican tribe, found near the eastern coasts of the tropical parts of America, and on the western coast of tropical Africa, as well as in Australia. The general form of their bodies is like that of the gulls; they perch on trees by the sides of lakes, lagoons, and rivers, and after hovering over the water, they suddenly dart at their finny prey with unerring aim; hence the name. The Plotus melano- gaster is called the snake-bird, from the serpent-like form of its head and neck, the head being scarcely thicker than the neck. Dr. Macgillivray gave the name of darters (Jaculatores) to the order of buds containing the king- fishers, bee-eaters, and jacamars, from their habit of darting on their prev. Dart OID TISSUE, n. In anat., the structure of the dartos, which is inter- mediate between muscle and elastic fibrous tissues. DaRT'OS, n. [Gr.ax{«.-.j A contractile fibrous layer, situated immediately be- neath the skin of the scrotum. D.iRTRE, n. [ir.] Herpes or tetter; a term which has been used at difi'erent times to designate almost all cutaneous diseases. DaRT'-SNAKE, n. A name given to serpents of the genus Acontias, from the velocity with which they dart upon their assailants. D.\'SEN,t pres. tense plur. of Dase or Daze. Grow dim-sighted. [Chaucer.] D.-VSH, adv. An expression of the sound of water dashed. D.\SH'-WHEEL, ) n. A hollow cylin- W.4SH-"nil£EL,i der employed lor washing textile goods. It revolves on a horizontal axle in the manner of an ordinary water-wheel, and the goods, which are placed inside, are carried up on the ascending side, to a height pro- portional to the velocity of the wheel ; and thence descending by their own weight, they are kept continually tum- bling over, and are thereby washed, a jet of water being meantime directed into the wheel. The name has refer- ence to the splashing noise produced by the goods in falling during the process. DASYJI'ETER, n. [Gr. »»<.«, dense, and ^Erjai. measure.] An instrument employed for testing the density of the air. [See JIasometer.J D.\SYOR'NIS, ». Bristle-bird, a genu.i of insectivorous birds, belonging to the family of thrushes. They are found DEAD-CENTRES DEAN DEBUTANT throughout the greater part of Southern DASyPEOC'TA, n. [Gr. Ici.j,, hairy, and jrjcxTn, battocks.] A geuus of ro- dents with long hair on the rump, com- monly called Agouti. DAS'YUKE, ) n. [Gr. S»^w, hairy, DASYU'UUS, ) and »;., a tail.] The brush-tailed opossums, a genus of mar- supial animals found in New Holland, and so named in contrast to the opos- sums of the New World (Didelphis), which have naked tails somewhat like rats. DATA'RIA, n. The papal chancery at Rome from which all bulls are issued. DA'TIVE, n. Tlie third case of Latin and Greek nouns. DAUB, n. [add. I A viscous adhesive application ; a smear. DAU'CUS, instead of DAU€US. DAUNT.t "• t. To conquer. [Chaucer.] DaUNT'ER, 71. One who daunts. DAUNT'LESSLY, adv. In a bold, fear- less manner. DAUR, I'. To dare. [Scotch. | DAUW, n. One of the Soutli African zebras, the Equus burchellii, a species only found on the plains. DAVIT, n. [add.] Fish-davit, a spar with a roller or sheave at its end, used for fishing the anchor. DAW, n. [add.] The name without any prefix is often applied to the jack- daw. DAWDLE, 71. A trifler; a dawdler. DAWES,t «■ Plvr. Days. [Chaucer.] DAWK. See Dak. DAY', 71. [add.] Time in general. DaY'-DREAMY, a. Relating to, or abounding in day-dreams. [Rar. us.] DaY'-FLIER, 71. An animal or insect that flies by day. Da Y'-MARE, n. Epkialtes vigilantiiim, a species of incubus which occurs dm-- ing wakefulness. DAYNT,t a. Dainty; fine; delicate. [Spenser.] D A Y'-SIGHT, 71. Another term for nyc- talopia or night-blindness, an aifection of the vision, in which it is dull and confused in the dark, but clear and strong in the day-light. D.D. An abbreviation of divinitatis doctor, doctor of divinity. DEACON, 71. (de'ku.) [add.] In the church of Enrjland, the term deacon designates the lowest of the three orders of priesthood — bishops, priests, and deacons. The deacon may perform all the ordinary otKecs of the Christian priesthood, except consecrating the ele- ments at the administration of the Lord's Supper, and pronouncing the absolution. DEAD, a. [add.] Perfect or complete ; as, a dead level ; a dead certainty ; so, also, a dead shot, that is, a perfect or unerring marksman. — Dead letter, a letter remaining in the post-office un- called for. — Dead-alive, or dead and alive, dull ; inactive ; moping. ( Colloq.] — Dead as a door-nail, utterly, com- pletely dead. [ Vulijar.] DEAD'-BORN, «. Born Ufeless ; still- born. DEAD-CEN'TRES, I ?i. In 7nec/i., those DEAD'-POINTS, ( positions of the arms of a link-motion in which they coincide with the line of centres, that is to say, when the links are in the same straight line. Thus, when the crank and connecting-rod of a steam- engine are in a straight line, the phase is expressed by saying that the engine is on its (upper or loicer) dead-centre, or that the crank is at its {long or short) dead-point. DEAp'-eOL'OURING,7i. In painting, the first layer of colours, usually some sliade of gray, on which are superin- duced the tinisliing colours. DEAD'EN, 1). t. [add] To deprive of gloss or brilliancy, as, to deaden gild- ing by a coat of size. DEAD'ISH, a. Resembling what is dead; dull. DEAD'LY, adv. [add.] Deadly made, made for death, hell, and destruction ; not for life, heaven, and happiness. [Spenser.] DEAD'-MARCH, ti. A piece of solemn music played at funeral processions, especially those of military men. DEAD-ON-END. In maritie Ian., the wind in direct opposition to the ship's course. DEAD' -THRAW,7i. The death-throws ; the last agonies. Applied to inanimate objects, neither dead nor alive ; neither cold nor hot. [6'cofcA.] DEAD'-TOP, H. A disea.se incident to young trees. DEAD'-WEIGHT, 71. A heavy or op- pressive burden. — 2. A name given to an advance by the Bank of England to the government, on account of half-pay and pensions to retired officers of the army or navy. — 3. The lading of q vessel when it consists of heavy goods. DEAD'-WOOD, 71. [add.] Blocks ot timber laid upon the keel, particularly at the extremities, afore and abaft, to a considerable height one above an- other, and into which the two half timbers are secured. They are fast- ened to the keel by strong spikes. DEAFEN, V. t. [add.] To deafen a floor, in arch., is to render it impervious to sound by means of sound-boarding and pugging. DEAFFOR'ESTED, pp. See Disaf- forested. DEAF'-MUTE, 7i. A person who is both deaf and dumb. DEAL, 71. [add.] The usual thickness of deals is three inches, and width nine inches. The standard thickness is one inch and a half, and the standard length twelve feet. — Whole deal, that which is one inch and a quarter thick, and slit- deal, half that thickness. DEAL'-FISII, n. A fish occasionally found on the coasts of Orkney and Shetland ; it is the Bogmarus arcticus of naturalists. DEALT, iJret. and pp. of Deal. Scat- tered; given in succession; traded; con- ducted. DEAN, 71. [add.] In England, there are three classes of ecclesiastical presiden- cies to which the title of deaii belongs: — 1. Rural deans, who were originally beneficed clergymen appointed by the bishop to exercise a certain jurisdiction in districts of his diocese remote from his personal superintendence. Their functions, however, have for many years become almost obsolete. 2. Deans of cathedrals. The dean of a cathedral, is the head of the chapter of canons or prebendaries, and forms, together with them, a council to advise the bishop in the affairs of his see. 3. Deans in pe- culiars, who are deans of particular jiarishes or churches, or rural districts, that have jurisdiction within them- selves, and are not under the ordinary of the diocese, such as the dean of Westminster; the dean of the chapel of St. George, of Windsor ; the dean of Christ church, Oxford; the dean of 127 Middleham, &c. — Deans in the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge are persons appointed to superintend the religious service in the college chapels, to enforce the attendance of the students there, &c. In some colleges the dean is the chief or head of a faculty chosen for a limited period. DEAR, a. [add.] Dear cause, important business. [Shah.] DEARE,+ 71. [See Dehe.] Hurt; trouble, or misfortune. [Sjyenser.] DE AR'EST, a. [Super, of Dear.] Best ; greatest; deadliest. [Shak.] DEAR'LY, adv. [add.] Extremely. [Shah.] DEARN, 71. In arch., a door-post, or threshold. D E A R N ' L Y,t ) adv. Mournfully. DERN'LY,t > [Spemer.] DEAR'Y, 71. A word of eadeai'ment; a dear. [Familiar.] DEAS, 71. See Dais. DE'ASIL, 71. [Gael.] Motion contraiy to that of the sun. DEATH, li. [add.] Anything dreadful as death ; as, it was death to them to think of entertaining such doctrines. [Attcrbun/.'] DEATH'-BELL, n. The bell that an- nounces de.ith ; the passing bell. DEATIl-DEVOT'El-, a. Doomed to death. DEATH'LINESS, 7i. Quality of being deathly. [Rare.] DEATH'LY, a. Fatal ; mortal; deadly. DEATH'-RATTLE,7i. Aratthngin the throat of a dying person. DEATll'-RUCKLE, 71. Death-rattle. [Scotch.] DEATH'S'MAN, ti. An executioner; a hangman ; he who executes the ex- treme penalty of the law. DEATir-WARRANT, 71. An order signed by the sovereign for the execu- tion of a criminal. DEAVE,) V. t. To deafen; to stupify DEVE, i with noise. [Scotch.] DEBATE', 71. [add.] Fight; contest. [Spejiser.] DEBAUCH', V. i. To riot; to revel. DE BE'NE ESSE. [L.] WeU-being; conditional allowance. — In law, to take a thing de bene esse, is to allow or ac- cept of it for the present till the matter shall come to be more fully examined. DEBEN'TUKE, 7i. [add.] In some acts of Parliament, a term used to denote a bond or biU by which the government is charged to pay a creditor, or his as- signs, the money due on auditing his account. DEBITUMlNIZA'T10N,7i. Theactof freeing from bitumen. DEBITU'MINIZE, v. t. To deprive of bitumen. DEBITU'MINIZED, 3)^7. Deprived of bitumeiK DEBONAIR', a. [Fr. debonaire.] Cour- teous; just; elegant; well-bred ; win- ning; accomplished. [Spenser.] DEBONAIR'LY, adv. Courteously; elegantly; winningly; with a genteel air. DEBONAIRNESS, /I. Courtesy; gen- tleness ; kindness ; elegance. DEBONAlR'TY,t i". Same as De- DEBONAlR'ITY,t ) uonaiuness. DEBOUCUE,)!. (de-bo-sha'.) [Fr.] An opening, demand, or market for goods. DEBOUCHURE, 11. (de-bo-shQr'.)[Fr.i The mouth or opening of a river or strait. DEBUTANT, n. (deb-u-tang'.) [Fr.] One who makes a debut; a person who makes his first appearance before the public. DECLARATION DECUPLED DEFALCATION DECAGRAMME. Sec Decagram. DE€AGYN'IA,n. [See Decagtn.] The name giTen by Linnjeus to tliose orders of plants which have ten pistils. DEt^Afi'YNOUS, a. In hot, having ten pistils. DECAM'ERON, n. [add.] A term ap- plied particularly to the celebrated collection of tales by Boccaccio. DECAJI'ETRE.orDECAJIE TRE,n. DEtAMP', t>. !. [add.] In an extended sense, to depart ; to take one's self off; as, he decamfied snddenly. DECAP'ODA, n. [See Decapoo.J The highest order of crustaceans, including the lobster, crab, craw-fish, shrimp, &c. ; and so called from having five pairs of legs. DECE'DENT, n. A deceased person. [American.] DECEM'fID, instead of DE'CEM- FID. DECEJILOC'ULAR, instead of DE'- CEMLOe'DLAR. DECEMPED.AL, instead of DE'- CEMPEDAL. DECEM'VIR,insteadofDE'CEMVIR. DECENNARY, instead of DE'CEN- NARY. DE'CENT, a. [add.] Tolerable; pass- able ; as, he made a very decent sort of appearance. DECEP'TIVENESS, n. The power of deceiving; the tendency or aptness to deceive. DECESSE',t n. Decease. [Spenser.] DECIDE', V. t. [add.] To adjudge ; to dispose of by a judicial sentence. [Swift.] DECID'ED, a. [add.J Resolute; deter- mined ; as, a decided character. DECIGRAMME, n. [Fr.] See Deci- gram. DECIM.ATION, n. [add.] The exaction of a tenth part of people's property by taxation. DE'CIJIE, n. [Fr.] The tenth part of a franc. DECI'PHERMENT, n. Act of deci- phering. [Rare.] DECISIVE OATH, n. In the civil lair, an oath resorted to where one of the parties to asuit, not being able to prove his charge, offers to refer the decision of the cause to the oath of his adver- sary; which the adversary was bound to accept, or tender the same proposal back again; otherwise the whole was taken as confessed by him. DECK, n. [add.] In a. first-rale ship-uf- war, the decks below the main or up- per deck, are successively called the middle-deck, yttn-dech, and orlop-deck. DECK, a. Fit to form the deck of a vessel ; as, deck planking. — 2. Belong- ing to the deck ; confined to the deck ; as, a deck passenger. DECK-CARGO,) n. Cargo stowed on DECK'-LOAD, ) the deck of a ves- DECK'-PUMPS, n. In s7iips, pumps for the purpose of cleaning, &c. In steam vessels, when the engine is going, they can be connected to it, and thus worked tur the purpose of supplying the boiler witli water, &c. DECLaIM'ING, n. [add.] The act of speaking in public; an appeal to the pjussions. DECLARA TION, n. [add.] A simple affirmation substituted in lieu of an oath , solemn afiirmation, or affidavit, which the law allows in a variety of cases, such as those which relate to the revenues of customs or excise, the post-office, and other departments of administration. Justices of the peace, notaries, &c., are also empowered, in various cases, to take voluntary declarations in lieu of oaths, solemn affirmations, and affi- davits. — Declaration of rights, — see under Right, and Bill. DECLAR'ATORY ACTIONS, n. In Scots law, actions wherein the right of the pursuer is craved to be declared, but nothing claimed to be done by the defender. DECLARED', pp. or a. [add.] Open ; professed ; as, a declared enemy. DECLINA'TION, n. [add.] State of growing calm, or subsiding; gradual appeasement; as, the declination of passion. DECLINE', instead of DECLINE, n. [add.] A gradual decay of health ; con- sumption. DECLINE', V. 1. [add.] Toinchne; to be favourably disposed towards, ifol- lowed by to. [Shah.] DECLIN'ER, n. The name given to a dial which cuts either the plane of the prime vertical circle or the plane of the horizon obliquely. DECLIN ING DIAL, n. A decUner,— which see. DECLINOM'ETER, n. [L. declinatio, and Gr. /xtrtov, measure/] An instru- ment for measuring the declination of the magnetic needle. DECOLLATE, instead of DE'COL- LATE. DECOL'LATED, pp. instead of DE'- COLLATED.[add.]Inconc/io?.,aterm applied to those univalve shells which have the apex worn off in the progress of growth. This happens constantly with some shells, such as Truncatella, Cylindrella, and one species of Bulimus, called in consequence decollatns. DECOLLATING, M>r. instead of DE'€OLL.\TING. DECOL'OUR, V. t. To deprive of col- our; to bleach. DECOL'OURANT, n. A substance which removes colour, or bleaches. DECOL'OURATE, v. t. To deprive of colour; to decolour. DECOLOURATION, n. Act of de- colouring ; absence of colour. DECOLOURING, ppr. Depriving of colour. DECOL'OURIZE, v. t. To deprive of colour. DECOJIPOSE', V. i. To resolve into primary particles. DECOP'ED.t pp. [Fr.] Cut down. [Chancer.] DECO'ROUSNESS, )n. Decency or DECOROUSNESS, J propriety of be- haviour. DECREAS'INGLY, adv. By diminish- ing. DECREE', I', i. To make an edict ; to appoint by edict. DECREE'ABLE, a. That may be de- creed. DECREMENT, n. [add.] Equal de- crement of life, a plirase employed in the doctrine of annuities, signifying that of a given number of lives there should be an equal annual decrease within a given period of vears. DECRETAL, n. [add ] An authorita- tive order or decree. DECRETIVE, a. Having the force of a decree ; pei-taining to a decree. DECREW El>,tw>. Decreased. [Spen- ser.] DECUPLE, ti. t. To increase to a ten- fold proportion. DECUPLED, pp. instead of DEC- UPLE. 128 DECU'RIONATE, n. The state or office of a decurion. DECUS'SATELY, adc. In a decussate manner. DECUSSA'TION,n. [add.] A crossing in the form of an X. DECUS'SATIVELY, adv. Crosswise; in the form of an X. DECUSSORIUJI, n. [L. decusso, to divide.] In sur., an instrument for de- pressing the dura-mater after trephin- ing. DEDE.t f. i. [Sax.] To grow dead. [Chaucer.] DiiUE,tw. Dead. [Cliaucer.] DEDECORA'TION, instead of DE- DECORATION. DEDICA'TION-DAY, n. The feast of dedication of churches, or rather the feast-day of the saint and patron of a church ; termed also a revel or wake. [See Wake.] DED'IMUS, n. [L.] In law, a writ to commission a private individual to do some act in place of a judge, as to examine a witness, tfec. DED'LEY,t a. [Sax.] Devoted to death. [Chaucer.] DEDUCE, f. t. [add.] To bring before a court of justice for decision. [Bacon.] DEDU CIBLENESS, n. Quality of be- ing deducible. DEDUCTIVE, a. [add.] Deductive reasoning, the process of scientific in- quiry by which we pursue laws into tlieir remote consequences; the process of deriving necessary consequences from admitted or established premises ; as distinguished from inductive reasoning, by which we arrive at general laws or axioms by an accumulation of facts. [See Induction.] DED'UIT,t n. [Fr.] Pleasuie. [Chau- cer.] DEE, V. To die ; also, to do. [Scotch.] DEEM, V. i. To judge; to think; to estimate ; to suppose. DEEME,t V. 1. [See'DEEU.] To adjudge; to decree. [.Spenser.] DEENE,t n. Din ; noise. [5/ien^er.] DEEP, adv. Deeply ; to a great depth. DEEP, a. Deep-sea line, defin. in Diet. incorrect. The deep-sea line is a long line tied to tlie deep-sea lead. DEEP-ROOTED, a. Having deep roots; firmly fixed. DEER'-HOUND, n. A hound for hunt- ing deer; a stag-hound. DEER-HUNTING, n. The act of hunt- ing deer. DEER'-KILLER, n. One who kills deer. DEER'-MOUSE, n. The Canadian jer- boa {Gerbillus canadensis) is so named. It is a pretty little rodent animal, with very long hind-legs and tail ; its fore-feet are very short. DEER'-NECK, n. A thin, ill-formed neck, as of a horse. DEER-SKIN, n. The skin of a deer, of which a very supple leather is ni.ide. DEEK'-STALK'ER, n. One who prac- tises deer-stalking. DEER'-STALK'ING, n. The lying in wait to shoot deer, or pursuing them as much as possible under cover. DEEV, n. An evil spirit; a faii-y. DEE'VIL'S-BUCK'LE, n. An imp of Satan ; a limb of the devil. [Scotch.] DEFAlTE',t \PP- [Fr.] Wasted. DEFAlT'ED,t5 [Chaucej-.] DEFALCA'TION, n [add.] A failure or falling oft' in public accounts; a di- minution ; deficit or withdrawnient : a breach of trust by one who has manage- ment or cbai'ge of money. DEFUNCT DELICATE DEMAGOGISM DEFAMA'TION, n. [u.ld.] Defamation is punisl]al)Ie eitlier by action on tlie case at common-law, or by statute, or tile ecclesiastical courts, if it concerns matters spiritual, and determinable in those courts. DEFAME',t«. [Fr.] InUmy. [Chmi,-er.] DEFAME',} V. f. To make infamous. [Chaucer.'] DEFAUTE'.t n. [Fr.] Want; defect. [Chaucer.] DEFEA'SANCED.a. Liable to be for- feited. DEF'ECATE, a. Pui-ged from lees; DEFEC'TIONIST, n. One who prac- tises or promotes defection. DEFENCE, H. (defens'.) [add] In law, an opposing or denial by the defendant of the truth or validity of the plaintirt"s complaint. — Dilatory defence, in eqiiity, a defence which merely dismisses, or suspends, or obstructs the suit, with- out touching the merits until the im- pediment or obstacle insisted on is removed. — Percinptoru a/id pernianeni defence, one whicli goes to the entire merits of the suit. — In equity, the modes of defence are foiu*, viz., by demurrer, by plea, by answer, and by dis- claimer. DEFENCE'LESSLY, adc. In an unpro- tected manner. DEFENSIVE ALLEGATION, n. The mode of propounding circumstances of defence by a defendant in the spiritual courts, to which he is entitled to the plaintiflTs answer upon oath, and may thence proceed to proofs as well as his antagonist. DEFEN'SORY, (I. Tending to defend ; defensive. DEFER', II. «. [add.] To detain; to Iteep waiting; as, to defer the court. [Hhah.] To offer ; to give ; as, to defer the com- mand of an army. [L)/illetvn.'\ DEFEKEN'TIALLY, ado. In a defer- ential manner; with deference. DEFEU'D.\LIZE, j.. t. To deprive of the feudal character or form. DEFF'LY.t a. for Df.ftly. [Spenser.] DEFI'ANCE, n. [add.] Refusal ; as, take my defiance. [Shah.] DEF1"C1ENTNESS, n. State of being deficient. [Lit. us.] DEFIN'ISHE.t v.t. [Fr.] To define; to make a definition of. [Chaucer.] DEF INITE, a. [add.] Definite term, in loyic, a term -which defines or marks out a particular class of beings, or a single person, as distinguished from an indefinite term, which does not define or mark out an object. DEFINITE INFLORESCENCE, n. See Centrifugal Inflorescence in this Supp. DEFINITIVE, a. [add.] Peremptory; absolutely determined. [Shak.] DEFLAGRABLE, or DEFLA- GRABLE, a. DEFLA'GRATING MIXTURES, n. Combustible mixtures; generally made with nitre, the oxygen of which is the active ingredient in promoting their combustion. DEFLAGRA'TION, n. Instead of" ni- trate," read nitrate or chlorate of pot- ash. DEF'LORATE, or DEFLORATE, a. DEFOR'CIANT,n. [add.] The fictitious action of fine brought against a defor- ciant is now abolished. DEFORCIA'TION, n. Distress; a seizure of goods. DEFUNCT', a. [add.] Functional. I Shah.] 1. — Surp. DE<5EN'DERED,t pp. Degenerated. [Spctiser.'] DEOEN'DERING,t PI"-- Degenerat- ing. [Spenser.] DE6EN'ERATE,a. [add.] Base; mean; vile; applied to inanimate things; a.s, ilegenerate arts and shifts. [Bacon.] DEfiEN ERATIVE, a. Tending to de- generate ; making worse. DEGLUBITO'KES, or HUSK'ERS, n. One of Dr. Macgillivray'sordersof land- birds, containing the thick-billed grani- vorous birds, such as the finches, bunt- ing;;, and larks. DEGKADA'TION, n. In W.achangc consisting of an abstraction, loss, abor- tion, or non-development of usual or- gans, DEGRADING, ppr. [add.] Degrading causes, in geuL, those causes which re- fer to the diss(tlving and wearing down of the elevated parts of the earth's sur- face, and the carrying of these parts down itito lower levels; as atmospheric influences, the agency of rivers, and of tile ocean. DEHONES'TATE, v. t. instead of DE- HON'ESTATE. DEHORS'. [Fr.] [add.] Out of; fo- reign; irrelevant; chicHy used in law- language. DEHOR'TATIVE, a. Dissuasive ; de- hortatory. DEID'EN.t pret. plur. of Dei/e. [Sa.\.] Died. [Chaucer.] DEIF'ICAL, a. Same as Deific. DEIFOKM'ITY, n. Resemblance of deity. DEIGN, i>. i. [add.] To think worthy of acceptance. I fear my Julia would not deign my lines. Shatr. DEIL, )i. The Scottish word for devil. DEIL GAED OER JOCK WAB- STER. A phrase used to signify that everything went topsy-tm'vy; there was the devil to pay. [Scotch.] DEIL'S DOZEN, n. Thirteen. [Scotch.] DEIL'S SNUFF-BOX, «. The common puff-ball. [Scotch.] DElNE.t Unfin. of Dcye. To die. DEI'EN.t ( [Chaucer.] DEINOR'NIS. See Dinoknis. DEIN'OUS.t I «■ I Fr. daianer.] Dis- DEIGN'OUS.tJ dainful. it7ia«w.l DEIN'TEE,t «. [Fr.] Value ; a thing of value. [Chaucer.] DEIN'TEOUS.t «• Choice; valuable. f Chaucer.] DE'IS,-}- K. See Dais. [Chaucer.] DEIST'ICALLY, adu. After the man- ner of dcLsts. DEJECT'EDNESS, n. [add.] Abject- ness ; meanness of spirit. [Dri/den.] DEL,f n. [See Deal.] A part; a por- tion; a share. [Chaucer.] DELA'TION, n. [add.] Information. DELAY',!), t. [add.] To remove; to put away ; to dilute ; to weaken ; as, wine, delayed with water; to temper; to al- leviate ; to soften. [Spenser.] DELAYD',t ;■;>. Delayed; removed; put away J tempered; mitigated. [Spen- ser.] DELE,+ V. (.[Sax.] Todivide. [Chaucer.] DELENlF'ICAL.t «■ L'- di:lenificus.] Having the virtue to ease or assuage pain. DELFT, ) „ -, DELFT' -WARE. P'''' Delf. DELIB ERATOR, n. One who deliber- ates, j DEL'ICACY, u. [add.] Scruple as to I unimportant forms of behaviour or ap- i pearance ; fastidiousness of taste. i DEL'ICATE, a. [add.] Nice ; requu-ing ! 129 address ; rciiniring caution and delicacy of behaviour; as, a delicate aft'air. Re- fined; exipii.site; not vulgar; as, he was just and delicate in his observations DELICES.t n. plur. [Fr.] Delights; dainties ; pleasant fantasies. [Chaucer, Spenser.] DE'LIE,t a. [Fr. delie.] Thin; slender. [Chaitcer.] DELIE'RET, a. Delirious. [Scotch.] DELINE', t V. t. To delineate. DELIN'QUENTLY, adv. So as to faU in duty. DELIQUES'CENT, a. [add.] Apt to dissolve or melt away; liable to be soon consumed or spent, as money. [Ed. Review.] DELIRANCY,t «• State of being de- lirious ; delirium. DELI'RANT.t a. Delirious. DELrRATE,t «• i- instead of DEL'I- RATE. DELIR'IUM, n. Delirium tremens. [add.] The principal symptoms of this disease, as its name imports, are deli- rium and trembling. The delirium is a constant symptom, but the tremor is not always apparent, or does not exi.5t. It is properly a disease of the nervous system. DELIT'.t n. [ Fr.] Delight. [Chaucer.] DELIT-ABLE,t a. Delectable. [Chau- cer.] DELITESCENT, a. Concealed; lying hid. DELIVER, V t. [add.] To deliver a cargo, to transfer it from the ship into ■ the hands of its owners. DELI'VER, a. Active; light; agile. I Scotch.] DELi'VERLY, adv. Nimbly; cleveriy; incessantly; continually. [Scotch.] DELIV'ERNESS.t n. Quickness; agil- ity. [Chawer.] DELIVERY, 71. [add.] Deliveru of a deed, the giving of a deed into the hands of tile proper party. Delivery is requisite to a good deed ; it i.s given by the party himself, or his certain attor- ney, and expressed in the attestation, " signed, sealed, and delivered." DELPHIN, ) a. Same as Del- DELPHIN'IAN, j piiine,— iWiiVA see. DELPHINID.E, n. The dolphin tribe, a family of cetaceous animals, charac- terized by the moderate size of the head, and usually by the presence of teeth in both jaws. Along with the dolphin and porpoise, it includes many animals which are ordinarily called wliales, a considerable number of which occasionally visit the northern coasts of Britain. DEL SEGN'O. (del san'yo.) [It.] In music, a direction to repeat froin the sign or mark :Q: . DELTA'IC, a. Relating to, or like a delta. DEL'TOID, n. In anat., a muscle of the shoulder, so named from its supposed resemblance to the Greek letter A. DELU'VY,t «. [L. diluvium.] Deluge. [Chaucer.] DEMAGNETIZA"riON, n. The act or process of depriving one of magnetic influence. DEMAG'NETIZE, v. t. To deprive of magnetic infiuence; to restore from a sleep-walking state. DEMAG06'ie, ) a. Relating to, DEMAGOG'ICAL, j or like a dema- gogue ; factious. [Lit. us.] DEM'AGOGISM, ) n. The prac- UEM'AGOGUEISM.j tices of a de- magogue. 7l DEMOISELLE DENDUOSAUR\ DEODOEIZE DEM'AGOGY, u. Qualities of a de magogue. DE^IAIXEM V. t. [Fr] To manage [>>e Demf.an.] [Cftancer.'l DEMAI^Ejt"- Management. [Chau- cer.] DEMAND', 7i. [add.] Demand a^id sup- ply, terras used in political ecojiomy, to , express the relations between consump- | tion and production ; between the de- mand of purchasers and the supply of commodities by those who have them j to sell. The relations which subsist i between the demand for an article and ] its supply, determine its price or ex- changeable value. AVhen the demand for a commodity exceeds the supply, the price of the commodity is raised ; and when the supply exceeds the de- mand, the price falls. DEilATNE'.f n. Demeanour; appear- ance. [Spenser.] DEME,f r. (. To judge. [5ec Deem.] [Chaucer. 1 DEMENT , V. t. To make mad or in- sane. [Rar. us.] DEMES'MERIZE, u./. To relieve from mesmeric influence. DEMESNIAL, a. (de-me'-nial.) Per- taining to a demesne. [Rar. us.] DEMI', n. A half-fellow at Magdalen CoUejre, Oxford. [See Demy.] DEMI-BATH, )n. A bath in which DEM'I-BAIN, f only the lower half of the hodv is immersed. DEM'IGRATE,t r. i. [L. demigro.] To emigrate. DEMlGRA'TION,f n. Emigration. DEM I-H-\G,t n. A smaller kind of liackbut. DEM I-JAMBES,t n. Armom- cover- ing the front of the legs only. DEM'I-PLA€'€ATE,t «. The lower part of a breastplate fastened to the upper bv a buckle and strap. DEM'I-PUP'PET, n. A half-sized pup- pet ; the most diminutive of the fairies. \Shak.] DEMISE', n. [add.] The death of any distinguished person. — In /air,an estate for years ; it may also signify an estate granted in fee or for term of life. DEMISE'ABLE, a. ^See Demisable. DEMISSION, H. [add.] Transfer; re- signation ; as, a demissicm of the crown. D E M 1 S ' S I O N A K Y, «/. Degrading ; tending to lower or degrade ; pertain- ing to the transfer or conveyance of an estate by lease or will. DEMIS SOUY, a. In Scots laic, tend- ing to depression, &c., or the resigna- tion of an ortice. DEM'ITINT, n. See after Demit. DEMIURG'ICAL, a. Same as Demi- TRGIC. DEMIUR'GOS, n. [Gr. hr.^uoi, pertain- ing to the people, and t^ysv, work.] A Greek term, which siguitied originally an artist; an artificer; a mechanic; a public workman ; an architect. After- ward it came to signify a magistrate; the supreme magistrate of some free states of Greece. Plato employed it to designate the Great Architect or Cre- ator of the world. It has also been applied to the Sariour, as being that person in the Godhead *" by whom the worlds were made"' or framed. The Latin form of the word is Demiurous. DEMO€ RATIZE, v. t. To render de- mocratic. DEMOe'RATY, n. Democracy. DEMOISELLE, «. (dem-wa-zel.) [Fr.J A young girl; a species of bird, the Numidian crane, so called from its ele- gant attitude; a pavier's instrument. DE'MONIST, n. A worsliipper of de- mons. DE'MONIZE, V. t. To render demoni- acal or to demonu- logv. DEMONOL'OOIST, M. One versed in demonology. DE MONRY, It. Demoniacal influence. DEMONSTKABIL'ITY, «. Demon- strableness. DE:\I0N STRATE, instead of DEM- ONSTRATE. DEMON STRATED,insteadofDEM'- ONSTRATED. DEMON'STRATER, instead ofDEM'- ONSTKATER. DEMONSTRATING, instead of DEMONSTRATING. DEMONSTRATION, fl. [add.] LUe- ralli/, a showing forth, or exhibitiou ; commonly in the plural, as demonstra- tionsofjoy. also, any movement against, or attempt upon ; as. Napoleon made his tirst demonstration on Holland. DEMON STR ATI VE,rt. add.] Among the Latin rhetoricians, that lays open or explains «ith clearness, force, and beauty ; as, demonstrative eloriuence. DEMON STR.VrOR, or DEMON- STRATOR, instead of DEM'ON- STRATOR. DEMPT,t pp, [See Deem.] Judged; deemed. [Spenser.] DEMUR', 1-. t. [add.] To scruple; to hesitate about; as, to t/emur obedience. [Fenton.] DEMURRABLE, a. That may be de- mm-red. DEMUR'RAGE, n. ^add.j The time during which a vessel is detained be- yond that originally stipulated in loading or unloading; but the term is more usually applied to the com- pensation which the freighter has to pay for such detention. AVhen a ves- sel is thus detained, she ia said to be on demurrcje. DEMURRER, n. [add.] In law, a de- murrer is either general or special, the former being for some defect in sub- stance, the latter for some defect in form. DEMY', n. [add.] Printing demy mea- sures 22 X 17^ inches; writing demy, 20 X 1^^ inches. DEMY', a. Indicating a kind of paper, in size between royal and crown. DEN, M. Good den, a corruption of good even. [Shah.] DENAT'URATE, i-. f. To render un- natural ; to denaturalize ; to deprive of the natural qualities. DEN DRIFOKM, a. [Gr. ii.ii», a tree, and L. forma, form. J Having the ap- pearance of a tree. DENDROeOLAP'TES, rt. The hook- liilled creepers, a genus of tenuirostral birds, with the bill generally long and curved. There are several species na- tives of South America. DENT)ROL'AGUS, ». The tree-kan- garoo, a genus of marsupial animals belonging to the kangaroo family. Two species, D. ttrsimis, and 2). inustus^ have been discovered in New Guinea. DENDROL'OGIST, h. One versed iu dendrology. DEN DROPLEX, «. A genus of birds, belonging to the family Certhiadae, or creepei*s, having the tail graduated and rigid. DENDROSAU RA, m. The tree-liz- ards, a tribe of reptiles, containing the chameleons. DE'NEB, «. [Ar.] The name of a bright star ^i in the tail of the Lion. DENIED', i». pur. of v. To deny. DEN'NET, n. A two-wheeled carriage for travelling. DENOM'IN ATE, a. In arith., denoting a number which expresses the kind of miit treated of. DENOiUNA TION ALLY, adv. By denomination or sect. DENOTE', V. I. To signify. [Addison.] DENOTEMENT, n. [add.] Observa- tion. [5.^aA.] DENS, n. {h7\ In 6of., a toothing. DENS, «. piur. Denies. [L. deiis, dentis.] A tooth. [See Tooth.J DENTA'LIUM, «. [L. dens, a tooth.] A genus of motlusca. The shell con- sists of one tubulous arcuated cone, open at both ends, and resembling the tusk of an elephant in miniature. There are many species known by the common name of tooth-shells. DENTA'RIA, ;i. Coral-wort, a genu.s of plants, nat. order Cruciferae. The species are ornamental plants, and are known also by the name of tooth-wort, from the tooth-like structure of the roots. D. hulbifera is the unly British species. It has rose-coloured or pur- ple flowers, and is found in the neigh- bourhood of Tunbridge Wells. DEN TATELY, adv. In a dentate man- ner; as, dentately ciliated; derdately pinnatitid, &c. DENTATION, n. The form or forma- tion of teeth. DENTA'TO-SINUATE, a. Same as Destate-Sixuate, — which see. DEN TELS, n. See Destii^. DEN'TES, n. [L.plur. of dens, a tooth.] Teeth. [See Teeth.] DENTI€'UL.\TELY, adv. In a denti- culate manner; as, denticulately ser- rated : denticulately ciliated, &c. DENTie'ULUS, n. [See Desticle.] DENTLFAG'TOR, n. A name given to a carving machine, for the manufacture of the artiticial teeth, gums, and palate used in dental surgery. DEN'T1L.\TED, a. Formed like teeth ; having teeth. DENTILA TION, n. The formation of teeth ; dentition. DEN TIL AVE, n. [L. dens, a tooth, and lavo, to wash.] A lotion for clean- ing the teeth. DENTISTRY, n. The art or practice of a dentist. DEN'TY, a. Dainty. [Scotch.] DENUN CLA.TOK, instead of DE- NUNCIATOR. DENUN CIATORY,a. Relating to, or implying denunciation; containing a public threat ; comminatory. DEN'\VERE,t n. Doubt. [Cltaucer.] DE'ODAND, n. [add.] In modern times juries have taken upon themselves to mitigate forfeitures called deodands by assessing a sum of money as the value of the thing forfeited, and commonly less than its actual value. In popular Ian., such tines are called deodamls. DEODAR', n. In India, a word mean- ing God-given, and applied to ditFerent trees, principally of the nat. order Conifene, according as they are, at the particular place, held sacred by the Hindoos. In Ivumaon this name is given to the Cedrus deodara, a variety of the cedar of Lebanon; while at Simla it is given to the Cupressus torulosa. DEODORIZE, V. t. To deprive of odour or smell. Thus quick-lime Jcj- dorizes uight-seil. DEREWORTH DERRICK DESICCATING DEODORIZED, jjp. Deprived of odour. DEO'DORIZER, n. That which de- prives of odour. DEODORIZING, in^r. ora. Deprlvin? of odour; that has the property of deprivint^ of odour or smell. DEONTOLOO'ICAL, a. Relatin- to deontology. DE0NT0L'06IST, n. One versed in deontology. DEOPTlLATIVE,t n. A medicine to clear obstructions. DEPXKT', t'. i. [add.] To depart with, to give up; to vield; to resign. \Sha/i.] DEPECULA'TION,t ». A robbing of the prince or commonwealth; uu em- bezzling of the public treasure. DEPElNT',ti>i>. [Fr.] Painted. [Chau- cer.] DEPERT'IDLE,t a. fL. dispcrtio.] Divisible; separable. [Bacon.] DEPLO'RATE,t a. Lamentable; hope- less. DEPLOY', n. The expansion of a body of troops, previously compacted into a column, so as to present a large front. DEPLOY'MENT, n. [Fr. di-ployement ] Same as Deploy. DEPOLARIZATION, n. The act of depriving of polarity ; the restoring of a ray of polarized light to its former state. DEPOSIT, 71. [add.] In la^c, a sum of money which a man might deposit witli the sheriff after he was arrested, instead of putting in special bail. The word is also used for any sum of money wliich a man puts in the hands of another as a kind of security for the fulfilment of some agreement, or as a part payment in advance. — Also, a naked bailment of goods to be kept for the bailer without recompense, and to be returned when the bailer shall require it. DEPOSITED, pp. Laid down; put away; intrusted. DEPO'T, 71. (depo'.) [add.] A building for goods at the terminus or sttition of a railway, canal, &c. DEP'REt:ATIVE. 5(?cDeprecatorv. DEPREXIATOR, n. One who depre- ciates DEPRE'CIATORT, a. Tending to de- preciate. DEPRESS', V. t. [add.] To bring into adversity. DEPRESS'ED, pp. or a. [add.] Low ; Hat ; as, his nose was deiiressed. DEPRES'SION, 11. [add.] In surg., conciiing; an operation for cataract, which consists in the removal of tlie crystalline lens out of the axis of vision, by means of a needle. DEPURATE, a. Cleansed ; pure. DEP'URATOK, n. He or that which cleanses DEP'UTATOR,t n. One who grants deputation. DEPUTIZE, V. f. [add.] An American word. DEQUACE',t I'. ^ (dequas'O [See Quash.] To shake down. \Chuiicer.] DERACINA'TION, h. The act of plucking up by the roots. [Lit. tis.] DER'BYSHIRE-NECK, n. A name given to bronchocele, from its frequency in the hilly parts of Derbyshire. DERE,t a. Dear. [Chaucer.] DE'REB-AD'lGE, h. A star of the first magnitude in the northern constella- tion Cygnus. DERE'LING, Ji. [Sax.] Daiding. [Chau- cer.] DERE'WORTH,t «. [Sax.] Precious; valued at a high rate. [Chaucer.] DERIVA'TION, n. [add.] In med., revulsion, or the drawing away of the fluids of an inflamed part, by applying blisters, &c., over it, or at a distance from it. The agents employed to pro- duce this effect are termed derivatices. DERIVA'TIONAL, a. Relating to derivation. DERIVATIVE, n. [add.] [See Deri- vation in this Sitpp.] DERIVATIVE €ONVEYANCES, n. In /(7(r, secondary deeds; as releases, confirmations, surrenders, consign- ments, and defeasances. DERMAP'TERA, \ n. [Gr. 3e?,««, DERMAP'TERANS,) skin,and^«;o., wing.] An order of insects, restricted by Kirby to the earwigs (of which at N. least three genera are found in this country), comprising tliose genera which have their anterior pair of wings coriaceous, not employed in flight; their posterior wings membranous and folded like a fan, only par- tially covered by the elytra, and the tail armed with a forceps. The name Der- maptera was at first applied to that order now called Orthoptera; those authors Earwfa, /'oiirtcitfa who regard "the inflexible law of priority give the name Euplexoptera to the order con- taining the earwigs. DERMATOL'OOIST, n. One versed in dermatologv. DERMATOL'YSIS, h. [Gr. Se-^*. skin, and x-jo}, to loosen.] A disease of the skin, characterized by great extension of that organ, so that it is thrown into folds, and forms occasionally pendulous masses. DERMES'TES, n. A genus of coleop- terous insects, the type of tlie family DermestidiB. The larvre of this genus are covered ^rith slippery hairs ; they devour dead bodies, skins, leather, and other animal substances. One species (D. lardarius) is known by the name of bacon-beetle ; another, the Anthrenus muscEoruSy is peculiarly destructive in miiseums of natural history. DERM'1€, a. Relating to the skin.— Dermic remedies, such as act through the skin. DERMOBRANCHIA'TA, n. [Gr. 5£f^«, skin, and ^jay^'*' SiHs.] A family ot gastropods, comprismg those molluscs which respire by means of external branchia3 or gills, whicli occur in the form of thin membranous plates, tufts, or filaments. DERMOG'RAPHY See Dermato- GRAPHV. DERM'OID, a. Resembling skin ; der- matoid ; applied to tissues which re- semble skin. DERMOL'O^Y. See Dermatology. DERM-SlvEL'ETON, n. [Gr. Jes^« skin, and c-^iXtTov, a dry body.| In atiut., a term synonymous with dermo-shelc- ton. [See Exo-Skeleton in this Supp.] DERNIER, n. (dem-yer' or der'-ni-er.) DERRE,t a. Compar. of Dere. Dearer. [Chaucer.] DER'RIC, n. Same as Derrick. DER^RICK, n. To rig a derrick, is, in nautical Ian., to raise a single pole (frequently a spare top-mast or boom), and to step it over end immediately before the main-mast, and inclining over the main hatchway of the vesseL The foot is stepped into a piece of wood 131 secured to the dcfk, and hollowed to receive it. — Derrick-crane, a kind of crane combining the advantages of the common derrick and those of the ordinary crane. The jib of tliis crane is fitted with a joint at the foot, and has a chain instead of a tension-bar attached to it at tlie top, so that tlie inclination, and consequently the sweep of the crane, can be altered at pleasure. Derrick -crane. In the ordinary derrick-crane the chain- barrel is a plain cylinder, but in that known as Henderson's crane, the bar- rel on which the chain is taken up in raising the jib is of a parabolic form, similar to the fusee of a watch, and decreases in diameter as the jib ap- proaches the horizontal position, so that the power to raise the weight is at all times equal. DER'RING DO,t n. Daring deeds; manhood. [Spenser,] DER'RING DO'ERS,t n. Daring and bold doers. [Spenser. \ DES'ART. See Deseut. DESCEND'ER, n. One who descends. DESCENS'ORIE,t n. [Fr.] A chemical vessel for the extraction of oils per descensum. [Chaucer.] DESCENSO'RIUM, n. [add.] A chemi- cal vessel in which distillation by de- scent was performed. It is no longer in use. DESCENT'. 7?. [add.] In law, the here- ditary succession of property vested in a person by the operation of law ; that is, by his right of representation as heir at law to his ancestor ; or it is the title to inherit lands by rciison of con- sanguinity, as well where the heir shall be an ancestor or collateral relation, as where he shall be a child or other issue. — DUtillation bit descent, among the older chemists, a mode of distillation in which the fire was applied at the top, and round the vessel, whose orifice was at the bottom, by which the vapours were made to distil downwards. DESCIU ER. instead of DESCRIER. DESCRlVE',t v.t. To describe. [Spen- ser. ] DESCRiV'EN, V. t. injin. To describe. [Chaucer.] DESI C € ATE, r. ^ instead of DES 'I€- €ATE. DESICCATE, V. i. instead of DES'IG- CATE. DESICCATED, instead of DES'IC- CATED. DESICCATING, instead of DES'IC- GATING. DETAIL DEUTO DEWAN DESie'€ATrrE, n. A dryin?: or ab- sorbing sultstance ; an application that dries up secretions. DESID'ERATIVE, n. An object of desire. DESLD'ERATIVE, a. Uaving or im- plyintr desire. DESIGN, n. [add.] In painting, the art of illusion : a tisiire traced in outline, without relief, being expressed by light and shade. — Also, a sketch in water- colour in which the chiaroscuro is ex- pressed by Indian ink, sepia, or bistre ; or a sketch in which the object repre- sented is clothed in its proper colours. Design is sometimes used synonymously with sketchy studi/, to indicate the first composition for a picture, &c. — Schools of design^ institutions in which persons are instructed in the arts and in the principles ot design for manufacturing purposes, and with the view of ditVusing a knowledge of. and a taste for, the fine arts among the people generally. DESIGN, r. i. To intend. DES'IGNATOKY, a. That designates; designative. DESlN'IXG,t ppr. [See Design.] Sig- nifying. [^/'C/wcr.] DESISTIVE, a. Ending; concluding. DESI "TION. ti. [L. desitus.] End. DESK, n. [add.] In the United States, the puipit in a church ; and Jigiuativeli/, the clerical profession. DES'MAN, «. The musk-rat {Galemys Piirenaica),— which see. DESMOG KAPHY, n. [Gr. iaru^, a ligament, and yjac** to descrihe.j A de- scription of the ligaments of the body. DESMOL'OGY, instead of DESMC- LOGY. DESMOT'OJIY, n. [Gr. iuruct, and TO'xr, a cutting.] The dissection of the ligaments. DES'OLAT.f pp. Abandoned ; dis- tressed. [ Chaucer.] DESPATCH', r. t. [add.] To bereave suddenlv. \Shak.\ DESPATCH', r. i. [add.] To go expe- ditiously. [Shah.] DES'PEKATE.f n. A desperate man. DES PEUATE, a. [add.] Dangerous in the extreme ; as, a desperate under- taking. Severe or bitter in an e.Ttreme ; as, a desperate saying. [Bacon.] DESPITE', prep. In spite of; notwith- standing; as, despite his idiomatic felicities. DESTlTOUSjf a. Angry to excess. [Chaucer.] DESPONDENCE, n. Same as De- FPOXDENCT. DESPONDENTLY, adv. "Without hope. DESPU'MATE, v. t. To throw off in foam. \Rare.] DESQUAMATORY, «. An instrument bv which desquamation is performed. DESTEM PER, n. [add.] See Dis- temper. DESTINA'TION, n. [add] Appoint- ment ; nomination. DES TITCTENESS, n. The state of being destitute; destitution. [Lit. us.] DESTREINE'.t r. t. [Fr.] To vex; to constrain. [Chaucer.] DES'TRER,t n. [Fr., Lat. dextrarius.] A war-horse. [Chaucer.] DESTRIE'.t ir. t. [Fr.J To destroy. DESTRUIE',t f [Chaucer ] DESTRUCTIVE, n. A destroyer; a radical reformer. A term of reproach from political opponents. DETACIl'MENT, n. [add.] State of being detached or alienated. DETAIL, n. [add.] Details of a plan, in arch., drawings or delineations for the use of workmen ; otherwise called work- ing drawings. DETAlN'ER.n. [add.] Forcible detainer, in law, is where a person, who enters peaceably, tliough unlawfully, into any lands or tenements, or other posses- sions, afterwards retains possession by force. The entry may also be forcible as well as the detainer. A process lodged with the sheriff against a person in his custodv, is called a detainer. DETECTABLE, a. That may be de- tected. DETERMINABILTTY, n. Quality of being determinable. DETERMINABLE, ff. [add.] Capable of termination ; that may be made to cease or expire. DETERM'IN.\BLE FREEHOLDS, n. In late, estates for life, which may de- termine upon future contingencies be- fore the life for which they are created expires. DETER'^nNABLENESS, n. State of being determinable. [Lit. u.k.\ DETERM INATELY,flrfr. [add.] Pre- ciselv; with exact specification. DETERMINA TION. n. [add.] In nat. science, the referring of minerals, plants, &c., to the species to which thev belong. DETERM'INATIVE, a. |add.j H.iving the power of ascertaining precisely ; that is employed in determining ; as, deter- minative tnh\es in the natural sciences; that is, tables arranged for determining the specific character of minerals, plants, &c., and assigning them their names. DETERMINE, r. ». [add.] To form a resolution ; as, he determined to remain. DETERMINED, pp. [add.] Definite; determinate; precisely marked; reso- lute. DETER'SIVENESS, n. The quality of being detersive. [Lit. us.] DETHK0NlZA'TlON,t n. The act of dethroning. DET INUE, or DETINUE. DETORSION, n. A\vre3ting; a per- version. DETRACT'ING, jipr. or a. Taking awav; derogating. DETRACT IVENESS, n. Quality of being detractive. [Lit. us.] DETRIMEN'TALNESS, n. Quality of being detrimental. [Rar. us.] DETKU SIGN, n. [add.] i^V/rceo/(/e/n/- sion. In experiments on the strenriih of materials, when a body, as a beam, is compressed in a direction perpendicular to the length of the fibres, the points of support being very near, and on op- posite sides of the place at which the force is applied, the strain to which the body is then subjected has been called the force of detnision. DETRU'SOR U'RIN.E, n. [L.] In anat., the aggregate of the muscular fibres of the bladder which expel the urine. D£TTE,t n. Debt. DETTELESS,t a. Free from debt. I Chaucer.'] DEU'TERO-CANON'ICAL, a. [Gr. JtvTtjef, second, and canonical.] A term applied to those botiks of Scripture that were taken into the canon after the rest. DEUTEROPA'THIA, «. [L.] See Deuteropathv. DEUTEROP'ATHY, instead of DEU- TEKOPA'THY. DEU'TO. [Gr. iiurt**;, second.] In chem., a prefix denoting two, or double ; as, rfej/^t>xide, having two degrees of oxidation; d^wto-chloride, &c. DEUT'ZIA, n. A genus of dcciduons shrubs, natives of the north of India, China, and Japan, nat. order Philadel- phace». DEVASTATE, or DEVAS'TATE,r.f. DEVASTA'VIT, n [L.] In law, a writ lying against an executor or executors for pacing legacies and debts, without speciality, before the debt upon the specialities be due. DEVE,t a. Deaf. [Chaucer.] DEV'EL, In. A very hard blow. DELVE, I [Scotch.] DEVIL, n. [add.] The name popularly given in Tasmania to a marsupial ani- mal {Das,'/urus ttrsinus) of great fero- city. It is of a black colour, and is spotted with white. Its habits iire noc- turnal. — A machine for cutting up rags and old cloth in paper-making. — Also, a printer's errand-boy. [ioir.] — In tex- tile factories, a teazing-machine ; the machine through which the cotton or wool is first passed to prepare it for the carding-machines. — To play the devil with, to ruin ; to destroy ; to mo- lest or hurt extremely. [Shah.] DEVIL, V. t. I add.] To cut up cloth or rags bv an instrument called a devil. DEVlL-BlRD, n. The name sometimes applied to bhick fly-catching birds, of the genus Edolius, which are natives of India. DEVILET, n. A Uttle devil; a devU- kin. DEVIL-FISH, n. [add.] The Lophius piscatorius, otherwise called the Ameri- can angler, fishing-frog, sea-devil, toad- fish, &c. DEVIL'S COACH-HORSE, n. The vulgar name of a large species of brache- lytrous beetle {Goerius olens), common in this country. It has the habit of turning up the end of its body when excited. DEV ILS DARNING-NEEDLE, n. In the United States, the popular name of various species of the dragon-fly, so called from their long cylindrical bodies, resembling needles. DEVIN ING,t n. Divination. [Chau- cer.] DEVIOUSLY, adv. In a devious man- ner. DE'VIOUSNESS, n. Departure from a regular course ; wandering. DEVlSE',t n. [Fr.] Direction. [Oiau- cer.] DEVISE', V. t. [Fr.] To direct. [Chau- cer.] DEVITRIFICATION, n. The act of depriving glass of its transparency, and converting it into a gray opaque sub- stance. DEVO'NIAN SYSTEM, n. In geol., the name given by Sedgwick and Mur- chison to a great portion of the paleo- zoic strata of North and South Devon. DEVONPORT, H. A sort of small writing-table, fitted up with drawers and other conveniences. It is usually of an ornamental character. DEVONSHIRE COLIC, n. A species of colic, occasioned by the intruduction of lead into the system, and so named from its frequent occurrence in Devon- shire. It is also called painter's colic. DEVOT ED,;>p. or fl. [add.] Asanarf- jective, ardent; zealous; strongly at- tached. DEVOVE',t V. i. [L. dcvoveo.] To doom to destruction ; to destine for a sacrifice. DE^'OYRE',t n. Devoir; duty. [Spen- ser.] DEWAN', n. In the East Indies the DIALURIC ACID DIATHERMAL DICTATE head oftit-er of finance and revenue. The dewan is ahiiost ;il\vays a Hindoo. DEW-FALL, n. The falhng of dew, or tlie time \vhen dew begins to fall. DEX'TER, a. [add.] On the right hand. Ou sounding wings a. dexter ea^le flew. Pope. DEX'TEROUS, ) Misplaced : ^ee DEX'TEROUSLY, V after Disx- DEX'TEROUSNESS. ) trorsal. DEY,f 71, A female servant who had the charg^e of tlie dairy, and all things pertaining to it. Sometimes a male servaflt, \\ho performed those duties, was so called. [Chaucer.] DEYE,f V. i. To die. [Chaucer.l DEY'ER.t Ji. A dyer. [Chaucer.] D.F. Abbreviation for defensor Jidei, defender of the faith. D.G. Abbreviation for Dei gratia, by the grace of God. DHOLE, V. The wild dog of India (Cams diikhmensis). DIABET'I€AL, a. Same as Diabetic. DIABETIC SUGAR, n. The sweet principle of diabetic urine, and of most acid fruits. It is otherwise culled starch- sugar, grape-sugar, sugar of fruits, &c. DIABLERIE, n. (dC-Uble-rc.) [Fr.] Incantation ; sorcery ; deviltry. DIA€ ONATE, n. The office of a deacon. DIACRIT'ICAL, \a. [add.] Diacriti- DIACRIT'ie, [ cal marks, marks used in some languages to distinguish letters which are similar in form. Thus, in the German running-hand, the letter u is written thus, u, to distinguish it from n. DI'ADEM-SPIDER, n. The Epeira diadema, common in gardens in the autumnal season. Its body is of a deep chestnut-brown colour, and the abdo- men beautifully marked by a longitu- dinal series of round milk-white spots, crossed by others of a similar appear- ance, so as to represent in some degree the pattern of a small diadem. It con- structs a beautiful geometric web. DIAGLYFH'IC, a. [Gr. h^, and jXt.>, to carve.] A term applied to sculptute, engraving, &c., in which the objects are sunk into the general surface. DIAGNO'SES, n. In bot, the short characters or descriptions by which plants are distinguislied from each other, DIAGOM'ETER, n. [Gr. hination with annnonia, by the de- composition of alluxantiiic. It is a powerful acid, and forms salts with ba^es. DIAMAGNET'ie, a. [Gr. 3i«. and f^-xyvti, a magnet.] A term applied to a class of substances, which, when under the infiuence of magnetism, and freely suspended, take a position at right angles to the magnetic meridian ; that is, point east and west. From the experiments of Faraday, it appears to be clearly established that all matter is subject to the magnetic force as uni- versally as it is to the gravitating force, arranging itself into two great divisions, the magnetic, and that which he terms the diamagnetic. Among the former are iron, nickel, col)aU, platinum, pal- ladium, titanium, and a few other sub- stances; and among the latter are bis- muth, antimony, cadmium, copper, gold, lead, mercury, silver, tin, zinc, and most solid, liquid, and gaseous substances. "When a magnetic substance is sus- pended freely between the poles of a powerful horse-shoe magnet, it points in a line from one pole to the other, wiiich Faraday tenns the axial line. On the other hand, when a diamagnetic substance is suspended in the same manner, it is repelled alike by both poles, and assumes an equatorial direc- tion, or a direction at right angles to DIAMAGNET'I€, n. A substance, which, when magnetized and suspended freelv, points east and west. DIAMAG'NETISM, n. The action or magnetic influence which causes a dia- magnetic substance, when suspended freely between the poles of a powerful horse-shoe magnet, to assume an equa- torial position, or to take a direction at right angles to the axial line. DlAMET'Rlt', a. Same as Diametri- cal. DI AMOND-BEETLE, n. The Entimus nobilis, a splendid coleopterous insect, belonging to the family Curculionidfe. It is very abundant in some parts of South America. DI'APER, n. [add.] A kind of textile fabric, formed of either linen or cotton, or a mixture of the two, upon the sur- face of which a figured pattern is pro- duced by a peculiar mode of twilling. DIAPHON'ICAL, a. Same as Dia- THONIC. DI'APIIRAGM, 71. [add.] A partition or dividing substance, commonly with an opening through it. — In astron., a circular ring used in optical instru- ments to cut off marginal iiortions of a beam of light. DIAPHRAGMATl'TIS, n. Inflamma- tion of the diaphragm, or of its perito- neal coats. DIAPH'YSIS, n. [Gr. 3/«, and fv<», to be ingrafted.] In anat., a term applied to the middle part or body of the long or cylindrical bones. Dl'APRED,t TJp, Diapered; diversi- fied ; variegated. [Spenser.] DIARTHRO SIS, 71. [add.] The mov- able connection oi' bones constituting tlie greater proportion of the joints of the body. DIARY FEVER, 77. [From L. dies, a day.] A fever of a day's duration^ the simplest form of fever. DTASTASE, instead of DIA'STASE. DIAS'TASIS, 7i. [<;r. from 5(^, a singular group of minute objects, referred by JEhrenberg to the infusorial animal- cules, but by most naturalists of tlie present day to the algfe. The plant is termed a frustule, and consists of a single cell, which is sometimes imper- fectly septate, and is invested with a bivalve siliceous epidermis. These plants are thus indestructible by fire, and from their varied and beautiful markings, are highly prized by microscopists. Some of the species form the best tests of the quaUty of a good microscope. Districts recovered from the sea sometimes con- tain myriads of these, forming strata of considerable thickness. In some cases, when growing, they are furnished with a gelatinous stalk, which supports seve- ral frustules, and which, of course, is soon destroved. DIATON'IGALLY, adc. In a diatonic manner. DI'ATRIBE, 7?. (di'atrlb.) or DIAT'- RIBE (di-at'-re-be.) DIAT RIBIST, instead of DI'ATRI- BIST. DIAZOM'ATA, 77. In arch., the cor- ridors in a Grecian theatre; the land- ing-places on a stair-case. DIB'BEK.77. An agricultural instrument having dibbles or teeth for making holes in the ground. DIB'BLEK, n. An agricultural imple- ment used in planting; a dibble. DIBRANCHIA'TA, n. [Gr. la. twice, and ^j«>-x:'«, gills.] An order of cephal- opods in wlLich the branchiae are two in number, one situated on each side of the body. It is divided into two tribes, the decapods and the octoijods. DICAXUOUS,t (/. Talkative ; saucy. DICHE.fr. /. (ditch.) [Sax.] To dig; to surround with a ditch. [Chaucer.] DI'GHROITE, instead of DICH'- ROIT, DI€HROMAT'I€, a. [Gr. S-s, and x^ufji.ct, colour.] Having or producing two colours. DICING, n. The practice of playing at dice. DICK'ER, V. t. To barter. [American.] DICK'Y, n. An ass, male or female. — 2. A linen shirt-collar; a sham shirt. [Local.]— ^. A coach-box, or a seat behind a cai-riage for servants, &c. [Local. I DICLINOUS, a. [Gr. J.?, twofold, and xKtvu, to incline.] In hoi., applied to a plant which has its sexes in distinct flowers. DICOT YLES, n. [Gr. hi, and xcivX^, a cavity.] A genus of pachydermatous mammalia, containing the peccary, — which see. It receives its name from the curious organ on the back, which secretes a fluid. DI€ROT'I€, a. [Gr. i,s, twice, and x^ova, to strike.] A term applied to the pulse, where the artery conveys the sensation of a double pulsation. DI€'TATE, V. t. [add.] To instigate ; to direct. DIFFERENTIAL COUPLING DIFFERENTIAL MOTION DIFFUSION Dl€TATO'RIALLY, adv. In an im- perious, dogmatical manner. D1€'TY06ENS, n. In bot, a class of plants whose foliiii^e and habit of growth are so peeidiar, that Liudley regards tliem as a transition class, partaking somewhat of tlie nature of endogens, and also of that of exogens. DIDAC'TIt S, n. The art or science of teaching. D1DA€ TYLE, a. Ha\ing two toes or two finders. DID'EN,t jvff phir. from Do. Did. \ Chaucer. 1 DrDUA€(nr. n. See Diprachma. DIDUCE'MENT,t h. Division; sepai'- ation into distinct parts. DI'DY^[, ] u. A metal recently DIDYM'IU.M, I discovered by M. jNIosander in the ores of cerium, and united with tlie oxide of the latter metal. DI£,tr./. To dye; to tinge. [Chaucer.] DI'EB, H. A wild species of dog found in North Africa (Canis anthits). DIE'DKAL, a. Having two sides; di- hedral. DIEGE'SIS, 71. [Gr. from S.rj-wuai. to relate, tell, recount, declare.] A narra- tive or history ; a recital or relation. DIELE€ TRItJ, n. [Gr. 8<«. and elcc- tric.1 A body which has nut the power of transmitting the electric inHuences through itself; as a perfect non-con- ductor of electricity. jyiES,7i.plur. Toolsused in cutting metal screws. They consist of two or more pieces of hardened steel, which, when placed together, form a female screw. In using they are fitted into a groove in a contrivance called a die-stock. DIE'-SINKER, 71. An engraver of dies for stamping or embossing. DIE'-SINKING, n. The process of en- graving dies for stamping coin, medals, kc. DI'ESIS,n. [add.] In pr intvio, the xoBrk [I] : called also double-danger. DIES NON. [L.] In law, a day on which courts are not held ; as the Sab- bath, &:c. DIE-STOCK, n. The contrivance by which the dies used in screw-cutting are held. It is of various forms. DIETARY, n. A system or course of diet; rule of diet; allowance of food, especially for the poor in almshouses and prisons. DIETETaCALLY,arfr. In a dietetical manner. DIETET'IST, n. A physician who treats or prescribes dietetics. DI ETIST, 7i, One skilled in diet. DIETF'TIAN, n. One skilled in diet; a dietjst. I)lFFAME',t n. [Fr.] Bad reputation. [Chaitcer.'] DIFFERENTIAL, n. [add.l In the differential ai\d integral calculus, if twu or more quantities are dependent on each other, and subject to variations of value, their dt^fferentials are any other quantities whose ratios to each other are the limits to which the ratios of the variations approximate, as these variations are reduced nearer and nearer to zero. DIFFEREN'TIAL COUPLING, n. In machinery, a form of slip-coupling applied in light machinery for the pur- pose of regulating the velocity of the connected shaft at pleasure. It con- sists uf an epicjclic train, such as that represented by the annexed figure. The shaft A, t)n-ough which the motive power is conveyed, is continuous, and the wheel a « is fast upon it, whereas those marked b and c are loose. Tlie Rifferf ntial Oonpling. two pinions dd (only one of which is necessary) have their bearings in the wheel c f, and gear with the two wheels a a and b. Motion being given to the shaft A, the wheel i, which is loose, revolves in a direction contrary to the wheel a a, which is fixed, and the wheel c c remains at rest ; but the mo- tion of the wheel b being opposed by means of the friction-gland e, which can be tightened at pleasure by the screw/, tlie teeth of that wlieel become fulcra to the carrier-pinions dd, and these carry round the wheel cc, which gear- ing with the wheel k on the second sliaft, communicates motion to it of any degree of velocity not greater than half that of the driving-shaft. DIFFEREN'TIAL DUTIES, n. In taxation, duties which are not levied equally upon the produce or manufac- tures of different countries ; as, when a tax on certain commodities is lighter in one country than it is on the same commodities in another country. Such duties are also called discriminating duties. DLFFEREN'TIAL GEAR.n. InmecA., a combination of toothed wheels, by which a differential motion is produced — as exemplified in the annexed cut. The wheels a and b. slightly dhferent in diameter, being fast on the same axis, and in gear with the wheels c and rfon separate axes, when motion is com- DiHi?Tential Geur. municatcil to the system, the velocities of the axes of c and d differ proportion- ally to the difference to the diameters of the respective wheels upon them, or to their numbers of teeth. This com- bination is extensively employed in lathes and boring-machines. DIFFEKEN TIAL MOTION, 77. In 7/ieo/i., an adjustment by which a single combination is made to produce such a velocity-ratio, as by ordinary arrange- ments would require a considerable train of mechanism jtracticalhj to re- duce the velociry. The Chinese \^ind- lassisan example of this kind of motion. The two cylinders A and B, arc a little different in dianieter, having a common 134 axis, and the cord winding from the one upon the other when the ax'S is made to revolve, by which means a vertical motion is communicated to the Q^^l> Diflt;ieiiti«l HoUon. pulley C equal to half the difference of the horizontal velocities of the two cylinders A and B ; or equal to the velocity that would be obtained if the centre of the pulley C were suspended by a cord wrapped round a single barrel, whose radius is half the differ- ence of the radii of the cylinders A and B. Thus, although theoretically a barrel with a radius equal to that difference would do as well as the double barrel, yet its diameter in prac- tice would be so small as to make it useless from weakness; whereas, the barrels of the differential combination may be of any diameter and strength necessary for the weights to be lifted ySee Double-axis Machine under Wheel.] When a differential motion is effected by means of toothed wheels, the combination takes the name of differential gear, — ichich see. DIFFEREN'TIAL SCREW, n. In mcch., a compound screw, whereby a differential motion is produced — as ex- emplified by the annexed figure. The pitch of the threads at A and B being DlfTerenluvl ocrev/, different, when motion is communi- cated to the screw, the piece C (pre- vented from revolving) is made to slide parallel to the axis, by a quantity equal to the difference of the pitches of the two parts A and B in each revolution. — Hunter's sci'ejc,— ichich see — is an- other example of the same kind. DlF'FI€ULT,t V- f- To make difficult; to impede. DIF'FICULTATE,! r /. To render difficult. DIF FICULTED, pp. Perplexed; in difficulty. [American.l DIFFIDE', mstead of DIF'FIDE. DIFFORM'ITY, instead of DIF'- FORMITY. DIFFVSIBIL ITY, instead of DIF- FUSIBU/ITY. DIFFU SION, 77. [add.] Diffusion of heat, a term employed to express the modes by which the equilibrium of heat is effected, viz., by conduction, radia- tion, and by convection. — DiXhtsion volume, a term employed to express the different disposition of gases to inter- change particles. Tlius the diffusion DILUTE DINGHY DIOGENES'S-CRAB volume of aii'^is 1, and that of hydro- gen gas 3*S.3. — Diffusion tube, an instru- ment for determining the rate of dif- fusion for diifei'ent gases. DIF'LUAN, n. A chemical compound obtained by the iiction of heat on all- oxanie acid. It is not crystallizable, is very soluble in water, and possesses no acid properties. DIG, n. A poke ; a punch ; as, a dig in tlie side. — Metaphorically, a reproof. DIGAS'TRI€, a. [add.] Dhjastric groove*a, longitudinal depression of the mastoid process, so called from its giv- ing attachment to the digastric muscle. DI6EST', V. t. [add.] To put up with ; to endiu-e; to bear with an effort what provokes anger or repugnance ; as, to dioestan indignity; to rfjj/e^/ un offence. DIGEST'EDLY, adv. In a well-ar- ranged manner. DI<>EST'IBLENESS, «. Quality of beint: digestible. DlOES'TIVE,rt. [add.] Digestive caviUj , in phj/siol., the stomach. DIG'GABLE, a. That may be digged. DIG'GINGS, n. A word first used at the Western lead-mines, in the United States, to denote places where the ore was dug. It is now employed almost exclusively to denote the different localities in California and Australia where gold is obtained. Dl6lTA'LIA. See Digitalina. DI6'ITATELY, adv. In a digitate manner. DlCi'ITATELY PIN'NATE, a. In hot., a term applied to digitate leaves, the leaHcts of whicli are pinnate. DI6ITIGRA'DA, instead of Dl6'ITI- GKADA. DI6'ITUS. n. [L.] In anat., a finger or a toe. DIG'NE.t a. [Fr.] Worthy; proud; disdainful. [Chaucer.] DIGRES'SION, 71. [add.] Transgres- sion. IShak.] DI'OYN, instead of DI'GYN. DICYN'IAN, DIG'YNOUS, instead of DIGYNI'AN, DIGY'NOUS. DIIAM'BUS, n. In prosody, a double iambus, a foot consisting of two iam- buses. DILATABII/ITY, instead of DILA- TABIL'ITY. DlLATA'TION,n. [add.] The expand- ing of a body into gi-eater bulk by its own elastic power. DILEM'MA, 71. [add.] Horns of a di- lemma, an expression which relates to a dilemma which takes hold both ways; if a person is not caught by the one antecedent or consequent, he must be caught by the other. DILETTANT', n. \ It.] One who treats art empirically ; a lover of art, who is not satisfied with looking and enjoy- ing, but must needs criticise without a shadow of qualification for so import- ant a function. The dilettant hohls the same relation to the artist that the bungler does to the arti.'^an. DILETTANT'ISiM, n. The practices or opinions of dilettants. DILIGENCE, n. [add.] A diUgent person. [^Shah.] DILL, V. t. To soothe; to still ; to calm. Probably the same as to dull. [North of Emjland.] DIL'LY, «. A kind of stage-coach ; a corruption of diligence. DIL'LY-DAL'LY, v. i. To loiter; to delay; to trifle. [CuUuquiaL] DILUTE', I", I. To become attenuated or diluted. DILUT'ER,72. He or that which dilutes. \ DILU'VIAL FORMATION, u. In I oeol.y the name given to the superficial ' deposits of gravel, clay, sand, &c., which Me far from their original sites on hills and iu other situations, to which no forces of water now in action could transport them. DILU'VION, n. SaniQ as Diluvium. DILU'VIUM, n. [add.] A deluge or in- undation ; an overflowing. DIMEN'SION, n. [add.] Outline; su- pei-ficies ; shape. [Shah.] DIMEN'SION,t V. i. To suitorpropor- tion as to size ; to make agree in mea- sure. DIMEN'SIONED, a. Having dimen- sions. DI'MERA, ^ 77. [Gr. la, twice, and DI'MERANSj ^£j«, apart.] Asec- tion of homopterous insects, in which the tarsi are tvro-jointed, as iu the aphidje. DIM'-EYED, a. Having indistinct vi- sion. DI MID'I ATE, a. Same as Dimidiated. DIMIN ISUED INTERVAL, n. In music, an interval that is short of its quantity by a lesser semitone. DIiMIN'ISHING-STUFF, n. In ship - building^ planks wrought under the wales, diminishing gradually till they come to the thickness of the bottom plank. DIMIN'UTIVE. a. [add.] Having the power of diminishing or lessening; that abridges or decreases ; as, a thing di- minutive of liberty. [iShafiesbury.] DIM'MISH, a. Somewhat dim ; obscure. DIMORPH'ISil, n. [Gr. hs, twice, and ^oj^jj, form.] In crystallotjraphy, the property of assuming two incompatible forms; the property of crystallizing in two distinct forms not derivable from each other. Thus, sulphur assumes one form when crystallizing at a high temperature, and another wholly dif- ferent when becoming solid at the or- dinary temperature. DIMORPH'OUS, a. A term applied to a substance whose crystals occur in two distinct forms. Thus, the crjstals of sulphate of nickel, if deposited from an acid solution, are square prisms; but if from a neutral solution, they are right rhombic prisms. niMOTUS. In bot.y somewhat remote. DIMYA'RIA, n. [Gr. In, twice, and fjuj;, a muscle.] A general name for those bivalves whose shells are closed by two adductor muscles, distinct and widely removed from eacli other, as in the mussel. The two muscular attach- ments are always very visible on tiie inside of the shell. DiN'ER-OUT, n. One who dines out, or in company. DIN'GHY, S «. A boat varying in size DIN'GHI, { m different localities: DIN'GHEE, f the dinghies of Bombay DIN'GEY, J are twelve to twenty feet long, five to seven feet broad, and about two feet deep, with a raking mast, and navigated by three or four men ; they sail well, and carry persons to and from the sliips, and to the islands of Elephanta, &c. The dinghies of Cutcli are thirty to fifty feet long, and twenty to one hundred tons burden ; built of jungle and teak wood, and have a crew of twelve to twenty men. The dinghies of Calcutta are small passage-boats for the poorer classes, rarely used with a sail ; they are not painted, but merely rubbed with nut-oil, which imparts to tlicm a sombre colour. This name is 105 now also applied to a ship's small- boat. DIN'GO, n. The Australian dog {Cani.t familiaris Australis). It is of a wolf- like appearance, and is extremely fierce. The ears are short and erect, tlie tail rather bushy, and the hair is of a red- dish-dun colour; this variety of dog does not bark. DIN'ING, a. Pertaining to dinner. DIN'ING-HALL, n. A hall for a com- pany to dine in. DIN'ING-TABLE, n. A table at which dinner is taken. DINK, a. Neat; trim; tidy; contemp- tuous; scornful of others. [Scotch.'\ DIN'MONTS, n. Wethers between one and two years old, or that have not yet been twice shorn. [Scotch.\ DIN'NA. Do not. [Scotch.^ DIN'NER-TABLE,?j. Atableatvv'hich dinner is taken. DIN'NLE, n. A thrill; a vibration ; a tremulous motion. [Scotch.] DINOR'NIS, \n. [Gr. ha.os, terrible, DEINOR'NIS, f and c^m, a bird.] A genus of extinct birds, of a gigantic size, which formerly inhabited New Zealand. The species (of which five have been recognized) resembled in some respects tiie ostrich, but were of a much larger size. The largest must Ji Diuomis restored. have stood at least ten feet and a half in height, and probably more; several of its bones are at least twice the size of those of the ostrich ; but the body seems to have been more bulky in pro- portion, and the tarsus was shorter and stouter, in order to sustain its weight. By the natives of New Zealand they are called moa. DINOX'IDE, n. See Dioxide. DINT' IN G, 2?pr. [add.] Striking. [S'pe7)ser.] DI'OCESAN, la. [add.] Diocesan DIOCESAN, f courts, the consis- torial or consistory courts. [See Con- .sisTORV in this Supp.] DIOCESAN, or DIOCESAN, 11. DIOCES'ENER,t n. One who be- lougs to a diocese. DIO DIA, 71. A genus of West Indian plants, nat. order Cinchonaceae. The species are rather pretty trailing shrubs, with small white tlowers; many of them grow by way-sides. DICE'CIA. instead of DICECIA. DIOG'ENES'S-CRAB, n. A species of ccenobita, somewhat like our hermit- crab, found in the West Indies; so called from its selecting a shell for its residence, like as the cynic philosopher did his tub. [See cut Paguuians in Diet.] DIECA. BISAVOWER DISCONTENT PI06'ENES'S-€UP, n. In anat, a term applied to the cup-like cavity of the hand, formed by bending the me- tacarpal bone of the little finger. DIORA'MA, 71. [add] A building in which are exhibited tiie scenic paintings which bear the same name. DIORIS TI€AL. Same as Diokistic. DI'ORITE. H. A variety of greenstone. DIORIT I€, a. Resembling diorite; containing diorite. DIORTHO'SIS, n. [Gr. from S-ajS**, to correct.] The reduction of a fracture or dislocation. DIPAS'€HAL, a. Including two pass- overs. DIPLOMACY, n. [add.] Dexterity or skill in managing negotiations, &c. ; the art of conducting negotiations and arranging treaties between nations ; the branch of knowledge which regards the principles of that art, and the rela- tions of independent states to one an- other. DIP'LOMATE. n. A diplomatist. DIPLOMATIAL, a. Diplomatic. [Rar. tts.] DIPLOMAT'ie, a. [add.] Pertaining to diplomacy. DIPLOMATICALLY, adv. Accord- ing to the rules or art of diplomacy. DIPLOPIA, rt. [Gr. hrXtZt, double, and A-4'. the eye.] A disease of the eye, in which the patient sees an object double or treble. DiPLOP'TERA,n. [Gr. iirx^Zs, double, and a-r£jf», a wing.] A group of aculeate hymenopterous insects, having the up- per wings folded longitudinally when at rest, as in the hornet, &c. DIPLOP'TERUS, n. [Gr. ;^.tA.3.-, double, and v-^tt^vl a ^nng or fin.j A genus of fishes irith herring-shaped bodies, belonging to the family Salmo- nid^B. DIFLOTAX'IS, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Cruciferre. It has a com- pressed pod and subconvex valves, and the seeds oblong or oval, arranged in two rows. There are two British species, J5. tenuifolia and D. nwralis, the former a fetid plant with large yellow flowers, and growing on old walls. DIPLOZO'ON, n. [Gr. 3iT/*?f, double, and i>i>,, an animal.] A parasitic worm which infests the gills of tlie bream, and which appears to be formed of two distinct bodies united in the middle, and resembling an X or St. Andrew's DIPNEUMO NE^, n. [Gp. S-,-, twice, and a-.£i/,ua(f, a lung.] A section of spi- ders which have only two pulmonary sacs. DIP PEL'S-OIL, H. An animal oil ob- tained by the destructive distillation of animal matter, especially of albuminous and gelatinous substances. DIPSO SIS, n. [Gr. from h^^, thirst.] Morbid thirst ; excessive or impaired desire of drinking. DIP TEUANS, It. Same as Dipteba. DIPTEROUS, a. Having two wings ; pertaining to the order of insects called diptera ; applied also to seeds which have their margins prolonged in the form of wings. DIPTERYG lANS, n. [Gr. 3.,-, twice, and !rn;y5-<6», a tin.] A family of fishes, comprising those which have only two fins. DIP'TYCHTJM, n. See Diptych. DIR'CA, H. An American genus of plants, nat. order Thymeleaceie. There is only a single species, D. palustiiSt which grows in watery places. It is remarkably tough in ail its parts ; the twigs are used for making rods, the bark for ropes, baskets, &c. The bark is acrid, and produces heat in the sto- mach, and brings on vomiting ; in small doses, it acts as a cathartic. The fruit possesses narcotic properties DIRD'CM, n. Tumult; uproar; da- mage; passion. [Scotch.l DIRECT . r. t. [add.] To inscribe with the address; to superscribe iNith the name, or with the name and abode of the person to whom a letter or other thing is sent. Instead of direct, we now generally use, in this sense, address. DIRECTION, n. [add.] Xumber of direction, the number of days after the 22d of March, including both days, upon which Easter Sunday takes place. DIREt.'T'ORSHIP,"n. The condition or office of a director. DIRECTRIX, n. [add.] InnwM.,aUne perpendicular to the axis of a conic sec- tion to which the distance of any point in the cun-e is to the distance of the same point from the focus in a constant ratio ; also, the name given to any line, whether straight or not, that is re- quired for the description of a curve. DIR'GEE, n. In the East Indies, a na- tive domestic tailor, or seamster. DIRL, r. i. To tingle; to thrill ; to vi- brate; to shake. [Scotch.] DIRT'-EATING, n. Cachexia Afri- cana, a disease observed among the ne- groes. DIRT'-PIE, n. A form moulded of clay, in imitation of pastrv. DISABILITY, n [add] A legal inca- pacity in a person to inherit lands, or enjoy the possession of them, or to take that benefit which otherwise he might have done, or to confer or grant an estate or benefit on another. This legal disability may arise in four ways — by the act of the ancestor, as when he is attainted of treason or murder ; by the act of the party himself, as when a person is himself attainted, outlawed, &:c. ; by the act of law, as when a man is an alien bom ; by the act of God, as in cases of idiotcv, lunacv, &c. DISA'BLE, V. t. [add.] To detract from ; as, to disable henei^ts. [Skak.] DISABLED, pp. [add.] Impeached; as, he disabled mv judgment. [Shah.] DISAFFECT', t\t. [add.] To shun. DISAFFE€l''ED,i>/>.ora. add.J Mor- bid ; diseased. [Hudibras.] DISALLOW, V. i. To refuse permis- sion ; not to grant. DISALLY', V. t. [add.] To undo; to dissolve ; to annul ; as, to disaliy nup- tials. [Milton.] DISANNUL, f. f. To make void; to annul. This word, which is in good use, is of the same meaning as annul. DISANNUL'LER, n. One who makes nuU. DISANNrL'LING,n. The act of mak- ing void. [Hebreics.] DISANNUL'MENT, «. Annulment. DISARRAY', V. i. To undiess, or strip one's selt\ DISARRAYED',/)p. Instead of 'throw- ing into disorder," read " throtcti into disorder." DISARRAYED', ;>i>r. instead of DIS- ARRAYING, ;.i)r. DISAVAUNCE ,t i\ t. (disavauns'.) 1 Fr.] To diive back. ! Chaucer.] DISAVEN TURE,t n. [Fr.] Jlisfor- tune. [Chaucer.] DISAVOWEK, n. One who disa- vows. DISBANT)'MENT. n. The act of dis- bandintr. DISBARRING, «. In law, the expel- ling of a barrister from the bar, a power vested in the benchers of the four inns of court, subject to an appeal to the fifteen judges. DISBURD EN,r. t. [add.] To discharge the fseces; to ease by stool. [5u"(fl.] DISCAND'ERING, ppr. Disquander- ing ; squandering. [Shak.^ DISCAPACITATE, v. t. To incapa- citate. DISC-COUPLING, n. In miU-icork, a kind of permanent coupling consisting of two discs keyed on the connected ends of the two shafts. In one of the discs are two recesses, into which two correspondiDg projections on the other disc are received, and thus the two discs become locked together. This kind of coupling wants rigidity, and must be supported by a journal on each side, but it possesses the double advan- tage of being easily adjusted and dis- connected. DISCHARGE', H [add.] In arcA., the relief given to a beam or other piece of timber when too much loaded by a superincumbent weight. DISCHARGE', V. t. [add.] In arch., to relieve a beam or any other piece of timber which is too much loaded by a superincumbent weight. "NVhen tlie relief is given, the weight is said to be discharned. DISCHARGE' OF FLUIDS. See un- der the verb Discharge. DISCHARGE-VALVE, K. In a marine steam-cnijine, a valve which covers the top of the barrel of the air-pump, and opens upwards. It prevents the water which is forced through it on the as- cent of the piston from returning. DISCHaR6'ING-ROD, n. See Dis- charger. DISCiD'ED,t PP- [L. discindo.] Di- vided ; cleft in two. [Spenser.] DISCIPLINABLE, instead of DIS- CIPLINABLE. DIS CIPLINABLENESS, instead of DISC I PL IN ABLE NESS. DIS'CIPLINAL, a. Relating to disci- pline; disciplinary. [Rare.] DISCLAIM ER, n. [add.] Act of dis- claiming ; abnegation of pretensions or claims. DISCLAMA'TION,t "■ The act of disclaiming ; a disavowing. DISCLOSED ,t pp. Disengaged; un- tied. [Spenser. \ DISCLOSE', V. I. To burst open; to open; to gape. [Tltomson.] DlSC0M'FORTEN,t v. t. To discou- I rage. [Cltaucer.] \ DISCOMPT',t n. (discount'.) Discount. DISCONCERT,! n. Disunion; dis- agreement. DISCONDC CIVE, a. Not conducive; disadvantageous; obstructive; imped- ing. DlSCON'SOLANCY,t n. Disconso- lateness. i DISCONTENT', n. [add.] One who is DISGRASTE DISPENSATOR DISSEIZORESS discontented; a malcontent. [Shah- speare.] DISeONTINTJEE, n. Inlaw, one of whom something is discontinued. DIS€ONTIN'UOK,7i. In /aw, one who discontinues. DIS€OR'PORATE,t a. Deprived of corporate privileges. DISCOURSE'.n. [add.] A shifting of ground, and traversing to and fro, a.s a combatant. \Spense7'.] — In logic, an operation of the mind usually called reasoning, or the act of proceeding from one jivignient tp another, founded upon that one, or the result of it. DISeOURSE', V. t. [add.] To utter or give forth; as, to discourse excellent music. I)IS€OUR'TEOUSNESS,n. Incivility ; discourtesy. DISeOVERT, )!. In ?air, awidow; a ■woman unmarried, or not within the bonds of matrimony. \Sec Covert.] DIS€OV'ERTE,t a. [Er.] Uncovered, [Chaucer.'] DIS€RED'ITOR, n. One who dis- credits. DISCREET', o. [add.] Civil. [Scotch.'] DIS€RE'TION, n. [add.] Civility. DISCRIMEN, n. [L.] A separation; a distinction. DISCRIMINATORY, a. Discrimina- tive. DISeUST',tpp. [See Discuss.] Shaken off. [Spenser.] DISDEIN'OUS,t a. [Fr.] Disdainful. [Chaucer.] DISEASE', n. [add.] Uneasiness; dis- content. [5AaA.] DISEAS'ED, pp. [add.] Ill at ease. [Spenser.] DISExMBARKA'TION, n. Act of dis- embarking. DISEMBOWEL, v. i. [add.] To de- prive of the bowels, or of parts analo- gous to the bowels. DISEMBO WELLED, a. Drawn along floatingly ; trailing down. ] Speitser.] DISENCHARM', v. t. To free from in- cantation. DISENCRESE',t n. [Fr.] Diminution. [Chaucer.] DISENCRESE'.t i;. t. [Fr.] To de- crease. [Chaucer.] DISENCUM'BRANCE, n. [add.] Re- lease from debt ; as, the disencumbrance of an estate. DISENFRAN'CHISE, v. t. To deprive of privileges or rights ; to disfranchise. DISENFRAN'CHISEMENT, n. The act of disenfranchising ; distVanchise- ment. DISENGAGED', pp. [add.] Free from absence of mind. [Swift.] DISENTAN'GLE, v. i. To get free from perplexity or confusion ; to be- come distinct. DISENTANGLEMENT, n. Act of disentangling ; freedom from difficulty. DISENTOJIB', V. t. To take out of a tomb ; to disinter. DISENTRAYLE',t ". t. [Fr. desen- irailler.] To draw or drag forth ; to disembowel. [Spenser.] DISENTRAYL'ED,t PP. See Disen- TRAYLE in this Supp. DISFIG'URE. Insteadof Ji. insertv./. DISFlG'URE.tn. Deformity. [Chau- cer.] DISGORGE', V. t. [add.] In a .Hgura- tive sense, to yield up or give back what had been seized upon as one's own ; as, to disgorge his ill-gotten gains. DISGRAD'ING,tM)r. Degrading. DISGRASTE',t ?'P. Disgraced; disso- lute ; debauched. [SpCTiser.] I. — Surp. DISGUIS'EDLY, ada. With disguise. DISGUST'FULNESS.n. State of being disgustful. DISHABIL'ITATE,ii t. To disqualify; to disentitle. DISHAB'LED,tpp.Disabled;lessened. [Spenser.] DISHED'-WHEELS, n. Wheels which are concave on one side and convex on the other, the spokes being inclined to the nave. Such wheels are not upright, or perpendicular to the axle-tree, but are nearer to each other below than at the top. DISHER'ITOR, n. One who puts an- other out of his inheritance. DISHEV'ELE,ti'P. [Fr.] DisheveUed. [ Chaucer.] DISH'FUL, n. As much as a dish will hold. DISHON'OURABLENESS,n. Quality of being dishonourable. DISIMl'ROVE', B. (. and i. To render worse, or grow worse. DISIN€OR'PORATE,t a. Disunited from a body or society. DISINFECT' ANT. n. An agent for destroying miasmata, or for removing the causes of infection, as chlorine. DISINHERITANCE, n. Act of disin- heriting. DISINTHRAL'MENT, instead of DISINTHKALLMENT. DISINVESTITURE, n. The act of depriving of investiture. DISJASKIT, 7)2). or a. Jaded; decayed; worn out. [Scotch.] DISJEG'TA MEMBRA, n. plur. [L.] Scattered members or limbs. DISJOIN', 11. i. To be separated; to part. DISJOINT', n. [Fr.] A difficult situa- tion. [ChaucerT] DEJUn'J'' }"• Breakfast. [Scotch.] DISK, n. [add.] Commonly written disc. DISLEAL',t a. [Dis, and leal.] Perfi- dious; treaeherous; disloyal. [Speiiser.] DISLIKE, V. t. [add.] To displease; as, it dislikes me. [Shah.] DISLOfA TION, n. [add.] A simple dislocation is one unattended by a wound communicating internally with the joint, and externally with the air ; and a compou?id dislocation is one which is attended by such a wound. DISLOIGNED,t a. (disloin'ed.) [Dis, and Fr. c/oi'i/ni'.J Remote; far. [Spen- ser.] DISMXR'SHAL, t'. t. To derange; to disorder. DISMAY', V. i. To stand aghast with fear; to be confounded with terror. [Shah.] DISMAYD', o. [Di.s-, and made.] Ugly; ill-shaped. [Spenser ] DISOBEIS'ANT.t a. [Fr.] Disobe- dient. [Chaucer.] j DISOBLIGE', D.<. [add.] To disconnect; i followed bv/rom. DISORDEiN'ED,^)/). [Fr.] Disorderly. [Cliaucer.] DISORDINA'TION,t «■ Disarrange- ment. DISOR'DINAUNCE,t «• [Fr.] Irregu- larity. [Chaucer.] DISPAR'AGE.t n. [Fr.] A disparage- ment. [Chaucer.] DISPAS'SIONED, a. Free from pas- sion. DIS'PE ACE, n. Want of peace or quiet. DISPEL', V. i. To fly different ways; to be dispersed ; to disappear ; as, the clouds dispel. DIS'PENSATOR, instead of DISPEN- SA'TOR. 137 D I S P E N S E, r. f. (dispens'.) [add.] Waller uses dispense rvith, for dispense; as, to dispense with miracles; that is, to do or to perform miracles. DIS'PERANCE,t n. [Fr.] Despau'. [Chaucer.] DISPER'SAL.f n. Dispersion. DISPIR'ITED, pp. or a. [add.] Spirit- less ; tame ; wanting energy; as, a poor dispirited stvle. DISPIR'ITEDLY, adv. Dejectedly. DISPlT'OUS.t a. Angry to excess. [Chaucer.] DISPLACE'ABLE,a. That may be dis- placed or removed. DISPLACE'MENT, v. [add.] A term applied to the quantity of water dis- placed by a ship floating at rest. Its weight is equal to that of the ship. DIS'PLE.t I'. (. To discipline ; to in- flict penitentiary whippings. [Spenser.] DISPLE.\S'ER, n. One who displeases. DISPUS'AL, instead of DISPOSAL. DISPOSE', V. i. To dispose of. [add.] To sell ; sometimes without of; as, he disposed all church preferments to the highest bidder. [Swift.] DISPOS'EDNESS, n. Disposition ; in- clination. DISPOSSESS'OR, n. One who dispos- sesses. DISPOST', V. t. To remove from a post ; to displace. [Par. us ] DISPOSURE, «. [add.] Distribution ; allotment ; as, the disposure of employ- ments. [Swift.] DISPRElS'ING.t ppr. [Fr.] Under- valuing. [Chattcer.] DISPRIS'ON, V. t. To let loose from prison ; to set at liberty. DISPRIV'ILEGE, tJ. (. To deprive of a privilege. DISPROP0R'TIONALNESS,?i.Want of proportion ; disproportionateness. [Lit. us.] DlSPKoV'AL, n. Act of disproving ; disproof. DIS PUTABLE, \a [add.] Disputa- DISPU'TABLE, ( tious. [Shah.] DIS'PUTABLENESS, n. State of being disputable. DISPUTAC'ITY, n. Proneness to dis- pute. DISPUTA'TIOUSNESS, n. The qua- lity of being disputatious. DISPUTE', V. t. [add.] To force or ex- pel by disputation ; as, to be disputed out of the truth. [Atterhury.] DISPUT'ISON.t n. [Fr.] Dispute. [Chaucer.] DISQUISI'TIONAL, a. Relating to disquisition. DISQUIS'ITIVE, a. Relating to dis- quisition ; examining. DISREMEM'BER, v. t. To forget ; to choose to forget. [Southern states of America.] DISREP'UTABLY, adv. In a disreput- able manner. DISRESPECT'FULNESS, n. Want of respect. DISRUD'DERED, pp. Deprived of the rudder. DISRU'LILY,+ adv. Irregulariy. [ Chau- cer.] DISRUPT', V. t. To separate; to break asunder. DISSAVEN'TURES,t n. plur. [It. dis- aventura.] Misfortunes. [.'dd.] To outdo, in general. DIS TANCE, n. [add.] In horse-racing, distance is a length of 240 yards from the winning-post ; at this point is placed the distance-poKt. K any horse has not reached this distance-post before the first horse in that heat has reached the w inning-post, such horse is said to be distanced, and is disqualified for run- ning again during that race. —Law of distances, a curious law observed by Professor Bode of Berlin, which is thus expressed: — "The iutei-vals between the planetary orbits go on doubling, as we recede from the sun, or nearly so." DISTAN TIAL,t a. Remote in place ; distant. DISTASTE', V. t. [add.] To spoil the taste or relish of a thing. DISTASTE'FULLY,at/i\ In adispleas- ing or offensive manner. DISTE:irPEREDNESS, n. State of | being distempered. l DISTIL', instead of DISTIL, v. i. I DISTILL' ATE, n. In chem., a fluid distilled, and found in the receiver of a distilling anparatus. , DISTILLATION, n. [add.] Dru dis- \ tiUation, a term applied to the distilla- ] tion of substances perse, or without the I addition of water. — Distillation per ' lotus, a mode of distillation in which the vapour passes laterally from the re* tort to the receiver, where it is con- densed. — Distillation per ascensum, a mode of distillation in which the vapuur ascends into the head of the still, and thence passes into the worm before it is condensed. — DistiUation per descr?'- sum, a mode of distillation in which tha vapour descends into a lower cavity of the vessel to be condensed, the fire be- ing placed over the materials. D1STIN€T'URE, n. Distinctness. : [Rare.] I DISTIN'GUEr,t pp. [Fr.] Distiu- I guished. [Chaucer.] DiSTIN'GUISHABLENESS, n. State of being distinguishable. ■ DISTIN'GUISHABLY, adv. So as to I be disiinguished. 1 DISTIN'GUISHEDLY, adv. In a dis- tinguished manner; eminentlv. [5ic(!./i!.] DIS'TOMA,n.[Gi J.s, twice, and tf-«,c^«, the mouth.] A genus of intestinal worms, including those that have two suckers or organs of adhesion, of which the anterior aloue is a true mouth. The species are numerous. Several inhabit the hepatic vessels of sheep and other ruminant animals. The most celebrated is the liver-fluke {D. hepaticum). DISTOKT'IVE, a. Forming or having distortions. DISTORT'OR-0'RIS,n. [L.J Inanat., a name given to one of the zygomatic muscles, from its distorting the mouth, as in rage, grinning, iScc. DISTOUR'BLED,t pret. [Fr.] Dis- turbed. [Chaucer.] DISTRA€T'IBLE,a. Capable of being drawn aside. DISTRACTIONS, «. Detachments. [Shah.] DISTRAINER, n. He who seizes a dis- tress. DISTRAUGHT'ED,t pp. (dis- traut'ed.) Distracted. [Spe7iser.] DISTRESS', n. [add.] In late, distress, in its most simple form, may be stated to be the taking of personal chattels out of the pc ssession of an alleged defaulter, or wTong-doer, for the purpose of com- pelling him, through the inconvenience resulting from the withholding of such personal chattels, to perform the act in respect of which he is a defaulter, or to makecompensationforthe wrong wliich he has committed. Distresses may be had for various kinds of injuries, and as a means of enforcing process, or the performance of certain acts in various cases, but the most usual injury for which a distress may be taken is that of non-pa>-ment of rent. The subject of , distress is one of great extent, and in ! the £ii. t.] To render divine ; to deify ; to consecrate ; to sanctify. [Spenser.] DIVINE',t n. Divinity. [Chaucer.] DIVINE', a [add.] Simply spiritual. [Shah.] DIVIN'ING-ROD, n. A rod, usually of hazel, with forked branches, by means of which it has been superstitiously be- lieved that minerals and water may be discovered in the earth. The rod, if carried slowly along in suspension, dips and points downwards, it is affirmed, when brought over the spot where the concealed mineral or water is to be found. DIVIN'ISTRE,t «■ [Fr] A divine. 1 Chaucer.] DIVIS'IBLY, adv. In a divisible man- ner. DIVORCE', 71. [add.] The cause of any penal separation. Tlie inn<; dimrce oi steel f 1II9 on me. Shnk, DIVORCE',!). «. [add,] To separate hiis - band and wife ; to separate ; as a mar- ried woman from the bed and board of her husband. DIVORCED', pp. [add.] Separatedfrom bed and board. DIVORCEE', n. A person divorced. DIVORCING, i>pr. [add.] Separating from bed and board. DIVOT, n. A thin flat turf, genernUy of an oblong form, used for thatching houses and for fuel. [Scotch.] DIVULGE', V. i. To become public ; to be made known. [Shah.] DIVUL'SION,/!. [add.] Violent separa- tion or breach of concord. DO,t n. A feat; a deed; bustle. [See Ado.] DO. Abbreviation for ditto. DO, V. t. [add.] To do one the honour, an expression of civility, signifying simply to honour or favour one ; as, will you do me the honour to dine with me to-morrow? — What's to do here? what is the matter here ? what is all this about? [Shah.] — To rfo is also used ! colloquially, a.s a noun, to signify bustle, stir, ado. — What do you here ? what is your business here? or, why are you here? DO, V. i. [add.] To contrive; to find means ; as, how sliall we do for money for these wars ? [Shah.] DO'AB, \n. IntheEasI Indies, eLtract DOO'AB, J of country between two rivers. DO'AND,t ppr. Doing. [Chaucer.] DOB'CHICK, n. The Podiceps minor, a palmiped bird of the grebe kind. DO'BEE, ?!. In the East Indies, a native washer-man. DOBEREI'NER'S LAMP, n. A con- trivance for producing an instantaneous I.IQ DobereSner'8 Limp light, discovered by Professor Dobe- reincr, of Jena, in 1824. The light is produced by throwing a jet of hydro- gen gas upon recently-prepared spongy platinum, when the metal instantly becomes red hot, and then sets Are to the gas. la the figure, A and B are two glass-vessels, fitting tightly upon each other, the up- per glass terminat- ing below by a tube c. The lower end of the tube c lias a piece of zinc d slipped on it, sup- ported by a piece of cork e below it. Let the vessel B be about three-parts filled with dilute sulphuric acid, and the vessel A, with its tube, zinc, &c., put in its place ; the acidulated water will act upon the zinc, producing hydrogen gas, which, when a quantity has accumulated, will exert sufficient pressure upon the surface of tlie water in B to force a part of it up the tube c into A; as the ^vater is driven up, the zinc becomes uncovered, and no more gas is formed. By turning the stop-cock, the gas passes out of the jet /on to the spongy platinum in g, which becomes red-hot, and lights the gas, while the pressure being removed, the water sinks out of A, again covers the zinc, and produces a fresh supply. DOB'HASII, n. In tlie East Indies, an interpreter ; one who speaks two lan- guages. DOB'ULE, n. A fresh-water fish {Leu- cisais dobula), allied to the roach, found in some of the rivers and streams of this country. DOCE'T^>, n. [Gr. «.;-.» to seem ] An ancient heretical sect, who maintained that Christ acted and suffered only in appearance. DOCH-AN-DOR'ACH, n. [Gael.] A stirrup-cup; a parting-cup. [Scotch.] DOCK, V. t. [add.] To dock a vessel, to pl.ice her in a dry-docli, maintaining her in an upright position upon blocks by the assistance of shores or sliding-blocks. DOCK'AGE, {n. Charges for the DOCIC'-DUES, f use of docks. DOCK'EN, n. The dock, a plant. [Scotch.] DOCK'ET, n. [add.] To strich a dochef, in laic, is said of a creditor who gives a bond to the lord-chancellor, engaging to prove his debtor to be a bankrupt, whereupon a fiat of bankruptcy is is- sued against the debtor. DOCTOR, n. [add.] A thin plate of steel, used in scraping off the colour or mordant from copper-plates in calico-printing. [Supposed to be a corruption of abductor.] DOCTOR-FISH, n. A name applied to the species of exotic fish belonging to the genus Acantliurus, and so called from a curious glassy lancet which they have on each side of the tail. DOD'DED, a. Being without horns, as sheep or cattle. DOD'DIE, ) 71. A cow without horns. DOD'DY, f [Scotch.] DODEeAG'YNOUS,a. In 6o«., having twclvfi stvlcs DODEeASYL'LABLE, n. A word of twelve syllables. DOD6E, n. A trick ; an .irtifice ; an evasion. [Colloq.] DOLABELLA DOAUCILE DONI DODGE, V. i. [add.] To pursue craftily and unremittingly ; to dog. [AdiUson.'\ DOE, I'. (. or i. for Do. — Doe well, cause to flow. [.Sec Well, u. i.J [Spenser. '\ DOE'SKIX, n. The skin of a doe ; a compact twilled woollen cloth for trousers. DOF'FER, n. In a carding'inachiney a revolving cylinder, which doffs ur strips off the cotton from the cards. DOG, n. [add.] A catch or clutch in machinery. DOG' AX, a. Belonging to, or pertaining to dogs. [Xot authorized.^ DOGA'NA, n. [It.] A custom-house. DOG'-DAY, n. [add.] According to the almanacs, the dog-days begin on the 3d of July, and end on the 11th of August. DOG'-FAN'CIER, n. One who has a taste for dogs, and who keeps them for sale. I D0G'-FISH,7(. [add.] The rough skin of , the dog-fish (Sci/llium catulus) Is used ! by joiners and ot her artificers in polish- ing various substances, particularly wood. DOG'-FOX, n. The male of the fox. DOG'GISHNESS, n. The quality of being doggish. i DOG'-IiEEPER, n. One who keeps dogs. ' DUG'-LiCHEN,n. Aplantofthegenus | Peltidea, the P. canina. It is also known by the name of ground liver- : wort; it grows on the ground among I moss, &e., and is an imaginary cure for hydrophobia. DOGMAT'ie, H. One of a sect of ancient physicians, called also Dogma- tists, in contradistinction to Empirics and Methodists. DOGMAT'ieS, n. plur. [add.] The science or art of teaching. I DOG'-MATIST, h. [add.] One of a sect of ancient physicians, of which Hippocrates was the first. They an- swer to what are now called scientific physicians. ! DOG'AIATORY, a. Dogmatical. {Rar. | D0G'S-CAB'BA6E, n. A plant of the | genus Thelvgonum, the T. c/nocrambe. I DOG'S-FEN'NEL,«. A plant or weed ; ' called also corn -camomile. | DOG'S-GRASS, n. See Dog-Grass, j DOG'SHIP, H. Curship; the quality of a dog. DOG'-SnORES, 7?. In ship-building, pieces of timber used to prevent a ves- sel from starting while the keel-blocks are in the act of being taken out, pre- paratory to launching. DOG'S-MER'€URV, n. \ plant of the genus Mercurialis, the M. perennis. DOG'S'.TONGUE,H. Aplant; hound's- tongue. DOG'-WUELK, n. The name given by fishermen to the \assa reticulata, a common species of univalve shells, com- mon on the English coast. DOHL, n. A kind of foreign pulse, re- sembling dried pease. DOIT^ED, a. Turned to dotage ; stupid; confused. [Scotch.^ DOKE.f n. A duck. [Chaucer.] DOKIMAS'TI€. See Docimastic. DOLABEL'LA, n. [L. a little hatchet.] A genus of tectibranchiate molluscs, closely allied to the sea-hares f .Iplysia;. The species are found in the Mediter- ranean and the Eastern seas, and are so named from their shell being in Bhape like a little hatchet ; it is quite coccealed by the animal. DO'LIUM, «. [L a tun or hogshead.] A genus of mollusca, inhabiting uni- valve shells, found in the Indian, Afri- can, and South American seas. The shell is large, light, and oval, or globu- lar; the mouth «-ide and notched. One species (Z>. perdix) is known by the name of the partridge-shell. D0L':MEN. See Tolmen. DOL'ORITE, n. A variety of trap-rock. DOLORO'SO. [It] In music, noting a soft and pathetic manner. DOL'OROUSXESS, n. Sorrowful- ness. DOLTHIX, n. [add.] In a ship, a spar or buoy made fast to an anchor, and usually supplied with a ring to enable vessels to ride by it. — A mooring post placed at the entrance of a dock. It is generally composed of a series of piles driven near to each other, in a cncle, and brought together and capped over at the top. The name is also sometimes applied to the mooring -post placed along a quay or wharf. DOL'PHIX-FLY, n. An insect of the aphis tribe, destructive to beans. DOLT'ISHLY, adv. In a doltish man- ner; stupidly. DOI/VEX.t pp. from Delve. Buried. [Chaucer.] DOM, n. [h. dominus.] A title in the middle ages, given to the Pope, and afterwards to Roman Catholic digni- taries, and some monastic orders ; sup- posed to be equivalent to the Don of the Spaniards. DOMA'NIAL, a. Relating to domains, or landed estates. DOMBE,t a. Dumb. [Chaucer.^ DOME,i- H. Doom; judgment. [Chau- cer.] DOME'-BOOK, ) 71. A book composed DOOM'-BOOK, I under the direction of Alfred, containing the local customs of the several provinces of the kingdom. It is now lost. DOMESTICAL, a. Same as Do- mestic DOMES'TICALLY. [add] Privately; as one of a family. DOilES'TieS, n. plur. In the United States, cotton goods of American manu- facture. — 2. Domestic affairs. DOM'ETT, n. A plain cloth, of which the warp is cotton, and the weft woollen. DOMICAL, o. Related to, or shaped liiie a dome. DOM ICILE, n. [add.] In law, the place where a person has his home, or where he has his family-residence, and principal place of business. The con- stitution of domicile depends on the concurrence of two elements — 1st, residence in a place ; and 2d, the in- tention of the party to make that place his home. 7)i^miC(7c is of three kinds ^Ist, domicile of origin or nativity, depending on ' v_, that of the parents at the time of birth ; 2d, domi' cile of choice, which is voluntarily acquired by the party ; and 3d, domi- cile by operation of law, as that of a wife, arising from mai-riage. The term domicile is some- times used to signify the length of residence required by the law of some countries for the purpose of founding jurisdiction in civil actions; in Scotland residence for at 140 least forty days within the country constitutes a domicile as to jurisdic- tion. DOM'IXA, n. [L. a lady, a mistress, a dame.] In law, a title given to honour- able women, who anciently, in their own right, held a barony. DOMINANCE,) n. Predominance ; DOM'INA^XY,3 ascendency; rule; authority. [Ear. us.^ DOM INE, \n. In Scotland^ a term DOM'IXIE, f vulgarly applied to a schoolmaster or teacher. DOMINIUM, n. [L.] Sovereign power or authority ; dominion ; power to direct, control, use, and dispose of at pleasure. — Dominium directum, in feu- dal law, the superiority or interest vested in the superior. — Dominium utile, the property or the vassal's in- terest, as distinguished from the supe- riority. I DOM'INOES, n. phtr. A game played with twenty-eight pieces of ivory or bone, variously dotted, after the man- ner of dice. They are sometimes called cards. DOM INCS, n. plur. Domini. [L.] Master ; sir ; a title anciently given to a clergyman, gentleman, or lord of a manor. — 2. In civil law, one who pos- sesses anything by right. — 3. In feudal law, one who grants part of his estate in fee, to be enjoyed by another. DON, H. [add.] In ludicrous or familiar style, a term used for a person of wealth or importance^ DO'NATE, V. t In the United States, to give as a donation ; to contribute. DOXA'TION- PARTY, «. In the United States, a party consisting of the friends and parishioners of a coimtry clergyman, assembled together, each individual bringing some article of food or clothing, as a present to him. DONE,t r. (. [Sax. don.] To do; to cause. [Spejtser.] DONE. pp. [add.] Destroyed. [Shah.'] — To have done with a person or thing, is to cease to have concern or business with; to withdraw one's self from. — Done brown, thoroughly, effectually | cheated ; bamboozled. — Done for, ruined; killed; murdered. — Done up, ruined in any manner; excessively fatigued ; worn out. [The above terms are used coUoquiaUif or familiarly .] DONET,t «■ A i;rammar: theelements of any art. From ^lius Donatus, author of an Introduction to the Latin Language. [Chaucer.] DO'NI, n. A clumsy kind of boat used on the coast of Coromandel and Cey- lon; sometimes decked, and occasion- ally furnished with an out-rigger; the timbers either fastened with nails, or Doni of Coromandel only sewed together. The donis are about seventy feet long, twenty feet DOOK-STONE DOUAY BIBLE DOUBLET broad, and twelve feet deep, with a flat bottom, five to seTen feet broad in the centre, and tapering fore and aft to ten inches. They have one mast, and a lug-sail; and are navigated from land to land in iine weather only, and trade from Madras to Ceylon, and the Gulf of Manaar. DON'NA, n. [Sp. dona, a woman, a lady.] TheEnglishorthography ofduna, the title of aladyin Spainand Portugal. DONNE,t)a. Of a brown or dun DON,t ) colour. [Chaucer.} DONN{;,t "• t- To do; to put on. \_Spens£r.'\ DON'NEET, \a. Grossly stupid; DON'NARD, ) stunned. [Scotch.] DON'NISM, n. [A'eeDoN.] In the Eng- lish universities, a cant term for self- importance, or distance and loftiness of carriage. DOO, n. A dove. [Scotch.] DOOK, ^ V. i. or (. To duck; to bathe; DOUK,) to immerse under water. [Scotch.] DOUO'AT } "• ^ dove-cot. [Scotch.] DOOM, v.'t. [add.] In New England, to tax at discretion. D00M'A6E, n. In New Hampshire, a penalty or fine for neglect. DOOMS, ado. Very; absolutely; as, dooms bad, very bad. [Scotch.] DOOMS'MAN, n. A judge. [See DOMESMAN.] DOON'GA, n. A canoe made out of a single piece of wood, employed for na- vigating the marshes and the branches of the mouth of the Ganges. Tlie doongas are used by a miserable popu- lation, chiefly for obtaining salt in marshy, unhealthy tracts, infested with tigers. DOORGA, )n. A Hindoo divinity, one DUR'GA, ( of tlie names given to Pai'avati, the consort of Siva. She i3 the Amazonian champion and protec- tress of the gods, and has been com- pared to the Olympian Juno, and the Fallus or armed Minerva of the Greeks. Dooiga, rrom Coleman'6 Hindoo &l;,thology. She is represented with ten arms. In one hand she holds a spear, with which she is piercing the giant Muhisha ; in another, a sword ; in a third, the hair of the giant, and the tail of the ser- pent turned round him ; and in others, the trident, discus, axe, club, and shield. DOOK'-STANE, n. The threshold. [Scotch.] DOOR-STONE, n. Stepstono. DOREE', or DO'RT, instead of DOKEE', or DORY'. DORE'MA, n. A genus of plants, nat. ojder Umbellifera;. D. ammoniacum, a Persian species, yields the ammonia- cum of commerce, or the Persian am- moniacum. DOR'MANT,t «. [Fr.] Fixed; ready. [Chaucer.] DOR'MITIVE, a. Causing sleep ; som- niferous. DOR'MOUSE, n. [add.] The common dormouse is the Myoxus avellanarius, about the size of the common mouse ; the fat dormouse is the M. glis, a na- tive of France and the south of Europe; the garden-dormouse is the M. nitela, a native of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia. The dormice pass the winter in a lethargic or torpid state, only occasionally waking, and applying to their stock of provisions hoarded up for that season. DOR'NOt'H, instead of DOR'NOCK. DORR'-BEETLE, ) 2i. The common DOR'-BEETLE, ( black beetle, the Scarabams stercorarius, Linn., and the Geotrupes stercorarius, Fabricius. DORR-HAWK, n. The goat-sucker, Caprimulgus europaus. DORSAL, a. [add.] In anat., applied to vessels, nerves, ligaments, &c., per- taining to the back. — Dorsal vertebrce, the vertebrae situated between the cer- vical and lumbar vertebrae. — Dorsal vessel of insects, a long tube lying along the back of the insect, through which the nutritive fluid circulates. DORSE, n. A variety of the cod-fish. DOR'SEL, n. [L. dursale.] A pannier for a beast of burden ; a kind of wool- len stufi' ; a rich canopy ; the curtain of a chair of state. DOR'SI-SPINAL VEINS, n. In anat., a set of veins forming a net-work round the spinous, transverse, and articular processes and arches of the vertebra?. DOR'SO-CERVICAL RE6ION, n. In anat., the region at the back part of the neck. DOR'SUM, ?i. [add.] In conchol, the upper surface of the body of the shell, the aperture being downwards. DOR'TOUR.t "■ [Fr.] A dormitory. [Chaucer.] DORY, n. See Dokee. DORYPH'ORA, /!. In 6o(., a genus of Diatomaceaj, allied to Cocconema. DOS'EIN,t ". [Fr.] A dozen. [Chau- cer.] DOS'EL, \n. [SeeDoKSEL.] In arch., DOS'ER, j a hanging or screen of rich stuff at the back of the dais, or seat of state. Tiiere were dostrs on the dels. Ifarton. DOSOL'OGY, Ji. [Gr. Itm, a dose, and Xayoff, discourse.] A treatise on doses of medicine. DOSS, n. A hassock. [Local] — In Scotlayid, a box or pouch for holding tobacco. DOSS, V. t. To attack with the horns ; to toss. [Local.] — In Scotland, to pay ; as, to doss down money. DO'TANT, n. A dotard. [Shah.] DO'TES, n. plur. (L. dos, dolis.] Gifts or endowments. [Not used.] DOTH, (duth.) The irregular third per- son singular of Do, used in the solemn style DOT'ISH, «. Childishly fond; weak; stupid. DOT'TED, 7ip. A term applied to a defect in mahogany. DOU'AY BIBLE, n. (From Douaij, a town in France.] An English transla- 141 tion of the Scriptm-es, sanctioned by the Roman Catholic church, of which the New Testament was first printed at Rheims in 15S2, and the Old Testa- ment at Douay in 1609-10. DOUB'LE, V. i. [add.] Among printers, to set up the same word or words un- intentionally a second time. DOUB'LE or TREBLE COSTS. See Costs in this Supp. DOUB'LE-ACTING INCLINED PLANE, 71. In railways, &c., an in- clined plane worked by the gravity of the load conveyed ; the loaded waggons which descend being made to pull up the empty ones, by means of a rope passing round a ptilley or drum at the top of the plane. DOUBLE AVAIL OF MARRIA6E. In Scots law, the double of the value of the vassal's wife's tocher, due to the superior, because he refused a wife equal to him, when offered by the su- perior; but this is modified to three years' rent of the vassal's free estate. DOUBLE-BANK, i>. t. To double-bank an oar, is to have it pulled by two men. DOUBLE-BIIILDING, n. A building in which the walls are carried up double. DOUB'LE-€URVATURE. SeeCva- VATURE. DOUB'LE-ENTRY, n. Amode of book- keeping, in which two entries are made of every transaction, in order that the one may check the other. [See Book- keeping.] DOUB'LE-FLOWERED, a. Having double flowers, as a plant. DOUBLE-GILT, pp. or a. Overlaid with double coatings of gold ; as, a double-gilt button. DOUBLE-HUNG SASHES, n. In arch., when the two sashes of a window are made movable, the one upwards and the other downwards, by means of pulleys and weights, they are said to be double-hung. DOUB'LE-INSURANCE, n. In law, double - insurance is where a person, being fully insui-ed by one policy, ef- fects another on the same subject with some other insurers, in which case tlie assured may recover the amount of his actual loss against either set of under- writers, but not beyond that amount. DOUB'LET,?(. [add.] A word or phrase unintentionally doubled or set up the second time, by printers. — In a single microscope, a contrivance for correct- ing spherical aberration and chromatic dispersion, and rendering the object more clear and distinct; one form of it, the invention of Wollaston, consists of a combination of two plano-convex lenses, whose focal lengths are in the ratio of 3 to 1, placed one over the other, so that their plane sides are towards the object, and the lens of shortest focal length next the object. The adjustment of the distance between them is best accomplished by trial. The rays from the object, on passing through the first lens, are rendered convergent, and are made to pass through a small aperture between the two lenses, and the performance of the microscope depends much on the nice adjustment of the size of this aperture. Another form of doublet, proposed by Sir John Herschel, consists of a double convex lens, having different radii of curvature, and a plano-concave one placed in contact with the flatter surface of the former, and having its concavity turned towards the object DOUR DOWNS DRAGON Several other forms of doublet have been proposed. [See TRiPLExin Supii] DOUB Lli-VAULT, n. In arch., one vault built over another, with a space lietween the convexity of the one and the concavity of the other. It is used in domes or domical roofs when they are wished to present the appearance of a dome both externally and inter- DiUy, and when the outer dome, by the 1>ooiii.k-Vault3. Dome of Sdn Pietro in Montorio. Roitic. general proportions of the building, requires to be of a greater altitude than would be in just proportion if the interior of its concave surface were visible. The upper or exterior vault is therefore made to harmonize with the exterior, and the lower vault with the interior proportions of the building. DOUBLING, 71. [add.] In nmuyation, the act of sailing I'ound a cape, pro- montory, or otlier projecting point of land.— In hiinlimj, the winding and turning of a hare to deceive the hounds. DOUBT, t,. I. ^add.l To be of opinion ; to be inclined to think; as. I doubt he was concerned in tliat affair. DOUBTFULL,!,/. Doubtful; fearful. [Spcnfipr.'] DOUCEPEKE'.t n. [Fr.] One of the twelve peers (les douze pairs) of France. \ Spenser. '\ DOUCEUR', instead of DOUCEUR, pron. doo-sur'. DOUCHE, n. (doosh.) [add.] A cold af- fusion. The term is applied to a cur- rent of fluid directed to, or made to fall on some part of the body. When water is applied, it is called the liquid- douche, and when a current of vapoiu-, the vapour-duuche. According to the direction in which the current is ap- plied, it is termed the descending, the laleral. or the ascending douche. DOUCK'EH, n. \Dicer.] A local name for the web-footed bird, the great northern diver (Coli/mbus ijlacialis). DOUGH'-FACED, a. Cowardly; weakly pliable. DOUGIIT, pp. of Dow. Could; was able. [Scotch.] DOUGHTILY, adv. (dou'tily.) With doughtiness. DOUGH'TREN.t »• p'ur. Daughters. [Chaucer.l DOUK. See Dook in this Supp. DOUK'IT, pp. Ducked; bathed. [Scotch.] DOUM, n. A plant. [.S-^e Doom.] DOUP, n. Bottom; butt-end. [Scotch.] DOUR, a. Hard; inflexible; obstinate; bold; intrepid; h.ardy. [Scotch.] DOU'RA or DURA'MEN, n. In hot, heart-wood; next the centre in exogens, and next the circumference in endogens. DOURLACH, n. [Gael.] Literally, a satchel of arrows; a bundle; a knap- sack. [iSco^cft.] DOUROUCOULI, n. The name of a curious South American monkey (Aotus trivirgatus), with large eyes, which is nocturnal in its habits. DOUSE, V. i. [add.] To extinguish, as a light. DOUT,t n. Doubt; fear. [Spenser.] DOUT'ANCE,+ «. [Fr.j Doubt. [Chaucer.] DOUTE,t V. I. [Fr.] To fear. [Chau- cer.] DOUTE'LIES.t \adv. Without doubt. DOUTE'LES,t ) [Chaucer.] DOUT'OUS,t a. Doubtful. [Chaucer.] DOVE'-EYED, a. Having eyes like those of a dove. DOVE-KIE, H. Tlie name of a web- footed bird, abounding in the arctic regions ( Urias grylle). DOVE'LET, n. A little dove ; a young dove. DOVER, u. i. To slumber; to be in a state betwixt sleeping and waking. [Scotch.] DOV'ERING, ppr. Walking or riding lialf asleep, as if from the effects of liquor; besotted. [Scotch.] DO'VERS - POWDER, n. A com- pound of ipecacuanha, opium, and sul- phate of potash, employed as a sedative and sudorific. DOVE-TAIL JOINT, n. In anat., the suture or serrated articulation ; as of the bones of the head. DOW, n. An Arab boat. [See Bagcal.v.] DOW,1- V. t. [L. do] To give; to en- dow. DOW, ti. i. To be able; to possess strength ; to avail ; to profit. [Scotch.] DOW'AIRE,tn.[Fr.] Dower. [Chau- cer.] DO W'-€OT, n. Pigeon-house. [Scotch.] DOW'ED, pp. or a. Faded; vapid; de- cayed. [i'co(cA.] DOW'ELLED, instead of DOW- ELED. DOWELLING,pj)r. instead of DOW- ELING. DOWELLING, n. instead of DOW- ELING. DOWELS, )!. Pieces of wood driven into a wall, for receiving nails of skift- ings, &c. DOW'lE, a. Dull; melancholy; in bad health ; in bad tune. [Scotch.] DOWN, adv. [add.] Down in themouth, dispirited; dejected. [Vulgar.]— Doicn upon, to be down upon, or come doxcn wpon, is to seize with avidity and with rapidity, as a bird of prey pounces dotcn upon its victim. The phrase also signifies to rate one soundly ; to make a violent attack upon a person with the tongue. [Colloquial.] DOW'NA. Cannot. [Scotch.] DOWN-BYE, adv. Down the way. [Scotch.] DOWNE-WAY,t V. t. To weigh down; to counterbalance, [iiienjfr.] DOWN F.4L, instead of DOWN'- FALL, )i. [add.] Any sudden failure or miscarriage. DOWN-HAULER, n. Same as Down- Haul. DOWN'-HAWL. &eDowN-HADi,. DOWN'RIGHTNESS, n. Honest or plain dealing. DOWNS, ». [.'^ee Down or Dune.] Ele- vated banks of sand gathered along the sea-shore, by the force of the wind or 142 the waves. — Also, the name given to the well-kuown roadstead for shipping, off the east coast of Kent, between the North and South Forelands. DOWN'WARD, a. [add.] Grovelling ; stooping to baseness ; as, a downward appetite. [Dn/den. \ DOWSE, n. A slap on the face. [Vul- gar.] DOWS'ING-CHOCKS. See Donsmo- Chocks. DOZE, n. A light sleep; a slumber. DRAB, ?!. [add.] A thick woollen cloth, of a dun, or dull-brown colour. DRABBER, n. One who keeps com- pany with drabs. DRAB'BISH, a. Having the quality of a drab. DRAB'-COLOUR, n. The colour of fuller's-earth ; a dull-brown colour. DRAB'-tOLOURED, a. Of thecolour of drab ; duU-brown. DRA'€ANTH, n. A gam ; called also gum-tranacajith. DRA€H'MA,n. [add.] The drachma of the Greeks had a different value in dif- ferent states, and at different times. The average value of the Attic drachma is said to have been about O^rf. sterling. Drachma was also the name of a weight among the Greeks, of about 2 dwt. 7 grains troy. DRACI'NA, n. Same as Dracine. DRA'COLE, n. An oil obtained by heat- ing draconic acid with baryta. It is identical with anisole. DRACONIC ACID, n. An acid ob- tained by treating the essence of tarra- gon or estragon with nitric acid. It is identical with anisic acid. DRAt'O'NINE, n. A red resinous sub- stance obtained from dragon's-blood, or from the inspissated juice of Dra- ca:na draco. It is much used to colour varnishes. DKACON'TINE, a. Belonging to a dragon. DRADDE,t \pret. and pp. from Drede. DKAD,t i Feared. [Chaucer.] DRAFT, n. [add.] In the navi/, men ap- pointed to serve in particular ships of war, are said to be drafted. Draft Or draught also means an allowance for waste on goods sold by weight. It is also called clojf. The same name is given to an allowance made at the cus- tom-house on excisable goods. DRAFT'Y,ta. Draffy; of no more value than draff. [Chaucer.] DRAG, V. t. Sig. G misplaced : it be- longs to the noun, [add.] To search with a hooked instrument a river, pond, &c., for drowned persons. DRAG, 71. [add.] A contrivance consist- ing of a sharp, square frame of iron, encircled with a net, used to drag on the bottom of the water for v.irious purposes ; as, to catch Hat fish, to recover articles that have been lost, to collect shells, &c. Itis also called a drag-net. — Also, an instrument with hooks, for catching hold of things under water, and for recovering drowned per- sons. — A raft. [Local.] DRAGAN'TIN, «. A mucilage obtained from gum-tragacanth. DRAGGES,t n.plur. Drugs. [Chaucer.] DRAG'GING, ppr. [add.] Dragging the anchor. [See the Verb, sig. 6.J DRAGGLE-TAILED, a. Untidy; draggling on the ground. DRAG'ON, 71. [add.] A short species of carbine, carried by the original dra- goons. DRAG'ON, ci. Like a dragon ; fierce; formidable, [Milton.] DRAUGHT DREDELES DRIFT DRAG'ON'S-BLOOD, n. [add.] Dra- gon's-blood is of a red colour, and is used for colouiing spirit and turpentine varnishes, for tooth-tinctures and ijovv- ders, for staining marble, &c. DRAG'ON'S-WORT, n. A popular name of a plant belonging to the genus Artemisia. DRAGON-TREE, n. The Dracama draco. [5ee Dragon'sBlood.] DRAGOON'-BIRD, n. A black Bra- zilian bird, with a curious large um- brella-like crest of feathers above the bill {Ccphahpterus ornatus), DRAGOON'ER, n. An old term for a dragoon. DRaIN'A6E, n. [add.] The mode in which the waters of a country pass off by its streams and rivers ; the act or art of draining; the system of drains; that which flows out of di-ains. DRAIN ING-TILES, In. Hollow tiles DRAIN'-TILES, / employed in the formation of drains, and often em- ployed in embankments to carry off the water into the side-drains. DRAIN'-TRAPS, n. Contrivances to prevent the escape of foul air from Section cf Drain-trap. drains, but to allow the passage of water into them. DRAM'A, or DRA'MA, n. DRAM'-DRINKING, n. The practice of drinkinsr drams. DRAM'MEN -TIMBER, n. Wrong placed : see after Dram. DRAM'MOCK, n. A thick, raw mix- ture of meal and water. [Scotch.'] DRANK, 71. A local term for wild oats. DRAP, n. (dra.) [Fr.] A cloth for sum mer's wear. DRAP, n. A drop. [Scotch.] DRAP'ED, a. Adorned witli drapery. DRAPER lED, a. Furnished with di a pery. DRA'PETS.t n. plur. [See Dkapery.j Linen cloths. [Speiiser.] DRAP'PIE, n. A little drop. [Scutch.] DRAP'PIT-EGG, n. A poached egg. [Scotch.] DKAS'TieS, n. Medicines which speedily and effectually purge. DRAUGHT, n. (draft.) [add.] Resem- blance; stratagem, [^^eni-^r.] —A cur- rent of air; as, to sit in a drauuht. — Draught of water, the depth to which the lowest point of a ship sinks in w ater. If the vessel is fully laden, it is termed the toad-water draught; if unloaded, thelight-water draught. In ships of the largest size the draught is nearly thirty feet. — Draught of a chimney, the rate of motion of the ascensional current of heated air and other gases in a chimney, and which depends on the difference of the density of the rarified column inside of the chimney, as com- pared with an equal colunni of the ex- ternal atmosphere ; or on the difference of height of tile two columns of elastic fluid, supposing them reduced to tlie same standard of density. The velocity of the current is the same as that of a heavy body let fall from a height equal to that difference of the two aerial columns. DRAUGHT, a. (draft.) Used for draw- ing ; as, a draught horse. DllAUGHT'-BOARD, n. A checkered board for playing draughts. DRAUGHT'-eOMPAbSES, n. Com- passes with movable points, used for drawing the finer lines in mechanical drawings, as plans, & o. DRAUGHTS, n. (drafts.) A game some- what resembling chess, played on a checkered board. DRAUGHTS'MANSHIP,n. Theoflice or work of a draughtsman. DRAW, n. [add.] That part of a draw- bridge which is drawn up. DRAW'-BOKE, n. In joinery, a hole pierced through a tenon, nearer to the shoulder than the holes through the cheeks from the abutment in which the shoulder is to come into contact. DRAW-BORE PIN, n. A joiners tool, consisting of a solid piece or pin of steel, tapered from the handle, used to enlarge the pin-holes which are to se- cure a mortise and tenon, and to bring the shoulder of the rail close home to the abutment on tlie edge of the style. AVhen this is effected the draw-bore pin is removed, and the hole tilled up with a wooden peg. DRAW'-CUT, n. A single cut with a knife in a plant, &c. DRAWERS, n. Waiters. [Shah.] DRAWINCi, n. [add.J The distribution of prizes and blanks in a lottery. DRAWING-PEN, n. A pen used in drawing lines. DRAW ING-PENCIL, n. A black- lead pencil used in drawing. DRAWING-ROOM, n. [add.] The formal reception of evening company at a court, or by persons in high station. DRAW-LATCHES,t n. Thieves; rob- bers ; wasters, &c. DRAW-LINK, n. A contrivance in rail- way-carriages, for se- curing the several carriages of a train together. DRAWN, pp. or a. [add.] In a diffus- ed or melted state ; as, drawn butter. — Draicn and quar- I tered — for " sled," read sledge. — Why are ^om drawn? why is your sword drawn ? "'""■'■""■ [Sliah.] DRAW-PLATE, n. A steel plate, hav- ing a gradation of conical holes, through which wires are drawn to be reduced and elongated. DREAD'BOLTED, a. Having bolts to be dreaded ; as, dread-bolted thunder. DREAD'NAUGHT, \n. A thick cloth DREAD'NOUGHT, ) with a long pile, used for warm clothing, or to keep off rain. — 2. A garment made of such cloth. DREAM'ERY, n. A habit of dreaming or musing. DREAM'INESS, n. State of being dreamy. DREAM'INGLY, adv. Sluggishly ; ne- gligently. DREAM'Y,a.[add.]ReIatingtodreams. DREARE,t n. [See Dreart.] Horror; misfortune ; force. [Spenser.] DREDE,t n. [Sax.] Fear; doubt. [Chau- cer. ] DREDE,t V. t. [Sax.] To fear ; to dread. [Chaucer.] DREDE'FUL,t a. Dreadful. [Chaucer.] DREDE'LES,t a. Without doubt. [Chaucer.] 143 DRED6E, V. [add.] A machine for clearing the beds of canals, rivers, hai-- bours, &c. [See Dredging-Macuine.] DREDGE, 1). t. [add,] To remove sand, silt, or the like, from the bottoms of rivers, canals, harbours, &c DREDGE-BOX. ^cDredging-Box. DREDG'ER, n. [add.] A dredging-ma- chine ; a sort of open barge for remov- ing sand, mud, and other depositions from the bottoms of rivers, harboms, docks, &c. DREDG'ING, ppr. or a. Catching with a dredge ; clearing or deeiiening with a dredging-machine ; sprinkling, as with flour. DREDG'ING-VESSEL,n. A dredging- machine or dredger. DREEL'ING, t>pr. Drilling. [Scotch.'] DREIGH, a. Tardy; slow; tiresome. [Scotch.] DRElNT.t pret. and jip. of Drenche. Drowned. [Chaucer.] DRENCHE,t V. t. or i. [Sax.] To drown; to be drowned. [Chaucer.] DRENCH'ES,t ) "• Tenants in ca,jite. DRENGES,"!; ] The tenure by which they held their lands was called dreng- age. DRENT,t pp. [add.] Drowned. [See Drench.] [^iicnser.] DRERE,t n. [See Drear.] Sorrow ; sadness; dreariness. [Spenser.] DRER'lMENT,t «• Dreariness; dark- ness. \Spe7iser.] DRERINESSE,tn.Sorrow.[rAa«c«-.] DRE'RY.t a. Sorrowful. [Chaucer.] DRESS, V. I. [add.] ?'o dress ores, to break and powder them in the stamp- ing-mill, and afterwards wash them in a trough. — To dress a ship, to ornament her with colours as on days of rejoicing. [See Dressing, n.] DRESS, n. [add.] A lady's gown; as, a silk dress ; a satin dress. DRESSE,t V. t. [Fr.] To address; to apply. [Chaucer.] DRES'SING, n. [add.] In cookery, the stuffing of fowls, pigs, &c. — In found- ries, the cleaning of tlie castings after being taken from the moulds. DRES'SING-GOWN, n. A light gown worn by a per.son while dressing. DRESSING-TABLE, n. A toilet; a table provided with conveniences for a person adjusting a dress. DRETCHE,t t). t. or i. [Sax.] To vex ; to trouble ; to delay. [Chaucer.] DRETCH'ED.t pp. Oppressed; troubled. [Chaucer.] DRETCU'ING,t «• Delay. [Chaucer.'] DREV'ILL,t «. [See Drivel.j A dri- veller ; a fool. [S2)enser.] DREW, (dru.) pret. of Dram. [See Draw.] DRIB, V. t. [add.] To cheat by small and reiterated tricks ; as, to drib one out of money. [Drt/den,] DRIB'BLE, V. i. [add.] To act or think feebly ; to want vigour or energy. [Dryden.] DRID'DER, or DREAD' OUR, n. Dread; fear. [Scotch.] DRIE.t V. I. (dree.) To suffer. [See Dree.] [Chaucer.] DRiFE,t V. t. [Sax.] To drive. [Chau- cer.] DRIFT, n. [add.] In geol., a term ap- plied to earth and rocks which have been drifted by water, and deposited over a country while submerged. — Drifts in the sheer-draught, for " scores," read "scroles" or "scrolls." — Drift, in construttive mech., a piece of iron or steel-rod used in driving back a key of a wheel, or the like, out of its place, DROIT DRUGGE DRY-SALTERY ■when it cannot be struck directly "witb the hammer. The drift is placed as:ainst the end of the key, or other object, and the strokes of the hammer are com- municated through it to the object to be displaced. DRIFT' -BOLTS, n. Bolts used for driving out other bolts. They are com- monly made of steel. DRLFT-LAND, n. A yearly rent paid by some tenants for driving cattle through a manor, Tiprn/' Ti? (".A funeral company: DIRiVli J compotation. [Scotch.] DRILL, V. t. [add.] To exhaust or waste slowly; as, this accident hath drilled away the whole summer. [5ir^/?.] DKILL'-BOW, w. A small bow, gene- rally made of a thin slip of steel, the string of which is used for the purpose of rapidly turning a drill. DRILL'-STOCK,rj.InmcrA.,theholder (of which there are many kinds) for re- ceiving the fixed end of a drill. DRINK,!?. I. [add.] Dranh, for the past participle., as he has drank, is very fre- quently used; but drunk, instead of drank, for the preiejitCj is now seldom used. DRINK'ER-MOTH, n. The name of a fine large British moth, the Odonestis pjfatoria of naturalists, and so called from its long beak-like palpi projecting somewhat like a tongue from the front of the head. DRINK.'ING.(7. Connected with theuse of ardent spirits; as, drinkitta usages. DRINKING-BOUT, n. a" conrivial reveln'. DRINK-OFFERING, ;». A Jewish offering of wine, &c. [Jeremiah.] DRIP, tu [add.] The melted fat which drips from meat while roasting. A drtpping-pfin, or vessel for receiving the fat which drips from meat in roast- ing. That from which water drips. DRIP'-STONE, n. [add.] A tilter- ing-stone, familiarly so called by sea- men. DRIVE, I'./, for Drove, prrt. [Spenser.] DRIVE, I', t. for Driven, />p. [.Spen,j«-.J DRIVE, V. f. [add.] To take on a drive, or in a carriage ; as, to drive a person to his door. — To drive feathers or rfotcn, is to place them in a machine which, by a current of air, drives off the lightest to one end, and collects them by them- selves. — To drive a bargain, to make a bargain. DRIVE, n. [add.] A course on which carriages are driven. DRIVELLING, n. fadd.] The act of one who drivels; folly. DKiV'ER, n. [add.] In weaving, a piece of wood upon a spindle, and placed in a box, which impels the shuttle through the ojiening in the warp. DRIVER-ANT, n. Anomma arcens, a singular species of ant, a native of West Africa. This ant is so named from its driving before it almost every animal that comes in its wav. DRIV ING,;);jr. [add.] Taking a drive. DRIVING, a. Having great force of impulse; as, a driving wind or storm. DKIZ ZLE, w. A small rain; mizzle; mist. DROGHXING, Ippr. Wheezing and eOGH'LING, ; blowing. [Scotch.] DROG'OMAN. See Dragom.vn. DROIT, M. (drwa.) [adj.] Title; fee; privilege. — ln^7(a/icc, duty; custom. — Droits of admiral tf/, perquisites attach- ed to the oflice of admiral of England, or lord high-admiral. Of these per- quisites, the most valuable is the right to the property of an enemy, as ships seized on the breaking out of hostilities. By the civil list introduced on the ac- cession of William IV., it was arranged that all the droits of admiralty which might accrue during his reign should be paid into the exchequer for the benefit of the public service ; and this arrangement still continues. DROIT, a. (drwa.) Straight; right. DROLL, a. [add.] Ludicrous; queer; lauijhable : ridiculous. DRONE'-BEE, n. The male bee. DRON'GO, n. The name of a genus of fly-catching birds, with long, forked tails (Edolius). They are natives of India and the Asiatic islands. DRONIvELEW,t a. [Sax.] Given to drink. [Chaucer.] DRONK'EN,t pp. from Drink. Drunk. [Chaucer.] DRON'Y, a. Sluggish; like a drone; dronish. DROOG, I n. In the East Indies, nhWl- DUR'G A, ) fortress ; a fortified rock. DROOP, V. t. To let sink or hang down ; as, to droop the head. DROP, n. [add.] In marine language, the depth of a sail, from head to foot, amid-ships. DROP, r. i [add.] To sink into silence. DROP'PING, ppr. or a. [add.] A drop- ping fire, in milit. affairs, is a constant, irregular discharge of small arms. DROP-SCENE, n. In theatres, a scenic picture, usually painted with care, sus- pended by pulleys, which descends or drops in front of the stage. DROP'SICALNESS, n. The state of being dropsical. DROP-STONE, n. Spar formed into the shape of drops. DROPSY, 71. [add.] A disease in suc- culent plants caused by an excess of water. DROPT, pret. and pp. from Drop, often used instead of dropped. [See Drop.] DROUGRt pret' of Dratc. [Sax.J Drew. [Chaucer.] DROUGHTY, a. [add.] Dry, as the weather; arid; wanting drink. DROUK'IT, pp. or a. Drenched. [Scotch.] DROUTHTNESS, n. [add.] Thirst; dryness. DROVE, n. [add] In hushandrj/, a. nar- row channel or drain, much used in the irrigation of land. DRoVED, a. In masonry, an epithet used in Scotland to designate what in England is called tooling. [See Tool- ing.] — Droved ashlar, chiselled or ran- dom-tooled ashlar; the most inferior kind of hewn work in building. — Droved and broached, a term applied to work that has been first rough hewn, and then tooled clean. — Droved and striped, an epithet applied to work that is first droved, and then formed into shallow grooves or stripes, with a half or three- quarter inch cliisel, having the droved interstices prominent. DRuV'Y,t a. [Sax.] Filthy; muddy; dirty. [Chaucer.] DROW, n. A cold mist; a drizzling shower. [Scotch.] DROYLEjf r. i. See Dboil. [Spenser.] DRUDGTNG-BOX, n. Aflour-boxfor basting in cookery. [5co(fA.] DRU'ERIE,tn. [Fr.] Courtship; gal- lantry; a mistress. [Chaucer.] DRUG-DAMN ED, a. Condemned or detested for its drugs or poisons ; as, drug-damned Italy. [5AaA. j DRUGGE,t V. t. To drag. [Chaucer. ! 144 DRUG'GED, pp. [add.] Dosed with drugs. DRUG'STERS.n. Druggists. [Scotch.] DRUM, r. t. [add.] To summon, as by beat of drum. [5AnA.] DRUM, V. I. To drum up. [add.] To as- semble or collect by influence and exer- tion : as, to drum up for recruits. DRUM-HEAD, n. The head or top of a drum. — 2. The top part of a capstan, which is pierced with a number of holes to receive the ends of the levers or bars employed to turn it round. DRUM MER, n. [add.] A name given in the West Indies to the Blatta gigan- tea, an insect which, in old timber and deal houses, has the power of making a noise at night, wliich very much resem- bles a pretty smart knocking with the knuckle upon the wainscotting. DRUM MOND-LIGHT,n. [From Capt. Drummond.] A very intense light pro- duced by turning two streams of gas, one of oxygen and the other of hydro- gen, in a state of ignition, upon a ball of lime. This light was proposed by Capt. Drummond to be employed in lighthouses. Another light, previously obtained by the same individual, was employed in geodetical surveys, when it was required to observe the angles subtended between distant stations at night. The light was produced by placing a ball or dish of lime in the focus of a parabolic mirror at the sta- tion to be rendered visible, and direct- ing upon it, through a flame arising from alcohol, a stream of oxygen gas. DRUNK'EN, n. A term applied by workmen to a screw, the thread of which is uneven, and produces an un- steadiness of motion in the nut. DRUX'Y, \ a. Among ship-builders, DRUX'EY, ) an epithet applied to tim- ber mth decayed spots or streaks of a whitish colour in it. DRY", a. [add.] Cold; expressive of a i degree of displeasure ; as, his answer [ was very short and dry. — Dry-money, or dry-cash, real coin ; specie ; as, he paid a hundred pounds in dry-money. — Dnj wines, those in which the sac- charine matter and the ferment are so exactly balanced that they have mu- tually decomposed each other, and no sweetness is perceptible. The best Burgundy and Port are of this nature, and dry wines generally are considered the most perfect class, and are opposed to the street irines. DRY'-BEATEN, a. Severely or hardly beaten. [Shak.] DRY' BLOW, rt. A blow which nei- ther wounds nor sheds blood. DRY-€UP PLNG, n. The application of the cupping-glass, yvithout scarifica- tion, in order to produce revulsion of the blood from any part of the body. DRY'ERS, n. Substances, chiefly me- tallic oxides, added to certain fixed oils, to impart to them the property of dry- ing quickly when used in painting. DRYNESS, n. [add.] A term applied to a style of painting in which the outline is harsh and formal, and the colotir de- ficient in mellowness and harmony. DRY'-PILE, n. A galvanic apparatus, in which the plates are separated by layers of farinaceous paste mixed with common salt. DRY-RENT, n. In law, a rent reser\eJ without clause of distress. DRYR IHED,t \ »■ Dreariness; dis- DRER'YHED,t> malness ; sorrow. [Spenser.] DRY-SALT'ERY, n. The articles kept DULE-TREE DIINGIYAH by a drysalter ; the business of a dry- DRY- VOMIT OF MARRIOTT. A vomit consisting of equal parts of tar- tarized antimony and sulpliate of cop- per, and taken without drink. DUB, !>. t. [ad 1.] To dub out, among plasterers, to bring out a surface to a level plane, by pieces of wood, &c. DUB'HE, n. A star of the first magni- tude in the northern constellation Ursa Major. DU'BIATE, V. ;. To doubt; to feel doubt. [Rar. !/s.] DUCK, n. [add.] Lame duch. [See Lame in this Supp.] DUCK'-ANT, n. A term applied in Ja- maica to a species of terraes, or white ant, which, according to Jlr. Gosse, constructs its nest on the branches or trunks of trees, where clusters of them may be seen, forming large, black, round masses, often as big as a hogshead. DUCK'-BILLED, a. Having a bill like a duck ; an epithet of the ornithorhyn- chus. DUCK'-HAWK, n. A bird, the moor- buzzard. DUCK'IN, n. A fish ; the local name of the fifteen-spined stickleback (Gaster- osteus simuichia). DUCK'S-BILL LIJIPET, n. A genus of gasteropodous moUusca, of which there are several exotic species found in shallow parts of the ocean. DU€T, n. [add.] In io(., ducts are long, continuous, cylindrical canals, which serve for the conveyance of fluid, hav- ing their sides marked witli transverse lines, rings, or bars, or with dots. The vai'ieties are the annular, the scalari- form, the reticulated, and the dotted. DUe'TUS, n. [L.] In anat., a duct or tube which conveys away the secretion of a gland. DUD'DY, a. Bagged. [Scotch.] DUDG'EON, n. [add ] The haft or han- dle of a dagger. [Shah.] DUES, n. plur. Certain payments, rates, or taxes. DOE'TEE.t n. Duty. [Chaucer.] DUGONG', n. A herbivorous, cetaceous animal, the Halirore dugong. It is a native of the Indian seas ; it has a ta- pering body, ending in a crescent-shaped nueong, ffatcnrc dtig^>„j. fin, and is about seven or eight feet in length. Its flesh is tender, and not un- like beef The manatee is another species. DUG-OUT, n. In the western states of America, the name given to a canoe, or boat, liewn or dug out of a large log. DUKE, 71. [add.] A commander. \Shah.] DUL'-BRAINED, instead of DULL'- BRAINED. [Shah.] DULCILOQUY, n. A soft manner of speaking. DULE, I DOLE, > n. Sorrow ;mom-ning.[5co. To die. [Spenser.] DYE-HOUSE, n. A building in which dveing is carried on. DTESTER, n. A dver. [Scotch.] DYE'-STUFF, n. Jlaterials used in dyeing. DTN'AM, n. A term proposed by Dr. Whewell to express a unit of work equal to a weight of one pound, raised through one foot in a second. The term w.as first introduced by French writers, who called the effect of a cubic metre of water raised through one metre a dynamie or dyname. If the quantity of work commonly called a horse -power be estimated at 33,000 pounds raised through one foot in a minute, that unit will be equivalent to 550 d'/nams. DYNAMIC THEORY, n. A theory invented by Rant for explaining the nature of matter or the mode of its formation. According to this theory, all matter was originated by two an- tagonist and mutually counteracting principles called attraction and repul- sion, all the predicates of which are referred to motion. DYN.ASTID-E, n. [Gr. Jt-.^rr,-, a master.] A family of lamellicorn beetles, comprising several which are remark- able for their size, strength, and for- midable appearance. They chiefly in- habit the tropical regions, excavating burrows in the earth. The elephant- beetle, hercules-beetle, and atlas-beetle, are species. DY'N.iSTY, or DtN'ASTY. DYS.ESTHE'SIA, n. [Gr.8«, with dif. ficulty, and xnrOxti/uu, to perceive.] In med. paihol.f impaired feeling ; insen- sibilitv. DYSCHRO.*., n. [Gr. J«. and xc; colour.] .A. discoloured state of the skin. DYSCR.A'SIA, n. Same as DrscKisr. DYSENTER'IGAL.a. SameasDrsEX- TEKIC. DYSXYSINE, ;i. [Gr. 3»,-, and Xi»..-, solution.] The name given by Berzelias to a compound formed during the action of hydrochloric acid on bile. It has a resinous aspect, and is very sparingly soluble in hot alcohol ; hence its name. DYSO'PIA. See Dtsopt. DYSOREXIA. See Dvsorext. DYSPEP SIA. See Dtspepst. DYSPEPTIC, n. A person afflicted with dyspepsv. DYSPHA'6I.A, n. See Dtsphagt. DYSPHO NIA. See Dvsphoxt. DYSTOMOUS. Same as Dtsiome. DYSU RI.A. 6ceDrsL-RT. DYStr'RI€, a. Pertaining to dysury. DYTISCID.i;, n. A tribe of penta- merous coleopterous insects, of which the genus Dytiscus (water-beetle) is the type. It is a numerous family of beetles, everywhere found in fresh- water, and almost all oval and flattened in form, with oar-shaped hind-legs. DZIGGET.AI, n. The nild ass of Asia (Asinus hemionus)f whose habits are so graphically recorded in the book of Job. E. £A'GLE, 71. [add.l The eagles con- stitute a tribe (Aquilina) of the family Falconidje. There are numerous spe- cies; as the golden eagle, the largest and noblest of European eagles: the imperial eagle, a native of South America, and the largest species known; the ring-tailed eagle ; the wedge-tailed eagle, a fierce Australian species ; and the royal eagle, found chiefly about the borders of the river Amazon. Many species frequent the sea-shore rather than the inland heights, and feed upon fish, as well as upon aquatic birds. These are termed sea-eagles, or erores, and have the lower part of the leg bare of feathers, so that they can put their feet into the water to seize their fishy prey. £A'GLE - HAWK, n. Morphnus, a genus of predacious birds, with the wings shorter than the tail, with long tarsi and feeble claws. The species are natives of South America. EA'GLE-O'WL, n. The Strix bubo of Liun., and the Bubo majrimus of Flem- ing. It is otherwise termed the great horned-owl, and is chiefly found in the mountainous parts of Central Europe. £A'GLE-RAY, n. A large species of ray-fish, occasionally found in the British seas {Myliobatis aquUa). EAL'DEK,t n. [Sax.] An elder or chief. EAN'NAKnCH, n. [Gael.] Strong soup, mad,* by boiling beef or mutton in as much water as merely covers the meat. EAR, a. Early. {Scotch.'] EARD, n. Earth. [Scotch.] EAR'-DRUM, n. The tympanum, a membrane in the ear. {See Membbana TrMPAxi.] EAREjf M. An ear of corn. {Spen- ser.] EAR'ED,t pp. Ploughed. [Chaucer.] EAR'ING, n. [add.] A rope attached to the cringle of a sail, by which it is bent or reefed. EAR-LIKE. a. Resembling the ear. EARX, H. See Ens. EAR'NEST, n. [add.] A part paid or delivered beforehand, as money or goods under a contract, as a pledge and security for the whole. In a xc'uler sense, a pledge or assurance of more to come hereafter ; as, to give earnest of success. EARSE. See Erse. EAR -SHELL, «. Haliotis, a genus of univalve molluscs. [See Haliotis.] £AR'-SORE, n. Something that ofl:ends the ear. EARST,t adv. [See Erst.] At first; formerly. — At tar*/, as formerly. [Spen- ser.] EARTH, n. [add.] Inheritance; posses- sion. [^Aa/t.] — A terra of reproach to a base senseless person. Thou earth, thou, speak ! Shak. — Earth of alum, a substance obtained by precipitating the earth from alum dissolved in water by adding ammonia or potass. It is used for paints. — Earth of bone, a phosphate of lime existing in bones after calcination. EARTHENWARE, n. [add.] [See PoTTERr, Porcelain.] EARTH -FALL, n. The name given to a natural phenomenon which occurs when a portion of the earth's surface is elevated by some subterraneous force, then cleft asunder, and depressed, the space before occupien with solid earth becoming covered with water. EARTH-NUT, n. [add] For Bunium 146 bulbocastanum,resid Bunium flexuosum. [See also Arachis in this Supp.] EARTH-OIL, ) H. A thick min- O'LEUM TER'R.E, ] eral fluid, which oozes from cracks of rocks in Sumatra, &c. It is of a dusky brown colour, has a penetrating smell, and is used in medi- cine. Much of what is sold as natural earth-oil is factitious. EARTHWARD, adv. Toward the earth. EAR- WOR T, n. An herb, the Ifciyort* auricularia of Linn., supposed to be good for deafness. EASE, n. [add.] Stand at ease, a mili- tary command to draw the right foot back, and bring the weight of the body upon it. — Ease arms, a command to drop the right hand to the full extent of the arm. EASEL, n. [ad^.] Easel-pictures, same as Easel-Pieces, — which see. EAS EL, adv. Eastward. [Scotch.] EASTER, n. [add.] By sUtute, Easter is the first Sunday after the full moon, which happens upon, or next after the 21st of March; and if the full moon happens upon a Sunday, Easter day is the Sunday after ; but properly speak- ing, for the "full moon," in the above, the *i^ourteenth day of the moon^should be substituted. — Easter dues or offer- ingSf in the church of England, cer- tain dues payable by custom to the church at Easter. EAST ERLING, n. A piece of money coined in the East by Richard II. of England. E.\ST'ERLING, a. Belonging to the money of the Easterlings, or Baltic traders. Supposed to be the origin of the word sterling. EASTER-TERM, n. One of the four ECCENTRIC-ROD ECDYSIS EDACIOUSLY terms during which the superior courts at "Westminster are open. It bejiins on tlie 15th April, and ends on the 8th May. EAST INSULAR, a. Relating to tlie JEastern Islands. EA'SY, a. [add.] JSasij is a word in com- mon use among merchants and Ijankers. Thus, " the banli is east/" signifies tliat its loans are not extended, or that money is plentiful; "the market is easii " signifies that loans of money may easily be procured. EA'SY, for Easily. [Shah.] EAT, V. t. [add.] Pret. eat or ate. E AT'A6E, n. Food for horses and cattle from the aft^math. EAVES'-DROP, v. i. [add.] In nfigu- rative sense, to watch for an oppor- tunity of hearing the private conversa- tion of others. EAVES'-DROPPER. n. [add.] One who watches for an opportunity of hearing the private conversation of others. EAVES'-DROPPING, n. The act of watching for an opportunity to hear the private conversation of others. EB'LANINE, n. A volatile crystalline solid olitaiued from raw pyroxylic spirit. It is otherwise termed pyroa^an- thine. EB'LI, ) n. In Mahometan myth,, a IB'LEE, ) demon ; a jinnee ; as, the hall of eblis, the hall of demons ; pan- demonium. EB'ONIST, 71. A worker in ebony. E'BOR, ) Roman names for EBORA'CUM.j York. EBR.4.'lKE,t a. Hebrew; hebraic. [Chaucer.l EBUL'LIENCE, n. Same as EnuL- LIENCr. EBUL'LIENT, instead of EBUL- LIENT. EBULLr'TION, n. [add.] Figuratively, any intestine motion ; a sudden biu-st ; a pouring forth ; an overflowing ; a=!, an ebullition of passion ; ebullitions of the imagination. EBUR'NA, 71. A genus of spiral, uni- valve mollusca, found in the Indian and Chinese seas. The shell is oval, thick, smooth, and umbilicated. EBURNIFICA'TION, n. The conver- sion of substances into others which have the appearance or characters of ivory. EBURNI'N^, n. A subfamily of the family Turbinellidaj, having the genus Eburna for its type. EC'BASIS, n. [Cir.] In rto.,afigiu-e in which the orator treats of things ac- cording to their events and conse- quences. ECBAT'ie, a. Relating to an event that has happened ; denoting a result or consequence. EC'BOLE, n. (ek'bo-le.) [Gr.] In rhet., a digression, in which the speaker in- troduces another person speaking in his own words. EC'CE HO'MO, n. [L.behold the man.] A name given to paintings which re- present our Saviour crowned with thorns and bearing the reed. ECCENTRICALLY, adv. With eccen- tricity ; in an eccentr'c manner. ECCEN'TRIC-GEAK, n. In construc- tive mechanics, all the links and other parts which transmit the motion of an ECCENTRICITY, n. For "and AC or B C," read A C or B C. ECCEN'TUIC-ROD,H. In constructive mechanics, the main connecting link by which the motion of an eccentric is transmitted. ECCEN'TRIC-STRAP, n. In construc- tive mechanics, the band of iron which embraces the circumference of an ec- centric, and within which it revolves. Tlie eccentric-rod is attached to it, as shown in the cut of sieam-ewjine eccen- tric, — which see. E€CEN'TRIC-WHEEL,n. Awheel which is fixed on an axis that does not pass through the centre. Its action is that of a crank of the same length as the eccentricity. [See Eccentric] EC'CE SIG'NUM, n. [L.] Seeorbehold the sign, evidence, proof, or badge. ECCLE'SIA, n. [L.,from Gr. szy.xwct.] An assembly; the assembly of Athens; a church ; a congregation. EGCLE'SIAST,t H. An ecclesiastic; the book of Ecclesiastes. [Chaucer.] ECCLESIAS TICAL COURTS, n. Courts in which the canon-law is ad- ministered, and causes ecclesiastical determined. The ordinary ecclesiasti- cal courts are : (1), The provincial courts, including, in the province of Canterbury, the court of arches, tiie prerogative or testamentary court, and the court of peculiars ; and in the province of York, the prerogative or testamentary com-t, and the chancery court. (2), The diocesan courts, being the consis- torial court of each diocese, exercising general jurisdiction ; the court or courts of one or more commissaries appointed by the bishop in certain dioceses, to exercise general jurisdiction within pre- scribed limits ; and the court or courts of one or more archdeacons or their officials, who exercise general or limited jurisdiction, according to the terms of their patents, or to local custom. (3), Courts of peculiars, whicii are of various descriptions in most dioceses, and in some of them they are very numerous ; such as royal, archiepiscopal, episcopal, decanal, subdecanal, prebendal, recto- rial, and vicarial ; and there are also some manorial courts, which exercise testamentary jurisdiction. — Ecclesiasti- cal commissioners, in England, a body corporate, empowered to suggest mea- sures conducive to the sufficiency of the established church, to be ratified by or- ders in council. — Ecclesiastical cor pora- tions, coT'^oraXiows in which the members are entirely spiritual persons, and incor- porated as such, as bishops, certain deans, parsonsj vicars, deans and chap- ters, &c. They are erected for the furtherance of religion and perpetuat- ing the rights of the church. — Ecclesi- astical law, the civil and canon law respecting spiritual otfences and rights, wills of personalty, and mati'imonial and defamation causes. [See Ecclesi- astical Courts above.] ECCLES10L'06lST,n. An antiquary versed in ecclesiology. ECCLESIUL'06Y, n. [Or. £««A»,^-a, and Xo/e?.] In arch^oL, the science of antiquities as applied to churches and other ecclesiastical foundations. ECCRE'SIS,n. [Gr.] In i)a(fto., separa- tion ; excretion ; the excretion of per- spirable matter from the lungs and fieces. E€CRIN0L'06Y, n. [Gr. ixK^i.^, to separate, to strain off, and Xoyos, dis- course.] In phys., a treatise on the se- cretions of the body. ECDYSIS, n. [Gt. ^y.^u^a.'] In entom., the act of putting otf, coming out of, or emerging ; escape. Applied to the pupa escaping from its envelope. l-i7 ECHE, V. (. for Eke. [Shah.] ECHE,t3?ron. [Sax. celc] Each ; every. [Chaucer.] ECHE,t v.t. [5ceEKE.] To add; to add to; to increase. [Chaucer.] ECHENE'IS, n. A genus offish remark- able for a series of suckers on the top of the head. [See Remora.] ECHIN'LDAN, n. A radiate animal, of the family Echinidre. ECHIN'ITAL, a. Relating to, or like the echinitps ECHINOCHLOA,n. A genus of coarse grasses, of which only one species, E. crusgalU, grows in Great Britain. It is found in the vicinity of London. ECH'INOPS, instead of Et'HINOPS. ECH'IUM, 71. [add.] Above fifty species of this genus of plants, even after being much restricted, have been described. They inhabit Europe and the other countries bordering on the Jlediter- ranean, Madeira, Teneriffe, and Cape of Good Hope. All are worthy of cul- tivation. ECII'OLESS, a. Having no echo. ECLAMP'SIA, n. [Gr. £«A«^Ta., to shine forth.] In patho., rapid convulsive motions, especially of the mouth, eye- lids, and fingers. ECLIPSE', n. [add.] Primarihj, any failure ; particularly failure of the vital functions ; a swoon. ECLIP'TIC, n. [add.] Plane of the ecliptic, an imaginary plane whicli passes through the ecliptic, and is in- definitely extended. In this plane the earth's orbit is situated. ECLIP'TIC, a. [add.] Pertaining to an eclipse. — Ecliptic digit, the twelfth part of the diameter of the sun or moon, a term employed for defining the magnitude of an eclipse. [See Digit.] ECON'OMY, 71. Sig. 6. [add.] The regu- lar harmonious system, on which the actions of living plants and animals are performed. E CONVER'SO.[L.] On the contrary; on the other hand. ECORCHEE, ?t. [Fr.] In paint, and sculp., the subject, man or animal, flayed, deprived of its skin, so that the muscular system is exposed for the piu"- poses of study, the study of the muscu- lar system being one of the greatest importance to the artist. ECPHLYSIS, n. [Gr. i^^Xy^o;, to bubble up.] In patho., vesicular eruption, con- fined in its action to the surface. ECPHONE MA, n. [Gr.] In rhet., a breaking out of the voice v.'ith some interjectional particle. ECTHYMA, n. [Gr. e«?ya», to spring out.] In7>a^Ao.,acutaneousexcrescence; as a caruncle. ECPYE'SIS, n. [Gr. ix-rviu, to suppur- ate.] In patho., a humid scall; impetigo. EC'STASIS, n. [Gr.] Ecstasy. ECTHLIP'SIS, n. (Gr.] In prosody, the elision of the final syllable of a word ending in m, when the next word begins with a vowel. ECTHYMA, n. [Gr. f«/?y,£xa.] In patho., an eruption of pimples. ECTRO'PIUM, n. [Gr. tzr^i-r^, to evert.] In patho., an unnatm-al eversion of the eyelids. ECZE MA, n. [Gr. («?e«, to boil out.] A cutaneous disease, characterized by an eruption of small vesicles on various parts of the skin, usually crowded to- gether, mth little or no inflammation round their bases. EDACIOUSLY, at^y. Greedily; vora- ciously. EEL-POUT EGERIA EKE EDA'CIOUSNESS, n. Edacity. EDEN'TALOUS.a. Toothless; having no teeth. £D6E,a. H.iving an edge; sharp; edged; as, edge tools. EDOE, v. i. [add.] To edge down upon an object, in marine Ian., is to approach it in a slnnting direction. EDGE'-KAlL.n. A rail placed on edge. The rails of the ordinary railway are laid in this way, and are sometimes so named to distinguish them from the flat -laid rails of the tram-road. {_See Edge-K.iilwat.] ED'IBLENESS.n. The quality of being edible. EDIFieA'TION, n. [add.] Act of building up; act of edifying; extrac- tion. ED'IFIDE,+\p/>. Edified; buUt. ED'IKYDE,t; [Spenser.] ED'IFY, V. i. [add] To benefit; to favour. [5Aaft.] ED'IET, V. i. To be instructed or im- proved; to become wiser or better. [.'iwift.] ED'IT, V. t. [add.l To conduct ; to man- age ; as a literary publication, or peri- odical. EDITED, pp. [add.] Conducted; ma- naged. ED'ITIXG, ppr. [add.] Conducting; managing. EDI'TIO PRIN'CEPS, n. [L.] The first or earliest edition of a book. EDITRESS, n. A female editor. EDDfA'TIOXIST, n. One who is versed in or who promotes education ; one devoted to the cause of public in- struction. EDU'CIBLE, a. That may be educed. EDUL'€OR.\TE, v. t. [add.] In modern chem., to cleanse pulverulent substances, by washing away all particles soluble in w.ater. EDUL'CORATED, pp. [add.] Freed from acid or other foreign substances. EDUL€OK.\TIXG, ppr. [add.] Free- ing from acid cr other foreign sub- stances. EDUL'CORATIOX, n. [add] The act of freeing pulverulent substances from acids or any soluble impurities, by re- peated affusions of water. EDUL'CORATIVE, a. |add.] Having the quality of purifying by affusion. EDUL'tORATOR, n. A contrivance for supplying small quantities of water to test-tubes, watch-glasses, &c., by causing the water to drop from a tube inserted into the mouth of a phial, by expansion of the liquid by the warmth of the hand. The phial thus used is also called a dropping-botile. EE, 71. r-lvr. Een. Eye. [5cofci ] EEKEjt v.t. [See Eke.] To increase; to add to. \ Spenser.} EEK'ED.f pp. Increased; eked. [Spenser.] EEL, n. Instead of "A species of Mn- raena, a genus of fishes belonging to the order of Apodes," read " The popular name of a genus (Anguilla) of fishes belonging to the family Murienidi-e, and order Apodes." Eels in paste and vinegar are infusory animals belonging to the genus Vibrio. EEL' - GRASS, n. In America, the popular name of tie Zostera marina, or sea- wrack. EEL'-OIL, n. An oil procured from eels by roasting them. It is employed as an ointment for stiff joints, and by iron- mongers for preserving steel from rust. EEL'-FOUT, n. The local name of two different species of fish : ( I ), of the vi- viparous blenny ; and (2), of the bur- bot (Zo(ai'u/re wave. [Pope.] EFFU SIVENESS, n. State of being eft'usive. EFTSO>T:',t \adv. See Eftsoons EFTSONES-,+ f [Chaucer.] EGALITEE,t n. [Ft.] EquaUty. [Chaucer.] EG'RE!t) '^^'"■-' ^''^^' ^^"""''■^ E6ERI.\, n. One of the small planets or asteroids between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered by Mr. Hinil, 1st September, 1850. 1 148 EGG'-BIRD, n. [add.] The name given tothe Ht/drochelidonfuliginosum, a spe- cies of tern, and according to Mr. Gosse, a bird of considerable commercial im- portance in the West Indies, as its eggs, in common with those of two other spe- cies of tern, form an object of profitable adventure to the crews of numerous small vessels, w hich collect them in the months of March, April, and May. EGG'-CUP, n. A cup used for eating eggs at table. EGGE'MENT.t )n. [Sax.] Incitement. EGG'ING,t J [Chaucer.] EGG'ER, n. One who incites; an egg- ler or gatherer of eggs. EGG ER-MOTHS, n. Moths of the fa- mily Bombycidse, and the genera Lasio- campaand Eriogaster. The L.trifolii, a well-known British moth, is called the grass-egger, and the L. roboris, the oah-egger, from the food of their caterpillars. The Eriogaster laneitris is the small egger of collectors. EG G'ER Y, n. A nest of eggs. [Sare.] EGG'ING, n. Incitement. EGG'LER, n. A collector of, or dealer in eggs. EGG-NOG, n. A drink used in Ame- rica, consisting of the yolks of eggs beaten up with sugar, and the white of eggs whipped, with the addition of wine or spirits. — In Scotland, milk is added, and it is then called auld-man's- milk. EGG'-SHaFED, a. Having the shape of an egg : oviform. EGG'-SHELL, n. The shell or outside covering of an egg. EGOISM, n. [add.] A passionate love of self, leading a man to consider every- thing as connected with his own per- son, and to prefer himself to every- thing in the world. EGOTIS TICALLY, adv. In an ego- tistical or self-conceited manner. EGYPTIAN -BLUE, n. A brUliant pigment, consisting of the hydrated proto.xide of copper, mixed with a minute quantitv of iron. ELD ENT, a. Diligent; careful; atten- tive. r&o(c/i.i EI DER-DUCK, n. The Anas mollis, sima of Linn., and the Somateria mol- lissima of Leach. The king-eider is another species {Somateria spectabilis), not much unlike the preceding. [See ElDEB.] EIGH. (a.) An exclamation expressive of sudden delight. [See Eh.] EIGHT, n. (flit.) The number consisting of twice four. EIGH TEENTH, n. In music, an inter- val comprehending two octaves and a tenth. EIGHTY', n. The number containing eight times ten. EILD. See Eld. EILD ING, n. Fuel. [5co<<;A ] EIRE, n. See Etee. [Chaucer.] EISTEDD'FOD,t n. [W.] A meeting ; an assembly or session of bards and minstrels formerly held in Wales. EITH'LY, adv. Easilv. [Scotch] EJECTMENT, n. [add.] This is the only mixed action at common-law, the whole method of proceeding in which is anomalous, and depends on fictions invented and upheld by the courts for the convenience of justice, in order to escape from the inconveniences which were found to attend the ancient forms of real and mixed actions. EJUKA'T10N,t n. [L. ejuratio.] A re- nouncing or resigning one's place. EKE, I', t. instead of EKE. ELECTION ELECTRIG SPARK ELECTKO-THERMANCY EKE, adv. instead of EKE. EKE, n. instead of EKE. ELABORA'TION, n. [add.] In phjs., the various changes which substances undergo in the act of assimilation, from the action of the living organs, previously to their becoming subser- vient to the purposes of nutrition. — Elaboration of sap, in vegetable phys.^ is the process by which the crude fluid absorbed by the roots of plants is con- verted into the proper juice or nutri- tiouftsap. ELAB'ORATOR, n. One who elabo- EL^ODEN'DRON, m. A genus of plants, nat. order Celastracete. The species are small trees, with opposite entire glabrous leaves. E. glaucum is a native of Ceylon and Coromandel, and is known by the name of Ceylon tea. The fruit of all the species re- sembles that of the olive. ELa'IC ACID, n. Same as Oleic Acid. ELA'IN, or ELA'INE. ELAIOM'ETER, n. [Gr. £?.a<=y, oil, and (Aii^av, measure.] An instrument for de- tecting the adulteration of olive-oil. E'LANET, w. The swallow-tailed kites (Elanus) are sometimes so called, ELAOP'TEN, n. [Gr. ix^i^v, oil.] The liquid portion of a volatile oil, the con- crete portion being called stearoptene. \S€e Stearoptene.] ELAS'MO-THE'RmiM, -n. [Gr. a«*- fMi, a plate, and ^y,^iav, a wild beast.] An extinct genus of pachydermatous mammalia, characterized by the lami- nated structure of the teeth, and by being intermediate between the ele- phant and the horse. ELAS'TICNESS, n. Elasticity. [Lit. us.] ELAT', p?>. Elated. [Chaucer.'] ELAT'EDNESS, n. The state of being elated. EL'ATER, n. A genus of coleopterous insects. [See Elaterid^.] ELAT'ER, n. He or that which elates. EL'ATER, n. [Gr. aarr?, a driver.] In hot., a spiral fibre fuund in great num- bers, mixed with the sporules, in the thecfe of some cryptogamic plants. It serves to disperse the sporules, by un- curling. ELAT'OR, n. He or that which elates. EL'AYLE, n. Hyduret of acetyle, or olefiant gas. ELBOW -GAUNT'LET, n. In ar- moury, a long gauntlet of plate for the elbow, adopted from the Asiatics in the 16th century. ELD, n. [add.] Old time ; former ages. {Shak.'\ ELDE'.t n. See Eld. [Cliaiicer.] ELDE,+ V. t. or i. To make old ; to grow old. [Chaucer.'] EL'DER-BERRY, n. Tlie fruit of the elder. EL'DER - BUSH, n. The Sambacus nigra of Linn. [See Elder.] EL DORA'DO, instead of ELDORA- DO. ELDRITCH, a. Hideous; ghastly; wild; demoniacal; as,anc/c?n7cAslu'iek; an eldritch laugh. [Scotch.] ELEAT'IC, n. An adherent of the Eleatic philosophy. ELECT', n. Sig. 2. Instead of « chosen," read persons who are chosen. — 3. In- stead of '"chosen," read a nation or body chosen. ELECTION, n. [add.] In law, election is when a man is left to his own free- will, to take or do one thing or another which he pleases ; and he who is to do the first act shall have the election ; as, where a man has two forms of ac- tion by which he may recover his right, it is within his election to choose that according to which he will pro- ELEC'TION-COxMMITTEES, n. In the House of Commons, committees ap- pointed for the trial of election-peti- tions, and deciding controverted elec- tion>^. ELECTIONEER'ING, ppr. Using means or influence to promote an elec- tion ; furthering an election, or being employed about it. ELECTIVE, a. [add.] Elective fran- chise. [See Franchise.] ELECTOR, n. [add.] One who has the right of voting for a representative, or representative in Parliament; one who has the right of choosing public officers ; a voter. In free governments, the peo- ple, or such of them as possess certain qualifications of age, character, and property, are the electors of theii* re- presentatives, &c., in parliament, as- sembly, or other legislative body. £LECTORAL'ITY,t "■ Electorate. ELECTO'KIAL, a. Relating to an elector or election. ELECTORSHIP, n. The office of an elector. ELECTREP'ETER, n. [Gr. r,?.i«r§», and Tg£T4., to turn.] An instrument for changing the direction of electrical currents. ELECTRIC AURA, n. [Electric, and L. aura, a breeze, or gentle gale.] A current or breeze of electrified air, em- ployed as a mild stimulant in electrify- ing delicate parts, as the eve. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT, n. The pas- sage of electricity from an over-charged body to one that is under- charged, by means of metallic wires or conductors. If the communication be arrested by bad conductors, the circuit is said to be broken. ELEC;TRIC column, n. A kind of electric pile invented by De Luc, com- posed of thin plates of diftereiit metals in the usual order, with discs of writing- paper interposed between them. ELECTRIC CURRENT, w. A stream of electricity passing from a body over- charged to another undercharged, by means of a conductor or conductors ; or it is the transfer of the two electric forces in opposite directions. ELECTRIC EEL, n. The Gymnotus electricus. [See Gymnotus.] ELECTRICaTY, n. [add.] Animal elec- tricity, galvanism, — which see. — Atmo- spheric electricity, the electricity which is produced in the atmosphere, and which becomes visible in the form of lightning, ELECTRIC KITE, n. A contrivance employed by Franklin to verify his hy- pothesis respecting the identity of elec- tricity and lightning. It resembles in shape a schoolboy's kite, but is covered with silk and varnished paper, and armed with a wire. The string is hemp, witli a piece of silk cord next the hand. If such an apparatus be raised during a thunder-storm, and a key be suspended at the junction of the twine and silk, a Leyden jar may be charged, but the experiment is not free from danger. ELECTRIC SPARK, 77. When a body containing only its natural state of elec- tricity is presented sutiSciently near a body electrified jwsitively or negative!". a quantity of electricity will force itself through the air from the latter to the former, appearing in the form of an in- tense spark, called the electric svarh ELECTRiZERS, «. The name given by Harrington to plates of copper and zinc, or silver and zinc, of vai'ious forms for medical purposes. ELECTRO-BIOLOGY, n. Thenamo given to a new science, which professes to explain vital and even mental phe- nomena, by referring them to voltaic action. In this science the animal membranes and fluids are considered to take the place of metallic plates, ^yi^es, and acids, and to constitute a living voltaic battery, ur rather, a double voltaic battery; one, termed the peripheral battery, existing in the body, and the other, termed the central bat- tery, existing in the brain. In connec- tion with this science, a number of new terms have been formed, as electro-ais- thenics, opsaisthenics, ousaisthenicsy phre7io~aisthenics, electro-bio-dynamics, electro - noemics, electro - therapeutics, bio-electrolysis, &c.; but the science is not sufficiently established to warrant the regular introduction of such terms into this Dictionarif. ELECTRO-CHEaVlCAL, a. Pertain- ing to electro-chemistry. ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY, n. [add.] Electro-chemistry is based on the as- sumption that the attractive force of opposite electricities is the fundamental cause of all chemical combinations; and, hence, that every compound substance consists of one positively and one ne- gatively electrified element. ELECTRODE, n. [add.] The point or siu-face at which the electricity enters, or the point immediately touching the positive pole, is termed the anode, and the point at which the electricity de- parts, or the point next to the negative pole, is called the cathode. [5ee Anode in this Snpp., and Cathode in Diet,] ELECTROL'OOY, n. [Gr. ^^E;eTg«,and \oyoi, discourse.] A name given to that department of physical science which treats of electricity. ELECTROLYZABLE, a. Susceptible of decomposition by the voltaic pile. ELECTROLYZA'TION, n. The act of electrnlyzing. ELEC TRO-NEGATIVES, n. Those bodies which, during decomposition, appear at the positive pole of the vol- taic battery. Oxygen is the most elec- tro-negative of all known bodies. ELECTRO-PLATING, n. A method of depositing a coating of silver, or other metal, by means of voltaic elec- tricity, on a suiface of copper or other metal, from a solution of tlie cyanide or chloride dissolved in cyanide of potassium. [See Electro-Gilding.] ELECTRO-POSITIVES, n. Those bodies which, during decomposition, appear at the negative pole of the vol- taic battery. Potassium is the most electro-positive of all known bodies. ELECTRO - PUNCTUR ATION, n. The operation of inserting two or more needles in a part affected, and then touching them with the wires from the poles of a galvanic machine. ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHIC, a. Per- taining to the electric telegraph. [See Telegraph.] ELECTKO-THERMANCY, n. [Gr. S-ff^jj, heat. I That branch of electrical science which investigates the eff"ect9 produced by the electric current upon the temperature of good conductors, ELF-SHOT ELZEV'IK EDITIONS EMBRACE when it is made to pass from one metal into another. Tiie effects thus pro- duced are the converse of those of thermo-electricity. ELE€'TKO-TlNT, n. An application of electrotype, or a method of etching by galvanism, in which the required subject is painted on copper n-ith a thick varnish or paint. The plate being then properly prepared, is subjected to the action of the voltaic circuit, or elec- tro-coppering process, and a plate is thus produced for working in the cop- per-plate press, having the lines of the device marked in intaglio, or sunken. ELECTROTOX 1€ STATE, «. The name given to the peculiar latent state of an induced conductor, dm-ing the continued action of the electric current upon it. ELE6l'A€, n. Elegiac verse. ELE6l'A€AL, a. Same as Elegiac. ELE'OlT, n. [add.] The writ of elegit now extends [see Extend] all the debtor's lands, instead of a moiety as before, and also the debtor's customary and copyhold lands, subject to the rights of the lord of the manor, and also lands over which the debtor has any disposing power. The 5 and G Vict., c. 93, abolished poundage on this writ. ELEMENT. ALLY, adv. la an ele- mental manner. EL EMENTS, ii. In physics, the data employed in a calculation, as of an eclipse, place of a planet, &c. [See ' Element.] I EL'E.MINE, n. The crystalline and purified resin of elemi. ELEN€H'TI€AL,+ a. Same as Elenchical. ELENGH'US, n. [L.] See Elesch. ELEN6E',+ a. (elenj.) [Sas.] Strange; dull; cheerless; solitary. [Chaucer.] ELEXGENESSE,tn.(elenj ness.)Care; trouble. | Chaucer.] ELEPHAN'TOPDS.n. Elephant's-foot, a genus of plants, nat. order Compositie. E. scaber is common in almost all parts of India, in dry, elevated positions. The natives on the Malabar coast use a decoction of the leaves and root in cases of dysuria. [6ee Elepuant's- FOOT.] ELEPHAS, n. The elephant, a genus of proboscidian pachydennata. [See Elephant.] EL EVaTIXG causes, ii. In geol., a term applied to those caxises which operate in bringing about volcanoes and earthquakes, and in gradually elevating portions of the earth's crust. They are chiefly owing to tire, and are therefore sometimes designated igneous agency. ELEVA TION, n. [add.] Height ; alti- tude ; height above the surface of the earth ; angular height, or angle of ele- vation. [See Elevation, sig. 11.] ELEVATOR, n. [add.] In mech., a hoisting-machine; an apparatus by which goods, &c., are raised to upper flats of the factory, by means of the motive power employed in driving the other machinery. ELEVEN,/!. The number ten and one. ELEVENTH, n. In music, an interval consisting of ten conjunct degrees, or eleven diatonic sounds. ELF, n. [add.] A term for an infant or little child. ELFE.t n. An elf. [CAoucer.l ELFE'-QUENE,t n. Queen of elves or fairies. [Chaucer.] ELF'-SHOT, n. Same as Elf-Boli,— which sec. ELIGIBIL'ITT, n. [add.] CapabiUty of being chosen to an office. ELIJI INATE, V. t. [add.] In algebra, to cause a quantity or quantities to dis- appear from an equation. ELIMINATION, n. [add.] In law, the act of banishing or turning out of doors; rejection. ELINGUA'TION, n. [L. ex, and lingua, the tongue.] In /air, the pimishmentof cutting out the tongue. ELITE, n. [add.] A choice or select body. ELLES,+ ad». Else. [Chaucer.] EL LICK, n. The red-ellick is the Cor- nish name of a fish, the cuckoo-gurnard ( Trigla cuculus). EL'LlN6E,t a. [Sax. alenge.] Cheer- less; sad. ELLIN (i'NESS.t ». Loneliness; dul- ness ; cheerlessness. ELLIPSIS, ) H. [add.] Ellipsis is gene- ELLIPS'E, ( rally used in the gram- matical sense, and ellipse in the geome- trical. ELLIPTIC COMPASSES, n. An in- strument for describing an ellipse by continued motion. [See Tkammels.] ELLIP'Tie FUNCTIONS, n. In the integral calculus, a large class of inte- grals, closely related to, and containing among them the expression for the arc of an ellipse. Every elliptic function represents the arc of some algebraic curve. ELLIP TIC POLARIZATION, n. In the undulatory theory of light, the name given to a supposed rotation of the par- ticles of ether in the peripheries of ellipses, when a pencil of plane polar- ized light is made to sufi'er reflections in the interior of glass, or at the sur- faces of polished metals. EL'MEN, a. Of or belonging to the elm. EL'MIS, n. A genus of small aquatic coleoptera found adhering to the under sides of stones lying at the bottom of running water. ELOGE', n. (a-lozh'.) [Fr.] A funeral oration ; a panegyric on the dead. ELO HIil, n. [Heb. plur.] One of the names of God. [Gen. i.] ELON'GATE, a. In hot., drawn out ; elongated. ELSE, adv. [add.] To another person ; as, she is else devoted. EL'SHIN, n. An awl. [Scotch.] ELUCTA'TION, n. [L. eluclalus.] The act of bursting forth ; the act of strug- gling to get through ; escape. EL CD' ED, pp. Escaped; avoided; evaded. ELUDING, ppr. Escaping; avoiding; evading. E'LUL, 71. The twelfth month of the Jewish civil year, and the sixth of the ecclesiastical. It corresponds nearly to our August. ELV ISUM.\RIiED, a. Marked or dis- figured by elves. [Shah. | ELYTRA, instead of ELY TRA. EL'YTUOID, a. [Gr. aurj.F, and £.?«, likeness.] Sheath-like. ELYTRON, !i. [SccElttka.] Asheath, or upper crustaceous membrane, which forms the superior wing of the order of beetles. The two elytra are, in some genera of beetles, united ; such beetles are of course apterous. EL'YTRUM, 71. Same as Elvtro.n. EL'ZEVm EDITIONS, 71. Editions of the classics, &c., published by the Elze- vir family at Amsterdam and Leyden, from about 1595 to IGSO, and highly prized for their accuracy and elegance. 150 EM' AN ATE, a. Issuing out ; emanant. [Rare.] EMAN'CIPIST, n. A term in use in New South fVales for a convict who has been pardoned or emancipated. Some- times used for emancipationist, EJlARGlNA'TION, n. Act of taking away the margin. EMARGIN'ULA, n. [L. emargino, to take away the margin.] A genus of cap-shaped limpets, having a fissure on the anterior margin of the shell. EMBALL',t I'- '• To encircle or embrace. EMB.iLL'ING,t n. An embrace. EMBXK'GO, V. t. [add.] To stop; to hinder from being prosecuted by the departure or entrance of ships ; as, to embargo commerce. EMBaKGUE MENTS, n. Embargoes. [Shah.] EMBAKK'MENT,+ n. Act of embark- ing ; enterprise. EMB.\RQLE MENT,t «• Same as Embabkmext. EMBAS'SADE.t »■ An embassy; am- bassadors. [S/«nser.] EMBAY',t>. (. [add.] Tosoothe; to lull; to delight. [Spensfr.] E.MBaYD',+ pp. Delighted. [Spenser.] EMBA YLD',i-i)p. [Fr. embailer.] Bound up. [Spenser.] EMBEL ISE.t V. t. [Fr.l To embellish ; to beautifv. [CAaucer.J EMBEL LlSHT,t PP- Embellished; beautified and adorned. [Speiwer.] EMBEZZLEMENT,/!. [add.J Larceny by clerks, servants, or agents. EMBLAZE', o. i. [add.] To kindle; to set in a blaze. [^Pope.] EMBLICA, >!. A genus of plants, nat. order Eaphorbiaceae. E. officinalis is a native of most parts of India. The bark of this tree is astringent, and is used in India as a remedy for diarrhoea. The fruit, when eaten, acts as a mild purgative. EMBOD Y, V. t. [add.] To form into a body; to make corporeal; to invest with matter; as, to embody the soul or spirit; a form embodied. EMBODY, V. i. To unite into a body, mass, or collection ; to coalesce. EMBOITE MENT, n. [French, the situation of one box within another.] A term used by Bonnet to describe that species of generation by which hun- dreds and thousands of individuals lie one w ithin the other, each possessing a series of complete organized parts. — 2. In Fretich tnililary tactics, a term for closing up a number of men for the purpose of securing the front ranks from iujury. EMBOLDE',t I'- t To embolden. [CAaucer.J tMBOLIS'MieAL,a. Sameas Esibo- LISMIC. EMBOSS',f V. i. To retreat; to take shelter in woods. EMBOSS£',t <■: t. [Fr. emboister.] To inclose ; to sheathe or lodge, as a spear. [Spenser.] EMBOSSED, pp. [add.] Swollen; pufi'ed up. [S/iaA.] EMBOST'.t pp. Embossed; orna- mented; inclosed; overwhelmed. A deer is said to be embossed, when she is so hard pursued that she foams at the mouth. [Syitriwer.] EMBoWD',ti'i>. Bent; arched. [Spen- ser.] E.MBOYSSE'MENT,tn. [Fr.] Ambush. [C/ia«cer] EMBRACE', v.t. [add.] To hold; to keep possession of; as, grief and sorrow embrace his heart. [S/iaA] EMFORTH EMPROSTHOTONOS ENCANTHUS EMBRACE OR, I h. In laio, one who EMBRA'SOR, j practises embracery. EMBRA'SURE, n. [add.] Embrace. [Shak.] EMBREW'ED,t?>p. Imbrued; steeped, or moistened. [Spenser.] EM'BRING-DAYS,t n. Ember-days. {See Ember.] EMBROGLIO. See Imbroglio. EMBROIL', V. i. To be in commotion; to become disturbed. EMBROIL',f n. Perplexity; confusion; eml^rassment. EMBRONZE', v. t To cover with bronze. [See Bronze.] EMBROUD ED,t r>p. [Fr.] Embroi- dered. [Chaxicer.l EM;BRYO-BUDS,n. In M., spheroidal solid bodies, of unknown origin, resem- bling woody nodules, formed in the bark of trees, and capable of extending into branches under favourable circum- stances. EMBIIYOG'RAPHY, instead of EM- BRYO'GRAPHY. EM'BRYONAT^, n. In hot, a term given by Richard to denote plants with the same stamens and pistils, and an embryo to the seed ; they thus contain both monocotyledons and bicotyle- dons of Jussieu. EM'BRYONATED, a. Formed like an embryo ; relating to an embryo ; pos- sessing an embryo. EMBRYON'IG, instead of EM'BRY- ON'IC. EMBRYON'IG SA€, n. A small sac or vesicle met with in most plants, at the apex of the nucleus of the ovule, and in which the embryo is formed. EMBRYOT I€, a. Relating to, or re- sembling an embryo ; embryonic. EMBUS'Y, instead of EMBUSY, EME,t n. [Sax.] Uncle. [See Eame.] [Chaucer.'] EMEN'AGOGUE.^ceEMMENAGOGUE. EMEND'ALS, n. An old word still made use of in the accounts of the So- ciety of the Inner Temple; where so much in emendals at the foot of an ac- count on the balance thereof, signiiies so much money in the bank or stock of the houses, for the reparation of losses or other emergent occasions. EM'ENDATOR, instead of EMEN- DA'TOR. EMENDED, pp, or a. Corrected ; made better; improved. EMERALD-GREEN, n. A pigment of a vivid light-green colour, prepared from the arseniate of copper, used both in oil and water-colour painting. It is also called Scheele's green. EMER6'ENT-YEAR, n. The epoch or date whence any people begin to com- pute their time. Our emerijent year is the year of the birth of Christ. EMEH'ITI, n. j>lur. [L.j An epithet applied to soldiers and other pulii^p functionaries of ancient Rome, who had retired from their country's service. On these occasions the parties became entitled to some remuneration resem- bling our half-pay. EMER'lT\]^,n.plur.Fmcrlli[h.]One who has been honourably discharged from public service, or from a public office. EMET'ICAL, a. Same as Emetic. EM'ETIN, or EM'ETINE, instead of EMETIN, or EM'ETIN. EMEUTE', n. (emuf.) [Fr.] A seditious commotion or mob ; a riot; a tumult. E^VIEW. See Emu. EMFORTH',ti>re/). [Sax.] Even with. [Chaucer.] EM'ICANT, a. Beaming forth ; spark- ling; flying off; issuing rapidly. EMIGRA'TIONIST, n. An advocate for emigration. EMISSION, 71. [add.] Theon/ of emis- sion, the corpuscular theory/, propounded by Newton for explaining the nature and phenomena of light. According to this theory the sun, and all other lumi- nous bodies, have the property of send- ing forth, or emitthig, in all directions, exceedingly minute particles of their substance in right lines, with prodi^^i- ous velocity, and these particles falling upon the eye, produce the sensation of vision. [See Light, Undulatory Theory.] EMIS'SIVE, a. Sending out; emitting. EM'ISSORY, a. [L. emissorius.] In anat. and phr/s., an epithet applied to ducts which convey fluids out of the body, especially to certain veins. EMMAR'BLE,t )v.t. To bestow, or in- ENMAR'BLE,t f vest with the quali- ties of marble; to harden, or render cold. [Spenser.] EMMENOL'06Y,7i. [Gr. »^,(z;;v.«. men- strual discharges, and xoyos, discourse.] A treatise on menstruation. EMPAlRE'jf V. i. To impair; to grow worse. [Spenser.] EMPAIS'TIC WORK,n. [Gr.E^T«ia.,to impress upon, to stamp.] Inlaid work resembling the modern 6H/i/,* marquetry. It consisted of laying threads, or knock- ing pieces of different metals into an- other metal. EMPAR'LAUNCE,t n. Imparlance; parley. [Spenser.] EMPEACH',t V. t To impeach ; to hin- der. [Spenser.] EMPElKE',t V. t. [Fr.] To impair; to hurt. [Chaucer.] EMP'ERlCE,t n. [Fr.] Empress. [Chaucer.] EiMPER'ILL,t V. t To imperil; to en- danger. [Spenser.] EM'PEROR-MOTrf, h. A handsome species of moth {Saturnia jmvonia), found in this country. EM PEROR (PURPLE-), H. The hand- somest of the British butterflies {Apa- tura iris), is popularly so called. EM'PHASIS, 71. [add.] A peculiar im- pressiveness of expression, or weight of thought ; as, to dwell on a subject with great emphasis. EMPHAT'ICALNESS, n. State of be- ing emphatical. [Rar. us.] EM'PHYMA, H. [-Gr. «, and ^v<^, to spring forth.) In patko., a tumour, in- cluding the sarcomatous, the encysted, and the bony species. EMPHYSE MA, n. [add.] Wind -dropsy; a swelling produced by air diffused in the cellular tissue. EMPHYTEUSIS, n. [Gr.] In law, a contract by which houses or lands are given for ever, or for a long term, on condition of their being improved and a small annual rent paid to the grantor. EM'PIR1€. or EMPIRIC, w. EMPIiriCAL LA WS, n. In science, the name given to those uniformities which observation or experiment show to exist without their being referred to a general cause. The term is employed to indicate that the law is not regarded as the ultimate law of the phenomena, but simply connects them till such law may be discovered. EMPLIE',t V. t. To infold ; to involve. [Chaucer.] EMPRESSE',t f. 1. [Fr.] To crowd. [CAflMfer.] EMPROSTHOT'ONOS, n. [Gr. tuT^o. [add.] The act of voting, decreeing, and givnig validity to a law ; a law enacted ; a decree. ENAM'EL, a. Relating to the art of enamelling. ENAM'EL, n. [add.] The metals used in enamel-painting are gold, silver, and copper; the two latter are usually gilt. — Enamel painting on lava, a newly- invented style of painting, very service- able for monuments. The material consists of volvic stone, and lava from the mountains of Auvergne. ENANTHE'SIS, n. [Gr. ev, and ct.Om, to flourish.] Rash exanthem; including scarlet-fever, measles, and nettle- rash. ENBOS'ED,t pp. [Fr. emhosque.] Sheltered in a wood. [Chaucer.] ENBRAUDE ,t v. t [Fr.] To embroi- der. [Chaucer.] ENC^ NIA, n. See EtiCEHix in this Supp. ENCAN'THUS, n. [Gr. tv. and »«v5of, the corner of the eye. J A small tumour ENCRINITES ENFAMINED ENLACEilEKT or excrescence growing from the inner angle of the eve. ENCASHMENT, n. Among bankers, the pa5Taent in cash of a note, draft, &c. ENCAUS'Tie, a. [add.] Encaustic painting, a kind of painting among the ancients, in which, by heating or burn- ing in wax, the colours were rendered permanent in all their original splen- dour. ENeATJS'Tie TILES, n. Decorated paving-tiles of baked pottery, much used in the pavements of churches and other ecclesiastical edifices of an early date, and recently brought again into use, with various improvements. ENCE'NIA, n. [Gr. iy«i,.i«.] Festivals anciently commemorative of the found- ing of a city, or the dedication of a church; and in later times, ceremonies renewed at certain periods, as at Ox- ford, at the celebration of founders and benefactors. EN'CE1SSE,+ n. [Fr.] Incense. [Chau- cer.] EN'CENSE.t 1". t. [Fr.] To burn in- cense; to burn incense to. [Chaucer.] ENCEPH'ALI€, a. Situated in the head ; belonging to the head or brain. ENCEPHALITIS, n. Inflammation of the brain. ENCEPH'ALOrD, a. [Gr. iy,.j.i,, and uStff, resemblance. J Cerebriform ; re- sembhng the matter of the brain ; a term applied to a morbid product which constitutes the mass of the disease called schirrus or cancer. ENCEPH'ALOS,n. [Gr. iy«i;,).« ] The brain ; the contents of the skull, con- sisting of the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla-oblongata, and membranes.— Also written Enciphalon. ENCHAINMENT, n. The act of en- chaining, or state of being enchained. ENCHANTMENT, n. [add.] Any- thing produced, or seemingly produced by magical charms ; anything highly wonderful or delightful. ENCHAUF'ING.t n. [Fr.] Heat. [See EscHAFE.l [Chaucer.] ENCINC'TUKE, n. A covering; a cincture. ENCL.\SP, f. t. [add.] To fasten with a clasp. ENCLIT'ICAL, a. Same as ExcLtTic. ENCLOS ER, or INCLOS ER. ENCLOSING, or INCLOSING. ENCLoS'URE, or INCLOS'URE. ENCOL'LAR, n. To surround with a collar. ENCOM'PASS, f. (. [add.] To get into one's power; to obtain. [Shah.] ENCORP'ORING.t PPr. [Fr.] In- corporating. [Chaucer.] ENCRINAL, a. Same as Encbixic. EN'CRINITES, n. A genus (Encrinus) of petrified criuoideans, known by the name of stone -lilies, or lily -shaped animals, and supposed to have been among the earliest inhabitants of the deep. The animal possessed a co- lumn formed of numerous round depressed joints, ad- hering by a radiating groov- ed surface, and becoming pentangular near the pelvis, which is composed of five pieces, giving a lateral in- sertion to the first series of costal plates, to which the second series and scapulae succeed, whence the tentaculated arms or fingers proceed, formed by double series of joints. The petrified bones of encrinites compose vast strata of entrochal marble. The term encrinites is frequently applied to the crinoidea generally, both recent and fossil. EN'CRINUS, n. See Excrisites. ENCYCLOPEDIC, a. Same as Ex- CTCLOPEDICAL. ENCYCLOPE'DISM, n. The labour of writing or making encyclopedias. [Rare.] ENDEAR', r. /. [add.] To attach one's self; to bind by ties of aflFection and love. [Shah.] ENDEAR'ING, ppr. [add.] Having a tendency to make dear or beloved ; as, endearing qualities. ENDEM'IC, n. A disease of an endemic nature. ENDERM'ie, a. See Esdermatic. ENDET'TED,t PP- [Fr.] Indebted. [Chaucer.] ENpEW,t V. t. To endow; to clothe; to invest ; to put on. [Spenser.] END'LESS SCREW. See Perpetual in Diet. ENT>'LONG, adv. In uninterrupted succession ; even on ; along ; at full length. [Scotch.] EN'DO. [Gr. i.li,.] A Greek prefix, signifying within. ENDOCARDIUM, n. [Gr. i>8«, and «a;?ifle, the heart.] A colourless trans- parent membrane which lines the in- terior of the heart. ENDORHIZ'AL. Same as Exdor- HIZOCS. EN'DO-SKEL'ETON, n. [Gr. i.V,,. within, and <-*aiT!., a dry body.] In anat., a term appUed to the internal bony or cartilaginous framework of the vertebrata. ENDOSMOM'ETER, n. An instru- ment contrived by Dutrochet for mea- suring the force of the endosmosmic action. ENDOSMOSE', instead of ENDOS- MOSE. ENDOSMOS'AUe, a. Relating to en- dosmose. EN'DOSPERM, n. That portion of the albumen of seeds which is formed out- side the embrjonic sac, while peris- perm is that portion which is formed %vithin the sac. Sometimes one, some- times the other, sometimes both are absent. ENDOSSE',t V. t [Fr. endosser.] To carve; to engrave; to indorse; to write on the back. [Spenser.] ENDOUTE',ti-.^ori. [Fr.] Todoubt; to fear. [Chaucer.] ENDRIE ,t V. t. (endree'.) [Sax.] To suffer. [Chaucer. \ ENDOR'D'.t PP- Indurated; hardened. [Spenser.] ENDCRED.t PP- Inured; hardened. [ Spetiser.] ENDUR'INGNESS, n. Quality of en- during. ENDWAYS, adv. Same as ExnwisE. ENE'CIA, w. [Gr. r^tzx;. continuous.] In med.y continued fever, including in- flammatory, typhus, and synochal fever. E NEID, or ENE'ID. EN'ER6Y, n. [add.] In mech., this term is sometimes employed to denote the action of a power to move a ma- chine. The term is synonymous with what is called guantili/ of action. [See MoMEXTCM, and Work.] ENEL'GU', n. Enough. [Scotch.] EN FAMILLE. (ang-fa-meel'.) [Fr.] In a family wav ; domestically. ENFAM'1NED> pp. [Fr.] Hungry: famished. [Chaucer.] 152 ENFECTE',t V. t. [Fr.] To infect. [Chaucer.] ENFECTE-,t PP- Infected. [Chaticer.] ENFEL'ON'D.t PP- Rendered fierce. [Spenser.] ENFORTUNE,t ". '■ [Fr ] To endow with a certain fortune. [Chaucer ] ENFOUL'DRED.t PP- [See Exfoul- DERED.] Enfouldred smoahe, smoke giving forth Hashes of fire like light- ning. [Spenser.] ENFRANCHISEMENT, n. [add.].E:n- franchisement of copyhold lands, a legal conveyance in fee-simple of copyhold tenements by the lord of a manor to the tenants, so as to convert such tene- mentsinto freeholds. ENFREE', V. t. To set free; to release from captivity. [S/iaA.] ENFREED ,t a. Set at Uberty. ENFREE'DOM, v. t. To free; to set free. [^AoA.] ENFROZ EN,t pp. Congealed with cold. ENFYR'ED,t PP- Kindled ; set on 6re. [Spenser. | ENGAGED', pp. or a. [add.] In mech., two wheels are said to be engaged when they are in gear with each other. The driver is the engaging wheel, and the follower is the wheel engaged. ENGAGEMENT, n. [add.] Power of engaging; charm; allurement. ENGAg'ING, ppr. or a. [add.] Engag- ing and disengaging machinery is that in which one part is alternately united to, or separated from another, as occa- sion may require. ENGEN DER, f. I. [add.] To copulate. [Milton.] ENGEN'DRDRE,t »"• [Fr.] Genera- tion. [Chaucer.] EN'GINE, instead of ENGINE, pro- nounced en'jin. ENGIN'ED,t pp. [Fr.] Racked ; tor- tured. [Chaucer.] ENGINEERING, n. [add.] Contri- vance ; manoeuvre. [Cowper.] ENGIRD LE, r. (. To inclose; to sur- round. EN'GISCGPE, n. [Gr. tyy«,, near, and rxt-noi, to view.] A reUecting micro- scope. ENGLUE',+ V. t. [Fr.] To glue ; to join or close very fast, as with bird-lime or glue. JGoicer.] ENGLUT'ING.t PPr- Perhaps engluing or enluting. Stopping with clay. [Chau- cer.] _ ENGoRE', V. t. [add.] To make bloody or gory. [Spenser.] ENGRAIL'.-f V. i. To form an edging or border ; to run in a waving or indented line. ENGRAIJ'LIS, n. A genus of the her- ring family, which contains the anchovy. ENGREGGE ,t v. t. [Fr.] To aggra- vate. [Chaucer.] ENHAUNCE ,t f. t. [Fr.] To raise; to enhance. [Chaucer.] ENHEXRT'EN, v. t. To encourage. ENHORT',t V- t. [Fr.] To exhort. [Chaucer.] ENHY DRITE, n. [Gr. .,, and iJ«{, water.] A mineral containing water. ENHY'DROUS, a. An epithet applied to such minerals as inclose drops of water ; as, enhydrous quartz. ENKEKNEL, v. i. To form into ker- nels. ENKIN-DLE, v. i. To take fire. ENLACE', V. t. To fasten with lace ; to lace. ENLAC'ED,t pp. [Fr.] Entangled. [Chaucer.] ENLACE'JIENT, n. Act of enlacing. ENTENTE ENTUELMINTIIA ENTRY ENLAN'GOURED,t pp. Faded with langour. [Chaucer.] ENLEV'EN.t n. [Sax.] The number eleven. [ Chaucer. ] ENLIST', V. t. [add.] To unite firmly to a cau^e ; to employ in advancing some interest ; as, to enlist persons of alt classes in the cause of truth. ENLIST', V. i. [add.] To enter heartily into a cause, as one devoted to its in- terests. ENNEAT'IC, a. Same as Enneati- CAL.' ENOINT',tp;?.[Fr.] Anointed. [Chau- cer.'] ENOR'MOUS, a. [add.] Monstrously absurd . ENOR'TIIOTROPE, n. [Gr. iv o-M right, and t^ctv, to turn.] A card or toy, by which confused objects are transformed into various figures or pic- tures, by making it to revolve rapidly. ENOW, fidv. Just now. [Scotch.] ENRAC'EDj't' pp. [Fr. enraciner, en- racer.] Enrooted; implanted. [Spen- ser.] ENRAV'ISHINGLY, adv. So as to throw into ecstasy. ENROCK'MENT, n. A mass of large stones thrown in at random to form the bases of piers, quays, breakwaters, &c. EN ROUTE', (ang-roof.) [Fr.] On the way ; upon the road ; in progress. ENSGALE', V. t. To carve or form with scales. ENSCONCE', It. i. To secure one's self in a fastness or fortification ; to take shelter behind something. ENSEAM',tu. ^ [See Seam.| To fat- ten ; to feed ; to make greasy ; to purge a liawk from her glut and grease. [Sp.'i7lSQr.] ENSEEL', 1'. t. To seel, as a hawk. [See Seel.] ENSEL'ED,t ?);?. Sealed up; kept se- cret. [Chaucer.] ENSEM'BLE, h. For " (angsomble)," read fang-sam'-ble.) ENSEM'BLE, tfrft'.(ang-sam'-ble.)[Fr.] Together ; all at once. ENSHROUD', V. t. To cover with a shroud ; to clothe. EN'SIGN, n. [add.] A commissioned otficer, the lowest in degree, and im- mediately subordinate to the lieuten- ants in a regiment of infantry. One of this rank is appointed to each company, and the junior ensigns are charged with the duty of carrying the colours of the regiment. There are no ensigns in the rifle brigade, or in the royal corps of artillery, engineers, and marines, a second lieutenant being attached to each company in place of an ensign. ENTAlLE',t«. [Fr.] Shape. [Chaucer.] ENTAlL'ED,twJ. [Fr.] Carved. [Chau- cer.] ENTAL'ENTE,t v. t. [Fr.] To excite; to give a great appetite to. [Chaucer.] ENTAN GLE, v. i. To become en- tangled. ENTASIS, n. [add.] In patho., con- titrictive spasm; as cramp, lock-jaw, &ic. ENTAYLD',t \ pp. [See Entail, v. t.] ENTAYL'ED,tJ Entailed; carved; engraved. [ Spenser. \ ENTAYLE',! n. Carving; sculpture. [Spenser.] ENTENDE',t v. t. [Fr.] To attend. [Cliancer.] ENTENDE'MENT,t v. [Fr.] Under- standing. [Chaucer.] ENTEN'DER, v. t. [add.] Tosoften ; to mollify; to make tender. ENTE^TE',t n. [Fr.] Intention. [Chaucir.\ 1.— Surp. ENTENTE' f ORDIALE', n. (ang- tangt'-kor-de-al.) [Fr.] In jwUtics, the evidences of good-will and justice towards each other exchanged by tlie cliief persons of two states. ENTER, V. t. [add.] In carpentry and joinery, to cause to enter; to insert; as the end of a tenon into the mouth of a mortise, previous to its being driven home to the shoulder. EN'TERA, n. phir. [Gr. s»«g«, the bowels.] The intestines. ENTERCHAN6'EDEN,t pret. plur. Exchanged. [Chaucer.] EN'TERDEAL,t "■ See Interdeal. [Chaucer.] EN'TERER, n. One who enters. EN'TEKIC, a. Belonging to the intes- tines. EN'TERING, ppr. [add.] Entering short. When bills are paid into a ban- ker's hands, to receive the amount when due, this is what is called enteriwj them short. ENTERMETE',t «. t. [Fr.] To inter- pose. [Chaucer.] EN'TER-MEWER, n. A hawk gradu- ally changing the colour of its feathers, commonly in the second year. ENTER'OCELE, instead of EN'- TEROCELE. EN'TEKO-EPIP'LOCELE, «. [Gr. tvnenw, iT'-Tkoov, omentum, and xv;a>i a tu- mour.] In jiatho., a hernia, in which a part of the intestines, with a part of the omentum, is protruded. EN'TERO-LITHUS, n. See Enteeo- LITH. ENTEROP'ATHY, n. [Gr. w«5«, and TitBot, disease.] Disease of the intes- tines. EN'TERO-RRIIAPH'IA,H [Gr.im-o., and pxfn, a suture.] A suture of the divided edges of an intestine. EN'TERO-TOME, n. [Gr. !.«;«, and Tiuvai to cut.] An instrument for the operation of artificial anus. ENTEROT'OMY, n. In anat., dissec- tion of the bowels or intestines. — In sttrg., incision of the bowels for the re- moval of strangulation, or a contracted or imperforated portion. ENTERPART',t v. t. [Fr.] To share. [Chaucer.] EN'TERPRISE, n. [add.] An active and enterprising spirit; as, he possessed courage, vigilance, and enterprise. ENTERPRISE, v. i. To venture on arduous or hazardous undertakings; to attempt; to essay, [MiHon.] EN'TERPRlZE,t v. t To entertain; to give reception to one. [Speriser.] EN'TERPRIZINGLY, adv. In a bold, resolute, and active manner, EN'TERSOLE, instead of ENTER- SOLE. ENTERTAIN', v. i. [add.] To receive or admit with a view to consider and decide; as, to entertain a proposal. — To make to pass pleasantly ; to employ or consume agreeably; as, to entertain the time. [Milton.] ENTERTAINE',t i'- t. [See Enter- tain.] To take. [Siicmer.] ENTERTAKE',t v. t. To entertain ; to receive. [Spenser.] ENTERTAYNE',t n. Entertainment. [Spenser.] ENTERTAYN'ING,! pp. Receiving; opposing. [Spenser.] ENTETCH'ED,t pp. [Fr. entache.] Marked or endowed with good or bad qualities. [Chaucer. ENTHELMIIS'THA, n. [Gr. i.T«f, with- in, and i>f/,ivi, a worm. J Intestinal worms; synonymous with entozoa. 163 ENTHRONIZ A'TION, n. Theplacin-? of a bishop in his stall or throne, in hia cathedral. ENTIRE'TENANCY, ». In ?flw, a sole possession by one person, called seve- ralty, which is opposed to several ten- ancy, where a joint or common posses- sion is in one or more. ENTIRETIES, n. phir. In law, tenancy by entireties, is when an estate is con- veyed or devised to a man and his wife during coverture. They are then said to be tenants by entireties, that is, each is said to be seized of the whole estate, and neither of apart. [.See Entirety.] ENTI'TLE,v.^ [add.] To nameor call; to mention the name of. [Pool.] ENTOM'OLINE, n. [Gr. i»7.^ov, an in- sect.] A peculiar chemical principle, found in large quantities in the wings and elytra of coleopterous insects. It has also been called chitine. ENTOMOPilAGA, n. [Gr. (.ro,««, and ipxyiu to eat.] A group of hymenopte- rous insects wliose larvae generally feed parasitically upon living insects. — Also, a tribe of marsupials, as the opossums, bandicoots, &c., which are insectivo- rous, though not exclusively so. ENTOMOPH'AGOUS, a. Feeding on insects ; insectivorous. ENTOMOS'TRAGA, n. [Gr. (►tom^, and cffT^axev a shell.] Shell-insects; a name given to a division of the Crusta- cea, of which the genus Cypris may be given as an example. The division in- cludes all those species which have the body covered with a thin horny integu- ment in the form of a shell. They are mostly microscopic, and all aquatic, generally inhabiting fresh-water. ENTOMOS'TRACOUS, a. Belonging to the entomostraca. ENT0MY'ZA,7i. [Gr. evto?, within, and iuyC« to suck.] A genus of tenuirostral birds, belonging to the family Melipha- gida?, or honey-suckers. The species are found in Australia, and live chiefly on the honey from the flower of the gum-tree. ENTOZO'IG, a. Pertaining to the en- tozoa. ENTRAlI/ED,t rp- [See Entrail.] Interwoven ; wrought between. [Spen- ser.] ENTRANCE, n. [add.] The lower part of a ship's bottom, next the stem. ENTRaNCE'MENT, 71. A state of trance or ecstasy. ENTRAYL'ED,t pp. Twisted; inter- laced. [Spenser.] ENTREAT'ABLE,a. That may be en- treated, or is soon entreated. ENTREAT'MENT, n. Entreaty; dis- course; company. [Shah.] ENTREE', instead of ENTRE'E, n. (ang'tra'.) [add.] Freedom of access ; as, the entree of a house. — A course of dishes. EN'TREE NOUS, (ang'tr-noo.) [Fr.] Between ourselves. EN'TREMEES,t ». i^lur. See Entre- mets. [Chaucer.] ENTRIKE',t } V. t. [Fr.] To deceive; ENTRICK',t j to entangle, or ensnare. [Chaucer.] ENTRO'PIUM, n. [Gr. sv, and f^i^u, to tm-n.] Inversion of the eyelid. ENTRY, n. [add.] In law, the taking possession of lands or tenements where a man has title of entry ; and it is also used for a writ of possession. There is a right of entry when the party claim- ing may, for his remedy, either enter into the land or have an action to re- cover it; and a title of entry, where one EPAULIERES EPIGRAPH EPITASIS has lawful entry given him in the land, but has no action to recover till he has entered. An actual entry is where a man enters into and takes possession of any lands, &c., either in his own right or as the attorney of another. All writs of entry, and real actions by which lands might have been formerly recovered, are now, except dower, dower unde nihil habet, and quare impedit, abo- lished. — In Scots law, entry refers to the acknowledgment of the title of the heir, &c., to be admitted by the supe- rior.— 5in(/'e and double entry, in com- merce. {See Book-Keeping.] ENTCXES,t n. plur. [Fr.] Songs; tunes. [Chaucer. '\ ENTYRE',t a. Inward; inner. [Spen- ENUKE',t r. t. [See IxrKE.] To prac- tise; to use. [6pe«jirer.] ENURE', V. i. In law, to take place or be available. [See Ixure.] ENUR'ED.f pp. Committed; practised. [Spenser, ENVAULT', t'. i. To inclose in a vault : to inter. ENVELOP, ) . , ENVELOP-; r* ^" ^""^^'^P^- ENVELOPE, or ENVELOPE', in- stead of ENVEL OPE, n. [add.] In asiron., the envelope of a comet is what is otherwise termed the coma, and is a dense nebulous covering, which fre- quently renders the edge of the nucleus. or body, indistinct. ENVEN IME,t r. t. [Fr.] To poison. [Chdiicer,] ENVEN'O-MED, pp. or a. [add.] Spite- ful ; full of malice. ENVlE',t V. i. [Fr.] Tovie; to contend. [Chaucer.] EN'VIOUSNESS, n. State of being en- vious. ENVI'RON,t adv. [Fr.] About. [Chau- cer.] ENVOL'UME, V. t. To form into a volume. ENVOL I'PED,t ijp. [Fr.] Wrapt up. [Chaucer.] EN'VY, n. [add.] Object of envy; as, he became the delight of the ladies and the envy of the beaux. [iJiri^.] ENVY',t 1-. t. To v.e with. [Spenser.] ENVYN'ED,t pp. [Fr.] Stored; fur- nished or seasoned with wine. [Chau- cer.] ENWOM AN, V. f. To endow with the qualities of woman. EO'LIAN ATTACHMENT, H. A con- trivance attached to a pianoforte, by which a stream of air can be thrown upon the chords, which greatly increases the volume of sound. EOL'IC, 71. The Eolic dialect, verse, or music. EORL, n. Saxon for eari. [See Earl.] EPANADIPLO'SIS, n. [Gr.] Repeti- tion; a figure in rhetoric when a sentence ends w-ith the same word with which it begins. EPANARTHO'SIS, for EPANOR- THOSIS. EPAULE', n. [Fr.] The shoulder of a bastion. EP'AULETTED, n. Furnished mth epau- lets. EPAULlERES.f or EPAULLETSM "- plur. [Fr.] In ancient armour, shoulder- plates, composed of several successive plates, covering only the outside of tho arm, and having no pauldrons. Epsalieres, EPEXEOE SIS, n. [Gr. -ri, and ejcege- sis. See Exegesis.] A full explanation or interpretation. EPEXE6ET'I€AL, a. Explanatory; interpreting. EPHE'DRA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Gnetacese. Some of the species are European. EPHEM'ERAN, n. A nem-opterous in- sect, as the day-fly. EPHEMERTD.E, n. A family of neiir- opterous insects, which take theirnarae from the short duration of their lives in the perfect state, as the May-fly and dav-flv. EPH'ORUS, n. plur, Ephori. [See Ephor.] EP'IC, 7i. A narrative poem of elevated character, describing generally the ex- ploits of heroes. [See the Adjective.^ EPICAR'IDANS, )n. [Gr. etj, E PIC AR' IDES, ) upon, and xflteis, a shrimp.] A family of isopodous crustaceans, which are parasitic upon shrimps. EPICKA'NIUM, n. [Gr. eri, and^^ar.w, the cranium.] The tendinous expansion of the ocdpito-frontalis muscle. Ap- plied also to the skin of the head, and to the whole of the soft parts which form the scalp. EPICU REANISM, or EPICURE'- ANISM. EPIDE.M'ICALLY, adv. In an epi- demical manner. EPIDE:M ICALNESS, n. State of being epidemical. [Bar. us.] EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, a. Pertaining to epideniiologv. EPIDEMIOLOGY, n. [Gr. lt.. ir.u^s, and kiye;, discoiu^e.] A discourse or treatise on epidemic diseases. EPIDERM'AL, a. Relating to the scarf- skin or bark; epidermic. EPIDERM'EOUS, a. Same as Epider- mic. EPIDERMIC, a. [add.] Pertaining to the bark or exterior coating of a plant. EPIDERM ICAL, a. Same as Epider- mic. EPIDERMOID, a. [Gr. i^.a^^;, and uUt. resemblance.] Resembling the epi- dermis. EPIDIC'TIC, \a. [Gr. .TiSu^Ti**.-.] EPIDIC'TICAL, [ That explains, ex- hibits, or lays open ; applied by the Greeks to a kind of oratory called by the Latins demonstrative. EPIG^'A, n. A genua of trailing plants, nat. order Ericaceae. EPIGASTRIUM,/?.[G^.£T^and-^«JTr^ the stomach.] The superior part of the abdomen ; the part situated above the bellv. EP'KiENT:, a. [Gr. et,, and -,.,c,Ltai, to begin to be.] In geol., formed or ori- ginating on the surface of the earth ; opposed to hypogene ; as, epigene rocks. Applied also to substances found natu- rally crystallized in a form which does not belong to themselves, but to some other compound of the same base. EPIGLOT TIC, a. Pertaining to the epiglottis. EPIGO'NICM, n. [Gr. it. and >»., the seed.] In bot., a membi-uuous bag which incloses the conceptacle or capsule of Jnngermannia, and is ruptured as the capsule elontrates. EPIGR.AMMATIZE, i*. /. To repre- sent or express bv epigrams. EPIGRAPH, H. [add.] In literahtre, a citation from some author, or a sen- tence framed for the purpose, placed at the commencement of a work, or at its separate dirisions ; a motto. EPIGRAPH'ICS, n. plur. The science of inscriptions. EPILEP'TICAL, a. Same as Epilep- tic. EPLLEP'TICS, ft. Medicines for epi- lepsy. EPIL'OGISM, instead of EP'ILO- (ilSM. EP'ILOGIZE, or EPIL'06lZE, r. t. EPIMA'CHUS, n. A genus of slender long-billed birds, allied to the hoopoes. They are found in some of the islands in the Eastern seas, and are remarkable for their fine plum; ge. EPIM ERAL, a. [Gr. m, and t^i^ot, a part or limb.] A term applied to that part of the segment of an articulated animal which is above the joint of the limb. EPIOR'NIS, n. The name applied to a fossil genus of birds at one time living in Madagascar. The egg and some of the bones of this gigantic creatui'e have been brought to Europe, through the attention of the captain of a mer- chant vessel. He was struck one day by the resemblance to an egg of a vase used by a native for some domestic purpose, and on examining it, it proved to be a portion of one. Some idea of the size of this monster bird may be derived from the dimensions of the egg, models of which may now be seen in most of our public museums. The largest of them is equal in bulk to 148 hen's eggs, and will hold two gallons of water. The ez^ of the gigantic ostrich, our largest living bird, is six times less than the egg of the Epiomis maximus of Madagascar. EPIPHE'GUS, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Orobanchaceae. There is but one species, E. virginiana, found parasitical on the roots of beech-trees in the southern states of America, where it is called beech-drops. It is the Orohanche virginiana of Linn. ; EP IPHYTE, instead of EPIPH'- YTE. H. EPIPHYT'IC, a. Having the nature of I an epiphvte. EPIPLEX IS, n. [Gr. w*, and ^Xixa,, to fold.] In rhet., a figure used wlien an elegant or gentle kind of upbraiding is I used to convince. EPIPLOS€HEOCELE,n.[Gr..*-»A.», I the omentum, eex^.n, the scrotum, and xrAif, a tumour.] A hernia, in which the omentum descends into the scrotum. EPIP'TEROUS, a. [Gr. m, and Tn««, I a wing.] In bot., a term applied to a ! fruit or seed which is furnished with a broad margin or wing where it termi- nates. EPIRRHE0L'06Y, n. [Gr. iT,p/«„ a flowing on, and Xcya. discourse.] That branch of science which treats of tlie efi'ects of external agents upon living plants, EPISCOPATE, r. i. [add.] To take the office and disnitv of a bishop. EPISO'DIAL, a' Relating to episode; episodical. EPISTAX'IS, V [Gr. -t., and ff-zt^l^s, a dropping.] Nasal hemorrhage; bleed- ing from the nose. EPISTHOTONOS, n. [Or. i«*ftr, for- ward, and ir£i.A-, to stretch.] A term synonymous with EmprosthotonoSy — ■ which see in this Supp. EPIS TOLET, n. A short epistle or letter. EPITAPH IC,fl. Same as Epitaphian. EP'ITAPHIST, n. A writer of epitaphs. EPITASIS, instead of EPITASIS, n. [add.] In the ancient drama, that part EQUES EQUULEUS ERIODENDRON wliicli embraces the main action of a play, and leads on to the catastrophe ; opposed to protasis. The term has also sometimes been applied to that part of an oration which appeals to the passions. EPITHE LIUM, n. [add.] fGr. m, and Cr.>.n the nipple.] The cuticle on the red part of the lips, and on the mucous membranes in general. EPITHE'JIIA, n. In hot., a genus of Diatpmacese, founded on Eimotia tur~ gida of Ehrenberg, and some others. EPIZO'ANS, ) n. fGr. it, and ^m,, ani- EPIZO'A, I mal.] 'I'he epuoa are an order of the entozoa, which fix them- selves permanently by strong organs of attachment to the soft superficial parts of aquatic animals. EPIZOOT'ie, a. [add.] Pertaining to the animals called epizoans. The term is applied also to diseases prevalent among animals ; corresponding to epi- demic among men. — As a geological term, epizootic is no longer used. EPOD'IC, a Pertaining to, or resem- bling an epode. EP'ONYME, n. Surname. EPOPOF/IA, «. [L., from Or st<««« ; from 6To«. verse, and TwEa> to make. J 'i'lie history, fable, or action of an epic poem. \Sep Epopeic] EPROUVETTE', instead of EPROU- VETT'E, (a-proo-vef). EP'SOM Salt, n. [add.] This medi- cine was so named from its being for- merly procured by boiling down the mineral water of Epsom, but it is now prepared from sea- water. EPU'LIS, n.[Gr. it/, andeuix the gums.] A tubercle on the guins. EPYOR'NIS. See Epiornis in Stcpp. E'QUAIv, V. i. To be equal ; to be on a par. [Shah. \ E'QUAL-AQUAL, a. Alike. [Srotch.] E'QUAL-AQUAL, r. t. To balance accounts ; to make one thing equal to another. [Scotch \ EQUALIZE, V. t. [add.] To represent as equal. EQUATE', ti. I. In as*ron., to reduce all the observations, both of rightascension and declination, of a heavenly body to some common and convenient epoch ; to make the necessary corrections on the observed position of a heavenly body, in order to obtain the true posi- tion. EQUaT'ED, pp. or a. Reduced or cor- rected ; as an astronomical observation. EQUA'TION, n. [add.] Binomial equa- tion, an equation consisting of two terms, as ax" -\~ bx^ •= o.— Personal equation, a name given to the quantity iif time by which a person is in the habit of noting a phenomenon wrongly; and it may be called positive or nega- tive, according as he notes it after or before it really takes place. EQUATO'KIALLY,nrfi'. So as to have the motion of an equatorial ; in a line with the equator. EQ'UERRY,orEQUER'RY,insteadof E'QUERRY, n. [add.] Equerries are certain officers of the household of the sovereign of England, in the depart- ment of the master of the horse, the first of whom is styled chief equerry and clerk-marshal. Their duties fall in rotation, and when the sovereign (queen) rides abroad in state, an equerry goes in the leading coach. Officers of the same denomination form part of the establishment of the prince consort. EQ UERY, n. Sec EquERRV. EQUES, )!. plur. Equites. [L.] The equites were horsemen or knights, and constituted the second order of nobility in the ancient Roman state, the senators forming the first. They were chosen promiscuously from the patricians and plebeians, and required to be possessed of a fortune (at least towards the end of the republic) of not less than 400 sestertia, or £3229. They acted as jurymen, assisting the praetor in trials, and were also farmers of the public revenue. They had particular seats assigned them in the circus and theatre, and the insignia of their rank, in addi- tion to a horse, were a golden ring, and a robe with a narrow purple border. EQUIDIF'FKRENT, a [add.] Equi- different series, an arithmetical series having the ditference between the first and second, the second and third, the third and fourth terms, &c., the same. — An arithmetical progression. EQUILIB'RIUM, n. [add.] A state of rest produced by the mutual counter- action of two or more forces. A just poise or balance in respect to an object, so that it remains firm ; as, to preserve the equilibrium of the body. In the fine arts, the just poise or balance of a figure or other object, so that it may appear to stand firmly. — Also, the due equipoise of objects, lights, shadows, &c., against each other by some strik- ing feature. — The term equilibrium is also applied to express the equal dif- fusion of temperature which all bodies on the earth tend to produce ; and the equal distribution of the electric fluid in its natural undisturbed state. EQUIPALENT, n. [add.] In ciml en- gineering, the necessary adjuncts of a railway, as carriages, engines, &c., are called the equipments. EQUIPON DERANCY, n. Same as ElJUIPONDERANCE. EQUIPON'DEROUS, a. Having equal weight. _ EQUIRO'TAL, a. Having wheels of the same size or diameter; having equal rotation. EQUITABLE ESTATES, n. In law, one of the three kinds of property in lands and tenements ; the other two being legal property, and customary property. An equitable estate is pro- perly one for which a court of equity affords the only remedy ; such is the benefit of every trust, express or implied, which is not converted into a legal estate by the statute of uses. EQ'UITANCY, n. Horsemanship. EQ'UITY, n. [add.] In English juris- prudence, the term equity is now more properly applied to a separate body of law, created and sustained on the strength of precedents, and adminis- tered by tribunals distinct from the common-law courts of th-e country. From successive decisions, rules and principles almost as fixed have been framed and established in the courts of equity as in the courts of law ; and a court of equity differs from a court of law mainly in the subject matters of which it takes cognizance, and in its mode of procedure and remedies. EQUIVALENCY, n. Same as Equiv- alence. B'QUIVALVE, n. A bivalve, in which the valves are of equal size and form. E'QUIVALVED, a. Having the valves of equal size and depth, as a bivalve. EQUIVOCATE, ii. t. To render equi- vocal. EQUIVOKE, instead of EQUIVOKE. EQUULEUS, n. [L.] The Ilorses- 165 head, a northern constellation couslst- ing of ten stars. EQUULEUS PICTO'RIS.n. [L.] The Painter's Horse or Easel, a modern southern constellation, consisting of eight stars, situated close to the prin- cipal star of Argo. ER,_t adv. [Sec Ere ] [Chaucer.] EuAS'ER, ;(. One who erases. — 2. A sharp instrument used to erase writings, &c. EKA'SURE, n. [add.] Excision; de- struction ; as, the erasure of cities. [Gil)bon.'\ ER'BIUM, n. A metal recently disco- vered in the ores of yttrium. Its pro- _perties are but little known. ERE,t V. t. (ear.) To plough ; to ear. [Chaucer.] ERECTILE, a. Susceptible of erection. Erectile tissue, in anat., the tissue pe- culiar to the penis, nipple, &c. EREMBRYONA'T^,n.Inio<.,aname given by Richard to those plants which have no true stamens or pistils, nor a seed with an embryo. It thus corre- sponds precisely to the acotyledons of Jussieu, and although a more correct expression, is not so generally used. [See Crtptogamia in this Supp.] EREMITie, a. Same as Eremitical. ER'GOTISiM, n. [add.] An epidemic occurring in moist districts, as in that of Sologne, from the use of ergot in rye-bread ; it occurs in two forms, the coTwulsive and the gangrenous. ERie'THUS, n. A genus of long-tailed, decapod crustaceans, inhabiting tropical seas. The species are transparent. ERIO'ERON, n. [add.] The E. phila- delphicum, a native of North America, is used as a medicine in the United States. It is given as an emmenagogue, and is also considered a valuable diu- retic. ERINACE'ADjE, n. The urchin or hedge-hog tribe. ERIN'NYS, n. [Gr.] A fury, or goddess of discord ; and hence, among the poets, discord in general. [.S'AaA.] ERIODEN'DRON, n. The wool-tree, a genus of plants, nat. order Bomba- Wo«I-tree, Eriodendron boiitiiux ceae. The species are noble plants, growing from fifty to a hundred feet ERYTHROGEN tSPALIEK ETHEUEFICATION high, having palmate leaves, and red, scarlet, or white flowers. The woolly coat of the seeds of some of the species is used in different countries for stuffing cushions and similar purposes. ERLPH'EA, II. A genus of short-tailed crustaceans, the species of wliich arc found in the Mediterranean, in Brazil, at the Cape, and in the East. E RIX, n. See Ebyx. ERKE,t a. [Sax. ert/v-l Weary; indo- lent; sick. [Chaucer.] ElOlEjf V. i. [Sax. earme.] To grieve : to lament. {Chancer.] ERME FULjf a. Miserable; piteous. [Chaucer.] ER'MIN.t «• Armenian. [Chaucer.] ERN'EST.f H. [See Earnest.] Zeal ; studious pui'suit of anything. [Chau- cer. ^ ERO'DENTS.n. [L.crorfo,to gnaw off. j Medicines which eat away, as it were, extraneous growths. ERO'SION, H. [add.] In med., the gradual destruction of the substance of a part by ulceration, or by increased action of the absorbents, whether spon- taneous, or excited by the action of some irritating substance. EROSIVE, a. Having the property of eating away or corroding ; corrosive. EROTE€ Tie, n. Interrogatory. EROTOMA'NIA, 7i. See Erotomasy. EROT'YLUS, n. A genus of coleopter- ous insects abounding in South Ame- rica. ERPETOL OGY, n. [add.] [See Her- PETOLOGT.] ERRAND-BOY, n. A boy employed as a messenger. ERRAN'TES, h. [L. errans, wander- ing.] A family of annelides, commonly known by the nauies of sea-centipeds. sea- mice, or nereids. They constitute the Borsibranchiata of Cuvier. ERRATA, n. plur. See ERRAxrM. ERRAT'Ice.] ESE,t 7(. Ease; pleasure. [Chaucer.] ESE,t I', t. or i. To accommodate ; to be pleased. [Chaucer.] ESE MENT,t H. Easement; relief. [Chaucer.] ES'IEjf a. Gentle; light; easy. [Chau- cer.] ES'lLICH,t adv. Gently; easily. [Chaucer.] ESLOYNE'.t r. /. [.*^ee Esloin.] To withdraw. [A/>eHjfer.] ESO'CID^, n. The pikes, a family of fishes. [See Esox.] ESO-ENTERITIS, ". [Gr. f^». within, and ir7£^o«, an intestine.] Infiainmation of the mucous membrane of the intes- tines. ESO-GASTRI TIS, n. [Gr. iff*-, within, and yaffTT.f. the belly. J Indamuiation of the mucous membrane of the stomach. ESOTERTCALLY, adv. In an esoteric manner. ESOTER'ICISM, 71. Esoteric doctrine or principles. ESOTERICS, 71. Doctrines mysterious or hidden. ES PADON, «. A long sword of Span- ish invention. ESPAL'IER, n. [add.] A treOis for training fruit-trees or bushes upon, in- stead of nailing them to walls. ESPi'AILLE,t n. [Fr.] Espial; a .spy- in?. [Chaucer.} ESPIR'ITUELL,+ n. [Fr.] Spiritual; heavenly. [Chaucer.] ESPOUS'EK, 71. [add] One who che- rishes or maintains. [ ShnflesOurp.] ESQUISSE',H. (es-kes'.) [Fr.] The tirst sketch of a picture, or model of a statue, ESSAY, n. instead of ESSAY. ES'SAYIST, instead of ESSAYIST. ESSOIN', a. In laic, allowed for the appearance of suitors; an epithet ap- plied to the first three days of a term, now abolished. [See Essoign.] ESSOYNE',t n. [See Essoign.] An exeus^e. [Spenser/] ESTABLISHMENT, n. [add.] Aplace of residence, or of transacting business ; an institution, whether public or pri- vate. ESTAFETTE', «. (estafet'.l [Fr.] A courier; an express of any kind. ESTAN'CIA, n. [Sp.] Mansion; dwell- ing. — In America^ landed property. ESTANCIE'RO, n. [Sp.] Farm-bailiff; overseer of a domain. ESTAT ,t 7i. [Fr] State; condition. [Chaucer.] ESTATE, H. [add.] Real estate com- prises lands, tenements, and heredita- ments, held or enjoyed for an estate of freehold. — Personal estate comprises interests for terms of years in lands, tenements, and hereditaments, and pro- perty of every other description. All real estates not being of copyhold tenure, or what are called customary freeholds, are either of freehold or less than free- hold ; of the latter kind are estates for years, at will, andbysmierance. Estates are also divided into legai, equitable, and custo7nary. ESTATE'LICH,t a. Stately. [Chau- cer.] ESTHET IC, ) a. Pertaining to the ESTHET ICAL,) science of taste. ESTIMA TION, n. [add.] Conjecture. [Shah.] ESTOC, 77. [Tr.] A short sword worn at the girdle by mounted soldiers. ESTRAM'ACON, 7*. [Fr.] A sort of two-edged sword formerly used; a pass with a sword; a back-staff. ESTREEN'. See Yestreen. ESTREPE'xMENT, 7i. [^add.] The tcn7 of estrepe/nent was abolished by 3 and 4 Wm. IV., c. 99. ES TRES,t 7i.plu7\ [Fr.] The inward parts of a building. [Chaucer.] ES'TU ARY', a. Belonging to, or formed in an estuarv ; as, estuary strata. ETAT'-M.\'JOR, 7i. (a-ta-ma'-zhor.) [Fr.] Officers and sub-officers, as dis- tinguished from their troops ; also, the superior officers. ETCH, V. I. To practise etching. ETCUTKG-GROUND, n. See Etch, V. t ETHEREAL, a. [add.] Existing in the air; looking blue like the sky; as, ethe- real mountains. [Thomson.] ETHE'REALISM, 7i. The quality of being ethereal. ETHEREAL'1TY,7(. The state or con- dition of being ethereal. ETHE'REALLY', adv. In a celestial or heavenlv manner. ETHE REAL OIL, n. An oil found in the residuum of sulphuric ether, and which forms the basis of Hoffman's celebrated anodvne liquor. ETHEREFICA'TION, 77. The process by which an acid and alcohol are so united together as to form ether. EUPHEMIA EVAPORATION EWIIOW ETHE'RIA, n. A g:enus of river-oysters, the shell of which has two muscular impressions. ETHE'RID^E, «. River - oysters, a family of bivalve molluscs. ETHIOP'IG, n. The lauguage of Ethio- pia. ETHIOP'I€, «. Relating to Ethiopia or Abyssinia. ETHNOGRAPHER, In. One who ETHN0L'0(5IST, / cultivates eth- nography; one wlio treats of the dif- fereftt races and families of men. ETHNOLOG le, la. Relating to ETHNOLO(i'I€AL, f ethnology. ETHU'SA, n. A genus of short-tailed criistcic6(ins . ETRUS'CAN, a. Relating to Etriii'ia; as, an Etmscan vase. ET'TER-€AP,7?. Anattercop; a spider; a virulent atrabilious person. \^Scotck.\ ET'TLE, V. t. To aim ; to take aim at any object; to make an attempt; to propose; to intend. \^Scot('h.'\ ETYM0L06'IC, a. Same as Etymo- logical. ETYMOLOt'ieOX, n. A work con- taining the etymologies of the words of a language; a treatise on ety- mology. EU€HLO'RI€ ACID, n. An acid ob- tained by the decomposition of the neu- tral mellitate of ammonia by heat. It is in the form of a white crystalline powder. EU'€HRONE, n. [Gr. wx^oc,, of a fine colour.] A blue substance, a compound of zinc and euchloric acid. EUD^'MONISiM, n. [Gr. wlcc^^^.i^^oi.'] The doctrine of happiness, or thesysteni of philosophy which makes human hap- piness its highest object. EUGEN'I€ ACID, n. An acid found in cloves. It is an oily liQwid, having the strongest odour of cloves, and forms crystallizable salts with base>. EU'6ENIN, or EU GENINE. EULA'HA, H. A genus of dorsibran- chiate annelides. EU'LIMA, n. A genus of marine mol- luscs. EUL0 6lS'TIC, \a. Containing EULOGISTICAL,) eulogy or praifo ; laudatory. EUL06lS'TIt:ALLY,adv. With com- mendation or eulogy. EUMED'ONUS, n. A genus of short- tailed crustaceans. EUMEN'ID^., 7^. A family of hyme- nopterous insects of predaceous habits, allied to the wasps. EUMEN'IDES, n. plur. [L. from Gr. (u/*£v(3e,-.] a name given by the ancients to the Furies. [See FuRr.] £UKO'MIA,H. [Gr. According to He- siod, a goddess who presided over order or good government.] A small planet or asteroid, revolving between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, dis- covered 29th July, I80I, by De Gas- paris. It completes its periodic revo- lution in four years, 114 days, and its mean distance from the sun is about 252 millions of miles. EUNO'TIA, n. In &of., agenus of Dia- tomaceae, distinguished from Epithemia by the delicacy of the ttrise. EUPATO'RIUM,^. [add.]£. perfoUa- turn is a North American plant, known by the popular names of thorough- wort, cross-wort, and bone-set. It is employed as a substitute for Peruvian bark. EUPHE'MIA, n. A genus of birds be- longing to the Psittacidae, or parrot tribe. Several species are found in Australia. E. ehgans is the ground- parakeet of the colonists. EUPHO'NIA, n. A genus of passerine birds, allied to the tanagers. E, Ja- maica is the blue-quit or blue-sparrow of the "West Indies. EUPHO'NIOUSLY, atbi. With eupho- ny; harmoniously. EU'PH0NIS:M, n. An agreeable sound or combination of sounds. EU'PHONON, V. A musical instrument of great sweetness and power; an or- ganized piano. EU'PHONOUS, a. Same as Eurno- NIOUS. EU'PHONY', H. [add.] An agreeable quality of language, arising from the harmonious combination of sounds. It consists in an uninterrupted flow of words, which neither impedes the speakers utterance, nor offends the hearer's ear. EUPHORBIA'CEOUS, a. Relating to Euphorbiacea?. EUPHORB'IAL, a. Relating to eu phorbiaceous plants. EUPHRA'SIA, n. [add.] E. oMcinalis, eyebright, is a plant common in Britain. It is an elegant little plant, with a slightly bitter and aromatic flavour, and has been employed much in medicine, particularly in diseases of the eye. EU'PHUISM, n. [add.] An aftectation of excessive elegance and refinement of language; high-flown diction. EU'PHUIST, ft. [add.] One who affects excessive elegance and refinement of language. Applied particularly to a class of writers in the age of Queen Elizabeth, whose unnatural and high- flown diction is ridiculed in Sir Walter Scott's Monastery, in tiie character of Sir Percie Sliafton. EUPHUIST'IC, a. Belonging to the euphuists, or to euphuism. EUPLEXOP'TERA, ti. An order of in- sects containing the earwigs. EUPODIS'CUS, V. In hot., a genus of Diatomacece, with free disc-like frus- tules, convex valves, and elevated processes on the disc. It is allied to Coscinodiscus. EUPYR'ION, n. [Gr. w, and Tt;;, fire.] Any contrivance for obtaining an in- stantaneous light; as the phosphorus- bottle, lucifer-matches, &c. EURA'SIAN, n. or a. [A contraction of European and Asian.] In India, a term applied to children born of Euro- pean parents on the one side, and Asia- tic parents on the other side. EURE'KA. (pron. heure'ka.) [Gr. I have found it.] EU'RITHMY. See Eukythmy. EURY'ALE, n. A genus of radiated animals, belonging to the Asteridse or star fishes, having the rays very much branched. They are also known by the name of Medusa's-heads. EURYC'EROUS, a. [Gr. iv^^v:, broad, and x£;«f, a horn.] Having broad horns. EVACUANT, a. Provoking evacua- tion. EVaD'IBLE, a. That may be evaded. EVA]SGEL'It,AL, n. One who main- tains evangelical principles. EVANOEL'ICALNESS, n. Quality of being evangelical. [Rar. us.\ EVANGEL'ICISM, n. Evangelical principles. EVAN'OlLESjf n. plur. The Gospels. [Chaucer.] EVAPORA'TION, v. [add.] Sponta- neous evaporation, the production of vapour by some natural agency, with- 157 out the direct application of heat, as on the surface of the earth or ocean. EVAPORATIVE, a. Causing evapo- ration; pertaining to evaporation. EVA'SIBLE, a. That may be evaded. EVE, E'VEN, instead of EVEN, £VE, V. [add.] Figuratively, the period just preceding some important event; as, the eve of an engagement. EVECTION, 7?. [add.] Angle of ewe ~ Hon, an inequality in the motion of the moon, by which, at or near her quad- ratures, she is not in the line drawn through the centres of the earth and sun, as she is at the syzygies, but makes an angle with that line of about 2° 51'. — Evection of heat, its diffusion by translation of the heated particles of a fluid. Thus, when heat is applied to the bottom of a vessel containing water, the particles in contact with the sur- face, receiving the heat, ascend from it, and carry with them the heat they have received. It is in this way, prin- cipally, that liquids are heated. E'VEN, V. t. To equal; to compare. [Scotch.] E'VEN, V. t. [add.] To act up to; as, I have had to even to your content. [Shah.] E'VEN-CHRISTIAN,n.Fellow-Chris- tian. [Shah.] E'VEN-HANDEDNESS, h. The state of being even-handed. E'VENLIKE,t a. Equal. [Chaucer.] E'VEN-TEMPERED,a. Having a pla- cid temper. EVENT'UAL, a. [add.] Happening upon trial or upon the event; contin- gent; depending upon an uncertain event ; as, an eventual succession. EVER AMONG,t adv. Ever and anon. [Spenser.l EVERICH,t a. [Sax.] Every; each. [Chaucer.'] EVERLAST'ING, adu. Very; exceed- ingly ; as, everlasting great. [American vulgarism.] EVERLAST'ING-FLOWERS, n. The popular name given to certain flowers, such as Elichrysum, Xeranthemum,and the like, belonging to the nat. order of Composite, which retain their colour for many months after they have been gathered. EVERYBODY, n. Every person. EVERY NOW AND THEN. An ad- verbial phrase, used colloquially for re- peatedly ; at intervals. E'VET, 71. A kind of bird; an eft. EVIDEN'TIALLY, adv. In an eviden- tial manner. EVIDENTNESS, n. State of being evident. E'VIL ENTREAT, i- /. To treat with injustice; to injure. [Psalnis.] E'VILL HEARE.f To hear evil [L. male audire j is to have a bad charactei' ; to be ill spoken of. [ibpcHj-cr.] EVIL ONE, n. The devil; Satan. EVIN'CING, ppr. Proving; making evident. EVISCERA'TION, n. The act of evis- cerating. EVOKE'. See Evocate. EVOLU'TION, 77. [add.] That which is expanded; as the petals of a flower. EVOLU'TIONARY, a. Pertaining to evolution. EVOLVE', V. t [add.] To follow out and detect through intricacies. EVOiMITA'TlON, n. The act of vomit- ing; expectoration. EW,t «. Yew. [Chaucer.] EH- W(W I 1 ^^ ^^^" ■ ^Scotch.] EXCHAXGEABLE EXCITE EXECUTED EWKaXG, ppr. Itching. [Scotch.'] EXACERVA'TION, ;!. [L. acervits.] The act of heaping up. EXA€UA'TION, n. Act of whetting; a sharpening. EX^'RESIS.n. [Or. !5» Vict., c. 86. A number of offices of the court were abo- lished by 3 and 4 Wm. IV., c. 99. EXCHEQ'UER-CH.\.MBER, n. The court in which the equity business of the courts of exchequer was formerly transacted; but, since the equity side of that court was abolished, the exche- quer-chamber has become a court of appellate jurisdiction, an appeal by writ of error lying to this court from each of the three superior courts. The judges of the three superior courts occasion- ally sit here to hear arguments in im- portant criminal cases, and upon causes of great weight and difficulty, in which the judges of the courts below have not given their judgment. EXCISE'-DDTIES, n. Taxes or duties levied upon articles of consumption which are produced within the king- dom ; as malt, paper, British spirits. EXCISION, n. [add.] A cutting off from the chm'cii ; e-xcummuuication. EXCITABIL'ITY, n. [add.] In med., a healthful, vital susceptibility to the influence of natural, medicinal, and mechanical agents, and the power of responding, in a normal manner, by ac- tions merely, in contradistinction to sensations. This term is also used with such an extension of its significa- tion as to comprehend the power of re- sponding to influences both by actions and sensations. In this acceptation it is exactly equivalent to irritabililt/, in the first of its medical senses, — which EXCI'TANT, \n. [add.] In med., an EX'CITANT, ) agent which, by its in- fluence upon the living solid, produces a new condition and action in such solid. Also, an agent which produces a quickly dift'used and transient increase of vital energy and strength of action in the heart and arteries. This is the most limited acceptation of the term, and in this sense it is equivalent to stimulant. EXCI'T.iNT, a. Tending to excite; exciting. EXCIT.i'TION, n. [add.] In med., the act of producing excitement ; the ex- citement produced. — Excitation of electricity, the disturbance of the elec- tric equilibrium by friction, elevation of temperature, contact, &c. EXCI'T.\TOR, «. iFr. excitateur.] Xn instrument employed to discharge a Leyden jar, or other electrical appara- tus, without exposing the operator to the consequences of the shock. EXCITE , r. t. [add J In med., to pro- duce a new condition or action in the 158 living solid — .\.lso, to stimulate the heart and arteries to increased action and energy. The term is also used in a sense equivalent to irritate. [See ExCITEMEST. i EXCITE'MENT, n. [add.] In med., any new condition produced by the influ- ence of any natural, medicinal, or me- chanical agent, in the living solid. — In a limited sense, a preternatural increase of vital energy and strength of action in the heart and arteries. — .\lso, a viti- ated and abnormal state oi" the actions and sensations, or both, in conjunction, produced by natural, medicinal, or me- chanical agents, cither upon a healthy state of the vital susceptibilities, or by an excessive or otherwise improper use or application of natural, medicinal, or mechanical agents. E.XC1TINGLT, arfti. So as to excite. EXCI TO-MOTORT, a. An epithet applied to that function of the nervous system by which an impression is trans- mitted to a centre, and reflected so as to produce contraction of a muscle, without sensation or volition. EXCLAM'ATIVE, a. Containing ex- clamation. EXCLU'SIONART, u Tending toex- clude or debar. EXCLU'SIONISil, n. Exclusive prin- ciples or practice. EXCLU SIVE, n. One belonging to a coterie of persons who exclude others from their society or fellowship. EXCOMMU'NICATOR, n. One who excommunicates. EXCO.MML' NICATOKY.a Relating to, or causing excommunication. EXCORTICATE, v. t. To strip off the bark or rind. EX-COURT lER, n. One who has ceased to be a courtier. EXtREJIENrAL, a. [add.] Pertain- ing to the faeces ; resembling excre- ments. EX'CREMENTS, n. plur. Hair, nails, feathers, &c. [SAaA.] EXCRETIVE, or EXCRE TIVE, a. EXCRETORY, orEXCRETORY.a. EX CU'RI.V. [L.] In law, out of court. EXCUR'KENT, a. [add.] In bot., a term applied to that mode of ramifica- tion in which the axis remains always in the centre, all the other parts being regularly disposed around it, as in Pinus abies. EXCU'S.\BLY, adi: Pardonably. EX'EAT. [L.] Literally, let him de- part ; leave of absence given to a stu- dent in the English universities.— Also, an ecclesiastical term for the permission granted by a bishop to a priest, to go out of his diocese. EX EeU.\BLENE5S,n. State of being execrable. [Rar. us.] EXECUTABLE, a. That maybe exe- cuted. [Canning.] EXECUTED, pr- or a. [add.] Exe- cuted consideration, in law, is v% hen .\ bails a man's servant, and the master afterwards promises to indemnify A; but if a man promise to indemnify A, in the event of his bailing his servant, the consideration is then executory. — Executed contract is where nothing re- mains to be done by cither party, and where the transaction is completed at the moment the agreement is made, as where an article is sold and delivered, and payment thereof is made on the spot. — Executed estates, estates in pos- session. — Executed trust. When an estate is conveyed to the use of A and his heirs, nith a simple declaration of EXF(ETATION EXOSTOME EXPENDITORS the trust for B and his heirs, or tlie heirs of his body, the trust is perfect ; and it is said to be executed, because no further act is necessary to be done by the trustee to raise and give effect to it, and because there is no ground for the interference of a court of equity to affix a meaning to the words declara- tory of the trust, which tliey do nut legally import, — Executed use, the first use in a conveyance upon which the statute of uses operates by bringing the possession to it, the combination of which — that is, the use and the posses- sion — formed the legal estate, and thus the statute is said to execute the use. EXE€U'TION, H. [add.] At common- law, writs of execution are judicial processes, issuing out of the court where the record or other proceeding is, upon which they are grounded ; and, there- fore, when the record or transcript of the proceedings is removed into any of the courts at Westminster from a county palatine, or from an inferior court, the execution is issued out of the superior court. — Execution of deeds, the signing, sealing, and delivery of them by the parties, as their own acts and deeds, in the presence of witnesses. — In the^we arts, the mode of performing a work of art, and the dexterity with which it is accomplished. — In painting, the term given to the peculiar mode of working for effect ; the manipulation peculiar to each individual artist. Or it may be defined, the right mechanical use of the means of art, to produce a given end. EXE€'UTIVELY, adv. In the way of executing or performing. EXE€'UTORy, a. [add.] Exeattorij devise, a gift of a future interest by will. — Executor^/ estates, interests which de- pend for their enjoyment upon some subsequent event or contingency.— Executor}/ remainder, a contingent re- mainder. — Executory trusts, such as require an ulterior act to raise and perfect them ; as the trusts declared by those wills which are merely direc- tory of a subsequent conveyance. — Executory uses, springing uses. [See Use.] EXE€U'TOUR,t n. An executioner. [Chaucer.] EXE€U'TRICE,t n. A female execu- tioner. [Ckaucer.] EXE'DRA, ) n. In arch., the portico EXHE DRA, / of the gymnasium, or vestibule in private houses. EX'EGETE, n. One skilled in exegesis. EXEM'PLIFIABLE, a. Tliat may be exemplified. EXEM'PLI GRA'TIA. [L.] [add] Usually abbreviated, ex. or., or e. g. EXEMPT', a. [add.] Released; ac- quitted ; excluded. [Shah.] EXERGUE', n. pron, egz-erg'. EX'ETER or EX'ON DOMESDAY, n. The name given to a record pre- served among the muniments and char- ters belonging to the dean and chapter of the cathedral of Exeter. It contains a description of the western parts of England, comprising the counties of Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall. It is supposed, as far as it extends, to contain an exact copy of the original rolls or returns made by the Conqueror's commissioners, form- ing the general survey from which the great Domesday itself was compiled. EXFCETA'TION, n. [L. ex, outward, and fatus.] Extra-uterine foetation, or imperfect foetation in some organ ex- terior to the uterus. EXFO'LIATE, v. t. To scale; to free from scales or splinters. EXHAL A'TION, n. [add.]Exhalations are the vapours which arise from ani- mal or vegetable bodies, marshes, the earthy &c. E.XHALE', [). i. To flyoff, or vanish; as vapour. E XH A'LENCE, «. The act of exhaling ; the matter exhaled. EXIIA'LENT, «. .See Exhalant. EXHAUST'IVE, a. That exhausts; tending to exhaust. EXHE'DRA. See Exedka. EXHIB'ITANT, h. In lau; uue who makes an exhibit. EXHIBI-'TION, u. [add.] In med , the act of administering a remedy. EXHIB'ITOR, H. In law, one who makes an exhibit. EX'HORTATOR, n. An exhorter ; an encourager. EXHUMATE, v. t. To exhume; to disinter. EX'IES, n. Ecstacies ; hysterics. [Scotch.] EXILE, orEX ILE, f. t. EXILED', or EX'ILED. EXIST'ENCY,n. Existence. [Uar.us.] EX'ITUS, n. [L.] In law, issue; off- spring; yearly rent or profits of land. EX'-LEX, n. An outlaw. EX'-MAYOR, n. One who has been mayor, but is no longer in office. EX MERC MO'TU. [L.] From a mere motion ; from one's own freewill ; without suggestion or constraint. A phrase used in charters and letters- patent, to signify that they are granted by the sovereign of his own freewill and motion, that is, without petition. EX NECFSSITA'TE. [L.] Of neces- sity ; from the necessity of the thing, or of the case. EX O. [Gr. e|a», outward, without.] A Greek preposition, used as a prefix, and signifying outward ; without ; on the outside of. EXO'DIUiM, n. [L. from Gr. i|,i,., , ij, and oio.-, a way.] In Greek tragedy, the end or denouement of the play ; the catastrophe. EX-OFFI'CIO INFORMATIONS, H. In law. [See Infobmation in this Supp. I EX'ON, ) „ .- r. . EXO'NIA i Roman names tor Exeter. EXON'ERATOR, n One who exone- EXORCISATIONS,t n. plur. Exor- cisms. I Chaucer.] EXORRHI'ZA, or EXORHI'ZA. EXORRHI'ZOUS, or EXORHI- ZOUS. EX'OSKEI/ETON, n. [Gr. s{a,, with- out, and i7xi>.i-rn, a dry body.] In anat., a term applied to the external bony encasement of many animals, which may be merely hairs, quills, o.r horny scales. EXOSMO'SIS, n. Same as Exosmose. EXOSTEM'MA,n. [Gr. e>, and jn.u,x^, a crown.] A genus of plants, nat. order Cinchonacese. The species are trees or shrubs, natives of the West India islands, Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. They are known by the common name of quinquina. Exostcmma caribfpuui and Exostemma jloribimda are remarkable for possessing properties similar to those of the true quinquina, but with- out any trace of either cinchonine or quinine. EXOSTOME, instead of EXOS- TOME. 353 EXOTER'ICISM, n. E.xoteric doc- trines or principles EXOTER'ICS, n. plur. The lectures of Aristotle on rhetoric, to which all were admitted; his published writings EXOTHE'CIUM, n. [Gr. iSo,, and *-,;,„, a case.] In hot., a name given to the coat of an anther. EXOT'ICISM, „. [add.] A foreign word or idiom. EXPAND'ING CENTRE-BIT, n. A hand-instrument, chiefly used for cut- ting out discs of leather and other thin material, and for making the margins of circular recesses. It consists of a central stem a, and point b, mounted "2'- on a transverse bar c, wliich carries a cutter d at one end, and is adjustable for radius. The arm c being carried round the fixed points a and b, the cut- ter d describes a circle of which the radius is the distance h d. EXPANS'IBLY, adv. In an expansible manner. EXPANSILE POWER, ) n. In phy~ EXPANSIBILITY, j sio/.,avitai property, more or less observable in several organs, as the penis, the nipple, the heart, the uterus, the retina, &c. EXPAN'SION, n. [add.] In commerce, an increase of the issues of bank* notes. EXPAN'SION-ENOilNE, n. A steam- engine in which the supply of steam is cut off previous to the stroke being com- plete, the expansive power of the steam admitted being sufficient to complete the stroke EXPANSION-GEAR, n. In mech., a combination by which the steam may be worked expansively in a steam-en- gine. [See Valve, and Cam.] EXPECT', V. L [add.] To require or demand ; as, payment will be expected when the bill falls due. EXPEt.'T',! V. i. To wait; to stay. EXPECT'INGLY, adv. With expecta- tion. EXPE€'TORATIVE, n. A medicine to promote expectoration ; an expec- torant. EX PE'DE HER'€ULEM. [L.] A phrase signifying orUjinaily, from the remaining foot of Hercules' statue learn the size of his entire person ; vsed. figu- ratively to signify, from a partial exhi- bition or display, learn the full extent of a man's powers or characteristic ex- cellences. EXPED IMENT,t n. The whole of a person's goods and chattels; bag and bagj^'age. EXPEOI 'TIOUSNESS, n. Quickness; expedition. EXPED'ITORY, (/. Making haste; expeditious. EXPEND'ITORS, n. In law, persons appointed by commissioners of sewers to pay, disburse, or expend the money collected by the tax for the repairs of EXPRESSION EXTINGUISHMENT EYE sewers, &e., when paid into tlieir hands by the colleetorSj on the reparations, amendments, and reformations ordered by the commissioners. EXPENSE', n. [add.l Expenditure: a passing away ; as, to moan the ea-pense of many a vanished sisht. [Shah.] EXPERIMEN TUM€KU'CIS,n. [L.] A crucial or decisive experiment ; a test of the severest and most searching nature ; or, according to Bacon's idea, such an experiment as leads to the true knowledge of things sought after, or determines at once between two or more possible conclusions, somewhat in the same way as the crosses or way- posts used to point out roads. EXPERT ,t r. (. To experience. [Spen- ser.] EX'PIR ATORT, or ESPI'E ATOEY. EXPIREE', 71. [Fr. exiyirl] A term denoting a convict who has served his period of punishment. EXPISeA TI()X,t n. A fishing; pis- cation. EXPLEITE',t V. t. [Fr.] To perform. [Chaucer.] EX'PLETIVELY', adc. In the manner of an expletive. EX'PLI€ABI,ENESS, n. Quabty of being explicable or explainable. EXPLICATE, a. Evolved; unfolded ; explicated. EXPLORA'TION, n. [add.] In med., examination of the abdomen, chest, &c., with a view to ascertain the phy- sical signs of disease, in contradistinc- tion to those signs which are called symptoms. EX'PLORATOR, instead of EX- PLORA'TOR, n. [add.] The name of a contrivance for ascertaining daily the electrical state of the air. EXPO'NEXT, «. [add.l Figurativehi, one that stands as an index, or repre- sentative ; as, the leader of a party is the exponent of its principles. EXPOSE', n. (exposa'.) [add.] A formal recital by an individual or a govern- ment, of the causes and motives of acts performed. EXPOS!' TION, n. [add.] The act of easting out to perish ; commission to chance ; as, the exposition of children ; a display, or setting out in the most striking point of view ; as, the exposi- tion of arguments. EXPOSTULATE.t '•• <■ [add.] To complain of. EXPRESS , n. [add.] Any vehicle or vehicles despatclied on a particular occasion; as, an express train. — Also, a regular conveyance for packages, &c. EXPRESS', V. t. [add.] To send ex- press ; to despatch by express. — To exemplify; to exhibit by action or be- haviour; as, they expressed in theii' lives those excellent doctrines of mo- rality. [Addison.] EXPRESSED', pp. [add.] Despatched by express. EXPRES'SER.-j n. One who expresses. EXPRES'SION, n [add.] The out- ward signs that make known internal feeling; appearance of the countenance as indicative of mental qualities or dis- positions; that transient change which lakes place in the permanent form of a face or figure while under the inriu- euce of various emotions. 1'he chief feature of expression is the eye, and the eye-brow is a powerful auxiliary to it. — The character, as indicated in the countenance or conformation of the whole exterior of llie hunian body. EXPKES'SURE, n. [add.] Process of squeezing out. EXPREST'.t pp. Expressed; pressed out. [Spenser.] EXPDRG ATO'RIAL, a. Expurgatory. [Bar. vs.] EXPYRE',t V. t. To send or bring forth_. [Spenser.] EXPYR'ED.t pp. Brought forth or discovered. [Spenser.] EX QUISITE, n. [add.] One dressed with extreme care ; a fashionable per- son of either sex ; a belle, or dandy. EXSCRIP'TURAL, a. Not found in Scripture. EXSECT, i: i. To cut out; to cut away. EXSI€'€ATE, i-. t. instead of EX'SI€- €ATE. EXSI€'€ATED, instead of EX'SIG- €ATED. EXSICCATING, instead of EX'SIG- t'ATING. EXSUEELICATE, a. [L. ej-,and suf- ./fo.] Exaggerated; extravagant. [6'AnA.] EX'TASlE,t n. [6'feEcsTiSr.] Sudden surprise. [Spenser.] EXTEMPORAL, a. [add.] Able to in- spire extemporaneous language. Assist nie, s rme cxfentporat god ot rtnaie. Shnfr. EXTEMPORE, a. Extemporary; ex- temporaneous EXTENDED, pp. [add.] Seized upon. [Shah.] EXTEND'EDLY, adv. In an extended manner. EXTENSION, n. [add.] Iji surgerj/, the act of pulling the broken part of a limb iu a direction from the trunk, in order to bring the ends of the bono in- to their natural situation. — In mercan- tile language, an extension is a written engagement on the part of a creditor, allowing a debtor fm-ther time to pay a debt. EXTENT', n. [add.] Under the wHt of extent, the body, lands, and goods of the debtor may be all taken at once, in order to compel the payment of the debt; but it is not usual to seize the body. — Extent in chief, a writ issuing from the court of exchequer, directed to the slieriff, ordering him to take an inquisition or inquest of office, on tljc oaths of lawful men, to ascertain the lauds, &c., of the debtor, and seize the same into the queen's hands. — Extent in aid, a writ which issues at the suit or instance of a crown-debtor, against a person indebted to himself. It is grounded on the principle that the crown is entitled to the debts due to the debtor. EXTEN'UATE, r. i. To become more rare and subtile. EXTEN'UaTOR, n. One who extenu- ates. EXTERN', n. Outward part; exterior form. — Auiong Boman Catholics, a student or pupil wlio does not live or board witliin a college or seminary ; a day-scholar. EX TINE, a. [L. exiiinus, outermost.] In hot., a term applied to the outer- most membrane of the pollen-grain in plants. EX'TINE, n. In hot., the outer coat of the pollen-grain. EX'ilN GUISli, i: i. To go out. EXTIN GUISilMENT, n. [add] In law, the extinction or annihilation of a rigiit, estate, &ic., by means of its being merged in, or consolidated with, an- other, generally a greater or more ex- tensive right or estate. Extinguish- ment is of various natures, as applied J6ii to various rights; as extinguishment of estates, commons, copyholds, debts, li- berties, services, and ways. EXTIRPER,t n. One who extirpates, or utterly destroys. [Bacon.] EXTORT', for Extorted. [Spenser.] EX'TRA, a. [Contracted from Extra- ordinary.] Extraordinary ; extreme ; as, an extra price ; extra charge. [In colloquial use.] EX'TRA -COSTS, n. In laiv, those charges which do not appear upon the face of the proceedings: such as wit- nesses' expenses, fees to counsel, at- tendances, court-fees, &c. EXTRACT', i.. t. [add.] In arith. and atg., to extract the root of any number or quantity is to determine the root. EXTRACTIBLE,a. That may be ex- EX'TRACT'IFORM, a. In chem., having the appearance of an extract. EXTRACT'ING, ppr. or a. [add.] Ab- sorbing ; as, extracting frenzy. [Shah.] EXTRACT'OR, n. [add.] He or that which extracts. EXTRADI'TION, n. [Fr. from Lat. ex, and traditio, trado, to deliver.] Delivery from one nation to anotlier. It is particularly applied to the delivery, by one nation or state to another, of fugitives from justice, in pursuance of a treaty. EXTR A jrU'R AL, a. [L. extra, beyond, ^vithout, and murus, a wall.] Without or beyond the walls, as of a fortified I city. EXTRA'NEOUSLY.arfi-. In an extra- neous manner. EX'TRA-PARO'eHIAL,a. [add.] An epithet for any place or district exempt from the duties of a parish ; as, extra- parochial land, &c. EX'TRA-PARO'CHIALLY,arfi>. Out of a parish. EXTRAVAGANT, a. [add.] Enor- mouslv absurd. EX'TRA-U TERINE,a. [L. extra,Aad uterus, the womb.] A term applied to those cases of pregnancy in which the fetus is contained in some organ ex- terior to the uterus. EXTREME', a. Instead of "extreme and mean proportion," read extreme and mean ratio. EXTRE MIST, n. A supporter of ex- treme doctrines or practice. EXTRIN'SICALNESS, n. The state of being extrinsical. [Bar. us.] EXUL'CERATIVE, a. Rendering ul- cerous. EXDLT'INGLY, adv. In an exulting or a triumphant manner. EXUNGULA'TION, n. Act of exun- gulating. or of paring ofl' superfluous parts. [Bar. us.] EXUVIATION, n. [L. exuvice, the cast-off skin of certain animals.] In zooL, the process by which the crusta- ceous animals throw ofi' their old shell, and form a new one. EX VO'TO. [L.] In consequence of a vow ; applied to votive offerings ; as of a picture for a chapel, &c. ; common in Roman Catholic countries. EY,t n. [Sax.] An egg. [Chaucer.] EYE, n. [add.] Tinge; shade; as, an eye of green. [Shah.] — Character. [Shah.] — Eyes of the rigging, among seamen, those parts of the shrouds in the form of a collar, which go over tlie mast. — The eyes of stays are termed collars. — Flemish eye, the strands of a rope's end opened and divided into two parts, and laid over each other, marled, parcelled, and served together, form an FACTORIAL FAIL FALL eye in the sense here understood. — Lashiiirj-ej/e, an eye spliced on the end or ends of a rope, for a lashing being rove through, to set it tight. — Spliced-eye, or ej/e-spUce. [See Eye- Splice. I EiE'-FLAP, n. A blinder on a horse's bridle. EY'EN, fn.plur. [Sax.] Eyes. [Cliaucer.] EYE'-WATER, n. A medicated water for the eyes. EYNE, n. The obsolete or poetical plu- ral of eye; used by Spenser, Shali- speare, &c. EYRE,t n. Air. [C/mMcer.] EYR'ISH.f a. Aerial. [Chaucer.] EY'SELL, 1 ;i. [8ax. eiHle.] Vinegar. El'SEL, (■ [Shak.] F. FA', Iv. i. or (. To befal; to fall. FAW, ( [Scotch.] FA, II. i. To get; to obtain. [Scotch.] FA'ARD, a. Favoured. — lU-fa^ard, ill-favoured. [Scotch.] FAB'RI€-LANDS,t n. Property given towards the rebuilding or repairing of cathedrals and churches. FACADE', for F AC' ADE, pron. fasade'. FACE'-AGUE,;!. Tic-doloureux,a kind of neuralgia, which occurs in the nerves of the face. FACE'-GUARD, n. A kind of mask to defend the face and eyes from acci- dents, :\s in various chemical and me- chanical processes. FACET, instead of FA'CET, n. [add ] In anat., an articular cavity of a bone, when neai'ly plain. — In viech. [See Spigot-and-Facet in this Sujip.] FACETED, a. Having facets; formed into facets. FA"CIAL, a. [add.] Facial jierve, the hard portion of the seventh pair of nerves, arising from the upper part of the respiratory tract. — Facial vein, a vein which commences at the summit of the head and forehead. FA"CIALLY, ado. In a facial manner. FA"C1ENT, n. [h. faciem, tromfacio, to do, to make.] A doer; one who does anything, good or bad, FA'CIES, n. [add.] In anat, the face, including the nose, mouth, eyes, and cheeks. — Fades llippocratica, the pe- culiar appearance of the face imme- diately before death, first described by Hippocrates. FA'CING,H. [add.] In hvdrauUc earth- work, a layer of conmion materials or soil laid over the lining or puddle, or upon the bottom and sloping sides of a canal, reservoir, &c. — Also, a thin layer of earth or soil on the sloping sides of a railway or other cutting. — Facings, in viilitart/ laufjuaiie, the dif- ferent movements of the men to the right, left, &c. — Also, the name given to the lappels, cuffs, and collar of a regimental uniform, which are gene- rally of a different colour from the body of the coat. FA'CINGLY, adv. In a fronting posi- tion. FACONDE', n. or a. [Fr.] Eloquence; eloquent. [Chancer.] FA€'SIM'1LE, V. I. To represent by fac-simile; to copy exactly. FA€TI "TIOUS, a. [add.] Factitious diseases, such diseases as aie produced wholly, or in part, by the patient. — Factitious water, water prepared in imi- tation of natural waters, as those of Brighton. FA€TI"TIOUSNESS, n. Quality of being factitious. [Lit. us.] FACTOR, n. [add.] Interim factor. \See Interim.] FACTO'RIAL, a. [add.] Factorial ex- pression, in matlt., a term sometimes applied to an expression of which the factors are in arithmetical progres- I.— Supp. sion; as, (x + 1). {x -f 2). {x -j- 3). (.T + 4). FAtlTO'RIALS, n. plur. In math., a term proposed by Arbogast for the dif- ferent cases of the symbol a:"/", in which n represents factors which alter at every step by a. FA€'TORY,n. [add.] A name formerly given to establishments of merchants and factors resident in foreign coun- tries, who were governed by certain regulations adopted for their mutual support and assistance against the un- due encroachments or interference of the governments of the countries in which they resided. But in modern times, these factories have in a great measure ceased to exist, on account of the greater degree of security and pro- tection which merchants enjoy in theu' transactions with foreign countries. FA€'TOAL, «. Relating to, or contain- ing facts. [Rare.] FA€'ULTY,n. [add.] Court of faculties, a .jm'isdiction or triliunal belonging to the arclibisliop. It creates rights to pews, monuments, and particular places and modes of burial. It has also powers in granting licenses of different descriptions ; as a license to marry, a faculty to erect an organ in a parish church, to level a church-yard, &c. FAE, H. Foe. [Scotch.] FAH: ^"''"'- Whose; who. [Scotch.] FAEii, n. Foam. [Scotch.] FA'EN, pp. Fallen. [Scotch.] FA'ERIE,t ". [Fi-.] The nation of fairies. [Chaucer.] FAG, )i. [add.] In the English schools, a boy who performs menial services for another boy of a higher form or class. [Colloq.] FAG'GED, pp. [.add.] Untwisted, as the end of a rope. — Fagged out, fa- tigued ; worn out. [Colloq.] FAGGING,!!, [add.] The acting as a drudge for another at an English school. [Colloq.] FA'GIN, n. The name given to a nar- cotic substance obtained from the nuts of the jFa{;Mi-s;//i;ni(ca,orcommon beech. FAG'OT, n. [add.] The practice of hiring persons to appear at musters, in order to make a false return of com- panies that were not completed, has long since been abandoned. FAGOTTO, n. [It.] A musical wind- instrument; a bassoon. FAG'OT-VOTES, «. In politics, votes created by the partitioning of an estate into numerous tenements, and letting these at an almost nominal rent to tenants who covenant to vote accord- ing to the dictate of the lessor. FaHI/ORE, n. A gray copper-ore. [■See Fahlerz.] FAIENCE', instead of FAIENCE, prou. fayans'. FAIL, V. t. [add.] To neglect to keep or observe; as, to fail an appointment. [Swift.] 101 FAINE,t V- t. or i. [Fr.] To feign ; to dissemble. [Chaucer.] FaINE, a. or v. i. [See Fain.] [Spen- ser.] FAlN'ED,t pp. Desired; wished fondly. [Spenser.] FAINT'- ACTION, «. In?ai(i, afeigned action. FaINT'ING, lipr. Dele second repeti- tion of this word. FAINT-PLEADER,/!. In lam, a frau- dulent, false, or coUusory manner of pleading, to the deception of a third person. FAIR, a. [add.] In mercantile nse, middling; medium; as, a /«ir demand; of a fair quality, &c. — To fair a ship, to chip the timbers regularly. FAIRE'HEDE,t n. [Sax.] Fairness; beauty. [ Chaucer.] FAIRISH, a. Reasonably fair. FAIR'- ONE, n. One who is fair; a beauty. FAIR'-PLAY, n. Equitable conduct; just or liberal action. FAIR'-TOLD, a. Well told; pleasing; interesting. Wliicli faire-lold tale alluica to him muche people, B3 well of the cliiualry as of the jueane sort. Hail. Heimj II. The Tliirlirl/i Itre. FAlR'-WEATH'ER,a.Notingpleasant weather ; existing or done in pleasant weather, or with little inconvenience. [Pope.] FAITII, exclani. A colloquial expres- sion, meaning on my faith ; in truth ; verily. FAlTlI,t V. t. To believe; to credit. FAI'TUER, n. Father. [Scotch.] FAITH'FUL, a. [add.] Exactly con- formable to truth, or to a prototype ; as, a faithful copy or likeness. FAITH'FITLLY, arfu. [add.] Conform- ably to aii'example or prototype. FAI'TOUR, n. A rascal ; a mean fellow. [Scotch.] FAIT'OURS,t n.phir. [5eeFAiT0UB.] Vagabonds. [Spenser.] FAL'€0, n. A Linnieau genus of acci- pitrine diurnal birds, subdivided into two great sections, viz., noble birds of prey, and ignoble birds of prey. The tirst comprehends the falcons properly so called, as the common falcon, the gyrfalcon ; the second comprises tlie eagle, goshawk, sparrow-hawk, buz- zard, harriers, &c. [See Falcon, Fal- CONID.E.] FAL'CON-6EN'TIL, \n. A falcon FAL'CON-OEN'TLE, / when full feathered and completely bred. FAL'eUL.'i., n. [L.] In zool., a com- pressed, elongate, curved, and sharp- pointed claw. FALL,f u. [Scotch, fa or fato.] Lot ; fortune ; condition. JIust not the woild wend in \m common course From good to had, and from had to worse ; From worse unto that is worst of all, And tlien return to lus former /aH .' Spnscr. FALL.t l"- A. part of FALL'ING-BAND,+ f dress worn 7 p FALX FAN-TAIL FASCICULUS about the necV, as roflFs were. They seem to have been something like bands, but larger. FAL-LALS, n. Foolish ornaments in dress. ^Scotch.] FALL'IXG, )n. [add.] FaUlng FALL'ING-IN,} home, in ship-car- pentri/, a term applied to the timbers or upper parts of the sides of a ship when they curve inwards. — Fulling sluice, a kind of flood-gate for mill- dams, rivers, canals, &c., which is self- acting, or contrived so as to fall down of itself in the event of a flood, whereby the water-way is enlarged. FALXOW. n. Fellow. [Scotch.] F.\LSE, a. [add.] False Jud'jmeiil, in laic, a writ of false judgment is a pro- cess that lies, by way of appeal, to the superior courts, from inferior courts, not of record, to amend errors in their proceedinirs. FALSE' CLAIM, n. By the forest laws, a false claim is where a man claims more than his due, and is amerced and punished for so doin;:. FALSE €OXCEP'TION, n. Concep- tion, in which, instead of a well-organ- ized embryo, a mole or some analogous production is formed. FALSED,1- pp. Made false ; falsifled ; deceived ; deluded ; feigned ; counter- feited. [5;ie;u«fr.] F.VLSE'ISM, H. A falsity; the opposite of truism. [Bare.] FALSE MEil BKANE, n. A mem- brane-like substance which is the result of inflammation, and is formed by the coagulation of the fibrinous fluid or lymph, poured out on membranes which have a free surface. FALSEN.t V. t. or i. [Sax.] To falsify ; to deceive. [Chaucer ] F.ALSE POSITION,!). Ina?i(/imeKc. [Sec Position.] FALSE PRETEN'CES, n plur. False representations, made in order to obtain monev or goods, with intent to cheat. FALSE QU.4RTER, n. In farriery, a rift or crack in the hoof of a horse, which has the appearance of a piece put in. FALSE' RAIL,?!. In as7i!>,athin piece of timber attached inside of a curved head-rail, in order to strengthen it, FALSE' STEJL "■ In a «*'>> the same as CCTW.VTER. FAL'SET. n. Falsehood. [Sco(c/i.] FALSETTE ,a. In r/ief., noting a shrill or high tone of the voice ; a cry, scream, or veil. FALSETTE', n. See Falsetto. FALSET TO, n. [add.] In music, a key in which a singer uses notes that be- long not to the natural compass of his voice. FALSI -CRl'JIEN. [add.] In laic, a fraudulent subordination or conceal- ment, with design to darken or conceal the truth, or make things appear other- wise than they really are ; as in swear- ing falsely, antedating a contract, or selling by false weights. F.\LSIFI€A'TIOX, n. [add.] Wilful misstatement or misrepresentation. FAL'SIFIC.VTOR, instead of F^LSI- FICA'TOR. FALSIFY, V. t. [add.] To baffle ; as, to falsifti a blow. [Butler.] FALSING OF DOOMS, n. In Scots laic. [See Doom.] FAL'WE.t n. [Sax.] TeUow. [Chaucer.] FAL'WES.t n. plur. [Sax.] Fallow lands; new ploughed fields, or fields recently made arable. [Chaucer.] FALX, n. [L. a scjthe or sickle.] In | FAN aiiaf., a term applied to a scythe or sickle-like process ; as, the falx cerebri, the .falx cerebelli. F.i'MES, n. [L] Famine ; hunger, F.iMILT, «. [add.] In not. AtsMheterm familii is mostly applied to a group of plants or animajs of the same value as a natural order ; but some apply it to designate a group of less value than an order, while others use it loosely to distinguish any group of higher value than a single species. It is thus some- times employed as synonymous with genus. — In zool. the Latin termination of the names of families used in tliis country is idt^, as Felidcc, the cat fa- mily; in hot. the termination is acea, as Banunciilacerp. FA:MOS'ITr,t n. Renown. F.iMULAR,+ a. [Lat.] Domes«c. [Chaucer.] FAM'ULIST, it. In Orford unicersiti/, \ an inferior member of a college ; a ser- vant. FAN, 71. [add.] A small vane or sail used to keep the large sails of a smock-mill always in the direction of the wind. Large revolving fans, driven by ma- chinery, are frequently used, not only in the process of winnowing, but also to facilitate the cooling of fluids, or as blowing-machines, to urge the combus- tion of a fire, or to assist in ventilation. Such an apparatus is also applied to regulate or cheek, by the resistance of the air to its rapid motion, the velocity of light machinery, as in a musical snuff-box ; also, to regulate the throttle- valve of steam-engines. The apparatus thus applied is called the fan-goremor. FAN,t 1. A quintain. [Chaucer.] WHAN } "*■ ^^''"- [Scotch.] FAN'ATISM, 71. Religious frenzy; fa- naticism. [Bare] FAN-BLAST, 7i. In iron-works, the blast produced by a fan, in contradis- tinction to that produced by a blowing engine. FAN'CILESS. o. Destitute of fancy. FAN-CRICKET, n. An insect, the churr-worm. FANCY, II. [add.] One possessed by love. [SAaA.J — Tlie fancy, 3. cant name for sporting characters. FAN'CY, a. Fine ; elegant ; orna- mental : adapted to please the taste or fancv ; us, fancy goods or articles. FAN CY-BALL, n. A ball in which persons appear in fancy dresses ; imita- tions of antique costumes, &c. FAN'CY-GOODS, ) h. Light, elegant FANCY-WARES, j wares, adapted to please the taste or fancy. FAN'CY-STOCKS, >i. Among Ameri- can brokers, stocks which, having no determinate value from any fixed pro- bable income, fluctuate in price ac- cording to the fancy of speculators. FAN'CY-WOVEN, a. Formed by the imagination. veil'd in Fable's /a/if y-icorf« vest. ITarten. FAN-GOVERNOR, n. In TuecA. [See Fan in this Supp.] FAN'NING-BREEZE, n. Among sea- men, a light, gentle breeze, sufficient to fill the light sails as they extend or col- lapse by the action of the air and the motion of the vessel. FAN'NING-MACHINE, ri. A fan; a machine for cleaning seeds from chafl^, husks. &c. FAN-SUAPED, a. [add.] In bot., plaited like a fan, as the leaf of Boras- 1 sus flabcllifonpis. -T.\IL, n. A genus (Rhipidura) of 162 Australian birds, belonging to the fa- mily Muscicapid*. They are so named from the fan-like shape of their tails. FANT.\STIC.VLITY, ti. Fantastical- ness. [Bare.] FANT.\S TICNESS, n. Fantastical- ness. [Bare.] F.i,NTOCCINI, n. plur. (fantoche'ne.) [It.] Dramatical representations, in which puppets are substituted for hu- man performers. FARCE, n. [add] Ridiculous parade; empty pageantrv ; mere show. F.\KCE,t r. t. [Ft. farder.] To paint. [Chaucer.] FXR'CICALNESS, n. Quality of being ludicrous. F.iRC'lNG, n. Stuffing composed of forced meat. F.\RD, n. Colour. [ScotcA.] FAR DEL, 71. -add.] Fardel of land,the fourth part of a yard-land. + FAR'DING-BAG, 71. The first stomach of a cow or other ruminant animal, where green food lies until it be chewed over again. FAR'DING DEAL OF LAND.fThe fourth part of an acre. FARE.t «. [Fr. faire.] Ado; bustle; unusual display ; entertainment ; ad- venture. &:c. [Chaucer.] F.\R'EN.+ 1 pp. from Fare. Fared. FARE,t ) [Chaucer.] FAREWELL', or FAREWELL, com- pound. FAREWELL, or FAREWELL', n. F.\RL, 71. See Fjirle. FARJIE,t 71. [Sax.] Food; a meal. [C'AoHcer.] FAR'JIERESS,!!. A woman who farms; a farmer's wife. FaR'JIERS-GEN'ERAL, 71. Injpronce, under the old monarchy, the name given to a company which farmed certain branches of the revenue ; that is to say, contracted with the government to pay into the tre.%sury a fixed yearly sum, taking upon itself the collection of cer- tain taxes as an equivalent. This sys- tem was swept away at the revolution. In England, the only tax that is farmed is that on post-horses. FA'RO-B.4nK, 71. A house or room for gamliling ; a bank or establishment, against which persons play at the game oifaro. PARK, 71. The local name of a glirine quadruped, belonging to the jerboa fa- mily, and found in Egvpt (Psammomys ohesus). FARSE,t i- t. See Fabce. [Cltaucer.] FAR-SOUGHT, n. Sought at a dis- tance; forced. F.'VR THERMOST, n. yiiper/. Beingat the greatest distance. FXR'THING-DALE, n. A rood, or quarter of an acre of land. F.A.S. An abbreviation of Fratemi- tatis Antiqiiariorum Socius, Fellow of the Antiquarian Society. FAS CETS,n. In <;;ass-7naAin(7, the irons which are tlu-ust into the mouths of bottles, to convey them to the anneal- ing tower. FASCIA, n. [add.] A thin sash which the Roman women "n-rapped round tlieir bodies, next to the skin, in order to ren- der the waist slender. FAS CICLE, 71. [add.] A bundle; a col- lection. FASCICULE, 71. A little bundle; a fascicle. FASCICULUS, 71. [add.] A fascicle. In bot., a form of inflorescence re- sembling a corj-mb, but having a centri- fugal instead of a centripetal expansion. FAULD FEATHER FEL FASCiNE', instead of FAS'ClNE, pron. fassen'. FASH, )«. Trouble; vexation. FASII'ERIE, 1 [Scotch.] FASH'ION, V. t. [add.J To contrive ; to adjust; to regulate. FASHIONABLE, n. A person of fa- shion. — Fashionables, people of fashion. A word of modern use as a noun, and chiefly used in the plural. FASH'IONS, «. Farcins, or farcy. [Shah.\ FASH-IOUS, a. Troublesome. [Scotch.] F,VS'SITE,7!. SeeFASSMtE. FAST, a. [add.] To make fast, to fasten ; to tie, or secure ; as a rope. FAST, n. [add.] A rope or chain by which a vessel is moored to a wharf, quay, &c., and named bote, head, quar- ter, stern, or breast fast, according to the part of the vessel to which it is Diade fast. By the breast-fast the ves- sel is secm-ed broadside to the quay. Fast, a. Faced; having faces. [Spenser.] FaST'ENS' E'EN or EVEN, n. Shrove- Tuesday. [See Fa.sterns' E'kn.] FAS'TI, n. 2'liir. [L.] The Roman calen- dar, which gave the days for festivals, pleadings, games, ceremonies, &c , cor- responding toamodern almanac. — .\lso, the name given to marble tables at Rome, on which were inscribed the names of the consuls, dictators, cen- sors, and other principal magistrates of the republic. —The fasti annates were annals or registers of important events. FAST'INGJiEN, )n. In ancient times, FaST'ERMANS, I men of repute and substance, or rather sureties, pledges, or bondsmen, who were bound to an- swer for the peaceable demeanour of their companions. FAT, a. [add.] Among printers, a page having many blank spaces or lines, is called fat. F\T, pron. What. [Scotch.] FAT'- HEADED, a. Dull ; stupid ; thick- sculled. FAT'-HEN, n. In bof., wUd spinach; goosefoot. Fa'THER-LONG-LEGS, n. An insect having long legs, a name applied to the Tipnla pectinicornis of Linn., and other species of crane-flies. FATH'OilABLE, a. That may be fathomed or comprehended. FATID'I€ALLY,adf. In a fatidical or prophetic manner. FAT'TY-TISSUE, n. In animals, the adipose tissue, a tissue composed of minute cells or vesicles, having no com- munication with each other, but lying side by side in the meshes of the areo- lar tissue, which serves to hold them together, and through which also the blood-vessels find their way to them. In the cells of this tissue the animal matter called fat is deposited. F ATU'ITOUS, a. Partaking of fatuity ; foolish ; fatuous. FAUBOURG, n. (fO'-boorg.) [Fr.] A suburb in French cities; the name is also given to districts now within the city, but which were formerly suburbs without it, when the walls were less extensive. FAU'CES, n. [L. plur. of Faux. See Facx.] The gullet or windpipe; the posterior part of the mouth, terminated by the pharynx and lan/nx. FAULD, n. A fold. [Scotch.] FAUL'TER. See Falter. FAUND, pp. Found. [Scotch.] FAUR'D, a. Favoured. [See Fa'ard in this Supp.] [Scotch.] FAUSE, a. False. [Scotch.] FAUT, n. Fault ; default ; want. [Scotch . ] FAUTE.t n. [Fr.] Want. [Chaucer.] FAUTEUIL', n. (fo-teul'.) [Fr.] An arm-chair; an easy chair. FAUVETTE', n. A generic name,intro- duced from French works, for several species of soft-billed birds, generally famed for the fineness of their song. Of these the nightingale is a familiar example. FAVIL'LA, n. In bot., among the alga, a berry-like external conceptaculum, with a membranous coat, closed at the apex, and containing numerous angular spores. FAVlLLID'IUil, n. In ioi, among the algec, a conceptaculum composed of masses of sfiores immersed in the sub- stance of the frond. FA'VOUR, V. t. [add.] To extenuate; to palliate; to represent favourably; as, the painter favoured her squint ad- mirably. [Swift.] FAVULA'RIA, «. [L. .fauus, a honey- comb.] A genus of fossil plants found in the coal-formation, the stems of which have honeycomb-like markings. It is allied to Sigillaria. FA'VUS, n. [L. a honeycomb.] A pus- tule, larger than the achor, and not accuminated. It is succeeded by a yel- low and cellular scab, resembling a honeycomb. FAWE,ta. [Sax.] Glad; fain. [Chau- cer.] FAYLD.t pp. [See Fail.] Deceived. [Spenser.] FAYNE.t B. !. [SeeFAiN.] To rejoice; to take delight ; to be glad. [Sj^enser.] FAYRE'LY.t adv. [See Fairlv.] Softly; gently. [Spensei'.] FaY'TOR,+ ) n. [See Faitouk.] A FAY'T0UR,t) vagabond; a lazy, idle fellow. [Spenser.] FAZZOLET', instead of F AZ'ZOLET. F.D. An abbreviation ofjidei defensor, defender of the faith. [See Defender.] FEAL'DYKE, n. A wall of sods for an inclosure. [Scotch.] FE'ALT Y, n. [add.J The law as to fealty continues xnichanged, though it is not usual now to exact the oath of fealty. It is due from all tenants of land, ex- cept tenants in frankalmoigne, and those who hold at will or by sufferance. The reasons for now requiring it are so few, that it is nearly gone into disuse, though it serves to keep up the evidence of tenure, when there are no other ser- vices due. FFFR* I '^^ Entire. [Scotch.] FEARED, pp. or a. Afi"ected with fear. [Scotch.] FEAliED,pp. [add.] Frayed ; affrighted. [Spenser.] FEAR'FULL.t a. Terrible; causing fear Fearfull eicftes, efts that occa- sion fear. [Spenser.] FEAST'-DAY, n. A day of feasting; a festival- FEATH'ER, n. [add.] To be in high feather, to appear in high spirits and health, like birds when their plumage is full after moulting. — To show the white feather, to give indications of cowardice; a phrase borrowed from the cockpit, where a white feather in the tail of a cock was considered a token that it was not of the true game breed. FEATHER, v. t. [add.] To cover with 163 foliage in a feathery manner. — To fea- ther an oar. \ See Oak.] FEATHERINESS, n. The state of being feathery. FEATHERY-FOOTED, a. Having feathers on the feet. FEAT IIRELY, a. Having features; handsome. FE'BLESSE,t n. [Fr.] Weakness. [Chaucer.] FEBRILE, or FEB'RILE, a. FEBKIS, or FEB'RIS, n. [L.] Fever. FECCHE,t "•'• [Sax.] To fetch. [Chau- cer.] FE'OIAL, n. [L. fccialis.] The Roman herald. FECK'ET, n. An under waistcoat; properly, one worn under the shu't. [Scotch.] FEe'UNDATE, or FEGUN'DATE, V. t. FECUNDATED, or FEGUNDAT- ED, pp. FECUNDATING, or FEGUNDAT- ING, ppr. FED'ERALIZE, v. t. on". In the United States, to unite in compact ; as ditferent States ; to confederate for political pur- poses. FEDERALIZED, pp. United in com- pact. FEDERA'TION, n. [add.] A federal government; as that of the United States. FEE, n. [add.] W.iges. [Scotch.] FEED, 71. [add.] A certain portion or allowance of provender, given to a horse, cow, &c.; as, a feed of corn or oats. FEED'EUS, n. plur. Servants. [Shah.] FEEDING, 7!. [add.] The act of feed- ing ; that which is eaten ; pasture. FEED'-PUMP, n. The force-pump em- ployed in supplying the boilers of steam- engines with water. FEE'-ESTATE, 7i. Lands or tenements for which some service or acknowledg- ment is paid to the chief lord. FEE-EXPEG'TANT, 7!. In law, is where lands are given to a man and his wife, and the heirs of their bodies. FEEFaRJI-RENT, 77. In law, a fee- farm rent is properly a perpetual rent- service reserved by the ci'own, or, be- fore the statute of quia emptores, by a subject upon a grant in fee-simple. [See Rent.] FEEL, a. Foolish. — As a 7io«/!, a fool. [Scotch.] FEE'LESS, a. Having no fees. FEEL'ING, 71. [add.] Sympathy with the distressed ; tenderness of heart. FEES, 71. plur. Certain sums of money claimed as their perquisite by otficial persons, as barristers, physicians, at- torneys, surgeons, &c., under the au- thority of various acts of Parliament, and by prescription. FEFFE,t V. t. [Fr.] To infeofl'; to pre- sent. [Chaucer.] FEIGNED, pp. or a. [add.] Feigned diseases, alleged aftections, which are either pretended or intentionally in- duced. The practice of leigning dis- eases is, in the navy, called shulhimj, and in the army, malingering. FEIGNED' ISSUE, n. In law, a pro- ceeding, whereby an action is supposed to be brought by consent of the parties, to determine some disputed right, with- out the formality of pleading, saving thereby both time and expense. This proceeding is now considerably altered and amended by 8 and 9 Vict., c. 10!). FEINE,t •". t. To feign. [Chaucer.] FEL, 71. [L. fel, fellis.] Gall or bile. FEMINAL FERE FERKOTTPE FEL,t a. See Fell. [Chaucer.] FEL'AW.t n. FeUow. [Cliaucer.] FEL'AWSHIP,! n. Fellowship; com- pany. [Chancer.] FEL'AWSHIPE,! i'. i. To accompany. [Chaucer.] FEL-BOV'INUM, n. [L.] O.x-gall, or bills bovina. An extract of this is used by painters to remove the greasiuess of colours, &e. FEL-DEN,t pret. plur. of Fell. [Sax.] Felled ; made to fall. [Chancer?] FELE.t a. [Sax.] Many. [Chaucer.] FELE,f V. t. To feel ; to have sense ; to perceive. [Chaucer.] FELL, n. [add.] In weaving, the line of termination of a web in tlie i)rocess of weaving, formed by the last weft-thread driven up by tlie lay ; the line to whicli tlie warp is at any instant wefted. FELL,t »■ [Sax. felle.] Anger; gall; melancholy. [See Fel in this Supp.] [Spenser.] FELL, a. Strong and fiery ; keen ; bit- ing; sti'ange. [5t*()/cA.] FELL, V. i. To befall. [Scotch.] FELL, V. t. To kill. [Scotch.] FELL'ABLE, a. Capable of being, or fit to be felled. FELLlN'ie ACID, n. An acid formed in the preparation of biline. FELLOW- eOUN'SELLOR, n. A joint counsellor. FEL'LOW-eOUN'TRTMAN, n. One of the same country. [An unnecessary word.] FEL'LOW-SrOR'TAL, n. One who partakes of a common mortality. FEL'LOWSUIP, n. [add.] An establish- ment in some colleges (as those in Cam- bridge and Oxford) which entitles the liolder (called a fellow) to a share in their revenues. Fellowships vary in value from about £30 to £250 a-year and upwards, and they all confer upon their holders the right to apaitments in the college, and certain privileges as to commons or meals. The condition of celibacy is attached to all fellowships, and, in general, they can be retained only by persons in holy orders, or who are ordained \\"ithin a specified time. They are, in general, tenable for life, unless the holder marries or accepts one of the livings in the gift of the college. — In the United States, the-word fellow- ship is often used for communion, to denote mutual intercourse or union in religious worship, or in doctriue and discipline. FEL'LOWSHIP, I., i. [add.] To fellow- ship icith, in the United States, to hold communion with ; to unite with in doc- trine and discipUne. [A barbarism.] FEL'NESSE,t «. Cruelty; fierceness; barbarity. [i?;>e/wer.J FELONIOUSNESS, n. The quality of being felonious. FEL'ONOUS.t a. Wicked; felonious. FEL'SPAR, n. See Feldspar. FEL'SPATH, n. See Feldspar. FELSPATH le, ) a. See Felds- FELSPATHOSE', J patiiic. FELT'-HAT, n. A hat made of wool or felt. FEMALE JOINT, n. The socket or facet-piece of a spigot-and-facet joint. FEJM'ERELL, ) «. [Fr. fumerclle.] In FOM'ERELL, / «rt'A., a lantern, dome, or cover. FE MICIDE, n. The killing of a wo- man. FEM'INACY, n. Female natm-e; fe- minality. [Kare.] FEM INAL, a. Female ; belonging to a ■woman. FEMINE'ITY, n. Female nature; fe- minality. [Rare.] FEM'INIE,t n. The country of the Amazons. [Chaucer.] FEM'ININISM, n. State of being femi- nine. [Rare.] FEMINlN'ITEE,t «. [Fr.] AYoman- hood. \Chauce)\\ FEMIN'ITEE,tn. Womanhood. [Spen- ser.] FEN, n. [add.] A pestilential abode. [Shah.] FEND, \n. The shift which one makes FEN, ( for one's self, whether for sustenance or in any other respect. [Scotch.] FEND,f n. A fiend; an enemy; the devil. [Chaucer.] FEND, V. t. To defend; to ward off; to support ; to maintain ; to provide for one's self. [A'fo/e/i.] FEND, V. i. To shift ; to malie shift ; to fare in general. [Scotch.] FEND'ACE,t ". A proteciion for the throat, after\vards replaced by the gor- get. FEND'ER, n. [add.] In naut. Ian., a strong piece of round timber suspended over the side of a vessel, to guard it off quay- walls, &c. FEND'ER-PILES, instead of FEND- ER PILES. FEND'ERS, n. plur. Fender-piles. [See Fender.] FEND'LICHE.t a. Devilish. [Chau- cer.] FEN'DY, a. Clever in providing. [Scotch. 1 FENES'TRA, n. [L.] A window; an aperture; an entry into any place. — In anat., the same as foramen. FENESTRATION, n. In arch., the system and mode of design marked by windows, in contradistinction to colum- niation, the system and mode of design marked by colmnns. Employed as a collective term, fenestration is applied to the proportion and distribution of the windows of a facade ; thus it is said, the fenestration is good or bad, or well or ill arranged. FEN'OlTE, H. A kind of transparent alabaster ur marble, sometimes used for windows. FEN'JIAN, n. One who lives in fens or marshes. FEN'NEC, «. .A genus (Megalotis) of di- gitigrade carnivora, closely allied to the dog, and found in North and South Africa. FEN'NEL-WATER, n. A spirituous liquor prepared from fennel-seed. FEN'NISH, a. Full of fens; fenny; marshv. FEOFF'MENT, n. (add.] That mode of conveying the property in lands, or cor- poreal iiereditameuts in possession, where the land passes by livery in deed, that is, actual delivery of a portion of the land, as a twig or a turf; or when the parties, being on the land, the feof- fer expressly gives it to the feoti'ee. As the statute of uses has introduced a more convenient mode of conveyance, feoffments are now rarely used, except by corporations. [See Livery, Seizin, Sasine.] FER,t adv. Far. [Oiaucer.] F£RD,t \pp. of Fere. Terrified. FER'ED,t i [Chaucer.] FERDE,t pret. of Fare. Fared, [aiau- cei\] FERD EN,t pret. plur. of Fare. Fared. [Chaucer.] FERE,t n. [add.] A husband; a wife. [Spetiser, Chaucer.] FERE.t n. Fear: also, fire. [Chaucer.] FERE,t V. t. To fear; to terrify. [Chau- cer.] FERETORY, h. A bier or shrine made of gold or other metal, or of wood, vari- ously adorned, and usually in the shape of a ridged chest, with a roof-like top, for contain- ing the reliques 01 saints, and borne in processions. FEi;FOKTU',t U"h\ [Sax.] Far FEKFORTH LY,+ f forth. [Chaucer.] FER'LY.t a. [Sax.] Strange. [Chaucer. \ FER'MAClE.t n. [See Phabmact.] A medicine. [Chaucer.] FERME, |- n. [Sax. feorm.] A lodging- house ; a prison. [.SiU'/wcr.] FEKJlE.t n. [Sax.] A farm. [Oiaucer.] FERMEN TARIL'ITY, n. Capability of beins: fermented. FERMENT'AL, instead of FER'- MENTAL. PERM EKERE.t n. [L. iitfirmarius.] The officer in a religious house who had the care of tiie infirmary. [Chaucer^] FERNE,t adv. [Sax.] Before. [Chau- cer.] FERNERY, instead of FERNERY. FERN'-SEED, n. The seed or spores of fern, formerly supposed to possess won- derful virtues. FEROCIFY, V. t. To make ferocious. [Rare.] FERONIA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Aurantiaceoe. The species con- sist of trees and shrubs with impari- pinnate leaves, and racemose tiowers. F. elephantum is the elephant or wood apple of the Coromaudel coast, where it is very generally eaten. A transparent oily tiuid exudes from the trunk of this tree when an incision is made into it, which is used by painters for mixing their colours; it also yields a clear white gum, and the wood is valuable for its durability, whiteness, and hard- ness. FERO'NI.i, n. An extensive genus of beetles, of the family Carabidse, mostly of obscure colour. FERRE,t adv. comp. Further. [Chau- cer.] FEKREST.t adv. superl. Furthest. [Chaucer.] FER'RET, n. [add.] A kind of narrow tape, made of woollen, sometimes of cotton or silk. FERRET'TO, n. A substance used in colouring glass. [ FER RIC ACID, n. The acid of iron, t which corresponds to manganic acid. FERRIC OXIDE, n. Peroxide of iron; j a mineral which occurs abundantly in nature, as specular iron-ore, red hema- tite, brown hematite. FERRIF EROUS ROCKS, ». Rocks containing abundance of iron oi'e, com- prising clay iron-ore and iron pyrites. FER'UO-CYAN'OGEN, n. An as- sumed radical, the basis of ferro-cyanide of potassium, or prussiate of potash. It isbibasic, combining w*ith two equiva- lents of hydrogen or of metals. FEKRO'SO-FERRIC OXIDE, n. Black or magnetic oxide. It occurs in the mineral kingdom under the name of magnetic iron-ore, or native load- stone. FER ROTYPEjn. [L.ferrum, iron, and Gr. TOT«, type.] A name given to pho- FEUDAL SYSTEM FICTILENESS FlELD-MARSHAt tograpliic agents, prepared by washing paper with persalts of iron. FERRUGIN'EOUS, a. Ferruginous. \nar. us.] FER'RUKETTED €HYAZI€ ACID, n. The same as Ferro-Cyanic Acii>, — which see. FERS.f a. Fierce. [Chaucer.] FERS,t 72. [VeT.pherz.] The queen at chess. [Chaucer.] FERTILIZATION, n. [add.] The act or process of rendering fertile, fruitful, or productive. FEUV'EiNT, rt. [add.] Feverislily-hot ; ardently busy ; eager and active ; as, fervent toil. FES'€UE,t V t. To direct or teach with a fescue. FES'CUE, V. t To assist in reading by a fescue. FEST,t n. The fist, [amucer.] FES'TALLY, ado. Joyfully ; mirthfully. FESTE,t ". A feast. [Chaucer.] FES'TEfl, n. A small inHammatory tu- mour. FEST'EYING,t i?i)r. Feasting. [Chau- cer.] FESTLICH,t a. Used to feasts. [Chaucer.] FET, for Fetched. [Shoh.] FETA'TION, ) n. The formation of a FCETA'TION,) fetus. FETCH,t H. A vetch. [Chaucer.] FETCH, V. t [add.] To fetch headway or sternway, is said of a ship when it moves a-head or a-stern. — To fetch away, is said of any object in a ves- sel when it gets loose from its lash- ings. — To fetch upf to stop suddenly. [ Vuhjar.] FETCH, u. i [add.] Among seamen, to reach or attain ; as, to fetch to wind- ward. FETE,f Ji. A feat: an exploit; a work. [Chaucer.] FETE, n. [Fr.] A feast; a holiday; a festival-day. FETE-CHAMPETRE', n. (fat-sham- patr'.) [Fr.] A festival or entertainment in the open air. FE'TICH,H.(fe'tish.) An object selected temporarily for worship; as a tree, stone, &c. FET'iC'HISM, 7j. [add.] A stupid kind of idolatry, such as that of tlie African negroes, which consists in giving tem- porary worship to any material object which the fancy may happen to select ; as a tree, a stone, a post, an animal, &c. FE TISE.t a. [From Feat.] Well made; neat. [Chaucer.] FE'TISELY,t adv. Featly ; neatly; pro- perly. [Chaucer.] FET'LOCKED, a. Having a fetlock; tied by the fetlock. FETTE,t 2^p. of Fecche, or Fetch. Fetched; brought. [Chaucer.] FEU DAL SYSTEM, v. A form of government anciently subsisting in Europe, and which forms the basis of our modern forms and customs. Ac- cording to this system, persons holding in food, f.cf, or feitd^ were bound to serve the owner of the fee-simple at home or abroad, in all wars and mili- tary expeditions, when required. To this they bound themselves by an oath of fealty. The feudal system sprung up in the 5th century, when the Goths, Vandals, Franks, Huns, and Lombards overran Europe. Tliese nations made it a principle that all conquered lands should be divided among the chief offi- cers ; these, again, divided their shares among the officers of a second rank, who divided in like manner to a third rank, &c. These stipends of land were termed feods, fiefs, or feuds, and were held on the condition above-mentioned. FEU'DARY, n. A tenant who holds his lands by feudal service ; a feudatorv. FEU'DATORY, a. Holding from an- other on some conditional tenure. FEUD'BOTE,t n. A recompense for engaging in a feud or quarrel. FEU'-DUTY, n. In Scots law, the an- nual duty or rent paid by a feuar to his superior, according to the tenure of his right. FEUIL'LEA, 71. A genus of plants aUied to the nat. order Cucurbitacea?, but dif- fering Vjy having axillary tendrils. The species are natives of the tropical regions of America, and most of them are frutes- cent climbing herbs. The seeds are oily, and of a bitter taste ; their unc- tuous matter causes them to be used for burning, and their excessive bitter- ness renders them good anthelmintics ; they are also cathartic. F. trilohata and F. cordifolia are said to be power- ful antidotes against vegetable poisons, and the former is also used in South America to prevent the fatal effects of serpent bites. FEU'TRED,t pp. [Fr. feutrer. to stuff with felt or cow's-hair.] Stuffed with felt. FEU'TRED,t pp. [Old Fr. feutrer.] Blade ready. [Spenser.] FE'VER, V. i. To be seized with fever. FE'\ERB\jii}i,n.lnthe United States, tiie popular name of the Lanrus ben- zoin, an aromatic shrub with a flavour resembling benzoin. FE'VERISHLY, adv. In a feverish manner. FE'VERLY, r/. Like a fever. [Bare.] FEWER, arfu. Low; as, speak /ejfjer. [Shah.] FEY, a. Predestined ; on the verge of death; acting unaccountably; as persons in health and soon to die, are supposed to do in some last and extraordinary effort. [Scotch.] FEY,t n. Faith. [Chaucer.] FEYREjf n. A fail* or market, [Cliau- cer.] FEZ, n. [Per.] A red cap. FIA'€RE, n. [Fr.] A small four-wheeled carriage; a hackney-coach. FI'AT. [add.] In law, a decree ; a short order or warrant of some judge, for making out and allowing certain pro- cesses. — Fiat in bajihruptcy, the autho- rity of the lord-chanceUor to a com- missioner of bankrupts, authonzing liim to proceed in the bankruptcy of a trader mentioned therein. FI'AUIS'CE,t n. [Fr.] Affiance; trust. [Chaucer.] FI'AUNTjf n. A fiat; a commission or warrant. [Spenser.] FI'BRED, a. Having fibres. FIBRIN, or FI'BRINE, n. Fl'BRINE, a. Belonging to the fibres of plants. FIBRO-CAR'TILA^E, n. Membrani- fcirm cartilage; the substance inter- mediate between proper cartilage and ligament, which constitutes the base of the ear, tiie rings of the trachea, the epiglottis, &c. FIBROUS -COAL, «. A variety of glance-coal which occurs in the coal- fields of Great Britain. It is distin- guished by its fibrous concretions and silky lustre. E'lCK'LE, V. t. To puzzle ; to perplex ; to reduce to a nonplus. [Scotch.] FICTILENESS, h. The quality of being fictile. 165 FICTIL'IA, 77. plur. [L. fctilis.] A term applied to all ancient pottery, from domestic utensils to architectural ornaments. FIC'TOR, n. [add.] A term applied to any artist who works in wax, clay, or other plastic material, as contradistin- guished from one who works in bronze, marble, ivory, or other solid substance. FIDAL'GO, w. [Port.] In Portugal, a nobleman of the lower class, corre- sponding to the hidalgo of Spain. FIDD, 7t. Same as Fid, — which see. FID'DLE, 71. [add.] To iday second fddlc, to take an inferior part in any project or undertaking ; a colloquial expression, borrowed from a musical performer who plays the second or counter to the one who plays tbe^r*^ or the air. FID'DLE-BLOCKS, «. In ships, blocks having two sheaves, of different size, one above the other; also called long- lachle blocks. FIDDLE-FISH, n. The local name of the angel-fish {Squatina vulgaris), al- lied to the sharks, and not uncommon in the British seas. It is so called from its shape bearing considerable resem- blance to a fiddle. FID DLE-HEAD,??. The name given to an ornament at the bow of a ship, over the cut-water, when it consists of carved work in the form of a volute or scroll, bending inwards like the handle of a violin. When, in place of a volute orna- ment, theiigure of a human being or ani- mal is used, it is called a figure-head. FID'DLER, n. In the United States, the popular name of a small crab (Ge- lasimus) with one large claw, and a very small one. It lives on the salt- meadows, where it makes its buri'ows. FI DEI COMMIS'SUM, n. [L.] In Jioman law, a species of testamentary disposition, by which a testator charged his heir to deliver over to a specified person the whole or part of the goods wliich he inherited. FI'DE-JUS'SION, instead of FI'DE- JUSSION. FI'DE-JUS'SOR, instead of FI'DE- JUSSOR. FID'EL,t n. A fiddle. [Chaucer.] FIDGE, n. A restless, troublesome mo- tion. [Colloq.] FIDG'ET, 77. [add.] To he in a fidget, or in the fidgets, or to have the fidgets, is said of one who is restless, impatient, or who cannot sit long in a place [CoUoq.] — Fidgets, in patho., a general restlessness, with a desire of changing the position. FIDG'ETINESS, n. The quality of being fidgety. FIIXi'ETING, rt. Restless; impatient. [Colloq.] FIDU'CIARY, a. [add.' Intrusted with a charge or office; as, a fiduciary power. FIELD, n. [add.] Field of vision, in a telescope or microscope, the space or range within which olyects are visible to an eye looking through the instru- ment. It is also termed the field of view. FIELDS-DAY, n. A day when troops are drawn out for instruction in field e.xercises and evolutions. FIELD-EQUIPAGE, n. Military ap- paratus. FIELD-MARSHAL, n. [add.] A mCi- tary dignity conferred on such com- manders of armies as are distinguished by their high personal rank or superior talents ; as the King of Hanover, FILANDER FILTERING FINGERLING Prince Albert, and the Duke of Wel- lington. Field-marshals have no pay as such, bnt they retain their pay as full generals, and they may obtain the command of two regiments instead of one. FIELD'-MaRSHALSHIP, n. The office or dignity of :i fielJ-marshul. FIEST A HAET. [From fiend.] Deuce a thing ; deuce a bit. [Scotch.\ FIERCE-FLAMIKG, a. That burns out fiercely. His eyes jxcrct-Jlaming o'er the trophy roll. That wakes tLe sluDib'rillg veugeitnce of iis soul. tilt. Virsil. FIERILl, ado. In a hot or fiery man- ner. FIERY-FOOTED, a. Eager or swift in motion. [Shah.] FI. FA. In law proceedingSf the usual abbreviation of fieri facias. FIFE-MAJOR, 71. An officer who superintends the titers of a regiment. FIF'TEEN, 71. The number which con- sists of five and ten. FIFTEENTH, 71. [add.] An ancient tax laid on towns, boroughs, t&c, in England, being one-tifteenth part of what each town, &e., had been valued at ; or it was a fifteenth part of each man's personal estate. FIFTH'-MONAR€HY MBS,n. [add.] This sect sprung up in the time of Cromwell, and considered him as com- mencing the fifth great monarchy of the world, during which Christ should reign on earth 1000 years. FIFTY, 71. The number which consists of five times ten. FIG-EATER, n. A bird ; the smaller pettychaps. FIGHT, V. t. [add.] To cause to tight ; as, to.fiijht cocks ; to fioht one's ship. FIG'-PECKER, 71. [adii.] The becatico or pettychaps, a bird of the family Syl- viada?. FIG'-SHELL, 71. The name given to the various species of Pyrula, univalve shells having the shape of a tig or pear, and belonging to the family Muricidie. FIG'ULA'TED, a. Formed of eaith or elav. FIG'URAL numbers, 71. Same as figurate numbers. [See under Figur- ATE.] FIGURXNT', 71. mas. ) fFr.l [add.l FIGURANTE', 71. fem.f One who dances at the opera, not singly, but in groups or tigures. — 2. An accessory character on the stage, who.nV«'"«* in its scenes, but has nothing to say. Hence, applied to those who figure in any scene without taking a prominent part. FIGURE, 71. [add.] In phi/sical science, figure or form is the result of extension, and has no relation to the size or volume of bodies. — In mercantile phrase, figure is sometimes used to signify amount, price, value ; as, the goods were sold at a very high /sure.— In the arts, this term is applied to representations of the human body, and of the human \ body only. FIGURE, r. (. [add.] To make a draw- ing of ; as, to fiyure a plant, a shell, &c. FIG'URIST, 71. One who uses or inter- prets figures. \ FiKE, ^ V. i. To fidget; to be restless; FYKE,) to be constantly in a state of trivial motion ; to be at trouble about anything.— As a verb active, to give trouble ; to vex ; to perplex ; to do anything in a diligent but piddling way. [Scotch.] FILAN'DER, 11. The name of a kanga- roo found in some of the islands of the East Indian Arcliipelago (Halmaiurus asiaticus). FIL'ATURE, 71. [add.] The reeling of silk from cocoons. — Also, a reel for drawing oft' silk from cocoons. FILE, 71. [add.] A number. [Shak.] FILE.t 71. [h.filum.] Style of WTiting. [Spenser.] FILE, I'. 7. [add.] To go with an equal pace. [Shah.] FILE.t V. t. [Sax. Man.] To dirty ; to defile ; to pollute : to contaminate ; to disgi-ace or dearade. [SAaA.] FILED, pp. [add.] Polished.— i^i'fcd up, polished up, having received the last polish. [S/ia/i.] FIL'ED,t pp. Detiled ; fouled. [Spenser.] FILED, for Defiled. [Shah.] FiLE-FlSH, 71. A name given to cer- tain fishes, from their skins being gra- nulated like a file. They are interme- diate between the bony and cartilagi- nous fishes, and constitute the genus Balistes. The B. capriscus is the Eu- ropean tile-tish, a common inhabitant of the Mediterranean, and which occa- sionally is met with on our southern coasts. FILES, 71. Defiles; spoils. [Scotch.] FIL'IALLY, adv. In a filial manner. FILIA'TION, 71. [add.] The fixing of a bastai'd child on some one as its father ; affiliation. FI'LICES, 71. [add.] Professor Lmdley divides the order Filices into the follow- ing suborders, which he regards as of the rank and value of orders — viz., Poly- podiacea?, or true ferns ; Gleicheniaceie, Osmundaceie,DanteaceaB, Ophioglossa- ceie. FILIC IFORM, a. Fern-shaped. FILIGREE, 71. [See Filigram, the original word.] A kind of enrichment on gold or silver, wrouglit delicately in the manner of little threads or grains, or of both intermixed. FIL'IGREE, a. Relating to work in filigree. FIL'IGREED, a. Ornamented with filigree. Formerly spelled Fitiijraned. FILL, for Fell, pret. of Fall. [Chaucer.] FIL'LEK, 71. [add.J A vessel or utensil for conveying liquids into bottles, casks, &c, ; a funnel. — A thill-horse. [Local.] FIL'LET, 71. [add.] In carpenlri/, or joiner!/, any small timber scantling equal to or less than battens. Fillets are used for supporting the ends of boards, by nailing them to joists or quarters, &c. ; as in sounding-boarding, and in supporting the ends of shelves. FILLET-GUTTER, 11. A sloping gut- ter, with a layer-board and fillet there- on, to divert the water. FIL'LING, 71. [add.) In ship-building, a piece of wood fitted on to make up a defect, especially in the timber in the moulding-way. — Beam-fillings, short lengths of wood in timber-laden ships, to go in between the beams, so as to fill up the stowage between decks, and prevent the weight of the cargo from resting upon them. — Filling-in limbers are timbers sometimes introduced be- tween the frames, so as to make the framing solid. FIL'LISTER, 71. A kind of plane used for grooving timber, or for rebates. FILLS, 71. plur. Thills ; shafts. [Shah.] FILTERING, ppr. or a. (add.] Filter- ing-bag, a conical-shaped bag, made of close flannel, and kept open at the top by means of a hoop, to which it is at- tached. It is used in filtering wine, vinegai', &c. — Filtering-cup, a pneiuna- 16U tic apparatus used for the purpose of showing that, if the pressure of tlie at- mosphere be removed from an under surface, the pressure on the sui-face above has the eft'ect of forcing a fluid through the pores of such substances as it could not otherwise penetrate. — Fil- tering-funnel, a glass or other funnel made with slight flutes or channels down the lower parts of the sides. ■\Vhen used it is lined with filtering- paper, folded and loosely put in. The channels allow the liquid to ooze more freely than in a funnel of a smooth sur- face. — Filtering-machine, any contriv- ance by which liquids may be filtered. — Filtering-paper, any paper unsized, and sufficiently porous to allo>v liquids to pass through it. — Filtering-stone, any porous stone, such as oohte or sand- stone, through which water is fij- tered. FILTH, 71. [add.] A term of reproach to a vile person. [6/iaA.] • FIL'TKATE, >i. The liquid which has been passed through a filter. FIM BRIATED, i,p. [add.] Having the margin bordered by filiform appendages; a term applied to the thin, elevated, fin-like processes belonging to many of the Jlurices, and sometimes placed round the aperture of Cyclostomous land-shells. FIM'BRICATE, a. Fringed ; jagged. FIN, n. A native of Finland ; an an- cient inhabitant of a part of Scandi- navia. FIN, 71. [add.] Among moulders, a thin excrescence on the surface of a casting, caused by the imperfect approximation of two moulding-boxes, containing each a portion of the mould. The tin is formed by the metal running in be- tween the two parting surfaces. FIN,+ 71. [Fr.] End; conclusion. [CTiau- cer.] FI NAL-DECKEE, 71. In law, a con- clusive sentence of the com't, as distin- guished from interlocutor!/. FINAL'ITY,7i. The state of being final. FINAN'CIAN, 71. A financier. [Hare.] FINCH'-BACKED, a. Striped or spot- ted on the back, as cattle. FINCH ED, a. Having a white streak on the back, as an ox. FINCH'ES, 71. A numerous group of small birds, embracing not only some of the most beautiful, but also some of the most agreeable of the feathered songsters. They constitute the family Fringillidip, — which see. FIND, 1-. i. To be informed ; to dis- cover. FIND, V. i. [add.] Tu find one's self, to provide for one's self ; as, to find one's self in victuals and clothing. FINDER, 71. [add.] A searcher cm- ployed to discover goods imported or exported without paying custom. — In astron., a smaller telescope attached to a larger, for the purpose of finding an object more readily. FINE, 71. (^L. .^iita-.] Conclusion. [Shak., Chaucer.] FINE, r. t. To sentence; tobringtoan end. [Shah.] FINE,t !'. t. or 1. To cease. [CJiaucer] FIN'FOOT, 71. Species of tropical birds, allied to our grebes, so called from their feet being lobed (Heliornis). FINGER, 71. [add.] Agency.— To stir a finger, to use the smallest exertion. FINGERLING, 71. The local name of the young of the salmon, so called, per- haps, from the finger-like marks on its sides. FIRESIDE FISH-HOOK FITCH FINieAL'ITY, n. Something finical; finicalness. [flar. vs.] FIN'I€ALNESS, n. Quality of being finical ; foppery. FINISH, r. ;. To terminate ; to come to an end ; to expire. [Shak.] FIN'LANDER, n. A native of Finland. FIN'NER, ) n. Tlie name of a genus FIN'-BACK, ) of whales (Physalus), so called from their possessing a dorsal hump or fin. FIN'NER, «. A small whale. [Scntch.] FIN'NISH, a. Relating to the Fins or Finland. FI'NOS, n. [Sp.] The second-best wool from merino-sheep. FIN'SCALE, n. [add.] The local name of the rudd or red-eye, a fresh-water fish belonging to the genus Leuciscus (L. eri/throiilithalmns). FINT, for FiNDETH. [Chaucer.] FI'ONS, n. Scotch giants. FIORD', n. [Sw.] An inlet from the sea; a bay; a frith. FIRE, )•. i. [add.] To .fire aicai/, to be- gin ; to go on ; a slanrj expression, borrowed from the language of soldiers and sailors. FiRE, 11. t. [add.] To illuminate strongly; to make to shine lilie fire. [SAaft.] FIRE'-BARS, Iw.Thebarswhieh FUR'NACE-BARS, ) form the grated bottom of a furnace, on which the fuel FIRE'-BOOMS, n. Long booms, having a goose-neck to slip on to a bolt in a ship's wales, their ends being formed with open prongs, through whicli a rope is reeved, and carried round the vessel, to keep an enemy's boats from getting alongside during the night FIRE'-BRIDfiE, n. The partition at the inner end of the furnace of a steam- boiler, over which the products of com- bustion pass to the flues, and so cause the flame to impinge on the bottom of the boiler. FIRE'-EAT'ER, n. One who pretends to eat fire.— 2. A cant term for a figlit- ing character, or duellist. FIKE'-FLaIRE,ji. a fish ; a local name of the sting-ray (Trygon pasiinaca). FIRE'-FLAUGHT, n. A flash of light- ning. [Scotch.] FIRE'-GUARD, n. A framework of iron-wire, to be placed in front of a fireplace to protect against fire. FlRE'LESS, a. Destitute of fire. FIRE'-MAKER, r>. One who makes fires. FIRE-ON-THE-EYE, n. A particle of metal, stone, &c., projected upon the eye often in a red-hot state, in the pro- cess of chipping iron, hewing stone, &c. FIRE'-PAN, n. A pan for holding fire. — In a r/tm, the receptacle for the priming-powder. FIRE'-POLICY, 71. A transaction ef- fected at an insurance-olfice, whereby, in consideration of a single or periodi- cal payment of premium, the company engages to pay to the assured person such loss as may occur by fire to his property, described in the policy, within the period therein specified, to an amount not exceeding a particular sum, fixed for that purpose by such policy. FiRE'-PROOF BUILDING, n. A building in the construction of which no wood is employed. Many factories are now so constructed. FIRE'-S€REEN, n. A kind of movable screen placed before a fire to intercept the heat. FIRESIDE, a. Belonging to the fire- side, or domestic circle. FIRE'-STOP, n. A name given to the fire-bridge, on the erroneous supposi- tion that its only office is to prevent the stoker pushing the coals too far. FIRE'-SWAB, n. In ship.i, a bunch of rope-yarn, secured to the tompion, and immersed in water, to wet the gun, and clear away any particles of powder, c&c. FIRE'-TOWER, n. A sort of light- house. FIRING, n. [add.] The application of fire, or of cautery. FI'KING-MACHINE, n. In mech., an apparatus for feeding an engine-furnace ^vith coal. FIRK,t n. A stroke ; a lash. FIRM, V. i. [add.] In agric, to render firm ; to solidify. FIRM, V. i. To become firm or solid. FIR'MA, n. fhir. [L. firmiis.] An old law-term, signifying victuals, provi- sions, rent, &c. — Also, a tribute an- ciently paid towards the entertainment of tlie king of England for one night. In Scotland, it signified the fee or acknowledgment which a tenant paid to his lord. — Firma alba, rent paid in silver, and not in provisions. FIRM'ARY,t "• The right of a tenant to his lands and tenements. FIR'RINGS, instead of FIRRINGS. FIRST, a. [add. | The ordinal of one. FIRST, 11. In music, the upper part of a duet, trio, &;c. FIRST-BEGOT',t a. Same as First- Beootten. FIRST-FLOOR, n. The floor or story of a building next above the ground- floor ; called, in America, the second story. FIRST'-FRUITS,n. [add.] An incident to the old feudal tenures, being one year's profits of the land, after the death of a tenant, which belonged to the king. FIRST'-MOV'ER, n. In machinery,the prime-mover, the original propelling power, whether natural or artificial. FIR'-WOOD, V. The wood of the fir- tree. FIS'€AL LANDS, n. [Ytom 1.. fiscus, which among the Romans originally sig- nified the property which belonged to tlie emperor, as emperor.] Among the Franks, lands set apart to form a fund which might support the dignity of the king, and supply him with tlie means of rewarding merit and encouraging val- our. These, underthenameof Afneyics*, were granted to favoured subjects, upon the condition of the grantees rendering to the king personal service in the field. FISH, n. [add.] To have other fish to fry, a colloquial expression, denoting that a person has other occupations or other objects which require Iiis atten- tion. FISH, n. A counter used in various games. FISH, f. (. [add.] To fish out, to get out by cunning or artifice ; to elicit by stratagem. FISH'-BEAM, 11. In mech., a beam which bellies out usually on the under side. FISH, \n. In ships. [See FISH'-BLOCK, ] Fisii, sig. 1.] FISH'-DAVIT, n. In shi,>s, a spar, with a roller or sheave at its end, used for fishing the anchor. FISH'-DAY, n. A day on which fish is eaten. FISU'-GLIIE, 71. Isinglass, — which see. FISH'-HOOK, n. See Fi.sh-Tackle in this Supp. 1C7 FISH'INESS, n. The state of being fishy. FISH'ING, a. Used or employed in fishery, or by fishermen; as, fishing boat,. fishi/ig tackle, ,fis/ani/ village, &c FISH'ING-FLY, n. A bait used for catching fish. FISH'ING-LINE, n. A line used in catching fish. FISH'ING-ROD, n. A long slender rod or wand, to which the line is fastened, for angling. FISH-SKIN DISEASE, n. Ichthyosis; a horny condition of the skin. FISH-SLICE, n. A broad knife, com- monly of silver, for cutting up and serving out fish at talile. FISH'-TACKLE, n. A tackle used for raising the flukes of an anchor to the gunwale of a ship. To this tackle a pendant is attached, with a large u'on hook, called the fish-hook, fastened to its end. FIS'SEL, n. Bustle. [Scotch.] FISSENLESS, )«. Pithless; weak. FIZ'ZENLESS, f [Scotch.] FIS'SION, n. [L.fissio.] A breaking up into parts. FISSIP'ARISM, n. A mode of repro- duction in certain animals and vege- tables, which break spontaneously into several parts, each having a separate existence and gi-owth. FISSIPAROUS, n. [L. fissus, from findo, to cut, and pario, to produce.] Reproducing by spontaneous division; an epithet applied to certain animals and vegetables of the lower orders, in which the body of the parent sponta- neously divides into two or more parts, each part, when separated, becoming a distinct individual ; as in the monad, vorticella, &c. FISSIROS'TRAL, a. Belonging to the fissirostres. FISSIROS'TRES, instead of FISSI- RO'STRES. FISSU'RA, n. [L.] In anat,, a fissure; a groove; a fine crack in a bone. FIST'ie, a. Relating to, or done with the fist; pugilistic; as,.iistic exploits; .listic heroes. [Colloquial.] FIST'INUT, n. A pistachio-nut. FISTULA, n. [add.] Fistula in ano, fistula penetrating into the cellular substance about tiie anus, or into the rectum itself. — Fistula in periniro, fis- tula in the course of the perina^uni. FISTULA'RIA, n. Tobacco-pipefish; a genus of acanthopterygious fishes, Ftstuluria tabncarla. characterized by a long fistula or tube in the forepart of the cranium, at the extremity of which is the mouth. FIST'ULARY, a. Same as Fisthlab. FISTU'LIDANS, n. A tribe of echino- dermatous animals, having an elon- gated, cylindrical, tube-like body. FIST'ULOSE, a. Formed like a fistula; fistular. FIST'ULOUS, a. [add.] Hollow like a pipe or reed. FIT, n. [add.] The close and easy adap- tation of an article of dress to the body ; as, the coat has an excellent ./i/. FIT, n. A foot; a step. [Scotch.] FITCH, 71. [From fitchet.] In fiirriery, the skin of the polecat. It is soft and warm, but its ott'ensive odour depresses its value. FIXINGS FLAMELESS LAMP FLATTEN FITCir-BKUSHES, n. Brushes or hair-pencils made of the hair of the litch or polecat. They iire much es- teemed, are elastic and firm, can be brought to a fine point, and work freely. FiTE, a. White. [Scotch.] FlTTjf n. [See Fit.] A musical strain or air; a canto. He, silting me beside in tliat snme shade, Provok'd nie to ptaie some pleasuut//^; Audwlien hclie:udtlie musicke that he made, He fouud hiQiself lull greatly pleased at it. Spetisei; Colin Clout. FITTED, />/>. [add.] Subjected to fits. [Shah.] FIT'TEDNESS, 71. The state of being fitted. [Rare,] FITTEK, 71. [add.] One who conducts the sales between the owner of a coal- pit and a shipper of coals; a coal-fitter. — In inech., one who puts the parts of macliinery together, in contradistinc- tion to pattern-maker, founder, turner, &c. FITTING, ppr. [add.]— 2. a. Fit, or appropriate. FIT TINGEST,t a. supcrl. Most fit- ting. [Chaucer.] FITTINGNESS.f n. Suitableness. FIT TING-OUT, n. The furnishing of a ship with the complement of men re- quired for the purpose for which she is intended. — Also, to provide the re- quisite masts, sails, yards, ammunition, artillery, cordage, anchors, and other furnitiu-o, together with pro\'isions for the ship's company. FITTING- SHOP, n. In engineering estahlishments, the shop in wliioh ma- chinery is fitted up, in contradistinc- tion to turning-shop, foundry, smithy, &c. ; the shop in which the fitters work. FITTING-UP, n. An equipment; pre- paration; the act of furnishing with thinqrs suitable. FIT'-WEED, 11. A plant of the genus Eryngium, so called because considered as a powerful antihystcric. FITZ. [add.] \ surname given in Eng- land generally to the illegitimate sons of kings or princes of the blood. FIVE, n. The uumber wliich consists of four and one. FiVE'-FINGER,7t. A perennial plant; cinque -foil. FiVE'-FlNGERS, n. The name given by oyster-fishers to two species of star- fish, the Urasfer 7'ubeus, and Solaster papposa. FIVE'-FINGER-TIED. a. United by the whole hand. [Shnh. \ FlVES'-€OUKT, ?i. A place where the game of fives is played. FIX, n. A condition; predicament; dif- ficulty; dilemma. — To be in (7, ./?j*, to be in a difficulty or dilemma. [ Vulgar.] FIXE, for Fixed. [Chaucer.] FIXED ALKALIES, «, Potash and soda, in contradistinction to ammonia, which is termed volatile alkali. FIX'ED FACT, n. A positive or well- established fact. [American.] FIX'ING, 7z. In viill'Wrighi xcorh, a piece of cast iron adapted to carry pil- low-blocks and the like. AVhcn it is built into a wall it is called a wall fix- ing, or walUho.v ; when att;iched to a wall by bolts it is a plate -fixing. There are also beam-fixingsy as when wliecls are intended to work at the position where the fixing is situated; and when the fixing is adapted to them, it is then commonl. oalled a ioh€cl-ii.ving. FIXINGS^ su piur. Arrangements; embellishments ; trimmings ; garnish- ings of any kind, [American.] FIX'TUKE, n. [add.] In law, this term is frequently used to signify articles of a personal nature, which have been atfixed to land, whether removable or not, and sometimes it is used expressly to denote articles which are not bylaw removable when once attached to the freehold; but the term fixtures, in its correct legal sense, signifies such tilings of a personal nature as have been an- nexed to the realty, and which may be afterwards severed or removed by the party who annexed them, or his per- sonal representatives, against the will of the owner of the freehold. In or- der to constitute a fixture, it is neces- sary that the article should be let into, or united with the land, or to other substances previously connected there- with. Tims, a barn, built on a frame not let into the r:irtii, is not a fixture, but a brewer's stills, set in brickwork, resting on a foundation, are fixtures. FLABBILY, arlv. In a fiabby manner. FLABEL'LATE, a. Having the form of a fan. FLAG, 71. [add.] In the nauy, flags borne on the masts of vessels not only designate the country to which they belong, but they are made to denote the quality of the officer by whom a ship is commanded, ^'he supreme flag of Great Britain is the royal standard, which is only to be hoisted when the king (queen) or one of the royal family is on board the vessel; the second Hag is that of the anchor on a I'ed ground, which characterizes the lord high-ad- miral, or lords-commissioners of the admiralty; and the third is the union Hag, in which the crosses of St. George, St. Andrew, and St. Patrick are blend- ed. Tills ilag is appropriated to the admiral of the fleet. [.See Admiral.] There are also small flags used in the navy for signals or telegraphs, FLAG, V. t [add.] To make feeble ; to enervate. FLAGEL'LA, it. plur. [L.] An old botanical term for the twigs or young shoots of a plant. [See Flagellom.] FLAG'EOLET, h. See Flagelet. FLAG'-FEATHER, n. A feather of a bird's wing next to the body. FLAG'-STONE, n. [add.] A variety of sandstone in which the laminated struc- tui'e prevails. The same name is given to other laminated rocks, as certain limestones, and some argillaceous beds of the Silurian system. Flag-stones are much used for paving. FLA'IE,! p7-et. of Flee. Flew. [Chau- cer.] FLAIL, 71. [add.] An ancient military weapon resembling the common flail, but having the striking part armed with rows of spikes. [See ^Iokning-St.vr.] FLA'INE.t pp. of Flaie or Fla>/. Flayed. [ Chancer.] FLAKE-WHITE, n. [add.] A white pigment extensively used in oil paint- ing. It is prepared from the carbonate of the oxide of lead. In commerce it appears in the form of flakes or scales. FLa'IvINESS, n. The state of being flakv. FLAMBE,t H. [Fr.] Aflame; a flam- beau. [Chaucer.] rLAM'D,! pp. Inflamed. [Spenser.] FLAME,/), [add.] One beloved; as, she was my first ilame. [Colloquial.] FLAMELESS LA!MP,«. A lamp which gives light without flame. Thus, when a jet of the gaseous hydrocarbons is 168 allowed to escape into the air, and a red-hot coil of platinum wire is intro- duced into it, the wire will be main- tained at a red heat, and the gas will be consumed invisibly. FLAMIN'EOUS, a. Same as Flamini- CAT. FLXM'ING, jvn: Basting. [Scotch.] FLANCH ING, \ppr. In ship. FLANCHING OUT,) building, has the same signification as liaring out or bellying out. FL.\N6E, n. [add.] Port-flange, in ship- buildi/ig, a piece of timber fastened over a port, to prevent water or dirt from entering the poi-t when it is open. FLANIv'ARDS, 71. plur. Among sporis- 771671, the knobs or nuts in the tlanks of a deer. FLANK'ERS, n. See Flanqveuhs. FLANKS, n. A wrench or any other injury in the back of a horse. FLAN'NING,;*. The splayingof adoor or window-jamb internally. [Local.] FLAP, 7J. [add.] That part of a coat be- hind, from the hips downwards. FLAP'PER-SK ATE. n. The local name given to the liaia i7itermedia, a species of skate which is common in the Frith of Furth. FLARING, pi>r. [add.] Flaring, flnriny offi ovjla7-ing out, in ship-building, the opposite of tu7nbli7ig home, or falVmg home. [See the Verb, and Flanchinq in this Supp.] FLAR'INGLY, adv. Flatteringly ; sliottnly. FL.A.SII, n. [add.] A preparation used for colom'ing brandy and rum, and giving them a fictitious strength. — A sluice or lock on a navigable river. It is also written Flashe. [See Flashes.] — Cant language, such as is used by thieves, gipsies, &c. FLASH, a. Vile; low; vulgar.— F/asA lpr. Shining fit- fully, as light; dickering. \Scotch.'\ FLAUNES, n. Pancakes. [Scotch.] FLAUN'TER, n. One who flaunts. FLAW, n. [add.] Flaws, fragments. [Shah.] FLAW, n. A gust ; a blast. [Scofch.] FLAWE.t a. [L. jlayus.] Yellow. [Chaucer.] FLAX'-DKESSING. n. The process of breaking and swingling flax. FLAX'EN-HAIRED, a. Having hair of flaxen colour. FLAX'-WENCH, n. A female who spins flax; a prostitute. [Shah.] FLEA'-BEETLES, n. The name given to different species of beetles of the family Halticidse, which are destructive to plants. They are so called from their leaping powers, being provided, like fleas, with thickened hind-legs. FLEAK, n. [add.] A small lock, thread, or twist ; a grate or hurdle ; a flake. [Local.] FLEAK'ING, n. A gauze-like covering of reeds, over which the main covering is laid, in thatching houses. [Local.] FLECHE, n. (flesh.) [add.] In /or/., a simple redan usually constructed at the foot of a glacis. FLECK'ED CATTLE, n. Cattle that are spotted, or have white stripes. FLEE,t V. t. To shun ; to run from ; to escape. FLEECE'-WOOL, n. Wool that is shorn from the sheep. FLEECH, V. t To flatter ; to wheedle. [Scotch.] FLEEN.t n. plur. [Sax.] Fleas. [Chau- cer.] FLEES, n. Flies. [Scotch.] FLEET,! "■ *'• To float. [Spenser.] FLEET, V. t. [add.] Among seamen, to slack off a tackle and draw the blocks apart for another pull, after they have been hauled close together. — Also, to shift the position of a block, faU, &c., so as to haul to more advantage. FLEET'-FOOTED, a. Swift of foot ; running fast. FLEET' PRISON, «. A metropolitan prison, now abolisheil; so called from its being situated by the side of the river Fleet, now covered over. To this prison persons were committed by the ecclesiastical courts, courts of equity, exchequer, and common- pleas. FLEET'-WINGED, a. Swift on the wing. fl1ame>-p«-««- FLEGMATICK. See Phlegmatic. FLEME,tu.<. [Sax.Jlyman.] To banish. FLEM'ER,t n. A banisher. [Chaucer.] FLEM'ET, * jjp. Banished; expelled. FLAM'IT, 5 [Scotch.] FLEM'ING,t p2i. Banishing. (Quod Paiidarus) ye nice woll ye liere Dulcanion is c&lltdfeming of wretches; It seemetli herd, for wretches wol nought lere. Ckaucrr. Canterbury Tales. FLEM'ISH, a. [add.] Flemish eye. [See under Eye in this Supp.] FLEMaT,;>p. Frightened. [Scotch.] FLESH, n. [add.] Tenderness; human feeling. There la no fiesk in niau'a obdurate heart. Cowper. Ezek. xxxvi. i;6. FLESH'LY-MINDED, a. Addicted to sensual pleasures. FLESII'-TINTS, n. In painting, the colours which best represent the human body. I. — Supp. FLETE,t V. i. [Sax.] To float ; to swim. [Chaucer.] FLETE, for Fleteth. [Chaucer.] FLET'ING,t/>pr. Floating. [Chaucer.] FLEXIBIL'ITY, n. [add.] Capacity of being ruoulded into difl'erent forms or styles ; as, the jiexibility of a language. — In physics, that property of bodies by wiiich they yield transversely, on the application of some power or force. Fibres of wool, hemp, silk, hair, and the like, are flexible, and so are rods of wood, metal, &;c. FLEX'UOSE, instead of FLEXUO'SE. FLEX'URE, n. [add.] Flexure of co- lumns, the bending of columns by the superincumbent weight. The flexure of a column of uniform dimensions is generally greatest in the middle. FLIBUSTIER', n. [Fr.] An American pirate ; a buccanier. FLICH'TERING, ppr. or a. Fluttering. [Scotch.] FLIGHT, n. An arrow. [Scotch.] FLiGHT'ED, «. Taking flight; flying. FLiGHT'ILY, adv. In a wUd or ima- ginative manner. FUNG, V. i. To kick ; to throw out the legs like a horse; to dance. [Scotch.] FLING, V. i. [add.] To rush away angrily ; as, he got into a rage and jiung away out of the house. FLINT'INESS, n. The quaUty of being flinty; hardness; cruelty. FLINTS-STONE, n. A silicious stone ; flint. FLIP'-FLAP, n. The repeated noise or stroke of something flat and loose. FLIP'-FLAP, a. Noting the repeated stroke or noise of something broad and loose. FLIP-FLAP, adv. With the repeated stroke and noise of something broad and loose. FLIRT'OILL, n. A flirting woman ; a harlot. [Shak.] FLIRT'IGIG, n. A wanton, or wild flirting girl. FLIRT'INGLY, adv. In a fluting man- ner. FLISK'ING, ppr. Whisking up and down. [Scotch.] FLISK-MA-HOYS, n. JUl-flirts; giddy fly-flap girls. [Scotch.] FLlTjf V. t. [Sax.] To remove. [Chau- cer.] F L I T ' T E R I N G,t ppr. Floating. [Chaucer^ FLIT'TING, n. [add.] A removal from one habitation to another. [^Scotch.] FLOAT, n. [add.] Anything that floats on the surface of a fluid ; as the small piece of ivory on the surface of the mercury in the basin of a barometer ; the water-gauge of a steam-engine. — In plasterimj, a long rule with a straight edge, by which the work is reduced to a plane surface.— The float-board of a water-wheel. FLOAT, V, t. [add.] In plastering, to pass over and level the sm'face of the plaster on a wall with a fiuat, fre- ijuently dipped in water. FLOATA TION, n. See Flotation in this Supp. FLuAT'ING, n. [add.] In husbandry, the watering or overflowing of meadow- lands. FLOAT'lNG-ANeHOR, n. See An- chor. FLOAT'ING-BODIES, n. [add.] Bo- dies which float or swim on the surfaces of fluids, having the under part im- mersed in the fluid, and the upper part rising above its surface. In all cases when a body floats on the surface of a 169 fluid, it displaces a quantity of the fluid, the weight of which is equal to the weight of the body, and the force with which the body presses downwards and is pressed upwards by the fluid, is equal to the weight of the same body. The consideration of the conditions of the equilibrium and stability of floating- bodies forms a most important inquiry, as it leads to results of the greatest importance in the building, lading, and ballasting of vessels. FL0AT'ING~BRID6E, n. [add.] A large steam ferry-boat. FLOATTNG-€L0UGH,n. A movable machine for scouring out channels or inlets. FLOAT'ING - COLLIMA'TOR, or FL0AT'ING-INTERSE€TOR, n. An instrument intended to supply the place of a level or plumb-line in mak- ing astronomical observations on board ships. It consists of a rectangular box containing mercury, on which a mass of cast-iron is floated, and furnished with a small telescope having cross- wires. FLOAT'INGLY, arfy. By floating. FLO€€0SE'LY, adv. In a flocky or floccose manner. FLOeXUS, n. [L.] In zool., the long tuft of flaccid hair which terminates the tail of the mammalia; a woolly tila- ment. FLOCK'-BED, n. A bed filled with flocks or locks of wool, or pieces of cloth cut up fine. FLOCK'MEL,t adv. [Sax.] In a flock; in flocks or herds. [Chaucer.} FLOCie-PAPER, n. A kind of wall- paper, having raised figures resembling cloth, made of flock, or of cloth cut up very tine, and attached to the paper by size or varnish. FLOG'GER, n. One who flogs. FLoNE,fn.plur. of Flo. [Sax.] Arrows. [Chaucer.] FLOOD'ER, n. One who floods or ir- rigates. FLOOIv'Y, a. Furnished with flooks or flukes. FLOOR, 7?. [add.] To get the Jloor, in the American congress, an expression used to signify, to obtain an oppor- tunity of taking part in a debate; equi- valent to the English phrase, to be in possession of the hou.te. FLOOR, V. t. [add.] To strike down or lay level with the floor; as, to floor an antagonist. — Figuratively, to put to silence by some decisive argument, re- tort, (&c. [Colloquial.] FL0OR'-€LOTH, n. [add.] A useful substitute for a carpet, made partly of hemp and partly of flax, and saturated with a wash of melted size, and various coats of oil-paint, and ornamented with a great variety of patterns. FLOOR'ED, pp. [add.] Struck down; vanquished. FLOOR'ING, ppr. [add.] Striking down ; vanquishing. FLOOR'-GUIDE, n. In ship-building, a narrow flexible piece of timber placed between the floor -riband and the FLOOR'-HEADS, n. The upper ex- tremities of the floor-timbers of a vessel. FLOOR'-PLANS, n. In ship-building, half-breadth plans or longitudinal sec- tions representing the water and the riband lines. FLOOR'-RIBAND, v. In ship-build- ing, a riband which runs round a little below the floor-heads, for the FLOTTE FLUO-CHROMIC ACID FLYING-BRIDGE purpose of supporting the floors. [See RiBANB.] FLO'RA, n. One of the small planets or asteroids, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered by Mr. Hind, 18th October, 1847. It revolves round the sun in 1193-25 solar days, and is about 23th times the distance of tlie earth from the siui. FLORE,f H. [Sax.] Floor; an area or ground-plot. — On thefloie, ou the spot. [Speitser.] FLO'RENTINE-FRESeO, n. A kind of painting, first practised at Florence during the Hourishing period of Italian art, for decorating walls. FLO'RENTINE-LAKE, n. A pigment prepared from cochineal. It is now disused. FLORENTINE -MOSAIC, n. A term applied to the act of inlaying tables and otlier plane surfaces with pielra- dura, carried on principally at Florence. FLO'RES,7i.p/«r. [From h.JJos,floris, a flower.] Flowers, a term formerly used in chemistry to denote such bodies as assume a pulverulent form by subli- mation or crystallization ; as,flores sul- phuris, flowers of sulphur. FLO'RIAGE, n. [Old Fr. Jleurage.] Bloom ; blossom. FLORIATED, a. Having florid orna- ments ; as, the floriated capitals of eai-ly Gothic pillars. FLORICULTURE,!!. [I., flos, fl^ris, a flower, and cultura, cultivation.] The culture or cultivation of flowers or flowering plants. FLOR'IKEN, n. The name given to a tine species of bustard (Otis aurita), much prized by sportsmen. FLO'RY, a. Vain. [Scotch.] FLOS, n. [L.] A flower. [See Floees.] FLOS€UL0SE, u. Same as Floscu- LAR. FLOSS, n. [L. flos.] [add.] A fluid gloss floating upon iron in a puddling- furuace, produced by tlie vitrification of oxides and earths.— Also, entwisted filaments of the finest silk, used in em- broidering on satin, &c. FLOTA'TION, ) n. [add.] The doc- FLOATA'TION,! trine of floating- bodies.— P/ane of flotation. When a body floats in a fluid, the plane in which the horizontal surface of the fluid in- tersects the body is called the plane of flotation, or the portion of the surface of the fluid which we may imagine to be within a floating-body, may be con- sidered the Tilane of flotation.— Stable flotation, a term applied to that posi- tion of a floating-body in which it is not capable of being upset by the exer- tion of a small force, but, when slightly disturbed, invariably retmns to its for- mer position. When the metaeentre is directly above the centre of gravity of a floating-body, the flotation is stable ; when the metaeentre is below the centre of gravity, tlie flotation is un- stable; and when the metaeentre and centre of gravity coincide, the flotation or equilibrium is indifferent. FLOT'ERY,t Ppr. Floating. [C7iu«- cer.] FLOT'SAM, In. [add.] Such a por- FLOATSAM, / tion of the wreck of a ship and the cargo as continues float- ing on the surface of the water. \See Jetsam.] Flotsam belongs to the king or his grantee, if no owner appears to claim lyithin a year after it is taken possession of by the parties otherwise entitled. FLOTTE.t V. i. To flow. [Chaucer.] FLOTTE.t V. i. To float. [Chaucer.] FLOUNCE, n. [add.] A sudden jerking motion of the body. FLOUNDER, n. [add.] The common flounder is the Pleuronectes flesus, Linn., and is an inhabitant of the Northern, Baltic, and Mediterranean seas ; the Argus-flounder is the P. ar- gus, a native of the American seas. [See Pleuro.\ectid.e.] FLOU'RETS,+ «.f);. Flowerets. [Spen- ser.] FLOU'RETTE,+ n. [Fr.] A floweret, or small flower. [Chaucer.] FLOUR-OF-MUSTARD, n. The seeds of mustard, dried, powdered, and sifted FLO WAGE, n. Act of flowing; state of being flowed. FLOW'ER-HEAD, n. In hot., the ca- pitulum, or that mode of inflorescence in which all the flowers are sessile upon a receptacle; as in the daisy. FLOW'ER-LEAF, n. The leaf of a flower. FLOW'ERLESSNESS, n. State or quality of being without flowers. FLOW'ER-MaKER, n. A maker of artificial flowers. FLOW'ER-FOT, n. A pot in which flowering plants or shrubs are grown. FLOW'ER-WORK, n. The imitation of flowers. FLOW'-MOSS. See Flow-Bog. FLOYT,t «. A flute. FLOYT'ING.t ppr. Playing on the flute. [Chaucer.] FLUCTUA'TION, n. [add.] In med., the perceptible motion communicated to pus or other fluids by pressure or percussion.— 5«i)e):^C!a; fluctuation, a mode of detecting efl'usion of fluid within the abdomen. It consists in placing both hands on the abdir.nen, two or three inches apart, and with the two forefingers parallel, and then slightly striking the abdomen with the forefinger of the right hand : this pro- duces an undulation of the fluid, which is readily felt by the forefinger of the left hand. FLUFF, n. A flash. [Scotch.] FLUFFED V THE PAN. Burned priming, %vithout firing the barrel of the gun or pistol. [Scotch.] FLUFF'-GlBS, n. Squibs. [5co?cA.] FLU'ID, !!. [add.] Fluid of Cotumiius, a thin gelatinous fluid found in the bony cavity of the labyrinth of the ear, so called from the name of the anatomist who first distinctly described it. FLU'IDIZE, V. t. To convert into a fluid. FLUING,;>i)r. Expanding or splaying; as the jambs of a window. FLpKE'-WORM, n. [add.] The Fa- sciola, or Distoma hepatica, a species of entozoa which infests the ducts of the liver of various animals, especially those of the sheep. FLU'KY, a. Formed like, or having a fluke. FLUME'-BRIDGE,) n. SameasFiRE- FLUME'-STOP, i Bridge. FLUNK'Y, n. A servant in livery. [5co(cA.]— A term of contempt for one who is mean and base-spirited. — In the United States, a term among s(oc/j- brohers, for a person who, unacquainted with the manner in which stocks are bought and sold, and deceived by ap- pearances, makes bad investments, or loses his money. FLUNIv'YISM, n. The character or quality of a flunky. FLU'O-CRROM'ie ACID, n. A gase- ous compound formed by distilling a iru mixture of fluor-spar and chroraate of lead in fuming, or in common sulphm-ic acid. FLU'OR AL'BUS, n. In med., a disease of females; whites or leucorrhcea. FLU'OROUS, a. Obtained from, or containing fluor. FLUO-TANTAL'ie ACID, n. An acid obtained by treating tantalum with fluoric acid. FLU'O-TITANie ACID, n. An acid consisting of a compound of the titanic and fluoric acids. FLUSH, t>. (. [h.fluo,io&ov!.] To elute or cleanse out, by a stream of water mechanically applied, an obstructed sewer, a silted wet-dock, or the like place, liable to be encumbered with deposited matter.— 2. To cleanse the surface of an edifice, or narrow lane, or passage, by pumping water upon it. FLUSU'ED, pp. Cleansed by flushing or pumping. FLUSH'ING, ppr., n., or a. Cleansing by forcibly washing out, or pumping upon ; act of cleansing in this manner. FLUSTERA'TION, n. Heat; hurry; confusion. [Vulgar.] FLUS'TRA, n. [add.] Agenus of coral- lines found at the bottom of the sea, on certain coasts, on hard ground, in a few fathoms' water. They are famUiarly termed sea-mats, or white sea-weeds. FLUTE, !!. [add.] A channel in the piuslin of a lady's ruflje, similar to that in a column or pillar. FLUTE'-PLAYER, n. One who plays on the flute. FLUT'ING, n. [add.] A channel m the muslin of a lady's ruflie. FLUT TER, V. i. [add.] To beat with u-regular and tumultuous pulsations; as, the hea.rt flutters. FLUTTER, t.. t. [add.] To agitate; to vibrate ; as, the bu-d flutters his pen- nons, or pinions. FLU'T'Y, a. Soft and clear in tone, like a flute. FLU'VIAL, a. Relating to rivers. FLUX'ION, 71. [add.] In med., another name for catarrh. FLY, V. i. [add.] Tofl;/ about. Among seamen, the wind is said to flj/ about, when it changes frequently dui-iug a short space of time. FLY, n. [add.] A light carriage formed for rapid motion. — In printing, one who takes the sheets from the press in cases demanding expedition Fly of the mariner''s compass, the compass-card. FLY'-BLOWN, pp. or a. Tainted with maggots. FLY'-BOAT, «. A large flat-bottomed Dutch vessel with a high stem ; such boats are chiefly employed in the coast- ing trade, and have often a burden of 800 tons. Captaiu George Weymouth made avovage of discovery to tiie nortli-west with two"_^i«- boats, 8et forth by the Mu*covie coiiipaiiy. i'tirclitts, Pitgrimuge. FLt'ER, n. [add.] Flyers or fliers, that part of a spinning machine or wheel which with a rapid motion spins the thread. FLYING, ppr. or a. [add.] Flying at the brook, hawking at water-fowl. [Shak.] FLYING-ARTILLERY, n. ArtiUery trained to very rapid evolutions. In passing from one part of the field to another, the men spring on to the guns, which are draw^n by horses at full gal- lop. FLY ING-BRIDGE, n. [add.] A means used by armies fur crossing rivers in FOLE-LAKGE FOOT-CLOTH FORCEPS rapid movements. It is sometimes a bridge supported by pontoons or light boats ; but it consists usually of a boat or other vessel, which, being attached by a rope to a buoy moored in the middle of a river, up the stream, is made, by the action of the current, to move across in the arc of a circle, of which the buoy is the centre. FLt'ING-CAMP, 71. A camp or body of troop3 formed for rapid motion from one place to another. FLY'ING-DUTCH'MAN, n. A fabled phantom ship supposed to be en- countered, by superstitious mariners, in storms off the Cape of Good Hope. The legend took its rise in the loss of a Dutch vessel in the South African seas, with all her crew. FLriNG-FISH, n. [add.] [See Exo- CCETVS.]— Flying-gurnard, a tish, the Trig/a volitans of Linn. FLY'ING-JIB, 71. In ships, a sail ex- tended outside of the standing jJb, upon a boom called the Joying jib-boom. [See Jib.] FLY'ING-SQUIR'REL,n. ^^cPtero- MYS. FLt'-LEAF, n. A leaf inserted sepa- rately in a book ; a blank leaf at the beginning or end of a book. FLY'-OllCHIS, n. A plant of the genus Ophrys, the O. muscifera, so named from the resemblance of the Howers to flies. FLY'-RAIL, V. That part of a table which turns out to support the leaf. FLt'-SPECK, n. A name given to the excrementitious stains of insects, chiefly of the common fly. FLYTE, V. i. See Elite. FL'f'-TRAP, 71. [add.] A trap to catch or kill flies. FLY'-WATER, n. A solution of arsenic, or decoction of quassia-bark, for kill- ing flies. FOAL'-TEETH, n. The first teeth of horses, which they shed at a certain age. FOAM, V. t. [add.] To make frothy; to cause to foam ; to fill with something that foams ; as, to foam the goblet. [Pope.] FOB, n. A bob; a tap on the shoulder, as from a bailiff. [Shak.] FO'CA(jE,+ n. [L. focus, a fire, or fire- hearth.] Housebote or firebote. FCENERA'TION, n. Sec Feneration. F(ET'IC1DE, n. [L. fcrtus, and C(sdo, to kill.] In TJicdical jurisprudence, the destruction of the fcetus in the womb, or the act by which criminal abortion is produced. F(E'T0R, 71. [h. fceteo, to stink.] A strong oftensive odour. FOG, V. (. To overcast; to darken. — In agriculture, to feed off the fog or pas- ture in winter, as cattle. FOGjf V. i. To have power; to prac- tise. FO'GEY, ) n. A stupid fellow; as, an FO'GY, j (AAfogy. ILocaL] FOIL, 77. [add.] The track or trail of game when pursued. FOIST, V. t. [add.] To thrust in imper- tinently. FOLC-LAND, n. See Folkland. FOLD, V. t. [add.] To wrap in obscurity; to make intricate or perplexed, as words. [Shak.] FOLD'- YARD, n. A yard for folding or feeding cattle or sheep. FOL'ED,t pp. Foaled. [Chaucer.] FOLEHXRD'INESS,t n. Foolhardi- ness; rashness. [Chaucer.] FOLE'-LAllGE,! ff. Foolishly liberal. [Chaucer.] FO'LIATED €OAL,n. A subspecies of black coal, occurring in the coal-forma- tions, and distinguished by its lamellar concretions, splendent lustre, and easy frangibility. FOL'ILY',t adv. Foolishly. [Chaucer.] Fo'LIO, or FOL'IO, n. In latv, a cer- tain number of words, in conveyances, &c., amounting to seventy-two, and in chancery proceedings, to ninety. — Also, the figure set at the top of a page. FO'LIO,) a. Denoting the size of a FOL'IO, ) book, &c., having the sheet doubled into two leaves. FOLrOLUM, n. [L.] In 6of., a leaflet borne on the axis of a leaf; a foliole. FOLK'-FREE-AND-SA€'LESS,a. A term applied to one who is a lawful freeman. [Sir W. Scott.] FOLK'LAND, n. [add.] Folklands were copyhold-lands, the property of the common people. Folkland might be occupied in common, or possessed in severalty; it was held under the rents and services accustomed or agreed, at the will only of the lord. FOLK'-LORE,t n. Rural superstitions. FOL'LICLE, n. [add.] In auat, a very minute secreting cavity; as, the seba- ceous follicles, the mucous follicles. FOL'LIES, 71. Foolish fashions in dress. [Scotch.] FOL'LOWED, pp. [add.] Driven; as, I ha\e followed him to this state. [Shak.] FOL'WE,tr.^ To follow. [Chaucer.] FO'LY,t a. Foolish. [Chaucer.] FO'IVIALHAUT, n. A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Piscis Australis, or Southern Fish. It is much used in astronomical measurements. — In the Diet, this star is erroneously stated to be in the constellation Aqua- rius. FOND,tf.i. [add.] To search; to try; to seek. [S2)e?iser.] VO'SJ),i pret.oi Fi7id. Found. [Chau- cer.] FONDE,t V. t or i. [Sax. fundian.] To try; to seek ; to endeavour. [Chau- cer.] FOND ENCHEA'SON,t n. [5ee En- CHEASON.] FooUsh occasiott. [Spen- .•ier. ) FON'DUS, 7i. (fon'du.) [Fr.] A term applied to that kind of painting of ca- lico, paper-hangings, &c., in which the colours are blended into each other. FONEjf 71. plur. [Sax.] Foes. [Spen- ser.] FONG,t V. t [Sax.] To take. [Chau- cer.] FONNE,t w. [Sax.] A fool. [Chaucer.] FONNE,tu.i. To be foolish. [Chaucer.] FOO, n. In China, a city of the first class. FOOD, for Feud. [SpeJiser.] FOOL-HARD'IHOOD, n. Fool-hardi- ness. FOOL'ING, jjjtr. or a. [add.] Acting like a fool. FOOL'S'-ERRAND, n. The pursuit of what cannot be found. FOOT,??, [add.] In mecA., the lower end of an upright or vertical shaft, and which works in a foot-step, or foot- bearing. FOOT-BARRACKS, «. Barracks for infantry. FOOT-BEARING, «. In mech. [See Foot and Foot-Step in this S'lpp.] FOOT -BOARD, n. A support for the foot ; a board at the foot of a bed. FOOT'-CLOTH, «. [add.] A horse with housings which readied to his feet. [Shak.] 171 FOOT'-FALL, n. [add.] A footstep; tread of the foot. FOOT'ING, 71. [add.] A plain cotton lace, without figures. FOOT'ING-BEAM, n. In arch., the tie-beam of a roof. FOOT'-MUFF, n. A receptacle for the feet, lined with fur, &c., for keeping them warm in winter. FOOT'-PAS'SEN^ER, n. One who passes on foot, as alongst a bridge, &c. ; one who travels on foot. FOOT'-PAVEMENT, n. A paved way for passengers on foot; a foot- way. FOOT^-PRINTS,n. [add.] In f/eo/., im- pressions of the feet of extinct reptiles, birds, &c., on the surface of sandstone, such impressions having been made at the time this stone was in a state of loose sand. FOOT'-RaCE, n. A race performed on foot. FOOT'-RITLE,?i. A rule or measure of twelve inches long. FOOT'STEP, 71. [add.] In 7nech., the pillow in which the foot of an upright or vertical shaft works. FOOT-WARMER, n. A box contain- ing a tin vessel, to be filled with hot water, to warm the feet. FOOT'WAY, n. A path for passengers on foot. FOP'PERY, 77. [add.] A gew-gaw; a vain ornament. [Stvift.] FOR, prep, [add.] To be; as, nature in- tended him for an usurer. — For the 7wnce, or for the nones, for the occasion. FOR'A6E, V. t [add.j To supply with forage or fodder ; as, to fo7-age steeds. [Pope.] „ FORASMUCH', conj. In consideration of; because that. FORBEAR'ANT, a. Forbearing; in- dulgent; long-suft'ering. [Rar. us.] FORBEAR'ANTLY, adv. In a forbear- ing manner. [Rar. us.] FORBEARE',t v. t. To bear with diffi- culty. [Spenser.] FORBEARINGLY, adv. In a forbear- ing, patient manner. FORBEARS', 7i. Forefathers; ances- tors. [Scotch.] FORBIDDEN-FRUIT, n. The fruit of the tree of knowledge, prohibited to Adam and Eve in Paradise. — -'. In hot., the fruit of the Citrus decuinana, or shaddock, when of small size. FORB0D'EN,t pp. of Forbid. For- bidden. [Chaucer.] FORBRAKE',t i^ret. oiForbreak. Bro- keji off. [Chaucer.] FORBRUS'ED,t pp. Sorely bruised. [Chaucer.] FORBYE', prep, or adv. Past; beyond; besides ; over and above. [Scotch.] FORCE, n. [add.] Consequence; ira- pavismce.— External forces, those forces which act upon masses of matter at sensible distances, as gravitation . — Internal forces, those forces which act only on the constituent particles of matter, and at insensible distances, as cohesion.— Po^ar forces, those forces which are conceived to act with equal intensity, in opposite directions, at the extremities of the axes of molecules, or of masses of matter, as magnetism.— Of force, of necessity ; necesi^ai-ily ; un- avoidably. [Ra7\ us.]— No force, no matter.—/ do 7io force, I care not. [Chattcer.] FOR'CEPS, n. [add.] In 7nidwifery, an instrument for extracting the fetus.— Artery or dissecting forceps, an instru- ment used in dissections, for taking up the mouths of arteries, &c. FORELAND FOKFATJLTED FORLOYNE FORCE-PUMP. See Pump. FORC'ING-ENfilNE, n. A fire-engine, — which see. FORCING-PIT, n. A pit of wood or masonry, sunlt in the earth, for con- taining the fermenting materials to produce bottom-heat in forcing plants. FOR€UTTE-,t v- t. [Sax.J To cut through. [Chaucer.'] FORDON'.tPP- Undone. [Chaucer.] FORDRIVE ,t VP- Fordriven; driven away. [Chaucer.] FORDRONK'EN,t i>p. [Sax.] Very drunken. [Chaucer.] FORDRY'.t a. [Sax.] Very dry. [Chau- cer.] FORD WIN'ED,t pp. [Sa\.furdwinan.] Wasted away. [Chaucer.] FORE, n. To the fore, alive; remaining still in existence ; not lost, worn out, or spent, as money, &c. [Scotch.] FORE,t pp. of Fare. [Sax.] Gone. [ Chaucer.] FOREXRM', instead of FOREARM, V. t. FORE'aRM, instead of FOREARM. FORESRM'ED, pp. or a. Armed be- forehand ; as, forewarned forearmed. FORE'BA Y, n. That part of a mill-race through which the water Hows upon the wheel. FOREBOD'INGLY.arfi!. In a prognos- ticating manner. FORE'BODY, n. In ship-buUding, the portion of a ship which extends from the head to the midship-frame; the portion abaft the midship-frame, or from the stern to the midship-frame, is called the after-bodi/. FORE'BOW,)!. The forepart of asaddle. FORE'BRACE, for FOREBRACE. F0RE'€aST, n. for FORE€XST. FORE'CASTLE.H. [add.] In merchant ships, the forecastle means the forepart of the vessel under the deck, where the sailors live. — Top-iiallant .forecastle, a covered recess formed by a short deck erected over part of the forecastle- deck. FoRE'€aSTLE-DECK, n. Same as Forecastle. FOREDO', V. t. [add.] To destroy ; to undo. [Shah.] FOREDONE', pp. [add.] Destroyed. [Shah.] FOREFATHER, instead of FORE- FATHER. FOREFEELING, n. Presentiment. FOREFINGER, instead of FORE- FIN'GER. FORE'FOOT, instead of FORE- FOOT'. ■ ■ FORE'G ANGER, instead of FORE- GANGER. FORE'HAMJIER, instead of FORE- HAMMER. FORE'HAND.a. [add.] Forward; as, a forehand stag. [Hudibras.] FOREHAND-RENTS, n. In lato, a. fine ; a species of rent, the payment of which is generally stipulated for by a covenant in the lease. It is a premium given by a lessee at the time of taking his lease. In Scotland it is called a grassum. FORE'I1EAD-€LOTH, n. A band for- merly used by ladies to prevent wrinkles. FORE'HOODS, n. In ship-building, the most forward of the outside and inside planks. FOR'EIN,t n. A jakes; a cesspool; a stranger. [Chaucer.] FOREJUDGE , V. t. [add.] To con- demn. FORE'LAND, n. instead of FORE- LAND. FORE LENT,t PP. Given or lent be- forehand. [SpeHi'er.] FORE'LOCKED, pp. Secured by a forelock, as a bolt. FORE'MOST, a. [add.] First in time; as, Jason manned the foremost ship that sailed the sea. FORE'NO'TICE, n. instead of FORE- NOTICE. FOREN'SieAL,a. Same as Forensic. FOREN'SIC MEDICINE, n. The sci- ence which applies the principles and practice of the difierent branches of medicine to the elucidation of doubtful questions in a court of justice. FORE'PEAK, w. That part of a vessel close to the bow. FORE-PLANE, n. In carpentry and joinery, the first plane used after the saw and axe. [See Plane.] FOREREACH',D.(.ori'. i.[add.]When one vessel outsails another on a wind, she is said to forereach, or to shoot a-head. FORE'SCENT, n. An anticipation; FORE'SHORE, n. The sloping part of ashore comprehended between the high and low water-marks. FORESLACIv'ED.t pp. Neglected; delayed. [SiiCHicr.] FORE'SLEEVE, n. That part of a sleeve between the elbow and the wrist. FOR'EST, a. Sylvan ; rustic ; pertain- ing to a forest ; as, forest law. FORESTAL', v. t. instead of FORE- STALL'. FOR'ESTAL.t a. Pertaining toaforest; as, forestal rights. FORESTALLING, n. [add.] The of- fence of forestalling was abolished by 7 and 8 Vict., c. 24, as well as the offences of regratina and engrossing. FOR'EST -FLY, n. The name given to the Hippobosca equina, a dipterous in- sect, often very troublesome to horses. FOR'EST-LAWS, n. Laws relating to forests; the code or system of laws ac- cording to which all offences touching the royal forests were tried, and by which all persons living within the boundaries of those forests were gene- rally governed. FOREST-MARBLE, n. In ffco?., a por- tion of the series of the lower oolite- formation, consisting of a coarse, lamin- ated, shelly oolite, interposed between beds of clay, sand, and grit. FOR'ESTRY', n. [add.] The ait of form- ing or of cultivating forests. FOREST-TREE, n. A tree of the fo- rest; not a fruit-tree. FOR'EST-WALK, n. A walk in a fo- rest ; a rural grove. FORETAULD',j)p.ForetoId. [Scotch.] FORETEL', V. t. instead of FORE- TELL'. FORETEL', t.. i. instead of FORE- TELL'. FORE'TOP, n. [add.] A tuft of hair turned up from the forehead. FOREWENT',! PP- Gone before. ( Spenser. \ FOREWET'ING.t n. [Sax.] Foreknow- ledge. [Chaucer.] FORE'WIND, n. In apri., the leaders of a band of reapers. FOREWOTE',t ( V. t. [Sax.l To fore- FOREWETE',ti know. [Chaucer.] FORFAIRN'. iSeeFoREFAiRN. FORFAlT£',t V. t. [Fr.] To misdo. [Chaucer.] FORFARE'.t ".I. [Sax.] To fare ill; to depart. [Chaucer.] F O R F A II L T ' E D, pp. Forfeited. [Scotch.] 173 FORFAULT'URE,n. A failure; a vio- lation. [Rare.] FOR'FEIT, n. [add] Something de- posited and redeemable by a jocular fine; whence the game oi forfeits. FOR'FEITURE, n. [add] In criminal cases, forfeitiu*e is threefold: (1), Of real estates absolutely, as for high- treason ; if freehold, to the king; if copyhold, to the lord. (2), Ofthe profits of the real estate; if freehold, to the crown during the life of the offender, and a year and a day afterwards, in the case of petty treason or murder, after which the land escheats to the lord ; if it is copyhold, it is at once forfeited to the lord. (3), Of goods and chattels, in felonies of all sorts. Otfices are for- feited by the neglect or misbehaviour of the holders. FORFER'ED,tw- [Sax.] Much afraid. [Chaucer.] FORFI€'ULA, n. [L. ttomforfex, pin- cers.] A Linnxan genus of orthop- terous insects, now forming a distinct family, Forficulidje. F. auricularia is the well-known earwig. FORFI€U'LID^, instead of FOR- FIC'ULIDyE. FORFOUGHT'EN, pp. or a. Ex- hausted with fighting or labour; fa- tigued and breathless. [Scotch.] FORGATH'ER, v. i. To meet ; to con- vene. — To forgather icith, to fall in with. [Scotch.] F0R6E, v.t. [add.] To forge a-head, in marine Ian., to shoot a-head; as in coming to anchor after the sails are fm'led. FORGIE', V. t. To forgive. [Scotch.] FORGIFTE'.t n. [Sax.] Forgivene-ss. [Chaucer.] FORGIV'INGNESS, n. A forgiving disposition or act. FORGON',t V. t. infin. of Forgo or Forego. To omit ; to lose ; to relin- quish. [Chaucer.] FORGROW'EN.t PP- [Sax] Over- grown. [Chaucer.] FORHENT', pp. [See Forehend.! Seized or taken beforehand. [Spenser.] FORISFAMILIATED, M.. Putin possession of land in a father's life- time; and hence discharged from the family. FOR JUD6'ED,tPJ>.[Fr.] Forejudged; wrongously judged. [Chaucer.] FORK'-CHUCli, n. An appendage to a turning-lathe, so called from that part which screws on the mandril, having on the outer side a square hole in which forked pieces of iron of dif- ferent sizes, according to the strength required, are placed when in use. FORKED -BEARD, «. A British fish {Raniceps fusctts), belonging to the cod family. FORKERVE',t I'.t. [Sax.] To carve or cut through. [Chaucer.] FORK'INESS, n. The quality of open- ing into two or more parts ; a fork-like division. FORLAFT',+ pp. [Sax.] Left off en- tirely. [Chaucer.] FORLAY',! I'. (. To lie in wait for; to ambush ; as, a thief .forluj/s a traveller. FORLESE',t V. t. [Sax.] To lose en- tireiy. [Chaucer.] FORLETE',t V. t. [Snx. forliJ. L^eeSwEAT.] Over- heated ; sunburnt. [Spenser.] FORS-WONICt a. [Sax. swincan, to labour.] Over-laboured. [Spenser.] FORTE, n. (fort.J [Fr.] That in which one excels ; a peculiar talent or faculty; a strong side ; chief excellence. FOR'TE, adv. or a. pronounced for'-ta. FORTH.t n. [Suio-Goth. fort.] A way. FORTH'BY,t adv. [Sax.] Forward by. [Chaucer.] FOR'THER,t »• '• [Sax.] To further. [Cha^icer.] FORTH'GOING, a. Going forth. FORTHINK',t "• i- [add.] To grieve; to vex ; to regret. [Chaucer.] FORTHOUGUT-,t PP. of Forthink. Grieved; vexed. [Chaucer.] FOR'THREN,t ". t. infin. of Forther. To further. [Chaucer.] FOR'-THY,+ adv. Same as Forthv. FOR'TIFY, V. t. [add.] In a general sense, to add to the strength of; as, to fortify vnne by the addition of brandy. — In ship-building, to strengthen a ship's stern and bows by double planks and strong chocks or knees of wood, cased with iron, &c. This method is used in ships engaged in the northern whale-fishery, where they are exposed to the concussion and pressure of ice. FORTITU'DINOUS, a. Having forti- tude ; courageous. FORT'RET, n. A little fort ; a sconce ; a fortlet. FORTROD'EN.t PP- of Fortread. Trodden down. [Chaucer.] FORTUIT,ta. [Fr.j Fortuitous; ac- cidental. [Chaucer.] FORTU'NA, n. [L. In mythol., the name of the goddess of fortune.] A small planet or asteroid, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered August 22, 1852, by Professor Hind. FORTUNE, !). t. [add.] To determine cme's lot or fortune. [Shah.] FOR'TUNE-STEALER, n. One who steals an heiress. FOR-TUNOUS,t a- Proceeding from fortune. [Chaucer] FOR'TY, n. Tlie number which con- sists of four times ten. FORWAIv'ED.t pp. Having waked long. [Chaucer.] FORWAN'DRED,t PP- Having wan dered long. [Chaucer.] FOR"WARD, ndv. [add.] During time succeeding; as, ti-om th^t time forward. FOR'WARDING MERCHANT, n. One whose business it is to receive and forward goods for others. FORWEA'RIED, a. Wearied. [Shah.] FOR\VEA'RIED,t PP- Over-fatigued. [Spenser.] FORWELK'ED,t PP [Sax.] Much wrinkled. [Chaucer.] FORWENT'.t )pret. of Forego. FOREWENT ,t> Did forego; re- signed. FORWERED,t P7<. | Sax.] Worn out. [Chaucer.] FORWOUND'ED,t PP- Much wounded. [Chaucer.] FORWRAP'PED,t pp. Wrapped up. [Chaucer.] FORYELDE.t v. t. [For, and yield.] To yield up ; to pay ; to repay. [Chau- cer.] FORYETE'.t !•. f. [Sax.] To forget. [Chaucer. \ FORYET'TEN,tpp. Forgotten. [CAhk. cer.] FOS'SA, n. [L. a ditch or trench.] In anaf., a little depression or sinus; as, the fossa lachrymatis, a sinuosity in the frontal bone for lodging the lachrymal gland ; fossa ovalis, the oval depres- sion presented by the septum of the right auricle. FOS'SANE, «. A species of carnivorous 173 quadruped ( Genetta senegalensis), found in Africa. FOSSE'WAY, n. One of the great Roman roads through England, so called from the ditches on each side. [See FossHOAD.] FOSSILIFICA'TION, n. Act of fossi- lizing. FOSS'ILISM, n. The nature or science of fossils. FOSSO'RES, n. [add.] A name applied to that group of quadrupeds wliich contains the burrowing-moles. FOSSO'RIALS, n. See Fos.sores. FOS'TER,t n. A forester. [Chaucer.] FOS'TER-LAND, n. Land allotted for the maintenance of a person. FOS'TER- PARENT, n. A foster- father or mother. FOTE--HOT,tarfi'.Foot-hot; straight- way; immediately. [Chaucer.] FOTE'-MAN'TEL,t »■ Foot-mantle; a riding petticoat. [Chaucer.] FOU, la. Full; drunk.— Also, a pitch- FOW, / fork. [Scotch.] FOU'ATS, n. House-leeks. [Scotch.] FOU'DRE,t In. [Fr.] Lightning. FOUL'DER,t J [Chaucer.] FOUGADE', instead of FOUGADE, n. [add.] Sometimes a fougade is dug outside the works to defend them, and sometimes beneath, to destroy them by explosion. FOUL, a. [add.] Homely. [Shah.]— A foul copy, the first rough draught of any writing, defaced with altera- tions, corrections, obliterations, &c. Opposed to fair copy, or clean copy. FOUL'DRING,tppr. [Fr.] Thunder- ing; blasting with lightning. [Chau- cer.] FOULE,t n. A bird ; a fowl. [Chau- cer.] FOUND, V. t. [add.] To be the basis for any superstructure ; as, a folio founds the wliole pile. [Pope.] FOUNDATIONER, n. One who de- rives support from the funds or founda- tion of a college or great school. FOUNDE,t V. t. [Sax.] To try. [Chau- cer.] FOUNDER, n. [add.] A lameness oc- casioned by iuHammation within the hoof of a horse. FOUNDERED, p/). or a. [add.] Sunk in the sea, as a ship. FOUN'DRING,t ppr. [See Founder.] Tripping and falling. [Spenser.] FuUR, a. [add.] To go on all four, or on all fours, is to go on the hands and feet, or the liands and knees. As ap- plied to quadrupeds, the phrase signi- fies to go naturally. — \o simile goes or runs on all fours is an old saying, which signifies that no simile is perfect or consistent in all respects; that is, there is no simile in whicli the corre- spondence between tlie outward sign and the thing signified is exactly pre- served. FOUR, n. The number consisting of twice two. FOURCHETTE', n. [Fr. a fork, a table-fork.] In anal., the name of the thin commissure by wliich tlie labia ntajora of the pudendum unite together. FOUR-CORNERED, a. Having four corners or angles. FoUR'-HANDED, a. Having four hands ; quadrumanoiLs. FOUll'-LEGGED, a. Having four legs. FOUR LING, H. One of four children born at the same time. FOUR'-NOOKED, a. Four-cornered. [Scotch.] FOURSCORE, n. The number eighty. FOXND FRANCOLIN FRAZERA d Four-vi«y Cock. four'-tailed bandage, «. in sitr.y a bandage for the forehead, face, and jaws. FOUR'TEEN, n. The number consist- ing of ten and four. FOURTH, n. [add.] The dimuiished fourth consists of a whole tone and two semitones; and the perfect fourth of two whole tones and a semitone. FOUR-WAY COCK, \n. A descrip- FOUR-M'AY VALVE, f tionofvaWe occasionally used in steam-engines for passing the steam alternately to the npper and lower ends of the cylinder and to the condenser. It is shown in section in the figure, a is the com- munication with the steam-pipe ; h the passage to the upper end of the ^ cylinder; c to the condenser; and d to the lower end of the cylinder. By turning the centre a quarter of a revolution, the action is re- versed, and the steam, instead of entering the cylinder at the lower end by d. Mill enter at the upper end through h. FOUS'EL-OIL, n. Hydrate of oxide of amyle, an oil produced in the fermenta- tion of unmalted grain and potatoes. FOUTER.f 71. A despicable fellow. FOUTRA.fn. [Old Fr.] A fig; a scoff. FO'VEATE, ^>i>. [L./oi'pa, apit.] In hof.y covered \\\t\\ small excavations or pits ; pitted. FO'SS"ERTIE,tn. [Sax.] Forty. [Chau- cer.'] FOX, n. [add.] The local name of a British fish, the gemmeous dragonet (CalUonymus li/ra). FOX, v.t. [add.] To deceive; to entrap; to ensnare.- — To stupefy with drink ; to make drunkf ; to make sour, as beer in fermenting ; to repair boots by adding new soles, and surrounding the feet with leather. [This latter signification appears to be of American origin.] FOX, r. i. To turn sour; applied to beer when it soars in fermenting. FOX'ED, pj). or a. Tvu-ned sour in fer- menting, as beer. — Foxed bookSy a term applied to books of which the paper has become spotted with light brown or yellow spots, owing to some fault in the manufacture. FOX'ERLEjfH. &cFoxERT. [Chau- cer.'] FOX'-HOUXD, n. [add.] A breed of hounds in whicli are combined, in the highest degree of excellence, fleetness, strength, spirit, fine scent, perseverance, and subordination. The fox-hound is much smaller than the stag-hoimd, his average height being from twenty to twentv-two inches. FOX'-HUNTING, n. The pursuit of the fox : fox-chase. FOX'-HUXTIXG, a. Relating to the pursuit of the fox. FOX LT,t a. Having the qualities of a fox. FOX'-TAILED, a. Resembling the tail of a fox. FOY,t n. [Fr.] Tribute due from sub- jects. [5^en.ser.] FOY, n. [add.] [Teut. /oey.] FOYLE,t V. t. To foil; to defeat or conquer ; to trample. [Sjtenser.] rOYND,! i>re/. [5ce Foin.] Pushed or thrust, as in fencing. [Spenser.] FOY'SOXS, n. Abundant provisions. [Shak.] [5(?e FoisoN.] FRAjf prep, for Fro. [Chaucer."] FRACAS, n. [add.] Pronounced frata or fraka'. FRACK. a. Ready; eager; forward. [Scotch^] I FRACTIONARY, a. Belonging to fractions; fractional. ' FRACTIOUS, a. Peevish; fretful. [Scotch.] I FRA€ TURE, n. [add.] A fracture is j termed transverse, longitudinal, or ob- i lique, according to its direction in re- gard to the axis of the bone. — Com- minuted fracture, a fracture in whicb i the bone is broken into several pieces. — Complicated fi'acture, one which is attended with diseases or accidents, as j contusion, &c. FRAE. prep. From. [Scotch.] FR^'XUM, n. plur. Fra^na. [L. a bridle.] In anat.^ a ligament wliich checks or restrains the motion of a part ; as, the frcenum linguep, a fold of , the mucous membrane of the mouth, j which binds down the tongue. FRAGU.ELY, adv. So as to be easily ; broken. ' FRAGMENT'AL, a. Consisting of' fragments ; fragmentary. I FRAGMENTARY ROCKS, n. In geol., rocks formed of fragments of ; other rocks ; as sand-stoneSy iitfas, con- qlomerates. and hreccife. FRAlNE,t \v. t. [Sax. frcBgyiian.] To FRANE.t I ask. [Chaucer.] FRAK'NES.f n. plur. [Sax.] Spots; freckles. [Chaucer.] FRAME, n. [add.] Constitution ; na- tural temper ; as, the different frames of men's minds. FRa MER, instead of FRaMER, n. FRAMES, ) n. Inship-build- FRAME -TIMBERS, f ing, all that constitutes the frame of the vessel, snch as the floor-timbers, futtocks, and top- timbers. — Balance-frames, frames equal in capacity, so placed as to be equi- distant from the ship's centre of gra^n'ty. FRA'MIXG,n.Inioin«T/, pieces of wood of the same thickness united together so as to inclose a space or spaces, which are filled in with boards of a less thickness, termed panels. The vertical pieces of the framing are called styles ; the horizontal ones are named rails. FR.\M PAL, a. Unruly; forward ; evil-conditioned. [^cofcA.] FRAN'CHISE, n. [add.] A royal privi- lege or branch of the king's prerogative, subsisting in the hands of a subject. It arises either from royal grants or from prescription, which presupposes a grant. FR.\N'CHISE, n. Frankness; gene- rosity. [Chaucer.] FRANCIS'CEA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Scrophulariaces. F. uni- flora is a Brazilian shrub, possessing purgative, emetic, emmenagogue, and alexipharmic properties, and is nause- ously bitter. The root and bark are employed largely in Brazil against syphilis, under the name of mercurio vegetal. F R A X C K ' L I X ,t «. A freeholder. [Spenser.] FRAXCOLINjH. [add.] Francolinus, a genus of birds, closely allied to the par- tridges. The common francoUn {F. vulgaris) is an elegant species, found throughout all the warmer parts of Europe. It has a very loud whistle, and its flesh is greatly esteemed. 174 FRAX'6lBLEXESS,n. SameasFRAS- oiBiLiTT, but less used. FRAX'6tPAXE, n. [Fr.] A species of pastry, containing cream, almonds, and sugar. — Also, a perfume. FRANK, 71. A letter sent, or the privi- lege of sending letters by mail, free of postage. — Also, a pigsty. [5Aaft.] [See Franc] FR ANKALMOIGXE', n. [add.] This is the tenure by which almost all the an- cient monasteries and religious houses held their lands, and by which the pa- rochial clergy, and very many ecclesias- tical and eleemoSNTiary foundations hold them to this day, the nature of the service being, upon the Reforma- tion, altered and made conformable to the church of England. Tenants in frankalmoigne did no fealty, and were freed from all temporal services, ex- cept that of repaii'ing roads, building castles, and repelling invasions. FRANK'-BANK,n.[5eeFREE-BENCH.] FRANK'-FEE,n. [add,] Freehold lands exempted from all services, but not from homage. FRANK'-FERM, n. In lair, lands or tenements changed in the nature of the fee by feoffinent, &c., out of knight- service, for certain vearlv serrice. FRANK-FOLD, n. In /aw, foldage; a liberty to fold sheep. FRANKING, 7i. A term used by the makers of window- sashes, and applied to the mode of forming the joint when the cross-pieces of the frame intei-sect each other, no more wood being cut awav than is sufficient to show a mitre. FRANK-SERVICE, n. Service per- formed bv freemen. FRAN TIC ALLY, adv. In a frantic or furious manner. FRAP, V. t. [add.] To prevent a sail from blowing loose, by passing ropes round it. — Also, to pass ropes or chains round a weakened vessel, so as to keep her together. FRA TER-HOUSE,) n. In arch., the FRA'TERY, j refectory. FRATER NATE, r. i. To fraternize. I American.] \ FRATERNA'TION,) n. Fraterniza- FRA'TERNISM, ) t'lon. American. FRATER NIZER, n. One who frater- nizes. FRAT'RIA6E, In. In law, a younger FRAT'RACiE, J brothers inheritance. — Also, a partition of an estate among co-heirs. FRAUD, n. [add.] Constructive fraud, such acts or contracts as, though not originating in any actual evil or fraur dulent design, yet, by their tendency to deceive or mislead other persons, or to riolate public or private confidence, or to impair or injure the public interests, are deemed equally reprehensible with positive fraud, and therefore are pro- hibited by \^\s:.— Statute of frauds, a statute passed in the reign of Charles II.. for the prevention of many fraudu- lent practices. It enacts that all agree- ments respecting land shall be in writ- ing, except leases not exceeding three years, two-thirds of the value being re- served for rent. Also that all assign- ments and surrenders, all real property contracts, declarations of trust, except by implication, and personal engage- ments above £io, are to be in writing. FRAUD ULENTNESS, n. Quality of being fraudulent. FRAYNEjf r. t. [See Fraine in this Supp.] FRAZERA, n. A genus of plants, nat. FREIGHT FRICTION-CLUTCII FRICTION-ROLLERS order Gentianace^e. jP. carolinensis is indigenous in the swamps of the Caro- linas. The root yields a powerful bit- ter, wholly destitute of aroma. In its medicinal effects it is equal to gentian, and when fresh is said to be emetic and cathartic. FRE,t a. for Free. [Chaucer.] FREAK'ED, pp. Variegated; check- ered, FRECK'LE, u. t and i. To give or ac- quire freckles. FREE, a. [add.] Not chemically com- bined with any other body ; at liberty to escape ; as, free carbonic acid gas. — In marine Ian., a vessel is said to be going free when she has a fair wind, and her yards braced in. A vessel is also said to be^ee wiien pumped clear of water. FREE, V. t. [add.] To discharge ; to cancel ; to gain pardon for ; as, prayer frees all faults. [Shah.\ FREE-BOARD, n. In laiv, ground claimed in some places more or less be- yond or without the fence. It is said to be two feet and a half. FREE'BOOTERY, n. The act or plunder of a freebooter. FREE BOOTING, a. Relating to, or like freebooters. FREE'BOOTY, n. Pillage or plunder by freebooters. FHEE'-BOROUGH MEN, n. In law, such great men as did not engage, like the frank-pledge men, to become sure- ties for the good behaviour of them- selves and others. FREE' CHARGE, n. In electrical expe- riments with the Leyden jar or battery, a term applied to that part of the in- duced electricity which passes through the air to surrounding conductors. FREE'-CHASE, n. .S'eeFuANK-CHASE. FREE'-DEN'IZEN,t u. i. To make free. FREE'-GRACE, n. Voluntary and un- merited favoui'. [See Gkack.] FREEL'TEE,t n. [Fr.] Frailty. [C/mw- cer.] FREE'MAN'S-ROLL, n. A list of all persons admitted as burgesses, or free- men of those rights which are reserved by the Municipal Corporation Act, as distinguished from the burgesses newly created by the act, and entitled lo the rights which it newly confers, who ai*e entered on the burgess-roll. FREE'-PORT, H. See Port. FRE'ER, n. One who gives freedom. FREE-SERVICES, 7i. In the feudal system, such services as were not unbe- coming the character of a soldier or freeman to perform ; as to serve under his lord in the wars, to pay a sum of money, or the like. FREE'-SOC'AOE, n. A species of ten- ure of lands; common socage. [See Socage.] FREE'-STATES, Ji. In America, those states of the Union in which slavery has been abolished by law. FREE'-TRADE, n. Trade or commerce free from restrictions; a free inter- change of commodities. FREE '-WILL, a. Voluntary; sponta- neous ; done freely ; as, a free-will offering. FREIGHT, n. [add.] The sum paid by a merchant or other person hiii.ig a ship or part of a ship, for the use of Buch ship or part, during a specified voyage, or for a specified time. The freight is most usually fixed by the i;harter- party or bill of lading. — Dead' freight. [See among the compounds of DiCAD.J FREIGHT'ACiE, n. Money paid for freight. FREM, "J a. Strange; foreign; not FREMMIT.J. related; acting like a FREM'D, ) stranger; keeping at a distance. [Scotch.} FREMDE,t l«. [Sax.] Strange. F R E M ' E D,t f [Chaucer.] FRENCH' B E AN, n. A species of bean; the kidney-bean. FRENCH' CHALK. See French, a. FRENCH' PiE, n. A name of the great spotted woodpecker. FRENCH' POLISH, n. Gum-lac dis- solved in spu'its of wine. — 2. The smooth, glossy surface produced on cabinet-work by the application of this substance. FRENCH' RED, n. Rouge,— which see. FRENCH' WHITE, n. Finely pulve- rized talc. FRENCH' WILLOW, n. A plant; rosebay- willow-herb. FREND,f V. t. To befriend. [Spemer.] FRENNE.t n. A stranger. [Spenser.A FREN'SEIE,t TL [Fr.J A frenzy. [Chaucer.] FREN'ZIEDLY, adv. Madly; distract- edly. FREQUENT', v. (.[add.] To crowd: to fill. [Obsolete.] FREQUENTATIVE, n. A verb which denotes the frequent occui'reuce or re- petition of an action. FREQUENTING, ppr. Often visiting or resorting to. FRERE,t n. [add.] A friar. [Chaucer.] FRESHE,t V. t. To refresh. [Chaucer:] FRESH -FORCE, n. In law, a force newly done in any city, borough, &c. [See Force.] FRESH'MAN, a. Pertaining to a fresh- man, or to the class in colleges called freshmen. FRET,t H. [Fr.j A band [Chaucer.] FRET,t I pp. [Fr.] Fraught; filled, FRETTE,t/ [Chaucer. \ FRETE.f V. t [Sax.] To eat; to de- vour. [See Fret.] [Chaucer.] FRET'TEN, a. Rubbed; marked; as, poch-freiteny marked with the small- pox. FREYNE,t t"-'- ^^^ Fraine in this Su2?p. [ Chaucer.] FRI'AR, 71. [add.] In printing, any part of a page which has not received the ink. FRI'AR-BIUD, K. The local name of the Tropiderhynchus coj-niculatus, an Australian bird, belonging to the fa- mily iNIeliphagidie. FRI AK^S-CROWN, > ?z. A plant; the FRI'AR'S-THISTLE, J woolly-headed thistle. FRI'AR-SKATE, n. The local name of the sharp-nosed ray {Raia Uutea). FRI'BURGH, Ui. The same as F R ID'B U R G H, f Frank-Pledge. FRICTION, a. Implying or relating to friction. FRICTION-CLUTCH, n. In mech., a species of loose coupling much used for connecting machines which require to be frequently engaged and disengaged, as wash-stocks; or which are subject to sudden variations of resistance, as crushing-rollers. In the figure it is shown in section; a is the shaft through which the moving power is conveyed, on which is a loose wheel b, intended to communicate motion to the gearing of the machine to be driven. On the eye of this wheel is keyed an external cone c, and to this another external cone rf, loose on the shaft longitu- dinally, is accurately fitted. But this 176 cone, while it is free to move endlong on the shaft by means of an ordinary shifting lever, the fork of which is re- ceived into the j4 recess y^ is pre- vented from turning round on the shaft by the feathers marked e. When the external cone is thrown for- ward, so that it embraces the surface of the cone c, the friction gradually puts tlie wheel b in motion, and being kept in contact by means of a spring or weight on the shifting lever, the fric- tion is usually sufficient to transmit the amount of power necessary for the attached machinery. But if by any chance the load should suddenly in- crease, so as to exceed the friction, the cones slip on each other, and the velocity of the wheel b is consequently diminished, or the resistance may be- come so great that the wheel b will be brought to rest. In this way, the risk of breakage in ordinary working, and the shocks which would otherwise be thrown on the general gearing by the sudden engagement of a heavy ma- chine, are very much lessened. FRICTION-CONES, n. In machinery, a form of slip-coupling, consisting of two cones a b, of which the one a is formed on the back of the driving-wheel, loose on the driving- shaft, and the other b forms part of a sliding block, attached to the shaft by a sunk feather, and fits accurately into the interior of that Priction-conea. formed on the back of the wheel. The sliding-block can be thrown in and out of gear in the ordinary way, by means of a fork c, and the transmission of mo- tion depends on the friction of the two conical surfaces. If the load on the machine, which is driven by the second shaft, is suddenly changed, the adhe- sion between the surfaces of the cones allows them to slip, and thus breakage is avoided. FRICTION-COUPLING, n. In mill- work, a modification of the disc-coup- ling employed in cases in which the machinery is subject to sudden changes of velocity or load. A plate of leather Friction- ooup1iiie> is interposed between the faces of the discs, which are compressed by a fric- tion-ring and tension-bolts, by which the degree of pressure and amount of friction can be regulated at pleasure. FRIG'TION-ROLLEKS, n. Inmech., FRIGATE FROCK-COAT FROST-WORT a name common to any small cylinders employed to convert sliding motion into rolling motion. Such cylinders are often placed under heavy bodies, when they are required to be moved any short distance on the surface of the ground ; and, in machinery, the same method is occasionally employed to diminish the friction of a heavily-loaded axis. In that case a number of small cylinders are inclosed round the axis, and partake of its motion. FRICTION-WHEEL, n. In machin- ery, a form of slip-coupling .applied in cases where the variations of load are sudden and great, as in dredging-ma- chinery, &c. It consists of a strong plain pulley B, keyed on the driving- shaft ; and on the circumference of this a wheel A is fitted, with a series of friction - plates a a a interposed, and large pivot-guns on their upper, and a tier_ of guns on their lower or main deckl FRIGATE-BIRD, n. [.add.] The frig- ate-birds, or man-of-war birds, consti- tute the genus Tachypetes of Vieillot, and belong to the family PelecanidiE of Leach. They are eminently raptorial, the bill is long, robust, and strong. Their immense extent of wing and Frictiou-wheel. retained in recesses formed iu the eye of the wheel. Behind each of those plates a set -screw b is inserted, bear- ing against the back of the plate, and which can be tightened at pleasure to regulate the degree of friction required for the ordinary work ; but should the pressure on the circumference of the wheel A exceed this, the plates slide upon the circumference of the pulley B, which continues to revolve with the shaft, aud the wheel remains stationary. FRI€ TION-WHEELS, n. In mech., an arrangement sometimes adopted for diminishing the friction of a horizontal axis. The wheels are simply plain cylinders a a, carried on parallel and independent axes b b. They are dis- posed so as to overlap pair and pair at Fhction-wheela. each end of the main axis c, which rests in the angles thus formed by the circumferences. The axis, instead of sliding on a fixed surface, as in ordinary cases, carries round the circumferences of the wheels on which it is supported with the same velocity as it possesses itself, and in consequence, the friction of the system is proportionally lessened. FKIER, n. He that fries. [See Friar.] FRIEZ'ER, n. He or that which friezes. FRI'GA, J n. In mi/th., the Venus FRIG'GA, !■ of the North, and wife of FREY'A, ) Odin, f&e Friday.] FRIG'ATE, n. [add.] Double-banked frigates, or doubte-banhei's, such as carry guns on t«o decks, and have a flush upper deck. — Sleam -frigates, large steam-ships carrying guns on a flush upper deck. They have generally Frifit«birJ, Tachypetei aipttta. dashing habits, have obtained for them the name of the swiftest sailing ships of war. The best known species is the T. aquila, very common in the inter- tropical American coasts, and in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, but always within reach of land. FRKiEF ACTION, instead of FRI6E- FRACTION. FRIGHT'ENABLE, a. That may be frightened. [Rare.\ FRIGIDA'RIUM, K. [L.] In ancient arch., the apartment in which the cold- bath was placed. The word is some- times used to denote the cold-bath it- self. FRIGORIFT€AL, a. Same as Fri- GORIFIC. FRILL, n. [add.] The ruffling of a hawk's feathers when frilling with cold. FRILL, V. t. To decorate with frills or gathers. FRIL'LED, pp. or a. Edged with some- thing fine; decked with a frill, FRINGE, n. |add.] The edge; margin ; extremity. — Fringe of mosses, a .simple or double row of separate or connected teeth, bordering the orifice of the cajisule in almost all the genera of mosses. FBINGlL'LA, n. A Linufean genus of passerine birds, now raised to the rank of a family, Fringillidse,— which see. FRINGILLA'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to the finches or Fringillidag. FRISK'ILT, adu. Gaily; briskly. FRIST'ED, pp. Delayed; put off for a time. [5co(i7i.] FRIT, V. t. To expose to a dull red heat, for the purpose of expelling moisture and carbonic acid from materials for making glass. FRITLLLA'RIA, n. See Fritillart. FRIT'ILLARY, or FRITIL'LARY, n. [add.] Several of the British but- terdies are popularly called by this name. The Argynnis paphia is the silver-washed fritillary of collectors; the A. aglaia is the dark-green fritil- lary ; the A. adippe is the high-brown fritillary ; the rare and much prized Argynnis tattonia is the queen-of-Spain fritillary ; other species of Argynnis and Melitaea .are called fritiUaries ; the M. artemis is the greasy fritillary of collectors. FRITT, n. See Frit. FRIZE, 71. In arch. [See Frieze.] FROCK, n. [add.] A gown forchildren. FROCK'-€OAT, n. A kind of strait- bodied coat, having the same length 17« before and behind, like a surtout, but shorter. FROCK'ED, a. (frokt.) Clothed in a frock. FROG, )?t. Names sometimes FROG'-FISH, ( .applied to a British fish (Lophius piscatorius), the angler. FKOG'-HOPPER, n. A small insect belonging to the order Ilomoptera, re- markable for its powers of leaping. Its larvae are found on leaves, inclosed in a frothy liquid, and hence called cuckoo-spittle or frog-spittle (Aphro- phora spumaria). FKOG'-SHELL, n. The name applied to various species of shells of the genus Ranella. At least fifty recent species of this genus are known. They are chiefly found in the tropical seas. FROLIC, a. instead of FROL'IC. FKOL'ie, ?i. instead of FROLIC. FROL'IC, V. i. instead of FROL'IC. FROLICFUL, a. instead of FROL - ICFUL. FROL'ieKED,i)re«. ot Frolic. FROL'ICKING, ppr. or a. Playing pranks ; frolicsome. FROL'I€LY,t adv. instead of FROL'- ICLY. FROL'IfSO JIE, a. instead of FROL'- ICSOME. FROL'ICSO.MELY, adv. instead of FROL'ICSOMELY. FROL'IfSOMENESS, n. instead of FROL'ICSuMENESS. FRON DOSE, a. Full of leaves; leafy; frondous. FRONS, n. [L.J The forehead; that part of the face extending from the eye-brows to the roots of the hair. — In zool., the region of the cranium between the orbits and the vertex. FRONT, a. Relating to the front or face. FRONT, V. i. [add.] To be opposite. FRONT'AGE, n. [add.] The front part of any buUding, structure, quay, »S:c. FRONT'AL, n. [add.] The hangings or ornamental panel in front of an altar. FRONT'ATE, a. In bot., an epithet for leaves v^-hich continually become broader, and at last perhaps terminate in a right line. Opposed to cuspidate. FRON'TIER, instead of FRON- TIER, n. [add.] A forehead. [Shah.] FRON'TIEK,t V. i To form or consti- tute a frontier ; to possess territories bordering or constituting a frontier, with on or upon. FRON'TIER, instead of FRONTIER, a. FRON'TIERED, instead of FRON- TIERED, a. FRON'TIERS, n. Forts. [Shak.] FRONT INGLY, adv. In a facing posi- tion ; opposingly. FRONTINIAC, or FRONTIGNAC. FRONT'-LINE, n. The first of the three lines of an army. FRONTON', H. [Fr.] In arch., the French name for a pediment. FRONT-VIEW, n. In painting and perspective, a view or representation of the front part of an edifice or other object. FROST-BITE, n. A state of numbed- ness or torpidness of any part of the body, particularly of the extremities, the nose and ears, occasioned by expo- sure to severe cold. FKOST'-FISH, n. In the United States. the popular name of a small fish of the genxis IMorrhua, which abounds on the North American coasts during winter. It is also called tom-rod. FROST-WORT, w. In the United FULHAM FUNCTION FUSCINE FREUC 11, t "„ ^f '''5- broken ; br FROOCH 1 '■''"'' ''' "'ood. [6ei States, the popular name of a plant of the genus Cistus, the C. canadensis. A preparation of this plant, made by the Shakers, is used for its astringent and tonic properties. FROTE,t V. t. [St. f rotter.'] To rub. brittle ; Scotch.] FROW, n. An instrument used in split- ting staves for casks. FROW,t a. Brittle; easily Ijroken. FROW YE,t a. [See Fbowy.] Musty, or mossy. [Spenser.] FROWSY,' ( "■ ^^'' Fbo"^v.J FRUe'TIFIEU, pp. Rendered fruitful or productive. FRUe'TUOUSLY, adv. Fruitfully; fertilely. FRUCTUOUSNESS, n. Fruitfulness ; fertility. FRU'GALNESS, n. The quality of being frugal ; frugality. FRUG'GIN, n. [Fr. fourgon.] An oven- fork ; the pole with which the ashes in the oven are stirred. FRyiTE'STERE,t n. [Sax.] A female seller or fruit. [Chaucer.] FRUITING, ppr. Bearing fruit. FRUITING, n. The bearing of fruit. FRtriT'-SHOP, n. A shop where fruit is sold. FRUIT'Y,a. Resembling fruit; fruitful. FRUM'GILD.t n. In law, the first payment made to the kindred of a per- son slain, towards the recompense of his murder. FRUMP.fn. [add.] In modern colloquial usage, a cross-tempered, old-fashioned female. FRUMP ISH,ff. Old-fashioned; cross- grained. [Colloq.] FRUSH, n.[add.] A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter, discharged from the frog of a horse's foot ; also called thrush. FRUTI€'ULOSE, .;. Branching like a small shrub. FRf, n. [add.] A swarm of small ani- mals, &c. ' FU', a. Full. [Scotch.] FUB'BY, a. Plump ; chubby. FUCI'VOROUS,a.LL./«ci«,sea-weed, and voro, to eat.] An epithet applied to animals that subsist on sea- weed. FU'€OID, a. Resembling sea-weed. FUeOID'AL, a. Pertaining to, or re- sembling sea-weeds FUFF, V. t. or i. To puff; to whiff.^As a noun, a puff ; a whift'. [Scotch.] FU'OITIVELY, adv. In a fugitive manner. FyL'-DRIVE,tPP. Fully driven; com- pleted. [Chaucer.] FULFIL', V. t. [add.] To live through; as, to fulfil a hundred years. [Dryden.] FULFILLED, pp. [add.] Completely ailed. [Shah.] FULFIL'LING.ppr. or a [add.] Fil- ling completely ; as, fuljillinij bolts. [Shah.] FUL'GARY,t n. Lightning. FUL'GENTLY, adv. Dazzlingly; glit- teringly. FUL'GORA, n. [L.] The lantern-fly, a genus of homopterous insects, so named because they were supposed to have a power of emitting light in the dark. Modern observers in America and Asia find that these insects have no such power. [See L.\ntern-Flt.] FULGOR'ID^, n. A familyof homop- terous insects, of which the lantern-fly is the type. FUL'HAM.t n. [See Fullam.] i. — SiTPP. FULKE,t n. Folk; people. [Chaucer.] FULL, a. [add.] In marine Ian., a ves- sel's sails, when filled with wind so as to carry her a-head, are said to be full. — Full and by, close-hauled on a wind. FULL'-AGED. a. Being of mature age. FULL'-ARMED,a. Completely armed. FiJLL'-BUTT, adv. With sudden col- lision. [American vulgarism.] FULL'-CHISEL, adv. At full speed. [American vulgarism.] FULL'-DRIVE, aJf. At full speed. FiJLL'-LENGTH, a. Embracing the whole; extending the whole length; as, a. full-length portrait. FULL'-SPLIT, adv. With the greatest violence and impetuosity. [American vulgarism.] FULL'-SWING, n. Full sway; com- plete control. [Colloq.] FUL'LY, adv. [add.] Fully committed, in law, committed to prison for trial, in distinction from being previously de- tained for examination. FUL'SOME, a. [add.] Rich : \inctuous ; as, fulsome wine. [Shak.] FUL'SU.MNESSE,t n. Fulsomeness ; satiety. [Chaucer.] FUMA'RIA, n. Fumitory, a genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Fuma- riaeeie. About twelve species have been enumerated, which are smooth, slender herbs, with small racemose white pm-plish flowers. [See Fiimari- AcR.^, and Fumitory.] FUMAROLE, n. A hole from which smoke issues in a sulphur-mine or vol- cano. FUME, V. t. [add.] To send up as va- pour. FU'MET, 71. [add.] The scent of meat, as venison or game, when kept too long. FC'METERE,t n. The plant fumitory. [Chaucer.] FUMETTE',t "• Fumet. FU'MIDNESS, n. Smokiness. FU'MILY, adv. Smokily. FORMING LIQUOR, n. Instead of " Liberius," read Libavius. [add.] Ca- det's fuming liquor, the same as alcar- sin, or alkarsin. FUM'MEL, n. A hinney or mule. [Lo- cal.] FUMOSITEE,t "■ [Fr.] Fumes arising from excessive drinking. [Chaucer.] FUNAMBULA'TION, n. Rope-danc- ing. FUNA'RIA, n. A genus of mosses hav- ing terminal fruit-stalks, with an in- flated calyptra .ind oblique double peristome. F. hygrometrica is a Bri- tish plant, found by waysides, and espe- cially on spots where a wood-fire has been burning on the ground. It has obtained its specific name from its fruit-stalk having the property of twist- ing in different directions when mois- ture is applied to it. It is found in all parts of the world. There are other two British species. FUNCTION, n. [add.] Vital functions, functions immediately necessary to life, as those of the brain, heart, lungs, &c. — Natural functions, functions less in- stantly necessary to life, as digestion, absorption, assimilation, expulsion, &c. — Animal functions, those which relate to the external world, as the senses,^ voluntary motions, &c — Calculus of functions, in aHfl/;/A-iA*, that brancli which investigates the form of a function, and not its value in any particular case, nur the conditions under which it may have a particular value. — Arbitrary func- tions, functions which may be of any 1/7 form whatsoever, and which are intro- duced in the integration of partial dif- ferential equations. FUNCTUS OFFF'CIO. [L.] Having gone through with an office or duty ; having no longer official power. FUND, n. [add.] Money, the interest or income of which is set apart for the support of some permanent object. FUND'ED, a. Placed in the funds.— Funded debt, that part of the national debt, for the payment of the interest of which certain funds are appropriated. [See FoNDiNO System.] FUND'-HOLDER, n. One who has property in the funds. FUNGA'CE^E, In. Tlie mushroom FUN'GI, ( tribe of cellular or acotyledonous plants. FUN'GAL, n. In bot., a plant allied to the mushroom or toadstool. FUN'GI, n. plur. [L. fungus:] Mush- rooms, toadstools, &c. ; same as Funga- ceae. [See Fungus.] FUNICULUS, n. [L. a little rope, cord, or line.] In bot. [See Funicle.] — In anat., the spermatic cord, consisting of the spermatic artery and vein, &c. FUNK'Y, a. Given to kick, as a horse; easily enraged or put into ill-humour. [Colloq.] FUN'NEL, n. [add.] In steam-shii>s. a cylindrical iron chimney-stalk for tlie boiler-furnaces, or the smoke-tube for the cook's fires. FUNNEL-LIKE, n. Resembling a fun- nel. FUN'NEL-NET, n. A net shaped like a funnel. FUR, n. [add.] A coat or crust formed on tlie interior of vessels by matter de- posited by hard water. — In agri., the space between two rigs ; also, the fur- row made in ploughing. FUR, a. Pertaining to, or made of fur; as, a fur cap. FUR'CULAR, a. Fork-shaped ; a term applied to a bone in a fowl, commonly called the merry-thought. FURFURA'TION, n. The falling of scurf from the head. FU'RIAL,t a. Furious; raging. [Chau- cer.] FUIilO'SO. [It.] In music, furiously; vehemently. FURLOUGH, 71. and v. pron. fur'lo. FUR'MITY, n. See Frumenty. FUR'NITURE, n. [add.] The necessary appendages in various employments or FUR'RIERY, n. [add,] The trade in furs ; dressing of furs. FUR'ROW-SLICE, n. A narrow slice of earth turned up by the plough. FUR'THER, a. [add.] Future; as, a further day. [Addison.] FUR'THERMOST, a. Most remote. FUR'TIVELY, adv. Stealthily. FU'RY-LfJiE, a Raging ; furious ; vio- lent. FURZE'-CIIAT, n. Another name for the whin-chat, so called from the whin or furze generally growing abundantly in the places frequented by the bird. FURZE'-LING, 1 n.Meliz- FURZE'-WREN, >■ ophilus DABT'FORD WARBLER, ) pruvin- cialis, a small bird found in several of tlie southern counties of England. FU'SAROLE,) 71. [It.] In arch., a FU'SAROL, ) moulding generally placed under the echinus or quarter- round of columns in the Doric, Ionic, and Corintliain orders. Its section is that of a semicircle carved into beads. FUS'CINE, K. [L.fuscus.] A browni.sh GADUS GALACTOGOGUES GALLANT matter obtained from empyremnatic animal oil. It is insoluble in water, but dissolved bv alcohol. FUS'€OUS. a. instead of FUSXUS. FUSE, n. (fuze.) A tube filled -nitli com- bustible matter, used in blasting, or in discharging a shell, &c. [See Fcsee.] FUSEE, n. [add.] A match used by smokers. FC'SELOL, n. [Ger.] Oil of potato- spirit ; hydrated oxide of amyle. It is a colourless oily spirit, of a strong and nauseous odour, which produces stupi- fying effects. Its taste is very acrid and nauseous. FD'SIBLE, n. [add.] Rose's fusible alloy, an alloy consisting of two parts by weight of bismuth, with one of lead and one of tin. — Fusible calculus, a variety of urinary concretion consisting of the mixed phosphates of magnesia and ammonia, and of lime. It is so named because it fuses before the blow- pipe. FUSIL, n. [add.] A fusee,— wAicft see. FUSING, n. A subfamily of the tur- nip-shells ^TurbinelUd^e), commonly Itnown by the name of spindle-shells. FUSING, ;)/)r. or a. Melting; liquefy- ing. — Fusing point. [See Point of fu- sion under Fusion.] FU'SION, n. [adi.] Aqueous fusion, same as watery fusion. — Diy fusion, the liquefaction produced in salts by heat after the water of crystallization has been expelled. — Igneous fusion, the melting of anhydrous salts by heat without their undergoing any decom- position. FUS'IO^'LESS. See Fissexless in this Supp. FUSSILY, adv. In a bustling manner. [Familiar.] FUSS'ING, a. Making a fuss ; bustling. FUS'SLE, I', t. See Fuzzle. FUS'TIGATE.t v. t. To beat with a stick ; to cane. FU'TUKIST, 71. One who has regard to the future; one who holds tliat the prophecies of the Bible are yet to be fulfilled. FUTUKI'TIAL, a. Relating to futu- rity; future, \iiar. us.] FUZE, ) n. A short tube made of well- FUSE, I seasoned wood, tilled with combustible matter, and fixed in the bore of a shell, &c., for dischaig- ing it. FUZ'ZT, a. Light and spongy; rough and shaggy. [Craven dialect.] FY, eiclam. [add.] Also used to express surprise. [A'/iaA.] F Y K E, \ n. Bustle ; trouble ; restless- F IKE, ) ness. [&'o(c7i.] FYKE, V. I. [Suio-Goth, fiha.] To be restless ; to he constantly in a state of trivial motion. — As a verb transitive, to give trouble; to vex; to perplex. \ Sent eh ^ FtLDE.i- pp. Feeled; felt. [Spen- ser.] FYLE,t V. t. To file; to smooth; to give polish to. [Spenser.] FYLED,t pp. Kept and filed as papers. [Spenser] FYL FOT, n. A peculicrly-formed cross supposed to have been introduced into Europe, about the 6th century, from India or China, where it was employed as a mystic symbol among religious devotees ; it is often used in decoration and embroidery in the middle ages. FYNE,t a. Fine; thin; taper, as fin- gers. iSpenser.] G. GAB, n. In a steam-engme, the name given to a notch in the eccentric which moves the steam-Talves. This notch is made to fit a pin in a lever called the gah-levevy which lever is fixed ou the rocking-shaft, and communicates the motion of the eccentric to it. GAB'ART, n. See Gabbard. GABBE.f r. i. To gab ; to talk idly ; to lie. \^Chaucei\^ GABELLE', n. [Fr.] In France, a tax, particularly on salt. GABERLUN'ZIE, n. A mendiwint; a poor guest who cannot pay for his en- tertainment. [Scotch.] GAB'-LEVER, «. See Gab in this Supp. GAD, n. [add.] A club; a sceptre; an iron bar. — A sharp-pointed rod or pricking instrument: a goad. Hence, the point of a spear or aiTow-head. [^AaA.] — Upon the gad, upon the spur or impulse of the moment. [Shah.] CADDISH, a. Disposed to gad or wan- der about idly. GAD-FLY, n. [add.] The species of the family Tabanids are also called gad- flies. They are very blood - thii-sty creatures, and have, in their lancet- furnished mouths, an apparatus admir- ably fitted to aid them in getting blood. The species of CEstrus are more gene- rally called bots or botflies. GAD LING, t n. An idle vagabond. [Chaucer.] GAD'LINGS,t ". [From Sax. gad, a goad.] In ancient armour, spikes of ^''' " "ofr^^: steel on the knuckles -s.^^ J^^', of the gloves of mail, ^x ^— ^:^ [;>^v>> GADOID, a. [L. f/a- dus, a cod.] Relating to the cod-fishes. GA'DOIDS, «. Same as Gadii>^,— which see. GAp'RED,t/>/>. Gathered. [Chaucer.] GA'DUS, ?i. Cod-fi'ih, a Linniean genus of malacopterygian fishes, the type of tlie family Gadidae. It includes the common cod, the haddock, whiting, hake, ling, &c. GAE, V. I. To go. — Gae ica\ go away; have done. — Ga*-doer;t, a drinking bout. [Scotch.] GAED, pp. Went. [Scotch.] ^;^'f]^']pi?r. Going. [Scotch.] GAGE,' n. [add.] The depth of water oi a vessel ; also, a vessel's position as to another vessel : when to the windward, she is said to have the weather-gage ; when to the leeward, the lee-gage. GA'IACINE, «. See Guaiacixe. GAlL'ER,t n. A gaoler. [Chaucer.] GAIL'LARD,t a. [Fr.] Brisk; gay. [See Galliard.] [Chaucer.] GAILLIARDE", n. (gal'yard.) [It.] A lively Italian dance. Gain TNG, ppr. Obtaining by indus- try or activity ; reaching; winning. GAIN'INGS, n. plur. Acquisitions made by labour, industry, or successful en- terprise. GAIN'- PAIN, n. [Fr. gaigne-paine, bread-earner.] A name applied in the middle ages to the sword of a hired soldier. GaIR'-FOWL, n. A large fowl ; the auk or pentjuin. GAIS'LING, n. A gosling. [Scotch.] GAIT, H. A goat. [Scotch.] GAIT EK, n. [add.] Akind of shoe,con- sisting chiefly of cloth, and covering the ankles. GAlT'RE-BERIES,t »• phtr. [Sax,] The berries of the dog-wood tree {Cor- nus fcemina). CFTT * I "■ '^ child; a brat. [5co?cA.] GALA€'TIA,n. [From Gr.y«Xx,Diilk.] A morbid flow or deficiency of milk. GALA€'TI€ ACID, n. Same as Lac- tic Acid, — 2chich see. GALAG'TINE, n. Same as Lactine,— which see. GALACTOGOGUES, n. [Gr. >«x«, 178 >.«Xa«r5,-, milk, and ayv, to induce.] Medicines which promote the secretion of milk in the breast, GALAGTOMETER. Misplaced: see after Galactite. GALA€TOPH' AGIST, ??. instead of GALA€T0PH'06IST. GALAGTOPH'AGOUS, a. Feeding on milk. G-ALA€TOPOIET'I€, a. or n. [Gr. ya>.a. and T«jfa», to produce.] A term ap- plied to substances which increase the flow of milk. GALA'GO, n. A genus of quadruman- ous mammalia, found in Africa. The species, which are nocturnal in their habits, have long hindlegs and large eyes. They live in trees, and are sought after as food in Africa. [See Gcsi- Animal in this Supp.] GA'LANE BUTTER, n. A solid oil or fat obtained from a plant of the genus Bassia, the B. butyracea. GALANTINE, n. [Fr.] A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. GAL'BULA, n. The jacamars, a genus of South American birds, allied to the king-fishers. The species are clothed with brilliant green feathers. GAL'BULUS, n. In bot., a kind of cone, as the fruit of the juniper GALE, H. [Sax. gavel, a rent, or duty.] A periodical payment of rent, duty, or custom ; an instalment of money. G.ALE,t r. i. [Sax.] To sing; to cry; to croak. [ Chaucer.] GALILEAN TELESGOPE, n. The refracting telescope, invented by Ga- lileo. The eye-glass is concave instead of convex. [See Telescope.] GALIONGEE, n. A Turkish sailor, [Bt/ron.] GALL, V. t. [add.] In dyeing, to im- pregnate with a decoction of gall-nuts. GALLANT', a. Inclined to courtship ; GALVANIZED IRON GAMING-HOUSE GARBLE attentive to females ; possessed of gal- lantry. GALLANT'LY, flrfu. With the atten- tion of a gentleman devoted to a lady ; like a suitor, or wooer. GALL'-DUfTS, n. In anat, ducts which serve to convey the bile ; as, the cystic duct, tlie hepatic duct, and the ductus communis choledochus. GAL'LIASS, w. A heavy low-built ves- sel with two masts, and having both sails*and oars. [Shah.] GAL'LICiSE, V. t. To conform to the French language or idiom ; to Frenchify. GALLINA'CEiE, n. An order of birds in the arrangement of Cuvier, answer- ing to the Gallinae of Linn. [See GaXLINjE.] GALLINA'CEAN,n. Oneof the family of birds which includes the common hen. GALLINA'ZO, n. Vultures of the genus Cathartes are so called in South America. They have a dark plumage, and are encouraged and protected by the magistrates of cities on account of their services as scavengers. \_See TORKEY-BUZZABD.] GALL'-INSE€TS, n. Coccidie, a family of homopterous insects. [See Gaxlin- SECTA.} GALLIN'TJLA, n. A subgenus of birds belonging to the family KaUidse. \_See Gallinule.] GAL'LINULE,n. [add.] The gallinules now form a subgenus (Gallinulaj of water-rails, being separated from the Fulica of Linn,, which latter term is restricted to the coots proper. Tlie common gallinule {Gallinula chloropus) is well known by the names of water- hen and moor-hen. — [In Did. for " Fullica, " read Fulica ; and for "grallic," read grallatorial. GALLIP'OLI OIL, n. An inferior kind of olive-oil, brought from Gallipoli, in the kingdom of Naples. GAL'LIVAT, H. [add.] In India, a large galley. GAL LIWASP, n. A reptile of the saurian order, the Celesius occiduus. It is about two feet in length, and its whole appearance is remarkably stout and plump. It is a native of the West Indies, and seems to be particularly common in Jamaica, where it is much di-eaded and abhorred by the inhabi- tants, though without reason. GALL-NUTS,) n. Excrescences found GALLS, 3 upon the leaves and leaf-stalks of the Quercus infectoria, and other species of oak. [See Gall.] GALL'-OAK, 71. The oak which pro- duces galls, the Quercus infectoria. GALLOPADE', V. i. To gallop; to move about briskly ; to perform the dance called a gallopade. GAL'LOWSES, n. plur. Suspenders to keep up pantaloons or breeches. GALLOWS-STANCHIONS, n. Gal- lows-bits, — which see. GALLOWS-TOP, n. In ships, a cross- piece of timber tenoned on to the top of the gallows-bits. GALLS, n. plur. Wounds or excoria- tions produced in horses by the friction of harness. GALLY-GAS'€OYNES, n. 5cc Gal- LIGASKINS. GALPE,t V. i. [Sax.] To gape 5 to yawn. [Chaiicer.'] GALPTNG,t PV^- Gaping; yawning. [Chaucer.] GAL'VAMZED IRON, n. A name given to sheets of iron which are tirst dipped into melted zinc, and then into Q,uiit*d Gambeson ol the 15th century. melted tin, and are thus prepared by the supposed galvanic action of these metals, to resist oxidation from mois- ture. GALVA'NO-MAGNE'Tie, a. Same as Electro-Magnetic. GALVA'NOSeOPE, n. [Galvanism, and Gr. trxcnof, to examine.] An instru- ment for detecting the existence and direction of an electric current. A magnetic needle is a galvanoscope. GAL'WES,t n. [Sax.] The gallows. {Chaucer.] GA'MA-GRASS, n. The Tripsacuni dactyloides of botanists, which is a tall, stout, and exceedingly productive grass of Mexico, said to admit of being cut six times in a season. GAMASH ES,t n. High boots, bus- kins, or startups. GAMB'ESON, n. [Said to be from Sax. wambe, the abdo- men.] A quilted tu- nie,said to be of Ger- man origin, stuffed with wool, fittingthe body, and worn un- der the habergeon. Being strong enough to resist ordinary cuts, it was fre- quently worn with- out other armour. GAM'BET. See TOTANUS. GAM'BIR, n. See Gambeer, and Uncaria. GAM'BIR PLANT, n. A plant of the genus Uncaria, the 17. gambir, which is one of the most powerful of pure astringents, and yields the gambir or gambeer of commerce. GAM'BISON, n. See Gambeson in this Supp. GAM'BIT, n. [add.] This term is ap- plied to a game in chess, which is begun by moving the king's or queen's pawn two squares, with the intention of moving the adjoining bishop's pawn two squares also, thus leaving the first moved, or (/ambit pawn, undefended. GAMBO'OlAN, a. Pertaining to gam- boge. GAMBO'6ie ACID, n. An acid ob- tained from the pure gum-resin gam- boge. GAM'BOLLING, ppr. instead of GAMBOLING. GAM'BREL, n. [add.] A stick crooked like a horse's leg, used by butchers. GAME, n. [add.] Birds and beasts ob- tained by fowling and hunting. As the law stands at present, f/ame includes hares, pheasants, partridges, grouse, heath or moor game, black game, and bustards. GAME-LAWS, n. A system of positive regulations introduced and confirmed by statute, for the preservation of those animals which constitute game. [See Game in this Sttpp.] These laws de- termine what birds and beasts are to be considered game, and impose penal- ties on those who unla\\-fully kill or destroy them. Any person who pur- chases a certificate or license may kill game upon his own land, or on the land of any other person with his permission. By a recent act, farmers may kill hares on their own farms by obtaining leave from the proprietor. GAM'lNG-HOUSE,n. [add.] All gam- ing-houses are regarded as nuisances at common-law, and those who keep them are liable at common-law(independently 179 of statutory provisions) to be indicted and punished by fine and imprisonment at discretion. GAMMARl'D^, n. The sand-hoppers, a family of amphipodous crustaceans, of which the genus Gammarus is the type. GAM'MON, n. [add.] An imposition or hoax. GAM'MONING, n. [add.] Serew-gam- moning, a chain or plate fastened by means of a screw, used in some vessels for convenience in tracing up the bow- sprit when required. GAMMON-SHACKLES, n. In ships, a ring to which the gammoning is made fast ; it is formed on the end of an iron plate bolted to the stern, called the gammon-plate. GANE, pp. Gone. [Scotch.] GAN'GA, n. A genus of gallinaceous birds allied to the ptarmigan, and found in the sandy parts of South Europe, Asia, and Africa. They have a pointed tail, and long pointed wings. They form the genus Pterocles of naturalists. GANG'-BOARD, n. [add.] A term ap- pUed to planks placed within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk or stand on. GANG'-CASKS, n. Small casks used for bringing water aboard ships in boats. GAN(jE, n. In Egypt, the kind of boat used for conveying passengers up the Nile. It is usually tracked by men. GAN'GLION, n. [add. J In anat., a healthy and natural enlargement oc- curring somewhere in the course of a nerve. There are two systems of nerves which have ganglions upon them. First, those of common sensation, whose gang- lions are near to the origin of the nerve in the spinal cord. Secondly, the great sympathetic nerve, which has various ganglions on various parts of it. — In surg., an encysted tumour, situated somewhere on a tendon, formed by the elevation of the sheath of the ten- don, and the effusion of a viscid fluid into it. GANGRiE'NA, n. [L.] A gangrene.— Gangrtena oris, canker of the mouth, a disease that affects or destroys the cheeks or gums in infants. GANG'REL, n. A child beginning to walk; a vagrant. [Scotch.] GAN'GRENE, n. [add.] The first sta2;e of mortification. It is divided into hot, cold, humid, and dry gangrene. — In bot., a disease ending in putrid decay. GAN'NET, n. [add.] For "Pelecanus," read of the family Pelecanida?, and genus Sula. [See Solan-Goose.J GAN'TRY, n. A frame of wood on which barrels are placed. (:iAOL'-DELIVERY,H. [add.] A com- mission to the judges, &c., of assizes, empowering them to try and deliver every prisoner who may be in gaol when tiiey arrive at the circuit town, when- ever, or before whomsoever indicted, or for whatever crime committed. 6aOL'ER, instead of GAOLER. GaPE, n. [add.] In zooL, the width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, kc.—The gapes, a disease of young poultry attended with much gaping. GAR'ANCINE, n. An extract of mad- der by means of sulphuric acid, pre- pared in France. GAR'AVANCES, ) n. A kind of foreign CAL'AVANCES, / pulse resembling dried pease. GaR'BLE, v. t [add.] In present usage, to pick out or separate such parts from GAROOKUH GAS GASTEKOSTEUS a whole as may serve a purpose ; as, to garble a quotation. GARBLED,7>i>. ora. [add.] Culled out to serve a purpose, as in making quo- tations. GaR'BLEK, n. [add.] The garbler of spices, in London, in former times, might enter into any shop, warehouse, &c., to view and search drngs and spices, and garble and make clean the same, or see that it was done. — 2. One who culls out or selects to serve a pur- pose, as in making quotations. G.'iRDE'BKACE,! n. [Fr.] Armour for the arm. [Chaticcr.'\ GJCRDE'-BRAS, h. [Er. arm-guard.] An additional piece of armoiu*, fiistened to the elbow-plates, and covering the elbow and upper part of the arm ; used in the loth centurv. GAR'DEN,rt. Pertaining to, or (j,,rd^i.ni>. produced in a garden; as, aarden implements, &c. GaR'DEX-FLO"\VER, rj. A cultivated flower, particularly if showy. Garden-pump, )«. a mauhine GAR'DEN-ENGlNE, f for artificially irrigating gardens, kv. GAR'DON, n. Guerdon. [Skah.\ GaRDYLOO". [Fr. gardez Veau.] Save yoiu'selves from the water. [^Scotch.^ GAR'GANEY, w. A species of duck, the Anas qiterquedida. It is often found in this country in the winter. GAR'GATE,t \n. [Fr.] The throat. GXR'GET,t J [Chaucer.] GXR'GET, n. [add.] A disease in the udders of cows arising from inflamma- tiou of the lymphatic glands; also, a distemper in hogs. GAR'ISON,t «. Healing; recovery. [^Chaucer J] GAR'ISOUN.f V. t. To heal. [Chaucer.l GXR'LAND, n. [add.] A large rope, strap, or gromet lashed to a spar when hoisting it on board of a vessel. GaR'LICKY, a. Like or containing garlic. GAR'MENTED, a. Covered with a gar- ment. GAR'NEMENT,t n. [Fr.] A garment. [Cha^^cer.'] GARNET-BLENDE, n. Zinc-blende, a sulphuret of zinc. [See Zinc] GAR^NISH, v. t. [add.] In cookery, to embellish with something round a dish. GAR'NISH, n. [add.] Money paid by a prisoner on his going to prison, now illegal. — Warning an heir, now re- pealed. — In cookert/, something round a dish as an embellishment. GARNISHEE', 71. [add.] In laic, a person warned not to pay money wliich he owes to another person, which per- son is indebted to tlie person warning or giving notice. GARNISHMENT, n. [add.] In lair, warning not to pay money, &c., to a defendant, but to appear and answer to a plaintitf creditor's suit. GXR'NISON,t U. [Fr.] A guard or GAR'NESON,! j garrison. For tliu3 saylli TuUius, that ther is .i man. r garheson, Ihut no niuii may vanquish ne dis- comfits, aud that is a Lord to be belovtd of Ills citi^eiiis and of liis pe|ile. Chaucer, Tide of Mefibfus. GAROO" KUH, 71. A vessel met with in the Persian Gulf, and trading often as far as the Malabar coast. In length it varies from 50 to 100 feet, and is re- markable for the keel being only one- third the length of the boat. Though well formed it does not equal the bag- gala ; it sails well, but carries only a Garookuh of the Persian Gulf. small cargo, and is more suitable for tishing than for trading purposes. GAR'-PIKE,n. A British sea-tish with a long snout, belonging to the family Esocidie. It is the Belone vulgaris of naturalists. The bones of this fish, when boiled, turn gi'een. GAR'RD,p/). Made; compelled; caused. [Scotch.'] GARRE,t I', t. See Gab. [Spenser.] GAR'RONS,t H. plur. [See Garran.J Hackney-horses. [Speiixer.] GAR ROT, n. Clangula, a genus of the duck family, widely distributed over the temperate regions of Europe and America. The golden-eyed garrot (C. chri/sophthalmus) is a common species in Britain. GARROTE. i>.f. To strangle. GARROTE', fi. [Sp.] A mode of pun- ishment in Spain by strangulation, the victim being placed on a stoul with a post or stake (Sp. garrote) behind, to which is affixed an iron collar with a screw ; this collar is made to clasp the neck of the criminal, and drawn tighter by means of the screw, till life becomes extinct. GAR'RULOUSNESS,n. Talkativeness. GAR'RULUS, n. A genus of birds of the crow family, containing the jays. Various species are found in North America, and the mountainous parts of Asia. Our common jay is the Gar- iidiis glandarius, GAR'RYA, H. A genus of plants, being the only genus of the nat. order Gar- ryaceie. The species are shrubs, natives of California, jNIexico, and Jamaica. Only two species have been introduced into this country, very ornamental plants, viz., G. elUptica, which during the season of blossoming presents a striking and beautiful appearance, with its delicate pendulous catkins ; and G. laurifolia, which is an evergreen shrub or low tree, growing on the mountains of Mexico. Some other species have been recognized by various botanists. GARRYA'CEiE, ». [add.j [See Gar- RYA in this Supp.] GAR'VIE, \n. The name GAR'VIE-HERRING, / in Scotland for the C'lupea sprattus. GAS, n. [add.] Portable gas, coal-gas, which, after its manufacture, is com- pressed by a condensing apparatus into strong vessels, prepared to receive it. These vessels being portable, the gas may thus be used where required, at any distance from the gas-manufactory. — Liqin faction of gases j\.\\e conversion of gaseous svibstances into liquids. This has been effected by Mr. Faraday ISO GAS'EFY. GASEITY in several gases, by combining the con- densing powers of mechanical compres- sion with that of very considerable de- pression of temperature. GAS'-APPARA'TUS,H. Thewholeap- paratus necessary for the manufacture of gas as used for illumina- tion. GASeONAD'ER, in- stead of GAS'CON- ADER. GAS'CROMB,n.[Gael. cas crom.] A long nar- row spade, with a pro- jecting foot-piece, used in the Highlands for digging in stony ground, when no other instru- ment can be introduced. [Sir W. ScoU.] GASEFIGATION. See Gasification. See Gasify. n. The state of being ga- seous ; nature of gas. GAS'-GOV'ERNOR, n. A kind of gas- meter adopted in gas-works, for equali- zing the pressure of gas previous to its issuing from the gasometer, for the supply of light, and for preventing in- equalities of pressure arising from put- ting out lights at different periods of the niglit. GASH, n. Prattle; chatter; gossip. [Scotch.] GASH, a. Sharp; shrewd; sagacious; having the appearance of sagacity joined with that of self-importance; trim ; well-dressed. [Scotch.] GASLFICA'TION, instead of GASI- FICATION. GAS'-ILLUMINA'TION,n. The light- ing of cities, houses, &c., with gas. GAS'-JARS, n. Glass jars for holding the gases during the progress of che- mical experiments. GAS'KET, 11. [add.] The platted hemp used for packing the piston of the steam-engine and its pumps. GAS'-LIQUOR, n. The liquid remain- ing in the various parts of the appara- tus of gas-works, after the manufacture of gas. GAS'-MaINS, «. The principal pipes which convey the gas from the gas- works to the places where it is to be consumed. Gasp, v. t. [add.] To utter with the mouth wide open, and with vehemence; as, to gasp out eloquence. [Shak.] GXSP'ING, n. The opening of the mouth to catch breatli. — Figuratively^ strong aspiration or desire. GAS'-PURIFIER, n. A vessel into which the coal-gas enters from the re- torts, after passing through the vessel of cold water into which it first enters. GAS'-REftlSTER, n. A simple instru- ment for indicating and registering the impurities of coal-gas, and also the times when they occur. GAS-RETORT, n. A vessel used for holding the coal or other material of which gas of any kind is to be made. GAS'SY, a. Relating to, or containing gas; gaseous; inflated; exhilarated. GAS'TEIi, ». [Or. y^^a^r.^.] The Greek term for the belly or stomach, used as a pretix in various terms. GASTEROPODA,) w. A class of GAS'TEROPODS, ) molluscous ani- mals. [See Gastropods.] GASTEROP ODOUS, a. instead of GASTEROPODA. G ASTEROSTEUS, n. [Gr. y^s^r.^, and GATUEKING-PEAT GAVELKIND GEAR co-7101, u bone.] Stickle-back, a Lin- n^ean genus of acanthopterygiuus fishes, tlie species of which are remark- able among i5sli for forming a kind of nest. [See Stickle-B.\ck.] GASTKIL'OQUOUS, a. Ventriloqu- ous. [Rar. m*.] GAS'TRO-BRAN'€HUS, n. [Gr. y^^. tr,;, and .^fxyxix, gills.] The hag, a subgenus of cartilaginous fishes, be- longing to the lamprey family. It is also called Myxine. GAS-TRO-eHiE NA, h. [Gr. >-«>i^!i. the leg.] In anal., a nmscle which principally forms the calf or belly of the leg. GASTRODYN'IA, n. [Gr. yam',, and o5i;v»j, pain.] Pain in the stomach. GAS'TRO-ENTERI'TIS, n. [Gr. ■y^r- ry,^, and j^TE^ay, an intestine.] Inflam- niation of the stomach and intestines. GAS'TRO-MALA'CIA, n. [Gr. }.«fT„;, and /jLettxio!, soft.] Softening of the stomach, a disease occurring in infants. GAS'TKOJMANCY,),. [add.] A species of divination by means of glasses, or other round transparent vessels, in the centre of which figures appear by magic GAS'TROJNOAIE, )n. One who loves GASTRON'OMER, ] good living; an epicure. GASTRONOM I€, \u. Pertaining GASTRONOMIGAL, \ to gastrono- my. GASTRON'OMIST, n. [add.] A judge of the art of cookery. GASTRON'OMY, n. [add.] The ait or science of good living; the pleasures of the table ; epicurism. GASTROPODA,/!. See Gastropods. GAS'TRO-RAPHE, n. [Gr. j-ao-rr., and fBt^v, a suture.] A suture uniting a wound of the belly or of some of its contents. GASTROS'€OPY, ii. [Gr. 5-«. i. To yawn. [Scotch. I GAUN'TREES, or GAN'TREES, n. Trams, or wooden frames on which casks in a cellai* are placed. [Scotch.] GAURE,t V. t. or i. [Scot, goif, goave, or goup.] To stare ; to look vacantly. [Chaucer.] GAVELKIND, n. [add.] Thechief dis- tinguishing properties of this tenure are, that upon the death of the owner without a will, the land descends to all the sons in equal shares, and the issue of a deceased son, whether male or female, inherit his i»art ; in default of sons, the land descends in equal shares to tile daughters; in default of lineal heirs, the land goes to the brothers of the last holder ; and in default of bro- thers, to their respective issue. The tenant, also, can convey the lands at fifteen years of age, and a wife is 181 curved deck, in consti'uction somew hat resembling a Chinese junk, and carry- ing heavy cargoes from Cambodia to the Gulf of Tonquin. 6AY'LER,t n. A gaoler. [Chaucer.] GAY'-YOU,n. A narrow, flat-bottomed fishing -boat, having an out -rigger, much used in Anam. It has two and sometimes three masts, and is usually Guy-joa of Anam. covered in the middle by a movable roof; the helm is peculiar, resembling that used in China. GAZZA'TUM, w. A fine species of silk or linen stuff of the gauze kind, which is thought to have received its name from the city of Gaza, in Palestine, where it was manufactured. It is mentioned by writers in the 13tli cen- tury. GE'ANT.t n. A giant. [Chaucer.] GEAR, n. [add.] Among seamen, the ropes, blocks, &c.. belonging to any particular sail or spar ; as, the mainsail- gear, the fore-topmast-gear. — Running- gear, the running rigsins.— Pump-gear, GENERAL GEXIO GENTRICE windlass-gear^ &c., all the articles be- longing to the pumps, windlass, \-c. In mat:hin.,i\ieia^neasgearing,—%chkhsee.' GEARE.t t>. t. or t. To jeer. [Spenser.'] GEAR IXG,) n. [add.] To throw ma- GEAR, J chinery into, or out of gear, to connect or disconnect wheel- work or couplin!?3. GECK, i>. i. or t. To sport; to be play- ful; to mock; to deride; to toss the head with disdain. [ScotcJi.] GED, 1 n. The name of the pike in GEDD, ) Scotland. GEER, n. See Geak. GE'IXE, I n. [Gr. ^, the earth.] 6E'ie ACID.) Another name for HcMCS, — irhich see, GEIZ EX, \v. I. To become leaky for GIZ'ZEN, ) want of moisture, as a tub or barrel ; to wither ; to fade. [Scotch.] (iELATKi'EXOrS, a. [GelaHne, and Gr. yii.isi to produce] Producing or yielding gelatine.— Gelatigenous tissues, animal tissues which yield to boiling water gelatine. They are chiefly found in the cellular membrane, the skin, the tendons, ligaments, bones, cartilages, &c. (iEL'ATIXES, n. The name given by Kirby to the Acalepha; of Curier, from the gelatinous consistency of their bodies. GELAT'IXOUS, a. See Gelatine, a. GELD .A.BI.E, a. That may be gelded. — In law, liable to pay taxes. GELT, n. A brat. [Scotch.] GEM'-ENGR.WIXG, ) n. See Gem- GEM'-S€ULP TURE,) Sculpture. 6EMITO RES, n. [From L. gemo, to coo.] By some naturalists the pigeons are airanged in an order by themselves, with this name. p.] GEN TLEMEN-PEN'SIONERS, n. A band of forty gentlemen, entitled es- quires, whose otlice it is to attend the sovereign's person to and from the chapel-royal, and on other occasions of solemnity, 'fhey are now called gentle- men-at-arms. GENTLES, n. Gentle-folks. [Sco(cA.] GEN'TLESSE.t «• The behaviour of a gentleman. [Spenser.] GEN TRICE, n. Gentility; good de- scent. [Scotch.] GERMAN GIBBET GILLENIA OEN'TY, a. Neat; trim; elegantly formed. [Scotch.] GE'NUS, n. [add.] In %iV, a predic- able which is considered as the mate- rial part of the species of which it is aftirmed. — Subaltern genus, that which is capable of being a species in respect of a higher genus. — Summum fjenus, the highest genus; a genus which is not considered a species of anything. 6E0CEN'TRI€AL, a. Same as Geocentric. 6E0pEN'TRieALLy, adv. In a geo- centric manner. 6E0€0R'ISA, n. The land-bugs, a section of heteropterous insects. OEODETIGALLY, adv. In a geode- tical manner. GEOGEN'IG, a. Same as Geogonic. 6E0GN0S'T1€AL, a. Same as Geognostic. GEOGON'ICAL, a. Same as Geo- gonic. GE0L'06ER, n. A geologist. 6E(>L0'61AN, 11. A geologist. GEOLOci'IGALLY, adv. In a geolo- gical manner. GEOMAN'TIGAL, a. Geomantic. 6E0MET'RI€, \a. [add.] Geomet- 6E0MET'RI€AL, f rical construe- Hon, the representation of a proposi- tion by geometrical lines. — Geometrical curves, or geometrical lines, those in which the relation between the ab- scissa and ordinates is expressed by a finite algebraical equation. — Geometri- cal locus. [See Locus.] <5E0M'ETRY, n. [add. J Bi/ fjeomeiru, with nice or curious contrivance. EST,t 7(. Gesture. 6ESTA'T10N, n. [add.] Extra-uterine gestation, a case of pregnancy in which the fetus is contained in some organ exterior to the uterus, as when it is lodged in the abdomen, the ovarium, or in the fallopian tubes. OESTI€'ULATING,?>77r. Making ges- tures, as in speaking. GEST'OIJR,! n. A relater of gests or adventures. [Chaucer.] 6ES'TURAL, «. Pertaining to gesture. GET,t n. [Fr. gette.] Fashion; beha- viour. [Chaucer.] GETHE,t for Goeth. [Chaucer.] GEY, adv. Pretty ; moderately. [See Gay in this Supp.] [Scotch.] GHAIST, n. A ghost. [Scotch.] GHEE, n. In the East Indies, the but- ter made from the milk of the buf- falo, clarified by boiling, and thus con- verted into a kind of oil. GHEESE,tu. 2. To guess; to think; to imagine. [Spenser.] GHIB'ELLINE, n. See Gibelline. GHOHO NA-GRASS, n. An Indian grass, supposed to be the same as tho Ilureek- grass, — which see in this Supp. GHOLE, I 71. An imaginary demon GHOUL,/ among eastern nations, who was supposed to prey on human bodies. GHOSTaY,a. [add.) Solemn; gloomy; such as may be fancied a fit haunt fur ghosts; as, ghostli/ hu.]\s. [Thonison.] GHOST'-MOTH, n. A nocturnal lepi- dopterous insect (Hepialus humuli), so called from the male being of a white colour, and from its habit of hovering with a pendulum-like motion in the twilight over one spot (often in church- yards), wliere i\\e female is concealed. 61 ANT PUFF-BALL, n. A plant, the Lycoperdon giganteum, which, when dry, stanches slight wounds. 6IB'BET, n. [add.] A gibbet, properiy so called, consists of one perpendicular post, with a horizontal arm projecting from the top on one side ; except it be a double gibbet, which has the form of the letter T. Hence a gibbet differs IS3 from a common gallows, which is a beam placed on the top of one or two perpendicular posts. GIB'BLE-GAB'BLE, n. Foolish talk; prate ; nonsense ; fustian language. GIB'BON, n. The long-armed ape {Hylobates lar.), which inhabits the islands of the Indian Archipelago. It is distinguished from other quadru- manous animals by the slenderness of its form, but more particularly by the extraordinary length of its arms. All the species of Hylobates are called gib- bons. [See Ape.] ^IB-BOOM, n. See Jib-Boom. 6IBE, ) ^ o T - ^u- o GYBE ( ^' ^^ JiCE m this Supp, CIB'LET, a. Made of giblets; as, a gibJet pie. 6lBS, n. Pieces of iron employed to clasp together the pieces of wood or iron of a framing which is to be keyed, previous to inserting the keys. GID', n. [Contracted from Giddiness.] A disease in sheep. GIE, V. t. [pret. Gied; pp. Gien.] To give. [Scotch.] GIFF -GAFF, n. Mutual giving and taking; mutual obligation ; tit for tat. [Scotch.] GIFT, n. [add.] In common-law, a vo- luntary conveyance, not founded on the consideration of money or of blood; applied to things movable and immov- able ; yet, as to things immovable, when strictly taken, it is applicable only to lands and tenements given in tail. GIG, n. [add.] A long narrow rowing- boat, very lightly built, adapted for racing. — Also, a ship's boat suited for rowing expeditiously, and generally furnished with sails. — Gigs or gig- machines, rotatory cylinders covered with wire teeth for teazling woollen cloth. 6lGAN'Tie, instead of GIGAN'TIG. GIGAN TIGALLY, adv. In a gigantic manner. 6lGAN'TieNESS, n. The quality of being gigantic. [Rar. us.] GlGGES,t 7i.7J?Mr. ['Er.gigue.] Irregular sounds produced by the wind, &c. [Chaucer.] GIGGLING, 11. The act of laughing with short catches ; the act of titter- ing. GIG'GLING, 2?;>r. or a. Laughing with short catches; tittering. GIG'-MACHINES, n. See Gig in this Su2?p. GlG'OT, n. [add.] In cookery, a leg of mutton. GILD, n. [add.] A tax, tribute, or con- tribution ; a society or fraternity con- stituted for mutual protection and bene- fit. [See Guild.] GILD, V. t. [add. J To enrich; as, to gild one's self witli ducats. [Shah.] GILD'-ALE, 7(. A di-inking bout in which each one pays an equal share. GILD'A MERCATO'RIA. [L.] A mercantile meeting or assembly. GIL'-HOOTER, n. A name applied to the screech-owl. GILLAROO', n. A variety of the com- mon trout, found in Galway and other parts of Ireland. In this variety the coats of the storaacli become thick, like the gizzards of birds, from feeding on shell-fish. GILLENIA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Rosaceee. There are two species, G. irifoliata, a native of North America, of which the root is emetic, possessing properties similar to those of ipecacu- anha ; and G. stipulacea, also a native GINNING GLACIAX GLASS of North America, and possessing pro- perties similar to those of the former. GIL'LET, n. A woman in ludicrous style. GILL'-FLIRT, n. A sportive or wanton girl ; also written Jill-flirt. 6lL'LIAN,t "• A girl. GIL 'LIE, n. In the Highlands, a man- servant; a serf; a boy. — Gillie white- foot, or gillie wet-foot, a running foot- man who had to carry his master over brooks and watery places in travelling. [Scotch.] GILLS, n. In bot., the lamell.-e or plates growing perpendicularly from the cap or pileus of an agaric. GILLS, n. GulUes. [5co(c/i.] OJILLTVORS, n. GillvBowers. [Shah.] GIL'OUK.t n. [See Giileb.] A de- ceiver. [Chaucer.] GILP'Y, H. A young frolicsome fellow ; a roguish boy ; a lively young girl. [Scotch.] GILRAV'A6E, n. A tuiuult; a noi-sy frolic, pai'ticularly among young people; depredation; great disorder. [5cotcA.] GILRAV'AGING, n. Riotous and wasteful conduct at a merry-meet- ing ; depredation ; a plundering. [Scotch.] GlLT.t «• Guilt. [Chaucer.] GILT'-HEAD, n. [add.] The fish so called in the British Islands is the Chrt/sophri/s aurata. The golden- ^^-rasse {Crenilabrus ineloi^s) is also sometimes so called. GILT'IF,t a. GuUty. [Chaucer.] Glil'MAL, H. [add.] Joined work whose parts move within each other, as a bridle-bit or interlocked rings; a quaint piece of machinery. GI-M'MAL-BIT, H. The double bit of a bridle. [Shak.] (i I.MP.t a. Neat ; spruce ; trim. GIMP, tj. t. To jag; to indent; to den- ticulate. 6IN, n. [add.] A machine employed in- stead of a crane, chiefly for raising guns, howitzers, &c., on their carriages. It consists of three poles from twelve to fifteen feet in length, and tapering from the lower e.vtremity to the top. These ai'e furnished with block and tackle, and united together at their upper extre- mities, the lower extremities being planted in the ground about eight or nine feet asunder. GIN, conj. If; suppose. [Scotch.] GING, n. A gang; a body of persons acting together. [5/iaA.] GIN'OERBREAD-WOIIK, n. Work cut or carved in various fanciful shapes, as an ornament to buildings, &c. GlN'GER-GKXSS, ) n. The Andropo- KOSH'EL, 3 Don nardus, an aromatic Indian grass. (SIX GER-POP, n. Same as Gisger- Beeh. Gin GER-WINE, ». a sort of wine impregnated T^-ith ginger. Gin Giber, t n. Zlnziber or ginger. I Chaucer.] GlX'-HOKSE, p. An engine-horse; a mill horse. GIN'-HOUSE, n. A building where cotton is ginned. GINNE,t V. t. [Sax.] To begin. [Chau- cer.] GINNED, pp. [add.] Cleared of its seeds, as cotton. GiN'NING, n. The act or process of separating cotton from its seeds by means of an apparatus called a cotton- .gin. GINNING, pi)r. [add.j Clearing cotton of its seeds. GIN'-PAL.VCE, ) n. A shop or house GIN-SHOP, ( where gin is re- tailed ; a dram-shop. GlP'CIERE,tn. [Fr.] A pouch orpurse. [(."haucer.] GiPEjf 7t. [Fr.] An upper frock or cas- sock. [Chaucer.] GIP'ON,t n. [Fr. juppon, or gippon.] A tight-fitting vest; a short cassock. [Chaucer.] GIP'SIRE, n. A kind of pouch or purse formerly worn at the girdle. GIP'SY, a. Pertaining to the gipsies. GIPSY-MOTH, n. The Hypogymna dispar of naturalists, a moth, the sexes of which differ much in appearance. GlR.\FFE',n. [add.] The derivation of this word more commonly given is the name of the giraft'e in Arabic (serapha, an angel, or seraph). GIRD, J!, [add.] A sneer; a gibe. GIRDE.t f. '. [Sax.] To sti-ike ; to smite. [Chaucer.] GIRD'ELSTEDE,t " [Sax.] The waist; the place of the girdle. [CAaucer.J GIR'LONDS.t ". plur. Guardians [Spenser.] GIRN, ) c. i. To grin ; to snarl ; to be GERNjI crabbed or peevish. His face was vgly und liis couDteaance slrine, Tliat could liaue fraid one with the very siglit, And gaped like a gulfe whea he did genie, Th it whether man or nionsTer oue could scarce discerne, Spenser, Faerie ^iieene. GIRN "EL, ) n. A granarv ; a meal-chest. GIRN'AL,) [AcoWi.] GIRN'ING, ppr. Grinning. ^Scotch.] GIRONDISTS,) n. A celebrated po- GIRONDINS, ) litical party during the first French revolution. They formed a section of the second national assembly, and their leaders.represented the department of La Gironde (Bour- deaux), hence tlie name. GIRT, )n. [add.] To slip the girths, to GIRTH, ( tumble down like a pack- horse's burden when the girths give way. [5cofcA.] GIRT,t J'P. ofGirde. Smitten.— Thurgh- girt, smitten through. [Ctiaucer.] GIRT, pp. In marine Ian., the situation of a vessel when her cables are too taut ; or, when riding with two anchors out, a change of wind or tide causes her to swing round. GlS'ARM,t '!• [Fr. guisarme.] A battle- axe; a hand-axe. [Chaucer.] GISE.t n. Guise; fashion. [Chaucer.] GITE, n. (jet.) [Fr.] A place where one sleeps, lodges, or reposes. GiTE.t n. [Fr.] A gown. [Chaucer.] GlUSTS,t n. plur. Jousts or tourna- ments. [Spenser.] GIVE, V. t. [add.] To give chase, to pur- sue. — To give one the bag, to discard or dismiss him. [Colloq.]—To give it to one, to rate, scold, or beat him severely. [Provincial.] GLA'CIAL, a. [add.] Glacial acid, the strongest acetic acid which can be pro- cured. It exists in a crystallized state under .50° Fahrenheit. — Glacial pheno- tnena, the phenomena which accompany glaciers. — Glacial theories, theories formed respecting the movements of glaciers, and the possible geological ef- fects of such movements. The hypo- thesis by which the descent of the vast masses of frozen snow down the val- leys of the Alps, and other mountain- ous regions, has been explained, or at- tempted to be explained, are essentially two: — First, that the glacier masses descended the valleys by the force of gravity; and, secondly, that the icy masses were pushed down by an inter- 184 nal expansion, caused by congelation of water in their internal cavities. The first hypothesis originated with Saus- sme, and the second with Charpentier, but other philosophers have proposed certain modifications of these hypo- thesis, as Mr. R. Mallet, Professor J, Forbes, Mr. Hopkins, and M. Agassiz. GLA'CIALIST, n. An investigator of glaciers ; one who WTites on the pheno- mena exhibited by glaciers, and endea- vours to account for such phenomena. GLADE, n. A local name for the com- mon buzzard (Buteo vulgaris). GLADE,t V. t. To make glad. [Chau- cer.] GL.\^D'ER,t "■ One who makes glad. [Chaucer.] GLADIATO'RIAN, a. Same as Gla- diatorial. GLADIA'TORSHIP, n. The conduct or qualitv of a gladiator. GL.ilK'lT, a. Unsteady; light; giddy; frolicsome; foolish. [Seo*cA.] GL.\IKS, n. Deception; delusion, a trick. — Tu fling the glaihs in folk's e'en, metaphorically to throw dust in people's eyes. — Togice the glaihs, to befool, and then leave in the lurch; to jilt one. [Scotch.] GLaIRE, n. A sword, lance, or horse- man's staft'; one of the weapons allowed in a trial by combat. GLAIR'INE, n. A kind of substance which forms on the surface of thermal waters. GL.^.IVES,t ». plur. [See Glate.] Swords. [Spenser.] GLANCE, n. [add.] A hint; a reflec- tion ; an oblique or transient stricture. GLANCE, V. t. [add.] To view with envy. GL.\ND, n. [add.] A contrivance for engaging or disengaging machinery moved by belts or bands. GLAND ULA, n. [h. ^min.otglans,an acorn or gland.] A little acorn; a small gland. GLAND'ULAR, a. [add.] In hot., glandular hairs are hairs bearing glands on their tips, or fixed upon minute glands in the cuticle, as in the nettle. — Glandular woody fibre, a peculiar fonii of woody fibre found in the stems of resinous woods, especially the pine and fir tribe. This form of fibre consists of a peculiar set of dots seen along the course of the tubes, and situated be- tween them. GLANS, n. [add.] A mast of any tree; a pellet of lead or of any other metal. GLA'RINESS, ) n. A dazzling lustre GLA'RINGNESS,) or brilliancy. GLA'RY.f a. Of a brilliant dazzling lustre. GLaSE,+ V i. for Glose, or Gloze. [Chaucer.] GLASE,t V 1. for Glaze. [Chaucer.] GLASINGE.t n. Glass-work. [Chau- cer.] GLASS, n. [add] Among seamen, the common name for a telescope.— AVj/At- glass, a telescope used for viewing ob- jects at night.— 2. A glass vessel filled with sand for measuring time. The half-hour glass is one which runs half an hour; it is frequently termed the watch-glass, as it is often used to measirre the time which each watch has to remain on deck. [See Watch.] — Half -minute and quarter - minute glasses are used along with the log- line to ascerta-n tiie rate of a ship's velocity. r.Scc Log.]— 3. The time which a half-hour glass runs, or in which it is exhausted of s.and, used to GLATJCUS GLEG GLOBULAR MASSES measure the duration of an action ; as, we were engaged yard-arm and yard- arm three glasses. GLASS, a. Made of glass ; vitreous; as, & eyed; squinting; oblique; GLE'ED, ) siwry.— To gang a' gletj'd, to go all wrong. [Scotch.] GLEYING, ppr. Squinting. [Scotch.] GLIB,?!, [add.] Amustachio. [Spenser.] GLIBBES, n. plur. Thick curled bushes of hair hanging over the eyes ; for- merly worn Uy the Irish. [Spenser, j GLID'INGLY, adv. In a smooth, flow- ing, rapid manner. GLIFI', n. A glimpse; a transient view; a short time; a fright. [Scotch. \ GLiKE, n. [Sa.f. nlig.] A sneer ; a scoff; a flout. [Shah.] GLIM,t "■ [Glimmer.] A light or can- dle. [Still used among sailors; as, douse the glims, that is, put out the lights.] GLIM'MER, V. I. To blink ; to wink ; to look unsteadily. [Scotch.] GLIM'SINGjtw. Glimmering. [Chau- cer.] GLINT, V. i. [Teut. giants.] To glance; to gleam ; to pass suddenly, as a gleam of light, a flash of lightning, or any- thing that resembles it ; to peep out, as a flower from the bud. [Scotch.] GLINT, n. A glance; a glimpse; a transient view ; a flash, as of lightning ; a moment. [Scotch.] GLISK, n. A glimpse ; a transient view. [Scotch.] GLIS'SA, instead of GLAS'SA, n. GLISSON'S-GAPSULE, n. In anat, the fibrous envelope of the liver, named after the discoverer, Francis Glisson. GLIS'TER, n. Lustre ; glitter. GLIT'EKEN.t vres. tense plur. of Glitter. [Chaucer.] GLOAT, I'. !. [add.] To stare with ad- miration, eagerness, or desire ; to warm or kindle with or while gazing ; to gaze with any warm or burning passion or sensation, with anger or ill-will, with eagerness or de-sire. [In these senses, not iihsolete.] GLOATING, ppr. or a. Gazing with earnestness ; looking steadfastly. GLOBE'-AMARANTH, n. A plant, the Gomphrcena amaranlhoides, well known for its round heads of purple and wliite flowers GLOBE-LIKE, a. Resembling a globe ; globular. GLOBE'-RANUN€tJLUS,n. Aplant, the Trollius ranunculinus. GLOBULARLY, adv. In a spherical form ; spherically. GLOBULAR MASSES, n. In geol, a term for rocks of irregular form, vary- ing from a foot to a mile or more, and 7 s GLOVE-SILVER GLTCTRRHIZINE GNOMIC imbedded either in a stratided or mas- sivG rock GLOBULARNESS, n. The quality of beinff globular ; splierioitv. GLOBULAR PROJEGTION^n. That projection of the sphere in which the eye is supposed to be distant from the slobe, represented in whole or in part by one-half of the chord of an arc of 90 degrees. This projection gives but a small distortion. [See Projection.] GLOB'ULOUSNESS, n. The quality of being globulous. GLOBULUS, H.[L.] A little globe- In bot., a round deciduous shield, formed of the thallns of lichens, and leaving a cavity when it falls off, as in Isidium. \Se€ Globule.] GLO'€HIDATE, a. In hot., hooked back at the point, like a fish-hook. GLOX'HIS. n. [Or. yXa^x'^, a projecting point.] In bof.y a form of hair occurring in plants, and commonly called a barb. It is forked at the apex, both divisions of the fork being hooked; as in the nuts of Myosotis lapula. GLOMBE,t V. i. [Sas.] To look gloomy. [Chatirer.'] GLOM'ERELLS,t "• In '«w, commis- saries appointed to hear and determine differences between the scholars in a school or university, and the townsmen of the place. GLOM'ERU-LE, n. [L. fflomerulus.'] In hot, a short dense tuft of flowers, mostly in the axilla of a petiole, re- stricted by some to a cluster of capi- tula, inclosed in a common involucre, as in Echinops. — Glomerules are also the heaps of powdery bodies which lie upon the siuf ace of the thallns of lichens ; these are also called soredia. GLOOM, n. A frown. [Scotch.] GLOOM, r. i. To frown; to look sour; to knit the brows; to be morose and sullen. [Scotch.] GLORIA, n. [L.] Glory.— Gloria in excehis, glory in the highest. — Gloria pafri, in the church of EnfiJand ser- vice, praise to God the Father. GLO'KIOUSNESS, n. The state or quality of being glorious. GLOSE.f See Gloss, [aiaucer.] GLOSE.f See Gloze. [Chaucer.] GL O S S A ' G R A, «. [Gr. yXa.ir^^, the tongue, and tty^a., seizure.] Intlamma- tion of the tongue; swelled tongue. GLOSSITIS, n. Inflammation of the tongue. GLOS'SO, W. [Gr. yXMnrix., or yXiiTTix., the tongrue.] In aiiat., terms compounded of this word designate nerves or mus- cles of the tongue ; as, glosso-staphif- liniis, glosso-pharyngeitSj glosso-pharyn- geal nerves. GLOS'SO-CELE, n. [Gr. j-A^a-r., and «»)>.»!, a tumour.] Swelled tongue. GLOSSOGRAPH 1€AL, a. Pertain- ing to glossography. GLOT'ON,i- n.[Fr.] A glutton. [Chau- cer. ^, GLOT'TAL, a. Relating to the glottis. GLOVE, n. [add.] White gloves. It is an ancient custom on a maiden assize, that is, when there is no offender to be tried, for the sheriff to present tlie judge with a pair of ichite gloves. GLOVE-SILVER, w. Money custom- arily given to servants to buy them gloves, as an encouragement for their labours. — Also, extraordinary rewards given to otticers of courts, &c. ; and money given by a sheriff' of a county in which no offenders are left for exe- cution, to the clerk of assize and tlie judges' officers. GLOW,t V. t. instead of GLOW,t v. i. GLOW'EDEK,t pret. plur. of Gloto. [Sax.] [Chaucer.] GhOWR,\v. i. To look intensely G L O U R , / or watchfully ; to stare. [Scotch.] GLOAVR, ) . , , ^ f o . r -. GLOUR ("■ -A- broad stare. [Scotch.] GLOZE,' V. i. [add.] To explain; to expound ; to gloss. [Shah.] GLUCI'NA, instead of GLU'CINA. See Glucine. GLUCI'NUM, instead of GLUCI'- NIUM._ GLU'GOSE, n. [Gr. yXoKVi, sweet.] Starch-sugar, diabetic sugar, grape- sugar, or the sugar of fruits. GLUE, n. [add.] Marine-glue, an adhe- sive composition invented by Mr. Al- fred Jeffrey, of Limehouse, said to pos- sess the peculiar qualities required in a substance to be used for joining a ves- sel's timbers together. It is insoluble in water, and impervious thereto ; elas- tic, so as to contract and expand ac- cording to the strain on the timber ; sutficiently solid to fill up the joint and give strength; and it has great power of adhesion. It is also used for coat- ing, to prevent the admission of water and damp, and to prevent leakage in cisterns, tanks, packing-cases, &c. A finer kind is used when melted to ce- ment glass. GLUME, n. [add.] More correctly, the outer valves of the spikelet of grasses, called a cali/x by Linnaeus, but rather corresponding to an involucre; usually two are present, sometimes only one, and rarely both are absent. GLUMEL'LA, n. [Dimin. of Glume.] A term employed by De CandoUe to designate the bracts of grasses situated immediately within the glumes, and called a corolla by Linnaeus ; the minute hypogynous scales situated within the glumellas, at the base of the fruit, be- ing by the same author termed glum- ellules. GLUNCH, V. i. To frown ; to look sour; to be in a dogged humour. [Scotch.] GLUT, n. [add.] The supply of any ar- ticle in the market beyond the demand ; a superabundance of any commodity in the market. — Among seamen, a piece of wood employed as a fulcrum in order to obtain a better lever power in rais- ing any body; or a piece of wood in- serted beneath the thing to be raised in order to prevent its recoil when fresh- ening the nip of the lever. — Also, a piece of canvas sewed into the centre of a sail, near the head ; it has an eyelet- hole in its middle for the bunt-jigger, or becket, to go through GLUTEUS, n. [L., from Gr. yXeyr^, the buttock.] The name of the three muscles of the hip which form part of the buttocks. The gluteus maximum is that upon which a person sits, and which serves to extend the thigh ; the gluta^us medius acts in standing; and the glutfpus minimus assists the others. GLU'TEN-BREAD, n. Akind of bread in which there is a large proportion of gluten. It is used in diabetes. GLU'TINE, 7?. A principle resembling gluten, but differing from it in not be- ing soluble in alcohol. GLUTS, 11. The broad-nosed eel (An- guilla laiirostris) is so named about Oxford. GLUT TONISH. a. Gluttonous. GLUTTON-LIKE, a. Like a glutton; greedy. GLYCYR'RHIZINE, n. A peculiar sac- 186 charine matter obtained from the root of the Gli/ci/rrhiza glabra, or common liquorice. GLYNNES,t 71. plur. Glens. [Spenser.] GLTPH'OGRAPH, v. t. [Gr. yxv^, an ■engraving, and y^oti^u. to describe.] To form plates by the process of glypho- graphy. GLTPH'OGRAPH, n. A plate formed by the glj-phographic process, or an im- pression taken from the plate. GLYPHOG'RAPHER, n. One versed in, or one who practises glj-phographv. GLYPHOGRAPH I€, a. Of or per- taining to glvphographv. GLYPH0GRAP11Y,H. Anelectrotype process, wherein, by depositing a coat- ing of copper upon an engraved plate previously prepared in a peculiar man- ner, a copy in metal is obtained with a raised siuface, suitable for being printed after the manner of ordinary letter- press. GLYP'TIG, a. [add.] Pertaining to the art of engraving on precious stones. GLYP'TODON, n. [add.] This animal belonged to the order Edentata, and was closely allied to the armadilloes. Glyptodon, Glt/pCodon clavipes- It was covered >\ith a coat of mail formed of polygonal osseous plates united by sutures. It was found in South America, in the United Provinces of Rio-de-la-Plata. GLYPTOTHEXA, n. [Gr. y>.v;»,. and S-r,zr.. a repository.] A building or room for the preservation of works of sculp- ture. GMEL'INITE, n. Hydrolite, a mineral of a white, passing into a flesh-red colour. It occurs in secondary flat six- sided prisms, terminated at both ex- tremities by truncated six-sided prisms. GNARLY, a. Having knots; knotty GNXRRE,t V. i. (niir.) To snarl; to quarrel. [See Gxar.] [Spenser.] GN.-vRRE.f ?i. (uar.) A hard knot in a tree. [Chaucer.] GNATH'ODON, n. [Gr. >«eK, jaw- bone, and oXsyf. a tooth.] A genus of molluscs, of whicli there is one species (Gocuneatus) from New Orleans. The hinge has in one valve a cardinal tooth and two lateral ones, the anterior of which is shaped like a jaw-bone. — 2. A genus of birds, allied to the pigeons, found in the South Sea Islands. It is also called Didunculus, from being in some particulars a miniatiu-e resemblance of the dodo. GNAT LING, n. A little gnat. GNAT'-STRAlNER, n. One who strains out gnats ; one who attaches too much importance to little things. GNEIS'SOID, a. (nice -oid.) [Gneiss, and Gr. uiot, resemblance.] Having some of the characteristics of gneiss; applied to rocks of an intermediate character between granite and gneiss, or between mica-slate and gneiss. GNEIS'SOSE, a. Having the general structure of gneiss. GNLDE,t V. t. (need.) [Sax.] To rub. GNID'ING,t ppr. (need'ing.) Rubbing. [Chaucer.] GXOM'IG, a. (nom'ik.) Sententious. — Gnomic poets, a set of Greek poets GOBIUS GOLDEN-WASPS GONGYLUS ■whose works consist of short precepts and reflections. GNOMONICALLY, adv. According to tlie principles of the gnomonic pro- jection. GNO'MONIST, n. One versed in gno- monics. GNOMONOL'OGY, n. A treatise on dialling. GNOWE,t pret. of Gnaw, (now.) Gnawed. [Chaucer.] GOjV.i. [add.] To die or sink. [See Gone.] To be usually in any state witli respect to one's person ; as, to go naked ; to f)o in a doublet.— 7'o go ahead, to proceed ; to go forward ; to go in ad- vance. [A seaman's plirase, ivhich lias got into very common use in tlie United States, and has also found its way into this country.] — To go for a person or thing, to be in favour of a person or thing. [American vulgarism.]— To go it strong, to perform an act with vigour or without scrnple. [A vulgarism used in America, and also in this country.] — To go the whole .figure, to go to the fullest extent in the attainment of an object. [American.] — To go the whole hop, to be out-and-out in favour of a thing, to go to the utmost extent in gaining a point or attaining an object. [This American vulgarism has been in- troduced into this country.] GO, 7'. i. To do ; to endure ; as, to go it. [Vulgar.] GO, n. The fashion or mode; as, quite the ;;o ; a spree or noisy merriment; as, a high go. [Colloquial or vulgar.] GO, for Gone. [Chaucer.] GOAT-FIG, n. The wUd fig, or the fig- tree in its wild state. GOAT'ISHLY, adv. In the manner of a goat ; lustfully. GOAT'ISHNESS, n. The quality of being goatish ; lustfulness. GOAT'-MOTH, n, [add,] The cater- pillar lives on the wood of the willow, and forms the subject of a masterly work bv Lyonet. GOAT'-ROOT, n. A plant, the Ononis natrix. GOAT'S'-BANE, n. A plant, the Aconi- turn tragocionum. GOAT'S'-FOOT, n. A plant, the Oxalis caprina. GOAT'S'-MILK, n. The milk of the goat. GOAT'-SUCKER, n. [add.] This name is common to the different species of the genus Caprimulgus. The Euro- pean goat-sucker or night-jar, is the C. europipus. It feeds upon nocturnal insects, as moths, gnats, beetles, &c., whicli it catches on tlie wing, flying with its mouth open. Its mouth is comparatively large, and lined on the inside with a glutinous substance, to prevent the escape of those insects which fly into it. The whip-poor-will is an American species. [See Capbi- MULOID* in this Supp.] GOATS -WHEAT, n. A plant of the genus Ti'agopyrum. GOAT'-W£ED,H. A plant of the genus Capraria, the C. biflora. GOAV'IN, ppr. fi-om Goave. Going about staring in a stupid manner. [Scotch.] GOB'ELIN, a. A term applied to a species of rich tapestry in France. The term is derived from Gilles Gobelin, a celebrated dyer in tlie reign of Francis I. GO^BIUS, ( n. The goby, a genus of GO'BIO, ) fishes belonging to the section Malacopterygii Abdominales, and family Cyprinidfe. It includes the gudgeons. G. fluvialilis is the common gudgeon. [See Gobioid.?:.] GOB '-LINES, H. Among seamen, a name for the martingale back-ropes. GO'BY, n. A genus of fishes. [See ■ GoBius in this Supp.] G()DBERT,t n. A hauberk. GOD'-BOTE,t n. An ecclesiastical or chiu-ch fine paid for crimes and oftences committed against God. GODE.t 1 n. [Sax.] Wealth; goods. GOOD,t f [Chaucer.] GODE'-LES.t a. [Sax.] Without money or goods. [Chaucer.] GODE-LEYHEDE,t n. [Sax.] Good- ness. [Chaucer.] GODEND'A,t "■ A pole-axe having a spike at its end, used in the 13th cen- tury. GOi)E'NESS,t n. Goodness.— .!< gode- nes, at advantage. [Chaucer.] GOD'-FATHER, w. [add.] One who gives a name to any person or thing. GOD'-GILD,t "• That which is offered to God or his service. GOD'LESSLY, adv. Irreverently; atheistically. GODOWN', n. [Malay, godong.] In the J^a.'it Indies, a warehouse or storeroom GOD'SIB.t n. [Sax.] A gossip; a god- father. [Chaucer. | GOD -SPEED, n. Good speed ; that is, success. [2 John 10.] GOD'WIT, «. [add.] The godwits have been referred to tlie genus Limosa, family Scolopacida;. Thei'e are several species, as the common godwiti Limosa (cgocephala), the red godwit (i. rufa), the great American godwit, the ciner- eous godwit, &c. GOFF'ERING, n. An ornamental plaiting, used for the frills and borders of women's caps, &c. GO ING, n. [add.] Goings on, beha- viour; actions; conduct; used mostly in a bad sense. GOLD,t n. The plant turnsol. [Chau- cer.] GOLD'-BEATING, n. The art or pro- cess of reducing gold to extremely thin leaves, by beating with a hammer, so as to prepare it for use in various kinds of gilding. GOLD'-DUST, n. Gold in very fine particles. GOLD'EN-BUG, n. An insect, the Coccinella septempunctata, called also lady-bird, lady-cow, &c. GOLD'EN-€LUB, n. An aquatic plant bearing yellow flowers. GOLDEN-FLEECE, n. In myth., the fleece of gold taken from the ram that bore Phryxus through the air to Col- chis, and in quest of which Jason under- took the Argonautic expedition. GOLDEN-FLOWER, n. A plant, the Chrysanthemum. GOLD'EN-HAIR, n. A plant, the Chrysocoma comaurea. GOLD'EN-HAIRED.a. Having yellow hair. GOLD'EN-LOOKING, a. Appearing lilie gold. GOLD'EN-SULPinTRET, n. A sul- phuret of antimony, prepared by preci- pitating antimonic acid by sulphuretted hydrogen. GOLDEN -WASPS, or GOLD'EN- TAILED FLIES, n. Chrysidida;, a tribe of hymenopterous insects, which, in the richness of their colours, vie with the humming-birds. The most com- mon, and also the most beauliful Bri- tish species, is the Chriisis ignita, about the size of a common window-fly. It is of a rich deep blue-green colour on 187 the head and thorax, with the abdo- men of a burnished golden-copper hue GOLD'-HAMMER, n. [add.] The yel- low-hammer, — which see GOLD'-HEWEN.t a. Of a gold hue or colour. [Chaucer.] GoLD'IE, \n. Local names of the GoLDSPINK, f gold-finch. GOLD'-LATTEN, n. Plates of gold, or of other metal covered with gold GoLD'-LEAF ELEt TROM'ETER, n. An instrument for detecting the presence of electricity, by the diver- gence of two slips of gold-leaf inclosed in a glass case. It is the most delicate of all electrometers. [See Electro- meter.] GOLD'-SEED, n, A sort of grass; dog's-tail grass. G OLD-SINN Y, n. The name given in Cornwall to the common wrasse {Cre- nilabrus melops), a fish of the family Labridie. GOLD'SJtITHRIE,t "• [Sax ] Gold- smith's work. [Chaucer.] GOLD'WIT, \n. [Sax. I A golden GOLD'WICH, f mulct. ' GOL'ET,t n. [Fr.J The throat or gul- let. [Chaucer.] GOLI'ATHUS, n. Goliath -beetles, a group of lamellicorn coleopterous in- sects, cluefly found in Africa; so named from the large size of some of the species. GOLIONE,t »• A kind of gown. GOL'L.-iCH, n. A pcj^jular name of the earwig. GOLO'SHES, n. plur. See Goloe- Shoe. GOLT'SHUT, n. A small ingot of gold ; in Japan, of silver, serving for money. GO'MARITE, n. A follower of Francis Gomar, a Dutch Calvinistie divine in the 17th century. GoiME, n. The black grease of a cart- wheel ; probably a corruption of Coom, — which see. GOM'ERIL, 71. A stupid or senseless fellow ; a blockhead. [Scotch.] GOM LAH, n. In the East Indies, a w-ater-jug or ewer. GOMME.t n. [Fr.] Gum. [Chaucer] GOMPHl'ASIS, instead of AGOM- PHIASIS. [See Agompiiiasis in this Supp.] GOM'PHOLITE, n. [Gr. y^^.f,;, a club or nail, and XiQot, a stone.] A name given by Brongniart to conglomerate rocks of the tertiary series, GOMPHONE'MA, n. In hot., a genus of Diatomacea; having several frustules attached to a branched stalk. GON,t V. i. infin. [Sax.] To go. [Chau- cer.] GONjf pres. tense plur. of Go. [Chau- cer.] GON, for Gone. [Chaucer.] GON'AGRA, n. |;Gr. ».«.!., the knee, and «>?«. seizure.] Gout in the knee, GONEP TERYX, n. The brimstone or sulphur butterfly, a genus of lepidop- terous insects, remarkable for their rapidity of flight and migratory habits. The (r. rhamni is one of the eai'liest among the Fapilionidai that makes its appearance, sometimes in favourable weather, even as early as the middle of February. The male is of a pui'e sul- phur-yellow above. GON'GYLUS, h. [Gr. yo»uAO(, round.] In hot., a term applied to a round hard body which falls off' from the motlier plant in some of the algaj, producing a new individual. Gongi/H in the plnrid is applied fo the granules contained in the shields of lichen.s. GOKED GOUTT CONCRETIONS GRADUATE GON'JU,i- n. A part of the military habit worn in the 14th century, sup- posed to be the gorget. GONNE.t 1- A gun. [Chaucer.] GON'NEN.t \liret. plur. of Ginne, to GONNE.t ( begin. [Chaucer.} GONOKKHCE'A, n. See Gonob- KHEA. GOOD CONSIDERATION, «. In toif, a'consideration founded on motives of generosity, prudence, and natural duty, such as natural love and aftection. [Ste COXSIDERATION.] GOOD'-DEED, for I.vbeed. [Shah.] GOQD'ENOW.t Good enough; pass- GOOD'-FOK-NOTH'ING, a. W orth- le'ss'. [Colloq.'] GOOD' HOlIKE,t "• Good fortune; happiness. [Spenser.] GOOD'ING, n. An asking of alms; a custom in some parts of England with poor women before Christmas, who in return wish all that is good. GOOD' LIFE, H. Alacrhy; energy; spu-it. [Shak.] GOOD NAT UEEDNESS, n. Good humour ; good temper. GOOD-NOW, f. ttsed only in the im- p'eratlre. Do now; pray now; as, good- note, sit down. [Local or colloq.] GQOD'-NOW, exclam. [add.] Well- now. [Obs.] GOODS AND CHAT'TELS, n. In (ate, the generic denomination of things personal, as distinguished from things real, or lands, tenements, and heredita- ments. GOO'LE,t n. [Fr. geule, gonlet; It. gola; D. guile.] A breach in a sea wall or bank ; a passage worn by the flux and reflux of the tide. GOON, H. A species of East Indian grain. GOOSE, n. [add.] The common wild goose, or gray-lag, is the Anser ferus, the original of the domestic goose ; the snow-goose is the Anser hi/perboreus, inhabiting the arctic regions ; the Ca- nada goose is the Anser canadensis; the swan-goose, the Anser cygnoides ; and the bean-goose, the Anser segetum. The goose tribe constitute a subfamily (Anserina-) of the AnatiJce. — A green goose, in cooking, is one under four months old.— The term goose is often applied colloquially to a silly stupid person. GOOSE'BERRT, a. Relating to, or made of gooseberries; as, gooseberry wine. GOOSE'NECK, n. pronounced goos'- nek. GOOSE'-PIE, ;i. A pie made of agoose and pastry. GOO TOO, n. Two fishes found around Jamaica are so called by the negroes. One, the eatable gootoo, is a species of scarus; the other, the sand-gootoo, a species uf tetraodon. GOKCE,t n. A pool of water to keep fish in a wear. GOR'DIUS, H. A long worm found in stagnant and slow running waters, at one time beliered to have originated from horse-hairs which had fallen into the water. The name is in allusion to the complex knots into which they twist their bodies. GORE, V. t. [add.] To cut in a triangu- lar way ; to piece with a gore. GORE'-BlLL. n. The name of a fish, the Belone vulgaris, from its long beak or nose. GORED, pp. or a. [add] Cut in the form of a gore ; pieced with a gore. GOR'-FLY, 1.. A species of fly. GORGE, n. [add.] A narrow passage between hills or mountains. GOR'MAND, a. Voracious; greedy; gluttonous. GORY DE\V, n. One of the simplest forms of vegetation, which appears on the damp parts of some hai-d surfaces in the form of a reddish slime. It con- sists of a number of minute cells. GOSE.t for Goes, or Goeib. [Chau- cer.] GOSHAWK, n. [add.] The Falco palumbarius. It was formerly used in Europe in common with the falcon, jer-falcon, &c., in the celebrated royal pastime of falconry. GOS'PEL. a. Accordant with the gos- pel; relating to the gospel; evangelical. GOS'SIBS.t "■ plur. Gossips; com- peers; friends. [Spenser.] GOS SIPER.t "• One who gossips ; a gossip. GOS SIPRIE, In. Intimacy; famUiar- GOSS'IPRED, ) ity; sponsor - ship. [Scotch.] GOSSIPY, n. Full of gossip; trifling. GOS'SOMER,+ n. for Gossamek. [Chaucer.] GoST.t n. [Sax.] A ghost; spirit; mind. [Chaucer.] GOTE.t n A sluice, ditch, or gutter. GOTH,t f '■ imper. of Go. Go ye. [Chaucer.] GO'THAMITE, n. A term sportively applied to the inhabitants of New York. GOTHICAL, a. Same as Goxnic. GOTO. Aplirase of exhortation; come; come on I [See under Go.] GOUG'ING, n. The act of scooping out with a gouge ; the act of scooping out the eye with the thumb or linger, a barbarous and cruel practice which existed at one time among the lower class of people in the interior of some of the southern states of North America. GOULARD'S CERATE, n. The cera- fum plumbi compositum, or compound cerate of lead. GOULARD'S' EXTR.A.€T, instead of GOULARD'S EXTRACT.— Instead of " trisacetate," read subacetate. GOUNE'-€LOTH,t »■ Cloth sufficient to make a gown. [Chaucer.] GOU'RA, n. A name of large pigeons with crests on theu- head, forming the genus Lophyrus. A species has been lately described, named the Victoria pigeon. GOURD, n. [Old Fr. gourl.] A species of false dice. [SAaA.J GOURD.t n. [Fr.] A vessel to carry liquor, perhaps so called from its shape. ' [Chaucer.] GOURDE, n. The Franco-American | name for the colonial dollar. The term i is in use in Hayti, Louisiana, Cuba, &c. GOURD'-Wt)RM, n. The fluke-worm, a worm that infests the liver of sheep. GOUR'MAND, n. [Fr.] A glutton; a greedy feeder ; an epicm-e. [See GoR- mand] GOUR .M.ANDIZE, v. i. See Gor- mandize. GOURM.4.NDIZE,t n. Gluttony; vo- raciousness. GOUS'TY, )«. Ghostly; waste; deso- GOUS'TIE, j late; dreary; preterna- tural. [6Vo/cA ] GOUT, n. [h. gufta, a drop.] [add.] A clot or coagulation ; as, on the blade of the dudgeon gouts of blood. [SAaA.] GOUTH, H. .4. drop. [Scotch) GOUT'ILY, adv. In a gouty manner. GOUTY CONCRETIONS, n. Calculi 18S formed in the joints of some gouty persons, consisting of nrate of soda. GOVERNABLENESS, n. State or quality of being governable. GOVERNAlLLE'.t n. [Fr.] Govern- ment ; steerage. [Chaucer.] GOVERNMENTAL, a. Pertaining to government; made by government. [Receid.] GOVERNOR GENERAL, n, A go- vernor who has under him subordinate or deputy governors ; as, the governor- general of India. GO'W'AN, n. [add.] The generic name for the daisv. [Scotch.] GOWD'NOOK (contracted sometimes to Gofxick), n. The local name of a coast-fish, the skipper or saury (Scom- beresox saurus). GO'VS'K, ;!. The cuckoo; a stupid per- son; a fool; asunpleton. [See Gawk.] [Scotch.] GOWK'IT, n. Foolish ; stupid ; giddy. [Scotch.] G O W L ' I N G, \rpr. or a. Howling ; GOUL ING, ( noisy; scolding. [Scotch.] GOWN'S'-MAN, n. A student wearing a gown, especially at Oxford. GOWP'EN, I n. [Icel. gaupn.] The hol- GO'WP'IN, ) low formed by the hand, when contracted so as to hold anything. — Also, a handful; but it is likewise used to signify the fill of both hands held together, side by side, in form of a round vessel. The hands, when so placed, are termed gowpens. [See Lock.] [Sco(cA.] GOWP'ENFU,n.Thefillofthe(70KjpCT<; as much as can be contained in the hand held in a concave form. [Sco?eA.] GOWPENS, n. plur. Both hands held together with the palms upwards, in form of a round vessel. [ScofcA.] GOWT, n. [Corruption of go out.] A sluice in embankments against the sea, for letting out the land-waters when the tide is out, and preventing the in- gress of salt-water. [Local) GRACE, n. [add.] Acceptableness ; power of gaining favour. — In law, a faculty, license, or dispensation : a gene- ral and free pardon by act of Parhament ; called also an act of grace. GRACECUP, n. [add.J Figuratively, an appendage or adjection. GRACES, n. j'/«r. [add.j A game for girls with hoop and rods, designed to promote grace of motion — In music, ornamental notes attached to principal ones. GRA'CIOnS,o. [add.] Beautiful. [Shah.] GRAD'DAN, n. Parched corn; grain burned out of the ear.— Also, meal ground on the quern or haud-mill. [Scotch.] GRADE, n. [add.] A degree of ascent or descent in a railway or road. [Ame- rican.] GRADE, v. t. [add] To reduce the line of a canal, road, or railway to such levels or degrees of inclination as may prepare it for being used. GR.A. DIENT, a. [add.] Rising or de- scending by regular degrees of inch- nation ; as, the gradient line of a rail- 1 wav. GR.ADINES', n. plur. [Fr. gradin, a j step.] Seats raised over each other; 1 as, ■• the gradines of the amphitheatre." [Lauard's \ineveh.] GRAD'UATE, v. t. [add ] To divide any space into small regular intervals. I Thus the limb of a circular instrument is graduated into degrees and minutes ; GRAND-DUKE GRAPHIOLOGY GRAVING the scale of a barometer is graduated into inches and parts of an inch. GRAD'UATOR, n. [add.] One who graduates. GRA'DUS, n. [L. a step or degree.] The title of a prosodial dictionary, use- ful in the composition of Latin verses; generally called Gradus ad Parnassiim. GRAFF, n. A grave. [Scotch.] GRAlLE,t «• [See Gkail.] Small par- ticles; gravel. [Spe^iser.^ GRAIN, n. Scarlet-grain, a species of Cocaus [C. polonicus), at one time em- ployed in Poland as a dye-stutf. Co- chineal has now superseded it. GRAIN, V. t. [add.] To form into grains, as powder. GRAlN'A6E,t n. An ancient duty in London, consisting of a twentieth part of the salt imported by aliens. GRAINED, pp. or a. [add.] Formed into grains. GRAIN'ER, n. [add.] One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood. GRaIN'ING, n. [add.] This tish is con- fined to fresh-water rivers in Lanca- shire : it is the Leuciscus lancastriensis of naturalists. GRaIN'ING, 2)pr. Painting in imitation of the grain of wood; forming into grains. GRAIN'-MOTH, n. An insect whose larvae or grubs devour grain in gran- aries. GRAINS, n. An iron instrument with four or more barbed points, and a line attached to it, used at sea for striking dolphins and other fish. GRAIP, V. i. To grope; to feel. [Scotch.] GRAIP, H. A dung-fork. [Scotch,] GRALLATO'RI^, n. Same as Gral- LATORES. GRALLATO'RIAL, a. Pertaining to thegrallatores; wading in water. GRAM, n. A kind of East Indian beans, used as fodder for horses and cattle. GRA]M,f V. t. To make angry, GRAM'ARYE,! n. The art of necro- mancy. [Sir \V. Scott.'] GRAMAS H'ES, n. [Fr. gamashes.] Gaiters reaching to the knees. [Scotch.] GRAME.t n. [Sax.] Grief; anger. [CTiaucer.] GRAMINA'CE^, n. Same as Gra- MIKEJE. GRAMMA'RIANISM, «. The princi- ples or use of grammar. [Rar. us.] GRAMMAT'ie, a. Grammatical. GRAMMAT'ICALNESS, n. Quality of being grammatical, or according to the rules of grammar. GRAMME, n. [Fr.] See Gram. GRAN, a. Grand. [Scotch.\ GRA'NA, n. plitr. [From L. granum, a grain.] Grains ; seeds. — Grana Para- disic grains of Paradise. GRANADIL'LA, n. [Sp.] A plant; the fruit of the Passijiora quadr angular is ^ which is sometimes as large as a child's head, and is much esteemed in tropical countries as a pleasant dessert-fruit. GRAN'AM, n. See Grandam. GRAND'-DAYS, n. In law, those days in the terms which are solemnly kept in the inns of court and chancery, viz.. Candlemas - day, Ascensi< m - day, St. John Baptist's day, and AU-Saints'-diiy; called Dies rwtijuridici. GRAND'-DISTRESS,n. In Zaw, a writ of distress issued in the real action of quare impedit, when no appearance has been entered after the attachment. It commands the sheriff to distrain the defendant's lands and chattels, in order to compel appearance. GRAND'-DUlvE, «. The great horned GntDd-gnnle. owl (Bubo maxtmus), a species but rarely met with in the British Islands. GRAND'-GAIIDE, n. [Fr.] A piece of plate armour used in the 15th and 16th centuries in the tonrnanient. It covered the breast and left shoulder, forming an additional pro- tection for that part of the body ; and it was affixed to the breastplate by screws, and hooked on the helmet. GRAND'-GUXRD, li. Armourfor equestrians. [Shak.] [See Gband- Garde in tliis Supp.] GRANDIL'OQUENT, a. [L. grandilo- quens.^ Pompous; bombastic; using lofty or great words. GRAND'-JU'RY,n. [add.] [&cJurt.1 GRAND'-LAR'CENY.n. In ;a!(i, steal- ing to above the value of twelve-pence, now abolished. GRAND'-MAMMX', n. A grand- mother. GRAND'-MERCIE.t n. [Fr.] Great thanks. {See Gramercv.] \Chancer.'\ GRAND'-NEPHEW, n. The grandson of a brother or sister. GRAND' -NIECE, n. The grand- daughter of a brother or sister. GRAND'-SEIGN'IOR, n. The sove- reign or sultan of Turkey. GRAND-SER'JEANTY, n. An an- cient tenure by military service. [See Serjea.vtv.] GRAND'-VIZ'IER, rt. The chief min- ister of the Turliish Empire. [See ViZIEB.] GRANEjt n. [Fr.] A grain; a single seed. [Chaucer.] GRANE, r. i. To groan. [Scntcli.'] GRANE, H. A groan. [Scotch.] GRAN6E, n. [add.] A dwelling-place. [Spenser.] — A granary. — In Lincoln- shire^ a house or farm at a distance from otiier houses or villages. GRANIL'LA, n. [Sp.] The dust or small grains of the cochineal insect. GRAN'ING, ppr. Groaning, [Scotch] GRANIT^I€AL,a. Same as Granitic. GRAN'ITOID, instead of GRANl'- TOID. GRANIVORjE, n. An order of birds, including the insessores, which feed on grains or seeds. GRANT, 11. i. To consent; to give per- mission ; as, I would not have granted to that act. [Shak.] GRANTORTO, n. [It. gran torto.] Great injury and wrong. GRAN'ULA, n. plur. [Dimin. of L. gra- num, a grain.] In hot., little grains; ap- plied to the large sporules contained in the centre of many algae. GRAN'ULARLY, adv. In a granular form. GRAN'ULARY, a. [add.] Same as Granular, — which see. GRAPE'-HY'ACINTII, n. A plant, the Muscari moschalum, wliich bears a rich-scented blue flower. GRAPE'-VINE, 71. Tlie vine that bears grapes. GRAPE'-WORT,?!. A poisonous plant ; baneberry. GKAPH'IG-ORE, ) n. An ore of tel- GRAPH'ie-GOLD,) luiium, found in Transylvania in veins in porphyry. It consists of tellurium, gold, and silver. GRAPHIOL'OGY, n. [Gr. y;«f,^, to 18a write, and Xoj/oj, discourse.] The art of writing or delineation, or a treatise on that art. GRAPH'IS, 71. A genus of lichens. The species are found chiefly on the bark of GRAi"INEL,t n. A grapnel. rCAaiicer.] G R A P ' T O L I T E S, n. [Gr. ,-j«t.«, written, inscribed, and KiOm, stone. J A araptolilc-, Or(iptolilhU3 MiirchhOfi genus of fossil zoophytes which present the appearance of writing or sculpture, found in the Silurian shales. GRASP INGLY, adv. In an eager, grasping manner. GRASS, V. t. [add.] To furnish with grass ; to bleach flax on the grass or ground. GRASS'-FINCU, ) n. Poijphila and GRASS'-QUIT, ) Spermophila, exo- tic passerine birds belonging to the finch family, so called from feeding chiefly on the seeds of grasses. GRASS'-HEARTH, n. [Sax. ffrass- hurth.] In law, the grazing or turning up tlie earth witli a plough, an ancient customary service of tenants bringing their ploughs, and doing one day's work for tlieir lord. GRASTE,t pp. Graced; favoured. [Spenser.] GRAT, pret. of Greet. Cried ; wept. [Scotch.] GRATCHE,t n. fnr Graith. GRATICULA'TION, n. Tlie division of a design or draught into squares, fur the purpose of reducing it to smaller dimensions, or enlarging it; so called from its resembling lattice-grating. GRATI'OLA, n. Hedge-hyssop, a genus of plants, nat. order Scrophulariace.x'. G. officinalis grows in meadows in Europe ; it has been held in great re- pute as a remedy in visceral obstruc- tions, liver aft'ections, dropsy, scurvy, &c. It is extremely bitter, and acts violently both as a purgative and emetic, and in over-doses it is a violent poison. GRA'TIOUS,t a. Gracious ; graceful ; handsome. [Spenser.] GRATU'ITOUS DEEDS, «. In laic, deeds which are made without good and legal consideration. GRATU'ITODSNESS, n. The quality of being gratuitous. GRAT'ULATE, a. Felicitous; to be rejoiced at; joyous. [Shak.] GRAT'ULATORY, n. A congratula- tion; an address or expression of joy to a person on account of some good re- ceived by him, GRAVA'iMEN, n. [L.] In taw, the grievance complained of; the substan- tial cause of the action. — 2. Complaint; burden. GRAVE'-DIGGER, ;;. The common name in Jamaica for a hymenopterous insect of the genus Sphex, which digs holes in the clay, in which it deposits its egg, with a store of disabled cater- pillars and spiders, which serve as food to tlie grul) when liatched, GRAVEL-PIT, n. A bed of gravel. GRAVEN, pp. from Grace. Graved; engr.aved. GRAVING,;;, [add.] The act of cut- ting figures in hard substances; tlie act of cleaning a ship's bottom. GREEK CHURCH GRIDE GEOFF GRAV'ITATIVE.a. Causing to gravi - tate, or tend to a centre. [Coleridge.] GRAY, n. [add.] An animal of a gray colour; as a horse, a badger, and a kind of salmon. GRATLE,t n. [Fr. ffre.'e.] Gravel. [Spetiser.] GRAY -MALKIJJ, n. A gray cat. [Shall.] GRAY'-MARE, n. The gray mare is the belter horse^ a cant phrase applied to a wife who rules her husband. GRAY'-STONE, n. In seu/., a grayish or greenish compact, volcanic rock, composed of feldspar and augite, or hornblende, and allied to basalt. GRAZIjS'G, n. [add.] The act of feed- ing on grass ; the raising or feeding of cattle on grass. GRE,t n. [Fr.] Pleasure; satisfaction. — The gre, the prize. [Cltaucer.] GRE.f n. [L. gracilis.] A step ; a de- gree; superioritv. [Chancer.] GRE.\T, a. [add.] Distinguished; ex- cellent ; admirable ; as, she is great on the piano. [Collofjuial.] GREAT -CIR'€LE SAILING, n. The manner of conducting a ship, so that her track may be along or nearly along an arc of a great circle that passes through the zenitli of the place left, and that of the place to -which she is bound, the arc of a great circle being the curve of shortest distance between the two places. Tliis mode of sailing is preferable to any other, as by means of it, a great saving of distance is ob- tained, especially in high latitudes and long voyages. [See Baper^s Practice of Navigatinn.] GREAT'-HUXT,+ n. Tlie execution of law and justice. [Spejiser.] GREAT'-MERCY,t n. [Fr. grand- merci.] Great favotir. [Spenser.] GREAT'-SEAL, h. The principal seal of a sovereign, or of the chief executive office of a government, for the sealing of charters, commissions, &c. [See Seal.] GREAT SYMPATHETIC KERVE, 71. In anal.y a nerve formed by a collec- tion of filaments from all the nerves whicli join each otlier at the adjacent ganglia. GREAT' TITHES, ii. The tithes of corn, hav, and wood. [See Tithes.] GREAVE.t ) n [Sax. gerefa.] A stew- GRlKVEjf j ard ; a peace-officer; a reeve. [See Reeve.] — In Scotland, an overseer; a manager of a farm; an overseer of any work. GREAVES, )i plnr. Tlie insoluble parts of tallow gatliered from the melting- pots, and made up into cakes for dog's meat. In Scotland such cakes are called cracklings. GREDE,t n. [Sax.] A greedy person. [Chancer.] GREDE,t r. i. [Sax. urcrdan ; Goth. greitan ; Scot, greet.] To cry ; to weep. [Chaucer.] GKEE, n. [Fr. !7re, pleasure; satisfac- tion.] Favour; lildng or satisfaction; estimation. [5/'ew5er.] — In law, satis- faction for an otfence committed, or an injtiry done. GREE, n. A step; a degree; pre-emi- nence; superiority; fame. — To bear the gree, to have the victory ; to carry off the prize. [.S'cu^cA,] GREE, V. i. To agree; to live in amity. [Scotch.] GREE, V. t. To reconcile parties at variance. [Scotch. ] GREER' CHURCH, n. The eastern church ; that part of Christendom ■which separated from the Roman or western church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia, Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia, and is go- verned by patriarchs. GREEK'iSM, n. Same as Gkecism. GREEN, a. [add.] Uncouth ; raw; in- experienced ; easily imposed upon. [Viijaarism.] GREEN'-BONE, n. A local name for the gar-pike (Belone vulgaris), from the colour of its bones when boiled. The viviparous blenny (Zoarces) is also so called from a similar reason. GREEN'-HAND, n. One raw and in- experienced. GREEN'-HEART TREE, n. The A>c- tandra rodifpi, a native of Guiana, the bark of which yields beeberine, an alkaloid of great value in interraittents. GKEEN'-HORN, n. [add.] A youth easily imposed upon; unacquainted with the world. GREEN'-MINERAL, n. A carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. GREEN'OCKITE, n. [From Lord Greenock, now Earl Cathcart.] A na- tive sulphuret of cadmium, presenting a honey-yellow ororange-yellow colour. Occurs in Renfrewshire and Dumbar- tonshire. GREEN -ROOM, n. In theatres, aroom near the stage, to which actors retire during the intervals of their parts in the play. It is so c.iUed from being p-iinted or decor.ated in green. GREENS, n. pliir. The leaves of various plants, as spinach, cabbage, &c., boiled in their green state for food. GREE SHOCH, \n. Hot embers; pro- GRIE SOCH, ) perlythose of peats or moss -fuel. — Also, a peat -fire. [Scotch.] GREET, f. i. To weep; to cry. [Scotch.] GREETE,t n. [See Greet.] Weeping and complaint. [Spenser.] GREETING, ppr. 'Weeping; crying. [Scotch.] GREGORIAN, a. [add.] Gregorian epoch, the time from n hich the Gre- gorian calendar or computation dates, that is. from the year 15S2. GRENA DO, n. See Grexade. GRENE'HEDE.t n. [Sax.] Childish- ness. [Chaucer.] GRESE.t'!. [Fr.] Grease. [Chaucer.] GRETE;,! r. i. See Geede in this Supp. [Chaucer.] GRETTE,t pret. of Greet. Greeted; saluted. [Chaucer.] GREVES.t n. plur. [Sax.] Groves. [Chaucer.] GREW, )v. 1. To shudder; to shiver; GRUE, f to be filled with terror; to feel horror. [Scotch. | GREWSOME, » «. FrightfiU; hor- GRUE'SOME, ( rible; ugly. [Sco(c7i.] GREY, 7!. The bull-trout (Salmo eriox). GREY-FALCON, n. The common or peregrine falcon. GREY -FLY, n. The trumpet-fly. GREY'-OWL, 71. The ivy-owl, Stri.r strtdula of Linn. GREYS, 1 n. A Scottish re- SCOTCH-GREYS, \ giment of caval- ry in the British service, so named from the horses being all of a grey colour. GRI'AS, 7!. A genus of plants, nat. or- der MjTtaceie. There is but one spe- cies, G. caulijlora, the anchovy-pear, a native of Jamaica. The fruit is an ovate berry, about the size of an alliga- tors egg, and is pickled and eaten in the same way as the mango. GRlDEjfi'P. Grided; pierced. [.SjpeTj- ser.] 190 G RIDIEON, 71. [add. J The frame upon which a ship rests for inspection or re- pair at low -water. It is formed of cross- beams of wood. GRIEF, 71. [add.] Bodily pain. [Sftaft.] — Griefs, grievances. [Shak.] GRIEVE, In. [Sax. gerefa, or Gael. GREEVE, ) graf] In Scotland, a ma- nager of a farm, or overseer of any work ; a reeve ; a manorial bailiflr. [See Greave in this 5Mi)i).] GRIFFIN, 71. A name of the bearded- vulture, Gi/ptPtiis barbatus, known also by the name of lammergeyer. GRIFTON-LIKE, or GRIFFIN- LIKE. GRILL, V. t. [add.] To torment as if by broiling. GRILLE.t a. [Qu. from gristi/.'] Hor- rible. [Chaucer.] GRILL'ED, pp. or a. BroUed; tor- mented. GRILL'ING, ppr. Broiling; torment- ing. GRILSE, 7!. [add.] The name of the young of the common salmon on its first return from sea. GRIMM, 77. A species of antelope {A. orimmia). GRIN, for Grind. [Syjcnser.] GRIND'ING,p;)r. or a. [add.] Oppress- ing; harassing. GRINT.t for Grindeth. [Chaucer.] GRINTE,t pret. of Grind. Ground. [Chaucer.] GRINT'ING.t W>r. Grinding; gnash- ing. [Chaucer.] GRIP.t f. '• [add.] To cut into ditches or furrows ; to grasp by the hand ; to gripe; to seize forcibly; to hold fast. [Scotch.] GRIPE, 71. [add.] The cutwater and lower ends of a ship's stem, connected with the keel. They are not unfre- quently called the fare-gripe. — Also, the compass of a ship's stern under water. GRIPED, pp. Grasped; held fast; squeezed ; oppressed ; secured by gripes, as a ship's boat. GRIP LE,t a. [See Gripple.] Griping; tenacious. [Spenser.^ GRIPPE, 71. A French term applied to various epidemic forms of catarrh. GRIP'PIE, J a. Avaricious; disposed to GRIPTY, ) defraud. — Grippie for grippie, gripe for gripe; fair play iu wrestling. [Sco^cA.] GRIPPIT, pp. Laid hold of; seized forcibly. [Scotch. | ORIS LINESS, H. Quality of being grisly, or horrible. GRI'SON, 77. A South American ani- mal of the glutton liind, a bttle larger than a weasel. GRIT, 71. [add.] Courage; spirit. [American viilgaristn.] GRIT, a. Great. [Seo^cA.] GRIT-ROCK, 71. See Grit, No. 4. GRIZE. 71. Step; degree. [Shah.] [See Grise.] GKIZZLY-BEAR,) n. A large and GKISLY-BEAR, j ferocious bear of Western North America, the Ursvs ferox. [See Bear.] GKO.\N ER, 71. One who groans. GRO CER'S ITCH, 7i. A disease, a va- riety of eczema impeiigiuoides, produced in grocers by the irritation of sugar. GROCERY, 71. [add.] Grocery, for a grocer's shop, is an American use of the word. GROCHE,t !•■ '■ (grotch.) [Sax.] To grudge ; to murmur. [Chaucer.] GROFF,t a. Grovelling; flat on the ground; low; prostrate. [Chaucer.] GROSSULTNE GROUSE GUAIAC GROG'GEUY, n. A place where grog and other liquors are sokl and drunU ; a grog-shop. [American.] GROG'-SIIOP,)!. A place where grog, or rum, gin, &c., is sold by retail. GROIN, n. [add.] In engiiieeriniJ, a wooden breakwater to retain sand or mud thrown up by the tide. GROINE.t ". [Fr.] The snout of a swine; a hanging lip. [Chaucer.] GKOINE,t V. i. To groan or grunt ; to hang the lip in discontent. [Chaucer.] GROIN'ED ARCH, n. An arch formed Groined Arch. by the intersection of two semicylin- ders or arches. GRONE.t V. i. [Fr.] To groan ; to grunt. [Chaucer.] GRONT.t pret. of Groan. Groaned. \ Chaucer.] GROOMING, n. The care and feeding of horses. GROOM'-PORTER, n. An officer in the houseliold of the sovereign of Eng- land who succeeded the master of revels, and superintended the royal gaming-tables, and other sports. The appellation is still retained. GROOVING AND TONGDE'ING, n. In johieri/, a mode of joining boards, which consists in forming a groove or channel along the edge of one board. -1 Grooved and TonRaed. and a projection or tongue on the edge of another board. When a series of boards is to be joined, each board has a tongue on its one edge and a groove on the other. GROS, a. (gro.) [Fr.] Thick; strong. [See Gross, a.] GROSBEAK, n. See Gkossbeak. GROSS, ». [add.] In gross^ in feudal taw, absolute; entire; not depending on another, as, a villain in grass. G R O S ' S A R T, » n. A gooseberry. GROS'ERT, ) [Scotch.] GROSS'BEAK, n. [add.] The gross- beaks, properly so called, belong to the family of finches (Fringillida;). They are arranged by Brisson under the genus Coccothraustes ; but several birds known by the name of grossbeah belong to different genera ; as the grenadier-grossbeak [Pyrometana orix):, the cardinal grossbeak {Cardinalis virginlamis). GROSS'-FED, a. Fed or supported grossly, or by gross food. GROSSIFIGA'TION, n. A thickening or making thick. In bot., a term ap- pUed to the swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization. GROSS'ULINE, n. [¥t. groseille, a gooseberry.] The name given to a pe- culiar principle obtained from goose- berries, and other acid fruits, forming the basis of jellv. GROSS'-WEIGHT, n. See Gros.s n. GROT,t /(. A groat; a coin worth four- pence. [Chaucer.] GROTESQUE', n. [add.] Artificial grotto-work. GROUND, n. [add.] To stand one's ground, to stand firm ; not to recede or yield. GKOUND'-ANNUAL, n. In Scots law, a ground-reut payable out of the ground before the tenement in a burgh is built. It is contra -distinguished from feu- anmtal. GROUND'-BASE, n. In music, a base consisting of a very few bars, which are continually repeated during the whole movement. GROUND'-CHERRY,n. An American weed (Pht/salis viscosa), liaving an in- flated calvx or seed-pod. GROUND'EN,t pv. of Grind. Ground. [Chaucer.] GROUND'-FORM, n. In grammar, a name given to the basis of a word to which the other parts are added in de- clension or conjugation. It is some- times, but not always, the same as the root. GROUND'-nOG, n. [add.] Also a name applied to the Orycteropus capensis, a large South African edentate quadru- ped, which burrows in the ground. GROUND'-JOISTS, n. In areA., joists wiiich rest upon sleepers laid on the ground, or on bricks, prop-stones, or dwarf-walls. They are only used in basement or ground floors, GROUND'-LINE, n. In perspective, the intersection of the picture with the ground-plane. GROUND'LING, v. [add.] The fish so called is the spined loach (Botia tcenia), and also the black goby (Gobius niger), the former common in fresh-water, the latter on the coast. GROUND'LING, n. AncieuUii, one who stood in the pit of the theatre, which was literally on the ground, having neither floor nor benches. GROUND'-LIZARD, n. A species of lizard {Ameiva dursalis), very common in Jamaica, which frequents the road- sides and open pastures. GROUND'-NICHE, n. In arch., a niche whose base or seat is on a level with the ground-floor. GROUND'-NUT, n. [add.] [SeeEABTii- NuT.] — 2. The American name of a leguminous twining plant, Apios tube- rosa, producing clusters of dark purple flowers, and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. GROUND'-PIG, n. The name of a South African rodent animal (Aulaco- dus swinde7-ianus), so named from its burrowing habits. GROUND' -TACKLE, n. [add.] A general term for the anchors, cables, warp.s, springs, &c., used for securing a vessel at anchor. GRGUND'-WaYS, n. In ship-building, a substantial foundation of wood or stone for the blocks whereon a vessel is built. GROUPED' €OLUMNS or PILAS- TERS, n. In arcli., a term used to de- note three, four, or more columns placed upon the same pedestals. When two only are placed together, they are said to be coupled. GROUSE, n. [add.] Wood-grouse, or eock-of-the-wood, Tetrao urogaltus ; black grouse, or heath-cock, T. tetrix ; ruffed grouse, Jionasia vmbeltus, an 191 American species ; red grouse, or moor- cock, Tetrao scoticus ; white grouse, the ptarnu,'an ; long-tailed grouse, T. phasianellus ; Canada grouse, T. cana- densis ; pinnated grouse, T. cupido. GROUT, n. [add.] Lees; that which purges off ; wort of the last running. GROUT, V. t. To fill up, as the joints or spaces between stones, GROUT'ING, n. In arch., the process of filling in or finishing with grout ; the gi'out thus filled in. GROUT'NOL, «. See Growthead. GROWER, n. [add.] A cultivator; one who causes to grow. GROW'ING-POINT, n. In hot., the soft centre of a bud, over which the nascent leaves are formed, and aU modi- fications of it. GKO YN'ED,+ pret. of Groine or Groan. Groaned ; grunted. [Spenser.] GROYN'ING.t ". [See Groine.] Dis- content. [Chaucer.] GRUB, n. [add.] Food; victuals, [Vul- gar.] GRUB'- AXE, Ji. A tool used in digging up trees, shrubs, &c. GRUB'BING, n. Operation of digging up trees, shrubs, &c., by the roots. GRUB'BING, in>r. Digging up by the roots. GRUB'-STREET, a. Mean; low; vile. GRUDOE, 1', t. [add.] To cherish or entertain from motives of malevolence or sullen discontent. Perish they Tliat grudgt oue tlioiiglit ii^auist your ma- jesty, aiialt. GRUE, 1'. !. See Grew. GRU'-GRU, n. The grub of the large coleopterous insect Calandra palma- rum; it lives in the stems of palm-trees, and also in the sugar-cane, and forms a tit-bit to the natives of South America. GRU'IDjE, n. A family of wading birds, of which the crane (Grus) is the type. GRU'MACH, a. Ill-favoured. [Scotch.] GRU'MOSE, a. Same as Grumous. GRUMPH, V. i. To grunt; to make a noise like a sow, [Scotch.] GRUMPH, n. A grunt. [Scotch.] GRUMPH'lE, n. A sow. [Scotch.] GRUM'PILY, adv. In a surly or gruff manner, [Local.] GRUM'PY, a. Surly; angry; gruff. [Local.] GRUND, 71. Ground. [Scotch.] GRUN'DEL, 71. The fish called ground- ling. GRUNT, n. [add.] Loud lament; as, to gru7it and sweat under a weary life. [Shah.] — Dift'erent species of fishes of the genus Ha-mulon are popularly called grunts in the West Indies. They are highly esteemed as food, and are gene- rally beautifully marked and coloured. GRUNT'ER, n. [add.] A hog, [Craven dialect.] GRUN'TLE, w. The snout; a grunting sound. [Scotch.] G R U N T ' L I N G, n. A young hog, [Crave7i dialect.] GRYDE,t V. t. [See Gride.] To cut or pierce. [Spe7iser.] GRfDE,-)^ pp. Pierced. [Spe7iser.] GUA€H'ARO BIRD, n. [add.] The Stcator7iis caripensis, belonging to the family of goatsuckers. It is a native of South America, where it was discovered by Humboldt and Bonpland, and is about the size of a common fowl. Thi< is the only frugivorous nocturnal bird yet known. It is valued for its oil. GUA'IAG, n. Guaiacum. GUA'IAG, a. Relating to guaiacum. CUDDLE GUILDA MEBCATORIA GUNGE GUA'IACie ACID, n. An acid ob- tnined from the resin of guaiacum. GUA'IACUM, instead of GUAIA'- €UM. GU'AN, n. Penelope, a genus of South American gallinaceous bii'ds, allied to the curassows. GUANIF'EROUS, a. Yielding guano. GUARANTEE',!'./, instead of GUAR'- ANTEE. GUARANTEE',n. instead of GUAR'- ANTEE. GUARANTEED', pp. instead of GUARANTEED. GUARANTY, h. See Guarantee. GUARD, w. [add.] Guards of a steam- boaty a widening of the deck by a frame- work of strong timbers, which curve out on each side to the paddle wheels, and protect them and the shaft against collisions with wliart's and other boats. GUARD'AGE,t n. In Imv, state of wardship. GUaRD'ANT, 7j. a guardian. [Shak.'] GUARD'ED, rp. [add.] Faced; bor- dered; trimmed. [Shak.] — Edged with lace, &c.; a term frequently applied to various parts of dress. GUARDIAN, H. [add.] In ^aw, a per- son who has the charge or custody of legitimate infants or wards, no others being the subjects of tutelage at com- mon-law. The different kinds of guar- dians recognized in the law of England are the following: — (1.) Gnardians by tlie common-law. (2.) Guardians by cus- tom. (3.) Guardians by statute. Guar- dians by the common-law were of four kinds : gnardians in chivalry, in socage, by nature, and for nurture. Guardian- ship in chivalry is now abolished. — Guardian in socage. This species of guardianship is a consequence of tenure, and takes place only where lands of socage tenure descend upon an infant under the age of fourteen ; the guar- dianship of the minor devolving upon his next of blood, to whom the inheri- tance cannot possibly descend. — Guar- dianship by 7?rt/Hre, that which belongs to the ancestor in respect of his heir- apparent, male or female. — Guardians for nurture, tlie father and mother of the infant till the age of fourteen. — Guardianship hij custom. This obtains in copyholds and certain cities and boroughs. Guardians by statute are appointed by virtue of the statute I'J, Car. II., c. 24. Under this statute, fathers, wliether under age or of full age, may by deed or will attested by two witnesses, appoint any person or persons (except Popish recusants) guar- dians of their unmarried children until they attain twenty-one, or for any less period. GUARD'IANIZE, v. i. To act the part of a guardian, yitare.'] GUAUD'^SIIIP,/!. [add.] The war-ves- sel whence all orders from the com- mander-in-chief of the port are dated. GUAHEA, H. A genusof plants, nat. or- der Meliacea'. The species are tall trees. GUAR'ISH.t V. t. [add.] To garnish; to dress out gorgeously. [Spenser. \ GUBERNATO'RIAL, a. [add.] [An American term.] GUD'DLE. V. To operate in an imper- fect or indifferent manner. Techni- caVy, (1.) To proceed differently to the ordinary practice, more operosely, more clumsily, and less efficiently ; work done thus botchingly is guddied, and the workman is a guddler. (2.) To accom- plish an intended purpose tentatively, and not according to any precise rule, c. g., in wood-carving, cabinet-work, »S;c., double curves are generally com- bined harmoniously merely by guddUng tliem into each other, till the effect is satisfactory to the eye. [Scotch.^ GUDE, ) «. Good. — Gude-dame, grand- GUID, j" mother. — Gude-man, good- man ; husband. — Gude -sire^ grand- fiither. — Gude - sister, sister - in - law. [Scotch.] GUDGEON, n. [add.] Gudgeons are the rudder-braces or bands of a ship. — Also, the notches in the carrlck-bits for receiving the metal bushes, wherein the spindle of a windlass traverses. GUE'BERS,) n. [Giaour, inhdel.] The GUE'BRES, ) name given by the Ma- hometans to tlie Persian iire-worship- ]ters, called in India Parsees. They live chietly in the deserts of Caramania, towards the Persian Gulf, and in the province of Yerd Keram. They wor- ship tire as a symbol of the Supreme Being. Their sacred books are termed Zend-ai'esfa. GUELPH'IC ORDER, n. A Hano- verian order of knighthood founded in 1S15 by Geo. IV., then Prince Regent, and entitled the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order. It consists of grand crosses, commanders, and knights, both civil and military. GUER'DONLESS,t r7. instead of GUERDONLESS. GUERII/LA, n. or a. [Sp. little war.] A term applied to an irregular mode of carrjing on war against an enemy by the constant attacks of independent bands. It was adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular war. The term is for the most part used adjec- tively; as, guerilla bands, guerilla chief, guerilla soldier, &c. GUESS, V. i. [add. J This verb is much used coUoquially in the United States, in the sense of to believe, to suppose, to think, to imagine, to fancy. GUESS'-M" ARP, n. In tnaj^ine Ian., a rope having one end fastened to a dis- tant object, in order to warp a vessel towards the object. It is also called a guest-rope or guess-rope. GUESS'-WARP-BOOM, «. A spar run out fi'om the side of a vessel, witli a rope attached near its outer extre- mity, for boats to ride by when the vessel is at her moorings. GUESS'-WORK, n. Work performed at hazard or by mere conjecture. GUEST'EN, V. I. To lodge as a guest. [Scotch.] GUEST'-TAKER,t ?i. An agistor; one who took cattle to feed in the royal forests. GUFFAW',) n. A loud burst of laugh- GAFFAW',j ter. [Scotch.] GUF'FER, n. A local name for a fish, the viviparous blenny {Zoarces vivi- parus). GUlD'AfiE, n. [add.] An old legal term signifying that wliich is given for safe- conduct through a strange land or un- known country. GUID'ED,?^;). Used; treated; managed; taken care of. [Scotch.] GUIDE -TUBE, 7J. In mech., any con- trivance by which a boring-bit or drill is guided, but which consists commonly of a iixed tube to prevent swerving. GUILD, n. [add.] A tribute or tax ; an amercement. GUILDA MERCATO'RIA, n. [Law L.] Merciiant's guild, a liberty or pri- vilege granted to merchants, whereby they are enabled to hold certain pleas of land, &c., within their own precincts. 192 GD'ISARDS,) 71. GU'IZARDS.J^ J GTSAKTS, ) p GUILD-RENTS, n. Rents payable to the crown by any guild or fraternity. GUILED, «. Deceiving; as, the ffuiUti shore. [iSVfrtA.] GUILXEiMOT, n. [iJd.] The guille- mots constitute the .i:enus Uria of Bris- son. The foolish guillemot is the U. tvoile ; the black guillemot, the U. giylle. GUILLOCHE', H. instead of GUIL'- LOCHE. GDIL'LOTINE, i-. t. To behead or . t. To foiTn a channel by the action or force of running water. [Americatt. | GUL'LT, n. [add.] An iron tram-plate or rail. GUII, V. i. To exude or form gum. GUM'-ANIMAL, n. The Galugo sene- galensh, a quadrumanous animal of Western Africa, is so called, from feed- ing much on gum. GUM'-ANIME. See AaiME. GUM-CIST'US, n. A plant, a species of rock-rose. GUM'-ELEML See Elemi. GUM'-JUNIPER, n- A concrete resin which exudes in white tears from the Jifitiperus commtcn^'s. [See Juniper.] GUM MA, n. [L.] A soft tumour. GUMMIF'EROUS, a. Producing gum. GUM'-RASH, II. A disease; red gum. GUM'-SANDARA€H, 71. See Sanda- RACH. GUJI'-WATER, 71. A distillation from gum. GUM'-WppD, 7!. A name given to the wood of some species of Eucalyptus. GUN'-€OT'TON, 7i. A highly explosive substance produced by soaking cotton or any vegetable fibre, in nitric and sul- phuric acids, and then leaving it to dry. It is used as a substitute for gunponder, GUN -FiRE, 71. In raiVifoi;/ ntfairs, the hour at which the morning or evening gun is fired. GUN 6E, 71. In i?c7i(;j?, a public gra- nary or store ; a mart. GUTTA PEKCHA GYMNASIDM GYRI GUN'JAU, 7!. In the East Indies, the tiried plant of the Cannahis ijtdica after it has 6o\vere^«r. [Fr.] The name given to the lower class of Canadians of French origin. II ABIT'UALNESS, n. Quality of being habitual. HABUN DANT,t«. Abundant. [CftflH- cer.] HACIEN'DA, «. [Sp.] Landed proper- ty; estate or possession; an isolated farm or farm-house. HACK, n. [add.] A drudge or a person overworked; a writer employed in the drudgery and details of book-making. HACK, a. [add.] Much used or worn, like a Iiired horse. HACKENAIE,t H. [Fr.] An ambling horse or pad. [Chaucer.] HACK EKY, H. A rude cart used by the natives of India for the transport of goods, tfcc., across the rough and ill- made roads of the country. It is drawn by oxen. HACK'ING, ?J/)r. [add.] Coughing in a broken manner. — 2. a. Short and in- terrupted; as, a hacking coui^h. HACK'NEY, n. [add.] By theAct 1 and 2 William IV., c. 22, every carriage with two or more wheels, used for ply- ing for hire in any pubhc street, at any place within five miles from the gene- ral post-otlice in London, of whatever form or construction, or whatever be the number of persons which it is cal- culated to convey, or the number of horses by which it shall be drawn, sliall be deemed a hachnei/-carria(je. HAD, V. t. To liold. [Scotch.] H/VDDEN, Pi). Holden. [Scotch.] HAD'DEN,t pret. plur. of Have. [Chaiicer.] HAD'DIES, ) Tj J, T rc . ; 1 H VD'DOWS ("■ "^""ocks. [Scotch.] HAD'DIN, )«. A possession; aplace HAUD'ING, f of residence; means of support. [Scotch. I HAD JEE, 1 w. [Arab.] A Mussulman HADJI, J who has performed his pilgrimage [hadj) to Mecca. HAE, ». Possession; property. [Scotch.] HA*E, V. t. To have. [Scotch] H^CCE'ITY,t n. [From L. ho'c, this.] A word used by the schoolmen to de- note the essence of individuality; lite- rally, thisness. HiEMA, n. [Gr. j. nourishment.] An excess of san- guineous nutriment. H.ERED'ITAS, n. [L.l Inheritance. H.^'RES, H. [L,] An iieir. H A F,t pret. of Hevey or Heave. Heaved ; niised. \ Chaucer.] HAF ENDEALE,t adv. See Halfen- DEAL. [Chaucer.] HAFF'LIN,) n. [Haff-hng.] A strip- HAF'LIN, > ling; a person who is HALFXIN, } half-witted.— As an ad- jective, not fully grown; half; half- long. [Scotch.] HAF'LINS, \adv. Partly; in part. HALF'LINGS, f [Scotch.] HAG, J n. A stroke with an axe or HAGG, ) other sharp and heavy instru- ment; a notch; one cutting or felling of a certain quantity of copsewood ; brushwood, [5co/cA.] HAG, H. [Scotch.] A quagmire. HAG'ARD HAUIvE,t n. [See Hag- gard.] A vidld hawk. [5';>t?/wer.] HAG'BUT, n. [Old Fr. hacquebute.] A kind of firearms anciently used. The Scottish hagbut is supposed to be the same as the arquebuse. It was lar- ger than a musket, and had a croche, or hook, by means of which it was fixed to a kind of tripod, or small carriage. HAG-FISH, n. A fish {iyi/j:i?ie glti- 194 tinosa) resembling a small eel. [See Hag.] HAG'GARD, n. [add.] An untrained or refractory hawk which often broke away or fiew off; a hag. HAG'GED, a. [add.] Hogged face, the face of a witch or hag. [Grat/.] HAG'GIES, \ c ij HAGGIS, '["•'S^eHAGGESS. HAGGS, n. Pits and sloughs in moss- ground. [Scotch.] HA6IOC RACY, n. [Gr. i-w, holy, and xsotTEA/, to govern.] The government of the pi-iesthood ; a sacred government; a hierarchy. HA^IOGRAPHY, «. [add] In the Roman Catholic church, the lives of the saints. HAGlOL'OCiY, n. [add.l That branch of literature which has to do with the history of the lives and legends of the saints; as, the hagiologj/ of the church of Rome. HAGIOSCOPE, 71. [Gr.i3.,«, sacred, and iTKCTf}, view.] In medieval arch.y the same as S'^iiMNX, — which see. HAG SEED, H. The descendant of a hag. [Shah.] HAG'- TAPER, n. A plant, the great woollv mullein. Verbascum thapstts. HAG UEBUT, H. pron. hagebut. HAID11S'6EK1TE, 7i. An ore of anti- mony, which consists of snlphuret of antimony and proto-sulphuret of ii'on. The colour is vhite and transparent, with a vitreous lustre and white streak. HAlE,t n. [Fr.J A hedge. [See Hay.J [Chaucer.] HaIK, «. A large piece of woollen or cotton cloth worn by the Arabs over the tunic, but under the burnoose. Also written Hi/ke. [T7t. Campbell.] HAIL, f. i. [add J To hail from^to have or assign as one's residence or place of abode ; to come from ; to belong to. A ship is said to hail from the port where she is retristered. HAILL, I a. "NVhole; entire; sound; in HALE, ) good health. — As a noun, the whole. [5('o^-^.] HAIL'-MIXED, a. Mingled with hail. tlie drifted luilmlenre Of hait-mixed snuws. Slallrt. HAIL'SOME, ) a. Contributing to HALE SOME, | health; wholesome. [Scotch.] HaIN, \v. t. To spare; not to exhaust HaNE, J by labour; to save; not to expend. — As a verb neider, to be par- simonious or penurious. [^I'co/cA.] HAINOUS, a. ^Sec Heinous. HAIR'-BROOM, n. A broom made of hair. HAlU'-BRUSH,7i. A brush for dressing and smoothing the hair. HA1R'-DKESSEI\,H. One who dresses or cuts hair ; a barber. HAlRE,t 71. [Fr.] A hair-cloth. [Chau- cer.] HAIR'INESS. Misplaced: see after Hairless. IlAUr-LACE. instead of IlAH^LACE. HAIR'-HCHEN,H. The Lichen pilaris, HALF-LAP COUPLING HALOID HAND-FAST a variety of lichenous rush, in which the small tubercles are limited to the roots of the hairs of the skin, and desquamate after ten days. HAIK'-LlIvE, a. Resembling hair. HAIR'-LINE, n. A line made of hair; a very slender line. HaIK'-SHIKT,h. a shirt made of hair; a coarse shirt. HAIU'-TAIL, u. Theblade-fish.or Tri- chiurus lepiurus, a marine fish with a pointed tail, is so called. HAK*;, n. [add.] A hook. [Zoca?.]— A frame for holding cheeses ; a racli for cattle or horses to feed at. [^Scotch.~\ HAK'EM, ^ n. In the East, a comman ■ HAK'I.M, ) der, ruler, or governor; a master; the governing authority in a province ; a physician. UAK'EMITE, a. Relating to the caliph Hakem, or to astronomical tables pub- lished under the caliph Hakem. HAK'ENEY.t n. [See Hacknev.] An ambling horse ur pad. [Chaucer. \ HAIiE'S'DAME, n. The forked hake {Physis bifurcus), a fish of the cod fa- mily, is so named in Cornwall. IlAIi. ETON.t n. A military coat of defence. — A short coat, cassock, or jacket without sleeves. [Chaucer.] [See Hai^ueton. | HALCYON'ID^, n. The king-fishers, a family of insessorial birds, remark- able for the great length of their bill, and the extreme shortness of their feet, HALD'EN, for lIoLDEN, 2>1'- of Hold. [Chaucer.] HALE,t for Hole. [Spenser.] HALE, )i. A violent pull ; a haul ; act of dragging forcibly. HALE'SIA, n. Snow-drop tree, a genus of North American plants, nat. order Styracea;. All the species are most beautiful and valuable slu'ubs, on account of their flowering so early in the season. HALJ?', adv. [add.] Equally ; by half. Half, a. Consisting of a moiety or half. HALF -BREADTH PLAN, rt. In ship- building, the horizontal or floor plan of a ship. HJVLF'-BRED, a. [add.] Partially or imperfectly acquainted with the rules of good breeding. HXLF'-BREED, n. or a. Ualf-blood. HALF'-BROTHER, n. A brother by one parent, but not by buth. HALF'-CASTE, w. In India, one born of a Hindoo parent on the one side, and of a European on the other. HALF'-€OCIi, n. Wlien the cock of a gun is retained by the first notch, the gun is said to be at or on haij'-cnch. HALFE,t7i. [Sax.] Aside; a part.— A' Goddes hatfe, on (j ud's part ; with God's favour. — A this halfe God, on this side of God. — Four halves, four sides. HALF'-HEAKTED, a. Uliberal; un- generous; unkind. HALF-UOL'IDAY, n. A half of a day given to children in schools for recrea- tion. HALF'-LAP COUPLING, n. In mill- worh, a kind of permanent coupling, in HalMap Coupling. which the boss-ends of the connected shafts are made semi-cylindrical, so as to overlap each other. The coupling- box is a plain cylinder bored to fit, and is kept in its place by a parallel key or feather, as shown in the annexed figure. This is reckoned the best form of all the varieties of permanent coupling. HSLF'-MEASURE, n. An imperfect plan of operation ; a feeble effort. HALF'-PAY, n. [add.] Reduced pay; seldom literally half of the full pay ; a reduced allowance paid to an officer when not in actual service. HALF'-PENCE, n. Small particles, fragments, or divisions ; as, she tore the letter into a thousand half- pence. [Shah.] HALF'-PHYSrCIAN, n. A medical practitioner imperfectly skilled in his profession. UALF'-SISTER, n. A sister by the father's side only, or by the mother's side only. HALF'-STUFF, n. Any material half- formed in the process of manufacture. HALFT, n. Dwelling; custody. [Sir W. Scott. \ HALFT ED, pp. or a. Domiciled. ^Sir W. ScoH.] HALF-TIDE, n. The period of six hours; half the duration of a single tide. HALF'-TIDE dock, n. A basin con- necting two or more docks, and com- municating with the entrance-basin. HALF'-TINT, v. An intermediate co- lour ; middle tint. — In painting, such a colour as is intermediate between the extreme lights and strong shades of a picture. HALF'-TONGUE, n. In law, a term applied to the trial of foreigners, when one-half of the jury are English, and the other half of the same country as the defendant. HALF'-YEARLY, a. Two in a year ; semi-annual. HALF'-YEARLY, adv. Twice in a year; semi-annually. HAL'IARD, 71. See Halliard. HAL'IBUT, ( n. [add.] The Hippoglos- HOL'IBUT, ) sus vulgaris of Fleming, belonging to the family Pleuronectidse. HAL'IDAM.t » By halidam, by the holy dame or vii'gin. HAL IDOM, n. Holiness. [SJiah] HALIO'TID^E, n. The ear-shells, a family of phytophagous gasteropods, named from the genus Haliotis, — which see. HALKE,t n. [Sax. healc] A corner. [Chaucer.] HALL, n. [add.] A closet or chamber. [Spenser.] UALL'AOE, n. Tolls paid for goods or merchandise vended in a hall. HAL'LAN, n. A partition between the door of a cottage and the fireplace, serving to shelter the inner part of the house from the cold air of the door when it is opened. [Scott k.] HAL'LANSHARER, n. A sturdy beg- gar ; a beggarly knave ; a low fellow. [Scotch.] HAL'LIARD, ) n. [add.] HailiarJs, or HAL'YARD, ) halyards, are ropes or tackles to hoist and lower sails, yards, and gaifs. HAL'LIONS, n. Clowns ; rogues ; worthless idle fellows. [Scotch.] HALMATU'RUS, n. A genus of mar- supials belonging to the kangaroo family. These animals are natives of Australia, HA LOED, a. Surrounded by a halo. HALO(i ENOUS, a. Having the nature of halogens ; generating saline com- pounds. HA'LOID, a. instead of HALOID'. HALOID, n. A haloid salt. 195 HA'LOIDE, P. A sort of mineral, the salt of an oxide. HA'LOSEL, n. A haloid salt. HALPE,t pret. of Help. Helped. [Cha^icer.] HALS,t for Halse. [Chaucer] HALT, pret. of Hold. Held or kept. [Chaucer.] H.\LT,t for Holt, or Holdeth. [Chaucer.] HALTE,+ V. i. To halt ; to go lamely. [Chaucer.] H^LTl'CA, w. A genus of coleopterous insects, popularly known as flea-beetles. The turnip-flea (H. nemorum), some- times so destructive to the turnip-crops, furnishes an example. They have thickened femora to their hind legs, and jump, hence their scientific and popular names. HA'LY, a. Holy. [Scotch.] HAL'YARD, n. See Halliard. HAlME.t n. [Sax] Home. [Chaucer.] HAM'EL,t !>. t. [Sax.] To hamstring; to cut off. [Chaucer.] HAM'ELED,t a. Abated. HAME'LY, adv. Homely ; famihar. [Scotch.] HAM'ERS,t forHAM.MEBS. [CJiaucer.] HAMES, w. jtlur. Two crooked pieces of wood or iron which encompass a horse's collar. [See Hame.J HAM'MER, 71. [add.] A piece of steel covering the pan of a musket-lock. HAM'MER-FISII, 7i. A rapacious fi^li of the family Squalida?, the balance- fish, Zi/gana vulgaris; called also ham- mer-headed shark, from the shape of its head, which resembles a double- headed hammer. [See Shark.] HAM'MER-HEADED, a. Having a head like a hammer. [See Hammer- Fish in this Supp.] HAM'MOCK-RACKS, ) n. Cleats HAM'MOCK-BATTENS,) orbattens from which the hammocks are sus- pended. HAM'SHACKLE, r. /. To fasten the head of a horse or cow to one of its forelegs. [Scotch.] HAN,t in.iin. of Have. [Chaucer:] HAN'APER, 71. [add.] The clerkship of the hanaper is at present a sinecure. HAND, 71. [add.] State as to health; as, to be on the mending hand. — To lend a hand, to give assistance. — To bear in hand, to keep in a state of expecta- tion or dependence. [.Shah.] HAND,t V. i. To go hand in hand ; to co-operate. HAND, a. Belonging to, or used by the hand; much used in composition for that which is manageable or wrought by the hand ; as, hand-barrow, hand- bell, hand-loom, hand-saw, kc. HAND'- BIBLE, n. In seaman's Ian, a small hatchet used by seamen in cutting away anything, where a knife would be of no use. HAND-BILL, ti. An instriunent for pruning trees. — 2. A loose printed paper or sheet, to be circulated for the purpose of making some public an- nouncement. HAND-BOOK, 7i. A manual ; a small book for common or convenient use ; applied frequently to a guide-book for travellers. UAND'-CRAFT, ti. Work performed by the hand. [See Handicraft.] HAND-CRAFTSMAN, n. A work- man. [See Handicrafts.\ian.] HAND'-FAST, r. I. [add.] To betroth by joining hands, in order to cohabita- tion before the celebration of marriage. [An ancient custom in Scotla7td.] HAND-WRITING HARAiM HARFANG UA^^D'-FASTING, n. A kind of be- trothing by joining hands. In Scot- land, in ancient times, a kind of bc- trothnient or conditional marriage, according to which the parties lived together for a year and a day, at the end of which time they were at liberty to separate or renew the engagement for life. HAND'-GEAR,«. That arrangement of levers, tappets, or other contrivances, used for opening or shutting the valves of a steam-engine by hand. HAND'IOAP, ?j. In /(tfri-e-racmf;,a stake for horses of all ages. HAND'ING-UP, n. Among japanners, the operation of polishing by hand- rubbing; an artifice resorted to for clearing the surfaces of varnished ar- ticles when dull, and unsatisfactory in appearance. nAND'[vERCHER, «. Handkerchief. [Shak.] HAND'-LEAD, h. Among seamen, the lead which is used for sounding in rivers, harbours, or shoal-water, and which is much smaller than the deej)- sea lead. {See Lead. J IIAND'LER, H. One who handles. HAND'LOOM, n. A weaver's loom worked by the hand, as distinguished from a power-loom. IIAND'-PLANT, n. The Cheirostemon platanoidcs, a singular Mexican plant that produces a flower, the stamens of which are so arranged as to present an appearance somewhat like that of the human hand. [See Cheirostemon.] IIAND'RUFF, 7i. The original term for the ruffle. HAND'-SaLE, n. Act of selling by mutually shaking of hands; a custom among the Northern nations of shaking hands to bind a bargain or contract. HAND'-SAW, n. [add.] In the proverb, '* not to know a hawk from a handsaw,'' denoting great ignorance, hand-saw is a corruption of henishaic or heronshaio, the heron, — which see, llAND'-SEAX, n. The Anglo-Saxon dagger. HAND SEL, n. [add.] Handsel, or han- fie/,is a colloquial or famili.ir term much used both in England and Scotland to signify a gift; a New-year's gift; an earnest, or eiirnest-penny ; any gift or pxu'cliase at a particular time or season, as also the first use of anything. It also denotes the first money received in the morning for the sale of goods ; the first money that a merchant re- ceives in a shop newly opened ; the first present sent to a young woman on her wedding-day, &:c. HAND'SEL, ) u. t. [add.] To bestow HANSEL, [ any gift, or make any purchase at a particulai* time or setison ; to give an earnest or earnest-penny. HANDSELLED, pp. or a. [add.] Hav- ing received handsel. HANDSEL-MONDAY, n. The first Monday of the New-year, when it is usu:l1 for servants, children, and others to ask or receive presents or handset. HAND'SOMELY, adv. [add.] Among seamen, gradually and carefully. HAND'-WALED, a. Chosen; picked out with the hand ; carefully selected. [Scotch.] HAND -WHEEL, n. A small fly-wheel, having usually a handle iuaerted in the rim of it, to serve the purpose of a crank in a machine which is worked by hand. HAND'-WRITING, n. [add.] Proof of hand-writing, in law, a species of evi- dence applicable to cases in whicli the attesting witnesses to a deed are dead, or not to be found, or are incompetent. In such eases, if a witness acquainted with the writing of the grantor, and who has seen him write, or who has had a written correspondence with him, shall testify to his belief that the deed in question is in his hand-writing, such testimony is held sufficient to prove the deed. HAND Y-DANDY, n. [add.] A play among children in which something is shaken between two hands, and then a guess is made as to which hand it is retained in. HANE, V. t. See Hain. HANG, n. A steep declivity; a slope. [CofloquiaL] HANG, V. I. [add.] To hang on, or iijwti, to rest ; to reside ; to continue, as sleep on the eyelids. [Shak.] — To hang back, to recede; to go reluctantly forward. HANG'-BIRD, n. In America, a name famiharly given to the Baltimore oriide, from the peculiar construction of its nest. [See Hang-Nest.] HANG'-DOG, n. A term of reproach for a person of a base and degraded character, as if tit only to be the hang- man of dogs. HANG'ER, H. [add.] In rnee/*., a gallows attached to abeam overhead, and hang- ing vertically; called also a hanging- bracket. HANG'ING, H. [add.] Ilamjiug of doors, windows, &c., in arch., the act of plac- ing them upon centres, hinges, &c., for the convenience of opening and shut- ting. HANG'ING-VALVE, n. A species of valve common in rotatory steam-engines and pumps, so named from its position when open. HANK, n. [add.] A withy or rope for fastening a gate. [Local.] HANK, n. A coil ; anything resembling a wreath ; a skein of thread or small cord. [Scotch.] HANK'ERINGLY, adv. Longingly. HANKS, n. pliir. In ships, rings or hoops of rope, wood, or iron, put round a stay, and seized to the luff of a fore- and-aft sail, in order to confine it to the stay. HAN'SARD, n. A merchant of one of the Hanse-towns. HAN'SEL, n. See Handsel. HAN'SELINES, n. The loose breeches worn during tlie 10th century. HAN'TLE, 71. A considerable number; a great many; a great deal. [Scotch.] HAP, V. i. To hop. [Scotch.] HAP, V. t. To cover in order to conceal; to cover in order to defend from cold, or from rain, or snow ; to screen. [Scotch.] HAP'LESSLY, ado. In a hapless man- ner. HAPPE,t V. Hap; chance. [Chaucer.] HAPPE,t V. i. To happen. [Chaucer.] HAP'PER, «. A mill-hopper. [Scotch. i HAP'PIT, pp. Covered for warmth or security; also, hopped. [Scotch.] HAP'PY, V. t. To make happy. [Shak.] HAP'SHACKLE, v. t. Same as Ham- shackle, — which SVC in this Supp. — It also signities to tie the forelegs of cattle together to prevent them from straying. [Scotch.] HAQUE'BUT, n. (hak'but.) [Fr. haqite- bute.] A hand-gun; an arquebuse. HAQUETON. 6ee Hacqueton. HX'RAM, n. In the East, the women's division of a great or rich man's dwell- ing. [This term corresponds to the f7V«- a:ceum of the Greeks, and has not tho ill meaning usually applied to it in the West.] [See Harem.] HAR ASSMENT, n. The state of being harassed ; vexation. HARBOUR, H. [add.] Bar-harhuur, a hai'bour with a bar or bank at its ei;- trance, obstructing the passage of large vessels, or only admitting them at high- water. — Tide - harbour, or iid(d-har- bour, a harbour afiected in its deptii by the ebb and flow of the tide. HARBOUR-DUES, n. Certain charges to which a ship or its cargo is subjected in harbours. HaR'BROUGH,! ». [From harbour.] An inn ; a lodging. Usually written Hnrborough. [Spenser.] Hard: a. [add.] Backward; as, they were very hard to beheve the fact. HaRD'-BaKE, n. Treacle-cake. [Schoolboi/'s word.] HaRD'-BLAM, n. A plant; hornbeam. HaKD' cash, n. Silver or gold coin. [Colloquial.] HARDE,t V. t. [Sax.] To make hard; to harden. [Chaucer.] HARDELY,t adv. Hardily; boldly; certainly. [Chaucer.] BaRD'-FaCED, a. Having a hard or stern face. H ARD'-FISTED, a. [add.] Having haid- or strong hands, as a laboui-er. HaRD'-HACK, n. The American popu- lar name of a plant, the Spircea to- vitntosa, common in pastm'es and low grounds, and celebrated for its astrin- gent properties. HARD'ING,t H. Hardening. [Chait- cer.\ HARD'ISH, a. Somewhat hard; tend- ing to hardness. HARD-LABOURED, a. Elaborate; studied ; wrought with severe labour. HARD' MONEY, n. A common term for silver and gold, in contradistinction from paper-money. HARD'NESS, n. [add.] A quality in some kinds of v.aterwhich unfits them for washing. [See Haud-Wateks.J HaRD'-PAN. See Pan, No. 4. HXRD'-PRESSED, a. In a strait or difbculty ; short of cash. HARD-PUSHED, a. Hard-pressed; urged by difficulties ; straitened ; hard- pressed for money. HARD'-RUN,a. Hard-pressed; in want of money. HARD-WOOD, H. A term applied to woods of a very close and solid texture, as beech, oak, ash, maple, &c. HARE, n. [add.] The common liare is the Lepustimidus; the Irish hai'e, theX. hibernicus; the Scutch or varying hare, the L. variabilis, which is less than the common hare, and is confined to northern alpine districts, becoming white in winter; the American hare is the i. omericanus, not nmch larger than a rabbit. HARE-BRAINED PASSION,n. Way- ward passion leading to acts of violence ; a species of mania. HaRE'S'-EAR, u. [add.] Also, a popu- lar name of Eri/simurn austriacum, or Austrian treacle-mustard. HARE'S'-LETTUCE, «. A plant, the sow-thistle. HARE-STANE, n. A memorial stone, such as the hare-stanc on the Borough Moor of Edinbui-gh, celebrated in the lay of Marmion. "The massive stone, Which still in memory ia shown." [See Hoar Stone.] HAirFANG, n. The great snowy owl IIARPT-EAGLE HASTINGS SANDS HAUSTELLATA {Surnia nyciea), so called from its prey- ing on hares. HAR'IE.t "■ '• [Fr-] To hurry. [Chau- cer.} HAR'IED,t pp. Hurried. [Chaucer.] HAR'IFF, n. A plant, goose-grass, or cJeavers, Galium aparine. HARIOT. [See. Heuiot.] HARLE, V. t. To trail ; tu drag along the ground ; to drag with force. [See Hacrl.] [Scotch ] HARLEQUIN-BEETLE, n. A cole- optefous insect. [See Acrocinds in this Supp.] HARLEQUIN-DUCK, n. A species of duck, the Ctangula histrionica, a native of Hudson's Bay and Northern Europe. It has a beautifully mottled plumage. HAR'LOTRIES,t n. %)lur. Ribaldries. [Chaucer.] HARMO'NIA, n. [Or. rs{/»o«i«, a close joining.] A species of synarthrosis or immovable articulation of bones. HARMON'ICALLY, adv. [add.] Har- moniously; suitably. HAKMONIt'ON, n. [add.] Chemical harmonicon, a contrivauce consisting of a tube of glass, or of any other mate- rial, in which a small flame of hydrogen gas is made to burn, in consequence of which the column of air contained in the tube gives forth musical sounds. HARMONIUM, n. A new wind, keyed, musical instrument, similar in con- struction to the seraphina, but much superior to it in tone, &c. HXR'NEIS.f 71. Harness ; armour ; fur- niture. [Chaucer.] IlAR'NEISE,t V. t. or i. [Fr.] To dress. HAR'NESSE,t n. [See Harness.] A suit of armour. [Spense)\] HXR'NESS -MAKER, n. One who makes harness for horses. HAU'NESS-TUB, n. A cask of a pecu- liar form fastened on the deck of a vessel, to receive the salted provisions for daily consumption ; called also har- Ti €SS— CQSfl HAR'0W,t )e.rc/om. [OldFr. Aaco.] HAR'ROW,f I A form of exclamation anciently used in Normandy, to call for help, or to raise the hue-and-cry. — As a verb, to cry out upon ; to make hue- and-cry after. [Chaucer, Siteuser.] HARP'ING, a. Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies. [3Wion.] HARP'OUR,t n. A harper. [Chaucer.] HaRP'-SEAL, n. The Greenland seal. [See Seal.] HXRP'Y-EAGLE, n. The ffarpyia destructor of Linn., or ThrasmUis har- Uiupj.«agle, I'/irasmtm hartyia I'Vta of modern zoologists, an accipi- tnne bird of Mexico and South Ame- rica, celebrated for tlie enormous de- Harvest. [Scotch.] n. The East Indian name velopment of its legs and beak, and for the strength and power it evinces in mastering its prey. The marsh-harrier (Circus (eruginosus), a British species of hawk, is locally termed harpy. HAR'QUEBUSS. See Arquebuse. HaR'QUEBUSSIER. See Arquebu- SIER. HARR, n. [add.] A tempest; an eagre. —In the Scottish dialect, harr, or haar, signifies a chill, piercing fog or mist arising from the sea; a chill easterly wind. [Prot'inci'a^J H A R ' R I E D, a. Vexed ; tormented. [Shah] HAR'ROW. Same as Harow,— w/u'cA see in this S»;)p. HAR'RY SOPH, n. [Gr. £{„.f„, very learned.] In the universiti/ of Cam- bridge, a title given to those students who, having attained sufficient stand- ing to take the degree of B.A., declare themselves candidates for a degree in law or physic. HARST, j HAIRST,} " HART' ALL, n of orpiment. HARUS'PICE, instead of HAR'US- PICE. HARUS'PICY, instead of HAR'US- PICY. HaR'VEST-BUG, n. A species of tick, the Acarus autumnalis, which infests the skin in the autumn. HAB'VEST-FLY, n. [add.] A name applied in America to several large in- sects of the Cicada group, popularly called locusts in the United States. HaR'VEST-LOUSE, n. Same as Har- vest- Bug, — which see in this Supp. HXR'VEST-MEN, n. Long-legged spi- ders of the genus Phalangium, in which the head and abdomen are united into one piece. They are common in gardens. HaR'VEST-MOUSE, n. The Mus mes- sorius, a very small species of field- mouse which builds its nest amidst the straws of standing corn, and sometimes in thistles. HAR'WED.t ) i)re(.of[Sax./iance.l HAR'ROWED.tJ Harried; conquer- ed ; subdued. [Chaucer, SpC7iser.] HAS'ARDOUR,t ». [Fr.] A pla>er at hazard ; a gamester. [Chaucer.] IIAS'ARDRIE,t n. Gaming in general. [ Chaucer.] HASH, n. A sloven ; a country clown ; a stupid fellow. [.Seo(c/(.] HASKE,*j- n. A wicker basket in wliich fish is carried. [Spetiser.] HAS'LOCK, \a. [Hulse-lock.] A term HAS'SOCK, f descriptive of the finest wool of the fleece of sheep, being the lock that grows on the kalse or throat. [Scotch.] HAS'NA'. Has not. [Scotch.] HASP, n. [add.] An instrument for cut- ting the surface of grass-land ; called also a scarifier. HASP'ED, pp. or a. Cut up into small pi^eces, as meat. HASTE, n. [add] In haste, quickly; readily; willingly. HAST'ER, n. He or that which hastens; a tin meat-screen to reflect the heat. HAS'TIF,t a. [Fr.] Hasty. [Chaucer.] HAS'TIFLY.t adv. Hastily. [Chaucer.} HAS'TINGS SANDS, n. In geot., the middle group of the Wcalden forma- tion, constituting the uppermost part of the oolitic system in England, and occurring around Hastings in Sussex. The Hastings sands are composed chiefly of sand, sandstone, clay, and calcareous grit, passing into limestone. 1U7 HAS'TY-FOOTED, a. Nimble; swift of foot. [Shah.] HAT, n. [add.] To give one a hat, to lift the hat to one, or to take it off in his presence. [.Scotch.] HAT'-BRUSH, n. A soft brush for hats HATCH, 1 71. [add.] The fore-hatch HAT CHES, ) is placed near the bow ; the main-hatch near the middle of the ship, before the main-mast; the after- hatch, or quarter-hatch, between the main and mizzen masts. (See Hatch- WAV.] HATCH'ING, ppr. Act of producing young by incubation ; act of contriving or plotting. HATCHWAY-SCREENS, n. Pieces of thick woollen cloth put round the hatchways of a ship-of-war in the time of an engagement. They are also called fire-screens. HATE.t II. 1. [Sax. lia;tan. See HiGHT.] To be named. | Chaucer.] HAT'TED-KIT, \ n. A bowlful of sour HAT'TIT-KIT, / cream. _ Also, a mixture of milk warm from the cow, and butter-milk. [Scotch.] HAU'BERGH,t «• A hauberk. [Spen- ser.] HAUD, V. t. To hold. [Scutch.] HAUD'ING, n. See Haddin in this Supp. HAUGH'TlE,t «• (hau'te.) [See Haught.] High.— j1 haughtie string, a high-tuned string. [Spenser.] HAUL, II. *. [add.] To haul off, to sail closer to the wind in order to get far- ther oflF from any object. — To haul in with the object, to sail close to the wind in order to approach it more nearly. HAULDS, n. Holds; habitations; places of resort. | f^cotch.] HAULST,t /','. [See Halse.] Em- braced. [Spaiser.] HAUNCE,t ". t. [Fr.] To raise; to enhance. [Chaucer.] HAUNCH'ED, a. Having haunches. HaUNTE,+ 1). t. [Fr.] To practise. [Chaucer.] HAUNTE'DEN,+ j)re(.p/«r.offl"u«n(e. Practised; frequented. [Chaucer.] HAUSE, n. The throat. [See Halse.] [Scotch.] HAUSSE-eOL, n. [Fr.] A gorget of plate. HAUSTELLA'TA, n. A very extensive division of insects, in which the mouth is furnished with a haustellum, or pro- boscis, adapted for suction. It in- cludes the homopterous, heteropterous, lepidopterous, and dipterous insects. Opposed to it is the Mandibulata. The figures show the form and structure of thehaustellum in one of the hawk-moths (Sphingid:p). Fig. 1 shows the head of the moth with the tongue extended; figs. 2 and 3 are sections of the tongue, HAWSE-BLOCKS HEARING HEAT sTiowin? its structure — the one (?) viewed from above, the other (3) from beneath. H^USTELLUM, n. [L.] The suctorial orsran of certain insects. HAUST'EMENT,t n, A garment fit- ting close to the body, worn by soldiers beneath their armour. HAUS TUS, H. [L.] lu med., a draught. HAUT, n. In Bettijal, a weekly market. HAUTBOY, n. (ho -boy.) [add.] A plaver on the hautboy. HAU'TEIN.t a. (ho'ieen.) [Fr.] Haughtv: loud. [Chaucer.] HATJTEl'R , instead of HAU'TEUK, pron. ho-ture'. HAUT-GOUT', instead of HAUT- GOUT, pron. ho-goo'. HAU'YNE, instead of HAUYNE, pron. how'in. HAV'EN,t if\fi»- of Have. [Sax.] [Chaucer.] HA VEK, \ v. i. To talk foolishly or HaI'YER,) without method. [Scotch.] HA'VERS, ) n. Foolish or incoherent HAI'YERS,) talk. [Scotch.] HAVERSIAN TUBES or CANALS, n. In ana/., a net-work of minute canals, which traverse bony matter, and pro- ceed from the central cavity, and are filled, like it, with marrow. These canals usually run in the shafts of long bones in the direction of their length, and are connected every here and there by cross branches. They are so called after the name of their discoverer, Havers. HA'VINS, or HAYINGS, n. [add.] {Scotch.] HAV'OCK, )exclam. [add.] Originally HAY'OG, ) a term of excitement in hunting, but afterwards a war-cry, and the signal for indiscriminate slaughter. HA'VRELS. 1 u 1^ V ^ HA VERELS, [ "} Half ":it ted persons. HArVRELS, ) [S<^otch.] HA\VE,t n. [Sax.] A hawthorn-berry; a farm-vard ; a church-yard. [Chaucer.] HA\YE'BAKE. Qu. Hauberk. [Chau- cer.] HAW-FINCH, n. [add.] A species of Coccothraustes found occasionally in this country, and feeding in Epping Forest on the seed of the hornbeam. It breeds in Epping Forest. H ,\M'K'-BELL, n. A beU on the foot of a hawk. HAM'IvE, n. See Hawk, No. 2. HAWK'IE, )n. A cow witha white face; HAWKEY, J also, a general name for a cow; a stupid fellow. [Scotch.] liAWK IT, n. Having a white lace; I applied to cattle; foolish; silly. [Scotch.] ! HA^VK'- MOTHS, n. The English I name given to lepiJupterous insects belonging tu the family Sphingidre, or sphinxes. The death's-head hawk- moth is the Acherontia atropos ; the privet hawk-moth, the Sphinx liijustri; the humming - bird hawk-moth, the Macroglossa stellatarvm. HAWK'-OM L, n. The Surnia mjctea, called also the great snowy owl. It is of a snowy-white colour, and is found in very high northern latitudes of both the Old and the New World. [See Harfang in this Supp.] HiVWSE, 71. [add.] That part of a ves- sel's bow where holes, called the hatcse- holes, are cut for the cables going through.— -4 cross in the haicse implies one cable lying over the other. — Elbow in the kaicse. [See Elbow.] — A clear or open hawse, the reverse of a/o«/ haicse. HiV\VSE'-BLOCKS,n.Sameas Hawse- Plugs, — ichich see. ) n. Timbers , f through which HAWSE'-BOX, HAWSE-PIECES, the hawse-holes are cut. HAWSE-PIECES, n. 5ce Hawse-Box in this Supp. HAWSE -PIPE, n. An iron pipe fitted into the hawse-hole, to prevent the wood from being abraded. HAY'-BIRD, n. A name of the beam- bird and of the willow-wTen {Salvia trochilus). HAYDENITE. Misplaced: see after Hayward. HaY'ING, n. Haymaking: the getting in of hav. HAZ'ARDOUSNESS, n. State of being attended -with danger. [Lit. us.] Haze, Jr. t. To urge, drive, harass, HaSE, J espet-ially with labour. [Used among sailors.] HAZINESS, n. The state of being hazy. HEAD, r. t. [add.] To form a head ; as, the cabbayes head early. HEAD, n. [add.] Inclination ; thouglits ; mind ; as, he took it in his head to go abroad; I cannot imagine how this came into his head. [Addison.] — A broken head, a wound on the head. HEAD-BOARD, n.Aboardat the head, as of a bed. HEAD -BOROUGH, n. [add.] In £mj~ land, head-boroughs are now known by the name of pettv- constables. HEAD'-COURTS. Certain tribunals in Scotland, abolished bv 20 Geo. II., c. 50. HEAD ING, n. [add.] That which stands at the head ; title; as, the head^ ing of a paper. — A preparation of equal parts of alum and green %-itriol used in brewing. — Also, the foam on liquor. HEAD'-RNEES, n. In ships, pieces of moulded knee-timler situated beneath the bead-rails, and fayed edgewise to the cutwater and stem, for steadjing tlie cutwater. HEAD-LaCE, n. A ribbon or fillet; hair-lace. HEADLONG, adv. [add.] Rushing precipitatelv; as, headlong streams. HEAD -LUGGED, a. Dragged by the head. \Shak.] HEAJ) LY, 4°. The Uican oraverage heat of the human body is about 10t'°, and it never falls below 95' in health. The cause of the evolution of heat in tlie animal body is referred to the union, by a process re- sembling ordinary combustion, of the carbon and hydrogen of the system HEDGE HELIX HE3IELYTRA with the oxygen taken in from the air in the process of respiration It has also been found that plants evolve a certain degree of heat by a process somewhat analogous. HEATU'-€OCK, n. [add.] The Tetrao tetrir, otherwise called black-cock, black-grouse, and black-game. HEATHER-BLEAT, ) «. The HEATH'ER-BLEATER, \ snipe, Sco- HEATH'ER-BLUTTEU,) loiiax gal- linago, Linn. [Hcotch.'i HEAiTH'-GAME, n. Heath-grouse, or black-grouse. [6'te Ueath-Cock.1 HEATH'-HEN, n. The female of the heath-cock. HEATH-THROSTLE, n. A bird; a species of thi'ostle. HEATINGLY, uilv. So as to impart heat to. HEAVE, V. t. [add.] To heave about a vessel, to put her upon the other tack. — 7o heave at the capstaiif windlass, &c., to tm-n round the capstan, &c., by means of bars, handspikes, or other- wise. HEAVE, «. [add.] If eave of the sea, the power that the swell of the sea exerts in advancing, retarding, or altering the course of a vessel. HEAVEN-DESCENDED, a. De- scended from heaven. HEAV'EN-PROTE€TED, a. Pro- tected by Divine power. HEAVEN-TAUGHT, a. Taught or Instructed by heaven. HEAVY- GAITED, a. Moving heavily and slowly. [Shah. | HEAVY-HEARTED, a. Oppressed with sorrow ; sad. HE'BE,H.[add.] One of thesmall planets or asteroids between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered by Encke, a Prussian astronomer, 1st Jidy, 1847. It revolves round in 1379'99 solar days, and is about 2^ times the distance of the earth from the sun. HEB'ENON, for Henebon, or Hen- bane. [Skah.] HEBRADEN'DRON, n. [add] He- bradeiidron pictoriuin, the Mysore gamboge-tree. It is used in medicine for the same purposes as the Ceylon gamboge. HEBRA'ICAL, a. Same as Hebraic. HEBRAIS'TIC, HEBRAISTICAL, a. Pertaining to, or resembling Hebrew. HEBRAIZED, instead of HEBRA- IZED. HECK, n. [add.] Hech and manger, rack and manger. — Living at heck and manger, a phrase applied to one who has got into quarters where everything is comfortable and abundant. [Scotch. \ HECK'LED,M>. or«. Hackled. [Scotch.] HECTO'RIAN, a. Relating to, or like Hector of Troy. HED,tn. Head. [Chaucer.] HEDDE, for Hidde (Hidden). [Chau- cer.] HEDE'OMA, n. A North American genus of plants, nat. order Labiata;. //. puletjioides, or pennyi-oyal, is highly reputed as an emmenagogue. HEDEROSE, a. Bolonguigto ivy ; full of ivy. IlEDOE, V. t. [add.] To guard or pro- tect; as, to hedge one's bets, that is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other side, thus guarding one's self against great loss, whatever may be the residt. HEDCjE, c. i. [add.] To bet as above- — To creep along by the hedge ; not to take the direct and open patli ; as, he coasts and hedges his own way. [SItah.] '. — To decline from the middle of the road ; to wander from the most direct course. [Shah.] HEDGE, a. Pertaining to a hedge; mean ; vile ; of the lowest class ; as, a hedge priest. HED6E'-BILL,HED(5'ING-BILL, in- stead of IIED6E-BILL, HED6ING- BILL. HEDUE'-BIRD, n. A bird that seeks food and shelter in hedges. HEDGE'HOG, instead of HEDGE- HOG. HEDGE'HOG-THISTLE, instead of HEDGEHOG-THISTLE. HEDGE-KNIFE, n. Aninstrument for trimming hedges. HEDGE'PIG, instead of HEDGEPIG. HEDGE'-PRIEST, n. A poor mean priest. [Sliah.] HEDGE-RHYME, n. Vulgar doggerel rhyme. HEDGE ROW, instead of HEDGE- ROW. HEDGE-SCHOOL, n. A school kept beside a hedge, or in the open air, in Ireland. HEDGE'-SCISSORS, n. Alarge crook- ed scissors for trimming hedges. UEDGING-B1LL,H. SccHedge-Bill. HEED'Yjfa. Careful; cautious; heed- ful. HEEL'-KNEE, n. In a 6oa(, the knee connecting the keel with the stern- post. HEEN, «. In China, a city of the third class. HEFT, n. [add.] Weiglit; heaviness. [Local.] HEFT, I', t. To lift up ; to carry aloft. [Scotch.]~To try the weight of any- thing by lifting it. [Local.] HEGGES,+ n. plur. [Sax.] Hedges. [Cluiucer.] HEIGH! inlerjec. Used in encouraging; as, heigh my hearts ; cheerly ; cheerly, my hearts ! [Shah.] HEIR, n. [add.] Heir by devise, he who is made, by will, the testator's heir or devisee, and has no other right or in- terest than the will gives him. [See UlTIMUS HjERES.] HEIR'ESS, for " (iiress')," read (ar'ess). HEI'SUGGEjf n. The hedge-sparrow. [Chaucei\] HEL'AMYS, n. The jumping hare, a genus of rodent animals allied to the jerboas. One species is known, a native of the Cape of Good Hope (H. capensis). HELE,t V. t. [Sa.\. halan ] To heal ; to help. [Chaucer.] HELE,t n. [Sax.] Health. [Chaucer.] HELELES,t a. Helpless. [Chaucer.] HE'LIAC, a. Same as Heliacal. HELICI'NA, n. A genus of mollusca, belonging to the family Helicida;. They are found in America and the West Indies. HEL'ICOID, pp. In bot., twisted like the shell of a snail. HEL'ICOID PARABOLA, instead of HELICOID PARABOLA. HELIOCEN'TRICAL, instead of HE- LIOCENTRIC AL. HELIOCENTRIC LONGITUDE OF A PLANET. The angle at the sun's centre, formed by the projection of its radius vector on the ecliptic, and the line drawn from the sun's centre to the first point of Aries. HELIOSTAT, instead of HE'LIO- STATE. HE'LlSE,t li. Elysium. [Chaucer.] HE'LIX, u. [add.] A genus of gastero- pods, belonging to the order Pulmonea, and comprising the land-shell snails. i9y The common garden-snail {H. horleii- sis), and the edible snail of France (//. pomatia), are examples. HE'LIX-LEVER, n. In mech., a name under which Hooke's gearing has some- times been employed. HELL,tforHELE,ii.(. To hide; to cover. [Spenser.] HELLENIZA'TION, a. Act of using the Greek language. HELL'-FIRE, n. The fire of hell ; the torments of hell. HELL'ICAT, n. [Qu. hell-cat.] A wicked creature. [Scotch.] HELL'ICAT, ) a. Light-headed ; gid- HELL'ie ATE, i dy ; half-witted ; vio- lent; extravagant. [Scotch.] HELM, n. Ease, or bear up the helm. (Explan. in Diet, incorrect.)— To ease the helm, is to give the wheel a quick turn down to meet a heavy sea, and pre- vent the helmsman from being thrown over the wheel.— Up with the helm J the order to put the helm a-weather. — Shift the helm .' the order to put it from starboard to port, or the reverse. HEL'MET-SHELL, «. A genus (Cassis) of pectinibranchiate gasteropods, be- longing to the family Buccinidoe. Most of the species (upwards of thirty) are inha- bitants of tropical shores, but a few are found on the coast of the Mediterra- nean. Some of the shells are of a large size. Those of C. rufa, C. cornuta, C. tuberosa, and other species, are beautifully sculptured by Italian artists, in imitation of antique cameos. Of these a great variety uf ornaments are made. HELMINTH'AGOGUES, n. [Gr. iA- jCti*P•», to expel.] In iiied., anthelmintics; remedies against worms. HELMINTHI'ASIS, n. A disease in which worms or their larva; are bred under the skin, &c. HELM-PORT, H. In a.ship,ihe hole for the reception of the rudder-case. HELO DES, n.plur. (Gr. iAos, amarsh] Fevers produced by marsli-miasma. HELOP ID^, n. A family of coleop- terous insects, belonging to the section Heteromera, named from the genus Helops, several species of which are found in England, living in rotten wood, and under the bark of trees. HEL' VER, H. Among miners, the handle or helve of a tool. HEM,t for TiiEM. [Chaucer.] HEMATE'INE, n. A dark-red colour- ing matter obtained by acting on hema- toxyline by ammonia. With excess of ammonia, it forms a splendid purple matter. HEMEL'YTRA, n. ptur. [Gr. ifum, half, and bAt/T;o», a sheatli.J The superior wings, or wing-covers, of tetrapterous insects, when they are coriaceous at tlie base andmembranous at the extremity, as in the order He- miptera. The figure shows the scutellum e and hemelytra of a pentatonia ; a, the membrane, or that part of the wing which folds over the other ; b, c, d, the thickened or coriace- ous parts, generally more or less distinctly divided into three portions. nEN-HARRIER DEPTARCn IIEREAGAIXES nEMEROBIlDiE, Lace - wing 1^) ("• IIEMERO'BIASS, f dies, a famUy of ueuropterous insects, remarkable for the exceeding brilliancy of the eyes in most of the species, and for the delicate structure and varied colours of their long reticulated wings. The larvae prey upon plant-lice. HEJIERO'BIUS, n. A genus of neur- opterous insects, the type of the family Hemerobiidse. The eggs are placed in a long thread-like pedicel. HEMIGRAXIA, n. See Hemicbast. HEMLDA€'TYLrS, n. [Gr. f.:^iw, half, and hxxTvf.t;, a tinger or toe.] A genus of lizards belonging to the gecko family, or flat-toed lizards. HEMIDI'TOXE, instead of HEMED'- ITOSE. HEMIHE'DRAL, a. [Gr. iuj^v,; half, and i!;*, a face.] In mineral., a term applied to a crystal having only half the number of faces belonging to any par- ticular modification which the law of symmetry requires. HEMIPLE (ilA, n. See Hemipleoi. HEMIPO'DILS, n. [Gr. i,^,m, and »w,-, a foot, from the hind-toe being absent.] A genus of gallinaceous birds allied to the quaUs. The species are found chieflv in Africa and Asia. HEMISPHERE, n. [add.] Hemispheres of the brain, the two parts which consti- tute the upper surface of the brain, and which are separated by the falx cerebri. HE.MISPHEROID'AL, a. Approach- ing to the figure of a hemisphere. HEilP'lE, H. A rogue; one for whom the hemp grows ; commonly applied in a jocular way to giddy young people of either sex. [5cofcA.] HEMP'-SEEO €AL€ULUS, n. The name given to some varieties of the mulberry calculus, which are very smooth and pale in colour, resembling hemp-seed. HEMSELF,t ) , T, HEMSELVE ,t ( ""^T' J'',";- Them- HEMSELV'EN.t ) '"'"'• K'"""^^'--] HE'MUSE, n. The roe in its third year. UEN'-BLINDNESS, n. Nyctalopia, or night-blindness. HEN'-BLCKIE, n. Another name for the large whelks {Buccinum undatum)^ much used as a bait for tish. HEN'-€AVEY, n. Hen-coop. [Scoich.'\ HEND,t \ a. Instead of " Gentile," IIEND r,t j read Gentle. HEN? t V^' '■ ^^'^ "^- Hidden.** HEN'DE,t ) a. [Sax.] Civil ; courteous. HEM)Y,t i {Chaucer.'\ HENDEtJASYLLAB'It;, a. Pertaining to a metrical line of eleven svllables. HENDl'ADyS, instead of HENDI'- ADIS, n. [add.] [L., from Gr. U 2.« S»«», one by two.] In gram., a figure, where two substantives are used instead of one substantive, or a substantive and ad- jective; or it is a figure in ^\hich the same idea is presented by two words or phrases. HEN'EN,t ■) HENN£,t \adv. [Sax.] Hence. HEX'MES,t ( [Chaucer.] HENs,t ; HENEARE,t n. A fine for flight on account of murder. HENG, f i>re/. and pp. of Hang. Hung or hanged. [^Chaucer.] HEN GHEK,t n. [Sax.] A prison; a house of correction. HEN' HARRIER, n. [add.] A species of hawk, the Falco cyaneus^ Linn , so named from its depredations in the poultry-yard. HEN'NE. n. -See Henna-Plast. HEN'NESFORTH,tarfi". [Sax.] Hence- forth. [Chaucer. \ HEN'SAY, H. A species of fish caught ■ on the Welsh coast. It is shaped like \ a carp, and tinged with red. It is very I delicate eating. HENT,t n. Grasp. [See Hend.] [Shak.] i IIENT, r. t To seize. [See Hend.] IIENT,t pret. and/>p. oi Hend. Seized; caught ; laid hold on ; held. [Chau- cer ^ Spenser.] HENTE.t V. t. [See Hexd] To take hold of; to catch. [Chaucer.] HEN'-WOirAN,n. A woman who takes charge of poultry. HEPAT-AL'CIA, n. [Gr. ;,«.. ij^-o^, the liver, and tt.>.-yc;, pain.] Pain in the liver. HEPATIC, ) a. [add.] Hepatic HEPAT'1€ALJ Jlux, bilious flux.— Hepatic pt/rite, for Hepatic pyrites. HEPAT IC A, instead of HE'PATICA. HEPAT'OCELE, n. [Or. >:.».. and xV.d. a tumuur,] Hernia of the liver. HEPATOGAS'TRIf, n. [Gr. nroj.and j-as-ir;, the belly.] In anat, a name of the smaller omentum which passes from the liver to the stomach. HEPATOGRAPHY, n. [Gr. ►>««. and }'-ac^«, to describe.] A description of the hver. HEPATOL'OOY, n. [Gr. r.x>,., and h'-ya, discourse.] A discourse on the liver. HEPATOPH'YM.V, n. [Gr. ^^5, and f yica, a suppurating tumour.] A suppu- rative swelling of the liver. | HEPATORRHCE'A, n. [Gr. i^^a*. and p'iai. to flow.] A morbid flow of bJe. HEP'ATUS, n. [Gr. rr«;. the liver.] A genus of brachyurous decapod crusta- ceans found in South America, and so named from its liver-coloured marking. HEPE,t H. [Sax.] A heap.— 7t» hepe^ together; in a heap. [Chaucer.] i HEPIAL'ID^i:, n. A family of lepidop- terous nocturnal in- sects, known by the name of swifts, and so called from the rapidity of their flight. Tothisfamily belong the ghost- moth (Hepialus hu~ muli), and the goat- , moth (Cossus ligni- pcrda). The cater- pillar with a fungus ( Sphceria roberti) gTO\ving from it, so often sent from New Zealand as a curi- osity, belongs to a species of this genus ^Hepialusvirescens), described by Mr. Doubleday in Dief- fenbach's Netc Zea- land. The fungus seems to attach itself to the caterpillar, when it has gone into the ground to undergo its transformations. | HEP'PER, «. The parr or young of the salmon. ' HEP'TADE, n. The sum or number of seven. HEPTA6'YN0US, a. In hut., having seven stvles. HEPTAHE'DRON, n. [Gr. iTr«, seven, and il'ct. a base.] A solid figure with seven sides. HEP'TAR€H, n. Same as HtPTARCU- IST. I 200 Cterpilhr of E*ihoUjl» vtreteeru vicb Sphceria rob€rti growing frum iu HER.f for Theie. [Spenser, Chaucer.] HER'ALD,n. [add.] Modern heralds of all classes are now made and appointed by the earlmarshal. The three prin- cipal heralds are called kings of arms. [See King.] Besides these there are sis subordinate heralds, viz., Somerset, Chester, Windsor, Kichmond, Lancas- ter, and York ; and four pursuivants, viz.. Rouge Dragon, Portcullis, Blue Mantle, and Rouge Croix. These latter commonly succeed in the places of such heralds as die or are promoted. HERALDIC ALLY, adi,'. In a heraldic manner. HER'-ALDRY, n. [add.] Pomp; attend- ance. [Milton.'] HER ALDS C0L'LE6E, or COL'- LEGE of ARMS. An ancient royal corporation, first instituted by Richard III., in 14S3, and situated on St. Ben- net's Hill, near St. Paul's, in the city of London. The heralds above mentioned, together with the earl-marshal and a secretary, are the members of this cor- poration. There is a Herald's College in Scotland, composed of lyon king at arms, six heralds, and four pursuivants. HER'AUD,t H. A herald. [Chaucer.] HERB'ALISil, n. The knowledge of herbs. HERBA'RIAX, n. A herbalist. HERBA'RIUil, n. [add.] A book or other contrivance for preserving dried specimens of plants. HERB'-BENNET,n. [add.] This plant is aromatic, tonic, and astringent, and has been used in medicine, and as an ingredient in some ales. HERBER,-}- n. An arbour; an iuu; a harbour. [Chaucer.] HER BERG-AGE,t «. [Fr.] Lodging. [Chaucer.] HER'BERGEOIIRS,t «■ plur. [Fr.] Providers of lodgings; harbingers. [Cliaucer.] HER'BERWE.t n. [Sax.] An inn; a lodging ; a harbour. [Chaucer.] HER BERWE,t v. t. To lodge; to har- bour. [Chaucer.] HERB'-GRACE,n.Aplant;rue.[AAaA.] HER'BOKOUGHt «. [Ger. herberg.] Place of temporary residence, espe- cially for troops ; a harbour. HEKB;-K0BERT, n. [add.] This plant is astringent and aromatic, and is use- ful in nephritic disorders. HERD,f j pret. and pp. of Hear. HERDE,t ) Heard. [Chaucer.] HERD, V. t. To act the part of a shep- herd, or a tender of cattle. [Scotch.] HERD, V. i. To tend cattle ; to take care of a tiock. [Scotch.] HERDEX,t pret. plur. of Hear. [CTtaucer.l HERD ER, I!. A herdsman. HERDES,t "• plur. Hards ; coarse flax. [Chaucer.] HERDE'WICH,t 1. A grange or place for cattle, or husbandry. HERDS, n. Keepers of cattle or sheep. [Scotch.] HERDS'- GRASS, n. A name given to various grasses, which are highly es- teemed for hay; particularly timothy- grass, fox-tail grass, and fine-bent- grass. HERE.t n. Hair. [Chaucer.] HERE, n. This place. [Shah.] HERE, ailv. [add.] To this place; hither. — Here is also used for present ; as, I shall answer for my friend here. HERE,+ pron. Her; herself. [Chaucer.] HERE,t V. t. To hear. [Chaucer.] HERE.AGAINES,+ u(/ii. AgaiustthiE. [Chaucer.] HERON HESPERLDIN HEUK r^:2i^. IlEREBEFORE'jt adv. Before this. [Chaucer.] HER'EBOTE,t n. A royal edict, com- manding the people into the field. HEREBY', adv. As it may hapiten. [Skak.] HERE-BY THERE-t Here and there. \Spenser.] HEREDITABILITY, n. Quality of being hereditable. HER'EGILD, h. See Herezeld. HEREN,t a. Made of hair. [Chaucer.] HERE SIARCH, or HER'ESIARtH. HER'IE,t I', t. To praise ; to honour. [See Hery in this Supp.] HER'IE,f n. Praise; honour; worship. [Spenser.] HER'iED.t ;>;>. Praised; honoured. HER'ITABLE, n. [add.] Heritable rights, in Scots law, all rights to land, or wliatever is connected with land, as mills, fishings, tithes, bonds, &,c. HERKE,ti'.^ [Sax.]Tohearken.[C7ia?/ 1 HERK ING,t ppr. of Herke. Hearken- ing. [Chaucer.] HER'LING, \n. The young of the sea- HIR'UNG, ftrout. HERMES, n. [Gr. 'E^uY.t, Mercury] In archaoloijyj a name given to rough, quadrangular stones or pillars, having a head sculptured on the top, witliout amis or body. Such stones were placed by the Greeks in the front of build- ings, and used by the Romans (by whom they were called termini) as boundaries or land- marks. They origin- ally bore the head of Hermes or Mer- cury; hence the name. HERNANDIA'- CE-iE, n. A natural order of incomplete exogenous plants, the species of which are lofty trees with alternate entire leaves, and tlowers ar- ranged in axillary or terminal spikes or corymbs. The order contains only two genera, Hernandia and Inocarpus; the latter, known as the Otaheite chestnut, yields edible nuts with kid- ney-shaped kernels, which are eaten roasted. [5ee Hernandia.] HERNE,t n. [Sax. hyrn.\ A corner. [Chaucer.] HERNE'-PAN,t n. The skull-cap or iron pan worn under the helmet, HER'NIA, instead of HERNIA. HER'NIAL, a. Pertaining to, or con- nected with hernia. HERNIOTOMY, n. [Gr. I{v«, and t.;^„, a cutting.] In surg., tlie operation for strangulated hernia. HERO-ERRANT, n. A wandering hero. HERO'IG, h. An heroic verse. HERO'IGALNESS, n. The quality of being heroic; heroism. [Rar.us.] HERO I€NESS, n. The quality of being heroic, [Rar. us.] UER'ON, 11. [add.] The herons are placed in the family Ardeidie, along with the storks and bitterns. The com- mon heron is the Ardea cinerea; the great heron, the A. herodias, an inha- bitant of America; the great white heron, Herodias alba; and the night- heron, Ni/cticorax griseus. I. — Supp. Hermes of Mercury. HER'ONERE,t n. A hawk made to tly only at the herun. [Chaucer.] HER'ONSEWES,t n. pi. Hernshaws; young herons. | Chaucer.] HERO- WORSHIP, n. The worship of heroes, practised by the nations of an- tiquity. HERPETOLOO'IGAL. instead of HERPETOLO'OICAL. HER'PETON, n. A genus of water- snakes. HER'RlED.t j)p. [See Hery.] Honour- ed; praised; celebrated. [Spenser.] HER'SAL,f n. Rehearsal. [Spenser, Chaucer.] HER'SCHEL, n. In astronomy/. [See Uranus.] HER'SCHELITE, n. A mineral found in olivin, brought by Herschel the astronomer from Sicily. It occurs in six-sided prisms ; colour white ; trans- lucent or opaque. It consists of potash, silica, and alumina. HERSE, I 11. [add.] A rehearsal ; HEARSE, ) " the holy herse,^ rehearsal of prayers. [Obs.] [Spemer.] — In archcEology, a covering placed over corpses in funeral solemnities. It con- ilere, from a MS. in the DoiJlemii Library, Oxford. sisted of a light wooden frame, covered w ith a pall, and decorated with banners and lights. On sepulchral monuments, herses of metal are sometimes met with . I'FARSF ( ^' ^^^^'^^- [Scotch.] HERTE,t V. t. To hurt. [Chaucer.] HERTE.t « The heoxi-^Herte-spone, the navel. [Chaucer.] HERTE'LES.f a. Heartless; without courage. [Chaucer.] HER'THA, n. The name generally given to the chief divinity of the ancient German and Scandinavian nations. She was worshipped under a variety of names, of which the chief were exactly analogous to those of Terra, Rhea, Cybele, and Ops, among the Greeks and Romans. Tacitus designates her Herthus or Mother Earth, and her name is also written Aertha, Aortha, and Eortiic. HERT'LY,t a. Hearty. [Chaucer.] HER'Y,t V. t. [add.] To celebrate; to honour; to worship; to proclaim. [Chaucer, Spenser, Wic/if.] HER'YGOUD,tn. A cloak. HEirYING,t 71. Praise. [Chaucer.] HESITANTLY, adv. With hesitation or doubt. HESP, n. A hank of yarn ; a clasp or hook; a hasp. [Scotch.] HESPEK'IDIN, ) n. A crystallizable HESPER'IDINE, j non-azotised com- pound, found in the spongy envelope of 201 Tuil of Shark. oranges and lemons. Its nature is not yet ascertained. HESPERI'ID^, n. A family of diurnal lepidopterous insects, of which the type is the genus Hesperia. These little large-headed butterflies have a peculiar, short, jerking kind of flight, and hence they have received the name of skip- pers. Several species are found in Eng- land ; as the Hesperia sylvanus, found on the borders of woods; and Tfiymele alveolus, or the grizzled skipper. HES'SIAN-BIT, n. A peculiar kind of jointed bit for bridles. HET, a. Hot. [Scotch.] HET,t ) pr€t.ofHete(Heat). Heated. HETTE,t) [Chaucer.] HETE,t v.t. [Sax.] To heat. [Chaucer.] HETE,t V. t. or i. [See Hight.] To promise; to be called. [Chaucer.] HET'ERO. [Gr. hi^of, the othei:; one of two. J A prefix from the Greek de- noting difference, and opposed to homo, which signifies resemblance. HETERO-BRANGHIA'TA, 11. [Gr. iTtjof, and (S^aj-x'a, gills.] Blainville's name for the fourth order of his ace- phalophora. HET'EROCER GAL, a. [Gr. htiot, and «£{«of, a tail.] A term applied to all the palaeozoic fishes, in which the vertebral co- lumn runs to a point above the tail, which is placed below like a triangular rudder ; a structure still seen in the sharks and sturgeons. HETEROC'ERTJS, n. [Gr. in^os, and xi^xs, a horn or antenna.] A genus of pentamerous coleopterous insects, belonging to the family Clavicomes. These beetles have eleven jointed an- tennae, the last six articulations form- ing a cylindrical club. They burrow in sand or mud by streams or among marshes. Several species are found in Britain. HETEROGLI'TAL, «. Same as He- TEROCLITIC. HETEROGE NEALNESS, n. Hetero- geneity. HETEROGE'NEOUSLY, adv. In a heterogeneous manner. HETEROM'EROUS, a. Pertaining to the heteromerous coleoptera, in which the two first pairs of legs have five jointed tarsi, and the posterior pair only four joints. HETEROMORPH'OUS, a. [Gr. !«{«, and ^ejipjj, form.] A term applied to the larva; of certain insects, which ditfer in form from the imago. HETERON YMOUS, a. [Gr. hi^ci, and o.o/.ta, a name.] Having a dirterent name. HETEROOU'SIOUS, )a. [Gr. iufc;, HETEROOU'SIAN, f and *t.r/«, be- ing.] Having a difi'erent nature. HETEROP'TERANS, ^ N. [add.] In HETEROP'TEUA, > these insects the two pairs of wings are of different consistence, the anterior pair being horny or leathery, but generally tipped with membrane. They comprise the land and water bugs. HETH'ENESSE,t n. Country of heathens. [Chaucer.] HETHTNG,tH. [Sax.] Mockery; con- tempt. [ Chaucer.] HEUGH, w. [add. I Heugh-head, the head of a cliff. — Also, the head of the glen between two cliffs. [Scotch.] HEUlv,t H. [¥r.jaque.] An outer gar- 7 u HIEROGLYPHIST HIGH-MISDEMEANOURS niNDEREST nient or mantle worn by women in the 14th century, and afterwards adopted by men. H£VE,f V. t. or I. To heave; to raise; to labour. [C/iattcer.\ HEV'ED,t n. A head. [Chaucer.] HEV'ENjf n. Heaven. [Chaucer.] HEW,t n. Destruction by cutting down. HEW,t n. See Hue. HEW, 71. for Hewing. [Spenser.] HEAV,f n. [Sax.] Colour; appearance: hue. [Chaucer.] HEW'ED,tpp. Coloured. [Chaucer.] HEW-HOLE, n. A name applied to the green woodpecker (Pictis viridis). HEXAG'ONALLY, adv. In the form of a hexagon. HEXAGYNOUS, a. In bot, having sis HEX AHEM'ERON, n. [add.] A history of the six days' work of creation as contained in the first chapter of Ge- nesis. HEXAPET'ALOID, a. In bot., consist- ing of six coloured parts^ like petals. HEX'APLA, «. plur. [From Gr. a«- irX u;, six-fold.] An edition of the Holy Scriptures in six languages; applied particularly to the edition prepared by Origen in the third century. This edi- tion exhibited, in addition to the ori- ginal Hebrew text, sis Greek versions in as maiiy parallel columns. Only some fragments of this Hexapla remain. HEX'APOD. See Hexapode. HEXT, a. superl. [Sax. heghest, or hegkst.] Highest. [Chaucer.] HEY'DEGUIES,t or HEY'DE- GUYES,t n. plur. [Qu. from hejjday, and guise.] A country-dance or round. [Spetiser.] HEY'DEGUY,t t?. A kind of dance. \See Heydeguies in this Supp.] HIBER NIANISM, n. An Hibernian or Irish phrase or idiom; Hibernicism. HlBER'NICiSE, v. t. To render into the language or idiom of the Irish. HIBERNIZA TION, n. The act of hybernating; hibernation. HI'BRID. See Hybrid. HICATEE', H. Aland-tortoise HICK'ERY PICKERY, n. Clown's Greek for hiera-picra, — u-hich see. HICK'-AVALL. n. The little spotted woodpecker {Picus minor). The little blue titmouse {Parus cceruleus) is often called hick-wall. HID'DER AND SHID'DER.f He and she; male and female, [^/lewjrer.] HIDE GILD,t «. The price by which a villein or servant redeemed his skin from being whipped, in such trespasses as anciently incurred that corporal pun- ishment. HiD'IiN G,n. [add.] A beating. [Fw/aar.] HID'OUS,t a. Dreadful; hideous. [Chaucer.] HlD'OUSLY,t adv. Hideously; terri- blv. [Chaucer.] HI D R O ' T 1 1* S, n. [Gr. ;aj».f, ii^^-^, sweat.] Medicines which cause per- spiration. HiEjf 71. [add.] In or on hie, in haste. [Chaucer.] HIERARCH'ICALLY, adv. In a hier- archical manner. HIERARCH ISM, n. Hierarchical prin- ciples or power. HiERDjfn. A keeper; a herd. [Chau- cer.] HIERD'ESS,t n. (heerd'ess.) A shep- herdess. [Chaucer.] HI EKOGLYPH, v. t To represent with hieroglyphics. HIEROGLYPHIST, n. One versed in hieroglyphics. HIEROG'RAPHER, n. A writer of, or one versed in hierography. HIEROL'ATRY, n. [Gr. ^V, and x«t- ftviu, to worship or serve.] The worshij' of saints or things sacred. [Rare.] HIER0L06I€, )a. Pertaining to HIER0L06 I€AL, I hierology. HIER0L'06lST, n. One versed in hierology, HIER0L'06Y, n. [Gr. i'Egof, and x.>«, discourse.] Liferalli/, a discourse on sacred things ; parlicularli/, the science which treats of the ancient writings and inscriptions of the Egyptians, or a treatise on that science. HIEROMNE'MON, n. [add.] In an- cient Greece^ the most honourable of the two classes which composed the Amphyctionic council. The word was sometimes applied to priests or magis- trates, in some of the Grecian states. HIEROPHAN'TI€, a. Relating to hie- rophants. HIG'GLER, 71. [add.] One who per- forms occasional work mth a horse and cart. HIGGLING, n. The practice of one who higgles. HIGH, a. [add.] High and dry, a term applied to the situation of a ship when a-ground above water-mark. HIGH or HY JINKS, n. A Scottish pastime. " This game," says the author of Waverley^ ** was played in several different ways. Most frequently the dice were thrown by the company, and those upon whom the lot fell were obliged to assume, and maintain for a time, a certain fictitious character, or to repeat a certain number of feseennine verses in a particular order. If they de- parted from the charactei-s assigned, or if their memory proved treacherous in the repetition, they incurred forfeit s which were either compounded for by swallowing an additional bumper, or by paying a small sum towards the reckoning." [Guy Mannering.] HIGH- ALTAR, n. The altar where high-mass is only celebrated. • HIGH'-CHURCH, 7i. A'ceunder Htcii. HiGH'-CHURCH,a.Strenuousfor epis- copal authority; an epithet applied to those principles which tend to exalt episcopal authority and ecclesiastical power, and to the parties which em- brace them. HiGH'-CHURCH'ISM, n. The prin- ciples of high churchmen. HIGH'-CHURCH MAN, n. One who has high notions respecting episcopacy, and also of the ceremonies, discipline, and authority of the church. HIGH-CONSTABLE, n. See Con- ST \ B L£ HIGH'-FEEDING, n. Luxurv in diet. HIGH'GATE-RESIN, n. See Fossil Cop.u.. HIGH' -HANDED,^. Overbearing; op- pressive ; violent. HIGH'-MASS, 7i. Among Homan Ca- tholics, the mass which is read before the high-altar on Sundays, feast-days, and great occasions, HIGH'-MISDEMEAN'OURS,7i.In /au', positive misprisions, as the maladminis- trations of such high officers as are in publictrust and employment; embezzle- ment of the public money; such con- tempts of the executive magistrate as demonstrate themselves by some arro- gant and undutiful behaviour towards the sovereign and government; endea- vouring to dissuade a witness from giving oidence, &c. [See JMisPRt- SION.] 202 HIGH-PROOF, adv. To the utmost; in the highest degree. We are Mffh-prjof me\i^uc\\o\v. Sf/air. HIGH'-PROOF, a. Highly rectified ; very strongly alcoholic; as, high-proof spirits. HIGH-RED, a. Having a strong red colour; deeply red. HiGH'-REPENTED, a. Deeply re- pented; repented of to the utmost. [Shak.] HiGH'RoAD, 71. A highway; a much- frequented road. HlGH'-SOARlNG,a.Soaringtoagreat height. HIG^H'-STEWARD, n. [See Steward] — Court of the lord high-steward, a tri- bunal instituted for the trial of peers indicted for treason or felony, or for misprision of either. M'hen a peer i^ indicted for treason, felony, or mis- prision, the sovereign creates a lord high-steward pro hue vice, by commis- sion under the great seal ; but during a session of Parliament the trial is not properly in the court of the lord high - steward, but before the high court of Parliament. A lord high-steward is, however, always appointed to regiilato the proceedings. HIGH'-STRUNG, a. Strung to a full tone or a high pitch; high-spirited; proud ; obstinate. HIGHT,t n. (hite.) [Sax.] Height.— On hhjht [Fr. en haxtt], in a high voice ; aloud. [Chaucer, Spenser.] HIGHT,t pp. or a. [add.] Intrusted. [Spenser.] HIGHT,t V. t. To promise ; to intrust ; to direct; to command. [5eeHiGHTH.| HiGH'TE,t pp. (hT'te.) [See HightJ Called; named. [Chaucer.] HIGH'-TIME, n. Quite time; full time for the occasion or the time when any- thing is to be done. HIGH-TREASON, n. The crime of treachery and infidelity to the lawful sovereign; the highest civil offence. [See Tre.\son.] HIGH'-VOICLD, a. Having a strong tone of voice. HIGH'WAY-ROBBER, n. One who robs on or near the highway; a high- wayman. HIGHWAY-ROBBERY, n. Robbery committed on or near the highway. H"jrKA;l"*^HEO.n., HILARITY, n. [add.] A pleasmable excitement of the animal spirits. HILD,*f- a. [Sax.] Covered; concealed. \ Spenser.] HILD, for Ueld. [Shah.} HILD'ING, a. Cowardly; spiritless; as, a hilding fellow. I Shah.} ULLL, V. f. To form hills, or small ele- vations of earth. 11ILLINESS,« The state of being hilly. lIlLL'TOr, n. The top or summit of a hUl. HIM, for Hi.MSELF. [Spenser.} HIilAN'TOPUS, n. The long-legge.I plovers, or stilt-bu'ds, a genus of gralla- torial birds, distinguished by the great length of their legs. [See Stii-t-Bikd.J HIMSELVE'.t \pronoun. Himself. HIMSELVEN,+ / [Chancer.} HIND'-BERRY,n. A sort of raspberry. HIND'-CALF.n.Ahartofthetirstyear. HINDER, t'. (. [add.] To disappoint; to balk ; to prevent from obtaining. HINDER-END, n. Extremity; ter- mination.— Applied in a ludicrous sense to the buttocks or backside. [Scotch.] HlNDEREST.t a. superl. of Hind. [Sax.] Hindmost. [Chaucer.} HIPPOCAMP lUSPID^. HOAZIN HIN'DERLANDS,^n. Hinder parts; HIN'DERLANS, f buttocks ; the niN'DERLETS, f posteriors. HIN'DERLIN-S, J [Scotch.] HIND'LEY'S SCREW, n. A screw cut on a solid whose sides are arcs of the pitch cu'cle of a wheel into which the Hinillej's Screw. screw is intended to work. It is so named from its having been first em- ployed by Mr. Hindlev of York. HINDOSTAN'EE, ji.' The language of the Hindoos. HINDOSTAN'EE, a. Relating to the Hindoos, or to Hindostan, HINDOSTAN'Y, a. Same as Hindos- TANEE. HIN'DRANCE, ?i. The act of impeding or restraining motion. — 2. Impediment ; that which stops progression or ad- vance; obstruction. [5eeHiNDERANCE.] HlNE,f n. A hind; a servant in hus- bandry. [C/iaucer.] HIN6E'-J01NT, n. Ginglymus, a spe- cies of articulation resembling a hinge, in which the bones move upon each other in two directions only; viz., for- wards and backwards. Examples of this kind of joint occur in the elbow, the wrist, the knee, the ankle, the lower jaw, &c. HINGE'-MARGIN, n. The hinge of bivalves, composed of the ligament, the cartilage, and the teeth. HINK, n. A hook or twibil for reaping. HIN'NY, n. Honey. — Mfj hinni/, my darling. [Scotch.] HIN'NY, n. for HINNEY. [add.] A mule. HlNOID'EUS,a. In 6o<.,when the veins proceed entirely from the midrib of a leaf, and are parallel and undivided, as in the ginger -worts. HINT'INGLY, adv. In a hinting man- ner; suggestingly. HIP, \n. [add.] Theripefruit of plants HEP, ( of the rose tribe. It is also termed Haw. HIP'PA, n. A genus of anomurous de- capod crustaceans, the species of which seem to be fond of working in the sand. If. talpoida is called sand-bug in North America. lUPPAireilEA, n. [Gr.] Meadow brown butterfly, a genus of lepidopte- rous insects, of which there are several British species. HIP'PED ROOF, n. [5ee Hip-Roof.] IHPPOBOS'CID^, 71. [Gr. .Ww, a horse, and ^ookw, to feed.] Forest Hies, a family of dipterous insects, parasitic on birds and quadrupeds. The type is . the genus Hippobosca, or horse-fly. IIIPPOBRO'MA, n. [Gr. <>*«, and ■/S{»««, food.] A genus of plants, nat. order Lobeliaceae. The only species is H. longiflora, an herbaceous plant, a native of Jamaica, and other West In- dian islands. It is one of the most poisonous of plants. Horses are said to be violently purged after eating it. HlP'PO€AMP, n. See Hippocampus. HIPPOeAM'PUS, n. [add.] In myth., the name given to sea-horses with two feet, which drew the car of Neptune and other deities. HIP'POCRAS, instead of HIPPO- CRASS. HIPPOCRATES' SLEEVE, instead of HIPPOCRATES' SLEEVE. HIPPOCRATIC, a. instead of HIP- POGRATIC HIPPOCRATIC FACE, instead of HIPPOCRATIC FACE. HiP'POCRENE, instead of HIPPO- CRENE. HIP' POD AMES, for Hippopota- muses. [Spenser.] HIPPOPATHOL'<)6Y, n. [Gr. /a-tfl,-, and pathology.] The science of vete- rinary medicine; the pathology or doc- trine of the diseases of the horse. HIP'POPUS, n. [Gr. hir^s, and ^ovi, a foot.] A genus of conchifers, of which there is but one known recent species, the H. macidatns, or bear's-paw clam, from the Indian Ocean. This shell is to be seen in most collections, and is much prized for its beauty. HIPPU'RIS, n. [add.] In anat., the final division of the spinal marrow, also termed cauda-equina, or horse's-tail. HIP'PUS PUPIL'L^, n. [L.] A pecu- liar motion of the iris, which causes the pupil to dilate and expand alter- nately. HIR,f po$. pron. [Sax.] Their; her. [Chaucer.] HIRD'IE-GIRD'IE, adv. Topsy-tur- vy; disorderly; in reckless confusion. [Scotch.] HIRD'UM-DIRD'UM, n. Confused noisy mirth or revelry, [Scotch.] HHlE, n. [add.] Reward for base or il- legal service ; a bribe. HlRE,t pron. Her; herself. [Chaucer.] HiRE'MAN,t n. [Sax. hirafi, to obey.] A subject. — In Scotland, a hired ser- vant. Hl'REN,tw. A strumpet. HIRESELF',t HIRESELVE',t or HIRESELV'EN,t pro7wmi. Herself. [Chaucer.] HiiriNG, 71. [add.] In law, a contract by which a qualified property may be transferred to the hirer. Hiring is always for a price, stipend, or recom- pense. HIRS,t pos. pron. Theirs. [Chaucer.] HIR'SEL, ) V. i. To move forward with HIR'SLE,) a rustling noise along a rough surface ; to move sideways in a sitting or lying posture upon the ground, or otherwise, by means of the hands only. [Scotch.] HIRUNDIN'ID^, 71. A family of fissi- rostral birds containing the swallows. HIRUN'DO, n. The swallow, a genus of fissirostral or wide-gaping birds. [See Swallow.] HISN, forHis. [Vulgar.] HISPAN'ICISM, n. A Spanish phrase or idiom. HIS'PID^, 71. A family of coleopterous insects, of which the type is the genus Hispa. These insects are popularly known in the United States by the name of little leaf-beetles. The larvae burrow under tlie skin of the leaves of plants, especially those of apple-trees. One small species {Hispa testacta) is found in this country. HIS'TER, n. A genus of coleopterous insects, known by the name of mimic- beetles, from the Latin histrio, a stage- mimic, so named from the power they have of contracting their limbs, and counterfeiting death. They are found very abundantly, in the spring, in the dung of horses and cows. HISTO6'ENY,n.[Gr.iVT0,-,a web or tis- sue, and j-fnaa., to engender or produce.] The formation of the organic tissues. HISTOG'RAPHY, n. [Gr. ,Vt«, a tis- sue, and y^oL^oj, to describe.] A de- scription of the organic tissues. HISTOLOGIC, \a. Pertaining to HISTOLOGICAL, J histology. HISTOL'OGIST, n. One versed in histology, or the doctrine of the organic tissues. HISTOL'OGY, H. [Gr. iVr^t, a web or tissue, and Koyes, discourse.] In phys., the doctrine of the tissues which enter into the formation of an animal or vegetable, and its various organs. This branch of physiological inquiry requires to be prosecuted with the aid of mi- croscopes of the best description. HISTON'OMY, 7(. [Gr Uto^, a tissue, and vofj.oi, a law.] The history of the laws which preside over the formation and arrangement of the organic tissues. HISTORICAL, a. [add.] Historical painting, that branch of the art of painting which embodies a story in one picture, and invests it with the warmth of poetry. HISTOU'ICAL SENSE, 7J. That mean- ing of a passage which is deduced from the circumstances of time, place, &c., under which it was written ; the primary sense, as opposed to any secondary or remoter one. HISTORIETTE", «. [Fr.] A pretty story; a tale ; a novel. HISTORIOGRAPH'ICAL, a. Relat- ing to historiography. HISTORY, u.^ To record; to relate. [Shah.] HISTORY-PAINTING, n. Tiie art of representing historical subjects by the pencil. HIT, 7i. [add.] A striking expression or turn of thought, which seems to be peculiarly applicable, or to hit the point. HITH'ERWARDS, adv. Same ai HiTHERWARD. HiVES, 7i. [add.] The popular name in the north of England and in Scotland for the varicella globularis of Willan, a variety of the chicken-pox. HIVING, i?i>r. Collecting into a hive. HIZ'ZY, ) HIZ'ZIE, \ n. A hussy. [Scotch.] lUS'SlE, ) H.M-S. An abbreviation for his or her Majesty's ship or service. HO, V. i. To call out; an old sea-term. [See Hoy.] IlOAST'iVlANjt n. A coal-fitter; one of an ancient (jiiild fraternity in New- castle, who were concerned in selling or shipping coal. HO'AZIN, n. A bird of the gallinace- ous order, of the genus Opisthocomus. It is a native of S. America, lias a short thick bill, and is distinguished by its occipital crest of long feathers, whence is derived its scientific name. HOG-GU.M IIOLT-ORDERS HOMLINESS HOB'BLE,v.i.or/. Todance. [Scotch.] HOBBLER, n. [add.] A kiud of horse- soldier ill Ireland who roJe upon u hobby. HOB'BLESHOW,! n. A hubbub; a HOB'BILSHOW, > tumult; an up- roar. [Scotch.] HOB'BY, H. [add.] The Fa?co subbuteo of Linn., a bird of the hawk kind, for- merly used in the humbler walks of falconry, chiefly for catching larlvs and other small birds. HOBBYHORS'ieAL,rt. Pertaining to, or having a hobbyhorse ; eccentric. [Low.] HOBBYHORS'IGALLY, arfr. Oddly; whimsically. [Zotc] HOB'NOB, adv. At random; come what will. [Shak.] HOCHETOT,t n. [See Hotchpot.] [ Chaucer. ] HOCK'EY, n. [add.] A game at ball played with a club curved at the lower end. Also termed HawkeiJ. [Local.] HO€QUETEUR',t n. [Old Fr.] A knight of the post; a decayed man; a basket-carrier. HODDEN-GRAY, n. [Qu. from Eng. hoiden, rustic] Cloth manufactured from wool in its natural state, without being dyed ; in former times much worn by the Scottish peasantry. [Scotch.] UOD'DLE, V. i. To waddle. [Scotch.] HOD'DY, n. Another name for the car- rion-crow. HOE, «. The picked shark (Acanthias vulgaris) is so called in Orkney. HOE'-MOTHER (contracted into Ho- mer), n. The name in Orkney of the basking-shark. HOG, 71. [add.] All the varieties of the domestic hog are derived from the wild boar {Sits scrofa). [See Svidm.] — la the game of curling, a stone which does not go over the distance-score. HOG-GUM, M. A resinous substance burning with a smoke, and yielding an aromatic, agreeable odour; it is astrin- gent,vulnerary,and diuretic. It is applied to fresh wounds, sores, gonorrhoea, and as a plaster in gout and rheumatism. The plant which produced it was long supposed to be Hhus metopiitm^ one of the Terebinthaceje ; but it has now been proved to be the JMoronobea cocciiieay Hojj-gunij .Vo7vnobe:t ccccinea. of the natural order Guttifera?, and found not only in Jamaica, but in St. Domingo, under the name of bois-d- cockon, iuGuianaunderthatof maicna, and in Brazil, where it is called mani or ouani. In Jamaica it is called the hog- gum, hog-doctor's-gitm, doctors- gum, and boar-tree. HOG'LOUSE, n. A crustacean of the genus Oniscus, belonging to the order Isopoda. In Scotland the species are generally called "slaters," from being found under stones and slates. HOGMANAY, h. [Et>/m. uncertain.] The name given by the vulgar to the last day of the year, and also to an en- tertainment given to a visitor on that day ; or to a gift conferred on those who apply for it, according to ancient custom. [Scotch.] HOG'SGORE, n. A distance-line in curling, drawn across the rink or course. [Scotch.] HOG'-SUOUTHER, n. A game in which those wlio amuse themselves justle each other by tlie shoulders. [Scotch.] HOG'-SHOUTHER, v. i. To justle with the shoulder. [Scotch.] HOG'-SKIN, n. Tanned leather made of the skins of swine. HOG-WALLOW, n. The name given to rough ground on some of the western prairies of North America, from its having the appearance of having been rooted or torn up by hogs. HOIST, n. In mech., an elevating ma- chine for goods. HoKE'-D-A.Y, n. See Hock-Dat. HOK'£R,t «. [Sax. hohcrlich.] Fro- wardness. [ Chaucer.] HOK'ERLY,ta(/f. Frowardly. [Chau- cer.] Hold, v.t. [add.) Toholdagood wind. [See Weathekly.] HoLD.f \n. A governor or chief offi- WOLD,t f cer. HOLD'-B ACK, H. [add.] The u-on in the thill of a wheel-carriage to which a part of the harness is attached, in order to enable the animal to hold back the carriage. HOLD£N,t pp. of Hold. Obliged. [Chaucer.] HOLD'ER, n. [add.] A payee of a bill of exchange or a promissory note. HuLD'ING-OVER,n. In /titc, the keep- ing possession of land after expiration of a term in it. HoLE,t ia. [Sax.] Entire; whole; HoL,t 1 sound. [Chaucer.] HOLLER, for Hollao. [Vu/gar.] HOLLOW - SPAR, n. The mineral called also chiastolite. HOL'LY,n. [add.] The holm oak {Quer- cits ilex), an evergreen oak, often called holly-oak. HOL'LY,t adv. Envircly; wholly. [Chaucer.] HOLOGRAPH'ICAL, a. Relating to a holograph; written by the hand of him from whom it comes. HOLOTHU'RIA. n. See Tkefano. HOLOTHU'RID.E, n. A family of echinoderms, called from their shape and appearance, sea-cucumbers. The type of the family is the genus Holo- thuria. HOL'OURjf n. [Sax.] A whoremonger. [Chaucer.] HOLT,t for HoLDKTH. [Chaucer.] HOLY, a. [add.] Holi/- water fount, the vessel containing the holy-water, carried about in Roman Catholic processions. — Holy-water clerk, a contemptuous name for a poor scholar ; also, a person who carried the holy-water. HO LY-CRUEL, a. Cruel from excess of holiness. [iSArtA.] HOLY- ORDERS, n. The character, 2l>i office, or service, by which a person is set apart or consecrated to the duties of a clergyman. [See Order.) HOLY-ROOD DAY, n. [add.] The fourteenth day of September, called also holy-cross day. HOLY-STONE, v. t. To scrub the deck of a vessel with the stone called by sea- men a holystone. HOLY-WATER STONE.n. The basin for holy- water, usually of stone or marble. H0M'A6E, ». [add.] Homage ancestral is where a man and his ancestors have, time out of mind, held their land of the lord by homage. — Simple homage, a mere acknowledgment of tenure with- out fealty or the services consequent ujion it. — Liege homage, a homage which included fealty and certain ser- vices. HOM'AGE, V. t. [add.] To subject in token of reverence and fealty. [Cowley.] HOM'AOE-JURY, n. A jury in a court- baron, consisting of tenants that do homage, who are to inquire and make presentments of the death of tenants, surrenders, admittances, and the like. HOMAG lUM, n. [Law Lat.] Homage. HOME, a. [add.] Relating to one's country or dwelling-place; domestic; opposed to foreign ; as, home manufac- tures. HOME, adv. [add.] In marine lang.^ the proper position of ans^thing. The sheets of a sail are said to be home when the clues are hauled chock out to the sheave-holes. HOME-DEPARTMENT, n. That de- partment of the exscutive government in whicli the interior affairs of the country are regulated. HoME'-LlKE, a. Resembling or like home. HOME'-OFFICE,_H. The governmental othce in which the'affaiis of the home- department are transacted. HOMEOPATHIC, instead of HO- ME OP ATHET'IC. HOMEOPATH'ICALLY, instead of HOMEOPATHET ICALLY. HOMEOP'ATHIST, instead of HO- MEO PATHIST. HOMEOPATHY, instead of HO- MEO PATHY. HO'MER, n. See Hoe-Mother. HOMER'ICAL, a. Same as Homeric. HOME'-SEC'RETAKY, n. The secre- tary of state for the home-department. HOME'-SICK.a. Ill from being absent from home; affected with home-sick- ness. HOME'SOCKEN. 5ce Hamesucren. HOME'SPUN,n. Cloth made at home; as, he was dressed in homespun. HOMEWARD, a. Being in the direc- tion of home. HOMILET'IC, \a. [add.] Relat- HOMILET'ICAL, | ing to homiletics. This is the most usual sense of the word. [See Homiletics in this Supp.] HOMILET'ICS, n. The art of preach- ing ; that branch of practical theology which teaches the principles of adapt- ing the discourses of the pulpit to the spiritual benefit of the hearers, and the best methods which ministers of the gospel should pursue for instructing their hearers by their doctrines and example. HOM INES,n.[L. plur.ofAo?m),aman.] In law, feudatory tenants, who claimed a privilege of having their c;iuses, &c,, tried onlv in their lord's court. HOMINY, n. 6Ve Hommonv. HoM'LINESS,t n. Homeliness; do- HOMOTKOPAL HONOURABLE HOPPLES Tail of Herring. mesticnianagenient;faniiHarity. {^Chau- cer.] HoM'LYjf a. Homely; domestic ; plain; simple. [Chaucer,^ HO'MO. [Gr. iptoi, one and the same.] A Greek term used in composition to denote similarity ; resemblance; sarae- HO'MOCER'€AL, a. [Gr. i.^^^, and xi^Kot, the tail of a beast.] A term ap- plied to those fishes which have tails with rays re- gularty diverj^ing from the back -bone, as in the herring and trout. [See Hetehocercal in this Supp.'\ HOMODRO'iMAL, a. Same as Homo- DROMOUS. HOM(EOPATH'ie,a. instead of HO- MCEO'PATHIC. HOMCEOPATH'IGAL, a. Same as HOM(EOPATHIC. HOMCEOPATH'IGALLY, adv. In a homoeopathic manner. HOMOEOP'ATHIST, n. One who is versed in or practises homoeopathy. HOM(EOP'ATHY, w. instead of HO- MOEO'PATHY. [add.] This method of curing diseases is founded on resem- blances, expressed in the Latin phrase " similia similihus curantui','^ like is cured by like, and stands in dii'ect op- position to the system founded upon the principle of treating diseases by their opposites, and which is termed helero- pathy. HOMOOE'NEAL, or HOMOfiE'NE- ODS, a. After the words, "such as have one common radical part," add, as *\/ a, \/ b. HOMOIOU'SIAN, a. Having a similar nature. HOMOIOU'SIANS, n. SeeHoMOOiou- SIANS. nOMOL06'IGAL, a. Pertaining to homology ; having a structural affinity. [See Homology in this Supp.] HOMOL'OGOUS, a. [add.] The homo- logons terms of a proportion are either the two antecedents, or the two con- seQuents HOM OLOGUE,n. [Gr o^a.-^andXflyof.] In nat. liUtory, the same organ in dif- ferent animals, under every variety of form and function. HOMOLOGY, n. [Gr. o.was, and x^yog.] In physical science, alKuity depending on structure, and not merely on simi- larity of form or use. HOMOMOKPH'OUS, a. [Gr. ^^«, and ^6g(P*3. form.] Of similar form : a term ai>plied to some neiu'opterous insects, which, in their larva state, are similar in form to the perfect insect, though destitute of wings. HOM'ONY, n. See Hommonv. HOM'OPHONE, n [Fr., from Gr o,<«;, and i*mvy,. sound.] A letter or charac- ter expressing a like sound with an- other. HOMOP'TERA, instead of HOMO P- TERA. HOMOP'TERANS, n. Same as Ho- MOPTERA. H OMOT'ROPAL, a. instead of HOM'- OTROPAL, [add.] Applied to an embryo, the radicle of which joints to the hilum or base of the seed; and to an ovule, whose apex is at the op- posite end from tlie hilum; a homo- tropal ovule produces a seed which has an antitroiial embryo, while a homo- tropal embryo is the result of an ana- tropal ovule. HOMUN'€ULUS, n. [L.] A manikin; a dwarf. HONDE,tH. [Sax.] Xh^^nA.— An honde- brede, a hand's-breadth. [Chaucer.] HOND'EN,t n. plur. Hands. [Qhaucer.] HON'EST,ta. [add.] Creditable; ho- nourable; becoming a person of rank. [Chaucer.] HONESTETEE',t( n. [Fr.] Virtue; HON'ESTEE.f J decency ; good manners. [Chaucer.] HON'ESTY, n. [add.] Liberality. [Shak.] HoN'EY, n. [add.] Virgin-honetf, honey produced by the young bees that have never swarmed, and which spontane- ously runs out of the comb, owing to its purity. — Clarified honey^ honey melted in a water-bath, and freed from scum. — Acetated honey^ clarified honey and acetic acid ; oxymel.— //o«ey of borax, clarified honey and borax. HoN'EY, V. i. To talk fondly. [Shak.] HON'EY-BUZZARD, n. The Periiis apivorus, one of the most elegant of the British birds of prey, or rather of such migratory species as become oc- casional visitants here. It feeds on bees, wasps, &c. HON'EYEDNESS, n. Sweetness; al- lurement. HuN'EY-GUII>E,n. [add.] The honey- guides form a genus of the cuckoo family, to which the name of indicators has been given. Their .skin is very tough, and impenetrable by the sting of a bee. HONEY-SUCKERS, ) w.MeliphagidEe, HON'EY-EATERS, f afamily of ten- uirostral birds, peculiar to New Holland and the neighbouring islands. Besides the juices of flowers, and the insects obtained with them, many of these birds feed on berries. One species is the An- tochcera mellivora, or bush wattle-bird ; another, the Meliphaya australasiana, or Australian honey-eater. HONG, n. [add.] The Chinese name for the foreign factories situated at Canton. — Hong merchants, those persons who are alone legally permitted to trade with foreigners. They are ten in num- ber, and are always held responsible by the government for paying all duties on imports or exports in foreign vessels. HONG,t V. t. or i. To hang. [Chaucer.] HON'ORARY, a. and n. Misplaced: see after Honouradly. HONORARY FEUDS, n. In law, titles of nobility descendible to the eldest son, exclusive of all the rest. HON'ORARY SERVICES, n. In law, services incident to grand serjeanty, and commonly aimexed to some honour. HONORIFIC, a. Conferring honour. HON'OUR, «. [add.] In /aw, a seigniory of several manors, held under one baron or lord paramount; also, those digni- ties, or privileges, degrees of nobility, knighthood, and other titles, which flow from the crown. — Honours of war . [A'eeWAR.] — //oHo«r-co«r<*", courts held within honours, or seigniories. — Ho- nour bright! a protestation of honour among the vulgar. HONOURABLE, ff. [add.] A title of quality bestowed upon the younger children of earls, and the children of viscounts and barons ; also, upon per- sons enjoying trust and honour, and collectively on the House of Commons, and the East India Company. — Right honourable, a title given to all peers and peeresses of the United Kingdom; to the eldest sons, and all the daughters of peers above the rank of viscount ; to all privy-councillors, and to some civic 205 functionaries, as the lord-mayors of London and Dublin. HON'OURABLENESS, n. [add.| Re- putableness; creditableness ; respecta- bility. HONT, for Hunt. [Chaucer.] HON'Y- SWETE,t a. Sweet as honey. [Chaucer.] HOOD, n. [add.] The foremost and aftermost planks of a vessel's bottom, both inside and outside. — Hooding-ends, or hood-ends, those ends of the planks which fit into rebates of the stem or stern post. — Also, a covering for a com- panion hatch, for a mortar, &c., and a piece of tarred canvas put on the ends of standing rigging. HOOD. In composition, [add.] Head- lesse hood, headlessness. [Spenser.] HOpD'-CAP, ?i A species of seal, the Stemmatopus rristatus, found in the arctic seas, so called from an appendage on the head which the animal inflates when it is angry or excited. HOOD'-ENDS, \ See Hood in this HOODING-ENDS. j Supp. H00D'IE-€RAW, n. The hooded crow; the carrion-crow. [Scotch.] HOpD'-SHEAF, n. A sheaf used to cover other sheaves when set up in shocks HOOF'-SHAPED, a. Shaped like a hoof. HOOK, n. [add.] In A'cro Yorh, a name given to several angular points in the North and East rivers ; as, Saudi/ Hook, Poioless Hook, &c. HOOK, D. «. [add.] To steal. [Vulgar.} HOOK'-L.4ND, n. Land ploughed and sowed every year. HOOL, n. The husk; the hull; the covering; the slough. [Scotch.} HOOL'IE, a. Slow; cautious; careful. [Scotch.} HOOL'IE, ath. Slowly; cautiously ; softly; carefully; moderately. — lloolie and fairly, soit\y and smoothly; cau- tiously and moderately. [Scotch.} HOOP-ASH, 71. The North American tree Celtis crassifolia. — Hoop -petti- coat, the plant Narcissus bulbocodimn. HOOP'CE, n. [add.] [See Upupa.] HOOS'lER, n. In the United Stales, a term applied to the citizens of the state of Indiana. HOOT, ) ittterj. A term e.vpressive of HOUT, > dissatisfaction, of some de- HOOTS, ) gree of irritation, and some- times of disbelief, equivalent to the Ting. fi/,ov tut, tush, pshaw, &c. [Scotch.} HOOT'ING,n. [add.] The cry of an owl. HOOVE, i n. A disease of cattle in HOOV'EN, } which the stomach is in- Hated by gas, caused generally by eat- ing too much green food. HOOV'ED, for Hoveked. [5i)e«ser.] HOPE, r. i. [add.] To trust. HOPE, B. (. (add. I To expect. [Shah.} HOPES, n.ptor. Expectations. [Shah.\ HOP-O'-MY-THUMB, n. A very di- minutive person. [Vulgar.} HOP'PER, n. [add.] A box-frame i r funnel for supplying fuel to a close fur- nace, &c. Sometimes written Hoppet. HOP'PESTEKES,t ". [Sax.] Dancers. [Chaucer.} HOP'PING-DICK, 71. The local name of a species of thrush, the Merula leu- cogenys, a bird common in Jamaica, who, in his lively and familiar manners, as well .as his sable plumage, his clear, rich, and mellow song, greatly resem- bles the English blackbiril. HOP'PLES, n. i>hir. Fetters for the legs of horses or other animals when turned out to graze. [£ocu/.J UORKOK HOT-BED HOCSEWIFE'SKEP EOP-POLE, n. See Hop. HOP -S€OTCn, n. A play among boys. The word scotch refers to lines which are scotched or traced on the ground, over which tlie player can pass only by hopping. HORD,t n. [Sax.] Aboard; treasure; a private place ht for the keeping of treasure. [Chaucer.'] HORDEOLUM, n. [L. dimin. of Aor- dettm.] A stve, or small tumour on the eyelids, resembling a barley-corn. HORE.t \a. [Sax.] Hoary; gray. HOOK.t ) [Chaucer.] HORE,ta. [See Hoar.] Musty;mouldy; sordid. [Spenser.] HORIZON, n. [add.] Artificial hori- zon, a contrivance for euabling the j mariner to obtain altitudes of the hea- venly bodies when the horizon of the sea is obscured by fog, or concealed by intervening land. It consists of a small hollow trouf;h containing quicksilver or any other Huid, the surface of which affords a reflected image of a celestial body. HORN, n. [add.] A horn, a glass of liquor. HORN'-BILL, n. [add.] The species represented in the cut is the rhinoceros horn-bill (Biiceros rhinoceros), so named from its being furnished with an im- mense appendage in the form of a re- verted horn, at the base of the upper mandible. HORNBLENDE-ROCK, >i. Primitive greenstone, a crystalline compound of hornltlenJe and felspar. HORN BLENDE-SLATE, n. A pri- mary rock composed of crystals of hornblende, often intermixed with fel- spar. It is generally of a distinct slaty structure. HORNBLEND'ie, a. instead of HORNBLEN'Die. HORNBLEND'ie €LAT-SLATE, n. A rock of the Cambrian group, com- posed of clay-slate, in which crystals of hornblende and actinolite are inter- spersed. HORNBLEND I€ GRANITE, n. A vai-iety of granite, in which hornblende supplies the place of mica. HORNED HORSE, ;i. The gnu,— ichich see. HORN'-M.\KER, n. A maker of cuckolds. [6"AaA.] HORN-POCK, n. Aform of small-pox in which the pimples are imperfectly suppurating, ichorous, or horny, and semi-transparent. HORNS, n. ptur. In ships, the outer ends of the cross-trees. HORNY-FROG, n. The prominence in the hollow of a horse's foot. HOROLOG'IU-M, n. [L.] The Horo- loge or Clock, a southern constellation consisting of twelve stars. It is cut by a line passing through Canopus to the southern part of Eridanus. HOROLOG lUM FLOR^.n. In hot., a time-paper of flowers; a table ex- plaining the period at which the same flowers expand in difterent latitudes. HOROMETER, n. [Gr, i;«. an hour, and jtwrjor, measure.] An instrument to measure hours. HOR'OSeOPER, ) n. One versed in HOKOS'COPIST, ) horoscopy. HOROSeOPY, instead of HOR'OS- €OPY'. HOROWE.to. [Sax.] Foul. [Chaucer.] HOU R1BLETE,+ n. [Fr.] Horrible- ness. [Chaucer.] HOR'ROR, n. [add.] Tlie horrors, a result of habits of inebriation ; a state of extreme bodily and mental agitation, occasioned by the withdrawal of the customary stimxdus. HORS.t n. pi. [Sax.] Horses. [Chaucer.] HORSE,+ n. Hoarse. [Chaucer.] HORSE, i\ t. [add.] To support or bear up from the ground, as a horse does his rider. [S/iaA.] — To flog a schoolboy, by placing him on the back of another person. HORSE-BARRACKS, n. Barracks for cavalry. HORSE-COASTER, n. A horse-dealer. [Scotch.] HOKSE'-DOCTOR, n. One who cures horses. HORSE-FINCH, n. A local name for that common bird the chaflinch (Friii- gilla Calebs). HORSE'-FOOT.n. In the Cnited Stales, the common name of a crustacean of the genus Polyphemus, so called from its resemblance to a horse's hoof. HORSE'-HOE, n. A sort of hoe or har- row drawn bv a horse. HORSE'-IRON, 1 n. A kind of HORSING IRON,} caulking used for horsing-up, that is, hardening in the oakum of a vessel's seams. HORSE-JOCK'EYSHIP, n. The state or quality of a horse-jockey. HORSELY', adc. In the manner of a horse. Applied to a horse, as manly is to a man. [Ludicrous.] HORSE'-JIACK'EREL, n. A species of fish, the scad {Caranx trachurus). HORSE'-RAliE, n. A large rake drawn by a horse. HORSE'-SHOE, a. Having the form of a horse-shoe ; as, a horse-shoe magnet. HORSE-SHOEING, 7!. The act or emplovmentjjf shoeing horses. HORSE -STEALING, n. The crime of stealing a horse or horses. HORSE'-TAIL, n. [add.] A Turkish standard. [See T.UL.] HORSE-WOMAN, n. A woman who rides on horseback. HORS'LY,t adv. After the manner of a horse. [Chaucer.] HOSE, II. [add.] The hollow part of a spade, or other tool of a similar kind, which receives the end of the shaft or handle. HOSPICE, n. [Fr.,from L. hospitium.] A term applied to convents in some of the passes of the Alps for the enter- tainment of travellers. HOSPITAL, n. [add.] Hospitals are eleemosynary corporations, and are either aggregate, in which the master or warden and his brethren have the estate of inheritance ; or sole, in which the master, &c., only has the estate in him, and the brethren or sisters, hav- ing college and common seal in them, must consent, or the master alone has the estate, not having college or com- mon seal. HOS'PITALE,t n. An inn. [Siienwr.] HOSPI "TIU.M, II [L.] Among old icriters, a place or inn for the reception of strangers, but in modern times an hospice, — ichich see in this Supp. — In law, an inn of court. ROSS, for Horse. [ Vulgar.] HOS'TEL,t n. An inn. HOSTELER,+ ) , . , HOS TLER,t I "■ ^° "">''««?"■ HOS'TELERE,t ii. [Fr.] An innkeeper. [Chaucer.] HOS'TILEMENTS,t n. plur. House- hold furniture. [Chaucer.] HOSTLER, n. [add.] Generally pron. os'ler. HOT'-BED, 71. [add.] A place which 2uti favours rapid growth or development ; as, a hot-bed of sedition. HOTE,t \pp. of Bete. Called. [See HO'TEN.t ( HiGHT.] [Chaucer.] HOT -PRESS, i\ t. To press paper, &c., between hot plates. HOT'-PRESSED, ;>j>. or a. Pressed between hot plates, as paper. HOT TENTOT, instead of HOTTEN- TOT. HOTTENTOT-CHERRY', instead of HOTTENTOT-CHERRY. HOT- WATER ORDEAL. See Or- DE-U.. HOT'-WELL, n. In condensing steam- engines, a reservoir for receiving the warm water which the air-pump draws oft" from the condenser. Part of this water is used to feed the boiler, and for this purpose it is drawn off from the hot-well bv means of the feed-pump. HOEFF, ) II. A haunt ; a chief place ol HOWFF, j resort; a house; a burial- place. I Scotch.] HODGHER, n. (hok'er.) One who houghs or hamstrings. HOUND, 71. [add.] In modern common parlance, this term is often contemptu- ously applied to individuals; as, a sly hound, a low hound, a selfish, greedy, rapacious, quirking fellow, who ^vill alike employ fair or foul means for the attainment of his purpose. HOUND, V. I. [add.] To hound, or hound out, to ferret out ; to set on ; to encou- rage to do injury to others. [5co/cA.] HOUNT)'-FISH, II. A name of certain fishes of the shark family. The Squa- lus mustelus, smooth hound-fish, grows to the length of three or four feet, and is esteemed delicate food among the Hebrides. HOUNE,t 71. for HousD. [CTiaiicer.] HOUP ED,t n. pret. of Hoop. Hooped or hollowed. [Chaucer.] HODR'-GL.\SS STAND, n. The stand for an hour-glass. HOUS-\GE, n. A fee paid for housing goods by a caiTier, or at a wharf, quay, &c. HOUSE, 71. [add.] In mercaiilile affairs, a tirm or commercial establishment ; as, the house of Baring and Brothers. — Mouse of correction, a prison for the punishment of idle and disorderly per- sons, vagrants, trespassers, &c. HOUSE -EN6lXE,n.InmceA.,asteam- engine which is so constructed as to depend to some extent on the build- ing in which it is contained, and is not independent or portable. Mostly all large land-engines are thus dependent, and therefore come nnder the denb- mination of house-engines. HOUS ELED,t;)i). Having received the eucharist. — To ben houseled, to receive the sacrament. [Chaucer.] HOUSEN. n. Old plur. of House. HOUSE'-PAlNTER,n. Onewhopaints houses. HOUSE -RENT, i.. Rent paid for the use of a house. HOUSE'-SP.4.RROW, ti. A species of sparrow, the JFringilla domestica. HOUSE'-SPlDER,ii. A spider that in- fests houses (Tegenaria domestica of naturalists). HOUSE'-STEWARD, n. X domestic employed in the care and management of a familv. HOUSE-SWALLOW, n. A species of swallow, the Hirundo urbica. HOUSE-TAX, n. An assessed tax on dwelling-houses. HOUSE' WIFE'SKEP, ) ii. House- HUS SIE'SlvEP, J wifery. HUG HUMIRIACE^ HUNG-BEEF HOUS'IA.t ) n. [Fr housse.'] An outer HOUSSE.f ) garment combining cloak and tunic. HOUS'ING, n. [add.] A saddle-cloth; a horse-cloth. — In arch., a niche for a statue. —In com., the putting of goods under shelter. One of the charges at public docks is for housing. HOUT-FIEI Unterj. Pshaw; non- HOUT'-AWA! f sense; fy. [Scotch.] HOVE, n. A disease of slieep ; wind- colic. HOV'£D,t pp. [See Hove.] Hovered. [Spenser.] HOVEKINGLY, acU: In a hovering manner. HO WEL, n. A cooper's tool for smooth- ing the inside of a cask. HOWEVER, adv. [add.] In whatsoever state. HOWK'IT, pp. Dug out. [Sec HowK. I [Scotch.] HOWiM, 71. A holm. [Scotch.] HOWRES,t n. plur. [Fr. heures.] Prayers or devotions at stated hours ; a book of prayers or devotions. [Spenser.] HO WSO,t ado. [Abbreviation of how- soever.] Althoui^h. HOWSOEVER, adv. [add.] For this word, however is generally used. HOWVE.t n. [Sax.] A cap or hood. [Chancer.] HOX'ES, n. plur. Hamstrings. [Shan.] HOY, II. t. To incite; a term used as to dogs; to chase or drive away. [Scotch.] HOYING, i>pr. Hollowing to ; setting on a dog. [Scotch.] HIIC, n. [add.] The name of a wheel; the mark to be thrown at in quoits or some other games; the hilt of a sword [Local.] — Up to the hub, as far as pos- sible, or to the utmost. [Local.] HUBBLE-BUBBLE, n. In the East Indies, a name given by the Anglo-In- dians to the form of tobacco-pipe most commonly used by the natives. It is generally formed of the shell of a cocoa- nut, with a tobacco- bowl inserted at one part, and a reed for a mouth -piece at another. The she)! is partially fillcil with water, and the smoke drawn through it. In use it produces a gurgling noise ; hence the name. HUBBUBBOO', n. A howling. HUE. [add.] Although the term hue- and-cry has in a great measure fallen into disuse, it is the process still recog- nized by the law of England, as a means of arresting felons without the warrant of a justice of the peace. When hue- and-cry is raised, all persons, as well constables a.s others, are bound to join in the pursuit, and assist in the capture of the felon. HUFF, V. i. [add.] To take offence. [CoUoq.] HUFF, a. Angry; huffish. [Gav-] HUF'F£D,Mi.[add.]Ottended.[t'oHo9.] HUF'FINESS, n. [add.] Resentment. [Cottoq.] HUF'FlNG,ppr. [add.] Taking offence. [Colloq.] HUF'FY, a. [add.] Angry ; being in ill- humour. [Culloq.] HUG, V. t. [add.] To congratulate ; fol- lowed by a reciprocal pronoun ; as, to hug one's self. [Not elegant.] HUG, V. i. To lie close; to crowd to- [(ubble-bubble. gether; to cuddle; as, to hug with swine. [Shah.] HUGGER, n. One who hugs or em- braces. HUG'GER-MUG'GER, a. Clandestine; poor ; mean ; confused. [Local.] HUL'FE RE,t n. [Sax.] Holly. [ Chaucer.] HUL'STRED,t pp. [Sax.] Hidden. [Chaucer.] HUM, 11. [add.] An imposition in jest. ( Vttlgar.] HUMANITARIAN, n. [h. humanus, humauitas.] One who denies the di- vinity of Christ, and believes him to be a mere man. HUMANITA'RIAN, a Relating to humanitarians, or humanitarianism, HUMANITA'RIANISM, n. The doc- trine that Jesus Christ was possessed of a human nature only. HUMAN'ITY', n. [add.] Cause of be- nevolence ; human or secular learning, as opposed to theology. [Bacon.] HUMANIZER, ii. One who humanizes, or renders humane. HUxMBLE-BEE, ii. [add.] The humble- bees are now referred to the genus Bombus. There are many species in this country which live in curious ha- bitations, sometimes excavated at a considerable depth in the ground, and sometimes built upon its surface be- neath stones, &c. The societies consist, in some species, of about fifty or sixty in- dividuals; in others, of as many as 200 or .300. They contain three kinds of in- dividuals—males, females, and neuters. The prevailing colours of the species are yellow, red, and black. The B. lerrestris (Apis terrestris of Linn.) and B. lapidarius, are tlie largest of the species. HUM BLEHEDE.t n. [Sax.) Humble state. [Chaucer.] nUM'BLESS,t n. [Old Fr. humblesse.] Humbleness; humility. H U M - B L E S S E,t n. [Fr.] Humility. [Chaucer, Spenser.] HUx'\IBLING, 11. Humiliation; abate- ment of pride. HUMBLING,t n. A humming. [Chau- cer.] HUM'BLINGLY, adv. In a humbling or humiliating manner; in a manner calculated to humble. HUM'BOLDTITE, instead of HUM- BOLDITE. [add.] A variety of da- tholite. HUM'BUG, 11. [add.] An impostor; a cheat ; one who deceives under fair and honourable pretences. [Colloq.] HUM HUGGER, ii. One who humbugs. [Low.] HUM'BUGGERY, ii. The practice of imposition. [Low.] HUM'DRUM, n. [add.] A small low cart with three wheels, drawn usually by one horse. — Also, a dronish tone of voice ; dull monotony. [Local.] HUM DRUiM, V. i. To pass time in a dull manner. HUMDUDG'EON, n. A complaint; needless noise. [Scotch.] HU'MERUS, instead of HUMERUS. HU'Mie ACID, 11. A product of the decomposition of humus by alkalies. HU'MILE,t a. Lowly ; humble. HU'MILE,t V. t. To humble. HU'MILIS, 71. [L. humble.] A name given to the inferior straight muscle of the eye, because it turns the eye down- wards, and is expressive of humility. HU'MINE, n. See Humus. 11UMIRIA'CE>«;, 71. A nat. order of polypetalous exogenous plants. The species are all Brazilian trees or shrubs, 307 abounding in a resinous juice. One species, Humirium balsamiferum, has a thick bark, which abounds with a red balsamic fluid resembling styrax in smell. The bark is used by the ne- groes and natives of Guiana for flam- beaux; and the wood (termed red- wood) is used in building their houses. HUM'LE, ) „ ,, re , , HUM'BLE.J "■ -Sfe Hummel. [Scotch.] HUM'LOCK-KNOW, n. Hemlock- knoll. [Scotch.] HUM'MEL, V. t. To separate the awns of barley from the grains [See IIum- MELLINO.] HUM'MELLER,)i. One whohummels; an instrument or machine for separat- ing the awns of barley from the seed. HUJI'MING-BIRD HAWK-MOTH, 11. A sphingidous lepidopterous insect, the Mccroylossa stellaiarum, commonly known under the name of bee-bird, It is one of the most beautiful of the diurnal species of hawk-moths, and is remarkable for the loudness of the sound which its wings produce ; when feeding, it inserts its long proboscis into the cups of even the narrowest tubular flowers. HUM'MOCK, 11. [add.] A sheet of ice having the surface generally level, but here and there diversitied by projections. HU'MOR, n. [L.] An aqueous sub- stance ; a general name for any fluid of the body, except the blood. [See Hu- mouk.] HU'iMORIC, a. Pertaining to humor or humors. HU'MORIST, n. [add.] One who at- tributes all diseases to a depraved state of the humors. HUMORIS TIC, a. Like a humorist. [Rar. us.] HU MOUR, n. [add.) Out of humour, out of temper; dissatisfied; displeased. HUMP'-BACKS, 11. A genus of whales (Megaptera), so called by sailors from the bunch on their backs. Species are found both in the northern and south- ern seas. They are not much esteemed by whalers. HUMP'ED, a. Having a hump or pro- tuberance on the back. HUM'STRUM, n. A musical instru- ment out of tune, or rudely construct- ed ; a Jew's harp. [Local.] HU'MULINE, 11. The same as Luru- LiNE, — ivhich see. HUNCH'BACK, n. A hump-back; a hump-backed person. HUN'DRED-COURTS,ii. [add] Hun- dred-courts are now obsolete, and the jurisdiction of hundreds is devolved to the county-courts. HUNDRED-FOLD, n. A hundred times as nuich. HUN DREDOR, 11. 5cc Hundreder. HUN DRED-PENNY, ii. A tax for- merly collected by the sheritf or lord of a hundred. ll\]tiG,pp.o{ Hang, [add.] In arch., sashes are said to be hung double, when the upper and lower are balanced by weights, for raising or depressing ; and they are said to be hung single, when only one, usually the lower, is balanced over the pulleys. HUNGARIAN, a. Relating to Uuii- gary. — Hungarian machine, a hydraulic machine on the principle of Hero's fountain, so called from its having been first employed in draining a mine at Chemnitz in Hungary. HUNG'-BEEF, n. The fleshy part of beef slightly salted, and hung up to dry; dried beef. HTJRDLE HYDAKTHETJS HTDROCANTHAKID^ Bunter's Press. HUNGERED, i>/). or a. Hungry; l>inched bv want of food. HUNT, V. t. [add.] Hounds are said to hunt change^ when they take a fresh scent, and follow another chase. — To hunt at force, to run the game down with dog3 instead of shooting it. — To hunt counter, to hunt the wrong way, to trace the scent backwards ; also, to take a false trail. A dog that has this propensity is called a hunt-counter. HUNT'Eli, n. The name applied in Jamaica to a largish species of cuckoo (Piavfi j^liivialis). HUNTER'S SCREW, n. In mech., a form of differential screw, so named after the inventor. — {Phil. Trans.^ vol. xvii.) It con- sists of two parts a and b ; the former i3 screwed ex- ternally, and works in a nut c; and it is hollow and screwed in- ternally to receive tlie screwed part by which is prevented from turning upon its axis (by the slid- ing guide- piece rf), when the part a is turned by means of a lever or handle applied at e. The ver- tical velocity of the guide d is mani- festly less, as the pitch of the screw h is greater, and the pressure is accord- ingly so much the greater as the pitches of the parts a and b are more nearly equal. {See Screw.] UUNT'EU-TRAIN, n. A band of sportsmen. HUNTTNG-€OG, n. Millwrights for- merly imagined that in a given pair of toothed wheels it was desirable that the individual teeth of one wheel should come into contact with the same teeth of the otlier wheel as seldom as pos- sible, on the ground that the u'regula- rities and improprieties of figure would be more likely to be ground down and obliterated by continually bringing dif- ferent pairs of the teeth into action. To effect this the numbers of teeth in the two wheels were made prime to each other, as 81 and 20, which are very nearly iu the r:itio of 4 to 1, and yet any two teeth which meet in the first revolution are distant by one in the second, by two in the third, and so on ; so that one tooth is thus conceived to hunt the other, whence the term huntiny-cv'j, which is supposed to apply to the odd tooth of the SO + 1. Watch and clock makers, on the other hand, have always avoided hunting-cogs as an evil, and suppose that smoothness of the teeth is best effected by bring- ing the same pairs into contact as often as possible. HUNTING-MATCH, n. A chase of animals. HURAU'LITE, n. A new mineral oc- curring in the Haute- Vienne. It con- sists of a phosphate of iron and man- ganese. HUR CHEON, n. An urchin ; a hedge- hog. [Scotch.] HURD lES,n. The buttocks. [Scotch.] UL'R'DLE, V. t. To make up, hedge, cover, or close with hurdles. HURDLES, n. In husbandry, iron frames for fences. [See Hurdle.] HURE, n. A whore. [Scotch.] HURE.f «. A gown worn by clerical and legal men. HUREEK', n. An Indian grass, a variety of Paspalum scrobiculatum, said to ren- der the milk of cows that feed upon it narcotic and drastic. HUR'LlE-HACK'ETS,n.SmalltTOUghs or sledges in which people used for- merly to slide down an inclined plane on the side of a hill. Hence, a hurly- hacket is a slide down a precipice. [Scotch.] HLTR LIE-HOUSE, n. A term applied to a large house, that is so much in disrepair as to be nearly in a ruinous state. [Scotch.] HU RON, n. A fish of the perch kind, the Huro nigricans^ known to the Eng- lish -settlers on the borders of Lake Huron by the name of black-bass. The flesh is firm, white, and well-tia- vom-ed, and is in high estimation as an article of food. HURR.f t'. i. To make a trilling sound, as of the letter R. HURRICANE, n. [add.] Hurricane- dech, a name given to the upper deck of steam-boats, which, from its height, is liable to be injured by sudden and vio- lent winds. HUR'RIER, n. [add.] One who draws a corve or waggon in a coal-mine. HUR RY, V. t. [add.] To draw a corve or waggon in coal-mines. HURT LEN.f pres. tense pi. of Hurtle. All hurtlen forth, all rush forth, or push forward, f^pe/wer.] HURT'-SICKLE, n. A plant, the Cen- iaurea cyanus, which grows in corn- fields ; so named because it is trouble- some to cut down, and sometimes notches the sickle. HUSH ART, a. Tending to quiet or lull. HUSlv'ERS, n. A name applied to many of the smaller birds, from their depriv- ing the seeds on which they feed of their hard outer covering. The linnet and canary are familiar examples. HUSKILY, m/r. Drilv ; roughly. HUSK'INESS, n. [add.] Figuratively, roughness of sound ; as, hushiness of the voice. HUSK'ING, n. The act of stripping off husks. — In the United States, the act of stripping off the husks from Indian corn. — In New England it is the prac- tice for farmers to invite their neigh- bours to assist them in stripping maize in autumnal evenings, and this is called a hushing. HUSSAR', n. instead of HUS'SAR. HUST,t a. [Sax.] Silent; whist. [Chau- cer.] HUS'WIFELY, o. Thrift v ; frugal. HUS'WIFELY, arfu. ThriftUy ; like a huswife. HUTTO'NIAN, a. Relating to that theory of the earth which was fii-st ad- vanced by Dr. Hutton, and which is otherwise called the Plutonic theory. [See Plutonic] HUVETTE'jf n. [Fr.] A covering for the head of a soldier. HUZ. Us. [Scotch.] HYACIN THUS, n. Hyacinth, a genus of plants. [See Hyacinth, i HYALCE'A, n. instead of HYAL^EA. HYBRID, or HYB RID, n. HY BRID, HYB'RLDOUS, a. instead of HYBRID, HYBRIDOUS. HY'BRIDISM, n. Same as Htbridity. HY'DAR'THRUS, n. (Gr. {.la.>, and o(P<<". a joint.] White-swelling; dropsy 208 of a joint ; a disease which generally at- tacks the knee-joint, HYDR. A prefix from the Gr. i^*;, water. [See Hydro.] HYDRACH NA, n. A genus of aquatic arachnida. HYDRAM NIOS, n. [Gr, ilm., and «.«*- no».] A morbid accumulation of the liquor amnii. HYDR AU Lie HEAD, n. The meastxre of a given hydraulic pressure expressed in terms of the height of a barometri- cal column of t!ie fluid. The hydraulic head is less than the hydrostatic head by the height due to the velocity. [See Hydraulic Pressure in this Supp."] HYDRAULIC IMPACT, \n. Tho HYDRAULIC IMPULSE, f force \Wth which a liquid in motion strikes a solid at rest, which is as the square of the velocity of the stream. The re- sistance which water offers to the mo- tion of a solid does not differ essentially from impulse, and comes under the same laws. HYDRAU'LIC (MEAN) DEPTH, n. The depth which a volume of flowing water «ould take in a channel whose breadth is equal to the outline of the bottom and sides of the actual bed, and which is found by diriding the area of the transverse section of the stream by the length of the wet boundary, or the length of the boundary of the water section diminished by the width of sur- face. The hydraulic depth of a chan- nel, of which the cross section is a circle — for example, of a pipe — is the radius of the channel. HYDRAU Lie PRESS, n. Bramah's press, — which see. HYDRAULIC PRESSURE, n. The pressure which a liquid, moving in a close channel, exerts on the smface by which it is confined, and which is al- ways less than the hydrostatic presstire by the height of head due to the velo- city. Thus, if the whole hydrostatic head-pressure = h, and the water is flowing through a pipe with a velocity of V feet per second, then the head due to the velocity =-:; — , and the hydraulic head is = [ A — ) feet: and the V 2g J measure of this height is what is under- stood by the hydraulic pressure, the hydraulic head is then less than the hy- drostatic head of water by the height due to the velocity, so that the faster water flows in conduit-pipes the less does it press against their surfaces, and consequently the less does it tend to burst the pipes. HYDRAULICS, n. See Hydrodyna- mics. HYDRENCEPH'ALOCELE, n. [Gr. Ciai*. lyzi^xx^, the brain, and xr^n, a tumour.] Watery rupture of the brain. HYDRENCEPH'ALOID, a. [Gr. iS»«, t;-a^«;i#ff, and uSw. resemblance.] A term applied to aftections which resemble hydrencephalus, or dropsy of the brain. HYT)RENCEPH ALUS, n. [Gr. ^S»*, and E^KE;ax«;, the brain.] Dropsy of tne brain. HY'DROA, n. A waterv pustule. HYDROBRANCHIA'TA, n. [Gr. ii^, and ^5«>-x'«- gills.] The first section of the order Gasteropoda, containing mo- lusca which breathe water only. HY'DROBRO -AIATE, n. A salt formed by the union of hydrobromic acid with a salifiable base. HYDROUANTHAR'ID^, n. [Gr. HYDRO-PNEUMO-SARCA HTGROMETRICAL HYPER-CHLORIC ACID Cluf, and K*>fii^^6i. a beetle.] "Water- iieetles, a group of aquatic coleopte- rous insects, containing numerous genera. HYDKOCAR'BON, n. [add.] A com- bustible mineral substance found in the interstices of lignite. IIYDROCARDIA, n. [Gr. «*}. and *atg5.«, the heart.] Dropsy of the peri- cardium. HYDROenLO'RIC ETHER,?!. Chlo- ride of ethyle. It is a colourless liquid, having an aromatic odour, slightly alli- aceous. HYDROCHLORIDE, n. A chemical compound of hydrogen, chlorine, and carbon. HYDROeORI'S^, n. [Gr. M^.. and «o{i£. a bug.] The water-bugs, a tribe of hemipterous insects. It contains two f.imilies, the Notonectidas, or water- boatmen, and the Nepidae, or water- scorpions. HYDRODYNAMICS, n. [add.] This term is commonly used to denote the general science of the motion of fluids, in distinction from hjjdranlicSy which is more particularly restricted to the practical applications of the science to water and other non-elastic liquids. HYDRO-ELEC'TKIC MACHINE, n. A machine constructed by Armstrong, on the supposition that electricity is generated when steam of high pressure issues from certain cocks properly con- trived. HYDROL'OCilST, n. One skilled in hydrology. HYDROMETRID^, n. A family of hemipterous insects, tlie type of which is the genus Uydrometra. These in- sects have very long legs, adapted for walking on the water, and some of the species may be met with on almost every pond or stream. HYDKOMET'RUGRAPn,n.[Gr.«<.{, f^iT^ev, measure, and y^^^u, to describe.] An instrument for measuring and re- cording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, an orifice, &c., in a given time. HYDROM'PHALON, n. [Gr. «»;, wa- ter, and tfd.^., and efSxiue;, the eye.] Dropsy of the eye ; called also huphthahnus, or ox- eye. HYDKOPHYb'OCKLE, n. [Gr. H^., ^urau, to inflate, and xyi^y), a tumour'] Hernia, containing water and gas. HYDROP'ICALLY, adv. In an hy- dropical manner. HYDROP'ICS, n. Medicines which re- lieve or cure dropsy. HYDRO-PNEU'M'0-SAR'€A,n. [Gr. iSajj, srHviiK. air, and o-a^l. flesh.] A tumour containing air, water, and a flesh-like substance. I.— Supr. nY"DROPS. n. [Gr. «*; and a4. aspect or appearance.] Dropsy ; a morbid ac- cumulation of water in a cavity, or the cellular substance. HYDROPYRET'IC, a. Relating to sweating-fevers. HYDKOPYR'ETUS, n. [Gr. «:.{, and TKjirst, fever.] Sweating-fever or sick- ness. HY'DRO-RACHI'TIS, n. [Gr. «<.., and fux'!, the spine.] Dropsy of the spine. HYDRO-SARCOCELE, n. [Gr. «»., and sarcocele.] Sarcocele attended with dropsy of the tunica vaginalis. HYDROSTAT I-C BED, n. A kind of bed invented by Dr. Arnot, which con- sists of a trough lined with thin sheets of metal, and partially filled with water, upon the surface of which floats a sheet of water-proof india-rubber cloth. Upon this sheet is laid an ordinary soft feather-bed or mattress. It is used for patients, and by its means the pressure is so equally distributed as to afford the patient comfortable rest, and effectu- ally to prevent the formation of sores upon the most prominent points of the body. HYDROSTATI"CIAN,K. One versed in hydrostatics. [jRar. us.] HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE,n. The pressure of still water (or other pon- derous fluid) on a given area of surface, in distinction from hydraulic jyressure, — which see in this Siipp. IIYDROSUL'PHATE, instead of HY- DROSULPH'ATE. HYDROSUL'PHITE,n. A saline com- pound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base. HY'DROUS, a. Containing water; watery. HYDROXAL'IG ACID, instead of HYDROXALIC ACID. HYDRO X'IDE, instead of HY- DROXIDE. HYETOGRAPHIC, a. Pertaining to the science of rain. HYETOG'RAPHY, n. [Gr. iim, rain, and >-;«?», description.] The science of rain ; a knowledge of the quantities and localities in which rain has fallen in a given time. IIYGE'IA, n. One of the small planets or asteroids between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered by M. Gasparis, of Naples, April 25th, 1849. It revolves round the sun in 216'> solar days, and is three and one-fourth times the distance of the earth from the sun. HY'6EINE, n. Same as Hygieine. HY'pEIST, n. One versed in hygieine. HY(jIE'AN, a. Same as Hvoeian. HYGlEIN.l, n. Same as Hygieine. HYGIE'NAL, a. Relating to tlie pre- servation of health. HY6IENE', instead of IlYGl'ENE. HYOlEN'ie, a. [add.] Hygienic agents, things essential to health. These are reckoned six, viz., air, aliment, exercise, excretions, sleep, and affections of the mind. Tliese were anciently termed nnn-fiatiirats. HY'GRO. [Gr. iyft,(, moist.] A prefix which denotes the presence of mois- ture. IlYGRO'M.\, n. [Gr. iy^aiu.* from Cy^ee, moist.] A humoral tumour, as gan- glion. HYGROMETRICAL, HYGKOMET'RIC, plants, plants of which certain parts exhibit movements by the influence of moisture; as the rose of Jericho, which closes by drought, and uncloses by the 2(i!> la. [add. //;/- f gromelric contact of fluid ; the beards of the ge- ranmm and wild oat, which curl up in dry weather and straighten in damp. The beards of some other plants per- form the contrary movements. Such parts of plants are often used in the construction of hi/grometers. — Hy.jro- metric water, that portion of huinidity which gases yield to deliquescent salts. HYGROM'ETRY, n. [add.] That branch of physical science which re- lates to the determination of the hu- midity of bodies, especially of the mois- ture in the atmosphere. It embraces, also, the theory of such instruments as have been invented fora.scertaining the quantity of water contained in a given volume of air. HY'GROSCOPE, n. [add.] An instru- ment for indicating the presence of moisture in tlie atmosphere, without measuring the amount. HYG ROSCOP'IC, a. [add ] Having the property of imbibing moisture from the atmosphere. — Hygroscupic substances are chiefly of animal or vegetable origin, as hair, fish-bone, animal membranes, the beard of the wild oat, &c. HYGROSCOP'ICAL, a. Same as Hy- GKOSCOPIC. HY'LA, n. The tree-frogs, a genus of batrachian reptiles. [See Tree-Frog.] HYLARCH'ICAL, a. [Gr. ii„, matter, and a;a;*), rule.] Presiding over matter. HYLDE,t t). (.[Sax.]Topour.[CV(a»cfr.] HYLD'ING,t a- [l^ee Hildino] Base; vile. \Spenser.'\ HYL'LED.t j)i>. [Sax.] Hidden. [See Hele.] [Chaucer.} HYLOB'ATES, n. The name given by Ilbger to the long-armed apes or gib- bons. HY'LOIST, n. One who believes that matter is God. HYLOP'ATHISM, n. [Gr. lx„. and T«ffaf, affection.] The tenet or doctrine that the life of matter is sentient, HYM, 71. [add.] A blood-hound ; a mis- take in transcription for h/m. HYMENIUM, 71. [Gr. i^y,,, a mem- brane.] In bot., a term used to denote the gills of a mushroom, or that part of a fungaceous plant in which the sporules immediately lie. HYMENOMYCETES, n. The first suborder of the fungi, consisting of those species which are characterized by their reproductive organs, called the hymenium, being naked. HYMENOP'TEUANS, n. Same as Hy- menoptera. HYM'NODY, n. Hymnology. HY'O. A prefix from the Greek letter u. Anatomical names compounded with this prefix belong to nmscles attached to the os-hyoides ; as, the hyoglossus, attached to the os-hyoides and to the tongue ; the hyopharyugeus, &c. HYOl'DES, 71. [From the Greek letter w, and uloi, likeness.] A bone situated between the root of the tongue and the larynx. HYP. A prefix. {See Hypo.] HYPER^STHE'SIS, 7i. |Gr. iStsj, and «4(>er,"i, tlie faculty of sensation.] Ex- cessive sensibility. HYPEKBAT'IC, a. Pertaining to the figure hi/perbaton; transposed; inverted. HYPERBOLIC, «. [add.] Hyperbolic conoid, a conoid formed by the revo- lution of a hyperbola about its minor axis. HYPERBOL'ICAL, a. [add.] Mon- strous in the utmost degree. (Jut, Av/Jirri'j/icd/ tifiiil ! Shttlr. HYPER-CIILO RICACID,7!. Anacid ICE ICE ICE-SAW containing a greater proportion of oxj- gen tlian the chloric acid. HYPEReRIT'ICALLy, adv. In a hy- percritical manner. IIY'PEKDULY, n. Same as Htpeb- DITLH. „ HYPER'ICTJM, n. [add.] Hypertcum perforatum, or St. John's nort, contains a powerful volatile oil, which is aro- matic and astringent. When boiled with alum, it yields a yellow dye, which is used for colouring wool. HYPER'ION, «. A name of Apollo, the god of day, who was distinguished for his beauty. So fxcdlent a king; that was to 'Ins, Eiipermi to a satyr. S/iat fPronoiinced Hvperi'on in the classics.^ HYPEROR THODOXY,ii.Orthodoxy indulsed to excess. IIYPEROS'TOSIS, n. [Gr. iri., and .rrwr, a bone.] An excessive growth of bone. HY'FERSTHENE ROCK, n. A com- pound of hvpersthene and feldspar. HYPERTROPHIC, a. Same as Hv- PERTBOPHICAL. HYP NUM, H. instead of HYPXEM. HYPOCHLO ROUS ACID, n. A bleaching compound of chlorine and oxvgen. HYPOCHONDRIACALLY, adv. In a depressed or melancholy manner. HYPOCHON'DRIUM, «. The upper lateral region of the abdomen, under the cartilages of the false ribs. HYPOGAS'TRIU.M, n. [Gr. iio, and yi^rr;, the belly.] The lower anterior region of the abdomen. HYPO(5E OCS, a. See Htpog^ocs. HY'POGLOSSIS, II. Same as Htpo- GI.OTTIS. HYPOS TASIS, n. [add.] In med., a sediment, as that of the urine. HYPOSTATIZE, v. t. To attribute proper personal existence to. HYPOTHE'CIDM, n. [Gr. irt, and ^r.Kf: a hollow case.] In but., the sub- stance which surrounds or overlies the perithecium of lichens, as in Cladonia. HY'POTHEN'AR. n. [Gr. «-», and 3!.«;. the palm of the hand.] One of the muscles contracting the thumb. HYPOTU'ENUSE.n.SccHrpoTEXUSE. HYPOTHESIZE, v i. To form hypo- theses. [Bare. | HYPOTHETICAL, a. [add] Imagi- nary ; uncertain ; merely conjectured. IIYPOZO'IC, a. [Gr. Ct^, and ^».«., an animal.] The Uypozoic stistem, in i. The porcupine, a genus of rodent animals. [See Pokcupine.] IAMB, n. Same as Iambic, or Iambus. LAM BICALLY, adv. In the manner of an iambic. lANTHI'NA, II. A genus of oceanic shelled moUusca. with a thin violet- coloured shell. There are six known species found in the open sea in the warmer parts of the world. The foot of the animal has .t float composed of numerous cartilaginous air-vesicles, which serves as a raft, and as a place of attachment for the eggs. IASP,t ». [Fr- iaspe."\ Jasper. [Spen- ser.] lATRie, \a. [Gr. ..;;,«:..-.] Ke- I.ATRICAL, ( lating to medicine or physicians. lATROLlPTIF, a. [Gr. mT{«, a phy- sician, and «Aiiji., to anoint.] Curing by ointments and frictions. The iatro- lipiic method, in med., consists in the application of medicines to the skin, aided by friction. It is also »ermed the epidermic method. lAV'ELS.t 1. pi'ir. Wandering, dirty fellows. [Siienser. \ I'BEX, II. [add.] The ibex of the Alps, Pyrenees, Appenines, &c., is the Ibex capra, and the Caucasian species is the /. aija'jrus, which is considerably larger than the common goat. IB ID. A contraction of ibidem. IC. In chem.. a particle used as a ter- mination of the names of those acids which contain in combination the high- est known quantity of the acidifying principle. It is used also when there is only one known combination of the elements of an acid ; as, carbonic acid. ICE, n. [add.] The following terms are applied by whalers to the ditferent kinds of polar ice -.—An iceberg or icf- mountain, is a large isolated peak of floating ice. — A glacier is a mass of ice occupying a ravine or valley, generally opening towards the sea. — A field is a sheet of ice so extensive that its limits cannot be seen from a ship's mast-head. — A floe is a smaller tield, of which the extent can be seen from a ship's mast- head, but is generally more than half- a-mile or a mile in diameter. — Dri.ft- ice consists of pieces of ice less than floes, and of various shapes and sizes. — Scofice-ice is ice composed of broken floes, often only a hundred or a few- hundred feet in diameter. — Srash-ice consists of pieces smaller than drift-ice, or of fragments broken of by attrition ; or it is the w reck of other kinds of ice. — Bay-ice is newly-formed extensive sheets of ice on the sea, up to a foot thick. — Pancaheice is the same, but in smaller pieces with raised edges. — Sludge is a stratum of detached ice- crystals or of snow, or of smaller frag- ments of brash-ice floating on the sea, and is generally the rudiments of ice on an agitated sea. — A hunwioch is a protuberance often thirty feet high, above the common level of the ice, and is raised by the pressure or crushing of pieces of ice on each other. To hum- mocks, ice chiefly owes its fanciful shapes and picturesqueness. — A calf Is a portion of ice depressed by the same means as a hummock is raised. — A tongue is a point of ice projecting nearly horizontally under water, from a mass of ice. — A pack is a body of separate 210 pieces of drift-ice of nndiscernible ex- tent, the pieces touching each other or not touching.— ^1 patch is a circular or polygonal collection of drift or bay ice. A stream is an oldong collection of continuous pieces of drift or bay ice. — Open or sailing ice consists of pieces of ice so separate that a ship can con- veniently sail among them. — Light ice is ice from a foot to a yard thick. — Heavy ice is ice more tlian a yard thick. — Land-ice consists of drift-ice attach- ed to the shore, or recently so, being covered with mud and gravel ; or it is flat ice resting on the land.— .4 bight is a bay in the ice— .4 lane or vein is a narrow channel of water in large col- lections of ice, such as packs. [Capt. Scoresb'/^s Arctic Bcgiotts.] ICE'-ANCHOR, n. An anchor with one arm, used for secnring whalers to floes of ice. ICE'-BEAMS, 71. Planks applied to strengthen the stem and bows of ships intended for the whale-fishery, to enable them to withstand the concussion and pressure of ice. ICE'-BOA.T, II. [add.] A boat for sail- ing on the surface of ice, much used in Holland. ICE'-CAP, H. A bladder containing pounded ice, applied to the head in cases of inflammation of the brain. ICE-FIELD, II. See Ice in this StipP- ICEFLOE, II. See Ice in this Supp. iCE'-MOUNTAlN,) n. Same as IcE- ICE'-HILL, i berg. ICE'-SAW, II. A large saw, used for cutting through the ice, to relieve ships w hen frozen up. ICTOKIA IDLE-WHEEL ILIO Rhyssa pt rsuiL^otio, one of the ichiieunigiiB. ICE'-TONGS, n. Large iron nippers for handling ice. ICH.t [pron. (ech.) [Ger.] L [Chau- ICHE.t ) cer.] I€H,t t'. (. To eUe. ICHNEUMONIDiE, n. Ichneumon- flies, a family of hymenopterous insects, the ge- nera and species of whicli are very numerous. Some of them have a very long ovipositor, which is used to insert the eggs into the bodies of those caterpillars which live be- neath the bark, or in the cre- vices of wood ; others, which have the ovi- positor short, place their eggs In or upon the bodies of cater- pillars of easier access. leilNOCARP' US, n. A genus of idants, nat. order Apocynaceic. The species are climb- ing shrubs with opposite leaves, and flowers in branched terminal panicles. /. frutescens is a native of Ceylon and Nepaul. It is sometimes used in India as a substitute for sarsaparilla. In this country it is cultivated as an ornamental stove-plant, and is of easy managment. l€HNOG'l{APHY,n. [add.] This term is sometimes used to designate a de- scription of ancient works of art, as statuary, paintings, &c. ICH'NOLITE, H. [Gr. ,x.»s, a foot- mark, and Xifot, a stone.] A stone re- taining the impression of a footmark of a fossil animal. ICHNOL'OOY, n. [Gr. ,x'«,and ?..,.«, discourse.] In geol., a treatise relatijig to the footsteps or footmarks impressed by animals on the surface of strata; as, the footsteps of ancient animals, probably tortoises, on the new red sandstone near Dumfries. [See Ok- NITHICNlTliS.] ICHTHYODOR'ULITE, instead of I€HTHYDO KULITE. I€H'T11Y0ID, a. [Gr. a*-.', a fish, and £j3flf, resemblance.] A term ap- plied to saurians having many of the characters of a fish. I€HTHYOiM ANCY, or IGH'THY- OMANCY, n. IC'ICA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Burseracere. The species are shrubs or trees, natives of South America, at- taining a height of above thirty feet. All of them yield a transparent fluid re- sembling turpentine in many of its pro- perties, and sometimes named from tlie plant, idea. rCING, p/)r. [add.] Covering with ice. I'CING, n. A covering of concreted sugar. ICONTCALit a. Relating to, or con- sisting of figures or pictures. IC'TEKUS, n. A genus of birds, tlie species of which are for the most part yellow. ICTERUS, n. [L.] The j.aundice. ICTOR'IA, 71. A genus of birds belong- ing to the family Merulidfe. I. viridis, chattering fly-catcher, abounds in most parts of North America during the summer-months. It has the faculty of mimicking almost any noise that it ChattLTin^ Plj-catcher, f.-tori-. inruiU. hears, which it will repeat during the whole night if the weather lie fine. ICTUS SO LIS,)!. [L.] Coup-de-so!eil ; sun-stroke. [See Coup-de-Soleil.] IDE. In chem., a termination of the names of certain compounds wliich are not acid, as oxides, chlorides, bromides, &c. IDE'AL, «. An imaginary model of perfection, considering ideas as images or forms in the mind; as, the ideid of beauty, the ideal of virtue, &c. \See Beau-ideal under Ideal, a.] IDEAL'ITY, n. [add.] The quality of being ideal. IDEALIZATION, n. The act of form- ing in idea. IDE'ALIZER, H. One who idealizes ; an idealist. IDEL.ta. Idle. [Chaucer.] IDENTIFIABLE, a. That may be identified. IDEN'TIFY, V. t. [add.] To represent as the same. IDEOGRAPHIC, ) „. Eepresent- IDEOGRAPHI€AL,j ing ideas in- dependently of sounds. IDEOGRAPH'ICALLY, adv. In an ideographic manner. IDEOGRAPH'ICS, n. A method of. writing in ideographic characters. [See Idcogkai'iiic] IDEOGRAPHY, n. A system or trea- tise of short-hand writing. IDIOPATHETIC, a. Relating to idio- pathy ; idiopathic. IDIOPATH'IGAL, a. Same .as Idio- pathic. ipiOSYNCRAT'IC, a. Relating to idiosyncrasy; of peculiar temper or dis- position. IDIOT ICALLY, ado. After the man- ner of an idiot. I'DLER, u. [add. J Among seamen, the term idler is applied to persons in a ship who do not keep any watch, but work during the day. i'DLESSE,t "■ [Sax. aydliije.] Idleness. [Spenser.] I'DLE-WHEEL, v. In mech.,a. carrier- wheel ; a wheel (c) placed between two others (a and b) for the purpose simply of transfen'ing the motion from one a.\is to the other without change of direction. If a and B were in con- tact, they would revolve in opposite 211 directions; but in consequence of the intermediate axis of c, they revolve in the same direction, and without any change of the velocity-ratio of the pair. I'DOL, n. [add.] Iduls, a fanciful term employed by Lord Bacon to denote those false notions of the mind which are the general sources of those errors that men are apt to fall into in forming their ideas of things. These idols or false notions he divides into four classes, viz.: — (I. )/(/o/fo/(Aefri()e. those general prejudices which arise from the in- firmity of human nature itself, and are common to the whole Iribe or race of marddnd. (2.) Idols of the den or cave, those prejudices which stamp upon each mind its own peculiar character, and are identified with every individual man. (3.) Idols of the niarhet place, those pre- judices which arise from the incorrect use of words in our common intercourse with mankind, and which proceed, in short, from the imperfection of lan- guage itself. (4.) Idols of the theatre, those prejudices and perversions of the mind wliich arise from superstitious, fabulous, false, and visionary systems of philosophy. IDOL'ASTRE.t »■ [Fr.] An idolater. [Chaucer.] IDOL-SHELL, n. The shells of the ge- nus Ampullaria are popuKirly so called. I;D0L-W0USHIP, ». The worship of idols or images. lES'SES.f n. plur. Jesses. [See Jess.] [Spenser. ] IGNA'RO, «. [It.] A term formerly \ used for blockhead. IGNICOLIST, n. [L. ignis, fire, and Colo, to worship.] A worshipper of fire. IGNOBLE,! " t- To make vile or ig- noble; to disgrace; to bring into dis- repute. [Bacon.] IG'NOMY, n. An abbreviation of igito- miny. [Shah.] IG'NORANCE.t n. An ignorant per- son ; an ignorannis. [Shah.] IGNORANT'INS, n. [Fr.] An order of lay brothers devoted to the elementary instruction of the poor. Sometimes called Brothers of Charity. IGREN'SINE, 71. That portion of vola- tile oils which is odoriferous. It is otherwise called elaiodon. IGUAN'IDyE, n. A family of saurian reptiles, including some of the largest of the tribe, both recent and fossil. [See Iguanodon.] lK,pron. [Sa.\.] I. [Chaucer] IL'EUS, 71. [add.] The iliac passion.— Also, costiveness, with twisting about the umbilical region. IL'IA, 71. ;i/«7-. [From L. He or i77'«77i.] The small intestines; also, that part of the abdomen in which they are situated. ILTAC, fl. [add.] Iliac reriion, the s\t\e of the abdomen between the ribs and the hips. — Iliac arteries, the arteries formed by the bifurcation of the aorta, near the last lumbar vertebra. They divide into the external iliac, and inter- nal or hypogastric arteries. ILFAGAL, a. Same as Ieiac. ILI'A€UM.OS, n. [L.] Another name for the os-innominatum. [See In.vo- minatuu.] I'LICINE, 77. A non-azotized vegetable compound olitained from Ilex aqulfn- Hum. It forms brownish-yellow crys- tals, very bitter and febrifuge. IL'IO. [L. iV/77777, from ilia, the small intestines.] A prefix used in an-itomi- cal terms to denote parts connected w ith the ilium, or ileum; as, ilio-lunibar, ilio sacral, tjcc. ILLIQUATION IMBECILE IMPENNES IL'IUM, n. [L.] The last portion of tlie small intestines. — IHum-oi:, the haunuli- bone. ILK'A, «. Each ; every- [■S'co^7i.] ILIv'ADAYS, n. Every days; lawful or week days. [^coft'A.] IL'KE, a. [Sax.] Same. [Chaucer.] ILL, a. Bad; difficult; evil; grieved; sorrowful. [Scotch.] ILL, n. [add.] To be ill at doimi a thinri, is to do it with ditiiculty ; to do it awk- wardly or unskilfiillv. ILL-AFFE€'TED,t a. Affected with bad impressions. [5pe/wer.l ILLANOON', n. Pirates, natives of the island of ^lindanao. ILLAPS'.-VBLE, a. That mav illapse. ILLAPSE', 11. 1. [From L. illabor.] To fall, iiass, or glide into. ILL-ARRANG ED, a. Not well ar- ranged. ILL-ASSORTED,a. Not well assorted. ILL'-BESTED,t a. [See Bestead.] In bad phght. [S/)e;wer.] ILL-eONCERT'ED, la. Not well ILL-eONTRIV'ED, ( concerted or contrived. ILL-CONDUCTED, a. Badly con- ducted. ILL-CONSIDERED, a. Not weU con- sidered. ILL-DEFiN'ED, a. Not well deBned. ILL-DESERVED, a. Not well de- ILL-DEVIS'ED, a. Not well devised. ILL-DIRECTED, a. Not well directed. ILL-DISPOS'ED, a. Not well disposed. IL'LECK, n. The local name of a fish, the gemmeous dragonet [CalHontjmus lijra). ILLE GAL, a. [add.] Illegal contract, in law, an agreement to do any act for- bidden by the law, or to omit to do any act enjoined by the law. Of this kind are contracts which violate the common law, contracts void on account of im- morality, contracts in violation of pub- lic policy, &c. — Illegal conditions, all those conditions that are impossible op contrary to law, immoral, or repiignant to the nature of the transaction. ILLEGITIMATE, a. [add] Irregular; not formed according to just rules, op upon good grounds ; as, an illeijitimale construction. [SAaA.j ILLE6IT'IMATIZE, v. t. To render illegitimate ; to illegitimate. ILL-EQUIPPED,a. Not well equipped. ILL-ERECTED, a Erected for evil. [Shah.] ILL'-FAR'D, ^ a. Evil-favoured; ugly; ILL'-FAURD, ) unseemly ; unbecom- ing ; mean ; discreditable ; disgraceful. [Scutch.] ILL-FIT'TED, a. Not well fitted. ILL-FORMED, a. Not well formed. ILL-FRAMED, a. Badly framed. ILL-FUR'NISHED, a. Not weU fur- nished. ILL-HABITED, a. Not well habited. ILLIBERALISM, n. llliheralitv. ILLIB'ERALiZE, ii. t. To make illi- beral. [American.] ILLlBERALlZED.jjp. Made illiberal. ILLIB ERALIZING, vpr. Making il- liberal. ILLIB ERALNESS, n. Illiberality. ILL-IMAOINED, a. Not well ima- gined. ILLIM'ITABLENESS, n. Boundless- ILL-INFORM ED, a. Not well in- formed. ILL-INHABITED, a. Ill-lodged. [Shah.] ILLIQUA'TION, n. [From L. in, and liquo, to melt or dissolve.] The melting " of one thing into another. ILLI'SION, n. [L. illido, to dash or beat against.] The act of striking into or Against. ILLITERATELY, adv. In an iUite- rate manner. ILL-JUD6'ED, a. Not well judged. ILL'-LUCK, «. Misfortune; bad luck. ILL'-SET, a. Evil-disposed ; spiteful ; ill-natured. [Scotch.] ILL-SORTED, a. Ill-arranged; ill- suited ; ill-managed. [Scotch.] ILL-SUPPRESSED, a. Not fully sup- pressed. ILL-TEMPERED, a. Of bad temper ; morose ; crabbed ; sour ; peevish ; fret- ful. ILL-TIME, V. t. To do or attempt at an unsuitable time. ILL'-TURN, n. An offensive or unkind action or deed. — 2. A short illness ; a period of ill health. | Colloquial.] ILLU'MINABLE, a. That may be il- luminated. ILLU'MINART, a. Relating to illumi- nation. ILLUMIN.VTIjM. p?uc.Sf elLLUMiNEE. ILLUMINEE', )7i. plur. [add.] The ILLUMINATI, ( name of a secret society formed in 1776, chiefly under the direction of Adam Weishaupt, pro- fessor of law at Ingolstadt, in Bavaria. Its professed object was the attainment of a higher degree of virtue and mo- rality than that reached in the ordinary intercourse of society. It numbered among its members individuals of dis- tinguished talents and high rank, but it was suppressed by the Bavarian go- vernment in 1784. ILLU'MINER, n. An illuminator. ILLUS'TKATE, v. t. [add.] To explain and adorn by means of pictures, draw- ings, &c. ILLUSTRATE,! a. Famous; re- nowned; illustrious. [5AaA.] ILLUSTRATED, pp. or a. [add] E.\- plained or elucidated by means of drawings, engravings, &c. ILLUSTRATING, ppr. [add.] Ex- plaining or elucidating by means of pictures, &c. ILLUSTRA'TION, n. [add.] An en- graving or picture designed to illustrate. ILLUS'TRATION.t n. [add.] lllustri- ousuess. ILLUS TRIOUS, a. [add.] Notable. ILL-WISHER, H. One who wishes evil ; an enemy. IM'AGE, n. [add.] Aerial images. [See the term in its alphabetical place in this iS'«/);>.] IMAGE, >'. t. [add.] To be likt ; to re- semble ; as, he imaged his brother. [Pope.] IMAG'lNABLENESS.n. State of being imaginable. IMAG'INATIF,t a. [Fr.] Suspicious. [Chaucer.] IMAG'INE, i>. !. [add.] To suppose; to fancy. IJIAM', J n. [add.] A minister or IMAUM', > priest who performs the IMAN', ) regular service of the mosque among the Mahometans. — 2. In Southei-n Arabia, a governor or chief man of a province; one who unites in his person supreme spiritual and tem- poral powxr; as, the Imam of Muscat. IMBAS'ING OF MONEY, n. The mixing of the specie with some other metal, so as to reduce it below the ster- ling value. IMBEAD', V. t. To fasten with a bead. IMBECILE, or IMBECILE', a. IM'BECILE, ) n. One destitute of IMBECILE', J strength either ofbody or mind ; one that is impotent. IMBODIMENT, n. Theact of imbody- ing or embodying. IMBOIL',t V. i. To effervesce; to rage. IMBOSK',t 1'. i. To lie concealed. IMBROGLIO, n. (imbrol'-yeo.) [add] A plot of a romance or drama, when much peri)lexed or complicated. IMBRU'MENT, n. The act of imbruing. IMBRUTE'INLENT, n. Act of making brutish. [Rar. its.] IM ITABLENESS, n. State of being imifable. IMlTA'TIONAL.a. Relating to imita- tion ; resembling. IM'lTATIVENESS,n. Quality of being imitative. IMMAC ULATE,a. [add.] Immaculate conception. The doctrine of the im- maculate conception, as held in the Roman Catholic church, is the doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived and born without original sin. IM M.\NENCE, H. Internal dwelling; inherence. IMiMATE RIALIZE, t: t. To make incorporeal. IMME'DIATISJl, n. Quality of being immediate. IMMER'SIBLE, a. That cannot be merged ; that may be immersed. IMMERSIONIST, n. One who ad- heres to immersion in baptism. IMMETH'ODIZE, v. t. To render im- methodical. IMMORAL CONTRACTS,;!. In ?aH', all such contracts as ai'e contra bonos mores, or contrary to good morals. Such contracts are void. I.MMOR TAL, n. One who is exempt from death. IMP, n. [add.] Any little animal in con- tempt or abhorrence. IMPACT, n. [add.] The impact of two solid bodies is said to be central, when the directions of the centres of gravity of the two bodies are in a straight line ; and when this is not the case, the im- pact is said to be eccentric. The im- pact is said to be direct or perpendicu- lar, when the direction of the moving body is at right angles to the side of tlie body impinged on ; and when this is not the case, it is said to be oblique. IMPART', i\ i. In law, to hold a con- ference. IiMPART'ER, n. One that imparts. IMPAR'TIAL, a. [add.] Very partial. [Shalt.] IMPAR'TIALNESS, n. Impartialitv. IMPAS'SIONABLE, a. EasUy excited to anger ; susceptible of strong emotion. IMPAWN', ti. (. [add.] To engage. [Shak.] IMPE,f a. See Imp. [Spenser.] IMPEACH', n. [add.] Impeachment. [Shah.] IMPEACHMENT OF WASTE. In law, a restraint from committing of waste upon lands or tenements, or a demand of recompense for waste done by a tenant, who has but a particular estate in the land granted. IMPEC'CANT, a. Unerring; sinless. IMP'ED,t PP- [See Imp.] Planted. [Chaucer.] IMPENETRATED, a. Not pene- trated ; unexplored. IMPEN NATE, a. Having no feathers or wings; having very shoit wings. IMPEN NES, n. [L. in, and peniia.] A term applied to swimming-birds, as penguins, cliaracterized by short wings covered witli feathers resembling scales. IMPOSINGLY IN INCESSANTNESS IMPERA'TOR, n. [L.] A title of hon- our conferred on Roman j^enerals after a great victory; a comniander-in-cliier; a «:eneral ; a king or emperor. IiMPERCEPTIBlL'lTV, n. Same as Imperceptibleness. IMPERCEP'TION, n. Want of percep- tion. IMPERCEP'TIVE, «. Not able to per- IMPE'RIAL, «. [add.] A tuft of hair on a man's lower lip. 1M{»E'RIALTY, n. Imperial power. IMPER'ISHABLY, ado. So as not to be liable to decay. IMPER'MANENCY. n. Same as Im- PERMANENCE. IiMPERSEV'ERANT, a. Most perse- verant; strongly persevering. [Shah.] IMPER'SONAL, ». In gram., that w hich wants personality ; an impersonal verb. IMPERSONATE, v. t. [add.] To in- vest with personality, or the bodily substance of a living being. — 2. To ascribe the qualities of a person. IMPERSONA TION, n. [add.] Em- bodiment or state of being invested witli personalitv. IMPERSIIA'DIBLE, a. That cannot be persuaded ; impersuasible. IMPERSUA'DIBLENESS, n. Quality of being imjiersuadible. IMPERTINENT, a. [add.] Pertinent. [Shah.] IMPERTURBABILITY, ». Quality of being imperturbable. IMPES,t H. phir. [See Imp.] Shoots of trees; children. [Chaucer, Spenser.] IMPEST',t V. t. To fill with pestilence ; to infest. IMPETKi'INES, n. 2?lur. [L. See Im- petigo. 1 Cutaneous diseases. IM'PETREN,t pres. tense plur. of Im~ %H'tre. [Fr.j Obtained by prayer. [Cltaucer.] IMPIN(>ENT, a. Falling against or upon. IMPIT'IOUS, a. Unpitying. [Shah.] IMPLrABLE,a. Not pliable; unyield- ing. IMPLICIT, a. [add.] Not analyzed; not particularly observed, examined, or developed ; opposed to explicit. [Loche, Addison.] IMPLICIT FUNCTION, H. In mathe- matics. [See Function.] IMPLlE',t V. t. [See Imply.] To wrap up. [Spenser.] IM'PLORATOR, n. One who implores or entreats. [Shah.] IMPLY', I'. (. [add.] To mean; to sig- nify ; as, this is what the words strictly impl!/. lMPLYES',f third pers. sing, of Imply. Envelopes; entangles. [Spenser.] IMPOrSONMENT, n. Act of poison- ing ; state of being poisoned. IMPO'LAUILY,t ado. Not in the direc- tion of the poles. IMPORTANT, fl. [add.] Stately; so- lemn; affectedly grave; as, an import- ant strut. [Gay.] IMPOR'TUNE,t V. t. To solicit ear- nestly. [Spenser.] IMPOR'TUNE,t a. Cruel; savage.— Imitoriune fate, cruel fate. [Spenser.] lMPOSE',ii.(.[adJ.]Tolayorplaceonor over, literally and materially ; as, it was here that Xerxes imposed a stupendous bridge of boats, [Gibbon.] — To sub- ject by way of punishment. impose me to wliat peuaiice yiur invention Call lay upon my sm. Shak. IMPOS'INGLY, adv. In an imposing manner. IMPOS'INGNESS, n. Quality of being imjjusing. IMPOS'SIBLY, adv. Not possibly. IMPOS'THUMATE,a.{impo8'tumate.) Corrupted ; morbid. IM'POTENCE.) n. [add.] In law, an IM'POTENCY,} inability of genera- tion, or of propagating the species; a ground of divorce, a vinculo matrimonii, as being merely void, and therefore re- quiring only a sentence declaratory of its being so. IM POTENT, a. [add.] Without power of sexual intercourse. — Ungovernable; violent. [Spenser.] IMPOUND'A6E, n. The act of im- pounding cattle. IMPOUND ING,p;5r. [add.] Impound- ing cattle, &c., in law, placing cattle, &c., after they have been distrained upon, in a safe place of custody. IMPRACTICABIL'ITY, n. [add.] Im- perviousness ; insurmountable ditti- culty ; as, the regular army could not pursue them from the impracticability of the country. IMPREG'NANT, a. Not pregnant. [Rare.] IMPRESGRIP'TABLE RIGHTS, n. In law, such rights as a person may use or not at pleasure, as they cannot be lost to him by the claims of another founded on prescription. IMPKESCRIP'TIBLY, ado. In an imprescriptible manner. IMPRESSIONABLE, a. Susceptible of impression ; that can be impressed. IMPREST-MONEY, n. Money paid on enlisting soldiers. IMPROFI'CIENCE, n. Same as Im- PttOFICIENCY. IMPROP'ER, a. [add] Improper feuds, in law, derivative feuds; as, for in- stance, such as were originally bartered and sold to the feudatory for a price, or were held upon base or less hon- ourable services. IMPROVER V. t. [add.] To increase or augment simply; as, to improve the keenness of the nortliern blast. [Pope.] — To censure ; to impeach ; to blame ; to reprove. [TyndalL] IMPUUV'INGLY, ado. In an improv- ing manner. IMPROV ISATE, V. t. and i. To com- pose and sing extemporaneously; to improvise. IMPROVISATOR, n. One who com- poses and sings extemporaneously; an iniprovisatore. IMPROVISATORY, a. Relating to extemporary composition of rhymes or poems. IMPROVISE, V. t and i. To impro- visate : to speak extenipoi'e. IMPUOVVISATRI'CE,) n. (im-prov- IMPROVISATRICE, § e-sa-tre - chjl.) A woman who makes rhymes or short poems extemporaneously. IMPUG'NABLE, a. That may be impugned. IMPUGNE.t V. t. [See Impugn.] To oppose or resist. [Spenser. \ IMPUGN MENT, n. (impun'ment.) Act of impugning. IM'PULSE, 71. [add.] Pressure, applied to produce motion in a body, may bo considered a continuous impulse, and jiercussion, an instantaneous impulse. IMPULSE', V. t. To instigate; to im- pel ; to actuate. [Pope.] IMPUNCTUAL'ITY, n. Want or ne- glect of punctuality. i IMPCNIBLY, a(/(?. Without punish- I ment. I lN,2>rep. [add.] In for into. [Shah.]— 213 In for during. [Shah.]— In great mea- sure, abundantly. [Skah.] — In lieu of in consideration of; in exchange for. [Shah.] — To speah in point, to speak with exactness. [Shah.\—In use, lent on interest, as money. [Shah.] — To be in oneV boohs, to be in one's favour. [ColloQ.]—In for if, committed; en- gaged in a thing from which there is no retreating. [Colloq.] IN,t V. t. To take in ; to inclose. [Bacon.] IN, for Inn. \ Spenser.] INADAPTA'TION,n. A state of being not adapted or fitted. INAMORATA, «. [It. innamorata.] A female in love; a mistress. IN-AND-IN, n. Breeding in-and-in. [See Breeding.] INAN'IMATENESS, n. Quality of being inanimate. INAP'ATHY, n. Feeling; sensibility. [Bar. us.] INAPPEAL'ABLE, a. Not to be ap- pealed from. INAP'PHCABLENESS, n. State of being inapplicable. INAP'POSITELY, adv. Not perti- nently; not suitably. INAPPREHEN'SION, n. Want of apprehension. INARTICULATE, fl. [add.] In 200/., not jointed or articulated. INARTIFI "CIALNESS, n. State of being inartificial. [Bar. us.] IN ATTENT'IVENESS, n. Want of at- tention; inattention. INAU'GUKATOR, instead of XN- AUGURA'TOR. IN AUTRE DROIT. [Fr.] In laic, in another's right, as where executors or administrators sue for a debt or duty, &c., in right of the testator or intes- tate. IN'CA, n. A genus of lamellicorn beetles, allied to Trichius, natives of Soutli America, where they take the place of the Goliath-beetles of Africa. INCAL'CULABLENESS, «. Quality of being beyond calculation. INCAPACITATION, n. [add.] Ex- clusion from public trust. INCARNA'TION, n. [add.] Confine- ment in the body ; as, the incarnation of the soul. [Yoimg.] INCAU'TION, n. M'ant of caution; heedlessness. [Pope.] INCAVED, a. Inclosed in a cave. INCAV ERNED, a. Inclosed in a cavern. INCELEB'RITY,H. Want of celebrity. INCEND'IOUSLY, adv. In a manner calculated to promote contention. INCENSED, /. Incom- patibility. INCOMPLETION, n. State of being incomplete or imfinished. INCOMPREHEN'SIVEN'ESS.n. Qua- lity of being incomprehensive. INCONDENSIBIL ITY, «. Quality of being not condensible. INCONDEN SIBLE, a. That cannot be condensed. INCONFOUM'ITY, n. [add.] Incon- gruity ; incompatibility ; discordance. [Bacon.] INCONSEQUEN'TI ALL Y.i/rfi.. With- out regular sequence or deduction. INCONSOL'.ABLENESS, n. State of being inconsolable. I INCON'SONANTLY, ado. Inconsis- I tently; discordantly. INCONSPICUOUSLY, ado. So as not to be perceived. INCONSPIC'UOUSNESS, n. Want of I conspicuousness. INCONSTANCE,t »'. [Fr.] Incon- I stancv. [Chaucer.] INCONTES TABl.ENESS, n. Quality of being incontestable. INCONTROVERTIBIL'ITY, n. State of being incontrovertible. INCONVERT IBLENESS, n. State of being inconvertilile. INCORPO REAL, a. [add.] Incorpo- real hereditament. [See Heredit.\- MENT.] INCORPO'REALISM, n. Immaterial- ity ; spiritual existence or nature. INCORPO REALIST, n. Anadlierent to incorporealism. INCORRUPTLY, ado. Uncorruptly. INCRE AS'ABLENESS, n. The quality of being increasable. INCREASE, or INCREASE', n. INCREASINGLY, ado. In the way of growing; growiiigly. INCREDULOUSLY, ado. With in- credulity. INCROACII'MENT,)'.SeeENCROACii- MENT. INCULC'.A.TOR,7;. He who inculcates. INCUM'BRANCE, n. [add.l A term applied conventionally to cliildren by aspirants to certain offices ; as, a man and Avife without incumbrance, that is, without children, INCUNAB ULA, n.plur. [L a cradle.] In bibliographi/, a term applied to books printed during the early period of the art; generally confined to those which were printed before the year loOO. INCUR'SIVE, a. Hostile; making an attack or incursion ; aggres.sive. IN'CUS, n. [L. an anvil.] The largest bone of the tympanum of the ear, thus named from its fancied resemblance to an anvil. With this bone the malleus is articulated. IN'DE.t a. [Ft.] Indigo - coloured ; azure- coloured. [Chaucer.] INDECLIN'ABLE, n. In gram., a word that is not declined. INDECO'ROUSLY, cr INDEC O- ROUSLY. INDECO ROUSNESS, or INDEC'O- ROUSNESS. INDEFINITE, «. [add.] Indcjiuile term, in logic, a privative or negative term, in respect of its not defining or marking out an object, as a d^nite term dues. Tlius, unorganized lieing is an indefinite term, while organized be- ing is definite. INDEFINITE INFLORESCENCE, n. In bot. [See Centripetal Isflo- RESCENCE in this Snpp.] INDELECTABLE, a. Unpleasant ; unamiable. INDEL'IBLENESS,n. Quality of being indelible. •211 INDEMON'STKABLENESS, n. State of being indemonstrable. INDENIZA TION, n. The act of na- turalizing ; or the patent by which one is made free. INDENIZEN, r. t. To invest with the privileges of a free citizen. INDEN'IZENED, pp. Made free. INDEN'IZENING, pvr. Making free. INDENT'EDLY", adv. With indenta- tions. INDEW,t v.t.ori. [.See Isdoe.] To put on ; to be clothed with. [.S/>enjei' ] IN'DEX, n. [add.] In math., this word takes tlie plural Indices. IN'DEX, V. i. To provide with an index or table of references ; to reduce to an index; as, to index a book. INDEXED, pp. Furnished with, or reduced to an index. IN'DEXER, n. One who makes an in- dex. IN'DEX-H.\ND, n. \ hand that points to something. IN'DEXING, pirr. Furnishing with an index or table of references. IN DEX PROHIBITORY, n. [L. in- dex librorum prchibitorum.] In Roman Catholic countries, a list or catalogue of books absolutely prohibited. IN'DIAM AN, n. A large ship employed in the India trade. IN DIAN BERRY, n. The Cocculus in- dicus, — which see. INDIANEER', n. An Indiaman INDIAN HEN, n. A species of bittern found in North America is so called {Botnurus minor). INDIAN INK, H. [add.] This ink is used also for the lines and shadows of drawings. IN'DIAN MEAL, n. Meal made from Indian corn {Zea mai/s). IN'DIAN OAK, ;;. The tealttree (Tcc- tona grandis). [See Tectosa.] IN'DIAN TOBACCO,;!. A plant, the Lobelia injiata. [See Lobelia.] IN'DIAN TURNIP, n. An Americ.in plant, the Arum triphj/llum, with a head of red tlowers growing on a stem, a root resembling a small turnip, and having a very acrid juice. IN'DIAN WHEAT,!!. Same as Indian Corn. IN'DIAN YELLOW, n. A pigment of a bright yellow colour, but not perma- nent, ranch used in water-painting. It is imported from Indi.n, and is composed of the phosphate of urea and lime. IN'DIA-RUBBER, n. [add.] India- rubber tree of Bengal, the Ficits elastica, which yields a large portion of the caoutchouc exported from Bengal. [See Caoutchouc in this Su/'p.] INDICANT, n. In med., that which points out a remedv. INDICATIVE, n. In gram., the indi- cative mocd. [See the Adjective.] IN'DICATOR,!!. Honey-guides, agenus of African birds, so named from their curious habit of guiding the natives to the nests of the wild bees. They are closelv allied to the cuckoos. INDICATOR, n. [add.) In mech., the name applied especially to an instrument for ascertaining the pressure of tlie steam in tlie cylinder, in contradistinc- tion to the steam-gauge, whicli sliows the pressure of the steam in the boiler of the engine. Tlie name is also ap- plied to an instrument for co-ordinating the motions of the piston and valve, called the valve-indicator. INDI "CIA, n. plur. [L. indidum.] Dis- criminating marks. INDICT iMENT, n. [add.] An i«ra, the signs of inequality are ^ and <^ ; the first signifying greater than, and the second less than; the opening in each being turned towards the greater quantity, and the anaular point toward the less. Thus, a "^ b signifies that a is greater than b ; and a <^ b, that a is less than b. Also, such an expres- sion as 6f ]> 6, or G <^ fc, constitutes an inequality. INER'MIS, a. [L.] Unarmed. [See Inermoiis.] INER'TIA, n. [add.] In ohstttrics, a term applied to the condition of the uterus, when it does not contract pro- perly after parturition. INEX'ECRABLE, a. Most execrable. [Shak.} INEXHAUSTIBILITY, n. Inexhaust- ibleness. INEXPE'DIENTLY, adv. Not expe- diently; unfitly. INEX'Pl ABLENESS, n. State of being inexpiable. [Rar. jis.] INEXPRESSIVE, n. [add.] Wanting e.'ipression, as a painting; ineffable; not perceptible; not exposed to the senses. [Akcnside.'] IN EXTEN'SO. [L.] Fully; at full length ; with full extent. IN EXTRE'MIS. [L.] In the last mo- ments. [A law term.] INFAM'ONIZE, r. t. To brand with infamy; to defame. [Shah.] IN'FA.MY, n. [add.] By (i and 7 Vict., c. 85, it is enacted that no man shall be excluded from giving evidence though he may have been convicted of any crime. IN'FAMY,t n. [L. infamia.] Slander. [Spenser.] INFAN'TICiDAL, o. Relating to in- fanticide. INFANTICIDE, n. [add.] The de- struction of a child, either newly born or in tlie course of parturition. The felonious destruction of the foetus in the womb is more properly termed fffiicide. IN'FANT-SCHOOLS, n. Schools for the instruction and training of young children. INFECT', l'.^ [add.] Totinge.[i?r^/rfen.] IN'FELT, a. Felt within or deeply. INFEODA'TION, n. In law, the act of putting one in possession of a fee or estate.— /H/cor/«/ioH of tithes, the grant- ing of tithes to mere laymen. INFEOF'MENTjH.iSee Enfeoffment. : INFERD',t/j;'. [Ij.infero. 5fe Infer.] I Brought in ; induced ; conveyed. [Spenser.] INFEREN'TIALLY, adv. By way of inference. INFE'UITE, n. phir. [L.] Sacrifices offered by the ancients to the souls of departed heroes or friends. INFERIBLE, a. That may be inferred or deduced from premises INFERIOR VALVE, w, In vonchol, that valve of an adherent bivalve by which it is united to other substances. INFERNAL MACHINE, n. A name given to explosive machines or appa- ratus contrived for the purposes of as- sassination. The most memorable was that formed to destroy Napoleon, and exploded Dec. 24, 1800; and that con- structed in 18;i5, for the purpose of as- sa.ssinating Louis Philippe and Iiis suite. INFORMATION INGLE INJECTION INFEROBRANCHIASS, n. See Is- FKROBRANCIIIATA. lNFER'KIBLE,a.ThatmaybeinfeiTeJ; deducible from premises. "Written also Inferibte, and Inferable. lNFESl",t a. [L. infestus.^ Cheerless; joyless; deadly. — Mischievous; hurtful. I Spenser.'] IKFEST'ER, n. He or that which in- INfIdEL, ;i. [add.] A disbeliever in general. A name given by Mahometans to Christians. Applied also by the older writers to pagans. INFIL TER. f. (. To filter or sift in. INFILTR.ATION, n. [add.] In med., the diffusion of fluids into the cellular tissue or organs. It may be serous, sa'imtineotis, purulent, or tuberculous. IN'FIMA SPE CLES, n. [L.] In look. the lowest species, or that which is not subdivided except into individuals, or which is not considered as a genus of anything. IN'flNITE, n. Infinitv. [Shah.] INFINITESIMALLY, ailr. By infini- tesimals; in infinitely small quantities. INFINITIVE, n. In gram., a mood of the verb. \See the Adjective.] INFIN ITIAELY, adv. In the manner of an infinitive mood. INFINI'TO, instead of INFINITO. INFIN ITUPLE.t a. Infinite fold; re- peated an infinite number of times. 1NFL.\ME'. V. i. [add.] To take fire. INFLAM MATORY CRUST, n. The buffy coat which appears on the surface of the crassamentum of blood drawn in inflammation, in pregnancy, &c. INFLaT INGLY, adv. In "a manner tending to inflate. INFLECT', f. (. [add.] To modulate, as the voice. INFLECTIONAL, a. Relating to in- flection. INFLEX', V. i. To bend; to curve. INFLORES'CENCE, n. [add.] A flowering; the unfolding of blossoms. IN FLVENCER.n. One who influences. INFLUEN CIVE, a. Having influence; influential. [i?ar. us.] INFORMAL, a, [add.] Irregular; de- ranged in mind. [SAaA.] INFORMATION, n. [add.] In law, an accusation or complaint exhibited against a person fur some misdemean- our, either immediately against the king (queen) or against a private person. It differs from an indictment princi- pally in this, that an indictment is an accusation found by the oath of a grand jury, whereas an information is simply an alieg.ition of the person who ex- hibits it. Informations are of two sorts : those which are partly at the suit of the king, and partly at that of a subject; and secondly, such as are in the name of the king only. Informa- tions of the former sort are usually ex- hibited upon penal statutes, which im- pose a penalty upon the offender upon conviction, one part of which is for the king, and the other part for the in- former. The informations exhibited in the name of the king alone, are also of two kinds; first, those which are truly and properly his own suits, as in the case of misdemeanours which dis- turb the king's government, or inter- fere with the discharge of his kingly ortice; these are filed ex-o^tHcio by the king's attorney-general at his own dis- cretion, w hen they are called er-officiu informations. Secondly, those which are exhibited in the name of the king by some private person or informer, and are filed by the master of the ] crown-olfice. Informations of this lat- ter kind relate to riots, batteries, libels, which disturb the public peace, but do not directly disturb the king's go- vernment. — Informations in the court of chancert/. When it is necessary for the court of chancery to interfere n ith the regulation or management of any charity, the attorney-general, as infor- mant, on the relation of some person, who is called the relator, tiles an infor- mation in the court of chancery for the purpose of bringing the case before the i court. This is simply called an infor- mation, to distinguish it from the other informations above stated, which bear the name of criminal informations. | INFORMED STARS, instead of IN- FOR'MED STARS. INFORMER, n. [add.] A person who lays an information, or prosecutes any person in the king's courts who oft'ends against the law or any penal statute. Such a person is generally called a common informer, because he makes i it his business to lay informations, for the purpose of obtaining his share of the peniilty. [.See Informatios in this Supp.] INFKAC TIBLE, a. That may be I broken. j INFRALAPSA'RIAN, n. [L. infra, below or after, and lapsus, fall.] A | name given to that class of Calvinists who consider the decree of election as contemplating the aposta-sy as past, and the elect as being in a fallen and guilty state. They are opposed to the Sup- ralapsarians. [See Supralapsarian.] INFK.YLAPSA RIANISM, n. The doctrine of the Infralapsarians. INFRAN UIBLENESS, n. State of being infrangible. INFRA-SPINA TUS,n. [L.] A muscle arising from the scapula below the spine, and inserted into the humerus. [See SiPRA-Spi.vATi's.] INFRINGE', V. t. [add ] This verb is frequently followed by on or upon ; as, to infrinqe upon one's rights. INFUNDIB ULIFORM, a. [add] In anat., a term applied to a ligament joining the first vertebra to the occiput. INFUNDIB ULIJM, n. [L. a funnel.] In aruit., a term applied to a little fun- nel-shaped process, attached to the pituitary gland, and to a small cavity of the cochlea. — Also, the three large cavities which constitute by their union the pelvis of the kidney, are termed infitndibula. INFUSION, n. [add.] The act of in- troducing into the veins medicinal sub- stances bv a kind of s^Tinge. INFUSO RIAL, a. Same as Inflsokv. INFU'SORY, n. pi. Iiifusories. A name given to certain microscopic animals, living in water and other liquids; called also Infusoria, — which see. IN'GA, n. A genus of leguminous plants. /. sassa, an Abyssinian species, produces fruit with a sweet pulp, and is a source of gum, said to be the gum- \ sassa of commerce. INGA(5'ED. pp. Pledged. [Shah.] ING'ANS, n. Onions. [5co/cA.] INGEER', r. i. or /. To glean corn, &c. [Sf-^oteh.] I.VGEN ER, n. A contriver or designer. [Shah.] IXGEXERABII.'ITY, n. Quality of being ineenerable. INGENITE, or IN GENITE, a. INGLE, n. [add.l In te-side, or ingle- cheeh, fireside. [6>o/cA.] 21ti INGLE-NOOK, n. Corner bv the fire. [Scotch.] INGLO B.4.TE, a. In the form of a globe or sphere. Appl.ed to nebulous matter, collected into a sphere by the gravitating principle. IN GOT, n. [add.] A mould for casting ingots. [Chaucer.] IN'GOWES.t n.p/. Ingots. [Spenser.] INGRAFT'ER, n. One who ingrafte. IXGRAIN', V. (. instead of IN GRAIN. I add.] To work into the natural tex- ture ; to impregnate the whole matter or substance. INGRAIN', a. instead of INGRAIN. INGRAINED, pp. instead of IN'- GRAINED. [add.] 'Wrought into the natural texture; thoroughly impreg- nated. INGR.ilN ING, ppr. instead of IN'- GRAINING. [add.] Working into the texture; thoroughly impregnating. INGRESS, n. [add.] In /aic, free entry into a place ; a term employed in leases of lands, and in right of way. INGRES'^, n. [L.] An abolished writ of entry into lands and tenements. INGRESSUS.n. [L.] The relief which the heir at full age paid to the head lord, for entering upon the fee, or lands fallen by the death or forfeiture of the tenant, &c. IN'GUEN, n. [L.] The groin. IN'GUINAL.n. [add.] Inguinal glands, glands situated in the groin, which are of two kinds, superficial and deep seated. — Inguinal hernia, bubonocele ; hernia of the groin. — Inguinal ligament, a ligament of the groin, called also Pou- part's ligament. INHAB IT,t)';>- Inhabited. [Chaueer.] INHAB'ITATIVENESS, n. In j>»r«i- ologiJ. a tendency or inclination to select a peculiar dwelling. INH-iRMO NIOVSNESS, n. Want of harmonv ; discord. INHER'IT, r. t. [add.] To possess; as, the world and all it doth inherit ; to inherit a thought of ill concerning some one. [5AaA.]— To put in possession ; to seize ; to cause to entertain — with of. It must be great, ihat cau inherit us So nuirh as o/a thought ot lU in bim Shot. INHER'IT, r. i. [add.] To come into possession, as an heir or successor. INHILDE ,t f. <■ [Sai.] To pour in. [Chaucer.] IN I.\, n. A genus of cetaeea, belonging to the dolphin family, remarkable for the distance at which it is found from the sea, frequenting the remote tribu- taries of the river Amazon, and even some of the elevated lakes of Pern. It has bristly hairs on its snout. IN'I-\L, a. See IsiON in iliis Supp. INIM ICAL, or INl.MICAL. a. INI.MICAL ITY, n. Hostility; un- friendliness. INIM ITABLENESS, n. Quality of being inimitable. [Rar. us.] IN ION, n. [Gr. ..m, the nape of the neck.] In anat., the ridge of the occi- put. Hence the term iniat, appUed by Barclay to that aspect of the head which is toward the inion; the opposite aspect being termed ant-iniat. INIQL1TOUSLY, adv. Unjustly; wickedly. INITIA'LI.V TESTIMONIL instead of INITIA LIA TESTI.MO'NI.\. INJEe'TION,n.r add.] Injection-water, the cold water thrown into the con- denser of a steam-engine to condense the steam. — Injection-pipe, a pipe by which water is injected into the condenser of a steam-engine, to condense the steam. !i INOFFICIOUS TESTAMENT INSCRIPTION INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT INJOINT', I', t. To unite together as joints ; to adjoin. [Skak.] INJUNCTION,;!, [add.] Awrit issuing by the order and under the seal of a court of equity, and is of two kinds, remedial and judicial. The remedial writ is used for many purposes, such as, to restrain parties from proceeding in other courts, from negotiating notes or bills of exchange, to prevent the sailing of a ship, the alienation of a spacific chattel, to prevent waste by felling timber, or pulling down build- ings, the infringement of patents or copyrights, to repress nuisances, and to put an end to vexatious litigations. The remedial writ of injunction is again distinguished as of two kinds, the special and the common injunction. Special injunctions are usually obtained before appearance, upon motion in court, sup- ported by an aifidavit, and accompanied by a certificate of the bill having been filed. The writ called the common injunction only stays proceedings at common-law ; and in the first instance, it only stays execution. The judicial ^vrit of injunction issues after a decree, and is of the nature of an execution to enforce the same. The injunction in the law of England corresponds to the interdict of the law of Scotland. IN'JURE.t n. Injury. [Chaucer.] IN'JURY, n. [add.] In law, some ille- gal act; more commonly, an illegal act done to a man or his propertj', for which he may by legal process get com- pensation. INK'-f'ISH, n. The cuttle-fish. INK'-GLASS, n. A glass vessel for holding ink. INK'ING, ppr. Covering or daubing with ink. INK'ING, n. The act of supplying with ink, or spreading over with ink ; as, the inking of types. — Inking-roUcr, a roller supported on a spindle with handles, used by letterpress-printers to supply the types with ink. — Inhing-table, a table used by letterpress -printers to supply the roller with the requisite quantity of ink, during the process of printing. IN'LAND, n. [add.] In /eMdanaio, de- mesne land; that which was let to tenants being denominated outland. IN LO'eO PAREN'TIS. [L.] In the place of a parent. IN'LT, ado. [add.] Entirely. {SpenserJ] IN ME'DIAS RES. [L.] Into the midst of things. INN, n. [add.] A dwelling. [Shah.'] INNE,t prep. In. [Chaucer.] INNE,t) n. Ahouse; habitation; lodg- IN,t ) ing. [Chaucer, Spenser.] IN'NED,t pp. Lodged. [Chaucer.] IN'NEREST,ta.s«peW. [Sax.] Inmost. [Chaucer.] INNERVA'TION,n.[add.]InpAj/sto;., the properties or functions of the ner- vous system. INNIX'ION,f n. Incumbency ; a rest- ing upon. IN'NOCENT, a. [add.] Ignorant; im- becile ; idiotic. [Obs.J INNOMINA'TA, n. [L. plur. of troio- minatus, nameless.] Innominaia arte- ria, in auat., the branch given off to the right by the arch of the aorta, which subsequently divides into the right carotid, and right subclavian arteries. [See Innomin.\tum.] INNOVA'TIONIST, n. One who fa- vours innovations. INNS OF COURT. See Inn. INOFFI"CIOUS TESTAMENT.n.In I. — Supp. late, a will contrary to a parent's natu- ral duty. INOPPORTU'NITY, n. Unseasonable- I'NO'PS eONSIL'II. [L.] Wanting advice. IN'-OWER, adv. Nearer to any object ; close to ; forward ; opposed to out-ower. ■ — In-ower and out-ower, backwards and forwards; thoroughly; violently and despotically, and against all oppo- sition. [.Scotch.] IN PART'IBUS. See Bishop in this Supp. IN'-PENNY, and OUT'-PENNY, n. Money paid by the custom of some manors on alienation of tenants, t&c. IN PETTO, [add.] In reserve or se- crecy. IN PLACE,t adv. There. [Spenser.] IN PR^SEN'TI. [L.] At the present time. IN'-PUT, n. Contribution, or share in a contribution ; balance in change of money. [Scotch.] IN'QUEST.n. [add.] Quest; adventure. [Spenser.] INQUIREN'DO. [L.] In law, an au- thority given in general to some person or persons, to inquire into something for the king's advantage. INQUI'RERS, n. In the East Indies, native Christian neophytes, or persons not qxiite converted from heathenism. INQUl'RY, n [add.] Writ of inquiry, a judicial process addressed to the sheriff of the county in which the venue in the action is laid, stating the former pro- ceedings in the action, and commanding the sheriff that by the oath of twelve honest and lawful men of his county, he diligently inquire what damages the plaintiff has sustained, and return the inquisition into court. This writ is ne- cessary after an interlocutory judgment, the defendant having let the proceed- ings go by default, to ascertain the question of damages. — Court of inquiry a court sometimes appointed by the crown to ascertain the propriety of re- sorting to ulterior proceedings against a party charged before a court-martial. INQUIS'lTOK, n. [add.] In law, any officer, as a sheriff', coroner, &c., having power to inquire into certain matters. INQUISITORIAL, a. [add.] Having a power of inquisition ; charged with in- quiry; as, inquisitorial commissioners. [Lyttelto7i.] INQUISITO'RIALLY, ado. In an in- quisitorial manner. INRaC'INATE, v. t. [Fr. inraciner.] To enroot ; to implant. INRaC'INATED, pp. Implanted. INRAIL'ING, instead of INRAILING. IN RE. [L.] In law, in the matter of. IN REM. [L.] In laic, against the thing or property. IN ROUND LISTS.f In lists encom- passed all around. [Spen-ter.] INSALIVA'TION, n. In physiol, the blending of the saliva with the food during the act of mastication, in order to prepare it for the subsequent process of digestion. INSANE' ROOT, n. Henbane. [Shah.] INSATIABIL'ITY, n. Insatiableness. INSA'TIATENESS, n. The quality of being insatiate, or insatiable. INS€ONCE, V. t. (inskons'.) To defend ; to fortify. [Shah.] INSCRIP'TION, n. [add.] Inscriptions are records of public or private occur- rences, of laws, decrees, and the like, engraven on stone, metal, and other hard substances, exhibited for public 217 inspection. The custom of making in- scriptions was very general in the states of antiquity, and supplied to some ex- tent the want of the art of printing. Innumerable inscribed monuments still exist in Persia, Egypt, Greece, Italy, and other countries. IN'SECT, a. [add.] Resembling an insect ; relating to insects ; as, insect transformations, insect architecture. INSECTIV'ORA, n. [add.] In Tem- minck's system, an order of birds that feed on insects, as the swallows. INSECT0L'06Y,+ n. Entomology. INSEL'ED,t pp. [See Enseal.] At- tested under seal. [Chaucer.] INSEN'SIBLENESS, n. InsensibiUty. INSERT'ING, n. [add.] Something set in, as lace, &c., into garments. INSESSO'RES, n. [add.] A most ex- tensive order of perching birds, in which are comprehended all those tribes which live habitually among trees, with the exception of the birds of prey, and the climbing birds. They pass the greater part of their time on the wing, and only use their legs, which are short and ■weak, as an occasional support; the toes are three before and one behind. It is to this order that all our singing birds belong. It is divided into four subordinate groups :— (1.) The Coniros- tres, or conical-billed birds. (2.) The Dentirostres, or tooth-billed birds. (.3.) The Tenuirostres, or slender-billed birds. (4.) The Fissirostres, or gaping- billed birds. INSESSO'RIAL, a. Relating to the insessores, or perching birds. INSET^tPP- Implanted. [Chaucer.] INSHEATHE', v. t. To hide or cover in a sheath. INSHRINE', V. t. To envelop; to sur- round. [Dryden.] IN 'SIDE, a. Interior; being within; internal. INSIN'UATINGLY, ado. By insinua- tion. INSIP'IENT, a. Unwise ; fooUsh. INSIST'ENCE, n. Act of resting upon or persevering. IN SI'TU. [L.] In its original situa- tion or bed; a terra applied to minerals, when found in their original position, bed, or strata. INSOCIABIL'ITY, a. Want of socia- bility ; unsociability. INSOLA'TION, n. [add.] E.xposure to the solar heat, as a therapeutic agent. IN'SOLENCY, n. Same as Insolence. [Lit. us.] INSOL'UBLENESS, n. Insolubility. INSOL'VENT, a. [add.] By the Act 7 and 8 Vict., c. 96, passed in 1844, any prisoner in execution upon judgment in an action for debt who was not a trader, or whose debts, if a trader, were under £300, may, without any previous notice, by petition to any court of bankruptcy, be protected from process, and from being detained in prison, for any debt mentioned in his schedule. By the same act it is decreed that no person shall be taken or charged in execution upon any judgment obtained in any court, whether superior or ioferior, in any action for the recovery of any debt wherein the sum recovered shall not exceed the sum of £20, exclusive of the costs recovered by such judgment. A subsequent act, however (8 and U Vict., c. 127), gives to creditors the means of obtaining payment of sums under £20, besides the costs of suit, by a par- ticular process. INSOL'VENT DEBTORS' COURT, 7 T INSTITUTIONAL INTENSITY INTERLAY n. A court in which the insolvent law is administered by commissioners ap- pointed by the crown. Three of the commissioners from time to time make circuits, and give their attendance at the assize towns or other places where prisoners may be ordered to appear. INSOM'NIA, n. [L.] Sleeplessness; watching ; Ijing awake. INSOMUCH", adv. [add.] This word is obsolescent, at least in classical com- position. INSPECTION, n. [add.] Innavigation, the mode of reckoning a ship's course by reference to nautical tables. — Trial by inspection. [5ee Trial.] INSPEX'IMUS, n. [add.] The first word in ancient charters and letters- patent; an exemplification; a royal grant. INSPIRA'TION, n. [add.] A highly- exciting influence; ZiSjthe inspiration of the scene. INSPIRA'TIONIST.n. One who holds to inspiration. IN'SPIRATORY, or INSPI'RA- TORY, a. INSPISSATE, a. Thick; inspissated. INSPYRE'.t t\ t [See Ixspire.] To blow or breathe. {Spenser.] INST. Contraction for instant, used in correspondence, &c., for the current or present month ; as, he wrote me on the 10th inst., that is, on the 10th day of the present month. IN'STANCE, n. [add.] Notice; intelli- gence ; information. [Shak.] — In Scots law, that which may be insisted on at one diet or coiu^e of probation. Lord Bacon, in hisATn'um Organum Scientiar- um, employs the term instances to sig- nify facts, cases, examples, experiments. Thus, he speaks of prerogative in- stances, or those facts which have a chief claim to be noticed in the attempt to interpret the laws of nature. — Cru- cial instances, facts which determine at once between two or more possible conclusions. [See I>"st.\xti^ Cku- cis.]— Shakspeare uses instances to sig- ni^ solicitations, inducements; and instance to signify example, corrobora- tion. IN'STIGaTINGLY, adv. Incitingly; temptingly. INSTIN€T',f V. t. To impress, as by an animating power. INSTINCTIVE, a. [add.] InsHnctive factilt!/, that faculty which leads ani- mals, independent of any instruction or experience, to do spontaneously what- ever is necessary for the preservation of the individual, or the continuation of its kind. [See Instinct.] — Instinc- tive motions, those involuntary actions which are excited mediately through the nerves ; such as the closure of the eyelids, the act of sucking, the act of swallowing, the closure of the glottis, the action of the sphincters, inspiration, sneezing and vomiting, &c. IN'STITUTE, n. [add.] A scientific body ; a society established according to certain laws or regulations for the furtherance of some particular object ; as, a philosophic institute, a literary in- stitute, a mechanics' institute, an educa- tional institute, &c. IN'STITUTE, 1-. t. [add.] To model ; to form by regular establishment ; as, to institute the inhabitants into a republic. [Sic?'ft.]~To nominate; to appoint to an office. [Shak.] INSTITU'T10NAL,a. [add.] Adapted to institutes; relating to elementary parts of knowledge. IN'STITUTOR, n. [add.] In the Epis- copal church, a presbyter appointed by the bishop to institute a rector or as- sistant minister in a parish church. INSTRUCT'ER, n. See Isstructob. INSTRUMENT' ALIST, «. One who plavs on an instrument. IN'STRUMENT-MAKER, n. A maker of instruments. INSUBMERfi'IBLE, a. Incapable of being submerged. INSUFFU'CIENCE, n. Insufficiency. [Rar. us.] lNSUFFr'CIENT,a. [add.] An answer in chancery is said to be insujflcient when it does not specifically reply to the specific charges in the biU. INSULARLY, adv. In an insular man- ner. IN'SULaTE, v. i. [add.] To free from all combination, as a chemical sub- INSULT'MENT, n. Act of insulting; insvUt. [Shak.] INSUPPoS'ABLE,t2. That is not to be supposed. INSUPPRESS'IBLY, adv. In a manner or degree that cannot be suppressed or concealed. INSURGENCY, n. The act of rising in rebellion against government. INSURMOUNT'ABLENESS, n. State of being insurmountable. INSURRECTIONAL, a. Pertaining to insurrection ; consisting in insurrec- tion. [American.] INSURRECTIONIST, n. One who favours or excites insurrection ; an in- surgent. INSUSCEP'TIVE, a. Not susceptive. IN'-TAKE, n. A term used technically to denote the point at which a narrow- ing or contraction begins. — In hydrau- lics, the point at which water is received into a conduit; opposed to out-let. IN'TaKERS, n. Receivers of stolen goods. IN'TEGRAL, a. [add.] Integral par- ticles, the most minute particles into which any substance, simple or com- pound, can be divided, similar to each other, and to the substance of which they are parts. INTEGUMENT'ARY,a. Belonging to, or composed of integuments : covering. INTEGUMENTA TION,«. That part of physiology which treats of integu- ments. ! INTELLEC'TIVELY, adv. In an in- tellective manner. j INTELLECTUALISM,H. Intellectual I quality or power ; the doctrine of the Intellectualists. , INTELLEC TUALIST, «. [add.] One j who holds that human knowledge is derived from pure reason. I INTELLEC'TUALIZE, v. t. To treat or reason upon in an intellectual man- ner. [Rare.] I INTE:M'PERANCE,n.[add.] Violence. INTEM'PERANCY.frt. Intemperance. INTEM PERATELY,adu.[add.]With- out moderation of feelings ; acrimoni- ously. INTEND', V. i. To direct. [Shah.] INTEND', V. t. [add.] To pretend. [Shak.] INTEND', V. i. To extend; to stretch forward. [Pope.] INTEND'ING,i>pr. [add.] Pretending. [Shak.] INTEN ERATE, a. Tender; soft; in- tenerated. [Rar. us.] INTENS'ITY, H. [add.] In electricity, the degree to which a body is electri- cally excited. 213 INTENS'lVENESS, n. The state of being intensive, INTERAD'DITIVE, a Something in- serted parenthetically, or between other things. INTERAMBULA'CRA, n. plur. [L. inter, and ambulacra.] The imperforate plates which occupy the intervals of the perforated plates, or ambulacra, in the shells of the echinoderms. [See Am- bulacra in this Sttpp.] INTER ARTICULAR, a. Situated be- tween joints, as cartilages and liga- ments. INTERAURIC'ULAR, a. A term ap- plied to the septum, or wall, between the auricles of the heart in the fetus. INTERCEPTED, pp. [add.] Included or comprehended between ; as, an arc of a circle intercepted between two lines. INTERCES'SOR, or INTERCES- SOR, n. INTERCESSO'RL\X,a. Pertaining to an intercessor or intercession ; inter- cessorv. [Rar. us.] INTERCHANGEABIL'ITY, n. Same as IxTERCH.ANGE ABLE NESS. INTERCLAVICULAR, n. [L. inter, and clavicular.] In anat., a ligament connecting the one clavicle with the other. INTERCLOUD', v. t. To shut within clouds; to cloud. INTERCOLONIAL, a. Relating to the intercourse between different colo- nies. [Kova-Scotian.] INTERCOSTA'LES. n. In anat., the name given to two sets of muscles be- tween the ribs, the external and inter- nal. INTERCROSS', r. t. To cross mutu- ally; to cross one another, as lines. INTERCUR'RENT, a. [Inter, and cur- rent.] A term applied to fevers, or other diseases, which occur sporadically dur- ing the prevalence of epidemic or en- demic diseases. INTERDASH', v. t. To dash at inter- vals ; to intersoerse. INTERDIG'I'TAL, a. [Inter, and digi- tal.] Being between the fingers, as the web which forms the wing of a bat. IN'TERDCCE, n. In carpentry, an in- tertie. [See Interties.] lN'TERESSE,t n. Interest; right or title to. [Spejiser.] IN TEREST, 71. [add.] A chattel real, as a lease for years, or a future ei^tate ; also, any estate, right, or title in realty. [See Usury.] INTERESTED, pp. or a. [add.] Too regardful of profit ; chiefly concerned for one's own private advantage. INTERESTINGLY, adv. In an inte- resting manner. INTERFA'CIAL,a. [7n/er,and/acia/.] Included between two faces. An in- terfacial angle is formed by the meet- ing of two planes. INTERFC SION, n. Act of pouring or spreading between. INTERIM, n. [add.] A decree of the Emperor Charles V., by which he in- tended to reduce to harmony the con- flicting opinions of the Protestants and Roman Catholics. INTE RIOR, a. After E G B insert a comma. INTERIO'RITY, n. The quality of be- ing interior. INTERJEC'TIONARY, a. Same as Interjectional. INTERLAID', pp. Laid or placed be- tween oramong. INTERLAY', V. t. To lay or place I among or between. INTERPOLATING INTORTION INTRUSION INTERLI'BEL, t>. (. To libel recipro- callv. INTERLIN'EAL, a. Between lines; interlinearv. INTEKLlN'EAR,a. [add.] MerVmear system, the Hamiltonian system of teaching languages, by interlining the translations. INTERLINEATION, n. [add.] lalav, an alteration of a written instrnment, and insertion of any matter after it is engrossed. INTERLOCK', o. i. To embrace, com- municate with, or flow into each other. INTERLOP'ER.n. [add.] Apersonwho intercepts the trade of a mercantile company ; applied principally to those who infringed tlie charters of the East India Company. INTERMAXILLARY, a. Being be- tween tlie cheek-bones. IN'TERMEDE, n. [It. intermezzo.] A sort of interlude in a drama; a sliort musical piece, generally of a bm'lesque IN'TERiilSE.t 71. Interference ; inter- position. INTERJirX'EDLY, adv. With inter- mixture ; indiscriminately. INTERNALITY, n. Quality of being internal. [Rar. us.] INTERNATIONAL LAW, n. Tlie law of nations; those maxims or rules whicii independent political societies or states observe, or ought to observe, in their conduct towards one another. International law embraces the prin- ciples that should regulate the conduct of states toward each other; tlic prin- ciples that should regulate the rights and obligations of private parties, aris- ing out of the conduct of states to each other ; and the principles that should regulate the rights and obligations of private parties when they are affected by tlie separate internal codes of dis- tinct nations. INTERNE'CIARY, a. Mutually de- structive ; exterminating. INTERNEC'INAL, a. Mutually de- structive, INTERNO'DIAL, a. Between joints, nodes, or knots. INTERPET'ALARY, a. [Inter, and petal.] Situated between petals. INTERPLEAD'ER, n. [add.] In law, the discussion or trial of a point inci- dentally happening, as it were, between, before the principal cause can be deter- mined. Interpleader is allowed that the defendant may not be charged to two severally where no default is in him ; as, if one brings detinue against the defendant upon a bailment of goods, and another against him ujjon a trover, there shall be interpleader to ascertain who has right to his action. A bill of interpleader, in equity, is filed by a per- son who is under an obligation of debt or rent to one of the parties to a suit in equity, but cannot ascertain, until the determination of the suit, to which of the parties he is indebted ; and by this bill he desires to interplead, in order that he may save himself harmless in the event of the success of either party. The statute 1 & 3 Wm. IV., e. 5S, has rendered this mode of relief more easy of attainment in the courts of law. INTER'POL ATE, instead of IN'TER- POLATE. INTERPOLATED, instead of IN'- TERPOLATED. INTERPOLATING, instead of IN- TERPOLATING. INTERPOLATOR, instead of IN'- I TERPOLATOR. INTERPO'NENT, n. He or that which interposes. INTERPRETATIVE, a. [add.] Em- ployed in interpretation ; as, interpre- tative lexicography. [Johnson.] INTER'PRETER, n. [add.] One who explains sights. [Addiso7t.] INTERRE'ciENCY, Ji. The space of time, or the government, while there is no lawful sovereign on the throne. INTER'ROGATEE, n. One who is interrogated. [Bar. us.] INTERSEC'TICUM, n. In arch., a point where lines cross. INTERSECTION, n. [add.] Division; divulsion. INTERSOM'NIOUS, a. Between sleeping and waking. IN'TERSPEECH, n. A speech inter- posed between others. INTERSPINOUS, a. Same as Inter- spinal. INTERSTEL'LARY, a. Same as 1n- TERSTELLAU. INTERSTICE, or IN'TERSTICE. INTERSTr'TIAL, a. [add.] Inter- mediate. — Interstitial onjans, in anat., organs which occupy the interstices of contiguous cells, as the uterus, bladder, &c. INTERTRANSVERSA'LES, n. [L.] In anat., four distinct small bundles of muscular fibres, which fill up the spaces between the transverse processes of the vertebrae of the loins, and serve to draw them toward each other. INTERTWINE', v. i. To be mutually interwoven. IN'TERVAL, n. [add.] In New Eng- land, a tract of low or plain ground between hills or along the banks of rivers. Sometimes written Intervale. INTERVENT'OR,n. [L.] Amediator; a person anciently designated by a church to reconcile parties, and unite them in the choice of officers. INTERVIS'IBLE, a. In surveying, an epithet applied to stations which are mutually visible, or can be seen the one from the other. INTERVIS'IT,n. An intermediate visit. INTERVOLU'TION, n. State of being intervolved. INTERWOVE', )pp. ora. [Fromi/i- INTERWoV'EN, ( terweave.] Woven together; intermixed; intermingling. INTESTINA'LIA, n. [L.] A class of animals which infest the interior of the bodies, and especially the intestinal canal of other animals. They form the Entozoa of Rudolphi. INTEST'INAL WORMS, n. The En- tozoa vvhich reside in the bodies of other animals. INTEX'INE, n. A name given to that membrane of the pollen-grain which is situated next to the extine, or outer- most membrane. INTIMIDATORY, a. Causing inti- midation. IN'TINE, n. [L. iniimus.] A name given to the inner coat of the shell of the pollen-grain in plants. INTITULED, pp. Having a title to or in. [5/iaft.]— Entitled; distinguished by a title ; a term used in acts of Parlia- ment. INTOL'ERANCE, n. [add] Want of capacity to endure; want of patience or forbearance. INTOL'ERANCY, n. Same as Intol- erance. INTOR'TION, n. A winding or twist- Iiitrapetiolar. INTREAT^fi ing. INTOXl€A'TION, n. [add.] Figura- tiveli/, a high excitement of mind ; an elation which leads to enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness. INTRA€'TlLE,ta. Incapable of being drawn out ; not tractile. INTKAMUN'DANE, a. [Intra, and m7indane.'\ Being within the world. INTRAMU'RAL, o. [L. ui^ra, within, and 7n«rH5, a wall.] Being within the walls, as of a city or town. INTRANS€A'LENT, a. [L. in, and transcaleo.l Impervious to heat. IN'TRANT,t n. One who makes an entrance INTRAPET'IOLAR, a. In bot., a term applied when the pair of stipules at the base of a petiole unite by those margins wliich are next the petiole ; and thus seem to form a single stipule be- tween the petiole and the stem or branch. It is often confounded with interpetiolar, but is quite difl'erent in meaning. t. To treat of; to speak of. [5ce Entreat.) [Spenser.] INTRENCH'MENT, n. [add.] Figura- tively, any defence or protection. INTRIGUE, n. (intreeg'.) [add.] \ secret understanding, or commerce of forbidden love, between two persons of different sexes. INTRIGUE, V. i. (intreeg'.) To carry on a commerce of forbidden love. INTRIGUERY, n. (intreeg'e-re.) Arts or practice of intrigue. INTRINSE', a. [It. tnlrinsico.] In- wardly wrought; closely tied. [Skah.] INTRIN SE€AL,t a. Intrinsical. INTRIN'SICALNESS, n. Quality of being intrinsical. INTROCES SION, n. [Intro, and ces- sion.] A depression or sinking of parts inwards. INTRODCCE', D. (. [add.] To bring before the spectator or reader ; to re- present as acting or speaking ; to induce. INTRODUCTION, n. [add.] The act of making persons known to each other; as, the introduction of one stranger to another ; the introduction of a foreign minister to a prince or court ; and the introduction of strangers to a levee or drawing-room. INTRODUe'TIVE, a. [add.] Some- times followed by of; as, laws Intro- ductive of liberty. INTRODUC'TIVELY, adv. In a man- ner serving to introduce. INTRO'lT, 1«. [add.] In the Roman INTROIT,' ( Catholic service, the en- trance or beginning of the mass; a psalm or a passage of Scripture sung or chanted when the priest enters within the rails of the altar. INTRORSE, a. [add.] Pron. intrawrs . INTROSUSCEP'TION, instead of IN- TROSUS'CEP'TION, INTUSSUS- CEP'TION, >i. [add.] When introsus- ception takes place downwards, it may be termed progressive ; when upwards, retrograde. INTRU'SION, n. [add.] In law, an unlawful entry into lands and tene- ments void of a possessor, by a person who has no right to the same. It arises when a stranger intrudes between the death of a tenant for life or years, and the entry of the heir of a remain- der man, or reversioner expectant on the estate for life or years, who had died 219 INTOLrTION IRON HAT ISCHIATIC previous to the decease of sach tenant for live or years. The writ of entry or intrusion is abolished by 3 and i Wm. IV., c. 27. — In geol., intrusion signifies the penetrating of one rock, while in a melted state, into the cavities of other rocks. INTKU SIONIST, n. One who in- trudes, or who favours intrusion. INTRUSIVE, a. [add.l Intrusive rocks, in geol., are rocks which have been forced, while in a melted state, into the cavities, or between the layers, of other rocks. INTWINE', r. (. [add.l To surround by a winding course. [B. Johnson.] INTWIJJE'ilENT, n. The act of iu- twining. INURBANE ', a. Uncivil ; uncoorteous ; unpolished. IN VA'DIO. [L.] In gage ; in pledge. [Law term.] INVAGINATION, n. [L. in, and vagina, a sheath.] A term synonymous with introsusception or intiissusception. INVALID', instead of IN'VALID, ti. INVALID , a. Infirm; weak; sick. INVALID', r.<. To aft'ect with disease ; to register as an invalid ; to enrol on the list of invalids in the military or INVALIDATION, n. Act of invalid- ating. INVALID ED, pp. Registered as an invalid. INVAL'UED, a. Inestimable; invalu- able. INVARIABIL ITY, n. Same as In- VABIABLEXESS. INVENDIBIL ITY, n. [In, and vendi- bilitv.] Unsaleableness. INVENDIBLE, a. Unsaleable. INVENT', V. t. [add.] To find. [Spen- ser.] INVENTED, pp. [add.] Found; met with ; lighted on. [Spenser.] INVENT'ER, n. One who invents. [See IxvEXTOR.] INVEN TION, n. [add.] Imagination. [Shah.] INVENTO'RIAL, a. Belonging to an inventorv. INVEKSE'LT, adv. [add.] In an in- verse ratio or proportion. INVEST', r. t. [add.] To lay out money in the purchase of some species of pro- perty, usually of a permanent nature. [See Invest, sig. 7.] INVESTED, pp. In hot., having the ape:i in an opposite direction to that of some other thing, as many seeds. INVEST'MENT, n. [add.] Cargo; lading. INVEST OR, n. One who invests or makes an investment. INVEST'URE.t 1. Investment. INVI6'ILANCT, n. Same as Intigi- LASCE. INVI'OLACY, n. The state of being inviolate. [Rare.] INVI'OLATELY, adi: Without viola- tion. INViS'ED, a. Invisible. [5AoA.] INV^IS'IBLE, a. [add.] Unlookedat; disregarded. [SAaA.] INVOCATORY, a. Making invoca- tion ; invoking. INVOKE', V. t. [add.] To call for with earnestness ; as, to invoke the aid of government. INVOL'UNTARY, a. [add.] Involun- tary muscles. [See Muscle.] IN'VOLUTE, o. [add.] In bof., when the margins of the leaves in the bud are rolled in, as in the apple. INVOLU TION, n. [add.] Involution has been defined to be, " The perform- ance of any number of successive mvil- tiplications with the same multiplier, interrupted or not by additions or sub- tractions ;" and evolution, " any method of finding out, from the result of an involution, what multiplier was em- ployed, provided that the said method proceeds bv involutions." INVOL'VEDNESS,t "■ State of being involved. INVUL'NER.^TE, a. That is or can- not be wounded ; unhurt ; invulnerable. IN'WARD, n. An intimate. [SAaA] IN WITH. Within. [Chaucer.] INWORK', V. t. To work in ; to operate within. [Rar. us.] I'O, n. [L.ohlah!] A triumphal shout. I'ODAL, n. [From iodine, and alcohol.] An oleaginous liquid obtained from the action of alcohol and nitric acid on iodine. I'ODISM, n. In pafho., a peculiar mor- bid state, produced by the use of iodine. IONIAN, a. Relating to Ionia, or to a cluster of Greek islands. lON'ie, a. [add.] The Ionic foot, in prosody, consists of four syllables, eitlier two short and two long, or two long and two short. lONie, n. An ionic verse or metre. I'O-PjC'AN, n. [Gr.] A sound of exul- tation. I. O. U. -A. simple mode in writing of acknowledging a debt. A paper having on it these letters (signifj-ing / otce you), followed by a given sum, and duly signed, is called an I. O. U., and is con- sidered equally binding in honour with a promissory note, and is taken as an evidence of debt in a court of law. Such papers are ordinarily given in gambling transactions. IPECACUAN'HA, n. [add.] American ipecacuanha, the Euphorbia americana, a plant which grows in sandy places in North America. It is emetic, purga- tive, diaphoretic; but apt to produce hypercatharsis. — Wliite ipecacuanha, the Richardsonia scabra, a plant which grows in many parts of tropical America. Its qualities are similar to those of the true ipecacuanha (Cephxlis ipecacu- anha), and it is used for the same pur- poses. The lonidium ifubu is also known by the name of white ipeca- cuanha. I IP'OCRAS, t n. See HiPPOCRASS. [Chaucer.] \ IRENE, 71. One of the small planets or asteroids between the orbits of ilars and Jupiter, discovered by Mr. Hind, 20th May, 1851. IRID^E A, n. A genus of algae, grow- 1 ing on roclis in the sea. — /. edulis is I called dulse in the south-west of Eng- land. It is of nutritious quality, and is eaten by fishermen either raw or pinched between hot irons. [See DoLSE.] I'RIDAL. a. Same as Irisated. I'RIS, n. One of the small planets or asteroids between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered by Mr. Hind, 13th August, 1847. It revolves round the sun in 1.34164 solar days, and is about 2^ times the distance of the earth from the sun. I'RIS-DISEASE, n. Rainbow-ring- worm, a species of lierpes. IRISH MOSS. n. See Cabbaoeek- Moss in this Supp. I'RISHRY.t n. The people of Ireland. I'RONER. II. One who irons. IRON HAT. n. A term applied in the romances of the middle ages to the cylindrical, flat -topped helmet, worn 220 by the soldiers of the Crusades and others. IRON le ALNESS, n. State of being irnnical. [Rar. tis.] I'RONING, ppc. [add.] Furnishing or arming with iron. I'RONING, n. A smoothing with an iron; a shackling with irons; a fur- nishing or arming with iron. I'RON-WORK, n. [add.] Manufacture of iron. IRON-WORKS, n. [add] A place where iron is manufactured. IRRADIANT.d. Emitting raysof light. IRR.\D ICATE, V. t. To fix by the root ; to fix firmly. IRREDEEM'ABLY, adv. So as not to be redeemed. IRREFUTABLE, or IRREFUT- ABLE. mREF UTABLY, or IRREFUT- ABLY. IRREGULAR, a. In bot., having the parts which constitute one series of a tiower dissimilar in size and form. IRREGULAR BIVALVES, n. Those bivalves which are not uniform in shape throughout the species. IRREG UL.\R MASSES, n. In geol, a term applied to rocks of an indeter- minate form, and of any size, as granite, greenstone, and porphyry. IRREGULOUS, a. Licentious; law- less; irregular. [SAaA.] IRREJEC'TABLE, a. That cannot be rejected. IRREPRESS'IBLY, ado. In a manner or degree that cannot be repressed. IRREPROV ABLENESS, n. State of being irreprovable. IRREP UTABLE.t a. Disreputable. IRRESPONSIVE, a. Not responsive. IRRIG rOUS. a. [add.] Inebriated. IRRIS'IBLE, a. Not risible; incapable of laughter. IRRITABIL'ITY, n. [add.] In phys., a healthful, vital susceptibility to the induenee of natural, medicinal, and mechanical agents, and the power of responding in a normal manner, both by sensations and actions. — .ilso, a morbid and plainly excessive vital sus- ceptibility to the agents above-men- tioned, and a capability of responding only by vitiated and abnormal sensa- tions and actions. IR'RITABLENESS, i. Quality of being irritable. IR'RITABLY, adv. In an irritable manner. IRRITANT, n. [add.] In phys., an agent, either natural, medicinal, or mechanical, which produces vitiated and abnormal sensations and actions, in a part or the whole of an animal sj'stem. IRRIT.A'TION, n. [add.] In phyf., a vitiated and abnormal sensation or action, or both in conjunction, produced by natural, medicinal, or mechanical agents, either upon an unhealthy state of the vital susceptibilities, or by an excessive or otherwise improper use or application of the agenU above-men- tioned. IRRU'BRICAL, n. Not rubrical; con- trary to the rubric. IS. The third person singular of the verb to be. [See Be.] IS.4.TIN'ie ACID, n. Same as Isatic Acid. ISCHIAG'R.A, n. [Gr. irx"; the hip, and «>•(«. a seizure.] Hip-gout. ISCHlAL'Gl.i, n. [Gr. ,rx"; and .x>k, pain.] Pain in the hip ; sciatica. ISCHI.-i.TiC, a. [See Ischiadic] Per- isocnKoxox ISOTHEUOMBROSE IZZARD taiuius to the hip; as, the iscliiatic fora- men, a notch of the os-innominatum ; the isc/a'of(c artery, which proceeds tlirough the notch of the os-innominatum. IS€HIATOCE'LE, \n. [Gr. lax^o., and ISGHIOCE'LE, f *r>.*), a tumour.] An intestinal ruptiu-e tlirough the sci- atic ligaments. ISeHNOPHO'NTA, n. [Gr. i^x^oi, slen- der, and ifaiv--], voice.] Shrillness of the voice ; hesitation of speech, or stam- mering. IS€HU'RIA, n. See Ischury. rSE. I shall. [Scotch.] I'SINGLASS, H. [add.] The most pro- bable derivation of this word is from Ger. kausen, sturgeon, and blase, blad- der. IS'LAM, n. The religion of Mahomet, and also the whole body of those who profess it throughout the world. ISLAM1T'I€, a. Pertaining to Islam; Maliometan. IS LAMIZE, V. f. or i. To confirm to Islamism ; to Mahometanize. ISOB'ARES, V. j^fur. [Gr. *a-«, equal, and /3a;o!, weight.] In physical geog.y lines connecting those places on the surface of the globe at which the mean height of the barometer is the same. ISOB'ARISM, \n. [Gr. «rof, equal, and ISOB'ARYSM, [ ,2«50f, weight.] Equa- lity or similarity of weight. ISOBAROMET'RIG LINES, n. [Gr. nr6(, equal, jSajos, weight, and juET^av, measure.) Lines connecting together those places on the earth's surface which present the same mean differ- ence between the monthly extremes of the barometer. These are curves whose geographical position and inflections yield important conclusions regarding the influence exercised by the form of the land, and the distribution of seas, on the variations of atmospheric pres- sure. [See IsoBARES in this Supp.] ISOCHEl'MAL, or ISOGHEI'MEN- AL, a. ISO€HEI'MES, ) n.plur. \n physical ISO€HrMENES,J geog.,\mQS drawn through places on the surface of tlie globe which have the same winter temperature. [5ee Isocheimal.] ISO€Hl'MAL, ) a. See Isochei- ISO€HrMENAL,} mal. ISO€H'RONON,n.[5ee Isochronal.] An equal time-keeper, or a sort of clock which is designed to keep perfectly equal time. ISOGLI'NAL, a. Same as Isoclinic. \See Isoclinic Lines in this Supp.] ISO€LIN'ie LINES, n. [Gr. *«f, and x?.jv(w, to incline.] Lines of equalinelina- tion or dip ; a term applied to curves connecting those places in the two hem- ispheres where the dip of the magnetic needle is equal. They coincide in position with the isothermal lines, and run nearly parallel with the magnetic equator. ISODYNAM'I€ LINES, «. [See Iso- dynamic] Lines of equal power or intensity ; a term applied to lines con- necting those places where the in- tensity of the terrestrial magnetism is equal. They resemble, in form and position, the isucHnic lines. ISOGEOTHER'MAL, a. [Gr. tt^a, equal, yij, the earth, and 5-;g^*), heat.] In I>hysical geog., isogeothermal lines are those connecting all those points in the upper strata of the globe where tlie mean annual temperature is the same, [See Isothermal.] ISOGON'ie LINES, n. [Gr. ,ZKr.[Gr./«.-,equal, and CiTOi, rain.] In physical geog., lines connecting those places on the surface of the globe where the quantity of rain which falls annually is the same. IS'OLATEDLY, adv. In an isolated manner. ISOMER'IG, instead of ISOM'ERie,a. ISOMER'TGAL, a. Same as Isomeric. I'SOTHERE, n. An isotheral line. [See Isotiieral.] ISOTH'ERES, n. plur. [See Isoth- eral.] In physical geog., lines connect- ing those places on the surface of the globe which have the same summer temperature. ISOTHERM, 7?. An isothermal line. [See Isothermal.] ISOTHEROM'BROSE, a. [Gr. tfcj, equal, J&sfof, summer, and «aC;«, rain.] In physical geog., a term employed to designate lines connecting places on the surface of the globe where the Bame quantity of rain falls during the summer. 221 IS'SUABLE, a. [add.] In law, issuable terms are those of Hilary and Trinity, because in them issues are made up for the assizes; but for town-causes ell the four terms are issuable. — Issuable plea, a plea upon which a plaintiff may take issue and go to trial upon the merits. IS'SUE-PEAS, n. Round bodies em- ployed for the purpose of maintaining irritation in a wound of the skin, called an isstte. The seed of the commo i garden-pea is frequently used, but fch^ young unripe fruits of the coram. in orange are more commonly employed. For this purpose the fruits arc dried, and afterwards turned in a lathe to make them round and smooth. ISTH'MIAN, a. Noting certain Grecian games celebrated at the isthmus of Corinth. ISTHMI'TIS, n. [Gr. ,f9fMi, the throat, and the particle t(iV.] Inflammation of the throat. ISTH'MUS, n. [add.] In anat, that which divides the cavity of the mouth from that of the throat. — Isthmus of the thyroid gland, a transverse cord con- necting the two lobes which compose the thyroid body IT, pron. [add.] Used instead of he and she. [Chaucer. "^ ITAL'ICISM, K. An Italian idiom or phrase. ITCH'ING, n. The state of the skin when one desires to scratch it ; an un- easy sensation which is removed by scratching; teazing desire. ITER, 71. [L.] A way, road, passage, or journey. — In anat., a passage of com- munication between two or more parts. ITERA'TION, n. [add.] Readiness at quoting passages from books. [Shah.] ITIN'ERANTLY,arfu. In an unsettled or wandering manner. I'TIS. In pntho.,a. particle which, when added to the Greek name of any organ of tlie body, or part affected, implies inflammation of that organ, or part. ITS. Possessive case of the pronoun it, — vhich see. I'VIED, instead of IVIED. rVORY-SHELL, n. The shells of the genus Eburna, which are pure white, spotted with dark red, are so called. rVY-BERRY, n. The fruit of the ivy. IZ'ARD, n. The wild goat of the Pyre- nees. IZ'ZARD, n. Another name of the let- ter Z. SUPPLEMENT TO THE IMPERIAL DICTIONARY, .TACKMAN JALOUSIE JANG AD A JAB'BEIUNG CROW, ?>. A common bird in Jamaica, so called from its un- couth arti(!ulations. It is tlie Corvus ja7naicensis. .lAG'AMAR, n. [add.] The green jac- amar is tlie Galbula viridis ; the para- dise jacamar is the G. paradisea, a native of Surinam and Cayenne. JAC'ANA, n. [add.] Various species of the jacana. wliich in contour and habit somewhat i-esemble our moor-hen, are spread over the trojncal regions both of the Old and New World. JAC'CHIJS, 71. [add.] The monkeys which constitute this genus are of a small size, with short muzzle, flesh- coloured face, and round head. They are squirrel-like in their habits, and omnivorous. They are natives of Guiana and Brazil, and are knuwu by the name of marmosets, JACCONET'. ^ec Jaconet. JACK, 7). [add.] In mJTiing, a wooden wedge used to split the rocks asunder after blasting. — Jack - of- the - clock- house, a figure of a little man that strikes tlie quarters in some clocks. — Jack-at-a-pinch, a poor hackney par- son, [iocrt/.] — The name .jack is very commonly applied to vibrating levers in various kinds of machinery, as in stocking -frames, &c. — The name of .some brilliantly coloured fish of the mackerel family, found in tlie West Indian seas. JACK'-BACK, n. The largest jack of the brewer. J ACK'-BOOT, n. A kind of large boot reaching up over the knee, and used as a kind of defensive ar- mour ; introduced in the seventeenth cen- tury. JACK' C K O S S - TREES, H, In ships, cross-trees made of iron, at the head of topgalJant-masts. JACK'-KETCH, n. In Eiujland, a pub- lic executioner or hangman ; the com- I r. , , Jill KUOOt. mon hangman ot the city of London, said to be so named from John Ketch, a noted hangman in 1G82. JACIC-KNIFE, n. A large strong clasp- knife for the pocket. JACK'MAN, n. A man that wears a II.— Supp. short mail jack or jacket. [5tr W. Scott.] JACK'-SGREW, n. See Jack. JACK'-SNIPE, 77. A small species of snipe, the Scolopax galliaula ; called also jiidcoch. J ACK'-STAFF, n. Thestaff upon which the union-jack is hoisted at the point of a ship's bowsprit. JACK'-STAYS, 77. In ships, ropes or iron rods, or strips of wood attached to the yard for bending a square sail to. JAC OBIN, 71 [add.J A gray-friar. [C'hauce7'.] JACOBIN'ieALLY,flf/u. In a manner resembling the Jacobins. JAGOBIT'ICAL, a. Relating to the •Tacobites. J ACOBIT'ICALLY, adv. In a manner resembling tiie Jacobites. JA'€OBS MEiMBRANE, n. In atmt., tlie thin external membrane of the re- tiiia, considered by Dr. Jacob as a serous membrane. JACONET,)/!, [add.] A light soft JACONET', ) muslin of an open tex- ture, used for dresses, neckcloths, &c. It is intermediate to cambric and lawn. JA€TA'TION,t n. Act of throwing; agitation of the body for exercise; the exercise of riding in some kind of vehicle. [Tetnple.] JAe'ULATOR.n. [add.] SecToxoTES. JAGG, n. A prick, as of a pin or thorn. [Scotch.] JAG'GER, n. A jagging-iron, — whicli JAG'GER, n. A pedlar. \Scolcli.] JAG'GHERRY, n. Same as Jagoert, — v^hich see. JAG'GING-IRON, n. [add.] It con- sists of a brass wheel with a notched or jagged edge. JAG'HIRDAR, )«. In the East Iiidk.^, JAGHIRDAH', j a person holding a jaghire. JAGS, ) ». Saddle-bags ; a cloak-bag ; JAUGS,j pedlars' wallets. [Scotch.] JAG'UAR, n. [add.] The Felis onca. JATL'-KEEFER, n. One who keeps a ,iail ; a jailer. JAL'APIN, ) n. A basic resin, which JAL'APINE, j is the purgative prin- ciple of the jalap-root. JAL'OUSE,) V. i. or t. To suspect; to JAL'OOSE,) guess. [Scotch.] JALOUSIE', n. [Fr.] A wooden frame or blind for shading from the stuishine, fixed to the exterior of the window ; much used in tropical and hot countries. 223 JAMAI'CA BARK, v. The bark of the Cinchona caribaa, whici) grows in Ja- maica. It is a substitute for Peruvian bark. JAMaI'CA kino, n. In meet., an ex- tract prepared fi-om the bark of the Coccnloba uvrfera, or sea-side grape of the West Indies. JAMB, V. t. [add.] In mech., to fix by pressure. JAM'BES,+ n. [Fr. jamhc, the le^.] n Blit Jninli ftiiii Solleret, 15Ui century. Armour for the legs, sometimes maE-\>-. JAS'POID, a. [Ft. jaspe, and Gr. i,S«, resemblancerj Resembling jasper. JASSA, n. A genus of amphipodous crustaceans. JATROPHie ACID, n. Crotonic acid, — tchich see. JAUD, n. A jade; amarc. [Sco(c?i.J JACNEING, ppr. Jaunting ; hurriedly moving. [SAaA.J JAW, n. [add.] Jawsofagafforboom, in sea Ian., the part which embraces the mast. JAW, n. A wave; a considerable quan- tity of any liquid ; petulant loquacity ; coarse raillery. [i> otch.] JAW'-BONE, n. The bone in which the teeth are tised. JAWING, ppr. Undulating; talking loquaciously. [5co/c/i.] JAWK'IN, ppr. Dallj-ing; trifling. [Scolc.'i-] JAW'-ROPE, ». In ships, a rope at- tached to the jaws of a gaff, to prevent it from coming off the mast. JAWS, n. lu ships, the semicircular ends of booms or gaffs, which embrace the after-part of the mast. JAY, H. [add.] The common jay is the Garruhis glandarius, Cuv. ; the blue jay is the G. crisiatus, a native of North America, and considerably smaller than the European jay. JAZ'ERINE.t \n- A jacket JESS'ERAUNT,t ) strengthened with plate. [See Jazerant.] ' JEALOUS, V. i. or t. (pron. jal'oose.) i To suspect ; to guess. [Scotch.] i JE.\L'OUSIES, II. A kind of window- blinds. [See Jalousie in this Supple- ment.] , , JEAN, n. [add.] A twilled cotton cloth. —Satin- jean is woven smooth and glossv, after the manner of satin. JEE, i'. I. or «. To move ; to stir ; to move to one side ; to budge. [Scotch.] JEEDUING, ppr. Judging. [Scotch.^ JEEL, ». See Jheel in this Supp. JEERS, n. See J ears. JEIST it'OR, In. [Fr. juste au corps] JUST leO.lT, j A jacket or waist- coat with sleeves. [Scotch.] JELLY-FISH, II. The popular name used to designate the different marine substances forming that branch of the Radiata which is comprised in the order Acalei^ha. JEM lb.A.R, n. A native officer m the .\nglo-Indian army having the rank of lieutenant. JEN'NY-ASS, n. The female ass. JEOFAIL, n. (jcf-faU.) [add.] Statutes ofjeo.fail, the statutes of amendment whereby slips and mistakes in legal proceedings are rectified under certain circumstaiices. JERKED', n. A wooden javelin, about five feet long, used in Persia and Tur- key; also, an animated and graceful game, or mimic battle, in which tin-ow- ing blunted jereeds is practised, to » itiiess many an active deed, "Witii salire keen or h\\\ni jereeJ. B'.run. JER-FAL'CON,n. Ihe Falco gyrfalco, the boldest and most beautiful of the falcon tribe, approaching in size nearly to that of the osprey. It is a native of 224 Jci-falcoii, Fatco gyrfulco. rapacious birds, and the most esteemed for falconry. JERG'UER, \n. An officer of the cus- JERQUER, f toms, whose duty it is to clieck the landing-waiters books. JERG'UING, \n. Jerguing a vessel, is JERQ TING, ) a term applied to a search for unentered goods, performed by an officer of custom after the ves- sel is unloaded. JERK, V. t. [add.] To cut into long thin pieces, and dry, as beef. JER'VIA, n. A basic crystalline sub- stance obtained from the root of the white hellebore {Veratrum a/tiim), and of w hich the Spanish name is jervei, rendered jenia by chemists. JESTES,! n. plur. for Gests. Exploits. [ Chaucer. '\ JEST'ING-BE.AM, n. A beam intro- duced foi' appearance, and not for use. JES UIT, II. [add.] A crafty person ; an intriguer. JES'UITS'-DROPS, v.. Friars'-balsam ; the compound tincture of benzoin of the Pharmacopceia. JES'niTS'-FOWDER, n. Powdered cinchona-bark. JET, n. [add.] A channel or tube for introducing melted metal into a mould. Among old icriters. drift, scope, gist. JET'-BLACK, a. Of the deepest black ; of the colour of jet. JET TINESS, n. Qualityof being jetty; blackness. JETTON, n. [Fr. a piece of metal or ivorv ; a counter.] A piece of brass, or other metal, with a stamp, used in playing cards ; a counter. JEW EL-BLOCKS, n. In ships, small blocks suspended from the extremities of any yard-arm to lead the studding- sail halyards through. JEW'ELLER'S-PUTTY, n. Ignited and finely-levigated oxide of tin, used by jewellers for polishing hard objects. JEW'ERIE,+ II. JewTy; a district in- habited by the Jews. [Chaucer.] JEW'ISE,t n. [Corruption of Fr. jus- tice.] Judgment; punishment. [Chau- cer,] JHEEL, In. In the East Indies, a lake, JEEL, ) or pond; a marsh, or piece of shallow- muddy water. Jcels are full of rushes, conferva, docks, and duck- weed; thev are generally replete with various kinds of small fish, and often harbour alligators, or form visiting- places for these reptiles. .TiBE, ) V. t. In sea Ian., to shift a fore- GIBE,j and -aft sail, as the wind 1 changes, from one side of the vessel to JOG-TROT JOINT-LIVES JUB.VLTARE the other, or as the changhig of the course may render it necessary. JIBE. See Gibe and Gybe. JIG'GER, 7J. [add.] A small square sail on a mast and boom at the stern of a boat. — Also, the common name of the chigoe {Pule.r pejietrans), a ilea whicii penetrates the feet of persons in the AVest Indies and in South America. JIG'GLE, V. i. To practise affected or awlrtvard motions ; to wriggle. JIG'JOG, 11. A julting motion; a jog; a push. » JIL'LET, «. A giddy girl; a gill-flirt. [Scoirh.] JILLS, n. Cups of metal. [Shah,] JIMP, a. [add.] Short; scanty. [Scotch.] JIMP LY, \adi\ Barely; scarcely; JIMP, ; hardly. [Scotch.] JIMSON, n. In the l/jiited States, the popular name of the plant Datura st?'amonium. [See Datura.] JINGALL', 71. In the East Indies, a light gun mounted on a carriage, easily borne by two men. JINK, V. f. To elude a person who is trying to lay hold of one; to cheat; to trick; to make a quick turn; to escape; to avoid ; to make a quick motion like tliat of the elbow in playing on the fiddle. [Scotch.] JINK, H. A quick illusory turn; the act of eluding another. [Scotch ] JINK'ETING - ABOUT. Gadding about. [Scotch.] JIN'NEE, In. In Mahometan myth., JINN, plur. \ one of the genii angels, or demons. [These are fabled to be descended from Jan, and to have been created some thousands of years before Adam. Arabic writers hold that the jinn are aerial animals, with transparent bodies, which can assume various forms. The jinn consist of tive classes: — Jan; jinn (proper); sheytans; ibiees or eblis, or devils; efreets [or afritsj and marids. —E. W. Lane.] JIU'BLING, \ppr. Pouringout;spil- JAIR'BLING, j" ling any liquid by making it move from one side to the other in the vessel that contains it [Scotch.] JO, Xn. phir. Joes. A sweetheart. JOE, j" [Scotch.] JOB, n. [add.] An undertaking set on foot for the purpose of some private, unfair, or unreasonable emolument or benefit. JOB, \v. i. To chide; to reprimand. JOBE, f A cant word used in tfte Eng- lish universities. JOBA'TION, H. A scolding; a long tedious reproof. [Vulgar.] JOB'BER, n. [add.] One who buys or sells cattle for others. [The -Ith sig- nification of this word appears to be of American origin.] JO€E'LET,t ) n. [Sax.] A little farm or JOKE'LET,t f manor; a yokelet. JO€'ONDE,t a. Jocund; joyous; pleasant. [Chaucer.] JOGE'LOUR,t n. (jog'lour.) A juggler. [Chaucer.] JOG'GLE, V. t. [add.] To jostle; to form a joint in masonry. [See the Koun.] JOG'GLE, V. i. To push; to shake; to totter. JOG'GLE, n. [add.] In shipbuilding, a notch in tJie edge of a plank wliich ad- mits tlie narrow butt of another. The ends of paddle-beam iron knees, out- side, have also notches called joggles, which act as a stop to the diagonal iron stay extended between the arm of each knee. JOG'-TROT, n. A slow motion on horseback ; a particular mode of opera- tion to whicli one pertinaciously ad- heres. [Scotch.] JOHN-A-NOKES, n. [John at the oaks.] A fictitious name made use of in law proceedings. It is, as well as John- a-stiles, which usually attends it, a sub- ject of humorous distinction by several writers. J0HN'-€ROW VULTURE, n. The local name in Jamaica for the turkey- buzzard. JOHN DOE, n. In laxo proceedings, the name formerly given to the fictitious les- see of the plaintiff in the mixed action of ejectment; but he was sometimes called Ooodtitie. The fictitious defendant in this action was called Richard Roe. JOHN'NY-€AKE, n. In America, a cake made of the meal of maize, mixed with water, and baked on the hearth. JOHNSONIANISM, n. A peculiar word or manner of Johnson. JOHN'S'-WORT, K. 5ec Saint JoHN's- WORT. JOHN-TO-WHIT, n. A common fly- catcher in the West Indies, so called from its note resembling tiie words. It is the Vireosgloia olisacea. JOIN, V. t. [add.] To accumulate into one mass or sum. JOIN'ANT,t pi-r. [Fr.] Joining. [Chancer.] JOIN'DER,n. [add.] Joinder in action, the coupling of two or more persons or matters in a suit or proceeding, as where a plaintifl* joins a claim of deht on bond with a claim of debt on simple contract, and pursues Iiis remedy for both by the same action of debt. — Joinder in plead- ing, the accepting of the issue, and the mode of trial tendered, either by de- murrer, error, or issue in fact, by the opposite party. JOINE,tu.i.[Fr.]Toenjoin.[C7m«cer.] JOIN'ERY, n. [add.] The work of a joiner. JOIN'ING, n. A hinge; a joint; junc- ture. JOIN'ING-HAND, n. Same as Join- Hand, — ivhich see. JOINT, 7i. [add.] In gcol., joints are the fissures or lines of parting m rocks, often at right angles to the planes of stratification. The partings which di- vide columnar basalt into prisms are joints. JOINT, r. t. [add-] In joinery, to straighten and smooth the edges of boards which are to be joined, so that they may unite closely. JOINT, V. i. To coalesce as joints, or as parts mutually fitted to one another; as, stones cut so as to joint into each other. JOINT' -ACTIONS, n. In laic, are where several persons are equally con- cerned, and the one cannot bring the action, or cannot be sued, without the other. In personal actions several wrongs may be joined in one writ; but actions founded upon a tort or a con- tract cannot be joined. JOINT'-FIAT, n. In law, a fiat issued against two or more trading partners by a joint creditor. JOINT'-LIVES, n. A phrase in insur- ance and annuities, wlien the calcula- tion is founded on the contingency of one life dropping before another. Thus assurances are made for the benefit of survivors, by paying an annual premium during the continuance of two jonit lives, the sum insured to be paid to the surviving party when either of the lives shall drop. JOINT'-STOCK BANK, 71. An asso- ciation having a stock or fund formed by tlie union of several shares from different persons, for the purpose of receiving and letting out money to in- terest. Joint-stock banks are regu- lated by the Act 7 and 8 Vict., c. 113. JOL'IE,t a. Jolly.— Jo/ie Robin, the name of a dance. [Chaucer.] JOL'iF,ta.[Fr.] Jolly; joyful. [Chau- cer.] JOLLIFIGA'TION, n. A scene of mer- riment, mirth, or festivity. [Colloq. or vulgar.] JOL'LY, a. [add.] Handsome. [Sp.^n- scr.] JOL'LYHEAD,t «• A state of jollity. [Spenser.] JOM'BRE.f V. t. (jom'ber.) To jumble. [Chancer.] JONG'LERIE, for JANG'LERIE, n. Idle talk. [See Janglk.] [Chaucer.] JOR'DANES,t n. plur. [Sax. ^or, filth, and den, a couch.] Chamber-utensils. [Chancer.] JOS'SA,t interj. [Formed partly from Fr. qa !] Come hither ! [Chaucer.] JOUGS, n. An instrument of punish- ment formerly used in Scotland, consisting of an iron collar which surrounded the neck of the criminal, and was fastened to a wall or tree by an iron chain. It formed the corres- ponding Scottish judi- cial implement to the English stocks. J(>UISSAUNCF/,t n. \¥v.jouissance.] Enjoy- ment ; joy ; mirth. [Spenser.] JOUNCE,t V. t. To jolt ; to shake ; to jaunce. JOUNCE,t n. A jolt; a shake. JOUR'NAL-BOOK, n. A book for making daily records. JOUR'NALIST, V. [add.] The con- ductor of a public journal. JOUR'NEE,f 7?. [Fr.] Aday's journey ; a day's work. [Chaucer.] JOUST'ER, ?i. One who jousts or takes part in a joust. JOUSTES,t n. plur. Jousts or justs. [Chaurcr.] JOUYSAUNCE',t n. Same as Jouis- saunoe. [iS'pe/JAe/*.] JoVE, n. [add.] In alchemy, the metal tin. JO'VIAL, a. [add.] In alchemu, a. ievn\ applied to the preparations of tin. JO'VISjf n. [See Jove.] Jupiter. I Chaucer.] JOW, V. i. To move from side to side; to toll, as a liell.— To jow in, to be rung in that quick mode which is meant to intimate that the ringing is near a close, or that the meeting tlms called is to be opened without delay. JOW, V. t. To move; to toll a large bell by the motion of its tongue; to ring. [Scotch.] JOW'ARY, 7\ In the East Indies, the name given to the millet, IIolcus Sor- ghum or Sorghum vulgare. JOW'ELESjf 71. plur. Jewels. [Chau- cer.] JOW'ING, n. The swinging noise or toUing of a large bell. JOWK'ERY-PACK'ERY, n. Sly, jug- gling tricks. [Scotch.] JOYE,t v.t [Fr.] To enjoy. [Cha7icer.] JUBAL'TARE,t H. Gibraltar. [Chau- rcr. I Jougs. JULID^ JURASSIC SYSTE.M JUSTICE JUBBE,t n. A bottle ; a vessel for hold- ini; ale or wine. [Chiiucer.] JUBE, n. [Fr. jtibe.] Tlie rood, loft, or ^Uerv into the choir. JU'DAIST, n. An adherent to Jil- d.aisni. JU'DEX, n. [L.] A judse. J UD6E, n. Instead of " siiteen judges," read fifteen judges. JUDGE'-.iDVOeATE, n. 5ee Advo- cate. JDDI'CIAL. a. [add.] Juduiu! ads, statutes giving summary power to jus- tices of the peace ; and that certain acts shall only be valid if done by two magistrates.— J'Mi/t'eini authority, the power of a judge. — Jtnticial committee of the privi/ councit, a tribunal estab- lished in its present form by 2 and i Wm. IV., and subsequent acts, for the disposal of appeals and such other mat- ters as the queen in council may refer to them. .fUDI"CIOUS, a. [add.] Judicial. IShah.] JU'D Y, K. The name given to the male of the black shrike in Jamaica ; the female of it is called mountain-dich. It is tlie Tityra leuconotus of naturalists. JU'UA, n. plur. [From L. jugitm, a yoke, a pair of anything, a ridge.] In but., a name given to the elevated portions by which the carpels of umbelliferous plants are traversed; of these j«ya, five are called primary, and four alternating with them, secondary. JU(5E,t n. [Fr.] A judge. [Chaucer.] JUGGERNAUT, I ;i. [Hind, jaya- JUG'GURNAUT, f naMa, lord of the world.] A Hindoo idol, one of the incarnations of Vishnu. The temple in which this idol is placed is situated in the province of Orissa, and is a huge sort of pyramidal tower, 2U0 feet high. Vast numbers of pilgrims, at the time of the festivals of Juggernaut, assemble from all quarters of India to pay their devotions at his shrine. On these oc- casions, the idol, along with two others, his brother and sister, is mounted on a monstrous cai' resting on sixteen wheels, which is drawn by the pilgrims ; and it is said that great numbers of the con- gregated people were wont to throw themselves under the wheels, and were thus crushed to death, the victims be- lieving that by suffering this sort of death they should be immediately con- veyed to heaven. This horrid practice, however, is now of nmch rarer occur- rence. JUG'GLING, n. [add ] Trickery ; de- ceit. JUG'LANS, n. The walnut, a genus of plants, so called because the nut was consecrated to Jupiter, or Jovis-glans. [See Jl'Gla.\d.icej!, and Walnut.] JUG ULATOR, H. A cnt-throat or murderer. JUGUM,n. [L.5«Jt0A in thisSi/;>i) ] In hot., a name given to a pair of oppo- site leaflets on the petiole of a pinnato leaf. JUlL.t n. The mouth of July. [CAoM- cer. ] JU'JUBE, n. [add.] The term jujube, or jujube-paste, is now applied to an e.tpectorant made of gum-arabic, sv\ ect- ened and flavoured so as to resemble the jujube fruit. JU'LID..!;, n. A family of myriapodous insects, w hich live on decaying vegetable matter ; so called from the typical genus Julus. Several species are found in this country. They form part of the group Chilognatha of Latreille. JU'LIS, H. [add.] A genus of acanthop- terygian fishes, belonging to the family Labrid:p. Several species are found in the Mediterranean Sea. as well as in the tropics; they are small fishes, with bril- liant colours, and have the head void of scales. JUJIP, V. i. [add] To jump at, to em- brace or accept with eagerness; as, I made him an offer, and he jumped at it. [Colloq, or vulgar.] — To jump a body, in Shah., signifies to risk it. JUMP, K. [add.] In arch., an abrupt rise in a level course of brickwork or masonry, to accommodate the work to the ineqnalitv of the ground. JUMP-COUPLING, n. In miU-ical. JURID'IfAL DAYS.n. Days in court on which tlie laws are administered. JU'RINITE,H. An ore of titanium found in Dauphinv. JURISCONSULT, n. [add.] One who gives his opinion in cases of law; a civilian. JURISDICTION, n. [add.] Tribunal; court of justice. — An authority which a coiu-t of law or equity has to decide matters that are litigated before it, or questions that are tried before it. JURISPRU'DENCE, n. [add.] Genaal jurisprudence, the science or philosophy of positive law-, as distinguished from particular jurisprudence, or the know- ledge of the law of a determinate na- tion. General juri.iprudence is not concerned directly ^vith the science of legislation, but with principles and dis- tinctions which are common to varioui systems of particxdar and positive law, and which each of those various sys- tems inevitably involves. By the older wTiters it was termed the law of na- tttre. — Medical jurisprudence, forensic medicine, — which see in this Supp. JUROR'S BOOK, n. A list of persons qualified to serve on juries. JURTE',JUKT',YURT',orYOURT', n. The name given to the habitations of the native tribes of Siberia. JU'RY-BOX, n. The place in a court where the jury sit. JU'RY-PKOCESS, n. The writ for the summoning of a jury. JU'RY-RIGGED, pp. Kiggedinatem- porary manner. JU'RY-RUDDER, n. A temporary sort of rudder employed in ships, when an accident has befallen the original one. JUS, n. [add.] Jus ad rem, an inchoate and imperfect right ; such as a parson promoted to a living acquires by nomi- nation and institution. — Jus civile, the whole system of the Roman laws. — Jus commune, the common-law.— */"m* in re, a complete and full right. JUST, adv. [add] Immediately; im- mediately before. JUSTE-AU-CORPS', n. [Fr.] A close body coat. JUSTE-MILIEU', n. (zhQst-mil-yu'.) [Fr. the exact centre between two ob- jects.] That method of administrating government which consists in main- taining itself by moderation and conci- liation between the extreme parties on either side. The title juste-milieu was likewise specifically applied, in French politics, to the government which suc- ceeded to the government of July, 1830; and likewise to a party during the reign of Louis Philippe u ho claimed to hold the exact middle oint between the old monarchical and the republican prin- ciples. JUST'ICE, n. [add.] All the judges of the superior courts are sometimes called justices, but the word is now chiefly employed to designate those petty ma- gistrates, commonly ca]\ed justices of the peace. — iLords-justices, persons former- ly appointed by the sovereign to act for a time as his substitute in the supreme government, either of the whole king- dom, or of a part of it. Thus, when George I. went abroad, in May, 1719, he intrusted the government during his absence to 13 lords-justices; and 11> KALEIDOPHONE KEU KEEN lords-justices and guardians were also appointed ivl]en GeorKo IV. went to Hanover, in 1821. The lord-lieuten- ant of Ireland is a familiar e.xample of a lord eliief -justice.— A judse.rc/iaucfr.l JUST-ICEMENTS.t '•■ All things ap' pertaining to justice. JUSTI'CIA, 71. [From J. Justice, the name of an eminent horticulturist.] An extensive, interesting, and orna- mental genus of Howering plants, nat. order Acanthacea;. Some of the spe- cies are said to possess antispasmodic qualities, and others are valued for their tonic properties. JUSTrCIAK, w. An officer instituted by William the Conqueror ; a lord chief- justice. JUST1"CIAKY,». [add.] The office of chief justiciary was one of high impor- tance iu the early history of English jurisprudence. The ciiiif justiciari/ presided in the king's court, and in the exchequer, and his authority extended over all other courts. Ho was fa'- officio regent of the kingdom in the king's absence. The office was abo- lished in the reign of Henry III. JUST'IFieATIVE, instead of JUS- TIFICATIVE. JUST'IFICATOK, instead of JUS- TIFICATOK. JUSTTFIfATOKS, «. In /,/«•, a kind of compurgators, or those that by oalli justified the innocence or oaths of others, as in the case of waging at law JUSTIFICATORY, instead of JUS- TIF'ICATOKY. JUST'IFIED, pp. Made the victim of justice ; condemned ; hanged. [Scotch 1 JUSTIFY, V. t. [add.] To prove; to verify ; to establish ; as, to jii.'riifi/ one a traitor [Shah.] ; to jtistify the" truth of an observation. [Aildison.] JUSTIFY, ) I., t. To punish with JUST'IF IE, ) death ; to judge ; to con- demn. [Scotch.] JUST;1FYING, ». [add.] Juslifyimj bail, in law, the process of proving the sufficiency of bail or sureties in point of property, &c. JUSTIN'IAN, a. Belonging to the code of laws instituted by the Koman em- peror Justinian. JUSTIN'IANIST, n. \ civilian; one who studies the civil-law. JUS'TLE, n. (jus'I.) Shock; slight en- counter. JUS'TLING, n. Shock; act of rushing against, JUST NO'W, adv. Now; presently; immediately, JCTE, 71. A fibrous substance resem- bling hemp, imported from India. It is yielded by the plants Corchonis olito- rius and C. capsiduiis, and from it is niadc gnnney-cloth. In this country :t is used in the manufacture of stair and Juto, Corihcrnts capstilftris. Other carpets, bagging for cotton and other goods, and such like fabrics, JUT'TINGI.Y, arfu, Projectingly, JU'VENAL, n. A youth ; a young man. [Shah.] JUVENA'LIA, n. pliir. Certain games among the Konians, instituted for the health of youth, JUXTAPOS'lT, i), ;. To place con- tiguous or near. K. IvAF'FLE, n. A slave-caravan in Africa. KAIL, n. [add.] To give one his hail through the reeh, to give him a severe reproof; to subject one to .i complete scolding. [Scotch.] KAIL'-BLADE, n. .V colewoit -leaf. [Scotch.] KAIL' -WORM, ». A caterpillar. [Scotch.] KAIL'-YARD, n. .V cabbage-garden. I Scotch.] KAIM, ) !.'. t. To comb. [Scotch.] I, \n. A comb; a honey-comb. E, f [Scot ■ ■ KAME, KAIM, KAME, ; [Scotch.] K.-VIM, n. A low ridge; the crest of a hill; a camp or fortress, [Scotch.] KAK'ODULE, ) «. [add.] Bunsen has KAK'ODYLE, ( succeeded in obtain- ing_ this radical in a separate state. It is a clear liquid, refracting light strongly. Its smell is insupportably oft'ensive, and its vapour is highly poisonous. It is spontaneously inflam- mable in air, Alkarsine is the prot- oxide of kakodvle, KAK'(JPLATYLE, n. [From hahodyh; and plutimim.] An hypothetical radical, which maybe represented as composed of protoxide of platinum, water, and kakodyle. It contains two metals, platinum and arsenic, KAKOX'ENE, instead of KAK'OX- ENE, KALEIDOPHONE,;!. [Or ;»»;.5, beau- tiful, tiSof, form, and ^mn, sound.] An in- strument invented by Sir. Wheatstone for exhibiting the vibrations of an elas- tic rod. If an elastic rod, fixed at one end, and having the fiee end sur- mounted with a polished knob, be set a vibrating by a blow, or by bending it, beautiful curves of vibration will be exhibited to the cje. KALEIDOSCOPIC, a. Relating to the kaleidoscope, KAL'ENDER.t n, A calendar; a guide or director, [Chaucer.] KAL'ENDES.t «• The first day of each month ; the beginning of anything, [See CALENDS,] [Chaucer.] KALLIFTHOR'GAN, n. [Gr, ^.^n.f- flcjjcf, and e^yeticv.] A musical instru- ment played as a piano, and producing an effect equivalent to a violin, tenor, violoncello, and double bass, in conceit, KA'LOTYPE, H, See Calotvpe, KAL'SOMINE, n. A kind of paint, without oil, used on the walls of rooms, ceilings, tifec, KAM'SIN, n. A hot southerly wind in Egypt ; the simoom. KAME, n. See Kain. KAOLIN, or KA OLINE, K AR'STENITE, w, A synonjme of an- hydrite, — u-kich see. KATE, n. A local name for the bram- bling tinch {FriiujiUa vioritifriiujilla). K ATHETOMETER, u. [From =,i3.,«, perjiendicular height, and f^iii^-.v, tliat by which anything is uitasuicd,] An instrument extensively used by modern physicists in their investigations, for the purpose of measuring small ditler- ences of vertical heights, KATHODE, n. See Catiiodf. KA'TION, n. See Cation.^, KA'TYDID, n. An orthopterous insect, a species of grCiSsho\ypevlPlaii/phyllum concavum), found in the United States, Its song is often alluded to by the American poets, KAWN, n. [add,] A khan. KAY, n. See Cay in this Suj'p. KAY'NAKD^t ». [Fr. eoumrd.] A lazy cowardly person ; a rascal. [Chauar.] KEI5, V. i. To cast lamb; to lose a lamb, as a ewe. [Scotch.] KEB, ji. A ewe that has brought forth immaturely, or has lost her lamb ; the tick or sheep-louse. [Scotch.] KEB'BACK,) KEB'BOCK, [ n, A cheese. [Scotch.] KEB BUCK,) KEB'BIE, 71. A cudgel ; a club ; a rough walking-stick with a hooked head, [Siotch.] KEB-EWE, n. See Keb in this Siipp. KEB'LAH, /', The point to\\ard which jMahometans lUrn their faces in prayer, being the diiection of the temple at Mecca, KECK'LING, V. Among seamen, the operation of twining small or old ropes about a cable or bolt-rope, to prevent it from being fretted by friction against a rocky bottom, ice, &e. Also, the material used for this operation, KEDG'EK, n, A small anchor; a kedge, KEEK'ING- GLASS, n, A looking- glass, [Stotch.] KEEK'IT, w). Peeped. [Scotch.] KEEL, 77. Ruddle ; red chalk ; soft stone for marliing sheep. [Scotch.] KEEL, V. t. [.add. j To heel owr, to cap- size or upset. KEEL, V. t. To niaik with ruddle. [Scotch.] KEEL'-BOAT, H. A large covered boat with a keel but no sails, used on Ameri- can rivers for the transpoitation of freight.— 2. [See Keel, No. 2.] KEEL'EK, n. [add.] A tub for holding stuff for calking ships ; a keelman. KEEL'IVINE, ) n. A pencil of KEEL'YVINK-PEN,) black or red lead. [Scotch.] KEEL'SON, n. [add ] False heel.wn, a piece of timber wrought longitudinally over the top of the true keelson KEEN, a. [add.] Acute of mind ; shar]i ; penetrating. KERATOPHYLLITE KHARATCH KIMiMER KEEP, v. i. [add.] To keep from, to ab- stain; to refrain. KEEP, n. [add.] Food ; subsistence ; keeping. — Charge ;tiock; as, he brought a sacrifice of his keep. [Spenser.] KEEPER, n. [add.] Keeper of a magnei, a piece of soft iron whicli is placed in contact with the poles of a magnet when not in use. It tends, by induc- tion, to maintain, and even increase the power of the magnet. — In mecli., a key which admits of being readily inserted and removed at pleasure. KEESH. n. In metallurgUy a name for the flakes of carburet of iron which sometimes cover the surface of the bars of pig-iron. KEEV'ER, n. A bre^nng vessel for the liquor to work in before it is put into the cask ; a keeve. KEIGHT,t pret. of Catch, (keit.) Caught. [Spenser.] KELE,t t'. t. [Sax.] To cool. [Chaucer.'] KELT, \See Celt, Celtic; also KEL'TI€. J Celt in this Supp. KELT'ER, «. [add.] Order; ready or proper state. [Written also Kilter.] K EL'TY, ) n. A large glass or bumper, KEL'TIE, f imposed as a tine on those who, as it is expressed, do not drink fair. — Totakckeltie^s mends, woi to Av\nk fair cup-out, in order to be fined in a bum- per. — Cleared heltte aff, a plirase used to denote that one's glass is quite empty, previoustodrinking a bumper. [.9cc>fcA.] KEMB'ED.t )i);>. [Sax.] Combed; KEMP'ED.t ; decked. [Oiaucer.] liEMP, r. i. To strive or contend, in whatever way ; to strive for victory, as reapers on the harvest-field. [Scotch.] KEMP'IN, )n. Tlie act of stri%'ing for KEMP'ING, I victory, as reapers on a harvest-field, &c. [5eofcA.] KEMP'LE, n. Eorty ^nsps or bottles of straw or hay, about eight lbs. each. [Scotch.] KEND, I pret. and pp. from Ken. Knew KENT, ) or known. [Scotch.] KENE,t a. Keen. [^i^e/tJtT.] KEN'N EL-RAKER, n. A scavenger. KEN'NIN, \VP^'- Knowing. — As a KEN'NING, J noioiy acquaintance; a small portion ; a little. [Scotch.] ItEN'SPECKLE, a. Having so singular an appearance as to be easily recognized; fitted to be a gazing-stock. [Scotch.] KENT, n. A long staft* used by shep- herds for leaping over ditches and brooks ; a cudgel ; a rough walking- stick. [Scotch ] KEPE,t n, [Sax.] Care; attention. [Chaucer.] KEPEjf I", i. or t. To take care ; to care. I Chaucer.] KEPLER'S PRODLEM, n. The deter- mining the eccentric from the mean anomaly of a planet, or the determining its place in the elliptic orbit, answering to any given time. KEPT'-iMISTKESS, n. A concubine, op woman kept and maintained by a par- ticular individual as his paramour. KERAMOGRAPiriC, a. [Or. z£j«^«, potter's-clay, and rja^w to write.] A term applied to a globe, invented by Mr. Addison, which may be used as a slate for writing on. KER'ASINE, n. A name given to the chloro-carbonate of lead, a mineral of a white, gravish, or yellowish colour. KER'ATOME, n. [Gr. xi^^xt, the cor- nea, and rtutu, to cut.] An instrument for dividing the transparent cornea, in the operation for cataract by extrac- tion. KERATOPH YLLlTE,n. [Gr. *ej«;, a horn, and t^uXhtv, a leaf.] A variety of hornblende, so named from the form of the crystals. KER'CHEF,tn. A kerchief. [Oiaucer.] KE'RI CliETIB, n. [Heb.] In philo- log;/, the name given to various read- ings in the Hebrew Bible. Ken sig- nifies that which is read, and chetib, that which is written. When various readings occur, the false reading, or chetib, is ^^Tittcn in the text, and the true reading, or keri, is wTitteu in the margin, with the letter p (= h) nnder it. KERN, n. [add.] A foot-soldier in the ancient Irish militia. — \mon^ priiiters, that part cf a type which hangs over the body or shank. KERNE, n. [See Kern.] A foot-soldier armed with a dart or shean ; a vaga- bond or sturdy beggar; a freebooter. [Scotch.] — A ciuirl or farmer. [Spen- ser.] KER'NELS,t7i. Crenelles; battlements. [Chaucer.] KER'ODON, n. [Gr. «£a^ a heart, and e3oy;, a tooth.] A South American genus of rodents, allied to the Cavies, and about the size of a guinea-pig. KERS,f 1 H. [Sax. cerse or cterse.] KERSE.t ( Water-cresses. — Neraught he not a hers, he cared not a cress. [Chancer.] KER'SEYiMERE, n. [add.] A twilled woollen cloth ; more usually written Cassimere. This manufacture is said to have obtained its name from the position of its original factory on the merCjOV miry brook, which runs through the village of Kersey, in Suffolk. KESSE,t i\ t. To kiss. [Chancer.] KE^i:.-\ pret. oi Cast. Cast. [Spense)\] ICESTK,t pret. Kissed. [Chaucer.] KES'TRELL,t n. [See Kestrel.] A bastard kind of hawk. [Spenser. \ KES'TRELL,t a. Bastard; base. [Spenser.] KETCH, n. [add.] A hangman. [See Jack-Ketch.]— In Shak., a cask. KETCHE,t V. t. To catch. [Chancer.] KET'TLE-IIAT, ?}. The iron hat of a knight in the middle ages. Also ap- plied to the leather burgonet. KETT'RIN, n. See Cateran in this Supp. KEU'PER, 72. In geol., the German name for a member of the upper new red sandstone formation. KEV'EL, n. A species of antelope found in Africa. It is similar to the gazelle in its manners and habits. KEV'EL, n. [add.] Kccels also serve for belaying the lower and top-sail braces, and other great ropes. The word is also written Cavil. KEV'ERE,t I'. /. [Fr.] To cover; to recover. [Chaucer.] KEY, 7t. [add.] A state of mind ; as, when in a pleasant kei/. — An instru- ment with which a stringed musical instrument is tuned ; a tuning hammer. [Shah.] — In wfec/iflHiw, a name common to all fixing wedges. KEY'HOLE-LlMPETS,« Shellsofthe genus Eissurella are so called, from the apex being perforated like a kejhole. KEY'-NOTE, n. In 7nusic,the funda- mental note or tune, to wiiich the whole of a movement has a certain relation or bearing, to which all its modulations are referred and accommodated, and in which, if the movement is regular, it both begins and ends. KEY'SER'SPlLL,7i. A mercurial medi- cine, of which the active ingredient is acetate of mercury. KUaR'ATCH, 7}. A tax which the ^2S grant2-s8ignior exacts from his Chris- tian subjects in Turkey. KIBIT'KA. n. A Tartar or Russian vehicle, consisting of a frame of wood roimded at top, covered with felt or A Siimrr.iT KiMtl-i. leather, and placed on wheels, serv- ing as a kind of movable habitation. It is used for travelling in winter. KIB'LINGS, 7J. Parts of small fish used by fishermen for bait on the banks of Newfoundland. KICHET,t 7L [Sax.] A little cake. [Chaucer.] KICK, r. t. [add.] To hick up a row or a dnstf to create a disturbance. [Collog.] — To kick one, or give film the kick, is colloquially said of a lady who jilts or discards her lover. KICK'SY-WICK'SY, ?i. A man's wife in contemj^t, between whom and her husband kicks or winks pass, as the humour happens. KICK'UP, n. The negroes of Jamaica call the water-thrush (Seiui'us) by that name, from its habit of jerking its tail, after the fashion of our wag-tail. KID, 7?. [add.] A small wooden tub or vessel; applied, among seamen, to one in which tliey receive their food — In America, a large box in fishing -vessels, into which fish are thrown as they arc caught. RID,t Xj^ret. and pp. of Kithe or KIDDE,t I Ki/the. Made known ; dis- covered. [Chaucej:] KID'NAPPIN G, 7i. [add.] Kiduappingis a felony, and is punishable by transpor- tation for seven years, or imprisonment for any term not exceeding two years. KIDST.f [See Kii>, v. t.] Knowest [Spenser.] KIKE,t r. t. To kick. [Chaucer.] KIKEKUNEJM'ALO, 71. The name given to a pure resin simikir to copal, but of a more beautiful whiteness and trans- pai'ency. It is brought from America, and forms the most beautiful of all the varnishes. KILKEN'NY COAL, 77. Anthracite coal. KIL'LAS,n.[add.] Clay-slate; so called by the Cornish minors. KILI/DEER, 71. The American name of a small bird of the plover kind, the Chu7'adrins voci/erus; so called from its note resembling the word repeated, KILL'HERB, n. A parasitical plant; broom-rape. KIL'LIGREW, 7(. A local name for the Cornisli chough {Fregilus graculus). KIL'LING, pi>r. or a. [add.] Danger- ous; heart-breaking; as, a killing beauty, killing eyes. KIL'LING, 71. A deprivation of life. KILL-LOG'IE, n. Kiln -fireplace. [Scotch.] KIL'OMETRE, instead of KILOM- ETRE. KILT'ER, n. See Kelteb. KIM'MEK, n. A gossip; an idle gos- siping girl. Also written Cummer. [Scotch.] KINKAJOD KIT KNEE KIM'MERIDGE €LAY, instead of KIMMEIIIDGE CLAY. KIN', ?i. or a. Kind. \Scotch.] KIN'BOTE, n. |Sax.l Compensation for the murder of a kinsman. KIND, «. [add.] Natural. [Shak.] KIND, ». [add.] Kindly atfections. [Shak.] — In hindy with something of the same sort or nature; as, to pay one in kind. KlNBE,t n. [See Kind.] Kindred. \Siienser.] KlND'ER, adu. In a manner; as it were. [Amei'ican vulgarism^] KIND'-GALLOWS, n. The name by which the gallows at Crieff was desig- nated; but for what reason does not appear. [Scotch.] KiNDHEART'EDNESS, n. Kindness of heart. KIN'DLE, V. t. [add.] To instigate. [Shah.] KIN'DLE, V. i. [add.] To become ani- mated; as, to kindle into life, to glow with vivid colours. [Tlwmson.] KlND'LY,arfy.[add.]Naturally.L5AaA.] KINEMAT'ICS,) n.[Gr.«ma. tomove.] KINETICS, ) A term recently in- troduced into mechanics, to denote that part of the science which treats of motion, without reference to the forces producing it. — Kinematic curves are such as are produced by machinery ; called also mechanical curves, in con- tradistinction to algebraic or mathe- matical curves. KING-AT-ARMS. See King. KING'-CRAB, H. For "i\IoUusca,"read Molucca. — Oui" British thornback-crab (Maia squinadu), is often also called the king-crab. KING'- GELD, n. A royal aid; an escuaire. KING'LET, «. [add.] The golden-crest- ed wren is often also so called. KING'-MULLET, n. A fish found in the seas around Jamaica, and so called from its beauty. It is the Upeneus maculatus of naturalists. KING'S'- BENCH PRISON, n. See Queen's Prison in this Supjy. KINGS' LETTER. -S'ee Brief in tliis Siipp. KING'S' SILVER, n. The money which was paid to the king in the court of common-pleas, for a license granted to a man to levy a fine of lands, tene- ments, or hereditaments, to another person; and this must have been com- pounded according to the value of the land, in the alienation-oliice, before the fine would pass. KING'S'TON, n. A name sometimes given to the angel-fish {Squafina an- gelus). KING'S' WIDOW, n. A widow of the king's tenant-in-chief, who was obliged to take oath in chancery that she would not marry without the king's leave. KING'-VUL'TURE, n. The Sarcoram- phus papQy of the intertropical regions of America, belonging to the family Vulturidjc. It is about two feet and a half in length, and upwards of five feet across the expanded wings. The other vultures are said to stand quietly by until this, their monarch, has finished his repast. KINK, 7). A fit of coughing; an immo- derate fit of laughter. [Scotch.] KINK, V. i. To laugh immoderately. [Scotch.] KINK'AJOU, 77. A plantigrade, car- nivorous mammal of South America, the Cercoh ptes caudivolvidus of Illiger. It is about as large a*^ a full-grown cat, and somewhat resembles the lemurs in its structure and aspect, but is closely r ■ ■ A ■ Kinkaiou, Cercoieptet caitdivoloului. allied to the coatiniondi. It is a noctur- nal animal, and in captivity is very mild. Kl'NONE, n. A compound obtained by distilling kinic acid with diluted sul- phuric acid and peroxide of manganese. It is in the form of a sublimate of fine golden yellow crystals ; it is soluble in water, very volatile, and has a pungent smell in the state of vapour. It com- bines with hydrogen, forming two new compounds, green and white hydro- hinone ; the former of which is one of the most beautiful compounds known to chemists, forming long prisms of the most brilliant gold-green metallic lustre. Kinone is a compound of car- bon, hydrogen, and oxygen. KIN'REDE.t n. Kindred. [Chaucer.} KIN'Rie, n. Kingdom. [Scolch.] KINT'RAY, }"■ Country. [Scotch.] KIP'P.\GE, h. The company sailing on board a ship, whether passengei'S or mariners; disorder; confusion; violent passion. [Scotch.\ KIP'PER, a. Lively; nimble; light- footed. [Craven dialect.] KIPPERED SALMON, «. Same as KiPFF.R, — which see. KIP'PER-NUT, n. Peg-nut or earth- nut. KIP'PER-TIME, H. In old Emjlish laiv, the space of time between the 3d and the IL'th of May, in which fishing for salmon in tlie Thames, between Graves- end aTid Henley-on-Thames, was for- bidden. KIRN, 71. A churn ; the feast of harvest- home, supposed to be so called because a churnful of cream formed a consider- able part of the entertainment. [Scotch.] KIRSCH'-WASSER, n. [Ger.] An alcoholic liquor, distilled from the fer- mented fruit of the small cherry-tree. It is called the brandy of Switzerland. KIRST'EN, {v.t. To christen ; to bap- K1RS"N, / tize. [Scotch.] KIRST'ENING, ) n. A christening; a KIRS'NING, ( baptism. [Scotch.] KIR'TLED, a. Wearing a kirtle. KIR'WANITE, n. A native silicate of iron and alumina, found in the basalt of the north-east coast of Ireland, and named after Kirwan the mineralogist. KISII, n. A substance resembling plum- bago, found in some iron-smelting fur- naces. It consists of carbon and man- ganese. KISS, V. i. To join lips; to be united. [Shah.] K1T,+ V. t. To cut [Chaucer.] KIT, n. [add.] The tools of a shoe- maker ; a sailor's chest and contents. — In Scotch^ the whole, as applied to a person's property, family, lineage 22<) KIT'-€AT-HKENESS, n. A portrait, embracing only the head and shoulders. KITCHEN, V. t. To entertain with the fare of the kitchen. KITCH'EN, a. Belonging to, or used in the kitchen. KITCHEN-FEE, n. The drippings of meat roasted before the fire. [Scotch.] KITE, «. [add.] Electrical kite. [See the term under E, in tliis Sui^p.] IviTE'-FLYING, n. In A/tierica, a com- bination between two mercantile men of limited means, or who are short of cash, to e.\cliange each other's cheques, which may bo deposited in lieu of money, taking good care to make their bank-accounts good before their cheques are presented for payment. — Kite-fiyinfj 13 also practised by mercantile houses, or persons in dirt'erent cities. KITH,t )i. [add.] Kith and kin, friends and relatives. KiTHE.t V. t. [Sax. cythan.] To show; to make known. [Chaucer.] KiTH'ED,t VP. Made known; dis- covered. [See Kii> in this Supp.] KIT'LING, n. [L. catuliis.] A young cat ; a kitten ; a whelp ; the young of a beast. [Local.] KIT'LISH, a. [add.] Difficult to man- age. [Scotch.] KlTTE.t pret. of A7(. Cut. [Chaucer.] KIT'TLE, V. t. [add.] To excite a plea- sant sensation in the mind. — To Kittle or kittle tip, to enliven ; to excite in a vivid manner. [Scotch.] KIT'TLE, a. Ticklish; easily tickled; ditficult ; nice ; not easily managed ; trving; vexatious. [Scotch.] KIT'TLE, V. i. To litter ; to bring forth kittens. [Scotch.] KIT'TLED, pp. Tickled; having brought forth young, as a cat. [Scotch.] KI'WI, n. A remarkable and curious bird of New Zealand, the Apteri/x australis, or wingless emu. The skins of these birds used to be made into garments by the natives. [A'eeAPTERYX in this Supp.] KLEISTAGNA'THA, n. The name given by Fabricius to Crustacea of the family Dccapoda Brachyura. IvLICK, In. A small, regular, KLICK'ING, I sharp noise. IvLICK'ER, n. He or that whicli clicks. KNAB, V. i. [add.] To lay hold of, or apprehend. [Vulgar.] [&e Nad.] KNAB'BED, pp. [add.] Seized ; appre- hended. [Vulijar.] [See Nabbed.] KNAG'GINESS, n. The state of being knaggy. KNAKKES,t n. plur. (naks.) [Sup- posed to be formed from the hnacking or snapping of the fingers, ^used by jugglers, which reiiuired considerable dexterity.] Trifiing tricks; trifling words. [Chaucer.] KNAPPE.t n. (nap.) A short sleep; a nap. [Chaucer.] KNAP'PING, ppr. [Gnapping.] Affect- ing to speak fine, without knowing how ; clipping words by a false pronunciation. [Scotch.] KNAKL, n. A knot in wood. KNAVE, n. [add.] A hnave-cliild, or bov-knave, a male child. [Chaucer.] KNAVE'-BAIRN, n. A man-child. [Scotch.] KNE'BELITE, n. (ne'belite.) A gray spotted mineral, consisting of silica, iron, and manganese. KKEDDE.t pp. of Knede. (ned.) [Sax.] Kneaded. [Chaucer.] KNEDE, t V. t. [Sax.] To knead. I Chaucer.] KNEE, n. [add.] Hanijing- knees, in KNOPPE KOODOO RYAN'S PREPARATION s.iip-buildin:j, are such as Iiave one of their arms fayed vertically to the ship's side. — Lodoing-hnees, such as are fixed liarallel to the decli. — Diagonal liamj- ing-hnees, such as cross the timbers in a slantin? direction. KNEE'-JOINT, n. Tlie joint wliich connects tlie thigh and leg bones. It is a complex articulation, consisting of an angular ginglynuis, formed by the condyles of the femur, the upper ex- tremity of the tibia, and the posterior surface of the patella. KNEE-JOINTED, a. Geniculate. KNEELINGLY, adu. (neel'ingly.) In a kneeling position. KNEEN,+ \n. plitr. [Sax.] Knees. KNENE.I ( ^Chaucer.] KNELT,t V. i. To sound as a bell; to toll. KNET,+ pp. Knit, or knitted. [Cliaucer.] KNEV'EL,) v.i. To beat violently with NEV'EL, ) the fists. KNEV'ELLED, \vp. Beat violently NEV'ELLED, ) with the fists. [Scotch.] KN1FE'-€LEANER, n. A machine for cleaning knives. KNIFE'-GRINDER, n. One whose business it is to grind or sharpen knives. KNiFE-SHAUPENER, n. A machine for sharpening knives. ICNIFE'-TRAY, n. A basket, or other receptacle for knives. KNIGHT, n. (nite.) [add.] Knighls- bachelors, and ItiiigMs-Oaniierets. [See IvNioiiTHOon.] — Knights of the cham- ber, such knights-bachelors as are made in time of peace, in the king's chamber, and not in the field, as in time of war. — A servant in war ; a soldier. [Cliaucer.] KNIGHT, I', t. [adil.] A knight is now made by the sovereign touching him with a sword as he kneels, and saying to him, Jiise, Sir • -. KNIGHT'AGE,ji. Tlie body of knights. KNIGHT-ERKATie, a. Relating to knight-errantrv. KNIGIlT'lIODE,t n. Knighthood; valour. [Chancer.] IvNIGHT'HOOD. Page 28, col. 1, line 12, leave outthe words, " asit still does." KNIGHT'LY, adv. In a manner becom- ing a knight. KNIGHT'S' eOIIKT,»i. A court -baron, or honour-court, held twice a-year by the Bishop of Hereford, wherein those I who are lords of manors, and their tenants, holding by knight's service of tile honour of that bishopric, are suitors. KNIT, t'. (. [add.] To unite or weave by texture without a loom. KNIT, I). I. [add.] To weave without a loom. KNIT,t pp. Joined; bound; agreed. [Chaucer.] KNIT TING, n. [add.] The work of a knitter ; the act of weaving by knitting- needles. KNITTING-SHEATH, n. A sheatli for knitting-needles. KNOB, n. [add.] A round ball at the end of anything ; as, the hnoh of a lock. KNOBBES,t n. plur. (nobs.) [See Knop.] Excrescences in the shape of buds or buttons. [Chaucer.] KNOCK, ti. /. [add.] To knock down an article to any one at an auction, is to assign it to him as the purchaser. — A hno h-down ai-gument is an argument that completely overthrows one's ad- versary. [Colloq.] KNOLL, n. (noil.) [add.] The ringing of a bell ; as, the curfew knoll. KNOPPE.t«. (nop.) A knop; a button; a rose-bud. [Chaucer.] KNOPPED,t i>;>. Buttoned; f;vstened. [Chauca:] KNOTES, «. In mechanics, the points where cords, ropes, &c , meet from an- gular directions in funicular machines ; called also nodes. KNOT'-GUASS, n. [add.] A plant of the genus Polygonum, the P. aviculare, Linn., which grows in waste places everywhere. KNOTS. 71. Garden-beds. \Shak.] KNOTTE,t n. (not.) A knot. Used also in the sense of Fr. noeud, for the chief point or head of a matter. [Chau- cer.] KNOTTED, a. [add.] In geol, a term applied to rocks characterized by small detached points, cliiefly composed of mica, less decomposable than the mass of the rock, and forming knots in relief on the weather surface. KNOTTELESS.t a. (notless.) With- out a knot; without difficulty or hin- derance. [Chaucer.] KNOT'-WEED, n. In hot., the same as Knot-Grass. KNOUT, V. 1. (nout.) To punish with the knout or whip. KNOW, \n. A rising ground ; a little KNOWE, ( hill; a hillock. [Scotch.] KNOWABLENESS, n. The quality of being knowable. KNOWE, for Knee. [Oiaucer.] KNOW'INGNESS, n. Tlie state of hav- ing knowledge. KNOWL'ECIIE.t '■■ '. [Sax.] To ac- knov\dedge. [Chaucer.] KNOWL'ECHlNG,t ". Knowledge. [Chaucer.] KNOWL'EDGE, n. [add.] To a per- son's knowledge, means according to, or in accordance with his knowledge ; consistent with his knowledge; as, the money, to mil knowledge, was paid. KNOWN, ));).ora. (none.) [FromAnow.] Perceived; understood; recognized; familiar. KNOW-NOTHING, a. Thoroughly ignorant. [Colloq. or local. | KNUCK'LE, 71 [add.] In ship-building, an acute angle, such as the knuckles at the long stern-limbers at tlie archboard. KNUCli'LE-JOINT, 7i. In meek., any flexible joint formed by two abutting links. KOALA. 71. A niar.supial animal of Aus- tralia, with a very short tail. It some- what resembles a small bear, hence its name, Phascolarctos cinereus [Gr. fxc- Kii, a pouch, and tt^-Ait;, a bear]. It lives much on trees. KO'B.\, 71. For " Damaliskoba," read Damalis koha. — Damalis is one of the subgenera of the antelopes. RffiLE'RIA, 71. A genus of plants, nat. order Graniine;c. Tliere is but one British species, K. cristata, having narrow leaves, rough at the edges, and ciliated, and a compact, spiked, oval panicle. KOHL'-RA'BI, 71. A singular kind of cabbage. The name is a corruption of caulo-rapa, tho Brassica caulo .rapa of Bauhin ; and is now considered by De Candolle as a variety of H. campeslris. KO'NAK, 11. In Circassia, or Caucasia, a native host; a protector. Every stranger who visits the Circassians must have his honak. KON'IGINE, 71. A miner.al of a green colour, consisting of a sulphate of copper. KON'NING.t 71. Cunning. [Chaucer.] KOODOO, 71. The striped antelope, Antilope strejisiceros, a native of South Africa, distinguished by its fine spiral horns. 230 KO'RE, 7!. [Gr. .cjr ] Tlie pupil of the eye. KO'RITE, n. A synonyme of agalmato- lite, or Cliinese figure-stone. KOS'TEK, 71. A fish ; a species of stur- geon. KOU'iMISS, n. See Kumiss. KRAMERIA, 7i. A genus of plants, nat. order Kraiiieriaceaj. A', triandria, a native of l'e:u and Cliili, yields the riiatany-root of the druggists. [See R.\T.\NV.] KU.VMES. See Cr.^mes in this Supp. IvREATINE, 71. [Gr. «=!«;, flesh.] A crystalline compound occurring in muscle or flesh. It is very soluble in hot water, but sparingly in alcohol. It has neither acid nor basic iiroperties. KREATININE, 7i. An organic base which occurs in the juice of flesh, but in much smaller quantity than kreatine. It has an alkaline reaction, and forms crystallizable salts with acids. These two boairs, kreatine and krciliiiiiie, lire cinseiy related to rorli o'htr; they cnii- taiu the snme elements in the same prop'>rtion, cvct-ptin^ n certain nmonut of oxygen and hydi'ugeii, but kvcatine contains the elements of lour equivalents ol' water mire than kreft. tinine. Kaeh may lie converted into the other; in contact with a strong acid, kreatine loses the elements of four equivalents of M aler, and kreatinine is produced, wliich neu- tralizes a p.irt of the acid. — \^Lieh'tg's letters] KREM'NITZ-AVIIITE, 7i. A pure variety of white-load. KRE'OSOTE, 71. See Cke.vsote. KRIS, I 71. A weapon of offence, of CREESE,) v.ariousform. Among the Malays it is a kind of dagger, but among the llauoons it is a heavy sword. KRIS, V. t. To wound or kill with a kris. KROO'iMEN,) ii.Thenameoftheinha- KRU'MEN, J bitants of a small sec- tion'of W^estern Africa, between Ion. U° and 10' W.; and lat. "t" 25' and 5° 45' N.; comprising the western portion of tlie Ivory Coast, and the eastern portion of the Windy Coast. They are a faithful, industrious, and kindly-dispositioned race, and have been for a long time connected with our trade on the western coast of Africa, serving in our vessels of war and merchantmen, where they are found both steady and efficient. They are generally well- made, muscular, active, and very power- ful. They have high notions of freedom and independence, which are so well understood, that even on board British vessels of war they are not allowed to be punished by wliite men, as in such a case tliey would in all probability desert in a body. KU'KUP.i, 71. The name given to a beautiful species of wood-pigeon in New Zealand. KUN'D.'i.HOIL, 71. An oil obtained from the seeds of the Carapa toutou- couna. KY ANIZED, pp. or a. Preserved from the dry-rot, by the process invented by Jlr. Kyan ; steeped in a solution of corrosive sublimate. KY"ANIZING, ppr. Steeping in a solu- tion of corrosive sulilimate, as timber, to preserve it from the dry-rot. KY'ANOLE, 71. In chem., the same as Aniline. KY'AN'S PATENT PRE PAR. 4- TION, 71. \ solution of corrosive subli- mate (perchloride of mercury) By steep- ing timber in this solution, tlie primary element of fermentation is neutralized, and the fibre of the wood rendered in- destructible. This process was invent- ed by -Mr. Kyan. LACERATED LACTEAtS LADrS-TRACES KyKE,t V. i. [Scotch, keek; Suio- Goth. kika.] To peep; to look stead- fastly or pryingly. [Chaucer.} KY'LOES, ??. A term applied to the cattle of the Hebrides. KYND,t ) H. [See Kind. | Nature; KYNDEjf I natural disposition or af- fection. [Spetiser.] KYR'IE ELE'ISON. [Gr] '' Lord, have mercy on us ;" a form of invocation in the Catholic Liturgy. KYRI0L06'I€, ^ a. [Gr. ;!^?ioAovi. KYRI0L06'I€ALJ ^co^; Ku^^cXcyi^, to speak properly ; nv^ioxoyicc, a discourse consisting of proper words. The ori- ginal Greek alphabet of sixteen let- ters was called kyriologic, because it represented the pure elementary sounds.] Serving to denote objects by conventional signs or alphabeti- cal characters ; a term applied by Bisiiop Warburton to that class of Egyptian hieroglyphics in which a part is conventionally put to represent a whole. Kr?^' }"• '^^^ ^^^^y- [.Scotch.] LABBE,t n. [D.lahhern. .S't'eBLAB.] A blab; a great talker. [Chaucer.'] LABBE,t / V. i. To blab; to prate; to LAB,f ) talk thoughtlessly or care- lessly. LAB'BING,! }>ur. Blabbing. [Chaucer.] LA'BELS, n. Pendants like broad rib- ands hanging from the head-dress, and from the helmet of a knight. LA'BL\, n. plur. [From L. labium, a lip.] In anat., the lips. Applied also to the parts of the pudendum exterior to the nymphae. LABORIOUS, ) Misplaced: see LABO RIOUSLY, } after Laboub- LABO RIOUSNESS,) ing. LA'BOUR, n. [add.] In pulU. econ., labour is regarded as the only source of wealth. LA'BOURING, n. The act of bestow- ing labour. — 2. The pitching and rolling of a vessel in a heavy sea. LA'BOURING-FORCE, n. In mech., the power applied is termed the labour- ing-force, in contradistinction to the power transmitted to the point of etfect, which is termed the work, and which is less than the labouring-force by all the quantity of the force expended in over- coming the frictions, &c. LA'BOURSOME, a. [add.] Liable to pitch and roll, as a ship in a heavy sea. LABRADOR TEA, n. A plant of the genus Ledum, the L. laiifoUum, which possesses narcotic properties, and ren- ders beer heady. It grows in the north of Europe and America. LA'BRAX, n. A genus of fishes be- longing to the perch family, which in- cludes the rock-fish or striped bass of the United States. LAB'YRINTH, n. [add.] In anat., the name of a series of cavities in the ear, viz., the vestibule, the cochlea, and the semicircular canals. LABYRINTH ICAL, a. Same as La- BYRINTHIC. LABYRINTH'ODON, ». [Gr. x«et...v- Boij and olou;, a tootli.j An extinct rep- tile, formerly called Chcirotherium. The present name is derived from tlie labyrinthine structure of a section of the tooth, when seen under the micro- scope. [See Cheieotherium.] LA€, n. [L.] Wilk. LAG, \ properly Lakh, n. In th^East LACK, ) IndieSy a word used to denote 100,000 ; as, a lac of rupees. LACE, n. [add.] In old cant language, spirits added to coffee or other beverage. LACE, V. t. [add.] In old cant language, to add spirits to coffee or other bever- age. LACED, i>/j. or rt. [add.] Tied; bound. [ Chaucer.] — Laced coffeCy coffee inter- mixed with some other ingredient. LAC'ERATEDjjj/j.ora. [add.] InaH«^, a term applied to two foramina, at the II. — Supp. base of the cranium, from their lace- rated appearance. LACERT',t n. [L. lacerta, a lizard.] A flesiiy muscle, so named from its having a tail like a lizard. [Chaucer.'] LACER'TA, n. [L.] The lizard, a genus of saurian reptiles. [.See Lizard.] — 2. A modern northern constellation, consisting of sixteen stars. It is sur- rounded by Andromeda, Cepheus, Cyg- nus, and Pegasus. LACER'TIAN, n. A sam-ian reptile belonging to the family Lacertidae. LACE-WINGED FLIES, n. Insects of the genus Hemerobius are so called, from their delicate wings having many netted spaces like lace. LACHE,ta. [Seethe Noun.] Sluggish; negligent. [Chaucer.] LACHESSE',t n. [Fr.] Slackness ; negligence. [Chaucer.] LAC U'R YMOSELY, adv. In a lachry- mose manlier. LACING, 71. [add.] A cord used in drawing tight or fastening ; a fastening or binding with cord or lace. LACIN lATE, ( a. [add.] In hot., LACINIATED,^ leaves are said to be lacinlate, when they are divided by deep taper-pointed incisions. LACK'ER, n. A yellow varnish. [See Lacquer.] LACK'EY-.AIOTH, n. The Cllsiocampa neustria, a moth not uncommon in this country ; the larvae, which are striped, live in society under a web, and are sometimes very destructive. LACK'LUSTRE, a. Wanting lustre or brightness; as, lacklustre eyes. LA€-LU'N^, n. [L.] Literally, milk of the moon ; a snowy-white substance resembling chalk. It consists almost wholly of alumina, saturated with car- bonic acid. LACON'IC, n. Conciseness of lan- guage. [Rare. | LACQUERED WARE, n. In com- merce, brass or other metallic ware co- vered with lacquer, to improve their lustre, and preserve them from tar- nishing. LACRIiMO SO. [It.] In mi/wc, a term implying a plaintive movement, as if weeping. LACRYMAL, a. [See Lachrymal.] Lacrimal canals or ducts, those which originate from the internal angle of the eye, and terminate in the lacrimal sac, which is an oval bag about the size of a small horse-bean, and constitutes the upper extremity of the nasal duct. LAC'TAGE,t n. The produce of ani- mals yielding milk. LAC'TEALLY, ado. Milkily; in the manner of milk. LACTEALS, h. In anat., numerous minute tubes which absorb or take up tlie chyle or milk-like fluid from the 231 alimentary canal, and convey It to the thoracic ducts. LACTEAN, a. Milky ; resembling milk. — 2. Lacteal; convej-ing chyle. LAC'TEOUSLY,flrfy.Milkily;lacteally. LA€'TIFU6E, n. [L. lac, lactis, milk, and fugo, to expel.] A medicine which checks or diminishes tlie secretion of milk in the breast, as in cases of wean- ing. LACU'N/E, n. [add.] In anal., a name given to a multitude of folhcles ob- served in the mucous membrane of the urethra. LACU'NAL, a. Pertaining to, or hav- ing lacunae. LAD,t Ipret. of Lcde. [Sax.] Led; LADDE,f ( caTTied.[Chaucer,Sp€nser.] LAD'ANUALBUSH. n. The name of several species of Cistus, particularly the Cistus creticus, which yield a resin- ous juice, used in plasters, in perfumery, and in pastiies. LAD'DER, 71. [add.] There are various kinds of ladders used about a ship ; as, thehold-ladders,forecastle-ladders,&,c., for getting into or out of these parts of the ship. — Accommodation-ladder, a light sort of wooden stair hung in some vessels over the side, for people coming on board or going ashore. — Side-ladder, a rope -ladder with wooden rounds, used for the side of a vessel. — Stern-ladders, ladders suspended from the stern of large ships, for getting into or out of the boats. LAID * I '^ ^ load. [Scotch.] LADE, ^ n. The canal or chan- LEAD, > nel which conveys MILL-LEAD, ) water to a mill. [Scotch.] LAD'ING,n. [add.] Bill of ladlnfr- [See BiLL.l LA'DY, n. [add.] Lady gent, a hand- some accomplished lady. [See Gent.] — Lady thrall, a lady enthralled ; a captive lady. [SperL^er.] LADY-BIRD, n. For "red vagino- pennous," read coleopterous; and leave out second definition, adding, they form the genus Coccinella of Linnjeus ; their larvte, which somewhat resemble small lizards, are very useful, especially in hop-growing countries, on account of the number of aphides or plant-lice which they destroy. LA'DYBRACH, «. A female harrier. [Shall.] LA'DY-€OURT,7i. The court of a lady of the manor. L A' DY-¥ ERN, n. A plant, the Aspidlum ihelypteris. LA'DY-LOVE, n. A female sweetheart; a lady who is loved. LA'DY'S-HAIR, n. A plant, the Briza media. LA'nY'S-TRACES,insteadofLADY'S- ^ 8a LAIR LAMMAS LANDING-NET TRESSES, 7?. [add.] Also a name given to the Spirantkes (estivalis. LiEMODIP ODA, n. [Gr. Xtuu^j, the throat, and *«3fr, feet.] An order of marine crustaceans, which have the anterior pair of feet attached to the cephalic segment. The whale-louse is an example. LAFT,t pret. and pp. of Leve. Left. [Chaucer.] LAG, n. [add.] 7VcAniCrt//f/, the quantity of retardation of some movement, op- posed to some term meaning advance or acceleration. Thus the lag of the tide is the time that the tide-wave falls behind the mean time in the tirst and third quarters of the moon; opposed to prim- ing of the tide, which denotes the ac- celeration of the tide-wave, or amount of shortening of the tide-day, in the second and fourth quarters of the moon. In like manner, the fag of the steam- valve of a steam-engine is the distance through which the piston may have passed before the steam-port opens for the admission of steam behind the pis- ton ; opposed to lead of the valve, or the distance which the piston may still have to pass before completing its stroke, when the steam-port begins to open for the admission of steam for the succeeding stroke. Some writers em- ploy the terms lag of port and lead of port in these senses, and perhaps more systematically. LA'GAN, n. [Sax. liggan-l Goods sunk in the sea ; also, a right which the chief lord of the fee had to take goods cast on shore by the violence of the sea. LAGGARD, n. One who lags; a loiterer. LAG GINGLY, adv. Loiteringly. LAGOON', n. [add.] Also, sea-reaches extending along the shore, with narrow or comparatively narrow entrances, and usually separated from the ocean by sandbanks or muddats. Such lagoons [Sp. laguna^ a lake] are common on the coasts of Mexico and of Central America. LAGO'PUS, M. The ptarmigan, a genus of birds formerly arranged under the genus Tetrao, and so caQed from their legs and toes being closely covered with hair-like feathers. [See Ptarmigan.] LAGOS'TOMUS, n. A genus of rodent mammals. The only known species is the L. tnchodacti/lus, a native of Chili and Brazil. It is about the size of a hare, and is called the i-iscacha. LAG OTHRIX, ». A genus of South American monkeys, in which the head is round, the nose tiat, a thumb on the anterior hand, and the tail partly naked. LAGRIID.E, T(. A family of small co- leopterous insects, found in woods and hedges, and on plants. They belong to the section Heteromera, and are generally more or less hairy. LAID, pp. [add.] Laid till one, awarded to one by fate; laid to one's charge. [Scotch. I LAlDE,f pp. of Lai/. Trimmed as with lace. L AID-UP, pp. Deposited; laid aside; confined to the bed. [See Laid.] LAlEjf n. for Lay. [Chaucer.] LAIGH'-CROFTS, n. Low-ljing 6elds of inferior quality. [Scutch.] LAlNEjf iT{fxn. of verb to Xay. [Chau- cer. \ LAlN'ERS,t n. plur. [Fr.] Straps or thongs. [Chaucer.] LAIR, ) n. Learning; edncation. LEAR, f [Scotch.] LAIK, n. A mire; a bog. [Scotch.] LAIS'SEZ FAIRE, r. imp. [Fr.] Let alone. LaITH, a. Loathsome; loath; unwil- ling; reluctant. [Scotch.] LAI%TE, )n. The rest; what is left; the LAVE, I remainder. [Scotch.] LAKE,t n- [Belg. laecken.] A kind of fine linen for shirts. [Chaucer.] ] LA'KEN.f ) n. A diminutive of our LA'RENS,ty ladi/. [Shak.] \ LAKE'-POET, n. A poet who describes lake-scenery. LA'KER, n. A frequenter or visitor of i lakes. LAKKE,tn.[Sas. 5eeLACK.] A fault; a disgraceful action ; want. [Chaucer.] \ LAKKE,t r t. To find fatdt; to blame. ■ [Chaucer.] LA'ALl. See Llama. | LA'MASERY, n. A Buddhist religious ■ society, presided over by its lama, i Every such society has its lama, in the same way as our abbeys and priories had their abbots and priors. The lama is migratory. LAM'BEN,t n. plur. [Sax.] Lambs. [Chaucer.] j LAMBENT, a. [add] Illuminated;' licking. j LAM'BOTS,t n. [Fr. lambeau.] Tn anc. ■ armour, drapery which hung in folds I site'. Lsiiilxjji, time of Henry VTJI. from the front tasses over the thighs, and was sometimes imitated in steel. LAM BREQUIN,t n. A covering for the helmet, to protect it from wet and heat. LAMB'S'-QUARTERS, n. Mountain- spinach. LAMB"S'-WOOL, n. Wool obtained from Iambs. LAMBS'-WOOL, a. Made of the wool of lambs. LAME, n. [L. lamina.] In armour, a plate of metal. LAME'-DUCK, n. A cajit phrase for a defaulter at the stock-exchange. LAMELLIBRANCH'IATE, a. Relat- ing to the lamellibranchiata. LAMELLI€ORN'ES,n. SameasLAjf- ELLICORNS. LAMEL'LIFORM, a. [L. lamella, a plate, and forma, form.] Having tlie form ot a plate or scale. LAMELXIPEDS, n. [L. lamella, a thin plate or scale, and pes, a foot.] A sec- tion of conchifers containing bivalves with the foot broad and thin, as in Car- diacetp, &c. LAMELLIROS'TRAL, a. Pertaining to the lamellirostrals. LAMEL'LOSE, a. Covered with, or in the form of plates. LAMENT', n. [add.] An elegy, or mournful ballad or air. LAMENT'ABLENESS, n. The state of being lamentable. LAM INARY, a. Composed of layers or plates. LAMITER,t \ 4 . , rr 7 1 LAM'ETER,t T" ^ *^"PP^^- [^^<^^-] LAMMAS, ^ n. [add.] This word LAMMAS-DAY, ) is said to be de- 2a2 rived from loef-mass, because on the first of August our forefathers made an offering of bread made from new wheat. According to others, the term is derived from a custom by which the tenants of the Archbishop of York were obliged, at the time of mass on the first of August, to bring a live lamb to the altar. In Scotland it was a practice to wean Iambs on this day. Dr. Johnson supposes Lammas to be a corruption of lattermath, a second mowing of grass. LAMMAS, a. Belonging to the first of Ausrust. LAM MAS - TIDE, n. Lammas-day. [Shak.] LAMMER,) . . LA'MER, \ "• ^™^^^- LAMP, r. t. To beat. [Scotch.] LAMP, V. i. To walk quickly and with long strides. [Scotch.] LAMTER-EEL, n. The lamprey. [Local.] LAMPING, />;>r. Beating; also, going quickly and with long strides. [Scotck.l LAMPOON'RY, n. [add.] Use of per- sonal satire ; act of lampooning. LA'NA-PHILOSOPHICA, n, [L.] Philosopher's- wool ; flowers of zinc. LANCE'-GAY,t n. A species of horse- man's lance, mentioned in the romances of the 1.5th and I6th centuries. LANCE-HEAD,n.Theheadofalance. LANCE'LET, n. [See Ampiiioxds.] A small fish. LANCEOLATE, \a. [add.] In con- LAN'CEOLATED, f chat, applied to a shell of an oblong shape, and gradu- ally tapering to each end. — Applied also similarly in entomology. LaNCE'-REST, n. A projecting sup- port placed on the right side of the breast-plate of a knight, in the 1.5th and I6th centuries, to assist him in bearing the heavy lances used in the joust and tournament. LAN'CET-FISH, n. The genus Acan- thurus, one of the acanthopterygious fisbes, is so called, from the sharp spine on each side of the tail. LAND, n. [add.] Land o" the leal, the place of the faithful or blessed. [Scotch.] — Land, in its widest legal acceptation, includes meadow, pasture, woods, moors, waters, marshes, furze, heath, kc. ; but in this \vider sense the word generally used is lands. In some parts of England land is frequently used to denote the fee simple, as dis- tinguished from a less estate, without reference to the nature of the property. LAND'-BOC.t n. [Sax.] The deed or charter by which lands were held. LAND-CARRIAGE, n. Conveyance by land. LAND-CRABS, n. Crustacea whose habits are terrestrial, as distinguished from such as are aquatic ; more particu- larly applied to the species of Gecar- cinus. which live much on land, and onlv visit the sea to breed. LAND'DAMN, v. t. To banish from the land. [>AaA.] LAND'-FOWL, n. Birds that frequent land. LAND'-GABEL,t "■ [Sax.] A tax or rent issuing out of land, according to Doomsdav-book. LAND GRAVINE, n. The wife of a landgrave; a lady of the rank of a landgrave. LANDING, a. At the cujitom-house nr in public docks, relating to the dispo- sal of a vessel's cargo ; as, landing charges. LANi)'lNG-NET,n. A small hoop-net LANIAD^ LAPSED DEVISE used by anglers to land the fish they have taken. LAND'ING-KATE.n. In com., charges at the custom-house. LANDING-SURVEYOR, n. An of. ficer of the customs who appoints and superintends the landing-waiters. LANDING-WAITERS, n. Officers of the customs whose duties consist in takjng an accurate account of the number, weight, measure, or quality of the various descriptions of merchan- dise landed from foreign countries or colonial possessions ; they likewise at- tend to the shipment of all goods in respect of which bounties or draw- backs are claimed. These officers are likewise occasionally styled searchers. LAND'LOPER, n. [add.] A vagabond or vagrant; one who has no settled habitation, and frequently removes from one place or country to another. LANDLORD, n. [add.] Landlord and tenant, in law, one of the common rela- tions of social life, out of which arise sundry rights, duties, liabilities, and remedies. LAND'LORDRY,t n. The state or condition of a landlord. LAND'LOUPER, n. [See Landloper.] A runagate ; one who runs his country ; one who frequently flits from one place or country to another. [ScotchA LAND'LOUPING, a. Rambling; mi- gratory ; shifting from one place to an- other. [Scotch.] LAND-LUBBER, n. [Qu. from land- loper.] A term of reproach among sea- men for one who passes his life on land. LAND'MAN, n. In law, a terreteiiant. LAND'MEASURE, n. Measurement of land; also the name of a table of square measure by which land is measured. LAND'-OFFICE, n. [add.] In most colonies there are land-offices, in which the sales of new lands are registered, and warrants issued for the location of land, and other business respecting un- settled land is transacted. LAND'-REAIAINS, n. In geol, those remains of terrestrial animals and vege- tables which are found everywhere on digging in the earth. They are mostly interchanged with strata containing marine remains. LAND'StAPE-PAINTER,»!.Apainter of landscapes or rural scenery. LAND'-S€URVY, n. An affection which consists in circular spots, stripes, or patches, scattered over the thighs, arms, and trunk. LAND-SERVICE, n. Service on the land ; opposed to service on the sea LANDS'MAN, n. [add.] One who lives on the land ; opposed to seaman. LAND'-TENANT, n. In law, he who possesses land let, or has it in his manual occupation ; a terretenant. LAND'-URCHIN, n. A hedgehog. LAND'. WAITER, n. [add.] See Land- ing-Waiter in this Supp. LAND-WEHR,n. The mUitia of Aus- tria and Prussia. LANE, a. Lone : alone.— //iV lane, him- self alone.— B// their lane, themselves alone. [Scotch.] LANG, a^ Long. [Scotch.] LANG'SYNE, n. Long since ; long ago. [Scotch.] LAN'GUA6ELESS,a. Wanting speech or language. [Shah.] LANI'AD^, n. [From Lanius, one of the genera.] The shrikes, a family of insessorial or perching birds, in which the bill is abruptly hooked at the end. LARYNX and the notch is sometimes so deep as to form a prominent tooth on each side. [See Shrikes.] LANIA'RIFORM, a. [L. lanio, to cut or tear, and forma, shape.] Shaped like the canine teeth of the carnivora, which are called laniaries. LAN'IERS, n. [Fr. laniere.] The lea- them straps of a shield which go round the arm. LAN'NER, n. The Falco tannarius, a bird of the long -winged hawk kind, rather less than the buzzard. LANO'SA, n. A genus of fungous plants ; i. nivalis, snow-mould, is found beneath snow, and on grasses and cereal crops, to which it is very injurious. LANT, n. The game of loo.— 2. Urine [Local.] LANT'CHA, n. A Malay boat having three masts and bow-sprit, to be met with especially in the eastern part of LAR'BOARD, „. [add.] The lords- commissioners of the admiralty have ordered the term port to be used by the royal navy instead of larboard, and this has been done in order to prevent mistakes arising from the use of star- board and larboard, on account of their resemblance in sound to each other LARDA'CEOUS, a. [add.] Lardaceous tissues, tissues which, for cancerous disease, resemble lard. LARE,t n. [See Lair.] A place where cattle or other animals usually rest under some shelter; pasture. [Spenser] LA'RES, n. plur. [L. See Lar.] The household gods of the Romans, regard- ed as the souls of deceased ancestors. LARGE, a. [add.] Free; licentious, as words. r^Aaft.]— Spacious ; free ; pro- digal. [Chaucer.] LXRGE'..A€RED, a. Having large estates. the Indian Archipelago. Great num- bers of lantchas come to Penaiig and Singapore at the time of the arrival of the Chinese and Siamese junks, fetch- ing spices and areca-nuts. LAN'TERN, v. t. To provide or furnish with a lantern. LANTERN-JAWED, a. Having a thin visage. LANTHA'NIUM, n. See Lantanium. LAN'THORN, n. A wrong spelling of lantern. LAN'YARD, n. See Laniard. LAOCOON, instead of LA'OCOON. LAP, pret. of Loup. Leaped. [Scotch.] LAP'-DOG, n. [add.] Lap-dogs belong to the race of spaniels. LAPIDAIRE'.t n. [Fr.] A treatise on precious stones. [Chaucer.] LAPIDA'RIAN, a. Inscribed on stone; lapidary. LAP- JOINTED, a. In shipbuilding, a term applied to the plates of an iron vessel, which are made to overlap each other. LAP'PA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Composita;. It is the same as Arctium of Linn. L. minor, common burdock or clot-bur, is found in waste places throughout Europe and the west of Asia. The root is reckoned tonic, aperient, and diuretic. LAPPE,t n. [Sax.] A skirt or lappet of a garment. [Chaucer.] LAP'PER,u.t. To coagulate; to curdle. [Scotch.] LAP'PERED, pp. Coagulated; curdled, as milk. [Scotch.] LAPS'ED DEVISE, n. In law, a de- vise which fails or becomes void by reason of the devisee's death in the testator's lifetime, or by reason of such devise being contrary to law, [See Devise.] 233 LaRGHETTO. (liirget'to.) [It.] In music, somewhat slowly, but not so slowly as largo. Lark, n. [add.] The sky-lark is the Alauda arvctisis; the wood lark, A. arborea ; the brown lark, A. rufa ; the meadow-lark, A.pratensis; the crested lark, A. cristuta; the field-lark, A. agres- tis. Some of these belong to the genus Anthus of modern authors. LaRK'-BUNTING, n. The snow-flake (Plectrophanes nivalis) is so cal led, from the long claw on the hind-toe, resem- bling that of the lark ; while in other characters the bird is allied to the bunt- ings. LARK'-SHEEL, n. The Indian cress. LAR'US, n. The gull, a genus of web- footed marine birds, of several species, as L. canus, the common gull ; L. ma- rinus, the biack-backed gull; L. ebur- neus, the ivory-gull. [See Gull,] LaRVATE, a. Same as Larvated. LARVE, n. pi. Larves. Same as Larva. LaRVI'PAROUS, a. A term applied to those insects which produce their young in the state of larva. LARYNGISMUS, n. [From larynx.] Spasmodic croup, LAR'YNX, n, [add,] The superior opening of the larynx is called the glottis. Its various parts, anatomically considered, are extremely complex and intricate, especially in reference to its construction and physiology as the organ of voice. It is subservient also to breathing ; its exquisite sensibility is immediately excited by the contact of any foreign substance, or of a dele- terious gas, and the glottis is firmly closed by the thyro-arytenoid muscles, to prevent the entrance of the noxious body into the lungs. The same action occurs as we swallow each portion of LATER AN LAUGH LATER our food, to prevent any of it passing into the lungs. LASjf H. ^See Lace.] A lace; a snare. [Chaucer.] LASERPI 'TIUM,n.Laser\vort,asenus of plants, nat. order Umbelliferae. The species are herbaceous plants, with pin- nate leaves and white flowers. X. glabrum is a native of mountainous districts of Europe, in dry and stony places. The root is filled with a gum- resin, which is acrid and bitter, and said to be a violent purgative. Z. siler is a native of the mountains of the middle and south of Europe. The root is extremely bitter, and yields an aro- matic resinous substance, said to be the silphion or laser of the ancients. LA'SERWORT, n. See Laserpitium in this Supp. LASH'ING, H. [add.] Castigation, or chastisement. — Among seamen, a rope for making fast. \See Lasher.] LASH'ING OUT,t n. Extravagance; unruliness. LA'SIOMTE, 71. A mineral, which is a phosphate of alumina. It is a variety of hvdrargiUite or wavellite. LASSE,t la. comp. of Little. Less. LAS,t [ [Chaucer.] LAS'SIE, n. A young girl ; strictly, one below the age of puberty ; a term of en- dearment for a young woman. [Scotch.] LAS'SOCK, n. A little girl. [Scotch.] Last, v. i. To form on or by a last. Last, n. [add.] This term is sometimes applied to the burden of a ship. LaST'A6E, n. [add.] Stowage-room for goods ; the lading of a ship. LAST'-COURT, n. A court held by the twenty -four jurats in the marshes of Kent, and summoned by the bailiffs, wherein orders are made to lay and levy taxes, impose penalties, &c., for the pre- servation of the said marshes. LAST-HEIR, n. In law, he to whom lands come by escheat, for want of law- ful heirs. In some cases, the last-heir is the lord of whom the lands were held; but in others, the sovereign. LaST'IKG, n. [add.] A species of smooth woollen stuff, used for making shoes. LaST'REA, 71. A genus of ferns, be- longing to the tribe Aspideae. To this genus belong the marsh-fern, sweet mountain -fern, male-fern, &c. let' [ ^^^ ^^' ^^^ ^^^°®- l^^^f*^^] LATCH, n. [add.] The old English name for the cross-bow. LATCH, n. A mire; mud. [Scotch.] LATCH, V. t. [add.] To lay hold of; to seize; to catchf . [Shak.] LATCHE.t n. A lace; a snare. [See Las in this Supp.; also Latch in Diet.] [Chaucer.] LATCH'ED,t i)p. [From Fr. lecher.] Licked over. [5AaA.] LATCH'ED,t pp. Seized; caught. [Spenser.] LATCH'-KEY, 77. A key used to raise the latch of a door. LATE, adv. [add.] Late ygoe, late ago ; lately. [5pe/i^er.] LaT'ED, a. [add.] As a participle, ob- structed; hindered. [Shah.] LA'TENTLY, rtrfu. In a latent manner. LAT'ERAN, n. [add.] This church was built by Constantine the Great. It is the episcopal church of the Pope, and the principal church of Rome. It has a palace and other buildings annexed to it. Eleven ecclesiastical councils, called Lateran councils, have been held in the palace. Every newly-elected Pope takes solemn possession of the church, and from its balcony the Pope bestows his blessing on the people. The site on which the buildings of the Lateran stand originally belonged to Plautius Lateranus, who was put to death by Nero. Hence the name. LATERIG'RADA, n. [L. latus, the side, and gradior, to advance.] A family of spiders which make no web, but run sideways or backwards, and occasionally throw out adhesive threads to entrap their prey. LATHE,t n. [Sax. l/«r. Lavers. [Chau- cer.] LAW, n. [add.] Canon-law. [5ce Canon in this Supp. \ — Laiv of arms, the law which regulates proclamations of war, leagues, treaties, &c. According to this law, in case of a solemn war, the prince that conquers gains a right of dominion, as well as of property, over the persons and things he has subdued. — Law of marque is wliere they that are driven to it take the shipping and goods of the people of whom they have received w^rong, and cannot get ordi- nary justice in another territory, when they can take them within their own bounds and precincts. [.See j\La.rque.] — Law of the staple, same as law mer- chant or commercial law. — Law spiri- tual, same as ecclesiastical law. — Laws of Oleron. [See Oleron.] L4W, V. t. To cut off the claws and balls of a dog's forefeet. [See Lawing.] LAW'-BOOK, /(. A book containing laws, or relating to laws. LAWE,t a. for Low. [Chaucer.'] LAW'IN, ) 71. A tavern bill or reck- LAWING, ] oning. [Scotch.] LAW-LANGUAOE, n. The technical language of the law. [See Law.] LAW-LATIN, n. A corrupt sort of Latin, used in the law. LAW'LESS MAN, «. An outlaw. LAWN, n. [add.] A space of ground covered with grass, and kept smoothly mown, generally in front of or around a mansion. Lawn, n. [add.] A sort of clear or open linen fabric, formerly only manufactur- ed in France and Flanders, but now extensively manufactured in Scotland and the north of Ireland. The name is also given to an imitation fabric of cotton. LAWN'-SLEEVE, n. A sleeve made of lawn ; a part of a bishop's dress. LAWN-SLEEVED, a. Having lawn- sleeves. LAW-OFFICER, n. An omcer vested with legal authority. LAW'YER, H. A name given in America to the Hiviantojnts nigricollis, or black- necked stilt, a bird which frequents the American shores. LAX'ATIF,t n. [Fr.] A la.\ative. [Chaucer.] LAXA'TOR-TYM'PANI, n. [L. from laxo, to loose.] A muscle of the tym- panum, attached to the handle of the malleus, which it draws obliquely for- ward towards its origin, and thus re- laxes the niembrana-tympani. LAY, n. [add.] In some parts of the United States, lay is used as a vulgarism for the terms or conditions of a bargain ; price. It is also used colloquially to signify a share ; as, a certain lay of the proceeds of a voyage. LAY, ) n. [See Slaie.] That part of a loom in which the reed is fixed, and by the move- ments of which the weft-threads are laid parallel to each other, shot after shot, in the process of weaving. Ac- cording to the greater or less impulse LAY, ) n. LA'THE, [ of SLAY, ) is of the lay the weft is laid more or less closely together in the plane of the web. LAY, V. t. [add.] To lay in, to put in ; to enter; as, to lay in a claim. — To lay in upon a yard, in seameiis language, is to go nearer the middle of it. — To lay out upon a yard, is to go nearer the yard-arm. — Lay out upon your oars, the same as give way. — To lay the course. Instead of the words " without gibing," read without tacking. LAY, V. i. [add.] To wager; to bet.— To lay on or upon, to wager upon. — To lay by, to lie by; to stop; to desist. LAY,t 7'.. Law; religious profession. [Chaucer.] LAY'-CORPORATIONS, n. Bodies politic, which are either civil or elee- mosynary. [.See Corporations in.Dic^, and in this Supp.] LAYDjf )i)p. of Lay. Thrown down; LAlD,t J prostrated. [Spenser.] LaY'-DAYS, h. Running or consecutive days ; a term used in regard to the time stipulated in a charter-party, or allowed by custom, for loading and unloading ships, &c. LAY'EN,t pret. plur. of Lie or Ligge. [Chaucer] LAY'ER, ». [add.] Woody layers, the rings of wood which surround the pitb, and of which the wood of any stem or branch of a plant consists. The num- ber and thickness of these rings depend upon the age of the branch or stem. They are easily reckoned by cutting the branch or stem across. In tem- perate climates, the number of rings or layers corresponds exactly with the number of years the part has existed ; but in tropical climates, where many kinds of trees have two or three succes- sions of leaves in a year, a correspond- ing number of layers will be formed. LaY'ER-OUT, n. One who e.ipends money; a steward. LaY'ER-UP, n. One who reposits for future use ; a treasurer. LAYES,t n. plur. Laws. [Spenser.] LAY'-FEE, n. Lands held in fee of a lay-lord, as distinguished from those lands which belong to the church. LAY'-FIGURE, ) 71. A figure used by LaY'MAN, ) painters, made of wood or cork, in imitation of the human body. It can be placed in any position or attitude, and serves when clothed as a model for draperies, tStc. LAY'-IMFROPRIATORS, n. Laymen who appropriate church-revenues to their use. LaY'ING, ppr. [add.] Laying oj^, or laying down, in ship-building, transfer- ring the plans of the ship from the paper to the full size on the floor of tho moulding-loft. LAY-INVESTITURE OF BISHOPS. The act of putting a bishop into posses- sion of the temporalities belonging to hjs bishopric. LAY'- RACE, n. That part of the lay on which the shuttle travels from one side to the other of the web. LAZARET', ) n. [add.] The name LAZARET'TO,} given to inclosed buildings common in the Mediterranean ports, where ships' crews, passengers, and goods, are placed during quaran- tine. — Also, an hospital-ship for the re- ception of the sick, or persons supposed to be infectious. — Also, in some large merchant ships, a place where provisions and stores for the voyage are laid up. LAZARITES,) H. An order of mis- LAZ'ARISTS, ) sionaries in the Ro- man Catholic church, established in 2^5 1632, and deriving their name from the hospital of St. Lazarus, which serves as their refuge. Their primary object was to dispense religious instruction and assistance among the poorer in- habitants of the rural districts of France. LAZARO'NI, n. plur. In Naples, the poor who live by begging, or have no permanent habitation ; so called from the hospital of St. Lazarus, which serves as their refuge. LB. stands for pound in weight ; lbs. for pounds. LKACH,f n. [^eeLEECu.] A physician. [Spenser.] Leach, n. in ships, the border or edge of a sail at the sides. [.S'ee Leech.] LEACH'-€RAFTE,t ?i. The art of healing, or of physic. [Spenser.] LEAD, n. (led.) [add.] A thin plate of type-metal, used to separate lines in printing. [See Leads.] — Also, a small cylinder of black-lead or plumbago, used in ever-pointed pencils. LEAD, V. t. (led.) [add.] In printing, to widen the space between lines by in- serting a lead, or thin plate of type- metal. LEAD, n. See Lade in this Supp. LEAD'ED, pp. or a. (led'ed.) [add.] Covered with lead; fitted with lead; set in lead ; as, leaded windows. LEADER, K. [add.] One of the lead- ing or front horses in a team of four or more, as distinguished from a wheeler, or horse placed next the carriage. — Also, the principal wheels in any kind of machinery. LEAD'ERSIUP, n. The office of a leader. LEAD'ING, ppr. (led'ing.) Covering with lead ; fitting with lead, or setting in lead. — 2. Separating by leads, as in printing. LEADING-QUESTION, n. In law, a question which suggests to a witness the answer which he is to make. Such questions are allowed on cross-exami- nation. LEAD'-MINE, n. A mine containing lead or lead-ore ; as, the lead-mines of Cornwall. LEAD'-PENCIL, n. An instrument for drawing or making lines, made of plumbago or black-lead. LEAD-SHOT, n. Shot made of lead. LEAD'-SPAR, n. A mineral; a sul- phate of lead. LEAD-WORT. n. [add.] See Plum- baoo. LEAF'-FAT, n. The fat which lies in the leaves or layers within the body of an animal. LEAFLESS PLANTS, n. Such as are destitute of leaves; as plants of the cactus or prickly-pear tribe, liver-worts, lichens, and alga^. LEAGUE, n. [add.] Anti-Coni-Law League, a political association formed at Manchester in 1838, the object of which was to obtain, by constitutional means, the abolition of the duty on the importation of foreign corn. LEAGUER, n. (leeg'er.) A large sort of cask. LEAGUER-LADY, n. A soldier's \vife. [Scotch.] LEAK,f V. t. To let out. LEAKE,f a. for Leakv. [Spenser.] LEAK'ING, ?t. The oozing or passing of a liquid through an aperture or opening. LEAK'Y, a. [add.] Troubled with in- continence of urine. [Shah.] LEAN'-FACED, a. Having a thin face. — Among printers, applied to letters which have not their full breadth. LEECH LEGERDEMAINIST LEMMING LEAN'-FLESHED, a. Being lean in Hesh. LEAN'-WITTED, a. Having but little sense or shrewdness. [S/iaA.] LEAP'ING-AGUE, n. A disease which occurs in some parts of Scotland, and which consists in a morbid propeJisity to running, leaping, &c. LEAR.t in- [■See Leabn, Lore.] LEAKE,t ) Learning; lore; lesson. [Spejwer.] LEARES.t «• /''"'■• Lessons. \SpenseT.\ LEAKN'ABLE, «, (kmable.) That may be learned. LEASE, «. [add.] A lease is usually made in consideration of rent, or some other annual recompense rendered to the party conveying the premises, who is called the lessor or landlord, by the party to whom they are conveyed or let, who is called the lessee or tenant. The chief subjects of leases are houses and buildings of all kinds, cultivable lands, and mines. The usual words of operation in a lease are " demise, grant, and to farm let." LisiNGr"}''^'"- ^'''''°'"^- LEATHER-BACK, n. A marine tor- toise of the genus Sphargis (^. coriacea), so called from its carapace being covered with a leather-like skin. It is a com- mon species in the Mediterranean, and has been occasionally taken on our own coasts. LEATH'ER-WOpD, n. The Dirca paluslris, a small shrub of the United States, with very flexible br.inches, and a tough leathery bark. The twigs are used for baskets, &c. Nat. order Thy- melaceiB. LEAVE, I', t. [add.] To part with. [Shah.] LEAV'ED.t 7'P- [See LF.,\VE,t v. ^] Levied; raised. [Spejurer.] LEAVES, II. In mill-worh, the teeth of a pinion are often called leaves. LEAVE-TAKING, n. Taking of leave; parting compliments. LECANO'UA, n. [add.] L. parella yields a purple dye, equal to that of archil. LECANO'RINE, n. [add.] This sub- stance is obtained from Lecanora lur- iarea, and other lichens employed in the manufacture of cudbear. LECHE.-f- " A leech or physician. [Chaucer.] LECHE,t u- (• To he.il. [Chaucer.] LECHE'€KAFT,t "- The art of heal- ing; the skill of a physician. [Chaucer.] LECH'OUR,t "• A lecher. [Chaucer.] LEC'TORNE,t «- A reading-desk. [See Lectern.] [Chaucer.] LEDDE.t PP- of ^"/Z- Completely prostrated. LEDDEN,t| '"- [Sax. laden, leclen.] LED'EN,t ) Language; dialect. [Spenser.] LED'DY, n. A lady. [5co(<;A.] LEDE,t V. t. To lead. LED'-FAllM, 71. A farm held along with another, and on which the tenant does not reside. [Scotch.] LEDOE.t I). (. for Allege. [Chaucer.] LEDG'Y, a. Abounding in ledges. LE'DUM, n. [add.] See Labuauou Tea in this Supp. LEE, a. Lying under or to the lee of a ship ; having the wind blowing on it or directed to it ; as, a lee shore. LEE.-t-l n. [See Lea, Lay.] A meadow LEA,t J or plain ; the plain surface of water ; as, the wateri/ lea. [Spenser.] LEECH, orLEECU-TUB. See Letch- Tub. LEECH, V. t. See Letch. LEEFE.fa- [SeeLiEF.] Dear. [Spenser.] LEE'LANE, \ailv. All alone; quite LEE'FD'LANE, | solitary. [Scotch.] LEEXANG, a. Livelong. [Scotch.] ill AR I "■ """o"' ' "^"'P'^'- [•'^'"■■«'] LEES.t 1- [Fr. lesse.] A leash by which dogs are held. LEES,t a. [Sax. leas.] False; lying. [Chaucer.] LEES,t »i. Falsehood; lying.— IVi(A- outen lees, without lying ; truly. [Chau- cer.] LEE'SOME, a. Pleasant; desirable.— Leesome-lane, dear self alone. [Scotch.] LEET, n. [add.] The district subject to the jurisdiction of a court-leet. — Also, a law-day, or the period or day of hold- ing legal inquiries. LEET'-MAN, n. One subject to the jurisdiction of a court-leet. LEE'VIN, \ppr. or a Living. LEE'VING, f [ScofcA.] LEE'WARDLY, a. A ship is said to be leewardly, when, sailing close-hauled, she makes a great deal of leeway. It is opposed to weatherli/. LEFE.t a. [Sax. leaf.] Pleasing; agree- able; dear; beloved; pleased. [See Lief.] [Chaucer.] LEFE,t n. One loved or beloved; a friend. [Chaucer.] LEFT-H.\ND, n. The hand on the left side. LEFT-HAND, a. Relating to the left hand; sinistrous ; left-handed. LEFT- HANDED, a. [add.] Le/t- handed marriaye. [See Morganatic Marriage in this Supp.] LEFT'-OFF, pp. or a. Laid aside; no longer worn ; as, left-off clothes. LEFT-WIT'TED,t «• Dull; stupid; foolish LE'FllLL.t a. Lawful. [Chaucer^, LEG ABLE, a. [L. leyabilis.] Capable of being bequeathed. LEG'ACY, n. [add.] Demonstratire legacy, one that partakes somewhat of the nature of both a general and a specific legacy ; as a gift of so much monev, with reference to a p.irticular fund for payment. — Contingent legucii, a legacy given so as to take effect upon some particular contingency. — Condi- tional legacy, a legacy given upon a condition.— Fcsfed legacy. [See Vest- ed.]— inpserf legacy. [See Lapsed.] LEGACY-HUNTING, n. An eager pursuit of legacies. LE'GAL DEBTS, n. Debts that are recoverable in a court of common-law ; as a bill of exchange ; a bond ; a simple contract debt. LE'GAL FICTION, n. See Fiction. LEGA'LIS HOMO, ». [L.] A man who stands rectus in curia ; neither out- lawed, excommunicated, nor infamous. LE'GALIS.^I, Jt. Adherence to the law ; legal doctrine. LE'GALIST, n. An adherent to the law; one who relies for salvation upon the works of the law, or on good works. LEGALIZA TION, n. The act of le- galizing. LE'GALNESS, n. Same as Legality. LE'GAL REVERSION. See Legal, n. LEGATOR', n. [L ] A testator; one who bequeaths anything. [Lit. us.] LEG'-BAIL, n. To give or take leg-bail, is to escape from custody or from ap- prehension, and run away. It is also said of one who in any case provides for his safety by flight. [Scutch.] LEOERDEMAIN'IST, n. One who practises legerdemain, iofl LE6(5E,t V. t. To ease; to alleviate. [See Aleoe in this Supp.] [Chaucer.] LEG'GET, n. A kind of tool used by reed-thatchers. [Local.] LEG'GINGS, In. [From leg.] Long LEG'GINS, ( gaiters, reaching up to the knees. [Scotch.] LEOlfeRDEMAlNE ,t «• See Leger- demain. [Spe/wer.J LE'GION, n. [add.] Legion of Honour, an order instituted in France by Napo- leon when first consul, as a reward for merit, both civil and military. The order consisted, under the empire, of grand crosses, grand officers, command- ers, officers, and legionaries. LEGISLA'TION, n. [add.] The making of positive law. LEG ISLATIVELY, adv. In a legisla- tive manner. LEGISLATOR, rather than LEGIS- LATOR. LEGISLATORIAL, a. Relating to a legislatm'e. LEG ISLATRESS, LEG'ISLATRIX, rather than LEGISLA'TRESS, LE- GISLA'TRIX. LEGITIMACY, n. [add.] Regular sequence or deduction ; as, the legiti- macy of a conclusion. LEGITIMATE, a. [add.] Following by regular or natural sequence ; as, a legitimate result. LEGIT'IM.VTING, n. The act of mak- ing legal ; the act of giving the right of lawful birth , LEGIT'IMATIST, n. Same as Legiti- mist. LEGITIMIST, II. [add.] In France, formerly an adherent of the elder branch of the Bourbon family, which was driven from the throne in 1830; at present an adherent of the Orlean dynasty, driven from the throne in 1848. LEGIT'IMIZE, f. t. To legitimate. LEGLIN, 71. A wooden milk-pail.— Leglin girth, girth of a milk -pail. [SfoWi.J LEG-LOCK, 71. A lock for the leg. LEIE.t V. t. [Sax.] To lay. [Chaucer.] LEIGER.t "■ A resident ambassador. [See Leger.]— ieijer-ftooA, a leger- book. LEI OTHRIX, 71. A genus ot birds known by the name of silky chatterers, family Ampelidffi, so called from their soft feathers. LEI'POA, 71. [Gr. in™, I leave, and «.., an egg, from its supposed habits.] .-V genus of gallinaceous birds. L. ocel- lata, the only known species, isthe native pheasant of tlie colonists of West- ern Australia, wliich ip its habits is very like the domestic fowl. LEI'SER,t «• [El-] Leisuie. [Chaucer.] LEISURE, a. Free from business; idle; vacant; as, leisure time, leisure hours. LEISURED, a. Having leisuie; unem- ployed. „_ LEITE,t n. [Sa.x.] Light.— rAonder- Icite, lightning. [Chaucer.] LEI\.E,t "• [Sax.] A leek; anything of very small value. [C/i«Kcei-.] LEKE,t a. for Leakt. [Speiiser.] LEMES,t 71. plur. [See Leme.] Flames. [Chaucer.] LEM'MAN,t 71. See Leman. [Chaucer.] LEMMING, 71. [add.] The lemmings constitute the genus Georychus ot II- liger. There are several species, vary- ing in size and colour according to the regions they inhabit. They are found in Norway, Lapland, Siberia, and the northern parts of America. Those ot Norway are about the size of a water- rat, while those of Lapland and Siberia LENTICULAR LERE LET mark of addi- are scarcely larger than a field-mouse. The Norway lemming is the G. letnmus, and the Hudson's Bay lemming, the G. fnidsonius, about the size of a rat. LEMNIS €ATE, instead of LEM'NIS- €ATE. LEMN1S'€US, n. [L. a riband.] A term applied to the minute riband-shaped appendages of the generative pores in Entozoa. — In anc. costume, a various- coloured woollen fil- let or riband pend- ant at the back part of the head, from diadems, crowns, &c. ; it was likewise attached to prizes as tional honour. LEJI'ON, n. [add] Sweet lemon, the Citrus lumia, cultivated in the south of Europe. LEM'ON, a. Belonging to, or impreg- nated with lemon. LEMURID^, n. The lemurs, a family of quadrumanous animals which supply the place of monkeys in Madagascar, and some parts of Africa and India. LEND, V. t. [add.] To lend a hand, to assist. \A marine phrase.~\ LENDES.t n. plur. [See Loin.] The loins. IChaucer.] LENE,f a. Lean. [Chaucer.] LENE,} I', t [Sa.\.] To lend; to grant. [Chaucer,] LENG'ERjf a. comp. Longer. [Chau- cer.] LENGTH'ENED, a. Prolonged; hav- ing length ; as, a lengthened discourse. LENGTHILY, adv. With length; at great length or extent. LENGTH'WAYS, adv. Same as Lengthwise. LENGTHY, a. fadd.] This word origi- nated in the United States, but it is now in general use in this country. LE'NIENCE, \n. Mildness; gentleness; LE'NIENCY, f lenitv. LE'NIENTLY, adv. With lenity; miti- gatingly; assuagingly. LENS, n. [add.] Coddinrjton le/is, or grooved sphere, a lens which consists of a sphere of glass divided into two portions by a deeply-cut circulargroove, which is filled up with opaque matter. It resembles the crystalline lens of the cuttle-fish. — Stanhope lens is a thick lens, of which the foci of the two ends are different ; in this the object is moist- ened and placed on the one surface- LENT, ) [It.] In music, a term LENTAN'DO.J which directs to a gradual retarding of time. LENT,t a. [add.] Gentle; mild. LENTE,t ?y'. Lent. [Chaucer.] LENTIBULA'CE^, n. A small nat. order of monopetalous exogenous plants, very closely resembling Scrophularia- ceie. The species are natives of marshes, rivulets, or fountains, in all parts of the world, especially within the tropics. The only well-known genera are Utri- cularia and Pinguicula. LENTICEL'L^. n. [From Fr. lenti- celle.] In bot., lenticular glands, or brown oval spots, found upon the bark of many plants, especially willows, which give rise to adventitious roots. LENTie ULAR, a. [add.] In anat., a term applied to parts which are about the size of a lentil-seed. — Lentiatlar ganglion, the ciliary ganglion, situated at the external side of the optic nerve. — Lenticular papilla, the papillffi at the posterior part of the tongue. — Lenticu- lar bone, the os orhiculare of the ear. LENTICULAR, n. In surgeru, an in- strument for removing the irregularities of bone from the edge of the perfora- tion made in the cranium with the trephine. LEN'TIL ORE, n. An arseniate of cop- per; also called lenticular arseniate. LEN'TISK, n. The mastich-tree. [See Lentiscus.] LENT'ON.t n. The season of Lent. [Chaucer.] I/EN' VOY,t n. [Fr. See Envoy.] A sort of postscript sent with poetical composi- tions, and serving either to recommend them to the attention of some particular person, or to enforce what we call the moral of them. It was sometimes used for a conclusion generally. [Chaucer. ] LE'ON,tn. [Gr.ii»..] Alion. | Chaucer.] LEONTI'ASIS,)!. [Gr. XM..a. Hon.] A tubercular species of elephantiasis. LEOPARD, n. (lep'ard.) [.add.] The common leopard is the Felis leopardus; the hunting-leopard or cheetah, the Gue- l^ardajubala,^useiu\ and docile species, which inhabits the greater part both of Asia and Africa. It has only semi-re- tractile claws, so that they are easily blunted. In India and Persia hunting- leopards are employed in the chase. LEOP'ART,t ) n. A leopard. [Chau- LEP'ARD,t ) cer.] LE'OS,fn.[GT.kxc!.]Veop\e.[Chaucer.] LEPADOG ASTER, n. A genus of small malacopterygious fishes, which have the power of attaching themselves to rocks, and other hard substances, by means of the disc. LEP'ANDE.f p;)r. Leaping. [Chaucer.] LEPE.t ". t. or i. To leap. LEPE,f) for Lepeth, third pers. sing. LEP,t ) of Lepe. [Chaucer.] LEP^'^ \ '"'''• ^"'^ Leped. [Cfiauccr.] LKPE.t ) 1. [Sax. leap:] A basket, LE AP,t S hamper, or pannier of osiers. LEP'IDOIDS, instead of LE'PID- OIDS. LEPIDOSI'REN, n. A genus of batra- chian reptiles belonging to the family Proteida>. Some naturalists place these animals among the fishes. LEPIDO'SIS, n. [Gr. XETit, a scale.] An efflorescence of scales over different parts of the body ; called also scale- shin. LEPIDOS'TEUS, n. A genus of fishes, with very Viony polished scales; and hence known by the name of bony- pikes. Family Clupeidae. They are only found in North America, and re- semble many of the fossil genera more than any other living fishes. LEPOR'IDiE, II. A family of rodent animals, including the hare, rabbit, &c. LEPRA'RIA, n. A genus of lichens, most commonly found on old pales or rocks. They are generally of a yellow- ish cast. L. ochraeea is one of the lichens used in dyeing. LEP'TIDES, n. A subfamily of dipte- rous insects, distinguished by the pro- boscis being short and membranous. The type of this subfamily is the genus Leptis, the larvaj of which excavate funnel-shaped cavities in the sand for the purpose of entrapping insects. LEPTOCEPH'ALUS, n. A genus of fishes belonging to the eel tribe. The L. morrisii is found on the British coast. LE'FUS, n. [add.] The Hare, a southern constellation containing nineteen stars. It is situated directly under Orion. LERE.t n. The complexion ; the skin. [Chaucer.] 237 LER'ED,t pret. and pp. of Lere. Learn- ed ; taught. [Chaucer.] LERN^'ADiE, In. A group of para- LERN^'ANS, ( sitic suctorial crus- taceans, having the mouth armed with piercing mandibles, and the feet, jaws, and true legs undeveloped. The ler- naea is not unfrequently found on the eyes and gills of fish. LERN^'ANS, instead of LERNE- ANS. LERNE,t V. t. To learn ; to teach. [See Lere.] [Chaucer.] LE ROY LE VENT, [add.] The phrase at present is La Heine le vent, the queen wills it; and instead of Le Roy s^avisera, the phrase is La Reine s^avisera, the queen will advise upon it. LESE.t n. [Ft.] A leash.— In lustie lese, in love's leash. [Chaucer.] LESE,t a. [Sax. leas.] False; lying. [Chaucer.] LESE.t V. t. [Sax.] To lose. [Chaucer.] LESE MAJESTY, n. [L. l/esio, to in- jure.] Any crime committed against the sovereign power in a state ; high treason. LESETH,t second pers. plur. imper. Lose ye. [Chaucer.] LESS, a. [add.] In less, in less time ; in shorter time ; as, in less than a month the ship will arrive. LEST,t V. i. To list ; to listen. [Spemer.] LEST,+ ) LIST,t \ n. Pleasure. [Chaucer.] LUST,t) LESTE,t a. for L\ST. [Chaucer.] LESTE.t a. superl. Least. [Chaucer.] LESTE,t ) V. t. [Sax. listan, or Uistan.] LISTE,+ >• To wish ; to desire ; to LUSTE,t ; please. It is generally used as an impersonal, in the third person only, for it pteasetk, or it jHeased. [Chaucer.] LES'TRIS, n. A genus of palmipede birds, distinguished from the true gulls by their membranous nostrils being larger, and opening nearer to the point and edge of the beak ; the tail is also pointed. The L. parasiticus is the arc- tic gull, and the L. cataractes,t\\e Skua gull; the most formidable of all the Head Of Skua gull, Lestris cataractes. gull kind. They both force gulls and other sea-birds to give up their prey; hence their name, lestris meaning a robber. LET, V. t. [add.] To stay. [S/iaft.]— To omit; to withhold; to keep back; to leave ; to relinquish ; to yield ; to give or grant; to cause. [Chaucer.] — To let in or into, to insert, as a piece of wood, into a space made in another piece to receive it. — To lei on, to men- tion; to disclose; to betray a know- ledge or consciousness of anything. [Vulgar.]— To let drive, or let flij, to send forth or discharge with violence, as an arrow, stone, &c.— To let slip, to let go; to let loose; to omit; to lose by negligence. LET, V. t. [add.] To let abee, to let alone. To let on, to acknowledge; to con- fess; to seem to observe anything; to LEUCOPHA>'E LEX MERCATORIA LIBERTY mention a thing. — Lei that jiee stick to the wa\ let that alone. [Scoich.'\ LETjf V. i. [add.] In modem phrase, to be leased or let : as. a house to let. LE'TE.f H. The river Lethe. [Chaucer.] LET'GAME,t 71. [Lei, hinderance, and game, sport, play.] A hinderer of plea- sure. \Chaurer.] LETH'AR6iZE, v. i. To render lethar- gic, i Bare.j LETH'AKGlZED, pp. or a. Rendered lethargic; drowsy. [Rare.] LETH EUIN, n. A beating; a drubbing. [Scotch.] LETT,t r. t. [See Let.] To hinder.— Lett be (imperat.), leave off; away with. [Spenser] LETTE,t n. Delay; hinderauce. [Chau- cer.] LET TER,n. [add.] Bead letter, a letter left in a post-othce, and not called for. — Letter of exchange, a bill of exchange. — Letters-patent, [add.] The instrument by which the cro^nii conveys to an in- dividual specified therein, the sole right to make, use, or dispose of some new invention or discovery, for a limited period. [See Patest. 1 Lands, hon- ours, liberties, franchises, &c., are granted by letters-patent, and peers are sometimes created by letters-patent. — Letters of request, letters which dispense with the necessity of instituting a suit, in the first instance, in the consistory court, and authorize it to be instituted in the court of arches. — Letters of crC' dence. [See Credentials.] LETTER-CARRIER, n. A post-man. LET TERIXG, n. The act of impressing letters.— 2. The letters impressed. LET'TERIZE, t*. i. To write letters. [Rare.] LET TERLING, n. A little letter. LET TEK-OFFICE, n. A depository for letters. LET TERS CLAUSE, n [L. clausxts, close, shut.] Close letters, opposed to letters-patent, being commonly sealed up with the roval signet, or privy seal. LETTER -WRITER, n. One who ^vrites letters; a book which teaches the proper modes of writing letters; an instrument for copying letters. LET TIN'G, n. The act of granting upon lease. — In the United States, the putting out of portions of work, to be performed by conti-act, as on a railway or canal. LET'TRED,! a. Lettered ; learned. [Chaucer.] LETTRrKE',t \n. fFr.j Literature. LETTERURE',t ] [Chaucer.] LETT'UARlE,t n. [Fr.] An electuary. [Chaucer.] LETTUCE, .i. [add.] 5ee Lactuca. LET'TUCE-OPIUM, n. Lactucarium, — ichich see. LEUCADEX'DRON, n. A genus of splendid evergreen shrubs, with hand- some foliage, and heads of yellow flowers, nat. order Proteaceae ; habitat Cape of Good Hope. The L. argeiiteum is the silver-tree, much prized by gar- deners for ornamenting conservatories. LEU €OL, n. A particular substance produced in the distillation of coal. LEUCOPATH'IA, or LEUCOP'- ATHY, n. [Gr. Xi««, white, and Tafl«, affection.] The condition of an albino, or a white person born of black parents. LEU COPHANE, n. [Gr. \iv^e Lichenin. LICHE'-WAKE,t n. [See LicH.] The custom of watcliing with the dead. [See Wake.] [Chaucer.] LI'-CHI, 11. The fruit of the Nephelium litchi, a delicious Chinese fruit, liaving a sweet subacid vinous pulp. LIGHT, n. Light. [Scotch.] LIGHT, <;. Light ; not heavy. [Scotch.] LICITA'TION, ». [L. liceo, to set a price for sale.] Tiie act of exposing to sale to the highest bidder. LICK'-PENNY, H. A greedy covetous person. [Scotch.] LICME'TIS, for LICME'TIS. LieilOPH'OKA, n. In hot., a genus of Diatomace^e, having several narrow frustules, placed in afan-shaped manner at the extremity of a brandling stalk. They are very beautiful oljjects. LIC'NON, instead of LICNON. HCNO'PHOKI, instead of LICNO'- PHORI. LIDE,t n. for Ltdia. [Chaucer.] LIE, n. See Lve. Lie, v. i. [add.] To reside ; to dwell ; to sojourn. [Shah.]— To lie along, to lean oyer with a side wind, as a ship. — To tie along the land, to keep a course nearly parallel to the land.— To lie to. A ship is said to lie to, when lier progress is checked, either by counterbracing the yards or taking in sail. LIEF,-|- a. [add.] Willing; pleasing; agreeable; pleased; glad. [Spenser.] LIEFjf n. One loved or beloved ; a friend. [Spenser.] LIEFE.f a. See Lief in this Supp. LIEG'ES, n. plur. [Fr.] Subjects. [Cltaucer.] LIEN, n. (leen.) [add.] A lien is either particular, as a riglit to retain a thing for some charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, the identical II. — Supp. LIGNUM-ALOES thing ; or general, as a right to retain a thing, not only for charges and claims specifically of, or connected with, the identical thing, but also for a general balance of accounts between the par- ties in respect to other dealings of the like nature. Liens are said to exist only in three ways; either by express contract, by usage of trade, or where there is some legal relation. H'EN,! present tense jilur. of Lie or Ligge. [Chaucer.] LIES.t n. plur. [Fr.] Lees. [Chaucer.] LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR, n. A deputy-governor. LIFE, n. [add.] For life, with the utmost exertion ; so as to save the life ; as, to run for life ; to swim for life. LIFE'-ASSU'RANCE, n. A transaction whereby a sum of money is secured, to be paid upon the death of the person whose life is assured, or upon the failure of one out of two or more joint-lives. [See Insurance.] LIFE'-DROP, n. A vital drop or par- ticle. LIFE'-ESTATE, n. A freehold, not of inheritance, or an estate which the owner has for his own life only, or the life of some other person, or until tlie happening of some uncertain event. LSFE'-INTEREST, n. An estate or in- terest wliich lasts during one's life, or the life of some other person. LiFE'-LAND, \n. Land held on a lease LIFE'-HOLD, f for lives. LIFE '-LINES, n. In ships, ropes stretch- ed from the lift to the tie, on each side of an upper yard, a little above it, for the security of the men when reefing the sail. LIFE'- RENEWING, a. Renewing life ; re-animating. LIFE'-RESTOR'ING, a. Restoring or recovering life. LIFE-STRING, 71. A nerve or string imagined to convey life. LIFE'-SUSTAINING, a. Supporting or sustaining life. LIF'LY,t ado. Like the life. [Chaiicer.] LIFT, n. A coarse rough gate without hinges, and which must be lifted up to let one pass through. [Local.] LIFT, I., t. To carry off by tlieft.— To lift cattle, to make a prey of cattle ; to drive away cattle forcibly as a booty. — To lift rents, to collect rents. [Scotch.] LIFT'ER, n. [add.] A thief; a sort of key for opening a door. LIFT'ERS, n. Cattle-dealers; persons who forcibly drove cattle as a booty. [Scotch.] LIFT'-LOCK, 71. A name sometimes given to a canal -lock, because it lifts or raises a boat from one level to another. LIFT'-TENT'ER, n. In mech., the go- vernor of a wind-mill driving flour- stones, for regulating the distance be- tween the upper and lower stones, according to the velocity. LIFT'-WALL, n. [add.] The cross-wall of a lock-chamber of a canul. LIGGE.tl'''- To'iedo'vn. LIG'AN, n. [Fr. lier, to tie.] A wreck, consisting of goods sunk in the sea, but tied to a cork or buoy, in order to be found again. Also written Lagan. [See Jetsam.] LI(:i'EANCE,t n. [Fr.] Allegiance. [Chaucer.] LIGGE,t t v i. To lie down. [Chau- LI€,t / cer.] LIG'GEN, present tense plur. of Ligge, to lie. [Spenser.] LIG'GER, n. The horizontal timber of 239 a scaffolding; called also ledger.— 2. A line with a float and bait, used for catching pike. [Local.] LlG'GING,t PPr. Lying. [Chaucer.] LIGHT, Ji. [add.] An illustrious person; as, the lights of antiquity. — In law, a right to have the access of the sun's rays to one's windows or premises, free from any obstruction. An absolute right to light may be acquired by twenty years' uninterrupted enjoyment, unless the use lias been enjoyed by some consent or agreement made or given by deed or writing.— .4r((^Cia? lights, contrivances for the illumination of apartments, as candles, lamps, gas-light, bude-light, &c. — Ltarhour-lights, sucb as are placed at the extremity of one of the arms forming the entrance to a harbour, for the purpose of guiding vessels in and out during the night, &e. Light, adv. Lightly ; cheaply. LIGHT, 1'. (. [add.] To light along a rope or sail, in mar. Ian., is to assist in hauling it along. LIGHT, V. t. [add.] To enlighten; to make light or pleasant. [Chaucer.] LIGHT,t for Lightly. Quickly. [Spenser.] LIGHT'-B ALLS, n. In military affairs, hollow cases, either si>herical or in the form of cylinders, terminated at each extremity by a hemisphere. They are filled with a combustible composition, and being thrown, by night, in a burn- ing state from mortars, or in some cases from tlie hand, they serve to dis- cover the working parties or troops of the enemy. LIGHT -EQUA'TION.n. In astr., the name given to the correction required in calculating the time of the eclipses of Jupiter's satellites, in consequence of the time employed by light in tra- versing the solar system. LIGHT'EN, i>. t. [add.] To emit like lightning. [Sliak.] LIGHT'-FOOT, n. Venison. [A cant word.] LIGHT'-HANDED, a. Among seamen, said of a vessel when she is short of her complement of men. LIGHT'HOUSE, n. [add.] Of late years lenses have in many instances been substituted for reflectors in light- houses, in accordance with the French system. This dioptric system is said to be peculiarly adapted to fixed lights, as by means of it a liglit of equal in- tensity is distributed round every point of the horizon, and it is attended with less expense and trouble. The lights of diflerent lighthouses are distin- guished by their colour, by the time of revolution, or by the interval that elapses between the successive appear- ances of the lights. There are also flashing-liijlits, intermittent lights, and double lights. LIGHTLY, adv. [add.] Commonly. [Shah.] LIGHTLY, V. t. To slight; to make light of. [A'co/t7i.] LIGHT'- WATER LINE. See Wateb- LlNE. LIGNEjt \n. [Fr.] Lineage; descent. LIGNEE',t ( \Chauccr.] LIGNOSULPHU'KIC ACID, n. Sul. pholignic acid, obtained by the action of suliihuric acid on lignine. LIGNUM, n. [L.] Wood ; that portion of arborescent plants which comprises the alburnum and the duramen. LIGNUM-ALOES, n. Aloes-wood; a fragrant resinous substance, consisting of the interior of the trunk of the 8b LIMACINA LIMITATION LINGUISTICS Aquilaria ovafa or eagle-wood, and Aquilaria agalhchum. [See Agallo- CHUM.] LI'GONE, n. [From lignum, wood.] A liquid obtained from wood-spirit by distillation ; called also xylite. LIG'ULA, n. [L.] In law, a copy or transcript of a court-roll or deed.— In bot. [See Ligule.] A strap-shaped petal of flowers of tbe class Syngenesia, Linn. — la entom., a genus of Entozo.i, belonging to the family Cestoidee of Cuvier. LIKE, n. [add.] Probability; as, 'tis great like he will thrire. [Shak.^ lAliS,. A frequent termination of ad- jectives in English, from the Sax. Uc^ softened into Jy ; as, ma.nlike, man/.v. LIKE, V. t. [add.] To esteem, whetlier favourably or unfavourably; as, she wished to see how they liked her. [Ad- dison. 1 Likely, adv. [add.] As may reason- ably be thought; so circumstanced or qualified as to give probable expectation. LIKE'NESS, n. [add.] ComeUness. [Shak.] LIK'EROUS,t a. [See Licrerisii.] Gluttonous; lascivious. [Cfiaucer.] LIKE-WAKE, In. [See Lich, and LTKJE'-WAKE, ( Wake.] The watch- ing of a corpse before interment. [Scotch.'] LIKING, ppr. [add.] Pleasing. [Chau- cer.] LI'LA€, n. Dele sig. 2. LIXAC, a. Having tlie colours of lilac; as, a lilac dress, lilac dve. LI'LACINE, H. The bitter crystalliz- able principle of Syringa vuhjarisj or lilac. LILIPU'TIAN, n. One belonging to a diminutive race, described in Swift's imaginary kingdom of Liliput. — 2. A person of a very small size. LILIPU'TIAN, a. Very small; pig- mean. LILL,t r. I. or /. To loll. LlLLED,t pret. of Lill {LoU). Lolled; thrust out, as the tongue. [Spenser.] LlL'Y-BEETLE.H.Asmallbeetlefound on the white-lily. The larva of this species covers its back with its excre- ment, which serves to protect it; hence its specific name (Crioceris merdigera). LIL'Y-ENCRIN- ITE, n, A fossil zoophjte, thei'H- crinites monili- formis, one of the most beautiful of the crinoidean fa- mily. It is found in the muschel- kalk of the new red-sandstone group, and is so named, because the arms, wheu folded, resemble the head of a lily. LlL'Y-PINK,n. A plant, the AphyU lanthes monsepeli- ensi.t. LILY-THORN, h. A plant, the Gates- bcEa spinosa. Ll'MA, 71, A genus of conchiferous mollusca, inhabiting a longitudinal shell, almost always white, and nearly equivalve. Lamarck places this genus in his family Pect€nides. Two or three species are found on our coasts. LIMA'CEOUS, a. Belonging to the slug, or naked snail, the Limax of Linn. LLMACl'NA, n. A genus of mollusca, LHy-encrinite. BnerinUe* moniliformis- belonging to the order Pteropoda, found in the northern seas. LIMACl'N^E, V. The slug family, of which the genus Limax is the type. It consists of terrestrial animals, which have either no shell or one much too small to contain the body. They all feed on vegetable substances. LliMAlLE',t ». [Fr.] FiUags of any metal. [Chaucer.] LI'iMAX, n. A genus of naked gaster- opodons molluscs, belonging to the order Pulmonea of Cuvier, and known by the common name of slugs. They are diffused throughout all climates, particular species being restricted to each, and they are everywhere regarded as inveterate destroyers of garden-pro- duce. LIMB, n. [add.] Limb of the law, a member of the legal profession. LIM'BATE,fl. In ftof., bordered; when one colour is smTOunded by an edging of another. LIMBER-BOARDS, n. In ships, short planks placed over the Umber-holes to keep out dirt, &c. LlM'BER-KENTLED<^E,n. Blocks of iron fitted to go down between the floor-timbers, as ballast. LIM'BER-PASSAGE,H. 5eeLiMBEUS. LIM'BILITE, n. A granular mineral found in the volcanic formation of Limbourg. LIMBO, n. [add.] A region bordering on hell. The term has been applied by the poets to supposed places lying on the outer borders of hell. Shakspeare applies it to hell itself. Ariosto makes it the place of all lost things; JMilton, the paradise of fools. The term is also applied to a place of restraint or con- finement. LIM'BUS, n. [add.] In scholastic theol., the same as limbo The Umbus patriim was considered as a place for the souls of good men until the coming of our Saviour. The limbus infantum was a similar place for the souls of unbap- tized infants. LIME, n. [add.] Sieeet lime, the Citrus linietta, which is cultivated in the south of Europe, and produces an inferior sort of lemon LIMED, pp [add.] Caaght as with bird-lime. [Chaucer.] LIMED, t pp. [Fr. limer.] Polished as with a tile. [Chaucerl] LIMENI'TIS, n. A genus of butterflirs, of the family Nymphalidic. L. Camilla, or honeysuclde-butterfly, is found in this countrv. LIME-PLANT, n. The May-apple, Podophyllum peliaium. LlM'EU,t n. [Fr. limier.] A blood- hound. [Chaucer.] LLUE'-ROD,t V. A twig with bird- lime. [Chaucer.'\ LiME'-WORT, n. A plant, a species of Dianthus. LIM'ITARY, n. [add.] Circumscribed or bounded in power or authority; as, a limitary king. LIMITATION, n. [add.] In /a?r, per- sonal actions of trespass or debt on simple contract, must be commenced within six yeai-s after the cause of action, with the exception of actions of assault, menace, and imprisonment, which are limited to four years. Penal actions for forfeitures made by statute, must be sued in general within two years or one year. By the statute 3 and 4 William IV., c. 27, all process for the recovery of land by entry or distress, or by action, whether real or mixed, 240 must be commenced within twenty years after the right of action accrued. Persons, at the time their right fii"St ac- crued, imder disability of infancy, co- verture, idiotey, lunacy, unsounduess of mind, imprisonment, or absence beyond seas, and their representatives, are al- lowed ten years from the termination of their disability. This statute extends both to suits in equity and actions at law. LIMITED, pp. or a. [add.] Legalized; appointed. [5AaA.] LIMITED ADMINISTRATION, n. In law, a special administration of cer- tain specific eftects, as a term of years, &-C. LIM'ITOUR,t n. Sec Limiter. [Chau- cer.] LIM ITS, n. phtr. Calculations; esti- mates. [Shah.] LI^IMES,t n. plin: Limbs, [aiaucer.] H'MONINEjJh. a bitter crystalliz- LFMONE, i able matter found in the seeds of oranges, lemons, &c. LI'MONITE, 71. [Gr. X£i.t**r, a meadow.] A variety of brown iron-ore. LIMO'SA, H. The godwits, a genus of wading birds, frequenting marshes and the sea-shore. [See Godwit in Diet. and in this Supp.] HM'ULUS, n. King-crab, a genus of large crustaceans. [See King-Crab.] LIN,f V. I. [add.] To cease ; to stop. [Spenser.] LIN'A6E,t n. Lineage; family. [Chau- cer.] LIND, n. See Lixdex. LINDE,t n. [Sax.] The lime-ti-ee. [Chaucer.] LIN DEN, a. Belonging to the lime or linden tree. Line, h. [add.] Line of packets, a series of vessels trading regularly between ports with goods and passengei*s. — In tnech.y the line of action is the line of dij-ection of the link in link-work, or the line of the common normal to the curves in rolling-motion. — The line of centres is the right line which joias the centres of motion. LINE, V. t. [add.] To line bees, in the United States, is to track wild bees to their homes in the woods. LIN'EA, n. plur, Line(E, [L.] A line of any kind ; a streak ; a string ; a degree of kindred. — In anat., a linear fibre or process. LINEAL CONSANGUINITY, n. In law, that relationship which subsists between persons descended in a right line, as grandfather, father, son, grand- son. [See CoNSANGiixiTr.] LIN'EAL DESCENT, «. In laic, the descent of an estate from ancestor to heir in a right line. LIN'EN, n. [add. J The under part of dress, as being chiefly made of linen; often used in the plm-al. LINERS, n. Packet-ships regulai-ly trading to and from certain ports ; as, the Liverpool and New York liners. — Also, a name sometimes given to ships of war and to their crews. LlNG'EL,t) n. [Fr. ligneul.] A shoe- LING'LE,t)i latchet; a shoemaker's thread; a little tongue or thong of leather. LINGUAL, n. A letter pronounced by the tongue. LINGUISTIC, \fl. Relating to lan- LINGUIS'TICAL,/ guage, or to the afiinities of language. LINGUISTICS, n. The science of lan- guages, or of the origin, significations, atfinities, and application of words. LION'S-EAR LITEKALIZE LITTER LIN'GULA, n. A genus of conchiferous inollusca found in the Philippine Isles, &c., and constituting a singular ano- maly, as being the only known bivalve shell that is pedunculated. LINIfiEROUS, a. Bearing flax; pro- ducing linen. LIN'ING, ppr. [add.] Drawing lines upon; marking with lines. LIN'ING, n. [add.] The act of drawing lines upon, or mai-king with lines. LINKjf n, A sausage. — In meek., any straight rod connecting two rotating pieces by flexible joints.— Z,!nAs of a parallel moliun. [See P.ik.^llel Mo- tion.] LINK, c. i. [add.] To be joined in mar- riage; to ally one's self; as, to link with one. [Shah.] LINK, V. i. To « alk smartly ; to trip ; to do anything smartly and quickly. [Scotch.] IJNK'ING, ppr. Walking quicldy and lightly; doing anything quickly and with spirit. [Scotch.] LINK'-JIOTION, n. Jlotion communi- cated by links, applied especially to a system of gearing for working the valves of a locomotive-engine, in con- tradistinction to cam-motion. LINKS, n. The windings of a river ; the ground lying among the windings of a river ; the sandy fiat ground on the sea- shore, covered with I)ent-grass, furze, &c. In this sense nearly synonymous with downs in England. [Scotch.] LINK'-WORK, n. The general term applied in mechanics to that species of gearing by which motions are trans- mitted by links, and not by wheels or bands. LINN, n. See Lin. LI'NOUS, a. Relating to, or in a line. LIN-PIN, )n. The key-pin which LINCH'-PIN, f keeps the wheel of a cart on the axle. LIN'SEED-€AKE, n. The solid mass or cake which remains when oil is ex- pressed from flax-seed. LIN'SEY, 71. fadd.] Linsey-woolsey. LIN'SEY-WOOL'SEY,n. [add.] A jar- gon ; gibberish. [SAaA.]— After " hence," insert, as an adieclive. LI NUM €ATliARTieUM, n. Furg- ing-flax, a plant growing in damp mea- dows and fields. It is bitter, purgative, and diuretic. LI'ON, H. [add.] Of the African lion there are several varieties, as the Bar- bary lion, Senegal lion. Cape lion. The Asiatic varieties are generally distin- guished as the Bengal lion, the Per- sian or Arabian lion, and the maneless lion of Guzerat. The American lion is the puma (Pells concolor). — The term lion is colloquiallf/ applied to an object of interest and curiosity ; as, the lion of tlie day; to visit the lions of a place. This use of the term is derived from the lions kept as objects of curiosity in the Tower of London. LI'ON-DOG, n. A species of dog which has a flowing mane. LI'ONEL, n. A lion's whelp; a young lion. LI'ONISM, n. The act of attracting notice as a lion ; tlie pursuit of curiosi- ties or shows. [See Lion in this Supp.] LI'ONIZE, f. !. To visit the objects of curiosity in a place. LI'ON-LIZAKD, n. .\ name applied to the basilisk (Basillscus airiericanus), from the crest (or mane) on its back and tail. LION'S-EAR, )i. A plant of the genus Leonotis. LI'ONSHIP, n. The quality of a lion. LI ON'S-TOOTH, )i. A plant of the genus Leontodon. LION-TOOTHED, a. Having teeth like those of a lion. LIP, 71. [add.] In conchot, the outer edge of the aperture of a univalve shell. The two sides of the aperture of spiral shells are termed lips. LIPAKOCELE, «. [Gr. A,ja..,-, fat, and Kv-M, tumour.] A fatty tumour ; a species of sarcocele. LIPPEN, I'. (. To expect.— To lippen to, to rely upon; to trust to. [Scotch.] LIP'PIA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Verbenaceas. L. pseudo-thea, the Lantana pseudo-thea of Augustus de St. Hillaire, is a native of Brazil. It is aromatic and fragrant, and when dried forms an agreeable tea. LIPPIE,) n. The fourth part of a peck. LIP'PY, J [Scotch.] LIFTING, ppr. Making notches on the edge of a sword or knife. [Scotch.] LIP'PIT, pp. or a. Notched. [Scotch.] HQUEFA'CIENTS,n. In med., agents which augment the secretions, and pro- mote the liquefying processes of the animal economy. They are frequently termed resolvents. LIQUID-AMBER, n. [add.] The L. orienfale, Linn., Oriental liquid-amber tree, yields common storax, and is used as a stimulant expectorant. LIQUID'ITY, n. [add.] That condition of a material substance in which the particles have a perfect freedom of motion, without any sensible tendency to approach or recede from one another, except by the action of some external power. LIQUIDIZE, II. t. To make liquid. LIQUOR, n. [add.] Liijuor of .Hints, a solution of silicated potash. — To be in liquor, to be intoxicated, or drunk. [ Vulffar.] — Liquor of surfaces, the fluid poured out on the surfaces of every cavity in the body. — Liquor samjuinis, tlie fluid portion of the blood. LIQ'UORISH, a. See Lickerish. LIR'IPIPES,t n. [Fr. liripepion.] Pend- ant streamers or tails to a hood. LIS PEN'DENS. [add.] In fow, a pend- ing suit, or action. LISSE.t n. [Sax. li/.mn.] [See Less, Lessen.] Remission ; abatement. [Chau- cer.] LISSE,t I', t. To loose; to free from; to remit ; to abate. LISSE,t i". i. To grow easy ; to obtain relief. [Chaucer.] LIS'SED,fi)i). Eased; relieved. [Chau- cer.] LIST, n. [add.] Cloil list. [See Civil List in this Sitpp.] LIST, II. i. [add.] To hearken ; to at- tend ; to listen. LISTE.t II.*. [See Leste in this Supp.] [Chaucer.] LIS'TENETH,+ imperat. second pers. pi. of Listen. Hearken ye. [Chaucer.] LIST'ENING, ppr. ova. Hearkening; giving attention. LIST'ENING, n. The act of giving at- tention. LlSTES,t n. plur. Lists, a place in- closed for combats, &c. [Chaucer.] LISTS, n. plur. The ground or place inclosed for a race, combat, wrestling, &c. [See List, No. 2.] LIT'AR6E,t n. [Fr.j White-lead; litharge. [Chaucer.] LIT'EKAL, a. [add.] Relating to the alphabetic characters. LITERALIZE, v. t. To render literal; to conform to the letter, 211 LITERALLY, adv. [add.] Exactly; punctually; as, the prophecy has been literalhj accomplished. LIT'ERATE, n. One who has received an education out of a university or col- lege ; a man educated, but not gradu- ated. LIT'ERATURE, n. [add.] The collec- tive body of literary productions, em- bracing the entire results of knowledge and fancy preserved in writing. The term literature is sometimes used in a narrow sense, as synonymous with belles-lettres, or I'olite literature. HTERA'TUS,«. [L.] A man of letters. [Har. us. See Literati.] LITH, for LiETii. [Chaucer.] LITHEULY.t a'lv. [add.] Very ill. [Chaucer.] LITHI'ASIS, n. [Gr. A,8«, a stone.] The formation of a calculus or stone in the urinary passages. LITH'IATE, n. Same as Lithate. LITHOeHROJIAT'I€S,n.SeeLiTiio- CnROMICS. LTTHODER'MIS, n. [Gr. x.fe, and 2£;/*a, skin.] A genus of apodal echino- dermata, having an oval body, and so named because the surface is covered with a layer of calcareous granules, forming a hard crust. LITHODOME, instead of LITHO- DOM. LITHOGRAPHIC STONE, n. A slaty compact limestone, of a yellowish colour, and fine grain, used in litho- graphy. LITH ONTHRIPTIC, LITH'ON- TRIPTIC, or LITHONTHRIPTie, HTHONTRIPTie, a. LITHONTHRIPTie, LITH'ON- TRIPTIC, or LITHONTHRIPTie, LITHONTRIP'Tie, n. LITH'ONTRIPTOR, n. See Litho- IBIPTOK. LITHONTRYP'TIC, LITHON- THRYP'Tie. Same as Lithonteip- TIC, LITHONTHRIPTie. LITHOPHAGI, \n. [5ee Litho- LITHOPHAGID^,/ PHAGOUS.] A name applied to all conchifera, mol- lusca, radiata, &c., that penetrate stones, masses of madrepore, and other hard corals, forming a nidus or shallow basin-like lodgment for themselves. LITH'OTINT, n. A stone tint, dye, or colour. LITHOTOM'ICAL.a. SameasLiTUO- TOMIC. LITHOTRITOK, ??. Same as Litiio- TRIPTOR. LITHOX'YLITE, n. See Lithoxyle. LI'THY, a. [add.] Lazy; depraved; wicked. LIT'IGABLE, a. Subject to litigation. LITIGATE, V. t. [add.] To maintain bv disputation; to stickle for. LIT'IGATOR, n. One who litigates. LITIG'IOUS, a. [add.] In law, an epi- thet applied to a church where several persons lay claim to the patronage, and present several clerks to the ordinary, which excuses him from admitting any until the right is decided. LITISPEN DENCE,t »■ The time dur- ing which a lawsuit is going on. LIT'LING.t a. Very little. [Chaucer.] LITRAM'ETER, n. An instrument in- vented by Dr. Hare, of Pennsylvania, to ascertain the specific gravity of liquids. LITTER, 1'. I. To be supphed with bedding, as cattle. LITTER, I', t. [add.] To stock or fill with a vile worthless brood ; as, to litter all the land with all that is base. [Cowpcr.] LLOYD'S AGENTS LOBELIA LOCKMAN LIT'TLE-GO, 7). In the English tmi- vei'sities, a cant term for a public ex- amination, about the middle of the course, which, being less strict and less important in its consequences than the final one, has received this appellation. — Little-fjocs was a term also applied to a species of lottery, declared to be un- lawful by 42 Geo. III., c. H9. LITTORl'NA, n. [L. Utfiis, Uttoris, the sea-shore.] A genus of pectinibran- chiate molluscs, found on the sea-shores in all parts of the world, and which feed on sea-weed. They inhabit a thick, turbinated shell, of which the aperture presents a small angle, and is without a ridge. The common periwinkle is a specimen of this genus. LITUR'6l€S,«.Thedoctrine or theory of liturgies. LIT'URGUST, H. One versed in, or at- taclied to a liturgy. LIVAND,t ppr. Living. [Chaucer.'] LlVE,f n. Life. — On livCy in life; alive. — Ziue^crert/w/T, living creature. — Lives hod'/, living body. [Chaucer.] LIVE'-FEATHERS, n. Feathers which have been plucked from the living fowl, and are, therefore, more strong and elastic. LIVELIHOOD, n. [add.] LiveUness; cheerfulness. [Shah.] LIVE'-OAK, n. A species of oak (Q?ier- ciis virens)y which grows in the southern states of North America. It is of great durability, and is highly esteemed for ship-timber. LIV'ER-€OLOURED, a. Having the colour of the liver. LIV'EREY AND SEIS'IN.f n. De- livery and possession. [See Livery.] [Speiiser.] LIVERIED, a. Wearing a livery, as servants. LIVER-ORE, n. Hepatic mercurial ore. [See Hepatic] LIVER-PYRITES, n. Hepatic sul- phuret of iron. [See Hepatic] LIVER-SPOTS, H. A vernacular term for the disease properly called pityria- sis versicolor, which chiefly affects the arms, breast, and abdomen. LlV'ERYj 71. [add.] Livery in law, or icilhin view, is when, the parties being within sight of the land, the feofter re- fers to it, and gives it to the feoffee. [See Feoffment in this Supp.] LIVERY-OFFICE, n. An office ap- pointed for the delivery of lands. LIVING, ppr. or a. [add.] Actual; positive. [Shah.] — Living-roch, rock in its native or original state or loca- tion; as, seats cut in the living rock. Ll'VOU, n. [L.] A blackish mark on the body, caused by a blow, fall, &c. — Also, a dark circle round the eye. LIZ ARD, n. In marine lin., a piece of rope, sometimes with two legs, and one or more iron thimbles spliced into it. It is used in a vessel for various purposes. LIZARD-SEEKER, «. A genus of exotic cuckoos (Saurothera), so called because the birds live much on lizards, which they seek on the gi'ound. LLANDEI LO FLAGS, or LLAN- DEl'LO FORMATION, n. In geoL, the name of one of the lower silurian rocks, consisting of a bed, 1200 feet in thickness, of calcareous, dark-coloured flags, with sandstone and schist, and containing mullusca and trilobites. It is so named from the town of Llandeilo- Fawr, in Caermarthen, near wliich it OCCUl"S. LLOYD'S A6ENTS, n. Parties in va- rious quarters of the world, appointed by the associations of underwTiters at Lloyd's in London, and in Liverpool, Glasgow, &c., whose business it is to forward to their constituents accurate intelligence of the arrivals and sailings of vessels, of casualties at sea, &c. ; and to assist masters of merchant vessels in cases of misfortune. LLOYD'S LIST, ii. A London daily publication, containing full and early information as to shipping matters. LLOYD'S REGISTER, n. A register of British and foreigu shipping, pub- lished yearly. The names of the ves- sels are alphabetically arranged, and ranked in different classes, according to their qualifications ; their title to be in any class being determined by the re- port of surveyors, and by certain rules as to their construction, the nature of the materials, their state of repairs, age, &c. Load, 71. [add.] In mecft., an engine or other prime mover is said to be loaded when it is working to its full power, and the quantity of work it is then doing is called its load. The term burthen or burden is sometimes used in the same sense. L0AD'-WATERLINE,n.5eeWATEU- LlNE. LOAF, V. i. To lonnge; to idle away one's time. [Amei'ican.] [See Loafer.] LOAN, n. [add.] Gratuitous loan, or commodate, in law, the gratuitous lend- ing of an article to the borrower for his own use, which article must be used according to the lenders intention, and restored at the proper time and in pro- per condition. LOAN'ABLE, a. That may be lent. [Rare.] LOAN'ING, n. [See Loan.] A green sward on which cows are milked. [Scotch.] LOAN'-SOCIETIES, n. Institutions established for the purpose of advanc- ing money on loan to the industrious classes, and receiving back payment for the same by instalments, with interest. Such institutions are regulated by 3 and 4 Vict., c. 110. LOBBY, V. i. In the United Slates, to attempt to exert an influence on the members of a legislative body by per- sons not members of such body. These frequent the lobbies of the house, where they meet the members, and by various means attempt to influence them, or secure their votes for some favourite bill. The practice itself is called lub- b'/ing. LOB€OCK, ?i. [add.] A stupid, slug- gish, inactive person. LUBE, H. [add.] The designation of the portions into which the lower surface of the brain is divided; these are termed the anterior, the middle, and the poste- rior lobes. —In jiiech., the lobe of a cam- wheel is the portion of curve between two minor distances from the centre of rotation, and including a major distance between them. If the wheel has « lobes, then ^ is the lobe-angle, and n there are n lobes in a revolution. LOBE'-FOOT, n. Lobipes, a genus of birds allied to the Phalaropes, and re- sembling them in the toes being bor- dered with membranes. LOBELIA, //. [add.] L. cardinalis, cardinal-flower. [See Cardinal.] L. siphilitica, an American species, pos- sessing emetic, cathartic, and diuretic properties. 212 LOB'ELIN, n. A peculiar principle pre cured from Lobelia injiata, and said to resemble nicotina. LOB'LOLLY, n. Instead of defin. in Diet., substitute. An old term for thick spoon-meat of any kind. [Marhhamj Chambers.] LOB LOLLY-BOY, h. An attendant on the surgeon on board ships, who compounds the medicines and assists the siu'geon in his duties. LO BOITE, n. In mtn., a magnesian idocrase occurring in Norway. LOB'S€OUSE,n. Among seamen, a hash of meat with vegetables of various kinds ; an olio. LOB'STER, n. [add.] The lobsters be- long to the macrourous decapod crus- taceans. The common lobster, Astacus (lammarus, or Astacus marinus, is found in great abundance on many of the European shores. Lobsters are es- teemed a very rich and nourishing ali- ment, and they are generally in their best season from the middle of October till the beginning of May. A species allied to ours is found on the coasts of North America. Tlie fresh-water spe- cies are called craw-fish, or cray-fish. LOB'ULUSjH. [L.] A lobule or small lobe. LO'BUS, n. [L.] A lobe. LO'GAL, (I. [add.] Local courts, tribu- nals of a limited and special jurisdic- tion, as the several courts of request in England throughout the country. — Lo- cal allegiance, such as is due from an alien or stranger born, so long as he continues witliin the sovereign's do- minions and protection. — Local taxes, those assessments which are limited to certain districts, as poor-rates, paro- chial taxes, county-rates, &c. LOO ALE', n. [Fr. hcaL] A place; locality. \Rare.] LOGA'LES, 71. [L. /och.t, a place.] Local diseases; morbid affections which are partial. LOXALISM, n. [add.] A word or phrase limited to a particular place; a local community or interest. LOOALIZA'TION, n. The act of lo- calizing. LO'CATE, V. t. [add.] In America^ as applied to persons, to place in a par- ticular position; to place in a perma- nent residence; to settle. — Among the Methodists, to settle permanently as a preacher. LO'€ATE, V. i. To reside; to be placed ; to adopt or form a fixed resi- dence. [Am£rican.] LO'€HES, n. Same as Lochia, — which see. LOCK, ) 7/. After the words, GOWP'EN,) "Gowpen, a handful," insert, or rather, as much as can be held in the two hands placed side by side. [See Gowpen in tliis Supp.] LOCK, 71. [add.] Loch, stoch, and barrel, tlie whole ; a figurative expression, bor- rowed from sportsmen. LOCK, V. t. [add.] To fasten so as to impede motion; as, to lock a wheel. LOCK'ER-UP, 7t. A jailer; an under- turnkey. LOCK-GATES, n. The framed gates employed on rivers and canals for pen- ning back the water and forming locks. LOCK'ING, ppr. Making fast by a lock ; embracing closely. LOCK'-JAW, n. Same as Lockjsd- Jaw. LOCK'MAN, 71. An officer in the Isle of Man, who executes the orders of the governor ; much like an under-sheriff'. LOGARITHanCAL LONG LONG-KNIVES LOCK'-PULLEY, n. In mill-ivorky an old form of coupling, of which the slip- clutch coupling is the modern repre- sentative. LOCK'-UP, n. A place where , ',VJ' bailiffs, &c., temporarily con- fine persons under arrest. LOCOCES'SION,t H. The ,, act of giving place. r ^^ LO^OMO TIVE, It. instead of '^ LOeOiMOTlVE. /: LOeOMO ' TIVENESS, u The power of changing place, 'gj \Lit. vs.] LOBULAR, a. In ijo^, having one or more cells, as a peri- carp. I' LOCULOSE, a. In hot, di- .--f, vided by internal partitions ^^' into cells. LOG'ULOUS, a. Having cells; 1 ocular. LOCUM TENENS. [L.] Misplaced: see after Locus, fadd.] One who holds the place of another. LO'€US, H. plur. Loci, [add.] Ph7w and solid loci. 'NN'hen the locus of the variable point is a straight line, or a circle, it was called by the ancient geo- meters a plane locus ; when one of the conic sections, a solid locus. LOOUS'TA, n. [add.] This term is also applied to those inflorescences in which the flowers are sessile, and arranged upon a lengthened axis which is per- manent. LOeUSTELLE', n. Some of the singing birds of the family Sylviadau are so called, from their note resembling that of the grasshopper (Locusta). They are also called grasshopper- warblers. LOCUS'TI€ ACID, n. An acid pro- cured from the common locust, or grasshopper, which differs but little from acetic acid. LOeUS'TlD^, n. The locust tribe, a group of orthopterous insects belong- ing to the class Saltatoria. LOGU'TION,t« Discourse; mode of speech ; phrase. LODE.f n. A ferry; retained in names of places ; as Wainlodej UpperlodCj Ab- hoCslodp, &c. LODE'-MANAf'^E, 71. Pilotage; the hire of a pilot for conducting a vessel from one place to another. Also written Load-manaqe. LODE '-SHIP, H. A small fishing- vessel. LODES'MEN,t n. plur. Pilots; ring- leaders. [Chaucer.^ LODE'STAK, n. See Loadstar in Dic- tionary. LODES'TERRE,t w. [D. leudsterrc] The lodestar or pole-star. [Chaucer.] LODG'MENT, n. [add.] A place where persons or things are lodged; a room ; a chamber. [Pope.] LOFT,t adv. On loft, on high ; a-loft. [Chaucer.] LOFT, 11. [add.] A gallery or small chamber, raised within a larger apart- ment, or in a church. LOG, v.*. [add.] To move orrock; hence, logan, a rocking-stone. In the United States, to cut duwn and get out pine- logs, for sawing into boards, &c. LOG'AN, \ n. A rocking-stone ; a LOG'GAN, ) large stone or rock, so balanced as to be easily moved. — Used also as an adjective; as, a louoan stone. [See Rocking-Stones.] LOGARITHMET ICALLY, adv. By the use of logarithms. LOGARITH MieAL,a. SameasLoG- ABITHMIC. LOGARITH'MieALLY, adv. By the use or aid of logarithms. LOG'-CABIN, 7i. A house or hut, whose N' Log-i!ab)D. walls are composed of logs laid on each other. L06E,t n. [Fr.] \ lodge; habitation. [^Chaucer.'] L06gED,+ pp. Lodged. [Chaucer.] LOG'GEK, n. In the U. States, a person employed to procure logs or timber. LOG'GEKHEAD, n. 2. [add.] Also, a timber-head in a whale-boat for veering out lines when fast to a whale. — In the West Indies, two orthree species of Hy- catchers are called togtjerheads. LOG'GIA, n [Lat.] In arch., a portico; a piazza. LOG'GING.i;. Inthe United Stales,the business of cutting down pine-timber, and taking it out of the swamps, called logi/ina swamps. L0G6lNG,+ n. A lodging. [Chaucer.] LOG'-GLASS, n. The half-minute sand- glass used at sea, for ascertaining the rate of a ship's velocity through the water. [See Loo.] LOG'ieS, 71. Used for Logic. LOG'IST,t n. An expert accountant. LOGO METER, n. [See Locometric] A scale for measuring chemical equiva- lents. LOGOMET'RI€AL, a. Same as LoGO- METKiC. LOG'OTHETE,n.[Gr.A«}.«,andiiM'l An accountant; a receiver or treasurer of the public monev. LOG'OTYPE, H. [Gr. i.^-os, and i-jros.] A name given to two or more letters, cast in one piece, a^ff,M, . E.vpectation. [Bebreu's.] LOOK'IT. Looked. [Scotch.] LOpK'-OUT, ». [add.] A place of ob- servation ; a small tower, with windows, on the roof of a house, for viewing the scenery around. LOON, n. [add.] A rustic boy; a boy; one in a menial station ; a worthless person, male or female. [Scotch.] LOOP, ». [Gael.] The bend of a river. [Scotch.] LOOPEKS, n. pltir. The larvae of cer- tain species of moths (Geometridas), which form a loop when crawling; when resting, they stretch their body out, holding on to the branch by the hind pair of feet ; they look then like a piece of the branch, and being often coloured like it, must frequently escape the notice of birds. LOOP'IE, or LOOPY, a. Deceitful; craftv. [.^cofcA.] LOOP'ING-SNAILS, n. The species of Truncatella are so called, from the animal walking by contracting the space between the lips and foot. LOORD,t >i. [add.] A low, degraded, worthless person. LOOS.t) n. [L./aiK.] Praise. [Chau- LOS,+ ) cer.] LOOSE, V t. [add.] To solve; to ex- plain. [5^)eH5er.] LOO'SOME, a. Lovely. [Scotch.] LOOT, i>ret. of the verb to Lat. Per- mitted. [Scotch.] LOOT'EN, pp. of the verb to Lat. Per- mitted. [Scotch.] LOOV'ERED-EOARDS, n See Le- VER-Bo.\Rns. LOPE,f II. [Sw. /o;)a; D. loopeii, to run. See Le.\p.] A leap ; a long step. LoPE,f V. i. To leap; to move or run with a long step, as a dog. LO'PHIUS, n. A genus of acanthoptery- gious tishes, comprehending the sea- devils, fishing-frogs, or anglers. [See Angler in this Siipp.] LOPUOBKAXeHII, n. [Gr. >.?.,-, a crest or tuft, and 0;ciyx'^- gills.] A family of fishes, in whicli the gills, in- stead of being pectinated, are separated into small rounded tufts, which are arranged in pairs along the branchial arches, and covered by a large opercu- lum, so fi.\ed as to leave only a single small orifice for the passage of the water outwards. It comprehends the inpe-Hshes, LO'PHTRUS, 71. .V genus of hymenop- terous insects, belonging to the family Tenthredinida^. The larva of the Bri- tish species (L. piiii) feeds on the fir. LOPPED MILK, 77 Loppered mUk. [Local.] LOPPERED MILK, 77. Milk that is sour and curdled. In Scotland, called lappered milk. [Local.] LOQUACIOUSLY, adv. In a loqua- cious or talkative manner. LOQUE'LA, 77. [L.] In law, an impar- lance. LOKAN'THUS, »7. A genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Loranthace«. The species are evergreen shrubs, pai"a- sitical on trees. L. europrpus has the habits of the common mistletoe. It is a native of the southern parts of Eu- rope, and is found on the oak. LORD, 77. [add.] A title of honour, formerly given to monks, as well as to other persons of superior rank. [Cltaucer.] — In ludicrous Ian., a hump- backed person (Gr. ^»;So,-l — Lord- heeper. [See Keeper.] — Lords-jus- tice. [See Justices in this Supp.] — Lord in gross, he that is lord having no manor, as the king in respect of his crown. — Lord of a manor, one who possesses a copyhold. — Lord and vassal, grantor and grantee in the feudal sys- tem. — LorcTs act, an act, 32 Geo. III., c. 2S, passed for the relief of insolvent debtors, but now abolished. — Lords marchers, those noblemen wlio, in for- mer times, lived on the marches of AVales or Scotland, and had their laws and powers of life and death like petty kings. [See ^Marches.] — Lords tempo- ral, those lay peers who have seats in the House of Lords. — Lords spiritual, the archbishops and bishops who have seats in the House of Lords. — Lord of misrule, a person formerly chosen to direct the sports and revels of a great family during Clu'istmas holidays. [See Revel.] LORD DOJI, 71. The dominion of lords. [Rare.] LORDINGS,t 77. pliir. [5eeLoKDisG.] Sirs ; masters. [Chaucer.] LORDOSIS, 71. [Gr. >.c;Z,!, curved.] Procurvation of the head and shoulders, or anterior crookedness. LORDS-AND-LA DIES, 77. A plant of the genus Arum, the A. maculatuin, Linn.; also called cuckoo-pint. LORDSHIP, 77 [add.] Supreme power; sovereitrntv. [Chaucer, Spenser.] LORDS SUPPER, 77. In the Christian church, tile sacrament of the eucharist, so named because it was instituted by our Saviour when he took his last meal with his disciples, on the occasion of celebrating the Passover. LORE,f ]>ret. of Lore. [Sox. leoran. See Forlorn in Dic- iionari/.] Left; lost. [Spenser.] LORI'€A, 77. [L.] Among the Bomans, a cuirass or crest of mail, made of leather, and set with plates of metal. — 2. A kind of lute with which ves- sels arc coated before thev are exposed to the hre. LORlt'.\'T.\, l77 [L. ?on"c7J, a coat of LORIt'A'TES, j mail.] An order of 244 reptiles, including the crocodiles, alli- gators, and gavials. characterized by the plate-armour witii which their body is protected. — 2. -A group of polygastric animalcules, inclosed in a shell. LORIKEETS, 77. Birds belonging to the parrot tribe, remarkable for their extensible tongue, furnished with a pencil at its extremity, by which they are enabled to suck up the nectar ot flowers. LOR'ING.t 77. [add.] Instruction. A dimimttive of Lore. [iS'i>c77^er.] LO'RIUS, 77. A. genus of birds, belong- ing to the parrot tribe. [See LoRV in Diet, and Supp.] LORNE,t pp. of Lese, or of Lore. [See Forlorn".] Lost ; left ; undone. [Chau- cer, Spenser.] LOR'RELLjf ) 77. See LoREL, Losel. LOR EL,t J [Si>e77ii>7-.] LO'RY, 77. [add.] The /o7*7'e.y are an Ori- ental group of scansorial birds, having square tails, and dense soft plumage, the colours of which are extremely brilliant ; their beaks are comparatively feeble. There are several species, as the collared lory (Lorius domicclla), cream-lory {L. garralus), scarlet lory {L. ceeruleaius). LOS,+ 77. Loss; also, praise. [5ecLoos in this Supp.] [Chaucer.] LOS'ED.t pp. Loosed; also, praised. [Chaucer.] LOS'ELL.t". Sec Losel. [Spe7iie7-.] LOS'ENGE, 77. See Lozenge. LOS ENGEOUR,t 77. A losenger; a flatterer. [Chaucer.] LOSES,+ 77. i)^ a. Calm ; low and shelter- LOUND, J ed; still; serene; tranquil. [Scotch.] LOUN, n. See Loon in Diet and Supp. LOUN^DER, V. t To beat with severe strokes. [Scutch.] LOUN'DER, n. A severe stunning blow. [Scotch.] LOUN'6lNG, ppr. Passing the time in idleness; reclining at ease. LOUP, V. t. or i. pirt. Zap, pp. Zoupen. To leap ; to spring ; to run or move with celerity ; to give way ; applied to frost, when it melts away. — To loup on, to mount on horseback. — Tu lonp the dylte, to leap the fence; to break out of or into the inclosure. [Scotch.] LOUP'ING-ILL, n. Leaping-evil ; a disease among sheep, which causes them to spring up and down, when moving forward. [Scotch.] LOUP'ING-ON STAKE, n. A step- stone, or a flight of stone-steps for assisting one to get on horseback. [Scotch.] LOUP- THE -DYIiE, a. Giddy; un- settled; runaway. [Scotch.] LOUR'DANE,t ) n. [Fr. lourdiyi.] A LOUR'DEN,t \ lazy, worthless, stu- LUR'DAN,t ) pid person. LOUKE,t V. i. To lower; to look dis- contented. [Chaucer.] LOUR'ING.f/^pr.Lowuring. [Chaucer.] LOUTjf V. t. To humble: to depress; to overpower. LOUT,t pret. of Zout oi Zoivt. [See Lout, v. i.] To bow down; to do ho- nia:;e. [Speriser.] LOUTE,t V. i. [See Lour.] To bow; to lurk. [Chaucer.] LOUT'ISHNESS, n. Clownishness. LOV'Djf 11. for Beloved. [Spenser,'] LOVE, a. Relating to, or partaking of love. LOVE'-BIRDS, n. Psittacula, a group of birds belonging to the Psittacidte. They are a beautiful group, consisting Swiniiem'^ Love-bird t.rtiiucula twindcrlana). of very diminutive species; they are found in both continents, and are re- niarliable for having no furcula, and receive their name from the great at- tachment sliown to each other by the male and female birds. LOVE'-DAY, n. The day on which any dispute was amicably settled between neighbours; or a day in which one neighbour helps another without hire. LOVE'-DKINKE,t n. A drink to ex- cite love. [Chaucer.] LOVE'-FEAT, n. An amour; a deed of gallantry. [Shah.} LOVE'-GRaSS, n. A name given to plants of the genns Eragrostis, so named from the beautiful dancing spikelets. LOVE-m-IDLENESS, n. A plant, a species of violet. [Sliah.] L0VE'-LONG'ING,t n. Desire of love. [Chancer,] LOV'EK, n. [add.] A mistress ; a fe- male sweetheart. [A'/in/i.] LO'A''ER,f 72. [See Louvre.] An open- ing in a poor cottage at the top, to let out the smoke, and to let in the light. [Spenser,'] LOVES.t for Lovers. [Spenser.] LOVE'-SICKNESS, n. Sickness caused by love. LOW,t n, for Law. [aiaucer,] LOW, n. Flame; fire. [Obsolete or lo- cal.'] [See Lowe.] LOWBOTE.t n. [Sax.] A recompense for a man killed in a tumult. LOW'-CIIURCH, a. Not carrying the principles or the authority of the church, ' or of episcopacy, to extremes; not assert- ing exclusive episcoiucy; opposed to hiykchurch. [See High-Churcii.] i LOW'ER.t for Low. [Spenser.^ j LOWER-CASE, n. Among printers, the caseof boxes that contains the small ! letters of printing-type. — Hence, as an adjective, it denotes the small letters, in distinction from capitals. LOWLILY, ocfi'. In a lowly manner; humbly, LOW'LYIIEDE,t «■ Humility. [Chau- cer.] LOW'-JIINDED, a. Having a low and vulgar mind ; mean ; base. LOWND, a. [Icel. logn.^ Calm and mild : out of the wind ; under cover or j shelter. [Local,] 245 LOWT. &eLouT. LOWT,t I'. ;. [Sax. hlutan.'] To bend; to bow down ; to stoop ; to do homage. LOWT'ED,i)p. Treated with contempt. [Shah,] LOWT'ED,+ pret. of Lowt or Lnut. Lowted to, or unto, did honour and reve- rence to. [Spenser,] LOWT'ING.t \ppr. Bowing down ; LOUT'ING.t J doing homage.-/,oic(- ing low, making a low obeisance ; bow- ing in a servile manner. [Spenser.] LOW-WATER, a. Relating to the ebb of the tide; as, the low-water mark. [See Wateu-Makk.] LOX'A-BARK, «. The pale erown- barlt ; the produce of Cinchona conda- ini/ica. LOXAR'THRUS, n. [Gr. >.f„, twisted, and tt^Ooiv, a joint.] An obliquity of a joint without dislocation or spasm, as in the case of club-foot. LOX'IA, n. [Gr. ^sj.i;u„, plague, and |i/Aoy, wood, timber.] A genus of serricoru beetles, nearly allied to Elat- 247 erida) and Buprestidse. The grubs are very destructive to oak-trees, espe- cially those of the Ltj- viexylon na- vale. This species re- ceives its name from the damage caused by the grubs in Lymtijion niivnie. the Swed- ish dock-yards in the time of Linna:us. LY-M'ITER,t n. See Limitoub in this Supp. [Sjyenser.] LYMNiE'A, H. A genus of mollusca, found abundantly in our rivers ami ponds, particularly the latter. They inhabit a thin oval or oblong shell. LYSIPII, n. [add.] /..vmpA is a thin, op- aline, whitish fluid, of a somewhat saline taste, which, a short time after it is removed from the body, separates into a clear fluid, and a soft white or pinkish coagulum. The use of the lymph is to return the superfluous nu- tritious jelly from every part of the body, and to mix it with the chyle in the thoracic duct, there to be further converted into the nature of the ani- mal. — Coagulabte lymph, blood depriv- ed of its red particles, which is poured out by the vessels for the closing oi" wounds, and for the formation of new tissue. — Lymph of plants, the elaborat- ed sap of plants. LYMPHATIC, n. [add.] The lymph- atics are small, transparent, absorbent vessels, which originate in every part of the body, and convey lympli from all parts. As they proceed from tlieir origin, they gradually converge into a succession of branches of increasing size, and terminate in two main truidis called the right and left great lympha- tic veins, through which the lymph is poured with the chyle from the thoracic duct into the right and left subclavian veins. With the lacteal vessels of the intestines, the lymphatics form what is termed the absorbent system. LYNCH'ET, n. A line of green sward which separates tracts of ploughed land from each other. [Provincial.] LYNX, n. [add.] One of the northern constellations, situated directly in front of Ursa Major. LY'RA, H. [L. a lyre.] The Lyre, a con- stellation of the northern hemisphere, surrounded by Cygnus, Aquila, Her- cules, and the head of Draco. Its principal star is • Lyra, of the first magnitude. — 2. A portion of the brain, the medullary fibres of which are so arranged as to give it somewhat the appearance of a Ijre. LVKE, n. [add.] A constellation. [See Lyra in this Supp.] LYRE'-BIRD, «. The Menura superba. [See Menuha.] LYTHE.t a. [See Lithe.] Soft; gentle. [Spenser.] LYTHE, 7!. A fish. See Pollock. LYTH06'EN0US, a. See LixuooK- NOUS. 8c M. MACKINTOSH MAELSTROM MAGISTRATE MA, n. A child's abbreviation oimamma. MAtJA'eOS, n. Monlieys so called. [See Macacus in this Supp.] IMA€A'€US, n. A genus of quaJru- manous mammals, called by the French macaques. M. rhesus is the pig-tailed baboon of Bengal. M.i€ADAJIlZ.\'TION, n. The act or art of macadamizing. MA€.\D'AMiZING, n. An improved method of making roads, first publicly introduced by Mr. Macadam. It con- sists in covering the roadway or form- ing the road-crust with small broken stones to a considerable depth, and consolidating them by carriages work- ing upon the road, or by rollers, so as to form a hard, firm, and smooth surface. MA€ARO'iSIAN, a. Same as MA€- ARONie. MA€ART'NEY, n. The fire-backed pheasant (Euplocomus ujnitus), a native of China, is so called from having been discovered by Lord Macartney during the Chinese embassy. MACAS'SAR OIL, n. An oil used for promoting tlie growth of the hair, so named from Macassar, a district in the island of Celebes, in the Eastern Archi- pelago, from which it was originally procured. It is said, however, to con- sist chiefly of castor-oil, with a little olive-oil, and certain pei-fumes. MACAS'SAR POISON, n. The gum of a tree which grows in the isle of Celebes, in the Indian Ocean, with which the Malayans anoint their ar- rows, to make the wound fatal. MACAW, \n. [add.] The macaws MAC'CAW, ( are magnificent birds, distinguislied by having their clieeks destitute of feathers, and their tail- feathers long (hence their generic name, macrocercus, ;"««•«,-, long, and xi^-.i;, tail). They are all natives of the tropi- cal regions of South America. The largest and most splendid in regard to colour is the scarlet macaw [Macrocer- cus macao). MACE'-PROOF, (1. Secure against arrest. MA'CER, It. A mace-bearer, — xchich sce.^2. A medicinal bark, described by ancient authors, said to be useful in dysentery. MACERATE, i'. t. [add.] To tear; to distract ; to harixss. [Siienser.] MACH'INAL, or MACHINAL, a. MACHCNA PNEUMAT'ICA, n. The Air-pump, a southern constellation. [&C.'\.NTl,IAPNElTMiTICAinti.is.S«;>p.] MACHINE', V. i. To he employed upon, or in machinery; to be occupied in the machinery of a poem. [Poi)e.] MA'CIES, n. [L. from maceo, to be lean.] Wasting; atrophy; emaciation. MACK'EREL-MINT, n. A n.ime of S[iearmint. JIACK'EREL-SKT, rt. [add.] A sky in which the clouds have the form called cirro-cumulus ; that is, are broken into fleecy masses ; called also a mackenl- bach sJiij. MACK'INTOSH, n. A term applied, from the name of the inveiitor, to waterproof garments, particularly over- coats, rendered waterproof by a solu- tion of India rubber. Such garments, however, are now superseded by others rendered waterproof by different pre- parations. MACK'LE, 71. [L. macula.'] Among printers, a blur in printing, so that the impression of a page appears double. MAC'LE, H. [add.] A variety of chias- tolite, the crystals of which present a tesselated appearance when cut trans- versely. — Also, a tesselated appearance in otiier crystals. MACROBIOTIC, n.[Gr.^««;.,-,long, and ^lo;, life.] Long-lived. MACROCEPHALOUS, a. [Gr. f,,y-- (s;, large, and x-.fxXvt, the head.] Large- headed; applied to dicotyledonous em- bryos, in which the two cotyledons ad- here, as in horse-chestnut. MACRODACTYLie, a. Having long toes; applied to a tribe of wading- birds. [See Maceodactyles.] MACRODIAG'ONAL, n. [Gr. ,*«;=;«, long, and diagonal.] The longer of the diagonals of a rhombic prism. MACROMETER, «. [Gr. .u««{.,-, long, and fx-iTooH, measiu'e.] A mathematical instrument, contrived to measure inac- cessible heights and objects, by means of two reflectors on a common sextant. M.\eROPODAL, a. [Gr. ,«««;»;, lari;e, and Tjyf, foot.] Large-footed ; a term applied to a modification of the mono- ^ cotyledonous embryo of seeds, in which the radicle presents an unusual protu- berance, as in wheat. IMACTA'TOR,t n. A murderer. MAC'TRA, n. A genus of moll cons animals, of the order Conchifera Xini- yaria. They live in the sand, and are universally dift'used. The genus in- cludes many rare and beautiful species. MACULATE, a. [add.] Stained; as, maculated thoughts. [Shalt.] MAD, a. [add.] Mad, in the sense of angry, very angry, vexed, is seldom used, except in familiar conversation. — ■ Like mad, madly; furiously; as, to run like mad. [ Vulgar.] — Mad as a March hare, entirely mad ; exceedingly en- raged, so as to lose all self-control. [Vulgar ov provincial.] M.^DA.ME', n. [Fr.] pliir. Mesdames, {mediim'.) Madam ; ladyship ; a title of respect for a married lady. MADDE,f M I. To madden; to be mad. [Chaucer.] MADEIRA, n. (made'ra), for MA- DEIRA. M.ADEI'RA-NUT, n. A species of wall-nut, with a thin shell, from the island of Madeira. MA'DEL-PAROO'WA.n. A boat used in Ceylon for fishing, chiefly close in- shore, and on the lakes of the interior, sometimes covered with a bamboo-roof, when it takes the name of padji. The madel-paroowas are usually made of old warkainoowees, and are comjiosed of two half canoes, sewed to some floor- planks, with other vertical ones for wash-boards. MADRIER , or MAD'RIER, n. MAD-WOMAN, n. A woman deprived of reason. MAE, ) MOE, Ulore. [Scotch.-\ MA. / MaEL'STROM, n. (mUrstrom.) Lite- rallu, mill-stream ; a celebrated wliirl- pool on the coast of Norway, near the £48 island of Moskoe. It is very dangeroua in winter, especially when the north- west wind restrains the reflux of the tide. At such times the whirlpool rages violently, so as to be heard several miles, and to engulf small vessels, and even whales, which approach it. M^NU R.\, n. See Menuba. MAE'STO. See Maestoso. MAFEIE',t [Fr. mafoij\ By my faith. [Chaucer.] M.lG'BOTEjt n. A compensation for murdering one's kinsman. MAGDALEN, n. A reformed prosti- tute; aninmateofafemalepenetentiary. MAG'DALEN HOSPITAL, In. A MAG'DALEN ASYLU.M, j house or establishment into which prostitutes are received, with a view to their refor- mation ; a female penetentiary. MAGDEBURG HEMISPHERES, «. An apparatus for ascertaining the amount of the atmospheric pressure on a given surface. It consists of two hol- low brass hemispheres, furnished with handles, and so formed, that when placed mouth to mouth they shall be in air-tight contact. In this state the air is exhausted from the inside by means of the air-pump, when it will be found that the hemispheres adhere together with considerable force, owing to the pres- sure of the atmosphere on their external surfaces. If, then, the area of the section of the sphere through the centre be known, and the force retiuired to pull the liemispheres asunder be ascertained, the pressure exerted by the atmosphere on a square inch of surface may be found, supposing the exhaustion of the hemispheres to be complete. The at- mospheric pressure, however, is much more accurately ascertained by the ba- rometer. The Magdeburg hemispheres were first constructed by Otto Guericke, of Magdeburg ; hence the name. M.VGG, !). t. To steal ; to carry off clan- destinely. MAGG, n. plur. Maggs. A rant word for a halfpenny; the gratuity which servants expect from those to whom they drive any goods. [Scotch.] MAGGIO'RE, rt. (maj-jo'rii.) [It.] In music, greater. MAGI "CIEN.t n. [Fr] A magician. [Chaucer.] MAG'IKE,+ n. Magic. [Oiaucer.] MA'filLUS, n. A genus of gastropodous moUusca, inhabiting a thick, tubular, irregularly contorted shell. It is gene- rally inclosed in corals, and when young fixes itself in a hole, and as the coral grows it increases in size and length. MAfilSTER, n. [L.] Contracted to master.— -Mister, or Mr., a title of power or authority. An appellation given in the middle ages to persons of scientific or literary distinction, equivalent to the modern title of Doctor. MAGISTE'RIAL, a. [add.] Belonging to the ortice of a magistrate. [Loclie.] MAGISTRAND', n. [L. magisirandus, from magistro.] A designation given to those students who are in the highest philosophical class before graduation. It is retained in the university of Aber- deen. [Scotch.] M.VGlSTR.\TE,n. [add.] In England, the term magistrate is usually applied MAGNETOMETER MAIGRE to justices of the peace in tlie country, and to those called police magistrates, such as there are in London. MAG'NA t'llARTA, n. [add.] The great charter of the liberties of Eng- land, signed and sealed by King John in a conference between him and liis barons at Runnymede, June 19, 1215. Its most important articles arc those which pro- Tide that no freeman shall be taken or innjrisoned, or proceeded against, except by the lawful judgment of his peers, or by the law uf the land, and that no scutage or aid should be imposed in the kingdom (except certain feudal dues from tenants of the crown), unless by the common council of the kingdom. The remaining and greater part of the charter is directed against abuses of the king's power as feudal superior. The charter granted by Henry III. is only a confirmation of that of his father, King John. MAG'NATE, n. plur. Magnates. A per- son of rank ; a noble or grandee MAGNA'TES, „. plur. [add.J In Ilun- gary, tlie title of the noble estate in the national representation. The Hun- I garian magnates are divided into greater and lesser, the former including certain high state officers, and tlie latter the counts and barons of the kingdom MAGNESIA- WATER, n. A kind of aerated water prepared by impregnating carbonate of magnesia, dissolved in water, with ten times its volume of carbonic acid gas. JJtSSH;^*^'- \°- f=«"'l] Magnetic MAGNET-ICAL, ] amp/itmle, azi. vuitk, &c., in navigation, the amplitude, azmiuth,&c., indicated by the compass. —Magnetic baiter!/, a kind of battery formed of several magnets combined togetlier (usually horse-shoe magnets), with all their poles similarly disposed. It is also called a magnetic magazine, or a conqiound magnet.— Magnetic needle, the needle of the mariners compass ; ' any small magnetized iron or steel rod turning on a ^not.— Magnetic north, ': that point of the horizon which is in- dicated by the direction of the magnetic needle. It is seldom the true north point. — Magnetic points of convergence, the magnetic poles of the earth, around which are drawn the isogenic lines, or ' lines of equal declination.— Poin* of magnetic indi.ffercnce, tliat point of a magnet, somewhere about midway be- tween the two extremities, where tlie attractive force, after continually di- minishing as we proceed from either pole, ceases altogether.— il/„yHe(ic tele- graph, the electro-magnetic telegraph, or electric telegraph. [See Telkobapii 1 MAGNETIC, n. Any metal, as iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, &c., which may receive, by any means, tlie properties of the loadstone. MAGNE'TO-ELECTRie, a. Pertain- ing to magneto-electricity._.;ifa!/nrto- electnc rotatory machine, an apparatus for rendering the magneto-electric in- duction currents continuous, and for converting their alternating direction into a constant one. MAGNETO - ELEeTRICITY, ,,. [add.] That branch of natural science ■which is established on the ascertained fact that magnetism and electricity have certain principles in common. MAGNETOM'ETER, n. [add.] This instrument consists of a magnetized bar of steel, which is employed to de- termine either the absolute amount of magnetic declination (or variation of MAI.STER the compass), or the resolved intensities of terrestrial magnetism in iiorizontal or vertical directions. The bar is sus- pended in a horizontal position, some- wliat after the manner of the torsion- balance. MAGNETOMET'RI€, a. Pertaining to the magnetometer. A valuable series of liourly magyielomelric observations w;is continuca, ni^lit and day llirouslioutllii: wlmle period of our stayattlie island,— [ffoM's /tnlnrclic Expeiition i. 91,] JI/VGNIF'I€AT, n. [L,] In the i?o„w« Lathohe church, the name given in the service to the song of the Virgin Mary drawn from Luke i, 40, in the Vulgate, MAGNIFI€A TION, n. The act of magnifying, fliar. us.] MAG'NIFYING-GLASS, 1 «,Adouble MAGNIFIER, /convex lens which increases the apparent mag- nitudes of objects viewed at a small distance through it, by increasing the angle of vision. MAGNIL'OQUENTLY, adv. With loftiness or pomposity of language. MAG'NITUDE, n. [add.] Magnitude of stars. [See Star.] MAG'NUM, )„, [L,l A MAG'NUM-BO'NOM, f double-sized bottle, holding two English un.arts, [Sir W. Scott.] MAG'OT, n. The Barbary ape, which has a small tubercle in place of a tail. I It is naturalized on the rock of Gibral- tar, and forms the type of Cuvier's I genus Inuus. MAG'PIE-MOTH.n. Ablack and white i motli, the larva of which feeds on the currant. It is common in our gardens (Abra-tas grossularia). MA'GUS, n. [L,] A Magian; one of the Magi, or ancient Oriental philoso- phers. MAGYAR, )!. (mad'jar.) One of a race in Hungary which conquered that coun- try, and whose descendants still bear sway there and in Transylvania, The Magyars came from the Oural. The cause of the migrations of this people, and of their confederates, towards En- rope, seems to have been the movement given to the Arabs by Islainism. MA'HAL, n, 2>lur. Mahalalat In the East Indies, any lands or public fund producing a revenue to the government. MAHAL'EB, n. [Ar,] A species of cherry, Cerasus mahaleb, whose fruit affords a violet dye, and a fermented liquor like kirsch-wasser, MAHOGANIZE, u. (, To paint wood in imitation of mahoganv. [American.] MAHOITRES, n. The term applied to the wadded and up-raised shoulders in fashion during the loth and 16th cen- turies, MAHOM'EDAN, n. A Mahometan, MAHOM'ETISiM,t In. Mahometan- MAHOM'ETRY.f f ism. MAHOUT', n. In the East Indies, an elephant driver or keeper. MAHOWND'.t "• Mahomet. [Chau- cer.] MA'IANS. See Maiid,1!, M.\ID'EN, a. [add,] A maiden-speech, the first speecli of a new member in a public body, as in parliament. MAIDEN-ASSIZE, n. In laiv, an assize at which no person is condemned to death, [See Maiden, a.] MAIDEN-PINK, n. A species of dian- thus, Z). virgineus. MAIDEN-R£NTS,n. In ancient times, a noble paid by the tenants of some manors on their marriage. MAIGRE, n. Agenus ofacanthoptery- 249 gious fishes, Scia»na, one species of which is occasionally taken ou our coasts. M.^IHEM, 71. See Maim, Mayhem Mail, v. t. [add.] To send by mail ; to prepare for transmission by the mail from one post-office to another MAIL-ABLE, a. That may be mailed, or carried in the mail, M,\ILE, ;), A silver halfpenny in the time of Henry V. Mailed, pp. or «. [add.] In 200/., pro- tected by an external coat or covering of scales or hard substance, MaIL'ED, ( ,,. J rr, MEL'LED, fPP- M""^'^- [Scotch.] MAIL'ING, ppr. [add,] Preparing for transmission by the mail, MAILLE,+ n. [Fr.] A coat of mail, [Chaucer.] MAIL' -PAYER, n. A rent-payer, [Scotch.] Main, a. [add,] First in size, rank, im- portance, &c. ; directly and forcibly ap- plied; as, by main strength. Main, », [add,] Main of light, mass; flood of light. [Shah.] 5IAIN, ) V. t. To bemoan ; as a verb MANE, ) neuter, to moan. r,Vco(c/! 1 MAIN'-BODY, n. The second line or corps of an army; the body which marches between the advance and rear- guard ; and, in a camp, that which lies between the two wings. MaIN'-BOOM, n. The spar of a small vessel, on which the mainsail is ex- tended. MAIN'-BREADTH, n. In ships, the broadest part at any particular frame. MaIN'-DECK,?!. The deck next below the spar-deck in frigates and seventy- fours. MAINE'-PORT, n. In law, asmall duty or tribute, commonly of loaves of bread, which in some places the parishioners pay to the rector in lieu of small tithes, MAIN'-GUARD, n. A body of horso posted before a camp, for the safety of the army ; in a garrison, it is tliat guard to wliieh all the rest are subor- dinate. MaIN'ING, ) ppr. Bemoaning; moan- MANE'ING,) ing, [Scotch.] MAINOR, n. &e Mainour MAIN'-POST, n. In a ship, the stern- post. MAIN'PRIZE, n. [add.] Tlie writ of mainprize is obsolete. MAINS, ?!. The farm attaclied to a man- sion-house ; a demesne. [Scotch.] MAlNSWORN'.t a. Forsworn. MAIN'-TACKLE, n. In ships, a large, strong tackle, hooked occasionally upon the main-pendant. MAINTAINOR, n. In lata, one who maintains or seconds a cause, depend- ing between otliers, by disbursing or making friends for either party, tfcc, not being interested in the cause. MAINTE,t pp. of Mcnge. Mi.xed ; mingled. [Chaucer.] MAIN'TENANCE,«,[add.]Behaviour, [Chaucer.] — In /aic, a person may with impunity maintain a suit in which he has any interest, actual or contingent; and also, a suit of his near kinsman, servant, or poor neighbour, out of charity and compassion. MAIR, a. Jlore. [Scotch.] MAIS'ONDEWE.t n. (Fr. Maison- Dieu.] An hospital. [Chaucer.] MAIST, a. Most. [Scotch.] MAIST, arfu. Most; almost. [Scotch.] MAlS'TER.f n. [Fr.] A skilful artist; a nuuster. — Maistcr-strete, tlie chiei' street. — Maister - temple, the chiei MAT.A MALEFOKMATION MALLEOLAR temple. — Maisler-tmr, the principal tower. [Chaucer.'] JiAlS'TEKFU'.o. Difficult; imperious; violent. [Scotch.] JI.llS'TEKFlJL.ta. Imperious. [Chau- cer.] M.\IS'TERIE,t 1 «. Skill; skilful man- MAlS'TRIE.t jagement: poner ; superiority. — ,-1 tnai^trie, u masterly operation. [Chaticfr.] JIAIS'TEKY, n. Mastery; power. [Sco^ch.^ MaIS'TREE, n. In tlie East Indies, a native domestic carpenter. MAlS'TRESSE.t 1. [Fr.] Mistress; governess. [Chaucer.] MAIS'TKISE.t ». [Fr.J Masterly work- manship. [Chaucer.] M.-UEST.\T ie,+ )«. Great in ap- MAJESTATI€.AL,t / pearance; having dignitv. MAJES TieXESS, n. Majesty ; state or manner of being majestic. MAJOL'I€A, n. A kind of fine earthen- ware. W.\'JOR, a. [add.] The major term of a syllogism is the predicate of the con- clusion; the major premise is that which contains the major term. MA'JOKATE, n. Tlie office of major; ttiajoritv. MA JOU - 6ENER.\LSHIP, n. The othce of a major-general. MA'JORING, ;)/ir. Looking and talk- ing big, or with a military air. [Sir ^V. Scotl.] MAK'ABLE, a. Etfectible; feasible. [Rare.] MAKE, I', t. [add.] To become ; to prove ; as, she makes an excellent wife. — To make nolhing of, to regard or think as nothing; as, she mahes nothing o/ leap- ing over a si.\-bar gate. — To mahe the land. [See Land.]— To mahe the doors, to make fast the doors. [6AaA.] MAKE, r. I. [add.] To compose or make verses; to devise; to contrive.— To mahe or metche, to make or match ; to make one or more tit for another ; to tit ; to suit : to proportion. [Chaucer.] M.\KE,t II. [add.] A fellow; a husband; a wife. [Chaucer.] M.\KE for Nake, that is, to make naked. [Chaucer.] M.\KED,t pp. Made. [Chaucer.] MAIi'ER, n. [.idd.] In lair, the person who signs a promissory note, who stands in the same situation, after the note is endorsed, as the acceptor of a bill of exchange. MAKE'-SHIFT,n..Anexpedientadopted to serve a present purpose or turn ; a teniporarv substitute. MaK'IXG, ppr. [add.] Mahiny law, clearing one's self of an action, &c., by oath, and tlie oath of neighbours. — Makimi-off, the process of clearing whale-blubiier of hrenri, and cutting it into small pieces, to be stowed away in casks. MAK'ING,n. [add.] Poetry. [Chaucer.] BIAK'IXG, ppr. [add.] Making well, composing verses well. [Spenser.] MAR'INGES,f n.pl. Poetical composi- tions. [Chaucer.] MaK'ING-IKON, n. An instrument re- sembling a chisel, with a groove in, used by caulkers for finishing oft" the seam, after the oakum has been driven into it. MAKING-UP.n. .\mong distillers, the reducing of spirits to a standard of strength, usually called proof. M.\'L.\,ii. plur. [From L. 7n«/Km,evil.] In /air, a term applied to things that are evil, w rong, or unlawful, as, mala in se, evils in themselves, as theft, robbery. &c, — Mala prohibita, wrongs which are prohibited by human laws, but are not positively wrongs in themselves, as trea- son, forgerv, playing at unlawful games, &c. M.-V-'LA, n. [L., contracted from Max- illa.] The cheeks ; the jaw ; the cheek- bone. MAL'AB.VR PLUM, ii. The name of a tree and its fruit, the Eugenia jambos. It grows plentifully on the coasts of Malabar, and its fruit is much esteemed. — Malabar leti.f, the leaf of the Ciuna- momum malabathrum of Malabar, used by the aucients as a medicine and per- fume. SI ALA€'€A BEAN, n. The fruit of the Semecarpus cassuvium. It closely re- sembles the cashew-nut. — Malacca roof, the root of the Sagittaria alej-i- pharniaca, or Arundo indica, cultivated in the West Indies as an antidote to several kinds of poisons. M.\LA€HODEN DRON, «. A genus of plants, nat. order Sterculiace.-e. Tlie 3f. ovaium, a native of America, is a fine ornamental plant, with large cream- coloured blossoms. M.AL.\^€OS TRA€A, ) n. A sub- MALA€OSTRAe.AXS,5 classofthe Crustacea, in which the animals have seven thoracic and seven abdominal segments. It includes the shrimps, lobsters, crabs, &c. MALACOSTRAeOL'OGT, n. [Or. jtcxAxas.-, soft, e?^j«z6(, shell, and }.iyci, discoui-se.j The science of Crustacea; called also cru^taceolony. MALA FI DES, n. [L.] In law, bad faith ; the opposite to bona fides, good faith. [See Mala Fide.] MALAG'MA, ii. [Gr.J In med., a cata- plasm. M.\LAGUETTA PEPPER, n. Grains of Paradise plant. [5ce Grains.] MAL.\M'BO B.VRK, ii. The bark of a tree, said to be procured from Columbia, and used as a substitute for cinchona. MAL.APROPOS',m/r.(nialapropo),in- stead of M.\L.\PKOPOS. M.ALAY', n. A native of Malacca, or of the Malay peninsula and the adjacent islands. — .As an adjective, belonging or relating to the Malays, or to their country. — Malay race, one of the five principal divisions of mankind, accord- ing to Blumenbach. In this division the summit of the head is slightly nar- rowed, the forehead a little projecting; the nose thick, \\ ide, and flattened; the mouth large ; the upper jaw projecting ; the hair black, soft, thick, and curled. MALAY' AN, a. Relating to Malaya or Malacca. MAL'COHA, n. A set of Asiatic cuckoos (Phcenicophoeus), with a space round the eye void of feathers. They live chiefly on fruit. M.\LDA'NIANS, In. Lam.arck's name M.A-LDA'NID.E, / for his second fa- mily of sedentary annelids, including the genera CIvmene and Dentaliiun. MALE.t «. [Fr.] [See Mail.] A budget or portmanteau. [Chaucer.] MALEADM1XISTK.\'T10N, + ii. Maladministration. M.ALECONFORMA'TION.t n. Mal- conformation. MALE'€ONTENT,t «■ Malcontent. M.A.LEDieT-ED.t «• Accursed. MALEFEA S.VNCE,t n. See Malfe.\- sance. JIALE' FERN, n. instead of MALE FERN. MALEFOEMA'TION,t n. Malforma- tion, 2.VI MAL'ENGIN,t n. [Fr.] [See Malek- GiNE.] Guile: ill-intent. [Spenser.] M.VLEODOUR, n. A bad odour or smell. MALEPR.Ve'TlCE,t n. Malpractice. M.\L'ESON,t n. [L. malus, evil, and Sonus, sound. 1 .\ curse ; malediction. M.4LE SWOUN.t 1 IT MALSWORN.t r- f^o"^""™- MALE-SYSTEM, n. In bot., all th.it part of a flower which belongs to the stamens. MALE'-T.\LENT,t n. [Fr.] Ill-will. [Chaucer.] MALETREAT'.t v. t. To maltreat. MALFORMATION, n. [add.] In pkf/s., a deviation from the natural form of an organ. M.\L'GRE,t ) adr. [Fr. See Mau- JIAUL'GRE,t) GBE.J In spite of. [Chaucer.] MALICE, n. [add.] In law, a formed design of doing mischief to another. It is express when the formed design or malice prepense is evidenced by cer- tain circumstances, discovering such } intention ; and implied, when the act is done in such a deliberate manner that the law presumes malice, though no particular enmity can be proved. MAL'ICE, n. A malicious person. [Shak.] , MAL'ICED,t prei. of Malice. Bore ex- I treme ill-will to. [Si>cn.«fr ] MAL'ICHO, n. [Sp. malhecho.] Mis- chief; injustice. MALI'CIOIS, a. [add.] Malicious I burning, in law, the oftence of arson.— Malicious injuries, same as malicious mischief. — Malicious prosecution, a pro- i ceeding by which a person's reputation is attempted tn be wilfullv destroyed. , MALIGNANT, a. [add.] Small; spar- I ing; scanty; as, a malignant light [A Latinism.] MALlGNE',f 1-. t. [See Malign.] To grudge ; to oppose. [Spciwer.] MALIGNING, ppr. (malining.) Tra- I ducing ; defaming. 1 M.ALIN(';ER,inslead of MALINGER. M.ALIN'GEK, V. i. Among soldiers, to feign illness, or to protract disease, in order to avoid duty. M.ALIN'GERER, n. In military Ian., a soldier who feigns himself sick. MALIN GERING, instead of MAL'- IXGERING. MALIN GERY, ii. A feigning illness, or protracting disease, in order to avoid j duty. MA'LIS, n. [Gr. inln;.] A cutaneous j disease, produced by parasitic worms or vermin ; formerly called dodders. I MAL'IST.t ;>i>. for Maliced. Regarded with ill-will. [S/ieiwer.] MALLARD, n. [add.] The common duck in its wild state, the Anas boschas ; of Linn. [ INI.iL'LEABLE, a. [add.] Malleable \ iron is cast-iron, which, by a peculiar process, has been deprived of its car- bon, and thus freed from its brittleness. [See Puddling.] M.ALLEA'TION, ». [add.] \ form of chorea, in which the person affected has a convulsive action of one or both hands, which strike the knee like a hammer. MALL'ED, pp. Beaten with something heavy; bruised. [See MtULED.] M.A,L'LEMOIvE, n. The fulmar-petrel (Procellaria glacialis), is so called. This bird is well known to the whalers, as it devoiu-s lumps of blubber, and is very greedy and gluttonous. JIALlEOLARjO. [L. maUeolus,A\mm. MALT-SHOT MANATEE MANDRILL of malleus, a hammer.J In anat., a term applied to two branches of the posterior tibial artery. MALLE'OLUS, 7i. [L. dirain. of mal- l€us.'\ The ankle, so called from its resemblance to a mallet. The termina- tion of the tibia at the ankle, is called maUeolus infernus, and the correspond- ing part of the fibula, malleolus extcrnus. MAL'LET, n. A mallard. [Shah.] MAVLEUS, n. [add.] Lamarck's name for a genus of irregular and inequivalve shells, placed among the Ostracea by Cuvier, The M. vuhjaris, hammer- headed oyster, is cliieHy remarkable for its singular form ; the two sides of the hinge being extended so as to resemble, in some measure, the head of a ham- mer, while the valves, elongated nearly at right angles to these, represent the handle. It inhabits the Indian Archi- pelago, attaching itself by a byssus to submarine rocks. MAL'LINDERS, ) c t^t.^..^^^. MAL'LENDEUS,} "' -^^^ M^landers. MALL'ING, ppr. Bruising; beating with sometliing Iicavy. [See JIauhsg.) MAL'MAG, ;i. Tarsius, a nocturnal genus of quadrupeds, allied to the le- murs. They are found in the islands of the Eastern Archipelago, and have elongated tarsi and large eyes. MA'LOPE, n, A genus of malvaceous plants, one species of uhich {M. mala- coides) is cultivated as a favourite hardy annual. It is common in Bar- bary, where it is found among stones and rocks, which it ornaments with its large crimson flowers. MALPIG'HIA, 71. Barbadoes cherry, a genus of plants. {See Malpichiace/E.] MALT, a. Made of, or containing malt. MALT.t pret. of Melt. Melted. [Chau- cer.'] MAL'TALENT.t ». [add.] Ill-will or spleen. _ [Spenser.'] MALTESE', 71. sing, and plur. A na- tive ornatives of Malta. MALTESE', n. Eelating to Malta. MALT'-UOUSE, 77. A house in which malt is made. MALTHU'SI.\N, a. Relating to Pro- fessor Jlaltims, or to the pnnciples con- tained in his Esxfii/ on the Principle of Population. Professor Malthus main- tains that population, when unchecked, goes on increasing in a higher i-atio tlian the means of suljsistence can, under the most favourable circum- stances, be made to increase. Popu- lation, however, cannot increase beyond the lowest nourishment capable of supporting life ; and therefore the dif- ficulty of obtaining food forms the primary check on the increase of popu- lation, and generally operates upon mankind in the various forms of misery or the fear of misery. The immediate clieck may be either preventive or posi- tive ; the preventive is such as reason and reflection impose, and the positive consists of every form by which vice and misery shorten human life. As a preventive check to the increase of population. Professor Malthus advo- cates the necessity of moral restraint, that is, the prudential restraint from marriage, with a conduct strictly moral during the period of the restraint. MALTHU'SIAN, ((. A follower of the principles of Malthus. MALT'-MILL, n. A mill for grinding malt. MALT'-SHOT,t ) «. A certain pay- MALT'-StlOT,!) ment for making malt. MA'LTJM, 77. [L.] An apple. JIALUllE'.t 71. [Fr. malheur.] Misfor- tune. I Chaucer.] M.A.LU'EUS, 71. A genus of p.isserine birds, abundantly dispersed through New South Wales. M. cf/aneus, is named by tiie colonists the snperb warbler, blue wren, &c. It is a very beautiful bird. MALVERSA'TION, n. [add.] In lau; misbeliaviour in an office, employ, or commission, as breach of ti'ust, extor- tion, &c. is the Manatus amerieanus. Mr. Gosse doubts the derivation of manatee, or " manantce," as the negroes call it, from manatus, lianded. Its flesh is delicious, in taste something between veal and pork. MANBOTE,! "• [Sax.] In ancient times, a compensation or recompense for homicide, particularly due to the lord for killing his man or vassal. MANCHi, 71. An East Indian boat na- vigating the Malabar coast, with masts raking forward. Its flat bottom fits it :lit of CivLCLt. MAL'VESIE, t n. Malmsey-wine. [Chaucer.] MAM, 71. (Contracted from Mamma ) IMamnia. MAJI'JIA, 71. plur. Mamma. [L.] The breasts; the organ that secretes the milk. MAMMA'LIA, 71. plur. [L.] The class of animals that suckle their young. [See MAM.\rAL.] JI AM i\I E L- IERES,7i. [Fr.] Circular plates covering the papsof aknight. MA.M'MIE,) MAM'MY, S n. \ child's term for mother or manima^ [Scotch.] ma:\imil'LA, ji. [add.] A term synonymous with papilla, as applied to the Jlanmielieres. conical bodies of tlie kidneys, at the points where the urine escapes. MAM'MOCKS, 7! Gobbets. [Scotch.] MAM'MOTII, a. Very large; as, a mammoth ox. M.VN, V. i. To beh.ave like a man; to persist with firmness and courage ; as, I must man it out. [Shah.] WAN'ACE,t n. A menace; a threat. [Chaucer.] MAN'ACE.t V. (. To menace; to threaten. [Chaucer.] M A N ' A C I N G,t ppr. Menacing ; threatening. [Chaucer.] MAN'AGE, 71. [add.] Horsemanship ; a riding-scliool. [Shah.] MANAOEABII/ITY, 71. Jianageable- ness. MAN'AGEMENT, 71. In commerce, the care of goods while in docks, custom- house stores, &c. MAN'AGlNG, a. Intriguing; economi- cal ; frugal. MANATEE', «. [See Manatus.] The common manatee of the American seas 251 for crossing the bars at the mouths of the -livers, and ascending the streams, whence it fetches awav heavy cargoes. MANCHE'-PRESENT,tn[Fi--»i«'!cAe, a handle. I A bribe; a present from the donor's own hand. MAN'CHILD, 77. A male child. MAN'CIPLE, 71. [add.] An officer who has the care of purchasing victuals for an inn of court. [Chaucer.] MAN'CUS, 71. A Saxon square piece of gold coin, about the value of half-a- crown. MAN'DANT, 71. A mandator. MAN'DATE, 71. [add. J In /aw, a judi- cial charge, command, commission ; also, a bailment of goods, without re- ward, to be carried from place to place, or to have some act performed about them. MANDA'TOR, n. [add.] In law, a bailer of goods. MAN'DATOIiy, 71. See Mandatary. MAND'EMENT.t 7i. [Fr.] Mandate. [Chaucer.] MAN'DER, 71. See Maunder. MAN'DEKIL, 71. See Mandrkl. MANDEVILLE', 1 ii. [Fr. mandille.] MANDIL'ION, ( See Mandilion. MANDIB'ULATE, ) a. Provided MANDIB'ULATED, ( with man- dibles, as many insects, beetles, grass- hoppers, wasps — in opposition to haus- tellate, haustellated. MAN'DISC, n. Tlie American name of the plant Jatropha manihot. MAN'DOKE, 71. [It. mamlora.] Same as Mandolinr. MAN'DKEL, » 77. [add.] In mechanics, M.IN'DRIL, ) a straight bar of iron on wliicli an article having a hole through it is fitted to be turned. It is centred between the lathe-spindle and tlie spindle of the shifting head. The lathe-spindle is also sometimes called the mandril of the lathe, though not commonly or properly. The name is also given to any straiglit bar upon which a tube or ring is welded. MAN'DRILL, 71. [add.] The great blue- faced baboon, the Ciinocephalus mai- mon, or Siniia maimon of Linn., the MANIFEST MAN-OF WAR MAP largest, most formidable, ferocious, and hideous of all the baboons. The man- drills are natives of tlie western coast of Africa, where they associate in large troops, which are tlie terror of the ne- groes, and are more tlian a match for tlie fiercest beast of iirey. They often plunder villages and cultivated fields with impunity. MANDUCATORY, a. Pertaining to, or employed in chewing. Mane, v. t. or !. To bemoan ; to moan. \ Scotch.] M.\NE. ji. Jloan. [ScotcJi.] MANE(5E', n. Cmaniizho' or manej'), in- stead of JI.\N'E(iE. [add.] A school for training horses, as well as for teaching horsemanship. MANEGE', V. t. instead of MAN'EftE. [add.] To train a horse for riding, or to graceful motion. JIA'NEH, n. A Hebrew weight of gold, consisting of a hundred shekels ; a weight of silver, consisting of sixty shekels. \KzehieL'] MAN'ERE.t \n. [Fr.] Carriage; be- MAN'ER,t ( haviour ; kind or sort. — A tuancr hve-driuhc, a sort of love- potion. \Chaucer.] MA'NES, n. instead of MANES. M.\NE'-SHEET, n. A sort of covering for the upper part of a horse's head. MANET'TIA, ti. A genus of plants, nat. order Cinchonaceje. The bark of the root of M. cordifulia is emetic, and is regarded in Brazil as a valuable remedy in dropsy and dysentery. MAN'GANATE, n. Same as Mangan- ES.^TE. MANGANESE', n. instead ofMAN'- GANESE. MANGAN'ie, a. instead of MAN'- GANie. MAN'GANITE, n. One of the ores of manganese, consisting of two prime proportions of the deutoxidi^ of the metal, combined with one of water. It is also called j/r«.'/ manganese-ore, and is used in the manufacture of glass. MANGIF'ERA, ;;. A genus of plants. [Sec IMango.] MAN'GO-FISH.n. Afish of the Ganges {Pohjneimis pariiiliscns), about fifteen inches long, and highly esteemed for food. It appears about the same time with the mango [see Mango], and hence the name. It is of a beautiful yellow colour, and the pectoral fins have some of the rays extended into long threads (Gr. :ro>.u; and uru-a). MANGOSTAN; ) ». [adj.] The fruit MAN'GOSTEIN, f is about the size of an orange, and is the most delicious of all kno«ii fruits. MAN'GO-TREE, n. The Mangifera indica.. [See ]\Iango.] MANGOUS'TE, n. The Egyptian ich- neumon and its congeners are so called. MAN'GROVE-HEN, n. A West Indian bird, a species of rail {Ralliis longiros- fris). JIANHA'DEN, n. See MENHAnEN. MA'NIA, ;i. [add.] Rage or vehement desire for anything. M.VNIA-A-PO'TU, n. [L.] Madness from drinking; defirhnn tremens. MAN'ICHEIST, n. See Manichean. AI.\N'lE,t H. [L. mania.] Madness. [Chaucer.] MAN'IFEST, \n. [add.] In commer- MANIFEST'O, ) cm/ /iawVa'iO", a do- cument signed by tiie master of a ves- sel at the place of lading, authenticated by the authorities of the port, contain- ing a sijecific description of the siiip, her cargo and passengers, with the des- tination of the ship and of each pack- age of the goods, &c. Goods are not permitted to be imported into the United Kingdom without a manifest. ;\I.VNIFEST ABLE, a. That may be manifested. MANIFEST'EDNESS, n. State of being manifested. [Rare.] MAN'IIIOT. n. See Manioc. MANIL'IO, n. (manil'-yo.) [It. manirj- Uo.] An ornament for the haiul, wrist, or leg, worn in Africa. Also written Manilla, Man'il, and Manille' . MANIL'LA-HEMP, n. A fibrous ma- terial obtained from the Musa tertilis, \ a plant which grows in the Philippine Isles, &c., from wliich excellent ropes and cables are made. MANIPULATED, jyp. Treated or operated with the hands. MANIP'ULATING, n'r. Operating with the hands. MANIPULATIVE, a. Pertaining to, or performed by manipulation. MA'NIS, n. A genus of edentate mam- mals, covered with large, hanl, trian- gular scales with sharp edges, and over- lapping each other like tiles on a roof; often called scalji lizards, scali/ ant- eaters, or pangolins. They inhabit the warmer parts of Asia and Africa, and feed on ants, the nests of which they break into with their claws, which, in walking, are turned in. MAN'KIND, <7. Masculine; as, a man- hind witch. [Shah.] MANKS, In. The old language of the MANX, f Isle of Man. MANKS, \a. Relating to the Isle of MANX, ( Alan, or to its language. MAN'-MER'CER, n. One who deals by retail in cloths, &c., for male attire; a woollen draper. M AN'-MID- WIFE, n. (man'-mid'-wif ) A physician who practises midwifery ; an accoucheur. MAN'NA. Mnst not. [Scotch.] M.\N'NA'€ROUP, n. A granular pre- paration of wheat-flour deprived of bran. It consists of the large hard grains of wdieat-flonr retained in the liolting-machine after the fine tlour has been passed through its meslies. The French call it semoiiliyia, or semoulinc, and the finest kind of it is said to be made in the south of France. It is used for making soups, puddings, &c. MAN'NER, n. [add.] Taken leith the manner, taken with a stolen thing in one's hand, or about one. MAN'NERED, a. Having manners. JIAN'NERISM, n. [add.] A tasteless uniformity, reducing everything to the same manner, without the freedom and variety of nature. MAN'NERS, n. plnr. [add.] Morals; polite behaviour ; behaviour considered as decorous or indecorous, polite or im- polite, pleasing or displeasing. MAN'NERS-RIT, n. A portion of a dish left by guests, that the host may not feel himself reproached for insuffi- cient preparation. [Local.] M,\N'NING,t »• [From L. manus, the hand.] A day's work of a man. MAN'NISH, «. [add.] Human ; proper to the hiunan species ; proper to man, as distinguished from woman. — As ap- plied to a woman, it is a strong term of reproach. [Chaucer.] M.VN'NISHLY, ado. In the manner of a man ; boldlv. MAN-OF-WAR', n. An armed ship; a government vessel, employed for the purposes of war. MAN-OF-WAR',n.TheP/iy*a/iaj)ete- 252 gica, one of the acalepha, is so called by sailors, from the crest looking like the sail of a ship as the creature swims. [See PnvsALis in Diet] MAN-OF-WAR'-BIRD, n. Thefrigate- bird, Tachypetes aquila. [See Fri- OATE-BiRD in this Sui>p.] MAN-OF- WAR'S'-M AN, «. A seaman belonging to a ship-ot'-war. MAN 'OR, n. [add.] Dwelling; habita- tion. [Chaucer.] MAN'OSCOPE, n. See Manometer. MAN'SIONRY.t n. A place of resi- d6ncc. MAN'SWORN, pp. Perjured. [Scotch.] MAN'TEAU, n. (man'to.) [Fr.] A cloak ; a mantle. MAN'TELINE.t n. A little mantle used by knights at tournaments. MAN'TIDjE, II. A family of orthopter- ous insects, named from the genus Mantis. MANTIL'LA, h. [Sp.] A woman's head-covering; alight covering thrown over the dress of a lady. MAN'TIS, n. A genus of orthopterous insects, remarkable for their grotesque forms. They frequent trees j^nd plants, and the forms and colours of their bodies and wings are so like the leaves and twigs which surround them, as to give them remarkable power to elude rraymg.inBnt!8, Mantis religiosa. observation. The -1/. religiosa or pray- ing-mantis, has received its name from the peculiar position of the anterior pair of legs, resembling that of a per- son's hands at piayer. In their habits they are very voracious, killing insects and cutting them to pieces. MANTIS-CRAB, «. Crustacea of the genus Squilla are so called, fi'om the second pair of jaw-feet being very large, and formed very like the fore- legs of insects of the genus Mantis. MANTIS'PA, n. A genus of neuropter- ous insects of small size, and widely dispersed. They chiefly reside upon trees. Their forelegs are formed like tliose in the genus Mantis. MAN'TLE, n. [add.] In arch., the same as Mantle-Tkee. Also written Mantel. MANTLED, pp. or u. Covered with a mantle. MANTLING, ppr. or a. Cloaking; covering ; extending. MAN'-TRAP, n. An engine for catch- ing trespassers. It is now unlawful, unless set in a dwelling-house, between sunset and sunrise. MAN'TY, n. Mantua silk; a mantle; a gown. [Scotch.] MAN'UALIST,)i. An artificer; awork- nian. [Rare.] MAN'UALLY, adv. By hand. MANUBRIUM, n. [L.] A haft or liandle ; the upper bone of the sternum. MANUCAPTOR, n. [h. manus, and capio, to take.] In law, one who stands bail for another. MANUFACTORY, a. [add.] Perform- ed by art and labour of the hands ; as, a manufactory operation. [6'if;/>.J JJ^S J' "• \ See JIanks in this Supp. MANX, a.) MAN'Y TLMES. An adverbial phrase. Often ; frequently. MAP,n. [add.] Geologicahna2>s,dehnei- MARGRAVINE MARITIME MARQUOI'S RULERS tions of the strata on the earth's sur- face, &c. WAP'LE-TREE, n. A tree of the genus Acer. [See Maple.] MAR'ABOU-STORK, n. At least two species of large storks are so called ; the delicate wliite feathers beneath the wing and tail form tiie marabou-fea- thers imported to this country. One species is a native of West Africa {Lep- topiilus marabou), the other is common in India, where it is generally called the adjutant ; it is the Lejjtoptilus ar- gnla._ MARaI', n. A sacred inclosnre or tem- ple among the islanders of the Pacilic Ocean. MARASeHK'NO, n. A delicate spirit, distilled from cherries; the best is from Zara, and is obtained from the Marasca cherry. MARBRI'NUS,! \n. A species of cloth, MAR'BLE.f ) composed of parti- coloured worsted, so disposed as to re- present the veins of marble. It was in use by the Normans. MAR€, n. [Fr.] The refuse matter which remains after the pressure of fruit, particularly of grapes. — 2. A weight of gold and silver; a money of account. [See Mark.] M ARCHANDE' - DE - MODES, f Fr. literally, dealer in fashioTis.] A lady's milliner. MaRCII'ER, n. [add.] The lords marchers were tlie noblemen who lived on the marches of Wales and Scotland, who, in times past, had their laws and regal power, until they were abolished by 27 Henry Vlll. MAR'CHET, H. A pecuniary fine an- ciently paid by the tenant to his lord, for the marriage of one of the tenant's daughters. This custom prevailed both in England and Scotland. MAR'CIAN,t a. Martial; under the influence of Mars. [Chaucer. \ MARCIDITY, n. Leanness; meagre- ness. MAR'CIONITE, n. A follower of Marcion, a Gnostic of the 2d century, who adopted the Oriental notion of the two conflicting principles, and imagined that between these there existed a third power, neither wholly good nor evil, the creator of the world, and the God of the Jewish dispensation. MARD.f pret. from Mar. Threw down. [Spenser.'] MAR'EGA, 71. [add.] A genus of pal- mipede birds, containing the widgeon (Mareca jyenelope). MARE'S'-NEST, n. A person is said to find a mare's-nesty when lie chuckles over the discovery of something which is absurdly ridiculous, or whicli turns out to be a hoax. MARE^S'-TAIL, n. [add.] A name given by seamen to long streaky clouds, spreading out like a horse's tail, and indicating rain. MARGARITA'CEiE, n. The pearl- oyster tribe ; an order of mollusca, containing many genera of much in- terest. The most important is the Avicnla, one species of which, the A. ?Har£/flri/(/c?ra, produces the most valued pearls, as well as the greatest quantity of mother-of-pearl. MARGARITIF'EROUS, a. Producing pearls. JIXR6E,t;i. Brink; margin. [Spenser.] MAROlNA'LIA, n. plur. Notes writ- ten on the margin of books. [Lit. us.] ^rAR'GRAVINE, H. The wife of a mai-gi-ave. MA'RIAN, a. Relating to Mary, "Virgin or Queen. MAR'ID, n. In Mahometan myth.^ an evil jinnee or demon of the most power- ful class. M ARaE,t ) n. [Sax.] Marrow.— iffaWe- M AR' Y,f \ boneSf marrow - bones. [CJiaucer.] MAR'IGOLD, n. [add.] Pot-marigold, the Calendula oXhcinalis, common in gardens. It was formerly much em- ployed as a carminative, but is now cliiefly used to adulterate saffron. MAR'IGOT, 7^. [Fr. marais, a marsh.] In Western Africans, kind of small lake close to or near the brink of a river, and fed by the river's overflowings; as, there are many marirjuts along the whole course of the Senegal. MARlKli'NA, 71. A small South Ame- rican monkey, with fine silky hair of a golden yellow colour, and furnished with a mane; also called the sil/ti/ ta- marin. It is the Jacchus rosalia of naturalists, [decent in Diet. Monkey.] MARINE', n. [add.] This term also com- prehends the government of naval ar- maments, and the state of all the per- sons employed therein, whether civil or military. — Royal marines, troops which serve on board of her Majesty's ships of war. MARINE' ACID, n. Spirit of salt; muriatic or hydrochloric acid. MARINE' BAROMETER, n. A baro- meter adapted to tlie conditions of a ship's motion. It is simply a cistern- barometer suspended by gimbals, with a stricture in the tube to prevent oscil- lations of the mercury. MARINE' CHAIR, n. A machine in- vented ror viewing steathly the satel- lites of Jupiter at sea. MARINE' CONGLOM'ERATES, n. In geol.y deposits formed and thrown up by the sea upon its shores. They are mixed with remains of shells and corals, which are agglutinated by a cal- careous cement, finally acquiring a to- lerably firm consistence. Such con- glomerates are very abundant in tlie West Indies. MARINE' ENGINE, n. A steam-engine employed to propel vessels, whether on the ocean or on rivers. They are gen- erally condensing engines. MARINE' SOCIETY, n. A charitable institution for the purpose of appren- ticing boys to the naval service. In- corporated by 12 Geo. III., c. G7. MARINE' SURVEYOR, w. A machine for measuring the way of a ship at sea, and for registering the same on a sort of dial-plate. MARIOL'ATRY, n. [L. Maria, a wo- man's name, and Gr. >.a.T^uct, service, worship.] The adoration of the Virgin Mary, as the Deipara or mother of God. This mistaken iiomage began in the 4th century, but was soon put down as a heresy, having been utterly unknown in the primitive churches. It was re- vived with better fortune in the 7th century. MARIOTTE'S' LAW, n. The law of the relation between the elastic force and density of gases; properly called Boyle's law, — which see. MAR'ITATED,t a. Having a husband. MAR'ITIME,a. [add.] Maritime causes, in law, those injuries that are com- mitted on the high seas. — Maritime courts, the court of admiralty, and its courts of appeal, the judicial committee of the privy council. — Maritime state, the body which consists of the officers 253 and mariners of the British navy, who are governed by express and permanent laws, or the articles of the navy, estab- lished by act of parliament. — Maritime interest, a premium charged upon a bond of bottomry. MARK'AB, n. A star of the second magnitude in the northern constellation Pegasus. MARK'ER,n. [add.] A counter used in card-playing. MARK'ET-BETER.t "■ A swaggerer; one who swaggers up and down a mar- ket. [Chaucer.] MaRK'ET-GELD, n. The toll of a market. MAR K'ET-OVERT,H. An open market. MARK'ET-PENNY, n. A penny an- ciently paid at the town of Maldon by those who had gutters laid or made out of their houses into the streets. MAllieiS,t ». [Fr.] A marquis. [Chmt- ccr.] SiJVRK'ISESSE.t n. [Fr.] The wife of a marquis. [Ch(tueer.] MARKS'MANSIIIP, n. Dexterity of a marksman. MARLE, V. i. To wonder; to marvel. [Scotch.] Marled, j)P- or a. Variegated; mot- tled ; chequered. [Scotch.] MARL'ING-SPIKJE, n. Same as Mar- t.in-Spike. MAKL'Y clay, n. A variety of clay used in making pale bricks, and as a manure. MARMl'TE', 7?. [Fr.] A French cooking- vessel ; a porridge-pot. MAR'MOSET,H.[add.] Jacchus, a genus of small American monkeys, distin- guished from the I'est of the American monkeys by the absence of the addi- tional molar, and by the sharpness and crookedness of their nails. They Jire very nimble and agile in their move- ments, and extremely cautious in their habits. Their ears are generally tufted. MAR'MOT, n. [add.] The alpine mar- mot is the Arctomys aljiinus, about the size of a rabbit. The Arctomys ludo- vicianus is the prairie-dog of North America. MaR'MOZET, 71. See Marmoset. MAR'ONITE, n. A follower of Maro, an inhabitant of Libanus and Anti- Libanus in Syria. The Maronites, in the 7th century, adopted the opinions of the Monothelites. MAROON', 71. [add.] In Jamaica, the name given to a runaway negro. — Also, a bright white light used for signals in the East Indies. MAROON', a. Brownish crimson ; of a scarlet colour. MAROON'ING, n. In the southern states of America, to go nuwooning, is to make up a party and have a picnic ; such is called a marooning party. It is made up for the purjiose of spending several days on the shore or in the cmnitry. MaR'PLOT, n. One who, by his offi- cious interference, mars or defeats a design or plot. MAR'QUIS, \n. [add.] Till of late, MaR'QUESS, ) tnarquis wan tlie most common, but it is now to a great extent superseded by marquess. MARQUISE', 71. [Fr.] The wife of a marquis; a marchioness. MXR'QUOrS RULERS, H. Triangular rulers used for drawing parallel and perpendicular lines, so named from Marquoi, an artist, to whom the most approved construction and application of triangular rulers are due. In these MARTEL-DE-FER MASDEO MASS instruments the side or edge of a right- angled triangular ruler is made to slide on the graduated edge of a rectangular ruler, almut twelve inciies long. MARRIAGE, ?i. [add.] Marriage-con- sideration, the highest consideration recognized by law. A marriage-con- sideration, in a settlement made prior to marriage, or in pursuance of articles entered into before marriage, runs through the whole settlement, as far as it relates to the husband and wife, and issue, and protects them. — Mar- riage-favours, knots of white riband.s, or bunches of white flowers worn at weddings. — Marriage-porlion, a por- tion given to a woman at her marriage. — Marriage-settlement, a conventional arrangement usually made before mar- riage, and in consideration of it, where- by a jointure is secured to the wife, and portions to children, in the event of the husband's death. .M.VRRIAGEABLENESS, h. State of being marriageable. MARRON', a. [Fr.] Of a chestnut colour. MAR'ROT, n. A name of the auU, a sea-bird. MARROW, I'. (. To equal; to associate with ; to fit; exactly to match. [Scotch.] MAR'RY-MUFFE.t n. A coarse com- mon cloth. MARSEILLAISE' HYMN, «. The na- tional song of the French patriots. MAR'SIIAL, ?!. [add.] 3TarsIial of the hinges {qitee?is) bench. The Act 5 and 6 Vict., c. 22, abolished this office, and substituted an officer, who is called keeper of the queen's prison. MAR'SIIALLING, n. [add.] The act of arranging and putting into proper order, as an army or troops ; the dis- posing of persons at public solemnities or processions in their proper places, according to their respective ranks, &c. MAR'SHALSEA, n. [add.] In theraar- shalsea of the kmg's (queen's) house- hold there are two courts of record : — (1.) The original court of the marshalsea, which holds plea of all trespasses com- mitted within the verge, that is, within a circle of twelve miles round the sove- reign's residence. (2.) The palace-court (which see), created by Charles I., and abolished in 1849. The Marshalsea prison is now consolidated with others, and denominated the Queen's prison. MaRSU'-HARRLER, n. A bird (Circus a^rugiitosus). M.'VliSIi'-LAND, n. Swampy or marshy land. MARSUPIA'LIA, \n. An order of WARSUPIA'TA, J mammalia. [See Marsupials.] MARSU'PIALS, instead of MAR- SUPIALS. MARSU'PIAN, a. Same as Maksi-- PIATE. MARSU'PIATE, a. Same as Marsu- pial. MARSUTIUM, instead of MARSUP- lUM. MART, \n. A cow or ox fattened, MAIRT, i killed, and salted forwinter provision. [Scotch.] MART,t for Mars, the god of war. [Spenser.'] !MARTE,t for Mars. [Chaucer.] JLAR'TEL-DE-FER.t «. [Frcn.] An ancient weapon having at one end a pick, and at the other a hammer, axe- blade, half-moon, or other termination, used by horse-soldiers, and generally hung at the saddle-bow. Fig. 1 shows a horseman's hammer of about the time of Edward IV. ; fig. 2, a martel-de-fer of the time of Henry A'lll.; fig. 3, a martel-de- ^c^ [add.] The pine-marten (Mustela martes) is an inhabitant of the woody districts in the northern parts of America, and is also found in Sweden, Norway, &c. Its fur is of a superior quality, and the skins form a great article of commerce. JIAR'TIN, n. [add.] See Swallow. MAR'TIN GALE, v. [add.] Martingale- staffs, ropes or small chains stretched to the jib-boom end for staying it down, M AR'TIN(ST.)OF BULLION'S DAY, 71. The fourth day of July, o.s. This is the Scottish St. Swithin's Day. If it prove dry, it is augured that fair weather will ensue for six weeks; if wet, that rain will prevail for the same period. l\lAR'TIRE,t n. [Fr.] Martyrdom; tor- ment. [Chaucer.] MAR'TIRE,t v.t. To torment. [Chau- cer.] JIAR TLEMAS, n. Martinmas. MaRT'NETS, «. See Martinets. MARTYRED, pp. or a. [add.] Shed in martyrdom ; as, marti/red blood. [Mil- ion.] MAR'TYREST.t [See SUrtvr.] Dost torment. [Spenser.] MAR'TYRLY,t a. Relating to martjTS or martyrdom. MA'RUM, H. A name formerly given to several species of Teucrium. Marum si/riacum, the Teucrium Marum, Syrian herb-mastic, a bitter aromatic plant, smelling like ammonia, and used as an errhine. MA'RY'.f ) 77. Avulgar oath; byMarv. MA'RlE.t I [Chaucer.] MAR'YGOLD, n. See Marigold. MASAHIB, li. In the East Indies, the councillor of a native prince. MASCLED ARJIOUR, 71. (raasld.) Ar- mour such as that worn by the Norman soldiers, re- presented in thcBayeaux tapestry. It was com- posed of small loz- enge-shaped m e t a 1 1 i c plates, fas- tened on a leathern or quilted un- dercoat. MASeUL- IN'ITY, a. The quality of being masculine. [Har. us.\ MAS'DEU, »7. [Fr.] A species of French wine. 254 Muscled A MaSE,-|- n. Maze; a wild fancy. [Chau- cer.] MASE,t V. i. To doubt; to be confound- ed. [Chaucer.] MA'SEDNESS,t n. Amazement; as- tonishment; confusion. [Chaucer.] MA'SELIN,t \ "■ [D. mteser, the wood MA'ZERIN,t ) of the maple-tree.] A drinking-cup, usually made of the wood of the maple-tree. [Chaucer] MASH, n. [add.] In brewing, a mixtiu-e of ground malt and warm water. MASHALLAH! inter. [Turkish and Persian.] Praised be the Lord ! MASH'ING, 71. A beating into a mass ; a crushing. — 2. In brewing, the process of infusing the ground malt in warm water, and extracting the saccharine matter called sweet-wort. MASH'LUM, \a. [See Meslin.] Mix- MASH'LIN, ) ed, applied to grain. [Scotch.] MASH'LUM, 77. Mixed grain; a mix- ture of edibles. [Scotch.] MASH'-TUB,77,SameasM.iSHiNG-TuD. MASH'- VAT, 77. Same as MasiiTub. MASH'Y, a. [add.] Of the nature of a mash. MASK, V. I. To masb ; to Infuse. [Scotch.] MASK, V. i. To be in a state of infusion. [Scotch.] MAS'KEL,t 77. A kind of lace made in the 1.5th century. MAS'KERY.t n. The dress or disguise of a masker. MASIv'ING-FAT, 71. A mashing-vat. [Scotch.] MASK'ING-PAT,77.Ateapot. [5co(c/(.] MA'SON-BEE, n. A name given to hymenoptcrous insects of the genera Osmia and Chalicidoma, which con- struct their nests with bits of sand or gravel, agglutinated together by means of a viscid saliva, and fix them on the sides of walls, &c., or avail themselves of some cavity for that purpose. MA'SONRY, 71. [add.] A stone pave- ment. [.S7i«/f.] MA'SON-WASP, 71. A name given to hymenopters of the genus Odynerus, from their ingenuity in excavating their habitation in the sand. MAS OOLAH-BOAT, n. See Ciie- LiNGUE in this Supp. MASS, 71. [add.] A term generally ap- plied to the compound of which hills are formed, — In the .^7ie 07*, a large quantity of matter of light or shade. — In mechanics, the mass multiplied into the intensity of gravity at the place, constitutes the weight of the body ; so that the weight being denoted by w, the mass by M, and the measure of gra- vity by g, then w = g. M, and therefore M = — . This quantity (j, which is in- g dependent of the particular nature of the body, is thus the weight of what is arbitrarily assumed to represent the 77717V of mass. Also, if iv represent the weight of the unit of volume, and v the volume of the body, then is w = «;. v 1 '77' and M = — . V. g MASS, 71. [add.] Tlie mass is a church- service which forms an essential part of both the Roman Catholic and Greek churches, and in which the consecra- tion of the sacramental bread and wine takes place. In the Roman Catholic church, the mass consists of four parts: — (1.) 'Phe introitus or preparation, con- sisting of several prayers, psalms, the Gloria in Excelsis, the epistle and gospel JWAST-HEAD for the day, the creed, &c. (2.) The consecration of the bread and wine (3.) The communion, {i.) The post com- viumo, which consists of a few more prayers, and of the blessing which the priest gives, turning toward tiie con- gregation.—J/iV;A -mn;ss, a mass per- formed on festivals and otlier solemn occasions, by a priest or prelate, at- tended by a deacon and subdeacon. On such occasions the mass, or parts of it are sung by a choir, accompanied by the organ and other musical instru- ments — Liiw-mass, the ordinary mass performed by the priest, assisted by one altar-servant only *J,'^?,,S'-.B90K,«. The missal orKoman Catholic service-book lUAh bi,lEKINE, f masseter; applied to a branch of the inferior maxillary nerve. MASS'-HOUSE, „. A name formerly given to a Roman Catholic place of worship. MASSIL'IA, ),. [From Marseilles 1 A small planet or asteroid, revolving be- tween the orbits of Mars and Jupiter discovered September 20, 1852, by M Chacornac. MASS'-MEETING,«. A large or gene- ral meeting, called for some specific purpose, [American.] MASS'-PRIEST, n. A name formerly nf'/o^,*" " Koman Catholic priest. MASSUELLE',t «• [Fr] A heavy mace or club, used by soldiers during the time of the Crnsades. Also written Masuel. MAST, V. t. To fix masts; to supply n^A i'-i! ™J1?^ ■?■■ "'"Sts ; as, to mast a ship. MAST--COAT, n. See Co.iT in this Supp. MAST'ED, pp. or a. Having masts; as, a three-mm^frf vessel. MAS-TER, «. [add.] Afaslers of the common-law courts. There are five masters on the plea side of each of the courts of queen's bench and exche- nuer, and also in the common pleas. i heir duties are to tax costs, compute damages, and attend the judges in court. — il/„s?fr of the crown- office, the queens coroner and attorney in the criminal department of the ciurt ot queens bench. [See Chown-Of- FiCE in this Supp.]--Master of the .iacullKs, an officer under the 'arch- bishop who grants licenses, dispensa- tions, &c.-Masler of the Temple, the chief ecclesiastical minister of the lemple church, London. WAS-TER, V. t. [add.] To make one's iil.L!!;?,^^?''"''' ^' *" ""■"''■'• a science. fllAb TER, a. Rolonging to a master ; chief; principal. MASTERFULLY, adr. In an impe- rious manner. [Rare 1 MAS'TER-KEY, n. [add.] In ^figura- live sense, a general clue to lead out of many difficulties. MaS'TER.MA'SON, n. A superior or head mason. MAS'TER-PASSION, „. A predomi- nant passion. WAS-TER-SPIRIT, n. A predominant mind, JIAS'TEU-SPRING, n. The spring which sets in motion, or regulates the whole work or machine. JlAS'TER-WORKMAN, n. The head or chief workman. WAST'-HEAD, „. The top of the mast of a ship. MAST-HEAD', V. t. In the ro!,al nany, to send a person to the top of a II.— Supp. MATCH-CLOTII mast, there to remain for auiii^|l^^ hed or unspecified, as a punishment. Mast-heading is most usually inflicted on young midshipmen, for some venial transgression. MAST'-HOUSE, )„ j, „,.ce MAST'ING-HobsE, } whefe mlts &c are deposited.—^. A building fur- nished with apparatus for fixing vessels' masts; as, the masting-honse at the East India docks, Blackwall, is a con- MA«T/f>°''^f' '?^" f™"" ">« Thames. SIASTICHj IS obtained from the .T". "H""'''^"' which grows in the "°^'h of Africa and the Levant. A 1 s'4^J^' "■ 9"""'iy; adhesive as gum. i, ■ S,i,'^' "■ "istead of MASTI'C. MAS'TICH, «. See Mastic. MATRIMONIAL CROWN MAS'TICH HERB, ) n. The nvmu, HERBMAS-TICH,} JnsHcMna 1 plant which grows in Spain. It is a low shruliby plant, and has a strong agreeable smell, like mastic. MAS'TICH-TREE, „. The Pistacia lentisciis. [See JIastic 1 MASTIC'IC ACID, „. That part of mastic which is soluble in alcohol MASTICINE, n. A substance which remains on dissolving mastic in alcohol. H amounts to about a fifth of the mas- tic employed, and has, while moist, ail the characters of caoutchouc, but be- comes brittle when dried. MAS'TICK, a. Masticatory. [Shah ] JIAS'TIFF-BATS, „. The species of Molossus, a genus of New World bats are so named from their heads resem- bling those of the mastiff-dog MASTIGOPH'OROUS, n. [Gr. ^.„,. 5-',-;;o; J Carrying a wand, scourge, or whip. ' MASTING, rpr. or a. Fixing or sup- plying masts; as, he thinks of masiina that barge. MASTI'TIS, n. [Gr. M«„,,the breast, and ,■,„, which implies inflammation.] Ihlegmonous inflamm.ation of the breast of women. MAS'TODON-SAURUS, n. A gigantic extinct saurian, found in alum-slate. MASTODYN'IA, n. [Gr. „..,«, the breast, and .S^„, pain.] Pain of the breasts in women. JIAS'TOID, a. [add.] Mastoid foramen, a hole in the temporal hone of the skull, by the side of the mastoid pro- cess.— Mastoid muscle, a muscle of the nec^< inserted into the mastoid process. MAS ULA-BOAT, n. See Chelinoue 111 this Supp. ^V}^'^ ]"■ fP^i'liaps contraction of MAII, j matter.] la copper-smelting, the alloy of copper, tin, iron, &c., other wise called white-metal. MAT, i: i. To grow thick together; to become matted. MaTAMa'TA, n. A curious South American tortoise, with asmall carapace and exposed head and feet. Its cara- Jiace IS covered with eminences, and its body is curiously fimbriated. It is the Cheli/s fimoria. JIATCH, n. [add.] To prime match, is to prepare the match so as to be ea.sily igmtible, by putting on the end of it some wet bruised powder, made into a sort of paste. MATCH'AIJLENESS, n. Quality of being matchable; correspondence. [B. Johnson.] MATCH'-BOX.t "■ A tin box in which light was carried by a musqueteer, be- fore the use of the Hint. MA-TCH-CLOTH, n. A co.arse woollen cloth for the Indian trade. [American 1 255 MATCH'-eORD, „. A line composed or matches. MATCHING OF WINE-CASIvS n A mode of purifying casks for wines «ic., by burning sulphur-matches in them in order to preserve the liquor from becoming vapid. MATCH'LESSE.t «. Not paired ; not alike. [Spenser.] MATCH'-TUBS, n. In sl.ips-of-xoar, tubs liaving a cover perforated with holes, in which lighted matches are kept inverted, and in which there is water to extinguish sparks that may fall from the match. MATE,-[ V. t. [Sax, mwtan, to dream,] To make insensate ; to stupify ; to astound or astonish ; to appal, [Shah.] MATE,f I', i. To be insensate, IMATE, V. t. [add,] To distress ; to ren- der sorrowful, [Spenser.] MATE,t?);>. of Mate. Dejected; crushed- struck dead. [Chaucer.] MA'TED,t W- Confounded; made senseless; dismayed. [Shuk.\ MA'TER ACE-TI, n. [I..] Mother of vinegar; a mould-plant which appears on the surface of vinegar, forming thereon a thick leather-like coat. It belongs to the genus Slycoderm.-i MATERIAL, a. [add.] Material eci. dence, in law, any testimony which is necessary in support of, though it do not go to the entire cause of action MATERIAL FOOL, n. A fool with matter in him, MATERIALISTIC, \a. Relating MATERIALIS'TICAL, J to, or par- taking of materialism, MATERIA MEDICA, n. See after Mater, MATE'RIEL, n. [add.] That in a com- plex system which constitutes the ma- terials, or instruments employed, as the baggage, munitions, provisions, &e., of an army, in distinction from the;;e;-- sonel, or the men ; or the buildings, libraries, and apparatus of a college, in distinction from its officers. MATER'NALLY, ado. In a motherly manner. MAT'ICINE, n. A bitter principle ob- tained from the plant matico. MATICO, H. The Peruvian name of the Artanthe salria-folia of iMiguel, an astringent plant belonging to the nat. order Piperaceaf. In Peru it has long enjoyed a high reputation for its styptic properties, and it has been recently in- troduced into this country. The tinc- ture and cold-water extract have been employed to arrest hajmorrhages, and to check other discharges, such as the profuse expectoration, and also the night-sweats of consumptive patients. The powdered leaves are given both internally and applied externally. MAT'IRE.t * Af ., r^, MAT'ERE.tf "■ '*■■• [<^'""'«''l MATRICULA.K. [L.] A matriculation book; a register of the admission of officers and persons entered into any body or society, MATRICULATE, a. Matriculated; .admitted; enrolled. MATRIMONIAL CAUSES, n. In too, injuries respecting the rights of mar- riage, which form a branch of the ec- clesiastical jurisdiction. MATRIMONIAL CROWN, n. In Scots law, a grant by which the hus- band of the Scottish queen .icquired the light to assume the title of king, to have his name stamped upon the coin, and to sign all public instruments to- gether with the queen. 8d MAXILLOZA MEALT-BnO MEASURE MA'TRON, instead of MATRON. MA'TROXAGE, instead of MAT'- RONAGE. MA TROXAL, instead of MATRON- AL. MA'TRONHOOD, instead of MAT'- ROSHOOD. MA'TROXIZE, instead of MAT'- ROXIZE. MA'TROXIZED, instead of MAT'- ROXIZED. MA'TROXIZIXG, instead of MAT - RONIZIXG. MA'TROXLIKE, instead of MAT'- ROXLIKE. MA TROXLT, instead of MAT'RON- LY. MATTE, n. (mat.) Crude blacli copper- ore, reduced but not refined from sul- phur, &c. — 2. (mat'-te.) Paraguay tea. [See Mate.] WAT'TER, r. i. [add.] To care ; to con- cern one's self [Locke.] MAT-TER-OF-FA€T, 7,. A reality, as distinguished from what is fanciful, hypothetical, or hyperbolical.— As an adjective, treating of facts or realities. — Matter-of-fact tnan. a grave and pre- cise narrator, remarker, or inquirer; one who sticks to the matter of any fact, and never wanders beyond reali- ties. MAT'TIXG, n. [add.] A te.\ture com- posed of rushes, flags, grass, straw, hemp, kc, used in packing various articles, and also for covering the floors of passages, lobbies, cS;c., and for door- mats. — In ships, a texture made of strands of old rope, or of spun yarn, beaten flat and interwoven ; used to prevent chafing. MAU'KIX, ) , , re , - MAW'KIX,} "• ■■*■ ■""•«• [Scotch.] MAUL. V. [add.] Top-maul, aiwou^ sea- men, a large hammer with an iron handle, used in the tops for unfidding top-masts. MAUL, n. [add.] In ships, large iron hammers are called mauls, anA are used for various purposes, as for driving bolts, treenails, &c. MAUMET,t «. [See M.iwmet.] An idol. [Chaucer.] MAU'METRlE,t "■ The religion of Mahomet ; idolatry. [Chaucer.] MAUN. Must. [Scotch.] MAUN'DEK, 1-. (•. To talk incoherently or idly. [Scotch.] MAUNDERING, ppr. Palavering; talking idly. [Scotch.] MAUN 'NA. Must not. [Scotch.] MAUT, n. Malt. [Scotch.] BIAV'IS,t II. phir. [Fr. Supposed to be a mistake for muis.] Tlie Paris muid is a measure for corn, containing some- thing more than live quarters English, [Chaucer.] MAW, I.. (. To mow. [Scotch] MAWE,f n. The maw; the stomach. [Chaucer ] MAW'KIN. Sec M.*lkin. MAWN, pp. Jlowed. [Scotch.] MAWSKIN, n. The stomach of a calf prepared for making cheese; rennet. [Local] MAW- WORM, n. [add ] The Ascaris vermicular is, wliich infests the rectum. and occasionally visits the maw or stomach. MAXIL LIPED, n. [L. maxilla, a jaw; and pes, foot.] Jaw-foot; a term ap- plied to the short foot-like appendages that cover the mouth in a crab, lobster, or other allied animal. MAXILLOZA, «. [L. moxiV/o, a jaw.] A group of crustaceous animals, in which the month is furnished with jaws, as the crab, lobster, &c. MAXIMIST, n. One who deals in maxims. M.iX'IMIZE, 1-. t. To increase to the highest degree. [Bare.] MAXIMUM, a. Greatest; as, the maximum velocity. MAY'-BE, \adv. Perhaps; it may be. MAY -BIE, f [Scotch.] MAY-BEETLE, «. A name of the cock-chaft'er. M.\Y'-BIRD, n. The name given in Jamaica to a fine song-bird, the Turdus mustelinus, very sober plumaged, like oar song-thrush. It visits tlie island in the month of May. A species of cuckoo also receives the same name (Coccyzus americanus). MAYDENHEDE,t n. Maidenhood; virginity. [Chaucer.'] MaY'-FLY, n. [.add.] Tiie Sialis lutaria, a neuropterous insect, produced during the spring-months in large numbers. It is of a dull brown, and may be found on walls or palings near water. Tlie Ephemera vulgata, another neuropter- ous insect, is also sometimes so called. MAY-H.VP, adv. Peradventure ; it may happen. [Scotch ] MAY'HEM, n. In laic, the deprivation of a member proper for defence in fight. [See M.tnt] JI.\\'''OR, n. [add.] Mayors of corpora - iions are justices of the peace pro tem- pore, and continue such for a year after going out of ottice. MAY- QUEEN, « A young fem.ale crowned with flowers, as queen at the celebration of May-day, MAZED_,t M>. Amazed. [Scotch.] ME.AD'OW, n. [add.] Land unplough- ed, green with natural grass, variegated with flowers, somewhat moist, and an- nually mown for hay. — In America, the word is applied particularly to the low ground on the banks of rivers, consist- ing of a rich mould or an alluvial soil, whether grass-land, pasture, tillage, or woodland; but the word in America does not necessarily imply wet land. The word is also applied to other low or flat lands, particularly lands appro- priated to the culture of grass. MEADOW-CLOVER, n. A plant, the Trifolium medium, which grows in dry pastures and thickets. MEAD 0W-€ROWFOOT,)i. A plant, the Ranunculus bulhosus, called also butter-cups. i?. acris is called itpriijht meadou'-croirfoot. MEAD OWER, ». One who waters meadow-lands to increase or preserve their verdure. JIEAD OW FOX-TAIL, n. A plant, the Alopecunis pratcnsis. MEAD OW-OERANIUM, n. A plant, the Geranium pratense ; called also meadow crane s bill. MEADOW-PINK, ». A plant, the Dianlhus armeria. MEAL-xMONGER, n. One who deals in^meal. MEAL'-MOTH. 11. .4 lepidopterous in- sect, the Pijralis farinalis, the larvtv of which infest meal. MEAL'-RENT, n. A rent paid in meal. M£AL'-WO!!M, n. A grub found in meal, and in the refuse of bakehouses. These grubs are the larv.ne of beetles, the Tenebrio molitor and T. obscurus. ME.\L'Y-BUG, h. a species of Coccus (C adunidum), covered with a white powdery substance. It is often found ou the trunks of vines and other hot- house plants. 256 MEAN, a. [add.] Mean sun, in astr., an imaginary sun, supposed to describe the equator witli an equable motion, in the same period in which the real su 1 appears to describe the ecliptic with an unequable motion. The time in which an imaginary sun so moving in the equator, would perform one of its ap- parent diurnal revolutions, is called a mean solar da'j, and true or mean time, is that which would be indicated by an imaginary sun moving as above sup- posed, and mean moon, the time in which such a sun would be on the meridian. True or mean time is also indicated by a time-keeper, regulated to go twenty-four hours in a mean solar day, and mean noon, the instant when such a time-keeper indicates twelve o'clock. [See D.tv.] — Mean moon, an imaginary moon, supposed to move with an equable motion in the equator or ecliptic, as required, and in the same period as that in which the real moon performs a revolution in her orbit with an unequable motion. — Kalendar moon, another fictitious moon employed for regulating the finding of Easter. This moon is generally a day or more distant from the mean moon. — Mean anomalij of a planet, its angu- lar distance from the aphelion or peri- helion, supposing the planet to revolve in a circle with its mean velocity. — Mean conjunction or opposition, the mean place of the sun, when in con- junction with, or opposition to the mean place of the moon in the ecHptic. MEAN, n. [add.] In music, a tenor or intermediate part. [5A«A.] MEAN, 1 V. i. or t. To make lamenta- .MENE, ) tion; to moan; to bemoan. [Scotch.] ^I E A N , ) n. Moan ; lamentation. :>IENE, ( [Scotch.] ME.^X'DER, «. In ornaments, a pecu- liar undulating or zigzag pattern, in which the bricks of a building used sometimes to be arranged ; also, a de- corative border met with on dresses and vases. MEANE.t n. for MiF.N. [.S^jewei-.] MEANE LICHE.t a. [Sax.] Moderate. [Chaucer.] MEANING, ppr. [add] As an «<<;., significant; as, a meaning look. MEANINGLY, nrfii. Significantly; in- tendingly. ME.-VXS, n. plur. Resources or in- come; instrument for gaining an enti. [See Mean.] — In Shahspeare, tenors, intermediate voices; as, means and basses. MEANTIME. ) .9pf under the noun MEANWHILE. | Me.^n. ME.\R,t «. .\ boundarv. [5ce Mere.] ME.\R,t V. t. See Mere. MEAK, . A mare. [.Scotc/i.] MEAK,) MEER, Vn. MEIR. ) :\IEARE,t ••. '. See Mere. ME.\KE,t n. [See Mere.) A limit or boundarv. [.S;>eH5er.] .M E .\ R S ' M .\ N, ) n. One who points MERES'M.\N, J out boundaries. [Obs. or local.] M E A'SLE.t V. t. To infect with measles. MEA'SLEDNESS, n. State of being measly. MEAS'URE, n. [add.] Measures, grave dances. [.S/iaA.J MECONOPSIS MEDLING MEGASTOMA MEAS'URE, r. t. (mezh'ur.) [add.] To equal in dimension. An ell and tliri-e quarters will not meustire her from hip to hip. Ska/c MEAS'URED, pp. nr a. [.tdd.] Limited or restricted ; as, iii no measured terms. MEAS'UUER, ) n. An officer in the MET'ER, ) city of London, who measured woollen cloths, coals, &c. [.See Alnageb.] MEAS'URING, ;)pr. or a. [add.] Used in Aieasuring; as, a measuring rod or line. — Measuring-money, a duty which some persons exacted, by letters-patent, for every piece of cloth made, besides alnage. It is now abolished. MEAT'-FLY, n. .ifiy which deposits its eggs on meat; the name is particularly given to the Musca vomitoria, a blue- bodied species, which abounds in the summer. MEB'LES,t n. p!. [Fr. meubles.} Mov- able goods. [Chaucer.] MEeHAN'I€, \a. [add.] Noting MEt'HAN'It'AL, ( action or perform- ance, without design or reflection, from the mere force of habit. — Mechanical solution of a problem, a solution by any art or contrivance not strictly geometrical, as by means of other in- struments than the ruler and compasses. In pure geometry, the constructions are required to be effected by means of straight lines and circles only ; but the ancient geometers soon discovered that there were many problems, sitch as the duplication of the cul)e and the trisec- tion of an angle, which required the aid of other instruments, and such so- lutions were distinguished from the strictly geometrical ones by the term mechanical. — Mechanical theory, in med., that system by which all diseases were attributed principally to lentor, or morbid viscidity of the blood ; and hence, such medicines were employed as were supposed to promote mechani- cal force ; thus, mercury was supposed to act by its specific gravity. ME€H AN'ieS, 7!. [add.] The science of motion and its causes, it consists thus of two parts ; the first takes account of the motions produced independently of the causes, and the other is concerned with the causes of motion. The for- mer is denominated hinematics, and the latter, which treats of the motions in relation to the forces producing them, forms that branch of the subject to which the term mechanics strictly ap- plies. — national mechanics, that branch of mechanics which treats of the theory of motion. MECHAN'ieS' INSTITUTE, instead of MECHANICS' INSTITUTE. MECH'ANISM, n. [add.l This term is employed to denote the parts collec- tively of a machine considered as go- verning the relations of motion. It is accordingly said that the mechanism is good or bad when the machine is well or ill contrived. The term is also used to designate a machine composed of several moving parts. A clock is thus called a piece of mechanism. MEGH'ANIZE, v. t. To subject to con- trivance, art, or skill ; to form by con- trivance or design ; to form mechani- cally. MEtH'ANiZED, pp. Made by art, design, or skill. ME€H'ANIZING, ppr. Forming by art or skill. ME€HANOGRAPiri€, a. Treating of mechanics. \Rar. ?/*.] MECONOP'SIS, n. A genus of plants, belonging to the nat. order Papavera- cese, and formerly referred to the genus Papaver. One species, the M. cam- bric(P, or Welsh poppy, is a native of Great Britain, but of rare occurrence. It is an ornamental plant, with yellow fugacious flowers. MED'ALLET, n. A small medal, not intended for general circulation. MEDALLIST,?:, [add.] One who has gained a medal, as the reward of merit. MED DLE, V. i. [add.] To mingle. {Sliak.\ MEDE,f n. Meed; reward. [Chaucer.] lMEDE,t n. A meadow. [Chaucer.] MEDE.-f ) n. [G. meth.] Mead; a fer- METHE,t> mented liqttor. [See METH,t ) Meap.] [Chaucer.] ME'DIA, n. phir. See Medium. MEDIAE VAL, n. One belonging to the middle ages. MEDIALS, II. In Grer!: grammar, a name given to the three letters, /3 y. o (b, g, d). as being intermediate in sound between the smooth letters t. x. t (p, h. t). and the aspirates o s; ,;''', c/i, th). ME'DIAN, a. [L. medianus.] Situated in the middle; an epithet applied by anatomists to parts, from their situation between other parts. The median line is a vertical line, supposed to divide the body longitudinally into two equal parts. ME'DIATE, a. [adj.] Effected by the intervention of a medium ; as, the mediate perception of the agreement or disagreement between two ideas. [Loche. 1 ME'DIATJZE, V t. To annex a small state, governed by a sovereign prince, to a larger one, yet allowing the ruler of the sinall state to retain his princely rank, rights, and privileges. [See Mii- PIATISATION.] MEDI ATO'RIALLY, adi\ In the man- ner of a mediator. ME'DIATRESS, or MiiDIA'TRESS. ME'DIATRIX, or MEDIATRIX. MEDIGA'GO, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Leguminosa;. The species, which are numerous, are herbs or shrubs, with trifoliate leaves, many-flowered peduncles, and curiously -curved or spi- rally-twisted fruits. M. sativa, lucerne, is found wild in England and Scotland, and is conmionly cultivated in the fields of Europe. M. lupulina, black medick or black nonsuch, grows in meadows, pastures, and waste grounds, and affords excellent fodder for sheep. 3f. arbo- rea, tree-medick, is a villous shrubby plant, a native of the south of Europe. MED'IGAL JURISPRUDENCE, v. See Medical in Diet., and Forensic MiiDiciNE in this Supp. MEDl'NO, n. In Egypt, the fortieth part of a piastre; a para. [See Medin.] ME'DIOCRE, n. One of middling qua- lity, talents, or merit; a mediocrist. MEDITATIVELY, adv. With medi- tation. MED'ITATIVENESS, n. Quality of being meditative ; state of being medi- MEDITUL'LIUxM, n. [L. medius.] The cellular tissue of the bones of the skull ; synonymous ^ith diploe. -MEDLE.t f. t. or i. [See Meddle.^To mix. [Chaucer.] MED LED,+ pp. (.5ec JIedle, Mell.] Mixed ; mingled. [Spe7iser.] MED'LEE,t "• [See Medlet.] Of a mixed stuff or colour; as, a ntedlee coat. [Chaucer. | MED'LING,t W"'. Mixing; mingling; rSi'en^cr.l 257 MEDOC, n. An excellent red French wine. MEDUL'LA, n. [add.] Medulla oblon- gata, the upper enlarged portion of the spinal cord. — Medulla spinalis, the spi- nal marrow or cord. MEDU'SA'S-IIEAD, n. X name some- times applied to those species of star- fish which have the rays very much branched, as in the genus Euryale. — ■ In bot., the plant Euphorbia capui- medusw. MEDU'SID.E, n. The sea-nettles, a family of acalephans. MEED, n. [add.] Merit or desert. [Shah.] MEEK-SPIRITED, a. Il.aving a meek spirit; gentle. [Psalms.] MEERE,t a. [See Mere.] Absolute; entire. [Spenser ] MEET, a. [add.) Meet icith, even with. [Shah.] MEET, n. A meeting of huntsmen for coursing. MEET'EN, V. I. To make meet or fit; to prepare. MEETING, n. [add.] In England, a conventicle ; an assembly of Dissenters, — In the United States, an assembly for public worship generally. MEETING-HOUSE.n. [addj In Eng- land, a house of public worship for Dis- senters, as distinguished from a church. MEGACHI'LE, n. [Gr. fuy,,. great, and X''^<''> a lip. j A genus of bees, popu- larly called leaf-cutters, from their habit of cutting off pieces of the leaves of tlie rose, elm, and other trees, and using them in the construction of their nests. One species, M. willu'jhbiella, is called the willow-bee, because it fre- quently constructs its cells in willow- trees ; the males have generally dilated tarsi. There are many exotic species of this genus. MEGALON'YX, instead of MEGAL'- ONYX. MEGALOP'SYCHY, n. [Gr.;iii,.«t, and •4.r;s;ii, the soul.] Magnanimity; greatness ot soul. [Rai-e.] MEGALOP'TERANS, n. [Gr. ,.!y«, and TT-;««, a wing.] A family of neurop- terous insects, characterized by their large wings horizontally folded. MEGALO'TIS, n. [Gr. ;/!>■«.-, and «k, inT!),-, an ear.] The fennec, a genus of African mammalia, characterized by the large size of their ears. They belong to the digitigrade carnivora, and are closely allied to the dog. MEGAPO'DIUS, n. A genus of raso- rial birds, with large feet. The jungle- fowl, or M. tumulus of Gould, is a large bird of Australia, of singular habits, so called from erecting considerable mounds, instead of nests, for incuba- tion. These megapodian mounds are very abundant in the islands about JunBle-r^wI, Hvgufjoaua tuynuluK Endeavour Strait and round Cape York, as well as on the neighbouring main- land. MEGASTOMA,n.[Gr.^i>^«; great, and ««/*. a mouth.] A genus of birds, be- MELICERIS MELOE iMEMORIA TECHMCA Icnging to the Tyraiiuiuae, or tyrant- shrikes. — Also, a genus of univalve sliells, with n l.irge aperture. MEGATH'EROIDS. v. A family of ex- tinct manimiferous quadrupeds, includ- ing the megatherium. MEG DOKTS, n. Saucy Meg; a saucy wench. [Scotch.l MEG LIP, n. A colour for painting in imitation of oak. MEIBO'MIAN, a. In aitaf., noting the small glands lying under the inner membrane of the eyelids, first described by Meibomius. MEIK'LE, ) (/. Much; great; ]arge;big; MIK'LE, I pre-eminent. [Scotch. } MEI'NIE.t ) n. [.See Many.] Uoiisehold MEY'NE,t ) attendants ; an army. [Chaucer.] MEINT,f pp. of Menge or Minge. Mixed; mingled. [Chaucer.] MEITHS, \n. Maggots; eggs of the MEATHS, ) blow - tly upon meat. [Scotch.] MEITHS, \n. Marks; signs; landmarks MEETHS, [ or boundaries. WEKEjf rt. Meek ; humble. [Chancer.] MEKE,t V. i. To become meek. [Chau- cer.] MELANDRT'ID.T:, n. [Or. m^?*;, black, and Sj-jc, an oak, or other tree resembling it.j A family of coleopterous insects, belonging to the section Hete- romera, specially distingaished by the large size of the three terminal joints of the maxillary palpi. These insects chiefly reside beneath the bark of trees. One species {M. caraboides) is found in this country. MELA'NIA, n. A genus of fluTiatile, testaceous molluscs. The name is de- \ rived from the black colour of the , species. MELANOCH ROITE, n. [Or. .«^a«,-, | black, and x?"*, colour.] A native cm'o- | mate of leaU. MELANOP'SIS, n. A genus of fresh- water, testaceous, turbinated molluscs. MELANOSIS, instead of MELAN- OS'IS. MELANOTAN"NI€ ACTD,n. A black substance ifxi>.x{, black), obtained by the action of exccas of potash upon tannic or gallic acid. MELANOT'X€,a. Relating to melano- sis. ME'LAS, 71. [Or.] An endemial disease of Arabia, characterized by dark or black spots on the skin. MELASO'M.V, H. A very extensive group of heteromerous coleoptera, so called from the black colour of the species. It contains three large fa- milies, Pimeliidie, Blapsidce, and Tene- brionidie. MELAS'TOMA, n. A genus of plants, the type of tlie nat. order Melasto- niaceie. The species are shrubs, usually covered with harsh hairs; the flowers are large, white, rose-coloured, or purple. The leaves of M. mnlabathrictan, an East Indian species, are used by the natives where it grows, as a remedy in diarrhoea, dysentery, and mucous dis- charges. MEL'DER, n. The quantity of meal ground at one time. [Scotch.] MELES,t n. plur. Meals; dinners, &c. [Cl^ancer.] MELE'-TIDE,t H. Dinner-time. [Chau- cer.] MEL'ie, a. [Gr. pLiXtxot.] Relating to song; lyric. MEL'ICA, «. A genus of grasses. [See Melick.] MELICE KIS, n. [Gr. f^iu, honey, and *iijaf, wax.] An encysted tumour, the contents of which resemble wax or honey in consistence. MELIL O TUS, n. A n extensive genus of hcrbaceousplants, differing from trifoli- um by having racemose flowers ; nat. order Leguminosa?; suborder Papilio- naceip. [See JIelilot.] ME LIORATER, n. One who melio- rates. MELIPH'AOA, n. The honey-eaters, a genus of tenuu'ostral birds, tlie type Uouey-eatcr, ,tfe?i^i(ipa earuncuXata. of the family Meliphagidae. The spe- cies abound in Australia, and livechiefly on the juices and nectar of flowers. MELISSA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Labiatte. AH the species are known by the name of balms. M. offi- cinalis, common balm, is a British spe- cies. It is frequently used in infusion, under the name of balm-tea, as a com- mon drink in fevers. MELITvE'A, n. A genus of butterflies, belonging to the family Nymphalidse, and distinguished by their antennae, which have a wide Hat club. There are several British species known by the name of fritillaries. MELL, 71. A maul or wooden mallet. [Scotch.] MELL, V. i. To intermeddle; to be in a state of intimacy ; to join in battle. — As a verb active^ to mix ; to interpose. [Scotch.] MELLAVO'SA, n. The Bergamot or- ange. Citrus hergamia. [See Berga- MOT.] MELLE,! »■• i. [See Mell.] To mix ; to meddle. [ Chattcer.] MELLE,forMiLLE, or Mill. [0(a?/ccr.] MEL'LIC, a. See JIellitic. MELLIE'ERA, 71. A very extensive group of aculeated hymenoptera, com- prising the various species of bees, which may be considered as the types of the order which is so named, from the honey-collecting habits of the various species. MELLIF'LUENTLY, )*7rf«. Smoothly; MELLIF'LOUSLY, f flowingly. MELLI'GO,n.[L.] Honey-dew,— ic/iicA see. MELLIL'OQUENT, a. [L. j/h-I, meUis, honey, and loquor, to speak.] Speaking sweetly. [Rar. us.] MELL'ING.t;/i)r.5reddling. f5/.fH*er.] MEL'ODiZED,i>;j. Rendered harmoni- ous. MEL'ODiZING, i»;.r. Rendering har- monious. MELODRAM'ATIST, «. One who is versed in melodramas, or who prepares them. MEL'ODY, n. [add.) The particular air or tune of a musical piece. ME'LOE, n. The May-beetle, or oil- beetle, a genus of coleopterous insects, 268 belonging to the family Canthaiida?. It consists of those apterous species which have tlie body large and dis- tended, with the elytra short, oval, and lapping over each other at the base of the suture. "When alarmed these in- sects emit from the joints of the legs an oily yellowish liquor, whence they have obtaiPiCd the name of oil-beetles. In some parts of Spain they are used in- stead of the blister-fly, or are mixed with it. The preparatory states of the different species are not yet quite clearly ascertained; a curious little parasite found on bees is believed to be one of them. MELOLON'THA, w. A genus of la- mellicorn beetles, of which the common cock-chaffer, Mehlontha vulgaris, is an example. The grub of this species lives for two or three years, and is often very destructive. MELOLON'THID.E, MELOLON'- THIDANS, instead of MELON'- THIDiE, MELON'THIDANS, and Melolontha, instead of MelorUha. MELOPCE lA, n. (melope-ya.) [Gr. ,u£j.6T^i.as.] The ait of melody. MELPf)ArENE, n. [Gr. the name of one of tlie muses. | A small planet or asteroid, revolving tjetween the orbits of Mars and Jupite^, discovered June 24, 1S52, bv Professor Hind. MEL'TITH. w. A meal. [Scotch.] MELUSINE', 11. [Fr.] In the medieval vvjthology of Fraiice a beautiful nymph or fairy. MEL' VIE, V. t. To soil with meal. [Scotch.] MELY'RIS, n. A genus of coleopterous insects, belonging to the section Penta- mera, and constituting the family Me- lyrid* in the system of Latreille. These insects are ordinarily found upon flowers ; they are generally of small size, and very gaily coloured, ilost of the species are natives of Africa. MEMBRA'CIDA:,h. The tree-hoppers, a family of homopterous insects, which possess the faculty of leaping, some of them to the distance of five or six feet. Some of them are found on the limbs of trees, and others on the stems of plants. This is an extensive family of insects, of the most bizarre forms. They abound in South America. MEM BRANE, n. [add.] hivesHtig mem- brane, the first layer of cells which as- sumes a distinctly membranous form upon tiie surface of the cicutricula of the ovum. It was formerly called the serous layer of the germinal membrane. MEMBRANIF'EROUS, a. Having or producing membranes. MEMBR ANOL'OGY, n. fL. mcmbiana, and Gr. Acya,-, discourse.] The science of the membranes. [Bar. «*.] MEM'KON, w. [Gr. ?Iv-t.»...] A cele- brated Egyptian staiue, supposed to have the property of emitting a harp- like sound at sunrise. MEM OIR, 71. [add.] Pronounced mem'- war; sometimes written Memoir', and pronounced memoir'. MEM OlRIST, or MEMOIRIST. MEM'ORABLENESS, n. Quality of being memorable. MEMOKAN'DLM-BOOK. n. A book in which matters are recorded to assist tlie memory. MEJIO RIAL, 71 [add.] In hue, that which contains the particulars of a deed, &c., and is the instrument registered, as in the case of an annuity, which must be registered. JIEMO'RIA TE€H'KI€A, 7i. [h.] MENOPOME MERCHETA MERIiE Literalli/^ technical memory ; artificial memory; a method of assisting the memory by certain contrivances ; mne- monics, — which see. MEM'ORIE,t "■ [See Memort.] Re- membrance. — To be dravm to memorie, to be recorded. [Chaucer.] MEMORIE,t V. I. To remember. [Chaucer.] MEM'OKIES.t II. pl'ir. [See Memory.] Actj or ceremonies in remembrance of ; obsequies. [»!?/}cnse?'.] MEMOR'ITER, adv. [L] From mem- ory; by heart. MEM'URY, H. [add.] Time of memorti, in law, the time of the conmiencement of legal memory, which, according to ancient sLutute, was the first year of Richard I. Hence, in pi-escriptions regarding tithes, rents, and services, it is essential that the usage of the thing claimed slionld have been, time out of mind, continuous and peaceable ; that is, there must be no evidence of non- usage, or of interruption, inconsistent with the claim, and of a date subsequent to the first year of Richard I. MEN', V. t. or 1. To mend. [Scotch.] MENAtJH'ANlTE, instead of MEN'- ACHANITE. MENAtJE', n. (meniizh'), instead of MEN'AGE. MENACi'ERIE, n. fmenazh'-e-re.) MEN AG'ERY, u. Same as Menagerie. MEND'IANTS.t n. phtr. fFr.] Men- dicants; begging friars. [Chaucer.] MENDiyA'TION, n. The act of beg- ging. MEN'DOSE, a. [L. mendax, counter- feit.] False ; spurious. MENDS, n. Amends; atonement; re- venge. [Sco(c/<.] MENEjf V. t. To mean ; to intend. [Chaucer.] MENEjf n. [Fr. moyen] A mean or instrument. — Menes, {piur.) Means. [Chaucer.] MENE,t a. Middle. [Chaucer.] MEN(iji,f II. t. [See Minoe.] To mi.\; to mingle. [Spenser.] MENHA'DEN, n. [add.] A salt-water fish {Alosa menhaden). It belongs to the herring tribe, and abounds on the shores of New England, and is much used for manure. MENIAL, n. [add ] A person of a ser- vile character or disposition. MENING'EAL, a. Relating to the meninges. MENINGITIS, n. Inflammation of the membranes of the brain {ineninges), and spinal marrow. MENISPERM'UM, n. A genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Men- ispermaceae. As at present constituted, it contains but few species, and these are clinibing shrubs; but it formerly contained tiie Calumba plant, now called Cocculits palmatiis, the Cocculus indicits, now called .4namir/a Cocculus, and many others. MEN'KAR, n. A star of the second magnitude, in the head of the southern constellation Cetus; also called aCetus. MEN'NONITES, \n. [add.] Tliis sect MEN'NONISTS, | holds several lead- ing doctrines in common with the Ana- baptists. MENOLOtS'IUJI, n. [h.] Same as Menology, — which see. MEN'Oi'OME, ) n. [Gr.fii.;>• Meted ; limited. [Shah.] MERE'LY, adv. [add.] Entirely; abso- lutely. [Shah.] MERE RIGHT, n. In law, the right of property. MEUES'MAN. ^cMearsman. MERE'STONE.t ri. A stone to mark a boundary. MER'GUS, n. [add.] Mergus mergaiu-er, is the goosander or merganser, which weighs about four pounds. Tlie Mer- gus seroator is the bufi'-breasted goos • ander. These birds are met with in great flocks at Newfoundland, Hud- son's Bay, &c. The Mergus cuciillatus is the hooded goosander, peculiar to North America. MER'ICARP, n. [Gr. /us;.,-, a part, and ««;t«, fruit.] In hot., a name some- times given to a half of the fruit of umbelliferous plants. The fruits, or what are commonly termed seeds in these plants, consist each of two meri- carps, placed face to face, and separat- ing from a central axis. MER'IJIENT,t «■ Merriment; mirth. ( Spenser. | MERIO ' N ES, n. A genus of North Ame- rican rodent mammals. M. canadensis is the Canadian juuiping-mouse, re- markable for its extreme agility. MER'ITORIE,t a. [Fr.J Meritorious. [Chaucer.] MERITORIOUS, a. [add.] Prostitute; hireling. [From L. meritoriits.] [U. Johnson.] MERKE,t n A mark; an image.— ^/? the merke of Adam, all the images of Adam; all mankind. [Chaucer.] MESNE METACENTRE METE MERKE,t a. [See MuiUvV, Mibk.] Dark. [CJtaucer.'] MER'KINS,t n. Lidies' false hair; ap- plied to a peculiar way in which it was worn in the reign of Charles T. MER LION,t w. A merlin; a species of hawk. [Chaucer.^ MER MAIDS'-UEADS, n. A common British sea-egt?, the Spatanyus cordatus, is often so called. MER'MAN, n. The male of the fabled mermaid. ME'ROCELE, n. [add.] [Gr. ^r;of, the thigh, and xr.x^. tumour.] IMEROP'IDANS, \n. A fomily of in- IMEROP'ID^l^, J sessorial birds, of which the bee-eater (Merops) is the type. MEROKGANIZA'TION.n. [Gr.jttc^of, and organization.] Organization in part, or partial organization. IMER'RY, n. The wild red cherry. MER'RY, a. [add.] Sarcastical; lavish of ridicule. [Atlerbitri/.] MER'RY-MAKE,t v. A festival; a, meeting for mirth. MERRY-MAKE, v. i. To feast; to be jovfnl. MER'RY'-MAKING, v. A convivial en- tertainment; a merry bout or festival. MEKSATO'KES,??. The term given by some naturalists to that group of swim- ming birds which contains the gannets, gulls, and terns, and so called from their plunging into the sea from being on the wing. MEKU'L1DANS,\ n. A family of den- MERU'LID.E, j tirostral perching birds, of which the thrush (Merulal is the type. The term TurdidiC is gene- rally given to this familv. MERVAILLE',t ji. [Fr!] A wonder; a marvel. [Chaucer.] MER'Yjf a. Merry; pleasant. [Chan- cer.] MESE,f n. Sre i\Iesse in this SujU'- ME'SEL.t n. [Fr.] A leper. \ChatHer.] ME'SELKIE.f 7^ Leprosy. [Chaucer. \ MESEMBRYAN'TIIEMUM, «. Fig- marigold, a genus of plants, rat. order Mesembryacea?. The species are very numerous, most of them natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Many are con- spicuous for the beauty of their tlowers, which expand in sunshine, and close up in gloomy weather. [See JIesembrya- (■K.E.] MESENTERI'TIS, n. InHammation of the mesentery. MES'I AL, fit. [Gr. f^w,;. middle.] Mesial linCy in anat.y same a^ Median Line, — which see in this Supp. MES'lTE, n. [Gr. f.,^.f, middle.] A volatile, ethereal liquia, found in py- roxylic spirit, isomeric with acetone. It is supposed to be composed of oxide of methvie and oxide of acetyle. MES'lTEiNE, H. A volatile liquid yield- ed by xylite, when distilled with sul- phuric acid. It is similar to mesite. MESTTYLE, n. Same as Mesitulp.. MESI'TYLENE, for MESI'TYLINE. MESMER'ICAL, a. Same as Mes- meric. MES'ftfERlST, );. One who practises or believes in mesmerism. MESMERIZA'TION. «. The act of mesmerizing. MESNAL'ITY', n. [See Mesne.] A manor held under a superior lord. MESNAL'TY^ n. The right of the mesne. MESNE, a. (meen.) [add.] Action of mesne profits, an action of trespass, which is brought to recover profits derived from land, whilst the possession of it has been improperly withheld ; that is, the yearly value of the premises. It is brought after a judgment for the plaintiff in an action of ejectment which recovered possession of the land. MES'O. [iir. ft^rflf.] A prefix from the Greek, signifying middle, or mediate, or that which is situated between others. MESOC.E CUM, w. [Gr. ^!t»,-. and L. ctscum.] That part of the peritoneum which embraces the CfEcum and its ap- pendages. MESOGAS'TRIUM, H. [Gr. ^-rrr, and ytarxf, the belly.] The umbilical region (ji the abdomen. MESOLEU'COS, instead of MESO- LEUCYS MESOREC'TUM, n. [Gr. /<£«>-. and L. rectum.] That part of the peritone- um which connects the rectum with the front of the sacrum. MESS, n. [add.] A number of persons who eat together at the same table ; a company ; a crew ; a mass ; a set. — J/ess-dech, in the navj/, the deck on which a ship's crew mess. — 3Iess-hid, in ships, a wooden dish in which the crew's victuals are held when cooked. MESS, n. A mass. [Scotch.] MES'SAGEjf n. A messenger. [Chan- cer.] MES'SAN, \n. A little dog; a country MES'SIN, f cur. [Scotch.] MESSE,t n. [Fr. 1 The service of the mass. [Chaucei:] MES'SENGER, w. [add.] Besid-?^ the inessenfters employed under the direc- tion of the secretaries of state, there are other ofiicers distinguished by this appellation, as the inessenacr of the lord- chancellor, privj'-council, or excliequer, &c. There are also messengers of the commissioners in bankruptcy, who seize a bankrupt's property, &c. MESSl'AD, 7i. The modern epic poem of Germany, written by Klopstock, re- lating to the sutferings and triumphs of the i\Iessiah. MESSIAN'IC, a. Relating to the Mes- siah. MES'SIEURS, n. [Fr. plur. of Mon- sieur or ATr.] (mess'yerz.) [add.] Used in English as the plural of Mr. MES'SRS. An abbreviation of Mes- sieurs. UES'VE,fa superl. [fiax.mo'st; Scotch, maist.\ Most. [Chaucer.] JiESTEE', n. In the West Indies, the offspring of a white and a quadroon ; written also Mustee. MESTEQUE', n. The finest kinds of the cochineal insect are so called in Mexico. MESTI'ZO, \n, [Sp.] In Spanish Ame- MESTrNO, S rica, the offspring of a Spaniard or Creole, and an American Indian. MES'URABLE,ta. [Fr. .See JIeasur- ABLE.] Moderate. [Chancer.] MES'URE.t n. [Fr.J Moderation. [Chaucer.] MET, n. [See Metc] A measure of any kind; a bushel; a barrel. [Scotch, and p7'ovincial in £injiand.] METAB'OLA, n. [add.] A term ap- plied to those genera of insects which imdergo metamorphosis. METACEN'TRE, n. [add.] That point in a Hoating body in which, when the body is disturbed from the position of equilibrium, the vertical line, passing through the centre of buoyancy, meets the line which, when the body is at rest, passes through the centre of buoy- ancy and the centre of gravity. In order that the body may float with 260 stability, the position of the metacentre must be above tliat of the centre of gravitv. METAGAL'LATE, n. A salt formed from metagallic acid and a base. METAGEN'ESIS, n. [Gr. ^it*. beyond, and genesis, from yiyvou.ti, tu produce.] Tiie changes of form winch t)ie repre- sentative of a species undergoes in passing from the eye to the perfect or complete state. METAL'LIC BEPOSITS, n. In geoi, metallic matters with which the sub- stance of rocks is frequently permeated, in the form of grains, filaments, nodules, plates, or veins, and strata or beds. METAL'Lie PAPER, 7i. Paper, the surface of which is washed over with a solution of whiting, lime, and size. "Writing done with a pewter pencil upon paper prepared in this manner is almost indelible. METALLIC TRACTORS, n. Small rods, of different metals, supposed to be crticacious in the cure of certain dis- eases when drawn over the affected part. The operation was introduced by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Norwich, Con- necticut, United States, and was called Tracfatiop. This mode of treating disease has also been called Perhinism. MET'ALLING, /?. A term applied to the covering of roads generally, and to the filling in material above, below, and between tlie several stone-blocks and sleepers upon railways, il'c. METO^LLOID, a. Relating to metal- loids; like metal; having the form or appearance of a metal. METALLUR'GIC, a. instead of MET'ALLURGIC. METALLURGICAL,*?. Same as Mc- TALLURGIC. METAMER I€, a. [Gr. ^.r*. andfiu^-,:, a part.] A term applied to c«jmpouti..a, in which the ultimate elements are the same as in other well-known combina- tions, but whieh may be considered to present different arrangements. METAMOKPH'ISM, h. In geol.. the state or quality of being metamorphic. METAMUKPHlZE,».f. To transform; to metamorphose. METAMORPH USE, n. A transforma- tion ; metamorphosis. METAMORPH OsIC. a. Changing the form ; transforming. METAMORPirOSlS, «. [add.] A term employed by Liebigto denote that che- mical action by whichagiven compound is caused, by the presence of a peculiar substance, to resolve itself into two or more compounds; as sugar, by the pre- sence of yeast, into alcohol and cai'bo- nic acid. MET'APIIORIST, or METAPH'O- RIST. MET.VPinS'ICO-THEOLOO ICAL, a. Eutbracing metaphysics and the- ology. METAPH'YSIS, n. [Gr. ^Er«,and ^ha grows in the Sandwich Islands, and is said to be tlie plant from which are made the clubs and other weapons used in warfare by the South Sea Islanders. JIETROX'YLON, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Palmacese. M. sagus, of Rot- boll, is the sago-plant. [See Sago. J METTE.t ) prel. of Mete. Dreamed. MET.t ) [Cliaiim:] ME'UM ET TU'UiM. [L.l Mine and thine ; words used in law for the pro- per guides of right. MEV'ABLE.t a. Movable. [Chaucer.'] MEVE.t I', t. To move. MEWE,t ». [See Mew] In mewe, in secret. [Chaucer.] ME\yES,t n. pirn: [5eeMEW.] Prisons. [Spenser.] MEW'ET.t a. [Fr. muet.] Mute.— 7n metvet, dumbly ; speaking inwardly. [Chaucer.] MEWS, n. plur. The royal stables in London, so called because built where the king's hawks were once mewed or confined. [See Mew.] MEX'I€AN, n. A native of Mexico. — As an adjective, relating to Mexico. MEYNT,t Pfi. of Menge. [See Mixge.] Mingled. [Spenser.] MEZZO. Pron. med'zo. M EZ'ZOTINT,»^.Same as Mezzotinto. MEZZOTINT'ER, n. One who prac- tises mezzotinto engraving. MI. (me.) The third note in the musical scale, between re and fa. MIA'N A-BUG, n. A species of tick (Ar- gas persictts), said to be very poisonous. It is found at Miana, in Persia, and is reported to attack strangers visiting that place. MIAR'OTRITE, n. A sulphur salt ob- tained from red silver. MI'ASCITE, n. A columnar variety of bitter-spar intermixed with asbestos, from Miaska in Siberia. MIASMAT'I€AL, a. Same as Mias- matic. MIAS'MATIST,?!. One versed in mias- mata. MICA'CEOUS, a. [add.] Micaceous rochs, rocks of which mica is the chief ingredient, as mica-slate and clay-slate. — Micaceous schist, mica-slate, — which see. MICH, 11. i. See MiCHE. [Spenser.] MICK'LE, a. See Meikle in this Supp. MI€RO€OS'MIC, a. Pertaining to the microcosm. — Microcosmic salt, of soda, ammonia, and phosphoric acid, origi- nally obtained from urine. It is much employed as a Hux in experiments with the blow-pipe. MI'CRODON, 11. [Gr. ^,)!;a.-, small, and ■iioK,', a tooth.] A genus of extinct fishes, belonging to the pycnodont or thick- toothed family, in the system of Agassiz. MieROM'ETER, n. [add.] Besides the wire-micrometer, there are various other kinds, as the circidar or annular micrometer, the divided object-glass mi- crometer, the prism-micrometer, tfcc. — Micrometer-screw. [See Screw.] MieROPHON'IfS, 71. The science of augmenting small sounds. MI'€ROS€OPE, n. [add.] Oxyhydro- gen microscope. [See under O.] Lucernal microscope. [See under L in this Supp.] MreilOSeOPE, v. t. To examine with a microscope. [Bare.] Mr€ROS€OPlST, ii. One versed in I microscopy. MieROStOP'IUM.ii.TheMicroscope, a modern southern constellation, situ- ated above Grus and Indus, at the junc- tion of Capricornus and Sagittarius. It contains ten stars. 261 jrieROZOA'RIA, n. [Gr. a.,;,^.,, and 'iu», small animals.) The name given by De Blainville to the infusory animal- cules of the earlier writers. They are distinguished into the Heteropoda and Apoda. MID, II. Middle ; midst ; as, the mid of heaven. [Rar. us.] MID- AIR, 11. The middle of the sk.v. MI'DAS, n. A subgenus of South Ame- rican monkeys, of a small size, called Ouistitis. The common name for the species of this subgenus is Tamarin. MI'DAS'S-EAR, n. In zool., a species of Auricula, the A. midce. MID'DEN-€ROW, n. A name given, in some parts of England, to the common crow. MIDDLE-DECK, n. The deck below the upper or main deck, in a first-rate ship-of-war. JIID DLE-EPOCH, «. In geol.,a.n epoch characterized by the presence of the new red sandstone. MID'DLE-MAN, ii. .\n agent between two parties ; a man wiio has the dispo- sal or sale of goods, or of renting of lands or estates. — In Ireland, middle- men are such as take land of the pro- prietors in large tracts, and then rent it out in small portions to the peasantry, at a greatly enhanced price. MID'DLE-SIZED, a. Being of middle or average size. MID-EARTH, n. The middle of the earth. MID -GALLEY, n. The middle of a ship. MID'CjES, n. Gnats; Scottish mosqui- toe5. [Scotch.] MIDG'ET, n. The Canadian name for the sand-tly. MIDST, prep. Poetically used for amidst. MID'WIFISH, a. Relating to mid- wifery. MIEVE,t "• t. To move ; to agitate. [Spenser.] MIFF, V. t. To give a slight offence ; to displease. [Colloquial.] MIF'FED, pp. or a. Slightly offended; displeased. [Colloiuial.] MIGHT,t ?'!'. of Mai/. [Chaucer.] MIGHT'EN.t pret. plur. of May. [Chaucer.] MIGHT'NA. Might not. [Scotch.] MI'GRANT, u. Changing place; migra- tory. MIIvA'NI A, H. A genus of plants, nearly allied to Eupatorium, nat. order Com- pos'.ta;. M. o.ificinatis is a native of Brazil. Its leaves contain a bitter principle, and an aromatic oil, and are used in the same way and for the same diseases as the cascarilla and cinchona barks. M. guaeo, guaco-plant, is used in South America, both internally and extern.any, as a remedy against the bites of poisonous serpents. M. opifera is used forthe same purpose. MIL.VNESE', II., ti/ii;. and j)(hi-. A native or natives of Milan. MIL'DEW-.MORTIFICATION, n. A gangrenous disease, supposed to arise from the use of grain vitiated by blight or mildew. MILE, 11. [add.] Geographical mile, the sixtieth part of a degree of latitude, or 0079 feet nearly.— A'aKd'ca/ mile, a mi- nute of a great circle of the sphere. Its length is the same as that of the geo- graphical mile. MlLE'AGE, n. [add.] In law, travelling expenses, which are allowed to wit- nesses, sherift's, and bailiffs, according to certain scales of fees, settled by the MILLING MINIARDTZE MINT raastere of the several courts of law and equity. aULE'-POST, n. A post set up to mark the miles. MILE'SIAN, H. From Miletus, a city of ancient Greece. The citizens were called Mifesians ; hence the term ap- plied to the Irish, who are said, by cer- tain historians, to be descended from the Milesians. MILIA'IilA, n. [L. milium, a millet- seed.] Miliary fever, a disease attended by an ernption resembling millet-seed. MIL'ITAUY GOURTS, n. The court of chivalry, and cnurts-niartial. MIL'ITAKY FKUDS, H. The original feuds, which were in the hands of mili- tary men. who performed military duty for their tenures. MIL'ITAKY OFFENCES, ». Matters which are cognizable by the courts- martial. MIL'ITARY STATE, n. The soldiery of the kingdom. MlL'ITARYTESTAMENT,7!.Anun- cupative will, by which a soldier may dispose of his goods, wages, and other personal cliattels, without tlie forms and solemnities which the law requires in other cases. MILI"TIA-MAN, n. One who belongs to the militia. MILK'-ABSCESS, v. A tumour seated in the breast, arising from a redundancy of milk after child-birth. MILK'-QUAKTZ,) ?i. A subspecies of ROSE-QUARTZ, | r h o m b o i d a 1 quartz, of a milk-white or rose-red colour. It occurs in Bavaria, in beds of quartz in granite. MILK'-SICKNESS, u. A malignant spasmodicdiseaseof the western United States, which affects both man and beast. In cattle, it is supposed to arise from something eaten or drunken by them : and in man, from using the meat or dairy products of infected cattle. MILK'-TEETH,/?. The fust set of teeth in children. MlLK'-TREF01L,n. A plant, the d/- tisus laburunm. MILK'-WARM, a. Warm as milk in its natural state, or as it comes from the breast nr udder. MILR'-WOOD, 11. A tree, the Brosi- mum spurium, common in woods in the West Indies. MILK'Y JUICES, n. Certain vegetable juices, so named from their white co- lour, rather than from their properties. These juices are cliaracteristic of seve- ral tribes of vegetables, especially of the ArtocarpejE, Apocynaceie, and Eu- phorbiaceai. MILL, V. t. [add.] In cant Ian., to beat severely with the fists, as if in a fulling- mill; to fight. MILL, ) . „ , MULL i "■ snuff-box. [Scotch.] MIL'LED, pp. [add.] In ca7if hin., soundly beaten with the fists. MII/LEGRAM. See Milligram. MILLEN lANlSM, \n. Millenarian- MILLEN'IARISM, f \^m,—xchich see. MIL'LEPEDE,H. [add.] The millepedes are myriapoda, of the family Julidje. MlLL'-liAND,?i. A workman employed in a mill. MILL-HOLMS, n. Low meadows and other fields in the vicinity of mills, or watery places about mill-dams. MILLIGRAMME,/!. [Fr.J 5cc Milli- gram. MILLIMETRE, instead of MIL- LIMETRE. MIL'LING, n. [add.] In cuininrj, the operation of making raised impressions on the edges of coin, which is effected by machinery ; also, the impressions thusmadc. — in caw/ ^/n., a beating with the fists, -AIILL'REA, ) n. [add.] A gold coin of IMILL'REA, i Portugal, commonly es- timated at 5s. sterling. The small millrea, of 1775, was worth only 3^. 2d. sterling. MILL'-WHEEL, n. A wheel used in a mill; a water-wheel. MILNE'-STONES,t «■ Vl^ir. Mill- stones. \Chaurer.\ JIILOKD', H. Sometimes used for mu lordy especially by foreigners. MII/SE Y, ji. A sieve for straining milk. [Local.] MILTON'IG, a. Relating to Milton, or his poetry. MIL'VUS, 71. The kite, a genus of fal- cons. [See Kite.] MIM, o. Prudish: prim; demure; pre- cise; affectedly modest; quiet; mute. [Scotch.] MIM'ETENR, m. The mineral arseniate of lead. MIMIC, n. [add.] An actor. [Shak.] MIM'IG-BEETLES, 7i. Coleopterous insects, of the family Histerida;, so named from their feigning death when disturbed. MIM'-MOUED, (/. Reserved in dis- course, implying the idea of affectation of modesty; affectedly moderate at the table. [Scotch.] MIMO'SA, 71. A genus of plants. [See MiMOSE.;E, and Sensitivic Plant.] MPNA, 11 The Indian graple (Eulabes reli'jtosa), a common Indian blackbird with wattles on the head. ]\IINCED'-€OL'LOPS,«. Minced beef. [Scotch.] MIND, V. i. [add.] To recollect; to re- member ; to take care of. [ Vulgar.] To heed ; to notice with uneasiness or em- barassment; as, they went on with their work, without minditig the strange gentleman who had just entered. MIND, V i. To remember; to design; to intend. [Scotch.] MlNDE,t n. [See Mind.] Remem- brance. [C'haitce7\] MINE, V. i. [add.] To penetrate. [Chancer.] MIN'EON.f n. [Fr. mi{fnon.] A minion; ayvanton. —Mincing mfneon, an affected wanton. [ Spe7iser. ] MIN'ERAL,H. [add.] Amine. [Shah.] MIN'ERAL ACIDS, ?j. A name given to the sulphuric, nitric, and hydro- chloric acids. MIN'ERAL KINGDOM, n. That grand division of natural objects which includes n)ineral3 or inorganic bodies, and of which mineralogy is the science. MINERALOGIG, a. Same as Miner- ALOGICAL. MINERAL'06IST, n. [add.] Shells of the genus Phorus are often so called, from the pieces of stone of various kinds wdiich are attached to the shells. MIN'ERAL SALTS, n. Salts found native, being formed of mineral acids and bases. MIN'ERAL SOLUTION, n. Arsenical liquor, or liquor potasscc arsenitis. MIN"GLE-MAN"GLE,t «• A medley; a hotch-potch. MIN"GLINGLY, adv. Unitingly. MIN'IARD, a. [add.] Treated or es- teemed as a minion ; having the man- ners or appearances of a minion. MIN'IARDiZE, V. f. [add.] To fondle ! or wanton with; to treat with wanton- ' ness or effeminacy. MIN'IARDiZED, pp. instead of MI- NIARDiZED. MIN'IATURE, a. Representing nature, or objects on a small scale; diminutive. MIN'IATURE, H. [add.] In miniature, upon a small scale ; as, a portrait in miniainre. MIN'IBUS, n. [See Omnidus.] A light sort of vehicle or carriage to accommo- date four persons, drawn by one horse, and used for conveying persons short distances, as in a city, or from a city to its environs. MlN'IME,t n. [See Minim.] A little song. [Spenser.] MIN'IMENT, \ 71. In law, the evi- MUN'IMENT,f dences or writings whereby a man is enabled to defend the title of his estate. It includes all manner of evidences. [5ee Muniment.] MIN'IMENTS,! n. [From L. minitnum^ Tovs ; trifles. | Spenser.] MIN'ING COMPANY, h. A joint-stock association for carrying on mining ope- rations. MIN'XON, a. [add.] Small; delicate. Ml N'ISHT,t VP- Minished ; diminished. [Spenser.] MIN'ISTRALLES,t) "• ?*^»''- Min- MIN'ISTERS,t ) strels. [Chau- cer.] MIN'ISTRATIVE, a. Affording ser- vice ; assisting. MIN'ISTRES,t H. idur. [Fr.] Oflicers of justice. [Chaucer.] MIN'ISTRYSHIP, «. [add.] The office of a prime-minister. [5(tw7?,] MINIVER, n. The Siberian squirrel, wliich has fine ^vhite fur; also, the fur itself. MIN'NIE, n. An infantine word for mamma. [Scotch.] Ml'NOR, «. [add.] Minor hey, m music, is that key or arrangement of tones and semitones which is adapted to solemn and mournful subjects. It is distin- guished from the major liey, by having a minor third instead of a major third. — Minor term, in hijic, the subject of the conclusion of a categorical syllo- gism.— il/ewor j>remiss, tliat which con- tains tlie minor term. MI'NORESS, H. A female under age. MINORESSE,t «. A nun under the rule of St. Clare. [Chaucer.] MINOS, n. [Gr. M-ia.;.] In classical myth., a celebrated lawgiver, the son of Jupiter and Europa, and king of Crete. He was so celebrated for his justice on earth, tluit after his death lie was ap- pointed a judge of the infernal regions. His grandson, of the same name, was also king of Crete, and according to fable, his wife, Pasipha*, by her unnat- ural lust, gave birth to the Minotaur. The name is also, with the association of jEacus and Rhadamanthus, applied to critics. MTN'OTAUR, n. [add.] The son of Pasiphtr, wife of Minos, by a bull. He is fabled to have had the body of a man, with the head of a bull, and to have fed on human flesh, on whicli account Minos shut him up in the labyrinth of Da'da- lus, and at first exposed to him crimi- nals, but afterwards the youths and maidens yearly sent from Athens as a tribute. In the Diet, the name is de- I'ived from man, and Latin, taurus, a bull; but it is much more likely to liave been formed from Jilinos, the king above-mentioned, and tau/-us. MiN'OUR,t 11. A miner. [Chaucc/:] MIN'STRALCIE,t »• [Fr.] Music; musical instruments. [Chaucer.] MINT, 71. [add.] A pretended place of MISACCEPTATION MISCONSTER MISINTELLIGENCE privilege in Southwai'l!, near tlie Queen's prison, wliere persons sliel- tered themselves from justice, under the pretext that this place was an an- cient palace of t!ie crown. It is now abolished. MINT, V. i. To aim; to taUe aim; to attempt; to endeavom*; to insinuate; to hint. \ Scotch.] MINT'-JULEP, n. A dram made of brandy, or other spirit, sugar, and iced water, with an infusion of mint. [Ame- rican.] MINT'-SIARK, 71. A privy mark, which the masters and worI«.v, wonderful.] A singular star of the tiiird magnitude, in the neck of Cetus. It appears and dis- appears periodically seven times in si.v years. MIKAB'lLAKY,t «• A writer or rela- ter of wonders. MIRAB'ILIS, )!. A genus of plants, nat. order Nyctaginacea;. M. jalapa is the marvel of Peru. [See Makvki,.] MI'RA€H, 71. A star of the second magnitude, in the constellation Andro- meda. Also called /3 Andromeda. MIR'A€LE, 77. [add.] To a miracle, wonderfully; admirably; as, he did his part to a miracle. MIRA€'ULIZE,t v. I. To represent as a miracle. MIRAGE, 77. (me-riizhe'.) MIRK, a. [add.] Pit mirk (pick mirk), dark as pitch. [&o?c/(.] MIRIiE.t a. [See Mirk.] Dark; ob- scure. [Spenser.] MIRKE'SOJIE,t a. Darksome. [S/7e7i- ser.] MIRK'Y, a. Smiling; merry. [Scotch.] WIR'LIGOES, 77. Dizziness; megrims in the head. [Scotch.] MIR'ROK, i>. t. To reflect as in a mir- ror; to represent or e.vhibit by means of a mirror. MIRRORED,ij;). or a. Reflected as in a mirror. MIRRORING, ppr. Reflecting as in a mirror. M[RKOUR,t 77. A looking-glass. [Cftaucer.] MIRTHE LESS,t a. Without miith. [Chaucer.] MIS,t V. i. [See Miss.] To fail; to err. [Spenser.] MIS,t adv. Ill; amiss. [See Mis,preji.v.] [Chaucer.] MIS,f 77. A wrong. [Chaucer.] MIS. An initial syllable of various words, from the Gr. fAiaw, to hate ; lience misanthrope, a hater of mankind. \IlSAeCEPTA'TION, 77. Act of tak- ing or understanding in a wrong sense. 11.— Supp. MISAe€OMP'TED,t I'P. Mis- reckoned^ [Chaucer.] MISADVISE', I'. (. Togivebad advice to. MISAFFEGT', ». t. To dislike. MISAFFIRM', i;. (. To affirm incor- rectly. MISAiLEOE', V. t. To state errone- ously ; to cite falsely as a proof or ar- gument. MISALLIED', a. Ill-associated. MISAPPRE'CIATED, a. Not well appreciated ; improperly appreciated. MISAPPROPRIA'TION, 77. Wrong appropriation. MISAURANGE'MENT,t «• Wrong or disordei'ly arrangement. MISAVEN'TURE.t «■ Misfortune. I Chaucer.] MISAVISE',t V. t. To advise wrongly. [Chaucer.] MISBEAR',t) w. 7'. To misbehave. MISBERE',t ) [Chaucer.] MISBEDE',-|- V. t. [Sax. misbeodan. See Bid.] To wrong by word or deed. [Chaucer.] MISBEFIT'TING, a. Not befitting. MISBESEEM', v. i. To suit ill. MISBOD'EN,t pp. of Misbede. In- jured. [Chaucer.] MISBOIlNE'.t jyp. of Mishear. Mis- behaved. [Chaucer.] MISGA', V. t. To miscal ; to abuse and call names; to reprove. [Scotclt.] MISGAR'RIAGE, 77. [add.] This term is usually restricted by medical wTiters to the expulsion of the fetus from the uterus within six weeks after concep- tion. If the expulsion takes place be- tween six weeks and six months after conception, it is called abortion; and if it takes place after the six months, when the fetus may live, it is called premature labour. The terms miscar- riage and abortion are, however, often used synonymously. MISGAR'Ry, I', t. [add.] To expel the embryo or fetus from the uterus within six weeks after conception. MISCARRY, I). /. [add.] To fail of ar- riving at the proper place of destination; as, the letters have miscarried ; to be brought forth before the proper time, as a child. [Shah.] MISCARRYING, ppr. or a. [add.] Bringing forth within six weeks after conception. MISGaST', v. t. To cast or reckon er- roneously. MISGAST', 77. .\n erroneous cast or reckoning. 1\1ISCEE', 77. An Indian dentrifice which produces a black jet upon the teetli, but destroys the tartar and hardens the gums, without injuring the enamel. Its ingredients are not known. MISGELL'AN 1ST, n. A writer of mis- cellanies ; a miscellanarian. MIS'CHEFE,t n. Misfortune. [Chau- cer.] MIS'GHIEF, 71. [add.] An executor of mischief. [Dryden.] MISCHIEVE', r>. t. To hurt; to do a mischief to. [Scotch.] MISGHRIS'TEN, r. t. To christen wrong. MISCITA'TION, 77. A wrong citation ; erroneous quotation. MISGITE', V. t. To cite erroneously or falsely. MISGOGN'IZANT, a. (misconizant.) Ignorant of; unacquainted with. MISCONCEIVED, pp. [add.] Enter- taining wrong notions or false o|>inions ; as, a misconceived person. [Sitah.] MISCONSTER, i'. t. To misconstrue. [Shah.] 26.'S MISeONSTRUCT', v. t. To construct or interpret wrong ; to misconstrue. MISCOV'ETING,t i>;.r. Coveting wrongfully. [Chaucer.] MISCREATE', a. Spurious; as, titles miscreate. [Shah.] MISDEPARTE',t "■ '■ To part or dis- tribute wrongly. [Cliaucer.] MISDESCRIBE', 77. t. To describe falsely. MISDIRECTION, 77. A wrong direc- tion. MISDOUBT', +77. Suspicion of crime or danger; irresolution; hesitation. MISDOUBT',t V. t. and i. To suspect of deceit or danger. MISDOUBT'FUL,! a. Misgiving. MISDREAD'.t ■?!. Dread of evil. MJtSE, 71. [add.] Disbursement ; tlie issue ill a writ of right. MISE'-MONEY, 11. In law, money paid by way of contract or composition, to purchase any liberty, &c. MISEN'TERED, i>p. Entered wrong, as an account. MrSER, 77. In well-sinking, &c., an iron cylinder attached to the lower end of the boring-rod, sometimes three feet in diameter, in which the earthy matters are collected, or misered-up, in the pro- cess of sinking. Tlie bottom is conical, with a valved opening, through which the earth can pass upwards. MISER'ICORDE,t 71. [Fr.] Mercy; pity^ [Chaucer.] MISESE',f 71. Misease; uneasiness. [Chaucer.] MISEXPOUND', ». /. To expound er- roneously. MISFAL', instead of MISFALL'. MISFAL'LEN.w.Happenedunluckily. MISFEA'SANT, ) , , MISFEA'ZANT; I "• '" '"'"' '^ "-espass. MISFEA'SOR, ) . , MISFEA'ZOR,) "■ -'^ trespasser. MISFEA'ZANCE, 17. SfcMlSFEASANCE. MISFORMA'TION, 77. An irregularity of formation ; malformation. MISFOR'TUNATE, a. [add.] Unfor- tunate. [Obsolete.] MISFORYAVE',! pret. of Misforyeve. Misgave. [Chaucer.] MISFORYEVE',+ v. t. To misgive. [Chaucer.] MISG1E',+ ti. (. To misguide. [Chau- cer.] JIISGIED',t pp. of Misgie. Misguided. [Chaucer.] MISGO',f 1'. i. To go wrong. [Chaucer.] MISGON'.t 1 Pi>. of Misgo. Gone MISGO,t J wrong. [C/ia77Ccr.] MISGOT'TEN, a. Unjustly obtained. MISGROWTH , H. A wrong growth. MISGUG'GLE, ) v. I. To mangle and MISGOG'GLE, J- disfigure; to sijoil; MISGRUG'LE, ) to rumple; to han- dle roughly. [Scotch.] MISGUG'GLED, ;;/). Mangled and dis- figured; rumpled; disordered. [Scotch.] MISIIANT'ER, ( 71. Misfortune; dis- MISCIIANT'ER, ) aster; an unlucky chance. [Scotch.] MISHAP'PING,+ Pi>r. Falling amiss. [Chaucer.] MISHE.\R', t'. t. To mistake in hearing. MISHEARD', pp. Heard mistakenly or imperfectly. MISINFER', 17. (. To draw a wrong in- ference. MISINSTRUeT',7i.f.Toinstructamiss, MISINSTRUC'TED, pp. Instructed amiss. MISINSTRUC'TION, 71. Wrong in- struction. MISINTEL'LKiENCE, 77. Wrong in- formation. 8 E MISREPRESESTATIVE MISTRETH MIX MISJOIN'DER, ». In lair, a joining of parties in a suit or action wlio ouglit not to have been so joined. MISKEN'XING.t II. \Vrongful citation. MISKIN'DLE, V. I. To kindle amiss; to inflame to a bad purpose. MISLEARD', a. Unmannerly; mischie- vous ; ill-taught. [Scotch.] MISLEDE',t I'- '• To mislead; to con- duct amiss. [Chaucer.] MISLIKE', V. i. To entertain dislike or disapprobation. MISLIKE', n. Dislike ; disapprobation ; aversion. MISLIK'ER, n. One that dislikes. MISLIK'ING, ppr. Disliking; disap- proving. MISLIP'PEX, f. t. To disappoint ; to deceive ; to neglect anything put under one's charge. [Scotch.] MISLIV'ED,f pp. Having lived to a bad purpose. [Chaucer.] MISllARCa', V. i. To march ill or wronsr. MISMARK'ED, pp. Wrongly marked. MISMATCH', V. t. To match unsuit- ably. MISM.VTCH'ED, pp. Unsuitably matched: ill-joined. MISM.A.TCH'ING,p/;r. Matching in an unsuitable manner. MISME.\S'URE, I', t. To measure in- correctly. MISMET'RE.t 1'. t. To spoil the metre of verses, by writing or reading them ill. [Chaucer.] MISXO'.MER, n. [add.] In real and mixed actions at common-law, a mis- nomer is a ground for abatement ; but in personal actions, no plea in abate- ment for a misnomer is allowed. JDs- nomers in proceedings are now fre- quently amended by the court, provided the other parties have neither been i misled nor prejudiced bv them. | MISOGAMY, n. [Gr. i^,,u,. to hate, and i ya:M>;, marriage.] Hatred of marriage. MISOPIN"ION,t "• Erroneous opinion. MISORDER,+ V. t. To order ill ; to i manage erroneously ; to conduct badly. ! MISOR'DER,t n. Irregularity; disor- derly proceedings. [We noio use Dis- order.] MISOR'DERLT, a. Irregular; disor- derlv. MISORDIN.i'TIOX, n. Wrong ordina- tion. MISPERCEPTION,n. Wrong percep- tion. MISPL.\CE-MEXT, h. The act of put- ting in the i\Tong place. MISPLEAD'IXG, ppr. Making a mis- take in pleading. MISPLEADING, n. A. mistake in pleading. MISPOINT', i\ t. To point improperly; to err in punctuation. MISPOINTED,i)p. Pointed wrong. MISPOL'ICY, H. Wrong policy; impo- licy. MISPRAG'TICE, n. Wrong practice. MISPRISION, n. (misprizh'on.) [add.] Misprision of felony, the mere conceal- ment of felonv. MISPROUD',t a. Viciously proud. MISRECEIVE', t'. t. To receive erro- neouslv. MISRECIT'AL, n. An inaccurate re- cital. MISREeOLLEG'TION, n. Erroneous recollection. MISREMEM'BER, v. i. To mistake in what one endeavours to remember; to err by failure of memorv. [Loche.] MISREPRESENT' ATn-E, a. Repre- senting wrongly. MISREP0TE', V. t. To have in wrong estimation. MISRULE',)!, [add.] Lord of misrule. [See Lord in this Supp.] MISRU'LY, «. L^nruly; ungovernable; turbulent. MISS, n. [add.] With respect to the use of this title, when two or more persons of the same name are spoken of or ad- dressed, there is a good deal of diver- sity. Some give the plural to the name, as, the Miss Smiths ; others to the title, as, the Misses Smith. In conversation, the former prevails ; but in written and printed composition, usage is divided ; and in addressing letters, the latter is the more common. MISS, V. t. [add.] To miss stay.t, in nautical Ian. [See Siiv.] MISSATE',t pret. of Misset. Misbe- came. [Chaucer.] MISS.A.YD',+ pp. of Missav. Said or spoken wrong, or erroneously. — "She brought forth speeches mUd when she would have m[5A-fly(/,*' that is, she uttered mild speeches when she would have spoken otherwise, or the contrary. [Spenser.] MISSaYDE',+ pp. of Missaye. lU spoken of. [Chaucer.] MISSAY"ER,f n. An evil - speaker. [Chaucer.] MISSE,t 1-. i. To fail. [C7ia«ccr.] MIS'SELTO, n. A plant. [See MiSLE- TOE.] MISSEMET'RE,+ v. t. See Mismetre in this Supp. [Chaucer.] MISSEND', V. t. To send amiss, or in- correctly. MISSENT'. pret. and pp. of Missend. MISSET',t >'. i. To place or set wrongly, unfitly, or unsuitably. MISSET', pp. Disordered; put out of sorts; out of humour. \ Scotch.] MIS'SHAPE', n. A bad or incorrect form. MISSHAP'ENLY, adv. In a misshapen way. MISSH.\P ENNESS, h. The state of being badlv shaped. MISSHEATUED.t «■ Sheathed by mistake. MIS'SINGLY.arff. With omission ; not constantly. [5A«A.] MISSPOIvE', I ]ip. Uttered or spoken MISSPOKEN, ) amiss. MISSTAY', v. i. In nautical Ian., to fail of going about from one tack to another. MISST A Y'ED, a. Not brought up in the direction of the wind, so as to be on the other tack, as a ship. MISSTREAT MENT, n. Ill-treatment; maltreatment. MISSTRI'AL, n. In law, a false or er- roneous trial. MISSUMM.\ TION, n. A wrong sum- mation. MISSWEAR', r. ;. To swear falselv. M I S S W E A R ' I N G, ppr. Swearing falsely. MISSWORN', a. Pei^ured. MISTAKE', n. [add.] In laic, a negligent error in any deed, record, process, &c. MIST.VlvE', V. 1. [add.] To take a wrong part ; to transgress. [Chaucer.] MIST.\K'EN, a. Erroneous ; incorrect ; as, a mistaken notion. MIST'ER, n. Need ; necessity :anything necessary ; kind ; species. — Mister- icight, a child of necessity ; a doubtful character. [5co/cA.] MIS'TER,t V. t. or i. To need; to have occasion for ; to skill. MIS'TERE.t n. See Mister. [Chaucer.] MISTIHEDE,t n. [Sax.] Darkness. MISTRETH,t third pers. sing, of 2(^4 ilister. It signifies not ; it needs not ; as, it mistreth not to tell. [Spenser.] MISTRIST', i: t. for Mistrust. [CAok- crr.] MISTRYST', V. t. To break an engage- ment ; to disappoint ; to bring into trouble or confusion by disappointing; to deceive; to use ill. [Scotch.] MISTU RA, n. [L. from misceo, to mixj A mixture. MISUSER, n. (misyCiz'er.) One who misuses.— -In law, abuse of any liberty or benefit w'hich works a forfeiture of it. MISVOUCH', r. t. To vouch falsely. MISWAlE',f n. A WTong way. [Chau- cer.] MISWENDE',t V. i. [See Miswesd.] [Chaucer.] MISWENT'.t pp. of Misicend. Gone amiss^ gone astray. [Chaucer, Spenser.] MISYOK'ED, pp. Improperly yoked. MIS Y'OK'ING,/>/>r. Yoking improperly. MI'T.\, n. [Sp.] A conscription, or a division made by drawing lots, among the Indians, for any public service; a tribute paid by the Indians to their caziques. MITAINE.t n. [Fr.] A mitten ; a glove [Chaucer.] MITCHE,t n. [Fr. miche.] A manchet; a loaf of fine bread. [Chaucer.] MITCH'ELL, n. Purbeck stone from fifteen to twenty-four inches square, and hewn, used in building. MITEL'LA, n. [add] A genus of North American plants, nat. order Saxifra- gaceie. The species are herbaceous plants «nth white flowers, and are well adapted for the front of flower-borders, or to grow on rock-work. MITH'ER, n. Mother. [Scotch.] MIT IGATORY', a. Tending to miti- gate ; softening. MI TR.An. The mitres, a genus of mol- lusca, inhabiting a small and pretty tur- reted shell. The shells exhibit a great variety of patterns, and they are varie- gated with every Ivind of hue. They abound in the seas of hot climates. MI TR.iL, a. Pertaining to a mitre; re- sembling a mitre ; as, the mitral valves of the left ventricle of the heart. MUTRE-DRAINS, \n. The CROSS MI TRE-DR.ilNS, ( drains laid within the metalling of roads, to convev the water to the side-drains. MI'TKE-JOINT, n. In arch. [See Mitre, and Joint] MITRE-MUSHROOM, ». A fungace- ous plant, of the genus Helvella (//. mitra, Linn.), so named from the shape of the pileus. It grows in woods, and is a delicate article of food. MI TRE-SHELLS, «. A genus of mol- lusca. [See Mitra in this Supp.] MITRI'N^E, n. .A. subfamily of the Volutida?, comprehending the mitre- shells. MIT'TEN, n. [add.] To get the mitten, to be jilted by a lady, or discarded by her as a suitor. [.American.] MIT TENS, n. Worsted gloves without fingers, worn by the lower orders. [Scotch.] MITTS, ji. plur. Mittens ; particularly, a covering for the hand or arm only, and not for the fingers. MIX, r. 1. [add.] To mingle; to join; as, MODELLING MOEHRINGIA MOLECULE the Greeks and Trojans mixed in mor- tal fight. MIX' ABLE, fl. Capable of being mixed ; miscible. MIXED, pp. or a. [add.] J\Ti red actions, in law. [See Action.] Mixed actions are now abolished, except the action of ejectment. — Mixed government, a form of monarchical government, which com- bines monarchy, aristocracy, and demo- cracy, as the British constitution. — Misted laics, those which concern both person and property. — Mixed questions, questions which arise from the conflict of foreign and domestic laws. — Mixed subjects of property^ such as fall within the definition of things real, but which, nevertheless, are attended with some of the legal qualities of things personal, as emblements, fixtures, shares in un- dertakings connected with land. There are also other sultjects, which, though things personal in point of definition, .are, in respect of some of their legal qualities, in the nature of things real ; as charters and deeds, court-rolls, an- cient family-pictures, tombstones, &c. MIZ'ZLES, n. Measles. [Scotch.] MIZ'ZLING, ppr. or n. Falling in very fine drops; as, mizzHng rain. MNE'MOTECHNY, n. (ne'motekny.) [Gr. fjLw.uoiv^ and te;^^'' ] Same as Mne- monics. MO,+ adv, for More. [Chaucer.'] MO,t for Me, [Chaucer.'] MOATE,f V. i. To dung as birds; to mute. MOB'LED, ;)p. or «. Muffled; covered with a coarse or careless head-dress. [Shak.] MOB'LES, w. In law, a corruption of movables. MOB'-STORY, n. A vulgar story or tale. MOCCASIN. See Moccason. MOCHA'DO,tn. [Fr. mocAe, floss-silk.] A manufacture of silk, sometimes called \ mock-velvet, much used in the iGth and ]7th cenj;uries. MOCH'ELjf) rt. [5ccMicKLE,MucH.] MOCHEjf 3 Great in quantity, in number, or in degree. MOeH'EL,t )orfu. Much; greatly. MOCHE,t ; [Chaucer.] MOCKES,t7i.33/«r. [^eeMocK.] Spor- tive insults; contemptuous gibes or jeers. — Mockes and moices, derisive in- sults by distortions of the countenance, or by making mouths. [S2ienser.] MOCK-HEROIC, a. Burlesquing an epic poem. MOCK'ING-BIRD, n. [add.] This bird forms the type of the genus Mimus, and belongs to a difierent family to the genus Turdus. MO'CO, 7?. A South American rodent quadruped of the genus Kerodon, allied to the guinea-pig. MODE, 7(. [add.] Mode, in modem mu- sical Ian., signifies the same as key, but is rarely used in that sense in this coun- try. MOD'EL, V. t. or i. In the Jine arts, to make a pattern, from which some work is to be executed ; also, to form a work of some plastic material ; as, to model in wax. MOD'ELLING, v. [add.] In the ^hc ar/5, the making of a model from which a work of art is to be executed, as a statue, &c. Also, the formation of a work of art from some plastic material, as, the modclliwj of a countenance in wax. Sculptors usually employ pot- ter's clay in the formation of tlieir models. MOD^ER,t)». [Sax.] Mother; the MOD'RE,f ) matrix, or principal plate of the astrolabe. [Chaiicer.] MOD'ERATE, i-. (. [add.] To preside over, decide, direct, or regulate, as a moderator. MODERA'TRIX, n. A woman who moderates or governs. MODERN EPOCH, n. In geol, the present period, which comprehends all those deposits which owe their origin to causes now in action. It has also reference to the phenomena that are taking place at the surface of the earth. MODERNIZA'TION, ji. Act of mo- dernizing. MOD'IFICATE, r. (. To qualify. [Rar. us.] MODIL'LON, n. [Fr.] Same as Mo- DILLION. MOD'IOLAR, a. [L. modius, tihushe].] Shaped like a bushel measure. MODI'OLUS, n. [L. dimin. of modius, a measure.] In anat., the bony pillar in the centre of the cochlea, encircled by the lamina spirales. MO'DIST, n. A follower of the mode or fashion. MOD'IUS, n. [L.] A Roman measure used chiefly for the measurement of corn. It is frequently rendered bushel, but seems to have been only about an English peck. It contained .sixteen MO'DOET FORMA. [L.] In manner and form; a phrase frequently used in law pleadings. MOD'ULUS OF ELASTICITY, n. In physics, the modulus of elasticity of any substance, is a column of that substance of such weight, that any addition to it would increase it as much as the weight added would shorten (by its pressure) a column of the substance of equal dia- meter. Thus, if a rod of iron, 1 inch square, and 100 inches long, were com- pressed 1 inch by a weight of 220,000 lbs., the weight of the modulus of elas- ticity would be 220,000 X 99 lbs., which is to 22,000,000 lbs. in the same ratio as 99 inches to 100 inches; and the lieight of the modulus would be 0,933,333 feet, reckoning a cubic inch of the iron at iJ lbs. The height of the modulus is, of course, the same, whatever its breadth and thickness may be; for at- mospheric air it is about five miles; for steel about 1600 miles. MO'DUS, n. [add. J The modus deci- mandi is a particular manner of tithing, arising from immemorial usage, differ- ing from the payment of one-tenth of the annual increase. It is sometimes a pecuniary compensation ; as a certain sum of money annually for every acre of land, in lieu of tithes. In other cases, a smaller quantity of produce is given, and the residue made up in la- bour. In short, any means whereby the general law of tithing is altered, and a new method of taking tithes in- troduced, is called a modus decimandi, or special manner of tithing. MOE,f 77. A distorted mouth. — Also, as a verb, to make mouths. [See Mow.] MoE,t adv. More. MOEHRIN'OIA, H. [From Moehring, a German physician.] A genus of plants, nat. order Caryophyllaceje, of which some species only differ from Arenaria, by having an inconspicuous appendage to the coat of the seed. The species are well suited for ornamenting rock-work, or to be grown in pots. M. tri?iervis, usually called Arenaria tri- nervis, is a native of Britain. 205 MOEN'CHIA, 71. A genus of plants, nat. order Caryophyllaceae. M. erecta is a British species. It is a small her- baceous plant, growing in dry, gravelly, and sandy places. M(E'SO-GOTH'ie, a. Relating to the MiesO'Goths, a branch of the Goths, who settled in Moesia. The Bible was translated into their language by Ul- philas. MOG'GANS, 71. plur. Long sleeves for women's arms, wrought like stockings; hose without feet. [Scotch.] MO'HA, 77. A plant, German millet (Se- iaria germanica). MOHAM'MEDANISM, n. Same as MOHAMMEDISM. MOHAM'MEDANIZE, v. t. Same as MOHAMMEDIZE. MOHUR'RUM, u. An annual Mahom- etan festival, celebrated in memory of Hossein and Houssein, sons of Ali, and nephews of the Prophet. It is cele- brated with gi'eat pomp and splendour by the Sheah sect in Hindostan. MOI'ETY, 7/. [add.] A portion; a small portion ; a share. [Shah.] MOIS'ON,t 7J. [Fr.] Growth; harvest. [Chaucer,] MOIST,f \n. [L. musteus, new.] MOIST'Y,t f New; fresh. [Chaucer.] MOIST'-STAR,n. The moon. [Shak.] MOIST'UTRELESS, a. Without mois- ture. MOKA'DOR,t n. A bib; a handker- chief. MO'KAH, n. The title of a doctor of laws in Turkey. MOK'EL,t 7i. [See Mochel in this Supp.] Size ; magnitude ; stature. [Chaucer.] MO'LAR, n. instead of MOL'AR. MOLA'RES, 71. plur. [L.] The double or grinding teeth. [See 5Iolar.] MO LAR GLANDS, 7i. Two salivary glands situated on each side of the mouth, between the masseter and buL-- cinator muscles. MOLD,t n. for MOLE. A spot; a mark. [Spenser.] MOLD'-WARP. See Mould-Warp. MOLE'-BUT, n. Fish of the genus Or- thagoriscus. MOLE'-CRICKET, n. [add.] The Gryl- lotalpa vuli/aris, which derives its name from the pe- culiar simi- larity of its anterior ex- tremities, and from the re- semblance in its habits to those of the mole. It is about an inch and a half long, and of a brown co- lour. In burrows, it cuts through or detaches all the roots of plants which it encounters, and commits great devastation in gar- dens. A larger species than ours is found in South America. MOLECULAR ATTRACTION, n. That species of attraction which oper- ates upon the molecules or particles of a body, as distinguished from the at- traction uf gravitation. Cohesion and chemical aflinity are instances of mole- cular attraction. MOLECULE, instead of MOLEC- ULE, 77. [add.] Active molecules, minute moving particles, found in all vegetable MOMENTUM MONKEY MONOGASnA matter, when rubbed in pieces, and ex- amined under a powerful microscope. MOLE-RAT, n. A genus of rodents (Spalax), whicli live in tlie earth, and burrow in it like a mole. To it belon,^s the Spalax iijphlus, in which there is only the traces of eves. MOLEST lE.t n. [Fr.] Trouble; mo- lestation. [Chaucer.\ MOLE'-TREE, n. A plant, caper-spurge {Euphorbia lathvris). MOLi:\HXOUS, a. [add.] Made with great efforts or endeavours ; as, molim- i7iow.y attempts. [WoUastonI] MOLIN'IA, n. A genus of grasses. M. ccerulea, sometimes called Enodium ccerutetim, or Melica candea^ is a British species, growing on wet heaths in al- pine situations. MO LIXISM, n. The doctrines of the Molinists, somewhat resembling the tenets of the Armenians. [5ee MoLis- IST.] MOL LIENTLY, adv. Assuagingly. MOLLI'TIES, n. [L. from mollis, soft.] Softness ; softening ; as, moUities cerebri, softening of the brain ; moUities ossium, softening of the bones. MOLLUSC, ) « t .. , ' " '^ — -f the mol- vhich see. MOLLUSCA, instead of MOL'LUS'- €A. MOLLUS'€AN, ) a. instead of MOL'- MOLLUS'€OUS,) LUS€AN,MOL'- LUSCOUS. MOLLUS€.\NS, instead of MOL'- LUSCANS. MOLLUS €U.M, n. [L. mollU; soft.] A wen ; a movable tumour, containing an atheromatous or encysted matter. MO'LOGH, 71. A genus of lizards found in Australia, about King George's Sound. M. korridus, moloch-lizard, in its external appearance, is one of the MOLLUSC, ) „ , MOL'LUSK i "i One of MOLLUS'€.\N,) l"S'^a-«A Moloch-lizara, Moloch tiorrlJAis- most ferocious of reptiles, the horns on the head and the numerous spines on the body giring it a most formidable appearance. Its name is given to it from part of a line in Milton, " Moloch, horrid king." UOLTE,fpret. and pp. of .Veft. Melted. [Chaucer.] MOL YB DATE, n. A compound of molybdic acid, with a base. MOLYB'DEMTE,n. Sulphuret of mo- lybden. MOLYBDIC, la. Same as Moltb'- MOLYBDOUS, f denous. MO'MENT,n. [add.] In meek., the mo- ment of force with respect to a point, is the product formed by multiplying this force into the perpendicular let fall from the given point in the direction of the force. Hence the condition of equilibrium of the lever consists in this, that the moments of the power and re- sistance, taken relatively to the prop or point on which the lever turns, are equal. — Statical moment, when two or more forces, having equal momenta, act in opposite directions on a body, the body will remain at rest, and this con- dition is called the statical moment of the forces. MOMENTOUSLY, ailv. -NVeishtUv; importantlv. MOMENl'^'UM, n. [add] In viech., the quantity of motion in a body, or more correctly, the quantity of velocity, for it is the velocity which inheres in the body, whereas the motion is only an effect of the velocity. The term is applied to the product formed by raultipljing the mass of the body by its velocity. MON, UGr. ^.*,-.] A Greek prefix MON'O. } signifying unity, single, sole, alone. MON'AD, n. [add.] In jihtmol., an ele- mentary particle of an organic body. According to the theory of Leibnitz, a monad is an active kind of principle, endued with perception and appetite, ascribed to each elementary particle of matter. *" Monads having no parts, are neither extended, figured, nor divisible." " Every monad is a living mirror repre- senting the universe, according to its particular point of view, and subject to no regular laws, as the universe itself." " Every monad with a particular body, makes a living substance." MONADEL'PHON, n. In hot., an an- dr5<'eM0N-(zciAN, Mo- MONE'CIOCS. f Na:cioPS. MONESTE ,t V. t. [Fr.] To admonish. [Chaucer.] MON'EY,t r. f. To supply with money. MON'EY-BILL, h. In parliamentaru Ian., an act by which money is directed to be raised upon the subject, for any purpose, or in what shape soever. Such bills originate in the House of Com- mons. MON'EY-LAND,n. In /«7r, land articled or devised to be sold and turned into money, which in equity is rei)uted as money. Also, money articled or be- queathed to be invested in land, which in equity has many of the qualities of real estate. MON'GAL, \n. In arch., an upright MUL'LION, i bar ofstone between the lights of a window ; called motgneh and mo;/nicieSy in Smith's Antiquities of Westminster. [See Mullion] AEOX'IED, a. See Moseyed. MON'IEK, «. See Moseteb. M0N'10URS,t n- P^"r. [Fr. monno- t/eur.] Alonevers; coiners. [Chaucer.] MONITORY LETTERS. H. Commu- nications of warning and admonition sent from an ecclesiastical judge, upon information of scandals and abuses witliin the cognizance of his court. MONITKIX, 7j. A female monitor; a monitress. MONK-BAT,n. Aspeciesof bat found in Jamaica, the males of which are often found in great numbers together. It is the ]\Iohssus fumarius. MONK'ERY, n. [add.] The state of monks ; the practices of monks. MONK'EY, n. [add.] The monkeys are distinguished from the apes by having cheek-pouches, long tails, and callosities 2U6 on each side of the tail on the buttocks. The baboons are distinguished from the monkeys by the elongation of their muzzle and shortness of their tails; and H^ad of Rib-DCtsed BjI>ooti aod of Macacus Monkejr. from the apes, by their cheek-pouches and callosities. The species of the mon- key tribe are very numerous ; many in- habit India and the JIalay Archipelago, but Africa may be regarded as the head- quarters of the tribe. — In sfiip-buildintj, the name monkey is given to a machine composed of a long pig of iron travers- ing in a groove ; it is raised by pulleys, and let fall on the head of large bolts, for driving them in, where the weight of mauls would be insufficient. — The monkey of a pile-driving machine is the double hook which takes up the ram. MONK'EY-FLOWER, n. The common name of plants of the genus Mimulus. MONK'EYISM, n. The quality of a monkey. MONK'-FISH, n. Another name for the angel-fish, a species of Squatina. MONIv'-SEAL.n. A species of seal found in the INIediterranean, forming the type of the genus Pelagius {P. monachns). It attains considerable size, and seems to have been the seal best known to the ancients. MONK'S'-HEAD, n. A plant of the gentis Leontodon. MONO. See Mon in this Supp. MONOC'EKOS,n. [add.] The Unicorn, a constellation of Helveltus, surrounded by Hydra, Canis Major, Orion, and Ca- nis Minor. It contains tlkirty-eight stars. ^In zooh, a genus of entomosto- mata. MONOCHLAMYD'E.^, n. [Gr. a#wf, and x^'^"^^ * tunic] A subclass of exo- genous plants, in which the flowers have only one envelope or a single perianth, as in Asarum. MONOCHRO'ITE, n. An ore contain- ing chromium, occurring with chromate of lead in the Ural. MONOC'LINATE, a. [Gr. ^.«, one, and *>.««. to incline.] In mineral., a t«rm applied to cr>'stals in which one of the axes is obliquely inclined, as the oblique rhombic prism, and the right rhomboidal prism. MONOCOTYLEDONS, («. Those MONOCOTYLE DONES, f plants which are now called endoyens. MONOC'ULUS, «. [Gr. /^w, one, and 1j. occuhts, an eye.] Agenusof entomos- tracous Crustacea, which mostly fre- quent stairnant waters, MO\ ODKLPIIS,) n. [Gr. f*#»«, and MUNODELPH I j 5e>^i»s, a womb.] A subclass of mammals, haWng no ex- ternal pouch or marsupium ; antitheti- cal to didelphs. MONODON'TA,n. [5e^_MoNODON.] A genus of molluscs inhabiting a pyrami- dal shell, the lips disunited at the upper part, the left having a tooth-like pro- cess, from which the name is derived. MON'ODRaME, instead of MON'O- DRAM. MONOGA'MIA, n. [See Monogam.] In hot., an order of the class Syngenesia, MONOTREMATA MOORPAN MORGANATIC MARRIAGE established by Linna?us for those plants tliat have a simple flower, without any involucre, though the anthers are united. The violet is an instance ; but this order has been long ago suppressed, so that Syngenesia is retained for those only which have compound flowers. MONOGA'MIAN, a. instead of MO- NOGAM'IAN. MONOGAMOUS, a. Same as Mono- GAMIAN. MONOGRAPHER, n. A writer of mo- nographs. MONOGRAPHY, it. [add.] A mono- graph, or written acconnt of some single subject or class of things. MONO(i'YNOUS, a. Same as Mono- GTNIAN. MONOL'EPIS, n. A genus of crusta- ceans. The species are of small size, and found on the coasts of the United States. Naturalists are not certain whether they are fully developed or not. MON'OMaNE, n. One afflicted with monomania; a monomaniac. MONOM'ERA, n. [Gr. f«»v«, and fi!{«5, a part.] A section of homopterous in- sects, in which the tarsi have only one joint, as in the Coccidie. MONOMETER,n.[Gr./it™,-,and>i!re«, measure. ) A rhythmical series, consist- ing of a single metre. MONOME'i"RI€, a. In min., a term applied to crystals with the axes equal or of one kind, as the cube, octahedron, and dodecahedron. MONO'MIAL, 71. instead of MONO- M'lAL. MONO'MIAL, a. In «?<;«., consisting of only one term or letter. MONOMORPHOUS, a. [Gr. f.««,and fjtc^^vi, form.] Of a single form ; applied to certain neuropterous insects wliich, in tlieii- larva state, are similar in form to the perfect insect, though wingless. MONOMYA'RIA,)!. [Gr.^ow.and /.tot, a muscle.] An order of conchiferous moUusca, consisting of those bivalves whose shell is closed by a single ad- ductor muscle, as in the oyster and the pecten. MONOOU'SIOUS, Ira. [Gr /t»,«, one, MONOOU'SIAN, I and ot<»i«, nature, essence.] Having identically the same nature or essence. MONOPHYSIT'ICAL, a. Relating to the Monophysites, or their doctrines. MONOPLEUUOBUANeiriANS, n. [Gr. fM»or, :rAev{«, the side, and (Sjosyj;'*! gills.] l)e Blainville's name for an order of the class Paracephalophora, in whicli the branchiae aremorc or lesscompletely covered by a portion of the mantle, and situated on the right side of the body. MONOPOLIZED, pp. Obtained and enjoyed wholly or exclusivelv; engrossed. MONOP'OLiZlNG.jipr. or a. Engross- ing sole power or exclusive right; ob- taining possession of the \^ hole of any- thing. MONOP'TERUS, n. [Gr. iu».»5, one, and vTi^v^. a wing or fin.] A genus of mala- copterygious fishes, characterized by their having tlie gill-openings united, but witli a partition, and the dorsal and anal fins commencing on the middle of the tail, and uniting at its point. MONOSPIlER'I€AL,a. [Gr. f<«.»!,and sphere.^ Consisting of, or having a single sphere. MONOSYL'LABISM, n. A predomi- nance of monosvllables. MONOTREMATA, n. [See MoNO- TiiiiMATou.s.| An order of ovoviviparous mammals, having only one common cloaeal outlet for tlie excremental and generative products. They are inter- mediate between the truly viviparous mammals and the oviparous birds and reptiles. Two Australian genera, Or- nithorliynchus and Echidna, belong to this order. MONS MENELA'US,)!. [L.] A modern northern constellation consisting of gIgvgii sturs, MONSOON', n. [add.] [Fr. moiisson ; said to be a corruption of the word vtooseenif wliich, both in Arabic and Malay, signifies a year or season.] MON'STRE,+ n. [Ft.] A monster; a prodigy; a pattern. [Chancer.] MONSTRIF'EROUS, a. Producing monsters, MON'TANIN, n. A name given to the bitter principle of the St. Lucia bark, which is obtained from the E.rostemma floribundum, a native of the West In- dian islands. MONTH'S MIND, n. [add.] A celebra- tion in remembrance of a deceased per- son, practised in monkish times. The days on which such celebrations were held were called remembrance days, and the purport of them was to keep alive the mind or memory of a bountiful tes- tator by masses and prayers. MONTIC'ULATE, a. Having little projections or hills. MONTOIR,n. Pronounced mon-twiir'. MONUMENT'AL, a. [add.] Ready for the tomb. [ Yonng.] MON'Y, a. Many. [Scotch.] MOO, I,', i. To make the noise of a cow ; to low, imitated from tiie sound. Also written Mne. [A child's word.] MOO, n. The noise of a cow; act of lowing. MOOD, n. [add.] Caprice; as, fortune's mood. [Shah.] MOODS, ?i. ii/«r. Manner ; as, all moods of grief. [Shah.] MOOLS, \n. Pulverized earth; the MOIILS, ( earthof the gr.ave; the dust of the dead ; the grave. [Scotch.] MOON'-CULMINATING, a. In iistr., an epithet for those stars which pass the meridian soon before or after the moon. MOON'SIIINE, H. [add.] Fujuratwe/i/, show without substance or reality; pre- MOON'Y, a. [add.] Like the full moon ; as, moonti shields. [Pope.] MOOR, n. An officer in the Isle of Man wlio summons tlie courts for the several sheadings. MOOR'GKEAVE, n. [See Reeve.] An overseer of moors or moorlands. MOORHEN, n. The common English name for the gallinule or water-hen, the Fulica chlorupus, Linn. MOOR'-ILL, ) «. A disease to which MUIR'-ILL, i black cattle are sub- ject. [Scotch.] MOORING, n. [add.] The act of se- curing a ship or boat alongside of any landing-place. MOOR'PAN, In. A provincial term MOOR'BAND, j intended either to designate the hardened layer of eartli produced by the treading of draught animals, put below the depth to which land is ordinarily cultivated; or (and perhaps more accurately), to signify the hard layer— freciuently fen-uginous— found at the depth of 10 or I'J inches in mossy districts, and the formation of which may, perhaps, be attributed to tlie land being always full of water to that mark, the influence of evaporation extending no deeper. 2C7 MOOSE'-WOOD.n.Aspecies of maple; striped maple. MOOT'ABLE, a. That may be mooted. MOOT'ING, n. [add.] The exercise of pleading a mock cause. MOOT'-HILLS, )!. Hills of meeting on which our British ancestors held their gi-eat courts. MOOT-MAN, n. One of thosewho used to argue the reader's cases in the inns of court. MOPE'FUL, a. Drowsy; stupid; dull. MOP'SEY, n. [add.] A woolly variety of dog. MORAL'ITIES, n. plur. A sort of alle- gorical plays, in vogue during the latter part of the middle ages. [See Moiial- ITV.] MORAL'ITY, li. [add.] Tendency to promote virtue or moral duties; as, the morality of plays. MOR'ALIZE, V. i. [add.] To comment; to interpret. [Shah.] MORA'VIANISM, n. The principles of the Jloravians, or United Brethren. MORBIDITY, n. The state of being morbid. MOR'BIDLY, adv. In a morbid man- ner ; in a diseased manner. MOR'BUS, n. [L.] A disease. MOR'CELS.t n. jjfor. Morsels. [Chau- cer.] MORDA'CIOUS, a. [add.] Fignra- fivcly, sarcastic. MOR'DANT, a. [Fr.] Biting. MOR'DANT, a. Having the quality of seizing hold, or of fixing colours. M OR DA NT, u. t. To imbue or supply with a mordant. MORDAUNT', «. [Fr.] The tongue of a buckle. MORDEL'LID.?E, n. [From Mordella, one of the genera.] A family of heter- omerous coleopterous insects, having the body elevated and arched, n ith the head inserted very low, the thorax trapezoid or semicircular, the elytra very sliort or narrow, or accuminated at the extremity as well as tlie abdomen. Tlie Mordella lunata is known by the name of the Innaled point-tail beetle. MORE, arfi!. [add.] Greatly. [Spenser.] More and less, great and small ; greater and less. [Shah.] MO'RE MAJORUM. [L ] After the manner of our ancestors. MORES,! n. plur. [Sax. moran.] Roots. [Spenser. ] MORGA NA FJi'TA. Sec Fata-Mob- gana. MORGANAT'It'ALLY,arfo. Relating to a morganatic alliance; as, they were married monianalically. MORGANATIC MARRIAGE, 71. [Ger. and Dan. monjen, the morning; A. -Sax. morgan-gife; B.morgen gave or -gifte; Ger. morgen-gabe ; Low L. mor- gen-geba; morganalica, !imormne-g\ft;a kind of dowry paid on the morning be- fore or after marriage. " A marriage is calleil morgavaticnhen tbeynorgen-gifi, or morning-gift, or dowry, was given and received in lieu of all other dowry, and also of rights of inheritance that might fall to the issue of sucli marriage."— Hlchurdson].— A kind of senii-matri- monial alliance between a monarch, or one of the highest nobibty, and a lady of inferior rank. In Germany sucli unions are called also left-handed mar- riages, because, at the nuptial cere- mony, tlie left hand is given. If tlie male be of sovereign rank the children of the female do not inlierit the father s sovereignty, but they are considf red le- gitimate in most other respects. MOKNING-STAR MORTIFIE MOTE MORGANITICAL, a. Same as Mor- ganatic. MOR'GAT, ins'ea-l of MOR'GRAY. [add.] The Scyilium canicuia. MORGUE, n. (morg.) [Fr.] A place in many towns in France where the bodies of persons found dead are exposed, that they may be claimed by their friends. MO'RIA, n. [Gr. ^jf, foolish.] Foolish- ness; fatuity. MORIL'LON, instead of MOR'IL- LON. MO'RINE, n. A yellow colouring mat- ter obtained from Morus titictoria. MORIN GA, n. [add.] See Uorisqa- CE.E in this Supp. MORIXGA'CEiE, n. A nat. order of plants separated from the Leguminosa;. It consists of trees having pinnateleaves, with an odd one, flowers in panicles, and a long three-angled pod in the three rows of seeds. The root of the Moringa pterygosperma has a pungent odour and an aromatic taste. It is used as a stimulant in paralytic affections and intermittent fever. The leaves, flowers, and tender seed-vessels are used in curries. The nuts are the ben- nuts of old writers, from which the oil of ben was extracted. This plant is a native of India and Arabia. MORISXO, 11. [add.] The work called moresqite. MOR'ISK, n. See Moresque, and Mo- BISCO. MOR'MAL,f li. [Perhaps a corruption of Low Lat. wia/«m-marft/K7/i,] A can- cer or gangrene. [Chaucer.] MOR'MOXITES, n.plur. [add.] Joseph Smith, the founder of the sect of Mor- monites, or Mormons, or Latter-day Saints, published his pretended revela- tion io 1830, under the title of the Book of -Mormon ; and notwithstanding the manifest absurdity of the narrative contained in it, and the strange jumble of tenets connected with it, Smith gained numerous converts, with whom he settled in the state of Illinois, and built a town and a temple, under the name of Nauvoo, in 1S40. He was murdered at Carthage in 1844, and his followers founded a new settlement, under the name of the New Jerusalem, on the shore of the Great Salt Lake, in the territory of Utah, though called by themselves Deseret, where, in 1852, their number was estimated at above 40,00u. They have, however, numerous adher- ents in other parts of America, and emissaries in many countries of Europe. Their particular tenets are not well known; but they regard the Book of Mormon as a supplemental revelation to that contained in the Bible, ascribe a corporeal furm to the Deity, and practise polygamy. MOK'MYKVS, n. A genus of malacop- terygious fishes, nearly allied to the pike family. The M.oxj/rhi/nchus, or sharp- nosed monuyrus, is an inhabitant of the Nile, and is regarded as one of the best fishes in that river. MORN, n. The morn, tomorrow. [Scotch.] MORNE',tH. LFr.]Theheadofa tilting lance, having its point re- bated or turned back, to prevent injury to the knight's opponent. MORN ING, t H. A morning MORN'IN', j dramordraught- \ Scotch.] MORN'ING-LAND,n.TheEast, in opposition to Evening-land, a name sometimes given to the West. MORN'ING-STAU, n. In ancient ar- mour, a weapon of o.l'ence used from P the Conquest till the time of Henry VIl. It consisted of a wooden ball contain- ing iron spikes, and was suspended by a chain from the end of a pole. MOROXYL'ie, in- stead of M O R- OX'TLIC. MOR-PUNK'EE, w. A native pleasure- boat of the Ganges, elegantly decorated and propelled by nu- merous paddles. MOR'RHUA, n. The specific name of >(ornir,s-.f3r^ the codfish, Gudus vwrrhua. [See Gadus.] MOR'RIS, n. A curious fish allied to the eels, of the genus Leptocephalus, so called from Mr. "William Morris, who first found it on the coast of Wales. MORSE,t n. [L. mordere, to bite.] The clasp or fastening of a cope, generally made of the precious metals, and some- times containing representations of the sacred mysteries. MORSITA'TIOX,t«- Actofguawing; morsure. MOR'SUS DIAB'OLI, n. [L. devil's bite.] In anat., a name for the fimbri- ated extremity of the fallopian tube. MORTAL, a. [add.] Vexing; torment- ing; as, six mortaf hours did I endure her loquacitv. [Sir \V. Scott.] MORTALL.tfl. Mortal. — 3/ortaW- crime, mortality. [6'/)eH5er.] MORTAR, n. [add.] Mortar-cement, a mixture of slaked lime and silicious sand, used for building. [See Mortar.] MORT'-CLOTH, n. The pall carried over a coffin at a funeral [Scotch.] MORT-DE-CHIEN, n. [Fr. Literally, dog's death.] A name of the spasmodic cholera of hot climates. It is said to be a corruption ofmorrferj/m, the Indian name of the disease. MOR'TEH.f n. [add.] A sort of wax- light. [Chaucer.] MORTGAGE, n. (mor'gaje.) [add.] By a recent statute (1 Vict., c. 28J, any person entitled to, or claiming under any mortgage of land, may make an entry, or bring an action at law, or suit in equity, to recover such land, at any time within twenty years nest, after the last payment of any part of the princi- pal money, or interest secured by such mortgage, although more than twenty years may have elapsed since the time at which the right to make such entry, or bring such action or suit in equity, shall have first accrued. The English law of mortgage has been chietly formed from the decisions of courts of equity, and it now forms a very important, and often complicated part of the law of property and contracts. Every species of pro- perty, real or personal, corporeal or incorporeal, tangible or non-tangible, movable or immovable, in possession, expectancy, or in action, may be the subject of mortgage. MORT GAGE-DEED, n. (mor'gaje- deed.) A deed given by way of mort- gage, MORTGA6EOR', ) w.(morgajor'.)One MORTGAGOR', j" who gives amort- gage. [See Mortgager.] MORTGAGING, ppr. (mor'gajing.) Conveying in fee as security lor the payment of money ; pledging. MOR'TlFiE,t V. i. [See Mortify.] To kill ; to destroy the essential qualities of; as, to mortijie mercury. [Chaucer.] 2G8 MORTIFIED, pp. or a. [add.] Morti- fied man, a hermit; one indifferent to the concerns of the world. [5AaA.] MOR'TIFYINGLY,a(/i'. In a humiliat- ing manner; subduedlv. MORT'MAIN, H. [add.] Conveyances and devises to corporations, civil or ec- clesiastical, were forbidden by Magna Charta, and a great number of statutes were afterwards passed in order to re- strict alienations to religious persons and houses; Imt all the while the king had the power of dispensing with the statutes of mortmain, by granting li- censes of alienation, and this power was confirmed to the crown by 7 and 8 Wm. III., c. 37. Alienations to chari- table uses are exempted from the stat- utes of mortmain. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and the col- leges within them, the colleges of Eton, AVinchester, and Westminster, and the British Museum, are exempted. Be- quests to the Established church, sub- ject to certain restrictions, are also exempted. MOR TREWES.t n. [5ee Mortress.] A rich broth or soup, in the preparation of which the flesh was stamped or beat in a mortar. [Chaucer.] MORTS, n. The skins of sheep or lambs that die of themselves. [Scotch.] MORT UARY, n. [add.] Mortuaries, where they are due by custom, are re- coverable in the ecclesiastical courts. MOR WE,t n. [Sax.] The morning.— A'morice, in the morning of the follow- ing day. — To-morice, the day following. [Chaucer.] MOR'WENING,t n. plur. Morwen- inges. [Sax.] The morning. [Chaucer.] MOSA'IC, I a. Relating to Moses, MOSA'ICAL, > the Hebrew lawgiver, or his writings and institutions. MOSA'ICALLT, adv. In the manner of mosaic work. MOS'CHUS, n. The musk-deer, a genus of rcmiinating animals, allied to the an- telopes. They are found in Western Africa, in India, and the Indian Islands. The M. moschiferus (to which the name is now usually restricted) yields the well-known perfume called mw^A. There are several other species. [See Musr.] MOS'EL,t n. [Fr.] The muzzle; the mouth of a beast. [Chaucer.] MOSELLE, n. A species of white French wine, so named from Moselle, a frontier department of France. MOSS'-HAGS, n. Fits or sloughs in a moss, mire, or bog. [Scotch.] MOSS-ROSE, n. A beautiful kind of rose, so named from its moss-like pu- bescence. MOST, rt. [add.] Greatest; chief— Jrfo posse-ts the icorld's most regiment^ I do possess the chief government of the world. [Spenser.] MOSTE,t a. and adv. for Most. [Chati- cer.] MOSTE,t v.i. for Must. [Chaucer.] UOST'E'S,i pret. of Moste. [Chaucer.] MOT, n. [Fr.] Literally, a. word; hence, a motto. — 2. A note or brief strain on a bugle. MOTACIL'LA,7i. The wag-tail, a genus or subgenus of passerine birds. [See Wag-Tail.] The Motacilla of Linn, compreliends the nightingales, wheat- ears, blue-birds, wrens, and meadow- larks, and, in fact, nearly all the inses- soriai birds. MOTE,t V i.plur. Moten. [Sax.] May; must. [Chaucer.] MOTE,t». [Fr. mote.] The note winded by a huntsman on his horn. [Chaucer.] MOTLEY-MINDED MOULD MOUNTAIN-COCK MOTE'-BELL, n. The bell which was used by the Saxons to summon people to the court. MO'TEE, \n. In the E. Indies, a. native MA'TEE, J servant who sweeps rooms. MOTET', instead of MOTET. MOTH'-BLIGHT, ii. Species of Aley- rodes, a genus of homopterous insects destructive to plants. MOTH'ER, II. [d.dd.] Evenj mother's son, every man. MO^iH'ER CAREY'S CHICKENS, ». A name given by sailors to the storm - petrels (Thallassidroma). [5eepETREL.] MOTH'ER-CHURCH, n. The parish - church ; the church to which one be- longs; the church of Rome, by way of eminence so designated by its adhe- MOTH'ERLINESS, n. Quality of being motheriy. MOTHER-SPOTS, n. Congenital spots and discolorations of the skin. [See N.«vus.] MOTH'ER TONGUE, n. A language to which other languages owe their origin; one's native language. MOTHES,t «. plur. Motlis. [Chaucer.] MOTH'-GNATS,n. The species of small dipterous insects of the genus Bychoda, which have curiously-ciliated wings, MOTH'-HUNTER,n.Anamesometimes applied to the goat-suckers (Caprimul- gida;), from moths being their favourite food. MO'TIF,t «. [Fr.] Motive; incitement. [Chaucer.] MO'TION, «. [add.] In parliament, or public assemblies, the proposing of any matter for the consideration of the house or meeting. — Centre of motion. [See Centre.] — Reflected motion, motion produced when a body is tui'ned out of a straight line by some force indepen- dent of gravity, or when an elastic body is made to rebound by being thrown against a hard smooth surface. [See ^'E.vt.^CTioy .]-— Excited motion, m phy- siol., the motion of the reflex function, as in the closure of the larynx on the contact of acrid vapours, the closure of the pharynx on that of the food, &c.— Ciliary motion, the peculiar vibrating motion of the cilia of animals. — Motion of irritability, the motion produced in the heart, the intestinal canal, &c., by the action of the muscular fibre. [See Irritability.] — Motions of plants, va- rious movements which are observed to take place in plants, arising from the action of external stimuli, as light, heat, electricity, &c., or from irritability. Thus, the fluids of plants have a con- stant motion ; the branches and leaves of all plants direct themselves to the light ; certain plants, at the approach of night, or in gloomy weather, close their leaves and flowers; the leaflets of some leguminous plants, when exposed to the action of an ardent sun, are often erected into a vertical position on each side of the leaf stalk, w hich they some- times pass, so as to close together ; and there are some plants, such as the sen- sitive plant, that shrink, as it were, on being touched. — Motion of the bowels, in med., an alvine discharge. MO'TION, V. i. [add.] To make a signi- ficant movement or gesture, as with the hand or head ; as, to motion to one to take a seat. — Also used in an active sense ; as, to motion one to a seat, or to take a seat. MOT'LEY, n. A fool. [Shah.] MOT'LEYMINDED,rt. Having diver- sified views and feelings. [Shah.] MOT'MOT, n. Prionites, a genus of pas- serine birds, belonging to the family Tenuirostres of Cuvier. They inhabit South America ; they are beautiful birds, about the size of a jay, with a long tail, the two middle feathers of which are destitute of vanes for a short dis- tance near the extremity. The beak is serrated on the margin; hence the name prionites [v^tMv, a saw). They are found generally in pairs in the deep woods, and are easily recognized by their note, mot-mot, slowly repeated. MO'TON,t n. A small plate covering the armpits. MOTOR, n.plur.Moto'res. [L.][add.] In anat., a part whose function is mo- tion, applied to muscles. Motores ocu- lorum, the movers of the eyes, or the third pair of nerves. MO'TOR, a. Giving motion; imparting motion ; as, motor nerves. MOTT,t 2)ret. from Mete. Did mete; did measure. [Spenser.'] MOT'TLE, n. [See Mottled.] A term applied to mahogany, and other woods employed in cabinet-work, to designate the variegations in colour which the polished surface of the wood exhibits. In mahogany several kinds of mottle aredistinguished; as, stop-mottle, flddle- mottle, rain-mottle, plum-mottle^ pea- coch-viottle. MOU', n. Mouth. [Scotch.] MOU'DIWARP, » n. The mould-warp, MOU'DIWART, f or mole. [Scotch' MOUFF'LON, 71. The Ovis musmon, an animal of the sheep kind, inhabiting the mountainous parts of Corsica, Sardinia, Greece, &c. It is about the size of a small fallow-deer, and, although covered with hair, bears a stronger resemblance Moufflon, Otis inui^moit- to the ram than to any other animal, both in regard to its horns and its ge- neral conformation, It is by nature extremely wild. MOULD, n. [add.] In anat., the anterior fontanel or interstice between the pa- rietal bones and the frontal of a child's head. — MasoT^s mould or caliber, a piece of hardwood or iron, hollowed on the edge, answering to the contours of the mouldings or cornices to be formed. — Glazier s moulds are of two sorts, one of which is used for casting the lead into long rods, fit for drawing through the vice in which the grooves are formed. The other is for moulding the small pieces of lead which are fas- tened to the iron bars of casements. — Plumbers' moulds, the tables on which they cast their sheets of lead. — In paper-mahing, a little frame, the size of the sheet of paper to be made, composed of several wires fastened together by wire still finer, and having a little ledg- ing of wood, into which the wires are fastened ; useil to cast the sheets of paper. — Shaltspeare uses the word mould to designate the body as giving shape to the garments. MOULD-BO ARD, «. The curved board or metal- plate in a plough, which serves to turn over the furrow. MOULD'ERED, pp. or a. Turned to dust ; wasted away. MOULD'ERY, a. Partaking of, or like mould. MOULEjf V. i. To mould, or grow mouldy. [ Chaucer.] MOUL'ED,t pp. Moulded; grown mouldy. [Chaucer.] MOU'LINE, f ) n. [Fr.] The roller of MOULINET',! ) acapstan, crane, &;c. — A machine usedbycross- bowmen to wind up their bows. MOULS, n. See MoOLsin this Supp. MOULT, n. The shedding or changing of feathers in birds.— 2.t A mow of corn or hay. MOUN,t for MowENjpre*. tense plur. of Moive.\ Chau- cer.] MOUND, n. [add.] Something raised; an artificial elevation of earth. MOUNT, r. t. [add.] To prepare for use ; to set off to advantage ; to embel- lish. Thus, to mount a sword is to fur- nish it with a hilt, scabbard, &c.; to mount a map is to prepare it for use by attaching it to canvas, &c.; to mount a diamond is to set it in frame- work. This verb and its derivatives are also em- ployed loosely in the arts to denote adaptation to an end. Thus, a loom is said to be mounted for weaving a parti- cular kind of fabric ; and the appliances by which the loom is so adapted are col- lectively called the mounting. There are. accordingly, harness-mountings, twill -mountings, jacquard- mountings, &c. The trimmings, linings, &c., of an article of wearing apparel, as a coat, are also sometimes called the mountings, but more common\y furnishings. We also speak of the mountings of a coffin, of a window, a door, &c., by which we mean all those non-essential articles applied for use or ornament. MOUNT'AIN, n. [add.] A mountain of aconical form, with the summit narrow, is called a cone; when of the same form, but more massy, with the summit de- pressed and rounded, it is called a dome. The lowest elevations of this kind are called hillochs, or mounds. MOUNT'AIN, 7/. A species of wine, MOUNT'AIN-ASH, instead of MOUN- TAIN-ASH. MOUNT'AIN-AVENS, instead of MOUNTAIN-AVENS. MOUNT'AIN-BAROMETER, n. A barometer adapted to measuring the heights of mountains. The name is commonly applied to the sympiesome- ter, employed for this purpose on ac- count of its portability. MOUNT'AIN-CAT, n. The wild-cat, Felis catus ferus. MOUNT'AIN-eOCK, n. The Tetrao urogallus, or capercailzie. MOWING MUHME MULTIPLIER MODNT AIN-DEW, n. A cant name for Scotch Higlilaud whisky. MOUNTAIX-EBON Y, n. The wood of an East Indian tree, of the genus Bau- hinia. MOUNTAIN-FLAX, n. A species of asbestos ; amianthus. MOUNT AIN- HEATH, n. \ name sometimes given to saxifrage. MOUNT'AIN-L.VUKEL, n. A plant of the genus Kalmia. MOUNT'AIN-MAHOGANY.n. Black birch (Betula nigra). MOUNTAIN-ROSE, n. [add.] Rosa alpina. MOUNT'.AIN SPIDEK-WORT, n. A plant, the Anthericum scyotinum. MOUNTAIN-TALLOW, H. A mineral substance, having the colour and feel of tallow. It occurs in a bog on the bor- ders of Loch Fyne, in Scotland, and in one of the Swedisli lakes. It melts at 118% boils at 290", and is soluble in al- cohol. It diifers from every known class of minerals. MOUNT' ANCE.t n. [Fr.] Amount in value or in quantity. [Chancer.^ MOUNTLET, ii. A small mountain; a hill. MOUR'D.ANT.t) See Mordaunt in MOR'DANT.t 5 tliis Supp. MOURNING-RING, n. A ring worn as a memorial of a deceased friend. MOUSE, H. [add.] The common mouse is the Mus miisadus, of which there are se- veral varieties; the harvest-mouse is the Mus tnessoriits; the tield-mouse, the JMus si/lvaticus ; tlie rustic-mouse, or field- vole, the Armcola agresiis; the Bar- bary-mouse, the Miis barbarus. MOUSE, t>. i. (mouz.) [add.] To watch for or pursue in a sly or insidious manner. MOUSE-BIKDS,H. The Cape coby isso called in South Africa. They are mis- chievous birds in gardens there, as they attack the sprouting plants. MOUSE'-€OLOUR, n. A colour re- sembling that of a mouse. MOUSE-eOLOUKED, a. Having the colour of a mouse. MOUSE-HAWK, n. A hawk that de- vours mice. MOUSTED HE.\D, In. A head of MUSTED HE.\D, f hau-, powdered with a kind of tiour called mttst. ^Scolrh.] MOUTH, r, I. [add.] To join mouths; to kiss. [5AaA.] MOVABLE, n. Any piece of furniture or part of a man's goods, capable of be- ing moved. iSee Mov.\bles.] MOVE, V. i. [add.] To propose some- thing to an organized meeting, for con- sideration and determination. MOVEABLE. See Mov.able. MOVING-POWERS, n. In mech, the means employed to give motion to machinery; as the strength of men and animals, tlie pressure of the atmosphere, the expansive force of steam, the action of wind and water. [See Power, and Force.] MO W'-BURNED, pp. or a. Overheated and fermented in the mow. MOWE,t n. [Fr.] A distortion of the mouth. [^Chaucer.] MOW'EN,t V. i. plur. otMotce. To be able. [C'haucer.'\ MOWES, n. plur. [Fr. moue, a mouth.] Mouths. Distortions of the mouth or countenance, made in derision or con- tempt. {Spenser.^ — To nuthe moices, to twist the moutli about. [AVjaA.] MOW'ING,t 1. [From mowe.] Ability. \Cliaucer.] JIOXA, n. [add.] This term has been extended to any substance, whose gra- dual combustion on or near the skin is used for the relief or cure of disease. MOY'A, )i. In Soirth America, a term applied to mud poured out from vol- canoes during eruptions. 5IO*LE,t n. Moil. MOYLE,t V. t. [See Moil.] To soil ; to dirty; to defile. {Spemer.\ MR. An abbreviation of mastef or mister. MRS. An abbreviation of mistress. Colloquially pronounced misses. MS. An abbreviation of manKscript. ilSS. An abbreviation of manuscripts. MUCH, adi\ [add.] An exclamation of contempt, implying a sneering disbelief of an assertion. What! With two poluts ia your shoulder? Much • Shak. Very much ijlad, very ranch delighted ; glad in a very high degree. [67iaA.] MUCHELL.t) a., adv., or n. [See MUeHEL.t J Much, Mickle.] Much. [CliaHcer.'\ MUCILAG'INOUS, «. [add.] Mucila- ginous matter, in chem., the white tloccu- lent deposit formed in the distilled waters of plants. — Mucilaginous ex- tracts, extracts which readily dissolve in water, scarcely at all in alcohol, and undergo spirituous fermentation. MUCK'LE, a. See Meikle in this Sui>p. MUCK-E.VKE, H. A rake for raking dirt or muck. MUCK RE,t \v. t. [Sax. mucg.] To MUCKER,} ( heap up; to accumu- late; to hoard. [Chaucer.] JIU'COCELE, n. [L. mucus, and Gr. x-kXvi, a tumour.] An enlargement of the lacrymal sac, containing tears mixed with mucus. MU€OS'ITY,n. Mucousness;sliminess. MUeU'NA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Leguminosie. iV. pruricns is the cowhage or cowage plant. [See Cow- niGE.] MUD, a. Consisting of mud ; slimy : re- lating to mud. MUD DINESS, n. [add.] Figuratively, intellectual cloudiness or dulness. MUD DY-BR.\INED, a. DuU of appre- hension ; stupid. MUD'DYING, ppr. [add.] Rendering turbid; clouding. MUDDY-METTLED, a. Didl-spirited. [Shak.] MUD'-HEN, «. In America, the common name of the Virginia rail, Rallus vir- ginianus. MUD-TURTLE, n. In America, the common name of the Stcrnothcerus odo- ratus; also called marsh-tortoise. MCE.t V. i. [Fr. muer. See Mew.] To change. [Chaucer.] MUET,t a. [Fr.] Mute ; dumb. [Chau- cer.] MUFF, n. [add.] Also, the local name of a bird, the white-throat (6'v/r*a cinerea). MUFFETTEE', ». \ small muff worn over the wrist ; a wristband of fur or worsted, worn by ladies. MUF'FLE, n. [add.] In zoot., the tumid and naked portion of the upper lip and nose of animals of the bovine and deer kind. MUFFLED, pp. or a. [add.] Muffled oars, oars having mats or canvas put round their looms, and in the rowlocks. — Muffled drum, a drum having cloth or some soft substance wound round the strings, to prevent a sharp sound, or to render the sound grave and solemn. MUGS, In. The Teeswater breed of MUGGS, ; sheep. [*Vo(c/i.] MUHME, n. [Gael.] A nurse. 270 MUILS, )h. Moulds; cloth or list MOOLS, ) shoes for gout; chilblains. [Scotch.] MUIR, n. A moor. [Scotch.] MUIR'-ILL, II. A disease to which black cattle are subject. [Scotch.] MUIR'-POUTS, n. Young grouse. [Scotch.] MUL.AT TRESS, ii. A female mulatto. MULCH, V. t. [See the Noun.] To cover with Utter or half-rotten straw, or with mamu'e. MULCTARY, a. Consisting of fines or forfeitures ; mulctuary. MULE, n. [add.] In cotton-factories, this machine is so named from the circum- stance that it is a compound of the jenny and throstle, or water-frame. It seems to have been invented by Samuel Cromp- ton as early as 1775, and was intro- duced into factories in 1790, about the sametime that the steam-engine began to be applied to turn machinery. MULE'-DRIVEIv, n. A driver of mnles; a muleteer. •* MULGE DIUM, II. A genus of plants, nat. order Composite. M. alpinum, a British species, is a remarkably hand- some plant, with blue tlowers in small numerous heads. It is the Sonchus ctBruleus of Smith in the English bo- tany. MU'LIEK, n. [L.] [add.] A woman ; a w-ife. MU LIERTY, n. In laic, lawful issue. MU LISHLY, adv. Stubbornly; like a mule. MU'LISHNESS, n. Obstinacy or stub- bornness, as of a mule. MULL, 11. A thin, soft kind of muslin ; called also mull-mull. JIUL'L.A, 11. A priest or one of sacer- dotal order in Tartary. MULL.AG.ATAW NY, ii. The name of an East Indian curry-soup. JIUL'LOCK,t n- [add.] Dirt ; dung.— In Scotch, mullock, or mulock, signifies a crumb. MUL'SUM, n. [L.] Hydromel. MULTAN GULAUNESS, II. The state of being polygonal. JIULTE ITY, 11. The state of being many; multiplicity. MULTICUSPIDA'TES, n. [L. multus, and cuspis, a spear] The name of the three last molar teeth, so called from their having several tubercles. MULTIF LOROUS. or JIULTIFLO'- ROUS. MUL'TIFOIL, 11. [L. multus, and folium, a leaf.] In arch., a leaf-ornament of more than five divisions. MULTINO DATE, \a. Haring many MULTIN knotted. MULTINO DOUS, ) knots ; many- MULTIPLI'ABLENESS, instead of MUL TIPLIABLENESS. MUL TIPLICAND, or MULTIPLl- €AND'. MULTIPLICATION, instead of MULTIPLICATION, n. [add. [The art of making gold and silver. [CAoii- cer.] MULTIPLICITY, n. [add.] A great number ; a midtitude ; as, a multiplicity of schemes. MUL TlPLiE.t B. «'. To make gold and silver. [Chaucer.] MUL'TIPLIER, Ii. [add.] An instru- ment for indicating the deflecting in- fluence of an electric current. It con- sists of a wire bent in the form of a helix, round a magnetic needle, the wire returning upon itself, so as to form a closed cu-cuit. It is applied in cases in which the electric current is so weak. MURGEON MUSCULAR MUSTANG as to require its conduction several times round the needle, so as to repeat or midtiphj tiie deflecting influence ot' tile single current. MULTIUA'DIATR, a. Having many rays. MUL'TISYLLABLE,orMULTISYL'- LABLE. MUL'TITUDE, n. [add.] In law, an assembly of ten or more persons. MULTITU'DINOUSLY, adv. In a muUitudinous manner. MULTITU'DINOUSNESS, n. State of being multitudinous. MUL'TUM, n. Among hreieers, the name given to a compound consisting of an extract of quassia and liquorice, used for the purpose of economizing malt and hops. Hard multum is made from Cocculus indicus, and is used by brewers to give an intoxicating quality to beer. It is also termed black extract. MUM'-CHANCE. See after Mum. MUM'MING, H. The sports of mum- mers ; an ancient Christmas pastime in England, consisting of a species of mas- querading. MUM'MY, V. t. To embalm; to mum- mify. MUMP'ISHLY, adv. Dully; wearily; sullenly. MUMP'ISBNESS, n. SuUenness. MUNDIF'ICANT, a. [See Mundifi- CATiON.] A term applied to certain healing and cleansing ointments. MUNDIF'ICANT, «. A cleansing and healing ointment. MUN'GO, n. The root of the Ophinr- rhiza mungos. {See Ophiorrhiza.I MUN'GOOSE, In. The East Indian MONGOOSE, f name for the species of ichneumons (Herpestes). MUNICIPAL, a. [add.] Municipal corporation, in Emjland, the corpora- tion of a town. MUNIC'IPALISM, n Municipal state or condition. MU'NIFY.t "- *■ LL. munio, to fortify.] To fortify. MU'NIMENT-HOUSE, ) «. A house MU'NIMENT-KOOM, \ or room of strength in cathedrals, colleges, colle- giate churches, castles, or public build- ings, purposely made for keeping the seal, evidences, deeds, charters, writings, &c., of such church, college, castle, &c. MUN'NION, n. [add.] Munnions or tminlins, are pieces of carved work, placed between the lights in a ship's stern and quarter-galleries. MUNT, V. t. To mount. [Scotch.] MUN'TIN, ) n. The central vertical MUN'TING, I piece that divides the panels of a door. MUNT'JAK, n. A small species of deer, the C'ervus muntjac, a native of Java. It has short horns with pedicels, and is met with in small herds. MURyE'NA, n. A geiras of apodal, malacopterygious fishes, of the family Muranidae. The fishes of this genus resemble the eel in form. They have no pectoral fins, and the dorsal and anal fins are very low, and are united. The M. helena is found in the Mediter- ranean and Portuguese seas ; it grows to the length of between four and five feet, and even more, and is excellent eating. MUR'DER, V. t. [add.] To abuse or violate grossly; to mar by bad execu- tion, pronunciation, representation, &c.; as, to murder words or language. MURED,tOT). f&eMuRE.J Immured; inclosed. [Spenser.] MUR'GEON, n. A murmur; amutter- II.— Suit. ing in reference to the mass. — Mur- geoKs, distorted gestures; grimaces; wry mouths. [Scotch.] MU'RIACITE, n. [add.] Anhydrous sulphate of lime ; also called anhi/drite and adje-spar. It occurs crystalline, fibrous, granular, and compact. MU^KIAS, n. [L.] A muri:ite. MU'RICATE, a. Same as ;Mukicated. MURIC'ID^, n. [L. murex.] A family of carnivorous gasteropoda, compre- hending the murexes and whelks. MURICI'NiE, n. A subfamily of the muricidse, comprehending those species sometimes called rock-shells. MU'KIDE, n. [h. muria, brine.] The name first given to bromine, from its being an ingredient of sea- water. MURIFORM, a. [L. murus, a wall, and forma, form, likeness.] In hot., re- sembling the bricks in the wall of a house; applied to the cellular tissue constituting the medullary rays in plants. MU'RINA, n. .A. tribe of rodent quad- rupeds, of which the genus Mus is the type. It includes the families Murida;, Arvicolidse, and Sciuridaj. JIUKK'ILY, adv. Darkly ; gloomily. MUK'LAN, or MUK'LIN, n. A round, narrow-mouthed basket. [Scofck.] MUR'LINS, n. An algaceous plant, the Alaria esculcnta; called also biidder- locks, honet/-u'are, iSiC. MURMUKA'TION, n. Actof mm-mur- ing; a low sound. [Lit. us.] MUR'RAIN, instead of MURRAIN, (pron. mur'rin.) MUR'THER. See Mukdeu. MUS, n. [L.] The mouse, a genus of rodent animals. It also includes i-ats. [See MoiTSE in Diet, and in this Sujjp.] MU'SA, n. A genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Musacea;. To this genus belong the banana and plantain. [See MusACE.i!.] MUS'CA, n. [L.] The fly, a Linnean genus of dipterous insects, including the flies. It is now expanded into a family (lluscidae). The conmion house- fly is the Musca domestica. — 2. A modern southern constellation, situated between Crux and the south pole. It consists of six stars. MUS'CADINE VINE, «. The Vitis apiana, which yields the rich muscadine wine of Languedoc and Roussillon. MUS€ARDINE, u. for " Bossiana," read Bassiana. MUS'CARI, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Liliaceai. M. racemosum. is the grape-hyacinth, a native of Britain. MUSCI'€APA, n. The fly-catchers, a genus of dentirostral passerine birds, now split into various subgenera ; as, Tyrannus, Gymnocephalus, Muscipeta, Muscicapa proper, &c., included in the family Muscicapidae. MUS'CLED, a. (mus'sld.) Having muscles ; having large muscles. MUS;€ULAR, a. [add.] Muscular fibre, or tusue, that species of tissue which forms the substance of muscles. The fibres which compose the body of a muscle are disposed in bundles, united together by means of areolar tissue. These bundles are composed of bundles still more minute, united in a similar manner. These again may be separated in the same way, until at last we come to the primitive .Abres of wliiuh this tissue is comjjosed. Each primitive fibre consists of a delicate membranous tube, inclosing a great number ot fibril- lee, or extremely minute fibrils, incap- able of further division. — Muscular 271 impressions, those indented marks in acephalous bivalves, which indicate the insertion of those muscles, by which the animal is attached to its shell. They are either lateral, central, or pallial. MUS €ULI PECTINA'TI, n. [L. pec- ten, a comb.] In anat., the muscular fasciculi within the auricles of the heart, so named from their being arranged like the teeth of a comb. MUS'CULUS, n. [L.] A muscle. ]MUSE,-|- V. i. [It. mtisare.] To gaze. [Chaucer.] MUSETTE', n. [Fr.] A musical instru- ment; a bagpipe. MUSHROOM-SUGAR, n. A sugar obtained by treating the tincture of the ergot of rye with water. MU'SIC-STOOL, n. A stool or seat for one who performs on a piano or similar instrument. BIUSK, n. [add.] Artificial m«*A, a tinc- ture prepared by the action of nitric acid on rectified oil of amber, and dis- solving the product in alcohol. MUSK'-BEETLE, n. The Callichroma or Aromia moschata, a long-horned beetle, which has a faint smell some- what like musk. It is a common species about London, and is of a fine green colour. The larva lives in decaying trunks of trees. MUSK'-DUCK, n. The Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata). MUS'KET-REST,-|- n. A staff with a forked top to rest the musket on when being fired. Each soldier carried one such rest. MUSK'-SEED, n. [add.] The Hibiscus abelnwschus, Liim,, and the Abelmoschus moschatus of Wight and Arnott. It grows in tropical America, and Asia. The seeds are musky, stimulating, and stomachic, and are used in tincture against serpent-bites. MUS'LIN-DE-LAINE, n. [Fr. mousse- line-de-laine.] Literally, woollen mus- lin ; a woollen, or cotton and woollen fabric of extremely light texture, used for ladies' dresses, &c. MUSOPHAG'ID.E, n. [From Muso- phaija, one ot the genera.] The plan- tain-eaters, a family of scansorial birds, allied to the perchers. The Musophaya violarea is a very magnificent bird, found on the Gold Coast, and Senegal in Africa. MUSQUASH. See Musk-Rat. MUSQUI'TO. See Mosquito. MUS'ROL, or MUS'ROLE. MUS'SAL, n. In the £. indies, torches made of long strips of cotton bound tightly togetlier, and dipped in oil. MUSSALCHEE', «. In the £. Indies, a torch-beareraccomijanying a palanquin. MUSSEL-BIND, n. See Muscle-Bind. MUSSULMAN It:, a. Pertaining to Mussulmans, or like them or their cus- toms. MUST, V. i. [add.] Must know, must be informed ; as, you must know 1 am going to London. MUSTACHE', II. (mustash'.) Sing, of Mustaches. MUSTAC'H'ES, instead of MUSTA'- CHES, n. plur. MUSTA'CHIO, n. (nuista'sho.) Same as Mustache. MUSTACH'IOED, a. (mustash'od.) Wearing mustaches. MUS'TANG, ». The American name of the wild horse of the prairies, who is the invariable companion of their inhabitants. The mustang pony is very hardy, easily maintained, and capable of great labour. 8f MUZARABIC AnrGALE MYRIOLOGCF JIUS'TARD-FOT, n. A vessel to bold mustard. MUSTARD -SEED, n. The seed of mustard. [See Mustard.] MUSTE'LA, n. The name given by Linn, to a genus of carnivorous digiti- grade mammalia, comprehending the otters, skunks, polecats, and weasels, which are now included in the family Mustelidi*?. The genus Mustela is now restricted to the true weasels. MUSTER, H. ( Ger. from Lat. monstraro^ to show.] A pattern ; a sample. [Used in commerce.] JIUS'TER, r. t. [add.] To muster up, to gather, to obtain, to summon up; as, to muster up courage. — To muster trooxis into service, is to inspect and enter them on the muster-roll of the army. — To muster troops out of service, is to in- spect and enter them on a muster- roll, according to which they receive pay for the last time, and are dismissed. MUSTER-FILE, u. Same as Muster- Roll. MUS'TER-ROLL,«. [add.] AroU or re- gister kept by the master of every vessel, specifying his own name, the names of the whole ship's company, tiie place of each person's birth, tlicc. MUST'lLER,t n. Armour for the body, of a particular kind of cloth, mentioned in the time of Edward I. It was pro- bably composed of a quantity of wool just sheared from the sheep, thus par- taking of the nature of pourpoint or ganiboised coverings. MUTABLY, ado. Changeably. MU'TACE, n. A process for checking the fermentation of the must of grapes. MUTAN'DA, n. plur. [L.] Things to be changed. MUTILATE, ff. Deprived of some part; mutilated. MUTIL'LID^, n. A family of hymen- opterous insects, generally found in hot, sandy situations. They are allied to the ants. MUTSELIM, H. Ill Turkey, the go- vernor of a town, or district, &c. MUT'TON-BIRD, n. The name given in New Holland to the sooty petrel, from a fancied resemblance to the taste of mutton. This bird is the chief food ; of the sealers in Bass's Straits. MUTTON-CHOP, «. A rib of mutton for broiling, having the bone cut, or chopped oft' at the small end. MUTTON-CLUB, ;;. In the Fast Indies, an association of European re- sidents, who keep each a few sheep, one of which is killed occasionally, the joints, &c., being divided by rotation among the members' families. MUT TON-rlE, ;i. A pie made of mutton. MU'TUAL, a. [add.] Mutual debts, in law, money due on both sides between two persons. — Mutual promises, con- current considerations which will sup- port each other, unless one or the other be void ; as, where one man promises to pay money to another, and he, in consideration thereof, promises to do a certain act, &c. Mutual promises, to be obligatory, must be made simultan- eously, MUZ ARAB, ;(. [Ar.] A Christian liv- ing under the sway of the Arabs; a term formerly used by the Moors of Spain, and applied by tliem to all Chris- tians living under tlieir sway, in Cor- dova, Seville, Toledo, Granada, and other large towns. MUZARAB'ie, \a. Relating to the MUZAR'ABIC, ) JIuzarabs, or to a liturgy preserved by the Christians in Spain, during their subjection to the Mahometans. MUZZLE, n. [add.] The projecting mouth and nose of an animal, as of a horse, dog, &c. MY, pron. [add.] M>/ foxcard good, my approaching happiness. \Spenser.] MY' A, n. fGr ^u,-, a muscle.] A genus of molluscous animals inclosed in a bi- valve sliell, and known by the name of gapers, one end of the shell gaping con- siderably. The mya^ are found both in the ocean and in rivers, and are of con- siderable importance, in consequence of the shell sometimes producing a quan- tity of pearls ; hence the shell is known by the name of the pearl -mussel. MY'AD^'E, n. Gaping bivalves, a family of molluscous bivalves, named from the genus Mya, and having the valves more or less gaping at one or both extremi- ties. MYCE'TES, n. [Gr. a^«»;t»5.-, one who bellows.] The howling monkeys, a genus of quadrumanous animals inha- biting the Amencan continent. They are remarkable for the powerful deve- lopment of the voice, which has a pro- digious volume and a most frightful sound. They are shaggy animals, about the size of a fox, and subsist on fruits and foliage. MYGODERMA, n. [Gr. /x:.*«, a mush- room or fungus, and 3i«ux, skin.] The flocculent substance which forms in va- rious infusions when they become motherv. MY€OL06'I€, \ a. Relating to MYCOLOO'ICAL,) mycology, or to the fungi. MYCOLOGY, n. [Gr. .t«.««. a fungus, and Xoye;, discoursc] A treatise on, or the science of the fungi. MYCTE'RIA, H. [Gr. /*«Tr?, the nose or proboscis.] A genus of grallatorial birds allied to the storks, having long, strong conic bills. The best-known species is the M. amei^icana, or common jabiru. MYDRI'ASIS, n. [Gr.] Apreternatmal dilatation of the pupil of the eye. MYELITIS, 11. [Gr. ^mXoj, marrow.] Inflammation of the substance of the brain or spinal marrow. MY'GALE, H. (my-ga-le.) [Gr. the shrew or field-mouse.] The desmans, a genus of aquatic insectivorous ani- mals, of which the Russian musk-rat (3/. moschata) is the best-known spe- cies. — 2. A genus of hairy spiders, some of which spin their webs in the form of tubes, in which they reside, in holes concealed in the ground, or under stones or the bark of trees. The tube- forming species constitute the genus Cteniza. The name Mygale is now usually restricted to the large hairy spe- cies of which the M. avicularia, or bird- catching spider, is the tvpe. MYLAB'RIS, n. [Gr. 'fA^ta, a fly, and >.a.^zo{, furious.] A genus of vesicatory beetles, belonging to the family Can- tharidae. M. cichorii inhabits the south of Europe, and its vesicatory properties are as powerful as the cantharis of the shops. MY'LO. [Gr. t^vx^, a grinder-tooth.] In anat., names compounded of this word are applied to certain muscles at- tached near the grinder-teeth ; as, mylo- ht/ocdeus, mt/lo-phari/ngeus, &e. MYL'ODON, n. [Gr. ^?.f,, a grinder, and elov;, a tooth.] A genus of extinct Skeleton of UyloJon. animals, allied to the megatherium, the remains of which have been found in South America. MYOGRAPHTC, a. Same as Myo- OBAPHICAL. MY'0L'06lST, n. One who is versed in myology, or who treats of the subject. MYOPOT'AMUS, n. [Gr. f^v;, a rat, and taTxuo;, a river.] The coypou, a genus of rodent quadrupeds, allied to the beavers, but of smaller size. The M. coijpus inhabits South America ; its habits are aquatic ; it swims with great ease, lives in the vicinity of water, and burrows in the ground. Its fur is used largelv in the manufacture of hats. MYO'SIS, n. [Gr. fxi-r, to close the eyes] A disease of the eye, which con- sists in an unnatural contraction of the pupil. MYOSITIS, n. [Gr. A«/f, a muscle.] In- flammation of a muscle. MYOSU'RUS, H. Mouse-tail, a genus of plants, nat. order Ranunculacese. [See Mouse-Tail.] MYOX'US, It. The dormouse, a genus of rodent manmials, intermediate be- tween the squirrels and mice. [See Dormouse in Diet, and in this Supp.] MYR'IAD-MINDED, a. A term ex- pressive of vast intellect, used by Cole- ridge and Tennvson. MYRIALK'TRE, n. [Gr. f^v-.x, and ;jT{a, a pound.] A French measure of capacity containing 10,U00 litres, or G1U,2SU cubic inches. MYRl'CA, 71. Candleberry-myrtle, a genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Myricacea;. [See G.\le, and MVRICACE^.] MYRIOLi'TRE, n. See Mvbialitre, the more correct orthography. MYRIOLO(>'l€AL, a. Relating to a mvriologue. MYRIOL'OGIST, 7i. One who com- poses or sings a myriologue, usually or always a female. MYR'IOLOGUE, n. [Gr. f^vnoi, ex- treme, and \cye:, discourse.] In modern Greece, an extemporary funeral-song, composed and sung on the death of a friend. NALE NARCISSUS NARRE BIYRIS'TIGA, n. [From uv^o*.] The nutmeg-treej a genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Myristicacere. M. moschata, a native of the Rloluccas, yields the nutmeg of the shops. [See Nutmeg.] Other species bear fruit that may be employed as a substitute for nutmeg, but they are all inferior to the real myristica. MTUIS'TI€ ACID, n. A fatty acid, ob- tained from the expressed oil of nutmeg (myristica). MYRMECOPH'AGA, n. [Gr, f^v^f^-4, an ant, and ?«;-&(, to eat.] The ant-eater, a genus of edentate animals. {See Ant-Eater.] MYRME'LEON, n. [Gr. /*v-^>;5, an ant, and Kidv, a lion.] The lion-ant, a genus of neuropterous insects, the larva? of ■which are remarkable for enticing their prey by means of pit-falls. [See Ant- LiON in this Supp.] MYROB'ALAN. n. [add.] Myrobalans are of five kinds, viz., the belleriCy the emhlic, the ckebulic, the Indian, and the '/ellow. MYRON'ie ACID, n. [Gr. fjLVi*,, an odorous oil.] A bitter acid procured from black-mustard seeds. MYROP'OLIST, T(. [Gr. fj.v>ov, an odo- rous oil or unguent, and fnukiu, to sell.] One that sells unguents or perfumery. [Lit. us.] MYR'OSINE, n. [Gr. ftt/j^v, an odorous oil, and e-w, with.] Emulsion of black- mustard seeds, a peculiar substance which yields, with viyronic acid, the volatile oil of mustard. MYROSPERMUM, n. A genus of plantSjthe seeds of which are besmeared with balsamic juice; nat. order Amy- ridacese. [See Myrospermum Peroi- FERUM.l WYROXYL'IC ACID,H. A substance obtained from the Peruvian balsam (myroxylon). MYROXY'LON, n. The generic name of the balsam-tree of Peru. MYR'RHIC ACID, w. A substance ob- tained from resin of myrrh, and which possesses acid properties. MYR'RUINE, \n. A kind of precious MYR'RHITE, j stone. S'eeMuRRHiNE. MYRTA'CEiE, n. See after Myrtle- Wax. MYR'TLE, n. [add.] Dutch myrtle, the Myrica gale. MYR'TUS, 71. A genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Myrtaceje. M. communis, or common myrtle, is a native of the south of Europe. Its leaves contain a volatile oil, which possesses medicinal properties; the buds and berries also yield a volatile oil ; the dis- tilled flowers yield the perfume called eau-tV-auoe. There are several varieties of the common myrtle, and many other species of the genus. [See Myrtle.] MYRUS, n. [add.] The Anguilla myrus. MYSELF', pron. [add.] Sometimes used in the third person ; as, I am sensible I talk, too much when j/i^/^e^fis the sub- ject. [Swift.] mIS;}^^^-^^- t^^-"^'-i MYSELVE',t \t>ron. Myself. [Chau- MYSELV'EN.f f cer.] MY'SIS, n. Tlie opossum-shrimps, a genus of crustaceans belonging to the order Stomapoda. M Y S T A G O 6 ' I €, a. Same as My - STAGOGICAL. M Y S ' T A G O 6 Y,t n. [See Mysta- GOGUE.] The interpretation of myste- ries. MYS'TERIE.t n. [See Mystery.] Pro- fession; trade, or calling, [Spenser.'\ MYS'TERY, n. [add.] In the early part of the middle ages, a kind of rude drama of a religious cliaracter, called a mystery or miracle, because it repre- sented the mysterious doctrines of Christianity or its early miracles. Tlie mysteries were superseded by the mo- ralities. MYS'TIG, n. One of a religious .sect who profess to have direct intercourse with the Spirit of God ; one imbued with mysticism ; one professing a sublime devotion. ]MYS'TIOISM,n. [add.] In metaphysics, mysticism, whether in the Vedas, in the Platonists, or in the Hegel ians, is neither more nor less than ascribing objective existence to the subjective creations of the mind's own faculties, to mere ideas of the intellect ; and believing that, by watching and contemplating these ideas of its own making, it can read in them what takes place in the world without. [J. S. MilVs Loqic] MYS'TIFICATOR, n. One who mysti- fies. MYS'TIFY, V. t [add.] To render ob- scure or difficult. MYTH, n. [add.] A fictitious or fanciful narrative ; having an analogy, more or less remote, to some real event. MYTH-HISTORY, n. History inter- spersed with fable. MYTHICALLY, adv. By means of mythical fables or allegories. MYTHOL'OGEK, n. A mythologist. N. NaIe } No; not. [Scotch.] NA, for No. [Chancer.] NAB'BY, n. A fisherman's boat; a yawl. NACK ER. See Nacre. NACODAll', n. The captain of an Arab vessel. N'ADDE, for Ne hadde. Had not. {Chaucef.] NAE'THING, n. Nothing. [Scotch.] NAIG, n. A nag. [Scotch.] NAIL'-BRUSH, n. A small brush for cleaning the nails. NAlLE,t n. A nail. — Bu Goddes nailes, by God's nails; that is, the nails by ■which Christ was nailed to the cross. An oath. [Chaucer.] NaIN, a. Own.— His nain, his own. [Scotch.] NAIN'SELL, n. Ownself. [Scotch:] NAIVE, a. (niiev.) [add.] Ingenuous ; artless; having native simplicity. NAIVETE, n. (na'-ev-ta'.) NAKE,t ". '■ [See Naked.] To malte naked ; to lay bare ; to strip of cover- ing. [Chaucer.] NAKE,t w. i. To be bare, or without cover. NA'KED, a. [add.] Destitute; witho/; its, naked of friends. [Driiden.] NAK'EK FEL'SPAR, ?i. A species of felspar, called also adularia,—whichsee. NA'KERS, t )«• pl- [Fr.] A kind of NA'KERES,t i kettle-drums. [Chau- cer.] NALE.f At the nale, atte note, a cor- ruption of aiten ale; th.it is, at the ale-house. [Chaucer.] N'AM, for Ne asi. Am not. [Chaucer.] NAMA'TION, n. In law, the act of distraining, or taking a distress. NAME,t pret. of Nime or Nim. (nam.) Took ; took away ; stole. [Chaucer.] NAMELESSLY, adv. In a nameless manner. NAN'DU, n. The South American os- trich (Rhea aniericana). NANE, «. No; none. [Scotch.] NAPE'-€REST, n. A genus of African birds (Chizajris), allied to the plantain- eaters, and resembling them in habit. NAPH'TALASE. See Naphthalase. NAPHTAL'ie ACID. .See Napii- THALic Acid. NAPUTAL'IDAM, n. A chemical base formed by the action of sulphuretted hydrogen, aided by ammonia, on an al- coholic solution of nitronayhtalase. It forms white crystallizable salts with all the acids, NAPHTHAL'AMIDE.H. For "chang- ed into naphthalamide,*' read changed into naphthalimide. NAP'OLITE, n. A blue mineral from Vesuvius. NAPPE, t V. i. To sleep; to nap [Chaucer.] NAP'PY, n. Ale. [Scotch.] NAP'PY, a. Tipsy; elevated with drink. [Scotch.] NAR, pre)). Near. [Scotch.] NARCISSUS, n. [add.] In myth., a 27.3 beautiful youth who was so en.amoured of his own image as seen in a fountain, that he pined away, and was changed into the flower called by his name. NAReO(i'ENINE, n. [Gr. .«!s.i, tor- por, and ymuai, to produce or generate. ) A substance formeil, along with opianio acid, when narcotine is not so far oxi-. dized as to yield cotarnine. Two equi- valents of narcotine with five equival- ents of oxygen yield two equivalents of narcogenine, one equivalent of opianic acid, and three of water. NARCOT'ICO-ACRID, a. In med., acrid-narcotic, a term denoting a com- bination of acrid and narcotic proper- ties. Strychnia and nux-vomica possess narcotico-acrid qualities. NAR€OT'IRES,t "• p''""- for Nar- cotics. [Chaucer.] NAKCOTlNie ACID, n. An acid formed when narcotine is heated with potash. It is unknown in a separate form. NARDOS'TACHYS.H. [Gr. .««»«, and tT^X"'' ^ spike.] Spikenard, a genus of plants, nat. order Valerianaceie. [See Nard, Spirenard.] NARDUS. See Nard. NARRATE', instead of NAR'RATE, t). t. , NARRATED, instead of NAR • RATED, VP. . „.„. NARRATING, instead of NAR - RATING, ppr. NARRE,t for Nearer. [Spenser.] NATHEMORE NAUCLEA NEB-NEB NARROW, a. fadd.] Figuratively, limited as to means; straitened; small; a% a narroie fortune ; narrow circum- stances. NAU'KOW-MINDEDNESS, n. Con- fined views or sentiments; illiberality. NAK'KOW-SOULED, a. Illiberal; ^oid of generosity. NAR'KUW-SPHKRED, a. Having a narrow sphere. [^(J>'- w^'-i NAR'THEX, 71. [add.] A genus of plants, the Ferula of Linn., which in- cludes the asafetida plant. [See Asa- fl;tii)A, Ferula.] NAR'WE.t a. Narrow; close. — As an adverb, narrowly; closely. [Chaitcer.] ^ AS,t for Ne was. Was not. [Chancer.] N A'S AL, a. [add.] Nasal fossce, in aiuxt., the two cavities which constitute the internal part of the nose. — ■ Nasal duct, a sliort canal leading; from the lacrymal sac to the inferior meatus of the nose. NA'SAL,n.[add.]That part of a helmet which *"™" covers the nose. It fell into disuse in the 12th century, probably from the in- convenient hold it afforded the enemy of the wearer in battle. A similar piece fitted on the helmet is still used by some of the tribes of Hindostan. NASA'LIS, V, A genus of monkeys, eontainiiif; tlje curious Bornean long- nosed monkey ; called also proboscis vionkey. NASAI/ITY, n. (s as z.) The state or quality of being nasal. >;A'SALIZED,i>/>. orrt. (A-asz.) Ren- dered nasal, as sound. NA'SALLY, adv. {s as z.) In a nasal manner; by the nose. NASE BERRY-BATS, n. Fruit-eating bats, of the genus Artibeus, so called in the West Indies, from their favourite food being the fruit of the naseberry or nispero [Achras sapota)^ one of the richest and most agreeable West Indian fruits. NASH'-GAB, n. Insolent talk; imper- tinent chatter. [Scotch.'\ NAS'SA, /(. A genus of moUusca, in which the shell is small ; the spire lon- ger than the aperture; the inner lip greatly dilated, thickened, and often with a prominent margin; the right lip often wrinkled, and the operculum horny. They abound in the south of Europe. Family Mui'icidie. NASUA, 71. [L, 7iasus, a nose.] The cuati, a genus of plantigrade mam- malia, distinguished by the elongation and upward curve of tlie snout. They are natives of the warm climates of America. They climb trees in pursuit of birds, and burrow at the foot of large trees, and often undermine them. NAT,t for Nut. {Chaucer.'] K A'TAL, a. [add.] Presiding over birth or nativity; as, ?io(a/ Jove. [Chaitcer.] N A'TANTLY, adv. Swimmingly; float- ingly. NATATORIAL, a. Swimming, or adapted to swimming; a term applied to such birds as habitually live upon the water. NATCH-BONE, n. The rump-bone of an o\. NA TES, H. pUtr. [From L. 7iatis.] The buttocks. NATHE'LESS, ) ado. Nevertheless. NATII'LESS, ) [Scotch.] NATH'EM()UE,trtf/y. 6eeNATiiMOHE. Not the more. [Spenser.] NAT'ICA, 71. [L. nato, to swim.] A genus of mollusca, in which the shell is globose and ventricose, the operculum shelly, the umbilicus open, with a cen- tral gibbous ridge or prominence. The species are numerous. NA'TION, 11. [add.] A family. [Chau- cer.] NA'TION, adv, A''ery; extremely; as, a natio7i long way. [ Vuhjar.] NATIONAL CHURCH, n. The Pro- testant church of England, of which the sovereign is the head and supreme governor. NA'TIONALIST, ». In theoi, one who holds to the election of nations, in contradistinction to that of indivi- duals. NATIONALITY, n. [add.] An undue partiality to one'.s own nation, or coun- trymen. NA'TIVE, n. [add.] In itat. hist, plants and animals are said to be iiatives of that country or place from which they originally came. Thus, the guinea- pig and the potato are 7iatives of South America. — The best oysters are called 7iatives, at least in London. NA'TIVE, a. [add.] Natural. [Spenser.] NA'TIVES, n. plur. Among oTjster- fishers, ifcc, the name given to the small oveate, deep-shelled variety of oysters, of which those of the river Crouch and Burnham are pre-eminent. NA'TRIX, n. [L.] A subgenus of the colubri of Linn., of which the common harmless snake. Coluber natrix, is a type. NAT'TER, V. I. To chatter peevishly. [Scotch.] NAT'TY, «. Neat; tidy; nice; spruce. [Provincial.] NAT URAL, a. [add.] Natural affec- tio7i, that love which one has for his family and kindred. — Natural allegi- ance, that perpetual attachment which is due from all natural born subjects to their sovereign. — Natural libei'ty. [Ste Liberty.] — Natural persons, in law, such as we are formed by the Deity, opposed to ai'tificial persons, who aro formed into corporations by human laws, for purposes of society and go- vernment. — Natu7'al rights, those relat- ing to life and liberty. — Natural horn subjects, those that are born within the dominions of the crown of England: that is, witliin the allegiance of the so- vereign. — Natural science is the science of organic bodies, in contradistinction to physical science, which is the science of inorganic bodies. NAT'URALISM, n. [add.] The doc- trine of those wlio deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in the grace which renews and sanctifies men. NATURALIZA'TION, h. [add.] By the Act 7 and 8 Vict., c. 6G, naturaliza- tion can be effected witliout an act of parliament, and various privileges may be granted to aliens which were denied them by former acts. [.See Amen in this Supp.] NA'TURE, 71. [add.] An intelligent being; as, I drew near witli that re- verence which is due to a superior na- ture. [Addison.] — Natural or wild state; as, beasts of nature. — Law of natu)-e. [Sec Law.] NA'TUKE, a. Natural; as 7iature grass, nature hay. [Scotch.] NAU'CLEA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Rubiaceie. The species are mostly trees, natives of India and Africa. N. cadainba flourishes about Calcutta and a74 Malabar, where it grows to be a very large tree, and is ornamental and very useful, from the extensive shade it af- fords. N. cord/folia is prized on ac- count of its wood, which is light and durable where it can be kept dry. NAUGHT, adv. [add.] Not ; not at all. [Chaucer.] ^A\]R,prep. Near. [Scotch.] NAU'SEANT, h. A substance which produces nausea. NAUTCH, n. In the East Indies, an entertainment which consists chicHy in witnessing dancing as performed by nautch-girls. N AUTCH'-GIRL, n. In the East hidies, a native daneing-girl or courtezan. NAU'TICAL, a. [add.] Nautical dis- tance, in 7iavigaiion, the rhumb-line intercepted between any two places through which it passes, is called tlieir nautical distance ; or the nautical dis- tance is the line which, with the meri- dian-lines, makes the angle called the course. — Nautical 7nife. [See Mile in this Supp.] NAVE, H. The navel. [Shak.] NA'VEL, n. [add.J Navel-bolt, in ships, the bolt which secures a carronade to its slide. NA'VELLED, a. (na'vld.) Furnished with a navel. NAVIES, \h. plur; si/ig. Navy. A NAVVIES, J colloquial term applied to labourers who work in the formation of railways. [See Navigators.] NAVIGABIL'ITY,H. The state or con- dition of being navigable; navigable- ness. NAVIGA'TOR, n. [add.] In the region about the Red Sea, the Arabian Gulf, &c., this appellation is specially given to a European who works a ship under the nominal orders of an Arabian or East Indian nacodar, — which see in this Surp. NAVY. See Naviks in this Supp. NA'VY-BILLS, n. Bills dra\vn by offi- cers of the royal navy for their half- pay, &c. NAY,f V. i. To be averse or un\villing. NAY,t V. t. [add.] To deny. [Cltaucei:\ NAZARE AN, \n. One of a sect of Ju- NAZARENE', j daizing Christians in the 2d century, who observed the laws of Moses, and rejected the commonly- received gospels, holding a peculiar one of their own. N.B. An abbreviation for L. nota bene, mark well. NE,t adv. [add.] Ne had, had not. [Chaucer.] NE,f rovj. Nor. [Cliaucer.] NEAR, a. Close; narrow; niggardly [Scotch.] NEAR, adv. [add.] In marine Ian., in steering a vessel, implies close to the wind. It is opposed to o^. NEAR'-HAND,a. Near;nigli.[5co(cA.l NEAR'-HAND, adv. Near-at-hand ; nearly; almost. [Scotch.] NEAT -CATTLE, n. Oxen and cows; black cattle. NEAT'-LAND, n. In lair, land let out to the veomanry. NEAT'S'-FOOT OIL, n. The oil ob- tained by boiling calves' feet. NEBA'LTA, n. A genus of entomostra- cous Crustacea, belonging to the order Phyllopoda, and containing two or more interesting British species. NEB'BILL, 71. Nose; point of anytliing. [Scotch.] N EB'BIT, pp. or a. Having a beak or nose. [Scotch. | NEB'-NEB, H. In the East Indies, the NECESSITY NEESE NEMINE CONTRAOISCENTE rind or shell whioh surrounda the fruit of the Mimosa cineraria j called also bablah. KEB'ULA, n. [add.] Sir W. Herschel distinguishes nebulie into — (1.) Clusters of stars, in which the stars are clearly distinguishable, and these again into globular and irregular clusters. (2.) Resolvable nebulae, or such as excite a suspicion that tliey consist of stars, and which any increase of the optical power of the telescope may be expected to re- solve into distinct stars. (3.) Nehnl(S, iiroperly so called, in which there is no appearance whatever of stars, which again have been subdivided into subor- dinate classes, according to their brightness and size. (4.) Planetary iiebulfp, whiirh have, as their name im- ports, exactly the appearance of planets, and which, whatever be their nature, must be of enormous magnitude. (5.) Stellular nebulae, which are of a round or oval figure, increasing in density towards the central point ; but the con- densation of the nebulous matter to- wards the centre is great and sudden ; so sudden, indeed, as to present the ap- pearance of a dull and blotted star, or of a star with a slight burr round it. (6.) Nebulous stars. [See Nebulous in this Supp.] NEB'ULAR, a. [add.] Nebular hypo- thesis, a celebrated hypothesis framed by Laplace, which supposes that the bodies composing the solar system once existed in the form of a nebula; that this had a revolution on its own axis from west to east ; that, by the effect of gravity, the matter composing the nebula gradually became condensed towards the centre; that the exterior portions thus had the velocity of their revolution increased, until, by the cen- trifugal force, they were separated from the mass, and left behind in the form of a ring; that thus the material of each of the planets was separated, while the main body was condensed towards the centre, forming the sun; and, finally, that each of the planetary rings, by a similar process, was condensed into the planet, depositing in the meantime rings, out of which its secondaries were formed. NEB ULOSE, a. Misty ; cloudy ; foggy ; nebulous. NEBULOS'ITY, n. [add.] In astron., a name given to the faint, misty appear- ances surrounding certain stars. NEB;UL0US, a. [add.] In astron., per- taining to, or having tiie appearance of a nebula. — Nebulous stars, those which present the appearance of a sharp and brilliant star, surrounded by a perfectly circular disc, or atmosphere, of faint light in some cases, dying away on all sides by insensible gradations ; in others, almost suddenly terminated. NE€A'TION,t n. [L. neco, to kill.] The act of killing. NECE,fn. A niece ; a cousin. [Chaucer.] NECESSARY, a. [add.] Necessary matter of a proposition, in logic, denotes the essential or invariable agreement of its terms. NECES SITY, n. [add.] Doctrine of necessity, that scheme which represents all human actions and feelings as links in a chain of causation, determined by laws in every respect analogous to those by which the physical universe is go- verned. — Necessity, in law, is detined to be a constraint upon the will, whereby a person is urged to do that which his judgment disapproves, and which, it is to be presumed, his will (if left to itself) would reject. A man, therefore, is excused for those acts which are done through unavoidable force and com- pulsion. NECK'-PIECE,n. An ornament or de- fence for the neck. NE€ROLOG'I€, a. Same as Necro- LOQICAL. NECROMANCER, n. [add.] One who uses enchantments or practises sorcery. This is now the more usual sense. NECROPH'AGANS, >». [5fe Necro- NECROPH'AGA, f phagous.] A family of clavicorn beetles, compre- hending those which feed on dead and decomposing animal substances. NEe'ROFHOBY, n. [Gr. nz^ef, dead, and c[>o^'.a>, to fear.] A horror of dead bodies. NEeROS€OP'ieAL,a. Same as Ne- CROSCOPIC. NECTAR, n. [add.] In hot., the honey of a flower ; the superfluous saccharine matter remaining after the stamens and pistils have consumed all that they require. NECTA'RIAL, «. Pertaining to the nectary of a plant. NECTARINl'AD.E, n. A family of slender-beaked passerine birds, com- prising the honey-suckers, all of which are foreign. [See Uonet-Sugrers in this Supp.] NECTA'RIUM, n. See Nectary. NECTU'RUS, Ji. A genus of reptiles, placed by Cuvier between the axolotls and the proteii of Laurenti. They are found in the great North American lakes. NEDE,f n. Need; necessity. NEDE,f V. t. To need; to want; to lack; to require. — It is often used im- personally; as, it nedcth him, it nedcd him; that is, he needeth or needed. \ Chaucer.] NEDE^EULjf a. Distressed; indigent; needy. [Chaucer.] NEDE'LY,f adv. Necessarily. [Chau- cer.] NKDES,f )adv. Necessarily. Usually NEDE,f f joined with must.[Chaucer.] N E E ' B O R, n. or a. A neighbour ; neighbourine-. [Scotch.] NEE'DLE-B"00K, n. Pieces of cloth in the form of the leaves of a book, pro- tected by covers like those of a book, used for sticking needles into. NEE DLED, 2>P- or a. Done with or having a needle; crystallized in the form of needles. NEE'DLK-FURZE, n. A plant; petty whin. NEE'DLE-GUN, ?i. [Ger. Zund-nadei- gewchr. Burn needle-gun.] A gun which is loaded at the breech by a cartridge, on one end of which is stuck a patch of detonating powder, which becomes ex- ploded by the rapid darting forward of a needle. NEE'DLY, a. Relating to, or resembling NEED'NA. Need not [Scotch.] NEEL.f n, [Dan. naael.] A needle. [Shak.] NEELD,f M. Same as Neel. [Shah.] NEEPS, n. Turnips. [Scotch.] NE'ER-BE-LICKIT. Nothing which could be licked up by dog or cat ; no- thing whatsoever; not a whit. [Scotch. \ NE*ER-DO-WEEL, a. Past mending. [Scotch.] IS E'ER-DO-WEEL,n. One whose con- duct gives reason to think that he will 7uyer do well. [Scotch.] NEESE, n. The nosp. [Scotch.] 'J75 I NEEVE, 71. The fist. [See Neive.I ' [Sjotrh.] NEGA^TION, n. [add.] Co7iversion by negation, in logic, a mode of illative conversion, or conversion by contra- position; as, for example, "Every poet is a man of genius ; therefore, he who is not a man of genius is not a poet." NEG'ATIVE, n. [add.] A decision or answer expressive of negation; as, the question was determined in the ?iega- tive. NEG'ATIVE, a. [add.] Negative preg- nant. [See tlie Noun.] NEGOTIABII/ITY, n. Quality of being negotiable, or transferable by in- dorsement. NEGO'TIABLE, a. [add.] Negotiable iristruments, in law, those instruments the right of action upon which is by exception fi-om the common rule, freely assignable from one to another, such as bills of exchange and promissory notes. NEGO'TIATORY, a. Relating to ne- gotiation ; that may be negotiated. NE'GRO, a. Relating to negroes ; black. NE'GRO-CACHEX'Y, n. [See Ca- chexy.] A propensity for eating dirt, peculiar to the natives of the West Indies and Africa. NEGRO-FLY, n. The Psila roste, a dipterous insect, so named from its shining black colour. It is also called the carrot-fly, because the larv.Te are very destructive to carrots. NE'GRO-HEAD, n. A name given to tobacco, made up and twisted in a cer- tain way. NE'GROLOID, a. [Negro, and Gr. iiiog, resemblance. | Pertaining to men who have a resemblance to negroes. NEIGHE.fa. Nigh; near. [Chaucer.] NEIGHEjf adv. Near in place or time; almost. [Chaucer.] NEIGHE, V. t. or i. To approach; to come near to ; to advance ur draw near. [Chaucer.] NEIRS, > rpi , ., ro . / 1 NKFFiS i "• The kidneys. {Scotch.] NEIST, arfu. Next. [Scotch.] NEIST, a. Nighest; next. [Scotch.] NEI'VIE-NICK-NACK, h. A sort of lottery fireside game among children, which consists in whirling the two closed fists round each other, the one containing the prize and the other empty, while the performer repeats the rhyme — Kcivie, neivie, niclc-iiiick. Winch hand will \ou tiik'? Tak' the riglit, tnk' the wraug, I'll beguile you if I can. IScotch.'] NEM'ALITE, n. [Gr. **,,««, a thread or fibre, and ?jBos, a stone.] A mineral occurring in slender fibres, wliieh are elastic, sometimes curved, and easily separated; the colour is white, with a shade of yellow, the lustre highly silky. It is a hydrate of magnesia. NEiMATOID'EA, i n. [Gr. ynf^», a NEMATOID'EANS,i thread. and K^of, resemblance.] Round wornis,an or- der of entozoa, comprising such as have a long cylindrical, and often filiform, naked,inarticulated body; and astraight alimentaiy canal extending from the mouth to the anus. NEMEO'BIUS, H. A genus of lepidop- terous insects of the family Erycinida?, which contains one British species, the N. lucina, or Duke of Burgundy but- terfly. NEM'INE CONTRADISCEX'TE. [L.] See the contracted form Nem, Con. NEPHROPS NESHE KEDRAL AXIS NEM'INE DISSENTIEN'TE.[L.l See Nhm. Cox. NE:\I0C ERA, n- [Gr. ..iu«, a thread, and »:!»«,-, a liorn.] A family of dipteroii-; insects, including such as have long filiform antenna?, composed of more than six joints. This family is com- posed of the genera Culex, and Tipula of Linn., or the gnats and crane flies. NEOLO'(iIAX, «. A neologist. NEOLO'OIAN, a. Relating to neology; neological. NEOLO (ilANISM. n. Neologism. KE0L'06lST, n. [add.] An innovator in theology; one who introduces ra- tionalistic views subversive of revealed truth. [ This is now the prevailintj sense.] NEOLOGIST'IC, \a. Relating to KEOLOGIST'ICAL, f neology; neo- logical. NEOL06lZA'TION, n. The act of neologizing. [Rare.] NEOL'OGV, H. [add.] Rationalistic views in theology subversive of revealed truth. The terra is applied especially to the new philosophical theology of i the Germans. [This is now the pre- vailing sense.] NEOME'MA, n. [Gr. »s.u^..] Time of new moon. NEOMOK PHA, n. [Gr. »e«, new, and fi^i^, form.] A genus of long-beaked birds, established by ^Ir. Gould on two supposed species from New Zealand, which Sir. Gray has proved to be one, and has n:\med N. Gouldii. KE ONISM, H. [Gr. na, new.] A new word. phra>e, or idiom. NEONO'MIAN, a. Relating to the Neonoraians. NEONO'MIANISM, n. The doctrine that the gospel is a new Jaw, of a gra- cious and remedial nature, the condi- tion whereof is imperfect, though sin- cere and persevering obedience. KEOPHILOS OPHER, n. A new phil- osopher, or a philosopher having new principles or views. NE'OPHRON, n, A genus of birds of the vulture family, one species of which is very common in Egypt, where it is called Pharaoh's chicken (^V. perc- nopterus). It has been shot in this country. NEOPLATONI'CIAN, n. Same as Neoplatonlst. NEOPLATONIST, n. A mystical philosopher of the school of Ammonias Saccus and Plotinus, who mixed some of the tenets of ancient Platonists with other principles, drawn from various sources, particularly from the demono- logy of the East. The Neoplatonists flourished in the 4th and 5th centuries of the Christian era. NE'PA, n. A genus of hemipterous in- sects of the family Hydrocorisa?, the species of which are populaiJy known as water-scorpions. NEPEN TUES, n. Pitcher-plant, a ge- nus of plants, nat. order Nepenthace;e. [See Nepentfiace^, and Pitcher.] NEPH'EW, n. [add.] A relative. [Shah.] — A nephew, according to the ci^'iJ-law, is in the third degree of con- sanguinity, but, according to the canon- law, in the second. NEPHEWES,tn.|>/«r.[5« Nephew.] Grandsons; descendants. [Spenser.] NEPHEWS, «. The Pope's children. NEPHROL'OGT, n. [Gr. «^*.-, and >.oya;. an account.] A description of the kidneys. NEPHROPS, n. [Gr. .s^j.r. and .r^, aspect.] A genus of long-tailed crus- taceae, allied to the lobster. The X. nortvegicus is occasionally brought to the London markets. NEPH'ROS. «. [Gr. ►i?;^-.] A kidney. NEPOTIST, 71. One who practises nepotism. NEPTUNE, n. A planet beyond the orbit of Uranus, and the remotest from the sun yet known in the solar system; discovered by Leverrier and Adams in 184G, by one of the most recondite of mathematical calculations ever per- formed to find a body which could ac- count for the long observed perturba- tions of Uranus. It revolves round the sun in lO^h years, and its mean dis- tance is 3003(>S times the distance of the earth from the sun. Its diameter is about 41,500 miles. NEPTUNIAN, a. [add.] Xeptunian theory, in geol., the theory of "Werner, which refers the formation of all rocks and strata to the agency of water; opposed to the Plutonic theory. NE QUID Nr.AHS. [L.] Not too much; let all excess be avoided. NER.f adv. Near. [Chaucer.] NERE.f arfi*. compar. Nigher; nearer. — AVre atid nere, nigher and nigher. — Ferre ne nere, later nor earlier. [Chau- cer.] NERE,t adv. [See Near.] Deeply.— To bi/te near, to pierce to the quick. [Spenser.] N'ERE,f for Ne were. Were not. — JVVre it, were it not. [Chaucer.] NE'RELD, «. A dorsibranchiate annel- lidan. NEREID EANS, \n. A family of dor- NEREIDE.E, f sibranchiateannel- lidans, of which tlie genus Nereis is the tvpe. NERFE,t », [Fr.] Nerve; sinew. [Chaucer.] NERI'TA, n. A genus of marine mol- lusca,inhabitingtheEastern and Amer- ican seas, the West Indies, ^loluccas, &c. One species, .V. pelodonta^ is called the bleeding - toothy from the red ap- pearance of the teeth on the inner lip. NERIT'ID.E. ) n. A family of the NERITA'CEA,J first order of trach- elipods, containing the genera Navi- cella, Natica, Nerita, and Neritina. The shells are distinguished by the smallness and flatness of the spire. NERITI'NA, n. A genus of fresh-water mollusca, found in the East and West Indies, the Isle of France, kc. Some of the species are found in English rivers, adhering to stones. NERVE, n. [add.] Respiratori/ nerves, 3, system of nerves which, according to the views of Sir C. Bell, minister to respiration. They arise from the me- dulla-oblongata, and are — (1.) The por- iio dura, or respu-atory of the face. (3.) The nervus vagus, or respiratory of the larynx. (3.) The glosso-phart/ngeal. (4.) The accessor// nerve, or superior respiratory. (5.) The phrenic, or great internal respiratory. (6.) The posterior thoracic, or external respiratory. — Sym- pathetic nerve. [See Sympathetic] NERVOUS, a. [add.] Possessed of energy; impressive; characterized by strength and vigour of sentiment; as, a nervous stvle. NERVOUSLY, adv. [add.] With weak- ness or agitation of the nerves. [Col- loquiaL] NERVOUSNESS, «. [add.] Weakness or agitation of the nerves. [Colloquial.] NESHjf a. [add.] Delicate; weak; poor- spirited. NESHE,t \a. [See Nesh.] Soft; ten- NESCH,t ) der. [Chaucer.] 276 NEST, 71. [add.] In geoh, an aggregated mass of any ore, or mineral, in an iso- lated state, within a rock. A nest of crucibles, paperboxes, iS:c., is a num- ber of such articles differing in size, so that one fits accurately within another. NEST,c.i. [add.] To harbour; to settle, as in a place of safety or retreat. [ Tern- pte.] NEST,i\ <. To place in a nest. [liar. us. NESTOR, n. A genus of birds of the parrot family, containing the Nestor productus, or Philip Island p.%rrot. It is now extinct. NESTO KI.\N, n. [add.] The Nesto- rians were the adherents of Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople in the 5th century, who was deposed and con- demned as a heretic for maintaining that the two natures in Christ were not so blended and united as to be un- distinguishable. The term is also ap- plied to those modern Christians of Persia and India who are the remains of the Nestorian sect. NESTO'RIAN, a. Relating to Nesto- rius. or to the Nestorians. NESTO RIAXISM, n. The doctrine of the Nestorians. NET, a. [add.] Neat; clean; as, net hands. [.>pen,?er.] NETE,| n. [See Neat.] Neat-cattle. [Chaucer.li NETHER -STOCKS, n. Stockings. [Shah.] NETHIXIM,n.p/iir Among the J'ncs, servants of the priests and Levites, em- ployed in the meanest offices about the temple. Erroneously written Neth- inuns. NETOP,ii. [Indian.] A friend or crony. [Local in the United States.'] NETT,t «■ [See Neat.] Clean; pure; as, a neti breast. [Spenser.] NETT'APUS, n. A srenus of web-footed birds .illied to the barnacle-geese, but of small size. It contains the Coro- mandel teal (.V. curomnndelianus), and the Madagascar teal (A", auritus). NETTED, pp. or a. Made into a net or net-work ; reticulated. — In hot.. covered with reticulated lines which project a little. NETTING, n. Instead of the words, "to hold the fore and main top-mast sails," insert, to hold the storm and fore-top-mast stay-sails. NET'TLE, n. [add.] Lar-jer stinging nettle, the Urtica dioica of Linn., which grows in India and Persia. It is poi- sonous, acrid, astringent, and diuretic. — Nettle in, dockout, a kind of proverbial saying expressive of inconstancy, but whence it originated is not very clear. [Chaucer.] NETTLE-BLIGHT, n. The .^cidium urtica^, a parasitic plant common on nettles. NET TLE-CREEPER, n. The local name for a bird, the greater petty- chaps (S'/lvia hortensis). NETTLES, n. Same as Ksittles. [Sk Knittle.] NETTY, a. Like a net ; netted. NEDK. n. .V nook; a corner. [SfO/cA.] NEURAL, 17. [Gr. fii;;»«. a nerve.) In anat., a term applied to the spinal cord, or to its protecting osseous, or cartila- ginous canal, in the vertebrata. NEU'R.-iX ARCH, n. In ana(, the arch of the vertebra which protects a corres- ponding segment of the neural axis. NEO'RAL AXIS, n. In anat., the cen- tral trunk of the nervous system ; some- times called the cerebrospinal oris. NEWT NIGELLA NISI PRIUS NEURAL'Gie, a. Pertaining to neu- ralgia. NEUKILEM'MA, ih [Gr. .i(,{o., a nerve, and >.tij,[j.x, a coat.] In anat,, tlie sheatli of a nerve. NEUROGRAPHY, n. [Gr. ,!„;„, and ■y^tt^u, to describe.] A description of the nppypg NEURO'SES, n. [Gr. .i,/;.., a nerve.] Nervous diseases. NEUROSTHEN'IA, n. [Gr. ,1^^,,, and ffflsva?, force.] An excess of nervous irri- tation ; an intlamniatory affection of tlie nerves. NEUROT'IGA, n. plur. Nervous medi- cines ; neurotics. NEUROTON'It'S, n. Medicines em- ployed to strengthen the nervous sys- tem. NEURYPNOL'OGlST, n. One versed in neurypnology, NEURYPNOL'OGY, k. [Gr. ,ivi„, a nerve, uv^6i, sleep, and /o>'Os, discourse.] An account of nervous sleep, considered in relation to mesmerism ; power of the soul over the body. NEO'TER, a. [add.] In hot., having neither stamens nor pistils. NEC'TEK, 7(. [add.] In hotany, a plant which has neither stamens nor pistils. NEU'TRAL AXIS, n. In mech., the neutral axis of a beam is the plane in which the tensile and compressing forces terminate, and in which the stress is therefore nothing. NEU'TRIA, ti. See Nutria. N^VE, n. A term of somewhat vague signification, but generally meaning that part of a glacier covered with per- petual snow. NEV'ELLED. See Knevelled in this Supp. NEV'EN,t V. i. [Dan. neeim-er.] To name. [CTiaucer.] NEV'EW,t n. [Ft. neveu.] A nephew; a grandson. [Chaucer.] NEV'OY, n. A nephew. [Scotch.] NEW,f adv. Newly ; lately ; recently. — To weiijh new in ponnd, to weigh anew in the balance. [Spe/iser.] NE\V'-BORNE,t a. New-born; re- cently born. [Spenser.] NEWE,t a. See New. | Chaucer.] NE WE,f adv. Newly. — Newe and jiewe, again and again. — All ?tew, of newCy newly ; lately. — AU new, anew ; afresh. [Chaucer.] NEWE,t I'. '. To renew. [Chaucer.] NE\V'ED,t pp. Renewed. [Chaucer.] ' NEW'ELL,t n. [See Newel.] A new thing ; a novelty. [Spenser.] NEW'-FANG'EL,t a. Desirous of new things. [Chaucer.] NEW -F.\NG'ELNESSE,t n. Incon- stancy; foolish desire of novelty. [Chau- cer.] NE\V'-FANG'LE,t a. Desirous of new things. NEW-FANGLED, a. [add.] New- fashioned ; apt to be engrossed with some novelty. [Scotch.] NEW'-FASH'ION,t a. Recently come into fashion ; new-fashioned. [Swift.] NEW-MAKE, V. t. To make anew. [Shak.] NEWS'ROOM, n. A room where news- papers are read. Magazines, reviews, &c., are generally admitted into news- rooms, as well as newspapers. NEWT, n. [add.] The newts are small batrachian lizards, belonging to the family Salamandridai. The great water- newt is the Triton palustrin, which abounds in the ponds and ditches of this country. It is about six inches in length. The common water-newt is Newt, Triton aqu'itictis. the Triton aquaticus, and is much smaller than the preceding. NEW- YEAR, a. Relating to the be- ginning of the year. NEX'liSLE, a. [L. nexibills.] That may be knit together. NEXTE,ta.s«peW.Nigliest. [CAflMCer.] N'HATH.t for Ne hath. Hath not. [Chaucer.] NICE, a. [add.] Decisive ; critical ; as, a nice moment. [Vryden.] NICED,t n. A. breast-cloth; a light wrapper for the breast or neck. NICETEE,tn. Nicety;folly. [Chaucer.] NICH'ED, a. Placed in a niche. NICH'ER,^ V. i. To neigh; to laugh in NICK'ER, ) a loud and ridiculous manner. [Scotch.] NICHT, n. Night. [Scotch.] NICK'ING, ppr. Hitting; touching luckily; notching; making an incision in a horse's tail to make him carry it higher. NICK'ING,?!. In farriery, an operation performed on the tail of a horse, to make him carry it better. NICK'-NACKETS, n. Nick-nacks; trinkets ; small - wares ; gimcracks. [Scotch.] NICK'-STICK, n. K notched stick ; a tally. [Scotch.] NICK'UM, n. A wag; one given to mischievous tricks. [Scotch.] NICOTIANAPERSICA, n. Tobacco of Shiraz. It is much more fragrant and agreeable than the common tobac- co, and forms the finest Persian to- bacco. NICOTIA'NA RUSTie-4, n. Syrian tobacco, which grows in the Levant. It forms the Turkish, Syrian, and La- takia tobaccoes. NICTITATE, f. !. To wink ; to nic- tate. NIDAMENT'AL, a. [L. nidus, a nest.] Pertaining to the nests of birds; relat- ing to the protection of the egg and young ; applied especially to the organs which secrete the materials of which many animals construct their nests. NID'ULATE, a. In bot., the same as NiDULANT. NIECE, n. [add.] A grand-daughter. [Shak.] NI'ENT COMPRISE. Not contained. In law, an exception taken to a petition, because the thing desired is not con- tained in the deed or proceeding upon which the petition is founded. NI'ENT CULPABLE. Not guilty. A plea in criminal prosecutions. NIEF, n. Afist. [Shah.] NIEVE, n. The fist. [Scotch.] NIEVE'FU', n. A handful. [Scotch.] NIF'FY-NAF'FY, \a. Fastidious; con- NIFF'-NAF'FY, jceited; troublesome about trifles. [Scotch.] NIF'LES,t "• A sort of veil. NIG'ARD,t n. A niggard. [Chaucer.] NIG'ARDlE.t n. Nigardliness. [CAaii- cer.] NIGEL'LA, ?!. Fennel-flower, a genus of annual plants, nat. order Ranuncu- lace;u. The seeds of A^. satica and N. 277 arvensis were formerly used instead of pepper, and are said to be still exten- sively used in adulterating it. NIG'GAR, n. A niggard; a miser. [Scotch.] NIG'GER, n. A negro. [ Vulgar. |— 2. A species of holothuria. so called by the Cornish fishermen. It is very common in deep water off the Deadmen. — 3. A local name for the larva of the saw-fiy (Athalia spinarum), so destructive to the turnip-crop. NIGHT, n. [add] Good-nicjht,Uvev.e\\\ a term expressive of a friendly wish on taking leave, or separating at night. NIGHT'-BREEZE,?!. Abreeze blowing in the night. NIGHT'- CAP, n. [add.] A canf term for a glass of warm toddy, k.c., taken be- fore going to bed. NIGHT'-COWL, ) «. A night -cap. NICHT' -COWL, ( [Scotch.] NIGHT'ERTALE,t n. [Sax. nihtcrn, nocturnal, and dcel, portion.] The noc- turnal portion of the day ; the night- time. [Chaucer.] NIGHT -FLIER, n. An insect or bird that flies in the night. NIGHT'-MAGISTRATE, n. A con- stable of the night ; the head of a watch- house. NIGIIT'-MASK, n. A nocturnal mask or visor. NIGHT'-SEASON, n. Tlie time of night. [Psalms.] NIGHT'-SPEL.t n. [Nhjht, and spell, a charm.] A night-charm ; a charm against the nightmare. [Chaucer.] NIGHT'-SWEAT, n. A sweat or per- spiration in the night. NIGHT'-WALKERS, n. In law, vag- rants; pilferers; disturbers of the peace. NIG'RITUDE.n. [L. niijritudo.] Black- Nl'HIL AL'BUM,n. [L. white nothing.] In chein.,CL name formerly given to the flowers or white oxide of zinc. NIL DESPER AN'DUM. [L.] Let there be no despair. N'ILL,t for Ne will. Will not. [Chau- cer.] NIL'OSeOPE, n. Same as Nilometer, — which see. NlLOT'ie, a. Pertaining to the river Nile in Egypt. NIM'BOSE,a. [L. nimbus, a ram-cloud. J Cloudy; stormy; tempestuous. [Rare.] NINE'-KILLER,?!. Inthe United States, the popular name of the northern but- cher-bird {Lanius septentrionalis). The name nine-hiller is derived from the popular belief that this bird catches and impales nine grasshoppers in a day. NINE'-PINS, n. [add.] This game is also called American bowls; and the place where it is played is called a bowlintj- alley. NINE'TEEN, n. One less than twenty. NINE'TY, n. Eighty and ten. NIN'EVEH MARBLES,". The collec tion of Assyrian antiquities procured by Mr. Layard at the site of Nineveh, and deposited in the British Museum. NINTH'LY, adv. In the ninth place. NIP'PERING, ppr. In marine Ian., fastening two parts of a rope together, in order to prevent it from rendering. —Nippering the cable, fastening the nippers to the cable. [See Nippers.] NIP'PLE n. [add.] 3. That part of a percussion -lock over which the cap is placed. . ,, NIRLES, n. A popular name of the Herpes phlyctanodes,oT miliary herpes of Bateman. , ,,. . NI SI PRI'US, n. [add.] Nisi-prtus re- NOBLE LIVER-WORT NOISE NONAGE cord, au instrument in the nature of a commission to the judges at nisiprius, for the trial of a cause. K'ISTE.t for Ne wiste. Knew not.— N'i^en, for A'e icisten, plur., knew not. [Chaucer.] I NITEL'LA, n. A genus of fresh-water \ algae, nat. order Characeee. Four spe- cies have been described as inhabitin; Great Britain ; they are found in pools j and rivulets. NlTR.iS, n. A nitrate. NITRIC OXIDE, n. Same as Nitrois G.is. ^See Nitrous.] NITR06E'NE0US, a. See Nithooe- KOCS. NI'TR06ENIZED, a. Containing ni- trogen ; azotized. — Xitrogeni zed foods, nutritive substances containing nitro- gen, and supposed to be the only sub- stances capable of being converted into blood, and of forming organic tissues. They have been termed by Liebig the plastic elements of nutrition. — Kon- nitrooeni zed foods are such as contain no nitrogen, and supposed to be incapable of forming organized or living tissues. ' According to Liebig, their function is to promote the process of respiration, and hence he terms them elements of respiration. Nl'TRO-HYDKOCHLO'RIC ACID, n. Nitro-muriatic acid, or aqua-regia. [See NiTKO-JIuRHTic] NI'TRO-NAPH TALASE, /!. See Ni- tro-Naphth.vl.4se. NrTRO-N.\PH TALEISE, u. A crys- talline compound formed when naph- thaline is added, in small quantities, to a large mass of hot nitric acid. .-Vn acid teTmednitro-naphtaleisicacidis formed from it. NITRO-NAPH'TALESE, n. See Ni- TRO-NArHTH.\LESE. NITRO-NAPHTALESie ACID, n. An acid formed from nitro-naphtalesc, by boiling it with tincture of potash. NI TKO-NAPU TALISE, n See Ni- TRO-NAPHTHAtlSE. NITRO-NAPHTALI'Sie ACID, n. An acid formed fiom nitro-naphtalise, by boiling it with tincture of potash. NI'TRO-SULPHU'REOCS, a. Con- taining nitre and sulphur. NITROUS POWDER, n. A combina- tion of nitrate of potash with tartar- emetic and calomel. NI'TRUM FLAM MANS, n. [L.] Ni- trate of ammonia, so named from its property of exploding when heated to G(I0°. NI'TURET, n. A substance consisting of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon, with one atom of nitrogen. NITZ'SCHIA, n. In bot., a genus of Diatomaceae, with free elongated com- pressed frustules, and linear-keeled valves. ^ NIVOSE, n. [Fr.] The name given in the French revolutionary calendar to a winter-month, beginning December 21 and ending January 19. NIZ.\M', 7i. In tlie East Indies, the title of the governor of a province, or of a sovereign prince. NO, n. A denial ; the word of denial ; a vote, or one who votes in the negative ; as, the noes have it. NO BLE,+ V. t. To enoohh.—Xobledest, pret, second pers. sing, of Noble. En- nobled^t. [Chaucer.] NOBLE, a. [add.] i\o6/e mf(afe, aname given to gold, silver, and platinum. NO'BLE LIV ER-WORT, n. A plant, a species of lichen, esteemed good for curing the ringworm. NO'BLE-MINDED, a. Possessed of a uoble mind. NOBLE-SPIRITED, a. Having an ex- cellent spirit. NO'BLESS,t "■ Nobility; noblemen collectively. [See Noblesse.] NO'BLEY,t 1. Noblesse. [Chaucer.] NO'CENT,+ n. One who is criminal. NO'CENTLY, adv. HurtfuUy; inju- riouslv. NOCHT, n. Nothing. [Scotch.] NOCK,t n. [add.] To notch; to cut into ; to place the shaft or arrow upon the notch. [Chaucer.] NOCTHOKA, n. A genus of South American quadrumanous animals allied to the slow lemurs. It is more gene- rally called Actus, and contains the douroucouli {Aotus tricirgatus). NO€TILIONI'N\E, n. A family of in- sectivorous cheiroptera, which are des- titute of nasal appendages. They are almost exclusively confined to tropical countries. The typical genus is Noc- tilio, which was placed by Linnicus among the glirine quadrupeds. NOCTIL Ue.\, n. [L noi, night, and luceo, to shine.] A minute genus of acalepha?, often seen on our own ' coasts, which, in size and appearance, much resemble a grain of boiled sago, or a little granule of jelly with a long stalk. These minute acalephae are phosphorescent; and the luminosity which appears at the surface of the sea during the night is due to them. NOCTU ID-E, n. An extensive family of nocturnal lepidopterous insects, corresponding with the Linnean sec- tion Phale. Would not. [Chaucer.] NOL LE PROS. Abbreviation of jVoWe prosequi, — ichich see. NO JL\, n. [Gr. ..,««» to eat.] Water- canker ; a species of sphacelus occurring generally in children. NOM'AD, ) n. [See Nom.vds.] One NOM'ADE, ( who leads a wandering or pastoral life. NOM'AD A, 71. A genus of bees, believed to be parasitic. Most of the species are quite smooth, and more or less ru- fous, with yellow spots. N0M'ADISM,7i. Wandering life ; state of a nomad. NOM'BRE,+ 71. [Fr.] Number. [Chau- cer.] NOMEN.f I i>p. of A''i77ie or Nim. NOME,+ ) Taken ; taken away ; stolen. [Chaucer.] NOMENfLA TOR, or NO'MEN- CLATOR. NOilENeL.A.'TURIST, 71. One who forms or is versed in nomenclatures. NOMINAL DEFINITION, 71. In logic, a definition which explains only the meaning of the term defined, by giving some equivalent expression which may happen to be better known. Such definitions are those usually found in a dictionary of one's own language. NOMIN.iLIS TIC, a. Relating to no- minalism. NOM INAL PARTNER, 71. In law, one who has not any actual interest in the trade or business, or its profits ; but, by allowing his name to be used, holds himself out to the world as apparently having an interest, and therefore be- comes responsible. NOM'INOR, 71. In law, one who nomi- nates. NOM OCANON, n. [Gr. ..u«, law. and «<3c>&ii, a rule.] .\ collection of canons and of imperial laws relative or confor- mable thereto; as, the nomocanon of Photius, patriarch of Constantinople. — Also, a collection of the ancient ca- nons of the apostles, councils, and fa- thers. NOMOGRAPHER, n. [See Nouo- GEAPHT.] One who writes on the sub- ject of laws. NOMOTHE'SY, n. [Gr. i.u..-, law, and -iSr.fu. to put, to place, or establish.] The institution of laws ; the publication of laws. NOMOTHETE. 71. A lawgiver. NOM PERE,T 71. [Supposed to be a corruption of an ompere, or a7i umpere. See Umpire.] An umpire; an arbi- trator. [Chaucer.] NON,f a. [See None.] Not one; none. [Chaucer.] NON,t adv. Not. — Absent or non, ab- sent or not. [Chaucer.] NON-A€CEP TANCE, 71. A refusal to accept. NON'-AC'ID, a. Not having the pro- perties of an acid. NON'-ACT, 71. A forbearance from action ; the contrary to act. NON-ADMISSION, 71. The refusal of admission. NON'AGE, 71. [L. 7i(77ia!7iH77i.] A ninth part of movables, which in former times was paid to the clergy, on the death of persons in their parish, and NONE-SPARING NOR NOTABILITY claimed on pretence of being distri- buted to pious uses. KON-AUENA'TXON, n. State of not being alienated. NON-APPOINT'MENT, n. Neglect of appointment. NONATEL'LIA, n. A genus of Ameri- can plants, nat. order Kubiace^e. A^. officinalis, or asthma-bush, is a native of Guiana, and is said to have a power- ful ^effect in subduing asthma. All parts of the plant, when bruised or dried, give out a slight aromatic odour. NON-AZ'OTIZED, a. Not containing azote or nitrogen. [See Non-Nitro- OENizED in this Sujyp.] NONCE, n. [add.] [A corruption of once, and anciently nTitten nones, or nin^s.] For the nonce, for the once; ^or the present call or occasion. NON-CEPIT, n. [L. he took not.] In /aw, a plea by way of traverse which occurs in the action of replevin. NON-CHALANT, a. (non-shalang'.) |Fr.] Indifferent; careless; cool. NON'-€OMMlS'SIONED, a. Not hav- ing a commission. — Non-commissioned officers, in the army, are those below the rank of ensign or cornet ; and in the navu, those below the rank of lieutenant. N0N;-€0M]MIT'TAL, n. \x\ American poliiics, a state of not being committed or pledged; forbearance of committing or pledging one's self. NON'-€OMMIT'TALISM,n.In^mer- zcan politics, the practice or doctrine of not committing or pledging one's self. NON'-€ON. In /aiy, an abbreviation of non-conformist, and also of non-con- tent. NON'-€ONeUR', r. i. To dissent, or refuse to concur. NON'-€ON€UR'RENCE, n. A re- fusal to concur. NON'-eONFORM'ING, a. Wanting conformity. NON'-€ONTENT', n. In tlie House of Lords, one who gives a negative vote, as not being satisfied with the measure. The word is sometimes abridged into non. con. NON'-DECIMAN'DO. [L.] In law, a custom or prescription to be discharged of all tithes, &c. NON'-DEMI'SIT. [L. he did not de- mise.] In Jaw, a plea resorted to where a plaintiff declares upon a demise, without stating the indenture in an action of debt for rent. — Also, a plea in bar, in replevin to an avowry for arrears of rent, that the avowant did not devise. NON'-DET'INET. [L.] In law, a plea by way of traverse, which occurs in the action of detinue. NONE,t w. [Fr.] The ninth hour of the natural day; nine o'clock in the morn- ing; the hour of dinner. \ChaucerA NON'-ELEe'TION,H. Failure of elec- tion. NON'-ELEe'TRIGAL, a. Same as Non-Electric. NONES. t For the nones, for the occa- sion. {Chaucer.} [6'ee Nonce.] — Note. Once was formerly written ones, and the phrase, /or the nones, is supposed to have been originally, /or /Ae ohcs, signifying for this once; or, this one thing, one occasion, or for an especial purpose ; but from the aptitude of many monosyl- lables beginning with a vowel, to as- sume the letter n as a prefix, the word ones is conjectured to have been cor- rupted into nones. NONE -SPAKING, a. See Non-Spar- ing. II. — Surp. NON'-EXPORTA'TION, n. A failure of exportation; a not exporting goods or commodities. NON'-FEA'SANCE, n. [Fr. faisance, from faire, to do.] In law, an offence of omission of what ought to be done. NON'-FULFIL'MENT, n. Neglect or failure to fulfil. NON'-IMPORTA'TION, n. Want or failure of importation ; a not importing goods. NON'-IMPORT'ING, a. Not bringing from foreign countries. NON'-JOIN'DER, n. In law, a plea in abatement, for the non-joining of a person as co-defendant. NON'-JU'RANT, a. Non-juring; Ja~ cobite. NON-MANUFAC'TURING, a. Not carrying on manufactures; as, non-ma- mifucturing states. NONNE,t 71. A nun. [Chaucer.] N0N-NIT'R06ENIZED, a. Not con- taining nitrogen, [See Nitrogenized in this Supp.] NON'-PARISH'IONER, n. One who is not a parishioner. NON'-PERFORM'ANCE, n. A failure to perform. NON'-PLUSS'ED,;)p. Puzzled; put to a stand. NON'-PLUSS'ING,;);)r. Confounding ; puzzling. NON'-PRODUC'TION, n. A faUure to produce or exhibit. NON'-PROS. [L. abbreviation of non- prosequitur.] In law, a judgment en- tered against the plaintiff in a suit when lie does not appear to prosecute. NON'-PROS'SED, a. Denoting a suit which is dropped; not prosecuted. — Also, when a non-suit or non-prose- quitur is offered, the plaintiff is said to be non-prossed. NON'-REGARD'ANCE, n. Slight; disregard. {Shak.\ NON'-RES'IDENT, n. [add.] lupar- ticular, a clergyman who lives away from iiis cure. NON'-RESIST'ING, a. Making no re- sistance ; offering no obstruction ; as, a non-resisting medium. NON'-SEQ UITUR. [L. it does not fol- low.] In law or logic, an inference or conclusion which does not follow from the premises. NON'-SUBMIS'SION, n. Want of sub- mission, NON'-SUBMIS'SIVE, a. Not submis- sive. NON'-TEN'UIT. [L. he did not hold.] In law, a plea in bar, in replevin, to avoury for arrears of rent, that the plaintiff did not hold in manner and form as tlie avowry alleges. NON'-TEN'URE, n. In law, a plea in bar to a real action, by saying that lie (the defendant) held not the land men- tioned in the plaintiff's count or de- claration, or at least some part thereof. NON'-TERM, n. In law, a vacation be- tween two terms of a court. NO ODDS, H. In low language, no dif- ference; no consequence; no matter. NOON, H. [add.] Apparent or real nooii, the time when the real sun, or the sun which appears, is on the meridian. It is opposed to mean-noon. [See Mean in this Supp.] NOON'TIDE- PRICK, n. Point of noon. [Shah.] NOOTU'S APPARA'TUS, n. A series of three glass vessels placed vertically, for the purpose of impregnating water with carbonic acid gas. NOR, conj. Tlian. \Scoich.] 279 NORDIIAU'SEN ACID, n. Fuming sulphuric acid, so named from the place where it is manufactured. NOR'ICE,t «. [See Noueice.] A nurse. [Chaucer.] NOR'ICE,t)n. [Fr. nourisson.] A NOR'IE,t J foster-child. [Chaucer.] NOR'LAN', \a. Northland; belong- NOR'L AND, ) ing to the north coun- try. [Scotch.] NORSI, n. [L. norma.] A rule ; a pat- tern ; a model. This Cliurch (tlie Roman) has established its own artificial norm, the standard measure of all srieiice. Theodore Parhr. NOR'MA, n. [L. a rule.] The Rule, a southern constellation, situated be- tween Scorpio and Lupus. NOR'MAL GROUPS, n. In geol., groups of certain rocks, taken as a rule or standard. NOR'MAL SCHOOL, n. An institution for training up persons to teach common schools. [See Normal.] NORNS,w./>/Hr. In Scandinavian myth., the three fates, past, present, nwd future, whose decrees were irrevocable. NOR'TELRIE,t n. [Fr. jwurriture.] Nurture; education. [Chaucer.] NORTU'-EAST'ERLY, a. Towards the north-east. NORTH'-EAST'ERN,a.Pertainingto, or being in the north-east, or in a di- rection to the north-east. NORTH'ERLINESS, ?i. The state of being northerly. NORTH'ERN, n. An inhabitant of the North, of a northern country, or north- ern part of a country. NORTH'MAN, h. plur. Northmen. A name given to the inhabitants of the north of Europe ; the ancient Scandina- vians; whence Norman. NORTH'WARDS, adv. Towards the north. NORTH'-WEST'ERLY, a. Towards the north-west; from the north-west, as a wind. NOSE, V. t. [add.] To twang through tlie nose ; as, to 7io.se a long prayer. [Coiclei/.] NOSE'-BAG, n. A bag to be tied to a iiorses nose, containing a feed of oats. NOSE'-BAND, n. That part of the head-stall of a bridle which comes over a horse's nose. NOSE'TllIRLES,! n. [Sax. See Nos- tril.] Nostrils. [Chaucer.] NOS'LES, ?j. j^li'r. See Nozzle. NOSTALGIC, a. Relating to nostal- gia; homesick. NOS'TOC, n. A vegetable jelly of a greenish colour, regarded by Linn, as a cryptogamic plant, and hence placed by him in the genus Tremella. Other naturalists regard it as belonging to the animal kingdom. It is frequent, espe- cially in sandy soils, and immediately after rain in summer, and is vernacu- larly called witches' butter, fallen stars, &c. It is edible. NOSTO:MA'NIA,n. [Gr. w^rof, return, and fzccuet, madness.] A morbid desire to return to one*s country, aggravated to madness. N'OT,t for Nj: wot. Know not; knew not. [Chancer.] NOTABE'NE. [L.] Mark well; ob- serve particularly; u^ed to point out something that deserves particular no- tice; commonly abbreviated to N.B. NOTABIL'ITEE,t n. [Fr.] Something remarkable; a thing worthy of obser- vation. [Clumcer.] NOTABIL'ITV, n. Notableness; a per- son or society of high or noble rank. 80 NOTIONAL NOVELRIES NTTLLTFICATION NOTABLE, 7^ [mid.] A person of note or distinction. — Lii^rrt/irr, the assembly of the notables before the revolution, consisted of a number of persons, chiefly of the higher orders, appointed by the king to constitute a representa- tive bodv of the kingdom. NOTAN'DA, n. plur. [L.J Things to be observed. NOT'AU, ». A notary. [Scotch-] NOTARIAL, rt. [add.] Notarial acts, those acts in the civil-law which require to be done under the seal of a notary, and are admitted as evidence in foreign courts. NOTA'RIALLY, adv. In a notarial manner. NOTCH, «. [add.] An opening or nar- row passage through a mountain or hill. \ United States.] NOTE, n. [add.] Knowledge. [Shak.]— Note of hand, a promissory note. — Note of a fine, a brief of a tine made by the ehirographer before it was engrossed. [Noic abolished.] — Notes, in law-courts, memoranda made by a judge on a trial, as to the evidence, and the points re- served, &c. A copy of the judu'e's notes is obtained from liis clerk, when a new trial is sought, to be used on the mo- tion. — To cry by note, to cry aloud ; to cry in a high tone. [Chaucer.] NOTE, V. t. [add.] To note a bill. This is done by a notary, who, w hen a per- son mil not accept or pay a bill of ex- change, &c., notes the fact on the back as the ground of a protest. NOTE,t H. [Ger. r,ot. See Need.] Need; business. [Chaucer.] NOTE'LESSNESS, n. A state of being noteless. NOTE'LET, n. A short note; a billet. NOTE'MUGE,tn. Nutmeg. [Chaucer.] NOTES,t n. phir. Nuts. [Chaucer:] NOT GUILTY, n. [add.] In Eng. law, a plea by way of traverse, which occurs in trespass, and trespass on the case ex-delicto. This plea in trespass, evi- dently amounts to a denial of the tres- passes alleged, and no more. In tres- l>asses on the case, it operates as a denial of the breach of duty, or wrong- ful act alleged to have been committed by the defendants. In criminal pro- ceedings both in England and Scotland, the plea of not guilty is the proper form wherever a prisoner means either to deny or to justify the charge in the in- dictmentj and by this plea the prisoner puts himself on the trial bv jurv. NOT'-HED,t H. Ahead like a nut; a round head. [Chaucer.] NOTH'EII,f conj. [Sax. ve, and other.] Nor; neither. [CJiaucer.] N'OTH'EKjfa.forNEOTHER. Neither n'other, nor one nor other. NOTIIINGA'RIAN, n. One who is of no particular belief or religious deno- mination. NOTH'INGISM, n. Nothingness. [Rar. n$.] NOTHOSAU'RUS, n. fGr. •«(»«, spuri- ous, and (rat-jjoE, a lizard.] A spurious kind of saurian, found in the shelly limestone, occurring in the middle of the sandy beds of the new red sand- stone formation. KOTICEABLY, adu. In a noticeable manner. NO'TICER, 71. One who notices. NO TION, n. [add.] Inclination. [Vul- gar.] NO TIONAL, a. [tvA^.] Notional words, according to Dr. Becker, tliose words which express notions or objects of the understanding, as verbs and noiuis, in distinction from rc/rtfifl7(rt/ words, which are either mere terminations of notional words expressing a relation between different objects, or separate words ex- pressing relation, as prepositions. NOTIOXATE. a. Notional; fonciful. NO'TIOXS, n. plur. Trifles; small wares ; as, a quantity of 7wtions is usu- ally placed on board American whaling sliips for barter. [This word is colio- guiaf. and only used by our Transatlan- tic friends. It seems to designate, chiefly, small novelties.] NOT6nE€'TA, n. [Gr. .^r^, the back, and »;a» to swim.] The boat-fly, a genus of aquatic hemipterous insects, which swim on their backs. [See Boat-Fly in this Supjt.] NOTONEC'TID.E, w. A family of the hydrocorisa or water-bugs, \vhich swim on their backs, and from their peculiar aspect are called boat-,ilies. NOTOR'NIS, n. A genus of grallatorial birds, allied to PorphjTio, originally de- scribed from some fossil bones brouglit from New Zealand. Subsequently, liowever, a species of the bird was ob- tained, and the skin wiis sent to Lon- don. It was found to answer, with respect to form and habits, to the con- clusions drawn l)y Mr. Owen from its fossil remains. This unique specimen is now in the British Museum. NOTOX ID^i:, n. A family of coleop- terous insects, composed of species which are minute in size. NOTT'-PATED, a. [5ee Nott.] Hav- ing the hair cut close. [Shak.] NODCH'ES,! n. plur, [Fr. niche, a notch ] Jewels; ornaments of gold, in which precious stones were set, that is, inserted into notches. Nouch and ouch appear to be almost identical in signiti- cation. [Chaucer.] NOUGHT,! adv. [See the Noun.] In no degree. — NougJit seemeth sike strife^ such strife is altogether unseemly. [Spenser.] NOULE,t 71. [Ger. hnol.] The noddle; the head. [5';)f7i,'^e7-.] NOUR'ISH,t-.^ [add.] To let grow; to promote the growth of by care and preservation; as, to nourish the haii*; to ?iourish a pair of whiskers. NOURlSlIjt n. Nourishment; a nurse. Our isle lie made a nourish of salt tears. And uone but women left to wail tbe d&.(l. Shat. NOUR'SLE rF,t r. t. [See Noursle.] To educate- [ .S'/wj^cr. J NOUS'LE,t V. i. [See Nestle, Nuzzle.] To nurse up. [X/>e7i,fer.j NOUS'LE,+ V. i. To nestle; to cling closely or fondly to. [Spenser.] NOUS'LED,t pret. of Nousle^ v. t. Nursed up. [^7*ej7./i"-. [L.] Trifles; silly verses ; things of little value. NUG'tJET, n. [Qu. from Scot, nackei. a bit of wood, stone, ^"c] The name given by the Australian gold-diggers to masses of native gold found in the diggings. [It may also be from the Teut. knudre, or Scot, nuget, or midget, short of stature, with a round belly; in other words, round and unshapely.] NUI'S.iNCER, n. (nu-sancer.) One who causes an injury or nuisance. NLIL-DISSEISIN, n. In tair, the plea of nul-disseisin is a travei-se in real actions, that there was no disseisin. NULLlFie.VTION, n. [add.] This word originated in the t'nited States about 21 1 years ago, and was employed to signify the act of rendering void and of no legal force the revenue laws of the United States. The general doc- trine of nullification was laid down ia OAT-FOV.'L OBEISANT OBITUARILT the following terms: — "A state Iiag a right in her soiereign cnpacity in convention to declare an unuonstitu- tional act of congress to be null and vuid; and such declaration is obliga- tory on her citizens, and conclusive against the general government; which would have no right to enforce its con- struction of its powers against that of the state." NUVJLIFIER, 7?. [add,] In the United States, one who adheres to the doc- trine K)i nuWficaiion, — which see in this Stipp. NUL'LIFY, V- f. [add.] In the UnUcd States, to render null and void, a law enacted by the legislature of the whole union. NULLIP'OUA, ) n. [L. luiHus, none, NUL'LIPOKES,) and poms, pore.] A family of the lithophytous polypes, the axis of which presents no visible pores on its surface. Some naturalists consider these bodies as belonging to the vegetable kingdom. NUL'LUM ARBIT'RIUM, n. [L. no award.] In Jaw, the plea of the defend- ant prosecuted on an arbitration bond, for not abiding by an award. ISUL'-TlELKE€01{D,n. In /a tr, the plea of a plaintiff, that there is ?io such record, on the defendant's alleging matter of record, iu bar of the plain- tiff's action. NUL'-TOUT, ?}. In law, a plea ofnul- iort is a plea ii* a real action, that no wrong was done, and a species of the general issue. NU'MEllAL, n. A figure or character used to express a immber ; as, the Ara- bic numerals, 1, 2, 3, he. N U'MEK ATIN G, ppr. Dividing off and reading, as figures. NU'MEKO, n. [Fr. and It] Number. — In commerce, &c., the figure or mark by which any number of things is dis- tinguished ; abbreviated to No. NU'MEKOUSLY, adv. [add.] Har- moniously; musically. [6Ve Numer- ous,] NUMID'IAN €UA]NE, n. A gralla- torial bird of the genus Anthropoides, tiie A. Virgo. It is a native of many parts of Asia and Africa, and is re- markable for the grace and symmetry of its form, and the elegance of its de- Kumidian Crane, Antitropoidca virga. portment. It is also termed the de- moiselle. NUMISMAT'I€AL, a. Same as Nu- mismatic. NUMISMATIST, n. One versed in numismatics; a numismatologist. NUMMULARY, a. Pertaining to coin or money. — In med., a term applied to the sputa or expectorations in phthisis, when they flatten at the bottom of the vessel like a piece of money. NUN'-BUOY, n. A buuy in the form of a cask, being large in the middle and tapering toward each end. NUNCUPATIVE, a. [add.] Nuncupa- tive wills are abolished, 1 Vict., c. 20, but with a proviso, that any soldier in actual military service, or any mariner or seaman at sea, may dispose of his personal estate by an oral testament, be- fore a sufficient number of witnesses. NURSE, n. [add.] In horticulture, a shrub or tree which protects a young plant. — Also, a shark {Sci/lHum cirra- tum), found in the West Indian seas, which is easily taken when depositing its eggs. The oil of its liver is used for burning. NUUSE'-POND, n. A pond for young fish. NURS'ERY-MAN, v. One employed in the cultivation of nurseries of shrubs and trees. NUS'SIERITE, n. A native arsenio- piiosphate of lead, from Nussicres, in the neighbourhood of Beaujeu. NUS'TLE, r. t. (nusl.) To fondle; to cherish. [See Nouksle.] NUTA'TION, n. [add.] . [Pope.] N UT'MEGGED, a. Seasoned with nut- [add.j A nodding NUT'MEG-TREE, n. The Muristica moschata. [See Nutmeg.] NUTRr'TlOUSLY,m;i».Nourishingly. NU'TRITIVELY, ado. Nonrishingly. NU'TRITIVENESS, n. Quality of nourishing. NUX, n. Instead of "[See Nuts],'* read [See Nut.] NUZ'ZLE, V. i. [add.] To rub the nose or face closely against anything. [5(0?/^.] NY€'TALOPY, «. 5ee Nyctalopia. NY€THEM'EKON, n. [Or.] In antl- quitif, tiie whole natural day, or day and night, consisting of twenty-four hours. NYCTIB'IUS, n. [Gr. .vl night, and /2ii),-, life.] A genus of l>irds, belonging to the family Caprimulgidae. The spe- cies is indigenous to South America. NYGTieO'RAX, n. [Gr. wl, night, and xo^ctl a crow or raven. 1 The night- heron, a genus of birds of the heron tribe. [See Night-Heuon.] NYE.f V. i. [See Nioii.] To advance; to approach ; to draw near. [Spenser.] NYMPH AL'IDiE, «. [From A^;/mpAa- lis, one of the genera.] A family of lepidopterous insects. Among the species included in this family are those bearing the English names of the pea- cock, painted lady, Camberwell beauty, and red admiral ; also, the fritillaries. NYMPHIP'AUOUS, a. [add.] Produc- ing nymphai or the pupio of insects. NYRO'i^A, n. A genus of ducks, con- taining the pochard {N. ferina), and canvas-backed duck (.V. vaUsneriii). NYSSON ID/E, n. [From Ni/ssort, one of the genera.] A family of hymeuop- terous insects, belonging to the section Fossores. The family is characterized chiefly by the absence of a notch on the inner side of the mandibles. 0. O, for IIo. [Chaucer.] O.t a. for On. One. [Chaucer.] OAK, 71. I add.] Belote oah, the Quercus ijramuntla, Linn. It is a native of Spain. — Long-stalhed oah, Q. pedimcu- lata or robur.~Corh-oah, Q. suber, the bark of which is manufactured into corks. — Nut-tjall oah, Q. infectoria. — Short- stalhecl oak, Q. sesslJJora, or ses- sile-fruited bay-oak, probably a mere variety of Q. rohur. — Jerusa!em~oah, the Chenopodium hutrys, Linn , a plant which grows in the south of Europe. It is fragrant, expectorant, and anthel- mintic. — Oah-luufjs, the Stlcta put- monaria, or lung-wort. OARED, pp. [add.] Furnished with oars; used in composition, as, a fonv-oared boat. OARSMAN, n. One who rows at the oar. AT'-FOWL, n. The Plcclrophanes )u'- i:u^i>, snow-bunting, is often so called. OATS, 77. p?«r. SeeOxT. OB, pp. In hot.y this preti.\. signifies in- version; obovate is inversely ovate; ob- cordatc is inversely cordate; obclavate, inversely club-shaped. OBBLIGA'TO, ff. [add.] A musical term applied to a composition or movement written expressly for the insti-ument named, and also to a movement re- strained by certain rules to a particular passage, &c. OBCON'ltJAL, a. Same as Obconic. OB'EAH, n. A species of witchcraft practised among the African negroes, the apprehension of which, operating upon their superstitious fears, is fre- quently attended with disease and death. OBEI'SANCE, n. (obay'sance.) OBEI'SANCY, «. (obay'sancy.) Same as Obeisance. [Rar. us.] OBEI'SANT, a. (obay'sant.) Reverent; submissive, 2St OB'ELISR, u. t. To mark with an obe- lisk. OB'ELIZE, V. i. To mark with an obe- lisk; to mark as spurious or as suspi- cious. OBEY INGLY,«t/t'. Complyingly; sub- missively. ppr. Obedient ; sub- missive. [Chaucer.] OBEY'SAUNCE,t \n. [Fr.] Ohe- OBErSANCE,t J dience; submis- sion; respect; reverence. [Chaucer.] OBEY'SINU,t n. Obedience. [Chau- cer.] OB ITER, adv. [L.] In going along; by the by; by chance; incidentally; as, this legal opinion was given obiter. — Obiter dictum, in law, an incidental opinion, in contradistinction from a judicial dictum OBIT'UAKILY, adv. In the manner of an obituary. OBSERVATION OCCUPANCY ODE-MAKER OBJ£€T', V, t. (add. J To propose or offer simply; as, it is well objected. [Shall] OBJEtT'ED, Pi>. [add.] Proposed; su^^gested. | Shaft.] OBJECTION, 71. [add.] Disapproba- tion or dislilie, wliicli may be objected against any person or tiling; as, 1 have no objection to tlie person whom you recommenii ; 1 have no objection to this plan. — Fallacii of objectiuns, in loijic, a fallacious mode ui reasoning, by whicli it is sliown tliat tliere are objections against some tlieory, system, or plan, and thence it is inferred tliat it should be rejected; whereas, that which ought to have been proved is, that there are more or stronger objections against the receiving than the rejecting of it. OBJEtlTIST, «. One versed in the objective philosophy or doctrine. OBJECTIVE, a. [add.] Literally, per- taining or relating to an object. Hence, in philosophy, an epithet applied to whatever is exterior to the mind, or which is the object of thought, or feel- ing ; outward ; external. It is opposed to subjective, — which see. — Objective 2}hilosophy, another name for trans^ cendcntal pliilosophy. OBJECTIVITY, n. [add.] The quality or state of being objective. OBJECTIVIZE, i'. i. To philosophize according to the objective philosophy. OBJURATION, n. [L. objuro.] The act of binding by oath. OBLATION, n. [add.] In the early Christian church, a gift or contribution for the expenses of the eucharist, or for the support of the clergy and poor. OBLA TlONER.t n. One who makes an offering as an act of worsliip or reve- rence. OB XIGATORILY, adv. In an obliga- tory manner; by obligation. OBLIGATORINESS,)!. State of being obligatory. OBLIGE', V. t. [add.] To connect; to unite; as, he had obliijed all the sena- tors and magistrates tirmly to himseli. IBaeon.] OBLlQ'UID.t a. Oblique. [5j)ense;-.] OBLITERA TION, n. [add.] Inpathu., the closure of a canal or cavity of the body by adhesion ot its parietes. OBLIVIAL,t a. Forgetful; oblivious. OBLIV'lOLSiNESS, ii. State of being oblivious. OBL'ONG, 11. A figure which is longer than it is broad. — In geom. [See tlie Adjective.] OBOMA'SUJI, ?!. [L.] The fom-th sto- mach of ruminating animals. OBSGU'KANT, n. One who opposes the progress of knowledge, or advocates ignorance. [Applied to a class in Ger- many. I OBSCURANT'ISM,;;. The doctrine or inHucnce of obscurants. OBSeuRE'iMENT.t n. Darkness; ob- scuration. OBSE'QUIOUS, a. [add.] Carefid of obsequies, or of finieral rites. [Shah.] OBSEUV'ABLENESS, n. Tlie quality of being observable. OBSERVA TION, n. [add.] Remark made in words or in writing ; as, he made some very excellent observations; it is a very just observation of this author. — Worhinn an observation, in nautical aslron., the process of deter- mining the latitude or longitude by cal- culation, from an observation taken viith an instrument of the altitude or relative position of any of the hea- venly bodies. OBSERVA'TIONxVL,«. Consisting of, or containing remarks or observations. OBSERVE', I', t. [add.] l^o mention; rs, the compassion and benignity of the Saviour towards little children is obser- ved by all the evangelists. iAtterbury. I OBSERVE', I'. (. [add.] To respect; to pav regard to. [Chaucer.] OBSERVE', V. i. [add.] To remark by words or writing ; to mention. OBSTACLE, a. for Obstinatk. \Shah.] OBSTETRICAL, a. SameasOBSxET- KIC. OBTRI"TION,t n. [L. oUritio.] A breaking or bruising ; a wearing away by friction. OBTURATOR,instead of OBTURA- TOR. OBUN'COUS, a. [L. ob, and uncus, crooked.] Very crooked. OBVERSE'LY, adv. (obvers'ly.) In an obverse form or manner. O'CA, H. The name given in South Ame- rica to a plant of the genus Oxalis, the O. crenata, which bears tubers like the potato. It is one of the plants called arracacha, and is a native of Columbia. The wild tubers are acid, but by culti- vation become insipid. They have been proposed as nutritious food ; but are small, and really not worth cultivating. OC€A'SION, n. [add.] Juncture; ar- ticle of time, considered with its con- comitant occurrences or incidents; as, he behaved with the utmost courage and coolness on this trying occasion. OCCA'SIONAL, a. [add.] An occa- sional cause, in nieta., is some circum- stance preceding an effect, which, without being the real cause, becomes the occasion of the effect's being pro- duced by a truly efficient cause. Thus, the act of touching gunpowder with fire is the occasional, but not the effi- cient cause of the explosion. OeCA'SIONALISM, n. The system of occasional causes ; a name given to cer- tain theories of the Cartesian school of philosophers, by which they account for the apparent action of the soul on the body, as in voluntary action. OCCASIONAL'ITY, n. Quality of being occasional. OeClP ITO-FBONTA'LIS, n. [L.] In anat., a single broad digastric muscle that covers the cranium. It serves to raise the eyebrows upwards, and at the sametime draws up and wrinkles the skin of the forehead. OecLU'DENT, a. [See Occlude.] That shuts up or closes. OCfLU'SION, ». [add.] InpaMo., the total or partial closure of a vessel, ca- vity, or hollow organ. OCCULT ED, a. [add] In aslr., a term applied to a heavenly body hid or concealed by the intervention of some other heavenly body. OCCUPANCY, n. [add.] Simply, pos- session; as, during his occupancy. — Anciently, when a man held land imr autre vie (for the life of another), and died before that other, as his estate could not descend to his heir nor revert to the donor until the determination of the life upon it, it was considered to belong of right to the first who took l>ossession of it for the remainder of the life, which was termed tjeneral occupancy. And when the gift was to one and his heirs for the life of another, the heir was said to take as special oc- cupant. As the law now stands, how- ever, a man is enabled to devise lands held by him j)Mr OH/rc vie, and if no such 282 devise be made, and there be no special occupant, it goes to his executors or administrators. OC'CUPATIVE, a. Possessed; used; employed. OCCUR'RENT, a. Incidental ; coming in the way. OC'ELLATED, or OCEL'LATED, n. OCH'IMY, n. A mixed base metal. [See OcHYMv.] OCHLOCRAT le, \a. [See Ocii- OCHLOCRAT'ICAL, ( locracy.] Relating to ochlocracy, or government by the mob. OCHLOCRAT'ICALLY, adv. In an ochlocratic manner. OCHLOC'RATY, n. Government bv the mob. OCH'RY, a. Pertaining to ochre; con- taining or resembling ochre. OC'TAPLA, n [Gr. ez-r^. eight, and «tA«o/. to unfold.) A polyglot Bible, pre- senting to the eye at once eight columns or small pages, and comprising eight languages. OCTEN'NIALLY, adv. Once in eight years. OCTODEC'IJMO, a. [L. octodecim, eighteen.] Having or consisting of eighteen leaves to a sheet. OCTODECIMO, H. A book in which each sheet is folded into eighteen leaves. It is usually written in the contracted form ISmo. ^ OCTOE'DRITE, n. See Octahedbiti-. OCTOG'ENARY, instead of OCTO- GENARY, n. OCTOGYN'IA, n. [Gr. .=!7«., eight, and ymvi, a female.] The name given by Linn, to those orders of plants which have eight pistils in their flowers. OCTOG'YNOUS, a. In bot., having eight pistils. OCTOHE'DRON,?i.5ccOcTAiiRDnoN. OCTOPUS, n. The Poulp or Polypus of ancient naturalists, comnion on the southern coasts of Europe. This spe- cies, with its congeners, belongs to the cephalopodous moUusca. OCTOSYLLAB'ie, la. Consisting OCTOSYLLABI€AL, f of eight syl- lables. OCTROI', II. (ok-trwa'.) [Fr.] A tax or duty levied at the gates of French cities on articles brought in. OCULAR, a. |add.] Ocular microscope, the heliometer, contrived by Arago. [See Heliometer.] — Ocular spectres, imaginary objects floating before the eyes, and assuming the form of flying insects, net-work, sparks, iridescent ap- pearances, &c. OCULATED, a. Same as OcuLATE. OC'ULllS, n. In bot., an eye ; a leaf-bud. [Bar. us.] O ' C Y,+ H. The nightingale's note. [Chaucer.] OCYP'OU.i, 11. [Or. cm, swift, and iritK, foot.] A genus of brachyurous ci-ustaceans, inhabiting the sea-shores of warm climates. They are remark- able for the rapidity of their motions, and are known by the name of sand- crabs. They are also called horsemen, from their galloping pace. No species is found in this country. OCYPOD'IAN, w. A swift-running crustacean. [See Ocypoda in this Supp.] OD 1 1 inter. A minced oath, a corrup- ODD! ( tion of the name of God. [Scotch.] ODD COME SHORTLY. Chance time not far off; escape. [Sir W. Scott.] UDE'-MAKER, n. Amaker or composer of odes. (ENANTHYLIC ACID OIOEMIA OLFACTORY ODE'UM, n. See Odeox. ODIUM THEOLOCi'It'UM, n. [L.] Theological hatred ; the hatred of con- tending divines towards each other. ODOMET'KIGAL, a. Pertaining to an odometer, or to the measurement ac- complished by it. ODOM'ETKOUS, a. [See Odometer.] Relating to odometry. ODOM'ETRY, h. The measurement of distances travelled over by a carriage, &c.* ODONTA'GRA, n. [Gr. oiot^t. oh.roi, a tooth, and ay^at, a seizui-e.] Toothaclie, as a consequence of goutor rheumatism. ODONTAL'6lA, n. See Odontalgv. ODON'TALITE, «. [Gr. .5oy,-,and x,Bo;, a stone.] A fossil tooth. ODONTITES, n. [Gr. elcvi.]ln bot., the nameofagenus, to which many botanists now vQi'er Barlsia odontifes of Liiinteus. ODONTl'TIS,H. In patko., inflamma- tion of the teeth. ODON'TO,«. [Ur. ^5oy;.] A dentrifice; a kind of vegetable white powder for the teeth, prepared of Oriental herbs. ODON'TOGRAPH, h. [add.] This is a compound scale, invented by Professor Willis, for setting off and inscribing the teeth of wheels according to an approxi- mate principle, whereby all the plain wheels of tlie same pitch are made so to work into one another, as if they were described, according to the ordi- nary rule, pair-and-pair. They are all laid off by assuming that the smallest wheel of the set has twelve teeth. ODONTOGRAPHY, n. [Gr. e3.i.f, and yga?4t, to describe.] A description of the teeth. ODONTOif'DES, a. [Gr. eSoyj , and e;Jo,-, likeness.] Tooth-like ; an epithet for a process of the second vertebra. O'DORANT, a. [Fr.] Odorous; frag- rant; sweet-scented. O'DOROUSLY, adv. Sweetly; frag- rantly. O'DYLE, ODYLXIG FORCE or IN- FLUENCE, n. [Gr. eioi, way, and i?.7,, principle.] The name given by Keichen- bach to the force or influence which gives rise to the phenomena of mesmerism, or electro-biology. This influence is developed by magnets, crystals, bodies of high chemical affinity, heat, light, electricity, chemical action, vital action, the human hand, &c. OD'YSSEY, ?i. [Gr. ohv^au;.] An epic poem of Homer, in which the adven- tures of Ulysses are celebrated. O'E, ) O'Y, !■ n. J O'YE, S A grandchild. [Scotch.] (ECUMEN'IGAL, a. 5ee Ecumenical. OlDICNE MUS, Ji. [Gr. e. Re-died. [Shah.] O'ER-LOOR'ED, pp. Enchanted. [Shah] O'EU-PART'ED, in>. Not equal to a part. [Shah.\ O'ER-RAUGHT', pp. Over-reached. \Shah. 1 O'ER-STRAWED, pp. Over-strewed. [Shah.] O'ERTHRO W',t for Overturow, i)p. Overthrown. [Chaucer.] OES, n. Circles. [Shak.\ (ESOPHA'GEAL, a. Relating to the CESophagus ', as, esophageal glands. (ESOPHAGOT'OMY. n. See Esopiia • (JOTOMV. (ESOPH'AGUS, 71. The gullet. [See Esophagus.] H. [Gr. cXtyi^^^, OLKilS'riG IRON, i the lea^t.j A crystallized oxide of iron comprising the common specular irou-ore, and the micaceous specular iron-ore. OL'IGO. fGr. o^Lij-w, little, few.] A term used in Greek compounds to signify that the number or quality of anything is small. OLIG ODON, 7J. [Gr. eJuyo;. few, and oTifj;, tooth.] A genus of small serpents, family Co'uberidae. Theyare character- ized by ilitir blunt, short, and narrow head, and their want of palatine teeth. OL'IGO-SPERMOL'S, a. [Gr. oA-^a,-, few, and ffTt^u.x, seed.] lu bot.j having few seeds. OLIGOTROPHY, n. [Gr. -Ai>«, little, and T^oi*n, uoui'ishmeut.jDeticieat nour- ishment. OLl'VA, w. The olive-shell, so named from the ulive-like shape of the shell. A genus of volutes, in which the shell is cylindrical in siiape, the apertui-e linear, and the pillar thickened and confusedly plaited. The species ai"e common in the seas of warm climates. OLIVARY, a. Resembling an olive. OL'IVE, «. Relating to the olive; of the colour of the olive; brown, tending to a yellowish green. OL IVE BRANCH,/.. A branch of the olive-tree ; the emblem of peace. OL'IVED, a. Decorated with olive trees or brandies. OL'lVE-MALA€HlTE,H. Octahedral phosphate of copper, an ore from Le- bethen in Hungary. OL'IVENITE, «. [add.] An arseuiate of copper. OL'iVE-OlL, )i. [add.] Olhe-oil of the infernal regions, the oil which remains mixed with the water employed in the preparation of the common or iuferior olive-oil. The water is conducted into large reservoii-s called the infernal re- ffionSy and the oil collects on the sm-- face. It is used for lamps —Fermented olive-oily the oil obtiiined by leaving the fresh olives in heaps for some time, and poming boiling water on them before pressing the oil. OL'IVE-ORE, n. Same as Olivenite, or arseniate of copper. Ol/n EUES,t H. plar. Olive-trees. [Chaucer.] OL'IVE-TREE, n. Tlie Oka europaea. \See Olive.] OL'LITE, n. In viin., potstone, — u-hich see. OLYM'PIC, a. Noting the public Gre- cian games celebrated at Olynipia. [See Olympian.] 0LYMP10N'ie,H. An ode on an Olym- pic victory. O'MAGRA, n. [Gr. *,««. the shoulder, and cty^K, a seizure. j Gout in the shouidet ; pain of the shoulder. OMA'SUM, n. [L.] The third stomach of ruminating animals; the manypHes. O'MEN, «. [add.] A portentous event. [Shak.\ OMIS'SIVELY', adv. By leaving out. OMIT', r. t [add.] To leave alone ; to leave untouched for the present; as, we do omit this reprobate. [Shah.] O.MNIPA'KlENT,t «• [L. omnU, all, and pariu, to bring forth or produce.] Bringing forth, or producing all things ; all -bearing. OMNIP'AROUS, «. All-bearing; om- niparient. OMNIPERCIPTENCY, n. Same as 0.\isiPp:KciriKNCE. OMNISPEG TIVE, a. [L. ojnnis, all, and specto, to see.] Able to see all things. O'MO. [Gr. »a-^, the shoulder.] In anat., words compounded with this prefix refer to the shoulder; as, omo- hi/oideus, a muscle which arises from tiie shoulder which serves to depress the os-ki/oides and the lower jaw; omo-plata, a name of the scapula or shoulder-blade. OMOG RAPHY, n. A new art of re- presentation of objects, being a substi- tute for engraving, lithography, and painting. OMPHALO'DIUM, n. [L.] In hot. [See Omphalode.] OM'PHALO-MESENTERie, a. [Gr. ciLSaXoi, the navel.] In phiis., a term ap- plied to the vessels which, at an early period of uterine life, are seen to pass frora the umbilicus to the mesentery, and w Inch constitute the tirst developed vessels of the germ. ON, prep, [add.] On hand, in present possession ; as, lie has a large stock of goods on hand. — In the United States, on hand ts used to signify present; as, several hundreds were on hand at the meeting. — On hve, in life; alive. — Parted on ttvelve, parted in twelve. — On hunting, on hawhing, a-hxintitt};; a-hawking. — On to see, to look upon. [Chaiicer.] — On hic/wcr.] ON'LY, adv. [add.] But ; excepting tJiat ; as, he is remarkably like his brother in form and feature, onli/ he is a little taller. — But only, but merely. — All only, solely. [Chaucer.] ONOL'OOY, «. [Gr. ♦.«>-, an ass, and Xcyos, discourse.] A fooiish way of talk- ini,'. [Bare.] ONOMATUL O6IST, 11. One versed in the history of names. ONOMATOL 06Y, n. [Gr. «*ja«i«. names, and >oyoi, treatise.] A discourse or treatise on names, or the history of the names of persons. ONOS'MA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Boraginaceaj. All the species, which are small, scabrous, canescent plants, are extremely h.andsome when in blossom, and most of them answer well to grow in rock-work or wall-tops. The root of O. emodi, a native of Ne- paul, is of a dark purple colour, and is used in dyeing, like some others of the same family of plants. ONSLAUGHT, ". An inroad; an in- cursion : a bloody attack. [A'co/c/i.] ON'STEAD, n. Farm-stead; the build- ings on a farm. [Scotch.] ON'TO,t pret. Noting entrance upon a place ; on ; upon ; to ; as, " They went out onto the Mount of Olives." Mark xiv. -'G. [Sharpe's Translation.]— IWis word is in provincial use in England. O'NUS, n. [L.] A burden ; a load. ONUS IMPORTAN'DI, n [L.J The charge or bm-den of importing mer- chandise. ONWARDS, adv. Same as Onwajh). ON Y,t a. Any. [Chaucer.] ON'YCHA, «. [add.] The shell or cover of a species of muscle, found in the lakes of India, where the nard grows, and which, w hen burned, emits a musky odour. OO'LAK, n. A baggage canoe of the Hoogly and Central Bengal, wiiich sur- passes most other river-boats in its speed under sail. It has a sharp steni, sides slightly rounded, and is easily steered by an oar. OOLIT IC, instead of OOLITIC. OOLITIF'EROUS,forOOLlTIF'ER- OUS. OOL'OGIST, n. The author of a trea- tise on the eggs of birds. OOL'OGY, n. [Gr. w», an egg, and Xo-yn, treatise.] The science of eggs; a treatise on eggs. OPHIOPS OPPOSE OPUS OPEKATUM OO'RIE, )a. Chil!; Meak; having the OU^EIE, J sensation of cold; droop- ing; sad like; melancholy. [Scotch.] OO'ST, 71. Oast,— M'/uc/t see. OOUCHE, n. See Ouch, [aimtcer.] OPAKE", ?i. See Opaque. OPALESCE', V. i. (-ess'.) To give forth a play of colours like the opal. OPEN, V. i. [add.] To bark on view or scent of the game, a term in hunting. 0'PENERS,t n. [Sax. oponhcrs.] The fruit of the niellar-tree. [Chaucer.] 0'PEN-IIEDED,t a. Bare-headed. [Chaucer,] O'PENING, a. First in order; com- mencing; a?;, an openimj speech. O'PENING, n. [add.] Beginning; com- mencement; Hrst appearance. O'PENING A FIAT, n. Tlie com- mencement of proceedings in bank- ruptcy at tiie private sitting before the court of bankruptcy in Loudon, or the district court in the country. OPEN-LAW, H. The making or wag- ing of law. O PEN-STEEK, n. Open-stitch ; a par- ticular kind of stitch in sewing. [Scotch.] OPEN - THEFT, n. A theft that is manifest. OPEN-TIDE, n. The time after corn is carried out of the fields. OP'ERA-GLASS, n. [add.] One kind of opera-glass is simply a small spy- glass. OPERAM'ETER, instead of OPERA'- METER. OP'ERATE, V, t. [add.] To work ; to produce; to accomplish as an agent. OP ERATIVELY, adv. In an opera- tive manner, OP'EllATORY.t n. A laboratory. OP£R'€ULUM, n. [add.] A lid or cover. — In Ijot., the lid of a pitcher- formed leaf. OPEROSE'LY, adv. In a laborious manner. OP'£ROUS,ta. Operose. OPHI€AL'CI€, n. [Gr. ^a, a serpent, and L. calx, limestone.] A rock com- posed of marble and serpentine. OPUICEPH'ALUS, w. [Gr. tpi, a ser- pent, and xEy«.A»), the head.] A genus of acanthopterygious fishes, with leng- thened body, nearly cylindrical, and liaving the form of a blenny. The spe- cies are natives of the East. OPH'IGLEIDE, instead of OPIII'- TLEIDE. OPHID'IA, Hnstead of OPHI'- OPIIID'IANS, ; DIA. OPIllD'IANS, n. [add.] This order includes the serpent tribes ; and the speciesbelonging to it may be naturally grouped in three sections: — (1.) Harm- less snakes, as the Colubridte. (2.) Ve- nomous snakes, as rattlesnakes and vipers. (3.) Water-snakes. OPHID lOUS, instead of OPHI'DI- OUS, a. OPHID'IUM, n. A genus of malacop- terygious fishes of the eel tribe. The species have smooth heads, long slender bodies, margined by the united dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Two species in- habit tiie British seas, both very rare. In the JMediterranean, the bearded ophidium is common, and is used for food. OPHINCUS, n. The Serpent bearer; a constellation. OPUIOCEPH'ALUS. Sea Ophiceph- ALUS. OPH'IOMANCY. or OPHIOM'AN- CY. OPH'IOPS, n. A genus of lacertians, characterized l.>y tlie absence of eyelids. OPHIOS'TOMA,n.[Gr. o^ij,and<7«/*«, a mouth. J A genus of intestinal worms, having their mouths furnished with two lips. One species has been found in the human subject. OPHIOX'YLON, n. fGr.c^.s, and gvAo., wood.] A genus of plants of nat. order Apocynaceee. — O. serpentinum, serpen- tine snake- wood, is a native of the East Indies. In rich soil it becomes a large climbing or twining shrub ; but in poor soil it is small and erect. The root is employed in India, i)articularly by the Talinga physicians, as a remedy in va- rious diseases. OPHISAU'RUS, n. [Gr. o^*.-, a serpent, and euu^oi, a saurian.] The glass-snake, a genus of reptiles occurring in the southern United States. The head is very small, and the tail longer than the body. So fragile is this reptile, that a slight blow with a stick will cause the body to separate into several parts. OPHUTES, n. One of the Gnostic sects of the second century, who paid wor- ship to a serpent. OPHTHALMODYN'IA, n. [Gr. cfOx^.^o;, the eye, and eiSuni, pain.] Pain of the eye, producing a sensation as if the ball were forcibly compressed. OPHTHALMOG'RAPHY, ?i. [Gr. o^0^kfj.os, and y^x^v], description.] A de- scription of the eye, OPHTHALMOL'OOlST, n. Same as Oputhalmotologlst. 0PHTHALM0L'0(iY, «. Same as Ophthalmotologv. OPHTHALMOPLEGIA, n. [Gr. ofCcKAy-a;, and n'A'.oou, to Strike.] Paralysis of one or more of the muscles of the eye. OPHTHALMOFTO'SIS, n. [Gr. e^J'^Afj.o;, and Tift'-ij, a fall.] A prolapse of the globe of the eye. O'PlANE, n. Narcotine, — which see. O'PIATE, V. t. To lull to sleep; to ply with opiates. [Rare.] O'PIATED, pp. Affected by opiates; containing opiates. 0'PIE,t n. [Fr.] Opium. [Chaucer.] OPIN'ION, n. [add.] Reputation; as, to redeem lost opinion; obstinacy; dogmatism ; as, he was learned without opinion. [Shak.] O PlSTHOG'RAPHY,n. [Qr.cT-^fisv, be- hind, and -ii^^u, to write.] The act of writing on both sides of the paper, tlie back as well as the front, OPOID'IA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Umbelliferae. O. galbanifcra^ Lindley, is a native of Persia, and is supposed by some to yield the fetid jium-resin called galbanunu OPORIN'IA, n. A genusof plants, nat. order Compositae. O. autumnalis [Apor- ilia autumnalis of Smith) is a native of Britain, and is found in meadows and pastures, and on lofty mountains. OPOSSUM-SHRIMP, n. Mysis, agenus of macrourous crustaceans. There are several species of these small shrimps, which receive their name from the fe- males carrying their eggs and young in a pouch between the thoracic legs. OPPLETE',t a. Full; filled. 0PPLE'T10N,t n. Fulness ; act of fill- ing up. OPPO'NENS POLLICIS. [Lat.] A muscle which arises from the annular ligament of the wrist, &c., and is in- serted into the thumb. It serves to bring the thumb inwards, so as to op- pose the fingers. OPPORTUNE',! u. t. To suit; to ac- commodate. OPPOSE, V. t. [add.] To be opposed to, is frequently used for to oppose, or to be hostile to; as, he was opposed to the measure; a principle to which I am totaUy opposed. OPPOSED, 7>;a [add.] Being against; opposite, j Pope.] OPPOS'ER, 71. [add.] An officer for- merly belonging to tlie Green Wax in the Exchequer. OP'POSITE, a. [add.] To be opposite with, to be of a different opinion from; as, to be opposite with a kinsman. [Shak.] OP'POSITE TERMS, n. In logic, terms are said to be opposite or incon- sistent, whicii express qualities inappli- cable to the same object at the same- time; as, black and ivhite. OPPOSITIFO'LIATE, a. Same as Ofpositifolious. OPPOSI'TION, n. [add,] Situation or state of comparison for a thing produced or advanced as an equivalent or match for another. Let him produce his vats and tubs in oppo- sition to tlie lieaps of arms auil staiidardti Mluch were employed against you. — Addismi. OPPOSITOFOXIOUS, a. Same as Ofpositifolious. OPPRESSE',t V. t. [Fr.] To ravish. [Chaucer.] OPPRESS'ED,t;j;>. Ravished. [Chau- ce?:] OP'TATIVE, n. [add.] In gram., a mood of the Greek verb which expresses de- sire. OP'TATIVELY, adv. In an optative manner. 0P'T1€AL SQUARE, n. An instrument Ubcd in surveying, for laying out per- pendicular lines. It consists of a circular brass box, containing two principal glasses of the sextant, viz., the index and horizon glasses, fixed at an angle of 45°. The me- — ~^ thnd of usinc tliis in- strument is obvious. If the observer moves forward or back- ward in the straight line a b, until the object B seen by direct vision coincides with another object c, seen by reflec- tion; then a straight line drawn to c from the point at which he stands, as n, when the coincidence takes place will be perjjendicular to a b. OP'TIGRAPH, n. [Gr. otio^^i, to see, and 3-{a^T^/.^«i, to see, and fMij^ov, a measure.] An :;jstrument devised for the purpose of ascertaining with precision the refractive powers of lenses, and the distances at which mi- nute objects may be distinctly seen. [See Opsiometi;u.] OPUS OPERA'TUM. [L. the thing done. J In theology, an expression ap- plied to the mere outward administra- tion of a sacrament or rite, which is sui>posed by many to be in all cases attended with a spiritual effect. ORBITOLITES OUDOXNAXCE OKGTIA OR,t «'''•■ Ere; before. [Chaucer.] OK, conj. Lest ; than. \Scotcti.] O K.iL PLEADING, ;i. In /a ic, plead- ing by word of mouth in presence of the judges. This was superseded by written pleading in the reign of the third Edward. OU'ANCEAT, n. (or'-an-zhat.) [Fr.] Orange - peel covered with candy ; orangeade. GR'AN(iE-BIRD, »i. The Tunagra zena, a Jamaican bird, is so called from its yellow breast resembling an orange, when the bird is perched in a dark- leaved tree. OR'AXgE-LIST, n. A species of wide baize. OR ANOE-ilEN, n. [add.] The name of a society instituted in Ireland in 1795, to uphold the Protestant religion and ascendency, and to oppose the Ca- tholic religion and influence. It wassup- pressed bv act of Parliament in 1S36. OR AKGE-PEAS, n. The young un- ripe fruit of the Citnts aitrantium, or sweet orange, dried and turned in a lathe, and constituting the issue peas of the shops. 0R'AN6E-SKIX, n. An orange hue of the skin, chiefly observed in newly- born infants. OR'ANGE-TAWXT, n. A colour be- tween yellow and brown. ORANGE-TAWNY, a. [add.] Par- taking of vellow and brown in colour ORA'RIC.M. n. [L.] A scarf affixed to the crosier, in use as early as the 13th century. The word was also used for the priestly scarf or stole, and for the border or hemming of a robe. ORATOR, H. [add.] An officer in the English universities; a plaintiff in a bill, or information in chancery. OR ATORIE,t n. [See Oratoet.j A chapel ; a closet. [Chaucer.] OR'ATORIZE, V. i. To act the orator. [Rar. vs.^ OR'ATKESS,) n. [add] A female OU'ATRIX, ) petitioner or female plaintilf in a bill in chancery. ORB'IGAL, a. Spherical; orbicular; orbic. ORBIG'ULA, 71. A genus of con- chifers, found in l.irge masses on the coasts of Peru and Chili, .ind also in 1. OrtiifuU Cuminrti. s, A miss of U. lamenoa. the Northern seas. Tlie shell consists of two unequal valve-s, one of which is round and conical, the other flat, and fixed on a rock. ORBICELA'KE OS, n. [L.] In anal., the small or^'cd bone of the ear, articu- lating with the bead of the stapes. ORBICULARIS ORIS, n. [L] In anat.. the constrictor muscle of the mouth. [See Obbicular.] ORBIS, ) n. [add.] The C7ia>(u(f«n ORB'-FISH, ) orbis of Gmelin, which inhabits the Indian seas. ORBIT OLITES, n. A genus of mille- poridfe, baring rounded poriform cells. ORBS, n. Fairy rings. [SAoA] OR€A'DI.A.N, a. Relating to the Or- cadcs, or Orkney Islands. ORCHARD" GRASS, n. A kind of grass; cock's-foot grass. [5ec Dactv- Lis Glomerata.J ORCHEL'LA, n. Archil, Rocella tine- lona. OR€HES'TES, n. A genus of small coleopterous insects, of the family Cur- cuIiouida% destructive to plants. They have thickened femora to the hind-legs, and have the power of leaping; hence the name {^'xr^rrK'. a leaper). OR€HES'TRl€, a. Relating to the orchestre or to dancing ; orchestral. OR'CHTLL. n. See Archil. OR'CHIS, n. [add.] Spotted orchh, the Orchis maculata, whicli yields part of the inferior English salep. — Male or- chis, the Orchis mascttla, the tubercles of which yield the substance called salep. The roots or tubercles of the whole genus contain much starch. OR'€HlS, n. [L.] The testis. ORCHITIS, n. Inflammation of the testis. ORDaTN'MENT, «. [add.] Appoint- ment; ordination. OR'DAL,t ». fur Ordeal. \Ckaucer.] ORDE,t H. [Sax. ord.] Edge; point; beginning. \Chaucer.'\ ORDEAL, fi. [add.] Besides the fire- ordeal and icater-ordeal, various otlier kinds of ordeal were practised in an- cient times; such as the judicial duel, the trial of the Eucharist, the judgment of the cross, the trial of the bier, &c. OR'DELS,t n. The right of adminis- tering oaths, and adj udging ordeal trials within certain precincts. ORDERED, pp. [add.] Ordained; in holy orders. [Chaucer.] OR'"DERLT,a. [add.] Being on duty; as, an ordei'ly officer, the officer of the dav. ORDERS FOUR, h. The four orders of mendicant friars, viz., Gray-friars, AugTistines, Black-friars, and White- friars. [Chancer.^ OR'DINALISM, «. The quality of be- ing ordinal. ORDINANCE, n. [add.] Orderly dis- position. \Chaucer.\ — Ordinance of the forest, a statute (33 and 34 Edward I.) made touching matters and causes of the forest. — Ordinance of parlia- ment, a temporary act of parliament. OR'DINAND, n. (L. orditmndus.] In cedes, antiq., one about to be ordained, or to receive orders. OR'DIXANT, n. One who ordains; a prelate conferring orders. OR'DINAR, a. Ordinary; common; usual. [Scotch.] ORDINARY, n. [add.] In the nav,j, the establishment of the shipping not in actual sen'ice, but laid np under the charge of officers. — In laic, a judge who has authority to take cognizance of causes in his own right, and not by deputation. ORDINARY CONVEYANCES, n. In laic, those deeds of transfer which are entered into between two or more persons, without an assurance in a su- perior court of justice. OR'DINAT.t a. [See Ordinate.] Or- derly; rpffular. [Chaucer.] I ORDNANCE, H [add.] Ordnance-de- bentures, bills issued by the board of ordnance on the treasurer of that office, I for the paNTiient of stores, &c. ORDON NANCE, rather than OR'- i DONNANCE. 2S(> ORDON'NANT, a. Relating to, or im- plying ordonnance. ORE,t n. [Sax. are.] Grace; favour; protection; honour; glory. [C%aucer.[ OREILLETS, n. (oreillettes.) [Fr.] In ancient armour, ear-pieces fixed on the open coursing or tilting helmet, fastened upon it with a liinge to admit of their leing lifted up. They were some- times perforated, to enable the wearer to hear more distinctly, and tliey sometimes had spikes projecting from their centre, as an additional protection. OREODAPH'NE, n. Mountain -laurel, a genus of plants, nat. order Lauracea. O. opifera is a native of the woods of Para and Rio-Negro. The fruit yields, by distillation, a volatile oil, which is used in Brazil as a remedy in pains and contractions of the limbs. O. cupularis is the cinnamon of the Isle of France, where it grows. ORGANIC, \ a. [add.] Organic ORGAN'ICAL, ) substances, sub- stances which proceed from or consti- tute organic bodies. — Organic attrac- tion, a term applied to the phenomenon by which blood is attracted into parts which are capable of erection, and which are, at the sametime, in a state of excitement; to the union of germs by which a part of the double monsters is to be explained, &c. — Organic forcCy a term applied to that power which re- sides in organized bodies, on which the existence of each part depends, and which has the property of generating from organic matter the individual or- gans necessary to the whole. — Organic molecules, a term applied by Spallan- zani to certain floating bodies, supposed to exist in the male semen, and which he regarded as primordial monads of peculiar activity, existing through all nature, and constituting the nutrient elements of living matter. — Organic life, the state of an organized being, whether animal or vegetable, in which the organs perform those functions which are necessary to the growth and perfection of the individual. ORGANI'ZABLE, «. That may be or- ganized. ORGANIZATION, II. [add.] The con- struction of the parts of an animal or vegetable body, with reference to a de- termined function; a system composed ofseveral individual parts, each of which has its proper function, but all conduce to the existence of the entire svstera. ORGAN-REST, n. In her., a figure of uncertain origin, borne by the Gran- vijles and other ancient families. OR'GANIM, n. [L.j An instrument; method; rule. — Same as Oroanon, — ichich see. ORGAN'Zni, \n [add.] Thrown silk; OR'GANZIM, f that is, silk twisted like a rope with, different strands, so as to increase its strength. OR GrLOUS,t a. See Oroillocs, 0R6Y'IA, n. A genus of lepidopterous insects, the species of which fly by day with a vapouring kind of motion, and hence they are called vapourer- moths. The females (fig. 2), are apterous or wingless; the caterpillars (fig. 3), have curious coloured tufts of hair project- ing from the body. The male of the O. antiqua (fig. 1), a small brown moth OROGRAPHY ORTHOTROPAL OSCULATE \^ith a white spot on the ed^'e of the Vnpourer-moth, Orgyia ontiqjtat mturet size. fore-wings, is common even in the streets of Lnndnii. OR'ICAL€HE,i- n. See Okichalc. [Spenser.'] ORIENT, r. t. In surveyingyto orient a plan, signifies to mark its situation or bearing with respect to the four cardi- nal points. ORIEN'TALIZE, u. t. To render ori- ental ; to conform to oriental manners or character. ORIENTATION, ». An eastern direc- tion or aspect; the act of placing a church so as to have its chancel point to the east. O'RIENTATOR, w. An instrument used for placing a church so as to have its chancel point to the east. ORl6lNAE.f/. [add.] Original bills hi equity, in lait\ those bills relating to some matter not before litigated in the court by the same persons standing in the same interests. — Oriijinal charter, in Scots law, a charter whicli is granted first to the vassal by the supei'ior. — Original xcrit, or orii/,v spinicauc/a lias the shafts of the tail feathers prolonged 1 leyond the plume, as in the woodpecker family. OKTHOPED'ie, ^ a. Relating to ORTHOPEO'ICAL, I orthopedy, or ()RTHOP^i:D'I€, ( theartofcur- ORTHOP^D'IGAL,; ing deformi- ties in children. ORTHOP'EDY, ) n. [Gr.e^fld^straight, ORTHOP'iEDY, f and *«-;, a child.] The act of curing or remedying defor- mities in the bodies of children, or, generally, in the human body. ORTHOP'TEROUS, a. Pertaining to the order Orthoptera; having the wings with straight nervures, so that they fold like a fan. OR'TIIOSTYLE, n. [Gr. c^Oa, straight, and aTv\i>;, a column.] In arch., a term applied to a columnar arrangement, in which the columns are placed in a straight line. ORTHOTROPAL, ) a. [Gr, cgfos, ORTHOT'ROPOTjS,) straight, and TgiTi.;, to turn.] In hot., (l.) A term ap- plied to the embryo of the seed where, when its radicle is situated near the liilum, the embryo being then erect with respect to the seed, as in the apple, &;c. (2.) When applied to the ovule, it denotes that its axis is rectilineal, and that the nucule has its base next the 287 hilum, the foramen of the ovule, which indicates the position of the future radicle, being at the opposite extremity, as in Cistus, Urtica, &c. Thus, an or- thotropal embryo is never the result of an orthotropal ovxde, but of an anatro- pal one. ORTOLAN, n. [add.] In the West In- dies, the rice-bird {DoUchonyx oryzl- vnri/s) is also so called. OU'TYX, «. [Gr. •§T(/g,a quail.] A genus of gallinaceous birds, which may be re- garded as the partridges and quails of Culirornian Quail, Ortyx catlforittai- America, but dift'ering from those of the eastern hemisphere in some striking feature.^. They have a shorter and stouter beak, more convex above, and some have remarkable recurved top- knots. ORYGTER'OPUS, n. [Gr. .§i.;.t>;5, a digger, and ^ous, a foot.] A genus of edentate insectivorous animals, partak- ing of the nature both of the ant-eater Earth-wolf, Oryoteropus capetutt. ana the armadillo. The O. ca2>ens{s has received the name of theaard-vark, or eartli-hog, from the Dutch colonists at the Cape of Good Hope, from its habit of burrowing, and from its fancied resemblance to a small short-legged hog. Its taper head and powerful claws are admirably adapted for burrowing. OUYCTES, 11. An extensive genus of laniellicorn beetles of the family Dy- nastidae, the species of which have the thorax often curiously hollowed out, and sometimes armed. OS, n. plur. Ora, [h.\ A mouth; a pas- sage or entrance into any place; also, the face; the countenance. — Os uteri, the orifice of the uterus.— O.v e.vtermtm, the entrance of the vagina, so named to distinguish it from the os internum, or oiitice of the uterus. OS'CILLANCY, n. State of moving backwards and forwards, or of vibrat- ing. OSCILLATO'RIA, n. plur. See Os- cillator. OS'CULANT, a. [add.] That adheres closely ; that embraces ; applied to cer- tain creeping animals, as caterpillars. OS'CULATE, V. t. To salute with a kiss; to kiss; to touch or come in con- tact, as two curves. 8u OSTROGOTH OUSTER-LE-MER OUTRATE OS'CULE, n. [L. o^cw/um, a small mouth.] A small bi-Iabiate aperture. O'SIER, a. Made of osier or twigs ; like osier. OS'MA>XI, n. In Tnrkeu, an official functionary; a placeman. The Arabs disdain the title of Osmanli, but the Oriental Christians desire it, as it en- titles them to carry arms. — [Fontanier.^ The term osmanlU is often, but errone- ously, applied to all Turks. OS'MIt; ACID, ». ^ce Osmium. OSMUND-ROYAL, n. The Osmnnda regnlisy or tlo we ring-fern, the root of which, when boiled, is very slimy, and is used in stiffening linen. It is also used as a tonic and stj-ptic. \See Flower ixn-FERN.] OS'NABURGS. n. Coarse linen cloth manufactured in Angus, in Scotland, so named from its resemblance to that made at Osnaburg. in Germany. OS'SA, H. pUtr. of Os. [L.] Bones. Ossa innominata, in anaf., two lar;;e bones situated on the sides of the sacrum. OSSIC ULATED, a. Furnished with small bones. OSSIF EROUS, a. [add.] Ossifero7ts breccia. [See under Osseous.] OSTEN SIBLE, a. [add.] Calculated or destined to serve the purposes of mere appearance, form, or show; as, tlie sovereiirns of Sweden, Denmark, and Poland were, by the nobles, rednced to the condition of mere ostetwibfe heads of the government. — [De Lohne'\ OSTEN'SIBLE PARTNER, n. In Jaw, one whose name is made known, and appears to tlie world as a partner, and is really stich. OSTEN SXVELT, adv. In an ostensive manner. OS'TEO. [Gr. orr;*r a bone.] A prefix, denoting the presence of bone. OSTEOCOL'LA, w. [add.] An infe- rior kind of glue obtained from bones. OSTEOLETIS,?!. [Gr.wTw;. bony, and Aiff*;, a scale.] A curious genus of fishes, ■with large bone-like scales, found in a fossil state in the old red sandstone of Scotland. OSTE'OMA, n. A bony tumour. OSTEOPTERYG lOUS, n. [Gr. cjncf, and TTS'^I. a wing or fin.] Having bones in the fins. Same as Acaxthoptert- GIOUS. OS'TEO-SARCOMA, n. [Gr. «fr.», and je«, a stone.] Calcareous concretions formed in the lab\Tinth of fishes and fish-like amphibia. OTOL'ITHUS, H. [Gr. ^;, <^.-o;, and Aj5o;.j a subgenus of tishes belonging to the family Scienidie, Inliabiting the Indian Ocean and Atlantic coasts of America. The O. regalis, or weak- fish, is used as food in North America. OUBLIETTES, «. phir. (oo-ble-ef.) [Fr.J A dungeon with an opening only at the top for the admission of air, used for persons condemned to perpetual imprisonment, or to perish secretlv. OUCH, n. [add.] A je%vel. OUGHT,f adv. In any way; in any de- gree ; at all. [Chaucer.] OUGHT, V. imperfect, [add.] Owned; possessed ; had a right to. [Spenser.] OUGHT'EN,t \plur. of Ought ; as, we OUGHTE,f / owf/Afen to require this with great contrition and humility. [Chaucer.] OUN'DE,f jh [Fr. onde.] "Work waving up and down ; a kind of lace; a curl. OUND'ED,t ^ a. [add.] Imitating OUND'ING,t S waves. [Chaucer.] OURANG'-OUTANG'.n. See Orwg- OUTANG. OURANOG'R.\PHIST, h. One who describes the heavens. OURES.f Ours. [Chaucer^ OUKETTC ACID, i>. [Gr. ...». urine.] A supposed new acid of Proust and Bergman, shown by Klaproth to be bi- phosphate of soda. OU'RIE. a. Chill. [Scotch.] OUR'L6P,t n. [Sax.] The fine paid to tiie lord by the inferior tenant, when his daughter was corrupted or de- bauched. OURN. Vulgarism for Ours. OUS. A chemical termination denoting an acid containing one equivalent less of the acidifying principle than those whose names end in ic. OUS' EN, ) ^ re . n OWS'EN,) "•^■^^"- [S<^ofch.] OUS TER-LE-MER, k. [Ouster, and Fr. le mer, the sea.] Beyond the sea. — In /atr, a cause of excuse if a person, being summoned, did not appear. 28S OUT,a(/r. [add.] Completely; thorough- ly ; as, thou hast beat me out twelve several times. [Shah.] — Out-and-out, wholly ; completely ; thoroughly ; without reservation. — As an atfjectivef thorough-paced ; extreme ; going to the extremes. [CoUoq.] — Out of trim, the state of a ship when she is not properly balanced for sailing. — Out of fix, disar- ranged; in a state of disorder. [Ame- rica}!.] — Out of sorts, out of order; disordered ; unwell. [Familiar.] — Out of all whooping^ beyond all measure. [Shah.] — Out of all cess, excessively. [Shah.] OUTBRIBE', I'./. To exceed in bribery; to surpass others in the value of bribes given. OUT BY, adv. Abroad; without; out from; at some distance, [Scotch.] OUT'BY, a. Remote or sequestered. [Scotch.] OUTDAZ'ZLE, u. i To surpass in dazzling. OUT'ED, a. Put out; ejected; extin- guished; ended. OUTFANG'THEF,tn. In/rtU',aliberty or privilege, whereby a lord was enabled to call any man dwelling in his manor, and taken for felony in another place out of his fee, to judgment in his own court. OUT FIT, n. [add.] Equipment in ge- neral. OUT FITTER, n. One who fits or makes an outfit; one who furnishes the necessary means or equipments for a vovage or expedition. OUT-GOER, 7(. One who out-goes; one who leaves any place, territory, or land. OUT'-GOING, j)^r. ora.[add.J Going out ; removing ; as, an out-going tenant. [Scotch.] OUT'-HAUL.n. Sameas Out-Haulek, — ichich sec. OUT'HAULEK, n. After the words " the tack of the jib," insert, and the jib-traveller. OUT'HEES.t \n. [Out, and Fr. huer, OUT'HEYS,t f to hoot, to shout, to cry out, to make hue and cry. See Hue.] Outcrv. [Chaucer.] OUT-HOUSES, «. Buildings belonging and adjoining to dwelling-houses. OUT-LAND, n. Laud lying beyond the demesne, and granted out to tenants at the will of the lord, like copyholds. OUTMAN(EU VRE, v. t. To surpass in manceurring. OUTMAN'TLE, v. t. To surpass in dress or ornament. [Cowper.] OUT NESS, n. An external form or show. [liare.\ OUT OF COURT, In law, a plaintiff in an action at common-law must de- clare within one year after the service of a writ of summons, otherwise he is oui of court, unless the court shall have, by special order, enlarged the tira^ for declaring. OUT-OF-DOOR', a. Being out of the house, or in the open air; exterior. — Same as Out-Dooe. OUT-OF-THE-WAY, a. Uncommon; unusual. OUT -PaRTERS,! n. Stealers of cattle. OUT-PATIENT, n. A patient not re- siding in an hospital, but who receives medical advice, &c., from the institu* tion. OUT'-PUTERS,t n. Those who set watches for the robbing of any manor- house. OUTRAl'E,t V. i. [Out, and Sax. rean. OVERCHARGE OVER-LYING OVERSHOT to flow, to ran.] To fly o^^t; to be out- rageous; to exceed ; to excel. [Choi- cer, Skelion.] OUTKAP', V. f. To surpass in rapping; to exceed in loudness of raps at a door. [Pope.] OUTKEDE'.t "■ t. [Out, and Sax. md, counsel.] To surpass or excel in coun- sel. [Chw/cer.] OUT'RELY.t adv. (out'erly.) [Fr.] Utterly. \( /taitcer.] OUTRENNE'.t "• t. To outrun. [Chau- cer.] OUT-SeOLD', !J. t. To surpass in scold- ing. [Sliiift. i OUT'-SETTLER, n. One who settles at a distance from the main body. OUT'-SHOT, n. A projection ; the pro- jectin^part of an old buildinj;. [Scotch.] OUT'SIDE, a. Belonging to the super- ficies; e.xterior; being "without; con- sisting in show. OUT'SPKEAD, pp. or a. Extended; expanded. OUTSTANDING-TERM, i>. A term in gross at law, which, in equity, may be made attendant upon the inherit- ance, either by express declaration or implication. OUTSTRAUGHT',t P»- of Out- stretch. Outstretched. [Chaucer.] OUT'-TAKE,t /""cp. Except; besides. OUT-TAKE',t "• '• To take out; to except. [Chaucer.] OUT-TA'KEN,t pp. Talicn out; ex- cepted ; as, out-tahen Chriat on loft, that is, Christ in heaven being excepted. [Chaucer,] OUTWAKD-CHARWES, n. The pi- lotage or other charges incurred by a vessel in departing from any port. Those incurred in entering any port are termed inward charges. OUT'WARDNESS, n. State of being outward. OUT'WARDS, ado. [add.] Entered outwards, is when a vessel is entered at the custom-house to depart for foreign parts. AVhen she arrives, she is entered inwards. OUTWEIGHED, pp. Exceeded in weight, value, or importance. OUTWEIGH'ING, vpr. E.xceeding in weight, value, or influence. OUTWORK', V. t. To surpass in work or labour. OUZE, n. See Ooze. OU'ZEL, «. See Ousel. O'VA, n. plur., sing. Ovum. [L.] Eggs; the small vesicles within the ovary which contain the embryo. O'VALLY, adv. So as to be oval. OVA'RIUM, n. An ovary, — which see. 0'VELTY,t n. See Owelty in this Siipp. OV'ENLESS, a. Destitute of an oven. O'VER, pi'ep. [add.] Orer is sometime.s, by American writers, barbarously put for under; as, he wrote over the signa- ture of Junius, for wnt/er the signature; he published some papers over his own signature, for under his own signature. — Over ail, in every case ; on every side. [Chaucer.] OVER-BAL'ANCED, pn. Weighed down ; exceeded in weight or import- ance. OVER-BURDENED, pp. or a. Over- loaded. OVER€XST', pp. [add.] Sewed over. OVERCAST', V. t. [add.] To over- throw. OVER-CAU'TIOUSLY, adv. Cau- tiously to excess. OVERCHARGE', V. t. To carry to an extreme; to exaggerate. OVER-CLOUDED, pp. Overspread with clouds. O VERCOAT, n. A top-coat; a great- coat. OVERCO.M'ING, PP7: or a. Van- quishing; subduing; getting the better of. OVER-eON'FIDENT, a. Confident to excess. OVERCOUNT', V. t. [add.] To be supe- rior in forces ; to defraud, with of. [Shah.] OVEUeRAW',t V. t. To crow over ; to insult. [Spenser.] OVER-CROW', 1'. ( To crow, as in triumph. OVER-CU'RIOUS, a. Curious or nice to excess. OVERDiGHT.t pp. [See Dight ] Covered over. [•S;>e/i^er.] OVER-DILIGENT, a. Diligent to excess. OVER-DRESSED, M). Adorned to excess. O VERDRIV'EN, pp. Driven too hard. OVER-DUE', a. Past the time of pay- ment, as a bill of exchange. By law, an over-due bill under £5 cannot be indorsed. O VER-E AT'EN, pp. or a. Having eaten too much. 0'VEREST,t a. superl. Uppermost. [Chaucer.] OVER-ES'TUMATE, n. An estimate that is too high. OVER-EXCiT'ED, a. Too much ex- cited. O'VER-EXCITE'MENT, n. Excess of excitement, 0'VER-FATlGUE,n.Excessivefatigue. OVER-FATl'GUE', v. t. To fatigue to excess. OVER-FEED', v. t. To feed to excess. OVER-FILL', V. t. To fill to excess; to surcharge. OVERFLOUR'ISH, r. t. [add.] To flourish or adorn superficially. [SAaA] OVER-FLOWN', ()p. [add.] Flooded; drowned. [Shah.] OVER-FLUSH ED, pp. Flushed to ex- cess ; reddened to excess ; elated to excess. O VER-FULL', a. Too full. OVERGO', V t. [add.] To pass over or through. iShah.] OVEKGKASTE ,tpp Overgrown with grass. [Spenser^] 0'VER-GRET',t n. Too great. [Chau- cer.] OVERHAn/,t ". *■ To draw over. [See Haul.] [Spetiser.] OVERHAUL', 11. t. [add.] To overhaul a .ihip or her riijijing, ^;c., is to examine and repair it. — To overhaul a ship also signifies to search for contraband goods. — A cable is said to overhaul when it slips round the windlass, while the vessel is at anchor. OVERHAUL',)!. Examination; inspec- tion ; repair ; as, the vessel has got a thorough overhaul. O'VER -KIND'NESS, n. Excessive kindness. [A'ArtA] OVER-LADDE',t Ip;'. Overborne; OVER- LEDE'.t ) overladen. [Chau- cer.] O'VEK-LARGE', a. Too large; too great. OVER-LEAPED, pp. Leaped over; passed by leaping. OVERLOOK.', V. t. [add.] To let pass without chastisement or resentment ; as, to overlook an insult. [Hume.] OVER-LY'ING, pin: Lying over or upon something. — Ovcr-li/ituj rocks, in geol., a term apidied to those rocks 283 which appear lying over, or interspersed among, the stratified rocks. They are also termed interjected rocks. OVERMAS'TER, v. t. [add.] To retain by superior force ; as, to overmaster a crown, [.SAaA.] OVER-MATCHED, pp. or a. Ex- ceeded in power; overpowered; van- quished. 0'VER-MER'ILY,t adv. Too merrily. [Chaucer.] 0'VERMOCHE',t «■ Overmuch; too great. [Chaucer.] OVEKMULTITUDE, i>. (. [add.] To become unmanageable to, by increase of number. The Ijeaats would otermultittide tlieir lords. Millon. OVERNOME',t pp. of Overnime. [See NiME or NiM.] Overtaken. [Chaucer.] OVERPART', !>. (. To assign too high or too dirticult a part to. [Sliah.] O VER-PASS'lONATE, a. Passionate to excess O'VEK-PASS'IONATELY, adv. With too much passion. OVEU-PAST',t for Pass over. {Spen- ser. ] OVER-POWERING, vpr. or a. Bear- ing down by superior power ; irresist- ible; subduing. OVERPRIZE', V. t [add.] To surpass in value ; as, this o'erprizes all ordinary rate. [tSfiah.] O'VER-READ'ILY, adv. With too much readiness. OVER-READ INESS, «. Excess of readiness. OVER-READY, a. Too ready. OVERRIDE', V. t. [add.] To outride; to pass in riding. [iikah.\ OVER-SAT'UKATE, v. t. To saturate to excess OVER-SAT'URATED,p/). More than OVER-SCRUPULOUS, a. Scrupu- lous to excess. O'VER-SCRU'PULOUSNESS, n. Ex- cess of scrupulousness. O VER-SCUTCUT',t a. Much flogged or whipped. O'VERSE'ER, M. [add.] Overseers of the poor are officers appointed by jus- tices of counties or boroughs for par- ishes, under the 4:J Eliz., c. 2, and for townships under the 13 and 14 Car. II., c. 12. They cannot be less than two, nor more than four, for one parish or township. Before the passing of the 'Poor-law Amendment Act, it was the business of an overseer as «ell to ap- propriate and distribute, as to make out and collect the poor-rates; and in cer- t:dn cases he «as judge of the neces- sities of applicants for, and receivers of parochial relief. By the act above mentioned, however, the authority of an overseer of the poor is limited, by transferring to a board of guardians such portion of his duties as related to ascertaining fit objects for parochial relief, the amount of relief to be given, and the manner of giving it. By the same act assistant-overseers, to take the duties of five or six townships, are appointed by the commissioners. O'VERSE'EKSHIP, n. The office or station of an overseer. OVERSET TING, ppr. Turning upon the side, or bottom upwards ; subvert- ing; overthrowing. OVEUSHINE', V. t. To outshme; to surpass in brightness. [Shak.] OVERSHOOT', V. t. [add.] To defeat; to foil. [Shnk.] OVERSHOT', j>i). Shot beyond. OVDLA OXY OZON OVERSLAUGH', r, t. [Dutch, over- slaan.] To skip over; to pass over; to omit. \A word used by New Yorh poUliciaits.] OVEKSLEl'T', rp. Slept too long. OVEllSPK.VDDE'.t PP- Overspread. [Chaucer.j OVEUST.-VTE', r. t. To exaggerate in statement ; to state in too strong terms. \Americufi.] OVERSTINK', r f. To surpass in stenel). [>7(((A.J OVEU-STKAIN'ED, a. In mech., stretched or deBected beyond tlie limit of elasticity. OVEKSTUf 'FED, pp. Stutfed to ex- O'VERT, n. [add.] Ovcrl word, in law, an open plain word, not to be misun- derstood. OVERTASK'ED, pp. or a. T.isk^ too heavily. O'VEKTE.t a. Open. [See Overt.] [Chaucer. \ OVERTE'DIOUS. n Too tedious. OVERTUREW'.t prel. of Oeerthrow, V. i. Fell down. \ChfiJicer.] OVERTllR0\V',f ti. I. To fall down; to be prostrated. [Chaucer.] OVERTUROW'ING.t W". of Oeer- throw, V. i. Falling headlong [Chau- cer.] OVERTUWART,t adv. Across; over against. [Chaucer.] O VERTIME'LICUE.t adv. [Sax.] Too soon, or too early. [Chaucer.] OVERTLME'LY.t adv. Too early; pre- maturely. OVEKTl.ME'LY.t a Uusassonable; premature. O VEUTLY, adv. [add.] Negligently; carelessly; overly. [Locke.] O' VERTURE, n. [add.] An open place. [SpeiuK-r.] OVERTURN'ABLE, a. Th.it may be overturned. OVERVIEW, >,. An overlooking; in- spection. [Shah.] OVERWENT'.t pp. Overgone. [Spen- ser.] O'VERW'ORK', n. Excessive work or labour; work done beyond the amount required by stipulation. O'VIBOS, n. De Blainville's name for a genus of ruminant animals of the ox tribe, having horns vcjy wide and touch- ing each other at their base.then applied to the sides of the head, and having the points suddenly turned up. The musk- ox (On'ios moschalus) is the only known species. It is covered with long hair, and has short legs. It is found in the arctic i>arts of North America. OVLD'IAN, a. Belonging to, or resem- bling the Latin poet Ovid. OVIPOSITOR, instead of OVIPO- SITOR, H. [add.] An instnmient with which many insects, especially of the Ovipositor orr.ocustft viridissinm. orders Ilymenoptera, Orthoptera, Cole- optera, and Diptera, are furnished, for depositing their eggs. In some of these it is as long as, or even longer, than the body. O'VOID, a. [add.] H.iving a shape re- sembling tluit of an egg. OVOID AL, a. Same as Ovoro. O'VRAOE.t n. [Fr. ouvraye.] A day's work. O'VRES.f «. Alts: deeds; or works. OVULA, «. plur. [1.. ovulum.] Little eggs ; small vesicles, snch as are found , in the ovary of mammiferous animals. | O'VULE, 1». [add.] A little egg; a O'VULU.M, ) small vesicle; generally synonymous with ovum. 0'VUM,n.7)/!/r.0m.[L.an egg.] In ana/., a small vesicle within the ovary, con- j taining the embryo or rudiments of the fetus. — In arch., a term applied to or- j naments in the shape of an egg, into which the echinus or ovolo is often carved. OWCH'ES.fn. [See Oocu.] Jewels; ornaments of gold. [Spenser.] OW'EL.t ". Equal. OWELTY,! n. [Norman-Fr.] Equa- lity. — In law, a kind of equality of ser- vice in subordinate tenures. OWEN,t pi'ir, of the verb to owe. [Chaucer.] OWEN,t |.W>. of Oicc. Owed; pos- OWE.t I sessed; owned. [CAai/cei-.] OWER, prep. Over; beyond; above. [Scotch.] O WER, adv. So as to be upper or above ; too; too much ; excessively. [Sco/cA.j OWERBY, adv. Over the way; a little wav across. [ScoicA.] OWER-eOME.n.Overplus; the chorus of a song. [iScofcA.] OW'ERL.VY,) , O'ERXA Y, i";^ *',"^?* ; * coTenng. O VERLAY, ) [*™'<;A1 OWERLOUP', r. /. To get over a fence; to trespass on another's property. [Scotch.] OWERLOUP, V. An occasional tres- pass of cattle; the stream-tide at the change of the moon. [Sct>^c/i.] OWE in'AEN',i>i).Overtaken. [Scotch.] OWERWORD, n. The burden of a song. [ScofcA.] O'WHERE.t adv. [Sax.] Anywhere. [Chaucer.] OWL, f. i. To carry on a contraband or unlaw ful trade ; to skulk about with contraband goods. Own, a. [add.] True ; real ; as, no member of his speech but consisted of the oK'/i graces. [B. Johnson.] OWND'IE.t a [See Unut.] Waving. [Chaucer.] OWNED, pp. [add.] Claimed; pos- CpCCpQ OW'SEN. n. O.xen. [Scotch.] OW'THER,t conj. Or; either. [C7irt»- cer.] OX'-ACID, n. An acid containing oxygen. OX'-BIRD, 71. The sanderling {Arenaria vulgaris). OX'-BOW, 71. A curved piece of wood encircling an ox's neck when yoked. OX'-EYE, .1. [add.] Also the name of the larger titmouse (Parus major). OX'GATE, n. SeeOx-GANu. OX'-GoAD, 11. A long rod, with a sharp point or goad, for driving oxen. OX'-HIDE, n. The skin of an ox; a j measure of land. [See Hide.] I OX'IDATOR, n. A contrivance for causing the externa! current of air to ' impinge on the flame of the Argand lamp. j OXIDIZABLE, a. That may be oxi- I dized. ! OXIDIZER. H. That which oxidizes. OX ISALT, n. See Oxvs.^tT. OX'ON, 1 „ . ^ <■ J OXO'NI V I Roman names tor Oxford. OXO'NI.VN, n. A member or a gra- duate of the university of Oxford. OX Y. [Gr. ojvc. acid.] A prefix de- noting, in some terms, the presence of acidity; in others, the presence of oxy- gen ; in a third class of terms, acuteness •J'M of sense or function ; and lastly, sharp- pointeduess. OX'Y-AL't'OIIOL BLOWPIPE, n. An apparatus, contrived by Dr. Marcet, for increasing temperature. It consists in urging the fiame of an alcohol-lamp by a blowpipe supplied withoxvgen gas. OXYCHLO'Rlt; ACID, n. Perchloric 6xYCO€'€US, for OXYCOCCUS. OXYCRO'CEUM, n. A warm discutient plaster, consisting of wax, resin, tur- pentine, satfron, and several gums. OX'YGENATED WATER, n. The peroxide of hydrogen. O X' Y G E NO US AERATED- WATER, n. An aqueous solution of the protoxide of nitrogen. OX YGEN -WATER, n. A solution of oxygen in water. OXYGO NlAL.n. SameasOxvGONAi. OXY'OPY, 1». [Gr. .Jv!, acute, and OXYO'PI.i, ) c-iis, vision.) Acuteness of sight, arising Irom increased sensibi- lity of the retina. OXYPH ONY, )H. [Gr. .|w, acute, OXYPHOKI.V, f and fm, voice.] .\cutcness or shrillness of voice. OXY'RIA, n. .V genus of plants, nat. order Polygonacea?. 0- 7-enifonnL^, mountain-sorrel, is the only species. It is found on the highest mountains of Great Britain. OX'YS.\LT, J n. A compound, in which OXYSEL, ) oxygen is found both in the acid and in the base, as phosphate of soda. [See OxisELS. I OXYS TOMES, n. [Gi-. «{«, and rr.u., a mouth ] The name given by MiUie Edwards to the fourth and last family of brachyurous crustaceans, from the parts ofthe mouth converging to apoint. OX'YTONE, fl. instead of OXYTON. OX'YTONE, «. instead of OXYTON. OXYU'RVS, It. A genus of South Ame- rican birds. — Also, a genus of eutozoa. OYES , instead of OYES. OYEZ . See OrES. OY'SANITE, n. See Oisanite. OYS'TER-BED, n. A bed or breeding- place of oysters. OYSTER-CATCHER, n. Hwmato- pus, a genus of wading birds which reside on the sea-shore, and feed on marine animals. The if. ostialeijus, or sea-pie, is a British species, abounding on the western coast of England. This bird is provided w ith a beak somewhat longer than the plover or lapwing. It is straight, pointed, comijressed into a wedge, and sufficiently strong to enable it to force open the bivalve shells ot oysters, on v\ hich it feeds. [See cut in Diet, under Pica.) OYS TER-GREEN, n. A plant, the Ulva latissima, Linn. ; also called greeit-laver and green'.*!tohe. OZ. An abbreviation used for ounce or ounces. OZON, ^ n. [Gr. .r», to smell] The O'ZONE, ) name given by Professor Schonbein, of Basle, to au odour evolved during the progress of certain electro- chemical decompositions. It is also produced by common electric sjiarks, and by the working of an ordinary electrical machine. It is evolved at the anode, or positive-pole, of a galvanic battery, along w ith oxygen, dm-ing the electrolization of water, dilute sulphu- ric acid, solutions of phosi)horic and nitric acids, potassa, and many oxjsalts. Ozone is considered by Schonbein to be a tritoxide or peroxide of hydrogen, and that it is contained both in air and water. PACKING-PRESS PAIL-BRUSH PALATO-SALPINGEUS PA, 71. An infantine abbreviation of papa. PA'AS, n. [Dutch, paasclt.] The name commuiily given to the festival of Easter in the state of New York. PA'CA. For " Celogeujs," read Coelo- genys. PACE, \ p . Ys' r"- Easter. [Scotch.] paschJ PACE, n. [add.] in the viancje, the pace is of three kinds — the walk, the trot, and the gallop, to which may be added an amble. PACE, V. L [add.] To walk over with measured paces ; as, the sentinel paces his round. PACE,t V. i. or t. [Fr. iiasser] To pass away; to surpass; to exceed. [Chau- cer.] PA€H'AeA^rA€, n. Tlie name given by the idolaters of Peru to the being whom tiiey worsliipped as the creator of the universe, and who was held by them in the highest veneration. PA€HyBLEPUARO'SIS,H.[Gr.^«x:.,-, thick, and (3Mains, though of plural form, is used in the above senses as singular, and is joined with a singular verb ; a;;, thepa;/(5 they had taken icaA" very great; no pains is taken ; great pains is taken; viuch pains. PAINT, V. t. [add.] To embellish rheto- r[cally. [Shak.\ PAINT'ER, n. In the United States, the popular name of the cougar or panther {Felts concolor). PAlNT'EirS-PUROE, v. A medicine used in painter's colic. It consists of a decoction of senna, with sulphate of magnesia, and wine of antimony. PAINT'ER-STAINERS, n. A company of the incorporated trades in the city of London. PAINT'ING, n. [add.] The act or em- pjoyment of laying on colours. PAINT'-STRAKE, 7*. In ships, the up- permost strake of plank immediately below the plank-sheer. It is also called the sheer-strake. [See Straki:.] PAlRE,t V. i. [Fr.] To impair; to hurt; to injure. [Chaucer.] PAlS,t 7i. [Fr. pays.] A county; the people out of whom a jury is taken. PAIX'HAM GUN, n. [From the name of the inventor.] A howitzer of great weight and strength, for throwing shells of a very large size. PAK'FONG, H. -See Pacrfong. PAL^ONTOGRAPH'ICAL, a. Rela- ting to the description of fossils. The Paloiontoijraphical Society of London have published many quarto volumes. PAL'ASINS,t /(. p/"r. [From Fr. palais.] Ladies palasins,\iidies belong- ing to the court. [Chaucer] PAL'ATABLY, ado. In a palatable manner: agreeably. PAL'ATE, n. [add.] In man the r^l^te is composed of two parts, one of which, called the hard palate, forms an arch in the anterior part of the niuuth, and the other, called the soft palate, lying in the posterior part of the mouth, con- sists of a membranous curtain of mus- cular and cellular tissue, from the middle of which hangs the uvula. PALA'TO-PHARYNGE US, n. [L. jmlaium, the palate, and ])hari/mjeus, from Gr. (?x^v-A. the pharynx.] A muscle situated at the side of the entry of the fauces. It assists in shutting the pas- sage into the nostrils, and in swallow- PALA'TO-SALPINGE'US, n. [L. palatum, and Gr. ffaXr^yl a tnmipet.] PALl-UOLDEK PALSGRAVINE A muscle of the palate ; called also the circiim ftcrtts-paltiti muscle. PALATUM, n. [L.] The palate. Pale, n. in bal., a nrord coined by Dr. Lindley, as the translation of the Latin palea, chaff, as applied to the bracts of grasses, &c. PALE. V. I. To turn pale, f Poetical.] PAL'EIS.t n. A palace. [Chaucer.] PALEOGliAPHEK, n. One skUled in paleography. PALEOGRAPH'ie, \a. Pertain- PALEOGRAPHICAL, J ingtopale- oirraphv. PALEOG'R APIIIST, n. One versed in paleoeraphv ; a paleographer. PALEOG'KAPHY, instead of PA- LEO'GRAPHY. PALEOSAU'RUS, n. See Pai^osau- RUS. PALESTIN'EAN, a. Belonsins to Pa- lestine. PALES'TRALL PLAlES.t n. pi [L. pal(esiriciis] Athletic games, which were celelirated at the funerals of the sreat. [Chaxcer.] PALES TRICAL, a. Same as Pales- TRIC. PALETTES', n. (pgiletts'.) [Fr.] In atic. armour, protective plates for covering the junc- tion of the armour at the arm-pits, the bend "^ of the shoulder, and elbows. They were sometimes circular, and sometimes in the form of shields. PALE WISE, n. In her., thesameas/»«/y, — which pTl'FREIS,+ n. Pal- ^''""^ freys ; horses for the road, as dis- tinguislicd from stedes (steeds), which are horses for the battle. [Chaucer.] PALieOU RE.V, n. A genus of plants, nat. order RubiaceiB or Cinchonaceoe. The species are American shrubs, wholly destitute of pubescence. Pali- courea marcgraavii is a poisonous plant, used in Brazil to kill rats and mice. The leaves of Palicourea speci- osa, or gold-shrub, are said to be anti- syphilitic. Tlie decoction in large doses forms a real poison. Palicourea o.fi- ciualis is reported to be a powerful diuretic; and Palicourea tinctoria, forms a fine red dye, much valued in Peru. PAL'ING, n. [add.] Stripes on cloth re- sembling pales. [Cliaucei'.] PaL'ING-jMAN, 71. In law, a merchant denizen, or one born within the English pale. PAL'INODY,t n. A palinode. PALISA'DO, i\ t. Same as Palisade. PAL'KEE, n. [Hind.] In the East Indies, a palanquin. PALL, H. [add.] A detent or click, that is. a small piece of metal or wood which falls between the teeth of a ratchet- wheel or of a windlass, to prevent its revolving backwards. [See cut in Did. Pawl.] — Also, in ancient costume, the name given to fine cloth used for tlie robes of nobles. P.\I.L,t "■ Nausea, or nauseating. PALLA'DlON.t ". See Palladium. [ Chaucer. ] PAL'L.Vll, n. A species of antelope {Antilope melampus) found in South Africa. P ALL'ED, pp. [add.] Made pale. [Chau- cer.] PALL'-IIOLDER, 1 n. Terras applied PALL'-BEARER, ) to those who at- tend the coITin at a funeral, from the l^all, or covering of the body which they formerly carried. PAL'LIAL, a. Pertaining to a mantle, especially the mantle of shell-fishes. PALLIASSE', n. 5ep Paillasse in this Su/ip. PAL XI ATE, V. t. [add.] To cloak. PAL'LIO-BRAN€HIA TA, n. fL. pallium, a mantle, and branchia:, gills.] A class of acephalous mollusca,in which the gills are developed from tlie mantle. This term is synonymous with brachio- poda of Cuvier. PAL'JI A. V. [L.] Tlie palm of the hand. PAL'MAK, n. [add.| Long palmur muscle, a muscle whicli is a tlexor of the wrist. — Short palmar muscle, a muscle which contracts the skin of the palm. PAL'MATE, n. A salt formed ofpalmic acid and a base. PAL'MATELY, adv. In a palmate manner. PA LM ATIL'OB.VTE, a. [Palmate, and lobale.] In bnt.. a palmate leaf, in which the lobes are divided to an uncertain depth. PALMATIP '- kifT, ARTITE, a. mi [Palmate, and par/iVe.] A pal- mate leaf, in which the lobes are di- vided beyond the middle, and the parenchyma is not iuterrupted. P A L M A T I - SE€'TED, a. [Palmate, and L. sectus.] A palm- ate leaf, in which the lobes are di- vided down to the midrib, and the parenchyma is interrupted. PALM'-BIRD, n. A beautiful bird of West Africa, with bright orange and black plumage; named from building its nest in palm-trees. PALM'ER, V. !. To go about feebly from place to place. Pron. paw'mer. [Scotch.] PALMERES,t n. (paw'mers.) Palmers ; pilgrims to foreign parts. [Chaucer.] PALM'EUING, ppr. Walking about feebly. Pron. pawm'ering. [5co/c/i.] P.ALM'-KALE, n. A variety of the cab- bage extensively cultivated in the Chan- nel Islands. It grows to the height of ten or twelve feet, and has much the aspect of a palm. PA'LO-DE-VA'CA, n. [Sp] The cow- tree, — which see. PALPA TION, n. [adj.] In patho., manual examination, or a method of exploring the abdomen by touch and pressure, for tlie purpose of ascertain- ing its form, size, &c. PAL'PEBRA. n. [L.] The evelid. PAL'PEBRAL, a. Pertaining to the eyelids. P.AL'PEBROUS, a. Having large eye- lids. PALPICORNS, 1 ». [L. palpi, feel- P.\LPI€OR'NES, I ers, and cornu, a horn.]A family of pentaraerous coleop- tera, having anteniue with club-like temiinations,which are usually shorter than one of tlie pairs of palpi. They are mostly aquatic. PALSGRAVINE, n. The consort or widow of a palsgrave; a lady of the rank of a palsgrave. 292 PANCHA-T ANTRA PAL'SY-WORT, or PASS'-AVORT, n. A plant once thought good for palsy. PAL'TRILY, adv. Despicablv; meanlv. PiVLDDAMEN'TUM, n. In antiquit:/, the peculiar military dress of a Roman general under the republic, and after- wards worn by the emperors. P.\LUDI'NA. n. [L. pains, a pool.] A genus of fresh-water snails, widely dif- fused in rivers and ponds. PALII'DINOUS, a. Pertaining to marshes or fens ; pertaining to the pa- ludina. PAM'BAN-JIANCUE,) n. Alongnar- SER'PENT-BOAT, i- row Indian SNAKE-BOAT, ) boat, used on the Malabar coast, for conveying persons on the rivers and back-waters. The snake-boat is hollowed out of a single tree, and is thirty to sixty feet long, and not exceeding three feet broad. The' largest ones are sculled by twenty men, double-banked, and when pressed they attain a speed of twelve miles an hour. P.\MP'.\S, n. The name given to vast plains in some parts of South America, more especiallv in Peru and La Plata. PAM'PERER, 71. One who pampers. PAM'PHILA, n. A genus of diurnal lepidopterous insects of the family Hesperiadse, of which four species are found in the British Islands. PAM PREDjt pp. [Fr. pampre, a vine- branch full of leaves.] Pampered; made plump. [Cliaucer.] PAN, n. [add.] The skull; the head. [Chancer?] PAN, n. [add.] Christ viewed as the Chief Shepherd; as, the great good Pan upon Jlount Olivet. [Spenser.] PAN'ABASE, n. [Gr. »«., all, andfrtwc] A gniv copper-ore. PANACHE, n.(panash'.) [Fr.]In orcA., the French name for a species of peii- dentive, formed by a portion of a do- mical vault intercepted between one horizontal and two vertical surfaces. It occurs when a round tower or dome is carried over a square substructure, as when a dome is raised on the square formed by the crossing of the nave and transept of a church. In this case the panache P becomes a spherical triangle, bounded by three arcs, viz., the arch of the nave .A, tlie arch of tlie transept B, and the circle C, which serves as the springing of the dome or tower. — A group of featliers on the apex of the helmet. P.ANC.XRTE', n. [Fr., L. jmicharta.] A royal charter, confirming the enjoy- ment of all his possessions to a subject. PAN'CHA-T.AN'TRA,>i. A celebrated PANES PANTOLOGY PARABOLA collection of fables in the Sanscrit lan- ^'uage. PANCII'ION,H.[Qu.Fr.i>an5?/, paunch- bellied.] A vessel used in dairies for milk, and in washing, it is common in the south-east of England, where the word is generally understood. PANCHREST US, n. \Gv. ^av,all, and X^'.e»5c;'.] PANORAM ICAL, rt. Same as Panor- amic. PANOR'PIDiE, n. A family of neu ropterous in- sects,thetype of which is the Panorpa communis, or scorpion -fly. It has a long, curiously ar- ticulated anal appen- dage, some- what resem- bling the tail of a scorpion, and hence its common name. PANPHAR'MA€ON,w. [Gr. »«., all, and (fa^ueiHcy, a medicine.] A universal medicine. PANS'WAY, 71. A fishing-boat used on the Ganges, near Calcutta; 26 to 50 feet long, flat, with a rounded stern, and generally surmounted by a shed of planks or mats covered with a thatched roof. PANT, 71. A public well in the street of a town or village. [Loral.] PANT'AGOGUE, n. [Gr. n-^v, all, and ayu, to expel.] A medicine which ex- pels all morbid matter. PANTAGRU'ELISM, n. A burlesque term applied to the profession of medi- cine. [ f/sed by Southei/ in the Doctor.] PANTALETS', 7i. plur. Loose drawers, resembling pantaloons, worn by females and children. PAN'TAMORPH, ji. [See Pantamor- phic] That which has all shapes. PANTHEOL'OOlST, n. One who is versed in pantheology. PANTnEOL'OGY,n.[Gr. T«f,T«.,alI, ©iof, God, and Xoyei, discourse.] An entire system of divinity. PANTHE'ON, H. [add.] In the classics, this word is pronounced pan'theon. PAN'THERINE. a. Belonging to the panther, or resembling it in mark- ing. PANTo'BLES, n. Slippers; pantofles. PAN'TOFLE, or PANTo'FLE. n. PANTOLOG'ICAL, a. Relating to pantology. PANTOL'OGIST, h. One who treats of, or is versed in pantology. PANTOLO'GY, «. [add.] A work or treatise of universal instruction or 293 science; universal knowledge; a dis- course relating to all things. PANTOMIRI'ICALLY, adv. !n the manner of pantomime. PANTOPHOB'IA, n. [Gr. ^a,, j^ir«, all, and .p.;3o,-, fear.] A fear or dread of all things. PANTS, n. plur. An abbreviation of pa7italoons. [American and trivial.] PA'PALLY, adv. In a papal manner; popishly. PAPAVERA'CEOUS, a. Belonging to the poppy. PAP'ELARD,! K. [Fr.] A dissembler; a flatterer ; a hypocrite. [Chaucer.] PAP'ELARDIE,t ii. [Fr.j Uypocrisy ; flattery. [Chaucer.] PAPER-BOOK, n. An issue in law is so called when copied on paper, for the purpose of delivering to the judges; called also demu7'rer-book. Such issues were formerly made up by the clerk of the papers, who was an officer for that purpose, but now by the plaintiff's at- torney or agent. PA'PER-DAYS, H. In each of the com- mon-law courts there are certain days in each term, called paper-days, because the court on those days hear the causes which iiave been entered in the paper for argument before they enter upon motions. PA'PER-HANGINGS.H. i9ee Paper, o. PA'PER-OFFICE, n. An ancient oflice in the palace of Whitehall, where all the public writings, matters of state and council, letters, intelligences, negotia- tions with foreign states, &c., are lodged and disposed by way of library. — Also, an office or room in the court of queen's bench where the records belonging to that court are deposited. It is sume- times called paiier-mill. PA'PER-WHiTE, a. White as paper. PAPETERIE, n. (pap-tree.) [Fr.] An ornamented case or box, containing paper and other materials for writing. PAPIER-LIN'GE, n. [Fr.J A sort of paper manufactured in France. It re- sembles damask and other linen so com- pletely as to require narrow inspection to discover the difference. PAP'IER-MA'CHE, instead of PA'- PIER-MACHE'. Pron. pap'-yfi-ma'- sha. PAPII/IO,?i. [add.] This Linneangenurf of iepidopterous insects has been di- vided, by subsequent entomologists, into manygroups and genera. Upwards of 2500 species have been described in the works of naturalists. PAPILIO'NlDiE, 71. A family of Iepi- dopterous insects, of whicii the genus Papilio is the type. It comprehends the diurnal butterflies. PAPILLA, n. [L.] A small pap or nipple. [See Paplli,^.] PAPIL'LA CON'ICA, n. [L.] The small flattened prominence formed by the optic nerve in tiie interior of the globe, at its bottom. PAP'ILLOTE, n. [Fr.] Small pieces of paper on which ladies roll up their hair. PAP'UA, n. A negro of the Indian Archipelago, so called from the Island of Papua or New Guinea, which is chiefly inhabited by tliis race. PAPYRA'CEOUS,) «. Belonging to PAPYR'EAN, ) the papyrus or papyri. PAR, prep. [Fr.] With; for; by. [Chaucer. | PARAB'OLA, n. In the fig. the letter II is omitted at the extremity of tlu directrix. rAKAPIllMOSlS PARENTELE PARKER'S CEIIENT rAK'ABOLES.t ". pliir. Parables ; the Proverbs of Solomon. [Chancer.] PARACEL SIST, n. A folio iver of Para celsus in medicine, physics, and mysti- cal science. PAR'A€LOSE, n. See Parclose. PARACO-AIENie AClD.n. [Gr.i«.., near to, and comenic] An acid sub- stance obtained from comenic acid, and in many points similar to it. PAKADISEI D.E, n. A family of birds, comprehending the birds of paradise. The birds of this family are exclusively natives of the Asiatic Islands. Some of them are used as ornaments. PARADISI'Af, n. Same as Para- disiacal. PARtmi-l^' U.Kelatingtopara- PARADIS'I€AL,j •*''^' ''''''^"'• PAR'ADOXY, n. State of being para- doxical. PARAF'FLE, n. Ostentatious display. [Scotch] PAR'AOE. n. [L. par, equal.] In law, equality of name, blood, or dignity; but more especially of land, in a divi- sion among heirs. — Birth; parentage. [Chaticer.] PAR'AILLE,+ n. [Fr.] Apparel. [Chaucer.] PARALEIPSIS, ) „ „ PARALIP'SIS, ]"■ ^'^P'iRU-EPSis. PAR'ALLAX, 71. [add.] Angle of par- altar, in optics, the angle which the axes of the eyes, when directed towards an object, form with it at their point of contact. This angle becomes greater as the object is nearer. PARALLEL, a. [add.] Parallel roads, in geol., a phenomenon observed in Glen Roy and some other valleys of the Scottish llighlands, exhibiting very dis- tinctly a series of parallel, and nearly horizontal lines, embracing the sides of the hills, and entering many of the lateral glens, at levels from a few to several hundred feet above the general bed of the valley. They are supposed to have been formed by the operations of a lake, whose waters were succes- sively lowered. PARALLEL, v. i. [add.] To match. For rapes aod raTishmeuts, lie paralteU Nes- sus. s/iak PARALLELOGRAMMAT'ie, a. Re- lating to a paralleloirram. PARALLELOPIP EDO\, n. Same as Parallelopiped, which is the abbre- viated form of the word. PAR.\LYZATION, n. The act of paralyzing. P.ARA.AIEXISPER'MINA, n. [Gr. »«{«. near to, and menispermina.] A crystalline substance, besides menis- permina, found in the seed-coat of Cocculus indiciis. PARAMETER, n. [add.] Parameters of the orhils, in astr., the name formerly given to w hat are now generally termed the elements of the orhit.v. PAR'AMOUXTLT, aJi: In a para- mount manner. P.ARAMOUR.t ) «. Love; g.illantrv. PAR'AMOURS.t) [Chaucer.] PAKAN'THINE, instead of PAR'AN- THIXE. PAR APETED, a. Furnished with a parapet. PARAPHER'NA, n. Same as Para- phernalia. PARAPIII.MOSIS, n. [Gr. i.;«, about, and t^'.utat. to bridle.] An atfection of the prepuce, when it is drawn quite behind the glans-pcnis, and cannot be brought forward again. PARAPHO'NIA, n. [Gr. i-] PE.4.UL'-M0THS, n. A name given by coUectoi-s to moths of the genus Mar- Karitia. PEA1U/-P0WDER, n. A powder used by perfumers. It is obtained from the nitric solution of bismuth by adding a proportion of muriatic acid, and then precipitating by a small quantity of water. PEAR'-SHAPED,a.ShapeaUkeapear. PEAS, w. I'liir. of Pea. [See Pea.] Issue- peas, the young unripe fruit of Curat^oa oranges, dried and turned in a lathe. Issue-peas are also made of tow or flax rolled up with gum-water and wax. PEASE'-BOGLE, n. A scarecrow. [Scotch.] PEASE'-WEEP, ) «. The peewit, or PEESE'-WEEP, ) lapwing. [A'cofcA.] PEAT. n. A pet ; a fai ourite. [Scotch.] PEAT -H.VGG, H. Sloughs in places from whence peat has been dug. [5cofcA.] PEAT-REEK, ji. The smoke of peat ; the flavour communicated to whisky in consequence of its bein^ distilled by means of peats. [Scotch.] PE.\ZE,f 71. [Sp. pesa.] A violent blow ; a stami> of the foot. [57?e/wer.] PECAN', l?i. [add.] A species of PECA'NA, } hickory, Carya oUvifor- viis, and its fruit, growing in North America. The nuts are oblong, very Pecan, Citri/a o'ififc smooth, an inch and a half long, with thin shells, and form a small article of trade in the southern part of the valley of the Mississippi. PECAN-NUT, n. The fruit of the Car- ya olli'iformis, much used at table in the United States. PECCANCY, n. [add.] Criminality; transgression. [Coicper.] PECCARY, 71. See Pecart. PEGH* I "• '• "''"'' P"** • *° P""'' t'S™"^''] PECH'BLENDE, n. See PECirBLEND. PECH'ING, \ ppr. Pnthng and panting; PEGH'ING, (■ breathing h.ard. [Scotch.] PECILOPODE, instead of PECIL- OP'ODE, or PCECILOPODE. PEC'TATE, ti. A compound of pectic acid with a base. PEC'TEN, n. [add.] A vascular mem- brane on the eyes of birds. PECTINATE MUSCLES, n. In anat.. a name given to the muscular fasciculi of the heart, from their resemblance to the teeth of a comb. PECTIN'EAL, a. Same as Pec- TiNAL. PECTINE'US, K. In amt., a flat quad- rangular muscle situated obliquely be- tween the pubes and the little trochan- ter, at the upper and anterior part of the thigh. PECTINIBRANCH'IATE, instead of PEC'TINIBKANCHIATE. PECTORAL, n. [add.] In ich., a pec- toral fin. PEC TORALLY, adv. In a pectoral manner. PECU'LIUM, )i. [L 1 In the Roman laio, the property which a slave might acquire independently of tlie control of his master. — In the civil law, peculiar or exclusive property. PECO NIAL,t a. Pecuniary; paid in money. [Chaucer.] PECU NI.4.RY, a. [add.] Pecuniaru causes, in law, such as arise either from the withholding of ecclesiastical dues, or the doing or neglecting some act relating to the church, whereby damage accrues to the plaintiff, towards obtain- ing a satisfaction for which he is per- mitted to institute a suit in the spiritual court. — Pecuniari/ leijacy, a testament- ary gift of money. FED'A6E,t n. [L. pes, a foot.] Money given for the passing of foot or horse through any country ; a toll paid by passengers. PEDA'LIAN, a. Relating to the feet, or to a metrical foot ; pedal. PEDANTlSM.t n. Oflice or quality of a pedant. PEDDER, n. A pedler; a hawker. [Scotch.] PED'DLER, n. One who peddles. [5ee Pedler.] PEDDLERY, n. See Pedlert. PED DLING, n. The employment of a peddler or pedler. PEDICEL, n. [add.] In zool., a foot- stalk or stem, by which certain animals of the lower orders, zoophytes, &c., are attached. PEDICELLARIA, n. The name given to certain appendages of the echini, and other echinodermata, each consist- ing of a stem or pedicel, bearing at its summit a sort of forceps of calcareous matter, not unlike a crab's claw. PEDLAR, n. 5ce Pedler. PEDUN'CULATED, a. Having a pe- duncle; growing on a peduncle; as, a pedunculated flower. PEEB'LE, n. A pebble. [Scotch.] PEECE,t «■ [See Piece.] A castle; a building. [Si>en.?er.] PEEK, n. In naul. Ian. [See Pe.\k.] PEEK'Y, a. A term applied to timber and trees, in which the fii-st symptoms of decay are shown. [American.] PEEL, n. A pool. [Scotch.] PEEL, II. [A. -Sax. ;n7.J A place of strength or fortification ; a stronghold, the defences of which are of earth mixed with timber, and strengthened with palisades. [See Peel-Tower ] PEEL, V. i. [add.] To be separated, or come off in thin flakes or pellicles. [Swift.] PEELED, pp. or a. [add.] Shaven ; as, a pee/et/ priest. [SAaA.] PEEL'ER, n [add.] A vulgar name for a policeman, from Sir Robert Peel having been the reformer of the police force, and the first to introduce a police costume. PEEN, n. The sharp point of a mason's hammer. [Scy/e/i.| •2'JS PEEN(SE, o. I. To complain ; to whine. [Scotch.] PEEN'GIN, ppr. Complaining; whin- ing. [Sco/cA.J PEER, a. Poor. [Scotch.] PEEK, n. A pear. [Scotch.] PEER, V. i. To make equal or the same rank. [Scotch.] PEERES,t 1. p/«r. Peers; equals; com- panions. [S/'eiij.'er.] PEER'IE, M. A boy's spinning-top set in motion by the pull of a string, in place of being whipped. [Scotch.] PEER'IE, a. Sharp-looking; curious; suspicious. [Scotch.] PEERS, )i. plur. The nobility of the realm, and lords of Parliament. [See Peer.] — Peers of fees, vassals or ten- ants of the same lord, who were obliged to serve and attend him in his courts, being equal in function. PEES.t 1. Peace. [Chaucer.] PEE' WIT, «. For " Fringa," read TYinga. PEGU. V. i. See PEcn in this Supp. PEGHTS, n. The Picts. [Sco(c/i.] PElNE.t M. [Fr., from L. pa:na.] Pen- alty; grief; torment ; labour. [CAawcer.] PEiNE,t I', t. To torture: to put to pain. — She peined hir, she took great pains. [Chaucer.] PEISE,t ) 1. [Sp. pesa] A weight; PEIZE,f J poise ; a blow. [Spenser.] PEISE, If. t. [Fr. peser.} To poise; to PEIZE, ) balance; to keep in suspense; to delay; to weigh down. [SAoA.j PEISE,t v.t. [Fi: poizer.] To poise; to weigli. [Chaucer.] ^eJIe^D^'} pp. Poised. [Shah.] PE'KAN, n. [add.J The Mustela cana- densis, found in Canada and the nor- thern United States. It is also called the jisher, and grows to the length of from three to four feet. PELECA'NUS, n. The pelican, a genus of palmiped birds. [See Pelican.] PEL'EfOID, n. [Gr. «-£Awc..-, a hatchet, and £i8»f, resemblance.] A mathemati- cal figure in the form of a hatchet, con- tained under two quadrantal arcs, and a semicircle. PEL'EKINE, n. [Fr.] A lady's long cape or fur-tippet, with ends coming down before. PELL, n. [add.] A roll of parchment. PELL,t n. [Low L. pela; Eng. a iule or peeL\ A house; a cell; a palace. [Chau- cer.] PELL'ACK, n. A porpoise ; also, a bul- let. [Scotch.] PELL'AOE, n. [L. i^ellis, a skin.] Cus- tom or dutv paid for skins of leather. PELLETED, pp. Formed into pellets or small balls. PELLUCLDLY, adv. Transparently; clearly. PELOPONNE'SIAN, a. Belonging to Peloponnesus, a celebrated peninsula, comprehending? the southern part of Greece; now called the Morea. PELOS'INE, 71. A colourless substance extracted from the root of the Cissam- pelos pareira. It is a powerful base, forming salts with several acids. PELT, I', i. To be clamorous. [Shah.] PELTIDEA, n. A genus of lichens. P. canina is the dog-lichen, or ground- liverwort. P. aphihosa is the thrush- lichen, wliich is purgative and anthel- mintic. PEM'MICAN, \n. [add.] This prepara- PEM'ICAN, ( tion is used in the wilds of North America, and consti- tutes the best and most portable food for the voya'jenrs. PENELOPE PENSION PEPPER-BRAND PENAL €ODE, w. A code or system of laws relating to the punishment of crimes. PE'NAL LAWS, n. Those laws which prohibit an act, and impose a penalty for the commission of it. PE'NAL STATUTES, n. Those stat- utes which impose penalties or punish- ments for an offence eonmiitted. PEN'ANCE, n. [add.] An ecclesiastical censure or punishment imposed by the ecclesiastical law, for the pur(,'ation or correction of the soul of an offender, in consequence of some crime of spiritual cognizance committed by him. — Pain; sorrow. \ Chaucer.] PEN'ANT.t n. A person doing pen- ance. [Chaiteer.] PEN'-CASE, n. A case to carry pens in. PEN'CEL, ) i/.[Dimin.ofPennoH.] PEN'NONCELJ tiie narrow riband- like flag at the head of a lance. PEN'CILLING, n. The act of forming sketches with a pencil ; a sketch. PEN'-€UTTEU, «. One whose occu- pation is to make pens. PENDANT POST, H. In a mediecdl principal Toof-ti'uss, a short post placed a- gainst the wall, having its lower end suppor- ted on a cor- bel or capi- tal, and its upper sup- porting the tie-beam or hammer- beam. — 2. The support of an arch across tlie angles of a square, PENDENT BRIDOE, n. A wooden bridge with abutments only at the ends, and sup- ported by posts and pillars. PENDENTLY, adv. In a pendent or projecting manner. PEND'l€LE,n. A pendant; an append- age; a small piece of ground. [Scotch.] PEND'ING, 7Jrfi>. For the time of the continuance of ; during; as,pendmgthe suit; pending the negotiation. PENDKO, ». A disease in sheep; hy- datid. PENEL'OPE, n. A genus of gallinace- P, Pendant Post tlthcentiin-, Ratinds Church, Northumptonshire. Ciebtuii GuELii, Peneiope crLtuta. ous birds inhabiting the New World. P. cridtata is found in a wild state in Guiana and Brazil, and resembles the curassows both in ai)pearance and man- ners. They are called guans, and, from being variable in plumage, the species are difficult to define. PENETRA'LIA, «, plur. [L.] See Penetrale. PEN'ETRATINGLY, adv. Piercingly; discerningly; acutely. PEN'-GUN, H. A pop-gun. [Scotch.] PE'NIBLE,t n. [Fr.] Industrious; painstaking. [Chaucer.] PENICIL'LIUM, n. A genus of fungous plants found on decaying bodies and in fluids in a state of acetiftcation. P. glaucum is the ultimate state both of tlie vinegar- plant, the flocculent tila- ments of which form a close, tough, crust-like, or leathery web, and also of the yeast-plant, called, in its first stage, Torula cerevisics. PEN'ITENCER,t n. A priest who en- joins penance in extraordinary cases. I Chancer.] PEN'ITENT,n. [add.] Doing penance. [Shah.] P£NlTEN'TIAL,n. [add.] A vagabond who has been subjected to the punish- ment of whipping. [Iludibras.] PENITEN'TIALLY, adv. In a con- trite manner. PENITEN'TIARY, a. [add.] Expres- sive of contrition or penitence; as, a pemientiarjf letter. [i^o.r.] PEN'NACUED, instead of PEN'- NACHED. PEN'NANT, \n. [add.] A small flag at PEN'NON, f tlie head of a knight's lance. — In naval aJfairSyH long narrow piece of bunting carried at the mast- head of a ship-of-war. A hroad-pcn- nani is a swallow-tailed piece carried in the same way in a commodore's ves- sel. [See Pendant.] PEN'NISTONE, n. A coarse woollen stuff or frieze. PEN'NON.t ". A pinion. PEN'NY-A-LiN'EK, n. A term of con- tempt for those who furnish matter for public journals at a penny a line, or some such small price. The penny-a- liners prepare par.igraphs on their own account, and sell copies of the same paragraph to as many joui-nals as will purchase tliem. PEN'NY-GRASS, 7i. A i)lant; penny- royal. PEN'NY-POSTAGE, ». The postage or duty of one penny chargeable on all letters under half-an-ounce in weight, sent to or from any part of the United Kingdom. PEN'NY-STANE, n. A flat stone used as a quoit. [Scotch.] PEN'ON,f n. A streamer or ensign. [See Pknnant.] [Chaucer.] PEN'ON, n. See Pennon. PENS,f n.plur. Pence; pennies. [Chau- cer.] PEN SA, n. [L.] In ancient times,a wey of cheese, salt, &c., equal to 256 lbs. — Ad-pensam, the full weight of 12 oz. troy, which was formerly paid into the exchequer for 1 lb. troy. PEN'SELL,t n. See Pencel in this Supp. [Chaucer.] PEN'SIFEHEAD,t n. [Fr. pensif, and Sax. had, condition .] Pensiveuess. [Chaucer.] PEN'SION, n. [add.] Cicil-list pensions, pensions granted on the civil list to such persons as have just claims on the royal beneficence, or who, by their per- sonal services to the crown, by the per- formance of duties to the public, or by their useful discoveries in science, and 299 attainments in literature and the arts, have merited the gracious consideration f»f their sovereign and the gratitude of their country. The queen is empowered to grant, in every year, new pensions on the civil list to the amount of £1200. PEN'SIONERS, n. [add.] Each indi- vidual of the band of pensioners has an allowance of £150 per annum and two horses. This band is now called the Honourable Body of Gentlemen-at- Arms. — In Shah., 2)ansioner is used for courtier. PENSION-WRIT, n. In ^am, a process issued against a member of an inn of court when he is in arrear for pensions, commons, or other duties. [See Pen- sion.] PEN'-STOCK, n. [add.] The sluice by which the water supplying a water- wheel is regulated in tlie immediate vicinity of the wheel; the barrel of a pump in which the piston plays, and through which the water passes up. — Also, the handle used with a metallic or other pen. PEN'SY, ) «. [Fr. pensif.] Proud and PEN'SIE, ) conceited; spruce. [Scotch.] PENT,t n. A confined accumulation ; inclosure. PENT'AGLE, n. [Low L. pentaculum.] The name given to afigure of three trian- gles, intersected and made of five lines. It was worn as a preservative against demons; and when it was delineated on the body of a man, it was supposed to touch and point out the five places wherein our Saviour was wounded. PENTAGOet'OUS, instead of PEN'- TAGOGGOUS. PENTAG'RINUS, n. A genus of echi- nodenns. | See PiiNTACitiNiTES.] PENTAG'ONALLY, adv. With five angles. PENTAO'YNOUS, instead of PEN- TAGYN'OUS. PEN'TAIL. See Ptilocercus. PENTATEU'GUAL, a. Relating to the Pentateuch. PEN'TEtOSTER, n. [See Pentacos- TER.] A commander of fifty men in ancient Greece. PEN'TEGOSTYS, n. [Gw] In anc. Greece^ a body of fifty men, but the number varied. PENT'-ROOF, n. In arch.y a roof formed like an inclined plane, the slope being all on one side ; called also a shed- roof. Peat-rool. pEM'.TROUGH,H. The trough in which the pen-stock of a water-wheel is placed. PENUL'TIiMATE, n. The last syllable but one of a word. [See Penult.] PEP'EU.t n. Pepper.— 7'o brewepepery to prepaie a hot pungent liquor which should burn the throats of the drinkers. [Chaucer.] PEP'LE,t n. People. [Chaticer.] PEP'LISII,t a. Vulgar. [Chaucer.] PEP'LUS, «. [L. peplum.l In anc. cos- inme, a sort of coverchief worn upon the head, and wound round the neck, sometimes concealing the lower part of the face. PEPPER, 72. [add.] Bird-pepper, a plant of the genus Capsicum, C. fru- tiscens. -^Goat-pepper, another species of Capsicum, the C. baccatum. PEPPER-BRAND, n. A microscopic fungous plant of the genus Uredo, the I/, caries, v/h'icU is destructive to corn. destroying all the interior. It is also called smut -balls. PEKE PERIAIIGER PEKIPIIERIC PEP'PEUIDUE, n. See Pipekidge. PEPPER-MOTH, H. A common species of moth of the genus Biston, so callel from its winsrs being marked with smalt irregular dots like grains of pepper. PEP'SIX, ) «. [Gr. TETr« to digest"; PEP'SINE, J A peculiar animal prin ciple secreted by the stomach, and present in the gastric juice. PEP'TICS, n. Medicines which promote digestion. PER A€'CIDENS, k. [L. by accident.] A term formerly employed in philo- sophical language, to denote an effect which follows from some accidental circumstance or quality, and not from the nature or essence of the thing. — In io(/ic, a mode of conversion of a propo- sition in which the quantity is changed or limited from universal to particular. PERA€T',v.f.[L.perai/o.] To perform to practise. PERAMBULATION, n. [add] A walking through or over ground for the purpose of settUng boundaries. A per- uinhulation of a forestt is a walking overthe boundaries by justices or others, to fix and preserve its bounds. A per- ambulation of a parish, is made by the minister, churchwardens, and pa- rishioners, once a-year. in or about Ascension-week, for the purpose of preserving the boundaries. Manors and lordships may also be perambulated. PER ANNUM, instead of PER' AN- NUM. PER'€A,n. The perch, ;i Linnean genus of acantliopterygious tishes, of nume- rous species. By Cuvier and modern naturalists this genus is broken up into numerous genera, the name being re- tained for a few species, of which our perch is a typical example. The P. fiuciatilis is to be found in clear rivers and lakes throughout nearly the whole of the temperate parts of Europe. It is extremely voracious, and very tenacious of life. Its flesh is firm and delicate. PER €AP'1TA, instead of PER CA- PITA. Pt;R-€AR BIRETTED, a. In chem., combined with a maximum of carbon. [See Pek.] PER'CEL.f adv. By parcels or paits ; partly; in part. [Chaucer. ^ PERCH, n. A bracket. PERCHE,t n. [Fr.] A perch for birds. \ Chaucer.] PERCH'IXG BIRDS, n. Insessorial birds. [See Insessores, Percheks.] PERCHLO KIDE, n. That chloride of a given base which contains the greatest quantity of chlorine; as perchloride oi gold ; perchloride of phosphorus. PER'COID, a. [Gr. ir=.^.»j, perch, and u?fl;, form.] Resembling the perch; be- longing to the perch family. PERGOI X)ES, H. See Pekcid^. PER'COLaTOR, n. A filterer; a fil- tering machine. PERCUS SION.eAP,7j.Asmall copper cap or cup containing fulminating pow- der, and used in a percussion-lock to explode gunpowder. [See Pekcussios- LocK.] PERCUSSIVE, a. Striking; striking against ; as, percussice force. PER'DE.f Same as Parde, — ichich see in this Siipp. [Chaucer ] PER DINGS. t [L. perdo, to waste; to spend foolishly.] ISlen of no substance. PERDI'TIONABLE, a. Fitted for perdition. [Bore.] PERDU', PEU'DU,orPER'DUE,ady. or a. PERE.t 1-. /. To appear. [Chaucer.] PERE,+ n. A peer; an equal. [CAaucer.^ PER'EGALL.f a. See Peregal. [SpeTiser.] PEREGRINATE, a. [add.] Foreign; travelled ; of foreign nature or manners. [Shak.] PEREGRINE, a. [add.] Wandering. [Chaucer.] PERE'LES.t a. Peerless; without an equal. [Chaucer.] PERELLE. n. (perell'.) A plant. [Sec Parflla.] PEirEMPTORY, a. [add.] In late, final and determinate; iis,a.peremptori/ action or exception. — Perempiori/ day, a precise time when business by rule of court is to be spoken to. — Perempiort/ mandamus, a second mandamus, which issues when a return has been made to the first writ, which is found either in- suihcient in law, or false in fact. — Pe~ r emptor y pleas, those which are founded on some matter tending to impeach the right of action itself. — Peremptory writ, a species of original writ, which directs the sheriff to cause the defendant to appear in court without any option given him, provided the plaintiff gives the sheriff security effectually to prose- cute his claim. PKRENNIBRANCHIA'TES, «. L. iteremiis, perpetual, and branchia, giUs.j A division of amphibious animals which preserve their branchiie through the whole period of their lives ; as the pro- teus, the siren, ^'c. PER'FECT, a. [adJ.] Assured. [Shak.] PERFECTIBILIAN, n. An adherent to perfectibilitv. FERFECTIBIL ITY, instead of PER- FECT IBILITY. PERFECTIONATION, n. Act of making perfect. [Not authorized.] PERFECTIONISM, n. The doctrine of the Perfectionists. PEKFEC TIONIST, n. [add.] One who believes th.it some persons actually at- tain to moral perfection in the present life. PERFI 'ClENT.a. Effectual : perform- ing. PERFORATE, a. Bored or pierced through ; penetrated ; applied to leaves through which the stems pass, and also to those penetrated with small holes, j PERFORATION, n. [add.] In vied., a i term employed to denote a solution of continuity, arising from disease of the parietes of a hollow organ, as of the intestines. — Spontaneous perforation, tliat which occurs without having been preceded by any perceptible modifica- tion of function, local or general. PERFUME', \Per'fnme\s used chiefly PER'FUME. S in poetry. PERFUNCTORY, or PERFUNC- TORY, a. PERFU'SION, n. Act of pouring out. PERGAMENEOUS, instead of PER- GAMENOUS, a. PERGUN'NAH, n. In Hindustan, a circle or territory, comprising a limited number of villages. PE RI, 7J. [add.] In Persian m!/th.,au imaginary being like an elf or fairy, re- presented as a descendant of fallen angels excluded from paradise till their penance is accomplished. Tliu* kuhjIjU a peri o'tr Irau's dark sea. Moore. PERI.\NTHIUM, «. [L.] A perianth, — which see. PERIAU'GER, n. [Sp. piragua.] A small schooner without a bowsprit, and with a leeboard, used in the waters of New York and New Jersey. 300 PERIf'JtR Die, ) « , ,. , ^. PERICARDIAct"- Relating to the PERICARDIAL,) P^"^^**^""!- PERICXR'PIUM, H. [L.] A pericarp, PERICHONDRIUM, n. [Gr. «;j, around, and ;t''^4*?- cartilage.] In anat., the synovial membrane wliieh covers cartilage. PERICHORE'SIS, n. [Gr.] A going round about; a rotation. PERICLIN'1UM,H. [Gr. T-*. and*>.v., a couch.] In hot., a name given to the involucrum of composite plants. PERID'IUM, n. [Gr. »:.-,. around.] In bot., the membranous envelope which incloses the spores of fungi, and dis- charges them by an orifice in its side or summit. PERIGLOTTIS, «. [Gr. «;i, and y>jur7ix. the tongue.] In anat., a mass of siuali glandular grains, at the lower part of the anterior surface of the epi- glottis. PERIGO'NIUM,^ ». [Gr.Ti*. and -/«..,. PER'IGONE, ) generation.] 1 i hot., the same as Perianth, or Perian- THIUM. PERIGYN'IUM, n. [Gr. «fi, and ^v^. a female.] In hot., the disc whicli is found in the flower of certain plants. Also, the bristles or smill scales that surround the pistillum of some genera of Cyperaceae, or sedges. Tliese may be either distinct from each other, or more or less united by their margins, as in the ur- ceolus, or small, pitch- er-like body, formed by two sucli scales, in the genus Carex. When there are sta- mens present, the peri- gynium is situated between them and the pistil. PERIN^E'UM, n. [Gr. »(;j. around, and (a;fti, to flow.] The inferior part of the tiunk of the body, in which are situated the two great excretory outlets, the anus and the urethra. PERIODIC, la. [add.] Written ?n PERIODICAL, ( periods. [Addison.] PERIOD'IC.ILIST, n. One who pub- lishes a periodical. PERIOD ICALNESS, n. State of be- ing periodical. [Rar. us.] PERIOD ICAL STARS, n. Stars which undergo a regular periodical in- crease and diminution of lustre, amount- ing, in some instances, to a complete extinction and revival. Of this kind of stars one of the most remarkable is the star Omicron, in the constellation Ce- tus. PERIOD'ICAL WINDS, h. Winds which blow half the year in one direc- tion, and half the year the contrary di- rection. [See Monsoon.] PERIOSTITIS, «. Inflammation of the periosteum, or investing membranes of the bones. PER10S'TRACUM,w.[Gr.«j., around, and offT^xxi*. a shell.] The epidermis or membrane which covers shells. It is analogous to scarf -skin. PERIPHER'IC, a. [add.] Peripheric impulses, a term applied by Naumann to the influence which is transmitted from the nerves of any particular parts of the body, to the brain and spinal cord, called the centres of the nervous system. The influence which is con- Perisynium PEUKE PERPETUITY PERSISTENCE veyed back again from these centres to the nerves of any particular part, is called the central impulse. PERIPHYL LIA, n. [Gr. ^s^., around, and <;v\Xoi> a leaf.] In bot., a terra ap- plied to thii minute hypogynous scales found within the paleee of grasses. The term is synonymous ^vith corolla or necfari/. PEKIP'TEROUS,rt.[Gr.Ti,./,andcnyer.] PERTjf V. i. To behave with pertness ; to be saucv. PERT,t a. [Corruption of Apert.] [L. apertus.\ Open. [Spenser.] PERTII'ITE, n. A variety of felspar. PERTUR'BANCE, n. Perturbation ; disturbance. [Seldom us.] PER'TURBATOR, instead of PER- TURBATOR. PER'TURBATRIX, h. In laio, a wo- man who breaks the peace. PERTURBE',t I'- '- 'See Pertuhb. [Cliaucer.] PERTURBING,! n A disturbance. [Chaucer.] PER'DLE, 71. [li. perula, a little bag.] In bof., the cover of a seed. PERVERT', V. t. [add.] To avert. [Shak.] PERVINKE',t n. The plant peri winlde. [Chaucer.] PER'Y,t n. [Sas. perie.] A pear-tree or its fruit. [Chaucer.] PES, 71. [L.J A foot.— In anat,a. term applied to parts resembling a foot; as, pes anserinus, the goose's foot, tlie name of a plexus of nerves formed by the fa- ci;il nerves on the side of the face, and somewhat resembling the spreading foot of a palmiped. PE'SA,f n. [Fr.;>e5er, to weigh.] A wey or weigh. PE'SACjE.f n. A custom or duty paid for weighing merchandise and other goods. PE'SANE. n. In anc. armour, a gorget of mail or plate attached to the helmet. PESE.t H. Peace. [Chaucer.] PES'EN,t n. phir. [Sax. peasen.] Peas. I Chaucer.] PES'IBLE,t a. Peaceable. [Chaucer.] PESK'ILY, adv. Very ; extremely ; con- foundedly. [American vulgarism.] PESK'Y, a. Great ; exceeding. [Ame- rican vuloarism.] PES'SOMANCY,«.[Gr T.. 2JG. PEWIT, 71. See Pewet. PEW'IT-GULL, n. The sea-crow, or mire- crow. PEW'TER, a. Relating to, or made of pewter. PEY'ER"S GLANDS, n. In anaf.y the clustered glands of the intestines, first discovered by Peyer. PEYT REL.t} n. [See Poitrel.] The PETREL t } breastplate of a hoi-se. PETTREL,t) [Chaucer.] PFEN'NING, H. (fen'ning.) A small German copper coin of the value of about one-twelfth of a farthing. PHALACROCOKAX, «. The cormo- rant, a genus of jialmipede birds. [See Cormorant.] PUALAN'OEAL, instead of PH.AL- AN GIAL. a. PHALAN'(5EAN, a. Relating to a pha- lanx; noting certain bones in the fin- gers and toes. PHALAN'UER, instead of PHAL'AN- GER. In the article, for " Phalaris- tia," read Phalangista. PHALAN'GES, n. In hot., bundles of stamens; a collection of several stamens joined more or less bv their filaments. PHALAN'OlD^, n. A family of arach- nidfp, called harvest-men, or shepherd- spiders. The majority of them live upon the ground, upon plants, or at the roots of trees, and are very active. Their head, thorax, and body are seeoi- inglv all in one piece. PHAL'ANSTERY, ». A name given to the grand edifice which is to be the common dwelling of all the inhabitants or members of an association, according to the theory and projection of Charles Fourier. [See Phalanstkuianism] PHANEROGA'MIAN, a. Same as Phanerogamic. PHANTASxMAGOR'ie, a. Same as PnANT.iSMAGORIAL. PHANTAS'MAGORY, n. Same as Phaxtasmagoria. PHANTAS'MASCOPE, n. Same as Phaxtascope. PHANTAS'TES,! n. [See Phantasm] The imagination. [6V>eH,fe;*.] PHARAOHS CUICREN.H.TheEgyp- tian vulture {Xeophron pei-C7iopte7'us), a species abundant in Africa, and which has occurred at least once in the British Islands. PH ASIAN ELLA PHLCEUM PHORUS PHA'KAOirS RAT,7!.Tlieiclineumon ' is sometimes so called. PHAKBI'TIS, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Convolvulaceje. The seeds of P. nil are sold in the apotliecaries' shops of Calfutta under the name of hala-daiia, and are said to act as a purgative and an effectual speedy ca- thartic. PHAR MAeODYNAM'I€S, n. [Gr. ^v^ifxKii/, medicine, and ^uiaf^is, power.] That branch of the Materia Medica wliich treats of the power or effects of medicine. PHAR'MA€0-GNO'SIS, n. \Gt. ^vouv-Kov, and yiyviiiTau, to know.] That brancli of the Materia Medica wliich j treats of the natural and chemical his- tory of unprepared medicines, or sim- ples. It is also termed plmrmaco- araphti. PHARMAeOG'RAPHY,!!. &ePiiAR- siaco-Gnosis in this Sitji}'. PHARMA€OLO GIA, it. Same as Pn.\RMACOLOr,Y. PHAKJIA€OM'.VTHY, n. Same as rifAltJIACO-GNOSIS. PHAR'MAfON, n. [Gr. fx-iixxo,.] A poison : a medicine or dru;^. PHARMA€OSlDE'RlTE, «. [Gr. fxeuttxov. and ffi^y=n?. iron.] Arseniatc of iron ; called also cube-ore. PHARYN'tiEAL, instead of PHA- RYNOE'AL, n. PHARYN'GOSTAPHYLI'NUS, h. [Gr. p«s''3'l' *^^^ (TTce^uXi;, a bunch of grapes.] The second or middle portion of the palato-pharvuReus. PHARYNGOT'OMUS, n. [See Piia- RYNGOTOMT.] Au instrument for sca- rifying the tonsils, and opening abscesses about the fauces. PHASfcOLARGTOS, n. A marsupial animal, closely allied to the phalangers. It is connnon in New South Wales, Pll[|tCOlai'Ct03 fuscu£. where it is called by the natives lioala, by the colonists "the monkey." Its generic name is derived from its having some resemblance to a bear (j«irj!sX»», a pouch, and a^urK, a bear). PHASeOLOJlE, In. [Gr. ftrxt^cv.a, PIIASCOL'OMYS, f pouch, and ^.w, a mouse.] A marsupial animal, tlie wombat. — which see. PHASCOLOTIIE RIUM, n. A genus of marsupials, remains of which have been fVumd at Stonesfield; tlie jaws only have l>een found. It is the Didcl- 2}his Bitchlandi of Cuvier, who pointed out tliat it was the oldest remains of a mammifcrous quadruped. The thyla- cinus, or liyena of Van Diemen"s Land, is the quadruped most nearly resem- bling it. PHASIANEL'LA, n. The pheasant- snail, a genus of moUusca, found in Soutii America, India, New Holland, the Mediterranean, &c. The shell is spiral and obovate, the outside polished and richly coloured, and tlie operculum ii!— Surr. shelly. Tliis genus belongs to the fa- mily Turbinidae, and contains at least twenty-five recent species, tlie largest of which are from Australia. PIIATUK, n. In the East /nrfics, a jail or prison. PHEAS'ANT-eUGKOO, n. Centro- pus, a genus of scansorial birds belong- ing to the cuckoo family. The claw of one of the hind-toes is very long ; lience its scientific name («!>t;«», a spur, and TOW?, a foot), PHEAS'ANT-SHELL. See Puasia- NELLA in this Supp. PHEESE, V. t. [add.] To beat. [Shah.] PHKE'SY, a. Fretful; querulous; irri- table. [Proinncinh] PHENOM'ENALLY,arfi). In the man- ner of a phenomenon. [Rar. us.] PMILAN'DERING, n. [Gr. j/ia.Jj,;.] Flirtation, or a making love. PHILANTHROP'IGALLY, ad».With philanthropy; benevolently. PHILANTliROP'INIST, n. An advo- cate for philanthropinism. PHILISTINE, ?!. [add.] A term applied by German students to those who are not members of the university. PHILL'-HORSE, n. A Iiorse in tlie shafts ; a corruption of thill-horse. [Shah.] PHlLOti'YNY, 11. [Gr. ?.Aot, and 5.W.7, a woman.] Uxoriousness ; fondness for women. Beciiuse tht Turks so much admire fhihqyuy. Bj/ron. PHILOPROOEN'ITIVENESS.n. [Gr. (piXo;, fond. ff(», for, and y.vvecu, to beget.] Among pUrenologists^ the love of oft- spring ; tlie instinctive love of young in general. Its organ is situated above tlie upper part of the cereliellum. PHILOSOPH'IGALNESS, n. Quality of being philosophical. [Lit. ns.] PHIL'OTARY, ) n.[Gr.]In6£/(.,thc PHYLLOTAX'13,) manner in which leaves are distributed over a stem. PHILOTEGHNie, a. Having an at- taclniieiit to the arts. PHILOTECIINieAL, a. Same as PniLOTECHNIC. PHIMO'SIS, n. [Gr. .fi.itof, a muzzle.] A disease of the prepuce, in wiiich it cannot be drawn back, so as to uncover the glans-penis. PHISIlvE,t n. [See Phtsic] Physic ; meriicine. [Chancer.'] PHI'TON,t n. The serpent python. [Chancer.'] riII'TONESSE,t n. A pythoness; a witeh. [Chaucer.] PHLEBITIS, n. [Gr. (fXi-i,, a vein.] In- flammation of the veins. PHLEBOG'RAPHY, n [Gr. fXe^, a vein, and 5-{«{»a/, to describe.] A descrip- tion of tlio veins. FHLEBOL'OGY, n. [Gr. »Xi;4-, a vein, and Afly«, discourse.] A treatise on the veins. PHLEGMA'SIA, w. [add.] Phlerj- masia dolen.t, literally, a painful inflam- mation ; puerperal tumid leg ; an af- fection depending on inflammation of tlie iliac and femoral veins. PIlLEGM()RRHA'GIA,«.[Gr.»Ji}.^haiic diathesis, a morbid state of the constitution, cha- racterized by the formation of the phosphates of magnesia, ammonia, and lime. PHOSPHORIC, instead of PHOS'- PHOKIC, a. PHOSPHOR I€AL, a. Same as Phos- rHOBIf. PHOS TilORUS, n. [add.] Bjlognian phosphorus, calcined native sulphate of barytes, one of the most powerful of the solar phosphoric substances. When heated with chrtrcoal, and exposed to the sun's rays, it emits light in the darli for some hom-s. — Phosphorus-bottle, a contrivance for obtaining instantaneous light. It is made by stirring a piece of phosphorus al)Out in a dry bottle with a hot wire, by wliicli means the phos- phorus is made to undergo n partial con)bustion, and to form a liigiily com- btistible coat over the interior. If a common sulphur-match be then rubbed against the inside of the bottle, and drawn out into the air, it immediately inflames. PHOSPUYTT'RITE, n. Phosphate of yttria, a very rare mineral substance. PHOTOGRAPHOM'ETEK, n. [Gr. ^«?, light, ?••«?«, to describe, and f^iTinf, measure.] In photography, an instru- ment for determining the sensibility of each tablet employed in the pho- tographic process, relatively to the amount of radiation, luminous and chemical. PHOTOGK.A.PHY, n. [add.] Since the discovery of M. Daguerre, the science of photography has been greatly extended. It has been fouod that paper prepared in a certain way can be sub- stituted for metallic plates. [See Calo- TTPE.] It has also been found that all substances, from the Daguerreotype sil- ver plate to all the salts of the metals, and even to the metals themselves, or plates of glass and pieces of stone and of wood, are capable of receiving light-impressed pictures. To the different photographic processes the names Daguerreotype, calotype, TaWotype, chromaiype, chry- sotype, cyanotype, ferrotype, &c., have been i^iven. PUR-\G'iMOeOXE, (1. [Gt. .).«, a leaf] A genus of orthopterous insects belong- ing to the family PhasmidiB, and popidarly known by the name of rcaUiing - leaves ; some of them have wing - covers so closely resem- bling the leaves of plants, that they are easily mis- taken for the ve- getable produc- tions around them. The eggs too have a curious resemblance to the seeds of plants. They are for the most part natives of the East Indies, Aus- tralia, and South America. The males have long antennae and wings, and can fly ; the females have short antenna?, and are incapable of flight. PHYLLODOCE, n. (phyllo'-do-se.) A genus of plants, nat. order Ericaceje. The species are small evergreen shrubs, natives of the north of Europe, Asia, and North America. P. carulea is a native of Perthshire ; it is better known as Menziesia ccerulea. PHYLLOXIC TERANS. n. [Gr. ?»>.»», a leaf, and laiTEjir, a bat.] A primary division of the Cheiroptera, commonly termed the foliated bats, from the pe- culiar membi-anous foliations which in these animals, from their being tra- versed by minute nerves, seem to serve the purpose of antennae in insects. PHYI.LOPHAGA,n. A section of the lamellicorn coleopterous insects con- taining the chafers, and so called from these insects feeding on the leaves of trees. PHYLLOPIIAG.ANS, n. [Gr. f.k\c,, a leaf, and ?«>-« to eat.] A tribe of mar- supials, including the phalangers, pe- taurists, and kaola. — In entom. [See PnvLLoPiiAGA iji this Supp.] PIIYLLOP'ODA, in. [Gr. fi.x>.t., a PHYLL'OPODS, I' leaf, and »««, a foot] An order of branchiopodous crustaceans, in which the body is elon- gated, and the extremities of a flat- tened form like that of a leaf, for the purpose of swimming, as in the Branchipns. PHYLLOS'TOJI.V. n. [Gr. (Mj.^ a leaf, and rrofuc, a mouth.] A genus of bats belonging to the family Phyllos- tomidae. PHYLLOSTOMID.E, n. A family of insectivorous Cheiroptera, which have a simple and fleshy leaf-like append- age to the nose, and a forefinger of two joints. To this family the vam- nead of Tamryre-btt, Tampurut rpcctrum, pyre belongs, and other blood-sackirg species. PHY'M.A, n. [Gr. couss, from fi*. to produce.] An imperleclly suppm-atuig tumour, forming an abscess. PHY'SA, n. [Gr. ft.r«, a bladder.] A genus of fresh-water molluscs, fre- quently found on the under surface of the leaves of aquatic plants. PHYSA'LIA, «. [Gr. f5«-»Jj,-, a bubble or bladder.] A genus of acalephans, remarkable for its size, the brilliancy of its hues, and the severe burning pain produced by its contact- The P. atlan- tica is known by the name of the Por- tuguese man-of-icar. These acalephie are chaiacterized by the presence of one or more large air-sacs, by which great buoyancy is given to them. [See cut in Diet. Phts.vlis] PHYSICAL, a. [add] Pertaining to the material part orstructtu"e of an or- ganized being, particularly man ; as, physical strength. — Physical definition, in logic, a definition which lays down the real parts of the essence which are actually separable, while the logical definition lays down the ideal parts of it which cannot be separated, except in the mind. Thus, a plant would be defined physically by enumerating the leaves, stalks, roots, &c., of which it is composed ; logically, it would be de- fined an organized being destitute of sensation. PHYSr CIAN, n. [add.] Physicians form the first class of medical practi- tioners in rank and leg.il pre-eminence. The law permits them both to prescribe and compound their medicines, and to perform operations in surgery, as well as to superintend them. But the prac- tice of the physician is universally un- derstood to be properly confined to the prescribing of medicines, which are to be compounded by the apothecaries, and in so far superintending the pro- ceedings of the surgeon, as to aid bis operations by prescribing what is ne- cessary to the general health of the patient, and for the purpose of coun- teracting any internal disease. [See Surgeon, Subgert.] PHYS'ICIST, n. One learned in physi- cal science. Aiago and farad^y, these great pk^fieiits. Cosmof, PHY'SieS, n. [a.bl.] This term is now commonly employed to designate those branches of science which are intermediate to and connect chemis- try and mechanics, as heat, light, elec- tricity. PHYSIOGONY, n. [Gr. fj,,c, nature, and ytn, generation.] The production or geauration of nature. PHYSIOLOGY, n. [add.] In bot., that part of botany which treats of the fimc- tions of plants. PHYS'OGR-VDE. n. One of a tribe of acaleriha-. \See Phvsogb.i»es.] PUYSO.ME TRA, n. [Gr. ^jirsu, to in- PICA riCTUEE piin]:uEL fliite, and f^-^iT^a, the uterus.] Inflation of the uterus ; a windy sweUing of the womb. PlIYTEL'EPHAS, n. A genus of plants Mihabiting tropical America; nat. order Cyclanthacere. P. macrocarpns, or the Tagua plant, resembles the palms in its fronds, whicli equal those of the cocoa- nut in dimensions, and also in the re- markable structure and weight of its f ruifc. [ See Vegetable Ivory under VEGETABLli:.] PHYTIPH'AGANS,) n. [Gr. ^otov, a PHYTIPH'AGA, ) plant, and ^«;.a., to eat.] A tribe of cetaceous mam- mals, synonymous with the Ilerbivora, — Also, a section of hymenopterous in- sects belonging to the family Tenthre- dinidie, or saw-flies. PHYT'0-€HEM'1STRY, n. Vegetable chemistry. PHYT'0LITH0L'06TST,«. One who is skilled in, or who writes uron fossil plants. PHYT'OLITHOL'OOY, n. [Gr. ?ut«, a plant, >.i(}os, a stone, and Aoj-of, dis- rourse.] A treatise on fossil plants. PUYTOLO(>'ICAL, a. [See Phyto- LOGT.] Relating to phytology, or to plants; botanical. l'HYTON'OMY,n. [Gr, ^vtcv, a plant, and 1-0^05, a law.] The science of the origin and growth of plants. PHYT'OPATHOL'OOIST, n. One skilled in the pathology or diseases of plants. PHYT'OPATHOL'OGY,?! [Gr "v, a plant, .] PICADOR', n. [Sp.] A riding-master; a breaker of horses ; the horseman in a bull-tight. PICAYUNE, n. [add.] The name for tiie Spanish half-real in Florida, Louisi- ana, &c. It is equal to one-sixteenth of a dollar. — In New York, a colloquial or familiar term for a sixpenny. PIG'CA^E, for PICGAGE. PICE, n. sing, and plur. Small East Indian coin, value about Id. each. PI'CIDj-E, n. [From Picas, one of the genern.] Tiie woodpeckers, a family of scansorial or climbing birds, charac- terized by their long, straight, angular beak, the end of which is compressed into a wedge adapted to perforate the bark of trees. fSec Picus.] PICK, V. t. [add.] To pitch ; as, to inch a lance. [Shah. \ — To inch in, in paint- inffyto restore any unevenness in a pic- ture by using a small pencil. PICK, 7?. Apickaxe;also, pitch. [Scotch.] PICK'ANINNY, n. In the southern states of America, a negro or mulatto infant. PICK'ERIDCJE, n. A tumour on the back of cattle ; wornil. PICK'ET, I', t. [add.] To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. PICK'LE, n. [add.] To have a rod in pickle for any one, is to have a beating or flogging in reserve for him, [Col- loquial.] PICK'LE, V. i. To pick— 7*0 pichle in one^s ain pock neuk, to depend on one's own exertions. [Scotch.] PICK'LE, n. A grain of corn; any mi- nute particle ; a small quantity of any- thing; a few. [Scotch.] PICK'-MAW, ??. A small sea-gull, the Lams ridibundus. [Scotch.] PICK'- MIRK,a Dark as pitch. [5co(c/(.] PIC'NIf, 77. [add.] This term" is now applied to refreshments which a plea- sure-party carry along with them on an excursion to the country, and also to the party itself. PI'CRA, 71. [See Hiera-Picra.J Th. popular name of the powder of aloes wilhcanella, which is composedof aloes, 1 lb., canella, 3 02. It is employed as a cathartic. PI€K^'NA,«. A genus of plants. The same as Picrasma. PI€RAS'MA,72. A genus of plants, nat. order Simarubacese. P. excclsa, lofty bitter-wood, or Jamaica qna=;sia, is a narcotic poison, bitter, stomachic, tonic, antiseptic. The intensely bitter tim- ber of this tree furnishes the quassia of the shops. PICRINE, n. A bitter substance ob- tained from Digita/i.'i purpurea, and said to be identical with digitaline. PICTAH'NIE, 77. The great tern, or sea ^waWow {Sternahirundo). [Scotch,] PICTO'RIALLY, adv. With pictures or engravings. PICTOR'IC, > a. Relating to the PICTOR'ICAL,) art of painting; re- presented by pictures. [Hare.] PICTS* WALL, n. Adrian's wall, an ancient wall, begun by the Emperor Ad- rian, A. T>. 123, on the northern boundjiry of England, extending from Carlisle to Newcastle. It was erected to prevent the incursions of the Scots and Picts. riC'TURABLE, a. That may be pic- tured or painted. PIC'TUKAL, a. Relating to, or repre- sented by pictures. PICTURE, n. [add.] Person. [Shah] 305 PICTURE-FRAME, n. A frame, more or less ornamented, which surrounds a picture and sets it off to advantage. PICTURE-GALLERY, n. A gallery or large apartment in which pictures are hung up for exhibition. PICTURESQUE', a. (pickturesk'.) [add.] Abounding with gay and strik- ing imagery; as, pictuj'esque language. [Blair.] PICTURESQUE'LY, m/(j. In a pictu- resque manner. PICTURIZE, V. f. To adorn or repre- sent by pictures. [Rare.] PIE, n. [add.] A moimd or pit for pre- serving potatoes, &c-; a compost-heap. — Aprating gossip or tell-tale. [Chaucer.] PIECE, n. [add.] In com., a definite quantity of cloth according to its kind. PIECE'-GOODS, ti. Goods sold by the piece. PIECE'NER, 77. One who supplies the rolls of wool to the slubber in the wool- len manufacture. PIED'POUDRE. n. See Piepoudre. PIER, 7). [add.] The square or other formed mass or post to which a gate is hung. Pl'ERIS. w. A genus of diurnal lepidop- terous insects. P. cratregi is the black- veined white, or hawtlxorn butterfly. It is an extensive genus. Some of the Indian and Australian species are cu- riously coloured on the under side; the upper sides are generally white for the most part. l>IER'RIE,t n. [Fr.] Jewels; precious stones. [Chaucer.] PIET1S'TICAL,«. Same asPiETiSTic. PIEZOM'ETER, 71. |add.] An instru- ment consisting essentially of a vertical tube inserted into a water-main, to show the pressure of the fluid at that point, by the height to which it ascends in the tube of the piezometer. PIG, n. An earthen vessel; a pitcher; a can for a chimney-top ; a potsherd. [Scotch.] PXGA'CIA.n. Inrt7icie«/ costume, pointed shoes, having the points made like a scorpion's tail. Pip^eiEu PIG-EYED, a. Having small sunken eyes; hav- ing eyes like those of swine. PIGGES'NIE,t ] n. [Sax. piga, a little PIGS'NIE,t f girl.) A term of en- dearment for a little girl. [Chaucer. | PIGMENT'AL, a. Pertaining to pig- ments. PIG'MENT-CELLS, 77. The small cells of which the black pigment of the cho- roid coat of the eye consists. PIG'NUS, n. [L.] In hw, a pledge or security for a debt or demand. PIGGS }"• Crockery-ware. [Scotch.] PIG'-YOKE, n. Among seameny the name for a quadrant. PUvE, n. [add.] The common pikeisthe Esox lucius, found in almost all the fresh-waters of Europe. It is one of the most voracious and destructive fishes in existence, but is very palatable iooA.— Sea -pike, i\\GE SOX belone, called also qarjish. PIKE, V. t. To pick ; to make bare; to pilfer; to cull ; to select. [Scotch.] PlKE,t \v. t. |.9ee Pick, Pitch, PiivE, PIK,t f 77.] To pitcli; to pick, as a hawk does his feathers; to steal ; to point the eye ; to peep. | Chaucer.] PiKE'-HEADED, a. Having a sharp- pointed head. PlKE'REL,t n. A young pike. [Chau- cer.] PIAXELODXTS PINE PTNiSYWINKT.ES PIKE'-STAFF, n. A long stiiff with a sharp pike in the lower eml of it, car- ried in the hand as a support in frosty weather. [Scotch.] PIL.f V. /. \Sce PiLL.J To rob; to plun- der ; to take by extortion ; as, he pits the poor. [Spenser.] PlLAGE.f ». [L. pilus.l The natural coat of hair on animals. [Bacon.] PILCHE.f ». [.S^ePiLcn.l A garment of skins with the hair. [Chaucer.] Pir/CHEU, n. A scabbard. [Shah.] PILE, ?i. [add. J Galvanir or ^'ofta^c pile, an apparatus tor exhibiting tlie pheno- mena of galvanism. It consists of a pile or column of metallic plates of zinc and copper, and discs of wet card or moistened clotli,placeil in succession to each other in the same regular order throughout the series. [See G.vlvanic] — Dr>/ pilct a galvanic pile consisting of pairs of metallic plates separated by paper layers of farinaceous paste, mixed with common salt. It owes its efficacy to the moistness of the paper or paste, and hence the term rfry is inappropriate. — Secondart/ pile.^.in\cs formed simply of discs of copper or homogeneous metallic plates, between which some moist con- ducting substance is interposed. These piles are incapable of developing elec- tricity by their own action, but may be made to receive a charge. — Thermo- ] electric pile,an apparatus for detecting slight clianges of temperature. [See ' TuF.RMo-MrLTiPLiER in this Si/pp.] PILENTU:\r. ;t. [L.] An easy kind of chariot used by tl»e Roman ladies at games and religious processions. PII/EU.t n. [Fr. pi'ier.] A pillar; a ; column. [Cfiaiicer.] I PIL'GROI, a. Kelatins to pilgrims; ! travelling. PILID IUM,;i. [From L. pi- leus.] The or- bicular liemi- spherical shield of lich- ens, the out- side of whiili changes t- powder, as in Calvcium. PiLING-lKOX, u. An instrument for breaking otf the awns of barley. PIL'LAIUST, n. A stylite,— wAicA see. PILLE.t I'. /. See Pit.l. [Chaucer.] PlL'LEU.fi />p. [Fr. i^cie.] Bald. PIL'ED.t ) [aiauccr.] PIL'LEZ, n. In Cunncall, the name given to a species of naked barley raised there. PlLaOlTKS,t n. phir. [Fr. piUeurs.] Plunderers, [Chaucer.] PlL'NIEWINKS,«.&ePiNNywiNKLEs in this Supp. PI'LOT, v.t. [add.1 To guide one through dangers or dilhculties. Pl'LOT'S FAIRWAY, ». Any channel in which a pilot must be employed. PILOTS WATER, «. Any part of the sea, or of a river, where the assistance of a pilot is required. PIL'ULA, u. phtr. PifuleB. [Dimin. of L. 2>i7rt, a ball.] In pharmaci/, a pill. PILUM NUS, n. A genus of brachy- lu'ous decapod crustaceans, so called from the carapace being covered with hairs. PiL'WE.t 71. [Sas. pi/le.] A pillow. [Chaucer.] PIL WE-BEKE.f 71. [See Pillow- Bier.] The covering of a pillow. 1 Chauctr.] PIJLEL'ODUS, 71. A genus of malacop- terygious abdominal fishes, separated from the genus Silurus of Linn. The species are numerous, and are found Piiuiui Piiiielodus cj'clopum chiefly in South America, the Nile, and some of the Eastern rivers. One spe- cies {P. ci/chpum) is sometimes ejected in thousands from the crater, or the apertures on the sides of volcanoes. PIMPLY, a. Full of pimples; spotted. PIMP-TENURE,//. An ancient species of tenure, according to which a person held lands on condition of keeping one or more females for the use of the su- perior. PIN, n. In Cliina, a petition or addre-ss of foreigners to the emperor, or any of bis deputies. PIN'AFORE, n. A sort of garment or apron worn by children or labourers to protect their clothes; a child's apron. PINANG, 7(. The betel-nut {Areca catechu). PINCH, n. [add.] On a pi?ich, on an emergency. [Colfoq.] — Among quarrt/- men, kc, an iron lever used as a crow- bar. PIXCHE.t r. /. See Pinch. [Chaucer.] PINCH ED, ;>;>. Pressed hard; squeezed; griped ; straitened. — In Shah., painted ; also, petty : contemptible. PINCH'ER, n. Among Quarri/men, Szc, a person using a pinch, in contradis- tinction to those otherwise engaged in moving a stone, &c. PINCH'ING, ppr. [add.] Pressing; causing pain by constriction, as cold or hunger. PINCiriNG, 71. [add.] In general, the act of squeezing or pressing. PINCH'INGLY, adv. In a pinching way. PINCH'-SPOTTED, a. Discoloured from having been pinched, as the skin. [Shak.] PIN'DARISM, 71. An imitation of Pin- dar. PIN'DARTST, 71. An imitator of Pindar. PINDJ'AJAP, 71. A boat of Sumatra, with one to three masts, carrying square sails, and liaving both the stem and nP; Pmrijrijap ol Suiiiutra. stern much projected, resembling, in some parts of its form, the aiicient gal- leys, and employed in bringing spices, cacao, and areca-nuts to the ports fre- quented by Europeans. PiNE.f H. [add. J Done to pine, \mt to death ; starved to death. [5pt'7we7-.] PINE, V. t. [add.j To torment. [Chau- cer.] SOG PlN'KD,t/)p. Tortured; pained. [Chau^ cer.] PiNE'-FINCH, 71. Corythus, a genus of birds allied to the crossbills. They arc so called from living in pine-forests, and feeding on tlie seeds of the cones. PINE'-MARTEN, h. The Mu.ftela mar- tes, an inhabitant of the woody districts in the northern parts of America ; it is also found about the region of Jlount Caucasus, as well as in Sweden, Nor- way, &c. It is much valued for its fur. [See Marten.] PIN'ERY, instead of PINE'RY. PIN-FOOTED, a. Having the toes or foot bordered by a membrane. PING'ING, i);)r. or a. Uttering feeble, frequent, and somewhat peevish com- plaints; as, a pinning child. [Scotch.] PING LED, pp. Pained; put to diffi- culty. [Scotch.] PINK, 71. [add.] 7. A local name for the ehatbnch. PINK -COLOURED, a. Having the colour of the pink. PINK-ROOT, n. The root of the Ca- rolina pink or Indian pink {Spi.«><«, ob- lique, and il(x a side.] Having oblique sides. PL A6'I0ST0MT:, II. [Gr. tA»-^im, trans- verse, and .r.-s.iii, mouth.] A cartilagin- ous fish ; a univalve mollusc. PLAGIOS'TOMI, II. .An order of car- tilaginous fishes,which have their mouth placed transversely beneath the snout. — Also, a genus of fossil molluscs, the shells of which aio free, inequilateral, and oblique. PLA'GOEU, II. One wlio plagues or vexes. PL.^IN, I'. *. [add.] To make plain, clear, or manifest. [Chaucer.] PLAIN'ANT. n. In law. a plaintiff. PL.VIN' DEALER, ii. One who speaks out his views with great plainness : one who is frank, sincere, honest, and open in speaking and acting. PLAlNE.t V. i. To complain. [Chau- rer.] PL.\INXICHE,t ado. Plainly. [Otau- cer.] PLAIN ST ANES, n. Pavement. \Scnich.] PLAINT, n. [add.] In law, the exhibi- tion of an action in writing. It is the first process in an inferior court, in the nature of an oriijinal writ. PLANAX'IS, 71. A genus of marine molluscs belonging to the family Tur- binida?. The shell is obovate, the inner lip much thickened above, the pillar flattened, the base with a small notch or sinus. These animals are found in India, South America, and the Isle of France PLANE, a. Without elevations or de- pressions ; even ; level -, flat ; as, a plane surface. [See the A'bi/ii.j PLANE, n. [add.] Plane of floatation. [5eeFLO.\T.\Tios in this Sttpp.] — Plane of vibration, in polarization, the plane in w-hieh the particles of ether are sup- posed to vibrate ; a plane at right angles to this plane, and in the direction of the polarized ray, is called the plane of polarization. — Tangential plane, a plane which touches a curvilinear sur- face, as that of a sphere or cylinder. PLANE' SCREW, n. lu mecli., a flat screw; a circular disc or wheel, in which a spiral groove is cut. It is used to give motion to a bar which slides in guides, and has a projection on one end, fitting into the spiral groove of the . wheel, which is always the driver. PLANET, n. [add.) Besides the small planet Astra^a, several others have been recently discovered between the orbits of IMars and Jupiter. Their names are Hebe, Iris, Flora, Metis, Hygeia, Par- thenope, Victoria, Egeria, and Irene. [See these names in their proper places in this Siipp. See also Astr.ia and Neptune.] PLAN ET- WHEELS, n. An epicyclic train of mechanism fur producing a variable angular motion, such as that of the radius vector of a planet in its orbit. The common contrivance for this purpose consists of two elliptical wheels connected by teeth running into each other, and revolving on their foci. While the driving wheel moves uni- foimly, the radius vector of the other has the required motion. PLANIPET ALOUS, a. [L. planus, flat, and Gr. li;*/.., a petal.] In hot., having flat petals or leaves ; flat-leaved. | PL.4NK.'-SHEEK, n. In ship-building, the gunwale or covering board ; a plank round the ship which covers and secvures the timber-heads. The moulding on its outer edge projects over the paint- strake, and distinctly marks out the sheer of the vessel. PLANlv'Y, a. Constructed of planks. PLANTAIN-EATER, ii. Musophaga, a genus of scansorial birds found in .Africa, and so called from plantains forming their principal food. PLANTA'RIS, II. [L. plania, the sole of the foot.] A muscle of the foot which serves to extend it. PL ANT'ED, IP- [add.] In joiner;/, a pro- jecting member wrought on a separate ^ piece of stuft", and J £_ — CZ ? afterwards fixed i ^- — [— 1 / in its place, is X-to ' said to be plant- rintim;hvi«oiedMoaidii.g8. ed ; as, a planted moulding. PLANTER, II. [add.] In Aewfound- land. a person engaged in the fishery. PLANTIG'R.ADA, a. Same as Planti- OBiDES. PL.ANT'-LICE, II. The various species of the genus Aphis are so named. Where they abound they are most destructive to vegetation, as they suck the juices | of plants. [See ArniDEs in this Supp.] PLASHING, II. [add.] The dashing or sprinkling of colouring matter on the i walls of a building, so as to produce ] an imitation of granite, &c. PLASH-WHEEL, n. Same as Dash- | WitEEL, — ivhich see in this SuQi^. PLAS'TER, r. t. [add.] To overlay or cover, as with plaster. , PLASTICITY, 11. [add.] Capability of being moulded, formed, or modelled. PLAS'TRON, II. [add.] [Fr. a breast- plate.] PLAS TRON-DE-FER, n. [Fr.) In ancient armour, an iron plate worn be- neath the ringed hauberk, for the pur- pose of additional protection. PLATE, H. [add.] A pair of plates, ar- ; mour for the breast and back. [Chau- cer.] PLATEAU', II. phir. Plateaux', [add.] Table-land; an elevated plain. PLAT ED, pp. or o. [add.] Covered or overlaid with a coating of silver; as, plated goods or ware. [See Plating.] PL.\TE'FrL, n. As much as aplatewiU i hold. ■' I PLATERESQrE', «. A term derived from the Spanish word platfr. silver, and frequently employed by Spanish writers, as well as by Ford, to describe architectural enrichments resembling silver work. PLATFOND'. II. See Pi.afoxd. PLA'Tie ASPECT, instead of PLA- Tie ASPECT. PLAT ISO-CyAN'IC ACID, n. An acid formed by the union of platino-cy- .nnogen with hydrogen It is crystalliz- able, and of a gold or copper colour. It is powerful, and decomposes the car- bonates, producing platino-cvanides. PLAT'INO-CYAN'0(iEN,H. Achemi- cal radical formed by the union of pla- tinum with cyanogen. It is not known in the separate state. PL.AT'INODE, II. The cathode or neg- ative pole of a galvanic battery. PLATINUM, n. [See Platina.] [add.] One of the most remarkable properties of platinum, is its power of causing gases to enter into combination. When a perfectly clean plate of platinum is 308 introduced into a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, it will cause them to combine so as to fomi water, and often with such rapidity as to ren- der the metal red-hot. Spongy platin- um, or the black powder ofplatinum,]s most effective in producing this extra- ordinary result. A jet of hydrogen directed upon spongy platinum may be inflamed by the metal thus ignited, a property which has been applied to the construction of convenient instruments for procuring light. — Spong;/ platinum, metallic platinum in the form of a por- ous, duB, brown mass. It is obtained by heating the ammonio-muriate of platinum. — Platinum black powder, a black powder obtained by decomposing a weak solution of chloride of platinum by the agency of galvanism. PLATONIC, n. A follower of Plato; a PJatonist. PLATOON', Ii. [add.] In present usage. two tiles forming a subdivision of a comp.inv. PLATTE.t a. See Plat. [Chaucer.] PLAT TING, n. Slips of bark, cane, straw, &c., woven or plaited, for mak- ing into hats, &c. PLA'TY, a. Like a plate ; consisting of PLATYCEPH ALOUS, a. [Gr. »x»i«,-, broad, and xi^xyr. head.] Broad-headed. PLATYCEPH ALUS, ii. A genus of fishes, family Scorpa^nida>. The head is large, long, very broad, and armed with acute spines. PL.\TY€RIN1 TES, ii. [Gr. f^i.tm bro.ad, and «;(n>, a lily.] A section of crenoidians, n hich have the body com- posed of but two ranges of plates, one of three and the other of five. PLATYRHI'NES,n.[Gr.5^>»7K, broad, and pi». a nose.] A section of the Lin- nean genus Simla, including those spe- cies which have a wide space between the nostrils, or rather the nostrils open on the sides of the nose, and not under- neath. Thev belong to the New World, PLATl S'JIA-MYOl DES, II. [Gr. ,-vJ.ari;.-, broad, ifj;, a muscle, and ults, likeness] Athin muscle, ormuscularex- pansion, on the side of the neck, imme- diately under the skin, that assists in drawing the skin of the cheek down- wards, and, when the mouth is shut, brings the skin under the lower jaw up- wards. PLAUS'IBLY, ade. [add.] With ex- pressions of applause; with acclama- tion. [Shah.] PLAY, 1-. I. [add.] To gamble. PLAY, V. t. [add.] To play off a person, to exhibit or expose him for the enter- tainment or merriment of others. — To play a. pilgrimage, to withdraw upon pretence of going on a pilgrimage. [Chaucer.] PLAY, II. [add.] Play of colours, an ap- pearance of several prismatic colours in rapid succession on turning an object, as a diamond. PLaY'-A€TOR, n. A stage-player ; an actor. [Provincial.] PLAY-DEBT, n. A debt contracted by gaming. PLAY'iNG, n. The act of playing; par- ticularly of performing on a musical in- strument. PLAY PHEERES, n Playferes; play- fellows. [5AaA.] PLAY -WRITER, instead of PLAY- WRITER. PL£,t II. [Norm.] A plea; an argument or pleading. [Chaucer.] PLEA, II. [add.] Peremptory pleas, at PLETE TLIGUT FLUFF cojnmnn-laii\ pleas in bar of the action, that is, pleas which show ground for defeating the action. PLEACH'ED, rp- or a. [L. plico:] Folded ; plicated. [Shuh.'\ PLEAD, for PLEADED, is inaccurate. PLEAD'ABLE BRIEFS, n. In Scutch taw, precepts directed to the sheritfs, who thereupon cite parties, and hear and determine. PLEAD'INGLY, ado. By supplication. PLEAS'ANT, a. (plez'ant.) [add.] Laughable; ridiculous; as, a pleasant grievance. PLEAS'ANTRY, n. (plez'antry.) [add.] A laughable trick ; a frolic ; as, the pleasardnen of monkeys. \Addison.^ PLEAS'EDNESS, n. The state of being jdcased. [Lit. us.\ PLEBE lANlZE, u, *. To render ple- bian or common. PLEBEITY.t 1". The common or PLEB ITY.t \ meaner sort of people. PLEBIC'ULAK, a. Belonging to the lower classes. PLEBIS'CITUM, n. plur. Pleblscita. [L.] Among the Itomans, a law enacted by the common people, at the request of the tribune, or some other plebian magistrate, without the intervention of the senate. PLEtTOG'NATIII, n. See Plectog- NATIIES. PLE€TOGNATH'I€, a. Pertaining to the plectognntlics, an order of fishes. PLECTRAN'THUS, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Labiatje. The spe- cies are herbs, subshrubs, and shrubs. P. crfissifultits is esteemed in India both as a perfume and as a spice. The leaves of P. gravenjens, under the name of patclioulif, are efficacious in preserv- ing clothes from moths. PLED, for PLEADED, is erroneous. PLEDGE LESS. n. Having no pledges. PLED(jEOR',«. One who givesa pledge; a pledger. PLEIN.t a. [Fr.] Full ; perfect. [Chau- cer.] PLEIOSAU'RUS, n. [Gr. tXe™., more, and ffuiet;. a lizard.] A genus of e.xtinct animals, which seems to have been inter- mediate between the plesiosaurus and the ichthyosaurus. The remains of this animal are found in some of the clav-beds of the oolite. ! PLEIS'TOCENE, n. [Gr. iAwjto;, most, and KKivof, recent.] In oeol., the newer pliocene of Lyell, the newest division of the tertiary formation. [See Plio- cene.] PLENARY, a. [add.] In law, a term applied to an ordinary proceeding through all its gradations; opposed to summnry. — In the ccchsiastical courts, plenary causes are of several kinds, as testamentary proceedings, causes of le- gacy, of defamation, of divorce, suits for ecclesiastical dilapidations, &c. — Plenaru inspiration, in theol., that kind or degree of inspiration which e.xcludes all mixture of error. PLENARY, n. In law, decisive pro- cedure. PLE'NERE,t_ ff. [Fr. plenier.'] Full; complete. ] Chaucer.] PLENIP OTENCY, n. Same as Plen- II'OTENCE. PLENITUDINA'RIAN, n. [L. i>leni- ittdo.] One who allows no vacuum to exist in nature; a plenist. PLESANCF/.t". [Fr. plaisancc.] Plea- sure. [Chaucer.] PLE SINGES,+ n. 2'l"r. Pleasures. [Chaucer.] PLETE,t i'. (. or i. To plead. [Cliauccr.] PLETHOR'ie, instead of PLETn'O- Rie. a. PLETlIOR'ICAL.n. Same as Pleiho- nrr. PLETHOR'ieALLT, ado. In a ple- thoric manner. PLETING,t n. A pleading. [Chaucer.] PLEUGH, ) . , , r c- , 7 1 PLEUCII 1 plough. [Scotch.] PLEUGH'-PETTLE, n. A plough-staff. \Scotch.] PLEO'RA-eOSTA'LIS, n. [Gr. rt-i-j^ and L. casta, a rib.] That part of the pleura which is in contact with the parietes. PLEURAL'6lA, n. [Gr. T^suett, the side, and a^yoi. pain.] Pain of the side. PLEUKEN'CHYMA, h. [Gr.T»£t/{«,llie side, and i'/x'j^. to pour in.] A name given to the woody tissue of plants, con- sisting of elongated tubes tapering to each end. PLEUROBRAN'GHUS, n. [Gr. 1X0,5,, the side, and 0ficyx'^. gills.] A genus of marine molluscs, having the branchia placed on the right side, under the edge of the mantle, which sometimes covers a calcareous shell. PLEORODONTS, n. [Gr. ^x.i,;«, and c^ovs, a tooth.] A subfamily of iguanian lizards, having the palate armed with teeth disposed in one or two rows on eachside. PLEURODYN'IA, n. [Gr. t>!o;«, and oSyvii, pain.] Pain of the side. The term includes all those pains of the side which are unconnected with pleuritic iiiHammation. PLE0'RO-PNEUMONIA,)i.[Gr.Tiiv- {«, and Ttsyuiuir, the lungs.] An intiam- mation of tlie pleura and substance of the lungs. PLECROSIG'MA, n. In bat, a genus of Diatomacea?, separated from Navi- cula, and containing objects, the valves of which show, with a good micro- scope, a series of lines, which lines vary in ditferent species in position and closeness, as well as distinctness. These lines, under high powers and a favour- able light, may be resolved into dots, and are therefore highly prized as tests of a good achromatic microscope; for with inferior instruments the dots, and even the lines themselves, cannot he detected. PLE0ROSTIIOTONOS,n.[Gr.TXi;.- 6iv, to one side, and tuvu, to stretch.] Tetanus of the lateral muscles, in which the body is bent to one side. PLEUROT'OMA, n. [Gr. rtio5«, and T£t*^w, to cut] A genus of gasteropods, having the shell fusiform, turreted, the channel nearly as long as the spire, the slit long and narrow, and the inner lip wanting. It belongs to the family Conidffi, and at least 420 species are known to naturalists, besides many others only found fossil. PLEXIM'ETER, ». [Gr. t?,?,,-, percus- sion, and fitT^ev. a measure.] The name given by M. Piorry to the ivory plate with which he jierformed mediate per- cussion in the diagnosis of diseases. PLEX'URE, 77. An interweaving; a texture. PLI'ABLY, adv. So as to be pliable ; yieldinglv. PLI'ANTLY, ado. Yieldingly; flexibly. PLI'GATELY, adv. In a plicate or folded manner. PLIE.t «. t. or ;. [Fr. 2dier. Sep PLf.] To bend; to mould. [Chaucer.] PLIES, n. i>lur. [See Pr.v,] Folds. PLIGHT,! I'ret. and vP- of Pluck. Pulled; plucked. [Chaucer.] ao'j P L I G H T, t pp. Folded; plaited. [Spenser.] PLIGHT, n. [add] An old English word, signifying an estate with the habit and quality of the land; it ex- tends to a rent-cliarge, and to a possi- bility of dower. PLIGHTE,t 1'. '. [See Pi.iom.] To en- gage ; to promise. [Chaucer. \ PLlGHTE,t pret. of Pliijhi. Plighted ; promised. [Chancer.] PLIGUT'£D,?)p. [add.] Plaited; folded. [Sliah] PLIGHT'£N,t pluT. of verb Plighte. [Chaucer.] PLINLIM MON ROCKS, n. In geol, a subordinate group of rocks of the Cambrian series, consisting of the graywacke of various qualities. PLIS'KIE, 7i. A mischievous trick; also used in the sense of plight, condition. [Scotch.] PLITE,t V. t. To plait; to fold. [Chau- cer.] PLiTE,+ n. Plight; condition; form. [Chaucer.] PLODDINGLY, adv. Industriously; diligently; drudgingly. PLOT, V. t. To scald ; to make any liquid scalding hot; to burn in a gene- ral sense. [Scotch.] PLOT TIE, n. A sort of mulled wine. PLOT'TING, n. [add.] The act of con- triving or forming schemes. PLOT'TING-SCALE, n. [add.] The plotting-scale is used in setting off the lengths of lines in surveying. It con- sists of two graduated ivory scale.-^, one of which is perforated nearly its whole length by a dovetail-shaped groove, for the reception of a sliding-piece. The second scale is attached to this sliding- piece, and moves along with it, the edge of the second scale being always at right angles to the edge of the first. By this means the rectangular co-ordi- nates of a point are measured at once on the scales, or the position of the point laid down on the plan. PLO'TUS, n. The darters, a genus of web-footed birds of the family Peleca- iiidie, and nearly allied to the cormo- rants. From their long necks .and small heads they are also called snuhe- birds. [See Dahteu in this .S'ujip.] PLOUGH'-GANG, \n. [add.] The PLOUGH'-GATE, ( plouuh-namj, or plough-gate, is now regulated by various acts of Parliament for conversion of statute labour, to mean fifty Scots acres, or £70 of rental. PLOUGH-SILVER, 11. Money for- merly paid by some tenants, in lieu of service to plough the lord's lands. PLOVER, H. [add] The golden plover is the Charadrius pluvialis ; the dot- terel is the C. moriiiellus ; the ring- plover is the C. hlaticula, very abundant on the sea-co.asts of Great Britain ; the Kentish plover is the C. cautiaiuis, a frequenter of shingle-beaches. PLOY, H. Employment; a harmless frolic ; a merry-meeting, [.'icotch.] PLUCK, r. t. [add.] To pluck off, to descend in regard to rank or title. [Shah.] PLUCKED, pp. or a. [add.] A cant term at the English universities, applied to those who, for want of scholarship, are refused their testimonials for a degree. PLUFF, V. t. To throw out smoke in quick and successive ^vhiffs ; to set fire to gunpowder; to throw out hair- powder in dressing the hair. [Scotch.] PLUFF, n. A puff; a small quantity of PNEUMATOSIS POCIILIFOIIM POINT drygimpowtler set on fire ; hair-dresscrs' powder-puff. [Scutfli. \ PLUG CENTKE-BIT, n. A modified form of the ordinary centre-bit, in wliieli the centre-point or pin is enlarged into a stout cylindrical plug, which may exactly fill a hole previously bored, and guide the tool in tlie process of cutting out a cylindrical counter-sink ai'ound the same, as, for example, to receive the head of a screw-bolt. PLUGGED, i>p. Stopped with a plug. PLUGGING, 2>Pi: Stopping with a plug. PLUG'GING, n. The act of stopping with a plug. PLUMASSlElv', n. [Fr.] One who pre- pares feathers for ornamental purposes. PLUMBA(iINA'CE^, instead of PLUJIBA<;iNA'CE.i;. PLUMBA (ilNE, instead of PL0M- BA'GINE. PLUJIBEKS' SOLDER, v. An alloy consisting of one part of tin and two of j lead. PLUiMBING, ppr. (plumming.) Ad- justing by a plumb-line. PLUMB ING, n. [add.J In min., the i operation of sounding or searching among mines. PLUM'BO-€AL'CITE, n. A mineral I substance occurring in the old work- ings at Wanlockhead, Dumfriesshire. It consists of carbonate of liiue, 92'2; carbonate of lead, 7'8. PLUME'-ALUiAI, n. [add.] Feathery or fibrous alum. PLUJM'IMERS-PILL,?!. The compound calomel pill of the Pharmacopcda. PLUMP, V. t. [add.J To let fall suddenly and heavily ; as, to plump a stone into water. PLUMP'-FACED, a. Having a plmnp or full round face. PLUNDER, n. In the southern and icesfern stales of America, personal luggage ; baggage of travellers ; goods ; etfects. PLUNGE, n [add.] The act of pitching or throwing one's self headlong, or of tin-owing the body forward and the hind-legs np, as an um-uly horse. PLUNG'ING, ivr. or a. [add.] In war, a ptutigingfire is one poured down upon an enemy from some eminence above. PLU'RAL,7j. A number containing more than one ; the number which designates more than one; tlie plural number. PLU'KALISM, n. The quality of being plural ; the system or act of holding more tlian one living or benefice. PLURAL ITY, »i. [add.] By the Act 1 and 3 Vict., c. luU, pluralities in the church are prohibited excepting in par- ticular cases, viz., where two livings are small in value, and the population small ; and where the livings are situ- ated within ten miles of each other. PLURILOGULAR, a. [L.plus,pliiris, several, and loculits, a cell.] In hot., a term applied to fruits which have se- veral carpels, as the orange. PLUTON'l€,o. [add.] Plutonic acHon, in geol., the influence of volcanic heat, and other subterranean causes, under pressure. PLUVIO.M ETER, n. Same as Pi.u- viAMi:Ti;it, — inhich see. PLY, V. i. [add.] To run regularly be- tween any two ports, !is a vessel. PLYING, H. ladd.l The act of a vessel running regularly between any two ports. PNEUMAT'OCELE, instead of PNEUMATOCELE. PNEUMATO'SIS, n. [Gr. T.r»<.x7™, to inflate.] A windy swelling in the cel- lular texture under the skin. PNEUMOBRAN€HI.i.'TA, n. [Gr. iTiivua, and I3;'tyx'^f gills.] A section of molluscous umniuis, otherwise termed Pereun ibranch lata . PNEO'MO-GASTKIC NERVES, n. [Gr. fTHvf^x, and yairzr.B, the belly.] In anat., the eighth pair of nerves, called also par vagum, vervi vagi, &c. pneu'mo-h^xMOrrhaGia, «. [Gr. fTvvj:j.x, and L. iKumorrhagia.'] Pul- monary apoplexy, or hiemorrhage from the lungs. PNEO'MO-PERI€.\R'DIUM, n. A collection of air within the pericar- dium. PNEO MO-THO'RAX, 71. [Gr. «i»^«, and SiD;a:l. the chest.] A collection of air in tlie cavity of tlie pleura. POACH, 11. t. [add.] To force into; to drive in so as to penetrate; as, the horse poached one of his legs into some hollow ground. [Temple.] POACH' ARD, 1 «. [add.] There are PoCH'ARD, ( several species of these ducks, which form the genus Fuligula. Tlic scanp-poachard is the F. marila; the red-headed poachard is the F. ferina ; the tufted poachard is the l'iilt«a PiaahatA, FuUgata ci'iatatu, F. cristttla. These ducks are tine eat- ing. To the poaehards also belongs the famed canvas-backed duck of America {F. vnlisneria), a species liighly prized for food. P0.\CIITNG, )>;>!■. Stealing game; kill- ing game unlawfully; boiling sliglitly. POAlvE, n. Waste arising from the prc- [laration of skins, composed of hair, lime, and oil. P()€AN-BUS11, n. Poke-w ceil, a plant of the genus Phytolacca, the P. decan- dria. [See Piivtolacca.] POCK, n. A poke; a pouch or bag. [Scotch.'] POCIv'ET-FL.4.P, n. The piece that covers the pocket-hole. POCICETFUL, n. As much as a pocket will hold. POCK'ET-I'lCIvING, n. Act of pick- ing the pocket. POCKET-PISTOL, 71. A pistol to be carried in the pocket. — In familiar language, a small vessel of liquor car- ried in the pocket. POCK'ET-SHERIFF, n. A shcrift ap- l»ointed by the sovereign, who is not one of the tliree nominated in the ex- chequer. POCK ET-VOLUME, n. A portable volume. POCK'-FRETTEN, a. Sec Pockar- RKD. POCK'INESS, H. The state of being pockv. POCKMAN'TY, n. A portmanteau. [Scotch.] POC'ULIFORM,a. [L. jMCii/«m, a cup, and forma, form.] Cup-shaped. ;!lil PODES'TA, «. [It] One of the chief magistrates of Genoa or Venice; a magistrate. PODETIUM, 71. [Gr. T.M ^rj?..-, a foot.] In hot., the stalk-like elongation of tlie thallus which supports the fructification of the cenomtjce, a plant of the order of Lichens. PO'K, 77. The principal food of the Sand- wich Islanders. It is prepared from the root of the taro, or Colocasia cscu- Icnta, which, after being mixed witli water, is beaten with a pestle till it be- comes an adhesive mass like dough ; it is then fermented, and in three or four days the poe is fit for use. It is eaten by the islanders by thrusting the forefinger of the right hand into the mass, taking away as much as adheres to it, and conveying it to the mouth by a quick revolving motion of the hand. Their only name for the forefinger is from this circumstance, ha-rima-poc, or poe-finger. PO'E-BIRD, 71. The Prosthemadera cincinnata, a New Zealand bird, be- longing to the family of the honey- eaters. It is greatly valued by the" natives of the soutliern islands, on ac- count of its glossy pliuuage, which con- Poc-bird, PniOiemadi. — To point a rope, to cause it, as by taking out a few of its yarns, and with these working a mat over it, so that it may pass easily through a hole— 7'o lioint the yards of a vessel, to brace POLANISIA POLAKIZED POLONIE them so that the wind shall strike them obliquely. POINT,t V. t. for Appoint. POINT'-BLANK, a. [Fr] In gmmery, having a horizontal direction ; as, a point-blank shot. Hence, direct; as, a point-hJank denial. — As an adverb, horizontally; directly. POINT-D'-AP PUI, «. (p«agh-dap'- pue.) [Fr.] Point of support; basis; a fised point at which troops form, and on which operations rest. POINT-DEVKSE', h. [Fr] Originnlly, a particular sort of patterned lace, or a device worked with a point or needle; hence, something uncommonly nice and exact. POINT'ED,t pp. for Appointed. {Spenser.'] P01NTEN,t injin. of verb to puint. To prick with anything pointed. [Chau- cer.] POINT'EPvS, n. In xhip-buihllno, pieces of timber fixed fore-and-aft, and dla- The root is used in the United States, FriLine or Ship, insiJ^; or Stern. 1. 1, Pointers: 2, 2, Quarter timbers; 3, 3, Counter-tim- bera ; 4, Count€T-tlmber Knee ; &, Main Transom penally inside of a vessel's run or quar- ter, to connect the stern-frame with her after-body. They are also called snake-pieces. POINT'lNG,n. [add.] Pointing a rope. [See Point, v. /., in this Supp.] POI'TKAIL, n. See Poitrel. POKE, n. A lazy person ; a dawdle. [American.] — In New England, a name given to an apparatus to prevent unruly beasts from leaping fences, consisting of a yoke with a pole inserted pointing forward. POKE, V. t. To poke fun. to joke; to make fun. — 7b poke fun at, toridioiile; to make a butt of one. [Colloquial or familiar.] Poke, V. t. To put a poke on; as, to poke an ox. [American.] PoKE'-BOWINET, n. A long, straight bonnet, much worn by Quakers and Methodists. [American.] POKE'-LOKEN, 71. An Indian word used by hunters and lumbermen in the state of Maine, North America, to de- note a marshy place or stagnant pool, extending into the land from a stream or lake. PuK'ER, n. [add.] He or that which pokes; a poking-stick ; a stiff person. [Colloq.] POK'ERISIT, a. Frightful; causing fear, especially to children. — Also, stiff, like a poker. [A colloquial ivord.] P O J-,t V. t. See Poll, No. 4. [Spen- ser.] POLA'CRE, )n. Dele the words, "nor POLAC'CA, ) horses to their upper yards." POLANIS'lA, ?i. A genus of plants, nat. order Capparidacea?. P. viscosa, or icosandra, is a native of the East Indies, and is used in Cochin China as a counter-irritant, and as a vesicant. II.— Supp. PolAnisia \ i£cosa> as well as that of another species (P. gravcolens). as a vermifuge. POLARIM'ETER, n. [Polar, and Gr. fj.iT^ov.] An instrument which measures the polarization of the sky, by observ- ing with it either the varying angle at which it is compensated or neutralized by a fixed number of thin glass plates, or the varying number of refracting surfaces by which the same effect may be produced at a fixed angle, capable also of being changed. POLAR'ITY, n. [add.] Ttvo polarities, a term expressive of two antagonist energies, each of which repels that which is similar, and attracts that which is opposite to itself. Thus, the two north poles, or two south poles of two magnets, mutually repel each other; but the north pole of one magnet, and the south pole of another, mutually at- tract each other. — Chemical polarity. In voltaic electricity^ the zinc and hy- dro-chloric acid, when brought into contact, are equally supposed to have a polarizable molecule ; one pole of each molecule having the attraction or af- finity which is characteristic of zinc, and is called the zincous pole; while the other has the attraction or affinity which is characteristic of chlorine, and is c:illed the chlorous pole. — Boreal polarity, the polarity of tlie earth, ex- hibited at its south magnetic pole, and formerly called sovth polarity. — Aus- tral polarity, the polarity of the earth, exhibited at its north magnetic pole, and formerly called its north polarity. The terms north and south polarities are restricted to the magnetic needle. — Chemical and cohesive polarities, two liypothetical forces, supposed by Dr. Prout to reside in the ultimate mole- cules of matter; the chemical being of a binary character existing between molecule and molecule, and chiefly be- tween molecules of different matter; the cohesive determining, under certain circumstances, the cohesion of the molecules of the same kind of matter. POLARiZ'ABLE, a. Susceptible of polarization. POLARIZA'TION,n. [add.] The state of having polarity. — Movable polari- zation, the name given by Eiot to a supposed oscillatory movement of the molecules of polarized light, in passing through a plate of doubly refracting crystal. POLARIZED, pp. ova. [add.] Po- larized rings, coloured rings which are seen when polarized light is transmit- ted through transparent media, espe- 311 cially through plates of a doubly re- fracting crystal. POL'DER, n. [D. a drained lake.] In Holland and Belgium, a tract of land reclaimed from the sea by means of high embankments. POLE, n. [add. 1 The sky ; as, the starry pole. [Milton!] — Pole of revolution. When a globe or sphere revolves about one of its diameters as an axis, each extremity of such diameter is called a 2wle of revolution. In this case the different points of the surface of the sphere describe parallel circles having the poles of revolution for their poles. POLEMIC, n. instead of POLEMIO. POL'EHIST, n. A controversialist ; a polemic. [Ra?: us.] POLTCE', n. [add.] In Scotland, the larger towns have separate police sta- tutes, by which the management and control of the system are put into the hands of commissioners elected bien- nially by the male occupiers of premises within the town or city, valued at £5 and upwards of yearly rent. — Rural police, a constabulary force appointed by the commissioners of supply of the counties, for the preservation of order, suppression of vagrancy, &c., in rural districts, POLlfC'ED, instead of POL'ICED, a. POLl'CE'-OFFICE, n. A metropolitan court, where the stipendiary magis- trates, who are chosen from barristers of a certain standing, sit from day to day for the despatch of business relating to police matters. There are several po- lice-offices in the neighbourhood of London.— In Scotland, the same name is given to offices in towns, where the business of the police is transacted, and where the commissioners of police hold courts. POL' ICY, n. [add.] The course or management of public affairs, with re- spect either to foreign powers or to in- ternal arrangement; the line of conduct which the rulers of a nation adopt on particular questions, especially with re- gard to foreign countries, and accord- ing to our opinion of that particular line of conduct, we say that it is good or bad j)olicy. POL'ICY,! v. t. To reduce to order; to regulate by laws. POLIT'ICALISIM, n. Political zeal or partizanship. POLIT'ICALLY, adv. [add] With relation to politics. POL'ITICS, n. [add.] In a /oo^er sense, political affairs, or the contestsof parties for power. POL'IVE,t n. A pulley. [Chaucer.] POLL, V. t. [add.] To receive or give, as votes; to bring to the poll; as, to poll votes. POLL'ACK, n. See PoLLOrK:. POL'LAX,t n. A ptlc-axe; a heavy halbert; a battle-axe. [Chaucer.] POLL'ED, pp. [add.] Brought to the poll, as votes ; having entered one*s name in a register, particularly as a voter. POLL'ED, instead of POLLED, a. POL'LENINE. n. Same asPoLLENiN. POL'LETS, t .•;. Epaulets; small overlapping protections of plate for tiie shoulders of an armed knight. POLL'ING, 2>pr. [add.] Bringing to the poll, as votes. POLL'-SILVER, n. Same as Poi.vT.\x. POLLCT'EDLY, adv. With pollution. POLO'NIE, \n. A great -coat; a POLO'NIAN, f Polish surtout; a dress for very young boys, including a sort of 8h POLYPEAN POMELEE POORTITH waistcont. with loose sloping skirts. [Scotcfi.l POLONOISE', instead of POL'ON- OISE, (pron. polo-naze'.) POLO'NV, n. A well-known and fa- vourite pudding. POLTROON," (7. Base; vile; con- temptihle. POLTKOOX ISn, a. ResemLUng a poltroon ; cowardly. P()LYA(OUS'TI€S, n. The art of mul- tiplying sounds; instruments for mul> tipljing sounds. POLYB'ASITE, n. TGr. a^>.u;, many, and $xffi!, base.] An iron-black ore of silver, consisting of silver, sulphur, and antimony, with some copper and arsenic. POLY€ARTOUS, a. | Gr. ^«>.i;.-,many, aud zx.cTai, fruit.] Infc(>/.,a term applied to a plant which bears tVuit many times without perisliing. POLY€T.I'NUM, h. [Gr. t.aw, many, and atA.ijj, a bed.j A genus of tixed mol- luscs, including all those forms of ag- gregated tunicated molluscs which agree more or less closely in internal struc- ture with the salp^P and a.«eidians. POLYDIP SIA, ?i. [Gr. tiaw, and a.-:.x. thirst.] Excessive thirst; insatiable de- sire of drinking. POLYEDKON. \See Polyhedron. POLYE'DROUS. f and Polyhedral. POL'YFOIL,H. [Gr.T#>.w-.andL./o/i»;«. a leaf.] In arch , a ieaf-ornaraeut of more than five divisions; also termed multifuU. POLYGAL'IC ACID, n. An acid ob- tained by boiling the powder of the root of Poll/gala xenetja. POLYGYNOUS, instead of POLY- GYN'OUS. POLYL'OQUENT, a. [Gr. to.u:, and L. loquor, to speak.] Talking much; talk- ative. POLYArER'I€, a. [Gr. ^s/^-, and us;*,-, a part,] In c/jem.,a term applied to those bodies which contain the same relative but not the same absolute number of atoms of the same elements, and whose atomic weights ai e onnsequentlv unlike. POLY.MERISM, n. In chem!, a term employed to designate the state of cer- tain compounds which contain the same relative but not the same absolute num- ber of atoms of the same elements. Several carburets of hydrogen afford examples of polymerism. [5ee Iso- merism.] POI/Y.MORPHY, K. [Gr. ir^uj, and /xcjf^, form.] State of having many forms. POLYN'IA, n. Iceless Sea; a name given by the Russians to part of the Polar Ocean to the north of Asia, which is always open sea. It is met with about sixteen miles north of the islands of Kotelnoi and New Siberia, and extends thence, in a more or less direct line, about the same distance from the con- tinent between Cape Schelagskoi and Cape North. POLYOM'MATOUS,a.[Gr TtX;^,many, and oit/xx. the eve.) Manv-eyed. POLYOM MATUS, «. A genus of le- pidopterous insects, so called from many of the species having numerous eye - like marks ou the under side. There are many British species. From their colour being generally blue in the males, these pretty little butterflies are commonly called blues. POLYORA'xAIA. h. [add.] An optical machine presenting many views. \_See Paxoram.x.] POLYPE'AN, a. Relatingto the polype, or polypus. j POLYPHA'GIA, n. [Gr. ^r^w, and qx >*, to eat. J Excessive desire of eating. I POLYPII ONISM, POLYPH ONY. instead of POL YPHONISM, POL'- YPHONY. POLYPH'ONIST,H. One who professes the art of multiplying sounds, or who makes a variety of sounds ; a ventrilo- quist. POLYPn'ONOUS, a. Same as Poly- phonic. POLYPIF'ERA, ) n. A class of radi- POLYPIPH ERA, [ ata, consisting of soft aquatic animals of a plant- like form, which develope small, tubular, digestive sacs called poli/jn\ the mar- gins of which are furnished with sensi- tive tentacula, and the sides of the lat- ter with vibratile cilia. They have been divided into four orders, viz., Hydroido, Ilelianthoida, Asteroida, and Ciliobran- chiata. POLYP'OROUS, a. [Gr. i.>.v;, and !r;;s;, a passage, an interstice, a pore.] Having manv pores. POLYP'ORUS, H. [add.] P. ignianus is known by the name of hard amadou, touch-wood, or spunk ; P. fonientariiis. by the name of soft amadou, or German tinder: P. officinalis is the larch-aga- ric, formerly employed as a drastic pur- gative. POLYP'TERTJS,M. [Gr.3-*xy.-.and3^.-i.;», a fin.] A genus of acanthopterygious fishes belonging to the family Percidie, distingnished by a continued series of small dorsal fins, which runs along tlie whole length of the back. One species inhabits the Nile, and is called by the Egyptians bichir. POLYSAR CIA, n. [Gr. T.Ao;,and «.| tiesh.] Corpulency; obesity. POLYSYNTHET'IC, ) rt.[Gr t^w POLYSYNTHET'I€AL,i and m. [See POLYTUALAMA'CEANS, \ Poly- THALAMOUS.] An ordcr of ccphalopods, including those which inhabit many- chambered cells (tTtX:/.-, many, and 6a>.x fj.6:, a chamber^ It embraces the families Nautilid*, Ammonitid^, Spi- rulidae, and Belemnitidse. POLYZO'ONS, )h. [Gr.T;^.:/,-.and r^... POLYZO'A, f an animal.] A class of compound animals resembling, in their organs of support, the sertularians. but, in their internal organizationj ap- proaching nearly to the compound as- cidians. POMAN'DER, instead of PO'MAN- DER, H. POM'EL.t n. [See Pommel.] Any ball or round thing; the top of the head. [Chaucer.] POM ELEE,t(/.[Fr.pomme/c.] Spotted with round spots like apples ; dappled. — Pomelee gris, of a dapple-gray colour. [Chaucer.] 012 POM'ET-TO'WER,t u. Supposed to be an error for pomel-towery that is, a round tower. [See Pommel] POM'FRET, n. Stromateu^ a genus of acanthopterygious fishes, having the same compressed form as the dory, but the muzzle is blunt and not retractile. The species are found in the Mediter- ranean, the Indian, and Pacific oceans. POM'MAC'tE,?^. The substanceof apples ground, before or after the cider is ex- pressed ; pomace. POMMELLING, n. A beating or bruis- ing. POMOL'OGIST, n. One who is versed in pomology; a cultivator of fruit or fruit-trees. PO'MOTIS. n. [Gr. »**», a lid or cover, and iwj, «■«;, an ear.] A genus of fishes belonging to the family Percidse, cha- racterized by the body being compressed and oval, and by a membranous pro- longation at the angle of the oper- culum. They inhabit the rivers, &c.. of America, where they are called pond-perch. POMPO SO. instead of POMTOSO. PO'MUM, u. [L.] An apple. [See Pome.] PONCHO, n. [Sp.l A sort of cloak or loose garment worn by the South Ameri- can Indians, and also by many of the Spanish inhabitants of South America. PONDERABLE MATTER, n. In physics, a term applied to all bodies possessing weight, as metals, minerals, water, air, gases, &c., as distinguished from light, heat, and electricity, which, having no appreciable weight, are called imponderable agents. PON'DEUABLENESS, n. SUte of be- ing ponderable. PON6EE', n. An inferior kind of Indian silk. P0N6HEE', «. A Birman priest of the higher order. PONS, u. [L.] A bridge.~In anal., a medium of communication between two parts; as the pons variolii, the commis- sure of the cerebellum, which associates the two lateral lobes in their commou function. PONTAGE, n. [add.] A due to the lord of the fee for persons or goods that pass over rivers, bridges, tScc. PON'TIA, n. A genus of lepidopterous insects, of which the common white or cabbage butterfly {P. brassica) is a well- known species. POXTONIER', \ Ji. [Fr.] A term ap- PONTONNlEK',J plied to soldier having the charge of constructing bridges. POO, V. t. To pull. [Scotch.] POO'IN'. ppr. Pulling. [Scotch.] POOL'ER, «. An instrument to stir a tan-vat. PO ON, //. A JIalay word signifying wood in general. POOP, n. [add.] In icar-ships the poop is called the round-lwitse. — In merchant vessels, when the quarter-deck is ele- vated, it is often called the poop. POOP ED, />;>. or a. Having a poop; struck on the poop or stern by a heavy sea. POOR'-BOX,H. Aboxto receive money for the poor. POOR FU', a. Powerful. [Scotch.] POOR'HOUSE, H. An almshouse; a house or building for the maintenance of the poor. POOR-MAN-OF-MUTTON, n. Cold meat ; cold mutton broiled. [Scotch.] POOR'S'-RATES, n. 5eePooR-RATEs. POOR TITH, 71. Poverty. [Scutch.^ TORE PORTECOLISE POSE POUS'Sri; 1 "A hare or cat. [5<:(Xc7('.] p8nT'Ri}''P°"'*^^- C*""^''! FOOTS, \n. Poults; young grouse, &c. POUTS, ( \Scotch.\ POPE, n. [add.] In the Greek church, a parish priest; a chaplain in a Greek or Russian re;;iineut, in a ship, tfcc. In the Russian military colonies tlie popes have charge of the schools.— A. local name for the common bull-finch. POP'ELOT,t n. [Perhaps from Fr. jjof/>'^c,apuppet.J A little doll. [Chau- cer. I POPE'S'-HEAD, n. A large round brush, with a long handle, for dusting ceilings. [Local.] POP'ET,t rt. [Fr. poupee.] A puppet. \('/uiucer.^ POP'INtliAY, w. S'.e PoiMNJAV. POP'LAR, 11. laid.] Balsam- poplar, the Populus halsamifera, Linn., which grows in the United States. Tacaraa- hac is obtained from the buds. POP LARED, rt. Covered with, or con- taining poplars. I'OPLlTiE'US, n. [L. pophs^th^ ham.] In anal., a muscle which serves to bend the thigh and leg. POP'PED,t a. [Fr. pQupin.'\ Nicely dressed. [Chaucer.^ POP PED €ORN, n. Parched Indian corn ; so called from the noise it makes on bursting open by the heat. [Ameri- can.'] POP'PER.t n. A dagger. [Chaucer.] POP'PETS, u. In ship-building, shores placed between a vessel's bottom and the bilge- ways,at the foremost and after- most parts, to support her in launch- ing. — In turning^ the part of a lathe which holds that end of the work to be turned which is farthest from the mamlrll. POPPLING, ppr. Bubbling; purling; rippling. [Scotch.] POP'PY-OIL, n. An oi! obtained from the seeds of the iJOppy, It is used in the composition of varnishes, and, in the northern part of France, by soap- boilers. POPULARIZA'TION, n. Act of mak- ing popular. PORXELAIN, or PORCE'LAIN, in- stead of PORCELAIN, n. Pron. por - selan, or pors'lan. POR'CELAIN, » u.(por'selanorpors'- PORCE'LAIN,/ Ian.) Belonging to, or consisting of porcelain. POR'CELAIN-CLAY, n. A species of clay used in the manufacture of porce- lain. It is of various shades of white, and consists, according to Wedgwood, of GO parts alumina and 40 parts silica. POR'CELAIN-JASPER, n. Same a^ PORCELLANITE, — ichich A/>. Pushed. [Chaucer^ POSSESS', r7. [add.] Toinform.[^7iflft.] POSSESSED, pp. [add.] Informed. [Shah.^ POSSESSION, n. [add.] The state of owning or having in one's own bands or power; the thing possessed. Pos- session, in its primary sense, is the con- dition or power by virtue of which a man has such a mastery over a corpo- real thing, as to deal with it at his pleasure, and to exclude other persons from meddling with it. This condition or power is detention, and it lies at the bottom of all legal senses of the word possession. This possession is no legal state or condition, but it may be the source of rights ; and it then becomes possession in a jmistical or legal sense; but even in this sense it is not in any way to be confounded with property. A man may have the juristical posses- sion of a thing without being the pro- prietor, and a man may be the proprie- tor of a thing without having the juris- tical possession of it, and, consequently, without having the detention of it. Ownership is the legal capacity to ope- rate on a thing according to a man's pleasure, and to exclude everybody else from doing so. Possession, in the sense of detention, is tlie actual exercise of such a power as the owner has a right to exercise. Actual possession is where a person enters into lands or tenements descended or conveyed to him; appa- rent possession is a species of presump- tive title, where land descended to the heir of an abator, intruder, disseisor, who died seized; possession in law is when lands, &c., are descended to a man, and he has not actually entered into them ; naked possession is mere possession without colour of right. POSSES SIONAUY, a. Relating to, or implying possession. POSS'ES SIONEUS,! n. plnr. An in- vidious name for such religious com- munities as were endowed with lands, &c. The mendicant orders professed to live entirelv upon alms. [Chaucer.] POSSESSIONS, n. Mental endow- ments. [Shah.] POSSESSIVE, a. [add.] Possessive pronoun, in gram., a pronoun denoting possession or property ; as, my, thy, his, her, our, pour, their. POSSESSIVE, n. A pronoun denoting possession. POSSES SIVELY, adv. In a manner denoting possession. POSSESS'ORY, a. [add.] Arising from present possession ; as, a pos. American Indians, a priest; a conjuror. Hence, conjui'ation performed for the cure of diseases, and other purposes. Also, the feasts, dances;, and other public doings of the American Indians, preliminary to a grand hunt, a council, a war-expedi- tion, or the like. Ilenof, the term is applied in North America to any up- roarious meeting for a political purpose. POW-^VOW, f. i. To use magical arts; to conjure; to divine. POYNETTS', n. [Fr. poin^onnets,] In ancient costume, liitle bodkins or puucli- eous, worn as points. POYNT'ELL, n. In arch., a floor set into squares, or lozenge forms. Y paved with pointt/U. each point alier other I'iers flowmitu. PRACTICALITY, n. Same as Prac- ticalness. PRAG'TIGAL JOKE, n. A trirk play- ed upon some one, usually to the injury or annovance of his person. PRA€flCKE,t «. Practice. [CAfl«- cer.] PRAGTICKE/r a. Practical; relating to action. — Pracliche paine, practical pains; praoLice and endeavour. [5pe7i- ser. I PR JiCEP TORIES, n. See Precep- TORIES. PR.^i:CIPE, n. [add.] This original writ is now abolished; but the word is still used to denote a slip of paper upon which the particulars of a writ are written. It is lodged in the office out of which the required writ is to be issued. — Praecipe in capite, a writ out of chancery for a tenant holding of the crown in chief. PREDIAL, r7. 5Le Predial. PR^FOLIA'TION, «. InOuL, the ar- rangement of leaves in a leaf-bud. PR^MORSE', a. In bot., the same as truncate, except that the termination is ragged and in-eguiar, as if bitten off. PR.ETO'RIU.M, n. [add.] That part of a Roman camp in which the general's teiit stood. PRAGMAT I€ HISTORY, «. Among German ici'iters, a history which ex- hibits clearly the causes and the conse- (jnences of events, PRAIRIE-BITTEUS. n. A beverage, common among the hunters and moun- taineers of Western America. It is made with a pint of water and a quar- ter of a gill of buffalo-gall. It is con- sidered an excellent medicine. PRAIRIE-DOG, 7i. A small rodent animal, the wistonwith, Spermophilus or Arctomt/a ludovicianus, allied to the marmot, and found on the prairies west of the Mississippi. These animals live beneath the ground in large waiTens, containing many hundreds, and are cha- racterized by a sharp barlf. like that of a small dog. [See cut in Diet. Wiston- with.] PRaI'KIE-UEN, n. In the United States, the popular name of the pin- nated grouse ( Tetrao cupido). PRAIRIL'LON, ». A small prairie. PKAIS'ABLY, adv. So as to deserve praise. PRANKE,f «. i See Prank.] A sportive or playful action ; a frolic ; a trick ; great injury or mischief. [Spenser.\ PRATIC, H. 5fe Pratique. PRATIQUE, n. Misplaced: see after Pratfr. PRATTY, fl. Pretty. [Scotch.] PRAY,t n. [See Pret.] A beast of prey. [Spenser.] PR.\Y,f u.^ To make a prey of. [Spen-ier.] PRAYDE,f pp. ]\Iade a prey; seized as prey. [Ape;wer.] PKaY'ER, w. One who prays. PRAY ERLESSLY, orfp. In a prayer- less manner. Note. — In />7-a//,and its derivatives, a has the long sound, as in fate. PKAY'EU-MEETING, n. A meeting for prayer. PRAYING, a. Given to prayer; as, a prajiinq mother. PREADMONISHED, pp. Previously admonished. PREADMON'ISHING, ppr. Admon- ishing beforehand. 31G PREANNOUNCE', r t. To announce before, PREAPPREHEN'SION, n. A pre- vious apprehension. PREAS'ING,t a. Crowding. [Spen- ser.] PREAU'DIENCE. n. [add.] The right of being heard before another. The preaudience of the bar is as follows : — (1.) The queen's attorney-general. (2.) The queen's solicitor-general. (3.) The queen's premier-serjeant. (4.) The eld- est among the queen's Serjeants, (a.) The queen's advocate-general. (6.) The queen's Serjeants. (7.) The queen's council. (S.) Serjeants-at-law. (9.) The recorder of London. (10.) Advocates of the civil law. (11.) Barristers. PREBEN DAL, instead of PREB £N- DAL, a. PREB'ENDARY,n. [add.] A prebend. [Swift.] PRECARIOUS, a. [add.] Precarious jurisprudence, in laic, a term applied to a fund or stock, of which a person has not tlie full property, ^vhereof be cannot dispose absolutely, and which is most of it borrowed.— Precanou* loan, a bailment at will. PREC'ATIVE, ) instead of PRE'- PRECATORY,) CATIVE, PRE- CATORY. PRECAU'TIONED, pp. Warned be- forehand. PRECAU'TIONING, ppr. Previously advising, or cautioning. PRECAU T10U6LY, cu/i'. With pre- caution. PRECEDENCE, n. [add.] Patent of precedence, a grant from the crown to such barristers as it thinks proper to honour with that maik of distinction, whereby they are entitled to such rank and preaudience as are assigned in theii' respective patents. PRECEESE'LY, adv. Precisely. [Scotch.] PKECEN'TORSHIP, «. The employ- ment or office of a precentor. PRE'CEPT,t V. t. To direct; to in- struct, or order by rules. [Bacon.] PRECEP'TOR, «. [add.J Among the Knhjhts Templar, the head of a pre- ceptorv. PRE"C10US,.i.[add.]Over-nice;over- serupulous. [Chaucer.] PRECIP ITANTNESS, «. Quality of being precipitant. PRECIP ITATE, H. [add.] Wliiie pre- cipitate, amuiouiated submuriate of mercury. — Sweet precipitate^ the chlo- ride of mercurv or calomel. PRECIPITATE, V. t. [add.] To has- ten or urge on too quickly. PKECJSE'NESis, n. [add.] Stiffness; a scrupulous conformity with a pattern, excluding all fashionable form or orna- ments ; as, preciseness of dress. PRECIS lANlST, /J. One very pre- cise; a precisian. PRECOMPOS'ED, pp. or a. Composed beforehand. PRECOMPOS ING, ppr. Composing beforehand. PKECONCERT'EDNESS, «. State of being preconcerted. [Rar, us.] PRECONFORM'ITY, n. Antecedent conformity. PRECONSlGN'ED,i>i.. Consigned be- forehand. PRECONSIGN ING, ppr. Making a previous consignment of. PUECONTRAC'TING,?>;>r. Stipulat- ing or contracting beforehand. PREDECEASE, n. The decease of one before another. PREJUDICE PRERESOLVB PRESERVE PREDESIGNED, ])p. Purposed or de- termined previou^^ly. PKEDESIGN ING, ppr. Designins previously. PREDES'TINATE, n. Predestinated. PREDES'TINATIVE, a. That pre- destinates; foreordainin:^. PREDES'TINE.t n. Predestination. [Chaucer.] PREDETERM'INABLE, n. Tliatmay he predetermined. PREDETERMINE, v. i. To determine beforeliand. PREDICATE, V. t. [add. J To prrdi- cate on or upon, to found a proposition, argument, &c., on some basis or data; as, to vredicate an argument on certain princii>le3. \American.'\ PREDICA'TION, n. [add.] Preaching; a sermon. [^Chaucer.\ PREDIC'TIVELY, adv. By way of prediction. PREDOM'INATE,K.(. [add.] To mas- ter; to conquer ; to overpower. [Shall. \ PRE-EJIPLOY', V. t. To employ pre- viously or before others. [Shah.\ PREES,f \n. A press, or crowd. PREASE.t ( [Chaucer.] PRE-ESTABLISHING, ppr. Settling or ordaining beforeliand. PREEV'ING,t n. A proving; proof; trial. [Spen.-r. instead of PRELUDING. PREiM'ISES, n. [add.] In law, lands, and houses or tenements. PREMISS, n. [add.] In logic, a propo- sition employed to establish a certain conclusion. The major premiss is that in which the major term is compared with the middle ; the minor premiss, that in wdiich the minor term is com- pared with the middle. [See Pre- mises, Syllogism.] PREMON'ISHIJSG,.!)j)r. Admonishing beforehand. PREMON'ITOR, n. One who gives premonition, or previous warning. PREMON'ITORILY, ado. By way of premonition. PREMONSTRATOR, n. He or that which premonstrates, or shows before- hand. PREMUNlTE',t \v. t. To guard PREM'UNiTE,t ) against objection ; to fortify. PREMU'NITORY, a. Defining a pe- nalty that may he incurred. PREN'DER, n. [Fr. prendre.] In laic, the power or right of taking a thing before it is oi^'ered. PRENOM'INATING, ppr. Forenam- ing. PRENT, V. I. To print. [Scotch.] PRENT, n. Print. [Scotch.] PREN'TIS,+ «. An apprentice. [Chau- cer.] PREN'TISHODE,t n. Apprenticeship. [Chancer.] PR EPAID', pp. or a. Paid in advance, as postage of letters. PREPA'KAT,t PP- [L. preparatus.] Prepared. [Chaucer.] PREPARA'TION, instead of PRE- PARATION. PREPAY', V. t. instead of PREPAY. PREPAY'MENT, n. Act of paying be- forehand; payment in advance, as of postage. PREPENSE'LY, adv. In a prepense manner. PREPOND'ERATE, D. (. [add.] To pon- der or consider previously. [Shaj'tes- bury.] PREPUTIAL, a. Pertaining to the prepuce, or fore-skin. PRERESOLVE', i'. t. To resolve pre- l vionsly. ^17 PRERESOLV'ED, VP- Resolved be- forehand ; previously determined. PRERESOLV'ING, ppr. Resolving beforehand. PREROG'ATIVELY, adv. By exclu- sive or peculiar privilege. PREROG'ATIVE WRITS, n. In law, processes issued upon extraordinary occasions on proper cause shown. They are the writs o^ procedendo, mandamus, prohibition, cpto warranto, habeas cor- pus, certiorari. PRfeS,t adv. [Fr.] Near.— 0/ ;irj«, or de pres, at hand; close. — Of pris may also be understood, in a press. [Chau- cer.] PRESAGE', V. t. [add.] To point out with the hand, as a road or path. [Spenser.] PRES'BYOPY, n. See Presbtoph. PRESBYTERAL, a. Relating to a presbyter or presbytery. PRESBYT'EUATE,)!. [add.] The office or station of a presbyter. PRESBYTE UIUM, n. [Gr. T5!^fi.ii..»..] A presbytery ; that part of the church where Divine offices are performed, ap- plied to the choir or chancel, because it was the place appropriated to the bishop, priest, .and other clergy, while the laity were confined to the body of the church. PRES'BYTERSHIP, v. Same as Pbes- BYTER.\TF.. PRESCRiB'ER, u. [add.] One who directs medically; one who gives any rules or directions. PRESCRIPTION, n. [add.] By 2 and 3 Wm. IV., c. 71, immemorial usage in regard to prescriptions is dispensed with, and a period of thirty years, with certain exceptions, substituted for it. — ■ Corporations bu prescription, those corporations that have subsisted beyond the memory of man, and therefore are looked upon in law to be well created, such as the city of London. PRESCRIP'TUM, n. plur. Prescripta. [L.] A thing prescribed ; a prescription ; a prescript. PRESE.t '■. i. or i. To press or crowd. [Chaucer.] PRESENT', 1'. t. [add.] To represent ; to personate; to act. [Shah.]— In military Ian., to present arms is to hold them out in token of respect, as if ready to deliver them up.— In the United States, to indict. PRES'ENT, a. [add.] In the United Stales, a word put upon the back of letters addressed to persons residing in the place where the letter is written. PRES'ENTARIE,t « [h.praisentarius.] Present; that happens immediately. [Chaucer.] PRESENTA'TION, n. [add.] Presen- tation-copy, a copy of a work presented to some one by the author, as a testi - mony of respect. PRESENTEE', n. [add.] In Scotland.^ person presented by a patron as minis- ter to a vacant parish. PRESENTIMEN TAL, a. Relating to, or having presentiment. [liar, vs.] PRESENT'MENT, h. [add.] In criminal law, presentment is defined to be an in- formation made by the jury in a court before a judge who has authority to punish an offence. Presentments are also made in courts-leet and courts- baron before the stewards.— /■cescnf- mejit of a bill of exchange, the act ot presenting it for acceptance or payment. PRESERVE', t>. (. [add.] To maintain and keep throughout: as, to preserve \ appearances. PilETENSED PlilEST PRISIITIVE PRESiD'ER, n. One who presides. PRESS, n. [add.] Censorship of thepress, a regulation whicli prevails in many parts of the Continent, by which printed books, pamphlets, and newspapers are examined by persons appointed for the purpose, who are empowered to prevent publication, if thev see sufficient reason. PRESS, f. (. [add.] To press sail,or crowd sail, to carry a press of sail, that is, a great quantity of sail upon avessel. PKESSIHOS TEKS, n.SameasPKESSi- ROSTREs, — ichich see. PRESSIROS'TK.\L, a. Having a com- pressed or flattened beak, applied to certain birds, as the lapwing. PRESS LY,t ado. [h. presse.] Closely; with compression. PKESS'KESS,t«. Closeness; compres- I sion ; condensation of thought or Ian- i guage. [ Young.] 1 PRESS' PACK, V. t. To compress by I a liydraulic or other press ; as, to press- ] nach bales of soft goods. PRESS-PACKED, pp. or a. Com- pressed by a hydraulic or other presp, .ts bales of cotton, &c. 1 PRESS-PACKING,!!, or (ipr. Packing in a press, with a view to diminishing bulk. PRESS'-ROOM, n. An apartment in which presses for any purpose are kept. I — 2. Among printers, the room where the printing-presses are worked, as distinguished from a composing-room, &c. PRESSURE, n. [add.] Centre of pres- sure, that point at which the whole amount of pressure may be applied, with the same effect as it produces when distributed. [See Centre.] PliEST,t adv. Quickly; immediately. [Spenser.] PRES'TABLE, a. Payable; that may be made good. [5cott7!.] PRES TlOE, 1 (!. (prestidj, or pres- PRESTIOE', (■ tizh.) [Fr.] Fascina- tion ; charm ; inBuence of character or of conduct ; as, the prestige of Napo- leon Bonaparte. PKESTIS SIJIO, instead of PRES'- TISSIMO. PRESUilP'TION, n. [add.] Instead of the words • In Scots laiu," read. In law. — Presumption of survicorship. In laic, when two or more persons have died within a very short period of each other, and no witnesses have been pre- sent to note the exact instant of disso- lution, it is necessary to have recourse to presumptions, in order to determine w hich of them survived tlie others. By the Roman law, where two persons above the age of puberty perished by the same accident or fatality, the younger was presumed to have been the survivor; but if one was under the age of puberty, the other was presumed to have been the sur\ivor. PRESUMPTIVELT adv. [add] On supposition. PRESURMISE', instead of PRESUR- iriSE, n. PRETENCE, !!. (pretens'.) [aid.] De- sign ; purpose. [.S/ihA.] PRETENCE LESS, n. Having no pre- tension. PRETEND'ED, pp. [add.] Intended; proposed. [AViaA.]— Held forth to view ; stretched forth ; stretched over. [Spen- ser.] PRETENDING, ipr. or a. [add.] Ar- rogant; assuming. PRETENS'ED, a. [add.] Pretensed right. In law, where one is in posses- sion of land, and another, who is out of j possession, claims and sues for it, the pretensed right, or title, is said to be in him vs-ho so claims and sues for the same. PRETE'RIENT, «. Past through; anterior. [Rare.] PRET'EKIT, instead of PKE'- TERIT, a. PRETERIT, instead of PRE'- TERIT, !i. PRETERITE, a. or n. Used often for Preterit. PRETER'ITIVE, a. In gram., an epithet applied to verbs nsed only or chiefly in the preterit or past tenses. PRET'ERITNESS, instead of PRE'- TEUITNESS. PRETER PLU'FERFECT, or PRE- TER-PLUPER'FECT, a. PRETO RIUJI, H. See Pr.etorhtm. PRET'TY, a. [add.] Pretlt/ consider- able, tolerable; pretty well; tolerably; prettv. [Xew Ewiland vulgarism.] PRET TYISxM, !i. Affected prettiness. [Rare.] PREVE,T K. i. \See Pbote.] To try; to prove; to demonstiate by trial. [Chaucer.] PREVE,t 1-. i- To turn out apon trial. [Chaucer.] PREVENTATIVE, n. That which prevents. Incorrectly used for pre- ventive. PRE VENT'ED, >>i). [add.] Anticipated ; gone before. [^'A'zA.] PREVENTING,! ppr. [add] Coming before. [Spenser.] PREVEN TION, n. [add] The right which a superior person or officer has to lay hold of, claim, or transact, an affair prior to an inferior one, to whom otherwise it more immediately belongs ; as when the judges prevent subaltern ones. [Canon-law term.] PREW,ARN'ED, pp. Warned before- hand. PREWARNTNG, ppr. "Warning be- forehand. PRICE, 71. [add.] Natural price, among political economists, the same thing which is meant by the expression real value, which is said to be depend- ent solely on the quantity of labour necessary for the production of a thing. . — Marhet-price, or exchangeable value, that value in exchange which is actually got for anything, which will not always be the same as the real or natural price. [See Value.] PRICE.t V. t. [add.] To pay the price of. [Spenser.] PRICK, I', t. [add.] To prick or mark oil' the ship's place on a chart, after as- certaining her position, the bearings of the land. &c. PRICK, n. [add.] Prich-m>j-Daint>,, affected and tinical in dress or in car- riage. [Scotch.] PRlCK'ASOUR,t n. A fast or hard rider. [Chaucer.] PRICK'ING, n. [add.] Hard riding. [Chaucer.] — The act of piercing with a sharp point. — Tn farriery, the driving of a nail into a horse's foot, so as to produce lameness; also, the same as niching. PRIDE, r. i. To feel pride ; to glory ; to triumph ; as, those who pnde in being scholars. [Sici/if.] PRIE,t V. i. To piy; to look curiously. [Chaucer.] PRIEST, n. [add.] Originally, and pro- perly, one who officiates at the altar, or performs the rites of sacrifice. Thus it is used in pagan « riters, and in the Uoly Scriptures. 31S PRIEST'-€RAFTT, a. Relating to, or possessed of priest-craft. PRIEST'ISil, !i. The character, in- fluence, or government of the priest- hood. PRIEST'LESS, a. Having no priest. PRIEVE.+ i>. t. To prove. [Spenser.] PRIEV ED,t pp. Proved. [Spenser.] PRIG. V. i. To haggle; to importune; to plead hard. [Scotch.] PRIGGED, pp. Haggled for a bargain ; entreated earnestly; pleaded hard. PRIGGERY, n. Same as Priggism. PRIG'GISULY, adv. In a priggish manner; conceitedly; pertly. PRIKE.t 1 1', t. [See Prick.] To PRIKlv_E,f I wound ; to spur a horse. [Chaucer.] PRIKE.t \v. i. To ride hard. [Chau- PRIKKE.t ] cer:] PRI JI.A, DONNA, instead of PRIMA DONNA. PRIMA F.VCIE, instead of PRIMA FACIE, [add.] On the first facie or view; at fiist sight. — Prima facie evi- dence, in law, that which not being in- consistent with the falsity of the hypo- thesis, uevertheless raises such a degree of probability in its favour that it must prevail if it be accredited by the jury, unless it be rebutted, or the contrary proved. Conclusive evidejice, on the other hand, is that which excludes, or at least tends to exclude, the possibility of the truth of any other hypothesis than the one attempted to be established. PRI'iMARY, (/. [add.] Primary con- veyances, in law, original conveyances, consisting of feoffments, grants, gifts, leases, exchanges, partitions. PRI M.VRY, !!. That which stands highest in rank or importance, as op- posed to secondary. — 2. A name of the large feathers on the last joint of a bird's wing. PRIME, a. [add. I At prime temps, at the first time. — At prime face, at first appearance. [Chaurer.] PRIME, n. [add.] The first quarter of the aitificial djy. — Half-way prime, prime half spent. — Prime large, prime faradvanced. [Chaucer.] PRIME, !,'. (. [add.] To prime a gun, in naut. Ian., to pierce or prick the cart- ridge with the priming wire. PRIME, for PRIMELY, is vulgar. PRIMER-FINE, instead of PKIJIER- FINE. PRLMEROLE,t n. for Frimerose or Primrose. [Chaucer.] PRI MER- SEIZIN, instead of PRI- MER-SEIZIN. PRIMER- SERJEANT, «. The queen's first serieant-at-law. PKIME'TEMPS, t ". [Fr.] Spring. [Chaucer.] PRIME'VaL or STONE PERIOD, n. In archaol., one of the grand divisions of time into which the science has been divided, comprehending the pe- riod prior to a knowledge of metals. The founder of the system is the Da- nish councillor of state, J. C. Thom- sen, the son of a Copenhagen mer- chant. PRIM'ING, H. [add.] In steam-engines, the hot water carried along by the steam from the boiler into the cylinder, which is always an evil. PRIMIP'AKA, >i. [L. prima, first, and pario, to bring forth.] One who is de- livered of her first child. PRIJIITIVE, a. [add.] Primitive words, in gram., words not derived from any other words in the language. iSee Derivative.] FRISAGE PRIZE-COURT PROCRASTINATORY PRT:\IO0EN'ITIVE,7(.Pniiio-eniture; rig;ht of prunoLreniture. [•Slia/t.] FRLMOOEN ITIVK, a. Relating to primogeniture. PRIIMOR'DIUM, n. [L.] Beginning; origin. PRIMROSE, n. [add.] The cliief ; the worthiest. [Siienser.] PIirMULIN, n. A bitter tincture, ob- tained l>y digesting the roots of the cow- s\\p*(Prim)ihr verls) in water or spirit. PRT'MUJI MOB'ILE, instead of PRI- MUM MOBILE, [add.] In the Ptole- maic system^ tlie outermost of the re- volving spheres of the universe, which was supposed to give motion to all the others. PRI'MUS INTER PA'RES, instead of PRIMUS INTER PARES. PRIN'CE'S-FEATHER, n. An annual plant of the genus Amaranthus, the A. hiipoehondrideus. PRIN'CIFAL, n. [add.] In law, an heir-loom, mortuary, or corse-present. — Principal and agent. Instead of the words " In Scots law,'" read, In law. FRIN CIPAL POST, instead of PRIN- CIPAL POST. PRINCIP'IAL.t fl. [add.] Initial. \Baron.] PRIN'CiPLE, n. [add.] Beginning.— Proximate principle. [>'ee Proximate.] — Principle imsound, unsound or bad beginning. \^Spenser.\ PIUNK, V. t. To deck; to adorn; to dress or adjust to ostentation ; as, to prinh the hair. \Cou'per.'] PRINT, n. [add.] In arch., a plaster cast of a flat ornament, or an ornament of this kind formed of plaster from a mould. FRIN'TER'SINK, n. See Printing- Inr. FRINT'ERY, n. A printing establish- ment. [American. \ FRINT'-SELLER, n. One who sells prints or engravings. PRION, Ji. [Or. ^^luv, a saw.] A genus of oceanic birds, belonging to the petrel family. They are found in the Southern seas. From its colour one species is called the blue petrel. [See cut Pacutptila in this Supp.] PRION'ODON, n. [Gr. *?-»,. a saw, and clou;, a tooth.] A genus of quad- rupeds, partaking of the structural Di'lundung, /'rioHodon gracilis. character both of tiie jfclidw ard Mus- telid;e, but in the general economy and habits re.sembling the former only. P. gracilis is a native of Java, where it is called the delundung. It is a most active animal. PRIS.f 11. Price; praise. [Chaucer.l PRI'SA6E, n. [add.] The prisage of wine was abolished by 51 Geo. HI., c. 15. II. — Supp, PRISE, n. {s as z.) A lever. [Local.] PRISM, n. [add.] Achromatic prism, a prism tlirough which objects are viewed without prismatic fringes about their edges, as in the common glass prism. It consist? of two prisms fitted together, the one of flint-glass and the other of crown-glass. Prisms of this kind have been applied to telescopes and sextants. PRISMATTG \a.[iiM.] Prismatic PRISMAT'ICAL, f crystals, crystals iiaving a prismatic form. PRISMOID'AL, a. Having the form of a prismoid. PRIS'ONER, n. [add.] Prisoner on matter of record, in law, he who being present in court is by the court com- mitted to prison. — Prisoner on arrest, one apprehended by a sheriff or other lawful officer. PRiVATEER'ING,n. The act of plun- dering the ships of an enemy by priva- PRiVATEERS'MAN, n. An officer or seaman of a privateer. FRIV'ATIVELY, instead of FRIV- ATELY, ado. PRIVATIVE TERMS, n. In logic, terms which denote that a certain view might be taken of an object, though it is not so taken. Thus, in the expres- sion, "the moon is sometimes invisible,'' the word invisible is used privatively, for the moon is capable of being seen. PRIVE,t n. [Fr.] Privy; private.— Pnue and apert, private and public. — Prive man, a man intrusted with private busi- ness. \Cbaucer.~\ PRlVE'LY,tarfu. Privately. [Chaucer.] FRIVETEE.t n. IMvity ; private busi- ness. [Chaucer.] FRIV'IEjf a. Privy ; private ; secret. — Privie or pert, secret or open. [See Pert in this Supp.] [Sjienser.] PRIVIES, n. pliir. In laiv. [See Piiivv.] PRIVILEGE, n. [add.] License; per- mission. PRIVILEGED, pp. or a. [odd.] Privi- leged debts are recognized in English as well as Scots law. — Privileged vil- Icnage. [See Villenage.] FRIV'Y, n. [add.] Writers on /a zf enu- merate five kinds of privies ; viz., privies of blood ; privies in representation ; privies in estate ; privies in respect of contract, who are personal privities, and extend only to the persons of the lessor and lessee; privies in re=!pect of estate and contract, as where the lessee assigns his interest, but the con- tract between the lessor and lessee con- tinues, the lessor not having accepted of the assignee. PRIVY-COUNCIL, n. [add.] The duties of privy-councillors, as stated in the oath of office, are, to the best of their discretion, truly and impartially to advise the king, to keep secret his counsel, to avoid corruption, to streng- then the king's council in all that by them is thought good for the king and his land, to withstand those who at- tempt the contrary, and to do all that a good councillor ought to do unto his sovereign lord. PRIVY-PURSE, n. The income set apart for the sovereign's personal use. [See Civil List.] PRIVY-TITHES, n. Small tithes. PRIZE, V. t. [add.] To force up or open, as the iid of a chest, a door, &c. [Lo- cal.] PRIZE, 71. [add.] A lever, and also the hold of a lever. [Local.] PRIZE'-f 'OURT, 71. A court of the ad- miralty in which the lord high admiral, 31 y or his deputy, presides. It is the only tribunal for deciding what is and what is not lawful prize, and for adjudicating upon all matters, civil and criminal, re- lating to prize. PRiZE'-FlGHTING, n. Fighting; es- pecially boxing in public for a reward. PRIZ'ING, n. In 7narine Ian., the ap- plication of a lever to move any weighty body, as a cask, anchor, cannon, &c. FROAU'LION, 71. [Gr. ^^o, and t^vXr,, a hall.] In arch., a vestibule. PROB'ABILISM, instead of PRO- BABILISM. PROBABILISTS, n. Those who main- tain that a man may do what is iiroba- bly right, or is inculcated by teachers of authority, although it may not be the 7nost probably right, or may not seem right to himself. — Also, a term applied to those who maintain that certainty is impossible, and that proba- bility alone is to govern our faith and practice. PROB'AL, rt Probable. [Shah.] PRO'BATE, a. Relating to the proof or establislmient of v.iUs and testa- ments ; as, probate duties. PROBA'TUM EST, instead of PRO'- BATUM EST. PRO BO'NO PUB LICO, instead of PRO BONO PUBLICO. PROBOS'CIDATE.a. Furnisiicd with a proboscis. PROCEDENDO, h. [L.] In law, a writ which issues out of the common-law jurisdiction of the court of chancery, when judges of any subordinate court delay the parties, and will not give judgment either on the one side or on the other, when they ought so to do. It commands the judges to proceed to give judgment, but without specifying any particular judgment. A writ of pro edendo also lies vhcre an action has been removed from an inferior to a superior court, and it appears to the superior court that it was removed on insufficient grounds. [5'eePuoCEDENDi.] PROCEED', V. i. [add.] To take a de- gree; as, he jn-ocecdcd bachelor in phy- sic. [Johnson.] PROCEEDS, or PROCEEDS', n.p/Kr. PROC ESS, instead of PROCESS, «. (pron. pros'ess.) [add.] In law, the pro- cess now for the commencement of all personal actions, except replevin, is the same in all the courts, and is called a ivrit of summo?is. — In anal., [add.] a iobe or portion of the brain — In Shah., process is used for summons. PROC'ESSE,tn. Progress. [Chaucer.] PROCESSION, V. i. To go in proces- sion. [Hare.] FROCES'SIONALIST, w. One who walks in a procession. [Hare.] FROCESSIVE, a. Going forward ; ad- vancing. PROCES'SUM CONTINUAN'DO, h. [L.] In law, a writ for the continuance of process after the death of the ciiief- justice, or other justices in the com- mission of oyer and te7-miner. PRO'CHEIN -AVOIDANCE, h. In law, a power to present a minister to a church when it shall become void. FROCH'ILUS, n. A genus of Asiatic bears, so called from its long muzzle and extensile lips and tongue {;t£'?>»f»the lip, and trgo, forward). The bear of the jugglers in India is one of the species. FRO'CLAMATOR, n. An officer of , the court of common-pleas. I FROCON'SULARY, a. Proconsular. PROCRAS'TINATORY, a. Implying procrastination. ' 8 M PKOGXOSTIC.VTE PKOMEROPS PRONG-BUCK PKOCKUS TEAX, a. Pertaining to, or resembling Procrustes, or his moJe of torture. [See Pkocrcstes.] PKOeRUS'TEANIZE,t'.<. Tostretch or contract to a given or required ex- tent or size. PROeRDSTE'SIAN,(7. Same as Pko- CRUSTEAN. PROCTOR, n. [add.] An officer of the ecclesiastical courts, whose business is that of an agent between his clients and the courts to which he is attached. Proctors in the ecclesiastical courts dis- charge duties similar to those of solici- tors and attoriiies in other courts. — Proctors of the clergy, those who are chosen and appointed to appear for cathedral or other collegiate churches ; as also for the common clergy of every diocese, to sit in the convocation-house in the time of Parliament. PKOfURA'TION, n. [.idd.] Procura- tion-fee, or procuration-monepy a sum of money taken by scriveners on effecting loans of money. PROD'lGENCE.t n. [L. prodigentia.] Waste; profusion; jirodigality. PRODU€TA, n. An extinct genus of fossil bivalve sliells, closely allied to the living genus Tereljratula. They only occur in tlic older secondarv rocks. PKODUC'TIBLE, a. That may be pro- duced ; producible. [Lit. us.} PRODPCTIV ITY, n. Power of pro- ducing. PRODCeTRESS, n. A female who produces. PROFE€TI"TIOUS, a. Proceeding from. PRO' PERT, n. [add.] Profert in curia [L. he produces in court]. In fate, where either party alleges any deed, he is gene- rally obliged, by a rule of pleading, to make profert of such deed; that is, to produce it in court simultaneously with the pleading in which it is alleged. Ac- cording to present usage, this profert consists of a formal allegation that he shows the deed in court, it being, in fact, retained in his own custodv. PROFESSE.t V. t. [See Profess.] To exhibit the appearance of. [5i?e«5e7'.l PROFES SIONALIST, n. One who practises or belongs to some profession. [Rare.} PROFESSIOUX.t n. The monastic profession. [Chaucer.\ PROFESSO'RIALISif, n. Tlie charac- ter or quality of a professor, [Rare.] PROFFER, n. [add.] In law, an offer or endeavour to proceed in an action. — Also, the time appointed for the ac- counts of officers in the exchequer, which was twice a-vear. PROFLIGATE.t a. Defeated; routed. PROFLD'VIA, n. [1.. profiuo, to flow down.] in j>a/Ao., fluxes; pyrexia, at- tended with an increased excretion of a matter not naturally bloody. PROFD SIO, n. [L. profimdo, to pour forth ] In patlio.", a loss of blood. PROfi'ENY, H. [add.] Procreation [SImk.] PROGNATllA, n. [Gr. i;., and yix9.t, tlie jaw-bone.] A genus of coleopterous insects belonging to the family Brache- Ivtra. PROGNA TIIOUS, a. [Gr. ijs, before, and ytstSi;, the cheek or jaw-bone.] An epitliet applied to the negro race, expres- sive of tlie prominence of the upper jaw, or cheek-bones. PROGNOS TI€ATE, r. i. To judge or pronounce from presage, or presension of futurity. PRO'GRAMME, instead of PRO- GR.AJI'JIE. (pron. pro'gram.) PROGRESSIONIST, n. One who maintains the doctrine that society is in a state of progress towards perfec- tion, and that it will ultimately attain to it. PRO HAG Vl'CE, instead of PRO HAG VICE. PROH'EME.t n. A proem; a preface; a prelude. [Chaucer.l PROHIBITION, n. [add.] A writ of prohibition may issue from any of the three superior courts of common-law at Westminster, and also from each of the common-law courts at Chester and Lancaster, and it may be addressed to anv other temporal court. PROHIBI'TIONIST, n. One who fa- vours prohibitory duties in commerce ; a protectionist. PKOIECT ,+ t'. i. To project; to cast; to tlirow. [5;)e;tycr.] PRO INDIVISO, n. Instead of the words, " In Scots laic," read, In laic. PROINE.t i>. t. or t. [See Prois, Preen.] To prune; to preen. [Chau- cer.] PROJECTION, n. [add] Globular projection, that projection of the sphere which so represents its circles as to present the appearance of a globe. — Mercator^s projection. [See Mercatob's Chart.] PRO JET, 71. (pro-zha'.) [Fr.] Scheme; plan ; design. PROLA'BIUM, n. [L. pro, before, and labium, the lip.] In ana/., the membrane that invests the front part of the lips. PROLEG, n. SccProlegs. PROLES, n. [L] In late, progenv. PROLETA RIAN.t n. Same as Pro- LETAUr. PROLIX', a. [add.] Long, as applied to material objects; as, fingers prolix. [Sirifl.] PROLIXIOUS.t a. [add.] Tedious; prolix. [iSAwft.] PROLIXITY, 71. [add.] Used of ma- terial extension of length ; as, prolixili/ of shade. [Coirper.] PROLLE.t V. 1. To prowl; to go about in search of a thing. [Chaucer.'] PROL'OeCTOR,) 71. [add.] Prolocu- PROLOe'UTOR,V tor of the convo- PROLOCUTOR,5 cation-house, an officer chosen by ecclesiastical persons, publicly assembled in convocation, by virtue of the sovereign's writ. At every Parliament there are two prolo- cutors, one of the higher house of con- vocation, the other of the lower house ; the latter of whom is chosen by the lower house, and presented to the bishops of the higher house as their pro- locutor ; that is, the person by whom the lower house of convocation intend to deliver their resolutions to the upper house, and have their own house espe- cially ordered and governed. His office is to cause the clerk to call the names of such as are in that house when he sees cause, to read all things pro- pounded, gather suffrages, &c. PROLOC ITORSHIP, or PROLO- CU'TORSHIP. PROL'OOIZE, r. i. [add.] To be the first speaker in a drama. [Milton^ PROL'OftlZER, 71. One who makes prologues. [Lit. vs.] PROLONG'MENT,t 7i. The act of prolonging. PROMENADING, ppr. Walking for amusement or exercise. PROJIE'ROPS, n. A genus of insesso- lial birds, many of which are rcmark- 320 able for the beauty of their plumage and its singular arrangement. They have alongishbill.an extensible tongue, and feed upon insects, soft fruits, and rromeiop; superbii. the saccharine juices of plants. One species (P. superba) is a native of New Guinea; another {P. eri/throrhynchus) is a native of Africa. PROMISE, 71. [add.] Earnest; pledge; assurance. [Driiden.] — In law, a pro- mise without deed is said to be by parol. Promise is usually applied when the en- gagement is by p.arol only, for a promise bv deed is technicallv called a covenant. PROM'ISINGLY", adv. In a promising manner. PROMISOR, In. In law, one who PROMISOR', I promises. It is pro- nounced promisor' when used in oppo- sition to promisee. PROMONTO RICM, n, [L. a promon- tory.] In a7ia(., an eminence of the in- ternal ear, formed by the outer side of the vestibule, and by the corresponding cavitv of the cochlea. PRO JIOT'ERS, 71. In late, persons who in popular and penal actions prosecuted offenders in their name and the king's as informers, having part of the fines or penalties for their reward. They belonged chiefly to the exchequer and king's bench. PROMPT-BOOK, 11. The book used bv a prompter of a theatre. PROMULGA'TION, n. [add.] 77ie promulgation of a laic, is the making of it public, or giving notice of it to all persons in some way or other, A law may be notified by universal tradition and long practice, as in the case of the common-law of England, It may be notified by officers appointed for that purpose, as is done with regard to pro- clamations, and such acts of Parliament as are appointed to be publicly read in churches and other assemblies. It may, lastly, be notified by writing, printing, or the like, which is the ge- neral course taken with all our acts of Parliament. No person is allowed to plead ignorance of law as an excuse, PROM ULGATOR, instead of PRO- MUL'GATOR. PRONE, a. [add.] Forward; humble; having inclination or propensity; self- willed; headstrong. [6'/iaA.] PRONG, n. [add] A pointed projection. PRONG-BUCK, 71. A species of ante- lope, the Antilocapra americana, or A. furcifer, which inhabits the western parts of North America, where it is called the goat, and, by the Canadian hunters, cabrit. It frequents the plains in summer, and the mountains in win- ter. TROPOSED PKOTECTOK PROTOCOCCUS PRONG'ED, a. Having prongs or pro- jections ; forketl. PRONUN'CIATOR, n. One who pro- nounces. PRONUN'CIATORY, a. Relating to pronunciation. PROOF, a. Impenetrable; able to re- sist; having been proved able to resist something; taken from a copper-plate before it is at all worn ; as, a proof - imiti-ession. PROOF-SHEET, n. See Proof, No. 7. PROOF -SPIRIT, «. 6'ec Proof, No. 6. PR00F;-TEXT, n. A passage of Scrip- ture, relied upon for proving a doctrine, &c. PROPA'GO, n. [L.] A term applied by the older botanists to the branch laid down in the process of hiiiering. PROPAG'ULUM, n. [L.] Among the alrjcB, a term applied to sporaceous mat- ter, contained either in transformed branches, or the sphacelate extremity of a branch. PROPALE', V. t. To publish ; to dis- close. [Scotch.] PROPEL'LER, n. A contrivance for propelling a steam-boat by the action of a screw placed in the stern. [See Screw - Propeller under Screw.] — 2. A steam-boat thus propelled. PRO'PER, a. [add.] Mere; pure; as, a proper fool. [Uitusual.] Fine, in an ironical sense. A proper title of a peace. Sliak. PROP'ERATE, V. t. [L. propero.] To hasten. PROPERA'TION,t «■ Act of hasten- ing; haste. PROPER FEUDS, n. In law, the ori- ginal and genuine feuds held by pure military service. PROPHETI€AL'ITY, n. Prophetical- ness. [Bare.] PROPHET I^ALNESS, n. Quality of being prophetical. [Not mu. us.] PRO'PINE, n. A present ; a gift ; drink- money. [See the verb To Propine.) PROPl'TIATE, t>. i. To make propi- tiation or atonement. PROPI' TIATORILY, adv. By way of propitiation. PROPLAS'Tie, a. [See Proplasm] Forming a mould or cast. PROPOR'TION, n. [add.] A part or portion determined by comparative re- lation ; as, there is still a proportion due. PROPOR'TION, V. t. [add.) To bear proportion to ; to equal ; as, the ransom must proportion the losses we have borne \SJiah.] PROP0R'TIONAL,n. [add.] Relating to proportion. — In math., having the same ratio. PROPOR'TIONAL, n. A quantity 'in proportion. [See Proportionals.] — In rhem., a term employed in the theory of detinite proportions to designate the same as the weight of an atom or prime. PROPOR'TIONMENT, n. The act of proportioning. PROPO'SAL, n. [add.] In law, a state- ment in writing of some special mat- ter submitted to the consideration of one of the masters of the court of chancery, pursuant to an order made upon an application ex parte, or a de- cretal order of the court. PROPOSE', ... t. [add.] To set before the mind as an end or object; as, this was the course of proceeding which he proposed to himself. PROPOSE', V. i. [add.] To form or de- clare an intention or design. PROPOS'ED, jjp. [add.] Purposed. [Shah.] PROPRl'ETORSHIP, n. The state or right of a proprietor; state of being proprietor. PRO RA'TA, instead of PRO RATA. PROREO'TOR, n. An officer in a German university, who presides in the senate or academic court. PROREO'TORATE, n. The office of a prorector. PRO RE NA'TA, instead of PRO RE NATA. PRO'ROGATE, v. t. To prorogue; to put off. [Lord Brougham.] PROROGA'TION, n. [add.] A pro- longing or putting oif to another day. PROSA'IOAL, a. Same as Prosaic. PROSAICALLY, adv. In a dull or prosaic manner. PROSAISM, instead of PRO'SAISM. PROSA'IST, instead of PRO'SAIST. PROSE, n. [add.] In the Boman Ca- tholic church, a hymn introduced into the mass on certain festival-days. [See Sequence.] PROSE, a. (s as z.) Relating to, or con- sisting of prose; prosaic; not poetic. PROSECTOR, 71. [L. pro, before, and seco, to cut.] One w^ho prepares the subjects for anatomical lectures. PROSENCHYMA, ti. [Gr. t;«, and aj-XEa-. to pour in.] In hot., a term ap- plied to that form of parenchyma in plants, in which the cells taper to each end, and overlap each other. It is the first approach on the part of cellular tissue to woody fibre. PROSENGHYM'ATOUS, a. Pertain- ing to, or having the nature of ijrosen- chyma. PROSIL'IENCY, n. [L. prosilio.] Act of leaping forward. PROSIM'IA, n. A genus of cpiaJru- peds allied to the lemurs, from which they have been separated by Rrisson and Storr. PRO'SINESS, 71. Quality of being prosy or dull. PROS'ING, n. Dull and tedious minute- ness in speech or writing. PROS'ING, a. Dull; tiresome; prosaic. PRO-SLAVERY, a. In favour of slavery ; opposed to anli-slavery. PROSODl'AOAL, a. Of or relating to prosody. PROSODI'AGALLY, adv. In a proso diacal manner. PROSOPOPCE'IA, instead of PROS'- OPOP(EI.\. PROSPEO TIVE, n. The scene before or around us; a view seen at a distance. — Outlook; forecast; providence. [Bacon.] PROSS, n. Talk; conversation, rather of the gossiping kind. [Local.] PROS'TATE, a. [add.] Prostate con- cretions, calculi of the prostate gland. PROSTAT'lt;, a. Relating to the pros- tate gland ; as, the prostatic urethra, or that part of the urethra situated in the prostate gland. PRO TAN'TO, instead of PRO TANTO. PRO'TEANLY, adv. In the manner of Proteus. PROTECTION, n. [add.] An immu- nity granted by the crown to a certain person, to be free from suits at law for a certain time, and for some reasonable cause. It is a branch of the royal pre- rogative, but such protections are now rarelv, if ever, resorted to. PROTE€'TIONIST, n. One who fa- vours the protection of some branch of industry by legal enactments. PROTE€'TOR, n. [add.] Protector uf the settlement, the person appointed by the Fines and Recoveries Act, in sub- 321 stitution of the old tenant to the prm- cipe, whose concrn'rence in barring estates-tail in remainder is required in order to preserve, under certain modi- fications, the control of the tenant for life over the remainder man. PROTEO'TORATE, ,i. [add.] This term is applied j'articukn-lii to the go- vernment of England by Cromwell. In recent usa/je, the authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or dependent one. PROTEGE', instead of PRO'TEfiE, II. (pron. pro-te-zha.) PROTEGEE', n. (prote-zha'.) [Fr.] A female who is protected. PROTE'LES, H. The aard-wolf (earth- wolf) of the Cape of Good Hope (Protelcs Lntandi). It forms the con- necting link between the hyenas and V" vJ^i? ■^-^HS*' Aard wull, I'r^Ulcs /.utitiiUt civets, resembling the former in its general contour and manners, though of inferior size and strength, and hav- ing more of the lengthened head and pointed muzzle of the latter. It is very destructive to young lambs. PRO TEMPORE, instead of PRO TEAIPORE. PROTEST', V. t. [add.] To make a solemn declaration or atiirmation of; as, to protest one's innocence. — To de- clare ; to publish ; as, I will protest your cowardice. [Shah.] PROTESTAN'DO,n. [L.J In ?a«',apro- testation. [See Protestation, No. 3.] PROTESTA'TION, n. [add.] In taw, protestations are now abolished. PROT ESTATOR, instead of PRO- TESTA'TOR. PROTHALA'MION, n [Gr. ommeau.] Rounded ; as, pumy stones. PUN, V. t. To pound. Ue would ftioi thee into slivtrs with liis fist. Shak. PUND ("■ ■'^ pound. [Scotch.'] PUNCH, \a. Short; thick; fat. PUNCH'Y, S [Vuhjar.} PUNG'TA LACHKYMA'LIA, n.plur. [L. See PfNCTUM in this Supp.] In anat., two small orifices situated at the edges of the eyelids, just within their cibary margins, and towards the inner side of the eye. They are the exter- nal commencements of the lachrjmal ducts. PUNCTUATOR, n. One who punctu- ates: a punctuist. PUNt'TUM, H. plur. Puncta. [L.] A point. — .\pplied in anat. to several mi- nute objects. — Puncium saliens, the first appearance or rudiments of the heart in the embryo. —PwHC^/m caecum, in the eye that part of the surface of the re- tina which is immediately about the spot at which the optic nerve appears to be united to that membrane. It is not capable of receiving impressions from the rays of light coming from ex- ternal objccts,and therefore contributes nothing to the perception of vision. PUNG, n. A rude sort of sleigh or ob- long box, made of boards, and placed on runners; used in the United States for drawing loads on snow by horses, PUNGE.t n. A purse. PUN GENT, a. [add.] In Jiof., terminat- ing gradually in a hard sharp point, as the lobes of tlic holly-leaf. PUN'lCE.t".*. To punish. [Chaucer.] PUNK, n. [add.] In the L'nited Stales, rotten wood ; touchwood ; spunk. PUN'NET, II. A small but broad shal- low basket for displaying fruit or flowers. PUNNOL'OGY, 11. The art of punning. [Bare.] PCPE'LO, n. In New England, a name for eider-brandy. PCPIL.VRITY, n. [add.] Pupilage. PUP'IT ) POOP IT <"■ ^ pulpit. [Scotch.] PUPPET-PLAY, II. A play with pup- pets; a mock-driima. PUR, or PURR, i;. r. PUR, orPURK,!). i. PURCHAS.t Ji. [See Purchase.] Robbery ; plunder. [5peiiA't'r.] PURCHASE, V. t. [add.] Formerly a cant word for steal. To gain a mecha- nical advantage. — In nautical Ian., to raise or move heavy bodies by means of mechanical powers. PUR'CHASE-BLOCKS, n. In nautical Ian., such blocks as are used in moving very heavy weights. PUR'CHASER, n. [add.] Purchaser of a note or bill, the person to whom a promissory note or bill of exchange is indorsed, who then becomes the in- dorser or holder, and consequently the payee. PURE, a. [add.] Pure villenage, in feudal law, a tenure of lands by uncertaiu ser- vices at the will of the lord ; so that the tenant is bound to do whatever is commanded of him. It is opposed to privileged villenane. U24 PURED,+ pi>. Purified; cleansed. [Chaucer.] PUREE', II. [Fr.] Pease soup. PUREE', II. A yellow iiii;ment brought from the East in round lumps; it has a strong urinous smell, and little or no taste. Its exact composition is not known, but eleiihant's urine is said to be a chief ingredient. PUKFILED,t pp. or a. See Purfled. [Chaucer.] PDRG'ATIVELY, adv. Cleansingly; catharticallv. PURGATO RIAN, n. A believer in purgatory. PURGE, V. t. [add] To void; as, eyes purging amber. [Shah.] PURIFIfA'TOR, II. A purifier. PU'RIST, II. [add.] One who maintains that the New Testament was written in pure Greek. PURITANICALLY, adv. With the exact or rigid notions or manners of the Puritans. PURL, n. [add.] The plait or fold of a rutf or band. PURLIEU, n. [add.] Purlieu-men, in former times, those who had ground within the purlieu, or border of a forest, and being able to dispend forty shillings a-year freehold, were licensed to hunt within their own purlieus. PUR PLE, II. [add.] Purple ofmollusca, a viscid liquor secreted by certain shell- fish, as the Buccinum lapillus, and other species of shells, which dyes wool, &c., of a purple colour. PURPLE-TINGED, a. Tinged with purple. PUR'POS.t «• Purpose; design; pro- position in discourse. [Chaucer.] P U R ' P O S E, II. [add.] Discourse. [.Siiciwcr.] — Meaning; thought. [A7ia/i.] PUR'POSES.t n. plur. [Ste Purpose.] Discourses ; cross-purposes. [Spcriser.] PURPU'REAL, a. Purple; beautiful. PURR, 11. See Pf r. PURSE-BEARER, ii. One who carries the purse. PURSE'FUL, n. As much as a purse will hold." PURS'ER'S STEAVARD, n. In the nav!/, a kind of deputy-pm-ser, who de- livers and keeps an account of stores expended or received. PURSE'-TAKING, n. The act of stealing a purse ; robbing. PURS'INESS. Misplaced: see after Pursuivant. PURSL.A.NE-TREE, n. A popular name of Portulacaria afra, called also tree-purslane, a fleshy shrub with many small, opposite, tleshy, rounded leaves. It is a native of Africa. PURSU'ANT, adv. Confoniiably ; in consequence of. [5ic(/V.] PURSU'ANTLY, adv. Agreeably ; con- formably. PU'RULENTLY, adv. In a purulent manner. PURVEY'ANCE, n. [add.j Foresight; providence. [Chaucer.] PURVEYE,t V. t. To purvey; to fore- see ; to provide. [Chaucer.] PU'SANE, 11. In ancient armour, the gorget, or a substitute for it. PUSHINGLY, adv. In a vigorous, driving manner. PUS'TULATED, ?)p. [add.] In bol. [See Pustulate.] PUS'TULE, II. [add.] Malignant pus- tule, a form of mortification generally believed to originate in horned cattle, and to be communicated from them to man. PUT, V. t. [add.] To put on airs, to as- QUACKLED QUADRELLE QUADRELLE sum e airs of importance. — To put ow, to instigate ; to incite. \_Shak.^ PUT, V. t. or i. To throw a heavy stone above-hand, or with the hand raised over the head; to push; to thrust. \ Scotch.] PUT, n. The act of throwing a stone above-hand; a thrust; a push; meta- phoricnlhf, an attempt. rUT'CHOCK, «. See PuTcnuK. PU*TEUIE,t n. [Fr.] Harlotry ; whore- dom. [Chaucer.'] PUT ON, V. i. To dress one's self. PUT ON, 2)/j. Clothed.— TFe// put on, well-dressed. — 111 put on, ill-dressed. [Scotch.] PU'TOURS,f n.plur. 'Whoremongers. [Chaucer.] POTREFAC'TIVENESS, n. State of beinj: putrefactive. PU'TKID, a. [add.] Crumbling; dusty. I'iit cruniblini earth is fitter for tlie plough, fuiriil aud loose above, and black beloiv, Drydiut. PUTRID FEVER, n. Typhus or spotted fever. POTRIFAC'TION, n. See Putrefac- tion. PU'TRILAGE, n. Animal matters which are partly decomposed. PUT'TED, pp. Tin-own above-hand, as a heavy stone. [Scotch.] PUTTING, ii. In Scotland, an ancient sport, or gymnastic exercise, consisting in throwing a heavy stone above-lnnd. This sport is now retained chiefly among the Highlanders, and is the source of much emulation among young men, he who is able to throw the stone farthest being declared the victor. PUT'TING ON, n. Incitement. [Shah.] PiJT'TOCK, n. [add.] This is also the local name of the common buzzard {Buteo vuhjaris). PUTTY, u, (. To cement with putty; to fill uj) with putty. PUT'TVEYE, n. A name given by pigeon-fanciere to the eyes of pigeons which have a thick orbit of a tleshy character. PU'TUKE, n. [Etymology uncertain.] A custom claimed by keepers in forests, and sometimes by bailiffs of hundreds, to take man's-meat, horse-meat, and dog's-meat of the tenants and inliabi- tants within the perambulation of the forest, hundred, &c. The land sub- ject to this custom is called terra put lira. PUZ'ZEL, n. A dirty drab. [Shan^ PY'AT * PY'OT * "■ ^ "lagpie. [Scotch.] PYCNOG'ONUM, n. [Gr. ^v^m, thick, and yoKjf, offspring, race.] A genus of crustaceans belonging to the group Podosomata, and forming, as it were, a connecting link with the arachnida or spiders. They are said to live chiefly on Uie animals of bivalve shells, and on minute insects and worms. P. littorale is not uncommon on our coasts. \ii. [add.] Aquadruped, , ) probably a species of PY'GARG, PYGARGUa antelope or gazelle. [Deut. xiv. 5.] PYG'MY, a. Dwarfish. [See Pvg- MEAN.] PY'INE, n. [Gr. jivov, pus.] A peculiar matter, besides albumen, found by Gueterbock, in solution in pus. The same matter is contained in mucus. PYK, ) V. t. To make bare; to pick. PHvE,) [Scotch.] PYK'ET, ( pp. Made bare; picked. PIK'ET, > [Scotch.] PY'ONINGS.t n.plur. [5ee Pioneeb.] "Works of pioneers; military works raised by pioneers. [Spenser.] PYR, \ [add.] "SVords compounded PYRO. ) with this prefix denote the pre- sence of fire, heat, fever, or some change produced by the action of fire. PYRAC'IDS, n. See Ptro-Acids, but Pyracids is the preferable form of the word. PYRAL'ID^, n. A family of nocturnal I^pidoptera, remarkable for their long legs, and aquatic habits. Many of the species are gay-coloured, and fly in the day-time. PYRA'LIS, n. A genus of nocturnal lepidoptera, the type of the family Pyralidfe. PYR'AME, n. A small water-spaniel. PYR'AMID, n. [add.] In anat., a coni- cal bony eminence, situated on the posterior wall of the tympanum, imme- diately behind the oval aperture [fenes- tra ovalis) of the ear. PYRAM'IDAL, a. [add.] Relating to the pyramids. — Pyramidal muscle, a muscle in tlie front of the belly, so named from its shape. It arises from the puhe.s, and assists the rectus. PYRAM'IDAL BELL-FLOWER, in- stead of PYR A MI'DAL BELL- FLOWER. PYRAM'lDALLY,orfu. In the form of a pyramid. PYK'ENE, n. A crystalline solid sub- stance found accompanying chrysene, among the last portions of the rectifi- cation of coal-tar. PYRENE'lTE, instead of PYR'ENITE. PYRETHUINE, n. The active prin- ciple of the root of the Pyrethrum offi.- cinale, or pellitory of Spain, the An- themis Pi/rethrum of Linn. PYRE'TllRUM, lu [add.] Pyrethrum officinale is the pellitory of Spain, placed by Linn, in the genus Anthemis. [See PELtiTOUY.] PYR'IFOKM, a. _ [add.] Pyriform muscle, a muscle arising from tlie Iiol- low of tlie sacrum, and inserted into the cavity at the root of the trochanter major. It moves the thigh. VYllO. SeeV six'xn Diet. tini\\ui\usSupp. PYROACET'IC SPUilT, n. [add.] This compound is now generally called acetone. PYROCIT'Rie ACID, n. An acid ob- tained by distilling citric acid. PYRODlfilTALI'NA, n. Empyreu- matic oil of foxglove, obtained by destructive distillation of the dried leaves. PYR'OOEN, n. [Gr. a-t.^, fire, and ^om^, to produce or generate.] A name pro- posed by Mr. Lake for the electric fluid, from a belief of its materiality and ex- istence as a chemical body. PYROLA'CE^, n, A nat. order of di- cotyledonous plants, of which the genus Pyrola is the type. The species are herbaceous plants, with leaves either wanting or simple, entire or toothed; flowers monopetalous, stamens hypo- gvnous, ovary superior. PYROLU^SlTE, H. [Gr. ^yj. fire, and Ayaj, to wash.] A black ore of mangan- ese, occurring crystallized and massive in Devonshire, AVarwiclcshire, Thur- ingia, Brazil, and other places. It is the binoxide or peroxide of manganese, and is used to discharge the brown and green tints in glass. P YROMET'RIC, \ a. Pertaining to PYROMET'UICAL,) the pyrometer, or to its use. PYROPHOR'ie, a. Same as Pvro- PHOROUS. PYROPNEUMAT'IC LAMP, n. A kind of lamp for producing instantane- ous light, by the action of inflammable air upon a metallic substance. PYRORACEM'ATE, n. A salt formed by the union of pyroracemic acid witli PYRORACEM'IC ACID, n. One of the products of the distillation of tar- taric and racemic acids. It is also called U(piid pvrotartaric acid. PYROTEt;H NIAN, \n. A pyro- PYROTECHNU'CIAN, f technist. PYROTH'ONIDE, h. [Gr. ^u^, fire, and oQoivi, linen.] A liquid prepared by dis- tilling rags, and then termed rag-oil, but conmionly procured by burning a cone of paper on a plate, and then termed paper-oil. It is a popular remedy for toothache. PYROX'YLINE,) n. [Gr. T^j.fire, and PYROX'YLE, i lvX6v, wood.] A term embracing Kun-cutton, and all other explosive substances, obtained by immersing vegetable fibre in nitric or nitro -sulphuric acid, and then suffering it to dry. PYRULl'NTE, n. [L. pyrum, a pear.] Pear-shells, a subfamily of tlie Tur- binellidie or turnip-shells, characterized by the shortness of the spire, tlie smooth- ness and convexity of the pillar, and the moderate length of the canal. Typical genus Pyrula. PYTHAGOUE AN, instead of PY- THAGO'REAN, n. PYTHAGOUE'AN, instead of PY- THAGO'REAN, a. PYTHAGORE'ANISM, n. Same as PrTIIAGORISM. PYTH'ONISM, n. The art of foretell- ing future events by means of sorcery. a. QUACK, n. [add.] The cry of a duck. QUACK'LE, I', t. or i. To interrupt in breathing; to almost clioke; to suffo- cate. \ P7-ovincial.] QUACK'LED, pp. Almost choked. [Prvvincial.] QUADE.t n. See Quad. [Chaum.] QUADHANGULAULY, adv. With four sides and four angles; in the form of a quadrangle. QVADKELI.ii, n. [Fr.] An iron mace with a head of four projections, carried 325 at the saddle-bow, in the 15th century. The figure represents a quadrelle of tlie time of Edward IV. QUANTITY QUASI ENTAIL QUEINTISE QU^DRIEN'NIAL, a. See Quadren- nial. QUADIIIEN'NIALLY, adv. See QUADREXNIALLV. QUADIUFA'KIOUS, a. [L. quadra, and fero.] Arranged in four rows or ranks. QUAD'RIFOIL, a. Same as Quadiu- FOLIATE. QUAD UIFUK€ATED, a. [L. quadra, and furca, a fork.] llavinj^ four forks. QUADRIJ UGOUS, QUADKIJ'UG- ATE, instead of QUADKIJU GOUS, QUADKIJU'GATE, a. QUADRILLE', u. i. To play at quad- rille. QUADRIPEN'NATE, a. [L. quadra, and jientia, a winj;;.] Having four wings. QUjES'TA, 71. [From L. qu^stus, profit, gain, advantage.] In the middle ages, an indulgence or remission of penance granted by the pope, and exposed to sale. QU.ES'TUS, H. In law. [See Questus.] QUAG, 71. A shaking wet soil ; a quag- mire. QUAICH, I n. [Gael, cuach, a cup or QUEGII, > bowl.] A small and shal- low drinking cup with two eai'S.[.Sfo/c/(.] QUAlLE,t V. t. {See Quail.] To sub- due. \Spenser.\ QUAINT, a. [add.] Disdainful; shy. [Spenser. \ QUAINT'LY, adv. [add.] Oddly; fan- cifully ; singularly. QUAlRE,f ji. A quire of paper; a book. \Cha\icer.] QUAKERISH, a. Relating to, or re- sernbling Quakers. QUAlvE'-TAIL, n. The yellow wag- tails are so named from their habit of constantly moving their tails. QUA KINGLY, adv. Tremblingly. QUAKKE,f «. [See Quake. j A shak- ing; the ague. [Chaucer.'] QUAL'IFICATOU, n. In Roman Ca- tholic ecclesiastical courts, an officer whose business it is to examine and prepare causes for trial. QUALIFIED OATH, n. In lau% a cir- cumstantial oath. QUAL'IFY, V. i. [add.] To swear to dis- charge the duties of an office ; and hence, to make oath to any fact; as, I am ready to qualify to what I have as- serted. [American.'] QUAL'ITY, n. [add.] Ability; qualifi- cations. [Shall. \ — Quality of estate, in laic, the manner in which the enjoy- ment of an estate is to be exercised during the time which the right of en- joyment continues. Thus, a man may enjoy an estate solely, or in joint ten- ancy, QUALME,t n. (quam.) [See Qualm.] Sickness; the noise made bv a raven. QUAM'DIU SE BE'NE GES'SEKIT, instead of QUAMDIU SE BENE GESSERIT. |add.] A clause frequent in letters-patent, or grants of otlices, to secure them so long as the person to whom they are granted shall not be guiltv of abusing the same. QUANDA'KY, instead of QUAN'- DAKY, H. QUANDARY, instead of QUAN'- DARY,t r. t. QUAN TITY, w. [add.] QuantiH; of estate, in lau; the time during whicli the right of enjoyment of an estate continues. — Qunntitu and tantiiy, terms employed by iMr. JMill in his Elements of the Human Mind, as correlative; or as he term. ; to note. [Shah ] QUOT ED, lip. [add.] Oiiserved; noted. |S/i«'(.| QUO AVARRAN'TO, instead of QUO WARRANTO. Q. V. An abbreviation of quantum vis, as much as you will. — .Also, an abbre- viation of quod vide, which see. 8h E. RACK. KAFTEU KAKELNESS I>A,+ n. [Sax. raa.J A roebuck. [Chau- cer.] R.V.\SCH, n. .A6sh. [See Thdsdeb- FisH in this Supp.] EAB'BIT-FISH, n. A local name in Shetland for the northern chimasra, or king of the herrings, Chimtera mon- slrosa. KABBITRY, n. A place for rabbits; a rabbit-warren. KAB'BIT-WAll'REX, n. A piece of ground appropriated to the preservation and breeding of rabbits. RAB'BLE-KOUT, n. A tumultuous assembly. RABDOIDAL, a. [Gr. f'«4?».-, a rod, and iiStf,-, resemblance.] Kod-like. — In anaf., a term formerly applied to the sagittal suture. RAB IDLY, ado. iladly; furiously. R.A.'BIES, n. [add.] Gladness occurring after the bite of a rabid animal, as a dog or cat. RAB LEJIEXT,! n. Sec Rabbi,emest. [Spenser.] RACE, n. [add.] Nature: natural dispo- sition. [SAaA] — In weaving. [See Lay-Race in this Supp.] — The races of man are different varieties or forms of one species, which are capable of fruitful union, and are propagated by generation. Blumenbach distinguishes five different races of men, viz. : (1.) The Caucasian race, including the Europeans, with the exception of the Laplanders and Finns ; the inhabitants of Eastern and Western Asia, Wes- tern .Africa, the Ganges, and borders of the Caspian Sea. (2.) The Mon- goiian race, whicli comprises all the Asiatics e.vcept those of the Cauca- sian variety, and tlie Malays ; the Laplanders and Finns, the most north- ern Americans, the Esquimaux, and the Greenlanders. (3.) The America;! race, comprising all the Americans, excepting those included in the preced- ing variety. (4.) Tlie Ethiopian race, which includes all the Africans, ex- cepting those of the Caucasian variety ; viz., the African negroes, and tlie In- dians of New Holland and the Indian Archipelago, (j.) The Malau race, including the brown islanders of the South Sea, the inhabitants of the Sunda Isles, the Moluccas, the Philippine, and Marianne Isles, and the true Malays of Malacca. [See Ma.v in Vict, and in this .*>upp.\ RaCE'-COURSE, n. The ground or path on which races are run. — Also, the canal along which water is con- veyed to and from a water-wheel. RACE -GROUND, n. Ground appro- priated to races. RAC EME, instead of RACEME, 7i. RACE.MED.insteadofKACEMED.fl. R-A-CHIALOJIA, n. [Gr. Ux>;. the spine, and «;>s,-, p.iin.J Spine-ache, a designation of painter's colic, from the pains itriliing through the back. RA'CIXE,tn. [Fr.l Aroot. [Chmicer.] EA'CIXESS, H. [add.] A kind of tait- ness ; as, raciness of stvle. RACK, c. t. [add.] To heighten; to exaggerate. [.SAaA J RACiv, V. i. To amble, but with a thicker and shorter tread than in ordi- nary ambling, as a horse. R ACK'ER, n. [add.] One that harasses by exactions; as, a racher of tenants. [Swift.] RACKET, H. [add.] 7?acArf, signifying a snow-shoe, is an American term. R.\CK'ET, n. A smart stroke; a dis- turbance; an uproar. [Sco/cft.] RACK'ING, ji. In marine tan., spun yarn, or material of any kind used to rack or splice the two ends of a rope together. RACIi'-RENT, n. [add.] Rent raised to the uttermost. RACK -VINTA6E, n. Wines drawn from the lees. E.\D,t \pret. of liede. Advised ; RADDE.t ( explained. [Chaucer.] RADE, pp. Rode. [Scotch.] R.-VDEVORE.t n. [Etym. uncertain.] Tapestrv. [Chaucer.] RA'DIARY, n. One of the radiata. [■See R.VDIATA.] RA'DI.ATE, I', i. [add.] To issue and proceed in direct lines from a point or surface, as heat. RA'DI.iTE, r. t. [add] To emit or send out in direct lines from a point or sur- face, as heat. RADI.V TION, n. [add] Innatural phi- losophi/, whatever sends forth emissions in ail directions in the form of radii is said to radiate ; and hence we have ra- diation, not only of heat and of light, but also of sound. RA'DIATOR, n. He or that which radiates ; a body or substance from which rays emanate or radiate. R.\ DIX, n. [add.] In io^,the root of a plant. [See Root.]— In anat., a term applied to some parts which are in- serted into others, or spring from them, as a root from the earth ; as the fangs, the origin of some of the nerves, &c. — In the Materia Medica, the term radix is employed to designate the roots of medicinal plants, or certain prepara- tions from them. — A radii, among the otd astronomers. [See Root in this Supp.] RAES, n. plur. Roes. [Scotch.] R.\FF, n. A person of worthless cha- racter. [.ScofcA.] [See Rifk-Raff.] RAFLES.t n.plur. Plays with dice. [See Raffle.] [Chaucer] R.\FT, n. (add ] In the United Staler, this term is applied to a large collection of timber and fallen trees, which, float- ing down the great rivers of the West, are arrested in their downward course by flats or shallows, where they accu- mulate, and sometimes block up the river for miles. RXFT-CUAIXS, n. Chains for secur- ing raffs. RXFT-DOG. )n. A broad, flat RAFT ING-DOG, / piece of iron.with a sharp point. It is driven into the logs of which rafts are composed, and at its other end is an eye, through which the raft-chains are rove. RXFTE.t pp. of lieve. Bereft; de- prived. [.Sije/wer.] RAFTE,t pret. of Reve. Took away. [Chaucer.] R.\FT'ER, 1-. t. To form into rafters.— In agric, to ploiigh up one-half of the land, by turning the grass-side of the ploughed furrow on the land that is left unploughed. 328 RAG, V. t. [Qu. from the root of rage.] To scold ; to rail. [Local.] RA'6EKIE,t n. See Ragebt. [CAoa- ccr] R-\G'GED, a. [add.] Broken ; discor- dant ; contemptible. [5AaA.] R-iG GED SCHOOLS, n. Schools for the lower class of children, in which they are educated, partially fed, and taught some useful profession. They are supported by public contribution. They are also called industrial schools, — which see in this Supp. R-AG'GLE, c. t. Technically, to notch or groove irregularlv. KAGOL'X'CES,t ". plur. The precious stones called jacinths, or hyacinths. [Chaucer.] RAG-TURKSOLE, n. Linen impreg- nated with the blue dye obtained from the juice of Crozophora tinctoria, or Croton tinctoria. R.\ID, n. [From ride.] A hostile or pre- datory incursion ; an invasion ; an at- tack by violence ; an inroad. [Scotch. \ RAIL, n. [add.] Forecastle-rail, in ships, the rail across the after-part of the forecastle-deck. — Poop-rail, the rail across the forepart of the quarter-deck. — Top-rail, a rail across the after-part of each of a ship's tops. RAIL, i: t. [add.] To rail it, to travel by railway. [American.] R.ilL'-CAR, n. A railway -carriage. [American.] RaIL'ING, n. [add.] Rails in general, or the materials for rails. KAIL W.iY-SLLDE, n. A turn-table, — which see. RAIN'-BLRD, n. In the IVesI Indies, this name is applied to two or more curious birds of the cuckoo family. One of these is the Cuculu.< vetula of Linmeus, a species which feeds on large caterpillars, locusts, spiders, mice, and lizards. It is the type of the genus Saurothera of modern naturalists, a name which means lizard-hunter. RAIN BOW-WORM, «. A species of tetter, the Herpes iris of Bateman. R.\lXE,t n. Reign. [6>cnj>rr.] RAIP, h. jV rope; a rood, or six ells in length. [Scotch] R.VIR, c. i. To roar. [.Scotch.] R.\IR, n. A roar; an outcry. [5co^'A.] RaIRED, pp. Roared. [Scotch.] R-ilS'.ABLE, a. That may be raised or produced. R.\ISE, pret. from Hise. Rose ; arose. [Scotch] RAISE, i\ t. [add.] To raise one's bristles, to excite one's auger. ILom. | RAISONNE, a. (ra-zo-ua'.) [Fr.] Ra- tional ; accurate ; supported by rea-son ; arranged and digested systematically; as, a catalogue raisonnc. RaKE, n. [add.] This instrument is used not only for collecting hay, straw, and other light substances which are spread over a large surface, but also in gardens, for breaking loose earth, and smoothing the surface. RAKE'HELL,t a. Base; dissolute; heedless : protiigate. [S/>e/wt;r.l R.\K'EI.,t a. [See Rake, and Reck- less.] Hasty ; rash ; reckless. [Chau- cer.] RAKELN"ESS,t n. Rashness; reck- lessness. [Chaucer.] RANKING RASKALL-JIANY RATIONAL RaKE'STALE, n. Tlie hanJle of a rnke. \ Local. \ RAKE'STELE,t n. [liahe, and Sax. stele. \ The handle of a rake. [ Chaucer. ] RAK'ET, 71. 5ee Racket. \_Chaucer.\ KAK'ING, n. [atkLJ The course of life of a rake or debauchee. KaKISH, a. [add.] In vessels, having a great rake, or backward inclination of the masts. KA'L'LIEK, n. One who rallies; one who exercises satirical merriment. RAM, n. In mcch., (1 .) Any heavy imple- ment employed in a manner similar to the ancient battei-ing-ram. (2.) The loose hammer of a pile-driving machine. tvAJi'AOE, n. [add.] Wild; untamed. [Chaucer.] KA'MA-YX'NA, n. The oldest of the two great epic Sanscrit poems, which describes the life and actions of the hero Rama, and his wife Sita. R.-\. MENT, I n. [L. ramenivm, a RAMEN'TUJI. ) chip, shaving, filing, &c.] In bot. [See Ramests.] RA MENTS, instead of UA.M ENTS. KA'MIST. I n. In philos., a follower RA'MEAN, i or disciple of Peter Ra- mus, professor of rhetoric and philoso- phy at Paris, in the reign of Henry 11. RAMP, V. i. [add.] To act wildly or extravagantly. [Shah.'] RAMPAGE', \v. i. To rage and R.\MPAUUE', ) storm; to prance about with fury. [Scotch.'\ RAMPAL'LION, n. A i'ude romp. [Scotch,'] RAMP'ANT, a. [add.] Lustful; sala- cious. \Poiie\ l!AMPE,t K. i. A'ccRamp. [Chaucer.] R.\.M'PIER, ». A rampart. UAM'PIRE,]- H. A rampart. RAM'ULOUS, a. [laving many small branches. KA'MUS, 77. [L. a branch of a tree.] In anat., a branch of an artery; as, the ramus anasfomoticus magnus^ a branch of the brachial artery. RAMUSXULE, n. [Uimin. of L. ramus, a branch.] In anat., a small branch, as those of the pia-mater. RAN.f l>ret. of Ixeime, to rend; to plunder. [Chaucer.] KAN,t 77. Force; violence; open rob- bery and rapine. RANCHE'RO, n. [Sp.] In Mexico, a farmer ; a herdsman ; a person who lives in a rancho. RAN'CHO, ?7. [Sp.] In Mexico, a farm- steading. RANCK,t) adv. [&eRASK.] Fiercely. RANICE,t ( [Spenser.] RAND LE-TUEE, n. See Rantle- Tree in this Supp. RAN'DON,t 77. Random. [Spenser.] RANGE, 77. [add.] An extended cooking apparatus of cast-iron, set in brick- \vork, and containing pots, oven, &c. RANGEMENT,!'!. Theactof ranging; arrangement. RANG'ER, »i. [add.] The name given to mounted troops armed with short mus- kets, who range the country around, and often fight on foot. RA'NID^, instead of RANID^. RA'NINE, a. Relating to a frog, or to frogs. RA'NINE ARTERY,;7. Thatportionof the lingual artery vvliich runs in a ser- pentine direction along the surface of the tongue to its tip. RANK, a. [add.] Full, as a river. [Shah.] RANKING, 77. The act of placing in ranks or lines ; the act of arranging, or of disposing in orders or classes. — Ilankinj of creditors, in Scotch law, the arrangement of the property of a debtor according to the claims of the creditors, in consequence of the nature of their respective .securities. RANK'LE, V. t. To make sore; to irri- tate; to inHanie. [Hume.] RAN 'N EN,f pret. pi. of Ilenne, to run. [Chaucer.] RANTIPOLE.t n. A rude, romping boy or girl. RANTLE-TREE, ) ii. The beam from RANDLE-TREE, } which the crookis RAUN LE-TREE, ) suspended, where there is no grate. — Also, a tree chosen with two bi'anclies, whicli are cut short, and left somewhat in the form of the letter Y, set close to, or built into, the gable of a cottage, to support one end of the roof-tree. [Scotch.] R.\N TREE, 77. The mountain-ash ; also called rowan-tree, and the fruit red- dens. [Scntrk.] RANUNeULA'CEOUS, a. Relating to the i-anunculus, or its allied genera. RANZ-DES-VXC'UES,(ranz-d.a-vash'.) [Fr.] Literallu, the round of the cows. The name of certain simple melodies of the Swiss mountaineers, commonly played on a long trumpet, called the Atpine horn. RAPE, 77. [add.] The defloration of a female of tender age. — liape of the \ forest, in law, trespass committed in the forest by violence. RAPE.-l- ado. [Suio-Goth. rapp, quick.] Quickly ; speedily. [Chaucer.] RAPE,t n. Haste. [Chaucer.] R.\PE,t V. t. [See Rap.] To take captive. — 7b rape and renne, to seize and plunder. [Chaucer.] R.\PE'-SEED OIL, 77. See Rape. RAPHA'NIA, »i. A disease attended withsi)asni of the joints, trembling, kc, said to arise from eating the seeds of Jiaphanusraphanl.sl rum, or field-radish. R.'VPHIDES, n. [add.] This term is also applied to con;;lomerate crystals found in the cells of plants. RAPID, 77. A swift current in a river, where the channel is descending; com- monly used in the plural. [.SeeliAPins ] RAPPAREES', 77. Worthless runagates. [Sir W. Scoit.] R.\PS, 77. plur. Raptures; transports. [.Shah] RAPS€AL'L10NS, 77. Rascals. [.Seulch.] 1( APTO RIAL, a. Rapacious; living by rapine or prey; as, raptorial bird^. [.See Raptores, Raptorious.] RAP TURE, n. [add.] A fit. [Skak.] RAP'TUROUSLY, ado. With rapture; ecstatically. R AS-AL GRATUA, »7. [Ar.] A star of the third magnitude in the northern constellation Hercules. RAS-ALIA'GUS, n. [Ar.] The princi- pal star in the northern constellation Serpentarius. RAS'CAL, »j. [add.] .\ young deer, lean and out of season. \Shah.\ HAS e.\L-LIlCE, a. Like a lean deer. [.Shah.] RASH.t 77. A species of inferior silk, or silk and stuff manufacture. RASHLY, adu. [add.] Inconsiderately; at a venture. [Spenser ] RA'SING-IROW,!7.Akindofcaulking- iron for clearing the pitch and oakum out of a vessel's seams, in order that they may be caulked afresh. RASKAlLE,t77. [I'r.racaille.] Apack of rascals. [Chaucer.] RAS'KALL-MANY.t >i. [See Rascal.] The rascal multitude; the low, mean part of the populace. [Spenser.] ■329 RAS'KALT,-ROUT,r 77. A mob of the lowest kind. [Spenser. | RASKOL'INKS, 77. [Rus.s. rasholo, a division.] The name of the largest and most important body of dissenters from the Greek church in the Russian domi- nions. RASO'RIAL, a. Pertaining to the rasores. [See Rasores.] RASP BERRY-BUSH, 77. The bramble producing raspberries. RaSTABER, 77. [Ar.] A star of the third magnitude in the northern con- stellation Draco. RAT, 77. [add. ! Among workmen, a man wdio works under price. RATABIL'ITY, 77. Quality of being ratable. RATAN', 77. [add.] .\ small cane or walking-stick made of 7'n/a77. — Toratari is to cane or thrash one with a ratan. RATE, V. t. [add. 1 To set a certain value on ; to value at a certain price or de- gree of excellence; to take the rate of; as, to rate a chronometer, that is, to a5ce"'ain the exact 7-a/e of its gain or loss, as compared with true time, for the sake of making a due allowance or computation dependent thereon. R.\TE, 77. [add.] Manner in which any- thing is done. [5/)e775er.] R.\"rEL, 77. A carnivorous quadruped. [See Ratellus in this Supp.] R.VTEL'LIIS, 77. The ratel, a genus of carnivorous quadrupeds of the weasel family, natives of India and the Cape of Good Hope. The Ii. mcllimrus of Honey-rate!, R^itelllu meUioorUi. the Cape is celebrated for the destruc- tion it makes among the nests of the wild bee. to the honey of which it is very partial. RATE'-TITHE, 77. Tithe paid for sheep or other cattle, which ai-e kept in a parish for less time than a ye:ir; in which case the owner must pay tithe for them ;77'o rata, according to the custom of the place. RATIIE,t adv. [See Rath.] Soon; early; speedily. [Chaucer.] RATH'ER t a. compar. cf adj. liatlie or nath. Former; earlier; sooner. [C'/7a7(ce7'.] UATU'ER-LAMBS,+ 77. The earlier lambs; lambs brought forth early m the year. [Spenser.] RATH'EST,t adv. superl. Soonest. [Chaucer.] RATIHABI"TION, ] 77. In law, con- RATIHABI'TIO, i firmation ; ap- probation ; consent. RA'TIO, 77. [.add.] In laiv, an account; a cause, or the giving of judgment tiierein— £'.;(iV777e and mean ratio. [See E.i:treme and mean proportion under Extreme. I— t'o777i>os777077 of ra- tios, the uniting of two or more simple ratios into one, by taking the product of the antecedents and the product of the consequents. [See Compound ra- tio under Compound.] RA"T10NAL, instead of RATION- AL, a. Pron. rash'-un-al. KAVINE RE-ACTIOX KE.\iLICn n.\"TIOXAL, instead of RA'TION- AL.n. EATIOXA'LE, instead of IIATION- A'LE. KA' TIONALISM, instead of RA'- TIONALISM. RA'TIONALIST, instead of RA'- TIONALIST. RA'TIO.NALIST, a. Relating tj ra- tionalism. RATIONALISTIC, {a. Relating RATIONALIS TICAL, ) to, or ac- cordant with rationalism. RA'TIONALIS TieALLT, adv. In a rationalistic manner. E A T 1 X A L ' I X Y, instead of R.i- TIONAL'ITY. R.i'TIONALIZE, instead of RA'- TIONALIZE. E.i'TlOXALLY, instead of RA'- TIONALLY. R.A. TIONALNESS, instead of RA'- TIONALNESS. R.iT'OUNS.t " Plur. [Fr. raton; Scotch, rattan.] Rats. [Chaucer.] R.\T'S'-T.\IL, 71. A disease in horses, in which the hair of the tail is perma- nently lost. EAT-TAILED LARVA, n. The grub of a common dipterous insect, the Eris- talis tenax. So tenacious of life is it, that it is said the pressure of a paper- m.aker's press will scarcely destroy it. The grub is common in privies; t!ie fly is somewhat like a bee. R.VT TAN, -) R.A.TTEN, ( . , re , 11 R\T'TO\ f '• -^ *^^- l^coccti.] ROT'TON,'j RATTING, jjpr. [From rat.] Desert- ing one's former party and going over to the opposite. RAT TING, n. The act of deserting one's former party and going over to the opposite. RAT TLE-BK.\INED, a. Giddv; wild. RATTLESNAIiE, n. [.,dd.] 'Besides the Crotalus hnrridus, there is the C. rfwrniKs, or striped rattle-snake; the C. dryinus, or wood rattle snake; and the C. MiHarius, or ground rattle-snake. All these sjiecies inhabit America. RATTLING,! "• [From rath, a hill.] A ratline. RAUGUT.t pp. of Iteach. Reached; taken auay. [.SAaA.J RAUGHT,t;"rf. or/ip.of Sax. raecan. (rant.) [See Reach.] Reached.— On his way he rauyhl, he sprang forth oa his ■way. [Chaucer.] RAUGHT,t vret. of Rchhe or Rech. (rant.) Cared ; recked. [Chaucer.] RAUN SON.fn. [Fr. ranqon.] Ransom. [Chaucer.] RaVE, pret. of the verb To Hive. Did rive or tear ; tore. [Scotch.] RAVELLED, pp. or a. Entangled; confused. — .1 ravelled hesp, a trouble- some or intricate business. [Scotch.] RA'VEN, a. Like a raven ; black; as, raven locks. RAV'ENERS, n. Birds of prey, as the owl, kite, hank, and vulture. [See Raptokes.] RAVENERS.t ) n.P?«r. [SfC Raves.] RAVlNOURS,tJ Plunderers. [CTiau- cer.] RAVEN'SARA, «. A kind of spicy nut, with a hot-tasted kernel, grown in India.— 2. A name given to the bark of the clove-cinnamon tree, found in the Brazils and JIadagascar. RAVIN, V. t. To devour greedily; to glut with prey. [Shah.] RAV'INE.t n. [Fr.j Rapine [Chaucer.] prey. R.iV'ISABLE,t a. [Fr.] Ravenous. [tyitaucer.] K.W'ISlllNG, i>pr. or a. [add.] Rapid. [Chaucer.] RAW-BONED, a. [add.] Havingstrong or coarse bones ; as, young, lusty, rair- boned fellows. [Addison ] R.4.W-FORT, 71. A port-hole in small vessels for working an oar in a calm. R.\X'1NG, ^y.j-. Reaching; stretching. [Scotch.] RAY, n. [add] In ancient costume, the stripe on a garment. R.4Y,f 71. [Sax. icregan, to cover, to cloak.] A rogue. RA'TAIl, {71. ii(fra%,aflockorherd. RA lA, ) A name given by the Ot- toman Porte to those of his subjects who are not Slussulmen. Arabic writers employ it to designate the po- pulation of a state, without distinction of religion. R.-VY'ED, a. [add.] Covered with mire ; sullied. — Streaked or striped. [Chau- cer.] RAYLE.t V. i. To rail; to utter re- proaches. [5jien«c.] RAYLE.t i". i. To gush ; to flow [See Raile.] [Spenicr.] RAY'L'ING,t ppr. Running down. — Ratjling teares, teais trickling down. \Spe7iser.] R.\YNE,t ». Empire; realm; region; rei-;n. [.Si>cn«r.] RA Y'ONS,t n. plur [Fr. ranon.] Beams or rays. [5y'e/Lscr.] RAZED, pp. or a. [add.] Slashed ; as, razed shoes. [6'AaA.] RAZEE', V. t. To cut down or reduce to a lower class, as a ship. R.4ZKED',j>p. Cut down to an inferior class^ R.iZEE'ING, i'i>r. Cutting down to an inferior class, as a ship-of-war. RAZOR-B.\CK, )nOne RAZORBACKED WHALE, f of the largest species of the whale tribe, the Balw77opiera physalis, inhabiting the Northern seas. It is sometimes found above ninety feet long, and thirty-tive feet in circumference. It is a species seldom struck by the whaler, as it fur- nishes but little blubber compared with the right rchale, and is besides dange - rous, from its extreme activity and quickness. RA ZOR-HANDLE, u. A species of solen is so called on the coast of the United States, from the long bivalve shell resembling the handle of a razor. R A'ZOR-STROP, h. A strop for sharp- ening razors ; n ritten also razor -strap. REACH, H. [add.] In 7iaul. Ian., a vessel is said to be on a reach, when she is sailing by the wind upon any tack. REACH ABLE, <;. That may be reached. REACH ING, ppr. [add.] Among sea- men, standing otf and on. REACH'ING-POST, ii. A post used in rope-making, fixed in the ground at the lower end of a rope-walk. REACHLESS, a. That cannot be reached. RE ACT', V. i. [add.] To act mutually or reciprocally upon each other, as two or more chemical agents. RE-ACTING, ppr. [add.] Acting mu- tually or reciprocally. RE-ACTION, n. [idd.] In clie7n., the mutual or reciprocal action of che- mical agents upon each other. — In patho., the action of an organ which reflects upon another the irritation pre- viously transmitted to itself; a vital phenomenon, arising from the applica- 330 tion of an external influence ; the in- fluence producing it is called irritation, and the cause of the irritation is termed the sti7nutus or i7-rita7it. — Also, the in- creased impetus which succeeds as- phvxia or torpor. &c. RE-AC'TIONARY, a. Implying re-ac- tion. RE.\D, n. [add.] Inscription. [Spenser.] READ, V. t. [add.] To discover. [.sViaA.J READ, v. 1. [add.] To appear in reading; as, the passage reads thus in the early manuscripts. R E - A D D R E S S', c. (. To address or direct again. READ ER, .!. [add.] At the unicersit;/ of Oxford, one who reads lectures ou scientific subjects. RE.iD'ERS, n. In the inns of court, for- merly two individuals chosen annually by the be7ichers, from their own body, whose duty it was to read openly to the society in their public hall, at least twice in the year. On these occasions the reader selected some statute which he made the subject of formal examina- tion and discussion. He first recited the doubts and questions which had arisen, or which might by possibility a] ise, upon the several clauses of the statute ; and then briefly declared his own judgment upon them. The various questions thus stated were then debated by the Mi7er barristers present, after which the judges and Serjeants pro- nounced their opinions separately upon the points that had been raised. Such exercises were termed readi!7gs, and were often pul>lished. READ EKSHIP, :i. add.] At the uni- ve7'siti/ of Oxford, the office of a reader or lecturer on scientiiic subjects. RE.iD'ING, a. Addicted to reading; as, a I'eading community. — .\. reading man, in the Eiiglish universities, is a hard student, or one who is entirely devoted to his collegiate studies. READING-DESK, 77. A desk at which reading is performed. Readings, n. See Readebs in this Supp. KE'AL, a. Real action, [add.] An action brought for the specific recovery of lands, tenements, and hereditaments. There are only three extant, viz., doicer, djtcer U7ide m"Ai7 habet, and quare im- pedit. — Real estate, landed property, in- cluding all estates and interest in lands which are held for life or for some greater estate, and whether such lands be of freehold or copyhold tenure. — Real laivs, laws which directly and in- directly regulate property, and the rights of property, without intermeddling with or changing the state of the per- son. — Real right, instead of the words "in Scots laic,"' read in late. — Real things, things substantial and immov- able, and the rights and profits annexed to or issuing out of them. — Real icar- ra/tdice. [See Wakbaxoicc.J RE'AL,t a. [It. reale.] Royal [Chau- cer.] REAL DEFINITION, k. In logic. [See Defisitiox.] R£-\LIST'1C a. Pertaining to, or cha- racteristic of the realists; relating to realism. RE'ALIZE, V. t. [add.] To make certain or substantia! ; to gain ; as, to realize profit. RE'ALIZEi;, n. One who realizes. RE'ALLEK, f a. C07np. More royaL [Chaiicer.] RE'ALLlCII.t adv. Royally. [Chau- cer.] KEBECCA RECHARTER RECOINER RE-ALHE',t V. f. for Rally. To get in order. [N/»e;(,«(';'.] RE'ALNESS, n. The quality of being real. KEALTEE.t ". Rovalty. [Chaucer.] RE'AI.TY, ?i. [add. J Royalty. [Milton.] REA]ME,f «. for Realm. [Spenser.] RE-AN'S\VKK, t'. t. To answer again; to correspond to ; to be equivalent to. [ShaL] REAPING-MAeillNE, n. [add.] Since the Great Exhibition in 1851, at which reaping-machines were shown from the United States, all of them modelled after that of tlie Rev. Mr. Bell, ma- chines of various construction, suitable for reaping, have been extensively in- troduced, and used with great success. REAR, a. [add.] llinderniost; last; as, the rear rank ; rear guard. REAR, V. I. [add,] To assume an erect posture; as, in tlie pathway rears the speckled snake. [Gai/.] REAR, V. f. [add.] Tu render more acute in sound; as, to rear the voice. [Pope.] REAR'ER, n. One who rears. REAR'-FUUNT, n. \n mililary aSairs^ a company or body of men when faced about, and standing in that position. REARXY, adv. Early, REA'SON, V. [add.] All the intellectual powers collectively; the premiss or premises of an argument, especially the minor premiss ; and it is from reason in this latter sense that the word reason- ing is derived. REA'SON, n, for Phoportion, Ratio. [Spenser.] REA'SON, V, t. [add.] To support with arguments; to plead for; as, to reason a petition. [Shah.] REA'SONABLE, a. [add.] Reasonable aid, a duty claimed by the lord of the fee of his tenants, holding by kniglit- service, to marry his daughter, tS:c. — Reasonable cause, in laiv, a proper con- sideration. REA'SONED, pp. [add.] Discoursed. [Shah.] REA'SONING, ppr. [add.] Ileasoning in a circle, in logic, a fallacious mode of reasoning, in wiiich the truth of a proposition is asserted by adducing tlie conclusion. [See Circle, No. 7.] REA'SONIST,t n. A follower of rea- son; a rationalist. RE- ASSUR'ANCE,7(. [add.] Assurance or confirmation reiieated. RE-ATTAC11'MENT,H. [add.] In law, a second attacinnent of liim who was formerly attached and dismissed the court without day, by tlie not coming of the justices, or some such casualty. REAUiMU'RlA, n. A genus of shrubby plants, nat. order Reaumuriacea?. Ji. vermiculata is a native of Sicily and Egypt, and is used at Alexandria as a cure for the itch. REAU.MIIRIA'CE.T3, n. A small nat. order of exogenous plants, too closely allied to the Ilypericaceae, the species of which are small shrubs, with Hesliy sealedike leaves, overspread by resinous sunk glands. They are natives of the Mediterranean, and the milder parts of northern Asia. REAVING,! "■ Op^n violent thieving. KEBEC-GA,n. A gate-breaker or riotous person ; a title given to the leader of an anti-turnpike conspiracy which was commenced in Wales, in 1839, by break- ing down the turnpike-gates, the leader assuming the guise of a woman. The name was derived from a strange appli- cation of a passage in Genesis xxiv. 00. RE'BEKKE,f «. A musical instrument. [See Rebec] [Chaucer.] REBEL'LION, n. Commission of rebel- lion, [add.] This process is now abol- ished. — In law, disobedience to the process of the courts. RE'BELL10USASSEMBLY,H.In/a(t', a gatliering of twelve persons or more, intending, going about, or practising unlawfully, and of their own authority, to change any laws of the realm, or to destroy any property, or do any other unlawful act. RE-BLOOM', V. i. To bloom or blossom again. RE-BUF'FET, v. t. To buffet again; to beat back. RE-BUOY', V. t. To buoy, raise, or sus- tain again. REeAL^CITRANT,rt. [L.re.andca?- citroy to kick.] Kicking back; kicking again. RECAL'CITRATE,u. /. To kick back; to kick again. REGALCITRA'TION,?!. Act of kick- ing; act of kicking back or again. RECARNIFY, V. t.[L. re, and caro, carnis, flesh.] To convert again into flesh. REt:eHE,t 1 V. i. (reck.) [See Reck.] REGHE,! f To care. [Chaucer.] RE€GlIE'LES,t a. Careless; reckless. [Chaurer.] RE€eUE'LESNESSE,t n. Careless- ness; recklessness. [C/iauccr.] RECEIPT'-BOOK, 7i. A book contain- ing receipts. RECElPT'OR,n. (resee'tur.) One who gives a receipt; one who becomes surety for goods attached. RECE1VABIL'ITY,». Quality of being receivable. [Anieincan.] RECEIVER, n. [add.] A person ap- pointed in suits concerning the estates of infants, against executors, and be- tween partners for the purpose of wind- ing up the concern. — Receiver of the fines, an officer who receives the money of all sucli as compound w'ith the crown on original writs sued out of chancery. — Ucceiver-gcncral of the duchy of Lan- caster, an officer of tlie duchy-court, who collects all the revenues, fines, for- feitures, and assessments within tlie duchy. — Receiver-general of the public revenue, an oiUcer appointed to every county to receive the taxes granted by Parliament, and remit the money. RECEIVING, n. [add.] Comprehen- sion. \Shak.] RECEIV'ING-SHIP, n. A vessel for receiving supernumeraries or entered men for the royal navy. RECEP'TACLE; n. Among the coarser algen, is applied to those pod-like bodies which contain the spores. RECEP TACLES OF OIL, n. In bot., cysts formed among the cellular tissue of plants, and containing an oily secre- tion, as in the so-called dotted leaves of the orange. RECEP TACLES OF SECRETION, n. In 6u^,anycavities of the interior into which natural secretions are drained. RECEPTAC'ULUM, n. [L.] A recep- tacle. — Receptaculum chyH, in anat., the receptacle of the chyle. [See Re- ceptacle, No. 3.] RECEP'TION, n. [add.] Power or ca- pability of receiving. ['Milton.] RECESSION, H. [add.] The abandon- ment or giving up of a tenet, argument, or position, as untenable. [Molyneux.] RECHAR'TER, v. t. To charter again; to grant a second or another charter to. \_American.] 301 RECHAR'TER, n. A second charter; a renewal of a charter. [American.] RECHASE',t V. t. [Fr. rechasser.] To chase or drive back; a term in hunting. [Chaucer,] RECHAS'ED,t pret. or pp. Chased, or driven, or drove back. [Chaucer.] RECIPE, n. [add.] In popidar usage, a receipt for making almost anymixtiu-e or preparation. RECIP'IENCY, H. A receiving; act or capacity of receiving; reception. RECIPROCAL, n. In mathematics. [add.] Or the reciprocal of a quantity is a fraction having 1 for its numerator, and the given quantity for its denomi- nator. Thus, the reciprocal of 2 is ^, and that of « + a: is a -f- .T, RECIPROCAL'ITY n. The quality of being reciprocal. [Lit. us] RECIPROCITY, n. [add.] Mutual action and re-action. RECIPROCOR'NOUS, a. [L. recipro- cus, and cornu, a horn.] Having horns turned backwards and forwards, as those of a ram. RECITA'TION, n. [add.] The delivery before an audience of the compositions of others committed to memory; re- petition of something learned. RECITATIVE', «. [add.] 2. A piece of music to be sung recitatively. RECITE', V. i. [add.] To rehearse be- fore an audience the compositions of others committed to memory. RECKLESSLY, adv. In a reckless manner; headlessly ; carelessly. RECK'ON, V. i. [add.] To think; to imagine; to suppose; to believe; to conjecture; to conclude; as, I rechon he'll come. This application of the word is provincial in England, and is used colloquially to an excess in the middle and southern parts of tiie United States, corresponding to guess in the northern states. RECLAlME',t I*, t. [See Reclaim.] In falconry, to bring a hawk to the wrist by a certain call. [Chancer.] RECLAIM'ED, pp. or a. [add.] Re- claimed animals, in law, those that are made tame by art, industry, or educa- tion, whereby a qualified property may be acquired in them. RECLAIMING, n. In feudal law, i\\Q action of a lord pursuing, prosecuting, and recalling his vassal, who had gone to live in another place without his permission. — Also, an action for the de- manding of a thing or person to be de- livered up or surrendered to the prince or state it properly belongs to, when by an irregular means it has come into the possession of another. RECLAlM'ING.t n. In falconry, the act of calling a hawk back to the wrist. [Chaucer.] RECLAIJM'LESS, «. That cannot be reclaimed. RE€LAYME',t v. t. To call back; to recover. [See Reclaime in this Supp.] [Speriser.] RECOGNr'TION, n. [add.] Act of formally admitting and acknowledging; admission or allowance of a legitimate claim or title. RECOGNITORS,/!. A jury impanelled on an assize, so called because they ac- knowdedge a disseizin by their verdict. RECOG'NITOUY, a. Pertaining to, or connected with recognition. RECOGNIZA'TION, h. Act of recog- nizing. RECOIN'ER, n. One whorecoins. KECOYEKER KEDDING-KAME KEDRESSE KEC'OIXE€T, >i. See Recollet. KEC OLLET, or REt; OLLECT, in- stead of REGOLLET, or RE€OL- LEeT, n. REeOM'FORTCRE, n. Renewal or restoration of comfort. [5AaA.] REfOMMEXCE'MENT, ;i. A com- mencement anew. EEt:O.M.\IEND , v.t. [add.] To men- lion or represent as worthy of some- thing; as, to recommend one to our pit}'; to advise one to something, as being advantageous or beneticial; as, I would strongly recommend you to travel for your health. REeO.MMlT T.\L, n. SaraeasRECOM- MITMEST- EEe'OJlPENSER, n. One who recom- penses. REeOJIPOS'ER, II. One who recom- poses. REeONCIL'ABLY, adv. In a recon- cilable manner. RECONCILE, instead of RECON- CILE, V. t. [add.] In ship-building, to join one piece of work fair with another. The term refers particularly to the re- version of curves. RECONCILE, instead of RECON- CILE, V. i. REC ONCILED, instead of RECON- CILED. RECONCILEMENT, instead of RE- CONCILEMENT. RECONCILER, instead of RECON- CILER. RECONCILING, instead of RE- CONCILING, n. RECONCILING, instead of RECON- CILING, )>pr. RECON DITE, instead of RECON- DITE. EECON'NOISSANCE, instead of RE- CONNOISSANCE. RECONSIDER.VTION, n. [add.] In deliberative assemblies, the taking up for renewed consideration that wiiich has been previously passed or acted upon; as a motion, vote, &c. RECONTIN UANCE,+ n. Renewed continuance. ]Sacon.\ RECORD, n. [add.] Conveyances by record, in law, extraordinary assu- rances, as private acts of Parliament, and royal grants. — OKI authors accent this noun as the veri), and this accen- tuation is sometimes still retained; as in the phrase, a court of record. RECORD, n. [add.] Witness; testi- mony. l^Cttaucer.] RECbRDE',t V. i. [See Recokd.] To remember; to enter upon record in judicial proceedings. [Chancer.'] RECORD ERSHIP, n. The office of a recorder. RECOUNT', B. t. To count again. RECOUP', or RECOUPE', f. t. (re- coop'.) [Fr. recouper.] To cut again. — In law, to make a set-oft", defalcation, or discount, as by a defendant to the claim of a plaintitt'. — .\lso, to restore; to re-instate; to recover; to redistri- bute or redivide. RECOUPE', H. The keeping back or stopping something which is due; dis- count. RECOUP'ER, 71. In law, one who re- coups or keeps back. \ Story.] RECOUPMENT, n. In taw, the same as Recoupe, — which see in this Supp. RECOVER, 1). t. To cover again; to remedy; to cure of diseases. RECOV'ERABLENESS, n. State of being recoverable. RECOV'ERER, n. One who re- covers. RECOTLE',t "■ i- [See Recoil.] To retire. EEC RE.iNDlSE.t'i.[5eeKECBEAST.] I Fear ; cowardice ; desertion of principle. | [Chaucer.] EEC'REAUNT.t a. See Reckeant. [Spender.] RECRUIT'ER, n. One who recruits. REt TAN'GULAR, a. [add.] lieetan- I gular co-ordinates, in analytical geo- metry, co-ordinates at right angles to each other. In plnne geometry, one of them is the absciss, and the other the ordinate RECTAN'GULARNESS, ) n. The I RECTANGULAR ITY, f quality of I being rectangular. [Rar. us.] \ RECTIFICATION, n. [add.] Recti.fi- cation o.f a globe, the adjustment of it preparatory to the solution of a proposed problem. EEC TIFY, v.t. [add.] Applied to per- sons; as, to rectify the prejudiced. [Aii ■ dison.] RECTILINEAR'ITY.n. State of being rectilinear, or in right lines. RECTO. In law, a writ of right, now abolished. REC 'TOKATE, n. Tlie office of rector. RECTO'RIAL TITHES, n. Great or predial tithes. RECTUS IN CURIA. [L.] In law, right in court ; one who stands at the bar of a court, and no accusation is made against him. Also said of an outlaw, when he has reversed his out- lawry. RECUILE'.t I I'- '■ [*^ce Recoil] To RECULE,! )' start back; to retire; to retreat. [Spenser.] KECUR', V. i. [add.] To occur at a stated interval, or according to some regular rule; as, the fever will recur to-night. RECOR'ED,t pp. [See Recuke.] Re- covered; regained. [.Spe/u-er.] RECUS'SION, H. [L. rce«(io, to strike back or backwards.] Act of beating back. RED.t 1". Counsel; advice. [See REDD,t r Keoe.] RED, ( f. t. To interfere and separate, REDD,) as in the case of two people figliting; to disentangle; to clear; to put in order. — To red one's feet, to free one's self from entanglement. — To redd up, to put in order; as, to redd up a house. [Scotch.] RED, ( ['. I. To counsel ; to advise. REDE, ( [A'cv.(c/i.l RED, i I'. I. To conjecture ; to divine. REDE, ( [6>.i?cA.) RED.t I'P- of ttedc. Esteemed ; ac- counted. [Srenser.] REDACTION,H.For"MS.,'readMSS. [add.] The act of digesting or reducing to order, api)lied to literary or scientitic materials, law, &c. Also, the digest thus made. RED'-.\NT, w. .V small species of ant, the Formica rufa. KED'-BOOlv, n. 5ee under Eeo. RED-C.-VP, n. Many small species of insessorial birds, with red crowns, such as some of the tanagers, are so called. REDDE,t Iprrt. of Rede. Advised; RED,t 1 counselled ; explained ; read. [Chaucer.] REDDENS, n. 'llie fruit of the moun- tain-ash. More usually rodens, or rod- dins. [Scotch. \ EED'DER'S-LICK, n. See Eedding- Stk.vik in this Supp. BEDDING, ppr. Unravelling; putting to rights. RED DING-K.l.ME,>i. Alarge-toothed comb for disentangling tlie hair. [Scotch.] RED DING-STRAIK, n. .V stroke re- ceived in attempting to separate com- batants in a fray: a blow in return for officious interference. — Redding up, putting in order. [Scos, a rope through a slieave-hole in the boom, with a tackle attached, to haul the after-leach down to the boom while reefing. REEF-POINTS, u. In ships, small pieces of line fastened by the middle in the eyelet-holes, for tying up a sail to the yard when reefing it. REEK, 1 . , .X J REIK l'^- ^ course; exploit; adven- lUNK ) ture; frolic. [Sir \V. Scoti.] KEEK'IE, a. Smoky. [Scotch.] REEL, V. i. [add.] To wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread from the spindle. REEL'ING, 71. A vacillating walk; a staggering. REEM'ING IRON, n. In sMp-huildi7tg, an iron instrument used for opening the seams of planks, so that the oakum may be more readily admitted. RE-ENDOW, V. t. To endow again. RE-ENFOUCE', v.t. To enforce anew; to strengthen with new assistance or support. RE-ENFORCE'IMENT, n. Act of re- enforcing; supply of new force; fresh assistance; new help. [See IIe-in- rORCliMRNT. ] KE-ENGA^E'MENT, n. Renewed en- gagement. RE-EN'TRANT, a. Same as Re-en- tering, — which see. RE-EX'TUV, n. [add.] Proviso for re'ent7-y, a clause usually inserted in leases, that upon non-payment of rent, &c., the term shall cease. REEVE,t 71. [add.J A bailiff. REEVING, ) jj ,, . 11 REIVING, ( ^'P'^- ^\^3^^'"f ', I^^^>^^^^'- reavingJ •"- ['^^•'^'^■'M RE-EXTENT', n. In law, a second extent on lands or tenements, on com- plaint that the former Vas partially made, &c. [See ExTiiNr.] RE. FA. LO. In law, the abbreviation of Becorduri facias loquelam, — which see. REFECT', v.t. [add.j To recover; to repair. [Chaucer.] REFE€T',t pp. Recovered; restored. ( Chaucer,] REFER', V. f. [add.] To bring back again. [-1 Latinism.] To ascribe; to impute; as, he refers all his successes to providence. [Addison.] To attribute by references. I ivoulii lia\e all the parodies re/Vrrcti to the auUiOis they imitate. Swift. To postpone ; tu defer. Wy accuuiit ol Hits voyage must he referred to the second |iiirt, of my tr^ivds. 6icift. REFER', v.i. [add.] To direct the attention; as, an asterisk refers to some- thing in the margin, or at the bottom of the paire. REF'ERENCE, n. [add.] In law, the sendingof any matter of inquiry by the court of chancery to a master in or- dinary, in order to e.xauiine it, and make a report to the court. References tu compute, (Sic, are freiiuently made lo the masters of the courts of common-law. REFEREND'AUy,t n. [add ] In earty histoi'u, an officer charged with the duty of procuring aiid despatching diplumas and decrees. REFEREN'TIAL, a. Relating to, or having reference. REFEREN'TIALLY, adv. Cy way of reference. REFIGURING,-|- ppr. Figuring again. [Chaucer.] REFINERY, ?i. [add.] A place where the process of refining is carried on ; as, a refinery of sugar. [Smith.] REFIN'ING, n. [add.J The use of too much refinement or subtilty ; great nicety of speculation. REFIT', V. i. To repair damages; as, the admiral retui'ned tu Portsmouth to 7-ejit. REFIX", V. t. To fix again; to abrogate; to repeal ; to annul ; as, to rejix laws. [ Wullaston. | REFLEGT'ING, ppr. ova. [add.] Throwing back light, heat, &c., as a mirror or other surface. — In optics, glass mirrors, polished metallic sur- faces, (Sic, form rcjiiicting surfaces.— Rejiecting or rejlective faculties, in phreiiul., those intellectual faculties which constitute reason or rejUction; as comparison and causaliti/. [See these terms. ] REFLECT'lVENESS, n. The quality of being reflective. REFLEX', a. [add.J Bfflex actions, in physiology, tliose actions which are executed only in respondence or answer to the impressions made, by certain agents operating uimn the nerves pro- ceeding to a ganglionic centre. They are performed without any choice or direction on the part of the animal, and may take place even without its con- sciousness. Of this kind are deglutition and respiration. They are termed re- flex actions, from the peculiar action of the gangliun in throwing back, or re- flecting, along the motor nerves that pass from it, the impressions which it receives from the fibres that pass towards it. REFLOW'ER, v. i. To flower again. REFORMA'DO,t «. Penitent; re- formed; devoted to reformation. REFORM A'TION, n. [add.J Houses of reformation, institutions auxiliary to those for punishment, and designed fur the reforniation of oft'enders. REFORM'ATORY, a. [add.] Rcfor^ matory house or institution, an insti- tution established for the purpose of reclaiming criminals and oft'enders, especially juvenile delinquents. REFORM'ATORY, n. A philanthropic institution for reclaiming criminals and offenders, especially young offenders. REFORM-'ER, «. [add.] One who promotes or urges political reform. REFRACTORILY, adv. Perversely; obstinately. REFRAG'TORINESS, n. [add.J Ap- 2)lied to metals, difficulty of fusion. REF'RAGABLENESS, ?i. State of being refragable. [Bar. us.] REFRAIN TNG,t n. The singing of the burden of a song. [Chaucer. \ REFRAlN'MENT,t n. Act of refrain- ing; abstinence; forbearance. EEFRAN'tlBLENESS, n. State of being refrangible; refrangibility. [Bar. tis.] REFREIDEM i-.£. IFr. refroidii:] To cool. [Chaucer. \ REFRESH', V. t. [add.] To renovate; to restore; as, to refresh the memory. REFRESH FUL, a. Full of refresh- ment; refreshing. BEFRETE',t "• Same as Refrain. [Chaucer. \ REFRIG'ERANT, n. [add.] Figura- tively, that which cools or extniguishes; as, a refri'/eraut to passion. [Blair.] REFRIG'EUATOR, instead of RE- FRIGERATOR. REFTE,t )n. [See Rift.] A chink or RIFTE,t ) crevice. [Chaucer.] REF'UGE,H. [add.J Harbours of refuge, harbours or ports which afford shelter to vessels in cases of distress from wea- ther; alsOjplaces of refuge for merchant vessels, from enemies' cruisers in time of war. REFUR'NISH, i-. t. To furnish anew. REFUSE', V. t. instead of REFUSE. REFU'SION, n. A renewed fusion; a restoring. REFU'TATORY, a. Tending to refute; relating to, or containing refutation. REFUTE',! 71. [Fi-.refuir.] Refuge. [Chaucer. \ RE'GAL FISHES, n. Whales, sturgeons, and porpoises; so called because when tiirown ashore, or cauglit near tlie coast, they are the property of the sovereign. REGARD', V. t. [add.] To consider; to esteem; to reckon; as, I regard him as one of my best friends, REGARD', V. i. To reflect; to bear in mind; to care; as, she does not regard that she is my child. [Shah. \ REGARD', n. [add.J Concern; interest; aft'ection; as, to bear a tender regard to children. — At regard of, with respect to; in comparison of. [Chaucer.] KEGISTER KETLE EEKKE REOaKD'ANT villein, or RE- GARD ANT TO THE MANOR. An ancient servant or retainer who did the liase services within the manor. REGARDS', n. plur. Respects; g-ood wishes; compHments; as, give my best regards to the family. \_Familiar.^ — In Shah., considerations. REGXTIiER, V. t. To gather, or collect anew. RE'GEL, \ ■ , A c S REG'EL, RI'GEL, \ '"^^'^^^ °f i REG'IL. REGENCY, n. [add.] The government of a regent; the otRce or jurisdiction of a regent. REOEN ERATn^E, a. Producing re- generation. RE'GENT, n. [add.] In the E^ijish imhersities, the regents, or regentes, are memljers of the universities who have certain peculiar duties of instruction or government. At Cambridge, all resi- dent masters of arts of less than four years' standing, and aU doctors of less than two, are regents. At Oxford, the period of regency is shorter. At both universities, those of a more advanced standing, who keep their names on the college-books, are called non-regents. At Cambridge, the regents compose the upper house, and the non-regents the lower house of the senate, or governing body. At Oxford, the regents compose the congreg a I ion y which confers degrees, and does the ordinary business of the university. The regents and non-re- gents, collectively, compose the co7ivt}- cation, which is the governing boiy in the last resort. EE'GENT-BIIID, n. The Sericulus chri/socephahis, a very beautiful bird of Australia, belonging to the Melipha- gidie, or honey-eaters. The colour of R'.'gent-LiTd, Set-iculm dtrj/nKephtilus. the plumage is golden yellow, and deep velvety black. It was discovered during the regency of George IV., and was named in compliment to hira. UE'GIA A'QUA, n. [L] See Aqua reg'ia under Aqu.\. RE^ICI'DAL, a. Belonging to a regi- cide. RE(J;'ICIDE,(7. Relating to the murder of a king. REGIME', n. fra-zheem'.) [Er.] Mode ofliving; government; administration; rule. R£6'IMENT, n. [add.] A regiment forms the second subdivision of an army. The union of two or more regi- ments or battalions constitutes a bri- gade, and two or more brigades form a grand division or corps-d'-armee. A regiment is commanded by a colonel, a lieutenant-colonel, and a major. REG'lMENTS.f n. i^lur. [See Regi- ment.] Independent governments. f5pc?ii-er.] REGISTER, n. [add.] A contrivance for noting down or calculatiDg the per- formance of an engine, or the rapidity of a process. REGISTRAR- GENERAL, n. An officer appointed by the crown, under the great seal, to whom, subject to such regulations as shall be made by a prin- cipal secretary of state, the general su- perintendence of the whole system of registration of births, deaths, and mar- riages is intrusted. REG'ISTRARSHIP, n. The office of a registrar. REGISTRA'TION, n. [add.] Clause of registration, in Scots law, a form of clause, applicable to obligatory deeds, authorizing them to be recorded in the books of a court, having jurisdiction to put the deed in force. REG'ISTRY-A€TS. See Register- Acts. REGMA,t n. [Gr. p^^.a; to break.] A fruit consisting of three or more cells, each of which bursts from the axis with elasticity into two valves, as in Enphorbia. R EG 'NE,t n. [Fr.] Kingdom, [amucer.] REGRATE', I', t. [add.! In masonry, io remove the outer surface of an old hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh appear- ance. REGRAT'ING, n. [add.] In masonry, the process of removing the outer sur- face of an old hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh appearance. REG'ULAUIZE, v. t To make regular. [Rare.] REGULARS, n. In chronology, fixed numbers attached to each month. There are two kmds of regulars, solar and lunar, both consisting of fixed numbers assigned to each month of the year. The solar regular for January and Oc- tober is 2; for February, March, and November, 5; for April and July, 1; for May, 3; for June, G; for August, 4 ; for September and December, 7, The regulars are used with the concur- rents in ascertaining on what day of the week the first day of each month fell. The regular of the month being added to the concurrent of the year, the sum, if it does not exceed 7, shows the day of the week required ; but if it exceed 7, that number is to be sub- tracted, and the remainder shows on what day of the week the first day of each month in that year fell. The lunar regular for January and March is 9 ; for February and April, 10; for May, 11; for June, 12; for July 13; for August," 14; for September and October, IG; for November and De- cember, 13. By adding the epact to the lunar regulars, the age of the moon on the first day of each month is ascer- tained. [See CoNCUBUENTs in this Supp.] REG'ULITS, n. The kinglet, a genus of warblers, closely allied to the wren. They are the smallest birds of the fa- mily Sylviadag; they inhabit the woods and thickets of the colder and temper- ate regions of both continents. Their bill is slender, and forms a perfect and Tery sharp cone. R. auricapilluSj or gold-crowned kinglet, is common in Britain. Another species (R. ignica- pillus), with a redder crest, is also found, but it is scarce. REHETE',t ) r. t. To revive; to cheer REHEAT',! I up. [Chaucer.] REHET INCr,! 77. A reviving. REl'GLEMENT,t n. [Fr. reglcment.] A rule; a canon ; a mark ; regulation; a reigle. [Bishop Taylor.] RElLE,t u. i. To roll. [Chaucer.] 334 RE-IJIBURS'IBLE, a. That may be . re-imbursed. RE-IMPOSE', V t To impose or place anew. RE-IMPOSI"TION, n. Act of re-im- posing. REIN, i". i. To obey the reins; as, the steed reins well. [Shah.] RE-INCORPORATE, f./. To incor- porate anew, REIN DEER-MOSS, n. A lichenous plant, the Cenomyce rangiferina, which K«inileer-mos5, Cenomyce ranglferina. constitutes important food for reindeer, &c., in high northern latitudes. REI'NECRE, n. {ri'-nek-ke.) [G. the fox.] A celebrated German epic poem, in high repute in the latter part of the middle ages. KE-INFORM', u. /. To inform again. RE-INFUND', V. i. To flow in again, as a stream. RE-INSTRUCT',r./. To instruct anew. RE-INVOLVE', V. t. To involve anew. RElUD, V. i. To make a loud noise; to make a crashing noise; to break wind. [Scotch.] REIRD, n. Noise; shouting; the act of breaking wind. [Scotch.] RYsIf ' \ "• ^^ ^^^"^^ *^^^" ^^'^^^^^■^ REI'SES, n. plur. Cut brushwood; shrubs. [Scotch.] RE-IS'SUABLE, a. That may be re- issued. REIST, r. i. To stop obstinately; to stick fast in the middle ; to become restive, as a horse. [Scotch.] REIST, r. t. To arrest; to dry by the heat of the sun, or in a chimney. [Scotch.] REIST'ED, fip. Stopped; stuck fast; smoke-dried; roosted. [Scotch.] REIST'ING, rtpr. or a. Restive; having the habit of stopping, as a horse. [Scotch.] REiT'-BOK, n. A species of antelope, the Antilope Eleutragus, or Eleotragus arundinaceus. [See Riet-Bok in this Supp. 1 RE-IT ERATEDLY, a(/i\ By reitera- tion; repeatedly. REJOIC'ER, n. [add.] One that causes to rejoice; as, a rcjoicer of the comfort- less and widow. [Pope.] REJ()IE',t V. i. To rejoice. [Chaucer.] REJOIN 'DEU,t 1-. i. To make a reply. REJOIN'DUKE,t 7». A joining again; reunion. [Shah.] REJOLT',f V. t. To reverberate ; to re- bound. REJU'VENATE, v. f. To restore to youth; to make young again. REJUVENATED, pp. Rendered young again. REKE,t V. i. To exhale; to emit vapour or smoke. [See Reek.] [Chaitcer.\ REK'EN,t f- <• or ''• To reckon ; to come to a reckoning. [Chaucer.] REKIvE.t V. i. [See Recr-J To care. [Chaucer.] KEMEDIAL STATUTES RENEW REPLEGIARE RELATES', I w. f'S'ce Rklat.] Fresh sets of hounds. [Chnucer.] RELA'TlONIST,n. A relative; a rela- tion, \ J^are.] REL'ATIVE, n. [add.l Tn logic, a rela- tive term. f.S'ee the ArJjeciive.] RELATIVITY, n. Relativeness. [7?ar. vs.] RELATOR, n. [add.l In hio, a re- liearser. teller, or informer; also, a plaintiff to an information in chancery, where the rights of the crown are not immediately concerned, who is respon- sible for costs. RELAX', 1'. ?". [add.] To grow slack and feeble ; as, his knees 7-eiax with toil. \Popp.] RELKES',t n. Release. [Chaucer.] RELEFE',t n. \Be, and Sa.K. frrfan, to leave.] That which is left. [Chaucer.] RELENT', ?'. t. [add.l To remit; to stay ; to abate. [Spenser.] REL'EVANCY, n. [add.] In iaia, the evidence applicable to the issne joined. REL'EVANT, a. [add.] In law, apply- ing to the matter in qnestion ; affording something to the pnrpose. RELE'VIUM. «. [LawLat.] In feudal law, relief. [See Rklikf, No. 6.] RELiDE'.t vret. of Rely. Relied; in- clined to. [Spenser.] RELIKF'LESS, a. Destitute of relief. RELIEVING, ?vr. or a. neUeving tachhs. [add.] Tackles carried nnder a vessel's bottom, when heaving down, to keep her from being too much canted over. RELlOi'IONER,n. A religionist. [Rar. us.] RELlOlOS'ITY. n. Sense of religion; state of being religions. [J?ar. us ] RELTrtrOUS 1.MPOSTORS, n. In ^rt(r, tho.se who falsely pretend an extraor- dinary commission from heaven, or terrify and abuse the people with false denunciations of judgment; punish- able with fine, imprisonment, and, in- famous corporal pnnishment. RELlG'IOUSITE.t n. Persons of a religious profession ; the clergy. [Chau- cer ] RELIfi'IOIIS MEN, 77. In a ^e.W sense, those who entered into some monastery orconvent,there to live devoutly. They \ were held to be civillv dead. REL'IKE.t ". 3>^«r. Relikes. A relic. \Chaiieer.] REL'IQUA, n. [L., plur. of reliqunm.] In low, the remainder or debt which a per.son finds himself debtor in, upon the balnnring or liquidating an account. RELIQUARY, n. [add.] In lato, i\\Q debtor of a 7-eliqua, or of a balance due; also, a person who only pays piece- meal. REL'ISII, n. [add.] Something taken with food to increase the pleasure of eating. REL'ISTIING, ppr. or a. Giving a rel- ish ; palatable; savourv. RELIVD'.f ) pp. of Relive. Re-an- RELYVED,t) imated; revived. [Spenser] RELOAD', V. t. To load again. REMAINDER, n. [add.] Cross remain- ders^ in law. [See under Cross in this Supp.] RExM'ANENCE, REM'ANENCY, in- stead of REMA'NENCE, REMA'- NENOY, n. REMAUIv', v. i. To make observations ; to observe. REMEAS'URE. v. f. To measure anew. REME'DIALLY, adv. In a remedial manner. REME'DLVL STATUTES, w. Those II.— Sui'p statutes which are made to supply such defects and abridge such superHuities in the common-law, as arise either from the general imperfection of all human laws, from change of time and circum- stances, from the mistakes and un- advised determinations of unlearned judges, or from any other cause. This is done by enlarging the common-law where it was too narrow and circum- scribed, or by restraining it where it was too lax and Inxuriant; hence, re- medial acts of Parliament are divided into enlarging and restraining statutes. REM'EDILESSLY, instead of RE- MED'ILESSLY. REM'EDILESSNESS, instead of RE- MED ILESSNESS. REM'EDY, V. f. [add.] To counteract. REM'EDY, n. [add.] In law, the legal means to recover a right; also, a certain allowance to the master of the mint, for deviation from the standard weight, and fineness of coins. REMEMBEIIABLE, n. That may be remembered. REMEM'BERABLY, adv. So as to be remembered. REMEM'BllANCER, n. [add.] Some- thing that reminds or calls to remem- brance, as a gift; memonal; memento. REM ENANT,t «. A remnant; a re- maining part. [Chaucer.] REMER'CIED,t3)p. [See Remercie.] Thanked. [Spenser.] RliMESjf ??. i>/«/'. [\t. re(lme.] Realms. [Chancer.] REM'IGUATE, instead of REMX'* GRATE, u. I. REMIS'SAlLES,t n.plur. [Fr.] Orts; leavings. | Chaucer.] REMIS'SION, H. [add.] The sending of money to a distant place. \ Swift.] — In Scots law, a pardon from the crown, passed under the great seal, REMIS'SIVE,a. [add.] Slackening; re- laxing; causing al)atement; as. scorch- ing heats remissive of strength. REMIT'TAL, n. [add.) Act of sending away to a distant place, as money. [Swiff.] RE.MIX', V. f To mix again. REMOKDE ,t V. t. [See Remorp.] To cause remorse; to atHict. REiMOUNT', r. i. [add.] To go back r as, to remount to remote antiquities. [Smith.] REM'PHAN, 71. An idol worshipped by the Israelites while they were in the wilderness. IXrf^vii.] REMU'ABLK.t rt. [Vr.remuer.] Mov- able; inconstant. [Chaucer.] REN, 77. plur. JRe'nes. [L.] A kidney. REN'ABLY,t ado. Reasonably. [Chau- cer.] RENAS'CENCE, 77. Same as Renas- CENCV. REN't'ULUS, 77. [Dimin. of L. ren, the kidney.] The name of each distinct lobe of the kidney, in the embryo of the mammalia, and of the human subject. REN'DEZVOUS, n. [add.] The plural, rendezvouses, is sometimes used. RENE AGUE', v. t. To renounce. [Shak.] [See Re.nm:*!!-:.] REN'EGATE,t 77. [Fr.] A renegade; an apostate from Christianity. [Chaucer] RENEIE',tju. t. (Fr. renicr.l To RENEY', t J- renounce; to abjure. RENAY',t ) [Chaucer.] RE'NES, n. [See Ren in this Supp.] The reins or kidneys; the secreting organs of the urine. RENEW, r. i. To grow afresh ; to begin again. RENEW, V. t. [add.] To repeat or tell 305 from the beginning; as, to renew a story. [ Spenser. \ RE'NFiaRST',t pp. [From re, and en- fierce.] Re-enfierced ; again made fierce. [Spenser.] RE'NFOUST',t prct. of Re-inforee. Re-inforced; made fresh attempts. [Spenser. | REN 6ES,f n. plur. Ranges; ranks; the steps of a ladder. [Chaucer.] REN JANTjf 77. One who renounces orai))ures; a renegade. [Chaucer.] RENI'TENCE, RENl'TENCY, in- stead of REN'ITENCE, REN'ITEN- CY. RENI'TENT, instead of REN'I- TENT, a. RENNE,t 0. i. [G. rennen.] To run. [Chaucer.] RENNE,t V. f. [Sax. rendan.] To rend. [ Chaucer.] REN'NET-WIIEY, n. The serous part of milk, separated from the caseous, by means of rennet. It is used in phar- macy. RENOMEE',t 77. [Fr. renommer.] Re- nown. [Chaucer.] REN'OVANT, a. Renewing. REN'OVATEU, 77. Pne wlio renovates. RENOVELAUNCE,t n. [Fr.] A re- newing. [Chaucer.] RENOVELLE',t v. t. [Fr. rowuveler.] To renew. [Chaucer.] R ENT, 77. [add. j Rent may be considered as of a twofold nature: — first, as some- thing issuing out of the land, as a com- pensation for the possession during the term; and, secondly, as an acknow- ledgment made by the tenant to the lord of his fealty or tenure. It must always be a profit, and the profit must be ceitain, or that wliich may be re- duced to a certainty by either party. It must issue yearly, though it may be reserved every second, third, or fourth year; it must issue out of the thing granted, and not be part of the land or thing itself, which must be either lands or tenements corporeal. All rents are recoverable by distress. — Fore-hand 7'ent, a fine or premium given by the lessee at the time of taking his lease. It is otherwise called a fore-gift, or income. RENT'-ARREAR', ??. Unpaid rent. RENT'-DAY,y?.Tiie day for paying rent. RENTS, 77. 2Jlif>'- Openings or cracks which take place in timber or planks, wlien much e.\posed to tiic heat of the sun. RENVERST', i^p. [See Renverse.] Reversed. [Spenser. \ REOt;'€UPY, V. f. To occupy anew. REPAINT', V. t. To paint anew. KEPAlRE',t«. [Fr.] Kesovt. [Chaucer.] REPAlUE'jf u. i. To return. [Chaucer.] REPAUTI'TION, n. A division into smaller parts. REPAST', V. i. To take food; to feast. [Pupe. I REPA'TRIATE,orREPAT'RIATE,t V. t. REPA'TRIATED, or REPAT'RIAT- ED,Y pp. REPA TRIATING, or REPAT'RI- ATlNG,t ppr. REPATRIA'TION,t «. Return to one's ov.'n country. REPAY',!', i To pay again, or a .=econd time. REPEAL', 77. [add.] Act of repealing. REPEL'LENT, n. [add.] A medicine or application which causes a disease to recede from the surface of the body. REPINE', n. A repining. [Shah.] REPLEUIA'RE, v. t. [See llEVLEvr.] So KEP-SILVER RESIN RESTE In law. to redeem a thing detained or taken by another by gmn? sureties. — In Scots law. \See Repledging.] REPLETE'XESS.n. Fulness: repletion. KEPLEV'lE,t V. t. \S€e Reple\t.] To reclaim. {Spenser.] KEPLEV'ISH, V. t. In laic, to let one out of custody, upon security being giren that he shall be forthcoming at a time and place appointed. REPLEVY, n. Replevin, — ickick see. REPLICANT, n. One who makes a reply. REPXICATED, rt. Folded back. [See Replicate.] REP'LUM, H. fL. the panel of a door.] In bot., the framework formed by the separation of the two sutures of a legume or silicule from its valves. REPOS'IT, H. A repository. REPOSr'TION, n. [add.] In Scotslaw, retrocession, or the returning back of a right from the assignee, to the person granting the right. REPREFE',t \n. [Sre Reprove ] Re- REPREVE',t C proof. [Chaucer.] REPREHEN'SIVELY, adv. With re- prehension. REPRESENT', r. /. [add.] To bring into mental view ; to offer to the mind as an object for consideration; as, rea- son and reflection represent to us the meanness of all sensual gratifications. REPRESENT'ANT, a. Representing; having vicarious power. KEPRESENTA TION, n. [add.] The act of e.xhibiting anything, or offering it for consideration in a particular character; as, a representation of God to ourselves, under those affecting char- acters of Creator and Redeemer. [.4/- terburj/.] — In law, the pei-sonating of another, as heirs, executors, adminis- trators. — Also, a collateral statement, in insiirancej either by parol or in writ- ing, of sui-h facts or circumstances relating to the proposed adventure, and not inserted in the policy, as are neces- sary for the information of the insurer, to enable him to form a just estimate of the risk. — In Scots laWy the ^Titten pleading presented to a lord-ordinary of the court of session, when his judg- ment is brought under review. REPRESENTATIONAL, a. Pertain- ing to, or containing representation. REPRESENT'ATIVE, n. [add.] Beat representative, an heir-at- law or devisee. — Personal representative, an executor or administrator. REPRIfiFE ,t 71. Reproof. [Spenser.] REPRIEVED,! y>p. Reproved. [Sjyen- ser.] REPRI SAL, «. [add.] In law, the taking of one thing in satisfaction for another. It is eitlier ordinary, as ar- resting and taking the goods of mer- chant-strangers within the realm; or extraordinary, as satisfaction out of the realm. It is under the great seal. REPRISES, n. See Reprizes. REPRIVE',t v.t. To reprieve; to re- store, [^pewivr.] REPRIZE', r. t. To prize anew. REPROACH'FULNESS, n. Quality of being reproachful. REP ROBATE,a. [add.] Disapproved; rejected; as, a reprobate letter. [Addi- son.] REP'ROBATIVE, ) a. Condemning in REP'ROBATORY, / strong terms; criminatory. REPROOF', n. [add.] Disproof. [^AaA.j REPRuVAL, n. Act of reproving ; re- proof. REP'-SILVER, n. Money anciently paid by servile tenants to their lord, to be quit of the dutv of reaping his corn. REPUBLICA TION, n. [add.] There- publication uf a will is now no longer necessary. REPUGNANT, a. [add.] In a legal sense, contrary to what is stated before. A repugnant condition is void. REPU RIFY, r. t. To purify again. KEPLT ED, pp. or a. [add.] Reputed oicner, in law, one who has to all ap- pearances, the right and actual posses- sion of property. REQUERE'.f r. /. [Fr. rcquerir.] To require. \ Chaucer.] REQUEST', n. [add.] Courts of request. [See the Verb.] REQUISI 'TIONIST, n. One who makes requisition. REQUIS ITIVE, n. He or that which niakes requisition. RERE.t v.t. To rear; to raise. [Chaucer.] RERE'-BRACE, n. Armour for the upper part of the arm above the elbow, forming the connection be- tween the pouldroa and the vam -brace. RERE'-FIEFS, n. In Ljft PouMron and Rere- Scotland, inferior feu- brace. 1 , . datones. RESCEIT', ) H. [L. receptio.] In hic, an RECEIT', ) admission or receiving of a third person to plead his right in a cause formerly commenced bet ween two other persons. — Resceit of homage, the lord's receiving homage of his tenant at his admission to the land. RESCIND'ABLE, a. That may be rescinded. RESCOWE.f r. /. To rescue. RESCRIPT, n. [add.] An edict or decree. RESEIZ'ED, pp. [add.] Put into pos- session again : re-instated. [Spenser.] RESEM'BLER. n. One who resembles. RESENT', V. i. To be indignant; to feel resentment. [S'lciy^.] RES t^ES'T.E, n. i>lur. [L.] In laic, all the surrounding facts of a transaction. RES'IANT, a. [add.] Resiant rolls, in law, rolls containing the resiants or residents in a tithing, tfcc, which are to be called over by the steward on holding courts-leet. RES'IANT, n. A resident; an officer residing in a distant place. RESIDENT, 71. add.] In ftudal law, a tenant who was obliged to reside on his lord's land, and not to depart from the same. RESIDENTIAL, instead of RESI- DENTIAL, a. [add.] Relating to resi- dence. RESIDEN'TIARYSHIP, n. The sta- tion of a residentiary. RESID UAL, 71. In math., an expression which gives the remainder of a sub- traction, as a—b. [See the Adjective.] RESID UARY, a. [add.] Residuary devisee, the person named in a will, who is to take all the real property remaining over and above the other devises. RESIGNA'TION, n. [add.] The giving up a claim, office, place, or possession. — In ecclesiastical a^airs, the yielding up 3 benefice into the hands of the ordinary, called by the canonists re- nunciation. A surrender is the giving up of temporal land into the hands of the lord. RESIN, n. [add.] Resin of coppery a name given to the proto-chloride of C3(; copper, from its resemblance to com- mon resin. — Alpha-resin, beta-resin, the two constituent resins of colo- phony, respectively called pinic acid and S7/Ivic acid. RESI'NA, n. [L.] Resin, or rosin. RESINE'INE, n. An oil yielded by colophonv. RES IN TEGRA. [L.] In law, a new thing or agreement. RESISTING, ppr. or a. Resisting medium, [add.] In astron., an exceed- ingly rare medium supposed to be diffused through the planetary system. RES OLUBLENESS, n. Quality of being resoluble. RESOLVABIL'ITY, n. The property of being resolvable; the quality of re- solvableness. [Cosmos.] RESOLVE, n. (rezolv'.) [add.] The de- termination of any corporation or asso- ciation; resolution. RESOLVE, V. i. (rezolv'.) To be ulti- mately reduced ; as, the question re- solves into this. [Pope.] RESOLV ED, pp. [add.] Dissolved; re- laxed; laid at ease. [Spenser.] RESOLVEDLY, adv. [add.] So as to resolve, and clear up all doubts and difficulties. f5AaA.] RESOLVEND, n. [From L. resolvo, to resolve.] In arith., a number which arises from increasing the remainder after subtraction, in extracting the square or cube root. Re SON,t n. [Fr. ration.] Reason; ratio; proportion. [Chaucer.] RE'SONS,tn.p/. Discourses.rCAaMCW-.] RESORT , 71. [add.] In laic, the autho- rity or jurisdiction of a court. — Dernier j-esort, the last resource or refuge. The House of Lords is the dernier resort in cases of appeal. RESPECT', n. [add.] Circumspection; prudence. [.SAaA.] RESPEtT'IVE, a. [add.] Having rela- tion to: regardful. [Shah.] RESPIRA tlONAL, a. Relating to respiration. RESPIRATORY, a. [add.] Respira- tory surface, the surface of the lungs that comes in contact with the air. This surface is extended by minute subdinsion of the lungs into small ca- vities or air-cells. — Respiratory nerves, a series of nerves proceeding from a narrow white fasciculus, situated be- tween the corpus olivare, and the cor- pus retiforme, in the fnedulla oblongata, and appropriated to the function of respiration, RESPITE',", for Respect. [Chaucer.] RESPJT'EN,t V. t. it\fin. [See Re- spite.] To grant a respite ; to excuse. [Chaucer.] RESPOND'ENCE, n. [add.] Unison; mutual agreement; sympathy; as, the sweet respondence of united hearts. \Parnell.] RESPON D'ENT, a. [add.] Answerable ; conformable ; corresponding. [Pope.] RESFORT',t n. for Respect. [CAou- cer.] REST, n. [add.] A syllable. [Jonson.] RESTAUR', ( n. [Fr. restaur. In late, RESTOR', ) the remedy or recourse which assurers have against each other, according to the date of their assu- rances; or against the masters, if the loss arise through their default: also, the remedy or recourse a person has against his guarantee or other person, who is to indemnify him from any damage sustained. REST£,t iM.andn. 5ee Rest. [CJiau- cer.] RESURRECTIONIST RETRACTOR REVERS REST'FIJLNESS, n. State of being restful. [Rare.] KESTIPULA'TION,t n. A new stipu- lation. KESTITU'TIOIN IiVTEGRUM.[L.] In law, the rescinding of a contract or transaction, so as to place the parties to it in the same position, with respect to one another, which tliey occupied before the contract was made, or the transaction took place. RESTITU TION, n. [add.] In law,the putting of a person in possession of lands or tenements who had been un- lawfully disseized of them. — Restitution of conjugal rights, a species of matrimo- nial cause, which is brought whenever thehusbandor wife is guilty of tlie injury of subtraction, or lives separate from the other, without any sufficient reason. — Restitution of minors, in Scots laWj a restoring of minors to rights lost by deeds executed during their minority. RESTITUTIO'NE TEAIPOKA- LIUM, ". In law, a writ addressed to the sheriff, to restore the temporalities of a bishopric to the bishop elected and confirmed. REST'LESS, a. [add.] Not affording rest ; uneasy ; as, a J'estless chair. [C'omj- ver.] REST'LESSE.t a. [See Restless.] Unceasing; resistless. [Spe7}ser.\ RESTORA'TIONER, {n. A Univer- IIESTOUA'TIONIST, f salist, who believes in a temporary future punish- ment, but in a final restoration of all to the favour and presence of God. REST0RA'T10NlSxM,«. The doctrine of the Restorationists. RESTO'RATlVELY,atZu. Inamanner or degree that tends to renew strength or vigour. RESTORE',! «. Restoration; restitu- tion. [Spenser.] KEST'y, a. Rusty; spoiled for want of use. [Shah.] RESULT', V. i. [add.] To decide or decree, as an ecclesiastical council. \ American.] RESULT', n. [add.] In Neiv Englaml, the decision or determination of a council or deliberative assembly ; as, the result of an ecclesiastical council. RESULT'ANT, a. That results from the combination of two or more agents ; as, a resultant motion produced by two forces, IlESULTTUL, a. Having results ; ef- fectual. KESULT'ING, ppr. or a. [add.] In clj/namics, proceeding from the com- bination of two or more agents ; as, a resulting force or motion.— Resultimj trust, in law, a trust that arises from tlie operation or construction of equity, and in pursuance of tlie rule, that trusts result to tlie party from whom the consideration moves. KESUMMONS, n. In law, a second summons, or calling a person to answer an action \vhere the first summons is defeated Ijy any occasion. KESUiMP TION, n. [add.] In Imo, the talee MnTRONOMr,.] RI'AL, n. [add.] lu the reign of Henry VI. the gold rial was current for lOs.; in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's r^'J^'i, golden rials were coined at Ids. each; and in the reign of James I., there were rose-rials of gold at 30s., and spiu'-rials at 15^. IviB'ANDEO, a. Adorned with ribands or ribbons. RIB'ANlN6KS,t n. plur. Borders. ( (.'haucer.] KlB'AUD,t 71. {See Ribald.] A rogue, vagrant, or whoremonger; a person given to all manner of wickedness. RiU'AUDE,t 71. [Fr. ribaud.] [A'ce Rib- ald. | A poor labourer; a low profligate ft'llow. [Chaticer.] RlB'AUDRIE,t ». Ribaldry; indecent words or actions. [Chaiicei'.] RIB'BAND, u. Same as Riband. [See Ribbon.] IilBBANT>-LmES,7i. In ship-buildinff, diagonal lines on the body-plan, by means of which the points, called sur- viarhs, where the respective bevellings are to be applied to the timbers, are marked off upon the mould. RIBBANDS,) n. In shi/)- building, RIB'ANDS, i long, narrow, flexible pieces of wood nailed temporarily on the outside of the frames length-wise, 60 as to encompass the vessel, and keep the framework in its proper shape till the planking is brought on. RIBBING, ppr. Furnishing with ribs. RIB'BLEHAB'BLE, n. A rabble; a mob. [Low.] RIB'BON, V. t. To adorn with ribbons; to furnish with ribbons. RIB'BONED,ijp. Furnished or adorned with ribbons. RIB'BON-FISH, 7i. Cepola, a genus of acanthopterygious fishes, belonging to the Ta:!nida3 family. Tiie peculiar characters of the genus are indicated by the name; the species being dis- tinguished by their lengthened bodies, much flattened at the sides, and their small scales. [^'ccCepola.] RIBlBEjf /(. A musical instrument. [See Rebeciv.] [Chaucer.] RIB'IBLE.f H. A small ribibe, or re- beck. [Chaucer. \ RICE'-BIUD, )n. [add.J These RICE-BUNTING, J names are given to the Emberiza ort/zivora, or Dolich- onyx i>ryzivorus of the United States ; but the Loxia oryzivora of Java is termed rice-bird, not rice-buntiug . RICE-SHELL, h. The species of the genus Oliva. RICH, a. [add.] Entertaining; amusing in the highest degree ; as, a rich scene; a ri'h story. \CoUoquial.] RICH'ARD ROE, JOHN DOE, n. In late, in an action of ejectment, fictitious persons representing the plaintiff and defendant; John Doe standing for the plaintiff, and Richard Roe for the de- fendant. RICHARDSO'NIA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Cinchonaceic. The species are natives of America. It. scabra, white ipecacuanha, inhabits tropical America, and possesses pro- perties simiUir to those of Cephaelis ipecacuanha. RICHESSE',t n. [Fr.] Wealth; j^Uir, Richess'es, riches. [Chaucer.] RICH'LY, adv. [add.] Richhj dhjht, richly adorned. [SeeXiiGui:.] [Spenser.] RICK, V. t. To pile up hay or grain in ricks. RICK'LE, 7). A heap of stones, or of peats, &c. [Scotch.] RICOCHET, ) H. (rik'oshet, or riko- RICOCHET'.y sha.) [add.J This mode of firing is used also in naval engage- ments, when tiie balls are made to re- bound along the surface of the water, and do great damage to the enemy's ships. RICOCHET TED, pp. Operated upon by ricochet firing. RieOcnET'TING,?w. or a. Operat- ing upon by ricochet firing; as, n- cocheitimj batteries. RID.ti?/?. oi Rede. [5ee Read.] Spoken of; declared. [Spenser.] RID'DELED,t pp. of Raddle. Plaited; wreathed. [Chaucer.] RID'DLED, pp. Separated as with a riddle; perforated. RIDE, V. i. [add.J To ride at anchor, in marine Ian., to lie at anchor; to be anchored. — To ride athwart, to ride with the ship's side to the sea or cur- rent. — To ride dojvnanythino is to bend or bear it down by strength and weight. RIDE, V. t. [add.J In New York, to carry on a cart ; as, to ride a box or bale of goods. — To ride the wild mare, to play at see-saw. [Shak.] RIDE, n. [add.] According to present usage, the term ride is confined to mo- tion on horseback, and the term drive is applied to an excursion in a carriage or other vehicle. RiDE'ABLE, a. Passable on horseback, as a river. \LocaL] RID'ER, n. [add.] In bot., a small leaf inserted in or attached to other leaves. — In Scotch /aw, asupplementary paper. RID'ER-ROLL, n. A schedule or small piece of parchment, often added to some part of a roll, record, or act of Parlia- ment; called also a n(/er. RIDCEXET, 71. A little ridge. RID6E'-ROPES, n. In ships, two ropes running out, one on each side of the bowsprit, for the men to hold on by. RID'ICULE, n. [add.] Ridiculousness. [Addi.ion.] RID'ING, n. [add.] A royal procession into the city of London. [Chaucer.] RIDING-DAYS, n. Days of hostile in- cursions on horseback. [Sir W. Scott.] RIET'-BOK, that is, Reed-Buck, the Dutch name for an antelope of South Africa, which lives in reedy marshes {Eleotragns arutidinaceus). RIEV'EBS, ) T, , , rc / 7 n REIVERS ("■ "^'^''^''S' [Scotch.] riev'ing!) „ ,,. ro * 1 1 Reiving' 1 ^^"'- fobbing. [Scotch.] RIFE,t {v! t. \See Rive, Rift.] To RiVE,t f thrust througli. [Chaucer.] RIFF'-RAFF, n. TJie rabble. [Scotch.] RI'FLE, n. [add.J A sort of whetstone or instrument for sharpening scythes. [Local.] RI'FLE-BIRD, n. Instead of "Phloris," read Ptiloris. 339 RIG, n. A ridge of land ; the back of an animal; course; path. [Scotch.] RIG, [n. A tumult; a wild adven- RIGG, ) ture; a dissipated frolic; a trick. [Scotch.] RIG'GING,?i. [add.] In «/(i>5, the gene- ral term for the ropes of a vessel. The shrouds with their ratlines are known as the main-rigging, fore-rigging, miz~ zen-rifjging, maintop -mast -i-igijing, &c., according to the masts with which they are connected. RIG'GING, «. The back; the ridge of a house; the top of anything; a roof. [Scotch.] RIGGING- TREE, n. A roof-tree. [Scotch.] RIGHT, fit. [add.] Direct or upright; opposed to oblique ; as, a right spliere, right ascension. Denoting the side which was designed to go outward ; as, the right side of a j)iece of cloth. RIGHT, n. [add.J Tlie side wliich was designed to go outward, as of a piece of cloth. — At alle rightes, at all points. [Chaucer.] — Writ of right. [add.J This writ was abolished by o and 4 Wm. IV., c. 27. — Right in court. [See Rec- tus IN CuiuA in this Supp.] RIGHT, adv. [add.J Rightly; truly; exactly; completely. [Chaucer.] RIGHTEOUSLY, adc. [add.J Right- fully ; as, these revenues belong righte- ously to the treasury. [Swift.] RIGUT'-HAND, a. Situated on the right hand; leading to the right; as, a right-hand road. RIGHT-HANDED, a. Using the right hand more easily and readily than the left. RlGHT'-HANDEDNESS,n. Dexterity. RIGHT' WHALE, n. The whale-bone whale {Dala:na mysticetas) is so called. RIG'OURIS.M, n. Rigid principle or practice. RlME,t 71. [Fr.] Rhyme; a composition in rhyme. [Chaucer.] RlME^YEDit pp. Composed in rhyme or verse. [Chaucer.] RIM'MED, a. Having a rim or border. RIIM'PLED,t/>p. [6'eeRiMPLE.J Wrink- led. [Chaucer.] RIM'ULA, n. A genus of testaceous molluscs belonging to the limpet family, and so called from a fissure (rlnia) near the anterior margin. RIN, 1'. i To run. [Scotch.] RING, V. t. [add.J To utter or incul- cate sonorously ; as, to 3ing advice or praises in ones ear. RING, I', t. [add.J In horticulture, to cut out a ring of bark ; as, to rimj branches or roots. RING-CHUCK, 7(. A chuck or append- age to a lathe, with a brass ring fitted over the end. RING-COUPLING, n. In mill-worh. [5ec Thimble-Coupling in this 6Wp/).] RlNG'-DIAL, 71. A pocket sun-dial in the form of a ring. RINGED, I'p. In but., surrounded by elevated or depressed circular lines or bands, as the roots or stems of some plants. RING'ING, n. [add.] In horticulture, the cutting out of a ring of bark down to the new wood, for the purpose of making a branch fruitful, &c. RINGLETS, n. Fairy rings. [See under Fairv.] [Shah.] RING'-SAIL, 77. See Ring-Tail. RING'-TAIL, n. [add.] This kind of sail is also called a ring-sail. RING' -TAILED, a. Having a tail striped as if surrounded by a series of rings. KIVET ROCOCO ROLL RIN-THERE-OUT, n. A needy house- less vascrant; a Tagabond. [Scotch.] RIN-THERE-OUT, a. Vagrant; vaga- bond ; wandering without a home. [Scotch.] RI'OT ACT, n. [add.] This act has been amended, as to punishment, by 7 Wm. IV., and 1 A'ict., c. 91. RI'OTOUS ASSEMBLING,^. In/air, the unlawful assembling of twelve or more persons, to the disturbance of the peace. If such persons do not disperse after procUmation, they are accounted felons. Riotous demolishing of build- ings or machinery is punishable by transportation for life, or any term not less than seven years, or by imprison- ment, with or without hard labour, for any terra not exceeding three yeai*s. RIP, V. i To swe:ir profanely; to be violent. [Vufgar.] RiPE, I', t. To search; as, to ripe one's pockets. [Scotch.] RIP'ENIXG, H. The act or state of be- coming ripe. RIP'FLE-.M.A.RKED,a. Having ripple- marks. [See Ripple.] RIP'PLET, n. A small ripple. RIP'FLINGLY, adv. In a rippling manner. i RISE.f ) n.[D.rtt,\]Ashoot;asprout; ' RISSE,t 3 a twig or bough. [Chaucer.] RISHE.t n. A rush. [Chaucer.] RISIBLE, instead of RISIBLE. RIS'lBLENESS,insteadof RI'SIBLE- NESS. RISIBLY, instead of RI SIBLY. RlS'ING, jjrep. Surpassing; exceeding; upwards of; as, it cost rising 3000 , dollars. Sometimes followed by of; \ as, rising of 1000 men were killed in the action. [Csed colloquially in the , United States.] 1 RISIi'Y, a. Dangerous; hazardous; full of risk. [Americanism.] ; RISO'RIAL, a. [L. risiis, laughter.] I^aughing ; causing laughter; as, the risorial muscle, which arises before the parotid gland, and proceeds to- ward the angle of the mouth. i RIST, for RisETH. [Chaucer.] RIT, for RiDETn. [Chaucer.] RITES, t ". plur. Manners. [B. Jonson.] RITT, ) V. t. To make an incision in the RIT, ) ground, with a spade or other instrument, as a line of direction for future delving or digging; to rip; to scratch ; to cut. [See Rut.] [Scotch.] RITT, \n. A slight incision made in the RIT, ) ground with a spade, &c. ; a scratch made on aboard, Otc. [Scotch.] RlV'AO;E,tn. [add.] A toll anciently paid to the crown on some rivers for the pas=a:-'e of boats or vessels therein. RiV'AGEjf n. Arrival. [Chaucer.] Rl'VAL, n. [add] Bivals, partners; companions. [Shah.] RlVE,t V. I. To arrive. RiVE,f pp. for Riven. [Spenser.] RlV'ELlNG,tp;>r.[5eeRiVEL.] Wrink- ling. [Chaucer.] RIV ER-DRIVER, n. In the state of Maine, America, a name given by lum- bermen to one whose business it is to conduct logs down running streams, to prevent them from lodgmg upon shoals or remaining in eddies. RIV'ERING,t ppr. Hawking by the river-side ; flying the hawks at water- fowl. RIV'ER-SXAIL, n. The species of the genus PaUulina, which are found in rivers and lakes, are so called. RIVET, n. [add.] In aiic. armour, a piece of steel having a hole in it, which passed through a slit or loop at the bottom of the tilting-helmet, or other extra guards worn over the armour, and through which a pin was hammered to secure it. RIZ'ZERED FISH, n. Half-salted, half-dried fish. {Sir W. Scott.] ROAD-BED, /I. The bed or foundation on which the superstructure of a rail- way rests. RO.\M, n. Act of wandering; a ramble. ROAN, n. A leather to imitate morocco, prepared from sheep-skin. ROAR ER,H. [add.] A wave ; a billow. [Shah.] ROAST, V. i. To become roasted or fit for eating at the fire. ROASTTNG, n. [add.] That culinary process by which meat is brought from i a raw to a cooked state, more directly i by the action of fire than by any other [ means, except that of broiling. Roast- , ed meats are more nutritive than those which are boiled. ROBE, n. [add.] In the United States, a dressed buftalo-skin. — A pach of robes is ten skins tied in a pack, which is the manner in which such skins are brought from the west to the American markets. ' — ^faster of the robes, [add.] This officer has several officers under him, as a clerk of the robes, a yeoman, three I grooms, a page, a brusher, furrier, ! sempstress, laundress, starcher, and , standing wardrobe - keeper, at St. James's, Windsor Castle, Hampton Court, Sec. Vnder a queen, the desig- nation of the officer is changed to that of mistress of the robes. ROBUR CAROLINUM, n. [L.] The Royal Oak, a modern southern con- stellation consisting of twelve stars. ROBUST'IOUSLY,ta£/L-. With vigour; sturdily. ROBUST'XOrSNESS.t \n. Vigour; ROBUST'UOUSNESS,! | muscular size and stren::th. ROCHE.f H. iPr.] A rock. [Otaucer.] ROCHE'-LIME, n. Quicklime: the de- signation of lime after it has been burned, and its properties changed. ROCHETTE, n. (roshet.) [Fr.J In anc. costume, a loose upper garment. [See Roc HEX. J ROCK, «. [add.] In geol., one or several rocks united by certain common cha- racters constitute a formation or con- nected series ; and several formations constitute a system of rocks. — In the southern and ivestern states of America, stones of any size are called rocks. ROCK, r. t. In the southern and icestern slates of America, to throw stones at; to stone. ROCK' -BOUND, a. Hemmed in by rocks. ROCK'ELAY, )h. A short cloak; a ROCK'LAY, ) roquelaure, — which see. [Scotch.] ROCKERY, H. A hillock formed of stones, earth, See, for plants. ROCK ET, H. St'€ Rochet in Diet., and RoKFTTE in this Supp. ROCK'-HEaRTED, a. Hard-hearted; unfeeling. ROCK'-LING, n. A species of fish of the cod family, the sea-loach; it be- longs to the genus Motella of naturalists. ROCK'-SAM PHIRE, n. A plant, the sea-fennel, Crithmum maritimum. [See I S.^MPH1RE.] ROCOCO, n. A debased variety of the Lonis-Quatorze style of ornament, pro- ceeding from it through the degeneracy of the Louis-Quinze. It is generally , a meaningless assemblage of scrolls 1 and crimped conventional shell-work, 340 wrought into all sorts of irregular and indescr.bable forms, without individual- ity and without expression. This term Rkoco Ornament. is sometimes applied in contempt to anything bad or tasteless in ornamen- tal decoration. ROD'-KNIGHTS, n. In feudal law, certain servitors, who held their land by serving their lord on horseback. RODE, n. for Raid, a foray. f5/>fn5er.] RODE,t n. [Sax. See Rood.] The cross; also called rode-becm, and rode-tree. [Chaucer.] RODE.fn. [5eeRL-D] Redness; com- plexion. [Chaucer.] RODY,t a. Ruddy. [Chaucer.] ROE, n. In cabinet-making, one of the kinds of figure in maliogany, being the alternate streak of light and shade run- ning with the grain, or from end to end of the log. ROFE.t \pret. ofRifeov i?uv. Thrust ROFTE.f f through. [Chaucer.] ROGGE.t V. |Sw. rugga.] To rock; to shake. | Chaucer.] R01GNE,t «. (roin.) [Fr.] A scab; mange; scurf. [Chaucer.] ROIGN OUS,t a. (roin'ous.) Scabby; rough. [Chaucer.] ROILY, a. Turbid; having the sedi- ment stirred up; excited to resentment. [American colloquialism.] R OIvE,t ) V. i. or t. To rock ; to shake ; ROKKE,-ri to tremble. [Chaucer.] 1{0KE'A6E, \ n. In America, Indian Y"OIvE'A6E, f corn parched, pulver- ized, and mixed with sugar. ROK'ETTE,t H. [See Rochet.] A loose upper garment. [Chaucer ]— 2. A spear, with its point or head covered, to prevent injury. [Froissart.] ROK ING.t ppr. of Roke or Rogge, Shaking; trembling. [Chaucer.] ROLL, n. [add.] A schedule of parch- ment that may be rolled up with the hand in the form of a pipe. All plead- ings, memorials, and acts of court are entered on rolls, and filed with the proper officers, and then they become the records of the court. — Boll of court, the court-roll in a manor, wherein the business of the court, the administra- tions, surrenders, names, rents, and ser- vices of the tenants, ai"e copied and enrolled. — Office of the chancery-rolls, an office in Chancery Lane, London, which contains rolls and records of the high courts of chancery, the master whereof is the second person in the chancery, &c. The rolls-court is here held when the master of the rolls sits during vacation. — Bolls of the exche- quer, rolls relating to the revenue of the country. — Bolls of Parliament, the manuscript registers of the proceedings of our old Parliament. — Bolls of the Temple. In each of the two Temples, there is a roll, called the cah-es'-head roll, wherein every bencher, barrister, and student is taxed yearly, at so much to the cook and other officers of the houses, in consideration of a dinner of calves'-head provided in Easter term. KONDELLE ROSE ROTULA ROLL, 1'. (. farlJ] To revolve in the mind ; to meditate. [.Sh'(/?.] EOL'LEIl, II. [add.] An implement by ^vhich printers ink their types. ROL'LICK, f. i To move in a careless, swaggei'ing manner, with a frolicsome air. IColloqiiial.] ROL'LICKING, i<,)r. or a. [add.] Moving in a careless or swaggering manner; frolicsome. [CoIIoquiai.] ROL'LING, ppr. or a. [add.] liollinri in the sense of undulating; having a regular succession of regular elevations and depressions, is peculiar to the wes- tern states of America. ROL'LING -FREIGHT, instead of ROLLING-FREIGHT. ROLLING-LANDS, instead of ROL- LING-LANDS. KOL'LING-STOCK, n. In railways, the carriages, vans, locomotive- engines, &e. ROMA'IC, a. Relating to the modern Greek language. ROMANCE', n. [add.] A chimera; a mere romantic idea. Virtue the 30118 of interest Jeem romance. Thomson. ROMANCE', a. Pertaining to the lan- guage whicli was formed by tlie mi.\ture of Latin with the languages of the bar- barous nations that overran the western Roman empire. RO.MAN'CIST, 71. A writer of romance; a romancer. ROMANESQUE'.instead of ROMAN- ESQUE, n. Pron. romanesk'. ROMANESQUE', a. In literature, be- longing to tile dialect of Languedoe, and some other districts of tlie south of France, a remnant of the old Ro- mance language. — In arch., relating to the debased styles subsequent to, and imitative of the Roman. [See the A'uttn.] ROM.\NESQUE'AU€HITE€TL'iiE, 7(. Round - arch architecture ; never thoroughly developed until Cliristian times. It falls into two great branches. Eastern and Western, or Byzantine and Lombardic ; changing respectively in process of time, witii certain helps from each other, into Arabian-Gotliic and Teutonic- Gotliic. Its most perfect Lombardic type is the Duomo of Pisa; its most perfect Byzantine (I believe), St. Mark's at Venice. Its highest glory is, tliat it lias no corruption. It perishes in giving birth to another architecture as noble as itself \Iiushin.] ROMAN'IC, a. Relating to Rome, the Romans, or the Romanesque language. RO'MANISH, a. Relating to Roman- ism. RO-MANSCH', H. A corruption of the Latin, spoken in the (orisons of Swit- zerland, a dialect of the Itomance, or Romanesque, and called also Rumonsch. ROMAN'TICAL, a. Same as Roman- tic. [T-it. us.] ROMANTICIST, n. One imbued with romanticism. ROMAUNC'ES-RE'ALES,t n. phir. Royal romances; romances relating to kings. {Chaucer.] ROAl'BEL,t ". [See Rumble.] A rumbling noise; a rumour. [Chaucer.] RO-MBOW LINE, n. Among seamen, condemned canvas, rope, &c. KOMEjf V. i. To roam ; to walk about. [Chaucer.] RONDEL,;?, ."^ce Ronple. ROX'DEL.f n. A roundel, or roun- delay. [Chaucer.] RONDELLE, n. (rondell'.) [Fr.] A roundel ; a circular shield, about three feet in diameter, which, in ancient times, was carried by a foot-soldier. It had an aperture for sight, and an- other at the side, through which to thrust the point of the sword. RONE,tpr«(. of TJain. Rained [Chau- cer.] RON'ION, 1 ". (run'yon.) [Fr. ro.ine, RON'YON, ) roi/ne.] A mangy, scaliliy animal; a scurvy fellow; a drab. [Shah ] RONTS,t ". [See Runt.] Young bul- locks. [Spenser.] ROODE.t ». \See Rood.] The cross or crucitix. [Spenser.] ROOF ER, n. One who roofs, or makes roofs. ROOFING, n. [add.] The act of cover- ing with a roof. ROOF'LET, n. A small roof or cover- ing. ROOK'-WORJI, n. A species of worm or insect. ROOAI'ILY, «i?w. Spaciously. ROOPIT, a. Hoarse. [Scotch.] RUOST, n. [add.] A collection of fowls roosting together. ROOT, n. [add.] Among the old astro- nomers, a root or radix was any certain time taken at pleasure, from which, as an era, the celestial motions were to be computed. ROOTLESS, a. Having no root. Rope, n. [add.] The cordage used on board a vessel, for running rigging, iS:c. — Cable-laid or water laid rope, is formed by three smaller ropes laid up into one, and used for rope-cables, hawsers, towlines, warps, &c. — Shroud- rope is a finer quality of rope, used for standing rigging.— Upon the high ropes, elated; in high spirits. [Provincial.] — Haughty; arrogant. [Swift.] ROP EN,t pp. of Repe or Reap. Reaped. [Chaucer.] ROPE'-PUiMP, n. A macliinefor raising water, coiisisting of a hair-rope, having its ends joined together, and passing over a pulley fixed at the place to which the water is to be raised, and under anotlier pulley fixed below the surface of the water. The upper pul- ley being turned rapidly by a wincli, motion is given to tlie rope, and tlie water rises up along with the ascend- ing part of the rope, partly by adhesion, and partly by being retained by the projecting fibres of the rope. Tlie more rapidly the winch is turned, tlie greater the quantity of water raised, or the greater tlie height to which it will rise. ROP'ER, n. [add.] A rope-maker. ROPE'-ROLL, n. A hollow cylinder fixed on an axle, around wliich either single or endless ropes or bands are passed, for the purpose of communi- cating motion to other parts of a ma- chine. ROP'ING-IN, rpr. Cheating. [Ame- rican colloquialism.] ROP'ISH, a. Tendingto ropiness ; ropy. ROSAC'It', instead of ROSAS'IC, a. ROSAL'GAR.t n. [Port.] Realgar,— which see. [Chaucer.] ROS'AMBOLE, )i. See Rocameolk. ROSE, n. [add.] Cabbage-rose, the Rosa centifulia, called also Provence rose ; French rose, the Rosa gcdlica ; dog- rose, the Rosa canina ; Christmas-rose, the Hellehoms niger. — In ancient cos- tume, tlie term roi-e was applied to the tie or rilianded ornament of the hat- band, garter, and shoe. — Rose is tlie name given to a kind of strainer, con- sisting of a metallic plate, of a hemi- spherical form, perforated with small holes, and sometimes placed upon the 311 heel of a pump, &c. — Rose is also the name given to the hemispherical top of the spout of a watering-pot. It is per- forated with small holes, for the pur- pose of distributing the water. ROSE-BEETLE, 1 ». A well-known ROSE'-FLY, j coleopterous in- sect, the Cetonia aurata, which fre- quents roses. RoSE'-€.iMPHOR,n. Oneofthetwo volatile oils composing attar of roses. It is a stearoptene, and is solid. R0SE-€AMPION, n. A plant, the Lychnis rosea. ROSE'-CH.-VFFER, n. The name com- monly given in this country to the rose-beetle or rose-fly. [See Rose- Beetle in this Snpp.] The rose-chaffer of the United States is the Macrodac- tyhts suhspinosus, a smaller coleopter- ous insect, of the family Melolonthida?. ROSE'-C'UT, a. In jewelry, an epithet applied to sucli precious stones as are cut with a smooth round surface, in distinction from such as have nume- rous facets. ROSE'-FISH, 71. The Norway haddock. RoSE'-FLY, ;i. See Rose-Beetle in this Supp. ROSE -KNOT, n.Anornamental bunch of ribbons plaited so as to represent a rose. ROSE'-LATHE, n. 5cc Rose-Engine. RO'SEN,t a. Rosy. [Chaucer.] ROSE'-PINK, 71. A pigment prepared by dyeing chalk or wliiting with a de- coction of Brazil-wood and alum. RO SER,t n. A rose-bush. [Chaucer.] RoSE'-RED, a. Red as a rose. ROSETTE', 71. [add.] .A.n imitation of a rose by ribbon, used as an ornament or badge — In arch. [See Rose, Rosette.] ROSE'-WOHT,;!. Same as Rose-Root, . — which sec. RO SIED, a. Adorned with roses or their colour. ROSS, 71. In A^cio England, the rough scaly matter on the surface of the bark of certain trees. It is an accumulation of epidermis.— In England, a local term for the refuse of plants. RO'SY, V. t. To redden ; to make of a rose colour. [Shah.] RO'SY-DKOP, n. Caibuncled face; a disorder in which the face is covered with red protuberances, called in Ire- land grog-blossoms. ROTAL, a. Rotary; pertaining to cir- cular or rotatory motion. — Rotal action of affinity, a term applied to the induc- tive action of alfinity, as exhibited in the voltaic circle, in which it assumes a circular direction or return upon it- self. RO'T.VRY ENOINE, n. See under Rotatory. ROTE.t n. A root.— .V rote, in astrol. [See Root in this Supji.] [Chaucer.] ROTE,t V. i. To rot. [Chaucer.] ROTELLI'NyE, n. Wheel-shells, a subfamily of the Trochidie, named from the genus Rotella (dimin. of rota, a wheel) They are perlaceons, and nearly discoid in shape, with a thickened mass over the inner lip. ROTEN.tw). Rotted. [Chaucer.] ROTH'EK.t "■ [Sax.] The rudder of a ship. [Chaucer.] R0TH'ER-S01L,t ". The dung of rother-beasts. RO'TIFORM, a. Shaped like a wheel. ROT'TEN, 77. A rat. [Scotch.] ROTULA, 11. [L., dimin. of rota, a wheel.] In anut., the knee pan. — Also, a preparation of sugar and a volatile oil, called a lozenge or a drop. KOTE KUBRIC RULE ROTDND'NESS, n. Same as Rotcn- DITV. KOTUXDO, n. Same as RoTnsDA. ROUGE-DRAGON, r. (rozh-.) [Fr.] A herald. ROUGH-€ASTER, n. (ruf-kaster.) One who rouuh-casts. EOUGir- HEWER, n. (ruf-huer.) One who rough-hews. ROUGH lES, «. M'ithered boughs; torches used in fisliing; dried heatli. [Scotch.] ROCGH'-TREE, n. A tree or spar un- hewn or unfinished. ROUIvE.t f. !■ [See KucK.] Tolie close. [Chaucer.] ROULE.t !•• '■ To roll; to run easily. \ Chancer.] ROULETTE, n. [add.] (ro-lCf .) A tool used by engravers for producing dotted work, it consists of a small wheel having finely-pointed teeth, which, being rolled along the surface, produce a series of indented impressions on the metal-plate. ROUM,t ". Room; space. [Chaucer.] ROUM.t a. Wide; spacious. [Chau- cer.] ROUM'ER. a. compar. 'Wider; more roomy. [Chaucer.] ROUN, ) n. Letters; characters; a EOUNE, ) tale; a story; speech in j general. [.Scotch.] ] ROUN'CIE,t ". [Uarb. L. rtmcinus.] A common hackney-horse. [Chaucer.] ROUND, a. [add.] To take a round turn of a rope, in marine Inn., to pass it completely round anything, in order that it mav hold on. ROUND, adi: [add.] From first to last ; without exception ; as, she named the ancient heroes round. [Stcift.] ROUND, r. (. [add.] To travel or pass circuitousl>;as,toroM)irfapark.[Sic(fi'.] ROUND ED, /ip. or «. Made circular, spherical, or cylindrical ; having grown or become round. — In Shak.y sur- rounded. ROUND-HOUSE, n. [add.] An erec- tion abaft the mainmast, for the ac- commodation of the officers or crew of a. vessel. — In ships-of-wnr, the poop is so named ; hence the beams on which it rests are called round-house beams. ROUND'ING, ppr. [add.] Telling secretlv. [i*^Art/i.] ROUND'-KOBINS, n.Tn anc. costume, narrow ruffs about the doublet-collar. ROUPTNG, ppr. Auctioning; expos- ing to sale by auction. — Rouping-u-ife, a saleswoman ; a woman who attends roups, and purcliases goods for the pur^l0^e of selling them ;\gain. [.SrofcA.] EOUP'IT, ( i>;>. Sold by auction. ROUP'ED,* [Sco(c/i.] ROUSE, n. [add.] Excess of drinking; a carousal. [5A«A.] ISoItIS:}^^- ''^'^'- 1^-'^"-^ ROUST'Y, a. Rusty. [Scotch:] ROUTE.t n. A company. [See RoDT.] [Chaucer.] ROUTE,t c. ). To assemble in a com- pany. ROL'TE.t V. i. [Sax. hrutan ; Scotch, roirfe.] To snore; to roar; to low like an ox or cow. [Chaucer.] EOUTH,t ". [See Ruth.] Compassion; the object of compassion. [Chaucer.] ROUTHE'LES.t «■ Ruthless; without compassion. [Chaucer.] ROUT ING, ) ppr. Roaring; bellow- ROWT'ING.J ing: snoring. [Sco/c/i.] ROVDE.t pret. of Hove. Roved; fro- licked; toyed. [Spenser] ROVE, n. [add.J A ramble; a wan- dering. ROYE,t i: i. To shoot with a kind of arrows called rovers. ROVE'-BEETLES, n. The larger spe- cies of StaphylinidiB are so called, such as the Goerius olens; also called the deviFs coach-horse. ROVED.t pret. of Hove. Shot at with a rover. [5;>c"W.] ROV'ERS.t «■ pli"'. Arrows shot with a certain degree of elevation, generally at 4-5°. There were marks on the tar- get also so called. ROVING, ppr. or a. Raving; deli- rious ; in high spirits ; full of fun and frolic. [Scotch.] ROW, )i. An excursion taken in a boat with oars. ROW, n. A roll ; a list ; a roll of bread. [.Sco(c/i.] ' " "' [add.] A line of writing. ROW [Chaucer. ROW.t ROWE.t a. [D.ro!iic.]Rough. [Chau- _, , . cer.] ROW,t i: t. [Fr. rouer.] To smooth, perhaps by rolling, as clothes. ROW, V. t. or !. To roll; to wind; to revolve. [.^Cf/^c/t.] ROW, V. t. To arrange in a line; to set or stud with a number of things ranged in a line; as, a necklace rowed with pearl. [ParnelL] ROWED, i);). Rolled. [Scotch.] ROWING, H. The act of impelling a boat bv oars.— In Scotch, rolling. ROWND,t «• A round; a kind of dance. [Spenser.] ROWNE,t \v. i. [Sax. runian. See KOUNE.t ) Round.] To whisper. ( Chaucer. \ RO WTE, V. I. To bellow ; to roar like a bull. [Scotch] ROY'AL, a. Tadd ] lioiia! assent. [See AssETiT. ] — P.oi/al fishes, whales and sturgeons, which belong to the crown when thrown on shore —Rotjal stitch, an old operation for the cure of in- guinal hernia, which consisted in put- ting a ligature round the neck of the sac, till adhesive inflammation was ex- cited.— /fo.va( burghs, incorporations in Scotland created by royal charter, giving jurisdiction to the magistrates within certain bounds, and vesting cer- tain privileges in the inhabitants and burgesses. A burgh is called a roi/al burgh if it hold of the crown ; but if it hold of a subject it is termed a burgh of barons/. ROY'AL, H. [add.] A gold coin worth ten shillings, formerly current in Eng- land. ROy.-i.LS. n. .\ distinctive name for the first regiment of foot in the British service. ROYALTIES, ?i. plur. Regalities; roval property. ROYNE,t i: i. [See Kotne, v. f.] To growl. [5i)C/iser.] RUBBING, ». Act of rubbing, scour- ing, or polishing. RUBBIT, pp. Robbed. [Scotcli.] RUB BLE STONE, I n .A name given RUBBLE, j by quarryraen to the upper fragmentary and decom- posed portion of a mass of stone. Ap- plied also to water-worn stone. RUBBLE-WALL. n. .V wall built of rubble-stones. [See Rubble-Work.] RUB'BLY, a. Abounding in small ir- regular stones: containing rubble. RU BEUS.t ". See Puella in this Supp. RU BINS.t '"■ ;'''""■ Rubies, RU'BKIf, n. [add.] The order of the liturgy of the Catholic chnrch, and of tlie Protestant Episcopal church. yi2 RUBRI"CI.\N, n. One versed in the rubric ; an adherent or advocate for the rubric. RUB-STONE, n. .\ stone to scour or sharpen. RUClv'EX.t f- '■ pres. tense plur. of Ruch. [ Chaucer, j RUCIv'ING,t ppr. of Ruch or Rouhe. Lying close. [Chaucer.] Rlj D.\S, n. .\ haggard old woman. [Scotch.] RUDDE,t n. [See RcD.] A ruddy colour; comple.xion. [Chaucer.] RUDDER, n. [add] Rudder bands, rudder-braces, or rudder-irons, the hinges on which a rudder turns. — Rudder-case, or rudder-trunk, a casing of wood, fitted or boxed firmly into a round holecalled the /it/m-port, through which the rudder-stock is inserted. — Rudder-chains, same as rudder-pen- dants. — Rudder-stoch, the main portion or stern of the rudder ; it is connected to the stern-post by the rudder-bands. The upper end, into which the tiller is fitted, is called the rudder-head. — — Instead of " Rudder-shochs,'' read Rudder-chocks. RUD'DOUK.t n- Sec Ruddoc, RUD'JIAS-D.\Y,t >'■ I Sax, rode, a cross.] The feast of the Holy Cross. RUELL'-BONES, n. [See Ruet.le.] In anc. cosdfme. small bone rings, studs, or buttons, affixed to the girdle or bead-dress. RUFF, n. [add.] The top of a loose boot turned over. [Shak.]—Ru,ffs, poking- sticks of steel. [SAaA.]— In >nec/i., an annular ridge formed on a shaft or other piece, commonly at a journal, to pre- vent endlong motion. Thus, o, a, are ruffs limiting the length of the journal b, to which the pillows or bi-asses are ^ a exactly fit- XT Th , ted, so that [ ^ \ il > the shaft is '^ b prevented from moving on end. Ruffe sometimes consist of separate rings fixed in the positions intended by set screws, &c. Thev are then called loose ruifs. RUF'FIN.-i- [ Spenser. \ RUF'FIN.t [Spenser.] RUFFLE, V ruffles. RUG, n. [add.] .V dog-cheap bargain. [Scotch.] RUGA, n. [L.] .A. wrinkle. RUG GING, Pi>r. Palling roughly. [Scotch.] , , ^^ RUG'GY',t ■'• Rugged ; rough. [Chau- cer.] RU GINE, n. [add.] An instrument for removing the diseased surface of bones. RUINABLE. a. That may be ruined. RtriN.\TE,t >:■ '• To fall; to tumble. [S/ienser.] R y ■ IN ATE.t PP- Overthrown ; brought to ruin. [Si,'e)!ser.] RUING, n. Act of grieving; lamenta- tion. . RyL'.\BLE, a. [add.] That may be rilled; governable. RULE, n. 7. [add.] Formerly each court of common-law issued its own general rides, without much regard to the prac- tice in the other courts ; but of late the obiect has been to assimilate the prac- tice in all the courts of commou-law.— Rules of course, those which are drawn up by the proper officers on tlie autlio- rity of the mere signature of council; or,"in some instances, as upon a judge s fiat, or allowance by the master, &c.. [L. rufus.] Reddish, .•1. A ruffian; a rufBer. . t. [add.] To adorn with SABLE SACCHOLATE SACQTJE without any si^'nature by counsel. Itules which ai*e not of course are grantalile on the motion, either of the party actually interested, or of his counsel. — A nth (a show caitsr, or a Ttde nisi, means that unless the party against whom it has been obtained shows sufficient cause to the contrary, the rule, which is conditional, will be- come absolute. RULE,t for Realm. [Spenser.] KULE'LESS, a. Being without rule. RULESSEM a. Without rule; lawless. [Spenser.] RULaNGLY, adv. Controllingly. RULLaCHIES, n. [D.] In New York, chopped meat stuft'ed into small bags of tripe, which are tiien cut into slices and fried. RUL'LION, n. A shoe made of untan- ned. leather; a coarse-made masculinn woman; a rough ill-made animal, [Scotch.] RUM'-BUD, ji. A carbuncle on the nose or face, caused by excessive drinking; a grog-blossom. [American.] RUMGUMP'TIOUS, a. Sturdy in opinion ; rough and surly. [Provincial and vulgar.] RUM'MAGER, n. One who rummages. Ry'MOUROUS,t a. Famous; notori- ous. RUMP-FED, a. Fed on offals: [Shah.] RUM'PUS. n. A riot; a quarrel; con- fusion ; a great noise ; disturbance. [Vulgar colloquialism.] RUN, V. i. [add] To run riot, to go to the utmost excess. — To run on, to press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasms ; to bear hard on. [American.] — To run out, to leak ; to let liquor es- cape. RUN, V. t. [add.] To discharge; to pour forth in a stream; as, the rivers 7*wn gold. [JiTilton.] —To run one's face, to make use of one's credit. [American.] — To run in, in printing, to place tlie carriage, witli tiie form of types, so as to obtain an impression. To run out, to withdraw the carriage after an im- pression. RUN, n. [add.] Seamen are said to be ejigaged on the run when they are shipped for a single voyage out or homeward, run uriinuy ; a run cargo. RUND, J H. A border; a selvag* RAND.V broad-rloth; aslired;ar ROON,) nant. [Scotch.] or from one port to another. — To let go by the run, in seamen^s phrase, to let go entirely, in place of slacking the rope and tackle by which anything is held fast. — To get the run upon owe, to make a butt of him ; to tiu"n him iuto ridicule. [American.] KUN, a. Liquefied; melted; clarified; as, run butter. — 2. Contraband; as, run brandy; a run cargo. ' ' selvage of rem- [Scotch.] RUNG, n. [add.j The round or step of a ladder. [Local] \i\J^GAMAT'rA,n.lnthe East Indies, a kind of earth of a deep red colour. RU'NIG, n. The language of the Goths, Scandinavians, and other ancient North- ern nations. [See the Adjective.] RUTIA, n. [Gr. pvT«, filth.] Sordid blain ; an eruption of Hat distinct vesi- cles, with the base slightly inflamed, containing a sanious fluid which con- cretes into thin and superficial scabs, that are easily rubbed off and soon reproduced. RUP'TURING, n. The act of breaking or bursting. — Rupturing or solubiliti/, in bof., the spontaneous contraction of a portion of the pericarp, by which its texture is broken through, and holes formed for the discharge of the seeds, as in Campanula. RU'RAL DEANERY, n. The circuit of jurisdiction of the archdeacons and rural deans. Every rural deanery is divided into parishes. The duties of rural deans are now generally discharg- ed by archdeacons, the order of rural deans being now almost extinct, though their deaneriesstill subsist as an ecclesi- astical division of the diocese or arch- deanerv. RUSH-BROOM, «. A plant of the genus Viminaria. RUSH'-GRASS, n. A sort of coarse grass. RUSH'-MAT, n. A mat composed of rushes. RUSH'-NUT, n. A plant, the Cyperus eseulenfus. RUS'SEL.t n. A woollen cloth, first manufactured at Norwich. RUS'SEL,f ;(. Dan Ritssel, a na.me p;\ven to the fox, perhaps from his red colour. RUS'SETINGS,t n. Clowns; low people whose clothes were of a russet colour. RUST, n. In mech., a composition of iron -filings and sal-ammoniac, with sometimes a little sulphur, moistened with water and used for filling fast joints. The composition, after a time, becomes very hard, and takes thorough hold of the surfaces between which it is placed. A joint formed in this way is called a rust-joint. RUSTICITY, n. A rustic or clownish form of expression. [Addison.] RUS Tli'LY, adv. In a rustic manner. RUS'TLE,7i. The noise of things shaken; a rustling. RUST'Y, a. [add.] Rough; hoarse; grat- ing; as, a rustt/ voice. RUS'TY-DAB, h. In the United States, the popular name of a flat-fish of the genus Platessa(Cuv.), found on the coast of Massachusetts and New York, in deep water. RUT, V. t. [add.] To cut; to penetrate in ruts, as roads; to cover; to tup. RUTTED, pp. Cut or penetrated in ruts. [See the verb To Rut,] RUT'TER. n. One that ruts. RUT'TISUNESS,H.Thestateorquality of being ruttish. RUT'TY,a. Fullof ruts; cut by wheels. RTIT'TY,t «. for Rooty. Full of roots. [Spenser.] RYAC'OLITE, instead of RYA'CO- LITE. RYB'AULD,t n. See Ribald. [Spen- ser.] RYNXHOPS, 71. See Rhynchops in this Sujip. RYND, \n. In a coni-7«i7/,astrong piece RIND, ( of iron inserted in the hole in the centre of the upper and moving millstone. The upper end of the spin- dle, which passes through the nether- millstone, and which is driven by the machinery, is fixed into the rynd, and thus gives motion to the upper-mill- stone. [Pr ovine ill?.] RYTH,t H. A ford. RYV'EN.t pp. [See Rive.] Torn; plucked. [Speiiser.] s. SAE K""-/- ^^^^ "^^^''- ^^- [Scotch] SAB.^'AN, n. Same as Sabian. SABiE'ANISM. 77. Same as Sabaism and Sabianism. SABA'OTH, instead of SAB'AOTH. SABBATA'RIAN, 77, [add.] Of or be- longing to Sabbatarians. SAB'BATH- DAY'S JOURNEY, n. The distance which the Jews were per- mitted to travel from, and return to their places of residence on the Sab- bath-day. It appears to have vaiied at different times, and in different circumstances; but it was probably seldom more than the whole, or less than three-fourths of a geographical mile, SABI'NiE-FOLIA, n. Savin-leaves; the leaves of the Juniperus sdbina, em- ployed as an emmenagogue. S A'BLE, V. t. To darken ; tu make black, sad, or dismal. II.— Sum*. SA'BLE-MOUSE, n. A name applied to the lemming. SABOT', 77. [add.] Pron. .sabo'. SAC, n. [add.] In nat. hist., a bag; a pouch ; a receptacle for a liquid. — In anat., a term applied to a small natural cavity ; as, the lacrymal sac ; or to a morbid cavity; as, a hernial sac. — Sac of the emhri/o, the name given by A. Brongniart to a fifth membrane, whicli sometimes occurs in the ovule of plants. It is otherwise termed tlie vesicula amnios, or the additional membrane. SACCHARINE MATTER, n. That portion of vegetable substances which is sweet to the taste, or which is cap- able of becoming sweet under certain circumstances, or by certain manipula- tions. SACXHARIZE, v. t. To form into sugar. SACCHOLATE, n. A salt formed of saccholactic acid and a base. 343 SACCULE, 77. [L. saccidus.] A little sac or sack. SACERDO TALISM. n. The spirit of the priesthood. SA'CER-IG'NIS, n. An old name for erysipelas. S ACH'ELLES,t n. pi. [See Satchel.] Small sacks or bags. [Chaucer.] SA'CUEMSIIIP, 77. The office or juris- diction of a sachem. SACK. 77. [add.] A name now applied to a kind of sweet wine. SACK AND FORK, n. [L. fussa el furca.] Pit and gallows; the power of drowning and hanging. [Scotch.] [See Pit and 'I'dliurs under Pit.] SACK-lVoUU'LING, 7V'r. Playing on the bagpipe. [Scotch.] SACK'ED-FRERES,) n. Friars wear- SAC-FRERES, " ) ing a large, loose, coarse, upper garment, called saccus. SACQUE, n. (sak.) A loose, silken cloak, 8 F SAFE SAIGA. SALAAM or appendage, used by ladies about the middle of the ISth century. It was fasteued behind the shoulders, and reached to the ground. SA'€RE,t V. t. [Fr.] To hallow: to dedicate ; to devote to ; to set apart for the honour, service, or worship of. SA'€RE,t n. A sacred solemnity. [Chaucei:] SA't'RED, a. [add.] Accursed ;t dedi- cated to ill or mischief. f — Judicial; sent by the Deity; as, sacred thirst of gold ; sacred sons of vengeance. [•Dry- den, Thomson.] SACRIFICE, n. [add.] An animal or any other thing presented to God, and burned upon the altar, as an acknow- ledgment of his power and providence, or to make atonement for sin, appease his wrath, or conciliate his favour, or to express thankfulness for his benefits. Animals offered in sacrifice are called victims : sacrifices in which no blood is shed, are called unbloody sacrifices. SA'CRO. In anat., a term applied to parts connected with the os sacrum ; as, sacroiliac symphysis, 5f/cro-spinal liga- ment, sacro- vertebral angle. — Sacro- lumbalis, a muscle arising from the sacrum, &c., and inserted into the angles of the six lower ribs. SACROSANCT, or SA'€RO SANCT, a. SACRUM, H. [add.] This bone derives its name from its having been offered in sacrifice, and hence considered sa- cred. SAD, a. [add.] Grave in countenance and deportment. — With sad sober cheare, with sad sober cheerfulness ; with a grave and modest countenance. — Sad semblant, grave countenance. [ Spenser. ] SAD 'DA, n. A work in the Persian tongue, being a summary of the Zenda- vesta or sacred books. SADDLE-HORSE, n. A horse used for riding with a saddle. SAD'DUCIZE, I', i. To conform to the Sadducees. SAD'DUCIZING, a. Adopting the principles of the Sadducees; as, Saddtt- cizinrj Christians. SADE,t rt. {See Sad.] Grave; steady; sorrowful; repentant. [Chaucer.] SAD'-EYED, a. Having a sad coun- tenance. [5/if A.] SAD'-HEARTED, a. Sorrowful; me- lancholy. [Shak.] S,\D'LY.arfi'. I add. j Steadily; carefully; deeply. [ Chancer.] SAD'NESS,n. [add.] Steadiness. [Chau- cer.] SAFE, r.. [add.] A fire-proof chest or closet for containing money, valuable papers, kc. SAFED, pp. Made safe. [Shah.] SaFE'-PLEDGE, n. In law, a surety appointed for one's appearance at a day assigned. SAF'FLOW, n. Same as Safflower. SAF'FRON, n. Tadd.] Hay-saffron, the stigmata of the Crocus sativus, with part of the style, carefully dried. — Cahe-saffron, cakes made of safflower and gum -water. SAG, V. I. [add.] To sink in the middle when supported at both ends, as a long piece of timber; to arch downwards, as the middle part of the keel and bottom of a ship, to sink down by its weight ; to hang heavy or on one side ; to fail; to swag. — In a figurative sense, to bend or sink; to fluctuate; to waver; as, the mind shall never sag with doubt. [Shah.] SAG, n. The state or act of sinking in the middle when supported at both ends. [See Sagging. I SAG'APEN, n. See Sagapesum. SA'GAR, n. A species of ancient wea- pon. SxA.GE,a. [add.] Grave; solemn. [Shak.] SAGG, V. i. To bend or sink down. [Shah.] [See Sag.] SAG'GING, «. [add.] The act of sink- ing or hanging down ; the state or act of sinking in the middle, when sup- ported at both ends, as a long pole; the arching downwards of the middle part of the keel and bottom of a ship. SA(>'INATE,t V. t. [L. sagino, to fat- ten, to feed] To pamper; to glut; to fatten. SAGITTA, n. [L.] The Arrow, a northern constellation, consisting of eighteen stars. — In zool., a curious genus of heteropodous moUusca, found in the ocean. Some naturalists place it with the Annulata. SAG'ITTARV,f n. An ai-senal or repo- sitory of arrows. [5A«A.] SAGUE'RUS, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Palmaceie. S. saccharifer, the goniuti palm, inhabits tropical Asia. Gomuti-putm, Sague^'iu tacdiarifer. It yields a saccharine fluid abundantly, and also sago. It is likewise a great source of palm-wine. SA'GUS, n. A genus of plants. [See Sago.] SA'HIU, n. In the East Indies, a person of distinctiuii : a white gentleman, or European master. SAIE, for SEiE,t pret. of Se {See). Saw. [Chaucer.] SAl'GA, 71. A species of antelope, Saiga 344 tartarica, or Antilope colusy which is found in some parts of Russia and Siberia. It has a singular compressed, elevated nose. Sail, v. t. [add.] To direct or mauage I the motion of a vessel ; as, to sail one's own ship. SAlLE.t V. t. To assail. [Chaucer.] SAlLES,t n. plur. [See Sail, No. 2.] AVings. [Spenser.] SaIL'-FISH, n. A name given to the basking-shark {Squalas maximus), from its habit of swimming on the surface of the water with its dorsal fin exposed, somewhat like the sail of a ship. SaIL'-HOOK, 11. A small hook used for holding the seams of a sail square in the act of sewing. SAlL'lNG,n. [add.] Great-circle sailing^ the method of determining a series of points in an arc of a great circle be- tween two points on the surface of the earth, for the purpose of directing a ship's course as nearly as possible on such arc : that is, on the curve of short- est distance between the place from which she sets out, and that at which she is to arrive, — Oblique sailing, the method of determining the position of a ship by observing with a compass the bearings of two or more objects on the shore, whose places are given on a chart, and drawing lines from those places, so as to make angles with their meridians equal to the observed bear- ings. The intersection of the lines gives on the chart the position of the ship. — Traverse- sailing. [See under Traverse. J — Current -sailing , the me- thod of determining the true motion of a ship, when, besides being acted upon by the wind, she is moving in a current. — Windicard-sailing, the mode of navigating a ship, in which the navi- gator endeavours to gain a port situ- ated in the direction whence the wind is blowing. — Sailing-directions, direc- tions for navigating vessels to and from different ports, as to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the inter- jacent ports of Africa and South Ame- rica. SAILLE,t V. i. [Fr. saiiUr.] To leap; to dance. SAIL'OURSjf n. pi. Leapers ; dancers. [Chauctr.] SAlNEjf pres. tense pi. of Say. [Spen- se7\] SAlNE,forSEiNE,ti>P. ofSeiSee). Seen. [Chaucer.] SAINT AN DREWS CROSS, ». A North American slirub, the Ascyrum crux Andrecc (Limi.) Saint ISM, 7/. The quality or charac- ter of saints. [Rare.] SaINTLINESS, «. The quality of being saintly. SA'IO,t n. [Sax. sagol, a staff.] A tip- staff, or sergeant-at-arms. SaIR, a. Sore; painful; sorrowful; se- vere. [Scotch.^ SAIR, adv. Sorely; in a g^reat degree; very much. [Scotch."] SaIR, r. t. To serve; lo fit; to be large enough ; to satisfy, as with food. \Scotch.] SAIR'ING, \n. As much as satisfies, or SaIR'IN, ) serves the turn; enough. — As a participle, serving; satisfying. [Scotch. I SAIR'LY, adv. Sorely. [Scotch.] SA'JOUS, n. A division of American monkeys, generally called the weeping mo7ikeys, from the plaintiveness of their voice. [See S.\pajous.] SALaAM', n. See Salam. SAXAMBA SALPINGO-PHARYNGEUS SALUTAKILY L'ADE, ) n. LETT, \ d L'LET, ) fi A light helmet for sol- diers, first used in the fifteenth century. \_See {Chau- SAL'ADE, SAL SAL Sallkt SAL'AI>£S,t n. plur. Salads rpr.] SALaJI', n. [add.] In the East, an obeisance or salutation ; a compliment. I n the East Indies, the personal salam or salutation is an obeisance executed by bending the head with the body down- wards, in extreme cases nearly to the ground, and placing the palm of the right hand on the forehead. Sending a person your salam is equivalent to presenting your compliments. SAL'AMANDER, H. [add.] The com- mon salamander of Europe {Salaman- dra vulgaris) is a sluggish, clumsy reptile, six or eight inches long. It is found in moist places, under stones or European Sal3jnand';r, Suliinandra vulgaris- the roots of trees, near the borders of springs, in deep woods, &;e., and passes its life under ground, except during rains or at night, when it comes out. — In ships -of -war, a salamander is a piece of metal fixed in a suitable handle, and heated for the purpose of firing guns in saluting. — A large iron poker, which, being made red-hot, is used for lighting tires. SALAMAN'DRA, n. A genus of batra- chian reptiles. [See Salamander in Diet, and in this Supp.^ SALAM AN DRID.E, n. A family of batrachians, comprehending the sala- mander, the newts, and other species of long-tailed caudibranchiate reptiles. SALAM'BA, ??. A kind of fishing appa- ratus used on the banks near Manilla, fitted upon a raft composed of several tiers of bamboos. It consists of a rect angular net, two corners of which are attached to the upper extremities of extremities of the net are guided by a cord, which, being drawn towards the raft at the sametime that the long bamboos are elevated by the crane and counterpoise, only a small portion of the net remains in the water, and is easily cleared of its contents by means of a landing-net. SAL'ARY, V. t. To fix a salary ; to pay a salary or stipend to. SALE'NIA, n. A genus of echinoder- mata, remarkably prolific of species in the lower part of the cretaceous system. SALEWE',t \ V. t. [Fr. saluer.] To sa- SALUE',t J lute. [Chaucer.} SALEW'ED,t iw- [See Salewe m this Supp.\ Saluted. [Spenser.] SAL'IAUNCE.t^ n. [Fr. saillir.] As- SAL'lANCE.t ) sault or sally, [^/^e?*- ser.] SAL'ICINE, instead of SA'LICINE, n. SAL'IED,t pret of Sally. Sallied; leaped. [Speiiser.'] SAL'INE,) n. A dry, saline, reddish SAL'IN, ) substance, obtained from the ashes of potato-leaves. S ALTNE'NESS, v. State of being saline. SALINOM'ETER, n. [L. salimis, sa- line, and Gr. (/.it^ov. measure.] The name given to an apparatus contrived by Mr. J. Scott Russel, for indicating the density of brine in the boilers of marine steam-engines, and thus show when they should be cleansed, by blow- ing oft^ the deposit left by the salt-water, which tends to injure the boilers, as well as to diminish their evaporating power. SALI'NO-TERRENE', instead of SA- LI'NO TERRENE. SALrNOUS,rt. See Saline. SALI'VAL, \a. [add.] The salivary SAL'IVARY, i glands are three in number, and are situated on each side of the face, behind and beneath the lower jaw. They are the parotid, the sub -maxillary, and the sub -lingual glands. SALMAGUN'DI, n. [add.] A mixture of various ingredients ; an olio or medlev. [TV. Irving.] SAL MAR'TIS, n. [L. salt of Mars.] Green sulphate of iron. SAL'MO, n. A genus of malacoptery- gious fishes, containing many species, the most important British species of which is S. salar, the salmon of our rivers. [See Salmon.] In the North two long bamboos tied cross-wise, their lower extremities being fastened to a bar on the raft, which acts as a hinge ; a movablepole,arranged with a counter- poise as a sort of crane, supports the bamboos at the point of junction, and thus enables the fishermen to raise or depress the net at pleasure. The lower American rivers there are also five species distinct from ours. SALOON', «. [add.] The main-cabin of a steam-vessel or passenger-ship. SAL'PIANS, n. An order of tunicated molluscs, which has the genus Salpa for its type [See Salpa. 1 SALPIN'GO-PHARYN (5EUS,77.[Gr. 345 ffaATJ>| a tube or trumpet, and 9«{u>-£, the pharynx.] In anat., that part of the palato-pharyngeus which arises from the mouth of the Eustachian tube. SALSEP ARINE, n. Same as Smil.a- CINE. SALSIFY, ». See Salsafy. SALSIL'LA, n. A plant of the genus Alstroenieria, the A. salsilla, a native Sulsilla. AUtiamena iulsilla. of Peru. It has tuberous roots, which are eaten like the potato ; and is diapho- retic and diuretic. SALT, 7?. [add.] Permanent salts, those which undergo no change on exposure to the air. — Decrepitating salts, those which burst when heated, with a crack- ling noise, into smaller fragments, as the nitrates of baryta and lead. — Na- tive salts, mineral bodies resembling precious stones or gems in their exter- nal character, and so named to distin- guish them from artificial salts. — Esseti- Hal salts, those wlrichare procured from the juices of plants by crystallization. — Fixed salts, those which are prepared by calcining, then boiling the matter in water, straining off the liquor, and eva- porating all the moisture, when the salt remains in the form of a powder. — Volatile salts, such as are procured principally from animal substances or the fermented parts of plants, as tlie subcarhonate of ammonia. — Fusible salt, the phosphate of ammonia. — Salt of wisdom, a compound muriate of mercury and ammonia. SAL'TATE, r. i. [L. salto.] To leap; to jump; to skip. SALTATO'RES, n. See Saltigrades. SALTATO'RIA,n. A family of orthop- terous insects, which have the four anterior legs simple and short, and the two hind-legs long, and formed for leaping. It includes the crickets, grasshoppers, locusts, &c. Sj^LT'-DUTY, h. In London, a custom called granage, payable to the Lord- Mayor, &c., for salt brought to the port of London, being the twentieth part. SALTIG'RADA, /?. See Saltiurades. SALT'IGRADE, a. Leaping; formed for leaping. SALT-IN B AN'€0, instead of SALT'- IN-BANtO. SALT-WATER, a. Relating to, or used at sea. SALU'ED.f pp. Saluted. [Chancer.] SALU'INGES,! n. plur. Salutations. [Chaucer.] SAL'UTARILY, adv. ISIisplaced: see after Sai-utatorily. SANDARACHTUEE SAXD-WASP SAPPHIKINE SALU'TATORT.t n. Place of greet- ing. SALUTE', n. [add.] Hoyal salute, a sa- lute given to the sovereign or any of the royal family. It consists in firing twenty-one guns. — In numismatics^ a coin made by Henry V. after his con- quests in France, whereon the arms of England and France were stamped and quartered. SALUTIF EROUSLT, adi}. In a salu- tiferous manner. SALVAGE, n. [add.] This term is also applied to the goods or thing saved. S.VLV'A6E,t «. [Old Fr. saulvwje.] Savage; rude; cruel. SAL'VA(iESSE,t n. [See Savage.] Savagenes-^ ; wildness. — Salcatiesse sa»s finesse, wildness witliout art. [Spei^er.] SXLVE, 71. [add. | Pron. salv or siiv. SALVE, I', t. [add.] Pron. siilv or siiv. SXLV'£D,ti'i>. [5ee Salve.] Saluted. [Spenser.] SAL- VOLATILE, instead of SAL- VOL'ATIT.E. Pron. volat'-i-le. SAM.t adv. [.See Same.] Together. [Spenser.] SAMAM', n. In the East Indies, a show or spectacle. SAM'AUE, ( H. Innnc. co^h/me, a lady's SEM'NATl, ) jacket, having a loose body and four side-laps or skirts ex- tending to the knee; the sleeves short, cut to the elbow, turned up, and faced. S.\M'AROID, n. Kesembling a samara. [See Samara.] SAM'BO, In. The progeny of an In- ZAM'BO, ) dian and a negro. SAM'BRE, 71. In the East Indies, the name given to the Indian elk {Rusa aristotelis). Us horns sometimes weigh twenty-five lbs., and do not attain their full size till the eighth year of the animal. This species inhabits the great forests of Northern India, and the mountains above them. SAM'BUKE, 71. [L. sambiical A mu- sical stringed instrument of a triangu- lar form, supposed to be so named be- cause made of the sambucus, or elder- tree. SAME, n. A heap; amass. [Shak.] SAM'EE, 11. A native East Indian man- servant. SAM'ITE, 71. [add.] In aiic. costnme, a rich silk stuff, interwoven with gold or embroidered. SAMPAN, 71. [add.] In the East, a ge- neral name for a boat. SAM'PLER, 71. One who makes up and exhibits samples of cloth, sugar, &c., for the inspection of merchants, &c. SAM'PLING, 71. The act of making up samples, as of sugar, indigo. &c. SAM'SHU, 71. A Chinese spirit distilled from rice. SAN BENI'TO, instead of SAN BEN'- ITO. 6AN€TIMO'NIOUS, a. [add.] Sacred; holy; as, sanctimonious ceremonies. |5A«A.] SANCTIONING, instead of SANC- TIONING. SANCTUARY, 7i. [add.] By the act James I , c. 28, it was enacted that no sanctuary or privilege of sanctuary should thereafter be admitted or allowed in any case. SANC TUM SANCTORUM, 77. [add.] "The lioly of holies." The innermost or holiest place of the Jewish taber- naclecr temple. [See Holy.] SAN'DALLED, pp. Misplaced: see after Sandal-W(iui>. CAN DARACH-TREE,77. The CaHilris gtiadrivali'is, a native of the mountains of Morocco. It is a very large tree, with straggling branthes; the timber SaQdarach, CaU'tns qindr:i. SARGASSO, n. [Sp.] The Fucus nu- tans of Linnjpus (now called Sargassum mitans) ; gulf-weed, which is spread over a considei-able part of the surface of the Atlantic SAR'LINlSll.f \n. A species of silk; SAR'SlNl:. Climbed up to. [5j)CTu«-.l SCANDAL, n. [add.] OflFence given simply ; as, the scandal of the cross. [Atterbury.] SCANDINAVIAN, a Relating to Scandinavia, the ancient name of Swe- den and Norway; relating to the ancient literature of the northwest part of Eu- rope. SCANDINA'VIAN, n. A native of Scandinavia. SeANTILONE,t n. [Ft. echaniillon] A pattern ; a scantling. [Chaucer.] SCAPE-G.^LLOWS, ;i. One who has escaped the gallows, though deserving of it. SCIPHOI'DES, a. [See Sciphoid.] Resembling a boat or skift*; the designa- tion of a bone of the carpus and of the tarsus. It is synonymous with nartCH/ar, as applied to the .fns^a which separates the two roots of the anti-helix. SCAP TIN, n. A name given to a brown, almost tasteless substance ex- ti'acted from the Digitalis purpurea. SCAPL'LARY, a. Same as Scapulae. SCAR'AB. n. A beetle; a scarabee. SCARAB.E US, for SCARAB.EUS. SC.iRABEE, n. A beetle; an insect of the genus Scarabaeus, SC ARABEE,tn. A beetle. [See Sc.4RA- BvEvs.] [Spenser.] SCARCE, a. [add.] Deficient; as, a re- gion scarce of prey. [Milton.] — Spar- ine; stingy. [Chaucer.] SCXRD, n. A shard. [A'urt/i o/"£nf7/aHd ] SCARFED, pp. or a. [add.] Scarfed fcarA.a vessel gay with streamers.rSAoA.] SCARF'ING,;j;'r. Uniting two pieces of timber, end to end, so that they appear but one. SCARIFICATOR, instead of SCAR- IFICATOR. SCaR LESS. a. Free from scars. SCAR'LET-FISH, ti. A Chinese fish; 348 a. Having scars ; covered t. To scratch; to scrape. the telescope-carp ; so called from its red colour. SCtRLETIN.i, n. See Scablatina. SCaR'LET-LYCH'NIS, n. A plant,the Lychnis chalcedonica, an elegant bor- der-flower. SCARLET-RUNNER, n. The scarlet- bean, — ichich see. SCAR'LET-SU.MACH, n. A plant, the Bhlts glabra. SCARJIISHE,t ". [Fr. escarmouche.] A skirmish. ^Chaucer.] SC\R MOOES.t n. plur. [See Skik- MiSH.] Skirmishes. [Spenser.] SCXRPH. SceScABF. SCARRE, 71. [Scot, scaur] A rock; a precipitous clifF. [SAaft.J [See Scab, No. 4.] SCARRED, pp. In bot., marked by the scars left by bodies that have fallen off; the stem, for instance, is scarred by the leaves that have fallen. SC.XR RY, with scars, SCAKT, V [Scotch.] SCaRT, 71. A scratch ; n meagre, puny- looking person ; a niggard. [Scotch.] S C \ R T ) SGARTH ( "■ "'^ cormorant. [Scotch.] SCA RY, n. Poor land, having only a thin coat of grass. [Locat.^ SCAT, 71. [Sax. sceal, a tax.] Loss; da- mage; tribute; tax. [Scotch.] SCAT EBROUS, instead of SCA'TE- BROUS. SCATHE,t n [See Scath.] Harm ; da- mage. [Chaucer.] S€ ATHE'FUL,t ) a. Pernicious; in- SCATHE'Li'CHE.t ) jurious; destruc- tive: harmful. [Chaucer.] SCATHE LES,t a. Without harm or damage. ( Chaucer.^ SCAT -LAND, 7i. In Orkney,Und pay- ing the diitv called scat. SCATTERER. 7?. One who scatters. SCAT TERLINGS,t n.plur. Scattered or dispersed rovers or ravagers. [Spen- ser.] S€AUD,f. f. To scald. [Scotch.] SC.ii UD'ING, j>,"r. Scalding. [Sco(cA.] SCAUF-AND-RAFF, n. Rough plenty, without selection ; fun and frolic in plenty; refuse: rabble. [Scotch.] SCAULD, r. t. To scold. [Sco(cA.) SCaULD, 71. A scold. [ScofcA.] SCXUR, V. t. To scare; to frighten. [Scotch.] SCAUR, 71. A precipitous bank of earth overhanging a river; a cliff. [Scotch.] SCE'AT, 71. A small coin among the Saxons, equal to four farthings. SCELIDOTHE RIUM, n. [Gr. ^^Oj;, the thigh, and Sr;i" a beast] An ex- tinct animal of the megatherian type, exhibiting a transition to the ant-eater and armadillo. SCEL OTVRBE, 11. [Gr rj.A«, the leg, and Tyj^-.; commotion.] A contracted and palsied state of the limbs; an af- fection supposed to resemble sea-scurvy. SCEN'.IRY', 71. See Scesekt. SCEXE'FUL, a. Abounding in scenes, scenerv, or in imagery. SCENE'-PaINTER;, 71. One who paints scenes or scenerv for theatres. SCENE-PaINTING, 71. See under SCEXE. SCENT, V. i. To hunt animals by their scent. SCEP'TRE, and its derivatives, mis- placed : see after Scentless. SCEUNE.t V. t. [L. cemere.] Todiseern. [Spenser.] SCHAALEN-BLENDE, 77. Testace- ous blende; a sulphuret of ziuc, con- SCHNAPS SCIAGRAPHICALLY SCIURUS taining iron and lead. Found at Ge- roldseck in the Brisgau. SCHAAL'STEIN, instead of SCHA- ALSTEIN. Pron. shal'stene. SCHAH, u. (shK.) The sovereign of Persia. [See Shah. J SCHAR'-PENNY,t )n. A small duty SCHARN'-PENNY,t J or compensa- tion, anciently paid to tlie lord of the manor for the dung of cattle. SCH^UM - EARTH, h. Aphrite,— ivkick see. SC'HE'AT, n. A star of the third mag- nitude in the constellation Aquarius, SCHED'ULE, V. t. To place in a list or catalogue. SCHEELE'S GREEN, instead of SCHEELE'S GREEN. Pron. sheels green. SCHEEXIN. or SCHEE'LIUM, in- stead of S€HEE LIN, or SCHEE'- LIUM. SCHEE'LITE, n. A tungstate of lime. SCHEEL'-LEAD ORE, n. A tung- state of lead. S C H E E R ' E R I T E, instead of SCHEERERITE. SCHEIK, instead of SCHEIK. SCHEL'LING'S PHILOSOPHY, w. A system of philosophy which teaches the identity or indiiference of the ideal and real. It was first propounded by Schelling, a German philosopher, and seems to be directly opposed to the philosophy of Kant. SCHELM, 1 n. A rogue; a rascal; SHELM, V a low worthless fel- SCHEL'LUM, ) low. [Scotch.] SCHEL'TOPUSIK, instead oi SCHEL'TOPUSIK. SCHER'BET, n. See Sherbet. SJHER'ERITE, H. 6'ce Scheeberite SCHER'IF, instead of SCHER'IE. SeHERO'MA, H. [Gr. =^g5f, dry.J A dry inflammation of the eye. SOHET'lt*, a. [See Schesis.] Con- stitutional ; habitual. SCHIEF'ER SPAR, instead of SCHIEF'ER SPAR. SCHIL'LER SPAR,insteadof SCUIL'- LEH SPAR. SCHIRE'JMAN.H. A sherifl-'; the ancient name for an earl. SCHIST, instead of SCHIST, n. SCHISTIC, SCHIST OSE, SCHIST'- OUS, instead of SO HIST' IC, SCHIST'OSE, SCHIST'OUS. SCHIZ'OPODS, n. [Gr. tr^'i^, to cleave, and jroKj, a foot. J A tribe of long-tailed, decapod crustaceans, the legs of which are accompanied by an external arti- culated branch as loiig as the limbs, which thus appear double in number. They are all of small size, and marine. The JMysis, or opossum-shrimp, fur- nishes an example. SCHLEICHE'RA,7i. A genus of plants, nat. order Sapindaceai. The species are trees, with leaves abruptly pinnate, and small flowers disposed in spike- like racemes. S. trijuga is a native of insular and continental India, where its astringent bark, mixed with oil, is used as a remedy for the itch. SCHMELZ'STEIN, n. Another name for dipf/re. SCHAIIEDE'LIA, n. A genus of plants, sometimes called Ornitrophe,nat. order Sapindacea?. The species ai*e trees or shrubs, usually with trifoliate leaves, and racemose white flowei's. The fruit of S. sei'rata is eaten by the natives of Coroniandel, and the root is employed as a cure for diarrhoea, SCHNAPS, «, [D.] Schedam gin; a kind of Hollands. SCHNEIDER'IAN MEMBRANE, n. [add. I The pituitary membrane. SCHOLAST IC, a. [add.J Pertaining to the schoolmen, or philosophers and divines of the middle ages; as, scho- laslic theology or divinity, scholastic philosophy. Among the most distin- guished of the scholastics or schoolmen, were Alexander of Hales, Thomas Aquinas, Dun Scotus, and William Occam. They took their name from being teachers in schools of divinity, established chiefly by Charlemagne. Some of their fiercest contests related to the question of Realism and Nomi- nalism. SCHO'LIAST, n. [add.] A name given to the old grammarians and critics, who wrote on the margins of the ma- nuscripts of the Greek and Latin classics annotations called scholia, from being, as it were, the fruits of their leisure. [See Scholium. J SCHO'LION, 71. Same as Scholium. SCHOOL, a. Relating to a school or to education ; scholastic ; as, school di- vinity; a school divine. SCHOOL'-BOOK, h. A book used in schools. SCHOOL'-BRED. a. Educated in a school. SCHOOL -DIVINE', ri. One who es- pouses the scholastic theology ; one of the schoolmen. SCHOOL'-DIVINITY, n. Scholastic divinity or theology. SCHOOL'-MA'AM, ji. In New Eng- land, a schoolmistress. SCHOOL'- TAUGHT, a. Taught at or in school. SCHOOL'-THEOLO(5y,n. Scholastic divinity. SCHOON'ER, n. [add.J A fore-and-aft schooner has a square-sail which can be set when required. Her other sails are all fore-and-aft sails.— ^4 topsail schooner carries a square foretop sail, and often likewise a top-gallant sail and royal. [See cut in Diet. Schoon- er.] Some schooners have three masts, but they have no tops. SCHORL, \n. [add.J Common schorl SHORE, j" is a subspecies of rhom- boidal tourmaline. — Blue schorl, a va- riety of Haiiyne. — Bed and titanic schorl, names of rutile. — Schorl-roch, a rock in which crystals of schorl are added to the usual ingredients of granite. SCHOR'LOUS TOPAZ, n. Schorlite, — ichicli see. SCHOR LY, a. Relating to, or contain- ing schorl. — Schorly granite^ schorl- rock. [See Schorl in this Supp.] SCllREIGHT, n. (skret.) A fish. SCHROOE, n. A young or small cod- fish, split and salted for cooking. Writ- ten also strode. SCHWEIN FURTH GREEN, n. A beautiful and velvety-green pigment. It is poisonous, and was discovered in 1814 at Schweinfurth. SCl^NURUS, 71. A genus of fossil fishes, representing the perch and other allied forms. Its remains are very common in the London clay of the Isle of Sheppey. SCIAGRAPH, n. [5ee Sciagraphy.] The section of a building to show its inside. SCIAGRAPH'ICa. 5eeSciAGRAFHi- CAL. SClAGRAPH'ICALLY,arfu. In ascia- graphical manner. 349 SCIAM'ACIIY, n. See Sciomachv. SCIENOI'DES, n. See Sci^noides. SCIEN'TER, adv. [L.] In law, know- ingly ; wilfully. SCIL ICET, instead of SCILICET. SCIN'COID, n. A short-footed saurian reptile. [See Scincoidians.J SCINCOI'D^, n. See Scincoidians. S C INC O I' DES, instead of SIN- COIDES. SCIN'CUS, n. The skink, a genus of saurian reptiles, forming the type of the family Scincoides. [See Skink.] SCINQUE, n. The skink. SCIOG'RAPHY,forSCIO'GRAPlIY. SCIOP TIC-BALL, In. A globe of SCIOP'TKIC-BALL, ( wood, about five inches diameter, with a cylindrical perforation, 2A inches diameter, passing centrally through it, and having at one extremity of the perforation a glass lens. The globe or ball is fitted in a socket made in a board, in such a way that it is capable of being turned on its centre to a small extent in any direc- tion. The board being screwed to a window-shutter, having an aperture in it, the rays of light from external ob- jects, after being refracted by the lens, form pleasing images of those objects on the opposite wall of the apartment, or on a white screen placed opposite. SCI'RE FA'CIAS, instead of SCIRE FA'CIAS. [add.] It is often abbreviated to sci. fa. SClRE'WYTE,t n. The annual tax or prestation paid to the sherifl:" for hold- ing the assizes or county-courts. SCIRRHO SIS, n. Same as Scirrhu.s. SCIR'RHUS, it. [add.] This term is now used to denote the morbid condition which precedes cancer in the ulcerated state. SCIS'SILE, n. Same as Scissel. SCIS'SOR-BILL,H.Rhyncbops,agenus of palmiped birds, allied to the terns, characterized by the bill, wliich is com- pressed like a knife, and has the lower mandible longer than the upper, and broken off, as it were, at the tip. [See Rhynchops in this Snpp., and cut in Diet. Skimmer.] SCIS'SOR-TAIL, n. A South Ameri- can bii'd, the Milvulus forjicatns^ and belonging to the family of butcher birds. It has a forked tail, terminated Scissortail, Slilvuluiforficatus. by two long feathers. When on the wing, it has the power of turning in the air very quickly, and in so doing opens and shuts its tail just like a pair of scissors. SCITE, n. See Site. SCIU'RUS, n. [Gr. ff*.«, a shade, and cj^a, a tail.] The squirrel, a genus of rodent mammals. [See Squirrel.] SCOOP-WHEEL SCOUP SCRIBBET A hard tumour or SCLaTE, v. t. To slate ; to cover with slates, as a roof. [Scoti-h.] SCLAT'ED, ;)p. ora. Slated. [Scotch.] SeLAUN'DRE.t »■ [Fr. esclmidir.] Slander. [Chaucer.] SeLENDKE.fu. Slender. [Chaucer.] SCLERENCEPHA'LIA, n. [Gr. c^iXr,- («f, hard, and ej-sssjaXo;, the brain.] In- duration or hardening of the brain. ■ASTS, ) SCLEROSIS, ( induration. SCLEROCHLO'A, n. A genus of grasses belonging to tlie tribe Festu- cine.T. S. maritima is found on sea- coasts and damp places in Great Bri- tain. Other five species are natives of Britain. SCLER'OGEN, II. [Gr. ,;,Xr.f«s. hard, and >tk,«ft. to produce.] In bnt., the matter of lignitication which is depo- sited on the inner surface of the cells of plants, contributing to their thickness. SCLERO'MA, 71. Same as Scleriasis, — ivhick see in this Supp. SCLEROPHTHAL'MIA, «. [Gr. ,«a, gof, hard, and cfdxXfzo;, the eye.] Pro- trusion of the eye-ball. Also, indu- rated inflammation of the eve. SCLEROT'ICA, h. The sclerotic coat of the eye. [See Sclerotic] SCLEROTI TIS, n. Inflammation of the sclerotic coat. SeOB'BY, n. A familiar name for the common chaffinch. SeOCH'ONS.t ». pl. Escutcheons of arms. [Chaucer.] SGOFF, V. t. [add.] To address with contumelious scorn. SeOLAIE',-!- !■. ;. [Fr. escoloier.] To attend school ; to study. \Chauccr.] SCOL'I'AD.T;, n. [add.] These insects abound in the very hottest situations, and make deep burrows in sandbanks. Some are of a very large size. SeOL'YMllS, ». A genus of molluscs belonging to tiie family Turbinellida?, or turnip-shells. The shell is subfusi- form, armed with foliated spires ; the spires shorter; pillar with distinct plaits in the middle. SeOLYT'ID.E, n. A family of coleop- terous insects, the type of which is the genus Scolytus. The body is oblong or cylindrical, conve.\ and rounded above, with the head globular. SeOL'YTUS, «. [add,] The Scubjtus destructor was. a few years ago, very destructive to elm-trees in the neigh- buurliood of London, and its ravages attracted the attention of government. StOM'BEK, n. [Gr. irx^.u^;,;.] The mackerel, a genus of acanthopterygi- ous fishes, the type of the family Sconi- lieridie. [See M.vckerel.] SCOMBERE'SOX, «. [Scomber, and esox.J The mackerel -pike, or saury- pike, a genus of malacopterygions tishes. One species (S. saurus) is oc- casionally found on our coasts; it is re- markable for its long, beak-like jaws. SCOMBER'ID.T;, instead of SCOM- BRIDJ!. SeOMBEROI'DES, n. See ScoM- BEROIDS. SCOM'FISII, V. t. To suftocate by noxious air. [Scotch.] SCOM FISH, i'. !. To be suffocated or stifled. [Scutch.] SCONCE, n. [add.] A small fort for the defence of a ijass, a river, &c. SCOOP-WHEEL, 11. A wheel made like an over-shot water-wheel, with buckets round its circumference; this being turned by a steam-engine, or other power, is employed to scoop up the water in which the lower part dips, and raise it to a height equal to the diameter of the wheel, when the buck- ets, turning over, deposit the water in a trough or reservoir prepared to re- ceive it. Such wheels are sometimes used for irrigating lands. [See Per- sian Wheel.] SCOP IFORM, instead of SCO'PI- FORM. SCOP'IPP.D, instead of SCOPIPED. SCOP Tie.t a. Same as Scoptical. SCO'PUS, n. [Gr. »-aoT«, a sentinel.] The umber, or umbre, a genus of wad- ing birds. The .S. umbrelfa, or crested umbre, is an African bird about the size of a crow. [See cut in Vict. Umrre.] SCO'RER, n. [add.] One who scores. SCO'RIE, n. A young gull. [Local.] SCORN, n. [add.] Mockery. SeOR]N'Y,-f «. Deserving scorn. SCORP^i; NA, n. A genus of acanthop- terygious fishes belonging to the family Loricafi. The head is large, com- pressed, and more or less armed with spines or tubercles; the body is oblong and scaly. It forms the type of tlie family Scorp^enidEe, of which one spe- cies only, the Norway haddock, or ber- gylt (Sel astcs uiarinus), inhabits our seas. It resembles the percii. SCOR'PIOID, H. In bol., an inflores- cence which is rolled up towards one side, in the manner of a crosier, un- rolling as the flowers e.vpand. SCOR'PION-FLY, n. Instead of "Pa- norna,"' read Panorpa. [add.] The com- mon scorpion-fly ( P. communis)\s a Brit- ish insect.frequenting hedges and woods. SCORPION ID.^, 71. The scorpion family ; all the species are e.votic, and not above two are European. SCORPION-SHELL, n. The species cf the genus Pteroceras are so named by collectors. SeORPION'S-TAlL, n. A plant of the genus Scorpiurus. SCORSE,t i: t. [add.] The counter, chaimge to scorse, to make a counter- change; to give like for like. [5peH.?e?*.] SCORZONE'RA, instead of SCOR- ZON'ER.V. SCOTCH, H. [add.] A line drawn on the ground, as in hop-scotch. SeOTCH'-ASFHODEL, «. A plant, the Toiieldia aliiiua. SCOTCH'-BARLEY, n. A variety of pot-barley, made by simply grinding oft" the husk. SCOTCH-BONNETS, h. Fairy-ring mushroom, the Afjarlvus oreades. SCOTCH -KALE, n. Green borecole, a variety of the cabbage, extensively cul- tivated in Scotland as a pot-herb. SCOTCII'-ROSE, 11. A species of very thorny rose SCOTCH -THISTLE, n. 1. A plant of the nat. order Compositie, and tribe CynarocephaUe, but the precise genus and species is unknown. IMost culti- vators consider it to be the 07iopordum acanthium ; others, to be the Carduus marianus ; while some, with greater probability, refer it to the common C'iicus tauceolatus. The doubts have arisen from the figures on olcl coins and in paintings being intended to re- present so77iethi7ig lihc a t/tislle, rather than any one in particular. [.SVe Thistle.] — 2. The emblem in the arms of Scotland. SCOTH.t !'. t. To wrap in darkness. SCOTOMA,;!. 5ce Scotomv. SCOUP, !'. ('. To leap or move hastily from one place to another; to run ; to scamper, [.'scotch.] 350 SCOUR, V. t. To urge forward ; to whip; to Hog ; to beat. [Scotch.] SCOUR ING-POWER, 71. In engin- eerluff, the efficiency of a stream of water employed to carry away shingle, vV'c, fi-om the mouth of a hai'bour, river, and the like, hy fiushiug. SCOUT, c. (. [add] To range over for the purpose of discovery ; as, to scout the plain. [5n'/ft.] S e O U ' T H E K, ) 1' '. To scorcli. S € O W ' T H E R, t [Scotch.] SCOW. V. t. To transport iu a scow. [Aine7ican.] SCRABBLE «. Act of scrabbling; a scribble. SCRAIGH, ) 11. i. To scream hoarsely ; SCRAICH, ) to shriek; to utter a loud shrill sound ; to cry as a fowl. SCRAM'BLINGLY, ado. By seizing or catching at eagerly. SCRANCH, V. t. [add.] A word in vul- gar use in America. SCRANIvY,a. Lank; slender.[5co(f/i,] SCR.\P, «. [add.] The husky, skinny residuum of melted fat. [Local.] SCR.\P'ING, H. [add.] The act of one that scrapes ; a drawing of the feet over the floor as an insult to some one. SCRAP-IRON, 71. In comi/ierre, old iron, cuttings of plates, and other mis- cellaneous fragments of iron. The name is also applied to articles ma- nufactured or forged from scrap-iron. Thus, in specifications or other descrip- tions of machinery, certain part.s are described as of '■ best scrap-iron," or of "wliole scrap-iron," meaning thereby that they are to be forged wholly from scrap, orwithout addition oradmittance of new bar-iron. SCRAUGH'ING, 1 rpr. Screaming SCRAICH'ING, ) hoarsely. [See ScRAiOH in this Supp.] SCRAWL, H. [add.) In Nar Engla/id, a ragged broken branch of a tree or other brushwood. SCREAMER, «. [add.] A shrill-voiced hawker. lSwi.fl.] — In the U/iited States, a bouncing fellow or girl. SCREED, 71 [add.] A discourse; a ha- rangue; a long tirade upon any sub- ject hastily brought out; a poetical eft'usion in writing; a long list or cata- logue. [,SVo(c/i.] SCREED'ED,;<;<. Torn ; rent. [Scotch] SCREEN, 71. [add.] Hatilncu\j-screc7is, or fi7'e~srreens, pieces of thick woollen cloth put round the hatchways of a war-ship during an engagement. — Scree/i bulk-heads, temporary divisions madeof tinck woollen cloth put up in the cabins of a war-vessel when cleared for action, in place of the wooden bulk-heads, which are removed. SCREIGH-OF-DAY. The first dawn. [Scotch.] SCREW, Ji. [add.] An extortioner; a miser. [Colloq.] SCREW-PILES, 71. A particular kind of piles, employed for supporting lighthouses and beacons. Instead of being driven into the ground, as com- mon piles, they are screwed in by the aid of a peculiar kind of screw attached to their lower extremities, so that they take a very firm hold of the ground. SCKEW -PRESS, 77. A machine for commnnicating pressure by means of a screw or screws. [See Sckew j SeREW'-PROFELLER,7i. See Screw. SCREW'-SHELL, 7i. In co7ichol., the English name of the genus Turbo. SCRIBA'TIOUS.t a. Skilful in, or fond of writing. SCRIBBET,t 77. A painter's ^lencil. SCUFFLEU SCYLLARUS SEA-EAGLE SGRIB'BLE, r. (. [adU-j To carJ or tease wool. \Loca/.] SeRIB'BLEMENT, ». A worthless or careless writing; scribble. [Rare.] 5eRlB'BLER,n. [add.] One who cards or teases wool. [Local.] SeRlB'ING. 2n>r. Marking or fitting to another surface. SCRlENE.f 71. A screen or entrance into a hall. [Spenser.] SGBIG'GLE, r. i. To writhe; to struggle or twist about with more or less force. [Local. \ SeRIKE,t V. i. [See Screak.] To shriek. [Spetiser.'^ SeRIMP'NESS, H. Scantiness; small allowance. [Scotch.] St'RIMP'TlON, n. A small portion ; a pittance. [Local.] SCRIP, 71. In bank Ian., a certificate of stock subscribed to a bank or other company, or of a subscription to a loan. SORIP'TURAL, instead of SCRIP- TURAL, a. I SeRIP'TURALLY, adv. In a scrip- | tural manner. I SCRIP'TURALNESS, n. Quality of being scriptural. I SCRIPTURE, a. Relating to the Bible or the Scriptures; scriptural. SCRIPTURES,! w. plur. [See Scrip- ture.] Writings; books. [Chaiicer.] SCRIPTU'RIAN, 71. Same as Scaip- TURiST. [Ba7-e.] SCRIVENER, n. [add.] An attorney employed as a money-agent, to invest the money of his clients and other per- sons who employ him, on securities at his discretion, for which he receives procuration-fees. SCRIV'EN-LlKE.ta. Likeascrivener. [Chaucer.] SCROBIC'ULUS CORDIS, n. [L.] In anat.^ the pit of the stomach. SCROF'ULOUSNESS, h. State of being scrofulous. SCRoLE, ti. See Scroll. fcjCROLL, 71. [add.] A name given to the volutes of the Ionic and Corinthian capitals. St'ROL'LED, a. Inclosed in a scroll or roll; formed into a scroll. SCROT'OCELE, or SCROTOCE'- LE, 71. SCROUGE, v. t. To crowd ; to squeeze. [Provincial.] SCROYLE,t n. [add.] A person afflicted with king's evil. [Shah.] SCRUB'-RACE, w. A race between Jow and contemptible animals, got up for amusement. SCRUFF. 71. The hinder part of the neck. [Local.] SCRUNCH, «.^ Tocraunch. [Local] SCRU'PULISTjf H. One who doubts or scruples. SCRU'TINOUSLY, adv. By using scrutiny; searchingly. SCRUZEjf V. t. [add.] To compress or press close together. Supposed to be from crush, [Spenser.] 1 SCRtJZ'ED.f 2^P- Squeezed; com- pressed. [Sjtenser.] SeRY,t V. t. To descry. SCRYDE.t pp. Descried; spied out. [Spenser.] SCRYNE,f n. [L. scriniuTn.] An escre- toire or desk. [Spenser.] SCUD, 71. A heavy shower. [Scotch.] SCUD'LAR, 71. A scullion. [Scotch.] SCUFF, n. The hinder part of the neck. Also written scruff. [North of Ena.] SCUF'FLER, 71. [add.] An agricultural implement of somewhat the same kind as the scarifier, but generally lighter, II.— Sui'p. To dung. [Ila7-€.] and employed in working after it. [See Scarifier.] SCULDUD'DERY, n. A term used in a ludicrous manner to denote those causes which respect some breach of chastity; grossness; obscenity in act or word. [Scotch.] SCULDUD DERY, a. Connected with crim. con. ; loose ; obscene ; as, scul- duddery songs. [Scotch.] SCULL, n. A shallow fish-basket; a shallow basket for carrying peat-fuel. [Scotch.] SCUL'PIN, n.^ A small sea-fish, the Cottus octodtcimspbiosus, found on the American coasts. The gemmeous dra- gonet {CaUio7tymus lyra) is so called by the Cornish fishermen. SCULPTRESS, n. A female artist in sculpture, SCULPTURESQUE', «. (esk'.) Relat- ing to sculpture. [Rare.] SCUM'BER, ) SCUM'MER, r' SCUM WER, n. [add.] He or that which scums. PCUM'MY, a. Covered with scum. SeUN'CHEON, 71. [Qu. sconchon or sqninch.] The stones or arches thrown across the angles of a square tower, to support the alternate sides of the octagonal spire; also, the cross-pieces of timber across the angles, to give strength and firmness to a frame. [See SCONCHEON.] SCUP, n. In Rhode Island, the name given to a small fish belonging to the sparoid family. In New York it is called porgy. SCUP, 71. [D. schop.] In New Yoi'k, a swing. SCUP, V. i. In New Yorh, to swing. SCUP PER-HOLES, n. See Scui-pck. SCURF, n. In hot., the loose scaly matter that is found on some leaves, &c. SCUR'VY, a. [add.] Mischievous; ma- licious; as, a scurvy trick, SCU'TKL, w See Scutellum. SCUTEL'LUM, n. [add.] A term ap- plied to the little coloured cup or disc found in the substance of lichens, con- taining the tubes filled with spo- rules; as in the annexed figure of Leucanora tarta- 7-ea. — In entom., a part of tlie tliurax, sometimes invisible, sometimes, as in some hemiptera, large, and covering the elytra and abdomen. SCU'TIFORM, a. [add.] In anat., a term applied to the cartilage of the sterimm. SCUT'TLE,«. [add.] Air- scuttles, -itorts in a ship for the admission of air. SCUT'TLED-BUTT, «. See Scuttle- butt. SCU'TUM SOBIES'KI, «. Sobieski's Shield, a modern northern constellation consisting of eight stars. SCYB'ALA, H. idur. [Gr. trztj(3xXcy ] In patho., small indurated balls, or frag- ments, into which the faeces become converted, when too long retained in the colon. SCYLLiE'A, n. A genus of nudibran- chiate gasteropods. The common spe- cies {S. j)elajica) is found on the Fucus natans, or gulf-weed, wherever this appears. SCYLLAR'ID^. n. A family of long- tailed crabs, named from the genus Scyllarus. SCYL'LARUS.n. A genus of long-tailed decapod crustaceans, of which there 351 are several species, some of which, like our lobster, are highly esteemed as food, SCYLLl'ODUS, n. A genus of fossU fishes found in the chalk-formation. SCYM'ETAR, h. .See Scimitar. SCYPH'IA, 71. [Gr. cxv^o;, a cup.] A genus of fossil spongiadic, found chiefly in the chalk-formation. SCVRE'-GEIVIOT',7f. .S'eeSiiiRE-MoTE. SCYTH'ROPS, ?(. [Gr. trxt^d^c;, angry, and aj^-, aspect.] Tlie channel-bill, a genus of birds belonging to the cuclioo family. Only one species is known, tlie S. Nov(P Iiollandi(S, a grayish- coloured bird peculiar to Australia. SCYTODEP'SIC, a. [Gr. t^.w, abide, and li-^'.ci) to tan.] Pertaining to the business of a tanner. — Scytodepsic principle, tannin. — Scytodepsic acid, gallic acid. [Rar. us.] SDAYNED,t i>i). [See Sdain.] Dis- dained. [.N;)?7i5e/'.] SDElGN,tforDisoAiN. SEA, 71. [add.] Alain sea, or hi'jh seas, the open ocean. The main sea begins at low-water mark. SKA'-ADDEK,n. The Gasterosteusspin- achia (Cuv.), or fifteen-spined stickle- back, a species of acanthopterygious fish iound in the British seas. SKA'-BAR'ROW, n. The egg of the skate or thornback. SEA'-BEACH, n. A beach bordering on the sea. SEA'-BELTS, 7i. The sweet fucus {Fu- cus saccharinus), which grows upon stones and rocks by the sea-shore, the leaves of which resemble a belt or girdle. SEA'-BLUBBER, n. A marine insect. SEA'-BoARD,n.[add.J The sea-coast: tjie country bordering on the sea. SE A'-BoAKD, a. Bordering on the sea. SEA'-BOKNE, a. Wafted upon the sea. SEA'-BO Y, n. A boy employed on ship- board. SEA'-BRED, a. Trained upon, orforthe sea. SEA'-CAP, n. A cap made to be worn at sea. SEA'-CHICK'WEED, 7?. A perennial plant, the Glaux maritimu (Linn.) SEA'-COW, 71. [add.] A name given to the dugong, or halicore, and also to tlie manatus. [See cut in this Supp. Du- gong.] SEA'-CRAB, 71. The strictly maritime Crustacea, such as the Ca7icer jmgurus, and the species of Portunus, &c.,areso trailed, SEA'-CRAFTS, n.lns/i?';>-6Hi7f///({/, the uppermost straUe or ceiling, which is thicker than the rest of tlie ceiling, and is considered the principal binding strake. SEA'-CURRENT, n. A current of the sea. SEA'-DAFFODIL, n. A plant with a bulbous root, the Pancratium marati- 7num (Linn.) SEA'-DETTY, n. A marine god or deitv. SEA'-DEVIL, 71. [add.] A large cartila- ginous fish of the genus Cephaloptera, belonging to the ray family. The fisher- men of Sussex give this name to a species of crab, the Galathea strii/osa, which, according to their belief, drives away tjie lobster from their coasts. SEA-DOT TKEL, w. The turn-stone, a grallatorial bird. [.See Turn-Stone. J SEA-DRAKE, n. The same as Sea- CORMORANT. SEA'-DYIvE. See Sea-AVall in this Su2>t>. SEA'-EAGLE, n. [add.] A name somO' times given to the ospray. 8ti SEA -MOSS SEA-SXAIL SECOND-HAND SEA'-EEL, 71. An eel cauglit in salt-wa- ter ; the conger. SE.\'-F1SH, n. Anymarinefisli ; anyfish that lives usually in salt-water; the gurnard. S£A^GAKLAND, n. An herb. SEA'-GIKD'LES, ». A marine plant, the Laminnria diijilala ; called also tanyle, sea-icare, sea-wand, &c. SEA-GODDESS, n. A female deity of the ocean. SEA'-LANGUAGE,n. The language of seamen. SE.i'-LAWS, n. Laws relating to the sea, as the laws of Oleron, &c. Sea -Leach, n. An annellde of the genus Pontobdella. Thehodyinthisis bristled » ith tubercles, and the eyes are . only six in number. The species are found in t!ie sea. SEAL'ED EAUTH, «. Terra siail. lata ; an old name for medicinal eartiis, which Here made up into cakes and stamped or sealed. [A'ec Lemxhx Earth.] SE AL'ER.n. In Kew England, an officer appointed to e.vamine and try weights and measures, and set a stamp upon such asare according to the proper stan- dard, — Also, an otlicer who inspects leather, and stamps such as is good. SEA'-LETTEIi, \n. A document from SEA'-BKIEF, ( the custom-house, expected to be found on board of every neutral ship on a foreisn voyage. It specifies the nature and quantity of the cargo, the place whence it comes, and its destination. SEALGll, In. The seal, or sea-calf. SELCH, ( [Scotch.] SEA'-LlFE,n.The life of seamen; naval life. SEA--LIGHT, n. [add.] Sea-lights are commonly divided into two principal classes, viz., public or general lights, embracing such as are of use to all vessels passing the coasts; and harbour or local lights, including such as are intended specially for the use of vessels resorting to particular ports. In Eng- land all public lights, as those in light- houses, are under the management of Trinity House; in Scotland they are under the Commissioners of Northern Lights ; and in Ireland under the Bal- last Board of Dublin. [See Light- House in Diet, and in this Supp.] SEA LING, n. [add.j The act of affixing a seal. SEAL'ING VOYAGE,!;. A voyage for the purpose of killing seals and obtain- ing their skins. SEA'-LION, n. [add.] A name given by voyagers to variousseals of large dimen- sions, as the sea-elephant. The name is particularly applied to certain large ear- less seals, with manes somewhat like those of the lion, and belonging to the genus Platyrhynchus of Cuv. SEA'-LOUSE, 71. Various species of iso- podous Crustacea are called sea-lice, i such as the genus Cymothoa, parasitic on fishes; Lygia, and Sadura. j SEA'-LUNGS, 71. An insect. I SEA'-JL\K(J£, 71. A marine cliff; the border or shore of the sea. , SEA'-MAW,;i.Thesea-meworsea-guIl. I [Scotch.] S£.\M -BLAST, 7i. A blast made by filling with powder the seams or cre- ^vices made by a previous drill-blast. SEA.M£S,+ 71. ]>tur. Seams; sutures. [Chaucer.] SEA'-MOSS, 71. A plant, the Coralllna officinalis. Also, a name given to C'o7! ferva rupestris. SEAM'-KENT, 71. The rent of a seam ; tjie separation of a suture. SEAM-ROLLER, 71. An agricultural implement; a species of roller consist- ing of two cylinders of cast-iron, which, following in tlie furrow, press and roll down the earth newly turned up by the plough. SEA'-Ml'D, 71. A rich saline deposit from salt-marshes and sea-shores. It is also called ouse, or ooze, and is em- ployed as a manure. SEA-MULE, 71. The sea-gull. SE'ANCE. 71, (sa-iins.) [Fr.] Session, as of some public body. SE.V-NETTLE, 71. [add.] A popular name of certain marine animals of the genus Medusa, which have the property of stinging when touched. SEAN'NACHIE, 71. A Highland anti- quary or bard. SE.V'-OAK, 7!. Same as Sea-Wr.ick. SEA'-ORB, 71. A fish almost round ; the globe-fish. SE.V'-OWL. 71. The lump- fish, belonging to the genus Cydopterus. SEA'-PEN, 71. A zoophyte, the Peniia- tula phosphorea of Linn., which is not unfrequentlv dredged on our coasts. I SEA-PERCH, 71. A fish, the Xnftrnj- ' lupus of Cuv. j SEA'-PINCrSHlON, 71. The egg-case of the skate, or thornback, which is fre- quently cast ashore on our coasts. SEA'-PINK, 71. A plant, the Ce7ai(iK7n repens (Linn.) SEA'-POR'CUPINE,7i.Afish,the7)!o- don hystrix,the bodyof whichiscovered with spines. SEA'- QUAKE, 71. A concussion of the sea. SEARCH, 71. (serch.) [add.J Right of search, in 7iaia/aJ?aiV4',the right claimed by one nation to authorize the com- manders of their ships to enter vessels of other nations and examine their papers and cargo, to ascertain the cha- racter of the vessels and the destination of their cargoes. The right of search, however, cannot be exercised upon a ship-of-war, or national vessel itself. SEARCHER, 71. (sereh'er.) [add.] An instrument used in the inspection of butter, &c., to ascertain the quality of that contained in firkins, &c. SEARCH ING, ppr. or a. [add.] Pene- trating; keen; as, a searching wind. f Colloquial. 1 SE ARCHING, 71. [add.] In surgeri/, the operation of introducing a metallic in- strument through the urethra, into the bladder, for the purpose of ascertaining tjie presence of a calculus. SEAR -CLOTH, V. t. To cover with sear-cloth. SE.-V'-KEEVE, 71. An officer in maritime towns and places who takes care of the maritimerights of tlie lord of the manor, watches the shore, and collects the wrecks. SEA'-RESEM'BLING, a. Resembling tjie sea. SEA'-RUFF, 71. A marine fish of the genus Orphus. SEA'-S.ALT, 71. Chloride of sodium, or common salt, obtained by spontaneous ej-aporation of sea- water on sea-margins. SEA'-SER\'ICE, 77. Naval service; ser- vice in the navv or in ships-of-war I SEA'-SHARK, ji. The white shark, Squa 'us rarcharias. | SEA'-SHELL, 71. .\ marine shell ; ashell found on the shore. SEA'-SLl'G, 71. A species of the genus Aplysia ; also, the trepang, — if AicA see. S£A'-SNAIL, 71. A tish, the unctuous 352 sucker of Pennant, Cijclopterus liparls of Linn., Liparis vulgaris of modern authors. SEA'-SNIPE, 71. The trumpet-&sh.— which see. SEASON, t'. (. [add.] To salt; to pre- serve by salting. [WiaA.] SEA'-STaRE, 71. A bird. SEA-SURGEON, 71. A surgeon em- ployed on board a ship. SE-\ '-SWALLOW, 71. A provincial name of the storm-petrel, Thalassidroma pelayica. SEA'-THIEF, 77. A pirate. SEAT'ING, 71. The act of placing on a seat ; the act of furnishing « ith a seat or seats. I SEA'-TORTOISE, 71. A marine turtle. I [See TfRTi.E.] SEA-TRAVELLING, n. A travelling by sea-voyages. SE.i'-TUKN, 71. A gale, mist, or breeze from the sea. , 6EA'-TURTLE, 71. A marine turtle. I — Also, a bird, the Uria grille. [See "Turtle.] SEA'-VIEW, 71. A prospect at sea. SE A'-A'Oy AG E,7i. A passage or journey by sea. SE .A.'- WALL, 71. A wall or fence against encroachments of the sea. SEA'-W.\RE, n. A term frequently ap- plied to the weeds thrown up by the sea in many situations, and w hich are collected and made use of as manure, and for other purposes. Sea-ware con- sists principally of the Quercus marina and various species of Fuci, and is often called also sea wrack or weed, sea- tangle, &c. SEA-WASP, 71. An insect. SE.\'-W.\X, 71. Maltha,— ii7iiVA see. SEA -WING, 71. A bivalve shell. SE.\'-WOLF, 71- [add.] A name some- times given to the sea-eleidiaut, a large species of seal ; also to the wolf-fish iAnarrhichas lupus). SEA'-MORMWOOD, 71. A plant, the Artemisia maritima, which grows by the sea. SE B AS 'TES, 71. [Gr.rtC«9-«, venerable.] A genus of acanthoptervgious fishes of the family Cottidse. The S. marinus is the Norway haddock,which resembles the perch in form. It abounds on the coast of Norway, and is found at Ice- land, Greenland, off Newfoundland, 4:c. SECA'LE, instead of SECALE. SECK'EL, n. A small delicious pear. SECOND, 1-. t. (add] In deliberatire assemblies, public meetings. Sec, to unite with a person, or act as his second, in proposing some measure or motion ; as, to second a motion or pro- position. SEC'OND.4.RILY, instead of SECON- DARILY. SECONDARY, a. [add.] In mineral., a term denoting a modified crystal, de- rived from one of the primary forms, or any plane on a crystal which is not one of the primary planes. — Secondary quills. [See Secondary, n. No. 'i.]— Secondary conveyances, in law, those which presuppose some other convey- ance precedent, and only serve to con- firm, alter, restrain, restore, or transfer the interest granted by the original convevance.— Secondaryuse. [5eeUsE.] SECOND COUSIN, 71. The name given to the children of cousins. SECOND-HAND, «. [add.] At second- hand, inferior, secondary ; as, a virtue at second-hand. [Swift.[ — A poet at the second-hand, a reputed poet. [Dry- den.] SEDERUNT SEIGNIOR SELENOGRAPHER SECONDING, ppr. Supporting; aid- ing. SEiJ'ONDS, 77. 2^l"r. A coarse kind of flour. [Shah.] SE'€lvEE,t a. Secret. [Chaucer.] SE'€UEINESSE,t n. Privacy; secret- ness. [Chaucer.] SE'€RET,t V. t To keep private; to secrete. SEOUET'ING, ppr. or a. [add.] Pro- ducing from the blood substances dif- ferent from the Iilood itself, or from any of its constituents; as, secreting glands; secreting surfaces. SEt'RE'TORY, instead of SE'€RE- TORY. SEGTA'RIANIZE, instead of SEC- TAKIAN'IZE. SE€'TION, n. Sig. 4. fadd.] An Ame- rican use of the word. — Longitudinal section, in slnp-buiUUng, a section of a ship made by a vertical plane taken parallel with the keel. — Transverse section, a section in a vertical plane cutting the vessel at right angles to the keel. — A midship-section, a trans- verse section in the middle of the ves- sel. — A loud iiHiter section, a horizontal section taken at the load-water line. SE€TIONAL'ITY, n. Quality of being sectional. \Rare.\ SEC'TIONIZE, V. t. To form into sec- tions. [Hare.] j SEC'TIO-PLANOG'RAPHY, n. [L. secfio, a section, planum, a plane sur- face, and Gr. y^xi^v, to describe.] A method of laying down the section of engineering work, as railways, upon the plan introduced by Mr. Maeneil. It is performed by using the line of direc- tion laid down on the plan as a datum- line, the cuttings being plotted on the upper part, and the embankments upon the lower part of the line. SE€T'-MASTEK,t n. The leader of a SE€'TOR, n. [add.] Sector of a sphere, the solid generated by the revolution of the sector of a circle about one of its radii, wliich remains fixed; or, it is the conic solid whose vertex coincides with the centre of the sphere, and whose base is a segment of the same sphere. SECULAR, a. [add.] Enduring for ages, or appearing once in many ages. [j\filtun.] — Secular inequality, in as- tron., a deviation from the mean motion or mean orbit of a heavenly body, which proceeds so slowly as to become sensible only after the lapse of a cen- tury or centuries, as the acceleration of the moon's mean motion. AVhen the change or deviation performs its course in a comparatively short period of time, it is termed a periodic inequcdity, as the lunar evection. SEC'ULER,ta. Secular; of the laity; in opposition to clerical. [Chaucer.] SE'€UND, histead of SE€'UND, a. SEGUN'DUM All'TEM, instead of SECUNDUM ARTEM. SE€CR'ABLE,rt. That may be secured. SECURE', a. [add.] Resolved; deter- mined; as, 5ec«re to die. [Dn/den.] SE€ORE'NESS, n. [add.] Safety; se- curity. SEeURaTY, n. [add.] A surety, SEXUS. [L.j Otherwise. SEDE,f V. i. To produce seed. [Chau- cer.] SED'ENTARY, n. One of a section of spiders. [See Sedentaries.] SEDE'RUNT, n. [add.) Acts of sede- runt, ordinances of the court of session, under authority of the statute 1540, c. 93, by which the court is empowered to make such regulations as may be necessary for the ordering of processes, and the expediting of justice. The acts of sederunt are recorded in books, called books of sederunt. SEDOE'-WARBLER, n. See Sedge- BIKD. SEE, V. t. [add,] To see a Indg home, to wait upon, or escort her home from a party or elsewhere. [Conventional.] — To see about a thing, to attend to it; to consider it, or inquire into it. [Colloq.] — God you see, or God him see, may God keep you or him in his sight. — On to. see, to look on. —On me see, to look on me. [Chaucer.] SEE, V. i. [add.] To consider; to try; as, I'll see what I can do. [Shak.\ — To beware; to take heed; as, see you avoid the place. — To perceive men- tally ; as, I cannot see how that can bo. SEE, iuterj. Lo ! look! observe! be- hold ! [Sec the Verb intran. \ SEE,t n. The sea. [Chaucer.] SEED, for Saw. [Vul'jar.] SEED, v.t. [add.] To supply with seed. — To seed down, to sow with grass- seed. SEED'-COB, n. A basket or vessel for holding seed, while the husbandman is sowing it. SEED-GARDEN, n. A garden for raising seed. SEE'ING, n, [add.] Perception; the act of perceiving objects by the organ of sigiit, or the sense which we have of external objects by means of the eye. SEEL'ING, /);r. Bhnding. SEELING, n. \n falcoi.rif, the running of a thread through the eyelids of a hawk, when first taken, to prevent her seeing well, and thereby to prepare her to endure the hood. SEEL'Y,t a. M'ealthv. SEEME'LESSE,ta. Unseemly. [Speii- ser.] SEEM'ING.Usedaducr6ia//2/forSEEM- LY. [Shah.] SEEM'LILY,tarfu. Decently ;comelily. SEER, a. Sure. [North of Scotland.] SEEK, a. Several; divers. [North of Enqland.] SEER'SHIP, H. The office or quality of a seer. SEE-'-SAW, n. [add.] A play among children, in which one sits on each end of a board or long piece of timber balanced on some support, and thus move alternately up and down. Also, a board adjusted for this purpose. — At whist, the playing of two partners, so that each, alternately, assists the other to win the trick. SEE'-SAW, a. Undulating with reci- procal motion. SEFA'TIAN, n. One of a sect of Mahometans ; opposed to the Motaze- lites. SEG, \n. A castrated bull; a bull SEGG, ( castrated when full grown. [Scotch.] SEG'BAN, n. A horseman among the Turks, who has the care of the bag- gage of an army. SE6E,f n. A siege. [Chaucer.] SEG'REGATE, a. [add.J Separate. SEGREGA'TION,insteadofSEG'RE- GATION. SEY^t^ } ^'"fi^-of^ee. Saw. [Chaucer.] SEY + ( ^''' ^^ ^^^- Seen. [Chaucer.] SEIGNIOR, n. (see'-nyor.) [add.J Seignior in gross, a lord without a manor. 353 SElGNORIE.t n. (see'-nyory ) [Sec Seigniory.] Power; dominion. [Chau- cer ] SEIL, I', t. To strain through a cloth oi" sieve. [Scotch.] SEIL'ED, ;>p. Strained. [Scotch.] SElNjf pp. of See. Seen. [Chaucer.] SEINDE.t jj;>. of Senge {Singe). Sing- ed. [Chaucer.] SEINT.f n. [Fr. ceiuct ] A cincture; a girdle. [Chaucer.] SEINT'UARIE,t«. Sanctuary. [Chau- cer.] SEIP, V. i. To ooze; to leak. [Scotch.] SEiP'ED, ;?;). Oozed. [Scotch.] SEIP'ING, ;>i)r. Oozing. [Scotch.] SEISIN, «. See Seizln. SEISMOM'ETER, n. See Seizmome- TER. SEISU'RA, ji. A genus of Australian biidb belonging to the family Muscica- Rtbtlesti Seisura, Seu^ pida;, or fly-catchers. The S. vnUtans is the dish-washer of the colonists of New South. "Wales. SElZ'D,t /V'. Seized; fixed; as, a bear hath seizd her claws upon the carcase of a beast. [Spenser.] SEIZE, V. i. To fix or fasten, with on or ui'07i. Seized, ^7>. [add.] Possessed. [Spen- ser.] SEIZ'IN, V. [add.] Seizin-or, a per- quisite formerly due to tlie sheriff of Scotland, when he gave infeftment to an heir holding crown-lands. SEIZ'ING, ppr. [add.] Fixing, as claws. [ Spenser. ] SEIZ'ING OF IIERIOTS, w. In law, the taking of the be.st beast, &c., where an heriot is due, on the death of the tenant. [See Heriot.] SElvE.f V. t. To seek. [Chaucer.] SEKE,t a. Sick. [Chaucer.] SELD,t arfy. Rarely ; seldom. [Shak.] SELD,t a. Scarce. SELDEN,t«rfL'. [Sax.] Seldom. [Chau- cer.] SELE,t n. A seal. [Chaucer.] SEL'ENIDE, H. Same as Seleniuret. SELF/NIET, n. A compound formed by the union of selenium with eitiier of the metals zinc, lead, copper, silver, or palladium. Such combinations are found in the mineral kingdom, parti- cularly the seleniet of lead. SELENIF EKOUS, a. [Selenium, and h. fero, to produce.] Containing sele- nium; yielding selenium; aSj selenifer- ous ores. SELE'NIO CYANOGEN, n. A com- pound of selenium and cyanogen. SELE'NIO-CYAN'URET. n. In chem., a compound of selenium and cyanide. SELENI URET, instead of SELENIU- RET. SELENI'URETTED,insteadofSELE- NIUKETTED. SELENOGRAPHER, In. Oneversed SELENOG'RAPIIIST, J in seleno- graphy. SELF-FLATTERY SELF-SUBVEKSIYE SEMI-CALCINED SELENPAL'LADITE, n. Native pal- ladinni. SELF'-ABHOR'RENCE, n. Abhor- rence of one's self. SELF -ACTING, a. Acting of or by itself; applied to any automatic con- trivances for superseding the manipu- lation which would otherwise be re- quired in the manasement of machines; as the self-aclinr, feed of a boring-mill, whereby the cutters ai-e carried for- ward by the general motion of the machine. SELF'-ACT'IVE, n. Acting of itself. SELF'-ACTIV'ITY, n. Self-motion, or the power of moving one's self without foreign aid. SELF-.\DJl'ST'ING, a. Adjusting by one's self, or by itself. SELF-AG GR.\NDIZEMENT, in- stead of SELF-AGGK.\NDIZE- MENT. SELF'-ANNrniLATED,a.Annihilat- ed by one's self. SELF'-ANNIHILA'TION, «. Annihi- lation bv one's own acts. SELF'-.\PPLY'ING, a. Applying to or by one's self. SELF'-APPROB.\'TION, n. Appro- bation of one's self. SELF'-ASSUMED, a. Assumed byone's own act, or by one's own authority. SELF-ASSURED, a. Assmed by one's self. SELF'-ATTRACT'IVE, a. Attractive by one's self. SELF-BEGUILED, a. Deceived by one's self. SELF'-CEN TRIXG, a. Centring in one's self. SELF'-COMMU'NICATIVE, a. Im- parting or communicating by its own powers. SELF-COX FIDENTLY, adv. "With self-confidence. SELF-CONSCMED, a. Consumed by one's self. SELF -CONTRADI€T'ORY,a. Con- tradicting itself. SELF-DECEIVER, n. One who de- ceives himself. SELF'-DECEIV'ING, a. Deceiving one's self. SELF-DEFEN'SIVE, a. Tending to defend one's self. SELF-DENY INGLY, adu. In a self- denving manner. SELF DEPENDENT, la.Dependins SELF-DEPENDING, f onone'sself. SELF -DERELICTION, n. Desertion of one's self. SELF-DESTROYED, a. Destroyed by one's self. SELF-DESTROYER, n. One who destroys himself. SELF'-DESTROY'ING, a. Destroying one's self. SELF'-DETERSI'INED, a. Deternnn- ed bv one's self. SELF-DEVIS'ED, a. Devised by one s self. SELF-DlFFUSn'E, a. Having power to diffuse itself: that diffuses itself. SELF'-DUB'BED, a. Dubbed by one's self. SELF'-EV'IDENTLY', adv. By means of self-evidence. SELF'-EX,\LT'ING,a. Exalting one's self. SELF'-EXCCS'ING.a.Excusmgones self. ^ , . SELF'-EXULT ING, a. Exultmg m one's self. SELF -FED, a. Fed by one's self. SELF'-FLAT TERY, n. Flattery of one's self. SELF'-GOV'ERNED, a. Governed by one's self. SELF-GOVERNMENT, n. The go- vernment of one's self. SELF'-HARM'ING,«.Injuringor hurt- ing one's self, or itself. SELF-HOMICIDE, n. Act of killing one's self; suicide. SELF'-I DOLiZED, a. Idolized by one's self. SELF-IG'NOR.'VNCE.n. Ignorance of one's own character. SELF-IGNORANT, a. Ignorant of one's self. SELF'-IM'MOLATING,a.Inimolating one's self. SELF'-IMP.\RT'ING, a. Imparting by its own powers and will. SELF'-IMPORTANCE, n. High opi- nion of one's self; pride. SELF'-IMPOR'T.ANT, a. Important in one's own esteem ; proud. SELF-INFLICTED, a. Inflicted by one's self. SELF'-INSUFFI"CIENCY, n. Insuffi- ciency of one's self. SELF'ISM, II. Devotedness to self; sel- fishness. SELFIST, n. One devoted to self; a selfish person. [Rare.] SELF'-JUSTIFICA'TION, n. Justifi- cation of one's self. SELF -Jl'ST'lFIER, n. One who ex- cuses or justifies himself. SELF -IvlN'DLED, a. Kindled of itself, or without extraneous aid or power. SELF-LEFT', a. Left to one's self. SELF-LIKE, «. Like one's self. SELF'-LOATHING, a. Loathing one's sr. [add.] SelHrxj public o.ffiees, an offence against the govern- ment, punishable as a misdemeanour. SEL'TERS-WATER, ii. A minersil- water of Germany, of medicinal power or refreshing quality, richly impreg- nated with carbonic acid gas. It is named from the village of Selters, in Nassau, whence much of it is ob- tained. SEL'VAGEE, Ipor "skin," read skein. SELVAGEE'. T" SELVE,t a. [From self.] Same ; very.— In the selve moment, in the same mo- ment.—/)) the selve place, in the same place, or in the very place. [O)a«co)-.] SELV EN,t "• rOiiginally, the accus. case sing, of self.] Used sometimes for Self, and sometimes fcrSELvES.[C/iaM- cer. ] SEL'Y,t a. [See Sillv.] Silly; simple; harmless. [Chaucer.] SEL'YNESS.t n. [Sax. sahy, happy, prosperous.] Happiness. [Chaucer.] SEMAPHOR'IC, ( a. Telegraphic; SE.MAPHOR ICAL,) relating to a semaphore. . , . i SEM'BLAUNT.t n. [Fr. semblant.] Seeming; appearance. {Chaucer^ SEMEIOL'OGY, instead of SEMEIO - LOOY. See Semeiotics. SEMEIOT'IC, instead of SEMEIO - TIC SEMEIOTICS, instead of SEMEIO'- TICS. , , SEMELICHE.t \a. Seemly; comely. SEME'LY.t I [Chaucer.] S£ME'LIESTE,t a. supcrl. Most seem- ly. [Chaucer.] SEMELYHEDE,t n. [See Seemli- hed] Seemliness ; comeliness, [tliaii- cer 1 SE'MEN-CON'TRA, i). A strong aro- matic bitter drug, imported from Alepi o and Barbarv as a vermifuge, and said to be produced from the leaves and flower- heads of Artemisia siebcri. It is also known by the names of semcncme and barbotine. SEM IBRIEF, n. Same as SEMinnEVE. SEM'I-CALCIN'ED, instead otSLM I- 1 CALCINED. SEND SENSUOUS SEPTUM SEM'I-CIR€UiAI'FEKENCE, n. Half the circumference. SEM'ieON, n. An ancient five-stringed musical instrument, resembling a iiarp. SEM'I€OPE,t n. [L. smi, and Eng. cope^ An ancient clerical garment, being a half or short cloak. \_Cliaucei'.\ SEJU€U BIt'AL, instead of SEMI- CUBICAL. SEMI-DI'TGNE, instead of SEJI'I- DH'ONE. SEM'I-FLORET, instead of SEMI- FLOR'ET. SEM'I-FLOS'€ULAK, a. Same as Semi-Flosculoi,'s, SEM'I-FLOS'€ULE,instead of SEMI- FLOSCULE. SEM'I-FLOSeULOSE, a. Same as Semi-Flosculous. SEM'IFORM, n. An imperfect form. SEM'I-HORAL, ii stead of SEJII- HOR AL. SEJIILU'NAR, a. [add.] Semilunar notch, in anal., an indentation in the form of a half-moon, between the cora- coid process, and the superior border of the scaj)ula. SEM'I-MIN IMA, n. In music, a half minim, or crotchet. SEM'I-NUDE, a. [L. semi, and nudus, naked.] Half-naked. SEMI-NYMPH, instead of SEMI- NYMPII. SEM'I-O'FAL, H. -\n imperfect sort of opal. SEM'I-OPAQUE', instead of SEMI- OPAQUE. SEMIOT'ieS, n. phir. See Semei- OTICS. SEM'I-PARAB'OLA, n. Half a para- bola. SEM'I-PRO'TOLITE, n. [add.] This term is obsolete. SEM'ISOUN.t >i- [L. semi, half, and S071US, a sound.] A half sound ; a low, or broken tone. [Ciuiucer.] SEM'I-SPl'NAL MUSCLES, n. In anai., two muscles connected with the transverse and spinous processes of the vertebriB. SEMIT'ie, a. Relating to Shem or his descendants. [See Shemitic] SEMIT'lC LANGUAtiES, instead of SEMITIC LANGUACiES. SEMI- VOCAL, a. instead of SEM'I- VOt'AL. SEMOLINA, n. See Semoi-le. SEMOULE' (pron. sa-mool'), instead of SEM'OULE. 5'eeMANNACROUPin this Su})p. SEMTEBVIVE,n. S'ceSEMPERVivuM. SEM'PLE, a. Low-born ; of mean bii'th ; opposed to (jentle. [Scotch.] SEM'PRE. [It.] In music, throughout. SEMP'STRESSY, n. See Seamstressv. SEN,t I , c- sENs.t r"'''- ^""^''• SEN'ATE, n. Sig. 3. [add.] In the uni- versity of Cambridge, tlie senate is divided into two houses, named regents, and non-regents. The former consists of masters of arts of less than five years' standing, and doctors of less than two, and is called the upper-house, or white- hood house, from its members wearing hoods lined with w hite silk. All other masters and doctors wlio keep their names on the college-books are non^ regents, and compose the lower house, or blachhood-house, from its members wearing black hoods. SENATO'RIOUS,t a. Senatorial. SENA'TUS CONSUL'TUM, instead of SENATUS CONSULTUM;p/wr. ^e- •na'tus Consul'ta. SEND, for Sendetii. [Chaucer.^ SEN'DALL.t SENDALE.t SENDELLE cer.] SENE^t )2>p.andirtyin.of,S'e(5ee.)Seen, SEN,f ( or to see. {^Chaucer.^ SENEBIERA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Cruciferae; sometimes called Coronopiis. 5. Corono/'»A', common wart- cress, is a native of Europe and North America^ and was formerly eaten as a 6'alad. S. didyma is a native of Great Britain, growing on waste ground near the sea. S, nilutica is eaten as a salad in Egypt. SENEGA, n. See Senega. SENECTI'N^, Ji. Sea-snails, a sub- family of the Trochidae, named from the genus Senectus. SEN'ESCHALLS,t n. lAur. [See Se- NEScnAi,.] Governors. [Spenser.'\ SEN'ESCHALSIIIP, n. The office of seneschal. SEN(*;E,f V. t. [Sax. scengan.] To singe. [Chaucer ] S EN'IOK-WR ANGLER, n. See "Wrangler. SEN'IORY, n. Same as Seniority. [Shah.] SEN'NA, n. [add.] Alexandrian senna, the Cassia acufifolia. — Blnrd-leaved senna, Cassia obovata, a native of Egypt and India, but less esteemed than C. acutifolia. — Tinnivelbj senna, Cassia elonrjata, a native of Arabia. — Bladder-senna, the Colutea arborescens, a native of the south of Europe, and employed to adulterate blunt-leaved senna. — Scorpion -senna, the CoroniUa emerus, a native of the south of Europe. The leaves are purgative and drastic, but arc inconvenient on account of their griping effects. SEN'NACHY, n. A Highland bard; an antiquary, or genealogist. [See Sean- NACiiiE in this Supp.] SENSA'TION, ». [add.] 2. Feeling awakened by external objects, or by some change in the internal state of the body ; as, a sensation of heaviness, &c.— 3. Feeling awakened by imma- terial objects; as, sensations of awe in the Divine presence. — 4. A state of excited interest or feeling; as, the sensation caused by the appearance of that work is still remembered by many. [Loj-d Brougham.] — Sensation differs from perception, which is the know- ledge of external objects, consequent on sensation. SENSA'TIONAL, a. Relating to, or implying sensation. SENSE, n. [add.] Impression upon the senses. [Shah.\ SENS'IBLE, a. [add.] In the French language, this term is applied to a body capable of receiving, of producing, or of conducting sensations. SENS'IBLY, adi\ [add.] Feelingly. SENS'ITIVE,t n. Something that feels; sensorium. SENS'ITIVENESS, n. [add.] The state of having quick and acute sensibility to impressions upon the mind and feel- ings. SENSITIVITY, n. A term proposed to be employed in physiology instead of sensibility, to denote that property of living parts by which they are capable of receiving impressions by means of the nervous system. SENS'ORY, a. Relating to the senso- rium. [Rare.^ SENS'UOUS, a. [add.] Sensual f ; full of sense, feeling, or passion ; pathetic ; abounding in sensible images; compre- hensible. 355 SENS'UOUSLY, adv. In a sensuou3 manner. SENS'UOUSNESS, n. Quality of being sensuous. SENT,t n. [Fr. senfeur, from sentir; L. seyitio.] Scent; sensation; perception, [Spen.ter.] SENTENCE, ». [add.] Sense;meaning. [Chaucer.] SENTEN'TIAILY, adv. By means uf sentences. SEN'TERY, n. A sentinel. [See Sen- try.] SEN'TIENCY, n. Perception ; feeling. SEN'TIENTLY, adv. In a sentient or perceptive manner. SEN'TIJIEXT, n. [add.] A striking sentence in a composition. SENTIMENT'AL, a. [add.] Abound- ing in sensibility; exciting to sensi- bility; pathetic ; having feeling ; having afl'ected sensibility. SENTIMENT'ALISM, n. [add.] Qua- lity of being sentimental; aii'cctatioii of sentiment or sensibility. SE'PAHI, n. In the East Indies, a na- tive soldier. [See Sepoy. J SEP'ALOUS, a. Relating to, or having sepals. SEP ARABLE, a. [add.] Separating. [Shak.] SEP'ARATE, a. [add.] Separate estate, property given to the separate use of a married woman. — Separate mainten- ance, a provision made by a husband for tlie sustenance of his wife ; where they have come to a resolution to live sepa- rately. SEPARA'TION, n. [add.] Separutiun a mensa et thoro or ioro. [See Mensa ET TORO.] SEPARATIVE, a. Tending to sepa- rate. SEPELIBLE,ta.[L.«cpefio.] That may be buried. SEPOY, n. For "2100," read 21,000. SEPTANGLE, n. A figure having seven sides and seven angles; a hep- tagon. SEPTA'RIA, n. A genus of acephalous molluscs belonging to the family Tubi- colees of Lamarck. — In hot., a genus of fungi belonging to the tribe Gasteromy- SEPTEM'VIR, n. plur. Septem'viri. fL.] One of seven men, joined in any oHice or commission. SEPTEM'VIRATE, n. The office of the septemviri ; a government of seven persons. SEPTEN'NIUM, n. [L.] A period of seven years. SEPTENTRIONAL'ITY.-f-n. State of being northern ; northerliness. SEPTEN TRION ALLY, arfu. Norther- ly; towards the north. SEPTICIDAL, instead of SEPTICI- DAL. SEP'TIMAL, a. Relating to the num- ber seven. SEPTISYL'LABLE, n. A word of seven syllables. SEP'TON, n. [add.] A gas compounded of azote and oxygen. SEPTUAGENARIAN, n. A person seventy years of age, SEPTUM, «. [add. J An inclosure; any place paled in. — Septum cordis, in anat., the partition between the two ven- tricles of the heart; called also septum ventricutorum. — Septum auriculanim, the partition which separates the right from the left auricle of the heart. — Septum lucidum, tlie internal boundary of the lateral ventricle of the brain. — Septum transver.tum, the diaphragm. — SERio-coanc SERVAND SET I Septum nariunu the partition between tlie nostrils. I SEPULXHRALIZE, v. t. To render j sepulchral or solemn. SEPUL'€HKE, w, /. instead of SEP'- ULCHRE. Pron. sepuKker. SEPULXHRED, pp. Deposited in u sepulchre. SEPULTURE,! n. [add.] The grave. [Chaucer.] SEQUELA, n. [L. from scquoi; to fol- low.] In patho., a morbid affection which follows another, as anasarca after scarlatina, &c. — Seqicela cun'(P in laic, a suit of court. — Sequela caustp, the process and depending issue of a cause for trial. SE'QUENCE, n. [add.] Consecution; succession, SEQUEN'TIAL,t a. Succeeding; fol- lowing. SEQUESTRA'TION, n. [add.] In law, the separating or settiu;^ aside of a thing in controversy from the posses- sion of both the parties that contend for it. It is twofold — voluntartj, when done by consent of the parties, and necessary, when a judge orders it. SEQUESTRATOR, instead of SE- QUESTRA'TOR. SEQUESTRUM, n. [L. seqjtcstro, to sever.] In patho., vhe portion of bono which is detached in necrosis. SERAI, instead of SE'RAL SERALBU'iMEN, n. Albumen obtiiined from the serum of the blood. SERAPHTCALLY, adv. In the man- ner of a seraph ; angelically. SERAPH'It'ALNESS, n. The quality of being seraphic. [Bar. vs.] SERAPH IClSM,t n. The quality of a seraph. SER'CEL, n. See Sarcel in this Supp. SERE, n. An affection of the throat, by which the lungs are tickled. [5/(«A.] SERF, 71. [add. I A slave attached to an estate, as in Russia ; a peasant ; a boor. SER'GEANCY, n. The office of a ser- geant, or serieant-at-law. SER'6EANT,t n. [See Serjeant.] A squire, attendant upon a prince or nobleman ; a footman or soldier avIio served on foot. [Chaucer, Cotgrave.'] SEKI€'ULUS. n. [Scriceus, silky, from its glossy phniiage.l A genus of Aus- tralian birds belonging to the family of the orioles. S. chrysocephalus is known by the name of the regent-bird. [See Rf.gent-Bird in this Supp.] SE'RIE, for Series. [Chaticcr.] SE'RIES, n. [add.] Arithmetical series, a series in which each term differs from the preceding, by the addition or sub- traction of a constant number or quan- tity ; or it is a series in which the terms increase or decrease bv a conimon dif- ference ; as, 1, 3, o, 7, 9, 11, &c. ; or 1(\ 8, C, 4, 2, 0, —2, —4, — 6. &c. Algebrai- cally, a, u-^d, a-\--2d, a-{-'3d, o-j-lrf, &c. ; or r. z~d, z—M, z—3d, z^-id, &c. ; where a represents the least term, z the greatest, and d the common differ- ence. — Geometrical series, a series in whicl\ the terms increase or decrease by a common multiplier or common divisor, termed the common ratio. [See Progression.] — Indetermiijafe scries, one whose terms proceed by the powers of an indeterminate quantity. SER'ING, ppr. Serving; sufficing.— As a noun, as much as serves the turn. [Scotch.] [See Sairing in this Supp.] SE RIOXOM It;, SE RIO-t'OMT- €AL, instead of SERIO-COMlt', SER 10-t:0M'l€AL. SE'RIOUS, a- [add.] Serious hours, private hours. [Shak.] SERJEANT, n. [add.] The monopoly enjoyed by the Serjeants in the court of common-pleas, during term-time, has been recently abolished, and the court thrown open to the bar generally. — Sei'jeants of the household, otticers wlio execute several functions within the royal household, as the serjeant-suv- geon, &c. — Inferior Serjeants, Serjeants of the mace In corporations, officers of the county, &c. There are also Ser- jeants of manors, of the police, &c. SERJEANT-AT-ARMS,;*. 5ee Ser- jeant. SER'JEANT-€OUNT'OR, n. A ser- jeant-at-law. SERMOC INATOR, instead of SER- MOCINA'TOR. SERMON'ieAL, a. Like a sermon; hortatory. [Rare. ] SER'MONINCr,! n. [add.] The act of preaching. [Chaucer.] SEU'MONIST. n. A writer of sermons. SERMCrNIUM, n. [L.] An interlude or historical play, formerly acted by the inferior orders of the Catholic clergy, assisted by youths, in the body of the church. SER'MONiZlNG, n. The act of com- posing sermons; the act of preaching sermons; the act of instructing or of admonishing in a formal manner. SER'OLINE, n. [L. serum.] A peculiar kind nf fat contained in the blood. SERON', n. See Seroon. SERPENS, n. [L. a serpent.] A north- ern constellation. [See Serpent.] SER'PENTARY, h. A plant, the Aris- iolochia serpentaria. [See Serpen- TARIA.] SER'PENT-EATER, n. The secretary- bird, Gypogeranus serpentarius. [See Secketary-Birt>.] SERPENTIA, n. plur. [L.] Serpents; a family of reptiles of the order Ophi- dia. [See Serpent,] SER'PENTiZE, v. i. To meander; to serpentine. SERPENT-LIKE, o. Like a serpent. SER'PENrS-TONGUE, n. [add.] A name given to the fossil teeth of a spe- cies of shark, because they resemble tongues with their roots. SER'PULA, n. A genus of cephalo- branchiateannelidans, inhabiting cylin- drical and tortuous calcareous tubes ; generally parasitic on testaceous mol- Insca. [See SERPULiDiC.] SERPU'LEANS, n. See Serpulidj:. SER'RA, n. [L. a saw.] In anat., a den- tation, or tooth-like articulating pro- cess of certain bones, as those of the cranium. SERRAFAL'CITS,H. A genus of grasses belonging to the tribe Festueinefe. S. sccalinus, and S. racemusus, are natives of Great Britain. SERRA TUS, a. [L.] Serrated; applied to muscles and other parts from their serrated appearance. SERRULA'TION, «. A notching; an indentation. SERTULA'RID.E, n. A family of poly- piaria, including the genus Sertularia of Linn. SE'RUM LAC'TIS, n. [L.] Whey; the fluid part of milk separated from the curd and oil. SERV'ABLE, a. Capable of being served. SERV'AGE,t n. [Fr.] Servitude. [Chau- cer.] SERV'AND.t ppr. of Serve. Serving. [Chaucer.] SERVANT-MAID, n. A female oi- maid servant. SERVANT- MAN, ?i. A male or man servant. SERVE, r. t. [add.] To serve a rope, in seamen's Ian., to wind something, as spun yarn, &c., tight round it, to pre- vent it from being chafed by friction. — To serve up, to expose to ridicule ; to expose. [Cant Ian.] SERVER, 71. [add.] One who serves. SERVICE, 11. [add.] Secular service, in law, worldly service, in contradis- tinction from spiritual or ecclesiastical service. SERVICEABLE, a. [add.] Capable or iit for military duty. SERVICEAtiE,t H. State of servitude. SERVICE BERRY, n. A North Ame- rican wild plant and its fruit, said to be a sort of cross between the cranberry and the black currant. It is a good article of food. SERVILE, n. In gram., a letter which forms no part of the original root; op. posed to radical. Also, a letter of a word which is not sounded, as the final e in peace, plane, kc. SERVING, ppr. [add.] Serving foreign states, in law, an offence against the government, as being a breach of one's allegiance. SERVX'TIUM, ». [L.] In law, service; servitude. SERVITURE,! n. Servants collective- ly; the whole body of servants in a family. [Milton.] SESAMOID AL.rt. 5ce Sesamoid. SESBAN, n. A leguminous plant. [See Sesbania,] SESCUN'CIA, H. [L. sesquiuncia.] An ounce and a-half. SESt^U'PLE, a. [L. sesqui, and plica, a fold-] One and a-half fold ; as,sescuplo- carburet, one and a-half fold carburet. SES'QU1-H0'RA,«. [L.] An hour and a-half. SESQUIPEDAL'ITY, «. The space of a foot and a-half. SES'QUIPES, n. [L.] A foot and a-half. SES'SION, n. [add.] Great session of Wales, a court which was abolished by 1 William IV., c. 70; the proceedings now issue out of the courts at West- minster, and two of the judges of the superior courts hold the circuits in Wales and Cheshire, as in other Eng- lish counties. — General session of the peace, a meeting of the justices, held for the purpose of acting judicially for the whole district comprised within their commission. The sessions that are held once every quarter of the year are called the gentral quarter-sessions oftkepeacc. The criminal jurisdiction of justices in general, and quarter-ses- sions, is now defined by the o and ii Vict, c. '3S. SF^S'SIONAL, a. Relating to a session; relating to a church session; as, ses- sional schools in Scotland. SES'TERCE, «. [add.] The sestertium pondus was two pounds and a-half, or one hundred thousand sesterces, equal to £8, lis. Id., before the reign of Au- gustus. After his reign it was valued at £7, iGs. Sd. It was originally coined only in silver, but afterwards both in silver and brass. SES'TETT, n. See Sestet. SES'TINE, n. A stanza of six lines. SET, V. t. [add.] To compose. [67mA.] — To set much by, to regard much ; tu esteem greatly. — To set great store by, to set great value upon; to appreciate highly. [Familiar.] — To set sail, to SEVOEJA SHAB SHAMANISJI make sail, or to commence sailing. — Tu set up rujging, among seamen, to in- crease the tension of the rigging by tackles. SET, v. i. To become one as to man- ners, rank, merit ; to become one as to dress; to tit ; to suit. [Scutch.] SET, V. i. [add.] To set forth, to begin a course ; to set out ; as, to set forth in the world. set; n. ladd.J Set of a current, the di- rection of the current. A current which flows towards the S.S.W. quar- ter is said to set S.S.W. — Set of ex- change, the name given to several parts of the same bill of exchange, any one part of which set being paid, the others are to be void. SET.t for Setteth. \Chaucer.'\ SET,t for Sf.tte, pp. of Seite. \Chaucer.'\ SETA EQUl'NA, n. [L.] The horse- hair worm, or gordius, found in stagnant marshes and ditches in various parts of Europe. [Obsolete.^ SET -BOLT, \n. In ship-building, an SETT'-EOLT, j iron bolt for faying planks close to each other. SET'-DOWN, 71. [add.] A rebuff; an unexpected and overwhelming answer or reply. SETE'WALE.t ". Setwall, a species of valerian. \ Chaucer.] SETHE.t V. i. or i. To seethe ; to boil. \Chaucer.] SETHE,t for SETUED,t pret. of Sethe. \ Chaucer. '\ SETHE, ^ SEETHE, I , ■ , », SEATI! L". A name given to the coal- S VITH ' I ^^^^' — '^'^'f^^ch see. [Scotch.] SEY, ' J SETTE,t V. t. [See Set.] To set; to place; to put; to fix. — To selte cas, to put the case ; to suppose. — To put a value on a thing; to rate; as, / nolde sette his sorrow at a imjte, I would not value his sorrow at a mite. — To sette a man's cnppe, to make a fool of hira. SETTEE'-BED, n. A bed that turns up in the form of a settee. SET'TEIl, M. [add,] Setter-forth, afro- claimer. — Setter-on, an instigator; an inciter, SET TING, n. [add.] In ship-huilding, making the planks of a vessel tit close to the timbers and to one another. — Setting-pole, a pole pointed with iron, used for propelling vessels or boats up rivers in shallow water. SETTLE, V. t. [add.] To lower or cause to sink. SETTLE-BED, n. A bed constructed BO as to form a seat ; a half-canopv bed. SEUKE'MENT.t «. [Sure, and -ment.] Security in a legal sense. [Chaucer.] SEORE'TEE.t n. Surety in a legal sense; security. [Chaucer.] SEVEN, n. (sev'n.) The number of six and one. SEVERAL, a. [add.] Several action, in law, a particular single action — Several covenant, a covenant by two or more separately. — Several inheritance, an in- heritance conveyed so as to descend to two persons severally by moieties, &c. — Several tail, is where land is entailed on two separately. — Several tenancy, a tenancy in which the tenants are sepa- rate, and not joined. SEVEliALL,f af/u. Severally; asunder; as, they parted severall. [Spenser.] SEVEKALS, n.plur. Details. [Shah.] SEVERE', a. Sig 10. [add.] Difficult to be endured. SEVERE'NESS, n. Severity. SEVOE JA, li. A Mexican plant, the Helonias frigida. It possesses acrid and poisonous qualities, and is used as an anthelmintic. SE'VOJI,) TT 1 T II SE'BIIM,)"- [^-l Tallow; suet. SEW.t V. t. [add.] To pursue. [Fr. 5!/irr(?.] [Spenser.] SEW,t n. A viand ; a kind of pottage. [Gower.] SEW,+ I V. t. or !. [From assaij.] To SEWE,t j assay, or taste meats or drinks before they are served up, or in presence at the table. SEW'A(5E, n. (so'aj.) The matter car- ried off by sewers. SE'-WARD, \ n. One who guards the SEA'-WARD, I sea-coast. SEWDE,t pret. of Sew. Pursued. [ Spenser.] SEWE.t I', t. [See Sue.] To follow. [ Chaucer.] SEWEDjf pp. Assayed or tasted, as SEWER, n. [add.] In English laiv, the term sewer includes all defences of the land against the sea, and against inun- dation by land-Hoods, rivers, water- courses, &c., either navigable or entered by the tide, — Commissioners of sewers, commissioners appointed by the lord- chancellor, lord- treasurer, and the two chief-justices. The authority of the commissioners extends over all de- fences, whether natural or artificial, situate by the coasts of the sea, all rivers, water-courses, &c., either navig- able or entered by the tide, or which directly or indirectly communicate with such rivers. SEW'ER.t n. [add.] An officer, pro- perly, who tastes or makes trial of a prince's meat and drink. Hence the word is most probably derived from Fr. essnyeur. SEWES,!".}'''"-. Dishes. Supposed to be derived from Fr. essayeur. [Chaucer.] SEWING-NEEDLE, n. A needle used in sewing. SEXAG'ENARY, a. instead of SEX'- AGENARY. SEXAGES'IMAL, instead of SEXA- GESIMAL. SEXDEC'IMAL, a. [add.] This term is not used. SEXDIG'ITISM, 71. [L. sex, six, and digitus, a finger or toe.] The state of having six fingers on one hand or six toes on one foot. SEXDIGITIST, «. One who has six fingers on one hand or six toes on one foot. SEXDUODEC'IMAL, a. [add.] This term is not used. SEXHINDMEN, n. In Saxon times, the middle thanes, who were valued at colli. SEXISYL'LABLE, n. .\ word having six syllables. SEXTERY-L.ANDS, In. Lands given SEX'TRY-LANDS, / to a church or religious house for maintenance of a sexton or sacristan. SEX'TETT, 71. See Sestet. SEX'TO, 71. [L.] A book formed by folding each sheet into six leaves. SEY, 71. A sort of woollen cloth ; say. [Scotch.] SEY, 11. The opening in a gown or shift, through which the arm passes — Bach- ::ey, a sirloin of beef. [Scotch.] SEY, V. t. To strain any liquid, as milk. [Scotch.] SEYE.t pret. of See. Saw. [Chancer.] SIIAB, V. t. [Ger. schaben, to rub.] To rub or scratch, as a dog or cat scratch- ing itself. 357 SHAB,t V. i. [add.] To retreat or skulk- away meanly or clandestinely. [A loii cant word.] SHAB'BLE, 71. A crooked sword or hanger ; a cutlass. [Scotch.] SilAOK, 71. [add.] Grain shaken from the ripe ear, eaten by hogs, &c., after harvest ; small gleanings of grain or acorns. [Grose.] SHACK' ATORY, ti. An Irish hound. SHADDE,t pret. of Shede {Shed}. Fell in drops. [Chaucer.] SHADDE.t j>i-c(. of Shade. Shaded; covered with shade. [Chancer.] SHAD ILY, instead of SII.VD'ILY. SHAFT, 71. A handle ; as, a whip shaft. [Scotch] SHAFT'-HORSE, 7i. The horse that goes in the shafts or thills of a chaise or gig. SHAG-EARED, a. Having shaggy ears, [Shah. ] SIIAII-NA'MAH, 71. [Per. the Booh of Kings.] The most ancient and cele- brated poem of the modern Persian language, by the poet Firdousi. I SHAKE, I', i. [add.] To rouse suddenly and violently ; as, to shake one from a trance^ [Thomson.] SIIAKEE', 71. An East Indian coin, of the value of about 3d. sterling. SHAKE'-FORK, 71. A fork to toss hay about. [Local.] SHAKES, 71. plur. Staves of large casks bound up closely together to save stowage space. — The shahes, the fever and ague. [American.] — No great shahes, of little value; little worth. [Colloq.] SHAK'ING QUAKER, 71. A member of the religious sect called Shakers. [.^iiieriCflTi.] SHAKSPERIAN, 1 u. Relating to, or SHAKSPEA'RIAN,! like Shakspere. SHAL,t for Shall. [Chaucer.] SHALE,t 71. A shell or husk. [Chaucer.] SHALLOW-PATED, a. Of weak mind ; silly. SH^LM.t \n. (pron. shawm.) [add.] SHAWM,t ) A wind instrument of music, much like the clarionet in form. SHAL'MIES.t'i. r&eSHALM.] Shalms. According to some, shalms were mu- sical stringed instruments, otherwise called psalteries; but, according to others, they were little pipes made of reeds, or of wheaten or oaten straw. [Fr. chcdcmic] [Chaucer.] SHAM, a. [add.] Sham-plea, in laio, a plea entered for the mere purpose of delay. SHAM, V. t. [add.] To make a pretence in order to deceive ; to perform negli- gently or carelessly; to slight. — To sham Abraham. [See the Verb intran., under which, this term is improperly placed.] SHAM'AN, 71. [add.] A professor or priest of Shamanism. SHAM'AN, a. Relating to Shamanism. SHAM'ANISM, n. [add.] A general name applied to the idolatrous religions of a number of barbarous nations, com- prehending those of the Finnish race, as the Ostiaks, Samoyedes, and other inhabitants of Siberia, as far as the Pacific Ocean. These nations generally believe in a Supreme Being, but that the government of the world is in the hands of a number of secondary gods both benevolent and malevolent to- wards man. The general belief respect- ing another life appears to be, that tlie condition of man will be poorer and more wretched than the present; henco death is an object of great dread. SHAWM SHEELING-HILL SHELLUM SUaME, h. [adj.] Decency. ^ For shame pul on your govii. Sf(«r. Sheets. [Chaucer.] II.— Sui>p. SHETTE,t 1 ". '. To close, or shut. SHET,t ) [Chaucer.] SHETTE,t)7"rt- and PP- of Sheite. SHET,t ) Shut; closed; straitened. [Chancer.] SHEWETH. The old 3d pers. sing, of Sheu\ used in petitions, &c. SHEY'TAN, n. A demon; a devil; a jinnee, — which see in this Supp. SHI'AH, n. A Mahometan of the sect of All; a Shiite. [See Shiites. ] SHIE, i«. I. [add.] To toss obliquely; SHY, J to throw askance. StlliSL, i: t. To take out of the husk ; to shell. [ Scotch.] SHIFT, n. [add.] A change of men; a term used in reference to relays of workmen employed in mines, on rail- ways, or other work. — To mahe a shift, to contrive; to use expedients; to find ways and means to do something, or overcome a difficulty. SHIFT, V. i. [add.] To digress; as, to shift out of a tale. ( Shah.] — To divide; to part; to distribute. [Chancer.] SHIFT'ABLE, a. That may be shifted or changed. SHIFT ING or SEG'ONDARY USE, n. In law. [See Use.] SHIFTING-CENTRE, n In ship- building, the metacentre, — ivhich see. SHIFTY, a. Changeable; shifting. [Rar. us.] SHIKARREE', n. In the East Indies, a native attendant hunter. SHlLDE,t if. '. To shield. — Gorf SHELDE.t f shilde, God shield or forbid, [Chaucer.] SHILLEL'AH, n. In Ireland, an oaken sapling or cudgel, said to be from a wood of that name famous for its oaks. SIIILP'IT, a. Weak; washy, and in- sipid. [Scotch.] SHIN, V. i. To borrow money. [Ame- ricnn cant term.] SHIN'DY, n. A row; a spree. [Ame- rican.] 1 SH1NE,+ II. *. To cause to shine. j SHINE, n. [add.] To take the shine off, or out of, to surpass in beauty or excel- I leuce; to outshine. [CoUocpdal.] — To mahe a shine, to make a great display. [Colloquial.— To hick up a shine, to j raise a distnrbauce, or make a row. I [Local.] SHINE, f a. Armour shine, armour sheen ; armour bright or shining. I [ Spenser.] I SUIN'ER, n. He or that which shines. I — In America, the popular name for the Ci/prinus lenciscus, or dace; also a name given to other small fish, from i their glittering or shining appearance. j The New York shiner is a small fish of I the genus Stilbe. SHIN'ERS, n. A raiif vulgar name for I bright pieces of money. SHIN GLE-BALLAST, 71. Ballast com- I posed of gravel. I SHINGLER, n. One who shingles; a [ workman who attends a shinglijig ham- mer or machine. SHIN'NER,H. A person who goes about among his acquaintances borrowing money to meet the emergency of a note at bank, or with the view of making a profit. The practice itself is called shinning. [American cant term.] SHIN-PLASTER, n. A cant term for a bank-note or any paper-money. [Ame rican.] SHINTY, n. A Scotch game; an in- ferior species of golf; also, the club or stick used in playing the game. SHIP, n. After Ship's husband, leave out the words " in Scotland." 35!) SHIP, II. t. [add.] To fix or insert any- thing in its proper place; as, to ship the oars. SHIP, V. i. [add.] To enter on board of SHIP-BREAKER, n. A person whose occupation is to take vessels to pieces. SHIP-CHANDLERY, n. The business and commodities of a ship-chandler. SHIP'FUL, n. As much as a ship will hold. SHIP'MAN,t n. [add.] The master of a ship. [Chancer.] SHIP-OWNER, n. [add.] A person who has a right of property in a ship or vessel, or any share therein. SHIPPER,-)- n. The master of a vessel, or skipper; a seaman. SHIP'-PROPELLER, n. Sec Screw- propeller under Screw. SHIP'S'-HUSBAND, n. A peculiar sort of agent created and delegated by tlie owner or owners of a vessel, to look after the repairs, efiuipment, affreight- ment, management, and other concerns of the ship. SHIP'S'-PAPERS, n. See under Ship. SHIR AZ',7'. A Persian wine from Shiraz. SIIIRE'MAN, n Anciently, the judge of the county, by wdiom trials for land, &c., were determined before the Con- quest. SHIRE'-REEVE,t n. A sheriff. [See Sheriff.] SHIRK, V. i. To shark; to practise mean or artful tricks ; to live scantily, or by using expedients ; to live by one's wits, — To sliirk off, to sne.ak away. [Familiar. ] SHIRK, V. t. To procure by mean tricks; to shark ; to get oft' from ; to avoid. [Familiar.] SHIRK'ING, n. The practice of mean tricks ; sharking. SHlRL,t a. Shrill. SHIRTE,t A shirt; a skirt or lap. [Chaucer.] SHOAL, r. (. Among seamen, when a vessel proceeds from a greater into a lesser depth of water, she is said to shoal her water. SHOCK, V. i. [add.] To meet with hos- tile violence; to be offensive. SHOCK'-DOG, n. A dog having very long silky hair. SHODDY-MILL, n. A mill employed in the manufacture of yarn from old woollen cloths, and refuse goods. SIU)DE,t pret. and pp. of Shoe. Shod ; having shoes on. [Chaucer.] SHOE'-TIE, n. A shoe-string. SHOFE,t/"'<;'of*'A<«'e. Pushed; thrust. I Chaucer.] SHOG'GING, ppr. Shaking; jogging. [Scotch.] SHOLE,t a. [See SnoaL.] Shallow. [Spenser.] SHONDE.t n. [From Shend, v. (.] Harm; injury. [Chaucer^ SHOOL, V. I. To shovel. [Scotch.] SHOOL, n. A shovel. [Scotch.] SHOOT, \n. In A'. America, a passage- SHilTE, i way on the side of a steep hill or mountain, down which wood and timber are thrown or slid. In the western territories, the term is applied to places where a river is artificially contracted, in order to increase the depth of the water. In Lower Canada, a shoot is a place where the stream, being confined by rocks which appear above water, is shot through the aper- ture with great force. SHOOTS, n. ptur. Annual growths; the annual layers of growth on the shells of oysters, &c. SHOOTY, a. Of equal growth or size; 8r SHOT SHREDDY SHULLEN coming up regularly in the rows, as , potatoes. [Local.] SHOP'-BILL, II. An aavertisement of a shopkeeper's business or list of his goods, printed separately for distribu- tion. SHOP'-BOY, II. A boy employed in a shop. SHOPE,+ pret. of Shape. Shaped; framed. [CJiaucer.] SIIOP'-KEEPING, n. The business of keeping a shop. SHOP -JI.VID, n. A young woman who attends in a shop. SHOPOC RACY, n. The body of shop- keepers. [Ludicrous.] SHOP'PER, n. One who frequents shops. SHOP'-UENT, II. Rent paid for t!ie use of a shop. SHOP -WINDOW, n. The window of a shop. SHOP-WOJf AN, n. A woman who serves in a shop. SHOK'ACiE, n. Duty paid for goods broui::iit on shore. SHORE, n. [add.] Dog-shores, shores used to prevent a vessel from starting while the keel-blocks are in the act of being taken out preparatory to launch- ing. — S/tdj-shores, pieces of plank put up endways under the after-part of the keel of a heavy ship, to steady the after- part a little at the moment of launch- ing. — Simr-shores, or spurs, shores placed in a horizontal position, or set up diagonally, so as to serve as braces or struts. SHORE,t lip. of Shere {Shear). Shorn. [Chaucer.] SHORED, pp. or a. [add.] Having a bank or shore. SHORED, pp. Threatened ; offered. [Scotch.] SHORE'-LAND, ii. Land bordering on a shore or sea- beach. SHORE-WEED, instead of SHORE- WEED. SHORT, a. [add.] To be short, to be laconic; to be brief; to be concise. SHORT, adv. [add.] To take up short, to take to task abruptly; to check sud- denly ; to reprimand ; as, the gentleman took him up very short. SHORT-ARMED, a. Having short arms. SHORT -BILLED, a. Having a short bill. SHORTE.t V. i. To make short; to shorten. [Chaucer.] SHORT'-EARED.a.Havingshortears. SHORTENER, ii. He or that wliich shortens. SHORTENING, «. [add.] A making short or shorter. SHORT-FINGERED, rt. Having short fingers. SHOUT'-FOOTED, «. Having short feet. SHORT'-HAlRED, «. Having short hair. SHORT-HORNED, a. Having short horns; as, the short-horned breed of cattle. SHORT-LEGGED, n. Having short legs. SHORT-NECKED, a. Having a short neck. SHORT'-NOSED, a. Having a short nose. SHORTS, II. plur. Small clothes; breeches. [CuUocptiat.] SHORT-TAILED, a Having a short tail. SHOT, II. [add.] One who shoots; a shooter; a sportsman; as, he is an excellent shot. — Sfirapnell - shell, or spherical case-shot. [See Shrapnel- Shells.] — 7'-' shot theguns. This term should have been placed under the verb. SHOT, V. t. [add.] To be shot of, to be freed or rid of. [Colloquial and pro- vincial.] SHOT.t pp. of Shette. Shut. [Chaucer.] SHOTE, n. [add.] A young hog; a pig partially grown ; an idle, worthless man. Also written shot, shoat, sheet, sheat, and shoot. [Provincial.] SHOT'ER.f H. A shooter; the yew-tree, so called, because bows were usually made of it. [Chaucer.] SHOTTEN, a. [add.] Shotlen herring, a gutted herring dried for keeping; a lean, meagre fellow, in contempt. — Shotten milh, som-, curdled milk. [Local.] SHOTTES.t «. plur. Arrows; darts; anvthing that is shot. [Chaucer.] SHOT-WINDOW, n. A small win- dow, chiefly filled with a board that opens and shuts ; a projecting window. [Scotch.] SHoUL'DEPv, n. [add] Shoulder-of- muiton-sail, a triangular sail, so called BoLit with Shou]Jer.or-nmttoii-sail. from the peculiarity of its form. It is used chietly to set on a boat's mast. SHOULD'N.V, Ic. 1, . re - 7 1 SUD'N-V > Should not. [Scotch.] SHOU'i'HER, n. Shoulder.— To show the cold shouther, to appear cold and reserved. [Scotch.] SllOVE,f pp. of Shove. Shoved ; pushed ; [Chaucer.] SHOVE -GROAT,t «. A sort of game. [Shah.] SHOV'ELARD.t n. A bird, the sho- veller, one of the ducks. SHOV'ELFUL.H. As much as a shovel will hold, SHOVELLER, n. [add.] One who shovels, SHOW'ER,u.!.[add.]Tofallasashower; as, tears showered down his cheeks. SHOWERINESS, n. The state of being showery. SHOW'-GLASS,)!, A showman's glass; a mirror. SHOWMAN, II. One who exhibits shows. SHOW'-PLaCE, n. A place for public exhibitions. SHOWVE.t I', t. To push; to shove. [Chaucer.] SHRAM, V. I. To shrivel; to pincli, [Local.] SHRAP'NELL- SHELLS, instead of SHRAPNEL- SHELLS, «. [add.] These shells are so named from Gene- ral Slirapnell, the inventor. They ai-e also called spherical case-shot. SHRED'DING,n. [add.] A cutting into shreds. SHRED'DY, a. Consisting of shreds or fragments. 3G0 SHREWD, a. [add.] Originally, mali- cious; troublesome; mischievous; bad; betokening ill ; as, a shrewd sign. [Ac- cording to Home Tooke, shrewd is de- rived from si/rwcd or si/rewed, the past participle of Sax. st/rwan, or sj/rewan, to vex, to molest, to cause mischief to.] SHREWDLY, adv. [add.] Sharply; painfully; as, the air bites shreivdil/- [Shah.] SHREWE,t "-■. t. See Shrew. [Chau- cer.] SHREWE,t n. An ill-tempered, vicious, vexatious man or woman. [Chaucer.] SHREW'ED,t a. Wicked ; impious ; Ul- tempered. [Chaucer.] SHREW'EDNESS.t «. Ill-nature; mis- chievousness. [Chaucer.] SHREW-MOLE, «. An insectivorous quadruped of the genus Scalops, com- mon ill America. Like our mole, the S. aqualicus is very useful to the farmer and gardener, from the great number of worms and insects it destroys. SHREW-MOUSE, H. [add] The shrews may be easily distinguished by their long taper movable snout. Besides the common shrew-mouse, two other spe- cies, the water-shrew, and the oared- shrew, inhabit this country; the habits of both are aquatic, as their names im- port. SHRieH,t V. i. To shriek. [Chaucer.] SHRIEGH, V. i. To shriek. [ScofcA.] SHRIEKING,!!. A crying out with a shrill voice. .SHRIFTE'-FADERS,+ n. pi. Father- confessors. [Chaucer.] SHRIGHT,t for SiiRicnETii, Shriek- eth. SHRiGHTES,+ !i. Shrieks. [Spenser.] SIIRIL'LING, n. A piercing shrill sound. SHRILL'-TONGUED, a. Having a shrill voice, SHRIMP, n. A small crustaceous 6sh, [Sfe Shrimps.] — A little wrinkled man; a dwaif. [Ahak.] SHRINE, V. t. To place in a shrine; to enshrine. SHRITE, 71. A name of the thmsh, SHRIVE,t c. !. Toadminister confession. — To make confession ; with the reci- procal pronoun ; as, to shrive himself oS his sins. [Chaucer.] SHRIVE, I'. *. [add.] To call to confes- sion ; to make to confess, or to disclose. I will shrire YOU of !l thousand pranks S/ialc. SHRIV'EN',t,J!J>. of Shrive. Having made confession. — / have been shriven this day of my curat, I have made my confession this day to my curate, [Chaucer.] SHRIV'ING-TIME, ii. Time of shrift or confession. [Shah.] SHROUD, n. [add.] Formerly, a genera\ term for any sort of clothing, shroud" E,t V. t. See Shroud. [Chaucer.] SHUCK, n. [add.l A shock; a stook. SHUD DEU, V. i. [add.] To shake or shiver with cold. [5«"!//.] SHUDDERING, ii. A trembling or shaking witli fear or horror. SHUF FLE-WING,!!. Alocalnamefor the hedge-sparrow {Accentor viodula- ris), from its peculiar fiiglit. SHULDE,-i-i)!-f( otShul {Shall). Should. [Chaucer. \ SHULDEN,t prel. pi. of Shall. [Chau- cei\] shoot' ('"■ '"^ shovel. [Scotch.] SHULLEN,t) SHULN,t SHUL,t ^ pres. tense pi. of Shall. [Chancer.] SIC SIDE-WIND SIKERLY SHUN, V. i. To decline ; to avoid to do a thing. SHUHF, n. A term expressive of great contempt for a puny, insignificant per- son ; a dwarf. [Scotch.] SHURK. See Shark. SHUT V. t. [add.] To he shut of, to be cleared or rid of. Same as to be shot of. [Loral.] S H T E , D. t. To push ; to shoot. [Sfotch.] SHUT'TLE-€ORK, n. See Sbdttle- COCK. SHy, ;!. A throw; a fling. [Loxo or col- loquial.] SHYNE.t n. [See Shine.] Light. [S2}€ttser.] SI-ACTION, n. [L. si, if, and aciiun.] In law, the conclusion of a plea to an action, when the defendant demands judgment, if the plaintiff ought to have his action, &c. SI'-AGUSH, n. A feline quadruped, the Felis caracal. [See Caracal in this Supi>.] SIAL'AGOGUE, n. See Sialogoohe. SIAL'ID^, n. [From Sialis, one of tlie genera.] A small group of neuropte- rous insects, liaving very large anterior wings. They frequent the neighbour- hood of water, and pass their larva state in that element. The Sinlis lutaria is a well-known bait with the angler. SI'AMANG, n. The Hylobales s;/miac- iylus, a quadi'umanous animal belong- ing to that division of apes called gib- bons. It inhabits Sumatra, and has very long fore-arms. It is very active among trees. SIAMESE', n. An inhabitant or native of Siam. SIAMESE', n. Belonging to Siam. SlB,t n. A relation. SIBB, «. Uelated to by blood. [See Sib.] [Scutch.] SIBBE,t a. [See Sib.] Related ; allied; akin, j Chancer.] SIBERIAN DOG, h. A variety of the dog, distinguished by having its ears erect, and the hair of its body and tail very long ; it is also distinguished for '^^^^^iSid^pXl-;,- - -'.- Siberian Dog: its steadiness, docility, and endurance of fatigue, wlien used for tlie purpose of draught. In many northern coun- tries these dogs are employed in draw- ing sledges over the frozen snow. SIB'I LANCE, V. A hissing sound as of S. SIB'ILOUS, a. Hissing; sibilant. SIB'YLLINE BOOKS, n. Books or do- cuments consisting of prophecies in verse, supposed to contain the fate of the Roman empire, and said to iiave been purchased by Tarquin the Proud, from a sibyl. SIB'YLLIST, n. A devotee of the sibyls. SIC, instead of SIC, ach. SIC, a. Such. — Sic and siclihc, a phrase commonly used to denote strict resem- blance. [5co(c/i.] Sie'€AN, a. Such kind of; as, siccan times. [Scotch.] SIC'tAR, ) a. Secure; safe; cautious; SIIC'KAR, ) possessing solid judg- ment; precise in speech. [Scotch.] SIC'€A-RUPEE', n. An East Indian coin of the value of 2*. 3d. sterling. SICH.t n. [Sax.] A little current of water which is dry in summer; a water- furrow or gutter. [Lu -al.] SICIL'IAN, (i. A native of Sicily.— As an adjective, relating to Sicily. SrCIUS, n. A sort of money current among the ancient English, of the value of 2rf. SICK, V. i. To sicken ; to be ill. [Shah.] SICK'-BED, n. A bed on which one is confined by sickness. SICK'ERNESSE,+ n. [See Sicker.] Firmness; security; safety. [Spenser.] SIC'LATOUN, ) n. Aric'h kind of stuff, SIGXATON, ) which in ancient times was brought from the East. SIC'LIKE, a. Such like; of this kind. — As an adverb, just so. [Scotch.] SICPAS'SIM. [L.] So everywhere. SIC TRAN'SIT GLO KIA MUN'DL instead of SIC TRANSIT GLORIA MUNDI. SI'eUT ALIAS. [L] In law, as at another time or heretofore. SID'DOW-PEAS, n. Peas wliich boil freely. Side, a. Long; hanging low, as g.ar- ments. [Scotch.] SIDE, 1'. i. [add.] To flank; to be on the side of, as ships. [Pope.] SiD'ED, a. Having a side; used in com- position ; as, one-sided, tv/o-sided, riMkny-sideU. SlDE'-LEVERS, n. The two levers or beams in rotatory marine steam-engines (one on each side of the steam-cylinder, alongside the engine), resembling the beam of the ordinary land-engine, and by which the motion of the piston is transformed and conveyed, by means of the links called side-rods, to the crank of the propeller-shaft. E iigines of this construction are called side- lever en- gines, to distinguish them from direct- action engines, in which the motion of the piston is communicated to tlie crank-shaft by a single intermediate link at most. SiDE'LING. See Sidling. SIDE'LING GROUND, In. Meres be- SiDE'LINGS, ) tweenoron the sides of ridges of arable land ; a line of country whose cross-section is inclined or sloping [Local.] SIDE'-LOOK, n. An oblique view. SIDE'ROLITES, n. Nummulites which have a stellated appearance. SIDEROSCHIS'OLITE, n. A black mineral, which occurs in six-sided prisms. SIDES.t «. pliir. [See Side.] Loins. [Spenser.] SlDE'-SLEEVES,n.AmpIelongsleeves. [Shah.] SIDES'-MEN.t ) n. Questmen. [See SYN'OD'S-MEN,+ } Que.stman.] SiDE'.TIM'BERS,) n. Among build- SIDE'-WA'VERS, ) ers, other name.; for purlins. [See Purlin.] SIDE'-VIEW, n. An oblique view; a side-look. SIDE'-WALK, w. A walk for foot- passengers by the side of a street or road; a footway; a footpath. SIDE'-WIND, H. A wind blowing late- rally ; ■mctapltoricalhj, an indirect at- tack ; an oblique insinuation ; indirect means ; as, to get rid of a measure by a side-wind. 301 SID'ING-DIMENSIONS, n. In sliip- buihling, the breadth of a piece of timber. SI'DLE, I', i. [add.] To move to one side. SIE,-)- for Seie, pret. of See. Saw. [Chaucer.] SIENIT'IC, instead of SIENITIC. SIEN'NA, )n. Ochre of a fine SIEN'NA-EARTH, { yellow colour, obtained near Sienna.— Burned sienna is red ochre. SIF'FLEMENT,+ ) a , • .,• STIF'FLEMEN-l',! j "' ^ "'"^tlmg. SIFT, V. t. [add.] To shake in a sieve. [ Chaucer.] SIFTING, n. Act of using a sieve ; scrutiny. SIG, 7!. Urine ; stale urine. [Local.] SIGIl,t for Seie, pret. of See. Saw. [Chancer.] SIGHT, n. [add.] .ilsiv/i/, agreatm.any; a great multitude. [ Vulgar.] — Field of sinht,sa.measfieldofriew. [.S'ee Field.] SlGirT,t?>rrf.of *%A. Sighed; grieved. [Spenser.] SIGHT,?;, [add.] Opinion; estimation. — In all mcn^s sights, in the opinion of all men. [Spenser.] SIGHTE.ti'ref.of.S'iVee. Sighed. [CVini/- cer.\ SIGHT'FUL.t a. Visible; persi.icuous. SIGHT'-li'OLE,)!. A hole to see through. SIGHT'-SEEING, n. The act of seeing sights. SIGHT'-SEEING, a. Employed in see- ing curiosities. SIGHT-SEER, n. One who sees sights or curiosities. SlO'ILLATIVE,t a. [Old Fr. sigilla- lif] Fit to seal, or for a seal. SIGN, n. [add.] A convincing token; an evidence. SIGN, r. i. [add.] To make a signal or ^ sign ; as, he signed to me to come for- ward. SIGN'ABLE, a. That may be signed. SIG'NALIZE, ti. /. [add.] Among sea- men, to make signals to by means of flags, telegraphs, &c. SIGNE,"!- 1'. /. (sine.) To assign; to ap- point; to allot. [Chaucer.] SIGNE,-]- V. Sign. — Siijne of victoree, word of victory. [Spenser.] SIGN'IFEK,t n. [L. signum, and fero, to bear.] Tlie zodiac. [Chaucer.] SIGNIF'IAUNCE,t«- [Fi:] Significa- tion. [Chaucer.] SIGNIF'ICt "• Significant. [Cfiaucer.] SIGNIF'ICANT.t n. That which is significant; a token. [Shah.] SIGNIF'ICATE, n. In logic, several things signified by a common term are called its si'ini.Acates, SIGNIF'ICATOR, instead of SIGNI- FICA'TOR. SIGN'-MANUAL, n. See Sign. SIGN'-PAlNTER,n. A painter of signs. [See Sign, No. 5.] SIG'NDM, H. [L.] In laiv, a cross pre- fixed as a sign of assent and approba- tion to a charter or deed, used by the Saxons. SIKE, n. A small stream of water; a rill ; a marshy bottom with a small stream in it. [Scotch and A', of Eng.] SIKE,t "■ for Sic. Such.— SiVic mister men, such kind of men. [S^ienser.] SIKE,+ a. Sick. [Chauccr.\ SIKE,t n. Sickness. [Chancer^ SiKE,t r. ;. To sigh. [Chaucer.] SIKE,t «. A sigh. [Chaucer.] SIK'EKDE,t TP- of Siher. Assured. [Chaucer.] SIK'ERLY,t adv. Surely; securely. [Chaucer.] SILVER SIMULIDM SINUS SIXAUS, n. A genus of plants, nat. \ order Umbelliferse. S. pratensis, mea- dow-pepper-saxifrage, is found in damp and moist places in England, Europe, and Siberia. The nliole plant has an unpleasant smell when bruised, and cattle generally avoid it in pastures. SILE, n. instead of SILE. SILE, V. t. instead of SILE. SILENCE, interj. Let there be silence! be still ! [See the Xoiin, No. 7.] SI'LENT-fLICK, \ n. In mech., a SILENT-R.ATCHET,/ form of rat- chet-wheel and click, in which the dis- agreeable noise made by the click in sliding over the teeth of the ordinary ratchet-wheel is avoided. [See Kat- CHET.] SILnOUETTE, n. (sil-oil-ef.) [add.] This name was given to monochromatic portraits, &c., not because Et. de Sil- houette was the inventor, as is stated in Diii., but in derision uf his econo- mical attempts to reform the financial state of France while minister. Every thing supposed to be niggardly econo- mical was then characterized as Sif- houette, and the term has been retained for this sort of portrait. The true Silhouette is also a profile. SIL'ieA, n. See Silex. SILieAL€AREOUS, a. See SiLici- CALCAREOUS. SIL'ICE, n. See Silicle. SILI'CEODS, a. See Siliciods. SILIC'ICALCE, instead of SILICI- CAL'CE. SILICIFK'A'TION, instead of SI- LIC'IFICA TION. SIL'I€LE, \n. [add.] In(-o^,asiliqua SIHe'ULA, f about as broad as long, or broader. Among the algce, it is also called carpocloniuni ; it is principally found in the genus Ectocarpus, and is a kind of propagulum, being pod-like, oblong, conical, linear, or lanceolate, transversely striated, and formed either of transformed branches or portions of a bi'anch. It is not quite certain that these are connected witli the reproduc- tion of the plant. SIL IfO-FLU OKIDES, n. A class of salts formed by the union of silicic acid with bases. They are nearly all inso- luble. SIL'It'ON, n. See Silicium. SIL'I€DLE, n. Same as Silicle. SILK, n. [add.] A name given in Ame- rica to the filiform style of the female flower of maize, which resembles real silk in fineness and softness. SILK'-DKESSEK, n. One employed in the trade of silk. [Ba]•rol^.^ SILKNESS.t n. Silkiness. SILK-WORM ROT, n. A fungous plant, the Botrijiid bnssiana, which kills silk-worms in great numbers. It is well known in France by the name of muscariiine, and its injury to the silk-worm has often attracted the at- tention of the French scientific men. SILLER, n. Silver; money. [ScufcA.] SILLY, a. Lean; meagre; in a weakly state of health ; fatuous; pusillanimous. [Scoleh.] SILPHIUJL n. A name of a plant and its juice; laser, — ichirh see. SILCRE'. instead of SILURE. SILU RIANSYSTE.M, II. Ingeol. [See SlLfRIAN UOCKS.] SILU'RUS, n. A genus of niaLicoptery- gious fishes, the type of the family Si- luridie. The species are known by the name of fnjyixA. [Sfc Silurid*.] SILVATE. See Svlvate. SIL'VER, n. [add.] Horn-dhcr, chlo- ride of silver, which resembles horn. — Fubninating silver, an explosive com- pound, formed of o.\ide of silver com- bined with ammonia. SIL'VER, a. [add.] Silver sleep, quiet sleep. [S/)e/ise)'.] SIL'VER-GR.\Y, a. Of a colour re- sembling silver. SILVER-SHEDDING, .'. Shedding silver. [5/(aA.] SILVER-TONGUED, a. Having a smooth tongue or speech. SIL'VIC ACID. 5ee Silvic Acid. SIL'Y'BUM, n. A genus of composite plants. S. marianum is the Cardii:(s marianum (Linn.), and is popularly known by the name of milh-thistle. It is found in waste places in Great Bri- tain, and is distinguishable .at once by the milky veins on its leaves, and the great recurved scales "of the involucre. The white veins on the leaves were sup- posed to have been produced by a droji of the Virgin Marys milk. SIMAR', instead of SIMAR, n. [add.] A robe ; a loose light garment, such as a bishop wore under his gown. SIM'ILARY.t a. Similar. SIM'ONIST, n. One who practises or defends simony. SI.M ON PURE, 71. The real Simon Pure is a coUvqnial vuhjari^m, signify- ing the genuine article, the real thing. SIMOOM', n. [add.] This word is de- rived from the Ar. samom. [See Sa- MIEL.] SIMOON', n. Same as Simoom. SIMPERER, n. One who simpers. SIMPIESOM'ETER. See Stmpieso- METEK. SIM'PLE, a. [add.] Simple contrati, in law, a parol- promise, which may be either verbal or written, but not under seal. — Simple deposit, a deposit made according to the civil-law, by one or more persons having a common inte- rest. — Simple destijiation, in Scots laic, the settlement by the proprietor of an estate, by which he substitutes the per- sons who are to succeed one another. SIM'PLE BODIES, n. In cliem., the same as Elementarv Bodies. [See Elementary Slbstaxces.J SIM'PLE MINER.-VL, n. [add.] Simple minerals are not such as are strictly so in their own nature ; for,when subjected to chemical analysis, they are found to consist of dift'erent elementary sub- stances. Thus, pyrites is a simple mi- neral, but it is a chemical compound of sulphur and iron. SIM'PLE PROPORTION, n. A pro- portion in which the terms are of the first order or power. [See Proportion.] SIM'PLESSE.t n. |Fr.] Simplicity; silliness. [Chaucer.} SIMPLEX, n. [L.] Simple; single. SIMPLI CIA, In. Cuvier's name SIMPLI'CI.ANS, I for an order of simple acalephans that float and swim in the ocean by the alternate contrac- tions and dilatations of their body, which is gelatinous, and without appa- rent fibres. The medusa furnishes an example. SIMPLIC ITY. n. [add.] Folly. [Shah.] SIM DL.\R,t a. Specious; plausible; feigned; counterfeit. [SAflA.] SI'MUL CUM. [L.] Together with. [Law term.'] SIMU HUM, n. [L. simiilo, to feign ] A genus of dipterous insects. One species is known by the name of sand- fly, the larvoe of which are found on the stems of water-plants, and when anvthing disturbs the water they become 362 perfectly still and motionless. The species of Simulium are small, and often prove very troublesome from piercing the flesh. Some travellers have con- founded them with mosquitoes. SIMULTANEITY, n. State of being simultaneous. [Rare.] SIM'URG, n. A fabulous monstrous bird of the Persians. [See Roc] SIN AMO.ME.f n. [Fr.J Cinnamon. SINAP ISINE, or SIN'APISINE. SIN -BRED, a. Produced or bred by sin. SINCE, coi^. Because that; seeing that; inasmuch as. SIN DRY, a. Sundry; in a state of dis- junction. [ScotcA.] SI'NECURE,!!. t. To place in a sinecure. SINECURE-RECTOR, n. A rector without cure of souls. SI'NECURISM, instead of SINE'CU- RIS^L SI'NECURIST, n. [add.] An advocate for sinecm-es. SI'NE DI'E, instead of Sl'NE DIE. SINE Pari, instead of SINE PARI. SINE QUA KON, instead of SINE QUA NON. SINEW, V. t. [add.] To strengthen ; to harden; to steel; as, youth sineicd bv hardship. [Thomson.] SIN EWINESS, n. The quality of being sinewy. SINGE ING, instead of SINfi'EING. Pron. sinj'ing. SINGLE, a. [add.] Single avail of mar- riage, in Seals taw, the value of the tocher or marriage-portion of the vas- sal's wife, which is modified to two years' rent of the vassal's estate. — Single bond. [See Bond.] — Single escheat, in Scots laic, the forfeiture of all a per- son's movables to the crown, because of his being declared a rebel. SINGLE-FLOWERED, a. Having a single flower, as a plant. SINGLE-STICK, n. [add.] A game at cudgels, in which he who first brings blood from his adversary's head is pro- nounced victor. SIN'GLIN, 71. A single gleaning; a hand- ful of gleaned grain ; in Scotland called a single. [Local.] SIN'GLO, 71. A sort of fine tea. SIN'GULAR, a. [add] Individual; sin- gle; as, sinouhir persons. [Bacon.] SIN'GULFES,t \n.plur.[L. singultus.] SIN'GULFS.t ) Sobs; sighs. [S/)f«- ser.] SIN'GULI IN SOL'IDUM, instead of SIN GULI IN SOLIDUM. SIN ISTEK, a [add] This term, when used in the heraldic sense, is often ac- cented Sinis'tir. SINISTRAL, a. [add.] Belonging to the left hand ; sinistrous ; sinistrors.ll. SIN'ISTR ALLY, adv. On the left hand; from left to right. SIN LESSLY', adv. In a sinless manner; innocently. SI NON OM'NES. [L.] In law, a writ on association of justices, by which, if all in commission cannot meet at the day assigned, it is allowed that two or more of them may finish the business. SIN'OPLE. 71. Same as Sinoper. SlN'-POLLCTED,a. Polluted with sin. SIN'TER, 71. [add.! A German rame for a rock precipitated from mineral waters. SINUOSE, a. Same as Sinuoos. SINUOUSLY, adv. Windingly ; crook- edly. SINUS, 71. [.add.] Various irregular venous cavities in dift'erent organs of the body receive the general name of venous ?IT SKEIN SKIP.JACK sinuses, as those of the right ami left auricle of the heart, &c.— In bof., tlie rounded notch exhibited by the mar- gins of certain organs, as of the leaves of plants. SIN'-WORN, a. Worn by sin. SIP, n. [add.] Drink. [Chaucer.] SI'PHEIl,t "■ A cipher. [Chaucer.] SIPIlONAP'TEliA, n. Same as Si- PrrONAPTER.\NS. SIPJIONA'KIA, n. A genus of mollus- cans, tlie shell of which greatly re- sembles the patella in shape. They are found on the coasts of South Amei-i- ca, Australia, and in the Jlediterranean. SI'PHON-BAllOM'ETEK, n. A baro- meter in which the lower end of the tube is bent upward, in the form of a siphon. Tliere are several varieties of siphon-barometers, but the most con- venient is tliat invented by Gay-Lussac. The tube is hermetically sealed at both ends, after having been filled with mer- cury, and the communication with the atmosphere takes place through a small capillary hole drilled laterally through the shoi-t turned-up brancli near its up- per extremity. This oritice is so small, that while it allows tlie air to pass freely, it prevents the escape of tlie mer- cury. This barometer is very convenient for carriage, and is easily brought to a position proper for observation. SrPHON-GAU6E, n. An instrument consisting of a glass siphon, partially filled with mercury, for indicating the degree of rarefaction which has been produced in the receiver of an air- pump, A gauge of this kind is also used to ascertain the degree of vacuum in the condenser of a steam-engine, and to indicate the pressure of a Huid con- tained in a vessel, when greater than the pressure of the external atmosphere, and also the pressure of liquids, as wa- ter in pipes, &c. SIPHONOBRANeHIA TA, n. Same as SiPHONORRANOHIATES. SIPHONOS'TOMA, n. Same as Sipuo- NOSTOMES. SIPHONOS'TOJIOUS, a. A design.a- tion of animals with a siphon shaped mouth for suction. [See Siphonos- TOME.S.] SIP'IDjf a. Savoury ; sapid. SIPUN'€ULUS,n. A genus of radiated animals, at one time classed with the worms found in the sands of the sea- shore, and much sought after by fisher- men, who use them as bait for their hooks. SIR, n. No, 4, Instead of '■ In American colleges," read Formerli/, in American colleges. SIRE.t n. Sir; a respectful title for- meily given to seniors or elders, and to men of various descriptions, as well as to knights ; as, sire knight, sire clerk, sire monk, sire man of law. It was the usual title of jiriests, and hence a Sire John came to be a nickname for a priest. It was sometimes put forpersonage; as, melancholy, that angry sire.— Our sire, our husband; our goodman, [See Sire,] [Chaucer.] SIRE'DON, instead of SI'REDON SIRMARKS, n. &c Surmarks. SIRVANTE', H. Same as Sirvente. SIS,t n. [Anglo-Norman.] The east of six; the highest cast upon a die. [Chau- cer. ] SISaI/, instead of SISAL. SISS, t'. !. [D. sissen.] To his-;. [Local.] SISSOO', instead of SIS'SOO. SIT,t I', i. or t. To become ; to be be- coming; to suit with; to fit; to befit; to beseem. [See Sit in Diet.] [Chau- cer.] SIT, for SiTTETii. [Chaucer.] SITH,f for SiTHES. Times. [Spoiser.] SITHE, V. i. To sigh, [Provincial and cochney.] SITHE,t for SiTHES. Times. [Chau- cer.] SITHED, a. Armed with scythes; scythed. SITHEMAN, n. A mower; a scythe- man. SITII-EN,t ado. [See Situ.] Since. [Chaucer.] SITT'AND,t ivr. Sitting; becoming; suiting with. [Citaurer,] SITTEjf V. i. or i. To sit; to become; to fit; to suit with. [Chaucer.] SITTEN,+ pp. of Sit. [Chaucer.] SITTEN, pp. from Sit. Placed on a seat. It is nearly obsolete, sat being used instead of it. SIT'TIN^.n, The nut-hatches, a family of insessorial birds, named from the genus Sitta. SIT'TINE, a. Pertaining to the nut- hatches, SITTING, n. [add.] A seat, or the space occupied by a person in church. SIV'VENS, «. See Sicdens. SIX'PENNY,a.[add.]«.c;)mny *(,■//(«•,!, petty footpads; robbers for sixpence. \Shah.] SIX'-PETALLED, instead of SIX- PETALED. SIX'TEENTH, n. In music, the repli- cate of the ninth, an interval consisting; of two octaves and a second. SIXTH SENSE, n. In i,hj/s., a term applied to muscular sensation arising from the sensitive department of the fifth pair, and the compound spinal nerves. The seventh, or visceral sense, is a term applied to the instinctive sen- sations arising from the ganglionic de- partment of the nervous system. SrZABLE, a. 1. Of considerable bulk. ■—2. Being of reasonable or suitable size ; as, sizable timber. SI'ZARSHIP, n. The rank or station of a sizar. SIZE, n. [add.] The buflfy coat which appears on the surface of coagulated blood drawn in inflammation. — Also, a thick tenacious kind of varnish used by gilders ; called also gold size. SI'ZEL, instead of SIZ'EL. SIZE'-ROLL, n. A small piece of parch- ment added to some part of a roll or record. Sl'ZING, n. [add.] The act of covering \vith size ; the act of arranging accord- ing to size. SKAFF'AUT.t I". [Fr. eschafaut.] A SKAF'FOLD.t I scaffold; a stage; a wooden tower, [Chaucer.] SKART, 1 , T, . , re. , T S€ART f" ■ ^" s'''''i'''h. [Scotch.] SKARTJ . , , ro S€ART i "■ scr.itch, [Scotch.] SKAT, in. [Dan. and Norw.] A tax, or SCAT, I tribute; whence ica//ioW, land held under tax, and opposed in Shet- land to udal, a freehold. SKEED.S, n. See Skid. SKEEL, n. Skill; acquaintance with; knowledge of. [Scotch.] SKEEL'FU,)a. Skilful; intelligent; SKEEL'Y, ) skilful in curing dis- eases in man or beast. [Scotch.] SKEEN, n. A knife, or dirk. [Sec Skean.] [Scotch.] SKEG, n. The after part of a shiij's keel. SKEGS, n. A sort of oats, SKEIN, n. A kind of knife. [See Skean.] 30;j SKEL'ETON, n. [add.] The heads and outline of a literary performance ; par- ticularly of a sermon. SKEL'LOCH, n. A shrill cry; wild mustard, or wild radish, [Scotch.] SKELP, n. A stroke ; a blow ; a squall ; a heavy fall of rain. [Scotch.] SKELP'ING, ppr. Moving rapidly; slapping with tlie palm of the hand. [Scotch.] SKEN, V. i. To squint. [Loral] SKETCH'ER, n. One wlij sketches. SKETCH'ILY, ade. In a sketchy man- ner. [American.] SKEW, V. i. [add.J To start aside, as a horse; to shy. [Local.] SKID, n. [add.] In ships, shids are pieces of plank fitted to a vessel's side, to prevent it from being abraded when heavy bodies are hoisted into or lower- ed out of the ship; also, pieces of plank put under a vessel for launching her off, when she hsis gone on shore. — In America, the term shids is applied to pieces of light timber, from ten to twenty feet long, upon which heavier timber is rolled or slid from place to place. Also, pieces of timber used as supports, as of a row of barrels, arc termed shids. — Shid-beams, the beams which serve to support a spar-deck. SKIE,t n. [See Sky.] A cloud ; a sha- dow. [Chaucer.] SKIL'DER, 1'. i. To live by begging or pilfering. [Local.] SKIL'FUL, a. [add.] Reasonable. [Chaucer.] SKILL,! "• '■ [add.] To distinguish; to discriminate ; to discern ; to observe distinctions or differences; to see or perceive clearly. SKILL, n. [add.] Discernment; dis- crimination; power or ability to per- ceive or to perform; particular cause or reason. [Chaucer.] SKIL'LING, >i. A bay of a barn ; also, a slight addition to a cottage. SKIM'BLE-SeAM BLE, adv. In a confused m;inner. SKIII'MEK, n. [add.] There is another species (Rhi/nchops orientalis), found in Africa. SKIJIMINGLY, adv. By gliding along the surface. SKIM'MINGTON,) ffJo. Used jest- SKLM'MERTON, J ingly in ridiculo of a man who sutlers himself to be beaten by his wife; as, to ride shim- mington, was a burlesque procession practised in England in such cases, which procession is adniiraldy described by Butler in his Hudibras. SKm'-BOUND DISEASE, n. A pecu- liar aftection of the skin in infancy, ori- ginating in chronic inflammation of the cellular membrane. The uhole sur- face of the body is swelled and hard, and the skin is cold and tigiit-bound. SKINCII, V. t. To stint; to scrimp; to give short allowance. [Local.] SKIN'FUL, n. As much as the skin will hold. SKIlNK,f v. i. [add.] To pour out liquor for drinking. [Scotch.] SKINKE,t i., 1. [ieeSKiNK.] To pour out; to serve with drink. [Chaucer.] SKIN'-LIKE, a. Resembling the skin. SKINNING, ppr. [add.] Planking a ship. SKIN'-WOOL, n. Wool pulled from the skin ; felt-wool. SKIP, V. t. [add.] To pass with a quick bound ; as, to ship a mire. [Swift.] SKIP-JACK, n. [add.] A name given to beetles of the family Elateridse, from their being able to spring into the air. SLAINS SLEDGE-HAMMER SLIKE and thns regain their feet when laid on their baclis. SKIP PER, n. A fish, the Scomberesox saurus, is sometimes so called. SK1PTE,+ pret. of Ship. Skipped; leaped. [Chaucer.] SKIR, I'. '• To scour. [Shak.\ _ SKIRL, H. A shrill cry.— .4 s7it»;/ i« the pan, tlie noise made by a frying-pan when tlie butter is put in which pre- pares it for receiving the meat; also, the dish prepared in this manner. [Scotch.} . ^^ . SlvlKL'ING, ?)rr. Screaming; uttering a shrill cry. [Scotch.] SKIT, V. t. [Sax. scitaii.] To cast retiee- tionson. [Local.] SKITCH'ERS, n. Skates. [Scotch.] SKI'VIE, a. Hare-brained; oblique; out of the proper direction. [Scotch.] SKOR'€LE,t I-.'. To scorch. [Chaucer.] SROW, n. A small boat made of wil- lows, &c., and covered with skins ; a flat-bottomed boat ; a ferry-boat. [See Scow.] [Scolch.\ , - , -11 SKRf;IC.H, n. A screech; a loud, shrill cvj. — SkrcUjh-d'-dau, peep of day. [Scotch.] , re . 1 ^ SKREIGH, r. i. To screech. [Scolch.\ SKRIM'IMAt;E, \n. A skirmish; a ge- S€RIM'MAi;E, ( neral row. [Local] SKRIMP. Sec ScRiMf. SKRIM'Py, (I. Mean; niggard; scrimp. [Local.] . , ,, SKRINGE, r. f. To squeeze violently. [See Cringe, and Scringe.) [Local.] SKRlPPE.t"- A scrip. [Chaucer.] SKUA GULL, ". A palmiped bird, the Lestris cataracles, tlie most formidable of all tlie gull kind. It is found in the Shetland Islands, where it is also called bon.rie. SKULDUD'DERY. SteScuLDUDnERV in this Siipp. . SKULK, V. f. To produce or bring forward clandestinely or improperly. [Hare.] SKY, V. t. To tling; to toss; to shy. [Local.] SKY, 11. '. To look or peep; to sby as horses do. [Local.] SKY -S.\1L, ) «. [add.] A sky-sail SKY'-SCRaPER.) is properly a light sail, ill a square-rigged vessel, nest above the royal. It is sometimes called a shi/- scraper, when it is triangular. [See cut in Diet. Sail.] SKYTE, ;i. a contemptible fellow. [Scotch.] SKY'-TIN€TURED, a. Tinctured by the sky. . . SLAB, n. [add.] A thin flat piece of marble or other stone. SLAB'BER, r. i. or t. [add.] Sometimes pronounced slob'ber. SL.\BBER, ?!. Slimy moisture from the mouth; slaver. . SLAB'BINESS, ii. The state of being thick or slabby ; muddiness. SLACK, n. [add.] An opening between hills ; a hollow where no water runs. SLACKE,to. Sec Slack. [Chaucer.] SL.VCK'ING, ppr. Relaxing ; depnvmg of cohesion; as, .steftiH!/ lime. [Slak- ing is more correct.] SLXDE, pret. from Slide. Slid ; slipped along. [Sco/cA.] SL.\G, n. [add.] The scoria of a volcano. SLAINS, n. In Scots laxo, letters of sldins were letters subscribed by tlie relations of a person slain, declaring tliat tliey had received an assignment or recompense, and containing an ap- plication to the crown for a pardon to the murderer. SLAIS'TERING, ppr. Doing anything in an awkward and untidy way ; espe- cially applied to dabbling in anything liquid. [Scotch.] SLAIS'TERS, «. plur. Dirty slops. SLAkV "• <■ instead of SLAKE, [add.] To appease; to make slack. [Chaucer.] SLAKE, V. I. instead of SLAKE. SLAKE, V. i. instead of SLAKE, [add. | To fail ; to desist ; to slack. [Chaucer.] SLAKE, V. t. To smear; to bedaub. [Scotch.] , . ,, SL\KE, n. A slight bedaubing; a small quantity of some soft or unctuous substance applied to something else. SLAKED, pp. instead of SL.VK/ED. SLAKING, instead of SLAK ING. SLAN'DER, n. [add.] In law, slanderis the maliciously defaming of a person in his reputation, profession, or livelihood, by words ; as a libel is by writing. The mere speaking of the defamatory words, instead of writing them, is that which constitutes the difference between libel and slander. Slander is actionable when the commission of soms crime or misdemeanour is imputed to the party slandered ; liut if the defamatory words are not in themselves actionable, even although they are untrue and spoken maliciously, the slander is not action- able, unless tlie party has actually sus- tained some injury in consequence ot the slander. „ „, . »t SLXN'OEROUSLY, instead of SLAN- DEROUSLY. SL.VP'-JACK.n. [add.] Apancake made of the whole size of the frying-pan ; a flapjack. [Ainericanr] SLASHY, a. Slushy. [Local.] SLAT, n. A sloat,— w/ticA see. [Ameri- SL.\TE, n. [add.] Slatc-clai/. another nameior shale,-whichsee.— Slate-spar, a subspecies of limestone ; foliated car- bonate of lime. It is also called schie- fer-spar—Stonesfield.slalcMCom\Mner\t part of the lower oolitic series, consist- ing of slaty calcareous limestone. SLATTERNLY, arfi;. [add.] Not clean; slovenly. , , , SLAUGH'TERER. Pion. slaw -terer. SLAVE,t "■ '■ To enslave. SLaVE'-DE.VLER, n. One who trades in slaves. SLAVE-HOLDING, n. Act ot holding SL.^.VE•-MERCHANT, n. A merchant engaged in the slave-trade. SLAVE'- OWNER, n. An owner of slaves. , , . • SLaVE'-SHIP, n. A vessel employed in the slave-trade. SLAVE'-TRaDER, n. One who trades in slaves. . SL AW,t pp. otSle [Slay). Slain. [Chau- SLaY, n. A weaver's reed. [See Slaie.] SL.VZY. See Sleaev. SLEEK, adv. With ease and dexterity ; with exactness. [ Vidjar.] SLEEP, V. t. To furnish sleeping ac- commodations; as, the steamboat can steep 300 passengers. [American.] SLEEP ER, 11. [add.] A dead person. [S/ia/i.]— In 8th definition dele " E.co- CfPlus," and substitute Eleolris dorina- trix, from the West Indies. It belongs to the same family as the goby. SLEEP ING, n. Occupied with sleep; as, sleepitiij hours. SLEER,t n. A slayer; a killer. [Chau- ccrA SLBETCH, n. Thick mud, as at the liottom of rivers. [See Slush.] SLEET INESS, «. A state of weather in which rain falls mixed with snow. SLEEVED, pp. Furnished with sleeves. SLEEVE-FISH, n. A species of cuttle- fish of the genus Loligo. SLEE'ZY, a. See Sle.vzv. SLElGH'LY.t ndv. [See Sleioht.) Slilv; cunningly. [Chaucer.] ShtlGll'-liWE,n.lnt\\eUnitedStale.<:, a ride in a sleigh. SLEIGUT.t "■ (slite.) Deceitful; artful. SLElGHTES,t "■ pli""- Sleights; artful tricks; contrivances. [Chaucer.] SLEN,t \pres. tense plur. or infin. of SLEEN.ti" Sle. . SLENDER-LIMBED, a. Having slen- der limbs. SLENT,t !'• '• To make an oblique re- mark, or sarcastic reflection E, ) H. A bar of iron with a ER, > sharp end, used to strip E'-BAR, j off sheathing, ceiling, [Pro- [Obso- smooth- SLEt l"- '■ [Sax- sla-rjan.] To slay; SLEE,t ( to kill. I CV'S'"^"'-! .-, . vi^ • S!,EAVEXESS - GATE, SLE AA E - LESS-ERRAND, ». An idle errand. [Scotch.] ,.„ ^ , _ SLED, n. [add.] A sledge. [Scotch.] SLEDDING, n. (add.| The means of conveying on sleds; snow sufficient for the running of sleds. [American.] SLEDGE, n. |add.| A hurdle formeriy used to draw traitors to execution. SLEDGE-HAMMER, ". The largest hammer used in forges, or by smiths, in beating iron on an anvil. [See Sleuoe.] 30-1 SLEP,+ \pret. of Slepe. Slept. [Chau- SLEPE,t ) rer.] SLEPE,t '■■ 1- To sleep. [Chaucer.] SLETE.t «- Sleet. [Chaucer.] SLEVE LESSE.fa. Idle ; unprofitable. [ Chaucer.] SLEW, V. t. See Slue. SLEWED, a. Moderately drank. [Lo- cal.] ^ . ... SLICE, 'i »- A bar of iron with a SLICE] SLICE'- ,. &c., from ships. SLICK, V. t. To comb the hair. vinciul or vuhjar.] SLICK'EN, a. Sleek ; smooth. lete or vulnar.] SLICK'NESS, n. Sleekness; ness. [Obsolete or vuljar.] SLID'DERY, fl. Slippery. [Scotch.] SLIDING, ;)/"■. [add.] Slippery ; uncer- tain ; as, slidlnn fortune. [Chaucer.] SLID'ING-BAULKS, n. In ship-budil- imi, the planks fitted under the bottom of a ship, to descend with her upon the bilge-ways in launching- They are also termed slidimj-planhs. SLID'ING-GUNTER MAST, n. In a square-rio'jed vesscl,as\r.\T upon which a sky-sail is set when the royal mast lias no pole. It rests upon the top-gal- lant mast-head. SLID'ING-KEEL, ii. [add.] Sliding- kcels serve to diminish the tendency ot any vessel to roll, and to prevent a sail- ing vessel from falling to leeward when close-hauled. SLID'ING-PLANKS, «. See Sliding- Baulks in this Supp. ^H^'XA "■ Sly; cunning, [aiaucer.] SLIGH,t) ..[. f SLIGHT,t n. Sleight; artifice; ait. SLIGHT, ado. Improperly used foi SLUiiiTLY. [S/ia/r] SLIGHT, I', t. To dismantle, as a tor- tress. [Scotch.] SLIGHT'ED, pp. Dismantled, as a tor- tress. |Seo(c/i.] SLIKE.t for SwiLKE,t n- Such. [Chau- I «r.] SLOBBER SLURRED SMITETH SLIM'SY, a. Flimsy; frail; most fre- quently applied to cotton or other cloth. \^Americctn.] SLING, n. [add.] An American drink. SUNG, i>. t. [add.] In nautical Ian., to place anything in slings in order to lioLst or lower it. SLINK, t vret. fi-om Slinh. Slitnh is now used. [See Si.i.\k.] SLIfJK, a. Lank; slender; little worth; not to be depended on as good. [Sattch.] SLINK, n. A sneakiiijj; fellow ; a greedy starveling; a cheat; the flesh of an animal prematurely brought forth; the veal of a calf killed immediately aftei" being calved. [Srntch.] SLINK'IE, ( a. Tall and slender; lank; SLINK' Y, ) thin. [Svotch.] SLIP, II. [add.) To give one the slii>, to escape secretly or run away ; to desert unexpectedly. \See Slipper, No. 2.] SLIP'-GLUTCH GOUPLING, n. In ■mill work, a form of slip-coupling now nearly superseded by the friction-cone coupling. It is represented in its best form by the annexed figure. On the shaft B is fixed a pulley, which is em- Slip-clutcli Couplini^ braced by a friction-band a, as tightly as may be reiiuired. This band is pro- vided with projecting ears, with which the prongs ft 6 of a fixed cross on the driving-sliaft A, can be shifted into con- tact. This cross is free to slide endlong on its shaft, but is connected to it by a sunk feather, so that, being thrown for- ward into gear with the ears of the fric- tion-band, the shaft being in motion, the band slips round on its pulley until the friction becomes equal to the re- sistance, and the pulley gradually at- tains the same motion as the clutch. The arms and socKcts c c, which are keyed fa.st on the shaft A, are intended to steady and support the prongs, and to remove the strain from the shifting part. SLIP'-ON, «. In the West Highlands of Scotland, a greatcoat thrown over the shoulders loosely, like a cloak. SLIP PER, n. [add.] A kind of iron slide or lock for the use of a heavy waggon. SLIP'PEKY, a. [add, | Uncertain; changeable ; not to be depended on or trusted ; as, a slippery fellow. [Col- loquial.] SLIP'-SKIN,t «. Slippery; evasive. SLIP;-T11UIFT,+ ». A spendthrift; a prodigal. SLIT, for Sliphth. [Chaucer. \ SLIVE, !'. i. [add.] To skulk ; to pro- ceed in a sly way; to creep; to idle away time. [Local.] SLIVER, instead of SLIVER, v. t. SLI'VERED, instead of SLIV'EK- ED, pp. SLIVERING, instead of SLIVER- ING, ppr. SLO,t I', t. To slay. [Chaucer.] SLO'AN, n. A sloven. [Scotch.] SLOB BER, c. (. To slaver; to spill upon ; to slabber. SLOBBER, I', i. To drivel; to dote; to be weak or foolish ; to slabber. [Swift.] SLOB'BER, n. Slaver; liquor spilled; slabber. SLOB'BEKER, n. One who slobbers; a slovenly farmer. [Grose.] SLOBBERY,a. Moist; bloody. [Shall.] SLOCK'EN. See Slock. SLOCK'ENED, i>p. Slaked ; quenched, as thirst or fire. [Scotch.] SLOGARDIE,t «. Sloth; sluggish- ness. [Chaucer.] SLO'KAUN, In. An algaccous plant, SLOKE, ) the Porphi/ra laciiiiata ; called also laver. It is edible, and said to be useful in scrofulous affections and glandular tumours. SLOJl'BERINGES.t n. pi. Slumber- ings. [Chaucer.] SLOP.t ) n. [Sax.] pp. of Slip. A SLOPPE,t 5 smock-frock ; any kind of outer garment made of linen ; a night- gown ; a kind of cloak or mantle. — In Chaucer, sloppe is used for slops, a sort of wide breeches. [See Slops in this Supp.] SLOPE, V. i. To run away. [American vulgarism.] SLOPE, t adv. Obliquely ; not perpen- dicularly. SLOPS, ». [add.] Wide Dutch breeches, introduced into England during the reign of Elizabeth. They are also men- tioned by Chaucer. — Dirty water; the contents of chamber-utensil.s, &c. SLOTH. In s/oth, and its derivatives, the o has the long sound, as in slow. SLOT-IIOUND, n. A blood-hound. [Scotch.] [See Sleuth-Hound.] SLOW,t pret. of Slo {Slai/). Slew. [Chaucer.] SLOWE.t n. [See Slow.] A moth. [Chaucer.] SLOW'-GAlTED, a. Moving slowly. [Shah.] SLUBBER, V. t. [add.] To hurry over in an indolent imperfect manner ; to ob- scure. [Shah.] SLUB'BER, V. i. To be in, or to move with a hurrv. SLUB'BING-MACHINE, n. [add.] A machine used in spinning-factories for drawing out into slub-yarn the rolls of wool, and slightl.\ twisting them. [See Slub.] SLUD(iE'-HOLES, \n. In boilers, SLUDGE'-DOORS, ) closed openings by which the matter deposited at the bottom of the boilers can be taken out. SLUE, 1', i. To slip softly and quietly. [Scotch.] SLUG,t V. t. [add.] To retard ; to hin- der. [Bacon. \ SLUG,t V. i. [add.] To be lazy; to bo dull or inert. — To sluff in sloth, to live idly. [Spenser.] SLUGGE,t V. i. Same as Slug. SLUICE,!), t. [add.] To open a flood- gate or sluice ; to wet abundantly ; to overwhelm. SLCICE, «. [add. | The stream of water issuing through a flood-gate. SLUMP, n. A marsh; a swamp. [Scotch.] — In New Yorh, a sort of apple-pie. SLUMP'Y, ". Marshy ; swampy. SLUMS, n. i>lur. [Qu., Suio-Gothic, slama, to pile up, to heap together.] A name given to the more densely built and inhabited localities in t!ic rear of the principal streets of cities; as, the s/«7Hsof Whitechapel and Westminster. The term appears to have usually asso- ciated with it the idea of poverty and dirt. SLUR RED, p;).— 2. a. [add.] In music, marked with a slur; performed in a 3ti0 smooth gliding style, like notes marked with a slur. SLUSH, H. [add.] Grease or fat from salt-meat ; the refuse grease from cook- ing on board slu[i, which is one of the perquisites of the cook. SLUTCH'Y, a. Miry ; slushy. [Pro- vincial.] SLY, a. [add.] Thin; fine; slight; slen- der. [Spenser.] SLY,t for Slyly. Cunningly. [Spenser.] SMA', a. Small. [Scotch.] SMACK, u. [add.] A large sloop, with a gaff-topsail, and a running bowsprit. SMAIK, n. A puny fellow ; a silly fel- low; a paltry rogue. [Scotch.] SMAL'ISH.fa. iSce S-mallish. [Chau- cer.] SMALL' FRY, n. Young children; persons of no importance. [Collcquial.] SMALL' PIECE, n. A Scotch coin, worth about twopence and one farthing sterling. SMALL' TITHES, n. Mixed and per- sonal tithes. SM^iLTZ, n. Same as Smalt. Powder- blue. SJIART, a. [add.] Quick; active; in- telligent ; clever ; as, a smart business- man. [Colloquial.] SMART, V. I. To produce pungent sen- sation ; to inflict sharp tingling pain. [Pnpc] SJIXRT' CHANCE, «. A good oppor- tunity ; a fair chance. [American vul- garism.] SMART'-MONEY, n. [add.] Money paid by a person to buy himself off from some unpleasant engagement, or some painful situation. SMASII'ER, 11. [add.] A low word, de- noting anything very large, or larger than another of the same kind. SMATCH,t ". i- To have a taste; to smack. SMEAR'-CASE, n. [D. smeer-haas.] A preparation of milk made to be spread on bread; otherwise called cottage- cheese. [American.] SMEAR'-DAB, n. A species of flatfish, the Pleuroncctes hirtus, or MUller's top- knot, found occasionally on our coasts. SMEEK, n. Smoke. [Scotch.] SMEEK'IT, a. Smoked. [Scotch.] SMEETH, I!, t. To smooth. [Scotch.] SMERKjf V. i. To smile wantonly or pertly ; to smile affectedly ; to fawn ; to smirk. SJIERKjt n. An affected or fawning smile. [See Smirk.] SMERK.t a. Same as Smebky. SMER'LIN, n. A fish, the Cobiiis acu- leata (Linn.) SMERTE,t V. t. To smart; to suffer pain. [Chaucer.] SMERTE,t adv. for S.martly. [Chau- cer.] SMILAS'PERIC ACID, n. A peculiar volatile substance procured from the root of the liemidesmus indicus. The name was occasioned by the belief that the root was that of Smila.v aspera. SMl'LAX, n. [add.] The A', medica is the Vera Cruz sarsaparilla ; the iS'. siphilitica, the Brazilian sarsaparilla; the S. ojficinalis, the Jamaica sarsa- parilla; the S. china, China-root, used as sarsaparilla. SMILE, V. t. [add.] To smile at; to re- ceive with a smile ; as, to smile speeches. [Shah.] SMIRCHED, pp. Clouded; soiled; smutched. [Shah.] SMIT,-|- for Smitetii. SMIT'ETIl,t imper. 2d pers. pi. Siuitb ye. [Clutucer.] SNAG SNEWE SNUFF-MAKER SillTHE.t V. t. To forge. [Chaucer.] SMIT TED.t for Smitten,});), of Smite. [Chaucer.] S.MITTLE, r. /. [From smile.] To in- fect. [Local.] SMIT'TLE, ) <2. Infectious; conta- SMITTLISH,} gious. [Local.] SMOCK, n. [add.] A smock-frock,— tchich see. SMOCK'-JIILL, n. A form of wind- mill, of which the mill-house is fixed, and the cap only turns round as the wind varies. It thus differs from the post-mill, of which the whole fabric is movable round a vertical axis. It is also called the Dutch mill, as that most commonly employed in Holland for immping. The post-mill is employed for driving flour-stones, &c. SMOCK'-KACE, «. A race run by women for the prize of a fine smock. [Korth of England] SMOK.t «. [Sax. smoc] A smock. SMOKE, f. (. [add.] To sneer at; to ridicule to the face. [Concirei-e.]— To cause to emit the fumes of tobacco ; to inhale the smoke of tobacco through ; as, to smoke a pipe. [Addison.] SMOKE-BALLS, n. In military opera- tions, spherical cases of pasteboard or canvas filled with a composition which, wliile burning, emits a great quantity of smoke. Tliey are frequently dis- charged from mortars, in order to con- ceal a movement of troops from the view of the enemy; they are also oc- casionally thrown from the hand, either to suffocate the men employed in the galleries of mines, or to compel them to quit their work. SMOliE'-BOX, n. A compartment at the off-end of a tubular steam-boiler, into which the smoke and other pro- ducts from the furnaces are received from the tubes, preparatory to their passing into the funnel or chimney. SM0KE'-€LOUD,7!. .A. cloud of smoke. SMOIvE'- FARTHINGS, n. In law, the customary oblations made by the inhabitants within a diocese, on the occasion of their going annually in pro- cession to the cathedral church. Called also pentecostals. SMOKE'-SILVER, In. Money paid SMOKE'-PENNY, ) annually to the minister of a parish, as a modus in lieu of tithe-wood. SMOK'LES,t a. Without a smock. [Chaucer.] SMOOTH'EN, r. I. To make smooth; to smooth. SMOOTH'-HAIRED, a. Having smooth hair. SMOOTH ING, rpr. [add.] Flattering. [Hhak] S.MOT ERLICH,t o- [D. smodderen, to smut. I Smuttv ; dirty. [Chaucer. \ SMOTHER-FLY, n. The various spe- cies of Aphis are so called, doubtless from destroving plants. SMOTH'ER'INGLY, adv. Suffocating- ly; suppressingly. SMOTHERY, o. Tending to smother. SMOULDER, 71. Smoke smothered. SMOUL'DERING. |add.] ppr. or a. SMOUTCH, V. t. To gouge; to take undue advantage. [Colloquial in New York.] SMUTCH, n. A foul spot; smut; a black stain. [Provincial.] SMUTCH, r. t. [add.] [Provincial.] SNA€'OT,t n. A fish. SNAG, 11. [add.] A branch broken oft" from a tree ; a tree having the branches roughly cut off". — Aih-snag, a knarry stamp of an oak. [Scotch.] SNAG, V. t. [add.] To hew roughly with an axe; to cut off the branches, knots, or protuberances of trees. [Local.] .SNaIL'-FISH, n. A species of Liparis, found in the British Islands, and so called from its soft texture, and the habit of the fish to fix itself to rocks like a snail. SNAIL'-MOVEMENT, ii. A. name sometimes given to the eccentric of a steam-engine. .SNAIL'-PaCED, a. Moving slow, as a snail. SNaIL'-SHELL, n. The covering of the snail. SNAKE, I'. 1. To crawl like a snake. [American colloquialism.] — To snake out, to drag out ; to haul out, as a snake from its hole. [American vulgarism.] SNaKE'-BOAT. SeePAMBAN-MANCiiB in this Supp. SNaIvE'-FLY, n. The snake-flies or Ra;ihidiad;e, are a group of neuropter- ous insects, which receive their com- mon name from the elongated form of the head and neck, and the facility with which they move the front of the body in different directions. They are mostly to be found in the neighbourhood of woods and streams. The common species is called Ji. ophiopsis; the spe- cific name means like a snake. SNAKE-GOURD, n. The common name of plants of the genus Trichos- anthes. SNAKE-MOSS, n. Common club-moss, Lucopodium clavatum. SNAKE'S -BEARD, ii. The common name of plants of the genus Ophio- pogon. SNaKE'S'-TONGUE, n. The common name of plants of the genus Ophio- glossum. SNAP, n. [add.] Beetles of the family Elateridse are popularly called snaps, from the cricking noise they make in turning. SNAP-HAUNCE, n. A Dutch firelock, introduced in the time of Charles I. SNAPPER, w. [add.] Different fish of the family Serranid* are so called in the West Indies. SNAPPER,f. T. To stumble, as a horse. [Scotch.] SNAP PING-TURTLE, ii. A reptile belonging to the genus Chelonuia. com- mon to all parts of the United States; so named from its propensity to snap at everything within its reach. SN.AP'PY, a. Same as SsAPrisii. SNAPS, n. Gingerbread-nuts. [Scotch.] —In the United Slates, young kidney- beans in the pods. SNARL, K [add.] .V quarrel ; an angry contest: a growl. [Provincial.] SNARL'ED,t pp. [See Snarl, v. i.\ Entangled ; as, snarled hair. [Spenser.] SNATCH, 11. [add.] A hasty repast ; a snack. [Sco(cA.] SN.4.W, 11. Snow, [Scotch.] SNEAK-€UP, n. A sneaker. [Shah] [See S.\E4K-Up.] SNE.\P,t "■ A reprimand; a check. \Shah] SNEAPED,tW)- Checked. [Shah.] SNEBBE.t >•. '• [Sec Sxeap.] To check ; to chide or revile. [5;)«i,«ct-.] SNECK-DRAWER, «. A latch-lifter; a bolt-drawer; a sly fellow. [5co/cA.] SNECK'ET, n. The latch of a door, or a string to draw up the latch. [Local.] SNECK'IT, pp. Secured by a latch; notched. [Scotch] SNED, r. t. Same as Snathe. SNEE, n. A knife. [Sec Smck.] SNEWE.t r. i. To snow; to fall plen-. 306 teously; to be in as great abundance as snow. [Chaucer.] SNlBBE,t 1'. '. To snub; to reprimand. [ Chaucer.] SNIGGER, V. I. See Snickeb. SNIGGERING, ;>/)r. Tittering sneer- ingly. [Sir IF. Scoll] SNIPE'-FISH, n. A fish of the genus Centriscus, so called from its long snipe-like beak. SNIPPER-SNAP PER, n. An effemi- nate young man ; a trifler. SNIP-SNAP, a. Short and quick; smart. [Cant icord.] SNITHE, la. Sharp; piercing; cut- SNITH'Y,) ting; applied to the wind. [Local ] SNOB, H. A vulgar person, particularly one who apes gentility. [A term of de- rision.] — 2. In the English universities, a townsman, as opposed to a gowns- man. — .3. A journeyman -shoemaker. [Local] SNOB BISHNESS, n. The quality of being a snob. SNOD, a. I add.] Neat; trim. [Scotch.] SNOOD, n. A fillet with which the hair of a young maiden's head is boand up. [Scotch-] SNOOF, V. i. [D. snoepen.] To eat clandestinely dainties or other victuals which have been put aside ; as children and serv.ants. [A term peculiar to New York.] SNOOZE, V. i. To slumber; to take a short nap. [Familiar.] SNOOZ EK, 71. In Kew York, a thief who 'follows the business of robbing the boarders at hotels. SNOUT,r. ;. To laugh outright. [Local.] SNORT'ER, n. A dashing riotous fel- low. [A vulgar term of the tcestem states of America.] SNOT TER, V. i. [add.] To go loiter- ingly. — To snotter and snivel, to blub- ber and snufHe. [Scotch.] SNOT TER, n. The proboscis of a tur- kev-cock ; snot at a child's nose. [6'co/c/i.] SNO W-APPLE, 11. A species of apple. SNOW'-BALL, 71. [add.] In the United ' States, a jeering appellation for a negro. SNOW -BERRY, n. An ornamental plant, the Chioeocca racemosa, a native of Jamaica; but what are commonly cultivated in our shrubberies in Great Britain under this name, are species of Symphoricarpus, especially S. race- mosus. SNOW'-BLINDNESS, n. An affection of the eyes, caused by the reflection of light from the snow. It is peculiar to the Esquimaux. SNOW DOWN ROCKS, ii. In geoL, one of the subordinate divisions of the Cambrian group of rocks, varying from fi-agnientary to the finest roofing-slate. SNOW'-DKOP TREE, 71. The common name of plants of the genus Halesia. They are all beautiful and valuable shrubs, on account of their flowering so early in the season. SNOW-GOOSE, n. A web-footed bird, the Anser htjperboreus, inhabiting the arctic regions. Its flesh is esteemed excellent. SNOW'ISH, a. Resembling snow; snowv. SNOW'-MOULD, 71. A fungous plant, the Lanosa nivalis, which grows be- neath snow, on grasses and cereal crops. It is especially injurious to barley and '■>^- SNUFF, n. [add.] Aromatic powders used as snuff'. (6'AaA.] SNUFF -MAKER, n. One who makes snuff'. SOFT PALATE SOLERE SOLVIT SNUG'IFY, V. t To make snug;. {Lu- dicrous:\ SO, adv. [add.] Or 50, about ; or there- abouts; as. he owes me twenty pounds, or so. — So is used to signify, to that purpose or effect; as, he was much to blame, and so 1 told him. — It also sij;- nifies, equally ; just as ; as, the inclosed fields resembled so many beds of flow- ers. — So as that, for so that, is a phrase condemned by several grammarians, but its use is supported by undoubted authorities. — So is frequently used co!- loqiiially for very; as, the weather is so cold; I feel so hot. Soak, v. t. [add.] To balte thoroughly, as bread. \Local.] SoAK'AGE, n. Act of soaking; state of being soaked. SOAP'-LOCIv, n. A lock of hair made to lie smooth by soaping it. — Also, .1 name given to a low set of fellows who lounge about the markets, engine- houses, and wharfs of New York, and are always ready to engage in midnight rows or brawls. | American.] SOB'BING, H. [add.] The act of sigh- ing with a heaving of the breast. SOBRIQUET', n. [add.] Pron. sob-re- ka'. SOC, \n. [add.] A shire, circuit, or SOKE, ( territory. SO€'€AGE, n. See Socage. SOe'€A(>EIl, n. See Socager. SOCIAL CONTRACT, \h. That ORIGINAL €ONTRA€T, f imai;i- nary bond of union which keeps man- kind together, and which consists in a sense of mutual weakness. It is the solid and natural foundation, as well as the cement of civil society. SOCIALIST le, a. Pertaining to So- cialism, or to the principles of the Socialists. [American. \ SOCIOL 0("vY, H. For " M. Compte," read M. Comte. SOCKET-POLE, u. A pole armed with an iron socket, and used to propel boats, &c. [American.] SO'DA-SALTS, n. In chem., salts which have soda for their base. SOD'-BUKNING, n. In ayric, the burning of the turf of old pasture- lands, for the sake of the ashes, as manure, &c. SOD'EN,tfl.[Sax.] Sudden. [Chaucer.] SO'FA-BED, n. A sofa adapted for use as a bed when required. SOFT,t V. t. To soften. [Spenser.] SOFT'-AM'ADOU, n. German tinder, Pofyporus fomentarius. SOFTE,t for Softly. [Spenser.] SOFT'ENING, n. [add.] In patho., a diminution of the natural and healthy consistence of organs. ^ .S'c/i'CHi«6f of the brain, mollifies cerebri, an affection of the brain, in which it becomes pulpy or pasty. SOFTNESS,?*, [add.] In ;>//2/ju\?, a con- dition of solid bodies, in which the particles are held together by a small cohesive force. Such bodies change their forms upon the application of a small force, and do not recover their previous forms when the force is re- moved. Putty, wet clay, and dough are examples of soft bodies. [See Elasti- city.] —In a yeneral sense, smoothness or delicacy of surface or te.vture, as per- ceived by the touch ; opposed to rowjh- ness or rnqgedness. SOFT' PALATE, n. That part of the palate which lies behind the hard or bony palate, and separates the mouth from the pharynx. It is a soft movable curtain. II.— Supp. SOFT -SAWDER, n. Flattery; blar- ney. — As a verb, to flatter. [Vulgar Americanism.] SOFT'-SOAP, n. Used in the same sense as Soft-Sawder. [ Vulgar.] S()'CiET,t n. [Lt. soggHio.] Subject. [Chaucer.] SOI'-DISANT'. Pron. swii'-de zjing', instead of swa desaun. SOIGNE,t n. (soin.) |Fr.] Care; dili- gence; anxiety. [Chaucer.] SOIL, 71. [add.] A spot; a defilement; a taint. [Shnh.] SOIL'Y,trt. Dirty; foul; soiled. SOJOUR'jf n. Sojourn; stay; abode. [Chaucer.] SOJOURNMENT, instead of SO- JOURN'MENT. SOK'EN,t n. [Sax. socne.] Toll; toll for grinding corn; a district held by tenure of socage. [Chaucer.] SOIv'INGLY,t adv. Suckingly; gently. [Chaucer.] SOL, 7(. [add.] The name given to gold by the old chemists or alcliemists, tuna l)eing used to denote silver. SOLAR PHOSPHORUS, n. A sub- stance which, after exposure to light, exhibits phosphorescent properties, as Canton's phosphorus, &c. SOLAR PLEX'US, n. In anai.,tiw as- semblage of ganglia which are distribu- ted to all the divisions of the aorta. SOL'AS.t n. Solace; recrefition; mirth ; sport. [Chaucer.] SOL'DER, n. [add.] ITard solders are ductile and malleable, and are usually prepared of the same metal with that to be soldered, with the addition of some other. — Soft solders are those which melt readily, and which are partly brittle. Bismutn is much used in the composition of soft solders. SOL'DERER, n. One who solders. SOL'DIER-BEETLE, n. A name given to coleopterous insects of the genus Telephorus. SOL'DIER-FLIES, n. A name given in the United States to flies of the family Stratiomydae. SOLE, n. [add.] Besides the Pleuronec- tes Soldi, or Solea vulgaris, the name sole is also given to certain other flat- fishes of the genera RIonochirus and Achirus, subdivisions of the genus Pleuronectes, and to all the species of the genus Solea separated from Pleuro- nectes SOLE-CORPORATION, n. SeeCon- P0R.\T10N. SOL'EIN,t a. [Sole, and term, en.] One; single. [Chaucer.] SOL'ElN,t a. Sullen. [Chaucer.] SOL'EMN, a. [add.] Possessing an air of importance and dignity unsuitable to circumstances or subjects ; as, solemn dissertations on trivial subjects. SOLEM'NITY, n. [add.] Awful gloo- miness; as, the solemnitu of Westmin- ster Abbey. [Addiso7i,\ SOLEMP'NELY,t adv. Solemnly. [Chaucer.] SOLEN'ID^, H. A family of mollus- cans, including the solens orspout-fish. SOLENI'N^, n. A subfamily of the Myada', or gaping bivalves, having their sliells always open at both extremities. SOLENl'TES, «. A finely-leaved fossil plant from the Yorkshire coast, sup- posed to belong to the order Marsili- aceai. SOL'ERE.t n. [Ger. soller.\ Solere- hall, a hall with a snler or sollar, that is, with an open balcony oi* gallery. — Soler-icifidoiv, the window of a loft or garret. [See Sollak.] [Chaucer.] 367 SoLE'SniP, n. Single state; soleness. [Rare.] SOLE'-TENANT, n. In laiv, one who holds lands by his own right only, with- out any other person being joined with him. SO'LEUS, n. [L. from solea, a sole.] A muscle of the leg shaped like the sole- fi.sh. It serves to extend the foot. SOL-FA'-ING, instead of SOL'-FA- ING. SOLICITATION, n. [add ] In late, the oftence of inciting or instigating a person to commit a felony. It is an indictable ofl'ence, although no felony be in fact committed. SOLU'CITOR, n. [add.] Solicitors are officers of the court of chancery, who are retained by clients to sue and de- fend for them., SOL'IDARE instead of SOLI'DARE. SOLIDaRITE. 71. [Fr.] The mutual responsibility existing between two or more persons. SOLID CAM, n. In iiiech., a form of cam employed when the series of changes in velocity and direction re- quired are too numerous to be included in a single rotation of a cam- plate. The cam is formed on the surface of a cone, either parallel to the axis or spirally, and the cone, as it revolves, is made to travel also endlong by means of a screw. Usually the spindle passing through it is screwed, and works in a fixed nut, to communicate this endlong motion. SOLIDIFICA TIOxN. 71. [add.] The state assumed by liquid bodies on part- ing with their free caloric. SOLIDITY,?!, [add.] Earth. [Shah.] SOL'IFORM,t n. Formed like the sun. SOLITAIRE', n. [add.] The name given in Jamaica to a species of thrush, the Ptilogonys armillatus^ It sings very sweetly, and is met with among the mountain-woods. SOLITA'RIUS, «. [L.] The Hermit, an obscure constellation of Lemounier, situated a little above Centaurus, near the tail of Hydra. SOUV'AGOUS, a. Same as Soliva- GANT. SOL-LU'NAR INFLUENCE, n In patho., the influence supposed to be produced on various diseases, when the sun and moon are in a state of conjunc- tion. SOLUTE', a. [add.] Relaxed ; joyous ; licentious ; as, a brow solute. [ Young] SOLU'TION, n. [add.] Dissolution; disunion ; as, snbdions of conjugal so- ciety. [Loc he. ]~ Chemical solution, a perfect chemical union of a solid with a liquid, in accordance with the laws of definite proportions. — Mechanical solu- tion, the meva nuion of a solid with a liquid in such a manner that its aggre- gate form is clianged without any alte- ration of the chemical properties of either the solid or its solvent.^ Moist solutions, solutions in which at least one of the bodies, the solvent, must lie a liquid. — Dry solutions, solutions in which both of the substances are solids, and in this case liquefaction must be bi'ought about by heat before any com- bination can take place. SOLVE, n. Solution. [Shak.] SOL'VIT. [L. he paid.] Solvit ad diem, in law, a plea in an action of debt on bond, &c., that the money was paid at the day limited. — Solvit fl/j/e diet7i, a plea that the money was paid before the day limited.— r. Spunging and playhig the unwelcome guest. \ Scotch.] S O R'R V, a. [add.] Mournful; sad. [Shuk.\ SORT, n. [add.] Chance; destiny. [Chaucer.] — A tlock; atroop. [Spenser.] SORT, V. t. [add.] To conform ; to suit ; to render conformable. [Shah.] — To assort; to arrange; to fit; to accom- modate; to manage. [5l'o^A.] — To assign ; to appropriate. [A7i. [add.j Allotted. [Chau- cer.] SORTIE, instead of SORTIE . Pron. sor'-te. SOR'WE,t «. [Sax.] Sorrow. SOR'Y,t a. Sorry; sorrowful. — Sorp grace, misfortune. [Chaucer.] CGS SOSS,t V. t To tlirow carelessly; to toss. SOTE.t «. Soot. [Chaucer.] SOTE,t ? c » rrT. i SWOTF + I ''^ ^"'®^^- [(-hauctr.J SOTE,t )i. A sot ; a fool, [aiaucer::] SOT'ED,t pp. Besotted; senseless; in- fatuated. [Chaucer. ] SOT'EL,t a. [It. soit'de.] Subtle; art- fully contrived. [Chaucer.] SOTH.t a. [See Sooth.] True; cer- tain. [Chaucer] SOTH,t )adv. Trulv; certainly. SOTH'LY.f f [Chaucer.] SOTHE.t n. Truth; reality. [Chaucer.] SOTH'ER.j a. compar. More true; more certain. [Chaucer.] SOTH EKN,trt. Southern. \Chaucer.] SOTHFAST.t a. [Soth, and fast.] Fast or firm in truth ; true. [Chaucer. \ SOTH FASTNESS,! «■ Steady or firm adlierence to truth ; truth simply. [Chaucer.] S O T H ' N E S S,t 71. Truth ; reality. [Chaucer.] SOTH'SAW,t K. [Soth, and Sax. saga, a saying. See Saw.] True saying ; vera- city. [Chaucer.] SOUBKETTE, n. [add.] Pron. soo- bret'. SOUCE, n. See Souse. SOUP! An expression of fatigue. [Shah.] SOUDAN,t n. [Fr. soldan.] A sultan. I Chaucer.] SOU'DANESSE,t h. AsuUaness; the wife of a sultan. [Chaucer.] SOU'DED,t pp. [Fr. souldc. See Sol- der.] Consolidated ; united ; confirmed ; fastened ; soldered. [Chaucer. | SOU'JEE. ». 5ct;SoojEE in this Supp. SOUlvE.f V. i. or /. To suck. [Chaucer.] SOUK'ED,t pp. Sucked. [Chaucer.] SOUL,t in. [See Soul, i:. *.J All SOWLE,t ( kinds of meats, except bread and drink; anything eaten with bread, as butter, cheese, milk, iiC- It is also written sool. and corre^^ponds to the Scottish word kitchen. SOULA MEA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Polygalacea?. 5. amara is a native of the Moluccas; it is intensely bitter, and is used medicinally in cases of cholera, pleurisy, and intcrmittents. SOITL'DER.t n. Solder. SOUL'DIER, n. See Soldieu. SOUL -REVIVING, a. Reviving the soul. SOUN,t H. Sound; noise. [Chaucer.] SOUND, V. i. [ad.l.] To sound in da- mages, in late, is when there is no spe- cific value of property in demand to serve as a rule of d-images, as in actituis of tort or trespass, as distinguished from actions of debt, &c. SOUND, V. t. To cause to make a noise; as, to sound a trumpet or a horn. — 2. To utter audibly ; as, to sound a note with the voice. — u. To play on ; as, to sound an instrument.— 4. To order or direct by a sound; to give a signal for, by a certain sound ; as, to sound a retreat. — 5. To celebrate or honour by sounds ; to cause to be reported; as, to sound one's praise. — G. To spread by sound or report ; to publish or proclaim ; as, to sotind the praises or fame of a grei;t man or a great expk»:t. We sometimes sav, to sound abroad. SOUND, V. i. To swoou. [Shah.\ SOUNDE,t V. t. [See Sound, a.) To make sound; to heal. [Chaucer.] SOUNDINGS, n. [add.] To strihs soundings, to find bottom with the deep- sea lead, on coming in from sea. SOUNE,t V. i. To grow sound; to be- come whole. [Chaucer.] sow SPAR SPATULARIA SODNE,f V. i. To sound; to be conson- ant to; to harmonize with; in concord with ; followed by unto, in, or into. [Chaurer.] SOUN'IN(jr,f jypr. Sounding; being consonant to. [Chaucer.] SOUP, in. A spoonful or mouthful of SUP, / soup or other liquid; spoon- meat. [Scotch.] SOUPE,t r- i. [Fr. souper.] To sup; to takS the evenin;^-meal. [Chaucer.] SOUP'ENjf pres. tense plur. of Soupe. [Chaucer.] SOUP'RR.fn. Supper. [Charicer.] SOUP'ERS, \n. plur. In Ireland, SWAD'DLERS, f names applied de- risivelti to the Protestant missionaries and converts from Popery. SOUPLE, n. {soop'l.} That part of a flail that strikes the grain ; the swiple ; a piece of wood used as a cudgel. [Scotch.] SOUPLE, a. (soop'l.) Supple; active; subtle. [Scotch.'] SOUP'LE,t a. [Scot.] Supple; pliant. [Chaucer.] SOUU, a. [add.] Caused by misan- thropy or moroseness; as, a sour retreat from mankind. [Addison.] SOURDEjf V. i. [Fr. sourdre, from sourgir; L. sur[iere.\ To rise; to spring or issue; to have or take its source, as a spring or river. [Chaucer.'] SOURS, t \n. [It. sdrsi.\ Rise; ascent; SOURSE,f j" spring; the source of a stream of water. [Chaucer.] SOUS'LIIv, n. A pretty little rodent quadruped, the Spermophilus citillus. [See Suslik.] SoUTERRAlN', instead of SOUTER- RAIN. SOUTHEAST'ERLY, «. In the direc- tion of south-east, or nearly so: from the south-east, as wind. SOU'THER, ) SOW'THER, } n. Solder. [Scotch.] SOW'DER, ) SOUTH'ERLINESS, n. State of being southerly. SOUTH'K RLY, instead of SOUTHER- LY. SOUTH'ERN, instead of SOUTHERN. SOUTH'ERN, 71. Same as Southron. SOUTH'ER^ER, instead of SOUTH- ERNER. SOUTH ERNLY, instead of SOUTH- ERNLY. SOUTH'ERNMOST, instead of SOUTHERNMOST. SOUTH' WARD, adv. instead of SOUTHWARD. SOUTH' WARD, n. instead of SOUTH- WARD. SOUV'ENANCE. [add.] Pron. soov'- nans. SOV'ENANCE,t l". [See Sodve- SOV'ENAUNCE.t f nance.] Remem- brance. [Spenser.] SOV'ERAlNE,t a. Excellent; chief; highly exdted; predominant. [See SovEKEiGN.] [Chaucer.] SOV'ERAINLY,t adv. Above all. [Chaucer.] SOVEREIGN, a. [add.] Pron. sov'- er-in. SOVEREIGN, n- [add.] Pron. sov'- cr-in. The chief magistrate of the town of Belfast in Ireland. SqVEREIGNIZE,t v. i. [add.] Pron. sov'-er-in-!ze. SOVEREIGNLY, [add.] Pron. sov'- er-in-le. SOVEREIGNTY, [add.] Pron. sov'- er-in-te. SOW,t I , ™ .™ , SOW'EN,tl ''■ '■ ^"^ ^°'^- [<^A«"cer.] SOWDE'-METEL,t n. Metal used as solder. SO WE,t V i. To sew; as, to sowe letters on parchment. | Chaucer.] SOWERS,! n- l^f'tr. Sores. [Chaucer.] SO\V'ERS,t 7}. pi Bucks in their fourth year. [Chaucer.] SO\VLE,t n. See Soul in this Supp. SOWLE,t V. i. [Said to be from sow.] To pull about; to puU by the ears, as dogs pull swine. SOWLE,t V. t. To pull by the ears. SOYLE,t V. t. \See AssoiL.] To solve. SOYLE.t n. Soil.— Among hunters, the mire in which a beast of tlie chase wal- lows; the prey. [St>en.^er.] SOZ'ZLE, V. t. To mingle confuseJly. I [Local] SPACE,! 1?. I. [add.] To pace ; to roam about. [Spenser.] SPADE'-HUSBANDRY, n. A mode of cultivating the soil, and improving it, by means of deep digging with the spade, instead of the suhsoil-plough. SPADIL'IO, n. Same as Spadille. SPAE'-WIFE, \n. A female fortune- SPAY'-WIFE, [ teller, or prophetess. [Scotch.] SPA6YU'ieAL,t a. Same as Spagy- RIC. SPaLE, n. A lath used in wooden houses for filling up the interstices betwixt the beams; a chip; a shaving of wood. [Scotch.] S P A L L E S,t n. jAur. [See Sp.\ll.] Shoulders. [Spenser.] SPALT, a. [Dan.] Brittle; liable to break or split. [Local] SPAN, n. [add.] In seamen's Ian., a rope fastened at both ends, so that a pur- chase may be hooked to its bight. Also, a double rope, having thimbles attached betwixt its two parts, and used as a fair-leader for ropes. SPAN, i'. i. To agree in colour, or in colour and size; as, the horses span well. [Neiv Entjland.] SPANG, r. i. To leap with elastic force; to spring. — As a verb active, to cause to spring ; and as a noun, a spring ; the act of springing. [Scotch.] SPANG'ING, /jpr. Springing; bound- ing. [Scotch.] SPAN'GLES, n. In anc. costume, small circular ornaments of metal stitched on various articles of dress. Such orna- ments were used by ladies in the time of Elizabeth. SPANISH-CHALK, n. Steatite or soap-stone. SPAN'ISH-WINDLASS, n. In skips, an apparatus used for setting up rigg- ing, &;c. It consists of a wooden roller, about which a rope is wound, having an iron bolt inserted in its bight for lieaving the roller round. SPANK, r. i. To move with quickness and elasticity. [Scotch.] SPAN'NER, n. [add.] In a marijie steam-engine, the lever of parallel mo- tion, or rod which connects the jointed rods with the radius-bar. Also, in other engines, the hand-bar, or lever by which the valves are moved for the admission and shutting-off of the steam. SPAN'NISHlNG,t n. [Fr. espanouisse- vient.] The full blow of a flower. I Chaucer.] SPA N'-W ORM, 71. Caterpillars of moths of the family Geometridpp are often so called in the United States, from their appearing to measure the ground step by step as they proceed. They are also called loopers. SPaR, n. [add.] Among seamen, a ge- neral term for masts, yards, booms, and gafi^s. — Among old architectSy a piece of timber of various kinds. SPAR'ANDE,! ppr. Sparing; being ni;;gardlv. [Chaucer.] SPAR'-DECK, n. [add.] Properly, a temporary deck laid in any part of a vessel. The term is also applied to the quarter-deck, gangways, ami forecastle of a deep-waisted vessel. SPAKE, V. i. [add.] To refrain. [Chau- cer.] SPAR'ETH,t imper. '2d 2'ers. plur. Spare ye. [Chaucer.] SPXli'-HAUK,f 7i. A sparrow-hawk. [Chaucer.] SPaR'-HAWK. See Sparrow-Hawk. SPAR'KLE,t V. t [add.] To emit with coruscations ; as, eyes that sparkle fires. [Dryden.] SPARKLERS, n. The tiger-beetles are so named from their lively colours, and their flying about in the sun. SPARRE,t \v. t. [See Spar.] To bar; SPERRE,t I to bolt; to shut. [Spen- ser.] SPAitREjt n. A spar; a wooden bar. [Chaucer.] SPA R,'R E D,t pp. Barred ; bolted. I Chaurer.] SPARROW-WORT, n. The common name of plants of the genus Passerina (Linn.) Also, a plant of the genus Erica, the Js. passerina. SPAR'RY ANHYDRITE, n. Same as Cube-Spar, a subspecies of prismatic gypsum, found in the salt-mines of Hiille, &c. SPARRY GRASS, n. Asparagus. [Scotch.] SPAllSELY, instead of SPARSELY. SPARTHE,t n. [Sax.] An axe or hal- bert, [Chancer.] SPAR'TiUM, n. A genus of ornamen- tal plants, nat. order Legnminosse. S. junceum, Siianish-broom, inhabits the south of Europe. Its seeds are emetic, jiurgative, diuretic, and tunic, and are em()loyed medicinally in cases of dropsy. SPASM, n. [add.] Constrictive sjutsm, spasm attended with contraction, ri- gidity, or both, as wry-neck, lock-jaw, &c. — Si/nchnic spasm, the tremulous, simultaneous, and chronic agitation of various muscles, as shaking-palsy, St. Vitus's dance, &c. SPAS'MUS CYN'ieUS, «. The sardo- nic laugh or grin. SPAT, ?i. The nn.me given by oyster- fishers to the developing spawn of the oyster. SPAT, n. [add.] A blow. [local]~A petty combat ; a little quarrel or dis- sension. [A New England vulgarism.] SPATHE, instead of SPATHE. SPATHO'DEA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Bignoniacepe. The species are truly splendid plants when in flower, the flowers being orange-coloured, yel- low, or purple. They are chiefly natives of the East Indies. SPATS, V. Spatterdashes. [Scotch.] SPATULA'RIA, n. A genus of fishes belonging to the sturgeon tribe. They are remarkable for the form of their 1 Rpatulaiia, upper (I) and under (2) view. snouts, which are enormously long, and leaf-like in form. The type of the genua is the paddle-fish of the Mississippi. SPECULATIVE SPHACELISMDS SPIDER-FLY Sptw^LD }"• The shoulder. [Scotch.] SPA -WATER, n. An acidulous chaly- beate, ciintaining more iron and car- bonic acid than any other mineral sprinor. SPAW'DER, n. A provincial term, sig- nifying an injury arising from the legs of animals being forced too far asunder on ice or slippery roads. SPAWL. V. i. In Diet., No. 2 belongs tothe \oun. SPEAK, V. i. [add.] Speak sad brotc, and true maid, speak with a serious coun- tenance, and as a true maid. [S7iaA.] SPE.\K, V. t. [add.] Siieak him far, carry your praises far. [67iaA.] SPE.\KING DEMURRER, n. In /air, a demurrer in which new facts which do not appear upon the face of the bill in equity, are introduced. SPE€, for Speculation. [Vulgar.] SPE'CES,t n. plur. Species; sorts or kinds. I Chaucer.] SPE"CI.\L, a. [add.] Special bastard, in laic, one born of parents before marriage, the parents afterwards inter- marrying. — Special iiijunctioiis, those prohibitory writs or interdicts against acts of pai-ties, such ad waste, nuisance, piracy, &c. — Special occupancy, where an estate is granted to a man and his heirs during the life of cestui que vie, and the grantee die without alienation, and while the life for which he held continues, the heir will succeed, and is called a special occupant. — Special paper, a list kept in court for putting down demurrers, &c., to be argued. SPE CIALTY DEBTS, n. In laur, bonds, mortgages, debts secured by writing under seal. SPECIES, n. [add.] In scientific clas- sification, a group of such individuals as have an essential identity in all qua- lities proceeding from their ultimate constitution or structure. SPECIFIC, a. [add.) That specifies or particularizes ; as, a specific state- ment. SPECIF'ICALLY, adv. [add.] Defi- nitely; particularly. SPECK, w. [Suio-Goth. spaech.] Blub- ber, the fat of whales, and other mam- malia in South Africa. The fat flesh of the hippopotamus is so called by the Dutch. — Speck-fal's, in the Aorlhern whale -fisheri/, falls or ropes rove through blocks, for ho, sting the blub- ber and bone off the wliale. SPECK-AND-SP.4lN-NEW, n. Quite new. [Sir IF. Scott.] SPECKSlONEEir, n. hi' the Xorthern whale-fisheru, the man who directs the cutting operations. SPECTATO'RIAL.o. [add.J Looking on ; observing. SPECULAR, a. [add.] Of glass ; transparent. — Specular iron-ore, iron- glance, a subspecies of rhomboidal iron- ore, occurring frequently in crystals of a brilliant metallic lustre. The com- mon variety affords an excellent male- able iron, and the micaceous yields an iron well suited for cast ware. SPECULA'RIA, H. A genus of plants, nat. order Campanulaccie. The species are small annual plants. >'. hybrida is a native of the corn-fields of Great Britain. ^. speculum is a pretty annual, commonly cultivated under the name of Venus's looking-glass. SPECULATING, ppt. Meditating; purchasing with the expectation of an advance in price. SPECULATIVE, «. [add.] Command- ing an extensive prospect; as, a specu- /afi're height. [Lnt. specula.] [Cowper.] SPEDE,t V. t. To speed ; to despatch. I Chaucer. \ SPEDE'FUL.t a. Effectual; success- ful. [Chaucer.] SPEF,CE,t «. Kind : species. SPEECHIFIC.\'T10N, n. Actofniak- Ing speeches or of haranguing. [ Used rather as a term of sport or derision.] SPEECH' IF Y, V. i. [add.] [Rather a low icorrf.] SPEED ER, «. One who speeds; a ma- chine. SPEER, V. f. See Speir. SPEERINGS,n.p/. Askings; answers to questions asked ; information. [SfoffA] SPEKE'-HOUSE, ) n. A parlour; the SPEAK'-HOUSE,) room in a convent in which the inmates were allowed to speak with their friends. SPEK'TAKEL,t ". [A>c Spectacle.] .V spying-glass. [Chaucer] SPEL'DING, In. A small fish split SPEL'DRON, ) and dried in the sun. [Scotch.] SPELL, n. [add] Sport ; play. [Chau- cer.] — In Xeir England, a short time ; a little time ; a short turn ; a bout ; fit ; the continuance of any kind of weather. — Also, a turn of gratuitous labour performed to a neighbour, sometimes accompanied with presents. SPELLING, ppr. [add.] Taking an- other's turn. SPELL'-LAND, n. A land of speUs or charms. SPELL'-STOPPED, a. Stopped by a spell or spells. [5AaA.] j SPENCER, n. [add] Spencer-mast, a small mast on which a spencer is hoisted. SPERE,+ H. A sphere. [Chaucer.] SPERE,t n. A spear. [Chaucer.] SPER'ED,+ \pp. [See Sparred in SPER'RED,+ (■ this Supp.] Barred; 1 bolted. [Chaucer.] SPER'MA, n. [L.l Sperm; seminal fluid ; the seed of plants. SPERM.4CE'TI, a. Relating to, or made of spermaceti. SPERMACE'TI-WH.ALE, ) h. The SPERM-WHALE, f Phijseter macrocephalus. [See Spermaceti.] SPERMATOCELE, instead of SPER- M.VTOCELE. [add.] Pron. spermat- osel. SPERMA'TO-CYSTID'IUM, n. [Gr. anfu-n.. a seed, and xujtis. a bladder.] A name given to the male organ of mosses; otherwise called slaminidium. SPERM.A.TOL OGY, n. [Gr. fis-^*, seed, and Aeye,-, discourse.] .\ treatise on sperm. SPERME.t «■ Sec Sperm. [Chaucer.] SPERMID lUM, instead of SPERMI- DIUM. SPER'-MODERM, n. [add.] Properly, the testa, primine, or external membrane of the seed of plants. SPERMOL'OGlST.n. [add.] One who treats of seeds. SPERMOPH'AGA, instead of SPER- MO PHAGA. SPERMOPH'ILA, instead of SPER- MO PHILA. SPERMOPU'ILUS, instead of SPER- MO PIIILUS. SPERSED.t [PP- [See Disperse.] SPERST,+ ) Dispersed; scattered. [Spenser] SPEiTUM, n. A kind of spear used in the loth century. [See cut in Diet. Speab.] SPHACELIS'MUS, n. See Sphacel- ism. 370 SPH.?:REN€UYM.\, n. [Gr. rf.<;., a sphere, and ihjux. anything poured out.] A name given to the spherical variety of the parenchyma of plants. SPH.ERID1UM, n. [Gr. ^fx,.x, a sphere, and i:J»,-, resemblance.] A genvis of palpicorn coleopterous Insects, the species of which are found chiefly iu dung. SPH-EROCOe CITES, n. .igenusof fucoidal fossil plants from the oolite series of the Y'orkshire coast. SPH.S; RODUS, II. A fossil genus of fishes from the oolitic and cretaceous strata. SPU-EROSIDE'RITE. See Spiiero- siderite. SPHALERO-CARTIUM, n. [Gr. tf-;«Xe*fl^, delusive, and )!«»t«, fruit.J -A botanical designation of the collective fruit of the vew, blitum, iiv. SPUEG ID-E, n. SameasSpHECiD.E. SPHEN.\C.\N'THUS, n. .V genus of fossil fishes from the coal-formation of Scotland. SPHENOID, instead of SPHENOID'. SPHENOID, n. The sphenoid bone. SPHENO-P.VL.\TIXE GANGLION, n. The largest of the cranial ganglia. SPHENOPTERIS, instead of SPHEN- OPTERIS. SPHE'NO - S.U.PIN'GO - STAPHY- LI NUS, n. A designation of the cir- cumflexus-palati nmscle. SPUE NO-STAPHYLINUS, n. A de- signation of the levator palati mollis. SPHEROM'ETER, instead of SPHE- RO METER. SPIIER ULA, n. [L. jpAffinita, a little sphere.] A spherule; a term applied to the globose peridium of some plants. SPUIGMOM ETER, SPHYGMOM- ETER, instead of SPHIGMO -ME- TER SPHYGMOMETER. SPURAGIDE, instead of SPHRAG'- ID. SPHYR^'NODUS,«. A genus of fossU fishes from the London clay. SPICA, n. [L. an ear of corn.] In sur- aery, the name of a bandage, so named from its turns, being thought to re- semble the rows of an ear of corn. — Spica descendens, the uniting bandage used in rectilinear wounds. It con- sists of a double-headed roller, with a longitudinal slit in the middle, three or four inches long. [See Spike.] SPICE-APPLE, n. A kind of apple. SPICED, pp. [add] Having a taste or flavour; having a relish.— -Ve(ai»Aori- cally, nice; dainty; delicate; tender; as, a spiced conscience. [Chaucer.] SP'i'CES,tn- for Speces. Species. [Chaucer.] SPICK,t ". A spike; a tenter. SP1CK-.\ND-SP.\N, n. Matter and form. [Sir »'. Scott.] SPICK-A.ND-SPAN, adv. With glossy freshness. [Butler.] SPI'€OSE, fa. Having spikes or ears; SPieOUS, ) eared like corn. SPIC'ULA, n. pi. Spicules. [L.] A small spike or spikelet. SPI€'ULlFORM, a. Having the form of a spicule. SPICULlOiENOUS, a. Contaimng spicules. SPIDER-CATCHER, n. A bird, the Tichodroma muraria, found in southern Europe. It is allied to our creeper. Also, a genus of birds (Arachnothera), whose favourite food is spiders. SPI'DER-FLY, n. A dipterous insect of 1 the family Pupipara. There are many ' species of these found parasitic on birds and quadrupeds. They belong to the SPINNE SPLAIE SPONSINGS genera Hippobosca and Nycteribia. They ai-e long-legged, and, like spideri^, move sideways SPrDER-MONKEYS.n. A name given to monkeys of the genus Ateles, which are distinguished by the great length, slenderness, and Hexibility of their limbs, and by the prehensile power of their tails. They are found in South America. SPI'bER-SHELL, n. A species of the genus Murex. SPIES,tH.p/.[5eeSpr.] Looks; glances. [Spenser. ] SPIGUR NEL, «. [Sax. spicitrran, to shut up, or inclose.] In law, the sealer of the royal writs. SPIKE, V. t. fadd. I To fix upon a spike. SPIKE'-LAV'ENDER, n. Common la- vender, Lavandula spica. SPIKE'-NAIL, n. A nail of four inches in length and upwards. \See Spirk.] SPIKE'-TEAM, n. In the United States, a waggon drawn by three horses, or by two oxen and a horse. SPl'KY, a. [atld.l Set with spikes ; as, spiky wheels. \Pope.] SPILAN'THUS, ;i. A genus of plants, nat. order ConipositEe, suborder Corym- biferae. The involucre and receptacle of S. oleracea are said to act as a power- ful stimulant of the salivary organs. SPILE, n. (D. spil; Ir. spile; Scot. spyle.^ A small peg or wooden pin, used to stop a hole ; a stake driven into the ground to protect a bank, form wharfs, abutments, &c. [Provincial.] SPILE'-HOLE, n. Air-hole of a cask; hole for a spile. SPIL'IKINS, n. plur. A set of small ivory instruments used in playing games. SPILL, n. A strip of paper rolled up to light a lamp or a cigar. [Provincial.] SPILLE,t V. t. See Spill. [Ckaucer.] SPlLLE.t V. i. To perish; to be lost. [Chaucer.] SPILT,t for SpiLLED.t pp. [Suio-Goth. spiaell; G. spille; Scot, spale, a small shiver or thin sKp of wood, a chiu.] Pieced; diversified with pieces; inlaid. [Spenser.] SPI'LUS, «. [Or. ffT.Aw, a spot.] In patho., a congenital spot or discolora- tion of the skin. SPl'NA, n. [add.] The backbone or spine. SPI'NA-BIF'IDA, ». [L.l The cloven spine; a disease attended with an in- complete state of some of the vertebra', and a tiuid swelling, commonly situ- ated over the lower lumbar vertebrae. SPIN'ACH, n. [add.] New Zealand spinach, the Tetragonia e.rpansa, used instead of common spinach. SPINA'CIA, n. A genus of plants. [See Spinach.] SPINA'LIS DOR'SI, n. A muscle of the back, which serves to extend the vertebrje, and to assist in raising the spine. SPl'NA-VENTO'SA, n. [L.J A caries of a bone; white ■swelling. SPIN'DLE-LEGGED, a. Having long slender legs. SPIN'DLE- SHELL, «. The species of the genus Fusus. SPINES OF THE LEAVES, n. In bot., the hardened extremities of lobes; or,in some cases, superiicial spiny elevations. SPIN'ET, or SPINET', n. SPI'NIFOUM, instead of SPIN'I- FORM. SPI'NINESS, n. The quaUty of being spiny, SPINNE,t v.t. To spin. SPIN'NY, ^ n. A small wood; a clump SPI'NY, J of trees; a small grove or shrubbery. [ProvijiciaL] [*SVe Spinet.] SPIN'ULOUS,a. Covered with minute spines. SPI'RACLE, instead of SPIR'ACLE, H. [add.] Any small hole, aperture, ori- fice, or vent ; a pore ; a minute passage ; as, the spiracles of the human skin. SPI'RAL CAM, n. In mech., the name given to the solid cam (ivhich see in this 5«7>7>.), when the ridge is formed spirally on the cone. SPI'RAL WHEELS, n. [add.] Wheels of this kind are used when the two shafts require to pass each other; when the shafts are in the same plane, bevel- wheels ai'e employed. Spiral wheels are attended with considerable friction, and are therefore objectionable. SPIRE, H. [add.] A term applied collec- tively to the convolutions of a spiral shell, which are placed above the low- est or body whorl, whatever shape it may assume. — A stake ; probably a cor- ruption oi' spere {spear), [Chaucer.] SPiRE.t r. t. To shoot forth. SPIRED, f pret. of Spere, to inquire. Asked; inquired. [Chancer.] SPl'RIFER, instead of SPIR'IFER. SPIR'IT, «. [add.] Spii-it of sense, sen- sibility of touch. [Shah.] SPIRIT, V. t. [add.] To convey away rapidly and secretly, as if by the agency of a spirit ; as, " I felt as if 1 had been spirited into some castle of antiquity." SPIR'IT-DUCK, n. The Anas albeola is so called in the United States from its expertness in diving, and its sudden appearances and disappearances. SPIRITS, n. [add.] Ordinary spirits contain from 5U to 5li per cent, of alco- hol ; spirits of wine, from 6li to 07 per cent. ; rectified spirits, from 82 to Q5 per cent. SPIR ITUAL, a. [add.] Spiritual cor- porations, corporations where the mem- bers are entirely spiritual persons, and incorporated as such, for the further- ance of religion and perpetuating the rights of the church. They are either solcy as bishops, certain deans, parsons, and vicars; or aggregate, as deans and chapters, prior and convent, abbot and monk. SPIRITUAL'ITY,n. [add.] Spirituality of benefices, the tithes of land, &c. SPIK'ITUALIZE. For " v. i.," read v. t. SPIRITUOS'lTY,t instead of SPIR'- ITUOSITY. SPIRITUO'SO, instead of SPIRIT- UOSO. SPIR'ITUS, «. [L.] Spirit; any inflam- mable liquor obtained by distillation. SPIROG LYPIIUS, «. A genus of fos- sils from the mountain-limestones of Ireland. SPIR'ULA, n. A genus of cephalopods, having a discoid multilocular shell, and forming the type of the family Spiru- lidse. SPl'RY, a. [add.] Abounding in spires or steeples; as, 5i^ir^ towns. [Thom- son.] SPITE, n. [add.] Chagrin ; vexation ; trouble. I Shak.] SPlT'OUS,t a. [See Spite.] Spiteful; angry. [Chaucer.] SPIT'OUSLY,! adv. Angrily; spite- fully. I Ckaucer.] SPIT'TLE, v. t. To dig or stir with a small spade, [Local.] SPlT'TLY,t a. Slimy ; full of spittle. SPLAlE,t V. t. [See Display.] To dis- play ; to unfold ; to expand ; to extend. [Chaucer.] 371 SPLANCHNOG'RAPHY, n. [Gr. ffik-a.-, discourse.] A treatise on the spleen. SPLENOT'OMY, n. [Gr. ^^?.y,v, and To^>5, a cutting.] Anatomical dissection of the spleen. SPLINTER, V. t. See Splint. SPLINTS, «.iv/«r. In anc. armour, small overlai)ping plates for the defence of the bend of the arm, and whichallo\\ ed of free motion. [A'ccSplint- Armouk.J SPLIT, 71. A crack; rent, or longitudinal fissure ; a breach ; a division or separa- tion, as in a political party. [Colloq.\ SPLIT, ?v>- Divided; separated; rent; broken or dashed to pieces against a rock, as a ship. SPLIT'TED, pp. Same as Split, but seldom used. SPOCH'-DOG,t n. A species of dog, SPOD'lUM, n. The oxide of zinc. SPOD'OMANCY, n. [Gr. . t. [add.] To extend, figu- ratively; as, to spread the iutei-ests of Christianity. [Afteroun/.] SPREAD, n. [add.] A cloth used as a cover; a table, as spread or furnished with a meal. [Colloquial.] SPREADING, ppr. [add.] Spreading false neifs, a misdemeanour punishable at common-law with tine and imprison- ment. SPKEAGII,) T. 1 . V. 1, SPREATH ( "■ I'f^' booty; literally SPKEITH, > cattle. [Scotch.] SPUEAGH'EKIE, n. Cattle-lifting; prey-driving ; also small spoil ; paltry booty of small articles. [Scotch.] SPREINT,f pp. of Sprenge. Sprinkled ; scattered. [Chaucer. | SPRENGE,t r. t. [Sax. spmngan.] To sprinkle ; to scatter : to disperse. SPRENT,t;>/». [add.] Scattered; spread over ; as, sprent w ith vermilion. [5!pcn- ser.] SPREY, n. Spruce; spry. [Local.] SPRIG, n. [add.] A small eye-bolt rag- ged at the point. SPRIGGED, pp. [add] Atljeclicely, growing in sprigs; as, sprigged rosemarv. SPRING, r. 1. [add.] To bend or wind from a straight or plane surface, as a piece of timber or plank in seasoning. SPRING.n. [add.] A beginning. [Shak.] SPRIN'GALL,t ". A youth: an active young man ; a shoot ; a warlike engine. I See Sprt-vg.\ld.] SPKING'ALS.t ;i pliir. [Sw. springa. See Spring.] Y'oung men. [Spenser.] SPRING'-€ROei'S,n.Aspring-flower- ing plant, the Crocus vernus, which grows in meadows. SPRING ER- ANTELOPE, n. The springbok. — which see. SPRING OLDS,f ri. plnr. Machines for castingstones and arrows. [iSeeSpRiXG- .\x.D.] \ Chaucer.] SPRING'-ST.iY', n. In ships, a smaller stay used to assist the regular one. SPRING-TAILS, n. Insects of the fa- mily Podurida", which have the tail ending in two bristles, usually bent under the belly, but which, when the insect wishes to move, tiy out straight and throw the insect forward. SPRINKLE, r. i. [add.] To fly in small drops or sprinkles: as, to make water sprinkle up in fine dew. SPRINK'LING.n. [add.] A small quan- tity of anvthing scattered : a sprinkle. SPRITE LESS,t a. See Sprightless. SPRIT -S.\ILY.ARD,n. Ins/lips, ayard slung across the bowsprit. A sprit-sail used to be rigged on it. [See Spbit- S.^II,. See cut in Diet. Jib-Boom.] SPRUCE, r. I. [add.] To spruce up, to dress ones self sprucely or neatly. [American.] SPRUE, n. That which is thrown off in casting metals ; dross or scoria ; a dis- ease. [See Sprew.] SPRUG. n. A sparrow. [Scotch.] SPRUG-UP,t;. i. To dress neatly. [Lo- cal.] SPRUNT.t n. [add.] A short cuiled hair. SPRUSH. <7. Spruce. [Scotch.] SPRY. a. [add.] [Local in England.] SPULE'-BANE, n. The shoulder-bone. [Scotch] SPU'MINESS, instead of SPUMI- NESS. SPUNE, n. A spoon. [5fo(c/i.] SPUNGE, I', i. To get or gain by mean arts. [See Sponge.] [5!r(fif.] SPUNGE, i\ (. To get by sponging; as, to spunge a breakfast. [5ir^/?.l SPUN'GER, 71. One who, by mean arts, contrives to feed at the expeuse of others. [.9fri.fi'.] SPUR. 71. [add.] Spur-shores, or spurs. [See Shore in this Supp. See also Sprit] SPURGE, 71. [add] The caper-spurge is the Euphorbia lathyris, the oil of the seedsof which is a substitute for croton- oil; the cypress-spurge is the E. cypaiis- sias, a virulent poison : the petty spurge is the E.peplus, once used as a powerful purgative ; the icinter-spurge is the E. hiberna, a fish-poison. SPUR'LING. 71. A small sea-fish. SPUR-MAKER, ti. One who makes sptirs. SPURN, V. 1. [add.] To stumble or strike against accidentally; as, to spurn at a dead body and fall upon it. SPUKN'EY, 71. A plant ; probably a cor- luption of spurrey. 372 SPUR'RER, 71. [add.] Something that incites or urges on ; as, a spurrer to exercise and amusement. [6'iri//.] SPUR-ROW EL. 71. The point of a spiu-. SPUR'RV, 71. 5ce Spukrf.t. SPUR-WHANG, 71. Spur-leather. f5co(c/i ] SPUR-WING, 71. [add.] Geese of the genus Plectropterus are also so called. They are natives of Africa, and have two strong spurs on the shoulder of the wing. SPY'ALS.t 71. plur. [See Spr.] Spies. [Spenser.] SPYRE,t V. i. [See SpiBE.] To shoot forth. [Spenser.] SQU.\B -CHICK, 71. A chicken not fully feathered. Local. \ SQUAD DY, a. Squabby. [.'l77iCT-ican vuli/arism.] SQUAIMOUS.t Tyrwhitt conjectures this word to signify squeamish, but is very doubtful as to the proper meaning or derivation. From the context it would seem to have some connection with squall or squalid, f Chaucer] SQUAMES,f 71. 7>/iir. [L. squama^ a scale.] Scales. [Chaucer.] SQU.ViMIFORM, instead of SQUAM'- IFORM. SQUA'MIPEN, 71. See Squ.imipexnes. SQUANDER, n. Act of squandering. [Jiai-e.] SQUARE, n. [add.] Method of least squares, the method of finding tlie pro- bable error in assuming the mean of a number of discordant observations of a phenomenon. In the application of this method, the rule in all cases is the same; namely, that that result has the greatest probability in its favour, the assumption of which makes the sum of the squares of the errors the least pos- sible, provided that all the observations are equally worthy of confidence. The method of least squares is now univer- sally used in astronomy. SQUARE, V. t. [add.] To square the circle, to determine the exact area of a circle in square measure. [See Quad- rature.] SQUARE, V. i. [add.] To square up, to put one's self in an attitude fit for box- ing. [Provincial.] SQUARE-COUPLING, n. In 77ii«- icork, a kind of permanent coupling, of which the coupling-box is made in halres and square, corresponding to the form of the two connected ends of the shafts. The two halves of the box are bolted together on the opposite sides, as represented by the annexed figure. SQUARE'-TOED, a. Having the toes or end square. SQUAiriNG,for "ppr. or 77.," read ppr. [add.] Squaring-off in ship-building, plugging off and otherwise tightening the trenails, and chinsing all the rents and shakes in the planks, after the seams have been caulked. SQUARISH, a. Kearly square. SQU*^SU'-BUG, 71. In Neic England, the name given to a fetid insect de- structive to the leaves of the squash- vine. It belongs to the order Hemip- tera, and is the Coreus tristis of natur- absts. SQU.ASHER, 71. One who squashes. STAFF STAMIN STAR SQUASH-GOURD, n. The Cucurbito melopepo, [See SquAsii.] SQU^Tl'NA, n. A genus of cartilagin- ous fishes belonging to tlie family Squalid;^. The S. anijehis is the angel- fish, Sqiialus squatina (Linn.) [See An- GEL-FlSir.] SQUAAV'-UOOT, n. In the United Statesy a medicinal plant, the Macrvtus racemosa. It possesses narcotic pro- perties, and is recommended by the Shakers for correcting the secretions. SQUiVW'-WEED, n. In the United States, a medicinal plant, the Seneciu ohovafi'S, used for diseases of the skin. SQUEAL, n. A shrill or sharp cry. SQUEAL, 17. i. [add.] This verb was formerly used of persons ; as, her nurse scarce heard her squeal. [Prior.] — Ghosts did shriek and squeal about the streets. [^Vi^/A.] SQUETEAGUE', n. (sqwe-teg'.) An American fish, the Labrus squetettque, very common in the waters of Long Island Sound and adjacent bays. SQUIB, n. Instead of " A pretty fel- low " [No. 3J, read A petty fellow; a flashy person. SQUIB, r. i. [add.] [Colloquial in the United States.] SQUIB'BING, ppr. Throwing squibs; uttering severe reflections. [Colloquial in the United States.] SQUlEU,t n. A squire. [Cliaucer.] SQUIER.f V. t. To attend as a squire. [C/mncer.] SQUiER'IE,t 71. A company or num- ber of squires. [ Chaucer. \ SQUIG'GLE, V. I. To shake a fluid about in the mouth, with the lips closed. [Local.] SQUILL, n. [add.] Officinal squill, the Scilla maritima ( Linn . ), or Uroinen Scilla of Steinheil. — Paurrafic squill, the Urqlnea pancration (Steinheil). It inhabits the Mediterranean coast, and is used as the officinal squill, but is said to be milder in its effects. SQUINAN'THUS, n. A species of Jun- cus, the J. odoratus, called also sweet- rush and cameVs'hay. It has a pun- gent taste and fragrant smell, and its pith was once used medicinally. SQUINT'-EYE, n. [add.] A partial judgment, [■S/'CH.'.'fr.] SQUIRE, n. A rule; afoot-rule. [Shah.] SQUIRE,! for SquARF,, n. [Spenser.] SQUIRR. See Squih. SQUIRT, n. A foppish young fellow; a whipper-snapper. [American vulgar- ism.] SQUIRTED, pp. Ejected in a stream from a narrow orifit^e. SQUIRT'ING, ppr. Ejecting from a nari'ow orifice in a stream. STAB, r. t. [add.] Tohe stabbed with laughter, in Shah., is to be completely overcome with laughter ; to laugh one's self out (jf breath. STABBING, n. Instead of signification given, read as follows : — The act of piercing with a pointed weapon; the act of wounding or killing with a pointed instrument. STACK, n. [add.] Stack of arms, a number of muskets set up together, with the bayonets crossing one another, forming a sort of conical pile. STACKE,t n. for St.vck; as, a stack of wood. [Chaucer.] STADE, n. A furlong; a stadium, — which see. STAD'LE,t n. [See Staddle.] A staff. [Spenser.] STAFF, n. [add.] Peoimental staff, an establishment of officers, consisting of an adjutant, quarter- master, chaplain, surgeon, &c. — Personal staff, the ofli- cers immediately about the general of an army. — Staff'- officer, an officer be- longing to the staff of a regiment. STAFF-HERDING, n. In ^^ly, aright to drive cattle on a common gently, without hounding or violence. STAFF'-SLlNG,t "- A sling whicli consisted of a staff', with a leathern bag fixed to the end of it, in which the stone to be thrown was placed. It was wielded with both hands, and the sol- diers who n-^ed it were stationed in the turrets of a castle, or the topcastles and forecastles of shipping. [Chaucer.] STAG, n. [add.] A colt or filly; a romp- ing girl; a castrated bull. [Local.] — In the New York courts, a stag is the technical name for a man who is always ready to aid in proving an alibi, for a consideration. STAG'-DANCE, n. In the United States, a dance performed by males only, in bar-rooms, &c. STAGr'ING, n. Among ship-iorights, scaffolding. STACJ'IRITE, n. See Stagvrite. STAO'YRITE, for " STAG'IRITE," read STA6 IRITE. STAIIL'IANISM, 71. In iried., the doc- trine of Stahl, a German physician, who considered every vital action under the direction and presidency of the soul. STAID'LY, adv. In a staid manner; calmly ; soberly. STaIG, 71. A young horse not yet broken in for work or riding ; a stallion. [Scotch.] STAIK, n. Steak. [Scotch.] STAIN, V. i. To take stains; to become stained. [Shah.] STAIN, n. fadd.] Tincture; slight mark. [Shak.] STAIR'CASE-SHELLS, n. Shells of the genus Solarium are so called by collectors. STAlliaiEAD, n. The top of a stair- STAKE'-FELLOW, n. One tied or burned at the same stake. STAK'ER,t V. /. Tostagger. [Chaucer.] STALAGTI TES, n. The word origi- nally used for Stalactite. STAL'D,t PP- for Stolen. [Spenser.] STALE, n. [add.] A stalking-horse; a thing stalled, or exposed for common sale. [Shah.] STALE'-CHECK, n. In law, stn ante- dated check. STALES,t n. plur. [See Stale.] En- ticements; devices; tricks. [Spenser.] STALK, V. i. [add.] To go warily or softly. [Shah.] STALKE,t V. i. for Stai.k. [Chaucer.] STALKES,t 71. plur. (stauks.) The up- right pieces of a ladder, into which the rounds or steps are fi.\ed. [Chaucer.] STALK'LETS, 7i. In bot., secondary pe- tioles ; petiolules ; the stalks of leaflets. STALL, V. t. [add.] To set; to fix; to plunge into mire, so as not to be able to proceed ; as, to stall horses or a car- riage. I Provincial.] STAL'WARTII,) ^ ^^^ «:t*,wa«t STAL'WORT, (^- -^eeST-^LWAKr. STAM'AGH, 71. Stomach. [Scotch.] STA'MEN, n. [add.] This term, when used in the botanical sense, usually takes the English plural sta'mens ; but in other senses the Latin plural statu' ina. STAM'EN.fH. 5reSTAMiN. [Chaucer.] STAMIN, n. [add.] A coarse worsted cloth manufactured in Norfolk in the iGth century. 3( -J STAM'MEL,t a. Of a reddish colour; pertaining to the cloth called sta/iutiel. STAMPEDE', n. [Sp. estampado, foot- steps, noise of stamping feet.] In the nvsfern states of America, a sudden fright seizing upon large bodies of cattle or horses, in droves or encampments on the prairies, and causing them to run for many miles, until they often sink down, or die under their terrors. It is also written stampado. STANCK,t \a. [Suio-Goth. 5/a?iAG, to STANK,t f gasp for breath.] Ex- hausted; faint; weary. [Speriser.] STAND, V. i. [add.] To stand on, in seamen^s Ian., to continue on the same tack or course. STAND'ARD STARS, h. A name given by astronomers to those stars which are best known, and best adapted for observation. STAND'-€ROP, h. A plant, the Cras- sula mitior. STAND'EL, 71. In law, a young store oak-tree, twelve of which were to be left in every acre of wood at the felling thereof. STAND'ER, \7i. [add.] A STAND'ARD-GRASS, ( plant, the Orchis 7tiascula, or male orchis ; called also dog^s-stones and satyrion. STAND'ING, ppr. [add.] Standing artny, a regular army kei)t in constant service, as distinct from militia. — Stand- ing ropes. Instead of the words " as the sheet-stays, backstays, &c.," insert as the jackstays, backstays, &c. STAND'-STILL, )i. Act of stopping; state of rest ; a stop. STANE, 71. A stone. [Scotch.] STANG, n. [add.] A sting. [Scotch.] STANG, V. t. To sting. [Scotch.] STAN'IUM, n. A strong cloth of a su- perior quality, worn during the Anglo- Norman period. Also called stamfortis. STAN'NOUS OXIDE, n. Protoxide of tin. STAN'NUM, n. [L.] Tin.— This word originally signified a compound of silver and lend. STANT,t for Standeth. [Chaucer.] STAPE'DIUS, 71. [From stapes.] A small muscle of the internal ear, in- serted into the neck of the stapes or stirrup. STAPHISA'GRIA, 7*. Stavesacre,i)e;- phinium staphisagria. STAPH'YLE, n. [Gr. o-to^wX*;, a bunch of grapes.] In a/iat., the ulvula. STAPUYLI'NUS, H. A genus of coleop- terous insects, with short wing-sheaths, the type uf the family Staphy- linidie. The spe- cies are usually found under dead leaves, stones, dung, &c. The S. olens^ common in this country, has re- ceived the name of tiie devil's coach-horse or rove- beetle. It is of a dead black, thickly punctured, and co- vered with short hairs. STAPHYLOKRHA'PIIIA, n. [L.] Same as Staphvlouapuy,— 7(•/(iW^ see. STA'PLE, ?i. [add.] Figurativelt/, the material or substance of a thing; as, the staple of a literary production. STAR, n. [add.] Binari/ star.^; in astr., sidereal systems, composed of two stars revolving about each other, in regular orbits.— In law, star was an ancient name for all deeds, releases, or obliga- STATION STEAD STEARO-KICINIC ACID tions of the Jews, and also for a sche- dule or inventory. [ The term thus used is said to be derived from Heb. skefar, a deed or contract.] — Star of the earth, a plant, the Phtntago cnronopus. STAR, V. I. To shine as a star; to shine above others, as an eminent theatrical performer. STAK'-BRlGnX. a. Bricht as a star. STARCH -MAKER, m. One who make> starch. STAR -CROSSFD,a. Ill-fated. \Shak.] STARFE.t pret. of Sterie {Starve). \^Chaucer.^ STAR'-GAZING,a. Looking at, or ad- miring the stars. STAR'-GRASS,7i.[adJ.] Aplantofthe genus Callitriche, and one also of the genus Aletris. STAR-HAWK, n, A species of hawk so called. STaRK, a. [add.] Strong; rigid; stiff. — Stark- staring -mad, evidently quite mad. [5c»/cA.l STAR LTNGES,t «■ P'"'". [^ee Ster^ LING.] Starlings; pence of sterling: monev. [Cliancer.] star" OF BETHLEHEM. 5ee under Star. STAR'OST, in^^tead of STAROST, n. [add.] In Poland, a nobleman possessed of a castle or domain, called a starostu. STAR'OSTY,insteadofSTAKOSTY, 71. [add.] In Poland, a name given to castles and domains conferred on noble- men for life by the crown. STAR'RINESS, 71. The state of being starry. STARRY, a. In hot., arranged in rays like the points of a star. STAR-SPOTTED, a. Spotted with stars. START, V. t. [add.] To start an anchor, to make it lose its hold of the ground. — To start a cash, to open it; to empty it. — 7b start a tack or a sheet, to slack it off a little. START'LISH. a. Apt to start. [Colhq.^ START'UPS, n. In anc. costinne, a kind of ru>tic high shoes; called a]so bag - aino-shoes. STATA'RIAN,t a. Steady; well-dis- ciplined. STATA'RIANLY,t adv. In a statarian manner. STATE,! ^dc. for Stately or Stoutly. [Spenser.] STa'TER, 71. [add.] The gold stater of ancient Greece was usually worth about £1,3.?. sterling. The Attic silver tetra- drachm was. in later times, called stater. Stater is also the name of an apothe- caries' weight, equal to 1^, ounces. STATE'RA, 7J. [L.] In an/i^a\v, a kind of Roman balance, much the same as the steelyard. STATES,t ". pl [5e*> State, No. 11.] Canopies or pavilions. [Si^eTi^cr.] STATES -GENERAL. See States. STaTES^MANLY, rtrf( befitting a statesman [Seldom used.] STAT'lC, »a. [add ST4.T It'AL, f ing by mere weight or pressure, without producing motion — Statical figure, the tigure which re- sults from tlie equilibrium of forces. STA'TING, ppr. Setting forth; expres- sinir in particular. STA TION,n. [add.] Manner of stand- ing: attitude. [Shak.] — In hot., a term used to signify the peculiar locality where each species of plants is accus- tomed to grow ; and it has reference to climate, soil, humidity, light, elevation above the sea, \'c. , Relating to, or statesmanlike. Resting; act- STATIST'ICALLY, adv. In a statisti- cal manner. STATIST I€S, 7*. [add.] Medical sta- tistics, the application of numbers to illustrate the natural history of men in health and disease. STAT PRO RATIO'NE VOLUN- TAS, instead of STAT PRO RA- TIONS VOLUNTAS. STAT'UAS, n. Pictures. [Shak.^ STAT'UE. n. [add.] A picture. [Shak.] STAT'UED, a. Furnished witli statues. STAT UESQUE, a. Relating toastatue. [Rar. us.] STA'TU QUO, instead of STATU QUO. STAT'UTE, n. [add.] Some ancient statutes are in the form of charters or ordinances, proceeding from the crown, and in which the consent of the lords and commons is not expressed. — Sta- tute of frauds and perjuries, the Act 29 Car. II., c. 3, which enacts for the pre- vention of many fraudulent practices, that all agreements respecting land shall be in writing, except lease^^ not exceeding three years — two-thirds of the value being reserved for rent Also, that all assignments and surren- ders, all real property contracts, de- clarations of trust, e.\cept by implica- tion and personal engagements, shall be in writing. Part of this statute was repealed bv 1 Vict., c. 26. STATUTE-MERCHANT, 77. [add.] This bond of record is fallen into disuse. STAT UTE-STAPLE, n. [add.] Tius bond of record is now obsolete. STAUNCUE,t V. t. or i. [5ee Stanch.] To stop: to satisfy. [Chaucer.] STAURONE'IS, n. In bat., a genus of Diatomacesp, separated from Navicula. in consequence of having a central transverse band free from strife. Na- vicula Ph(euicinttron of Ehrenberg be- longs to it. STAU'ROPUS, n. A genus of noctur- nal lepidopterous insects. S. fagi is known by the name of the lobster-moth. It is found in various parts of the south of England, but is a rare species. The larva is very curioas in form. STAVE, v.'t. [add.] In 7i«7//. Ian., to break a hole in a vessel ; as, our launch is stove. — To stave and tail, to part dogs by interposing a staff, and pulling the tail. STAVES, 71. The plural oistaffan^ stave. STAVES'A€RE.7. [add.] The Delphi- nium staphisagria, the seeds of which are emetic, purgative, acrid, and nar- cotic. STAW, V. i. [Suio-Goth. staa.] To be fixed or set; to stand still, as a cart. [\orth of England.] STAW, V. t. To put to a stand ; to sur- feit. [Scotch.] STAY, 7(, [add.] Slack in staj/s, the situation of a ship when she works slowlv in tacking. stay", v. t. [add. J To wait for; as, my father stays my coming. [5AaA.] STAY'-BARS, \ n. Strong iron bars STaY'-RODS, J for supporting the frames on whicli the paddle-shafts and intermediate shaft of a marine steam- eni;ine rest. STAY-BOBBIN, n. A bobbin used for stays. STAYD,t PP from Stay. Stopt or caught. [>/)e7/.vpr.] STAYK'FALD holes. 71. plur. Holes in a wall, used by workmen to erect their scaffolding. [Local.] STEAD, \n. [Sax. sted, a place.] STEADING, ) The ground on which 374 a house stands, or the vestiges of .1 former building; a farm-house and offices; a farm itself. [Scotch.] STE.VL, ) 71. The handle of any imple- STEEL, ( ment;ahartorlielve. [Pro- viiicial] [See Stale, Stelf, ] STEAL. V. t. [add.] To do or effect some- thing so as to escape observation; as, to steal a sigh ; to steal a look. STEAL'ER, 71. In shipbuilding. [See Steei.f.r.] STEAM-t^AR. 71. [add.] [American.] STEAM'-CilEST, n. In marine steam- engines, the vessel into which the steam from the boilers is collected. STEAM-HAMMER, 1 71. A form of tilt STEAM-TILT, ( or fori:e ham- mer, consisting of a steam cylinder and piston, placed vertically over the anvil. There are two varieties; in one, the cylinder is fixed, and the hammi>r is attached to the piston-rod, and is operated by the direct action of the steam in the cylinder: in the other, the piston is fixed, and the h.immer is at- tached to the lower end of the cylinder, which similarly rises and falls by the action of the steam in the cylinder. The former is kno^vn as Nasrayth's, and the latter as Condie's hammer, bein;; subjects of patents respectively by Mr. James Nasmyth of Manchester, and Mr. John Condie of Glasgow. Condie's SM«n). Hammer. In the entablature of the above fig. is a steam and exhaust valve, and attacheJ to it a hollow piston-rod, acting as steam and exhaust pipe, to which the piston is attached as a fixture. The steam being introduced into the cylinder or hammer, immediately above the piston, presses the cylinder-cover, and raises the ham- mer between the guides to tlie required height. The steam being then cut off, and the exhaust-valve opened, the ham- mer fails, not only with the velocity of gravity, but with the additional velocity produced by the compression of the nir under the piston during the latter por- tion of the hammer's ascent, which, acting as a recoil, adds considerably to the effect of the blow. The valves and valve-gearing are so arranged that the person in charge of the macliine can ar- rest the motion of the hammer widle falling, or cause it to fall at any moment while ascending. STEAM' Y, a. Consisting of, or abound- ing in steam. STEAR I€ ACID, instead of STEA'- RIG ACID. STEAROP TENE, instead of STEA- ROPTE'XE. STE AKO-RICINIC ACID, n. An STENELYTRANS STEREOSCOPE STEVEN acid procureil b>' distillation from cas- tor-oil. STED.t n. [See Stead.] Place or sta- tion. [Spejtser,'\ STEEL'ING-STRAKE, n. Same as Steeleb,— wAicA sie. STEEN, \v. t. To line with stone or STEAN, j briclt, as a well, cess-pool, &c. STEEN'BOK, In. A species of ante- STEWBOK, ( lope, the ^n«/ope (ra- gulus, which derives its name from in- habiting the stonti plains and rocky hills of South Africa. Its flesh is esteemed excellent venison. STEENHAM MERA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Boraginaceoi. S. maritima is a British species. It dif- fers but little from Lithospermuni, ex- cept in Itabit. STEEP, n. [add.] Something that is steeped, or used in steeping. STEEP'-DOWN, a. Having steep de- scent. [Shah.] STEEP'INESS, n. The state or quality of being steep ; steepness. [i?are.] STEEP LE-CHASE, n. [add.] A race between a number of horsemen, to see which can tirst reach some distant object (as a church-steeple), in a straight course, or one marked out witliin nar- row limits. STEEP'-TO, a. In uaut. Ian., referring to a coa.st, sandbank, &c., means tliat the water becomes sudtlenly tleep close in shore, or close to the beach. STEER'A6E,«. [add.] Steerage passen- gers, in a vessel carrying passengers, the name given to those wlio do i ot occupy the main-cabin and quarter- deck. STEERED, pp. Stirred; meddled with. [Scotch.] STEER'LING, n. A young steer or bul- lock. STEER'Y, ) 71. A bustle ; disturbance ; STEER'IE, J tumult; stir; quandary. [Scoteh.1 STEEVE, V. i. To make an angle with the horizon, as a Ijowsprit. STEEVE'LY, adv. Firmly; stoutly. [5eo/cA.] STEIN'BOK, n. See Steenbok in tliis Siipp. STELL, n. A covert; a shelter; an in- closure for cattle. [Scotch.] STEL'LA, ) n. In STEL'LATED-BANDA6E, ) surgeri/, a bandage so named, because it makes a cross or star on the liack. It is a roller, applied in the form of the figui-e 8, so as to keep back the shoulders, and often employed in cases of fracture of the clavicle. STEL'LION.t n. [L. stellio.] A newt spotted with stars ; called also the star- lizard. STEL'LULATE, a. Resembling little stars. STEM, n. [add.] Main stem of a vessel, the principal curved timber at the fore- most extremity of tlie vessel, to which the two sides are united, and on tiie upper end of whicli the bowsprit rests. It is so named to distinguish it from the cut-tvatcr or false stem. STEME,t v. t. [*e Steam.] To e.xhale; to evaporate. [.SyjeH^e;-.] STExMJIE,t I', t. [See Stem.] To stop; to check; to stay. — To steinme in com- pass, to encompass. [Spenser.] STEN'CIL, n. [add.] A piece of thin metal with letters cut out, used in marking packages. STENELYTRANS, ) n. [Gr. a,i.„!. nar- STENELY'TRA, J row, and i^i/r;.,, II. — Supi'. a wing-case.] A family of coleopte- rous insects, comprising those in which the elytra become narrow at the pos- terior part of the body. The genera Helops, Cistela, Derciea, and OSdemera are examples ; they ai'e all heterome- rous. STENT,t V. t. [See Stint.] To restrain. [Spenser.] STENT,t i>. i. [See Stint. \ To cease ; to desist. [Chaucer.] STENT'EN,+ pp. of Stent. Ceased; de- sisted. [Chaucer.] STENTORON'ie,t ". Very loud ; sten- torian. STEPE,t a. [Qu., from steep.] Deep; sunk ; as, stepe even. [Chaurer.] STEPPE, n. [add.] A Russian name applied particularly to the extensive plains which lie on the north-west of Asia, especially in the country known as Independent Tartary. The term steppes is synonymous with the prairies of North America, and the llanos of South America. STER€ORATE,tH. Dung; excrement. STER'fUS-DIAB'OLI, n. [L.] Devil's- dung, a term applied by tlie Germans to asafetida, on account of its dis- agreeable taste and odour. STERE.t V. t. or i. To stir. [Chaucer.] STERE,+ «. A steer; a young bullock. I Chancer.] STERE LESS,t a. Without a rudder. [Chaucer.] STERELMIN'THA, n. [Gr, ^riji.,-, solid, and i/fcns, an intestinal worm.] Intestinal worms, which have no true abdominal cavity, as the tape-worm. STEREOM'ETER, instead of STE- REO METER. STER'EOSeOPE, n. [Gr. ^«;i».-, solid, and axaw, to view.] An optical instru- ment, invented by Prof. Wheatstone, which illustrates the phenomena of binocular vision. An object viewed by both eyes does not appear to each under the same angle; hence, whatever we look upon is apprehended by the sense of vision, through the medium of two distinct images, which unite in the sensory of the brain, and give us tlie idea of substance and solidity. The stereoscope is an optical construction, which enables us to look upon two pic- tm'es taken under a small difference of angular view, eacli eye looking upon one picture only ; and thus, as in ordi- nary vision, two images are conveyed to the brain, whicli unite into one, ex- hibiting the objects represented under a high degree of relief. The instru- ment is shown in the figure: a a are tubes containing tlie two halves of a lens ; 6 i is a glass slide, on which the two views are depicted by tlie photo- graphic process; c is a flap, covered 376 with a light-coloured paper, to receive the light and reflect it upon the slide. When the tubes, a a, are adjusted to suit the eye, the observer takes tlie one picture into the right eye, and the other into the left eye, but the perceptive faculty apprehends only one image, and that in bold substantial relief and in- tensity, d is a stand, which can be elevated or dei;resscd to suit the height of the observer. Tlie union of the two stereoscopic pictures can be eft'ected without the stereoscope ; nothing more is needed than to place a strip of paste- board at right angles to tlie slide, so that the eyes can see only the picture opposite to each. Stereoscopic ettect does not present the phenomenon of ordinary binocular vision, which gives little more than increased intensity to the image, but shows objects under an extraordinary and extravagant relief. STEREOSeOP'ie, a. Pertaining to the stereoscope. STEREOTYPED, pp. or a. Done on fixed metallic types, or plates of fixed types. — 2. a. Formed in a fixed un- changeable manner ; as, stereotyped opinions. STEREOTYPY e, fl. Relating to stereo- type. STERES'MAN,t ". A steersman; a pilot. [Chaucer.] STERNBERG'IA, instead of STERN'- BERGIA. STERN '-CH.\SER, n. Same as Stern- Chase. STERNE,t n. [&e Stern.] Tiie stern; the rudder. [Chaucer.] STERNE.t a. See Stern. [Chaucer.] STERNE,t ». [See Stern.] The tail. [Spenser.] STERN'-KNEE, \u. The continuation STERNSON, ) of a vessel's keel- son, to which the stern-post is secured by bolts. STER'NO. [FromL sto-Mira, the breast- bone.] In anat., terms compounded of this word refer to muscles arising from the sternum, or breast -bone; as, sferno- hyoideus, a muscle arising from the sternum, and inserted into tlie os- hyoideus. It depresses the larynx.— Sterno-thyroideus, a muscle arising from tlie sternum, and inserted into the thy- roid cartilage. It draws the larynx downwards.— S/fJ'no-c/ai'iCH/ac, a liga- ment extending from the sternum to the clavicle. STER'NON, instead of STERNON. STERNOP'TYX, n. A genus of small fishes belonging to the family Salmoni- da;. They have short broad bodies, but very much compressed. They in- habit the warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean. STER'NUM, instead of STERN'UM. STER'NUTORY, instead of STERN'- UTORY. STERRE.t n. [D.] A star. [Chaucer.] STERT,t «■ A start; a leap.— il( a stert, immediately. [Chaucer.] STERTE,t Viet, of Stert. Leaped ; es- caped; ran away. [Chaucer.] STERTlNG,t PPr. Leaping nimbly. [Chaucer.] STERT LING,t ppr. Same as Stert- ING. [Chaucer.] STERVE,t "■ i- To starve ; to die ; to perish. | Chaucer.] STERVE,t «.<■ ['See Starve.] To cause to perish. [Spenser.] STERV'ED, W). Starved. [Shah.] STETHOSeOP'ICAL, a. 'Same as Stethoscopic. STEVEN,t"- [•itlJ-] Voice; sound; 8t STICKED STIPELS STOMACH PIECE noise ; instituteJ, announced, or ap pointed time ; hence, appointment. — At unset :>teven, witliout any previous appointment. — They setteit Steven, tliey appointed a time. {^Chaucer.] STEW, n. [add.] Confusion, as when tlie air is full of dust. — \ cupboard; a closet. [Chaucer.] — To be in a steic, to be in a iieat or in confusion. [Local.] — In 5co^c/(,aYew signifies vapour,sraoke, dust, spray. STEWARD, n. [add.] In Scots law, an officer appointed by the king ovci- special lands belonging to himself, hav- ing the same proper jurisdiction as that of a regality. Also, tlie deputy of a lord of regality. — steward of Scotland, in anc. times, a. chief officer of the crown, of the highest dignity and trust. lie had not only the administration of the crown revenues, but the chief oversight of all the affairs of the household, and the privilege of the first place in the army, next to the king, in the day of battle. — Land-steward. [See under Land.] STEW'ARDRY, n. Office of steward; superintendence. STEWARTRY, n. [add.] In Scotland, a jurisdictio^) over a certain extent of territory, nearly the same with that of a regality. Also, the territory over which this jurisdiction extends. Most stewartries consisted of small parcels of land which were only parts of a county; but the stewartry of Kirkcudbright, and that of Orkney and Zetland, make coun- ties by themselves. STEWE.t". Same as Stew. [Chaucer.] STEWING, )i. [add.) A process in cookery, by which meat or vegetables are prepared for food by immersion in water of a high temperature for a con- siderable length of time, by which means the ingredients used are tho- roughly softened, and the flavour to a great degree retained. Stewing differs from boiling by tiie temperature of the water being kept under 'Jl'J", and by being continued for a longer time. STEW-POT, n. A pot used for stew- ing. STEYE,+ r. i. [See Str.] To ascend; to soar. [Chaucer.] STEY'ERS.f n. plur. [See Stair.] Stairs. [Chaucer.] STIB'BLE, H. Stubble. [Scotch.] STIB'BLER, n. A ludicrous designation for a clerical probationer. [Scotch.] STIB'BORNE.t a. Stubborn. [Chau- cer.] STIBIA'RIAN,+ n. [h. stibium.] A vio- lent man. STIB'ie, \a. Containing, or de- STIB'IOUS, J rived from antimony.— Stibic acid, antimonic acid. — Stibious acid, antimonious acid. [A^ot itsed.] STie'ADOS.t ". A plant or herb. STICK, n. [add.] In \ew England, as much land as lies between double fur- rows ; also called a land. STICHID'IU-M, 71. Among the algie, a peculiar kind of lance-shaped, pod-like receptacle, containing tetraspores. STICK, f. I. [add.] To stick upon one's hands, to remain or continue in one's possession, as something that cannot be got rid of; to continue undisposed of; as, a large quantity of goods stuck upon his hands. STICK, v. t. [add.] To stick out, to cause to project, or to be prominent. STICK'ED, )pp.0Ta. Stuck; stabbed; STICK'IT, j bungled and spoiled in the makihg. — Stickit minister, a clerical student or probationer become disqua- lified for the ministerial office from im- becility or immoral conduct. STICK'ER, n. One who sticks or stabs. [Rar. us.] — In the United States, a technical name for an article of mer- chandise which sticks by the dealer, and does not meet with a ready sale. STICIi'ERS, H. In mech., the ai-ms of a crank-axis employed to change the plane and direction of a reciprocating motion. For distinction, -tiie arms are thus named when they act by compres- sion, and trackers when they act by tension. The a.us is termed a roller. STICK'LER, n. [add.] An arbitratoi-. \Shak.] STICKLING, p;>r. [add.] Hesitating; delaying. [Local.] STIC T A PULMONARIA, n. Lung- wort, the Pulmonaria officinalis (Linn.) [See LuNG-WoKT.] STID'DY, n. [Ice. stedia.] An anvil; a smith's shop; a stithy; a smithery. [Local.] STIE.-t" D. i. [See Sxv.] To soar; to ascend. [5;)e«.fer.] STIEVE, a. See Steeve. STIEVELY, adv. See Steevelt in this Supp. STIFf '-NECKEDNESS, n. Stubborn- ness. STIFLE, V. i. To suffocate ; to perish by suft'ocation or strangulation. [.SAnA.J STI'FLE'MENT.t n. Act of stifling. STIG'MAT.\, n. [add.] In the Roman Catholic church, marks said to have been supernaturally impressed upon the bodies of certain persons, in imita- tion of the wounds on the crucified body of Christ ; as, tlie stigmata of St. Francis. STIGMAT'ICK,t a. Stigmatic. STIliE.t V. t. To stick; to pierce. [Chaucer.] STILD.t pp. for Stilled. [See Still, Distil.] Dropped. [Spenser.] STILE, n. [add.] Properly, steps for enabling people to pass over a fence from one field to another. — Bi/ stile and ehe by strete, everyw here ; in town and country. [Chaucer] STILET'TOED, w'. or a. Stabbed or pricked with a stiletto. lC/iei(er./ieW.J STILL, r. ^ [add.] To let fall in drops; as, to still tears. [Dryden.] STILLE,t a. See Still. [Chaucer.] STILLICID'IUM, n. [L. See Stilli- CIDE.] Strangury, — tchich see. STILL'-PEEillNG, a. Appearingstill. [Shak] STILT, n. The stilt-bird,— wAicA see. STIME, H. The faintest form of any object; the slightest degree perceptible or imaginable; a glimpse. [Seo/cA.] STING, n. [add.] A piquant or poig- nant sensation ; as, the sting of love. STING-AND-LING,a(/r.[S(i«',apole, and linr, a rope.] By force; vi ct armis. [Scotch.] STING-BULL, «. The sting ray,— which see. STING'-WINKLE, ii. The fishermen's name for a common species of shell, Murer erinaceus. It is so named by them from its making round holes in the other shell-fish with its beak. STINK, V. t. To annoy with an offen- sive smell. STINT, v. i. To cease; to stop; to de- sist. [Rare.] STINT, n. [add.] A stop. [I'hak.] STINT ANC£,t "• Restraint; stop- page; stint. STINTED.pp. [add.] Stopped ; ceased. [Shak.] STIPELS, instead of STIPELS. 37(j STIPEND.-V'KIAN, a. Mercenary ; hired. STIP'ULARY, a. In bol., relating to stipules ; stipular. STIP UL.ATED D.VMA6E,n. Inlaw, liquidated damage. [See Liquidated Dasiage in this Supp.] STIPULATION, n. [add.] In law. a recognizance of certain fidejussors in the nature of bail, taken in the ad- miralty-courts. STIR, n. Sir. [Scottish vulgarism ] STIRE,t V. t. To stir; to move; to in- cite. [S/'e;i5er.] STIRPS, n. plur. Stirpes [L.] Root; stem ; stock. — In law, the person from whom a family is descended ; family ; kindred. [See Pek Stirpes.] STITCHED, pp. or a. [add.] Sewed with a back puncture of the needle ; sewed together. STITHE.t «. (stith.) [See Stitht.] An anvil. [Chaucer.] STITH'E, for Stitht. [Shah ] STITH'Y^ n. [add.] A smith's shop; a smithy. STIVE.t V. t. [add.] To stew, as meat. [Lye.\ STK'VED.t pp. (steev'd.) Stuffed; stewed. STI'VER, H. [add.] The stiver is a money of account in Holland and Flan- ders. — Not worth a stiver, very poor. [Colloq.] STiVES.t 1. plur. (steevs.) Stews; brotliels. [Chaucer.] STOB'LE-GOOS,+ n. A stubble- goose, — which see, [CAa«eer.] STOCK, n. [add.] In America, living beasts shipped to a foreign country; a.«, a brig sailed yesterday with stock on deck. Cattle are also called live-stock. — In the West Indies, formerly, the slaves of a plantation. — In book keep- ing, tlie owner or owners of the books. STOCK, t n. [It. stocco.] A long rapier. STOCKADE', n. [add.] In fort., a wall constructed by planting, upright in the ground, squared trunks of trees or rough piles of timber, so as to inclose an are.i which is to be defended. Stockades are still frequently constructed, as tempo- rary fortifications, in countries which abound with wood. STOCK'ED,;);). Stored; supplied; filled; laid up in store; confined in the stocks. STOCK'UOLDEK, n. [add.] Instead of stockholder, we no w generally use share- holder, especially in reference to ttie funds of a bank or other company. STOCK ING-WEAVEB, n. One who weaves stockings. STOIC'ITY, instead of STOICITY.f STOIT'ING,;ii)r. Staggering. [Sco(eA.] STOKE' - HOLE, n. A scuttle in a steamer's deck for the admission of fuel to the engine. Also, a space in which the men stand to feed and trim the fires. STO'KEK, H. [add.] One who feeds and trims the fires for the boilers of steam- engines ; one who attends to tlie fu"e in a brew-liouse, or that of any otiier fur- nace. STOLE.t «■ [Sax.] A stool. [Chaucer.] STOLE, n. [add.] A long robe or gar- ment worn by ladies, and reaching to the ankles or heels. [Sf)e;wer.] STOMA, STOM AT.\, instead of STO'.MA, STOiM.ATA. [add.] Stomj. is the singular, and stomatu the plural. STOMACACE. instead of STO'JI.-V- CACE. [add.] Pron. stom.ak-a-se. STO.M'ACH, instead of STOMACH. STO.M'ACH-PIECE, n. In ships, the same as Aprov,— icAi'cA jee. STOPPING STRADOMETGICAL STRAt'CIIT STOMA€HUS, ?!. [L.] The stomach. STOMAP'ODA, instead of STOMA'- PODA. STO'MATE, a. In hot., having stomata, or oval space?, opening into intercellu- lar cavities in the subjacent tissue, and bordered by a rim composed of two or sometimes four oblong glands [See Stoma.] STOMA'TIA, n. [Gr. »-t»u« a mouth.] A genus of moUuscans belonging to the haiiotidte, or ear-shells. They are found in the East Indian seas .and in those of Australia. The shell is like haliotis, but wants the perforations. STOMAT'ie, 7!. A medicine fur dis- eases of the mouth. STOMA'TO. GASTRIC SYSTEM, n. In phys., the name given to small gang- lia and nerves, connected with the operations of mastication and digestion in tlie invertebrate animals. STO'MIAS,n. A genus of fishes belong- ing to the pike family. Two species are met with in the ^lediterranean. STOND'EN.t i>p. of Slonde (Stand). Stood. [Chaucer.'] STONE'-BLUE, «. A compound of in- digo and starch, or whiting. STONE-BRAMBLE, n. A plant, the Rubus chamcenionts ; called also cloud- berrff and roehuck-bern/. STONE'-BDCK, n. The steinhok, an animal of the antelope kind. STONE'-BUTTER, n. A sort of alum. ST0NE'-€OLD, a. Cold as a stone. SToNE'-CORAL,n. A hard species of STONE'-eRUSH,ii. Asoreonthefoot. [Local.] STONE'-HAMMER, n. A hammer for breaking stones. STONE'.ROOT, n. In North America, the popular name of a medicinal plant, the CoUinsonia canadrnsis. It pos- sesses diuretic and stomachic proper- ties. STONES'FIELD SLATE, n. In geol, a slaty calcareous limestone, forming a constituent portion of the lower oolite formation, and abounding in organic remains. STONES'MICKLE.t n. A bird. STONT,t for Stondeth. Standeth. [Ckavcer.] STOOL, V i- In agric. , to ramify; to tiller, as grain ; to shoot out suckers. STOOP, I.. ( [add.] To lower; to bend down ; as, to stoop the head. [Shah.] — To debase ; to subject, with degrada- tion or infamy. [Shnk.] STOOP, n. [.idd.] In New England, the steps at the entrance of a house ; door- steps. Also, a porch with seats; a piazza or balustrade. STOOP- AND-ROOP, )arfu. Com- STOUP-AND-ROUP, ( pletely; alto- gether, that is, stump - and ■■ rump. [Scotch.] STOOR, \v.i. To rise in foam or spray; STOUR, ( to rise clouds, as dust or smoke ; to move swiftly. [Scotch.] STOOR, n. See Stoue. STOP, II. i. [add] To remain ; to stay ; as, when you come to town, stop with me instead of going to a hotel. | Colloq.] STOP'EN.tP/). of iVe/)e(6';fp). Stepped; advanced. [Chaucer.] STOP PERING, n. Among seamen, the operation of checking and holding fast by means of stoppers. STOP'PING, n. The act of halting or stopping; the act of closing, shutting, or ob.^tructing. — Among seamen, the operation of fastening a rope in a tem- porary manner. STOPPLE, V. t. To stop or close with a stopple. STO'RAX-TREE, n. A plant, the Stu- rax officinalis. [See Storax, and Sty- rax ] STORE.t a. [Sax. slor; Scot. stour, sture, stoor.] Strong; robust; tall: large; powerful. [Chaucer.] STORE, n- [iidd.] Anything laid up for use.— To tell no store of a thing, to con- sider it as *of no use or importance. [Chaucer.] — To set store by, to value; to esteem ; to regard. [Provincial.] STORE'-KEEPER, n [add.] In North America, one who lias the care of a store or warehouse ; a shopkeeper. [See Store, No. 6.] STORE'- PAY, n. In the United States, payment made for produce or other articles purchased, by goods from a store, instead of cash; a common way of buying produce in rural districts. STORM, n. [add.] The violent action of one or more of the meteorological ele- ments, wind, r.\in, snow, liail, or thun- der and lightning. STORM'-PETREL, \ Misplaced: see STORMY-PETREL, f after Storm, V i. STORM'-SAIL, n. A sail made of very stout canvas, of smaller size than a sail in ordinary use, employed in gales of wind. STORV'EN,+ pret. plur. of Sterve (Starve). [Chaucer.} STOUND,t pp. Stunned. STOUND,} n. [add.] A moment; an instant ; a short space of time. — In a sfound, on a sudden. [Chaucer.] STOUNDEMELE.t adv. [See Meal.] Momentarily; every moment. [C'Aai/cer. J STOUNDES.t n. plur. Times; seasons. [Chaucer.] STOUNDS.t n. plur. [See Stound.] Fits ; shooting pains ; times or occa- sions. [Spenser.] STOOP'EN.t for STOP'EN.f pp. of Step. Advanced ; as, stoupen in age. [Chaucer.] STOUP'ING,t ppr. Stooping; bending down; as a hawk on the wing to strike the prey. [See Stoop, No. 6.] [Spenser.] STOUR, \a. Tall; large; strong; stern. STOOR, ( —S(o«r-?ooAiH!7, gruff-look- ing. [Scotch.] STOUR.t n. [Sax. stur.] A river ; used in composition, as Stourbridge. STOURBRIDGE €LAY, n. In geol, a variety of clay from Stourbridge, in Worcestershire, resembling potter's- clay, bnt of a dark colour. It is em- ployed in the manufacture of crucibles. STOURE.t I »■ [See Stour.] A fit; a STOWRE,t ) fight; a battle; danger; misfortune. [Spenser.] STOUT, a. [add.] Healthy. [Shah] STOUTH-AND-ROUTH, n. Plenty; abundance. [5co/cft.] STOVE, V. i. [add.] To heat as in a stove ; as, to stove feathers. STOVER, n. [add.] Provision in gene- ral for animals. STO'VING, ppr. [add.] Heating as in a stove. STOW, V. i. [add.] To stow the hold of a vessel, to stow or .irrange articles in the hold. STOW, \v. t. To cut off; to crop; to STOO, f lop. [Scotch.] STOW'INGS, In. Sprouts of colewort STOO'INGS, J nipt off in spring. [Scotch.] STRABIS'MUS, n. See Strabism. STRACK'EN.t pp. of Strihe. Stricken. [Chaucer.] STRADOMET'RICAL, a. [It. strada, 377 a street, road, or way, and Gr. /.t'-r^oi., measure.] Pertaining to the measuring of streets or roads. STRAE, II. Straw.— Strae-death, a na- tural death on one's bed (straw), as op- posed to a violent or accidental death. [Scotch.] STRAG'GLINGLY, adv. In a strag- gling manner. STRAIGHT, n Straight part; straight direction. STRAlGHT.t I'. '. To make straight; to straighten. STRAIGHT'FOR'WARD, a. [add.] Upright; undeviating; as, a straight- forward character. STRAIK, 11. A stroke; a blow. [Scotch.] STR.IIKE, II. A strike or strickle; a bushel. STRAINE.t 11. [See Straine, No. 7.] Race; lineage. [5pe«A'er.] STR AIN'ER, 11. [add.] [See Rose in this Supp.] STRAIT'EN, r t. [add.] To reduce into pecuniary difficulties; to confine within narrower bounds of expenditure. [Addison] STRAli.E,t v. i. [Scotch, sfraih.] To proceed directly ; to go. [Chaucer.] STRAM'ASH, ii. A crash; a tumult. [Scotch.] STRAMO'NIUM, n. See Str.amont. STRANDING, ?i. [add.] In marine in- surance, stranding generally means t)ie act of a vessel being driven ashore or taking the ground out of the usual course of the navigation, in consequence of some unforeseen accident, and re- maining fixed for sometime. jMuch diversity of opinion, however, has been entertained in respect to what consti- tutes stranding. STRANG, a. Strong. [Scotland and North of Entiland.] STRaNOE'NESS, n. [add.] Coyness; bashfulness. [Shah.] STRAN6E' SAIL, n. In naut. Ian., a strange ship or an enemy's ship within view. STRAN'GULATED, a. [add.] In but., contracted and expanded in an irregular manner, STRAP, w. [add.] A piece of leather prepared for sharpening a razor, usually written strop. STRAP, V. t. [add.] To sharpen with a strap ; to strop. STRAP'PED, i>p. [add.] Sharpened by means of a strap ; stropped. STRAPPER, n. One who straps ; any- thing bulky; a large tall person. [Local.] STRAP'PING, ppr. [add.] Sharpening with a strap ; stropping. STRAP'PLE,t "■'■ To bind with twigs; to strap. STRAT'A^EM, ii. [add.] A disastrous event. [Shah.] STRATEGET'IC, STRATE6ETI- €AL. See Strategic, Strategical. STR ATEGET'ICS, instead of STRA- TEGE'TICS. STRAT IFORM, instead of STRA- TIFORM. STRATIOM'IDiE, n. A family of dip- terous insects. They are mostly small, but gaily coloured insects, most nume- rous in moist situations, wliile others live in decomposing matter or in decay- ed wood. There are aliout fifty British species, comprised in nine genera. The larvas of Stralioniys chamaileon are com- pletely aquatic. STRAUCHT, I V. t. To make straight; STRAUGHT,J to stretch. [Scotch.] STRESS STRIP STRYCUSINA STRAUCHT'ED, STRAUGHTED, yp. Made straight; stretclied, [Scotch.] STRA.VGnT,i vrel-ofStrecche{Strai(t). Stretched. [Cfhaucer.] STRAW, n. [add.] Man of strait', the mere resemblance of a man ; an ineffi- cient person ; an imaginary person ; as, to fight with a man of straw. STRAY, 71. [add.] Persons straying: as, to pursue the scattered itraii. {Shah.\ STKAYT,t 1. for Street. [Spenser.] STRE.t n. [Sax.] Straw. [Chaucer.] STREAK, I'. !. To run swiftly. [Local or vulgar.] STREEK ^ "' ' '^'^ stretch ; to lay out STRFTR M '1 corpse. [AVo/cA.] STREAM, n [add.] A multitude moT- in^ nniforndy forward without interval ; as, a stream of people. STREAM, I'. /. [add.J To pour; to send forth ; to emit in streams ; as, to stream forth blood. [Shak.] STREAM'-AfJt'HOR, n. In ships, on ftTichor of a size intermediate between the small bower-anchor and the kedge. It is used for warping, and like purposes. STREAM-BUOY. See Bror. STR£AM'-€ABLE. See Cable. STREAME.t >: i. [See Stre.4.m, f. i".] To emit ; to send or pour forth. [5pe7i- ser.\ STREAMFCL, a. Full of streams or of water. STREAM-MEASURER, n. An instru- ment for measuring the velocity of a stream of water at diiTerent depths. It is variously constructed. STRECCUE.t V- '■ or i. To stretch. [Chaucer.] STREEK, f. t. To stretch; to lay out a dead bodv. [See Streak in this Supp.] STREET, n. [add.] In AVw England, anv public highway. ST"REIGHT,t n. Narrow. [See Str.ut.] STRElGHT,t adv. [add.] Streight be- di'iht. strictlv commanded. [Spenser.] STREIGHTE.t pp. of Strecche. Stretched. [Chaucer.] STREINE.t 1'. '■ To constrain; to press closely. [Chaucer.] STREITE,to Strait. [Cliaucer.] STREME,t V. i. To stream; to flow. [Chaucer.] STREJrEDEN,+ pret. plur. of Streme. Streamed ; flowed. [Chaucer.] STREMES,t 1 plur. Streams ; the rays of the sun. [Chaucer.] STREMMA,n.[Gr.irT.i,u,u«.lInpai7io., a strain or sprain of the parts about a joint. STRENE,tn. [add.] [5eeSTR.UN,No.7.] [ Chaucer.] — Descent ; race. [Alpe/wer.] STRENG'EST.t a. superl. Strongest. — Strengest faithed, endowed with the strongest faith. [Cliaurer.] STRENGTH'FIJLNESS, n. Fulness of strength. STRENGTH'NER, n. Same as Strexgtheneb. STRENGTH'Y.t « Having strength; strong. STKEPE.t V. t. To strip. [Chaucer.] STREPSIP'TERA, n. [add.] The fe- males of these are apterous, and never leave the abdomen of the wasp or bee, to which tliey are attached. From their structure naturalists now regard this curious group, formerly reckoned an order, as a section of parasitic co- leoptera. STRESS, n. Hard pressure; hard strain- ing; an ancient mode of taking up in- dictments for circuit-courts; the act of distraining. [Sco. 1. [add.] To separate or go aji.-irt into subdivisions. SUBDIVINE', a. Divine in a lower de- gree, SUBDOM'INANT, 71. [add.] The ot&- dominant is properly that note which is a fifth below the key-note ; but in the i-egular ascending scale of seven notes, it is the fourth. The term, however, has its origin from its relation to the tonic as the fifth below. I PUBER'ie, or SU'BERie, a. SUBFUM1GA'TI0N,+ 71. [L. subfumi- itaiio.] A species of charm by smoke. SUB'GET,+ a [Fr. svjct.] Subject. [ Chaucer. I SUBHORNBLENDie, a. In gcol., a term applied to rocks containing dis- seminated hornbleiKie. SUB'JECT, 71. [add.] The exact distinc- tion between the terms subject and object was first made by the school- men, and in their substantive and adjec- tive forms, they passed from the scliools into the scientific language of Tilesius, Gassendi, Descartes, Spinoza, Leilmitz, "Wolff, and others. They, however, gradually lost their primary meaning. Besides its itrimary signification, object became, metaphorically, motice, end, final cause, &c. ; and snitject also be- came synonymous with object. SUBJECT'lVE, a. [add.] Suhjectice truth or realit//, is that which is verified by consciousness ; objective truth or reality, is that wliich results from the i.ature and relation of things. SUBJECTIVELY, «*.. [add.] As ex- isting in a subject or mind. SUBJECTIVITY, instead of SUB- JECTI'VITY. SUBLANATE, instead of SUBLA'- NATE. SUBLATIVE, instead of SUBLA- TIVE. SUBLEVA'TION, 7i. [add.) A rising or insurrection. [7'e/H^/e.] SUB'LIM ATORIE,t». A vessel used by the older chemists in the process of sublimation. [Chaucer.] SUBLIAIE', a. [add.] Haughty. [Spen- ser.] 370 SUBLIM'ITY, 71. [add.] An elevated feeling, consisting of a union of asto- nishment and awe, at the contempla- tion of great scenes and objects, or of exalted excellence. SUBMAR'iNE', a. [add.] Submarine telegraph, an electric telegraph, formed for the purpose of establishing a com- munication between countries and places separated by the sea. This is effected by laying strong wires, or ropes of wire along the bottom of the sea, from the one shore to the other — the wires being protected by a strong cas- ing of some substance not acted upon by the sea-water. Of this nature is the telegraph between Dover and Calais. fSeeTuLEGRAiMi.]— Swftiiiai-iiie thermometer, a thermometer invented by M. Clement, for indicating changes in the temperature of the sea at a cer- tain depth, and thence the near ap- proach of a vessel to land, shoals, ice- bergs, &c. It is formed of platina and silver, and being placed at a depth of about ten feet below the surface of the water, it indicates with great delicacy, by means of a dial-plate and inde.\ on deck, any change in the temperature of the sea. SUBMARINE', ii, A submarine plant. SUB-MAR'SHAL, ii. A deputy to the chief marshal ; the under-marshal in the Marshalsea. SUBMEDIAL, a. [add.] In geol, a term synonymous with transition, and applied to the lower secondary rocks, which bear a close resemblance to some of the primary rocks, though differing in being often fragmentary, and con- taining organic remains. SUB'-OFFICER, ii. An under-oflicer. SUBOR'DINATENESS, 7i. Stale of being subordinate or inferior. SUB'-PORPHYRIT'ie, a. Allied to porphyry, but containing smaller and less distinctly marked points or crystals. SUB'-RES'IN, 71. A name given to that portion of a i-esin which is soluble only in boiling alcohol, and is precipitated again as the alcohol cools, forming a kind of seeming crystallization. SUBSCAPULARY, a. Same as Suii- SOAPULAR. SUBSIDIARILY', ndv. In a subsidiary manner. SUBSID'IARY, a. [add.] Subsidiary treaties, treaties by which payments called subsidies were stipulated. [Lyt- t'eton.] SUB SOIL-PLOUGHING, )i. In agri, the operation of ploughing deep, or of turning up the subsoil or substratum t>y means of a subsoil-plough, [See Subsoil.] SUBSTANTIA, 71. [L.] Ultim.ate sub- stance upon which tlie properties of in3.ttGr vtst SUBSTAN'TIALIZED, ;>;>. Ma:ie real or solid. SUBSTAN'TIALIZINJ, m^r. Making real in substance. SUBSTANTIVAL, a. Relating to, or like a substantive. SUB'STANTIVE, a. [add.] Snhstantice agents, a name given by ]>r. Paris to those medicinal agents which possess an inlierent and independent activity. SUBSTER'NAL//.[L..v»/K'indiVmiHm | In GHo/., situated beneath the sternum; as, the substei'nal lymphatics. SUBSTITU'TIONALLY, adv. By way of substitution. SUBSTITU'TIONAUY, a. Eclating to, or making substitution ; substitu- tional. SUDDEIN SULPHASATYDE SrMMONEAS SUB'SULTOKlLy,t «• By fits or starts. SUB TARTA'REAN, a. Being under SUB'TERRANE, instead of SUBTER- RaNE. SUBTERR A'NEAL.t a. Same as Sub- terranean. SUBTERRAN ITT, instead of SUB- TERRA'NITY. SUB TERRENE, instead of SUBTER- RENE. SUB TLY, adv. [add.] Pron. sat'le. SUBTRACTION, n. In Imc. [See SUBSTBACTION.I SUB TRAHEXD, instead of SUBTRA- HEND'. SUBTRCDE', V. t. [L. suh, and Irudu.] To insert or place under. SUBTULA'RES.f '". Close wami shoes that sometimes ascended half-way up the leg, in use by the Normans. They ■were also called ftotulares. SUBVENE', r. i. [See Subventio.n-.] To come under, as a support or stay ; to happen. SUBVERSIONARY, a. Destructive; subversive. SUe'CADES, n. pi. [L. succus, juice.] A commercial name sometimes given to green fruits and citron, candied and preserved in syrup. SUCCEED', r. i. [adj.] To approach. [Sppnser.l SUfCESSIONAL, a. [add.] Existing in succession ; consecutive. SUeCESS'LESSLY, adi: Without suc- cess. SUe'€ULOUS, a. Succulent. SUCH, a. [add.] To so great a degree; so greatly ; as, such terrible enemies ; stick different ideas. — Noting absolute negation; as, there is no !U h thinj as property under an arbitrai'y govern- ment, i^rfrfiso;!.]— Denoting excess in any quality or mode; as, if I were to give my opinion upon such an exhausted subject. SUCK'ATASH, n. See Succotash. SUCK'ER, n. [add.] In the t/niled States, a cant name for an inhabitant of Illinois. SUCK'ER, V. t. To strip offshoots; to deprive of suckers ; as, to sucher maize. [United States.] SUCK IN, t>. t. To cheat ; to deceive ; to take in. — To be suclied in, to be cheated in a bargain. [American lul- aarism.] SUCK'IN, n. See SuciirN. SUCK'ING.t "■ [Fr. souguenie.] A loose frock worn by carters, &c., over their other clothes. [Chaucer.] SUt'TO KI.A, n. Same as Suctorians. SUCTO'RI ANS, II I add.] A namegiven also to a family of annelides which con- tains the leech and its allies, which are all animals of aquatic habits. The name is derived from the suckers which terminate the two extremities of the body, and which constitute the chief means of locomotion. The name^wcto- ria is also given to that group of insects which contains the fleas, from their suctorial mouth. SU'DAK, ». A fish ; a species of Perca. SUDANI IN A, » plur., sing. Sudamen. [From L. sudor, sweat.] In patho., ves- icles resembling millet-seeds in form and magnitude; appearing in puerpe- ral fever, tvpims, &c. SUDATO KIUM, n. [L.] A hot-air bath for producing perspiration. SUD'DEIN.t )a. [See Sudden.] SUD'DEINE, + ) Quick; ready. [Spenser.] SUD'DENTY, n Suddenness; an unex- pected occurrence ; surprise. [5co/fA.] SUDORIF'EROUS,afL. sudor, sweat, and fcro, to bear, to produce.] Produc- ing sweat; secreting perspiration; as, the sudoriferous canals of the skin. SUDS, n. [.idd.) To b.- in the suds, to be in turmoil or dirticultv. [Familiar.] SCE.t V. t. [Fr. suirre.] To follow; to go or come after. [Chaucer.] SU'ER,f n One who sues; a suitor. SUFFI'CIENTLY, ado. [add] To a considerable degree; as, he went away s fficiently discontented. SUF'FISANCE,t «. [Fr.] Sufficiency; satisfaction. [Chaucer.] SUF'FISANT,t a. [Fr.] Sufficient. [Chaucer.] SUFFK AGAN, n. [add.] For«i«-/.v each archbishop and bishop had his suffra- gan to assist him in confeiring orders, and in other spiritual parts of his office within his diocese, but it is not usual now to appoint this inferior order of bishops. SUFF'RAUNCE.t «. for Sufferance. Forbearance. [Spenser.] SUFFRUTEX,n.[SeeSoFFRUTicosE.] An undershrub. SU'FISM. 71. See Sofism. SUGGEST', V. t. [add.] To prompt; to tempt ; to excite. [5ftoA.] SUGGEST ED, pp. [add.] Tempted. [Shah.] SUGGESTIONS, H. Temptations. \Shah.] SUG GIL,+ i: I. [add.] To make livid by bruises. [Hudil)ras.] SUG'GILATION, n [ vdd.] Extravasa- tion of blood. SUG'RED,t pp. Sweetened with sugar. [Chaucer.] SU'ICIDE,n. [add.] The severity of the law in regard to the chattels, &c., of Ih >se who commit suicide, has been generally avoided by the almost uni- versal practice of coroners jm'ies re- turning an inquest of insanity. Suicide works a forfeiture and a deprivation of Christian burial. SUICID UAL, a. Suicidal. [Rare.] SU'I GENERIS, [add.] Of his own kind. SU'ILLAGE, instead of SUIL'LAGE. SUIT, 7i. [add.] Request ; court solicita- tion. Sometimes ?be gallops o*er a courlier's uose, And then dreams he of smelling out a su't Shale SClT'ED,j)p [add.] Clothed. [Shah] SUITER, n .V suitor,— irAioA see. SCIT'-SLL V EK, H. A small rent, or sum of money, paid in some manors to ex- cuse the freeholders' appearance at the courts of their lord. SUL'CUS, n. [add.] In anat., this term is generallv applied to hones. SUED. Should. [Scotch.] SULK'T, H. [add.] A two-wheeled car- riage for a single person, drawn by one horse. SUL'LENS.t n. plur. [add.] -A fit of sul- Jcnness. SUL'LERY.t n. [See Sull.] A plough- land. SUL'PHAMIDE, n. A compound con- taining the radical sulphurous acid combined with amidogen. It is ex- actly analogous to o.vandde. SUL'PHAS, 71. A sulphate. SULPHAS'ATYDE, n. A compound formed by the action of potash on sul- phesatyde, from which it differs in having only one eiiuivalent of oxygen J eplaced by sulphnr. It is a dry crys- talline powder. 380 SULPHAT'ie, instead of SULPHA'- Tie. SULPH ATOX'YGEN, 7i. The sulphate radical of sulphate of soda. Its com- pounds are called sulpkatorides. SULPHOAMYL I€ ACID, 7i. The bi- snlphate of oxide of :imyle, analogous to sulphovinic acid. With bases it forms double salts. SULPHOCET'ie ACID, 71. An acid formed by heating sulphuric acid in contact with ethal, in a water-bath. SULPHOINDIL'IC ACID, 71. A blue acid formed by the action of sulphuric acid upon indigo. SULPHOMARGAK'ie ACID, r.. See SuLPHOLEic Acid. SULPHOMESITYL'ie ACID,n The acid sulphate of oxide of mesitvle. SUL'PHO-SALTS, n. See Sulpiiosels. SULPHUR, 71 [add.] Crude sulphur, the result of the distillation of native sulphur. — Roll or stick sulphur, sul- phur refined and cast into wooden moulds. — Milk of sulphur, precipitated sulphur. SULPHU Rie, instead of SUL'PHU- Rie. SUL'TA'N.i, 71. [add.] A magnificent species of marsh -bird found in the West Indies and the southern United States ; it is tlie Porpkyrio martinica. ^ V -\N «^x ^"\ Sttltana-bird, ptjrphyiiomattiniw. Like its congeners, it has long toes, which support it on the aquatic herb - age which often covers the places of its resort. SULTAN'ie, a. Belonging to a sultan ; imperial. SU MACH, 71. [add.] Tlie powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches of certain species of Rhus, used in tan- ning and dyeing. — Venetian sumach, the Rhus cotinus (Linn.), which inhabits the south of Europe. The wood is used as a yellow dye, under the name of young fustic. SUM'AGE.t \n [Sax. seom, a bur- SUM'MA6E,t ! den ] A toll for car- r'i:;e on horseback ; a horse-load. SU-M'M.\KY, 71. [add.] In taw, a brief; a conipendiura ; a short application to a court or judge, without the formality of a full proceeding. SUM'iMER,r.t. instead of SUMMER,t 1-. (. [add.] To feed cattle, &c,, during summer. [.Scotch.] SUM'MEKSAULT, n See Somer- SmUMITY^t 71. instead of SUMMITY. [add.] The utmost degree; perfection. [Local.] SUMMO'NEAS, 71. [L.] A judicial writ of great diversity, according to the divers cases wherein it is used. [See I Summons] SUPERFINE SUPPLICATION SURINAM BARK SUM'MONS.t v. t. To serve with a summons; to summon. \Sii'ift.'\ SUM'MUM BO NUM, instead of SUM- MUM BONUM. SUMPTER, a. Noting a. horse or mule that carries necessaries, as of an army. SUN or SUNN'-HEMP, n. A material similar to hemp, imported from the East Sunn, Crotalcrifi juncea. I Indies. It is obtained from the stem I of the Crotalaria juncea, a papiliona- J ceous plant. I SUN'-BEAR, n. A genus of bears with short fur, generally dark, and with a large yellow patch on the breast. They are found in Java and other East In- dian islands. The species climb cocoa- trees, and destroy the fruit. They form the genus Helarctos. SUN'BURNED, a. Tanned ; discoloured by the heat or rays of the sun ; scorched by the sun's rays, as the soil. SUN'DER, V. i. To part ; to be separated. \Shah.] SONE, adv. Soon. — Sune ovsyne, sooner or later. SUN'-FISH, n. [add.] In the Uniled States, a small fresh-water fish, of the perch family, belonging to the genus Pomotis ; also called pond-perch. SUNK'ETS, ». iiliir. Provision of what- ever kind. \_Scotch.] SUNIv'IE, n. A low stool. [Scotch.] SUNN--IIEMP. See Sun in tliis Stipp. SUN'-STONE, h. [add.] A yellow va- riety of adularia, with reddish dots. The same name is sometimes given to the avanturiue variety of felspar. SU'O JU'RE, instead of SUO JURE. SU'O MAR'TE, instead of SUO MAR TE. SUPAWN', n. In the United States, an Indian name for boiled Indian meal. SUPERANNUATE, ii. t. [add.] To allow to retire from the service on half- pay, on account of old age or infirmity ; as, to superannuate a seaman. SUPERAN'NUATED, pp. [add.] Al- lowed to retire from the army or navy on half-pay, on account of old age or infirmity. SU'PER-CHAR(5E, n. In her., one figuie borne upon another. SUPERCIL'lUJI, 71. plur. Supercil'ia. [add.) In anat., the eyebrow; the pro- jecting arch covered with short hairs, above the eyelid. SU PER-€RETA'CEOUS, a. SeeSv- pra-Cketaceous. SU'PERFINE, or SUPERFINE', a. [add.] Excessively or faultily subtile ; over-subtile ; as, the super.iine distinc- tions of the schools. [Locke.] SUPERFLU'ITY, n. [add.] Something used for show or luxury, rather than for comfort or necessity. SUPERFLUOUS, a. [add.] Supplied with superHuities ; having soniewhat beyond necessaries ; as, a superfluous man. [Shah.] Heedlessly, idly, or im- pertinently engaged or concerned about anything. I see 110 reason wliy tliou slitmlJst be so superjtuous lo demand tile time of the day. iilmk, Ben. IT. SUPERFCETA TION, n. See Super- fetation. SUPERINTEND'ENT, a. Overlooking others with authority; overseeing. SUPE RIOR AU'RIS,n. [L.] In anat., a muscle of the externnl ear, which lifts the ear upwards. SUPERIOR tONJUNCTION, n. In astronomy. [See Conjunction.] SUPERIORLY, adv. In a superior manner. SUPEKMOL'ECULE, instead of SU- PER MO'LEt ULE. SU'PERPLUSA6E,instead of SUPER- PLUS A6E. SIIPERPOSI'TION.n. [add.] In scorn., the process by which one magnitude may be conceived to be placed upon another, so as exactly to cover it; or so that every jiart of each shall exactly coincide with every part of tlie other. Magnitudes which thus coincide must be equal. SUPEKSE'DURE, n. The act of super- seding ; as, the supersedure of trial by jury. [Recent American term.] SU'PER-TO'TUS, n. [L. over all.] In anc. costume, a liind of cloak or mantle worn over the other garments by tra- veller.^, and such as rode on horse- back. SU'PER-TU'Nie, «. An upper tunic or gown. SUPERVISE', I'. (. [add.] To peruse; to read; to read over. [6'AaA.] SUPERVISION, instead of SUPER- Vr'SION. SUPERVISORY, instead of SUPER- VISORY. SUPPLANT', V. t. instead of SUP- PLANT. SUPPLE-JACK, n. The popular name of a plant, lihamnus volubiiis, common to some of the southern states of Ame rica. Twisted walking canes mide ot it are much admired. SUPPLEMENTAL, a. [add.] Supple- mental versed sine, in iritjonometri/, the suversed sine, or the diflereuce be- tween the versed sine and the diameter. — Supplemental bill, an addition to an original bill in equity, in order to supply some defect in its original frame and structure. — Bill in the nature of a sup- plemental hill, a bill, which, though par- taking of the nature of a supplemental bill, is not an addition to the original bill, but another original bill, properly applicable, when new parties with new interests, arising from events since the institution of the suit, are brought be- fore the court. SUP'PLETOKY OATH, n. The oath of a litigant party in the spiritual courts. SUPPLIANTNESS,n. Quality of being suppliant. SUP'PLICATING, instead of SUP- PLICATING. SUPPLIC ATINGLY, instead of SUP- PLICA'TINGLY. SUPPLICATION, n. [add.] Supplica- tions in the quill, written supplications. [Sluih.] 3S1 SUP'PLICATOR, instead of SUPPLI- €A'TOR. SUPPLIER 0. t. To supplicate. [Chau- cer.] SUPPORTA'TION, instead of SUP- PORTATION. SUPPOSITI'TIOUS, a. [add.] Coun- terfeit ; supposed ; imaginary ; not real. SUPRA-COSTAL, a Lying above or upon the ribs; as, the supra costal muscles, which raise the ribs. SUPRALAPSA'RIANISM, n. The doctrine or system of the Supralapsa- rians. SUPRA-ORB'ITAL, a. [add.] Supra- orbital artery, an artery sent off by the ophthalmic, along the superior wall of the orbit. SUPRA ORB'ITARY, Ifi. Same as SUPRA-ORB'ITAR, / Supka-Ok- BIPAL. SU'PRA-RE NAL,a. [add.] Supra-re- nalcapsule^, two capsules situated above the kidneys. S,\}KC\i\\\(iW,n.[o.iA.] Surcharge and falsification. In taking accounts in tlie court of chancery, a surcharge is ap- plied to the balance of the whole ac- count, and supposes credits to bo omitted which ought to be allowed ; and a falsification applies to some item in the debits, and supposes that the item is wholly false or in some part erroneous. SURCIN'GLE, instead of SUR'CIN- OLE. SURCIN'GLED, instead of SUR'- CINGLED. SUR'COTE,t n. See Surcoat. [Chau- cer.] SURD'ITAS, n. [L.] Deafness; hard- ness of hearing. SURE, a. [add. I Infallibly certain as to some future actions or events, with an infinitive; as, they are suie to meet with excellent words. — Sure as a gun, absolutely certain. [Colloquial vulgar- ism ] SURE'TY, ('. t. To guarantee ; to be bail or security for. SUR'FACE, H. [add.] Tabular surfaces, those which are generated by a circle of given radius which moves with lU centre on a given curve, and its plane at right angles to the tangent of that curve. — Ruled surfaces, those which are described by the motion of a straight line, which neither remains parallel to a given line nor always passes through a given point, as conoidal surfaces. — Developable surfaces, such as can be un- wrapped in a plane without any doubling of parts over one another, or separation, as the surfaces of the cylinder and cone. — Undevelopable surface, a surface that cannot be developed on the plaiie, called by French geometers surface gauche. SURGE, !!. t. [add.] To surge a rope or cable, to slack it up suddenly when it renders round a pin, a winch, windlass, or capstan. SURGE'FUL, o. Full of surges. SURGEON, n. [add.] A person ap- pointed to act in a medical capacity on board of any merchant vessel. — In a ship-of-war there is always a surgeon as well as an assistant, or assistants, under him. SURGEON-APOTHECARY, ». One who is both surgeon and apothecary. SUR'GEON-FISH, n. A fish of the ge- nus Acanthurus, so called from a lance- like spine on each side near the tail. SU'RINAM BARK, n. The bark of the Andira inermis, or cabbage-bark tree. SURVEYOR SWALE SWEAR a legnm:noJS plant of the West Indies. It is also called worm-barh, and is used Surinam Tarti, AndlrCL iiiermii. in medicine, especially as an anthel- mintic. SU KINAMINE, n. An alkaloid ob- tained from Surinam barU. It is crys- tallizable.and forms crvst.allizable salts. SDRIUELLA, «. In bot., a genns of Di- atoinaceous plants with free ovate or elliptical frustules, and the margin of the valves produced into wings. The transverse lines are very faint in most of the species. SURLY, a. [add.] Stately and proud. [Spenser.] SUR'PLICE-FEES,H, [add.] Fees pay- able on baptisms, marriages, funerals, &c. ; Easter-offerings, mortuaries, &c. SURPLlS.t n. [Fr ] A surplice. {Chau- cer.'] SURPLUSA(5E,insteadofSURPLUS-- AGE. SURPRISE', i.t. [add.] To lead, bring, or betray unawares. If by cliaiice be Iris been snrpriseJ into a short nap at sermon. Addison. SURPRIZE'.t B. /. [See Surprise.] To seize. [.*>y».^/(.«cr.] SURQUEDRIE,t«.[5ci'SuRQUEDET.] Pride ; presumption. [iS/w*H5cr.] SUR'QUEDY, H. [See Subquedrt.] Presumption ; insolence. [Sir IValter Scolt.] SUR'-RE'NAL, a. [L. sub, beneath, and remts, the kidneys.] In anut , the desig- nation of arteries, &c., situated beneath the kidnevs. SURKEN'DER, n. [add.] Surrender o/ copyholds, the yielding up of the estate by the tenant into the lord's liands> for such purpose as is expressed in such surrender. It is the mode of convey- ing copvhold. SURROUN D', v.t. [add.] To pass round; to circumnavigate ; as, to surround the globe. [Temple.] SURSANURE',t » [Fr. sur, and sain, healing over.] A wound healed out- wardly onlv. [Chaucer.] SUR'SlSE,i; H. [Fr. sursis, delay ] A word especially used in the castle of Dover, for penalties and forfeitures laid upon those who do not pay the duties or rent of castle- ward, at their days limited. SURVEANCE'.t «• [Fr.] Snrveyance; superintendence. [Chaucer.] SURVEILLANCE', instead of SUR- VEILLANCE ; written also SURVE- 1L'L.4NCE. Pron. survfil-yans'. SURVEY'OR, n. [add.] In the Uniled States, an officer who ascertains the weight and quantity of goods subject to duty. SUSCEP'TIVENESS, «. Quality of be- ing susceptive. SUSPEtT',t a. [add.] Suspected. [Chaucer.] SUSPEC TION.t «■ Suspicion. [Chau- cer.] SUSPENDED, pp. [add.l Held undis- solved in » ater, as the particles of a solid bodv. SUSPENDED ANIMATION, n. A terra employed to designate the state of children still-born, and that state in which the vital phenomena are sus- pended from some cause interrupting respiration, but in which life is not actu- ally extinct, and may, under favourable circumstances, be i^stored. This state may be produced by inhalation of dele- terious gases, by strangulation, or sub- mersion. SUSPENSION, n. [add.] In chem., a term applied to the state of solid bodies, the particles of which are held undis- solved in water, and may be sepaiated from it again by filtration. The soliil is then said to be suspended in the wa- ter, or to be htld in suspension. — Pfeas ■ in suspension, m law, those pleas which show some matter of temporary inca- pacity to proceed with the action or suit. SUSPENSORY, H. [add.] The longi- tudinal ligament of the liver. SUS. PER COLL. An abbreviation of the Latin suspendatur per collum, let him be hanged by the neck ; the an- cient form of noting by the judge, in the margin of the calendar, the judg- ment of those sentenced to death. The practice now is for the judge to write, opposite to the prisoners nanie,"Hanged by the neck." SUS TER,+ n. plur. Sus'tern. Sister. [Chaucer.] SUSURRUS, 71. [L.] Whizzing; an acute continued hissing sound ; a whis- per. SUTE, «. Soot. [Scotch.] SUTU'R A, ft. [L.] A seam or suture. SU'TUR AL, instead of SUTURAL, ft. SU'TUKE, n. [add.] In malaculotjy, the line of junction in the whorls of spiral shells, or that line by which two parts join or fit into each other. SUVERS'ED SINE, 7!.[SH6,and versed.] In irifj'tnomctrii, the supplement of a versed sine, or the difierence of a versed sine from the diameter of the circle. (5eeSisE.] SU ZERAIN, instead of SUZERAIN. SWA.+ «enier.] SWAG, n. An unequal hobbling motion; booty; a large quantity. [Local.] SWAfiE.t r. 1. 'To abate; to assuage. SWAG'GER, V. t. To bully; to influ- ence by blustering or threats. [iSu^^ft.] SWAG'GER, n. An empty boast; a bluster. SWAG'GER, V. i. To stagger; to feel as if intoxicated. [Scotch.] SWAG GER, ;i. A stagger; an unsteady rocking motion ; a strutting sort of gait. [Scotch.] SWAIP, f. 1. To walk proudly: to sweep. \ Local.] SWALE.t prct of Swell. Swelled. [Chaucer.] SWALE, n. [add.] A valley; a low place; a moor ; a gutter in a candle. [Local.] 3S2 SW^L'LOW, r. t. [add.] To put up with ; to bear ; to take patiently ; as, to swallow an afi'ront. SW.^MP, V. t. ;add.] To whelm or sink as in a swamp; to embaiTass; to en- tangle in ditticulties. SWAMP'-PINK,«. In the United State.', the popul.ar name of the wild honey- suckle, Azalea viscosa. S W A N K ' I N G, a. Supple ; active. [Scotch.] SW.-VN'PAN, n. The Chinese name for the abacus, an instrument for perform- ing arithmetical calculations. SWAP, V. t. [add.] To barter; to ex- change. [Scotch, and local in England.] SWAP, 71. A barter; an exchange. [Scotch.] SW.\PPE,+ V. t. To swap; to throw down ; to strike off. [Chaucer.] SWARF'IT, ) c 1 re ..n SWERVED, S ''^' Swooned. [Scotch.] SWARF'-MONEY.t n. Guard-money, paid in lieu of the service of castle- ward. SWART'-BACK, 71. The great black and white gull, ia7V75)7t(i7-77»iijf. [5cotcA.] SW;VRTHY,tc(. To blacken; to make swarthy. SWARVE, V. i. To swerve; to incline to one side. [St'o/cA.] SWARVED,+ pp. Swerved; moved aside. [5pf77,ier.j SWASH, 71. [add.] A roaring blade; a swaggerer ; refuse ; hog- wash. [Local. | SW^SH, V. i. [add.] To spill or splash water about. [Local.] SWASH, 1 a. Soft, like fruit too ripe. SWASH Y', ( [Local.] SWASH'-BUCKET, 77. The common receptacle of the washings of th» scullery; a mean slatternly woman. [Local.] SW.\SH ING,pi)r. or a. Slashing; dash- ing; making anoise as of swords against targets. [6'ArtA.] SWASH'-PL.\TE 71 In mech., a disc B, fixed on a re- volving axis A, in an inclined posi- tion, for the pur- pose of commu- nicating a reci- procating motion to a bar C, in the direction of its length. The ex- cursion of the bar C varies with the inclination of the plate to the axis, according to a very obvious law. SW.\TH'-BONDS,t 71. Long swathes of cloth in which infants were rolled, somewhat after the fashion of the mum- mies of Egypt. SW.^TTE,t pret. of Steele {Sweat). Sweated. [C'/i. of this verb, is also used. SWEAT, V. i. [add.] To sweat and swiuhe, to take great pains ; to labour greatly. [Si^enser.] SWfiDENBOK GIAN, a. Relating to Emanuel Swedenborg, or to the doc- trines tauglit by him. SWEEP, t'. t. [add.] To carry the eye over; to view with progressive rapid- ity; as, to siccep the boundless land- scape. SWEEP, V. i. [add] To take in a view witli progressive rapidity. ■ f»i' as tlie raiigini; eye Ciin stceep, A dazzling deluge reigns. T/ioinscin. SWEEP, H. [add.] An engine for draw- ing up water from a well. [See Swape.] Written also swipe, sivepe. — In loam- mouMitvj, a pattern-shape consisting of a board, of which the edge is cut to the form of the cross-sectional outline of the article to be moulded. The surface of the mould or core is formed by moving the sweep parallel to the axis at right angles to its length. For hollow ar- ticles, as pipes, sweeps are made in pairs, one for " running up " the core, and the other for forming the interior of the mould. They are consequently the reverse of each other, and the radii differ by a quantity equal to the thick- ness of the metal of the pipe to be cast. Thus, supposing the internal diameter of the pipe to be 24 inches, and the thickness of the metal 1 inch, the dia- meter a of eacli core and sweep will be 12 inches, and the diameter b of the mould-sweep 13 inches. Sweeps arc employed for many other symmetrical forms besides cylinders. SWEEP'AOE, n. The crop of hay got in a meadow. [Locals SWEEP'IT, m). Swept. [Scotch.] SWEET, a. [add.] To be sweet upon, to make love to ; to behave amorously to. — To have a swirt tooth, to be fond of sweetmeats. [Fdmiliar.] SWEET, a. [add.] Sweet teene, pleasing uneasiness. [Spenser.] SWEET, n. [add.] Sweets, i>!nr., home- made wines, meads, metheglin, &c. SWEETENING, «. [add.] The act of sweetening. SWEET' SPITTLE, n. In patho., an increased secretion of saliva, distin- guished by a sweet taste. SWEGH.t n. [Sax.] A violent motion. [Chaucer.] SWEIN'MOTE, n. See Sw.unmote. S^yEL'LlNG, piir. [add.] Tumid; tur- gid; as style or language. SWELT.t pret. of Swelt. Swooned; fainted ; died. [ Spenser.] SWELTE,t V. i. [add.] To die. [Chau- cer.] SWELT'ER, V. {. [add.] To exude; to void by perspiration. [.Skak.] — To welter; to soak; as, knights sweltered in their gore. [Drai/ton.] SWEUN.t for SwER'EN,t pres. tense phir. of Swere (Swear). [Chaucer.] SWET, p7-et. and pp. of Sweat. Sweat or sweated is also used. [See Sweat.] SWEV'EN.t n. [add.] [Sax. swefinan.] II.— Supi". SWEV'ENES,t n. plnr. Dreams. [Chancer.] SWICH.t \ ,. ..-n c ,. SWILKE.f)"- [Sax. SiCi/A.] Such. SWINCK.tf. !. &eSwiNK. [Spenser.] SWINCK.t H SeeSwiNK. [Spenser] SWINDLING, ppr. or a. Cheating; defrauding. SWINE'-PIPE, n. A local name of the redwing thrush ( Turdus iliacus). SWINE'-TANG, n. A name given to sea-ware, Fucus vesicnlosus. SWING, I., i. [add.] To be hanged ; to be suspended by the neck. SWING'ED,t pret. for Singed. [Spen- ser.] SWIN'GLE-STAFF, > n. Different SWIN'GLING-STAFF, I names of SWINGLING-KNIFE, ( an instru- SWIN'GLING-WAND, j ment for- merly used for beating flax or hemp, in order to separate the shives or woody part from the fibres. This is effected now by machinery. SWINGLE-TREE, n. See Swing- Tree SWIN'ISHNESS, H. Quality of being swinish. SWINKE.t See Swink. [Chaucer.] SWIRE, M. The neck; the declination of a mountain or hill near the summit ; hollow between two hills. Also writ- ten sivare. [Scotch.] SWIRE.t \n. [Sax. steer.] The neck. SWERE,t ( [Chaucer.] SWIRLES, )i. phir. [See Swirl] AVhirls; circular motions. [Scotch.] SWISS, a. Of or belonging to Switzer- land, or the Swiss. SWITCH, n. 2. For " car,'" read car- riage. SWITCH'EL, n. In A'ew Enyland, a beverage made of molasses and water. SWITH ! Begone ; be off. [5ro(rf.] SWITHIN (ST.), n. A bishop of Win- chester in the 9th century. Within a century after his death he was canon- ized, when it was resolved to transfer his remains from the church-yard (where they had been interred at his own request) to the cathedra), and to place them in a magnificent shrine. The translation, which was to have taken place on the 15t!i of July, was delayed for forty days in consequence of the severe rainy weather wliich oc- curred. Hence arose the well-known popular tradition, that if St. Swithin's- day (the 15th July) be rainy, the weather will continue rainy for forty days, but if that day be fair, the weather will continue fair for forty days after. In Scotland the same is said of Martin (of) Bullion's-day. SWIVE,ti;.f. [Tent.. «cAei-e6c».l To per- form the act of generation. [Chaucer.] SWI VEL-G UN, n. (swiv'l.) See Swivel, No. 3. SWOL'OWE,t n. [From swalloju.] A whirlpool; a cavern in the earth. [Chaucer.] SWONGH.t n- Sound; noise. [See Sough.] [Chaucer.] SWONGH,t ". [See Swoon.] A state of stupor; loss of feeling or sensation. [Chancer.] SWONIv'EN,t W). of Swinh. Laboured. [Chancer.] SWORD'-HAND, n. The right hand; the hand which holds the sword. SWORD'iMANSHlP, n. The art of fencing, or of using the sword skilfully ; swordsmanship. [ Cowper. ) SWORD'-M.\T, n. In ships, a m.at woven by means of a piece of wood, resembling a sword. a83 SWORDS (of a Loom -Lav), n. The arms by which the lay is supported. SWORDS MAN, n. A man who carries a sword ; a fighting man ; a soldier. Written also sicordman. SWUIR, j)rrf. Swore. [Scotch.] SYB AND SOM.f [Sax.] Peace and security. SY'BO, n. An onion that does not form a bulb at the root. [Scotch.] SYCHNOeXRPOUS, a. [Gr. „„^,„, frequent, and a^^Tw, fruit.] lu bot., sychnocarpous jilants are those wdiich have the power of bearing fruit many times without perisliing. SYCOPHANT, 1 For " i'. t.;' read SYG'OPHANTIZE. ) v. i. SYt:'OPHANT,t V. t. To calumniate. SYGOPHANTISU, «. Like a syco- phant ; parasitical ; sycopliantic. SYC'OPHANTISM, n. Sycophancy. SYKE, \n. A small brook or rill in low SIKE, ) ground; a marshy bottom with a small stream in it, without sand or gravel. [Scotch or local.] SYL'LABARY, n. A table of syllables. SYLLABICATE, v. t. To form into syllables. SYL'LABIST, n. One versed in, or a maker of syllables. SYM, prefi.v. See Syn. SYMBOL,?!. ForJ^ in Did., read f which signifies that the value of the in- tegral is to be found for the two parti- cular values a and b of the independent variable. Thus, f 2xdx^a' — b' ^ 3, when a = 2 and b^X. Tiie sign f denotes the value of the integral •' between the limits :r ^ 0, and x = in- finity. Some Cambridge writers use the sign J^ to signify that x is the indepen- dent variable. Thus f is the same as jnxdx. SYM'BOLISM, n. [add.] An exposition or comparison of syniI)ols or creeds. SYMBOLIZE,!).z. [add.] To agree; to hold the same faith or religious belief. SYMMET'RIAN, instead of SYiMME- TRIAN. SYM'METRY, n. In bot., that kind of arrangement in which the number of parts of one series corresponds witli that of the other series ; as, for example, when a flower with five sepals has five petals, and five, or ten, or fifteen sta- mens. SYMPATHIES, n. phtr. [See Sym- pathy.] iMutual passion. If that thy valour stand on sympathies. Shal: SYM'PATHISE. See SvMrATHiZE. SYM'P-\TH1ZE, V. t. To feel ; or par- ticipate in mutually. All tliat arc nssemhieil in this place. That Ijy ttm si,mpallMtd "ne day's error. Have suffered wrong, go keep us company. Sttaic. 2. To form with suitable adaptation ; to contrive with congruity or consis- tency of parts ; as, a message well sym- pathized. [Shnh.] SYMPHO'NIOUS, a. [add.] Suitable. SYMPHYS'EAL, a. Relating to sym- physis. SYMPHYSIOT'OMY, n. [Gr. fu^jore, and To.uii, a cutting.) The operation of dividing the symjihysis pubis. SYMPIF.SOJIETER, instead of SYM- PIESO'METER. SYMPO'SIAST, instead of SYMPOS'- lAST. 8u TACHEOGRAPHY TAFFY TAILOK-BIED STX, \auv. Afterward; since; late, S?NE, ) as opposed to soon; then. [Scotch.} SYNCAKP'IUM, n. [Gr. .\CTVLr.s. SYNDESMOL'OciY, n. [Gr. ru>Sir^«, a ligament, and /.c^of, discourse.] A treatise on ligaments. SYNDESMOT'OilY, n. [Gr. cv,^i7u,;, and Tiiit.li, an incision.] A dissection of the li.i:aments. S Y N D ' I N G S, n. Slops ; rinsings. [Scotch.] SYNE, coitj. Since; seeing that. [Scotch.'\ SYN'GENESE, n. A syngenesious plant. SYN ODIST, n. One who adheres to the synod. SYNONYJIICAL, a. Sj-nonymons. SYNTEeTICAL, a. Relating to syn- te:ds; wasting. SYPHONie, a. Belonging to, or like a syphon. SYR'INGE, r. 1. To make use of a syringe ; to inject water with a syringe. [Prior] SYRIN'GINE, ;i. The bitter principle of the Syringa viiJgarix, It is crystal- line, and soluble in alcohol. SYRUPUS, n. [Low Lat., from Ar. sernh."] In med., a svrup. SYSTEM.VTIZ.VTION,} n.Theactor SYSTEMIZ.^'TION, ) operation of systematizing. \Rar. us.'\ SYS'TEMAtlZEU, instead of SYSTE- MATI'ZER. SYSTE.M.A.T0L'06Y, instead of SYS- TEMATOLO'OY. SYTE.t n. Site : situation. [iS/^enser.] SY'VER. .'1 A covered drain ; a gvitter. lScotch.1 T. T[add.] T-iron, angle-iron, of which • the transverse section has the form of the letter T It differs from ordi- nary angle-iron, of which the transverse section has the form I To suit or fit to a T, to suit or fit exactly. [Familiar.] TABA'NUS, n. [add.] The T. bovinus (Linn.), is known by the name of horse- fly. TAB'ARD,t n. The inn where Chau- cer's pilgrims met. TABBY-CAT, n. A brinded cat. TABEL'LA, n. [L., dimin. of tabula, a table.] In phar., a tablet or lozenge. TABERN.\€ ULAR, a. [add.] Sculp- tured with delicate tracery or open work. TA'BLE, n. [add.] .\ board, such as pic- tures are painted upon. [Spenser.] TA'BLE-LAYERS, n. In geol., e.\-- tended plates of rock, not divided into parallel lamina;. TA'BLE-MOVINGorTURNING,!!. A wde-spread delusion of 1853, according to which, motion was supposed to be given to a table, by persons around it simply placing the fingers upon it, and wishing it to move in any particular direction. The true cause of motion, as demonstrated by Professor Faraday, in a series of ingenious experiments, was the unconscious impulse given to the table by the persons whose fingers were pressing upon it ; and not, as many ludicrously imagined, some mysterious agency, physical, supernatm'al, or even diabolical. TA'BLES, n. [add.] Table;! ToJetanes, the Alphonsine astronomical tables, so called from their being adapted to the city of Toledo. [Chaucer.] TA'BLING-HOUSE,t ". A house where gaming-tables were kept. T.\BLlXr Jl, insteid of TABLINUM ; also written T.VBULINUM. TA'BOURE,t V. i. [See Taeoc] To drum. [Chaucer.] TABOURET, n. [add.]Pron. tab'-o-ra, or tab-o-ra'. TABULA VITREA, n. [L. the glass table.] In aiiat , the dense interior plate of the skull. TAC-FREE, o. In oid charters, exempt from rents, pavments, &c. TACIIE.t n. [Fr.] A spot or blemish. [Chaucer.] I'ACHEOG'R.VPIIY, n. See Taciit- GB.VPHT. TA€HYDROiI'IANS, n. A family of wading birds, of which the genus Tachydromus is the type. — -A.lso, a family of saiu-ian reptiles. ^^'.pTi'Jj. «.[add.] A stain ; a blemish. TACK, n. [add.] An addition ; a slight hold or fastening. [Sco^cA.] TACK'ING, j)i»-. Fastening; joining. TACK'ING, n. The act of fastening or joining. — In laic, a union of securities, given at different times, all of which must be redeemed before an interme- diate purchaser can interpose his claim. T.ACKS'-PIXS, .1. InsAij)j,pin3 inserted into holes in various parts of a vessel, for belaying running gear to; also called belaying-pins. TAD POLE-FISH, n. A somewhat rare fish, of the genus Raniceps, the R. fus- cus, belonging to the family Gadid.6, afar TELEL'OGRAPII, [ oif,;.o;.«,a word, and >§«?«, to write.] A machine which describes words at a distance, in dis- tinction from the common telegraph, which conveys intelligence to a distance by means of signals. TELL'-TALE, n. [add.] A name given to a hanging compass. — The name also of two species of grallatorial birds com- mon in America, and so called from their shrill whistle alarming ducka about to be fired at by the sportsman. The one is the Toianus Jlavipes, the other T. vociferus. TEL'LUK DISMUTH, n. Telluret of bismuth, an ore which occurs crystal- lized in small six-sided prisms. It is of a steel-gray or ztnc-white colour, and metallic lustre. It consists of 34-U parts of tellurium, 6U of bismuth, and 48 of sulphur, and traces of selenium. It is found in Norway. TELL'.\yORe, «. [Sax. tcclan, to num- ber, and wore, work, labour.] Thiit labour which a tenant was bound to do for his lord, for a certain number of days. TEM'PER, V. i. To accord. Kew nun riglitly temper with tlie stars. Shak That is, few men conform their temper to their destiny. TEMPERA, rt. In painting^ the same as Distemper. TEM PERAMENT, n. [add.] A mix- ture or tempering of elements ; a notion founded on an ancient doctrine of four elements or qualities supposed to tem- per each other. Tliese are, in tlie ab- stract, hot, cold, dry, moist; and in the concrete, fire, air, eartli, water. — Even temperament, in musie, the same as equal tempeniment. TEM PEUATE, v. t. To temper; to moderate. [Rar. us] TEM'PLATE, n. [add.] Template is an improper orthography for templet, — which see. TEM'PLED, a. Furnished with a tem- ple; inclosed in a temple. TEM'PLES,n. Stretchers; an apparatus used by weavers for keeping the cloth at its proper breadth during weaving. TEM'PLET, n. [add.] A pattern or mould used by masons, machinists, smiths, ship-wrights, &c., to test the accuracy of their work, or shaping any- thing by. It is made of tin or zinc plate, sheet-iron, or thin board, ac- cording to the use to which it is to be applied. Also, a short piece of timber laid under a beam or girder, particu- larly in brick-buildings. TEM'PORAL, a. iadd.] Temporal lords, the peers of the realm. The bishops are called lords spiritual, or merely lords of Parliament. TEMPORARY STARS, 71. Stars which have appeared from time to time in different parts of the heavens, shin- ing with great lustre, and after con- tinuing awhile, apparently immovable, have disappeared, and left no trace be- hind them. TEMPS,t ". [Fr.] Time. [Chaucer.] TEMSE, )n. A sieve; asearce; tamis. TEMPSE, I [Obsolete or local.] TEM'S^D I ^- ^^^^^^ ^^^'^ *^"®* TEN, n. The decimal number, or the number of twice five. TEN'ACE, n. At ichisf, the state of holding the first and third best cards. TENAILLE', n. [add.] Pron. ten-rd'. TENAIL'LON,n. [add.] Pron. te-nal'- von. TEN'ANT-RIGIIT, n. A species of customary estates peculiar to the nortli- ern parts of England, in which border services against Scotland were anciently performed. Tenant-right estates were holden of the lord of the manor by payments of certain customary rents, and the render of the services above- mentioned. They are descendible from ancestor to heir according to a custom- ary mode, ditfering in some respects from tlie rule of descent at common- law. Formerly they were not devisable by will, either directly or by means of a will and surrender to the use of the same, but tliey are now rendered de- visable, and it has been determined that they fall under the same general rules as copyhold-estates. TENANT-SAW, n. See Tenon-Saw. TEN'-RONES, u. The ten fingers. [Shah.} aS7 TENDE,t V. i. To tender or offer. TEN'DENCE,t n. Tendency. TENDER, V. f. [add.] To heed ; to re- gard. [Shah.] TEN'DER, a. [add.] Scrupulous; cau- tious ; with of; as to be tender of men- tioning disagreeable circumstances. — In 5co/c/i, delicate as to health; weakly. TEN'DER-HEFTED,t a. Moved or heaving with tenderness. [See Heft, Hi: FT ED.] TENE,t K. [See Teen.] Grief; sorrow. i Chaucer.] TENE,t V. t. To grieve; to afflict. [Chancer.] TENEB'RI€OSE,ta.[L./e?ie6nco5My.] Tenebrous. TENEBRIF'IG, instead of TENE- BRl'Fie. TENEBRlF'I€OUS,ta. Causingdark- ness. TEN EBROSE, a. Dark; gloomy; tenebrous. TENEMENT'ARY LAND, n. The out- land of manors, granted out to tenants by tlie Saxon thanes, under arbitrary rents and services. TENENDUM, n. [L.] That clause in a deed, wherein the tenure of the land is created and limited. Its office is to limit and appoint the tenure of the land which is held, and how and of whom it is to be held. TEN'ENT,t n. Tenet. TEN-0'€LOCK, n. A troublesome perennial weed. TENONED, pp. Joined by means of a tenon. TENOR,??, [add.] The tenor of writs, records, &c., is a transcript or copy. The word tenor implies tluit a correct copy is set out, and therefore the in- strument must be set out correctly, even although the pleader need not have set out more than tlie substance of the instrument. — The tenor of these presents (tenore pr^sentiuni), signifies the intent and meaning thereof; as, to do such a thing according to the temir, is to do the same according to the true mtent of the deed or writing. TEN'-PENNY, a. Valued at, or worth tenpence. TEN'SION, Ji. [add.] In electricitij, in- tensity ; the degree to which a body is excited, as estimated by the electrome- ter. It must be distinguished from quan- Uty. — Tlie tension uf a ijas is the degree of pressure it exerts on tlie containing surface. In tliis sense it is synonymous witli ej:pansive force or elastic force, and is measured by the weight wliich is necessary and sufficient to balance its action on a unit of tlie surface, as a square inch. Thus, a gas is said to have a tension of so many lbs. or of so many atmospheres. The tension of a spring is, in like manner, stated in terms of the weight it sustains. TEN'SITY, n. State of being tense; tenseness. TENT, 71. Attention; caution; care. [Scotch.] TENTA€ TJLA, n. plur. Feelers. [See Tentacle.] TENT'ATIYE, «. [add.] An experi- ment. TENT'ATIVELY, adv. In a tentative manner. TENTHKEDIN'ID.E, n. The saw- flies, a family of hymenopterous insects, the caterpillars of which eat leaves. [See Tentiiuedo.] TENTIGINOUS, a. [add.] Producing lasciviousness ; as, a tentiyinous huiuoui', [Swift.] TEST TETEAODON THAXNE TENT'-MaKEK, II. One who makes tents. [Acts.] TENT'-MAKIXG, n. The bnsmess of making tents. TENT-WINE, n. A rich, red, Spanish wine. [See Tent.) TEN'UES, n. ptiir. [L. tenuis, tliin, slender.] A term applied to the three letters of the Greek alphabet k, p, t, in relation to their respective middle let- ters or medials y 6 rf, and their aspirates ch, ph, and th, TENUITY, ». [add.] Simplicity or plainness; a quality of style opposed to grandeur. TEPH'KOlTE, n. [Or. ««.»,-, ash-gray.] A mineral of an ash-gi-ay colour, found in the United States. It is a variety of troosite. TEPHROSIA, n. A genns of legumi- nous plants belonging to the papilion- aceous tribe. T. apollinea, or Egyptian indigo, is a native of Egypt, and jields a fii.e blue dye. Its leaves are often mixed witli Alexandrian senna. TEK'APIX, n. See Terfupis. TERAT If.4L,t a. Marvellous; pro- digious ; incredible. TERCE'LET,+ n. [See Tekcfl] The male hawk; the male ea?le. [Chaucer.] TEREBEL'LA,n.[Dimin. ofL.teretra, a perforating instrument.] In sur., a trepan or trephine. TEREBINTH'INA, n. Turpentine,— which see. TER'ET.t a. Round ; terete. TER'INSjt «. plur. A species of song- birds. [See Tarin.] [Chaucer.] TERM, H. [add.] In termSy plainly; in plain words. TER MAGANTLY, adv. In a turbu- lent or scolding manner. TEKME'LESSE,t a. Termless; unli- mited. [Spejiser.] TERM'INATE,o. Limited; bounded; that comes to an end, or that does not terminate ; as, a terminate decimal. A terminate number is an integer, a mixed number, or a vulgar fraction. [See INTERMIXATE.] TERM'INATORY, a. Bounding; li- miting. TERMITE, n. A white ant. [See Termites] TERMS, n. In law. [See Term.] TERX'ARY, a. [add.] Ternary com- pounds, in chem., combinations of binary compounds witii each other, as of sul- phuric acidwitii soda in Glauber's salt. The term ternartj was applied by Dal- ton to any chemical substance com- posed of three atoms. TER'RA, ;;. [add.] Terra alba, pow- dered gypsum, employed instead of sugar in lozenges. — Terra cariosa, tri- poli or rotten stone. TER'RA €UL TUR.\L,a. 5ee Terra. TERRAS, n. See T.arrace. TERRESTRE,t a. [Fr.] Earthly; terrestrial. [Chaucer.] TERRESTRIAL, o. [add.] Terres- trial magnetism. [See Magsetism] TERRESTRIAL, n. An inhabitant of the earth. TERRES'TRIALXESS, n. State of being terrestrial. TERRI€ OLA, n. [L. terra, the earth, and Colo, to inhabit.] An order of an- nelidans, including the earth-worms and naiads. TERTIUM QUID, instead of TER- TIUM QUID. TE'RY.ta. Full of tears. [Chaucer.] TES'SELITE, n. A mineral ; apophyl- lite. TEST, V. t. [add.] To put to a test ; to ' try ; to bring one to a tri il and exami- nation. TEST,t V. i. To make a will or testa- I ment. TES'TA, n. [add.] A general name for the integuments of a seed. TESTACEL'LA, instead of TESTA- CELLUS. TESTA'CEOrS, a. In bot., brownish I yellow, like that of unglazed brown I earthenware. TEST.iMEN'T'AL, a. Relating to a testament or will ; testamentarv. TESTAMENTARY CAUSES, h. In 1 laic, proceedings in the ecclesiastical I courts relating to the validity of wills of personal property, over which they have exclusive jurisdiction. I TEST'ERES.t «. plur. [Fr. tesHfre] Head-pieces ; armour for the head. ' [Chaucer.] TESTES.t ". J'?";-. [5eeTEST.] Tests; vessels for assaj-ing metals. [Chaucer] TEST'IF.t a. [Fr.] Headstrong; self- ■ willed ; testy. [C/(a«cer.] TESTING, n. [add.] The operation I of trying the strength of anything, as a chain, a tube, a beam, rafter, &c., in order to ascertain whetlier it is suflB- ciently strong to answer the purpose for wliich it is intended. TEST'-OBJEt'TS, n. Minute objects derived sometimes from the animal, but usually from the vegetable king- dom, whereby one is enabled to prove the efficiency of a microscope. The muscular tibre of the mammalia, por- tions of tile eye of fishes, scales of in- sects, and the shells or frustules of the Diatoniacese, are the most approved of. TESTUDIN ID.E, n. The land-tor- toises, a family of chelonian reptiles, distinguished by their highly-arched carapace and short clubbv feet. TETANIf, instead of TETA'Nie. TET'AXUS,!!. [add.] 7e(««!« is farther distinguished into the acute ADdchronic, TETCH,t n. Same as Tache. [Chau- cer.] TETE'-DU-PONT'. [add.] Pron. tate'- du-pong'. TET'RADRA€HM, n. See Teiea- DR-ACHMA. TETRAGONOL'EPIS, n. A remark- able and numerous genus of fossil ganoid tishes, chieriy from the lias strata of Dorsetshire ; so called from their large square scales. TETRA(i'YNOUS,insteadofTETRA- GYNOUS. TETRAL'Ofir, n. [Gr. «.«.». and ;.6^o;, discourse.] The name given to the collection of four dramatic compo- sitions, which was brought forward for exhibition at Athens by competitors for scenic honours. TETRAX THERA, H. A genus of or- namental plants, nat. order Lauraceae. T. Jtoxburghii is a native of the moun- tains of India and China. The fruit yields a kind of greasy exudation, from which the Ciiinese make candles of a bad quality, and which serves as a basis for salves. TETRA'ODON, n. [Gr. Tir... four, and elev;, a tooth.] A genus of bony fishes belonging to the order Plectog- nathi, and family Gymnodontes. The fishes of this genus have the power of inflating themselves into a spherical form by filling with air a large sac con- tained in the abdomen. When thus in- flated they float along the water with their back downwards, the numerous large spines with which they are co- I vered forming a very efticieut means of 1 368 Teutonic Cwss. defence. [See cut in Diet. Globe- Fish.] TETR.\P TERUS, n. A genus of acan- thopterygious fishes, nearly allied to the xiphias, or sword-fish. They in- habit the Jlediterranean. Also, a genus of fossil fishes from the cretaceous and tertiary strata. TET'R.\SPORE, n. Among the abjo!, a term applied to a few angular spores when collected together. Usually there are four spores, whence the name ; but sometimes we find only three, and at other times as many as eight or ten, in which latter case the tetra.spore is some- times said to be compound. TETRAS'TIGH, or TETRASTIC. TETTIGO'NIA, n. A genus of homop- terous insects, known by the name of leaf-hoppers. T. vitis is found in Eu- rope and in the United States. TEUCH,' }"• ''''""Sh. [Scotch.] TEUTo'n'IC, «. The knguage of tlie Teutons. TEUTONIC or IRON PERIOD, n. In archaology, the period from the in- troduction of iron till the advent of Christ. TEDTONTC CROSS, n. In her., pro- perly, a cross potent ; but sometimes called a Teu- tonic crosi- from its having been the original badge assigned by the emperor Henry VI. to the knights of the Teutonic order. TEXT'UEL.t «. [Fr.] A textualist ; one well stored with texts of Scripture. [Chaucer.] TEXT'URE,!!. [add.] Texture of rocks, the mode of aggregation of the mineral substances of wliich rocks are com- posed. It relates to the arrangement of their parts viewed on a smaller scale than that of their structure. [See SxKUCTCKEinthis 5i(i);>.] The texture of simple rocks may be compact, earthy, granular, crystalline, sca'y, lamellar, laminar, fibrotis, or radiated. [See these terms.] The texture of aggregated compound rocks may be compact, earthy, granular, crystalline, slaty, porphyritit:, or amygdalvid. [See these terms.] THACK, n. [add.] Under thach and rape, under thatch and rope ; said of stacks in the barn-yard when they are thatched in for the winter, the thatch being secured with straw-ropes. Hence, metaphorically, under thach and rape means snug and comfortable. [^cotcA.] THACKE,t n. [See Thack.] Thatch. [Chaucer.] TH ACKE,t V. t. To thump ; to thwack. [Chaucer.] laAE, pron. Tliese. [ScoicA.] THAlKM, n. Small gut; catgut; a fiddle-string. [5ee Thak.\i.] [ScoJcA.] THAL.A.MIFLO'KAL,a. In 6o<.,having the stamens arising immediately from below the base of the ovarv. THALASSIOPH YTES,ii. [Gr. ta.>iLcciK, belonging to the sea, and fvnr, a plant.] Sea-piants; a general term applied to the vegetable produc- tions of the ocean, of its rocks, and of its shores ; the same as algce. THAL'MUD, II. See Talmud. THAN, for Th ex. [Shuh. \ THANATOL'OGY, «. [Gr. 0«..r«, death, and Aej-c-, discourse.] A discom'se on death. THANK,t K. Thankfulness; good-will. [Chaucer.] THAN +^'^ J orff. Then. {Oiaucer.] TIIEOPNEUSTIC THERMO-MULTIPLIER THIMBLE-COUPLING THAR,f u. impers. [Sax. tJienrfan, to have need ; Scot. thart?i, from tharf.] It beboveth. [Chmiccr.'] THXll BOROUGH, h. A third bo- rough; a peace-orticer. [.SArtA.] THAT, [add.] That, as a conjunction, signifies because ; noting a consequence; noting indication ; noting a final end. TH.\T, adv. or conj. So; to such a degree ; as, lie is that frail that he canna rise; very; as, no that ill. [Scotch.] THATCH ING-FORK, ) n. An im- THATCH'ING-SPALE,) plement with a forked blade and a cross handle at one end, for thrusting home the stapples of straw in thatching. The blade is usually formed of ash -wood, but sometimes of thin iron. T H A T T E,t pron. or conj. That. [Chaucer.] THAD.MATUR'GieS, n. plur. Feats of magic or legerdemain. TII.iWY, a. Growing liquid; thawing. TUE,t V. t. or i. [Sa.\. thean. See Thee.] To take; to get; to gain; to thrive; to prosper. [Chaucer.] THEANTHKOP'I€AL,«.[SeeTHEAN- THROPisM.] Being both divine and bunian. THE ATINE, n. &e Theatins. THEAVE, ( n. For "An ewe." read A THAVE, ) ewe. THE'BAIN, H. See Tiiebaia. THECADAC'TYLES, instead of THE- CODA€'TYLS. TIIEG LA, ?i. Hair-streak butterflies, a genus of diurnal lepidopterous in- sects, of which a few species are met with in this country. They abound in South America and in India. The hind wing has generally a short tail. THECOS'TOMA, n. See Thecos- TOMES. TH£'DOME,t r,. [Sax.] Thrift; suc- cess. [Chaucer.] YatlK,' }"■ *■ To thatch. [Scotch.] THEEK, n. Thatch. \Scotch.] THEEieiNG, n. Thatch. [Scotch.] TUEFE'LY.t adu. Like a thief [Chau- cer.] THEGITn'ER,arfu. Together. [Scotch.] THEl'NA, n. Same as Theine. THE.ME, n. [add.] An instrument; a mean. [Swift.] THEN, adv. [add.] The time when. By thi;n supper is ended, the gallanlrv of the town pass by. Milton. — But then, but on the other hand ; but notwitlistanding. In tliis case, then serves to introduce a qualitication, mo- dification, limitation, &c., to some posi- tion or concession going before — As a conjunction, then signifies, in that case ; in consequence. THEN-A-DAYS, adv. In those days; a kindred phrase to noiv-a-days, but rarely used. THE'NAK, ji. [Or. Oi.aj.] In anat., the palm of the hand ; also, a muscle ex- tending the thumb. THENNES,t \adv. Thence. [Chau- THENNE.t f cer.] THENNES'FORTH,t adv. Thence- forth. — From thennesforth, from that time forward. [Chancer.] THEOBRO'JIA, n. [add.] A superior preparation of cacao. THEOeHKIST'ie, a. [Gr. e-.a, and x;i'"s.] Anointed by God. THEOFTHE',t ». Tlieft. THEOLOti'ieS, instead of THE OL'- ouies. THEOPNEUSTie, a. [See Theop- NEUSTY.] Given by inspiration of the Spirit of God. THEOREM' ATIST, 7!. One who forms theorems. THE'ORie, instead of THEOR'IC, a. THE'ORIQUE,t n. [Fr.] Theory. I Shah.] THEOSOPHISTI€AL,a. Theosophi- cal. THE'OW, ) n. [Sax.] A slave ; a caii- THEW, ) tive; a bondman. The slaves, captives, or bondmen, among the Saxons, were called theoives and esues. THER.t ade. There; in that place; where. [Chaucer.] THERABOUT'EN,+ adv. Thereabout. [Chaucer.] THERAGAIN',t «*• Against that. [Chaucer.] THERAPEUTICAL, a. Same as TlIEEAPECTIC. THERAPEUTIST, n. One versed in therapeutics. THERAS'.to''"- Whereas. [Otaueer.] THERBEFORNE',t «<*"• Before that. [Chaucer.] THERBY',t adv. By that. [Chaucer.] THERE, adv. [add.] Here by there, here and there. [Spenser.] THEREOUT', adv. Without; out of doors. [Scotch.] THERFOKE',t adv. Therefore; for that. [Chaucer.^ THERFRO '.t adv. From that. [Chau- cer.] THERGAlNE'.t adv. Against that. [Chaucer.] THER'MAL, a. [add.] Thermal rays, rays of heat. — Luminous thermcd rays are those which are combined with Hame, as tlio rays emitted from the sun ; and opaque thermal rays are such as proceed from bodies heated below the point of active combustion. — Ther- ■mal spectrum, a spectrum produced when thermal rays have been trans- mitted through a diathermanous prism. THER'MO-ELEC'TRieS, n. Metallic bodies, which, when combined toge- ther, produce thermo-electricity. THER'JIO-ELECTROM'ETER, n. An instrument for ascertaining the de- flagrating or heating power of an elec- tric current. THERMOM'ETER, n. [add.] The fol- lowing formula} for converting the de- grees of any one of the scales into equivalent degrees of any other, may be substituted for those given in Diet. The 0° of C. and R. being equal to F. 32', the three scales from freezing to boiling point are F. 180°, C. 100°, K. 80° ; or as 9°, 5°, 4° ;— then :— (F.— 32°) X ; = R.;(F.32°) X ; = C; R. X J-|-.'}2° = F.;C. X .! -f 32° = F. ; C. X i = R. ; and R. X | = C. — Magnetic thermr.meter, an apparatus for employing the thermo-electric cur- rent as a measurer of temperature, in cases in whicli other instruments are not sufficiently delicate, or where the temperatures are so very high or so very low, that the ordinary pyrometers and thermometers cannot be relied upon ; or, lastly, in cases in which otlier kinds of apparatus could not be used. The strength of the current generated by the heat in a thermo-battery, measures its temperature, the intensity of tlie cui-rent being estimated by the deflec- tion of a magnetic needle. THERMOMET'Rie, a. Same as ThERX: CM ETHICAL. THER'MO-MULTIPLIER, n. A ther- mo-electric pile, first employed by Mel- loni for detecting changes of tempera- ture. It is greatly more sensitive to 381» variations of temperature than the most delicate thermometer. THER'MOPHONE, n. [Gr. Bt.f^y, heat, and (jaiivi, sound.] An apparatus for pro- ducing sounds from heated bodies. It consists of a metallic body, which is heated, and then laid upon a block of cold lead. The heated body gradually imparts its heat to the lead, and con- tracts its dimensions ; and in doing so, emits musical sounds, until the two bodies acquire the same temperature. THERMOSeOP'ICAL, a. Same as TlIERMOSCOPIC. THERMOT'ICS,;;. Thescieneeofheat. THEROF',t orfu. Of that. [Chaucer.] THERON',t adv. On that. [Chaucer. \ THERTO',t adv. To that. [Chaucer.] THERWITH'.t adv. With that. [Chau- cer.] THBRWITHALL',t adv. With all that. [Chaucer.] THE'TIS, n. [Gr.] In myth., a sea- nymph, who was the mother of Achil- les. — A small planet or asteroid, revolv- ing between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered April 17, 1852, by Luther. THEW'ED,t a. [add.] Possessed of qualifications, or qualities bodily or mental; gifted; endowed. [Chaucer.] — Thewed ill, ill-bred; ill-mannered. [Spenser.] THEWES.t n. pi. See Thews in this Supp. [Chaucer.] THEWS, n. pi. [add.] Manners; morals; accomplishments; habits; qualities. THIBAU'DIA, ?i. A genus of extremely elegant plants, which are objects of great care among gardeners. Nat. order A^accinacea>. THICK,t V. t. To make thick; to thicken. [Shah.] THICK-eoATED, a. Having a thick coat or rind. THICKE,t n. A thicket. [Spenser.] THICIv'-KNEE, n. A genus of birds belonging to the grallatores. It is the genus (Edicnemus of naturalists. One species, the CE. crepitans, is found in the southern parts of the British Islands, where it is called the stune- curlew or Norfolh jtlover. [See cut in Diet. Stone-Plovee.] THICK-LEAVED, a. Having thick or dense foliage. THICK-LIPPED, n. Having thick lips. THICK-NECKED, a. Having a thick neck. THICK'RIBBED, a. [add.] Having thick ribs; strengthened with solid masses, bearing some analogy to ribs. THICK-SHELLED, a. Having a thick shell. THID'ER.t adv. Thither; to that place. [Chaucer.] THID'ERWARD,t adv. Thitherward ; toward that place. [Chaucer.] THIG'GEKS, n. Mannerly beggars that ask a benevolence, not an alms. [See Tmo.] [Scotch.] THIG'GING, ppr. Going round col- lecting benevolences; genteel begging. [Scotch.] THILKE,t a. [Sax. thillice.] The ilk, or that ilk ; this same ; that same. [Chaucer. | THIMBLE-BERRY, n. In the United Stales; a name for the black rasp- berry. THIMBLE-COUPLING, n. In mill- worh, a kind of permanent coupling, of which the coupling-box consists of a plain ring of metal, supposed to re- semble a tailors thimble, bored to fit tlie two connected ends of the shafts. THRALL THKIYIXG THTLACINrS as depicted in the annexed figure. The connection is secured either by pins, parsed through the ends of the shafts Thimb]e.<«upUng. and the thinilile, as shown in the figure, or by a parallel key or feather, bedded in the boss-ends of the shafts, and let into a corresponding groove cut in the thimble. This last is now the njore common mode of fitting. This kind of coupling is also known under the names of rina-coiipUnn and jump-couplinrt. THIM'BLE-WEED, «. In the United StateSy the popular name of a plant of the genus Kudbeckia. It is a tall plant, resembling the sunflower, and is used in medicine for its diuretic and tonic properties. I THING, n. [add.] Ant/ thing, used ad- \ verbially, to signify in any degree ; at all. j Sitter? give us notice when r gentleman goes ' by ; esjiecinliy if lie be mty thing in drink. 1 Strifl I — Tilings, in late, are the subjects of dominion or property, as contradistin- guished from persons. They are dis- tributed into two kinds : things real, comprehending lands, tenements, and hereditaments; and things pei'sonai, comprehending goods and chattels. THIXKE.t V. i. or (. To thmk ; to con- sider. [CJtaucer.'] TUlNNE,t a. Thin; slender; small. [Chaucer] THIS'-OUT, n. In geoI.,the extension, gradual diminution in thickness, and final disappearance of strata or layers. [See Thin.] THIN'-SHELLED, a. Having a thin shell. THIRD, for Tiibeap. [Shak.] THIRDS, n. In -Veic England, the third part of the estate of a deceased hus- band, which, by law, the widow is en- titled to enjoy during her life. It corresponds t^t the terce in Scots law. THIRLE.t c. (. AecTiiiBL. [Chaucer.] THlS'TLY.a. [add. J Figuratively, pun- gent : keen ; painful ; as, thistly sorrow. THO,t«rfi'. Then. [5j)e)wer.] THO.t for Those. The. \Chaucer.'] THOL'ED, pp. Suffered; endured. [Scotch.] THoLE-PIX, n. Same as Thole,— vliich see. THO'LUS, n. See Thole. THOOM, n. Thumb. [^cofcA.] THORE, for Theke. [Chaucer.] THORN'-BACK.n. [add.] Also, a large species of crab, the Maia squinado, found in our seas and in the Mediter- ranean, and so named from the spines with \\ hich its carapace is roughened. This species is sometimes figured on ancient coins. THOR OLGH-LIGHTED, a. Lighted on all sides. — In arch., a term applied to a room which has windows on opposite sides. THOUGH, V. i. [add] Though is, by grammarians, usually classed among the conjunctions, and signifies grant : admit; allow; if; notwithstanding that; al- thou:;h. THOUGHT, 71. [add.] Second thought, maturer reflection; after consideration. THOUGHT EX,t (thaut'en.) pret. pi. of Think. [Chaucer.] THRALL,t 1-. t. [add.] To deprive of liberty. [Spe/iser.] THR.iLL.t f. '• for Thrill. To pierce. [.Spenser.] TURALLE,t I', t. To enslave. [Chau- cer.] THR.A'NITE, instead of THRAN'- ITE. THRASTE.t pret. of Threste {Thrust). Thrust. [Chaucer.] THR.4.W, n. [add] Heads and throws, lying side by side; the feet of the one bv the head of the other. [5co/(,7i.] THRAW -€ROOK, h. A portable in- strument, consisting of a crank and frame, used for twisting straw-ropes, &c. [6'cofc/i.] THRAW ING, i)p. Twisting; thwart- ing. [5co(c/i.[ THREAD -L.\CE, n. Lace made of thread. THRE.AD-WORM, n. A genus of en- tozoa, shaped like a thread. Many insects are infested by them, and a species of the same genus which at- tacks man, is the Guinea-worm {Filaria medinensis).Vi\nv\x are sometimes found on trees, and on the ground, having been ejected in most cases by insects. When put in water they increase much in length and bulk. THREAS UKE,t ". Treasure. [Spen- ser.] _ THREAVE.t". -Aherd. [5ecTHRAVE.] THUED.t n. A thread.— TArai/iort-, having the threads bare, the nap being worn awav. [Chaucer.] THREE -CLEFT, instead of THREE- fLEFT'. THREE'-EDGED, instead of THREE- EDGED. THREE-LEGGED, a. Having three le;rs. [Shah.] THREE -NOOKED. a. Having three angles or nooks. [6"A«A.] THREEP, V. t. See Thre.vp. THREEP. n. Accusation; threat; per- tinacious affirmation. — An auld threep, a superstition obstinately persisted in of old. [5co^c/(.1 THREE -KlBBED.instead of THREE- RIBBED. THRE'MOTE,t for Three Mote. Three blasts on a huntsman's horn. [■'re(.of77irinj(e.Siiuee2ed; thrush [CAaucer.] THROPES.t for Thorpes, ti pt. Til- lages. [CAawfer.l THROSTEL,t n.'The throstle, orsong- thrush. [Chaucer.] THROS TLE-SPINNING, n. The act of spinning with the throstle-spindle. THROUGH'-STANE, n. X flat grave- stone. [Sax. thruh, ihurrue, a grave or coffin.] [5(*o^cA.] THROW.t H. [Sax. thrah; Icelan. thrauge.] Time ; a little while ; a trice. — Any ^Aroir, any space of time. — Many a throw, many times. [CAaiicer.] THRUM, a. Made of thrums; coarse. [6-AaA.] THRUM, f. t. [add.] To thrum o'er, to tell over in a tiresome manner. [Scutch. | THRU.MMED-MAT, n. In seamen's Ian., a mat, or piece of canvas, with short strands of yarn stuck through IE, in order to make a rough surface. It is used in a vessel's rigging about any part, to prevent chafing. THRUSH -LICHEN, n. .A plant, the Peltidea ai»AtAo.«rt,whichgrow5on moist alpine rocks. The SweUes boil it in milk, as a cure for aphthtB. THURSTiU"- ™^^- ['^'""^"•J THUrItY t) "■ '^''''^''■- [CAaiicer.] THRYSE,t 'adv. Thrice; three times.— Golden wire was not so yellow thrice, golden wire was not a third part so yel- low. [S;'£/)*er.] The profession or practice of the Thugs. [See TniG.] THUMB'lEKINS. In. Thumb-screws THUMB IKINS, j" for torture. [ScofcA.] [See cut in Diet. Thimb- SCREW. I THDJIB'S'-BREADTH, n. The width of the thumb ; an inch. THUN DER-FISH, 7i. A species offish of the family Silaridse, found in the Nile, which, like the torpedo, can give an electric shock. The Arabs call it raasch. It is the ilalaptcrurus elec- fricus of naturalists. THUNDEROUS, a. [add.] Loud as thunder; as, thunderous waves. THURGH,+ prep. [Sax. thurh.] Through ; by means of. [CAowcer.] THURGH FARE.t ti. A passage; a thoroughfare. [C'Aawccr.] THURGHOUT',t i>rei>. Throughout; quite through. [Chaucer.] THUR'ROK.t n. [Qu., Sax. (Ahttk*, a grave or coUin.] "The hold of a ship. [Chaucer.] THUY'TES, 71. A genus of fossil coni- ferous plants from the oolite of Stones- field, and other localities. THWART LY, adv. AVith opposition; crosslv ; angrily ; perversely. THWIT'EL.t 7.. [Sax.] A whittle; a knife. [Chaucer.] THWIT TEN,t pp. of rAiciVe. Chipped with a knife; whittled. [Chaucer.] THYLACINUS, ti. [Gr. Cv>.«l a pouch, and xv»r,a dog.]--i genus of marsupial ani- mals, distinguished from the opossums THUGGEE , ■) 71. THUGGISM, y pr THUG'GERY.) [i TIER TIMALIA TIPPENCES by the bind feet having no thumb, by the imiry and not prehensile tail, and two incisors less to each jaw. Only one ! Thjl; existing species is known, a native of Van Dienien's Land, where it is called the do'j-faced npossitm, or the hyena. It is nocturnal in its habits. THYME, 11. [add.] Cat-tlvme, an aro- matic plant of the genus Teucrium, the T. mantm, which grows in the basin of the Mediterranean. THYJIE'I.E. n. The skippers, a genus of diurnal lepidopterous insects belonging to the family Hesperiadae. TIIY'KEO. '[Gr. e»j.«, a shield.] In an«^,names compounded with this word refer to parts attached to the thyroid or shield-like cartilage of the larynx ; as, fhi/reo-hi/oideiis, a muscle arising from the thyroid cartilage, and inserted into the os- hyoicleus. It brings the lar- ynx and hyoid bone toward each other. TUYEOID'E.\L, a. Relating to the thyroid gland or cartilage. TIIYSANOU'RANS, THYSANOU'- RA, instead of TllYSANU'RANS, THYSANU RA. TI€, n. See Tic Dolooretjx. TICE'MENT.t n. Allurement; entice- ment. TICK'-BITE, n. Infestment of the skin by the acarus or tick. TICK'LE, a. [add.] Ticklish ; uncertain. \Spenser.] TICK'LER, n. [add.] Something that puzzles or perplexes. [CoUoquial.] — In the United States, a common name among merchants and bankers for a book in which a register of notes or debts is kept for reference. TI€0'REA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Rutaceic. T. jasminiflora is a shrub from seven to eight feet high, a native of Rio Janeiro. A decoction of the leaves is drank by the Brazilians as a cure for frambossia. The bark of T. febrifitrfa is intensely bitter, astringent, and is regarded as a febrifuge in Brazil. TIDDE.t PP- of Tide. Happened. [Chau- cer.] TIDE.t V. i. [add.] To happen. [Chau- cer] TIDE-HARBOUR, n. Same as Tidal Harbour, — which .tee. TIDE'-RODE, a. The situation of a vessel at anclior when she swings by the force of the tide. [See Wind-Rode.] TIDTFE.t n. A bird; the titmouse. [Chaucer.] TIDY, V. t. [add.] To tidy a room, or iidii up a room, to make it neat and clean, and to put everything in proper order. [Familiar.] TI'DY, n. A piece of knit-work, cro- chet-work, or ta cloth, to throw over the back of a chair, sofa, &e., to keep them clean. — 2. A work-bag; a pinafore. [Local.] TIE, 71. [add.] In seamen's Ian. [See TvE.] TIENDS, n. Tithes. [See Teinds.] [Scotrh.] Tl'EI{,n. One that ties. — 2. A pinafore or tidy. [Local.] II. — Supi". TIG, V. t. To twitch ; to give a slight stroke to. [Scotch. \ TIG, n. A twitch; a tap; a pet; a fit of sullen humour. [Scotch.] TIGER, n. [add.] Said to be from an Armenian word meaning an arrow, on account of the velocity with which the animal, as it were, shoots himself on his prey. The Tigris obtains its name from the same root, on account of its velocitv. TIGER-BEETLES, n. A name given to coleopterous insects belonging to the family Cicindelidae, and containing the genera Cicindela,Megacephala,&c. They are so named from their ferocity. Tliey are armed with long sharp mandibles. TIGER'S-FOOT, n [add.] The Ii)om- osa pcs-iigridis, an East Indian plant. TIGIIT.t pret. of Tie. Tied. [Spenser.] TIGHT, a. [add.] TiuU match, a close or even match, as of two persons w-rest- ling or running together ; and hence a difficultv. \ American.] TIGHT.'t The oU pret. of Tic. [Spen- ser.] TIGHT,t f. (. To make tight ; to tighten. TIGHTLY, arfi). [add.] Briskly; cleverly. \Shah.] TIGRISO'MA, n. The tiger-bittern, a subgenus of bitterns found in South Anierica,and so named from their colour T.ger-bittern, Tigrosoma tigriiiit. being dark reddish brown, barred and marked with black, somewhat like a tiger. [See Tioeb-Bittekn.] TIK'EL.t a. \See Tickle.] Ticklish; uncertain. [Chaucer.] TIL, n. A plant. [See Teel in this Supp.] TIL.t prep. [Sax.] lo.— Hire-til, to her. [Chaucer.] TIL'BURGU, n. SameasTiLBunr. The name is derived from a coach-builder of the name of Tilbury, who first made the vehicle. [&e Tilel'RV.] TILL, prep. To. [Scotch.] TIL'LEK-HEAD, n. In mar. Ian., the extremity of the tiller, to which the tiller rope or chain is attached. TIL'LIE-WAL'LIE, n. Eiddle-faddle. [See Tili.v-Fallv.] [Scotch.] TILLY-SEED, n. A plant, the Croton pavana, possessing properties similar to those of the Croton tiqlium. TILT'-HAM.MER, n. [add.] The form of tilt-iiaminer depicted in the Diet. is rapidly being superseded by the steam-tilt. TILT'ING-HELMET, n. A large hel- met sometimes worn over the other at tournaments. TILT'-UP, \n. In the United States,the TIP'-UP, ) popular name of the sand- piper. TI.MA'LIA, n. A genus of birds belong- ing to the thrush familv, found in the SOI groves and small woods of Java. The feathers are peculiarly long and soft. TIMAR'CHA, n. A genus of coleop- terous insects, allied to Ciirysomela. T. IcBvigata, a British species, is known by the name of liloodu-Jinse beetie. It frequents woods, turf, and low herb- age. Most of the species are of a dark colour. TIM BER AND ROOM. See Berth and Space in this Snpp. TIM'BER-LODE, n. In feudal law, a eervice by which tenants were to carry timber felled, from the woods to the lord's house. TlMB'ESTERE,t ". [Qu. from Ti.M- BRCL.] A woman who performed on the timbrel or tambourine. [Chaucer.] TIJIBOURINE', n. AW- Tauboubixe. TIMBRE, n. [Fr.] The clapper of a bell; the sound of a bell; the voice. — Timbre of musical sounds, the quality of musical sounds. TIMBRES,! »• P'«''- [Fr-] Timbrels. [Chaucer.] TIME, n. [add.] Tune. tShah.] TIME ABOUT, adv. Alternately. [Scotch.] TIMEN'OGUY, n. In a ship-ofwar, a rope made fast to the stock of the waist- anchor, to keep the tacks and sheets from fouling on the stock. It is also used for several other purposes. TI.ME'OUS, a. Timely ; seasonable. TIMTDOUS,ta. [L. timidus.] Timid; fearful ; faint-hearted. TIM'ORSO.ME, a. Timid; timorous. [Provincial.] TIM-WHISKEY, n. A low, heavy one- horse chaise. [See Whisky.] TIN'AMON, n. In Diet., for " TIN'A- MON," read TIN'AMOU. TIlSf-t'AN'ISTER, n. A canister made of tin. T I N € T,t pp. Tinctured ; dyed, or stained. [Spenser.] TINCTURA, n. [L.] A tincture. TIND,tPJ'. of Tine or Teen. Kindled; excited. [Spenser.] TIN 'DAL, n. In the East Indies, a boatswains mate ; also, the master or coxswain of the large pier or bunder boats which ply in the harbour of Bom- bay. TINEI'D-^, n. A family of nocturnal lepidopterous insects, consisting of small moths, some of which infest woollen cloths and furs, upon which their larvae feed. [See Tinea] TINE'WALD, n. [t^ax.] The ancient parliament or annual convention of the people in the Isle of Man. TINK'EK, n. In New England, a popu- lar name for small mackerel. TINK'ERMEN, ». Fishermen who de- stroyed the young fry in the river Thames by nets and unlawful engines. TIN'KLE, n. . Clink ; a small, quick, sharp noise, as that produced by a small bell, when struck gently. TIX'KLING, n. [add.] .V bird of the starling family, common in Jamaica. It is the Quiscalus crassirostris. Like other birds of the family, it frequently rids domestic cattle of their insect parasites. The bird is called tinhlimj, from its peculiar vociferous note. TI'NY, instead of TIN'Y. TIP, V. t. [add.] To tip up, to raise up one end of anything, as of a cart, so that the contents may pass out. [Local.] TIP'ET,t n. A tippet. [Chaucer.] TIP'PED, lip. [add.] Headed; covered at the tip, or top. T 1 P'P E N C E S, n. Twopenny pieces. [Scotch.] 8 X TOCHEKLESS TOXICITY TOPPER TIPPEXNY, n. Ale at twopence a quart. [Scotch] TIPTOON.t 1. Ji?vJ-. Tiptoes; the ex- tremities of the toes. {Chaucer.] TIP'-TOP, a. First-rate; excellent or perfect in the liighest decree. [Colloq.] TIRE,t r. !. [add.] To fasten ; to fix the talons ; to peck. fFr. /;>cr.] TIRED, ;ip. [add.] Satiated; glutted; caparisoned; attired. [5AaA.] TIK'ING.t Pl>r. Attiring. [Shah.] TIRLIE-WIRLIE, n. A whirligig; an ornament consisting of a number of intervolved lines. — Tirlie-icirlie holes, intricate holes. [Scotch.] TIR'LING, ppr. Digging up; uncover- ing; twirling. — Tirling at the door- pin, twirling the handle of the latch. [Scotch.] TIS'ICKT.fa. Consumptive : phthisical. TIS'SUE, V. [add.l Reticular tissue, in anaf., a variety of the cellular tissue, in which tlie cells are larger, and the laminte or filires with which they are bounded, much thinner and more deli- cate. — Compact tissue, a tissue formed by fibres phiced so close together as to leave no intervals. It exists at the sur- face of bones. — Adventitious or acci- dental tissue, a morbid production in general, resembling any of the natural tissues of the body. TIS'SUE, n. [add.] A ribband. [Chau- cer.] TIT, «. [add.] A bit; a morsel. [See TiD-BiT.] [Provincial.] TI TAX, n. A calcareous earth; titanite. — 2. A metal; titanium. TITANIC, instead of TITA'NIC. TITAKIF'EROUS, a. [add.] r,7fl«i- ferous ceriie, a mineral of a blackish brown colour, found on the Cororaan- del coast. It consists of the oxides of cerium, iron, manganese, and titanium. TITAN-SHORL, n. Native oxide of titanium. TITA'KDS, n. A genus of longicorn coleoptera, found in South America. It contains the largest species of the familv, the T. giganteus. TITE.t forTiDETH. Happeneth. [Chau- cer.] TITERIXG.t n. [Sax.] Courtship. [Chaucer.] TIT-FOR-TAT. Exact retaliation; a fair equivalent. [Scotch.] TITILLATIVE, a. Tending to titillate or tickle. TrTLELES,+ a. Without title. [Chau- cer.] TIT TER, V. i. To ride on each end of a balanced plank ; to see-saw. [See Teetf.r in this Supp.] TITTIE, ) H. The infantine and en- TIT'TY, ) dearing manner of pro- nouncing sister. [Scotch.] TOAD'-SPIT, 71. A frothy excretion on plants. Same as Ccckoo-Spit, — ichich see. TOAD-SPOTTED, a. Spotted like a toad. To.\D'y, 71. [add.] A base sycophant ; a flatterer; a rustic woman in con- tempt. [Colloquial or vulgar.] TOBACCO, n. [add.] Indian tobacco. Lobelia infiata, a plant cultivated in the United States. It is used in medi- cine as an expectorant and diaphoretic, but it must be administered in small doses, as it is very poisonous. — Moun- tain-tobacco, tlie Arnica nwntuna, which grows in alpine meadows. It is acrid, nauseous, emetic, causes constipation, and is used in medicine. TOCIIERLESS, a. Portionless; as, a tocherleas lass. [Scotch.] TODDE,+ 71. [See Tod.] A bosh. [Spenser.] TODD'LING, ;>;>r. Waddling as child- ren do; walking with short steps; in a tottering manner. [Scotch.] TODID.E, 71. The todies, a family of insectivorous passerine birds, iRdigen- ous in America. There are only two or three species known. Tliey are short- winged, and perch patiently on trees till an insect comes within their range. Thev burrow in the earth to breed. TODUS, 77. A genus of bu-ds. [See Tonv.] TOFuKE',t \prep. Before. [Oiau- TOFOR'EN.t ) cer.] TOFT'JIAN, 71. The owner or posses- sor of a toft. TOGITH'ERS.tadc. Together. [Oiaii- cer.] TOKENLESS, a. Without any token. TOLERABLE, a. [add.] Excusable; pardonable ; sutlerable. TOLL, 71. [add.] A liberty to buy and sell within the precincts of the manor. TOLL, r. /. [add.] To toll an eniry, in law, to deny and take away the right of entry. TOLL'AfiE, 71. [add.] Toll; payment of toll. TuLL-CORN, 71. Corn taken at a mill in pavment for grinding. TOLL'-HOP, n. A toll-dish. TOM'AHAWK, n. [add.] In mar. Ian., a name given to the pole-axe, — ichich see. TOM.\N', Iti. a Persian gold coin, TOM.\UN', ( varying in its value ac- cording to locality, or the temporary necessities of the government. At some places and times it is worth only fifteen or even twelve shillings sterling ; wliile at others, particul.irly in Khorassan, it rises as high as from thirty to thirty- five shillings. TOilBESTERE.t 7i. plur. Tomb'es- ieres. [Sax. tumbion, to dance.] A dancing woman. [Chaucer.] TOMEDES.t for To meo'es. For re- ward; in return. [5ee JIeed.] [Chau- cer.] TO ■ MIN, 77. Among jewellers, a weight of twelve grains. TO-MOR ROW, adv. On the next day coming, TOM -POKER,n..A bugbear to frighten children. [Local.] TOMT, 71. [Sw.] A kind of domestic fairy, or hobgoblin, in Scandinavia. The toniter are similar, in their imputed habits, functions, and predilections, to the brotfnies of Scotland. TOXE,t 11. plur. [Sax.] Toes, [Chau- cer.] TONGS, 71. A name given to pantaloons and roundabouts, formerly in use in New England. TONGUE, 71. [add.] The English lan- guage, [S/inA,] TONGUE, V. t. [add.] To divulge; to proclaim as guilty ; to brand publicly. [Shah.] TONGUING, 71. .Among ship-builders, the operation of fitting tlie tapered end of one piece of timber into the end of another piece, which is forked to re- ceive it; used chiefly for the purpose of lengthening masts. TONICITY, 71. [add.] In p7i.'/s., a pro- perty of tiie muscles distinct from the true irritability, and which determines the general tone of tlie solids. In virtue of this power, the dilattu's of the larynx keep this orijan open ; the face is kept symmetrical ; the sphinctei's kept clos- ed, kc. 392 TONE A- BE AN, n. See TosQUis- Bean-. TONNE,t 71. A tun.— ro7i?ie-!7r«<, of the size of a tun. [Chaucer.] TO'NOUS, a. Full of tone or sovmd; sonorous, TONQL'INESE', n A native or natives of Tonquin, TON TINE, a. Relating to a tontine; built by subscription with the benefit of survivorship, as tontine houses. TOO, adv. [add.] Too fine, too full of finesse. [SAaA.] — Too late a wech, somewhat too late. [Shah.] TOOK,t;>p. Taken. [Shah.] TOOK OF DRUM. Tuck of drum. [Scotch] TOOL'-JIAKER, 71. One who makes tools or instruments. TOON, 71. Town. [Sco(cA.] TOOS.t ». Ji?'"-. Toes. [Chaucer.] TOOTH, 71. [add.] To set the teeth on edje, to cause a tingling or grating sen- sation in the teeth. [See Tooth-Edge.] TOOTH ACHE-GK.^SS, 71. The .Voiio- cera aromatica, a singular kind of grass which grows in Florida. It affects the breath and milk of cows, and the root affects the salivary glands. TOOTHED WHEELS, «. Wheels which are made to act upon, or drive one another, by having the surface of each indented with teeth, which fit into each other. [See Teeth. Wheel.] TOOTH'-R.\SH, 71. A cut.aneous dis- ease peculiar to infants, which occurs during the process of dentition. TOOTH -SHELL, 71. [add.] The species of the genus Dentalium are so called ; they are animal feeders, devouring fora- minifera and minute bivalves. TOOTING,t ppr. [See Toot, c, i,] Peeping, [Siieiijrfi-,] TOP, 11, [add.] Top and butt, in ship- building, a method of working long tapering planks, by laying their broad and narrow ends alternately fore and aft, lining a piece otf every broad end the whole length of the shifting. It is adopted principally for ceiling. — In ex- planation of cut, instead of '• Coward holes," read Lubber's holes. TOP, V. t. [add.] To top up a yard or a boom, &.C., to raise one end of it by hoisting on the lift, TOP'-AN'NUAL, ii. In Scots law, an annual rent out of a house built in a burgh, TOP-BRnr, 71. Instead of "the space in the middle of the foot of a topsail," insert. In shii>s, the forepart of the top. TOPE, 11. In Indian antiquilies, a solid hemispherical building, greatly varying in size, dedicated either to the celestial Buddha, the great First Cause, or to one of his mortal emanations, and fre- quently containing bone relics. Topes are often placed in groups, and are sometimes called dagobahs. TOPH.\CEOUS, «. [add.] Aterm fre- quently applied to cartilaginous bodies found in the lungs, resembling stone. TOP -KNOT, 71 [add.] A species of flat-fish of the genus Pleuronectes. TOP-LIGHT, 11, Same as Top-Las- TERX. TOP'-LINING, 11 In ships, the lining on the after-part of the topsail, to pre- vent tlie top-brim from chafing the topsail. TOP -MAUL, 71. A maul kept in a ship s top, for driving out and in the fid. TOPOGRAPHIST, 71. Same as Topo- grapher. TOP PER, 71. One who excels; any- thing superior. [Local] TOKTRICIDiE TOURBILLION TRACHENCHYMA TOPPING-LIFT, n. [add.] Dmit fop- ping-tii'l, a rope made fast to the outer end of a davit, and rove througli a block made fast to a vessel's mast aloft, with a tackle attached. It assists in keep- ing the anchor clear of the rail, when bringing it on board to be stowed on deck. TOPPLE, tI.^ To throw down. [S/in/i.] TOP'-PROUD, a. Proud in the highest degree. [Shah.] TOP'-UIM, n. In ships, a thin piece of board bent round a vessel's top, giving it a finish, and covering in the ends of the cross-trees, and trestle-trees, in or- der to prevent the topsail from being chafed. TOP'-SHELLS, H. The various species of the genus Turbo. TOP'-TIMBERS, n. In ships, the tim- ber above each of the first futtocks, is called the fop-tiinbcr or four/ top-timba', and that above each of the second fut- tocks, a short top-timber or lenijthadno- piece. — Top-timber line, or top-breadlh line, in ship-buihlintj, a curve describing the height of the top-timbers, which gives the sheer of the vessel. TOR'ETTES.t) ". plur. [Fr. touret.-] TOR'ETES,t ) Rings, such as those by which a hawk's lune or leash was fastened to the jesses. [Chaucer.'] TOR'GOeH, n. A species of lake-trout found in alpine lakes in this country. It is the Salmo salvelimts. TOKJIENT'RESS, h. A female who torments. TORNATEL'LA, n. A genus of mol- lusca belonging to the Turbin:e. Most of the species are found on the shores of the Indian Ocean and Senegal ; but one species, T. fasciata, inhabits our own coasts. Several fossil species oc- cur in the London clay, and inferior oolite. TORNE.t "■ t- To turn. [Chaucer.] TORN'ED.tw. Turned. [Chaucer.] TORNOG'RAPUY.H. [From tornado, and Gr. >-^«?w, to describe.] A descrip- tion of tornadoes or whirlwind hurri canes. TOR'PITUDE,t n. State of being tor- pid ; torpidity. TORQUE, ,1. (tork) [Fr.] A banda.ge for the head ; a collar or neck-chain. [See Torques.] TOR'RELITE, n. [Named from Dr. Torreif.] A red mineral from New Jer- sey, consisting principally of silica, iron, and lime. TOKRID'ITY.f «. State of being torrid. TOR'ROCK, In. A bird of the tern TIR'ROCK, / kind; the common tern (Sterna Jiirundo). TOKT,t a. Stretched as a rope; taught. TORTE.t n. [See Tokt.] Injury or wrong. [Spenser.] TORTieOL'LIS, «. [L. torqueo, to twist, and coUum, the neck.] The dis- order called wnj-nech. TORTIL'ITY, n. Tlie state of being tortile or wreathed. [Lit. us.] TOR'TION, n. [add.] [See Toksion.] TOR'TOISE- BEETLES, n. An ex- tensive family of coleopterous insects (Cassididtie), living upon plants, and so called from their elytra projecting over the body somewhat like the carapace of a tortoise. Many hundred species are known, a few of which are found in this country. TORTRIC'ID^, n. A family of heter- ocerous lepidoptera, named from the genus Tortrix. It comprises an exten- sive group of minute, generally dull coloured moths, distinguished by their broad entire fore-wings, which form a triangle with the body when at rest. The larvie are often very destructive to fruit. TORTRIX, n. [L. torqueo, to turn or twist.] A genus of lepidopterous in- sects, the type of the family Tortricidio. The T. poinonana, or apple-moth, in the larva state, feeds on the pulpy sub- stance of tlce apple and plum. T. viri- dana feeds on the leaves of the oak; and T. vitana, in the larva state, attacks the leaves of the vines in France, rolling them up and fastening them together with threads. TORTURABLE, a. Capable of being tortured. TOR'ULOUS, instead of TORULOUS. TOSS, V. t. [add.] To toss ui>on a pike; as, soldiers good enough to toss. [Slink.] TOT, n. A small drinking-cup, holding about half-a-pint. [Local.] TO'TAL, a. [add.] Perpetual ; without interval ; as, a total retreat. [Atter- bur}f.] TO'TALIZE, instead of TOTALIZE. Misplaced : see after Totalness. ToTE,t V. i. \See Toot.] To look; to observe ; to peep. TOTE'LER,t n. [Ice. taut, a murmur; a -whisper.] A whisperer. [Chaucer.] TOT'IDEM VERBIS, instead of TOT'IDE.M VER'BIS. TO'TIES QUOTIES, instead of TO- TIES QUOTIES. TOTlPRESENCE,t ". Total pre- sence ; omnipresence. TOTIPRES'ENT.t a. Omnipresent. TOT'TED, a. A good debt to the king was, by the foreign apposer or officer in the exchequer, formerly noted for such by writing the word tot before it (tot pecuniae reiji dcbitur, so much money is due to the king). Hence, such debts were said to be totted. TOTTER, v. t. To shake out of a steady position. [Shah.] TOT'TIE.fa. [See Totter.] Tottery; wavering; unsteady. [Spenser.] TOT'TY,ta. [From totter.] Unsteady; dizzy. [Chaucer.] TOU, Thou. [Scotch.] TOU'C.4NG, n. A kind of boat, much used at Malacca and Singapore, pro- pelled either by oar or sail; speedy, rather flat in the centre, but sharp at the extremities. TOUCH, n. [add.] Touchstone. [Shah.] TOUCH'-BOX, n. A receptacle for lighted tinder, formerly carried by sol- diers who used matchlocks, the match being lighted at it. TOUCH-PAN, n. The pan of a gun that holds the priming. TOUCH'-WOOD, n. [add.] A fungous plant, the Pohjporus irjniarius ; also called hard-amadou or spunh. TOUGH, a. [add.] Difficult; stubborn ; unmanageable. — The phrase to make it tough, is frequently used by early writ- ers, and signifies generally, to make it difficult; or, to take great pains with any matter; to treat an insignificant task or matter with as much care as if it were of great importance. [Chaucer.] TOUGHT,t a. (tout.) Tight. | Oiawccr.] TOUP, n. A three-masted Malay lug- ger-boat, 50 to UO feet long, and 10 to 12 feet broad, and about as nuich deep. It sails well, and carries a large cargo. toupet!) ['"''^•J ^™"- ^°°-'^^'- TOUR, n. [add.] Pron. toor. TOURBIL'LION, instead of TOUR- BILL'ON. Pron. toorbil'-yon. [add.] 3^3 An ornamental fire-work, which turns round when in the air, so as to present the appearance of a scroll of fire. TOURN, instead of TOURN. Pron. turn. TOUR'NET, for Touret'te. A turret or small tower. [Chaucer.] TOURNOIS. [add.] Pron. toor-nwa'. TOUSE, i-. t. [add.] To drag; to dis- order the h.air ; to tousle. [Vulgar.] TOUSE, V. i. To tear; to rave. TOUSE, n. [add.] A pull; a haul; a seizure. TOUSTIE, a. Testy. [Scotch.] TOUT, n. A pet; a hufi-'; a fit of ill humour; a copious draught; the sound of a horn. [Scotch.] TOUT, f. i. To pout; to be seized with a sudden fit of ill humour. [Scotch.] TOUTER, n. See Tout. TOUT'IE, a. Haughty; irascible; bad tempered. [Scotch.] TOUZ'LE, V. t. See Tousle. TOUZ'LED, pp. In disorder; rumpled; dishevelled, as the hair. — Touzled out, turned out in a confused way ; ran- sacked. [Scotch.] TO\V,t n. [Sax. toh.] Tough. TOW, n. A rope. [Scotch.] TOW'AIL.t n. [Fr. touaille.] A towel. [Chaucer.] TO'WARD, 1 jirep. [add.] About; on TO'WARDS, ) the approach of; in re- gard to time ; as, toward three o'clock. TO'WARDES,t prep. Towards. [Chaucer.] TO\V'EL,t ». for Tewel. A pipe ; the fundament. [Chaucer.] TOWING-P.VTH, n. See Tow-Path. TOWING - TIMBER, )«. A strong TOWING - POST, ) piece of tim- ber fixed in a steam-vessel, to which a tow-rope may be made fast wlien re- quired. TOWN, ) w. A town; any inhabited TOUN, ( place; a single dwelling- house; a farm-steading. [Scotch.] TOWY, a. Containing or resembling tow. TOXOL'OUY, 11. A burlesque term for intoxication. TOXOPll'ILITE, instead of TOXO'- PHILITE, 11. TOXOPll'ILITE, instead of TOXO'- PHILITE, a. TOXOPHILIT'IC.instead of TOXO- PHILI'Tie. TOY'FUL, rt. [add.] Full of dalliance. TOY'-j'iUTCH, 111. A close linen or TOY, j woollen cap, with- out lace, frill, or border, and witli flaps covering the neck and part of tlie shoulders,worn by old women. [Scotch.] TRACE, 11. [add.] A path; a train. [Chaucer.] TRACE, V. t. [add.] To trace up, in sea- men's Ian., to haul up and make fast anything as a temporary security. [See Trise.] TRACE,f V. i. To walk ; to travel. TRACIIEA'TA, n. See Tracheahies. TRACHEI TIS, n. See Tbachitis. TRACHEL'IDES, n. See Tracheli- DANS. TRACHE'LO. [Or. i8«x'.'«. t'le neck.] Trachelo-mastoideus, a muscle situated on the neclc, which assists the com- plexus, but pulls the head more to one side.— Trachclo-scapulur, the designa- tion of certain veins which have their origin near the neck and shoulder, and contribute to form the external jugular vein. TRACllEN'CHYJIA, n. [Gr. rs^x"', and ijiuu, to pour in.] In bot., the vas- culai- tissue of plants, which consists of TRA5IMEL TRAP-DOOR SPIDERS TREATING Epiral vessels, resemblins the trochees of insects. TRA'€HTL1TE, n. A mineral sub- stance resembling: obsidian. TRACT, n. [add.] Motor tract, in anat., a name given to the prolongation of the corpora pt/ramidalia, through the pons varolii into the crura cerebri. —Optic tract, the elongation of the optic thala- mus, which is continued on each side to form the optic nerve. — Respiratory tract, a narrow white band which de- scends along the side of the medulla oblongata, at the bottom of the lateral sulcus. TU.-V€TA'TOR, n. A writer of tracts ; a tractariau. TK.iC'TUS, n. [L.] In anat. [See Tbact in this Sitpp.] TR.A.DE, n. [add.] Habitual course; path trodden. [5AaA.J TRADE, n. [See Teead.] Footsteps; track. [Spenser.l TRADE,t pret. ' of Tbead. Trod. [C/iaucer.] TRAD'ER, n. [add.] A vessel employed regularly in any particular trade, whether foreign or coasting; as, au East India trader ; a coasting trader. TRADUCTION, n. [add.] Translation. [Coir/e;/.] TRAG'AGAKTII, n. [add.] White tragacanth. Astragalus gummifer. — Red tragacanth, the Astragalus strobili- ferus, which inhabits Koordistan, and vields a gum of inferior qualitv. TRA(5ET0CR,t( "• [Fr. trajectaire.] TRE(i'ETOUR,t) A juggler; a magi- cian : an impostor; a cheat. [Chaucer.] TRA6'ETTES,t) , ^ i„„ TREGETTES,+ i ": .P''"': ^"SSh^S TRiJ'ET'^T \ t''"-'''^; ""postures. TR.iG'ieAL, a. [add.] Full of pompous exaggeration ; extravagantlv elevated. TRAIE.t V. t. To betrav. [Chaucer.] TR.\I'ED,t pp. Betrayed. TRAIIv'IISG, i!j)r. Lounging ; dangling. [Scotch.] TRAIL, n. [add] In America, an Indian footpath. TRaILLED, pp. Dragged. [Scotch ] TRaIL'-NET, n. A net for catching fish ; a drag-net. TR.\IX, n. [add.] In Canada, a peculiar kind of sleigh or sledge, used for the transportation of merchandise, wood, &c. (Fr. traineau.] TKAIX'-BAND, a. Belonging to the militia. A train-iind cap'aiii eke was lie Of famoas London town. Corrper John Gilpin. TRAINE.-f; n. [See Tbaix.] Tail ; arti- fice; deceit. [Spenser.] TRAINERS, n. In the United States, tlie militia when assembled for exercise. TRA1N'ING-D.\Y, n. In the United Stales, the day on which the militia are called out to be reviewed. TRAIS,+ n. plur. [Fr. traits.] The traces by which horses draw. [Chaucer.] TRAlSED,t \ pp. [From Fr. traistre, TRASn'ED,t) a traitor.] Betrayed. [Chaucer.] TRAlTOR'IE,t n. Treachery. [Chau- cer.] TR.\JI, n. A sort of four-wheeled car- riage or waggon ; a car used in coal- mines. [See Tbams.1 TRAM'EL,t 71. [See Trammel ] A net for catching birds or fishes. — Breaded tramels, woven or plaited divisions re- presenting a kind of network, spoken of the hair. [Spenser.] TR.\M'JIEL, n. [add.] An impediment; a shackle. TRAMMEL, r. t. [add.] To train slavishly; to inure to conformity or obedience- [Pope.] TRAMONTANE, or TKAM'ON- T.iNE. n. and a. TU.\MPED, pp. Stamped; trod. [Scotch.] TR.\MP OUS, V. i. To tramp; to walk: to lounge or wander about. [American vulgarism.] TRANCE,t V. i. To entrance. TR.A.NCE, n. A passage. [Scotch.] TRA'NECT, n. A tow-boat. [Shuk.] TRANSCENDENTAL,! n. A tran- scendentalist. TRANSeOL.l'TION.f n. Actof trans- colating. TRANSeRIPTION,n. [add.] .icopy; a transcript. TRANSCRIP'TIVE, a. Done as from a copv. TRANSDI'ALEC'T, v. t. To translate from one dialect into another. [Rar. Its.] TRANSFEROGRAPHT, n. [L. trans- fero, and Gr. >;«;» to write.] The act or art of copying inscriptions from an- cient tombs, tablets, &c. TRANSFORMA'TION, n. [add] The change which takes place in the com- ponent parts of the blood during its passage from the minute arteries through the capillary system of vessels into the radicles of the venous system. There are three kinds of changes, de- signated by the terras intussusception, apposition, and secretion. TRANSr'TION, a. In geol., noting a change or passage from one state to another. — Transition rochs. [See the Aoun.] TRANSLU'CENT, a. [add.] Translu- cent bodies are those which permit light to pass through them, but not in sufficient quantity to render objects distinct, as to colour, distance, or form, when viewed through them. [See Transparent.] TRANSLU NART,insteadof TRANS- LUN ART. TRAXSMEAYE.t r. (. See Tbassmew. [Chaucer.] TRANSMEW'ED.t pp. [See Traxs- mew.] Changed ; transformed. [Spen- ser.] TR.\NSPIRE', r. i. [add.] To occur ; to elapse. TRANSPORT', n. [add.] Distracted rage; as, a transport of tarw [Addison.] TRANSPORT ANT,t a. Affording great pleasure. TRANSPORT-SHIP, n. See Tbaks- POBT. TRANSTORT-YESSEL, n. Same as TB.iXSPOET-SlIIP. TRANS-SHIP MENT, n. See Tba.\-- SlIIPMENT. TR.A.NSYERSALIS, a. [L. transver- sus.] Transversal ; placed across or crosswise. — In anat., a term applied to muscles, vessels, &c., which have a transverse direction. TRANSVERSE, a. [add.] Transverse section. [See Section in tliis Supp.] TRANSVERSE MAGNET, n. A mag- net whose poles are not at the ends, but at the sides. It is formed by a particular combination of bar-magnet>. TRANSVER SUS, a. [L.] Transverse; placed across or crosswise. — In anat., applied to muscles, &c., which have a transverse direction. TR.-VP, n. [add.] Trap • conglomerate, same as trap-tufa, — which see. TRAP'-DOOR SPIDERS, n. A name given to spiders of the genus Mvgale, 394 or rather the subgenus Cteniza, re- markable for forming in the ground a Tal?-nor» SprorB. Pig. 1, the Sptder Fixs. 3 3, tl»e Sest. if (rent ■«• profile. Fi^ i. Stction of tiie Nest habitation consisting of a long cylindri- cal tube, protected at the top by a cir- cular door, which is connected to the tube by a hinge. TRAPE, ti. t. [add.] To run about idly. TRAPEZOID'AL BONE, n. In anat., a bone of the second row of the carpal bones, smaller than the trapezium. TR.\PPURES,t 1 «. plur. The trap- TR.\P'POLRS,t f pings or cloths with which horses were covered for parade. [Chaucer.] TR.A.SH, V. t. To maltreat; to dash ; to jade; to abuse, as a horse. [5cw/cA.] TU.\SH'ED, pp. Jaded; deteriorated through bad usage. [ScotcA.] TR.\ST,t for Tbaced. [Spettser.] TRATE.r 1 «■ [Ger. ;).] TRIPLEX, n. [L.] Triple time in mu- sic. [Shah.] TRIP LITE, n. A dark-brown mine- ral, found near Limoges, in France. It is a phosphate of manganese. TRIPPE.t n. [Fr. tripette.] New soft cheese made of milk. — A trippe of cheese, a small piece of cheese. [Chaucer.] TUIP'TYCH, n. [Gr. rjs,,-, three, and ir-vx*i. a fold or folding.] A small altar- piece, consisting of three compartments, the centre one affi.icd to the wall, the other two, each half of its breadth. hinged one to each side of it, so as, when not e.xtended, to cover the central com- partment, as doors. TRIQITE TRA, «. |L. a triangle.] In anat., a term employed to designate tlie triangular bones sometimes found in the course of the lamdoidal sutiu"e. TRISTE.t for Trust. [Chaucer.] TRISTE,t n. [From trust ; Scot, tri/st.] A post or station in hunting. [Chaucer.] TRITHEIST'1€-\L, a. Same as Tri- THEISTIC. TRITH'ING-REEVE,t ". A governor of a trithing. TEIT'URATURE, n. A wearing by rubbing or friction. TRI'UMPH.t r. i. To triumph over. TRIUM'VIU, «. [add.] A trithing-nian, or constable of three hundred. TRI' VALVE, H. A shell with three valves. TRIVIUM, instead of TRI'VIUM. TRIX.\'GO, n. A genus of plants, nat. ! order Scrophulariacef; It. troinha.] A trump ; a trumpet. [Chaucer.] T R O M P'O U R,t n. A trumpeter. [Chaucer.] TRON"CH'OUN,t n. [Fr. tronqon.] A truncheon ; a spear without a head. [Chaucer.] TROOP'IALS, n. A name given to a group of passerine birds, in which the beak is large, conical, tliickat the base, and very sharp at the point. Tliey in- habit Soutli America. Tliey form the genus Xanthornus of CuWer, so called from the yellow colour of many of the species. TROPIDORHYN'CHUS.n. The friar- bird, a genus of birds of the family Jleliphagidie, inhabiting Australia. [See Fkiar-Bibd in this Supp.] TROPOLOG IGALLY, instead of TROPOLO OICALLY. TROPOL OGlZE.t V. I. To change a word from its original meaning ; to use as a trope. TROTCO'SIE, u. A warm covering for the head, neck, and breast, in cold weather, when one is travelling. Pro- perly throatcosie. [Scotch.] TROT TING, ppr. [add.] Trotting- parilor, an officer of the ecclesiastical court "ho carries out citations. [Shah.] TROUBADOUR', instead of TROU- BADOUR. TROUBLE,t n. [Fr.] Troubled; clouded; dark; gloomy. [Chaucer.] TROUB'LER.t «. compar. Darker; gloomier. [Chaucer.] TROUGH, n. Pron. trof, instead of trauf. TROUS-DE-LOU^P, n. plur. [Fr.] In the militarif art, pits dug in the ground, in the form of inverted cones or pyra- mids, in order to serve as obstacles to the advance of an enemv. TROUSSEAU. «. [add.] Pron. troo-s5'. TRO^y,t r i. [add.] To trow, to wit; videlicet. [Spenser.] TROW'ANDISE,+ n. See Tkuandise in this Sitpp. [Chaucer.] TROWE.tc.i. See Trow. [Chaucer.] TRoAVL, v. See Troll. TRUANDING,+ n. Theact of begging under false pretences. [Chaucer.] TRU'ANDISE,tn. [Fr. SeeTRUAXT.] A begging under false pretences. [Chau- cer.] TRUCK, 71. [add.] Truck is commonly used in New England to signify a cart. TRUCK AGE, 71. [add.] In New Eng- land, the same as Cartage. TRUCK LE, V. t. To move on rollers; to trundle. TRUCK'JIAN, 71. [add.] In New Eng- land, a carter or carman. TRU'CULENCY, n. Same as Trccc- lence. TRUDGE'M.iN, 71. See Tritchmas. TRUXCK'ED,tw'- Trunked ; maimed. — The trunched beast, the beast whose body was without the head. [5/>e7wer.] TRUNK-TURTLE, 11. A species of turtle. TRUN'NEL, 71. A round rolling sub- stance; a trundle; a treenail. TRUSS, 71. [add.] In ships, the rope, with small tackles attached, by which the centre of a lower yard is kept in towards the mast. Iron trusses are now generally used. TRUS SEL-TREES, 11. Trestle-trees. [See Trestle.] TRUSS-HOOPS, 71. The hoops round a yard, and also round a mast, to which an iron truss is lixed. TRUSSING, 71. jadd.] Z>iagro7ia? , allied to Campylodis- cus, but ditfering in the frustules being more elongated, and its valves flat. It agrees with Surirella in having wings ; but here they arise from the disc, not from the margin. TRVE,+ pp. for Tried. Refined, as silver. [6'pe7wer.] TRYST ED, pp. Tri/stcd with, met witi). [Scotch.] TU BA, 11. [L.] A trumpet. — In anat., a canal resembling a trumpet. TCBE,7i. [add.] Tube of safely, in che- mical experiments, a tube, open at both ends, inserted into a receiver, the upper end communicating with the e.\ternal air, while the lower is immersed in TUCU-TUCD TURBINE TURNSOLE water. Its object is to prevent injury from too sudJen condensation or rare- faction taking place during clieniical operations; for if a sudden condensa- tion of a gas or gases takes place within tlie receiver, the water will be forced up the tulie l>y the pressure; and if sudden rarefaction taltes jilace, tlie ex- ternal air will rush in through the tube. TU'BER, K. [add.] In anat., a name give* to some parts that are rounded ; as, the annular tuber, an eminence of the medulla oblongata, called also pons varnlii ; tuber ischii, the point of the bone (ischium) on which we sit. TUBERCLE, n. [add.] In anat., a name given to several elevations ; as, tlie four white ov.-il tubercles of the brain, forming the nates and the testes of the ancients. They are designated tuber- cula quadngemina. TU'BEUCULES,n. In6o(.,simpleroots, which acquire a succulent condition, become reservoirs of vegetable food, and serve for propagation, in conse- quence of being terminated by a bud ; little tubers. TUBER'CULOSE, a. Tubercular; tu- berculous. TUBER'€ULUM, n. [L.] plur. Tuber- cula. A tubercle. TUBEROS'ITY, n. State of being tu- berous. — In anat., a projection or ele- vation ; as, the tuberosities of the os humeri, wliich are two in number, and are situated at the upper end of that bone, just behind the head. TU'BEROUSNESS, ;i. Quality of being tuberous. TUB-FAST, n. An opeia'ion of sweat- ing and fasting, formerly practised for curing syphilis. TUBI'tOLA, n. A family of spiders which inclose themselves in a silken tube, strengthened externally by leaves or other foreign substances. TU'BieOKN,insteadofTUBreORN. TU'BIVALVES, n. Same as TuDicoL.E. TDB'-MAN, n. [add.] A barrister who has a pre-audience in the exchequer, and also a particular place in court. TU'BULATURE, n. [L. tubulus, a bttle tube.] The mouth, or short neck, at the upper part of a tubulated retort. TUBULIPO'RID^,«. The name given by Blainville to his second family of Pohji'iaria solida, the animals of which are contained in cells of a tubular figure, with a round mouth, accumulated ir- regularly, so as to form an attached solid polyparium. They are only known in the genus Tubulipora. TUBULOSE, a. Resembling a tube or pipe; fistular; tubular. TU'BULUS, n. [L.] A little tube or pipe. — In anat., applied to minute ducts or tubes ; as, the tubuli lactiferi, or milk-ducts. TUBURCIN'IA, n. A genus of funga- ceous plants. T. scabies is known by the name of potato-scab. TUCK, n. [add.] Tuck-rail, or tuch- moulding, in a ship, the moulding wrought across the counter, by which the ends of the planks of the bottom are terminated. When the after-part of the ship terminates in a plane, nearly vertical, she is said to have a square tuck. TUC'U-TU€'U,7!. The Oenomysbrazi- lien.ns, a small rodent animal, native of South America. It is of nocturnal habits, and lives almost entirely under ground, forming extensive burrows near the suiface. In some parts of tlie country it is extremely abundant. It receives its name in imitation of the sound it utters. TUDOR-FLOWER, n. A trefoil orna- ment, much used in Tudor architecture. It is placed upright on a stalk, and is employed in long rows, as a crest or ornamental finishing on cornices, ridges, &c- TOEFALL, n. A building with a slop- ing roof on one side only; a pent-house. TUIL'ZIE, n. See Toolve. TULCH'AN, {n. A calf's skin stuffed TULCHTN, ) with straw, and set be- side a cow, to make her give her milk. — Tukhan-bishops, persons appointed as titular bishops to the Scottish sees immediately after the Reformation, in whose names the revenues of the sees were drawn by the lay barons who had impropriated them. [Scotch.] TU'LIP, instead of TULIP. TULLE,t {v. t. [See Toi.E.] To allure; TULL,t ) to entice. [Chaucer.] TUM'BLE-DUNG, 7!. A species of dung- beetle, the Coprobius volvens, common in the United States, which rolls about balls of dung containing its eggs. TUMBLE-HOME, w. In mar. lan.,the same as Tumbling Home. [See Tum- bling.] TUM'BRIL, n. A sort of circular cage or crib, made of osiers or twigs, used in some parts of England for feeding slieep in the winter. TU'MOR, n. See Tumour. TUN, n. [add.] A shell, the various species of the genus Dalium. TUN'GUEVE,t n. [Sax.] A town-reeve or bailiff. TU'NICA, n. [L.] In anal., a tunic or membrane. TU'NICARY, n. An acephalous mol- lusc. [See Tunicaries.] TUNIS'IAN, instead of TUNl'SIAN. TUPA'IAD.<-E, n. The banxrings, a family of insectivorous vertebrate ani- mals, consisting of tlie sintle genus itanxnng, Tupaia Tana. Tupaia. They are found in the Indian Archipelago, where they live in trees. TUR'BAND,t "■ A turban. TUR'BANT,t "■ A turban. TUR'BETH, n. See Turpetii. TURBlNA'CEOUS.a. [See Turbary.] Of or belonging to peat, or rather turf [Sir W. Scotl.] TUR'BINE, n. [add.] This name is gen- eric, and employed to designate all those horizontal wheels usually classi- fied as impact wheels, hydraulic pres- 307 sure wheels, and reaction wheels, of which there are numerous varieties. TURBINELL'ID.E, n. Turnip-shells, a family of carnivorous gasteropods, named from the genus Turbinella. The base of the shell is straigiit and length- ened, and the pillar strongly plaited. TURBINELLI'NjE, n. A subfamily of the Turbinellidje, characterized by the great weight, size, and smoothness of the shell, the great lengtli of the canal, and the generally papillary state of tlie spire. TUR'BINID.E, n. Marine snails; a family of phytophagous gasteropods, named from the genus Turbo. TURBINI'N^E, n. A subfamily of the Turbidie, comprising the winkles. TURCOMAN, n. A native of Tureo- mania. TURD, V. [Sax.] Excrement; dung. [Low.] TUKF'LESS, a. Destitute of turf. TURGESCE', v. i. To swell, to inflate. TUR'(iIDOUS,t « Turgid. TURK, )!. A native or inhabitant of Turkey. TURK'EIS.t n. A precious stone. [See TuRKOLS.] [Chaucer.] TURKEIS,t a. Turkish. [Chaucer.] TURK'EY-BIRD, ?! A local name for the wryneck ( Yunx turquilla). TURK'EY-SLATE, n. Same as Tur- key-Stone. TURK'JIAN, n. Same as Turcoman, — which see in this Supp. TUR'MENTlSE,t ". Torment. TUR'JIERIC-PAPER, n. Unsized pa- per brushed over with tincture of tur- meric. TURN, V. i. [add.] To turn out, to hap. pen ; to become ; to prove in the re- sult; as, to turn out a rogue. — To turn in, among seamen, is to go to rest in a berth or hammock ; and to turn out is to quit it. — Turn up, is the order given to send the men up from between decks. — To turn to windward, to beat to windward. TURN, n. [add.] To falie a turn of a rope, in seamen's Ian., to fasten it by passing it round anytliing. TURN'BULL'S BLUE, «. A blue pre- cipitate, which is thrown down when red prussiate of potash is added to a protosalt of iron. TURNERS CERATE, )i. A cerate consisting of prepared calamine, yellow wax, and olive-oil. TUR'NIP-FLE A, n. A small coleopter- ous insect of the genus Haltica (H. nemorum), which does great damage to turnips It leaps like a flea, having thickened hind legs. TUR'NIF-FLY, n. This name is most generally given to a hymenopterous in- sect, tlie Alhalia centifolite, the lai-va of which is called the nigijer or black- jack. [See cut in Diet. Tentiiredo.] TUR'NIX, 71, A genus of gallinaceous birds closely allied to the quails. T. audalusica, the Andalusian quail, is a rare visitor to this country. TURN'-OUT, 71. [add.] A short railway with movable rails or switches in a railway, for enabling one train of car- riages to pass anothei'. — Also, the act of quitting employment mutinously, or •« ith a view to obtain increase of wages or otlier advantage. TURN'-SCREW, n. A chisel-shaped instrument, used by mechanics for turning screw-nails and forcing them home. It is also called a screw-driver. [See Screw.] TURN'SOLE, n. [add.] A plant, the ULLMANXITE rilQUHILE UNCLASP Crozophora lincioria, found on tlie coast of the Mediterranean. Its juice is rendered blue by ammonia and air, and linen dipped in it is a test for acids. The name turnsole is also given to deep purple dve obtained from the plant. TUK'PENTISE, n. [add.] Venice tur- pentine is obtained from the Larix europcea ; Strasburg turpe/itine, from the Abies picea; Canadian turpentine, or Canada balsam, from the Abies bal- samea. TIK'PIN, n. A fresh- water or land tor- toise ; corruption of terrapin. TUK'PIS €AO'SA, n. [add.] In late, a base or vile confederation on which no action can be founded. TCK'TLEBACK, n. A kind of shell common in the AVest Indies ; it is the Cassis tuberosa. TUKVES.t n. (turvz.) The old plural of Turf. TDS'SEH-SILK. See Satdbioa in this Supp. TUS'SLE, r. I. To struggle; to scuffle. [ Vuljar.] TUSSOCK-GRASS, n. See Tcssac- Grass. TUTELE.f n. Tutelase. TU TORY, instead of TCT'ORY. TWAE }"• ''""°- 1^'^°''^''-^ TWAIXE.fa.orn. 5fe TwAix. [Chau- cer. '^ TWALL, a. Twelve. [5co/cA.] TWAL PENNIES, n. One penny ster- ling, which is equivalent to twelve pence, ancient Scottish ctirrency. [Scotch.] TWANG, adv. With a sharp quick sound. [Bare] TWEAK, n. [See Tweag.] A pinch ; a sharp twisting squeeze. [5ic//?.] TWEED, n. A light woollen stuff, used for summer coats and trousers. TWEIFOLD.f -z. Twofold. [Chaucer.] TWEINE.t la. or n. Twain; two. TWEY.t ( [Chaucer.] TWELVE'-SeOKE, a. [add.] Used in Shak. for twelve-score vards. TWEN'TY, n. The number of twice ten ; a score. TWIES.t adv. Twice. [Chaucer.] TWIGHT,t pret. and pp. of Ttcitch. Pulled ; plucked ; twitched ; twitted. [Chaucer, Spenser.] TWIGHT,t r. t. [See Twit.] To twit; to reproach ; to upbraid. [.Spenjfer.] TWILL, n. [add.] A quill; a spool to wind varn on. [Local.] twin", v. i. [add.] To part ; to go asun- der. [Chaucer.] TWINNE,+ V. t. or i. [Sax. tunn, ge- iicin.] To disunite in ticain ; to separ- ate ; to disjoin ; to sever ; to part with or from ; to depart from a place or thing. [Chaucer.] TWIN'NED,ti>pSeparated;disumted. [Chaucer.] TWIRE,t V. i. [add.] To look askance ; to leer; to wink; to twinkle ; to sing ; to chirp as a bird. [Chaucer.] TWISTE,i- V. t. [See Twist.] To twitch: to pull hard. [Chaucer. \ TWISTE,t pret. of Twiste. Twisted ; twitched; pulled hard. [Chaucer.] TWITCH, V. i. [add.] To draw timber along the ground by a chain. [Ameri- can.] TWITCH, r. i. To contract, as a fibre, with pain, [ipen^er.] TWITE, 71. A bird ; a sort of finch, the mountain-linnet iFringitla montium), TWOPENNY, n. Beer which cost twopence a Scottish quart. [ScofcTi.] TWY' HINDI, ) 71. Tlie lower order of TWI'HINDI, ( Saxons, valued at 200.S., in regard to pecuniary mulcts, inflicted for crimes. [See Twelfhindi.] TY€HON'lC, a. [add.] See System. T?DES,f n. plur. [See Tide.] Seasons. [Spenser.] TY'DY, 71. A small bird. TYE, n. [add.] In ships, a rope connected with a yard, to the other end of wliich a tackle is attached for hoisting. TYL'ER, 71. [Fr. tailleur, a hewer.] In freemasonry, the ordinary officer of a mason lodge. TfNDE, i; pret. of Tine or Tind. [See Teen.] Kindled or lighted. [.Speiiser.] TYNE, 1-. t. To lose; to forfeit; to lose a cause in a court of justice. — To tyne heart, to lose courage or spirit. [Scotch.] TYNE, V. i. To be lost; to perish. [Scotch.] TYN'ED,t pret. of Tine or Tune. [Ice. tt/na.] Perished ; died. [5j>e7ii*er.J TYPHLOPHTHAL'MES, n. [Greek, Tv??.8f, blind, and tf3*Xu.o;, the eye.] A family of scincoidians, comprising those saurians which are completely blind, or whose eyes aie so small that they seem scarcely to exist, except in a rudi- mentarv state. TYP'ICO-VERT'EBRA, n. In anat., a term applied to one of the segments of the endo-skeleton of the vcrtebrata which constitute the axis of their bodies, and form the protecting canals of the nervous and vascular trunks. TY'RANXE.-f 71. A tyrant. [^>ct«(T.] TYRAN'NUS, n. The tyrant-birds, a genus of passerine birds, separated by Yieillot from the Lanius of Linn. It includes the tyrant fly-catcher, inhabit- ing South America, which is very bold and spirited, preying on sm.iU birds, and pursuing them very much in the manner of the shrikes. There are several species, most of which have red or yellow feathers on the crown of the bead. TY'RANT, 71. [add.] An usurper. [Shah.] u. UBIQUA'RIAN, a. Existing everj- where ; ubiquitarv. rBIQUlT.VRI.\N, 71. One who exists everywhere; an ubiquist. [See Ubi- QUISTS.] Ij'D.\L, a. The same as Allodial, — tchick see. [Scotch laic-term.] U'D.XL, 71. A freehold. [See Skat in this Supp. 1 TJG'LY, a. [add.] An ugly customer, a disagreeable or troublesome companion or thing. [Colloquial and vuhar.] UGSOME, a. Disgusting. [Scotch.] ULCERABLE, a. That may become ulcerated. ULCERATIVE, a. Tending to ulce- rate. ULE'MA, 71. The collective name of the body of learned men in Turkey, being the plural of the Arabic a/i"»i, wise. This body, or college, is composed of the Iraans, or ministers of religion, the Muftis, or doctors of law, and the Cadis, or administrators of justice. UL'LAGE, n. [add.] [L. w/ij/o, ooziness. Hence ullage properly signifies the quan- tity of liquid which a cask wants of be- ing full, in consequence of the oozing of the liquor.] ULL'Jt.iNNITE, 71. A mineral, a phos- phate of manganese and iron, occurring massive at Limoges, in France. tJL'NAR, a. [add.] The ulnar mitscles are two muscles of the fore-arm, one of which assists in bending the arm, and the other in extending it. ULTE RIORLY, adv. In an ulterior manner. ULTIMA RATIO, instead of ULTI- MA RATIO. ULTIMA RA'TIO RE'GUM, instead of ULTIMA RATIO REGUM. ULTlMA'TION,t n. The last offer or concession. For this word we now use ultimatum. UL'TIMU JI SUPPLIC'IUM, n. [L] In laic, the last or extreme punishment; death. U'LZIE, 71, Oil. [Sco(cA.] UMBLL'IC, \a. (add.J Umbilical UJIBIL'ICAL, ( rfr'ioii, in anat., that portion of the abdominal parietes situ- ated about two inches around the um- bilicus. — Umbilical hernia, hernia of the bowels at the umbilicus. UJIBR.VT'IGAL, a. [add.] Umbratical doctors, closet writers, who do not en- gage with real, but imaginary adver- saries. [i?e7l Johnson.] UMBRERE', 71. See U.mbkiebe. UMBRIL', )i. The movable part of a helmet ; the umbriere. UMQUHILE, adv. Sometime ; at times ; some time ago ; formerlv. [ScotcA.l 398 UMQUHILE, a. Former; late; de- ceased. [Scod'/i.] UNBEKNOWN',«. Unknown. [Local.] UNBETIDE',t f- i- To fail to happen or betide. [Chaucer.] UNBID'.t pp. [See Bid.] Without hav- ing said pravers. [iS/icuscr.] UNBOD lE,t V. I. To leave the body. [Chaucer.] UNBOK EL,t V. I. To unbuckle; to unfasten; to open. [Chaucer.] UNBOLT', 1-. i. To unfold; to explain. [Shah] UNBRACE', r. i. To grow flaccid ; to relax ; to hang loose. UNBRIZED, pp. or a. Unbroken. [Scotch.] UNCAN'NY, a. Not safe ; dangsrons ; iueautious; imprudent; not safe to meddle with ; supposed to possess su- pernatural powers ; severe ; applied to a blow or a fall. (Sco(c7i.] UNCE,f 71. [L. uncia.] An ounce. [Chaucer.] UNCH.iN CY, a. Unlucky; daagerons; ill-fated. [5co(cA.] UNCHAR'IOT, V. t. [add.J To deprive of a chariot. UN CI A' TIM, adv. [L.] Ounce by ounce. UN€L.\SP', V. t. [add.] To lay open ; to reveal. [SAoA.j UNDEUPIGHT UNDULATION UNION UNeo:ME-LlNESS, n. [add.] Indecen- cy. [Slink.] UNGOJIMON, adv. E.tceedingly; very. [ Vulqar.] UNeOMPLI'ANT, a. Not yielding; not obsequious. UNeONCERT'ED, a. [add.] Not pru- dently contrived or adjusted. UNeONFIKlI'ED, a. [add.] Not firmly establislied ; no\ possessed of its full measure of strength or stability. UN€ON'NING,t P/ir. [.See Con.] Un- knowing; ignorant. [Chaucer.} UN€ON'NING,t n. Ignorance. [Chau- cer.] UN€ONSIDERING, a. [add ] Void of consideration ; regardless. UN€OUPLE,t V. i. (unkup'pl.) To go loose, as bounds. [Chaucer.] UN€OUTIl', a. [add.] Unknown; un- common ; awkward ; boorish ; clumsy. [Chaucer.] UNeOUTH'LT, adv. [add.] Uncom- monly. [Chaucer.] UN€OVENABLE,+ a. [See Coven- able.] Inconvenient; unsuitable. [CAa«- cer.] UNCOVER, V. i. To bare the head ; to take off one's hat. UNeURSE',t ". '. [add.] To revoke or unsay a curse. [Sha/t] UNCUTH', a. [Sax.] Unknown. UNCY'PHER, V. t. To unravel, under- stand, or explain, what is written in cyphers or in ambiguous language. UNDEPART'ABLE,t «. Not capable of departing. [Chaucer.] UN'DER, iirep. [add,] In less than ; as, he could not learn it under a month's practice. UNDEKBIND', v. t. To bind under- neath. UNDERBRANCH.n. A lower branch. UNDERBRUSH, n. [add.] [American lerm.] UNDERDONE', pp. [add.] Moderately cooked or done. UN'DERFAC'ULTy,n. A subordinate faculty. UN'DERFELLOW, n. A mean man; a sorry wretch. [Itarc] UN'DERFLAME, n. A lower or infe- rior flame. UNDERFONG'.t ) v. t. [add.] To UNDERFONGE'.tl undertalie; to manage; to tamper with; to ensnare; to entrap ; to deceive by false sugges- tions. [Spenser.] UNDERGO)', u. t. [add.] To pass under. \Shah.\ UNDEKGROW.t i'. i. To grow below the usual size or heiglit. UNDERGROWE',t PP- Undergrown ; of a low stature. [Chaucer.] UN'DERHAND'ED,a. Sly; disingenu- ous; underhand. UN'DER-LEASE, n. In law, a grant by a lessee to another of a part of his whole interest under the original lease, resei'ving to himself a reversion. UN'DEU-I,IP, n. The lower lip. UN DERMKLE,t n. The time after the meal of dinner ; the afternoon. [Chau- cer.] UNDERNIME',t \ i>. i [Sax. wider- UNDERNY.ME',t/ niman.] To under- take ; to receive. UNDERNO.ME',t i>ref. Undertook; took up; received. [Chaucer.] UN'DERNTIDE.t n. [See Undern.] The third hour of the day, or nine o'clock, according to some writers; but according to others, the afternoon, or tlie time towards evening. UNDEKPlGllT'.t pp. [See Pigiit.] Fixed under, as a prop or support ; II.— Sdpp. pitched under or below; supported. — He dranhe and vtd his oirdle under- jiir/ht, he drank and stuffed his girdle well. [Chaucer.] UNDERPIN', V. t. [add.] To support a wall, when an excavation is made be- neath it, by bringing up a new portion of building from the lower level. — 2. To substitute, for soft earth or other mate- rial excavated from beneath a wall, solid building similar to itself. — 3. To sup- port an overhanging bank of earth or ruck by masonry or bricltwork. To underset and to underfoot are also used in the same sense. — In Scotland, the removal of soft earth from under a structure, and the substitution of sods cut square and built regularly, is called doufing. UNDEUPIN'NING, v. [add.] The act of bringing up a solid building of masonry or brickwork to substitute soft earth or other material removed from beneatii a wall. — 2. Solid building sub- stituted for soft materials excavated from under a wall, bank of earth, or mass of rock. UNDER-SERVICE, n. A subordinate service. UN'DER-SIDE, n. The lower side, or side beneath. UNDER-SKINNER, h. A tapster. [Shah.] UNDERSPORE-,t v. t. [Spore,{oT Sax. speare, a stake or pole.] To raise or support a thing by putting a stake or pole under it. [Chaucer,] UNDERSTAND", v. t. [add,] To stand under, [Shah.] UN'DER-STATED.a, Stated too low. UNDER-STOCKED', a. Stocked too low. UNDERSTONDE',t PP- Understood. [Chaucer.] UNDERTAKE', ti, (. [add,] To hear; to understand, [Spenser.] UNDER-TAXED', a. Taxed at a low UN'DERTIME.fn, [add,] According to some, tlie third hoiu' of the day, cor- responding to nine o'clock with us, UN'DER-TREATED, a. Treated with too little respect, UN'DER-WEIGH, In seamen's Ian., tlie same as Under-AVat, UNDIL'I(iENT,t a. Not diligent. UNDISCERN'IBLE, a [add.] Incap- able of distinction or discrimination ; void of all marks of diversity. UNDISCIP'LED,«. Not having become a disciple. UNDISCRED'ITED, a. Not dis- credited. UNDISJOINED', a. Not disjoined. UNDISPAR'AGED,n. Not disparaged. UNDISPOSE', V. t. To disincline; to alienate; to indispose, UNDISSEM'INATED, a. Not dissem- UNDOOiMED', a. Not doomed, UNDOtJB'LE, V. t. To unfold ; to make single. UNDOUBT'OUS.t a. Undoubted. [Chaucer.] UNDRAIN'ABLE, a. That cannot be drained. UN'DRESS,t n. Minors or persons under age, and not capable of bearing arms. UNDUBBED', «. Not dubbed. UNDUE', a. [add.] Undeserved. UNDULA'TION, n. [add.] Undulations are said to be progressive when tliey successively traverse the different parts of a body, as the waves of the sea; and they arc said iohe stationary wlien 3U9 all the particles of a Ijody begin their vibrations simultaneously and end them at tlie same instant, UNDULA'TIONIST, n. One who ad- vocates the undulatory theory of light. UNEARED', a. Unploughed. [Shah.] UNEASED', a. Not eased; not freed from pain. UNEATH'.t adi}. [add.] Scarcely. [Spenser.] UNEB'BING, a. Not ebbing. UNED(jE', V i. To deprive of the edge; to blunt. UNEMBIT TERED, a. Not embittered. UNEMBOW'ERED,i. Not embowered. UNENA'BUED, a. Not enabled, UNENAMOURED.a. Not enamoured. UNENRICHED', a. Not made rich. UNEQUALLY-PINNATE, a. In hot., same as Impari-Pin\.\te, — which see. UNESCHU'ABLE.t a. [See Escuew.] Unavoidable. [Chaucer.] UNESE',t n. Uneasiness. [Chancer.] UNETIIES',ta(/«. [SeeUNETii.] Scarce- ly; not easily. [Chaucer.] UNE'VEN, a. [add.] An uneven payre, a pair unsuitaljly matciied. \Si>en.-ier.] UNFAIR', V. t. To deprive of fairness or beauty. [.SV(n7i.] UNFA'MOUS,t a. Unknown. [Chau- cer.] UNFEST'LICIlE,i-a.[t''H,and/ca.!/7y,] Not suitable to a feast, [Cftaucer.] UNFIGURED, «. [add,] Literal; de- void of figures of speech, UNFOLD', V. i. To open; to be ex- panded ; to be spread apart, UN'FREENS, n. Unfriends; enemies. [Scotch.] UNGAL'LANT, a. [add.] Uucourtly with respect to ladies. UNGENITURED,a.AYanting genitals. [Shah.] UNGODE'LY.t a. [Un, and ijoodly.] Uncivil; ungenteel, [Chaucer.] UNGRA'CIOUS, a. [add.] Brutal; unmannerly. [Shah.] UNGREABLE,t a. Not a.8Teeal)le; unpleasant; disagreeable. [Chaucer. \ UNGUEN'TUM, 71. [L.J Anointment; an unguent. UNGULI'NA.n. A genus of conchife- rous molluscs. The animal perforates rocks, &c,, and the slicUs are small, thin, and transparent. UNIIAIRED', a. Stripped of hair; un- bearded, UNHALS'ED, a. Uns.iluted, [Scotch.] UNUAPPIE.t ('. Unfortunate; un- lucky.— f/)i/iu;v"'e paine, unsuccessful endeavours. [Spenser.] UNHAP'PY, a. [add,] Unhappy hoiore, misfortune, [Spenser.] UNIIEED'FULLY, adv. [add,] Care- lessly; incautiously, [Shah.] UNHELE',t "■ fSax, ha:lan, to help,] Misfortune, [Chaucer.] UNIIERO'ie, a. [add,] Unsuitable to a liero ; ignoble, "UNHERST,! 2>rct. [See Heakse, or Herse,] His amies unherst, took his arms from the temporary monument on which they were hung. [Spenser.] UNHIDE',! K, ^ To discover. [Chau- cer.] UNHOUS'ED, pp. or a. [add.] Unmar- ried. [Shah.] "U NIBER,t n. The face-guard of a helmet. UNINCOR'PORATED.o. [add.] Not united as members of one body-politic. U NION, )!. [add.] Union doii'H,m mar. tan., the situation of a flag when it is lioisted upside down, bringing the union down instead of up. Used as a signal of distress. 8t UNNAMED UNSTANCHEABLE DPCOIL TJNIO'NIDiE, n. River-mussels, a fa- mily of fresli-water bivalve shells, of which the genus Uuio is the type. They abound in the large rivers of North America. ^^NIPELTA'TES, n. Same as Uxipel- TAT.\. VN IPOL'AR, a. A term applied to sub- stances of imperfect conducting power, which are capable of receiving only one kind of electricity, when made to form links in the voltaic chain. UNISON, H. [add.] IJarmony ; agree- ment. UNIT, n. [add.] The legal or standard tmit of iveitjht in Britain is that of 22'S15 cubic inches of pure water at the temperatm-e of 62" Fah., the barometer being 30 inches. This weight is one pound troy, and is divided into o7G0 equal parts, called grains ; and TOOOsuch grains constitute the pound avoirdu- pois, equal to the weight of 27"72^3 cubic inches of pure water of the tem- perature of G2° Fah, The gramme is the French unit of weight, equal to that of a cubic centimetre of pure water of ma.vimum density, or at the temperature of 4° C. — The unit of jioicer is a pressure of one pound avoir- dupois raised one foot. — The unit of lineal jneasm-e was declared by the .-Vet of 1826 to be the " standard yard of 176fV' then in the custody of the clerk of the House of Commons, and since de- stroyed. The same act declares this standard yard to contain uG inches, and that the length of a seconds' pendulum in the latitude of London, vibrating in a vacuum at the level of the sea, sliall be reckoned .3D"1.3['.3 such inches. Tiie French standard unit of length is the milre, equal to tlie ten-millionth part of the quadrant of the earth's meridian, deduced from the great trigonometrical measurement of the meridian from Dun- kirk to Barcelona. It is equal to 39-37Uti!ll English inches. [See Mea- sure, AVeight.] r'NIT ED PRESBYTERIAN, n. A member of the Presbyterian church formed in Scotland by the luiion of the United Secession Synod and Re- lief Synod, in ^lay, 1S47. [See Se- CEDER, and Relief Synod.] UNKENND', a. Unknown. [Scotch.] UNKINDE'LY,t adv. Unnaturally. [Chaucer.] UNLAST'.t rp. Unlaced; unfastened. [Spenser.] UNLAWFUL, a. [add ] An untau-fiil assembly is any meeting of great num- bers of people with such circumstances of terror as cannot but endanger the public peace, and raise fears and jea- lousies among the subjects of the realm. UNLET TED,t pp. [See Let.] Unob- structed ; undisturbed. [Chaucer.] UNLIQUIDATED, a. [add.] l/nli- quidated damages, penalties. UNLOV'EN,t I', t. To cease loN-ing. [Chaucer.] UNLUST,tn. Dislike. [Chaucer.] UNMAN HODE.t «. [In, and man- hood.] Cowardice. [Chaucer.] UNMJiSK'ER, H. One who strips off a mask ; one who unmasks. UNMEK'CENAKY, a. [add.] Disinte- rested 5 not influenced by rewards or protit. I UNNAMED', a. [add.] Unnamed bones (ossa innominata), in unat., the pelvic bones, which, in the yoimg subject, are three in number, to which names are given ; but which become one in the adult, which is without a name. This bone is divided into three portions, the haunch-bone, the hip-bone, and the share-bone. UNNESTXE, B. I. To dislodge from a settlement; to eject; to exterminate. [Bacon.] UNPEREGAL,t«. [Fr.pfrfsa^.equal.] Unequal. [Chaucer.] UNFIT OUS,t a. Unpitiful ; cruel. [Chaucer.] UNPLACED', a. [add.] Not arranged or distributed in proper places; con- fused ;_ jumbled. UNPLITE .t If. (. To unfold; to UNPLIGHT'.t 1 explain. [Chaucer.] UNPOL ICIED, a. [add.] \ old of po- licy. [Shah.] UNPR.VISE', 1'. <. To deprive of praise; to strip of commendation. UNPRIZABLE, a. [add.] Beyond all valuation. [Shah.] UNPROVIDED, pp. [add.] Unfore- seen. [.S'/>cnA-er.] UNQUESTIONABLE, a. [add.] Not to be questioned ; not to be conversed with ; as, an unquestionable Si>'ivii.[Shah.] UNREADY', a. [add.] Undressed. [Shah.] UNKE€.\L'LED, a. Not recalled. UNKE€AL'LING, a. Not to be re- called ; as, on unrecaUing crime. [Shah.] UNREMORSELESS, a. Cruel; uu- pitying. [Ill-formed.] UNRESTY.t a. Unquiet, [Chaucer.] UNREV ERENT, a. [add.] Disre- spectful. [5AaA.] UNSAD,t a. [See Sad, No. 9.] Un- steady; tickle. [Chaucer.] UNSAJ)NESS,t n. Infirmity; weak- ness. [ ^YicUf.] UNSeALE.iBLE, a. Not to be scaled ; incapable of being climbed or mounted. [Shah.] UNSeAL'ING,t ppr. KemoTing the scales ; clearing away the scales grow- ing over the eye, and impeding vision. [Milton.] UNSCrENCE,t«. Not science. [Chau- cer. ]_ UNSEL'Y",t a. [Vn, and Teut. selig, happy.] Unhappy. [Chaucer.] UNSET', a. [add.] Not appointed. [Chaucer.] UNSETTLE, 1-. f. [add.] To disorder; to derange ; to make mad. [A'AaA.] UNSHED', pp. [Sax. on, in or en, and shed.] Shed or scattered round the shoulders and face, as the hair. [.^i>CH- ser.] UNSHETTE', pret. [See Shette in this Supp.] Opened ; thrown open. [Chaucer.] UNSHRUB'BED, a. Bare of shrubs. [Shah.] UNSIST'ING.a. Neveratrest. [Shah.] UNSKIL FULLY, aar. [add.] Without reason. [Chaucer.] UNSLEIvRED,t ;-/'. Unslacked; un- slaked. I Chaucer.] UNSLEP'T'.t pp. Having had no sleep. [Chaucer.] UNSOFT ENED, a. [add.] Not miti- gated ; not melted to compassion. UNSOLE.MPNE,t a. Uncelebrated. [Chaucer.^ UNSPEAK'ING, a. Languageless ; without the gift of utterance. [i'/iuA.] UNSPECKED, a. Unspotted. UNSPERDE',t pp. [See Sparred, Spered !u this Supp.] Unbolted. [Chaucer.] UNSTAINED', a. [add.] Unmolested; undisturbed; as, unstained 'peace. UNSTANCHE'ABLE,t a. That can- not be stanched; inexhaustible. [Chau- cer.] j 400 UNSTANCII'ED.t pp. Not stanched; unsatisfied. [Chaucer.] UNSUFFI CIENT, a. Instead of "tn- sufjUciencf/,'' read insufficient. UNSL'RED', a. Not made sure; not securelv established. [5AaA.] UNSWELL'.t V. 1. To sink from a tu- mid or tm-gid state; to subside. [Chau- cer.] UNTEMPTED,a. [add.] Unattempted. UNTENT'Y, a. Incautious; careless. [Scotch.] UNTlIANK',t n. No thanks; no gra- titude; ill-will. [Chaucer.] UNTHRIFTY, a. [add.] Unthriftij scath, indiscreet mischief. [5i>»7iser.] UNTILL, pre;). Unto; till. [5co(c/i.] UNTDlE'jf n. Not a fit time; an un- seasonable time. [Chaucer.] UNTO.t adv. Until. [Chaucer.] UNTOUCH'T,tw>. Untouched. [Spen- ser.] UNTRES'SED.t PP. Not tied in a tress or tresses. [ CAauccr.] UNTKET'ABLE,t a. Not admitting any treaty; as, an untretable war. [CAawcer.] UNTRISTE'.t for UxTncsTE'.f v. i. To mistrust. [CAaKcer.] UNTRUSS', V. t. [add.] To let down the breeches, by untying the ijoints by which tliev were held up. [5AaA.] UNTRUS'i",t ». Distrust. [Chaucer.] UNTUNED, a. [add.] Unmusical; un- harmonious. [5AaA-] U N U ' S A 6 E.f n. Want of usage. [Chaucer.] UNVAL'EWD,+ a. Invaluable; ines- timable, [^pe/wer.] UNWaUE ,tpp. [t'», and Sax. warian, to look at or after ; to foresee.] Un- foreseen. [Chaucer.] U N W A S T E'F V L L Y, adi: Without waste or extravagance. UNWELD'.tn. Unnieldv. [Chaucer.] UNWEM'MED,t pp. [Un, and Sax. icemman, to corrupt ; to defile ; to mar.] Unspotted; unstained. UNWET ING,t J>i>''. See U.sweetixo. [CAawcer.] UNWET'INGLY, t adv. See Unweet- ixGLT. [Cliaucer.] UNWIST.tPP; [i'feWis.] Unknown. — Umcist of him, it being unknown to him. [Chaucer. \ UNWri",t'i. Want of wit. [Chaucer.l UNWOTE',t V. I. [See Weet, Wot.] To be ignorant. [CAaucer.] UNWRIE'.t V. t. [i'n, and Sax. irri- gan, to cover; to cloak.] To uncover. [Chaucer.] U N Y O L D ' E N.t PP- Not hanng yielded. [CAawcer.] UP, adv. [add.] To be up to a thing is to understand it. [Vulijar.] — Up to smijf, up to trap, knowing; shrewd. [Cant phrases.]— Up on londe, up in the country. [Chaucer.] UP, prep, [add.] Above; at the top of; as, he lives up four pair of stairs. — Upon. — Uppeine,vi^oxi pain. — Up peril, upon peril. [Chaucer.] UP. Used in the plural as a noun ; as, the ups and downs of life. [Colloquial.] "U PAS-TREE, n. Red upas-tree, Anii- aris toxicaria. UPBRaYES ,t n.plur. [See Upbraid.] Upbraidings. [.!?7>e«5er.] UP'-BY'E, adv. A little way further on ; up the way. [Scotch.] UP'€.\ST, n. A taunt; a reproach. [Scotch.] UPe.\UGHT', a. Seized or held up. UPt'LI.MB',t V. t. To ascend. UPCOIL', V. t. or i. To wind up into a coil VAGiNANT VALUABLE VANG TIP'GOING, 71. Ascent. [Scotch.] X3PHAF',f pret. of Upheve. ileaved up. [Chaucer.] t'PIIAUD', V. t. To uphold; to support; to maintain. [Scotch.] UPHAUD'EN, ?)2>. Supporte]; laid un- der obligation. L'PHEAV'AL, 71. In ^7^0/., an eruption ; a sudden bursting up of the surface. UPHEP'iNG,t n. A heaping up; an aectimulation. [Chaucer.] UPIlEVE',t V. t. To upheave; to lift up from beneath. [Chaucer.] UPHILD',t pret. Upheld; sustained ; supported. [Spenser.] UPUOL'STEKER-BEE, n. A name given to a species of wild bee found in France, the Osnda papaveris. These ingenious artificers excavate holes in the earth for the reception of their young, and line them with an elegant coating of flowers or leaves. It has been found in this country. UPH'ROE, instead of UP UROE. UPON', jjrei^. [add.] Upon command, 2it command; at pleasure. [Shah.] UPON', adv. On; as, he had upon a courtepy of green, that is, he had on a courtepy of green. [Chaucer.] UP PER, a. [add.] t'';>;jer c/'h^/, the aris- tocracy; the higher circles. [American.] UP'PEREST.f a. snperl. Uppermost; highest. \Chaucer.] UP PER- STORY, H. The head; the brain. [C'raren dialect.] UPUIDGE', V. t. To raise in a ridge. UP'RIGHT, a. [add.] Straight.— Z7p- ru/ht as a bolt, straight as an arrow. UPSIDES WITH, adv. Even with; quit with. [Scotch.] UP SO DOUN. adv. Upside down. [Chaucer.] UPSPRING', n. [add.] A kind of Ger- man dance. [Shak.] UP'TAK, H. Apprehension; conception; ajyplied to the understanding, [Scotch.] "URA'NIA, «. [add.] Agenusoflepidop- terous insects, found clueHy in the West Indian islands. They are moths, with the appearance of buttertiies. They Hy early in tlie morning, and at great elevations ; and when the sun gets hot they retire one by one. UR'BANIST, n A sort of pear. UR'CEOLUS, n. [Dimin. of L. iirreu^^ a water-pitcher.] In 60/., a small pitcher- like body, formed by the two bracts, which, in the genus Carex, become confluent at their edges, and mclose the pistil. URCHIN-SNOUTED, a. Having a snout resembling tliat of the urchin or hedgehog. [Shah.] URCHON,t n. An urchin; a hedge- hog. [Chaucer.] VllE,f n. [Old Fr. eur ,- Teut. vre.] Chance; destiny; fortune. [Chaucer.] VR'ED,f pp. Fortunate. [Chaucer.] URET ICA, 71. 2>lt(r. Medicines which promote a discharge of urine. URGE, u. {. [add.] To press a claim; to be importunate. UR6IN'EA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Liliacese. U. Scilla is the Scilla maritima of Linn. [See Scilla, and Squill.] U^'RIA, Ji. The guillemots, a genus of palmiped birds, separated by Brisson from the Colymbus of Linn. The U. troile is the foolish guillemot ; the U. gryllCf the black guillemot. [See Guil- lemot.] U'RINAL, 71. [add.] A vessel for re- ceiving urine in cases of incontinence. URINIF'EROUS, a. Conveying urine. URINOM'ETER, instead of URINO'- METER. URN'AL, a. Belonging to, or resembling an urn, OJROMAS'TIX, n. [Gr. *=.?« a tail, and waffTii. a whip.] A genus of saorians Y. VAGCA'RTA, n. A genus of plants, nat. oi'der SilenaceiB. V. viilga7is is known by the name of soapwurt {Saponaria vaccarla of Linn.) [.See Saponaria] VACCINE, a. [add. J Vaccine matter, the lymph contained in tlie pustules produced by vaccination, or derived from vesicles on the udder of the cow. [See Cow-Pox.] VA€eiN'lA, n. lanoculated cow- po.'t. ^'AC^'ER, n. [Fr.] lu America, the stock or cattle-keeper on the prairies of the south-west. VA'DED,pi). Faded; vanished. [Shah.] — Vanished; dispersed. [Spetiser.] VA'DIUJI, n. [add.] In law, a pledge or surety. — Vadium mortuum, a mort- gage. — Vadium vivum, a living pledge. [See Pledge.] V.\ES, J «. plur. In Orhney and Shei- A'OES, f land, inlets of the sea. V.\GAN'TES, 71. [L. vayor, to wander.] A tribe of spiders, comprising those ^vhich watch their prey from the web, and also frequently run swiftly after their prey. VAfil'NA, instead of VA(5'1NA. VA6'INAL, or VA(5l'NAL. VAGINANT, instead of VA6'I- KANT. VAGI'N ATE, VAGI'NATED, instead of VAO INATE, VAG'INATEO. VAIK, v. i. To become vacant ; to be vacant; to be unoccupied. [Scotch.] VAIL, v. i. [add.] To bow down. [Shah.] VAIL, V. t. [add.] To lay down; to take oft'. [Spenser.] VAlL'ED.jip. Lowered; letfall.[5/ia7i.] — Pulled olf; laid down. [^Spenser.] \AlL'V}\G,ppr. Letting down ; causing to fall down. | Shah.] VAlN,a. [add.]Lightof tongue. [Shah.] VAINE.t a. Vain; idle. [Spenser.] VALEt;T,t)„ A valet VAD'LET.t )"■ VALES, n. plur. Money given to ser- vants ; vails. \'AL'ET-D£-CHAMBEIl. [add.] Pron. val'e-de-shanibr. VAL'IANT, a. [add.] Manly. [Shah.] VALIANT, n. A valiant person. [2 Sam. xxi.] VAL'IANTIZE.t v. i. To act with va- lour or bravery. VAL'IAUNCE.t n. Valour; bravei-y. [Spenser,] VAL'LEY, n. [add.] In anat., a depres- sion of the cereiiellum, in which the commencement of the spinal marrow is lodged. VALUABLE, a. [add.] Valuable con- sideration. [See Consideration in this Sapp.] VAL'UE, n. [add.] Account; estima- tion ; equivalent. — Value received, a phrase generally inserted in bills of ex- change, but wliich is not necessary. VAL'Ew"t} "• ^""^ "^'^'■°"''- [Sp^^er.] VAL'URE,t n. [Fr. vahiere.] Value. VAL'VASOR, n. See Vavasor. VAL'VATE, a. In hot., united by the margins only, as the sepals of rhamnads, the valves of a capsule, &c. VALVE'-SHELLS, n. Shells of the genus Valvata. VA.MP, V. i. To travel ; to proceed ; to move forward. [Loche.] VAMPElv, V. i. To vapour or swagger. [Local.] VAN'ADATE, n. See Vanadiate. VANES SA, n. A genus of lepidopter- ous insects belonging to the family NymphalidiB. It includes the commia, great tortoise-shell, small tortoise-shell, willow, peacock, &c., butterflies. Tlie larviE of these are more or less covered w ith spines, and tlie chrysalids are sus- pended by the tail. VANG.D. t. [Sax.] To receive; to earn; to catch; to tln'ow; to answer for at the font as godfather. [Local] belonging to the Iguana group, and so called from its long tail. •UllOPLA'NIA, n. [Gr. cvf,,. urine, and iTAavaw; to Wander.] In palho., erratic urine ; an aft'ection in which the urine is conveyed to various parts of the body. ^T'RYLE, n. See Urile. IJ'SAGE, 71. [add.] Usage quaint, odd behaviour. [Spenser.] TJSANT, ppr. [Old Fr.] Using; accus- tomed. 1 Chaucer.] USE, V. i. [add.] To use up, to discomfit ; to destroy; to kill. [Local.] VSED, pp. [add.] Deported; demeaned. [Shah.] TJSUllP', V. i. To intrude ; to encroach. [Shah.] VSUKPA'TION, n. [add.] In the canon and civil law, intrusion. "U'TAS, n. Same as Utis, — xohich see. UTLAWRY,t ". Outlawry. UT'LEPE',t "• [Sax.] An escape of a felon out of prison. "UTRICLE, n. [add.] ,i. seed-vessel consisting of a very thin loose pericarp, inclosing a single seed ; any thin bottle- lilce body ; the two confluent glumes of Carex. — Among aljce, a term applied to those external kinds of fructification which contain a single spore, surrounded by a pellucid membrane; it is chiefly to be observed in the genus Ectocarpus. UT'TER,t adv. compar. of Out. Out- ward ; more out. UT'TERANCE, n. [add.] Elocution; , expression of thoughts by words. UT'TERED, pp. [add.] Put forth; ex- pelled. — Uttered heavenlij, expelled or put forth by the power of heaven. [Shah.] UT TEllESTE.t a. Uttermost. [Chau- cer.] UTTKEN,-j- infm. of Utter. To utter; to publish. [Chaucer.] UT'TIvEN.t pres. tense plur. of Utter. Give out; sell. [Chaucer.] VAST VEINING VENT-HOLE VAN'GA, 71. A genus of passerine birch iudigenous to South America, and allied to the shrikes and fly-catchers. VAN'6EE, h. a contrivance for work- ing the pumps of a ship. VANT OUR,t n. \ Fr. vaufeur.] A vaun- ter; a boaster. [Chaucer.] VAP'OKIZEK, 71. He or that which vaporizes. VAPOROUS, a. [add.] Whimsical; fanciful. VA POUR-DOUCHE, h. (doosh.) A topical vapour-bath, which consists in the direction of a jet of aqueous vapour on some part of the body. VA'POURER-MOTH, «. A common brown moth (0?*gr^/i"nanfi5Urt),the female of which cannot tly. VAR A'NUS, n. The monitor, a genus of lizai'ds, arranged by Linnceus under the great genus Lacerta. [See Monitor.] VaRIABIL'ITY, n. Variableness. VA'RIABLE, a. [add.] Variable stars, st-ars which undergo a periodical in- crease and diminution of their lustre. VA'RIABLES, n. Shifting trade-winds. V^\RIA'T10N, H. [add.] In astr., any deviation from the mean orbit or mean motion of a heavenly body, occasioned by another disturbing body. M'hen these deviations are compensated in comparatively short periods of time, tliey are caWed periodic variatioyis; but when the compensation requires an im- mense period of time for its consumma- tion, it is called a secular variation. VA'RIAUNT,t ppr. Changeable; va- rying. \ Chaucer.] VA'RIEN.t infn. of Vari/. To change; to alter; to vary. [Chaucer. \ VARl'OLAR, rt. SpeYATiioLOVS. VARIOLIC, a. See Variolous. VA EIOLOID, a. Resembling variola, or small-pox. VaR'MINT, 71. A corruption of vc7-min. [Vulgar.] VA'RUS, n. [L.] In patho., a pimple; an eruption. VA'RY, V. t. [add.] To express variously; to diversify in terms or forms of expres- sion. [Shah.] VAS'CULAR, a. [add.] Vascular sys- ieni, that part of tlie animal economy ■which relates to the vessels. — Vascular area, in phys., the space over which the vessels, formed in the germinal mem- brane of the egg, spread tliem-^elves. These vessels serve to take up tiie nom-ishment supplied by the yolk, and to convey it through the tissues of the embryo. — Vascular plants, a term ap- plied to the two great divisions of plants, Exogens and Endogens {includ- ing ferns and their allies), on account of the presence of spiral vessels or ducts in these plants, the tissue being then called vascular, and to distinguish them from the cellular plants, or those cryptogamic ones whose tissue is entirely cellular. VAS'IFOKM TISSUE, n. In bot., a name formerly given to that variety of cellular tissue now called pitted tissue, or hothrenchyma. [See Pitted Tissue in this Supp.] VAS'SAILL,H.Vessels.— ra.^5ai7 6.7iV(/, a cui>board. [ Scotch.] VAS'SALA(iE, «. [add.] Valonr: cour- age; prowess. [Chaucer.] [The word vassalage is supposed to have acquired these significations from the powerful and faithful assistance \\hich the vas- sals supplied to their superior lords in times of danger.] VAST, n. [add.] Silence; solitude; emp- tiness. [Shah.] — A great deal ; a lai'ge quantity. [Local.] Vastly, adv. [add.] Like a waste. \Shah.] VaS'TUM, n. [Law Lat.] A waste or common. VAT, V. t To put in a vat. vaticinate, v. t. To prophesy; to foretel. VAT TED, pp. Put in a vat ; as, vatted rum. VAT'TING, n. and ppr. Act of putting in a vat. — a. Relating to this act; as, vattinq charges at tlie docks. VAUNC'ING,t for Advancing. [Spen- ser] VAU'QUELINE, n. A name given to strychnia, — xvhich see. VAV'ASORY, II. [add.] Lands held by a vavasor. VAV ASOUR,t«. 5ce Vavasor. [Chau- cer.] V.\YNE,f a. Vain ; useless. [Spenser.] VE AL'-€UT'LET, n. A steak or slice of veal broiled. VEAL'-PIE, n. A pie made of veal. VEAL'-SKIN, n. In patho., an eruption of spots, giving a veal-like appearance to the skin. VECKE.f H, [It. vecchia, cormpted from L vetula.] An old woman, [Chau- cer.] VEC'TIGAL, n. [L.] Tribute; revenue; rent; taxes; &c. VE'G A, 71. A star of the first magnitude in the northern constellation Lyra. VEG'ETABLE, a. [add.] Vegetable e;wer.] VE'LIA, n. [L. vcIutji, a sail.] A genus of hemipterous insects. V. cin-rens is commonly seen running on the surface of brooks. VEL'LENAGE,t «- Tillanage or vil- lenage. [5'i>CH5tT.] VELLON', n. [Sp.J A kind of money in %vhich accounts are kept in many parts of Spain. VE LUM, n. [L. a veil.] In bot, a name given to a horizontal membrane con- necting the margin of the pileus of a fungus with the stipes. — Te^u»i paliti, in anat., the soft palate. VEL'VETED, rt. Partaking of the na- ture of velvet ; painted so as to resemble velvet. VEL'VET-LEAF, n. A name given to the Cissa7}ipelos pareira, on account of the silky down which covers the leaves. [See CissAMPELOs.] VE'N.E, n. plur. [L.J Veins. [See Vena.] VEND'ABLE,t a. Vendible; to be sold. [Chancer.] VEN'DACE, n. A species of the trout family found in Lochmaben. It is the Coregojvts WHlughbii. VENDUE',t n. [add.] This word is in use in the I7uited States and the West Indies. VENEER'-L0G,7J. Mahogany, or other wood, to be cut into thin pieces for veneering. VENEF iCAL, instead of VENEFI"- CAL. [add,] Addicted to sorcery or poisoning. VENEFI 'CIAL, a. Acting by poison; venefical. VENENATE, a. Infected with poison. VENE'REOUS, a. [add.] Giving vigour or inclination toveuery; as,vencreous drugs. VEN ERIE,t n. [Fr.] Venery ; hunting. [Chaucer.] VENETIAN, n. A native of Venice. VEN'EWED, rt. Decayed; mouldy. — Ve77ewedsf, most decayed; most moiJdy; as, ve/icic'dst leaven. [.SVmA.] VEN OEANCE, 7i. [add.] Mischief. [Shak.] VEN'IME,t n. Poison ; venom. [Chau- cer.] A^EM'RE FACIAS, instead of VENF- RE FACIAS. VE'NI SANG TE SPIR'ITUS, instead of VE'NI SANCTE SPIR ITIS. VENI, VI DI, VICLIL.] I came, I saw, I conquered. { Julius Ca^ar.] VE'NOUS,rt. [add.] Consisting of veins. — Venous si/ste7n, in rtHrt/., the whole as- semblage of veins. VENT, /(. [add.] Verd-bit, a kind of gimblet used for clearing the vent of a gun. — Vent-plug, a tiglit plug for stop- ping the vent of a gun during the pro- cess of loading. It is pressed into the vent by the thumb, and is intended to prevent the accidental discharge of the gun. VENT, V. t. [add.] To open, or make an opening ; to give passage to anything. VENT,t V. i. [add.] To ve7d i7ito the icind, to open or expand the nostrils to the wind ; that is, to suutf up the wind. [Si^ense?'.] VENTED, pp. Let out; uttered; pub- lished. — Ve7ttcd up, as the visor of a /if/me/, lifted up; raised up. [^>(?7Wfr.] VENT'-HOLE, 7t. [add.] A small orifice made in a closed vessel, in order to ad- mit the air to the surface of a liquid to YERNICLE VIBRATION VICTORIA be drawn off through a small aperture or pipe. "Without a vent-hole a liquid will not flow through a small aperture in a closed vessel. VEN'TILATOR, n. [add.] In ships, a wind-sail, — which see. VENTOSITY, n. [add.] Empty pride; vain-glory. VENTOUS'ING.t n. [From ventose, a cupning-glass.] A cupping. [Chaucer.] VEN'TRAL,a. [add.] In but, belonging to the anterior sui-face of anything; as, a ventral suture, which is the line running down the front of a carpel on the side next the axis. VENTRie'ULUS, n. [h.] A ventricle. VENTRIL'OQUIZE, v. i. To practise ventriloquism. VE'NUS'S FAN, n. A zoophyte of the genus Gorgonia, indigenous to the West Indies, but which has been sometimes cast ashore on our coasts. It is the G. ilabellum. VER, n, fL.] The spring. [Chaucer.] VER'AMENT,t adv. [Fr. vraiment.] Truly. [Chaucer.] VER'AY,t a, [Fr. vrai.] True. [Chau- cer.] VERBALIZA'TION, n. The act of verbalizing. VERDE, n. [Fr.] Green paint. VER'DEGRESE,t n. 6Ve Verdigris. [Chaucer.] VER'Die ACID, n. An acid obtained from the root of the Scabiosa Succisa, and other plants ; so named from its property of becoming green when ex- posed to tiie air. VER'DIGRIS, n. [add.] English verdi- gris, a spurious kind of verdigris, con- sisting of a sulphate of copper and ace- tate of lead. VER'DlTE,t n. [Anglo-Norman.] Judgment ; sentence ; verdict. [Chau- cer.] VERGALOO', n. [Fr. virgouleuse.] A kind of pear; called also virgaloo and hergaloo. VER6E, n. [add.] A quantity of land from fifteen to thirty acres. VER'6ER,t ft. [Fr.] A garden; an or- chard. [Chaucer.] VERlSIM'ILOUS,t a. Probable ; veri- similar. VER'MEILE,t I ft. See Vermilion. VER']MELET,t ] [Chaucer.] VERME'TUS, n. [L. vermis, a worm.] A genus of mollusea, the shell of which is tubular and contorted, and the ter- minal whorls spiral. One species may be mentioned, the V. lumbricalis, found in the seas near Senegal. VER'MICULE, ft. [L. vermicidus.] A little gi'ub or worm. VER'MIL,t ft. Vermilion VER'iMILjf a. Having the colour of vermilion. VERMIL'LIA, ft. A genus of annelides, at one time thought to be allied to Ver- metus, but having the terminal whorls of the shell not spiral, and quite a dif- ferent inhabitant. VERMINA'TION, n. [add.] Infest- ment of the skin by parasitic animal- cules. VER'NA6E,t ft. [It. vernnccia, from Verona.] A sweet wine. [Chaucer.] VER'NIt:LE,t n. [Dimin. of Veronica.] A miniature picture of Christ, supposed to have been miraculously imprinted upon a handkerchief, preserved in the church of St. Peter at Rome. Vernicle, veronica, and verony, were also names given to the cloth or napkin impressed with that figure. According to Skin- ner, these terms are derived from St. Veronica, whose napkin was believed to be so impressed. [Chaucer.] VER'NIER, ft. [add.] Instead of making the vernier equal to n -|- ^ "^f the pri- mary scale, as described in the Diet., it is more common and convenient to make it equal to n — 1 of the primary divisions; but the principle is in both cases the same. VER'NISII.t V. t. [Fr. vernisser.] To varnish. [Chaucer.] VERON'ICA,insteadofVERONr€A. VERRE.t ft. [Fr.] Glass. [Chaucer.] VERRUCA, instead of VER'RUCA. VERRU'C^, n. plur. In bot., warts, or sessile glands, produced upon various parts of plants. VERRU'COSE, VERRU'COUS, in- stead of VER'RUt'OSE, VER'RU- €OUS. VERSED SINE, n. [add.] [L, sinus versus, turned sine.] VERS'IF10UR,t ft. A versifier; a maker of verses; a poet. [Chaucer.] VER'SION, 7^ [add.] Circular motion. — In sig. 2, for " Cliange of direction," read Direction, VERTEBRA'TA,n.5eeA^ERTEBUATES. VER'TEBRATE.a. In 6o^. contracted at intervals, like t!ie vertebra of ani- mals, there being an articulation at each contraction, as in some leaves. VERT'IC AL, ft- A vertical circle, plane, or line. — Prime vertical. [See the Ad- jective.] VERTICIL'LATED, a. Same as Ver- TICILLATE. VERTICIL'LUS, n. [add.] In bat., a term applied to designate that arrange- ment of leaves upon the stem, in which more than two of tliem are opposite to one another, or are in the same plane, as in Galium. VER'TUE,t ft. [Fr. vertu.] Virtue; va- lour; prowess; etiicacy. [Chaucer, Spenser. ] VER'TULES,trt. Without virtue; with- out efficacy. [Chaucer.] VER'TUOUS,t a. Virtuous; active; efficacious. [ Chaucer.] VESICATORY, instead of VES'ICA- TORY, ft. VESICATORY, instead of VESICA- TORY, a. VESIC'ULA, ft. [L.] A little bladder or vesicle. [See Vesicle.] VES'SELL,t ft. [Fr. vaiselie.] Dishes and plates; plate. [Chaucer.] VEST, V. t. [add.] In laio, to make pos- sessor of; to invest with; to place in possession. To give an immediate fixed right of present or future enjoyment, as of an estate. VI'A, ft. [add.] A highway ; a road ; as, via retjia, the king's Iiighway. Vl'A6E,t n. [Sp.] A voyage; a journey by sea or land. [Chaucer.] Vr ATECTURE, instead of VIA'TEC- TURE. VIBRA'TION, ft. [add.] Coexistence of vibrations, or superposition of vibra- tions, a principle in mechanics, which seems to be only a particular case of what might be called the coexistence or superposition of small changes of any kind. If a set of small vibrations be given to any system, solid or fluid, the disturbance of any particle at any one instant, arising from the united efl'ect of the vibrations, will be the sum or difference of the disturbances arising from tJie several different vibrations, according as they are in the same oi" opposite directions. This is not strictly true in any case, but it is very nearly true when the vibrations are small.— 403 Vibrations of surfaces. If a rectangular plate of glass, fixed at one end, be set a vibrating in various ways by the bow of a violin rubbed against the edges, and sand be strewed on the surface, a num- ber of curious symmetrical curves and figures will be formed by the sand. These have been called sonorous figures, and nodal lines. VIBRIO'NID.E,ft. Microscopic eels, a tribe of animalcules, named from the genus Vibrio. VIC'ARY,t n. [It. and Sp. vicario.] A vicar. [Chaucer.] VICE. [L. vi'ce, in the room of.] A pre- fix, denoting, in the words compounded with it, one who acts in place of an- other, or one who is second in rank ; as, vjVe-president, Dice-chancellor, &c. Vice, ft. [add.] The newel, or upright pillar, round which the steps turn in a winding staircase. [ChaiLcer.] VICE'-ADMIRALTY COURTS, n. Tribunals established in her Majesty's possessions beyond the seas, with juris- diction over maritime causes, including those relating to prize. VrCE-eO'MES, n. [L.] A viscount; a sheriff. VICE'-CONSTABLE, n. An ancient officer in the time of Edward IV. VI'CE-DO MINUS, ft. [L.] A sheriff. VICE'-MARSHAL, ft. An officer who was appointed in assistance to the earl- marshal. VICE'-TREASURER, n. An under- treasurer. Vl'CETY.f ft. Nicety; exactness. VICIA,H. [add.] Viciafaba{hmu.),t\iQ common bean, Faha vul'/nris. VI' CIOUS INTROMISSION, ft. See Intromission. VieOUN'TIEL. See Vicontibl. VICTOR, a. Victorious; as, the victor Greeks. [Pope.] VICTO'RIA,ft. Oneof thesmall planets or asteroids between the orbits of JIars and Jupiter, discovered by Mr. Hind, September 13, 13-50. It revolves round the sun in 1303'5 days, and is about 2^ times the distance of the earth from the sun. VICTO'RIA, ft. A genus of aquatio plants, named in honour of her Majesty Queen Victoria ; nat. order Nymphace*. The V. regia is a native of Guiana and Brazil. This most magniiicent stove- Tictoria regia. aquatic is now in several collections in this country; its large spreading leaves are three to five feet in diameter, and have a rim three to five inches high ; and its immense rose-white flowers some- times, when fully expanded, attain a VIRGIN-OIL VOID VOLUPTUARY diameter of twenty-three inches. In South America it is called icater-maize. ViE,t n. Contest ; emulation. VI ET AR'MIS, instead of VI ET AR- MIS. VIEW, V. i. To look; to take a view. VIEW, n. [add.] In law, an inspection of property in controversy ; or of a place ^vliere a crime has been committed, by the jury, previously to the trial. VIG'IA, n. [Sp.] A look-outhouse; a watch-tower. VI(i'ILE,f \n. A vigil; the eve of a VI(i'lLIE,f J festival; the wake or watching of a dead body. [Chaucer.'^ VIG'NITE, 11. A magnetic iron-ore. VIL'AINSLy,t adv, ViUaiaously. [Chaitcei\^ VIL'ANlE,t n. [See Villain.] Wick- edness; injury; anything unbecoming a gentleman. [Chaucer.~\ ViLDE,ta. Vile; wicked. [Spenser.] VIL'LAIN, n. [add.] A wox*thIess per- son ; a person of mean birth. [Shak.] VILLAT'I€, instead of V1L'LATI€. VIL LEIN SERVICES, n. In feudal law, base, but certain and determined services. [See Villenage.] VILLOS'ITY, n. In bot.y shagginess; a coating of long weak hiiirs. VI'iMEN, n. [L.] A long and flexible shoot of plants. VINCETOX I€UM, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Asclepiadaces. V, officinale inhabits the south of Europe. It is emetic and purgative, and is an old antidote to poisons. VINEGAR-EEL, n. The An^H/-. [5eeViRELAr.] A light kind of song. [.SiJeH^er.] VlR'ETON,t n. [Fr. virer, to tui-n.] A species of arrow or quarrel shot from the cross-bow, and so called because it spun round in its flight, the feathers being made slightly spiral to insure this. VIR'GA, n. [L.] A rod or ensign of office. VIRGALOO, 71. 5ec ViRGOLEusE. VIR'GATED, a. Same as Virgate. VIK GER, 7i. AVe Vekger. VIRGIN IC ACID, n. An oily acid ob- tained from the senega-root; named from Virginia, whence the plant was originally sent. VIR'GIN-OIL, n. The substance which flows first from the pulp of the ripe juice of the olive when expressed. VIR'GIN'S BOWER, n. [add.] Sweet virgins bower, the Clematis Jiammula (Linn.) It grows in the south of Eu- rope; the leaves are powerfully epispas- tic, and the flowers deliciously fragrant. The leaves are used as a rubifacient in rheumatism. VIRGIN'S JIILK, 71. A favourite cos- metic. It is prepared by mixing one drachm of the simple tincture of ben- zoin with four ounces of water. VIRGOLEUSE', instead of VIR'GO- LEUSE. VIRGULA'RIA, n. [L. ri7v/H?fl, a little rod.] A genus of coralliferous polypi, closely allied to the genus Pennatula. One extremity is always without polypi, and somewhat resembles the bai'rel of a feather. VIRGULT'UM,n.[L.] A young slender branch of a tree or shrub. VIS, 71. [add.] Vis major, in laic, inevit- able accident; irresistible force. VIS'AGE,t u. t. To front; to face a thing. \Chaitcer.] VISCON'TEIL, )7i. [N.-Fr.] The jur- ViCON'TEIL, I isdiction belonging to the oflicers of a county, as sheriffs, coroners, escheators, &c. In EnijUsh law-books, vicount lias the same mean- ing as sheri^ff', the former being of Korman.. the latter of Saxon origin. — Vicecomilalia. in law-books, denotes things belonging to the sheiiff, parti- cularly certain farms, for which the sheriff' pays a rent to the king, and makes what profit he can of them. The system, however, is not now in practice. VISCOUS, a. [add.] Viscoits fermenta- tion. [See Fekmentation.] VISEjf 71. for VEZE,t n. Tumult; com- motion. [Chauce/:] VIS IBLE,t 71. That which is seen by VIS'IBLY, adv. [add.] Perceptibly to the mind; manifestly. VIS'ION, V. t. To perceive in vision; to dream. [Rare,] VISITE', 7i. (ve-zef.) [Fr.] A modern cap worn by ladies. VISNE, 7J. [add.] Pron. ve'-ne. VIS'NOMIE,t7i. iSccViSNOMY. [Spen- ser.] VIS TO, 72. 5ee Vista. Through the long tisto of a thousand ycnrs. I'ouiiff^s Night Thoughts. VI'SUS, 7J. [L.] The sight; the sense of seeing; view; inspection. VIT'AILLE,t 7j. [Fr. victuailks.l Vic- tuals. [Chaucer^ VITEL'LUS, instead of VirELLUS, 71. [add.] ViteJlus ovi, the yolk of an egg. VIT'RIOLATE, a. Same as Vitriol- ated. VIT'RUM, 71. [L.] Glass. VIVARIUM, n. [L.] In the Regent's Park, a park ; a chase ; a warren ; a stew, or fish-pond. VI' VERS, n. plur. (vee'vers.) Food; eatables. [Scotch.] VIZ'AMENTS, 71. plur. Advisements. [Shah.] A'O'CAL, a. [add.] Articulate. VOICE'FUL, a. Having a voice; vocal. VOID, a. [add.] Void and voidable. In law, these terms ditt'er in signification. Void means that an instrument or transaction is so nugatory and ineftec- tual, that nothing can cure it ; voidable, that an imperfection or defect can be cured by the act or confirmation of him who could take advantage of it. Thus, wliilo acceptance of rent will make good a voidable lease, it will not affirm a void lease. 404 VOIDE,t V. t. [See Voiu.] To remove; to quit; to make empty. [Chaucer.] V01DE,t u. i. To depart; to go away. [Chaucer.] VOID'ED,;)^. [add.] Removed. [C/mw- cer.] VO'LAGE,t a. [Fr.] Light; giddy; tickle. [Chaucer.] VOLAN'TE-PIECE, n. An additional covering for the front of a helmet for the tournament, affixed to the grande-garde. The salient angle of this ^ piece was made so nX \ sr^\ ^^**'"P> that, unless ^- \ ' I ^ the lance was fur- nished with acoro- nel, it was impos- sible to strike it. Tiitin? noimet, Tvi.h VOL'ATILE, f n. [add.] nild fowl; game. [Fr. volatille^ VOLCA'NO, instead of VOL'€ANO, n. [add.] Mad-volcanoes, those which have eruptions of mud only, as the mountain of iNIacualiiba in Sicily. VOLE, 71. Tlie field-vole is the Arvicola agrestis, and the water-vole the A. am- phibiiis. [See Arvicol.^ in this Siipp.] AOLKON SKOITE, n. A soft mineral, containing oxide of chromiimi, found in the veins and nests in Mount Jess- mictsUi, in Siberia. VOL TA-ELEeTROM'ETER, n. An instrument for the e.\aet measurement of electric currents. The current to be measured is made to pass through water acidulated by sulphuric acid, and the gases evolved by its decomposition are collected and measured, thereby giving at once an expression of the quantity of electricity which has passed. VOLTAG'RAPHY, n. [Vulln, and Gr. tff", to describe.] Tlie art of copy- ing in metals, deposited by electrolytic action, any form or pattern, which is made tlie negative siu-face of a voltaic circuit. VOLTA'IC, a. [add.] Vollaic circles, galvanic circles. [See Galvanic] VOL'TAITE, 71. A species of iron- alum. VOLTAM'ETEK, instead of YOLTA'- aiETEK. VOL'UliLE, a. [add.] In bol., twisting; applied to stems wliicli twist or twine round other bodies, as that of the hop. VOLUME, n. [add.] Laic of definite volumes, in chem., the mode in whicii gases unite, one volume of one gas com- bining with an equal volume, or twice or three times the volume of another gas, and in no intermediate proportion. [See No. 3.] VOLUMINOUSLY, adv. [add.] In rolls or volumes ; in masses rolled on successively VOL'UMUS. [L. we will.] In /crw, the first word of a clause in the royal writs of protection and letters-patent. VOL'UNTARY, a. [add.] Volnntarif convet/ance, in law, a conveyance which is made on a good, and not on a valu- able consideration. — Voluntart/ deposit, a deposit which arises from the mere consent and agreement of the parties. — Vuluntari/ ixdemption, in Scots lair, is wlien the wadsetter (mortgagee) re- ceives his money, and then renounces vuluntary. VOL UNT£E,t 71. [Fr. volonte.] Will. [Chaucer.] A'OLUP'TUARY, a. Given to pleasure; voluptuous. WAISE WALKING-STICKS WAMBLE-CROPPED VOL'VULUS, n. [L. volvo.] In pafho., the same as Intussusception, — which see. VOMITURI'^TION, 71. An ineffectual effort to vomit. VOR'Tl€oSE, a. 'Whirling; turning; vortical. VORTl6'INOUS. a. Havin? a mo- tion round a centre; as, a vortujinous whifl. VO'TUM, n. [L.] A vow or promise. VOUCH, V. t. [add.] To support; to maintain; to bacli; to follow up. [3/i/- ton.'] V()UCHE,t V. f. or i. To vouch.— Vouch^en, infin. mood. Voucken sai/f, to vouchsafe. — Voucheth savf, vouchsafe ye. — 27(6 kiug vouches it save, the king vouchsafes it. [Chaucer.] VOULCjE, 7(. [Qu., Fr. vuurre, a boar- spear, or hunter's staff'.] In ancient armoiify a peculiarly shaped military implement affixed to the staff, like the pike OP halbert; called also languC' de-bceufj from its resemblance to the tongue of an ox. \_See cut in Diet. Spear.] VOW, V. i. [add.] To threaten solemnly, or upon oath ; as, to voiv vengeance. [Shnk.'] VOW'ELHSII, instead of VOWEL- ISH. VOY'A(5EABLE, a. [add.] That may be sailed or travelled over. VUL'GARLY, adv. [add.] Pablicly. \Shah.] VULNIF'ie, instead of VULNI'FIC. VUL'PILINE, or VULPIN'I€ ACID, n. An acid substance obtained from the Lichen vulpinns of Linn. VUL'PIS MORBUS, h. [L.] Baldness; decay and fall of the hair ; alopecia. VUL'TUS. 71. [L.] The looks; the coun- [ tenance. J VUL'VA, 77. [L.] In anaf., an elliptic opening inclosed by the labia majora of the pudendum. — Vulva cerebri, a small foramen of the brain. VUY'DEKS, n. In anc. armour, gniders; straps serving to draw together the various parts of the armour. ¥. WA\ n. A wall. [Scotch.] Waal, 71. a well. [Scotch.] WAD, V. t. To stuff with tow, cotton, rags, or other soft substance ; to make up in small parcels. WAD, V. auxil Would. [Scotch ] WAD'-HOOK, 7f. A rod with a sort of screw, to draw wads out of a gun. AVAD'MOLL, n. A very coarse cloth manufactured in the iGth century. WADNA. Would not. [Scutch.] WADSETTER, h. In Scots law, one who holds by a wadsett. [See Wad- set.] WACIIT,t for Watched, [Speiisei:] WAE, 71. Wo. [Scotch.] M'AE,f 71. Woe. [Spetiser.] WAE'SOME, a. Woful; melancholy. [Scotch.] WA'FEUER,t n. A person who sold wafers; a sort of cakes so called. [Chaucei:] WAFF, ;i. A hasty motion ; the act of waving; a slight stroke from any soft body ; a sudden bodily ailment ; a blast. [Scotch.] WA'FOURES,t «. plitr. Wafers; a sort of cakes. [Chaucer.] Waft, re, [add.] A sweep ; a lift. WAFT'ER, H. [add.] A blunted sword, formerly used in military exercises and sword-and-buckler play. WAFT'ORjf n. A conductor of a vessel at sea. WA6'ET,t/z. [5eeWATCiiET.] Pale or light blue. [Chaucer.] WAG'MOIRES,t 72. phn: Quagmires. [Spenser.] WAG'NERITE, 77. A rare mineral which occurs at Salzburg in small veins of quartz in clay-slate. It consists of tiie phosphoric and tluoric acids, mag- nesia, iron, and manganese. It was formerly confounded with the Brazi- lian topaz. WAIF, a. Strayed ; vagabond; solitary; worthless; ignoble; inferior. [Scotch.] WAIF, 77. [add.] A wanderer. WAlMENT',t V. i. [Fr. guementer.] To lament; to mourn; to complain; to fret. [Chaucer.] WAIMENT'ING,t n. Lamentation. [Chaucer.] WAlNE,t n. 5*66 Wain. [Chaucer.] WAIR, n. A piece of timber, two yards long and a foot broad. weiIe; l^f '• '^°, ^^^^j ^° ^^^^^t. WEYSE,) V^<^<^i<^''-\ WAIS'IXG, \ppr. Leading; directing. WEIS'ING, ( [Scotch.] WAIST, 7J. [add.] Waist ■a7ichor,Si%'p^re bower-anchor in a war-vessel. WAIST'ER, 71. [add.] Waisters are green hands, or broken-down seamen, placed in the waist of a man-of-war, to do duty not requiring much exer- tion, or a knowledge of seamanship. WAlTE,t V. L [See Wait.] To watch. [Chnucer.] WAKE, 72. [add.] A ship is said to stay to the iceather of her xcahe, when, in her staying, she is so quick, that slie does not fall to leeward upon a tack; but that, when she is tacked, her wake is to the leeward. WAKE'iMAN, n. The chief mafcistrate of the town of Ripon, in England. WAKE'RIFE, \ a. Vigilant; watch- WAUK'RIFE,) ful. [Scotch.] WA-LA-WA,t interj. See Welaway. [Chaucer.] WALE, re. [add.] In a three-decked ship-of-war there is a middle wale, be- tween the chain or channel wale and the main-wale. WALE'-KNOT,) 71. Instead of the WALL'-KNOT,) words, "shuts, tacks, and stoppers,"' read sheets, tackles, and stoppers. WALHAL'LA, instead of WXL'IIaL- LA. WAL'IE, a. Excellent; large; ample. [Scotch.] WAL'ISE,77. A portmanteau ; avalise; saddle-bags. [Scotch.] WALK, V. t. [add.] To u-alk the lylarJt, an expression borrowed from the prac- tice of pirates, who, when they deter- mine to destroy those on board of a captured vessel, place a plank project- ing over the side, and. force their vic- tims to walk out on it till they slip off into the water. — To walk into, to get the upper hand of ; to take advantage of; to scold severely; to punish; to give a beating to. [Co7nmon vid'jar ex- pression.] WALK'ING-€ANE, n. Same as Walking-Staff. WALK'ING-LEAF, n. The common name of insects of the genus Phylliura. [See PiiTLLiuM in this Supp.] WALKING-STICKS, 7(. The various species of insects of the orthopterous family Phasmida; are so called, from tlie resemblance of most of them to ! pieces of stick. The gigantic Uiura , 405 Titan of New South Wales, a species of the family, is very solitary in its habits, Walking strnw, DiKj-a TUan, and is locally named walhing-stratv, or animated stic/t. WALL, n. A well. [Scotch."] WALL'ABY, 7*. The larger species of kangaroos are often so named in Aus- tralia. WALLETBER', n. One who carries a wallet. WAL'LIE, 71. A valet. [Scotch.] WAL'LOP, 7}. A quick motion ; a vaulting; a leaping backwards and forwards; a severe blow. \ Scotch.] WALL'oWING,;);>r. [add.] Weltering. WALL'-PIE, n. A plant. WAL'LYDRAIGLE, 77. The youngest bird in a nest; hence, any feeble ill- grown creature. [Scotch] WAL'NOTE,t ". A walnut. [Oiau- cer.] WAL'TER.t r. i. To roll; to welter. WALTH, 77. Wealth; riches; plenty. [Scotch.] WAL'WE,t V. i. [Sax. icalwiau.] To tumble about; to wallow. [Chaucer.] WAL'WING,t Pi^r, Wallowing. [Chau- cer.] WAM'BAIS,t n. [Sax. wambe, the ab- domen.] A body-garment stuffed with ■wool, which ultimately became cor- rupted into gambeson. It was used as an extra defence by soldiers in the middle ages. WAMBLE-CROPPED, a. Sick at the stomach; ^f77/7'o^*cp^,'/, wretched; hu- miliated. [American.] AVAR KAM 00 WEE WASH-BOWL WATER-GLADIOLE WAMEFOU, > . K 11 <• 1 re J 7. 1 WAME FU (■"• A bellyful. [Scotch. \ WAMP'ISH, V. t. To brandish; to Hou- rish; to toss about in a threatening, boasting, or frantic manner. [Scotch.] WAN,/>ref. andpp. of TT'i/iorTFon. Got; won. — Wan o'er, sot over. [Scotch.] WAX,+ pret. of Win. Gained ; earned. [Chaucer.] WAXG, n. [add.] A cheek-tooth, or grinder. [Chaucer.] WASGER.t n. A pillow for the cheek. [Cliaucer.] WAX ION, n. A misfortune or cala- mity; vengeance; the devil. [5(*o/cA.] WAXXLE, a. Active; strong; healthy. I Scotch.] I WAXT, r. t [add.] To fall short or be ' deficient in something necessary for the ! completion of some certain number, I quantity, time, age, &c.; as, I want only i three months of sixty. I WAX'-THRIVEX, a. Stunted; de- caved; in a state of decline. [Scotch.] I WAX'TRUST,t n. LUeraUy, waned I trust ; decaying or dying trust ; dis- I trust. [Chaucer.] WAP, v. t. To throw quickly ; to flap. [Scotch] WAP, n. A throw ; a quick and smart stroke. [5co/fA.] WAP'PEXED,+ a. See Waped. WAP'PEKED, a. Restless; fatigued. [Local.] WAR, n. [add.] Articles of war. [See Article in this Supji.] WARD, n. [add.] Ward of court, an in- fant under the protection of the court of chancery. WARD'AGE,f n. Money paid and con- tributed to watch and ward. WARDE-€OKPS,t n. [Ft. garde- corps. See Ward.] A body-guard. [Chaucer.] AVAKDElX,t n. [See Warden.] A warden of a college ; a guard ; a keeper of a gate, f Chaucer.] WARD EIXS,tn.p'ur. Guards; watch- men. [CAa»cer.] AV .A RD 'EX-PIE, 71. A pie made of war- den-pears. iShah.] WARD EREKE.t n. A warder; a staff. [Chaucer.] WARDEVIT,+ a. Quit of giving money for the keeping of wards. WARD ROPE.t In. [Fr. garde-robe.] AVARD UOBE.t ) A water-closet; the place where a close stool is kept. [Chaucer.] AVARE. n. [add.] Stuff; materials. WaRELESSE,+ a. AA'areless. — /7w vrareiesse paine, his pain of which he was not aware. [Spenser.] AVAR lAXGLE.t n. A small wood- pecker. [Chaucer.] WAR'ICE,t 1 V. t. [Fr. guerir, to cure, AVAR'ISH.f (" to heal. From guerir we have guarish, used by Spenser; and by the substitution of w for gu we get tcarishf or icarice.] To cure ; to heal. [See G.^KisouN in this Suj^p.j [Chaucer.] WARICE,-!- 1 V. i. To recover from A\' ARISH.t (■ sickness. [Chaucer.] AA'AR'ISOX,f n. [From garison, or gar- nisoK.] Preparation; provision; supply; guerdon ; reward. [Chaucer.] A\'AR'IS6X,n. [Fr. guerre, and son, war- sound.] A note of assaidt. [W. Scott.] AVARK, n. AVork. [5co(cA.] AVARKAMOO'WEE, n. A canoe with out-rigger, used at Point de Galle, island of Ceylon. It is generally manned by four or five Lascars, who sit grouped together for hours at the end of the lever, adding or taking away a man ac- cording to the strength of the wind. The warkamoowees, during the north- east monsoon, even when blowing very hard, venture 20 and 25 miles from land WjiAanH»«e« orPt.iutde Gate. for the purpose of fishing, or to carry i fruits to vessels in the oHing. Tliey j often sail 10 miles an hour. WARKE.t n. Work. [5;>enser.] | AVARK'LOOMS,n. Tools; instruments. : [Scotch.] I WARLD, n. World. [Scotch.] WARM-BLOODED AXIilALS, n. A name given to mammalia and birds which have a tw^o-fold circulation, viz., j that w-hich takes place in the lungs, | called the pulmonic, and that which ' takes place through the entire system, called the stfstemic circulation. WAUJI HEARTEDXESS.n. Anaffec- | tionate disposition ; cordialitv. AVARXE,t ti. t. [See AAabx.] To cau- tion ; to apprize ; to deny ; to refuse, i [Chaucer.] \ WARXE STORE,tt' <.[From Fr. gar- ' nison, and Eng. store.] To furnish ; to store. [Chaucer.] AVARP, V. i. [add.] To work itself for- ward : as, insect-armies icarp. WARPlXG.n. [add.] Warping a ship, the act of moving her along by means j of a warp made fast to a dolphin, or to any object on shore. ' WAR-PROOF, a. Able to resist a war- AVARRAXTT, n. 'add.] Warranty of lands is altogether superseded in prac- i tice by 3 and 4 AA'm. lA"., cc. 27, 7-t. W.\R'RaTD,t pret. Made war upon. [5;»pnser.] [ WAR'RIEjf )i*. ^ [Sax. tcerian, tcaeri- WAR'lEjf ) <;an.] To curse ; to exe- crate; to abuse; to speak evil of. — Also written \carray and icerrey. [See AA'ORRT.] [ Chaucer.] AVAR'SGOT,t n. Acoutribution usually made towards armour in the time of the Saxons. WARSE, a. or adv. AA'orse. — TTar**, w-orst. [Scotch.] WAK^XJ'M'-- '■■ To wrestle; to A\ Ah 6ELL, > .. re t^t. i wrastxe;) ''"'^^- t-^'"'"*] AVARST'LE, \n. A struggle; aivrestle. AVAR'SELL, ) [Sco(cA.] AVARTU,-j- n. A customary payment for castle-guard. AVART-nOG.n. A name given to pachy- dermatous animals of the genus Phaco- l- chrErus, from the projecting append- ages about the head. They are natives of Africa. The en- Hraj of TViTt-to;. graved figure is the P. (Elani. WASH,t a. Washy; weak. AVASH'-BOWL, n. A bowl to wash in. 406 WASH'EX.t pp. of Wash. Washed. \ Chaucer.] WASHERAVOMAX'S SCALE, n. A species of psoriasis, or scall, which appears on the wrists and fore- arms of washerwomen from the irritation of soap. WASH'-HAXT) BA- SiX, n. A basin for washing the hands in. WAS'NA. Was not. [Scotch.^ AVASP-TOXGUE, n. A peevish and mis- chievous tongue. ,Shak.] '^~_ - WASTE, a. [add.] Un- inhabited. [Sj)en». t. [add.] To wait for; to expect ; to look for. WATCH ET.+ n. A pale blue colour. WATE,t f. 1. [See Wit.] To wit; to know. [Chaucer.] WA'TER, n. [add.] Oxygenated voter, peroxide of hydrogen, a liquid contain- ing twice as much oxygen as common n ater. It instantly bleaches litmus and other organic colouring matters. WA TER, r. i. [add.] To void urine. AVA'TER- APPLE, n. A tree, the An- ona of Linna-us. WA'TER-BIRD, n. A bird that fre- quents the water. WA'TER-BOATMAX, n. The boat-fly, a hemipterous insect of the genus Xo- tonecta, so called from its swimming powers, and two of its legs being longer than the rest, and looking like oars. [See Bo.\t-Fly in this Suj'p.] AV A' T E R - B R O O, n. AVater-gruel. [Scotch.] WA'TER,-€ALTROPS, n. A plant of the genus Potamogeton. WA'TER-FLEA, n. A small entomos- tracous crustacean, common at times in fresh-water. It belongs to the genus Polvphemus. WA'TER-FLT, n. [add.] A name given to the species of Perla. WA'TER-G a6E, n. A seawall or bank to restrain the current and overflow ing of the water. AA'A'TER-G.AiXG, n. A trench or course for conveying a stream of water. WA'TER-GLADIOLE, n. A jlant, tl:e JJutomus ujnbeltatus (Linn.) WEAR WEIGHT-NOTE WELSH-HOOK WA'TER-INCH, n. In hydraulics, a measure of water equal to the quantity discharged in 24 hours through a cir- cular opening in a thin plate, of one inch diameter, under the least pressure, that is, when the water merely covers the orifice. This quantity is 500 cubic feet very nearly. W4'TER-LAIDR0PE,n.5eeR0PEin this Supp. WA'TER-PURPIE, n. Water-speed- well; brook-lime. [Scotch.] W^'TER-RADISH, n. A species of water-cress. AVA'TER-RET, v. t. To apply water to flax or hemp; to water-rot. W4.'TERS€APE,«.[m//er,ande*ca;>e.] An aqueduct or passage for water. WA'TER-SHREW, n. An insectivorous aquatic animal, the Sorex fodtens. W4'TER-TUPE'LO, h. A plant, the Nyssa deniieiilata (Linn.) WATH'ER, n. Weather. [Scotch.] WAT'TLED, pp, [add.] Formed of hurdles; inclosed with hurdles. WAUCH, \a. Unpleasant to the taste WAUGH, J or smell; nauseous; bad; worthless. [Scotch.] WAFF ' \^' ^^^ Waff in this Siipp. AVAUR'ED, pp. AVorsted ; vanquished. [Scotch.] WAA'■E,ti9re^of TFeaye. Wove. [Chau- cer. 1 WAVE'-LOAF, n. A loaf for a wave- oifering. AVAWES,t for AVaves. [Spenser.] AVAAVES,t for Woes. [Goirer.] WAWL, \v. i. To look wildly; to roll AVAUL, \ the eyes. \Scotch.\ AVAWS, n. plur. Waves. — Waws, wells., and sicelchies, waves, whirlpools, and gulfs. [Scotch.] AVAX'-BILL, n. A small finch, genus Estrilda, so called from its beak being red like wax. It is often kept in cages. WAX'EN, a. [add.] Resembling wax ; soft as wax. WAX'-PAPER,«. A kind of paper pre- pared by spreading over its surface a coating made of white wax, turpentine, and spermaceti. AVAX'-SeOT,t n. A duty anciently paid twice a-year, towards the charge of wax-candles in churches. AVAY,f V. t. To weigh ; to press with weight; to regard; to esteem. — To downeway, to weigh down; to over- balance. [Spenser.] AVAy,t V. t. To put in the way; to teach a horse to go in the way. WAY, V. i. To journey. AVAY, n. [add.] The time in which a certain space can be passed througii or over; as, a furlong-wau, a mile-icai/, signifying any short time. [Chaucer.] AVAY,t adv. Away. — Do way, do away; put away. ] Chaucer.] AVAY'D,f ]-r^t. Journeyed. [Spenser.] WAA'E.f V. t. To weigh ; to press with weight. [Chaucer.] AVaY'MENT,! v. i. [add.] To bewail. [Spenser.] WAY'MENT,t n. Lamentation. [Spen- ser.] WEAK, a. [add.] Weah evils, evils which are causes of weakness. [Shah.] WEAL-A-AVAY',t interj. Alas! [See AVelaway.] WEAL'REAF,t n. [Sax. u-eal, and reaf, spoliation.] The robbing of a dcLid man in his grave. WEAN'ELL,f n. A weanling; an ani- malnewly weaned. [Spenser.] AVEAR, V. i. [add.J To last; to endure. [Scotch.] II. — Supp. AVEAR, r. (. [add.] To wear the jacket, a phrase which alludes to a custom, now obsolete, by which, on paying a certain fee, or otherwise making in- terest with the huntsmen of the Cale- donian hunt, any citizen aspirant, whose rank did not entitle him to become a member of that society, might become entitled to the field privileges of the hunt, and, among others, was allowed to wear the jacket of the order. [Scotch.] weir!' }"• ^^^- ['^^'"^''■1 WEAU'IFU, a. Painful; distressing; tiresome. [Scotch.] AVEA'RY, V. i. To become weary ; to tire; to become impatient of continu- ance. Ou tlie Idea of one niontli, Alphius collected his money, and liy tlie calends nt" tlie next, he wearied of tlie country, and longed to re- turn tu his old eninluynient. Pemble's JHHutat'tons on Horace. AVEATH'ER-BREEDER, H. A cloud- less sky, after a succession of rainy days, which is considered to denote rain. [Local.] AVEATH'ER-GAW, v. A weather-gall, — which see. [Scotch. | WEAVED,t 2)p. [See AVave, v. i.] Waved; floated. [Spenser.] AVEA'A^ER'S SHUTTLE, «. A species of shell, in which the aperture is pro- duced into a long canal at each end (Ovulum volva) ; it belongs to the same family as the cowries. WEB, n. [add.] Web, and the pin, dim- ness of sight ; cataract. [Skak.] AVEBBE,t*". [Sax.] A webber ; a WEB,t ) weaver. [Chaucer.] WEB'STERITE,n.Aluminite; hydrous subsulphate of alumina, found in Sus- sex, and at Halle, in Prussia, in reni- form masses and botryoidal concretions of a white or yellowish-white colour. AVEDDE,t n. [See Wad.] A pawn or pledge. — To tcedde, for a pawn. [Chau- cer.] WED'DER, n. A castrated ram; a wether. [Provincial. \ WED E,t n. [Sax. wad, wa:da. See AVeed.] Clothing; apparel. [Chaucer,] WEDE,f n. [Sax. iciod.] A weed; a useless herb. [Chaucer.] WEED, n. [add.] A cant name for to- bacco. AVEED, n. [add.] Raiment. [Spenser.] AVEEL, a. or adv. AVell. [Scotch.] WEEL, n. AVeal; prosperity; advantage. [Scotch.] WEEP, V. i. [add.] To flow; as, the blood weeps from my heart. [Shak.] WEEP, V. t. [add.] To pass or consume in weeping; as, she icept away the rest of her life. [Addison. \ WEET, V. i. [add.] To be informed; to have knowledge. WEET,t V. t. To wet. [Sj^enser.] WEETE'LESSE,ta. [i>eAVEET.] Un- knowing; unknown; not understood. [Spenser. ] AVEE'VILLY, instead of WEE'VILY. WEFTE,t pp. [See AVaive, Wave.] AVaived; avoided : removed. [Spenser.] WEFTE,t {71. [See Waif.] A wan- WEFT,t I derer. [Spejiser.] WEIGH, V. t. [add.] 2'o weigh out, to outweigh. [Skak.] WEIGH'-BAUKS, n. The beam of a balance for weighing. [Scotch.] WEIGH'-SHAFT,«..S'eeWiPEK-SHAFT. WEIGHT, I n. A kind of sieve, without WECHT, ) holes,for winnowing corn. [Scotch.] WEIGHT'-NOTE, ) n.A slip of pa- WEIGHT'-TICKET, J per, written or 407 printed, on which is marked the amount of goods, coals, &c., delivered tu a por- ter, carman, or other bearer, to insure exact delivery, or become an evidence of defalcation. WEIGHT' Y, a. [add.] Of importance or authority on account of experience, wisdom, or virtue ; as, the weightiest men in the weightiest stations. [Swift.] AVTFT ' [ "■ '^ small whirlpool. [Scotch.] AVEISE, \v. t. To lead; to guide; to AVEIZE, J point out; to show the way; to direct; to put in the wav. [Scotch.] WEIS'SITE, n. [In honour of Professor Weiss of Berlin.] A mineral of an ash- gray or brownish colour, found at Fa- lun in Sweden, in oblique rhombic prisms. Its principal constituents are silica, alumine, magnesia, and potash. WEIA^E,t V. t. [See AVaive. AVave.] To forsake; to decline; to refuse. [Chau- cer.] AVEIA^E,t V. I. To depart. [Chaucer.] WEIV'ED,t i^p. Departed, i Chaucer.] AVEKE,f V. i. [See AVear.1 To become orgrow weak. [Chaucer.] AVElvE,t a. AVeak. [Chaucer.] AVEKEE'. a word to express the neigh- ing of a horse. [Chaucer.] AVEL,f adv. AVell; in a good condition. [ Chaucer. ] AVEL'COME-TO-OUR-HOUSE, n. A plant, Lactuca marina. AVELD,t V. t. To wield ; to manage ; to direct. [Spenser.] AVELDE.t V. i. To govern; to wield. [Chaucer.] WELD'Y,t«. Wieldy ; active. [Chau- cer.] AVELE,t«rfy. Well. [Chaucer.] AVELE,t 7(. [See AVeal.] Prosperity; wealth; good fortune.— TTWe or wo, prosperity or misfortune. \Spenser.] WELE'FirL,t rt. Productive of happi- ness. [Chaucer.] WELE'FULNESS,! n. Happiness. [Chaucer.] AVELKE,t 2iret. of Walk. AValked. [Chaucer.] AVELKE,t V. I. [SeeWELK.] To wither; to decay. [Chaucer.] AVELK'ED, pp. [add.] Withered; mouldy, tracted. [Chaucer.] — Shortened ; con- 1 Spenser.] WELK'ED, {a. Fulled, as cloth; cal- AVAUICIT, f lous. [Scotch.] AVELL, a. [add.] Just; right; proper. 0! Fui-L-uis, vvHs tins well/' Sha/c. WELL, adv. [add.] Well to do, well oft'; in a state of ease as to pecuniary cir- cumstances. [ Colloq.] — Well appeared, rendered apparent. [Shah.] — Well liking, in good condition. [Skak.] AVELL, V. t. [add.] To cause to flow, [Spenser.] AVELL,t H. Weal; well-being.— TTe//- apaiM, well satisfied. — Well avizing, looking with attention. [Spenser.] AVELLEjt (?- i- To flow as from a spring. [Chaucer.] AVELL'. FLETCH'ED,t a. AVell fitted witli feathers; as, a well-Jletched arrow. AVELL'-PLE AS'EDN ESS,t n. State of being well-pleased. WELI/.VOW'ELLED, a. Having a proper intermixture of vowels; formed with melodious vowels; as, well-vow- elled wr)rds. WELL-WISHED, a. Beloved; be- friended. [Shah.] AVEL'METH,t for AVelleth. Spring- eth. [Chaucer.] WELSH'-HOOK, n. A weapon of war, anciently used by the AVelsh, and sup- posed to liave been a pike with a hook WF.STER WHELK-TANGLE WHIRLWIG placed at some distance below its point, like some of the ancient partizans. AVELTE,t pret. of Welde. Governed. [CA«KCer.] WELTER'S TUBE.n. A safety-tube in- troduced into a Wonlfe's bottle, to pre- vent retrograde pressure. [See Woulfe's Apparatu.s. I WEL'-THEW ED,t | '< {See Thew.] WELL'-TIlEW'£D,t) Well -educat- ed; endowed with good qualities ; full of moral wisdom. [Chaucer, Spenser,] WEL'-WIL'LY.t «• [5ee Willy in this Supp.] Favouj'able; propitious. [Chau' cer.] WEMME.t n. [Sax. &eWEU.] A spot; a fault; a blemish. — Without wemme, spotless; faultlej^s. [Chancer,'] WENCHE.fn. See Wench. [Chaucer,] WEND,t n, [Sa\. wendan,] A certain quantity or circuit of ground. WEND.t for \Vened, pret, of Wene (Ilrai). Thought; fancied; intended. [Chaucer, Spe}iser.] WENDE.t V, i. See Wend. [Chaucer.] WENDE.t «. for Wene. [Chaucer,] WEND'EN,tprc(.2(/K.-.of Wene, [Chau- cer,] WENEjf v,i, [Sax. ivenan, 5ee Ween.] To tliiuk; to suppose; to deem. [Chau- cer,] WENE,t "■ Guess; conjecture; sup- position. — Withuuten tceue, not by sup- position ; certainly. [Chaucer,] WENT,t l>l>. of Waul, Gone. [Chau- cer,] AVENT,t ». [From wend.] A way; a passage; a turning or tossing; a turning backwards and forwards. [5pe/iA"er.J WENT.t V, t. for W.\nt. [Chaucer.] WEP.t pret, of Wcpe {Weep), Wept. [Chaucer.] WiiPE'LYjf a. Causing tears. [Chau- cer, 1 WEP'EN,t «• A weapon. [Chaucer] WEReUE.f for Wekke. Work. [Chau- cer,] WERE. [add. J Were preceded by if, is often followed by the infinitive mood, implying appointment, obligation, or necessity. — As it were, a qualifying phrase, used to soften expressions which might otherwise seem harsh. WERE,t for WER'EN.t pret, plur. of Am, At times used for Had. | Chaucer.] WERE.t r. t. [See Weak.] To wear; to defend. [Chaucer.] WERE,f n. [Fr. guerre,] War; warfare; dissension; confusion. [Chaucer.] WER'£N,t pret, plur, of .4m. Were. [Chaucer.] WEKE'NA. Were not. [Scotch.] WERKE.t n. [G. werh,] Work. [Chau- cer,] WERKE.t K. i. or (. To work. [Chau- cer,] WERKES.t «• Pl- of Werhe, [Chaucer.] WERN, 71. A sear. [Scotch.] WERNE.t V, t. To warn. [Chaucer.] WERRE,f n. War; confusion. [Chau- cer.] WEK'REIE,! i>. <. To make war against. [Chaucer,] WERSE.f a, compar, of Bad, Worse. [Chaucer.] WERSH, \a. Insipid; tasteless; deli- WARSCH, ) eate; having a pale and sickly look. [6'coNESS.[5AaA.] AVILD'-FIRE, n. [add.] The Lichen vircumscrij)tus, an eruptive disease, con- sisting of clusters or patches of papula.'. 4oa WILD'-FIRE RASH, n. The Strophu- lus volaticus, a species of gum-raah, in which the pimples are in clusters or patches, generally flying from part to part. AVILD'-GERMAN'DER, n. A plant of the genus Teucrium. WILD'GRAVE, ) n. [G.] In the ofd AV ALD'GRAVE, ) German empire, the head forest-keeper: chief wond-rangcr. The tvilJi/rupe winds Iiis bu^le-honi Sir If. Scott WILD'-LICH'EN,?!. Lichen agrius, an eruptive disease, in which the papulre are distributed in clusters or large patches of a vivid red colour. WfLD-LIQ'UOKICE, H. A plant the Ahrus j}recatorius, a native of the West Indies. WILD'-OLIA^E, V. Oleaster, a nani-i given to plants of the genus Elieagnua. AVILD'-PLAN'TAIN, ". A plant, the Alisma 7'anunculoidex. WiLD'-PUR'SLANE, n. A plant, the. JEujdiorbia peplis. AVILD'-ROCKET, n. A plant of the genus Sisymbrium. WILD'-ROSE MARY, n. A plant, the Andromeda poll folia. AViLD'-TANSY, n. A plant, the Poten- tiUa anserina. AViLD'-THYME, n. A plant, the Thy- mus serpi/lltnn. AViLD'-VlNE, n. A plant, tlie Viiis labrusca. A\''ILL, n. [add.] Estate at will, in law, is where lands and tenements are let by one man to another, to have and to hold, at the will of both parties, land- lord and tenant; so that either may determine his will and quit his con- nections with the other at his pleasure. It is the lowest estate that can arise by agreement between parties. — Will or nill, willing or unwilling. [Spenser.] AVILL'-A-WA, exclam. AVeal away! woe is me! [Scotch.] WIL'LET, n. A common shore-bird in the United States, the Totanus semipal- matus, remarkable for its atfection for its young and its eggs. AVILL'OW, n. [add.] AVhite willow, Salix alba ; dwarf creeping willow, S. repens ; osier-willow, S. viminalis ; crack willow, S.fragilis ; rose- willow, S. hilix ; golden willow, t?. vitellina ; Bedford willow, ^. Husseliana ; sweet willow, S. pentandra. WILL'OW-LAUK, n. The sedge-bird, — xchirh see. AVILL'OW-NIGHTINGALE, n The Emheriza schceniclus. AVIL'LY,t a. [Sax. u'ac/rt, u-e^a, felicity, prosperity.] Favourable ; propitious. [Chaucer.] AYILN.f lor AVilt.en, plur. of Will, v. t. \ Chaucer.] AVILNE.t I', t. [Sax. willan.] To will; to desire. [Chaucer.] AVIM'PLE,t n, [add.] The linen plaited cloth which nuns wear about their necks. [Spensei'.] AVIM'PLED, rt. A'eiled. [Shak.] AVIM'PLED,t pp. Plaited; covered. I Spenser.] AVIN, V. i. To get; to have anything in one's power; to arrive at any particu- lar state or degree. — To win by, to get past, — 7'o win to, to reach. — To win uff, to get away; to escape. 2. To be ac- quitted in a judicial trial. [Scotch.] AVIN, V. t. [add.] To reach; to attam; to procure; to get; to gain. [Spenser. \ AVINCH AND AXLE, n. [add.] A small windlass, which consists simply of an axle, which is turned by a '.vinch. WISE WLATSOME •WOOD-CORN WIND, n. [add.] A ship is said to hold a good wind when she presents so great a lateral resistance to the water, while sailinc close-hauled, that she makes very little lee-way. WIND, f. ^ [add.] To icidrfiip, to close up ; to silence an opi>onent in a debate; to eft'ectually demolish. [American.] WIND'AS.t ) "■ [Tent, windas, from WIND'ACE.t ( winden, to turn or twist.] A pulley ; a windlass; an engine for raisin? stones, &c. [Ckaitcer.] WIND CONTU'SION, h. In sur., a contusion supposed to be produced by the air, when rapidly displaced by tlie velocity of a projectile, as a cannon- ball. It is now, however, considered to be occasioned by the projectile itself, either striking; obliquely or being in the condition of a spent ball. WINDE,f V. i. To wind ; to turn round. [Ckaucer.] WINDE.t V- I. To wend; to go. [Chancer.] WiNDERlNG, for Winding. [Shah.] WIND'LASS,?!. [.add.] Windlass lining. pieces of hard-wood titted and bolted round the windlass, to prevent it from beint; chafed. WIND'LASS,t f- '• To act indirectly or warily. AVIND'LES, n. A turning-frame upon which yarn is put to be wound otf. [Scotch.] WINDLESTKAE, n. See Windle- .STR.\WS. WIN DOW-BOLE, n. The part of a cottage-window, which is filled by a wooden blind which may occasionally be opened. [Scotch.] WINDOW-TAX, n. [add.] This tax is now abolished, and a house-duty sub- stituted for it on the gi'oss rental of all houses of which the yearly rent amounts to £20 and upwards. WIND-PLANT, n. An American pe- rennial plant. WIND'-SAIL, n. In explanation of wood-cut, instead of the words, " from jib-stay," read, from a fore, main, or niizzen stay. WINE'-TEST, n. A re-agent for de- tecting the presence of lead in wine, by converting the acid into a salt of lead. It is usually formed by dissolving one half-ounce of .'■ulphuret of arsenic and one ounce of lime in one half-pint of dis- tilled water, and filtering the solution. WING'-SHELLS, n. The various spe- cies of shells of tile family Strombida?, so called from tlieir expanded lip. WINIvLE-HAWK.n.[D.i(iHAt/-/,aa/t.] A rent in the shape of the letter L, fre- quently made in cloth ; also called a winkle-hole. [New Yo7'h term.] WIN'NA, ( „..„ , re. , ,^ WUN'NA.J " ■ I*'-'''™-] WINNE,t !■. «. [5eeWiN.] To gain.— To icinne to, to attain. [Cliavcer.] WIN'TER-GULL, In. A species of WINTER-MEW, j gull, the Lams cmitis. AVIKE-WOR>L n. For " Hemerhipus" read Agrioies. The A. segetis is a spe- cies of elateridous beetle. It lives iive years in the grub state, during all which time it lives upon roots. The name wire-rrorm seems to be derived from its slender cylindrical form, and great hardness and toughness. WIR'RY,t f. r To worry. [Chaucer.] AVIS.t ( <"lv- (From wis, v. (.] Cer- AVlSLY.tl fainlv. [Chaucer.] AVlSARDS.t ". I'hir. [See Wizard.] Wise or learned men. [Spenser.] WISE, a. ladd.l Aevcr the iciscr, with- out intelligence or information ; utterly ignorant of. 'file I'leteniler, or fluke of Ciinibritlge, nia\ hntli 1)6 h.nrted, nnd 1 uerer the tciser. Swift WLSE -WOMAN, n. A witch. [Shah.] AVISU'EDLY.t adr. According to de- sire. WISH'Y-WASII'T, n. Anysort of thin weak drink. [Scotch.] AVISP, V. t. To brush or dress as with a wisp. WISSE,t I'. (. [See AVis.] To teach; to direct. [Chaiicer.] AA'ISTE,tpre(.of in>. Knew.[C7iaHef)-.] AVISTLY, adv. [add.] Attentively; wistfully. [iSAf//i.] AVISTONWISH, instead of WIS'- TONAVITH. AVITE,t I'. (. [See Wit.] To know. [Chaucer.] AVITE, V. t. [add ] To censure; to im- pute to. — To wite the witelesse,to blame the blameless. [Ckaucer, Spenser, j AVITE. t n. [Sax.] A punishment, pain, penalty, or mulct. AVITH,p)-e;>. [add.] According to Tooke, with has descended to us from two different Saxon verbs, viz., icithnn, to join, and wi/rthan. to be. Generally speaking, when with denotes instru- ment, cause, means, it is the imperative of Wfirihan, to be, and is equivalent to hy ; when it denotes union or conjunc- tion, it is the imperative of withan, to join. — With mischance, with misaven- iure, &c., are parenthetical curses, sig- nifying be mischance, be misaventure, &c., to him or them concerning whom those words are spoken. WITH, n. A twig used as a band for tying ; a twig. [See AVithe.] AVITHE, V. t. To bind with withes or twigs. AVITHERNAM, n In place of the definition given in Diet., substitute the following: — In law, a writ for the tak- ing or reprisal of other cattle or goods, in lieu of those that have been unjust- ly taken, eloigned, or otherwise with- holden. 7'he cattle or goods thus taken are said to be taken in withernam. The same word also signifies reprisals taken at sea bv letters of marque. AY I T H ■ E R S H I M S , adr. AVrong- ways-about ; from right to left ; con- trary to the motion of the sun. [Scotch ] AVITHHOLD ,t JJP- of Withhold. AVith- held; retained; detained. AVITHSAIN',t infi7iit. of Withsav. [Chaucer.] AVlTHSAY'.t I', i. [Sax. wilhcr-sacgan.] To contradict; to deny. [Chaucer.] A\ ITIlSEYE.t I'. *. Same as Withsat. [Chaucer.] WITH'Y-AVOODY'.K. A rope oftwisted wands. [6'e()?rA.] WIT'NESFULLY, adv [From iciV- ne.ts.] Evidently. [Ckaucer.] WIT'NESS, V. I. [add.] To presage; to foretel ; to foretoken ; as, to witness storms to come. [5Aoft.J WITTE.t ". AVit: understanding; ca- pacity — To my ■witte,m my judgment. [Chaucer.] AVIT'TERS, n. The barbs of a fishing- spear, or of a tishing-hook, &c. ; the throat. [Scotch.] AVITTES.t ". plur. [See AViT, No. 8.] The senses of man. [Chaucer.] AVIT TING, pj))-. Knowing. [*^ WiT.l AVrr'TY,a. [add.] Of sound judgment; of good understanding. [Shak.\ WiVE.t ". for AViF. AVife. [Cknticcr.] AVIV'ERN, instead of AVIV'ERN. AVLAT'SOME.t " [Sax. lathian, and term, some.) loathsome. 410 WO,f n. [See AVoE.] AVoe; sorrow. — Wo were us, woe were to us. [Chancer.] — Wo worth the man ! cursed be the man. [6"pt7wer.] WO,t a. Sorrowful. [Chaucer.] WODE.t i a. [Sax. irorf.] Mad; furi- WO()D,t) ous; outrageous; violent. — For leode, like anything mad. [Chau- cer.] AVODE,t V. i. To grow mad. [Chaucer.] WODE'WALE,t n. [Belg. widewael.] A bird ; the golden oriole ; also the great spotted woodpecker. [See AVitwali..] [Chaucei'.] AVOD NE;;S,t n. Madness. WOE,t o. Sad; sorrowful. [SiJeiisfc] WOI'WODE, H. See AVaiwode. AVOLjf r. au.riliari/; i^ret. Wolde. [See AViLt.] To will. It is used sometimes by itself, the verb which should follow being understood ; as, and to the wood he u'ol, that is, will go. — As she to water wolde, that is, would dissolve into water. [Chaucer.] WOLD,t PP- of Wol. Willed ; been will- ing. I Chaucer.] AV O LD E,t I^ret. of Wol. AVould.— IFoWe God! God wulde.' O that God were willing!— A'c wulde God.' God forbid! [Chaucer.] WOL'DEN,t pl. of Wolde. [Chaucer.] AVOLF'ISH, a. [add.] In Western Ameri- ca, savage; savagely hungry. AVOLKONSKOITE, n. An emerald green mineral containing oxide of chro- mium, iron, silica, and magnesia. It occurs at Perm in Russia. Written also Volkonshoite. WOL'NYNE, n. A variety of sulphate of baryta, found at Muzsay in Hungary. WOM'AN, n. [add.] Woman oftke world, a married woman. [5/mA.] AVoMANHEDE,t n. AVomanhood. [Chaucer. | WOM'AN- TYRED. See Woman- Tired. WOM'ER AH, n. The stick orimplement with which the Australians throw their spears. AVON.t for WONED, pp. [See AVoxt.] Accustomed. [Spenser.] A\'ONDE,t V. i. [Sax. wandian, from Iranian, to wane.] To desist through fear; to omit; to remit; to feai-; to revere. [Chaucer.] WONDE.tprrt. of Wind. Turned; bent. [Chaucer.] WONDE,t pret. of Won or Wone. Dwelt. [Chaucer.] A\'oNDEU,t "• AVonderful. [Chaucer] WON'DEROUS, a. See AVondrous. WONE,t n. [See AVont.] Custom; usage; habitation; quantity; plenty; a heap; an assembly. [Ckaucer.] WONE,t I', i- To dwell. [See AYon.] [Chaucer.] WON'ED,t pp. of none. [See Wont.] AA'ont; accustomed. [Chancer.] WON'EDEN.t pret. plur. of Wone. Did dwell. [Ckaucer.] AVONG.t «. [Sax.] A field. WON'ING.t In. [Sax. wununge.] A WONNING.t i dwelling; a habita- tion. [Ckaucer.] AVONNE.tw. of TT7nnc (Win). Won; conquered; begotten. [Chaucer.] WONNE.t V. i. [See AVon.] To dwell ; to inhabit; to stay; to abide. [.Spenser.] AVONNE,t n. Habitation. [Speiwer.] AVONN ED.t pret. of Wonne. Dwelt; frequented; haunted. [Sjienser.] WONT.t )>;>. for Wonted. Used. [SpeJiser.] WOO", n. AVool. [Scotch.] AVOOD'-€ORN, n. A certain quantity of" grain paid by the tenants of some XA.NTHIC TLOWERS XANTIIOPIIYLL XANTHOUS manors to the lord, for the liberty to pick up dried or broken wood. TVOOD'-DOVE, n See WoodPigeon. WOOD'-GELD, u. In laic, the cutting of' wood within the forest, or rather the money paid for the same. W O O D ' I E, n. The gallows. [See Wiunv.] [Scoich.] WOODING-PLACE, v. In the United States, a station on the bank.s of a river where steamboats stop to take in sup- plies of wood. WgOD'-LEOPARD, n. A beautiful white, black-spotted species of moth, Zeuzera lesculi. The caterpillar lives in the wood of trees. WpOD'-MOSS, n. Moss growing on wood. WOOD'PECK, n. The woodpecker. WOOD'-SL.WE, n. An active little lizard, common in Jamaica (Maboiiya ayilis). WOODS'MAN, 7!. 5ee Woodman. w66D -STONE, n. [add.] Wood con- verted into hornstone. WOOD'-WREN, »!. Two species of warblers which visit Britain; one is the yellow wood-wren {Sylvia sibilalri.r] ; the other is the willow-wren {Sylvia trochibis). They both leave in autumn. WOOLFES APPARATUS, n. See Woui.fe's Appar.^tiis. WOOLLENETTE', n. A thin woollen stiirf. WOON.t V. i. \See Won.] To dwell. \Spenser.^ WOONT.t for Wont. {Spenser.'\ WOR'BLES, n.The same as Wornils. The larvae of CEstri, or bat-flies, found on cattle. WOR'CESTERS, n. An old name for woollen cloths manufactured in Wor- cester. WORD, K. t. [add.] To deceive by fair language, or by empty faithless words. \Shah.\ WORD'LES,t a. Speechless. [Chau- cer.^ WORK, V. t. [add.] To agitate ; to throw into vehement perturbation ; to harass. \Shah.]— To purge. [Swift.] WORLDES.t for World's, genitive of IFoi'W. Used in the sense of icorldly ; as, every u-oiides sore ; my worldes bliss. [C/mwccr.] WORM'-OIL, V. An oil obtained from the seeds of the Chenopodium anthcl- mintieiim. It is a powerful anthelmintic. WORM'-SHELL, n. The species of the genus Vernietus ; so called from their long twisted shape. WOR'RETING, w. Contention ; wrang- ling. — Worry-carl means a snarling ill- natured person. [Scotch.~[ WOR'RIE€OW,n. A hobgoblin; abug- bear; a scarecrow ; the devil, 1 Scotch.] WOR'RY, n. Perplexity ; trouble ; har- assing turmoil ; as, the worry of busi- ness ; the ^corr// of politics. [Colloq.] WORSE, n. Something less good ; the loss, not the advantage ; not the bet- ter ; as, he was put to the worse. * WORS'TEAD.t n. Worsted. WORT. A termination. [See Worth.] WORTH', V. i. [add. ] To go ; to climb ; to mount. [Chaucer.] WORTH, n. [add.] Fortune; wealth. [Shak.] WORTHINE OF LAND. A certain quantity of ground, so called in the manor of Kingsland, in Hereford. The tenants are called worthies. WORTS, II. pliir. The generic name of cabbages. [Shak.] WOST, t for WoT'EST.f Knowest. [Chaucer.] WOT,t pret. of Wot. Knew. [Chaucer.] WOTE,t V. i. See Wot. [Chaucer.] WOULD, V. t. Same as WooLD. WOUND, 11. [add.] Gunshot-icounds, those caused by hard metallic bodies projected from tire-arms. WOUND, pp. of Wind. Twisted round; as, I am all wound with adders. [Shak. \ WOO'RALY SHRUB, n. The Slrych- nus toxifera. [See Woubali.] WOVEN, j;;). of Weave. ^OWE,t|„.,T„_. WOWED.t pre(. [5ec Woo.] Wooed; courted. [Spenser.] WOWF, a. Wayward: wild; unreclaim- ed ; disordered in intellect. [Scotch.] WOXE.t pret. of ir«.rc or Wexe {Wax). Grew. [Chaucer.] WRACK, t «• (rak) Destruction of a ship by winds or rocks; ruin; wreck. [Shah.] WR ACK.t V. t. (rak.) To destroy in the water; to wreck ; to torture; to rack. WRACKE.t n. [See Wreck.] Ruin ; violence. [Spenser.] WR.\IE,tl f. t. [See Bewray ] To be- WRAY,t ) tray ; to discover. [Chau- cer.] WRAIK, n. A kind of sea-weed. [See Wreck 1 WRAIN'-STAFF, n. See Wring- Staves. WRAPT,t ?';'• [See Wrapped] In- volved ; entangled ; encumbered. [Spen- ser.] WRATH,t t'- '• To cause wrath or anger. [Chaucer.] WRATH'EN.t I'. ( infin. To make angry. [Chaucer.] WRSWE,t \a. [This word seems to he WRaW,-j- I connected with brawl, xvrangle, ivrath, wreah, writhe, and wry, and is most probably a corruption of wry.^ Angry ; peevish. [Chaucer.] WR<\WL,-|- > u. i. To bestow care and WR^'VIX,'!- / an.xiety upon anything; to moan. [See Wkawl in Diet.] [Chaucer. Spenser.] WRAW'NESS,t n. Peevishness; fro- wardness. [Chaucer.] WRAY,t V. t. See Wraie in this Supp. [Chaucer.] W R E A K ' E D,t pret. [See Reck] Recked; cared. [Sjyenser.] WREtHE.t". [See Wreak.] Revenge. [ Chnucer.] WRECK'-FREE, a. Exempted from the forfeiture of shipwrecked goods and vessels, as the Cinque-ports. This pri- vilege was granted to these ports by a charter of Edward I. WRENCH, V. t. [add.] To pervert. [Shah.] WRENCH'ES.t n. pi. [See Wrench.] Wrongs; frauds ; stratagems. [Chaucer.] WRETH'EN,t pp. of Writhe. Twisted. — Wrelheii in fere, twisted together. [Chaucer.] WREYE,t V. t. See Wraie in this Supp. [Chaucer.] WRIE.t V. t. [Sax. wrigan.] To array ; to cover; to cloak. WRIE,t V. i. [See Wry, Writhe.] To turn; to incline. [Chaucer.] WRIG'GLER, n. [add.] One who works himself forward by unremitted and varied employment of base means. [Cowper.] WRINE,t for WRi'EN.t injin. of Wrie. To cover; to conceal; to cloak. [Cliau- cer.] WRINK'LE, n. An idea; a notion; a fancy. [Local.] WRIT, n. [add.] A great number of writs were abolished by the Act 3 and 4 Wm. IV.. c. 27. WRITH'ING,t H. A twisting; a tnrn- ing. [Chaucer.] W R I T H ' L E D, pp. or a. AVrinkled. [Shah.] WRIT'ING, n. [add.] Obliijatory writ- ings, in laiv, bonds. WROK'EN,t pp. of Wreah. Revenged. [Spenser.] W R O N G E,t pp. of Wring. Wrung. [Cliaucer.] WRONG'-HEAD, a. Wrong-headed. WROTE,t V. i. or t. [Sax. ivrutan.] To dig with tlie snout, as swine do. [See Root.] [Chaucer.] WRY'ING, ppr. Deviating from the right path. [Shah] WUD, a. Mad. [See Wood.] [Scotch.] WUD DY, n. See Woodie in this Supp. WULL, n. Will.— IFAnCi yer tcull, what is vour pleasure. [Scotch.] WULL-A-WINS, exclam. Woe is me ! [Scotch.] WULL '-CAT, n. The wild-cat; cat-a- mountain. [Scotch.] WUN, V. t. To win; to get in all its senses. [Scotch ] WUN'NA, ) ,,,.„ . re,,-, WIN'NA. i^ ""'• i^'^o''^''-] WUSS, D.'i. or?. To wish. [Scotch.] WUZ'ZEN,t \pp. or a. [See Wizen.] WIZ'ZEN.t ) Dried; withered. [Scotch.] WYDE,f 71. for Void. An empty space. [Spenser.] WYLIE-fOAT, n. A boy's flannel under-dress, next the shirt; a flannel petticoat. [Scotch.] WYTE. n Blame. WYTE,t V. t. [SceWiTE.] To blame: to reprove. [Spenser.] WYTEl), pp. Blamed. WYT'EN.t \prcs. tense pi. of Wyte or WiT'EN.t ) Wite. [Spenser.] X. XAN'THIC FLOWERS, n. In hot., those which have yellow for their type, and which are capable of passing into red or white, but never into blue. Those flowers of which blue is the type, and which are capable nf passing into rel or white, but never into yellow, have been termed cyanic flowers. XAN'THlDE.ii. A compound of xantho- gen and a metal. XAN'TllOPHYLL, n. See Xantiki- riivLi.P. 411 XAN'THOUS, a. [Gr. 5«.D«, yellow.] A term applied by Dr. Pritcliard to that variety of mankind which includes all those individuals or races which have brown, auburn, yellow, flaxen, or red hair. TARE.E YEDDINGES YELLOW YOLDRING XENODOenEUM, instead of XEN- ODO'CHErM. XENODOt'HrUM, n. Same as Xcno- DOCHEl'M. XE'NOPS, n. [Or. Jua.-, strange, and /v^. the countenance.] A genus of iusesso- rial birds of South America, allied to the nuthatches. The A', iieniharbis has a bill different from that of any other bird. XIBA'KO, n. A wild dog found in St. Dominiro. XIPH'IAS DORADO, n. The Sword- tish, a modern southern constellation consisting of seven stars. XIPHID lUM, n. A genus of plants with sword-shaped leaves, nat. order Ilteniodoracea. X. album is a native of the West Indies. XYLIT'I€ ACID, «. An acid obtained by treating anhydrous .xylite ftith hy- drate of potash. ^ See Xylite.] XYLOBAL'SAMUM, n. [add.] A baU sam obtained by decoction of the twigs and leaves of the Amj/ris gileadensis in water. XYLO€'OPA, n. [Or !«>.*.-, wood, and 1. Violet Cwpenter-hee Uytocopa rioltireal; 8 Profile or Uc^ Hith M&ndiblfci; 3. Piece of Wood bored by the Bev. eem a cutting, incision.] The carpenter- bee, a genus of hymenopterous insects, with sftarp-pointed mandibles, which bore holes in wood. It is an extensive genus. The species are often of a deep blackish-blue colour. XYLOI'DIXE, n. The name given to paper which has been immersed for a moment in strong nitric acid, and then washed in distilled water. By this process the paper acquires the toughness of parchment, and the combustibility of tinder. XYLOPHAGAXS, n. See Xtlo- PIIAGI. XYL'OPHAOE, a. Feeding upon • wood. XYLOPH'ILANS, n. See Xtlo- FMILI. XYLO'PIA, n. [add.] X. aromatica is known by the name of African pepper. The fruit of X. grandijlora is a valu- able remedy for fevers in Brazil. XYPHOSD'KA, n. See Xiphosura. Y[add.] y, at the beginning of many • old words, especially verbs and participles, is merely a corruption of the Sax. ge. What the power of it may have been originally, it seems ditfi- cult to determine. For the most part, it does not appear to have any effect upon the sense of a word ; but in some cases it serves to increase or augment the signification, by denoting a pro- longation or continuity of action, mo- tion, or sensation. In such cases, it would appear to have the force of go ; and we still tind current, in the north of England, such phrases as, I must go see, go build, go plant, i:c. Only a few of the words found in Chaucer with the prefix y are inserted in this Sup- plement ; the significations of the others will be found by turning to the same w-ords without the prefix, there being no difference, for instance, in significa- tion between y-blessed^ y granted, &c., and blessed, granted. YA.f adv. Yea; yes. [Ckaueer.] YAF,t pp. of Yeve. Gave. [Chaucer] YAFF, V. i. To bark like a dog in a passion ; to yelp; to prate; to talk pert- ly. [Scotch.] YAFF'LER. ) n. Local names for YAP'PINGALE,) the green wood- pecker {Picus viridis). YAG'GER, n. A hunter; a ranger about the country; a travelling pedlar. [See Yagers.] [Scotch.] VALD, )a. Supple; active; athletic. VAULD, f [Scotch.i YALTE.t for Yelte. Yieldeth. [Chau- cer.] YAM'MERED, pret. [See Yameb.] Made a loud ontcrv. [Scotch.] YAN'IvEE-DOODLE, n. [add.] The author of the Bound lowers of Ireland traces this word to the Persian, nanki- dooniah, '• inhabitants of a new world ;" which Layard (in his \ineveh) also mentions as the Persian for America. YANK ING, n. Way of talking English. \ Scotch. ]~ppr. or a. Active; pushing. [Scotch. \ YARK, r. ^ 5«Yebk. VaR'IvE, n. The native name of differ- ent South American monkeys of the genus Pithecia. j YAUD, n. A jade ; a mare. [Scotch.] YAUD. Far yaud, the cry made by a shepherd to his dog when he is to drive away some sheep at adistance. [<5Co/c*A.] YAUL, n. See Yawl. YAUP. n. The cry of a bird or of a child. \ Scotch.] Y WE, -^ pret. of Ycve. Gave. [Chaucer.] Y-BE.f ;»/). of ^m. Been. [Chaucer.] Y-BER'LED,t pp. of Bury. Buried. [Chaucer.] Y-BETE,t ;>y'. of Beat. Beaten; stamped; impressed. \Chaucer.] Y-BLEXT',t ;)/>. Blinded. [5/Je;wer.j Y-BLINT,t pp. of Blind. Blinded. [Chaucer.] Y-BORE,t pp. of Bere {Bear). Borne; carried. [Chaucer,] Y-BOURD'ED,tpp. of Bourde. Jested. [Cftaucer.] Y-CHAP'PED,t pp. Furnished with chapes. [See Chape.] [Chaucer.] Y-CLOUT'ED.t pp. of Clout. Wrapped in clouts or rags. [Chaucer.] Y-DEL ED,t;>p. of Dele {Deal). Divid- ed; distributed. [Chaucer.] Y-DO',t for Y-DoN,t pp. of Do. Fin- ished; done. [Chaucer.] Y-DRAWE',t pp. of Draw. Drawn. f Chaucer] YE.f adv. Yea; yes. — 1>, tcisy yea, cer- tainly. [Chaucer.] YEARN, V. {. To coagulate as milk. [Scotch.] YEARN, V. t. To cause to coagulate or curdle. [^ro^cA.] YEARXE,t V, t. [See Earn.] To earn ; to gain ; to procure. [*Si>eH^er.l YEARN'ED.t pjk [Aee Earn.] Earned . gained; deserved. [Spenser.] YEARN'ED, pp. or n. Coagulated. [Scotch] YEARN ING, n. Rennet, [Scotch.] YEAST, n. [add.] Artificial yeast, a fev- ment, which may be prepared by boiling malt, pouring off the water, and keep- ing the grains in a warm place to fer- ment, repeating the process till a suffi- cient quantity is procured.— Yeast-plant, called Torula cerevisite, is now under- stood to be not a distinct plant, but a state of the Penicillium glaucum, or vinegar-plant, — which see. YEDDlNGES,t «. ^lur. [Qu., Ice. 412 g(Bda, to ornament; Scot, yed, to fib, to magnify in narration.] Stories; tales; romances. [Chaucer.] VEDE,t pret. of Yead {Go). Went, [Chaucer.] YEFTE,t n.p/ur. Yejies. A gift [Chau- cer.] YELDE,t V. t. To yield: to give; to pay. — God yelde you, God reward you. I Chaucer.] YELL EDEN,t pret. ptur. of Yell. Yelled. [Chaucer.] YELL'OCH, V. i. To scream; to shriek. [Scotch.] YELL'OCH, n. A shrill cry; a yell. [Scotch.] YELL'OCHED, pret. of Yelloch. Raised a shrill cry. [Scotch.] YEl/LOW, a. [add.] Yellow fibrous tis- sue, a kind of tissue distinguished by its yellow colour, and its great elasti- city. It is seen in the ligament of the neck of many quadrupeds. It is also found in the walls of the arteries, to which it gives its peculiar elasticity; and it also forms the vocal cords of the larynx — Yellow colouring matters. [See Yellow Dve.I YEL'LoW-BREASTED, a. Having a yellow breast. YEL'LOW EARTH, ». [add.] This mineral when burned is sold by the Dutch under the name of English red. YEL'LuW GUM, w. The jaundice of infants. YEL LOW SNAKE, n. A large specie.^ of boa, common in Jamaica. It is the Chilabothrus inornatus, Dum^ril. and Cihron. It is from eight to ten feet long. YEL'LOW SrC'CORY, n. A plant, the Pitris pieracroides (Linn.) YEL'LOW WALL -LICHEN, n A species of lichen,the Parmeliaparietina, which grows on trees and walls. It is bitter, yields a yellow colouring matter, and is used in intennittent fevers. YEL'LOW WASH, n. A lotion for ul- cers, formed by the decomposition of corrosive sublimate in lime- water, w hich occasions a precipitate of a deep mellow colour. YEL'LOW YOLDRING, In. A bird, YEL'LOW YOR'LING, J the yellow hammer. [Scotch.] ZEBRA-WOOD ZERO ZHO YELPE.t V. i. [See Yllp.] To prate ; to boast. [Chaucer.] YKLTE, t for Yelueth. Yieldetli. [Chaucer.] YE'MAN.t n. A yeoman. [Chaucer.] YE'MANRIE.t n- Yeomanry; the rank of yeomen. [Chaucer.] YE'.MEN.t ». jilur. Yeouien. [Chaucer.] YEO'MAN.H. ladd.] A bailiff's foUower. [Shah.] YER. Your. [Scotch.] YEUDE.f u. A yard; a rod; a staff. — Under the yerde, under the rod ; subject to chastisement, as chiUiren. [Chaucer.] YEKE,t for Yehes. Years. [Chaucer.] YERL, n. An earl. [Scutch.] YERNE.t 1 T YERN,t r ^'■°"- YERNE.t a. [Sax. yrnaii, to run. See Earnest, and Yeakn.J Brisk ; eager. [Chaucer.] YERNE,f ado. Briskly ; eagerly ; earn- estly ; early. — As yerne, soon ; immedi- ately. [Chaucer.] YERNEjf V. i. To yearn ; to desire ; to seek eagerly. [Chaucer.] YERN'ING.t n. Activity; diligence; earnestness. [Chancer.] YESTERDAY, adii. On the day last past. YES TERNIGHT, adv. On the night last past. YESTREEN',?!. Last night ; yesternight. [S-otch.] YEST'Y, a. [add.] Stormy; enraged. [Toohe.] YET'EN,t 2*. of Ycte (Get). Gotten. [Chaucer.] YEVE.t V. t. To give. [Chaucer.] YEVEN,t ) n- r/^i. i YEVE t (''''■ "'*^''' [Chaucer.] YEW-'tREE, n See Yew. Y-FALLE',tw. of i^aH. Fallen. [Chau- cer.] Y-FEIN'ED,t pp. of Fciiie (Feign). Feigned; pretended. — The hates of lordes may not ben y-fcined, the com- mands of sovereigns may not be exe- cuted with a feiyned or pretended zeal ; they must be executed strictly and fully. [Chaucer.] Y-FOND'EN,t Pl>- of Fonde (Find). Found. [Chaucer.] Y-FOSTERED,t pp. Educated; nour- ished. [Chaucer] Y-FRET'EN,t pp. [See Frette in tliis Supp.] Devoured. [Chaucer.] Y-GET'EN,t p;). Gotten. [Chaucer.] Y-GLOSED,t pp. [See Gloze.J Flat- tered. [Chaucer.] Y-GO'^t PP- Gone. [Chaucer.] Y-GRAVE, t 2*- Buried; entombed. [Chaucer.] Y-HAL()\VED,t pp. Hallowed; kept holy. [Chaucer.] Y-}iERD',f pp. Haired; covered with hair. [Chaucer] Y-HOLD',+ pp. Obliged; beholden. [Chaucer.] YIELD, V. t. [add.] To reward; as, may the gods yield you for it. [Shah J YIN, n. or a. One. [Scotch.] YINCE. Once. [Scotch.] YIRK'.t V. t. [See Yerk.] To beat; to lash. [Spenser.] Y-}AP'ED,f pp. [See Jape.] Tricked; deceived. [ Chaucer.] Y-LESSED,t p/i. [See Lissed in tliis Supp.] Relieved. [ Chaucer.] Y-LIeHE',t (PP- Resembling; equal. Y.LIKE',t 1 [Chaucer.] Y-LieHE',t) ado. Equally; alike. Y-LnvE',t i [Chaucer.] YLKE.t pron. |Sax. j/ffi.] That; the same. [Spe?tser.] Y-MASK'ED, t pp. [Fr. inascher.] Mashed or meshed. [Chaucer.] Y-MELL',t prep. [See Mell.] Among. [Chaucer.] YMPT,f pp. [See Imp] Engrafted; joined. ( Spenser.] YNOW^t '^ }"''^"- Enough. [Chaucer.] YODE,t' pref. of Yede. Went. [Spenser.] YOL'DEN,t pp. of Yelde (Yield). Yielded; given; repaid. [Chaucer.] YOLK'-BAG, «. The sac or bag which contains tlie yolk of the ovule, or un- fertilized egg. YON, adv. [add.] There; yonder; be- yond. [Scotch.] YOND,f prej). Beyond. [Spenser.] YONG'IlEDE,t «. [Younij, and term. head or hood.] Youth. [Chaucer.] YONGTH,t «. Youtli. [Spenser.] yfuk' (■"■ '■ '^" ''■''''■ [•^'^"''•'''•J YEUk'}"- 'i''"' 't'^''- [Scotch.] YEUK'7ng; }«*'■• "'-■'''"S. [Scotch] YORE.f adv. [add.] Of a long time; a little before.— Yore atjon, long ago. [Chaucer.] YOUN'GER, n. A youngling. [Shah.] YOURE,tfor Youres. [Chaucer.] YOURES.t posses. ;)ron. Yours. [Chau cer.] YOU'-STONE, n. Chinese jade; a zeolitic substance. YOUTH'EDE,t n. Youthhood ; youth. [C'hctucer.^ YOVE,t pret. of Ycve. Gave. [Chaucer.] YOWE, n. A ewe. [Scotch.] YOXE.t "• i. [See Yex, Yus] To hic- cough or hiccup. [Chaucer.] Y-PlKED,t pp. [See Pick, Pike.] Picked ; pointed ; having sharp-point- ed peaks ; smart ; spruce ; foppishly dressed. | Chaucer.] Y-QUElNT'.-h'J)- Quenched. [Cliau- cer.] Y-R E I G H T',t I'P. [See Reach.] Reached. [Chaucer.] Y-REK'EN,t J)p. [Ilehen, for rehand. See Reek. 1^ Reeking ; smoking ; smoul- dering. [Chaucer.] YREN.t n. Iron. [Chaucer.] YRKE,t \v. t. [See Iuk.] To irk; to YRK,f J grieve; to ve.x. [Spenser.] Y'RON,+ n. Iron. [S2>enser.] YlRON-NEN.t !'*■ ''""■ [^''"""'••'1 YS.4.ME',t pp. [From Sax. samnian, to collector bring together. See Summon.] Collected together. [Spenser.] Y-SAT'EHD,t pp. Settled; estab- Jislied. [Citaucer.] YSE.t «. Ice. [Chaucer.] Y-SERV'ED,t Served; treated. [C/ia«- cer.] Y-SETTE',t PP- Set; placed; ap- pointed. [Chaucer.] Y-SHENT-,t pp. of Shend. Ruined ; undone ; disgraced ; damaged. [Chau- cer.] Y-SHOVE',t PP- [See Shove.] Thrust or pushed forwards. [Chaucer.] Y-SLAWE',t PP- of Sle (Slay). Slain. I Chaucer.] Y-SOWE',tpp. of Soto. Sown. [Chau- cer.] YS P R E I N T ',+ pp. of Sprenr/e (Sprinkle). Sprinkled. [Chaucer.] Y-STICK.'ED,t pp. of Stich. Stuck; pierced. [Chaucer.] Y-STORV'EN,t pp. ofSterce {Starve). Starved; perished; dead. [Chaucer.] Y-TAKE',tPi'- Taken. [Chaucer.] Y-TEY'ED,t pp. of Tie or Tye. Tied ; fastened. [Chaucer.] Y-THEW'ED,t pp. Having qualities; having good qualities. [Chaucer.] Y-TKES'PASED,t PP- Trespassed. [Chauctr ] Y-T WiGUT'.t pp. of rimfc/i. Twitched; pulled; plucked. [Chaucer.] Y'VE.t n. Ivy. [Chaucer.] Y'VEL.t a. Evil ; bad ; unfortunate. [Chaucer.] Y'VEL,t adv. Ill ; badly. [Chaucer.] Y'VOIRE.t «. (i'vwar.) [Fr. ivoire.] Ivory. [Chaucer.] Y-WARDE',t PP- of Were (Wear). Worn. [Chaucer.] Y-WER'BID,t PI', of Wirry (Worri/). Worried. [Chaucer.] Y-WEX'ETII.t [See Wex in this Supp.] Groweth. [Chaucer.] Y-WIMP I-ED,t PP- Covered with a wimple, [t^'haucer.] Y-WIS',t adv. [See Wis in tliis Supp.] Certainly; verily; truly. [Chaucer.] Y- WOXE',t pp. of Woj: ( Wax). Grown ; increased. [Chaucer.] Y-WRAKE',t pret. of Wrehe (Wreah). Wreaked; revenged. [Chaucer.] Y-WRiE',t PP- of Wrie. Covered. [Chaucer.] Y-WRONGE',t PP- of Wriui). Wrung. [Chaucer] z. ZAF'FIR. SccZaffre. ZAiM'BO, 1«. The progeny of an Indian SAM'BO, J and a negro. ZEAG'ONITE, n. \ Vesuvian mineral referred to the hai'motome or cross- stone. ZE'BKA-WOOD, n. A timber imported from South America. Its colours con- sist of brown ona white ground, clouded with black, and each strongly con- trasted, and somewhat resembling the skin of a zebra. It is used in the ma- nufacture of furniture. ZE'IN, ZE'INE, instead of ZEIN, ZEINE. ZE'RO, n. [add.] A term used to denote a cypher placed between the ascending and descending numbers of a scale or series. — Absolute zero, the imaginary point in the scale of temperature at 413 which the whole heat is exhausted. It is the expression of absolute cold, or privation of caloric. ZE'RO-POINT,n. In as(r., that point of the equinoctial through which the hour circle passes, from which all others are reckoned. This point (Aria), is also the zero- point of all riglit ascensions counted on the equinoctial. ZHO, n. A domestic ruminant mammal ZOANTHID.E ZORILLA ZYMOTIC common in the Himalayas. It is the progeny of the Make yak with the cow. ZINC, rt. [add.] Impure oj-ide of zinc, or furnace -cadmia, tutty, — which see. ZINe'-BLOOM,n.Amineral substance of the same composition as calamine. ZlN€'OID, a. [Zincum. zinc, and Gp. uUs, likeness.] Resembling zinc; per- taining to zinc; a term applied to the zincous plate which is in connection with a copper plate in a voltaic circle, and denoting the positive pole or zin- code; the chlorous plate which is in connection with a zinc plate being termed the chloroid plate, or negative pole. ZINCOI/YSIS, n. [Zincum, and Gr. >y*r, to decompose.] A term in electro- chetnistrtj equivalent to electroli/sis, denotim; a mode of decomposition oc- casioned by the inductive action of the atfinities of zinc, or the positive metal. ZINCOLYTE, «. A term equivalent to electrolyte, denoting a body decompos- ible by electricity, the decomposition being occasioned by the action of zinc, or the positive metal. ZIN€'OUS, a. [add.] Zincous element, the basic or primary element of a bin- ary compound. — Zincous pole,t\i3X pole of a particle of zinc, or of hydrochloric acid, which has the attraction or affin- ity which is characteristic of zinc, or rAncous attraction. ZOAN'TniD^E,n.DeBlainville'snarae for a family of Zoantharia, comprising animals which are coriaceous, simple or compound, fixed ; teatacula marginal, surrounding the mouth. ZOIL'EAN, a. Relating to Zoilus, a severe critic on Homer; illiberal; un- justly severe. ZO'NA, n. [L.] A zone or belt. ZONELESS, a. [add.] Ungirded ; dis- solute. ZO'Nl€, n. A girdle ; a zone. [Rare.'] ZONULE, ». A little zone, band, or belt. ZONU'RIDiE, n. A family of saurian reptiles. ZOO. This prefix is divided into two syllables, thus, z6-o. ZOO€aUP, n. For '* Zoosfere," read ZOOSFOHE. ZOOCaRP'ES, n. [Gr. i^^v. an animal, and ««§T«, fruit.] The name given to certain organized bodies, which have been variously considered as animals, as plants, and as partaking of the cha- racters of each. They are found among the lower forms of aleae. ZOOG'ONY. H. |Gr. W^^ and yo.»), generation.] The doctrine of the forma- tion of the organs of living beings. ZO'ON, n. [Gr. i<»0¥.'\ An animal. ZOONO'MI.\, H. AceZooNOMY. loSraY'TES.!"- ^^^ZOOFHYTE. ZORIL'LA, n. A genus of carnivorous quadrupeds closelv allied to the weasels, 414 of which a species {Z, striata) is found in South Africa. ZOUAVES', n. plur. [From Zouaoxis,!K Kabyle or Berber tribe; or from Shawi, meaning nomads, applied to the Ber- bers in Algeria, and corrupted in Tunis into 6'Hau, whence the French formZow- ave.] Light infantry corps in the French army, organized in Algeria, and origin- ally intended to be composed exclu- sively of the Kabyle tribe, whence the name is derived, but which, having gra- dually changed its character, is no w con- stituted almost exclusively of French- men. The picturesque Arab dress has, however, been retained. ZU'BENELY, h. A star, second magni- tude, in Libra; also called (S Libra. ZU BENESCH, ji. A star of the second magnitude in Libra; also ctxWed a Libra. ZU BERM€H MELL h. A star of the second magnitude in Libra. ZYGOPHYL'LUM,n.Agenusof plants, nat. order Zygophyllace;e. The Z.fa- baao of Linn, is the bean-caper. ZYMOSIM'ETER, n. 5e(? Zymometer. ZYMOTT€, a. [Gr. Jy,ae«. to ferment.] A term introduced by the registrar- general, and used to characterize the entire class of epidemir, endemic, and contagious diseases. The term is ob- jectionable, as involving a theory of disease, but convenient, as grouping to- gether diseases which are allied by the similarity of predisposing causes. TABLES CLASSICAL AND SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES, MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES; WITH THEIR PRONUNCIATION. N. PORTER, PROFKBBOB IN TALE COLLEGE, UNITED STATES. NOTE BY THE PUBLISHEES or THE IMPERIAL DICTIONARY. Numerous communicatioiis have from time to time been addressed to the Publishers by purchasers of the Impekial Dictionaky, urging upon them the propriety of adding to the Supplement to that Work jjronouncing Vocabulai-ies of Greek and Latin and Scripttjre Proper Names and of Modern Geographical Names. Desiring to comply with the wish thus so generally expressed, the Publishei-s here reprint the Vocabularies pi-epai-ed by Professor Porter, of Yale College, United States, for a recent American Edition of Webster's English Dicl'wnary, which they believe to be the most complete hitherto published. PREFACE. The publishers of Webster's larger English Dictionary, desiring to append to it tables prepared expressly for their edition, which should exhibit the correct pi-onunciation of Scriptural, Classical, and Modern Geograpliical Names, requested the subscriber to undertake the direction of the work. This service has been performed in the following manner : — The list of Scriptui-al Names added by Taylor to his edition of Calmet's Dictionary of the Bible, has been carefully collated with that prepared by Walker. In those cases in which the pronunciation of Walker differs from Taylor's, Walker's method has been subjoined, or substituted in its place. The methods of Walker and of Taylor generally coincide, and the authority of Taylor has been preferred to that of Walker in those instances only in which Walker's is opposed by the best and the established usage. The words omitted by Taylor have been added from Walker, and the table, in the number of names and in their pronunciation, is substantially the same with that which usually accompanies Walker's Key. The table of Greek and Latin Proper Names contains all the classical names which are found in Walker's table, together with such as are furnished in addition by Trollope, in his edition of Walker's Key, and by Thomas Swinburne Carr, in his Classical Pro- nunciation of Proper Names. A few have also been taken from Pauly's Encyclopccdia of Classical AntiqvAties, and from Freund's Dictionary of the Latin Language. This table has been revised by Professor Thacher, of Yale College. In conducting this revision, he found it necessary to correct numerous errors, especially in the division of words into syllables, which, from errors of the press, a confusion of principles, and a want of care in the application of the rules, have been accumulated in other published tables of Proper Names. It will be seen, on noticing the changes which have been introduced, that the aim has been to remove all inconsistencies in the application of the rules of pronunciation which have been adopted by Walker, in common with many others. A few errors of accent have also been corrected, as more recent investigations have ascertained the quantity of some words, which earlier lexicographers, guided only by the general rules of quantity, had given erroneously. The pronunciation of these names is in all cases determined by the place of the accent, and by the forms of the syllables which the accent determines. To attempt to indicate to the English ear the sounds of the vowels by marks which in classical usage are employed to indicate their quantity, would only lead to confusion, and cannot fail to be especially dis- advantageous to students of the languages. The classical table is accompanied by a few rules, designed to guide the scholar in settling those questions of pronunciation which are not answered in the table itself These rules do not disagree with those adopted in Walker's PREFACE. Key ; but, in connection with the table, will guide to that pronunciation which is in vogue at the University of Oxford and other learned schools. It is believed that these few rules will be found to be more convenient and useful than the corresponding ones in Walker's Key. The same preference will be given, it is believed, to the rules abridged from Walker, which accompany the Scripture Proper Names. The Modern Geographical Names were mostly selected fi'om Black's General Atlas (Edinburgh, 1846), as being the latest and best authority. The design of the compiler was, primarily, to present the names of the countries, provinces, important towns, rivers, &c., on the continent of Europe and Spanish America, and to indicate their pronunciation as perfectly as this can be represented by English sounds. As these names frequently occm- in books of all kinds, and occasion great perplexity to the reader and public speaker, and as their pronunciation is conformed to that of the languages to which they belong, it was thought advisable to prepare a copious list of words of this character, and to give them the chief place in the table. When these words have been Anglicized, the Angli- cized has been subjoined to the native pronunciation. To these European names many others have been added of places in Great Britain and the United States, in respect to the pronunciation of which, it was thought, information would be esteemed of any value, or could be given with any exactness. In a few instances, a provincial, and what will be thought by some an improper, method has been given. It was thought, however, to be impossible and useless to attempt to fui'nish a complete list of English and American names, with their pronunciation. The pronunciation of the great majority of these names is familiar to all, and is never sought for in a dictionary, while that of a very large number can hardly be considered as fixed. A few names of places in other and ruder countries are given. There are two reasons, however, why it was not thought expedient to swell the list with names of this character. They are, in most cases, the result of an effort to represent native sounds by English spelling. If this representation is imperfect, it is of little authority, and is liable to con- stant changes. If it is perfect, or nearly so, the pronunciation is indicated by the name itself The catalogue of European names was prepared by a gentleman familiar with the countries and the languages in which the names occur ; and it is believed that the pronun- ciation and the accent are as well represented as the nature of the work and the means at hand would allow. No pains have been spared to render this table as complete and con- venient as any within reach of the pubUa N PORTER. Yale College, August 10, 1847. PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. RULES FOa PR0:«0UNC1XQ THE V01VBLS ASD COHSOSA^fTS of GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. It will be iierceiveil, liy a glance at the following tabic, that the indicated accentuation of the words, and their separation into syllables, prevent the necessity of inserting anything here to guide to a correct pronunciation, except the rules for the sounds of the vowels and consonants. In settling the place of the primary accent, which is the first and most important point in the pronunciation of a word, the aim, of course, has been to follow the ancient and simple rules, which direct that, in words of two syllables, the penult be accented, and in words of more than two syllables, that the penult be accented if long in quantity, if not, the antepenult. The words have been divided into syllables, in accordance with the commonly received rules on that subject. The rules that follow have been derived, in the main, from Walker. Sometimes the language of Grant, or some other grammarian, has been preferred. Jiules for the Vowels. 1. Any vowel at the end of an accented syllable, and e, 0, and w, at tlie end of an nnaccented syllable, have the long English sound ; as, Ca'io^ Ce'crojys, Vi'do, So'Iott^ Cu*nt(B, 2Ie-iis'sa^ M&-los'sus, Tu-Jin'gi; in which words the final vowels of the first syllables have the same sound as the corresponding vowels in the first syllables of the English words pa'^Jer, cc'dar, si'lent, co'lon, dn'tif. 2. A, ending an unaccented syllable, has the sound of a in fa'ther; as, Ga-bi'iia, A-re'ne, pronounced Gali-hi'na., Ali-re'nc, 3. /, ending a final syllable, or preceding an accented vowel, has the long sound ; as, I-it'li, In all other cases, i, ending an tmaccented syllable, is pronounced like e; as, Fa'bi-i^ Ho-ra'ti-i, pronounced Fa'be\ Ilo-rn'tc-i. 4. T is pronounced as » would be in the same situation. 5. JS and as are pronoimced as e would be in the same situation. 6. If a syllable end in a connpnant, the vowel has the short English sound; as, Bal'bus, Del'pM, Cin'na, Mos'- c/iKS, Tus'cvs, in which the vowels have the same sounds as in the English words tnan'ncr, scl'dom, din'iur, scoffer, mus'ter. Exception. — E, in final es, is pronounced as in the familiar proper name An'des. Rides for the Consonants. 1. C, before e, i, ;/, re, and a, is pronounced like s; before a, o, and ?(, and before consonants, like k; as Ce'a, Cic'e-ro, C/prus, Ca'sar, Ca'li-a, Ca'to, Co'cles, Cu'ma. 2. G, before <■, i, ;/, re, ce, or another g followed by e, has the sound of j; before a, o, and v, and before consonants other than g, as above excepted, the hard sound, as in the English words gave, gone; as, Ge'lo, Gigan'tes, Gy-g(^tts, Ag'ger, Ga'bii, Gor'gias, Sa-gun'tum. 3. Ch has the sound of I; except when preceding a mute consonant at the beginning of a word, when they are silent ; as, Clitho'ni-a, pronounced Tho'ni-a. 4. T, s, and c, before ia, ie, it, io, tu, and eti, preceded immediately by the accent^ in Latin words, as in English, change into sk and zJi. But when the accent falls on the first of the vowels following, the consonant does not change into sh or zh, but preserves its pure sound; as, Mil-ti'a-des, &c. T, in the termination Hon, also retains its original sound ; as, The-o-do'ti-on. 5. *S has, in general, the sound of s in this. Final s. preceded by e, or a liquid, has the sound of s. 6. Initial x has the sound of z. 7. Initial ph, before a mute, is silent ; as, Phthi'a, pro- nounced Tki'a. Initial p, before s, is silent ; as, Ps/che, pronounced Si/'ke. Initial p, before t, is silent ; as, Ptol-e- mee'us, pronounced Tol-e-mce'us. 8. At the beginning of Greek words we frequently find the nncombinable consonants vin, tm, &c. ; as ilne-mos'y-ne, Tmo'lus, &c. These are to be pronounced with the first consonant mute, as if written Ne-mos'y-ne, Mo'lus, &c. 1 PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OP ' GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. A. A'bruB A-cha'is A-cro'a-tbos A-dri-an-r.p'o-lis /Eg-i-pa'ues yE-o'nes A-bryp'o-lis Ach'a-ra Ac-io-ce-rau'iil-a A-dri-a'uum .E-gi'ra /E-o'ra Ab-se'us Acli-a-ren'ses Ac-ro-ce-rau'ui-um A-dri-a'iius /E-gir-o-cs'sa ^-pa'Ii-us ^-pe'a A'BA, and A'B-E Ab-siu'Uii-i A-cbar'nse Ac-ro-ce-re'tcs A-dri-at'i-cuni ,E'gis Ab'a-a Ab'so-rus A-cha'tes A-croc'o-iii£e Ad-i'i-iiie'tuin -E-gis'tliua ^p'u-lo Ab'a-ba Ab-syr'ti-des Acb-e-lo'i-des Ac-ro-co-riu'tbu3 Ad-u-at'i-ci iE-gi'lura ^'py A-Uac'e-Uii Ab-syr'tos Ach-e-lo'ri-um A-cro'ma A-du'la A^'gi-um .Ep'y-tus Ab-a-ce'ne Ab-syi-'tu3 Ach-e-lo'us A'cron A-du'Ias .E^'le /E-qua'ua A-Ijoi'a Ab'u-la A-che'lu3 A-crop'a-lho9 A-du'lis ^g'les /E'qui Ab'a-ga Ab-u-li'tcB A-cbe'ras Ac-ro-pa'to3 Ad-u-Ii'ton /Eg-le'tcB yE-tjuic'c-li A-liaff'a-iua Ab'a-la A' bus A-cher'dus A-crop'o-lis A-dyr-ma-cbi'dsc. j'Eg'lo-ge ^^q-ui-me'U-uni Ab-y-de'ni A-cber'i-mi Ac-ro-re'a or Ad-yr-niacb'i- ^-gob'o-lus /E'ri-aa Ab'a-lus Ab-v-de'nus Ach'e-ro Ac-ro-re'i dEE /E-goc'e-ro3 /Er'o-pe A-ba'ua A-by'di Acb'e-rou Ac'ro-ta yE'a /E'gon A-cr'o-pe A-bau'tes A-by'dos Ach-e-ron'ti-a A-crot'a-tUB M-A-ca'a, yE-go'ne iEr'o-pus Ab-au-ti'a-des A-by'dus Ach-c-ru'si-a Ac-ro-tlio'i ^-ac'i-dns /Eg-o-ne'a A-er'o-pu3 A-ban'li-as Al)'y-Ia Acli-e-ru'si-as Ac-ro-lbo'on ^-ac'i-des i-E-go'nes iE3'a-co3 A-bau'ti-das Ab'j'-lou A-chetu3 Ac-rotb'o-03 iE-a-ci'um .'Eg-o-sa'gEe yEs'a-cus A-bau'tis Ab-ys-si'ni A-cbila3 Ac-ro-tbo'uai iSi'a-cus ^g-os-pot'a-mos iE-sa'ge-a Ab-ar-ba're-a Ab-ys-sin'i-a A-chil'las Ac'ta /E'je iE-gos'tlie-ua jE-sa'pua Ab'a-ri Ac-a-cal'lis Acb-il-le'a Ac-lt'b'a M-x'a /E'gU3 yE'sar, or ^-sa'ras A-bar'i-moD Ac-a-ce'si-um A-chil-lei-eu'scs Ac-tie'on ^-a-me'uc .E'gy /E-sa'ru3,aH(/Jis'a- Ab'a-ris A-ca'ci-us Ach-il-le'is Ac-tic'U3 /E-an-te'iuii dig'y-la ru3 1 A-ba'rus Ac'a-cu3 A-cbil'les Au'te i'E-au'li-des /Eg-y-pa'iies /Es'cbi-nea A'bas Ac-a-i3e'nii-a Acli-il-li;'iiui Ac'ti-a /E-an'ti3 -^-gyp'sus yEs'cbi-ron A-ba'sa Ac-a-de'mu3 A-chil'leus Ac'tis /E'as yE-gyp'ta /Ea'cbri-on Ab'a-sa A-cren'i-tua Acii-il-li'des Ac-lis'a~nes v'E'a-tu3 /E-gyp'ti-i iEs-cby-li'dcs Ab-a-si'ti3 Ac-a-lan'drus A-chi'vi Ac'li-um /Ech-mac'o-ras /E-gyp'ti-ura /E3'cliy-lus Ab-as-se'na A-cal'te Acli-la-dae'us Ac'ti-us ^cb'ini3 .E-gj-p'tU3 yEs-cu-la'pi-u& Ab-as-se'ui Ac-a-niar'cbi3 Acb'o-la Ac'tor ^-dep'sum ^E'ii-a iE-se'pus A-bas'sus Ac'a-raas Ach-o-lu'i, or Acli- Ac-toi'i-dcs ^-des'sa ^-li-a'iiu3 jE-aer'iii-a Ab'a-to3 A-carap'si3 o-a'Ii Ac-to'ris ^-dic'u-la ^il'i-nos yE-si'ou Ab-da-lon'i-mus A-cau'tba Acb-o-lo'e Ac'to-ri3 iEd'i-la /E'li-us, and M'U-a /E'SOD Ab-de'ra A-catt'tbi-nc A-cbo'ie-us A-cu'lc-o j-E-di'les vE-lu'rus iE-son'i-des Ab-dc'ri-a A- can' thus A-cbo'rU3 A-cu'phis .E-di'lis ^-ma'tlii-a ^s-o-pe'ua Ab-de-ri'tc3 Ac'a-ra Ach-ra-di'na A-cu-si-la'us ^Ed'i-liiB ^-niii'i-a zE-so'pus Ab-de*ni3 A-ca'ri-a AcU'ra-tlos A-cu'ti-cu3 /E-dip'su3 jEni-il-i-a'uus yE3'tn-a A-be'a-tffi Ac-ar-na'uea Ac-i-clio'ri-UB A-cy'ru9 iE'doii ^E-mil'i-us iEs'u-a A-be-a'ta; Ac-ar-oa'ni-a Ac-i-da'li-a Ac'y-tU9 A-e-do'nia /Em-ues'tus yEs'u-la A-bcl-Ia A-cai-'na3 Ac-i-da'sa A'da i-Ed'u-i, or Hcd'u-i ^'mon ;Es'u-lae Ab-el-la'iii A-cas'ta A-ci'Ia A-d8e'u3 ^-el'lo, or A-el'lo ^Em'o-na yE-sy'e-tes Ab-el-Ii'iiuni A-cas'tus A-cil'i-a Ad-a-raan-tse'a JS-e'ta, or ^-e'tes ^-mo'na iE-sy'me Ab-el-li'uxi3 Ac-a-tlian'tua Ac-i-lig'e-ua Ad'a-ma3 jE-e'ti-a3 /E-mo'ui-a /Es-yra-ue'Ue A-be'Iu3 Ac'a-tou A-cil'i-u3 Ad-a-mas'tu3 ^'ga /E-raon'i-des jEs-ym-ne'tcs Ab'c-lux Ac'ca Lau-ren'ti-a A-cil'h A-da'nins ^'ga3 jEm'o-ui3 ^-ayni'uus A-ben'da Ac'ci-a Ac-in-di'nus, aud Ad'a-ua M-g^'iX: ;E'nius yEth'a-le Ab-es-sa'lon Ac'ci-la A-ciQ'di-uu3 A-das'nl-i Ad'a-tha /E-gse'on ^E-iuyl'i-a yE-tbal'i-des Ab'ga-rus. or A- Ac'ci-U3 A'cis /E-gffi'um iEm-yl-i-a'uus jEtli-a-li'a bag'a-ruB Ac'co Ac'ioon Ad-de-pha'gi-a M-g»'\xs yE-myl'i-i .'E-tlia'ii-03 A'bi-a Ac'cu-a Ac-mo n'i-dea Ad'du-a Jil-ga'Ie-OB ^-myl'i-us iE-t!ii'ces A'bi-i A'ce Ac-cc-me'tiC A-del'phi-us /E-ga'k-um ^E-na'ri-a /Etb'i-cu3 Ab'i-la Ac-c-di'ci A-ca-'tes A-de'niou /E'gan ^-iia'si-U3 yE-tbi'on A-bis'a-res Ac'e-la Ac-o-ly'ti A-dcph'a-gus A'des, or Ha'des ^'gas ^-iie'a,or/E-ne'i a yE-tlii'o-pes A-bia'a-ris Ac'e-Ie A-co'nie ^-ga'tes ^-ne'a-dfc yli-Uii-o'pi-a Ab-i-sou'tea Ac'c-Ium AC'0-U£C Ad-gan-de3'tri-u3 ^-ge'as, or iE'ge- i'E-ne'a-des yELb'li-u8 A-ble'rus A-ceph'a-U A-con'tes Ad-her'bal as /E-ue'as ^'thon A-ljle'tcs Ac-e-ra'lus A-con'te-us Ad-licr'ba3 ^-ge'le-ou jE-ne'i-a /E'thra Ab'no-ba A-cer'bas A-cuu'ti-us A-di-a-be'iic ^-ge'li /E-ne'i-des ;E-tbu'sa Ab'no-bi Ac-e-ri'na Ac-ou-tob'o-U A-di-an'te jE-ge'ri-a i'E-ne-i'des ^E'ti-a A-bob'ri-ca A-cer'iffi A-coa-to-bu'lU8 A-di-at'n-rix ^-ges'ta iE-ne'is, and M'uc- yE'ti-ou, or E-e'ti- A-bo'bus Ac-er-sec'o-mes A-co'ris Ad-i-niaii'ius iE-ge'us is on A-bcec'ri-tus A'ces Ac'o-rus Ad-i-me'te iE-gi'a-lc /E-nes-i-dt'iuua iE-ti-o-ne'u Ab-o-lii'ni A-ce'si-a A' era Ad-me'ta /E-gi-a'lc-u3 ,E-ne'8i-U9 /E-ti'tea A-bo'lus Ac-e-si'neB Ar.-ra-di'ua Ad-me'tus /E-gi-a')i-a /E-ne'tU3 /E'li-U3 A-bon-i-ld'cLos Ac-e-si'nus A'crse A-do'ne-us, or Ad- iE-gi'a-liis /E'lii-a A-e'ti-u3 Ab-o-ra'ca A-ce 'si-US A-cire'a o-ue'us jE-gic'o-ies ,'E-ni'a-cus yEt'ua Ab'o-ras A-ces'ta A-trapli'ni-a A-do'ni-a yE-gi'de3 ^En'i-cus ,E-to'U Ab-o-rig'i-nes A-ces'tes Ac-ra-gal-li'dte A-don'i-cus iE-gi'la, or -Jilg'i-la jE-ui'dfe /E-to'li-a A-bor'ras A-ccs'ti-um Ac'ra-gaa A-do'iiis iE-gU'i-a .E-ni'o-cbi /E-to'lua Ab'o-li3 A-ces-to-do'riis A-cra'tus Ad-ra-niyl'ti-um ^Eg'i-lip3 yEn-o-bar'bus ^Ex Ab-ra-da'tas Ac-es-tor'i-des A'cri-ie A-dra'na i'E-gim'i-ua .Eii'o-clea A-ex-o'oe Ab-ra-da'tes A-ce'tes Auri-as A-dia'uc iEg-i-mo'rus, or iE'nos A'fer A-bia'ba-nms Ach-a-by't03 Ac-ri-dopli'a-gi A-dra'uum /E-gini'o-ru3 ^'ouai A-fra'ni-a A-bren'ti-us A-clia-'a A-cri'ou A-dras'ta ,E-gim'u-rus /E'nus A-fra'ni-us A-broc'o-mas A-cbEe'i A-cris'c-us A-dras'ti-a, or Ad- jE-gi'na /E-iiy'ra Al'ii-ca Ab-ro-(li-Be'tu8 A-chffi'i-um Ac-ris-i-o'ne ras-ti'a Jig-i-ue'tH yE-o'li-a Af-ri-ca'iiU3 A'broQ A-cbaem'e-nes A-ciia-i-o-ne'us Ad-ra3-li'i Cam'pi ^g-i-nc'tes /E-o'li-JB Af'ri-cum A-bro'iii-us Acb-Ee-me'ni-a A-cris-i-o-ni'a-Ucs Ad-ras-ti'iie ^-gi'o-cbus i'E-ol'i-da Af'ri-cua A-bron'y-cus Ach-ae-meu'i-des A-cris'i-us A-dras'tus ^'gi-ou iE-ol'i-dea Ag'a-bus Ab'ro-ta A-clite'us A-cn'tas A-dre'nc iE-gi'pan, or M$'i- iE'o-Iia A-gacly-tus A-brot'o-uum A-cha'i-a Ac-ro-a'Utou A'dri-a 421 pan ^'o-Ius A-ga-gri-a'tia: PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. Ag-n-laa'ses A-gial'la Ag'u-me A§-a-me'cle Ag-a-me'des Ag-a-mem'uou Ag-a-mem-uo'iii-us Ag-a-me'tor A-gam'ma-tre Ag-am-nes'lor Ag'a-mus Ag-a-nip'pe Ag-a-nip-pc'us A-pan'za-tja Ag*a-]iee Ag-a-pe'nor Ag-a-pe'tus A'gar Ag-a-ve'ui Ag-a-ris'ta A-gas'i-cles A-ga'so A-gas'sie A-gas'the-ues A-gas'lhu3 A-gas'tio-pbus Ag'a-sus Ag'a-tha Ag-ath-nr'clii-tlas Ag-atli-ar'clii-des A^-atli-av'cliu3 Ag'a-thi Ucern'o-nig Ag-a-Uii'a A-ga'tlii-a9 Ag-a-tIii*nU8 Ag'a-tho Ai:-a-tho-cle'a A-gaili'o-cles Ag'a-tliou Ag-a-tho-iiy'nms Ag-a-tliou')-mu8 A-gatli'o-pus Ag-a-thos'lhc-iies Ag-a-tliYi'iumi A^-a-tliyr'si Ag-a-tliy'rus A-gau'i A-ga've A- Li a' V us A^-lial'a-na Ag-des'tis A-ge-e'iia Ag-e-la'das Ag-e-las'tus Ag-e-la'us Ag-e-lu'a Ag'e-lc9 A-gen'u-tlia A^-en-di'cum A-ge'uor Ag-c-nor'i-des Ag-e-ri'iius Ag-e-san'der A-ge'ei-as A-ges-i-da'mus A-ges-i-lii'ii9 Ag-e-sip'o-li3 Ag-e-sis'tra-ta Ag-e-sis'tra-tm A-ge'tor A-ge'tus Ag-ge'au3 Ag-graoi'nies Ag-gri'iiffi Agg-thyl'i03 Ag'i-die Au-i-la'us A'uis Ag-la'i-a A<;-la-o-ui'ce Ag-la'o-pe Ag-Irt'o-pes Ag-Ia-o-]>ii8e'iui Ag-la'o-pliou Ag-Ia-os'tUe-nea Ag-lau'ro9 Ag-la'us Ag*la-ii3 Ag'iia Ag'no Ag-nod'i-ce Ag'iion Ag-iio-iii'a Ag-non'i-des Ag-iio'tes Ag-iioth'e-lre Ag-o-nu'ii-a, «i "A-go'ni-a A-go'nes Ag'o-iiis A-go'uia A-t;o'ni-us O'iJ A-go'uus Ag'o-ra Ag-o-rac'ri-tH3 Ag-o-rae'a Ag-o-ra'nis Ag-0-rau'o-nii Ag-o-re'8ii8 A'gra A-gra'a A-grae'i, or A gi'eu'- ses Ag'ra-gas A-grau'le A-grau'U-a A-grau'los A-grau-o-iii*ttt A-gri-a'ues A-gric'o-la Ag-ri-geu'tura A-grin'i-um A-gri'o-do3 A-^ri-o'ui-a A-gri'o-pas A-gii'o-pe A-gri-oph'a-gi A-grip'pa Ag-rip-pe'uni Ag-rip-pi'na A-giis'o-pe A'gri-ixs Ag'io-Iag A^gron A-gro'las A-grot'e-ra A-gyi'e-us A-gvl'e-u9 A-gyl'la Ag->l-liE'US A-g"yr'i-iim, A-gyr'i-u3 A-gyr'tes A-gy'rus A-lia'la Ai-ilo'ue-U9 A-i'la A-im'y-lus Ai'us Lo-cu'ti-xis A'jax Al-n-bau'da jU-a-baii'di, or Al- a-ljiiu-deii'ses AI-a-baQ'dl-cus Al'a-bus A- lie 'a A-lie'i A-Iee'sa A-lee'sus A-lffi'HS Al-a-go'ni-a A-la'lu Al-tl-coiu'e-nie A-U'li-a, or Al'a-lis Al-a-nia'iies Al-a-nia'ni, or Al-a- mau'ni Al-a-iuan'ui, or i\V le-man'ni A-Ia'ni Ara-re9 Al-a-ri'pus Al-a-ro'di-i A-Ias'tor A-Ias'to-res A-lau'd(e Al'a-zoH A-la'zon I Al-a-zo'iK'9 Al'ba Tu3 Am-lm-birjfe Am-bul'li Am'bu-li Ani'e-ks Am-e-na'nua Am-e-iii'des A-meu'o-cles Am-e-iio'pliis I A-rue'ri-a A-mes'tra-tus A-mes*iris A-mi-a'uu5 Am-i-dfe'u9 I A-mi'cla3 1 A-mic*ta3 A-iui'da A-md'car Am'i-lo3 A-iuim'o-ne, or A luyni'o-iie A-min'e-a, or Am luin'e-a A-mm'i-a3 A-miu'i-us A-iinu'o-cles Am-i-se'iia Ara-i-st'a A-rais'i-ag A-mis'sas A-mi'suiii, or A mi'sus Am-i-ter'num Am-i-cba'on, o Ani-y-tha'on Am-raa'lo Am-mi-a'iiU3 Aiu-mo-clios'tos Aoi'niou, or Hani'- mou Ani-uio'iii-a Am-mo'ui-i Aui-nio'ni-U9 Am-mo'the-a Am-iiem'o-nes Ani'ui-as Am- Ill's us Ara-iii'tc3 Am-cc-bfc'us Ara-o-me'tii9 Aiu-oni-pbai'e-tus A'mor A-mor'ges A-nior'g03 Ara'pe-lus Ani-pe-lu'si-a Am-pbe'a Am-plii-a-la'us Am-pbi'a-lus Ara-pUi'a-nax Ani-pbi-a-ra'i-dcs Am-plii-a-ra'us Ani-pbi-ar-a-e'um Am-pUi-cle'a Ani-pbic'ra-te3 Aui-piiic'ly-ou Am-pliic-ty'o-iies Am-p!iid'a-mu3 Am-pbid'o-li Am-plii-dro'mi-a Aai-pbi-ge'ui-a, or Am-pbi-ge-m'a Am-plid'o-cbus Am-plid'y-tus Am-plum'a-clm3 Am-pbim'e-dou Am-pbiii'o-me Ani-pbiu'o-mus Am-phi'on Am-pbip'a-gus Am-pliip'o-les Ani-pliip'o-lis Am-phip'y-ros Am-plii-re'lus Am-plur'o-e Am'pbis Ara-plii'sa Ara-pliis-bfe'iia Am-pbis'sa Ani-pbis-sc'ne Am-pbis'sus Am-phis'tlie-nes Am-pbis-ti'des Ain-pbis'ira-tus Am-phi'sU3 Aiii-pliit'e-a Am-plii-tlie-a'U'um Am-pbiih'e-ni!9 Am-pbitb'o-e Ani-pbi-tri'te Ani-pbit'ry-on Am-pliit-ry-o-ui'a- des Ara'pbi-tu5 Am-pbi'u3 Ani-pliol'e-ru9 Am-pliry'su3 Am'py-cus Amp'sa-ga Amp'sii-ga3 Am-pyc'i-des Ani-pys'i-des A 111' pyx Am-sauc'lU3 A-mu'U-us A-my'cla Anx'y-clie A-my'clffi im-j'-clffi'iis A-my'cli3 Am-y-cli'des Am'y-cu3 Am'y-don Am-y-mo'ne A-myn'las A-iiiyii-ti-a'u 19 A-myu'tor Am-y-ri'cus Cam'- pus A-ray'ris A-myr*i-us Am'y-ru9 A-mys'tis Am-y-tba'on Ain-y-tba-o'ui-us Ara'y-tis A-uab'a-sis A-nab'a-tie An-a-ce'i-a An'a-ces, or A*uac'- tes An-a-cbar'si3 A-na'ci-uni, or An- a-ci'um Au-a-cle'tu9 A-ua'cre-on An-ac-to'ri-a, o/ An-ac-to'ri-uni An-ac-to'ri-e A-nac' to-rum Au-a-dy-om'e-ne A-uag'ni-a Au-a-gy-ron'tum A-uag')-ru3 An-a-i'ti3 Au-ft-iii'as An'a-pbe An-a-pblys'tus A-na'pi-U3 A-na'pus A-uar'gy-ri A-uar'tes A'lias A-uatb'e-nia A-nat'o-!e A-uau'cbi-das A-nau'ru3 A-nau'8i8 A'nax An-ax-ag'o-ras An-ax-an'der An-ax-au'dri-dts An-ax-ar'clui3 An-a\-ar'e-te An-ax-e'nor A-uax'i-a3 An-ax-ib'i-a An-ax-ic'ra-tes Aji-ax-id'n-aius, or A-nax-i-da'Bius A-nax'i-las, or A- nax-i-la'u3 An-ax-il'i-des A-nax-t-man'dor An-ax-im'e-ncs An-ax-ip'o-li3 An-ax-ip'pU3 Au-ax-ii'rbo-e A-oax'is A-uax'o An-ctE'u9 An-ca-h'tes An-ca'h-us An-clia're3 An-clia'ri-a An-cba'ri-u3 An-cba'tes An-cliem'o-lu9 Au-che-si'tes Aii-cbes'mus Aii-clii'a-!a, oi An- clii'a-le Au-clii-a-b'a Au-cbi'a-Uis Au-cbi-mu'U-us Au-cliin'o-e Au-clii'sa An-cbi'se An-chi'ses Au-cliis'i-a Au-cbi-si'a-dts An'cbo-e Aucb'o-ra Au-cbu'rus Aii-ci'le An 'c.>u, or An-co'tiR Au'cus Mar'ti-U3 An-cy'le An-cy'ra Au-cy'rte An-cy'ron An'da jVii-dab'a-lis An-dab'a-tffi An-da'ua An-da'ni-a Au-de-ca'vi-a An-de-ga'viim An-de'ra Au'des, or Aii-de- ca'o-nes An-duc'i-dn? Aii-do!n'a-t!9 Aii-drffinion Au-dra-ga'thi-us An-drag'a-lbus Aii-drag'o-ras An-dram'y-k3 An-dre'as PRONUNCIATION" OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. An'dreas An'Uies A-o'ni-a Ap'sua Ar-cbi-de'as Ar-ei'nis A-ris'to-nus An'di-e-iis Aii-thcs-pbo'ri-a A-on'i-des Ap'te-ra Ar-cliid'i-um Ar'^i-U3 Av-is-ton'y-nins An-dre'mou Aii-tlies-te'ii-a A-o'ris Ap-u-ie'i-a Ar-cbi-gariu3 Ar'go Ar-is-topU'a-nc3 Aii'dri-a An-lbe'u3 A-or'Qos, or A-or'- Ap-u-le'i-u3 Ar-cbig'e-nes Ar-go'da A-ris-to-pbi-li'des Au'dri-clus An-thi'a uis A-pu']i-a Ar-chil'o-tbus Ar-gol'i-cua A-ris'to pbon Au'dii-ou An-tlii'as, or An'- A-or'si Ap'u-lu3 Ar-chi-me'des Ar'go-lis A-ris-to-phy'li An-dris'cus tlii-as A-o'ru3 Ap-u-scid'a-iiiU3 Ar-cbi'nu3 Ar'gon A-ris'tor Au-dro'bi-u3 An'tbi-nfe A-o'ti Ai)'y-ri Ar-chi-pel'a-gn^ Ar-go-nau'tas Ar-is-tor'i-des An-dio-cle'a An'tbt-um A-o'us A.qua'ri-U3 Ar-cliip'o-lis Ar'gos Ar-is-'ot'e-les Au-di'o'cles AE,'tlli-U3 A-pa'i-tse Aq'ui-la Ar-cliip'pe Ar gi/us A-ris-to-ii'mus Au'dro-cle^ An'tbo A-pa'ma Aq-iii-la'ri-a Ar-cbip'pu3 Ar'^^us Ar-is-tox'e-uuj An-di-qrcli'des An-dro clus An-tbo'rea A-pa'me Acj-ui-le'i-a, or Aq- Ar-cbi'ti3 Ar-gyii'nis A-ris'tus An-tbra'ci-a Ap-a-me'a, or Ap-a- ui-Ie'gi-,1 Ar'cliou Ar-gyn'iius Ar-i!5-tyi'iu3 An-dro-cv'iles An-tbrrj.pi'nns nii'a A-qiiil'i-u3 Ar-t*bon'te3 Ar-gy'ra \'n-\\s{theherei'ic) An-tlrod'a-mus An-lliro-po-mor- Ap-a-me'ne A-qiiil'b-a Ar't'by-lu3 Ar-gy-ras'pi-de9 Ar'i-as, or Au-dro'du3 plii'ta; A-par'ni Aq'ui-lo Ar-cby'tas Argy-re Ar'i-as Aii-dro'ge-os Au-lhro-popb'a-^i Ap-a-tu'ri-a Aq-ui-lo'iii-a Ai'-cit'e-uens Ar-gyr'i-pa Ar'i-us An-dro'ge-us Au-tbyl'la A-pe-au'ros A-qui'iiH3 Arc-ti'nus Ar-gy-ri'pa Ar'mc-ne An-drog'y-nre Au-ti-a-ni'ra A-iic-li-o'tC3 A-quiii'i-us Arc-toph'y-las Ar-gy-roj>'o-li3 Av'me-nc3 An-ilrog'y-nus An'ti-a3 A-pcIla A-qui'inun Arc' 1 03 A'ri-a Ar-me'ni-a An-di'um'a-clie Au-ti-bac-clii'us A-pel'le3 Aq-ui-ta'tii.a Arc-to'u3 A-ri-ad'ne Ar-nien-tii'ri-us Aii-tlro-ma-tbi'Oje An-tic'a-iiia Ap-el-le'u3 Aq-ui-tan'i-cus Arc-tu'ru3 A-ii-Ee'iis Ar-mil'la-tus Au-drom'a-clius An-tic'a-to A-pel'li-con Aq'ui-te3 Ar'da-hi3 A-ri-ain'iiC3 Ar-mi-lus'tri-uiii An-drom'a-das Aii-tich'tlio-nes Ap-cn-ni'iius A'ra Ar-da'iii-a A-ri-a'ui, or A-ri- Ar-raia'i-u3 Aa-dvom'e-da Au-tic-i-no'lia A'pcr Ar-a-bar'cbe3 Ar-dax-a'uns e'ni Ar-nior'i-cai Au-drom'e-des An-ti-cle'a Ap-e-ran-ti'a Ar'a-bes Ar'de-a A-ri-an'tas Ar-mor'i-cus An'drott Au'ti-cles Ap-e-ro'pi-a A-ra'l»i-a Ar-de-a'tes A-ri-a-ra-tbe'a Ar'mo-zoii Au-dro-ni'cu3 An-ti-cb'des Ap'e-sus, Ap'e-sii3, A-rab'i-ciis Ar-de-ric'ta A-ri-a-ra'tlies Ar'ne An-droph'a-gt Au-tic'ra-gus or Ap'e-sau-tes Ar'a-bi% or Ar'bis Ar-di-ffi'i A-h-a3'mc-iius Ar'iii Au-dro-pom'pus Au-tic'ra-tes Apb'a-ca A'rabs, or Ai'a-i)us Ar-dis'cii3 Ar-ib-bae'u3 A V- 111- en 'sis An'dros Au-tic'y-ra Apli'a-ce A-rac'ca, orA-rcc'- Ar'do-ne Ar'i-bes Ai'-no'lji-us An-dros'the-ues An-tid'o-nius A-pb£e'a ca Ar-do'ne-a A-ric'i-a Ar'nus Aii-dro'ti-on An-tid'o-tu3 A'pbar A-racb'nc Ar-du'a Ar-i-ci'na Ar'o-a Au-e-Ion'tis An-lig'e-nes Apb-a-Te'txi3 Ar-!icb-iie'a Ar-du-eii'na Ar-i-dffi'u3 Ar'o-e An-e-mo'li-a An-ti-gen'i-dag Apli-a-re'u3' Ar-a-cbo'si-a Ar-du-i'iie A-ri-e'iiig Ar'o-ma An-e-mo'sa An-ti-ge-ni'daa A-pba're-ua Ar-a-ctio'tEC, or Ai- Ar-dy-eu'5e3 A-ri'e-li3 A-ro'nia An-e-ras'tus Aii-tig'o-na A'pbas a-cbo'ti Ar'dys Ar-i-ga;'um A-rom'a-ta A-ne'tor An-tig'o-ne A-]jberia3 A-rac'tbi-as A're Ar-ig-uo'tus A-vom'a-tura Aii-fiu'o-miis, or Aa-ti-go-ne'a Apb'e-sa3 Ar-a-cil'lutu A-re'a A-ri'i Ar'o-t£e Am-pliin'o-mus An-ti-go'ni-a Apli'e-t&e Ar-a-co'si-i A-re-ac'i-dae Ar'i-ma Ar-o-le'res An'ga-ri Au-ti-go-ui'a A-pbe'tor Ar-a-cvii'thu3 A-re'as Ar-i-mas'pi A-rot're-bae Aii-ge'li-a An-tiij'o-nus Apli'i-diis, or A- Ai-'a-du3 A-re'gon Ar-i-uias'pi-as Ar'pa-ui An-ge'li-on An-tii'co phi'da3 A'lEe A-reg'o-nis Ar-i-nias'tba; Ar'pi Au'ge-lus An-ti-bb'a-nn3 A-pliid'ua Ar-a-pbi'a Ai-'c-la3 Ar-i-nia-tlie'a Ar'pi-naa An-gi'tc3 An-tiro-cbii3 A-pbid'nus A'rar Ar-e-la'tum Ar-i-ma'zeg Ar-pi'iium Ang'li Au-tini'a-cbu3 Apb-ue'um Ar'a-ris Ar-e-bi'tii3 Ar'i-nii Ar'qiii-tus An-gli'a An-tim'e-nes Aph-ce-be'tus Ar'a-ru3 A-rel'li-u3 A-rira'i-nxim Ar-ra-bo'na An'grus An-tin'o-e A-pliri'ces Ar-a-te'ii9 Ar-e-mor'i-ca A-rim'i-mi3 Ar-ra-cbl'ott An-gru-it'i-a An-lin-o-e'a Apb-ro-dis'e-us Ar-a-tbyr'c-a A-re'na, or A-re'iia; Ar-iai-piiffi'i Av-ra;'i A'ni-a Aii-ti-noe'i-a Apb-ro-di3'i-a A-ra'tu3 A-re'ue Ar'i-niU3 Ar-re'cbi Au-i-co'tus Aii-ti-nop'o-lis Apb-ro-dis'i-a3 A-iau'ii-cus A-ren'a-cuni Ar'i-Dcs Ar-iba-bffi'us A-nic'i-a An-tin'o-us Apb-ro-di'sum A-ia'vii3 A-re-o-pa-gi'tfe A-ri-o-bar-za'iics Ar'ri-a A-nic'i-um Aji-ti-o'dii-a, or Apli-ro-tli'te, or Ai--ax-e'nus A-re-op'a-gus A-ii-o-man'di;3 A i-ri-a'nu3 A-nic'i-iis Gal'lus An-ti-o-cbi'a Apb-ro-di'ta A-rax'es A-re'os A-n-o-niar'du3 Ar'ri-U3, or A'ri-us A-ni'gros Au-ti'o-cbis Apli-ro-di-top'o-lis Ar-ba'ces, orAr'ba- A'res A-n-o-mc'dus Ar-nm'tl-us An'i-gru3 Au-ti'o-cbus A-pby'tc,orA-pliy'- ce3 A-re3'tffi A-ri'on Ar-sa'bes A'ni-o, A'ni-cn Au-ti'o-pu tJS Ar-be'la,orAi-'be-bi A-rea'tba-nas A-ri-o-vis'tu3 Ar'sa-ccs, orAv-sa'- An'i-sus An-ti'o-pe A 'pi- a Av-be'lu3 A-res'tor Ar-i-pi'llies tes An-i-tor'gis An-1i-o'ru3 A-pi-a'nu9 Ar'bis Ar-es-tor'i-dcs A'ns Ar-sa'ci-a A'ni-us An-ti-pa'ros Ap-i-ca'ta Ar-bo-ca'la Ar'e-ta A-ns'ba Ar-sac'i-d!C Au'na An-lip'a-ros A-pic'i-u3 Ai*-bo'na Ar-e-lai'u3 Ar-is-l!en'c-tu3 Ar-sam'c-Dis An'na Com-nc'ua Aii-lip'a-tcr A-pid'a-ntis Ar-bus'cu-la Ar-c-la'les Ar-is-tw'uai Ar-sam'e-tcs Au-ni-a'iius An-ti-pa'lri-a A-pid'o-iiea Ai-'ca-dcs Ar-c-tapli'i-la Ar-is-lK'u9 Ar-saDi-o-sa'ta Anui-bal An-ti-pa-tn'a Ap'i-im, or A'pi-na' Ar-ca'di-a Ar'e-ta3 Ar-is-tag'o-ras Ar-sa-nios'a-ta Au'ni-bi Aii-ti-pal'i-i-dns A-pi'o-la, or A-pi'- Ar-ca'di-u3 A-re'te Ar-is-taa'dcr Ar-sa'iies Aii-iiic'e-ris An-tip'a-tiis O-IfC Ar-ca'iium -U-'e-le Ar-is-tau'diu3 Ar-sa'ni-as An-ni-clio'ii Au-tiph'a-nes A'pi-ou Ar'cas l-re'teg Ar-is-tar'clic Ar-se'na Au'di-us Scap'u-Ia An-tiph'a-tes A 'pig Ar'ce Ar'e-llion Ar-is-tar'cliu3 Ar'scs A-no'ius An-Upb'i-lu3 A-pit'i-U3 Ar'ce-nai Ar-e-tbir3a A-ris-ta-za'ues Ar-se'sa An'iiou, or Ilau'no An'ti-pboD A-poc'o-pa Ar'cciis Ar-e-ti'ni A-ris'te-as Ar'si-a An'o-nu3 Aii-tipU'o-iius Ap-o-do'ti Ar-ces'i-Ias Ar-e-ti'num A-ris'te-ia; Ar-si-dic'ui An-o-pjc'a Aa'ti-pbus A-pol-li-ua'res Ar-ces-i-la'u3 Ar'e-tu3 A-ris'te-u3 Ar-siu'o-e Au'ser An-tip'o-dcs A-pol-li-ra'ii3 Ar-ce'si-u3 A-re'tus A-ri&'lbc-ueg Ar-si'tes An-si-lja'ri-a An-ti-poe'nu3 Ap-ol-lin'e-us Ai'-diEe'a A're-U3 A-ns'tbu3 Ar-la-lja'ou3 An-lae'a Au-Up'o-b3 Ap-ol-lin'i-des Ar-dije'a-nax Ar-gre'ii9 Ar-:5-ti'bii3 Ar-ta-ba-za'nes, or An-ta;'a3 An-tir'rhi-um A-pol'li-nis Ar-cbx-at'i-(las Ar'ga-his Ar-is-li'dc3 Ar-tam'e-ues An-tec-op'o-Us An-tir'rbo-dos A-pDl'Io Ar-chag'a-tlms Ai'-gan-tbo'iia Ar-i9-til']ii3 Ar-ta-bii'zus Au-iae'ua An-tis'sa Ap-oI-loc'ra-tc3 Ar-chan'der Ar-gaii-tb'Mu'tim AiMS-tip'pus Ar't;i-bri, or Ar-ta- An-tag'o-raa Aii-tia'tlie-iics A-pol-lo-do'rU3 Ar-clian'dros Ar-gatli'o-iia A-ris'U-us bn'tm An-tal'ci-das Au-tis'li-us Ap-ol-Io'iii-a Aj'clie Ar-ga-tbo'iii-us A-ris'to, or A-ris'- Ar-ta-Cie'as An-tan'der An-titU'e-U3 A-pdl-lo-iii'a-dcs Ar-ched'i-cu3 Ar'gc ton Ar-ta-cae'na An-tan'di'os An'ti-um Ap-oMo'ni-as Ai--cbeg'c-tis Ar-ge'a A-ris-to-bu'Ia Ar'ta-ce Ao-te'a An-tom'e-ucs Ap-ol-ion'i-des Ar-cbe-la'us Ai--ge-a'tliffi A-ri3-to-bu'lu3 Ai--ta-ce'ue Au-tci'iis An-to'ni-a Ap-ol-lo'ui-ns Ar-cheni'a-cbiis Ar-geu'iiuiu A-ris-to-cle'a Ai--ta'ci-a Ao-teni'iiEe Aa-to'iii-i Ap-nl-lopb'a-nes Ar-clicni'o-rus, oj Ar'ges A-ris'to-cks Ar-tie'i Au-te'iior An-to-ni'iia A-pDl'ly-on O-pbei'tcs Ar-gea'tra-tns A-ris-to-cb'di3 Ar-ta-ge.'ras An-te-iior'i-des An-to-m'uits A-po-niy-i'o3 Ar-fliep'o-lis Ai-ge'u3 Ar-is-toc'ra-te3 Ar-tag'e-ra^, or Ar- An-ter-bro'gi-us Aii-to-ni-op'u lis A-po-ni-a'ua Ar-cliep-tol'e-mus Av'gi Ar-is-to'cre-on tag-i-ct:v'ta An'te-ro3 An-lo'iii-u A-pn'ni-U3 Ar-cbes'tni-tns Ar-gi'a Ar-is-toc'ri-tu3 Ar-ta-gcr'sc3 An'te-ru9 An-tor'i-des Ap'o-uus Ar-c!ie-ti'nius Ar'gi-as A-ris-lo-da'ina Ar-ta'ues An-tlic'a A-nu'bis Ap-08-tro'plii-a Ar-clie'ti-us Ai--gi-lc'luin A-ris-to-de'uius Ar-ta'o-zii3 Au'lbe-as, or An- Aux'i-U3 Ap-o-tbe-o'sis Ai'c]ii-a Ar-gil'i-u3 Ar-is-to^'e-iies Ai-ta-pa'im-^ tbe'ag Aiix'ur Ap-pi'a-de3 Ai'cbi-as Ar-giDus A-ri3-to-gi'loa Ar-ta-pliei-'ues An-tbe'don Anx'u-ni3 Ap-pi-a'nu3 Ar-cbi-ln'a-dea Ar'gi-lus A-ri5-to-lu'u3 Ai'-ta'tu3 An-lbe'Ia Au'y-ta Ap'pi-a Vi'a Ar-cbib'i-m Ar-gi'nu3 Ar-is-t(im'a-cbe Ar-ta-vas'dc3 An'tlie-niis An'y-tii9 Ap'pi-i ro'ium Ar-clud'a-niag Ar-gj-nu'fEC Ar-is-lom'a-clma Ar-tax'ajOrAv-tax' An'tbe-niijii An-za'lie Ap'pi-us Ar-clii-d;i'iiii-a Ar-gi'o-pe A-ris-to-iiie'de3 i-as An'tlie-nius A-ob'n-ca, c Ap'ptt-la Ar-clii-da-mi'a Ar-gi-i'liijii'tcs Ar-is-tom'c-iiea Ar-tax'a-res An-tbe-mu'si-a A-bob'n-ta A)nt-cs, or A'pri- Ar-clii-ibi'inus, or Ar~gip'pi-i A-ris-to-uau'iai Ar-tax-as'a-ta An-tbe'iie A-orii-u3 us Ar-cliid'a-mus Ar-gitU'e-a A-iis-to-iii'ciis Ar-tax'a-ta An-1hcr'mu3 A'un Ap-sin'tbi-i Ar'chi-das Ar-gi'va Ai-is-toii'i-des Ar-tax-erx'es Au-UlC'lU3 A'o-nc8 Ap'si-uus Ar-clii-de'tiiu3 Ar-gi'vi Ar-is-tuu'o-u3 Ar-lax'i-a9 11. — SJUPP, 423 9b 1 - PKONUNCIATION OF GREEK AJSTD LATIX PilOPEK XAATE?-. A'-ta-yc'tea As-peri'du"* A-the'ni-on Aus-cbi'sge Bac-cUi'u3 {.netri- Bas-i-li'a Ben'dis Ar-ta-yn'ta As-phal-ti'tes La'- A-then'o-cles Au3'ci en I) Bas-i-ii'da; Ben-e-did'i-nm Ar-ta-yn'lca CII3 A-tlien-o-do'rus Au'ser, or Au'^c- Bac'cUi-u3 B;)S-i-U'de3 Ben-e-ven'tum Ar'te-niHS As'pis A'the-os ris Bac'cims Bas-i-b'i Ben-tlie-sic'y-iue Ar-tem-ba'rC3 As-ple'Jon Atli'e-sis Au'ses Bac-clivri-dcs Ba-?i!-i-o-pot'a- Be-pol-i-ta'nus AMem-i-do'rus As-po-re'uu3 Atb'mo-num Au'soii Ba-ce1u3 mos, or Ba-sil-i- Ber'bi-CEE Ar'te-mis As'sa A'thos AU'S0-IIC3 Ba-ce'riis o-pot'a-nm3 Ber-e-cyn'tlii-a Ar-te-mis*i-a As-sa-bi'nns A-tho'iis Au-so'ni-a Ba'cis Bas'i-lis Ber-e-cyn'tbu3 Ai-te-mU'i-um As-sar'a-cus A-Hiral'Ia Au-son'i-dic Bac'o-ru3 Ba-siri-u3 (a per- Ber-e-ni'cc Ar-te-mi'ia A3-se'ra A-tbym'lira Au-so'iii-U3 Bac'tra son) Ber-e-iii'ci3 Ar'te-nion As-se-ri'nt Afh'y-ras Aus'pi-ces Bac'tri, and Bac- Bas-i-li'n3 (a r'tter) Ber'gi-ne Ar-te-mo'lia As-se'su3 A'ti-a Aug-ta-ge'ua tri-a'ni Bas'i-Iu3 Ber'gHon Ar-te'Da As-so'rus A-lil'i-a Aus'ter Bac-tri-a'ua, or Baa's EC Ber-gis'tani Arlli'oii-us As'soa A-tiri-U3 Aus-tc'si-on Bac'tri-a Bas-sa'ni-a Ber 'go-mum Ar-Iiiii'pa-s.i As-su-e'rus A-til']a Au-ta-iu'tis Bac'tros Ba9-sa're-u3 Be'ri3, a-id Ba'iis Ar-to-bdt3 Ba'di-U3 Ba!>-tet'uDe Be-ro'su3 Ar-tou'tes As-ta-ge'ui At-laQ'li-dcs Au-toc'ra-les Bad-u-hcii'iiie Bas'u-a Ber-rbne'a Ar-to-tro'gns As'ta-pu Al'Ias Au-to-cre'iie Bie'bi-u?i Ba'ta Be-ryb'ra-CL9 Ar-tox'a-Hta A3'ta-pu3 Ai'mo-ni Au-tore-niii3 Baj-so'ia Bat-a-no'cIui3 Ber'y-tu3 Ar-tu'ri-iis As-tar'tc A-tos'sa Au-td'o-ia: Bffi-tlio'ron Ba-ta'vi Be-ry'tU3 Ar-tj'iies As-tel'e-be At'ra-ces Au-tol'o-IfS Bte'iia Ba-ta'vi-a Bes'a-ra Ar-tyii'i-a As'ter At-ra-myt'ti-um Au-tory-cii3 Bfe'tou Ba-ta'vn5, or Bat'a- Bes'a-To Ar-tjs'to-iia As-te'ri-a At'ra-pes Au-tonl'a-te Bag-a-da'o-ncs TU3 Be-sid'i-re Ar'u-cc As-te'ri-nn, or As- A'tra\ Au-tom'e-don Ba-ge'siis Ba'thos Be-sip'po Ar-va'les, or Ain- te'ri-u3 At-re-ba'tce Au-to-me-du'sa Ba-gis'la-me Bath'y-cles Bes'sr Ij-'ir-\a'le3 A3*te-ri3 At-re-bn'tes Au-tom'e-nes Ba-gis'ta-iia Ba-tliyriu3 Bes'sits A-ru'ci, or A-ruc'ci As-te-ro'Ji-a A-tre'iii Au-tom'o-li Ba-gis'ta-ues Ba-ti'a, or Ba'ti-a Bes'ti-a A-ru'e-ns As-ter-o-pae'us A'tre-us Au-ton'o-e Ba-go'as, and Ba- Ba-li-a'tu3 Bes-yn-ge'ti A'ruiis As-lcr'o-pe, or As- A-tri'da; Au-ton'o-u3 go'sa3 Ba-ti-e'a Be-tar'mu-iies A-run'ti-ii3 ter-o-pEe'a A-tri'des Au-topb-ra-da'tcs Bag-o-Ja'rcs Ba-ti'uaj and Ban- Bel'a-si Ar-u-pi'num As-le-ru'si-us A-tro'ui-u3 Au-tn'cuiu Ba-gopb'a-nc3 ti'ua Be-tho'ron Ar-u-pi'mi3 As-tin'o-me At-ro-pa-te'iie Au-trig'o-nes Ba-go'us Bat'i-ua Bet'i-ra Ar-ver'ni As-ti'o-chu3 At-ro-pa'ti-a Au-tu'ra Bag'ra-da Ba'tis Be'tis Ar-vir'a-giis As'to-nii A-trop'a-tu3 Aux-e'si-a Bai'ffi Ba'to Be-tu'ri-a Ar-ns'i-um, or Ar- As-tra;'a At'ro-po3 Au\'i-mon Ba'Ia Ba'toa Bi'a Ti'sus As-trtt'us Al'ta Av-a-ri'cimi Ba-la'cras Bat-ra-cho-niy-o- Bi-a'nor A-ry-an'des As'tu At-tac'o-rffi A-var'i-cu3 Bal-a-na'gra; Dia'tlii-a Bi'as Ar'y-bas As'tur At-ta-Ii'a Av'a-ses Ba-la'nu3 Bat'ra-ci.ua Bi-bac'u-la3 Ar-jp-tiE'iis As'tu-ra At-ta'Ii-a A-Tul'Ia Ba-la'ri Bat'ta-rus Bib'a-ga A-ryx'a-t.i As'tu- re 3 Al'ta-lus Av-eu-ti'niis Bal'a-rus Bat-ti'a-dcs Bib'li-a.aHi/Bil'li-a A-san'ilcr As-tu'ri-cn3 At-tar'r;i5 A-ver'nii3, or A- Bal-bil'lu3 Bat'li3 Bib'li-na As-ba-me'a As-ty'a-ge At-teg'u-a \ er'na Bal-bi'nu3 liat'tus Bib-U'iia As-bes'ta;, or A— As-ly'a-gts At-te'i-U3 Cap'i-to A-ves'ta Bal'bus Bat'u-luni Bib'Iis, or Bi'blis bys'iffi As-ty'a-lus At'tes A-vid-j-e'nus Bal-cc'a Bat'u-)ns Bib'lus, or Bi'blus As' bo- Ilia As-ty'a-uax At'tliis A-vid'i-iisCas'si-us Ba-!e-a'rc3 Ba-tyl'lua Bi-br:ic'te As-bo'tu3 As-ty-cra-te'a At'ti-ca A-vi-e'mi3 Bn-Ie'tus Bau'bd Bib'u-luj As-liy'te As-ty-cra'ti-a At'ti-cus A-vi'tu3 Bal-is-be'ga Bau'cis Bi'cea As-cal'a-pliU3 As-tyd'a-mas At-ti-dii'les A'vi-um Ba-Us'ta Bau'li Bi'con As'ca-loii As-ty-da-nii'a At'ti-Ia Ax'e-uus Ba'li-iis Ba'vi-U3 Bi-cor'ui-^er As-ra'ui-a As'ty-lus At-til'i-u3 Ax-i'o-chiis Bai-lon'o-li Bav'o-ta Bi-cor'nis A3-ca'ni-u3 As-tym-e-di;'sa At-ti'ua3 Ax-i'on Bal-ven'ti-U3 Baz-a.eirtc3 Bi-e'plii As'clie-tus As-tyu'o-n-.c At'ti-us Pc-lig'nus Ax-i-o-iii'cu3 Ral'y-ra Ba-za'ri-a Bi-for'mis As-rbe'um As-tyii'o-nii At-ii-at'i-ci Ax-i-o'tce Bal'y-ras Bc-a'trix Bi'froDS Aa-ci'i As-tyn'o-tts At'u-bi Ax-i-o'te-a Bani-by'cc Be'bi-U3 Bil'bi-lia As-cle'pi-a As-ty'o-clie, or As- At'u-ru3 Ax-i-u'tbe-a Ba-mu'rae Be-bri'a-cum Bi-ma'ter As-cle-pi'a ty-o-clii'a A-ty'a-die Ai'is Bani-u-ru';e Beb'ry-c« Bm'gi-uni As-cle-pi'a-(le3 As-ty-pa-!:c'a A'tys Ax'i-U3 Ba-ni-u'bai Beb'ry-ces, and Bi'on A:i-cle-pi-o-tlo'nis As-typli'i-!u3 Au-clia'tai Ax'o-iia Ban'ti-K Be-bryc'i-i Bi-o-ne'n3 As-tle-j)i-o-ilo'lus As-l>'ra Au-de'ru Ax-o'nes (a people) Baii'ti-us Be-bryc'i-a Bur'rlius As-cle-pi-od'o-tus As'ly-ron Au-fe'i-a A'qua Ax'o-nea {tablets) Bapli'y-rus Bc-chi'res Bi-sal'l£e As-cle'pi-ns As-ty'ron Au-fi-de'ua Ax'iir, aud Anx'ur Bap'Ue Bc-cbi'ri Bi-sal'te3 As-cle-ia'ri-(in As'y-cliis Au-Jid'i-a Ax 'us Car'a-do Bel'a-tes Bi-sal'tia As'cUis A-sy'las Au-fid'i-ua A-zam'y-ra Ba-rae'i Bel-e-nu'i.a Bi-sau'lbc As-co'li-a A-s\ rius Au'n-du3 A'zan Bar'a-lhrniii Bcl'e-nus Bis'ton As-co'ui-usLa'be-o A-sVu'cri-tus Au'ga A-za'ni Bar'ba-rl Bel-e-phan'£es Bis'to-ues As'cra A-talj'u-lus Au'ge, atiil Au-ge'a A-ze'ca Bar-ba'ri-a Uel'e-sis Bis-to'ni-a As'cu-lum At-a-Iiy'ris Au'ga-rus A-zi'des Bar-ba'tus Bel'ga; Bis'to-iiia Aa'dru-bal A-lab'y-ris Au'ge-a; A-zi'lia Bar-bos'tlie-nc3 Bel'gi-ca Bis-to'nia A'se-a At-a-by-ri'te Au-gi'as A-zi'ria Bar-by th 'a- cc Bel'gi-um Bi'thus A-sel'li-o Afa-cii Au'gi-as, and Au'- Ai'o-nax Bar'ca Bel'gMi3 Bitb'y-ap A-se'u3 At'a-ces ge-as A-zo'rus Bar-cie'i, or Eai-- lie'li-as Bi-tbyn'i-a A'si-a At-a-laii'ta Au'gi-la; A-Z0'tU3 ci'ta; Be-li*des, shtg. Bi-thj'ui A-si-ag'e-Dc3 .\t-a-ly'da Au-gi'nn3 Bar'ce {male desc. oj Bit'i-as A-si-a-ge'tes At-a-raii'tes Au'gu-res Bar'clia Belus) Bi'ton A-si-at'i-cus A-t;uf'be-cliJ3 Au-gus'ta B. Bar'ci-iio Be'lis f /. Bel'i-des Bit-u-i'tus A-si'ius A-tar'^a-tis Au-gu3-la'li-a Bar-ci'nu3 (/(«. desc. oj Bi-tun'tum A-bilu3 A-t;ii-'iie-a Au-gu3-ti'nus Biir-die'i Bcliis) Bi-tu'ri-c«m As'i-iia, or As*i-ne A'tas, ai;rf A'tbas Au-giis-to-nem'e- Ba-B!L'I-1'3 Bar-da'iics Bc-lis'a-ma Bi-tu'ri-gc3 As-i-na'ri-a A'tax turn Bab'i-lu3 Bar'di Bcl-i-sa'rj-u3 Bit'u-rix As-i-na'i'i-U3 A'te Au-gus'tu-lu5 Bab'y-lon Bar-di'iic Bel-is-ti'da Biz'i-a As'i-iiC3 A-teria Au-gus'lus Bab-y-lo'ni-a Bar-dvl'li3 Bd'i-tffi Bi-zo'iie A-sin'i-u3 Gal'lus Al'e-ua Au-lcs'les liab-y-lo'ui-i Ba-re'a Bel-lag'i-ncs Blae'ua ASi-u3 At-e-iio-ma*riis Au-Ie'tc3 Ba-byr'sa Ba're-a Bel-lei 'o-phon Bke'si-i As-na'u3 A-tcr'ga-tis Au'lis Ba-byl'a-ce Ba're-as So-ra'nus Bel-le'nis Bla?'sii3 A-so'pUia Ath-a-nia'uc3 Au-lo-cre'i e Bac-a-l.a'sU3 Ea'res Bel'ie-ru3 Blan-de-no'na A-so'pi-a Ath'a-mas Au'lou Bac'clirc Bar'go-se Bel-li-e'iu;3 Blan-du'si-a As-o-pi'a-i'na Bo'ae, and Bu'e-a A*-pa3'te8 Ath-e-ns'us Au-ro'ra Biic'cliis, orlSa'lus Bar-za'iies Be-ua'cus Bo-a'gri-u3 As-pa-the'sis Atli-e-iiat;'o-ra3 Au-nin'ci Bac'clii-um Ba-se'ra Ben-di-'ce Ca-liu'ra Cal-ca'gus Cal-y-do'iiis Cap'i-to Car-se'o-U Bol-lii-ti'imni Bry'ges Cab'u-rus Cal'ce CaUy-do'ui-iis Cap-i-lo-U'nn3 Car-ta'li-as BoI'-i-u3 Bry'gi Ca'ca Cal'clias Ca-Iym'ne Cap-i-to'li-uiii Car'ta-rc Bo-!i'na Bry«'e-a Cach'a-les Cal-cbe-do'ui-a Ca-lyn'da Cap-nol/a-tjE Cap-pad'o-ces Car-te'i-a Bol-i-iiie'us Brys'c-&) Cac-o-daeoi'o-uts CaUcliiu'i-a Ca-lyp'so Car'te-nus Bo-lis'sus Bry-se'ae Ch'cus Cal'dus C:c'li-us Ca-ma-lo -d a'uu m Cap-pa-do'ci-a Car-thje'a Bol-la'nus Bu-ba-ce'n3 Ca-cu'tliis Ca'le, Ca'Us, or C;i- Ca-mau'ti-uiii Cap'pa-dox Car-thag-i-ui-eu'- Bo'Ius Bu-ba'ces Ca-csp'a-ria Ic'mira Ca-mar'a-cum Ca-pra'ri-a Be3 Bo-mi-en'ses Bu'ba-ris Ca'.li Ca-lcd'o-uc3 Cam-a-ri'ua Ca'pre-fe Car-tba'go Bo-Tiiil'car Bu-bas-ti'a-cua Cud-me'a Cal-e-do'ni-a Cam-a-ri'iie Cap-ri-cor'nu3 Car-tlia'lo Boni-o-ni'coe Bu-b;is'ti3 Cad-nie'is Ca-len'tum Cam-bau'les Cap-ri-fic-i-a'li3 Car'tba-sis Bo-no'ni-a Bu'ba-su3 Cad'mU8 Ca-le'nug Cam'bes Ca-pri'ma Car-tlie'a Bo-no'si-U3 Bu'ljon Ca'dra Ca-le'ru3 Cam'bre CH-prip'e-dca Car-vil'i-U3 Bo-os'u-ra Bu-ccpli'n-la Cad're-ma Ca'les Caiii-bu'iii-i Ca'iiri-as Ca'rus Bo-o-su'ra Bu-cepli'a-lus Ca-du'fc-u3 Ca-Ie'ei-U3 Cam-by'ses Ca'pri-U3 Ca'ry-a Bo-o'tes Bu'clie-ta Ca-dur'ci Ca-k-'tse Cani-e-Ia'ni Cap-ro-ti'na Ca'ry-ffi Bo-o'tus, or Boe-o' Bu-col'i-ca Ca-dus'ci Cal'e-ti Cam-c-Ii'tte Ca'prus Ca-ry-a'tffi tus Bu-fori-euni Ca-du'si Cal'e-tor Cam'e-ia Cap'sa Ca-ry-at'i-dcs, pi Bo'rc-a Bu-co'li-ou Cad'y-lia Ca-!e'tor Cam-e-ra'cuni Cap'Ea-p:e Ca-ry-a'tis Ho-re'a-des Bu'co-liH Cfe'a Ca'lex Cam-e-ri'uuni, and Cap'u-a Ca-r>'o-ne3 Bo're-as Bu-dc'a Cie-ce'ti-iio Ca-Ii-ad'ne Ca-nier'ti-um Ca'iiys Car-ys-te'us Co-re-as'mi Bu-de'um Cffi'ci-as Cal-i-Ci;'iii Cani-e-ri'nus Ca'pys Sirvi-U3 Ca-ry3'ti-u3 Bo-re'ou Bu'di-i, or Bu-di'iii Cie-cil'i-a Ca-tid'i-U3 Ca-mer'tc3 Car Ca-rys'tus Bo'i"e-u9 I5a-d(/ii3 Cffi-cil-Ua'iius Ca-lig'u-la Ca-mil'Ia Car-a-bac'tra Ca'ry-um Bor'ges Bu-do'ium Cffi-cil'i-i Ca-lip'c-dc3 Ca-niil'li, and C.i- Cai'a-bis Ca-sa'le Bor-g:o'di Bu'ge-ues Cffi-cil'i-us Cal'i-pus niirke Car-a-cul'la Ca3'ca Bo-ri'cus Bu'iis Cac'i-lu3 Ca'lis Ca-miriu3 Ca-rac'a-tes C.is-cel'Ji-us Bor'nos Bul-Ia'ti-ii3 Cffi-ci'na Tus'cus Cal-lres'cbms Ca-nii'ro Ca-rac'ta-cus Cag-i-li'num Bor-sip'(ia Bul-U'o-ncs Ca^c'u-lmm Cal-la'i-ci Ca-nii'riis, and Ca- Ca'ra; Ca-si'iia, or Ca-si'- Bo'rus Bu'ne-a CiEC'U-bu3 Cal-ia'i-nus mi'ra Ca-r.T'u3 Hum Bo-r\ 9'the-nes Bu-ni'nia Ca;c'u-lu3 Cal'las Cam-i3-sa're3 Car'a-Iis Cas'i-iia Bos'pho-ru3. or Bu-uo-niii'a Cie-dic'i-ii3 Cal-bi-tc^u3 Cani'ma Car-a-nia'lus t.'a'si-us Bos'po-nis Bu'nus Cie(l'i-cu3 Cal'Ie Ca-nicc'nre Ca-ram'bri Cas'me-ua Eos-tre'nus Hu'pa-lH3 Cffi'li-a Cal-le'ni Cani-pa'ua Lex Ca-ran'to-uiis Cas'mc-nae Bo-tio'diia Bu'pIia-gU3 Ciel'i-nus Cal-Ie-te'ri-a Caiii-pa'ui-a Car'a-mis Ciis-mil'la Bot'ti-a Bu-pbo'iii-a Cai'li-U3 Cal'li-a Cani-pa'jiu3 Ca-rau'si-ug Cas-pe'ri-a Bot-ti-ffi'i3 Bu-pra'si-um Ca?m'a-ro Cai-li'a-de3 Ciim-paa'pp, or Car'bo Ca5-per'u-Ia Bo-vi-a'nuni Bu'ra, or Bu'iis Cie'uc, or Ctfi-iiop'- Cal-li-a-m'ra Paii-cas'tc Car- bo' lies Cas-pi-a'ua Bo-vil'lce Bu-irt'i-cus 0-Ii3 Cal-lt'a-rus Cain'pe Car'bu-Ia Cas'pi-i ]trac'a-ra Biu-dig'a-la Cee'iie-ug C;d'ii-a9 Cani'pe-BU8 Car-cbe'doii Cus-pi'ra Brac-ca'ti Bur'rbus C3e-nidc3 Cal-lib'i-ug Caiitp'sa Car-ci'nus Cas'pi-um Ma're Bratli-ma'iics Bur's a C:eu'i-dc3 Cal-li-ce'rus Cam'pus Miu'ti-us Cai-'ci-nu3 Cas-sau-da'ue Bracli-nia'ni Bui'si-a Cffi-ni'na Cal-licli'o-rus Cani-u-lo-gi'nus Car-da'ces Cas-san'der Brae'di-a iiu'sEC Cie'uis Cal'Ii-cles Ca'iia Car-da-mc'ric Cas-s^au'dia Bran-clii'a-des Bu-3i'riB Cie-not'i'i)-pge Cal-li-ciJ-lo'iia Ciin'a-ce Car-datn'y-le Cag-3au-dre'a Bran'cUi-dae liu'ta Ca'pi-o Cal-U-co-lu'ne Can'a-clie Car-de'sus Cas-saii-dri'a Bran'chus Bu'te-o Ca-ra'tu3 Cal-lie'ra-tcs Can'a-clius Car'di-a Cas-SHii'dri-a Bi-;m-cliyl'li-ds3 Bu'tes Cie're, or Cce'res Cal-li-crat'i-d.is Ca'iiffl Car'du-re Ca3'si-a Bra'si-ie Bu'tbo-R Caer'e-si Cal-li-dam'a-tes Ca-ua'ii-a Car-du'cbi C.i3-3i-o-do'rus Bras'i-iias Bu-thro'tum Cicr'i-te8 C;d-Iid'i-U3 Ca-na'ri-i Cai'-dy'tU3 L'as-3i'o-pe, or Cas- Bias-i-de'i-a Bu-Uiro'tus Cse'sar Cal-lid'ro.nius Can'a-thu3 Ca'res si-o-pe'a Braa'i-lus Bu-thyi'e-us Cffis-a-rc'a Cal-li-ge'tus Caii'da-ci; Car'e-sa Cas-sit'e-ra Brau'ie Bu-ta'a Ca;-sa'ie-u3 Cal-li-gi'ius Cau-dii'vi-i Ca-re'su3 Cas-si-tev'i-dcs Braii'ion Bu'to-nes Cic-sa'h-on CaI-Iiiira-cbu3 Caii-daii'Je3 Ca-res'3ii3 Ca8'.si-U3 Breii'ui, cHrfBieu'- Bu-tor'i-dus Cje-3a-ro-du'niini Cal-lim'e-duii Caii-di'o-ni Cav-liu'i-a Cas-!*i-ve-lau'uu3 ni Bu'tos Ca^s-a-roni'gus Cal-lim'e-k-3 Ciiii-di'o-pe Ca'i-i-a Cas-ar/pe Breu'ni-cus Bu-tun'Lum Cic-se'na Cal-Ii-m'cus Ca'nens Ca'ri-a^ Cas-so'ti3 Bren'iius Bu'ius Ca!-sen'ni-us Cai-li'nu3 Caii-e-plio'ri-a Ca-ri'a-le C;i9-tab'a-la Bn-n'tlie Bu'zy-gcs Cse'si-a CaUli-o-do'iU3 Can'e-thum Ca-ril'la Cas'ta-bus Brcs'ci-a IJu-Z_v'[;t'S Ca;'si-us Cal-Ii'o-pa^ Ca-nio-u-la'ics Ca-n'na Cas-ta'li-a. or Ca-^- llret'li-i Byb-ie'si-a, end Cae'so Cal-li'o-pe iM'es Ca-ri'iite ta'li-u3 Fous ]iri-a're-us Bv-bas'ei-a Cfe-so'ni-a Cal-li-pii-U'ia Ca-niri3 Ce-Ie'ne-us Ce-Ien'iia, cr Ce- lie'iia Ce'ler Cel'e-res Cere-truci Ce'le-us Cel'mus Cel'o-nie Cel'sua Cents I Ccl'ti-lter Cel-ti-be'iC9 CeUti-be'ii Cei'ti-ea Cel'ti-ci CeUtil'lus Cel-to-gal'a-tEe Cel-to'ri-i Cel-tos'cy-lbai Ce'ma Cem'mc-nus Cenip'si Cen'a-bura.orGen'- a-bum Ce-nae'um Ceu'cbre-a; Ceu'ob re-is Ceu'cbre-ua Ceii-chrc'u3 Cen'cliri-U5 Ce-nes'po-lis Ce-ue'ti-um Ce'ne-U3 Cen-i-mag'id Ce-bi'ua Ce-ni'ne3 Cen-o-ma'ui Ce'uou Cen-so'res Cen-so-ri'nus Cen'sus Ceii-ta-re'tU3 Ceu-tau'ri Cen-tau'ri-ciis Cen-tau'rus Ceu-tim'a-nus Cen-tob'ri-CLi Cen'to-ri3 Ceii-tor'i-pa, or Cen-tu'a-pa Cen-tu'n-pe Ctn-tri't(;3 Ceu-tio'ties Cen-tro'ni-us Cen-tuni'vi-ii Cen-tu'ri-a Ce'os, and Ce'a Ceph'a-las Ceph-a-Ic'di-ou Ce-phal'ien Cepli-a-le'iia, ano Ceph-al-le'ai-a Ceph-al-le'iii Cepb'a-Io Cepli-a-lce'dis. and Cepli-a-lu'di-um Ceph'a-lon Ceph-a-lol'o-mi Ctiph'a-lus Ce-pbe'is Ce-plie'nc3 Ce'pbe-us Ce-pbis'i-a Ccpli-i-si'a-dcs Ce-pbis-i-du'rus Ce-pliis'i-ou Cepli-i-sijd'u-lu5 Ce-pbi'sHs, ur Ce- pbis'su3 Cc'pbreu Ce'pi-o. or Cie'pi-o Ce'pi-ou Cer'a-ca Ce-rac'a-tea Ce-ram'bus Cer-a-mi'cus Ce-ru'mi-um Cer'a-mu3 Ce'ras Cer'a-su3 Cer'a-ta Ce-ra'tliu3 Ce-ra'ton Ce-ra'tii3 Ce-rau'iii-a Cu-rau'ui-i Ce-iau'!ius Ce-rau'si-us Cer'ba-lus Cer-be'ri-ou Cer'be-ru3 Cer'CH-pbus Cer-ca-so'rimi Cer-ce'i3 Cer-ce'ne Cer-cea'tes Cei'ce-tffi Cer'ci-de3 Cer'ci-i Cer-ci'ua, or Cer- cin'nit Cer-cm'i-uni Cer'ci-us Cer-co'pcs Cer'cops Cer'cy-on, cr Ci r- cy'o-iies Cer'cy'on Cer-cypb'a-lae Cer-cy'ra, or Cor- ey 'r a Cer-do'us Cer-djl'i'Um Ce-re-a'li-a Ce'rcs Ce-res'sus Cer'e-lie Ce-re'tes Ce-ri-a'li3 Ce'ri-i Ce-ril'li Ce-ririnm Ce-riu'tbu3 Cer'i-tes Cer-nm'ans Ccr'ne Cer'nos Ce'ron Cer-o-pas'sc-das Ce-ros'sus Ctr'plie-res Cer-re-ta'ui Cer-ili£e'i Cer-so-lilep'ks Cer'ti-nia Cer-to'iii-um Cer-va'ri-us Cer'vi-us Ce-ry'ces Ce-iyc'i-iis Cer-y-mi'ca Cer-y-ne'a Cer-y-iii'tes Ce-selli-ns Ce-seu'ni-a Ces'ti-us Ces-tri'na Ces-tn'nus Ce-te'i Ce'tea Ce-tbe'gus Ce'ti-i Ce'ti-U3 Ce'to Ce'us, and Cee'us Ce'yx Cba-be'rus Cba'bes Cba-bi'nus Cba-bo'rus Cba'bri-a Cba'bri-as Cha'bry-is Clite-au'i-tfe Cbae're-a Clife're-as CbEer-e-de'niu3 CliEc-re'mon CbEer'e-pboii Cbje-res'tia-la Chae-rin'tbu3 Cbie-rip'pus Cbse'ro Cba?r-o-ne'n, and Cher-ro-De'a Cba-lEE'on Cbal-eee'a Clial'ce-a Clial-ce'a CLal-cc'dun, and Clial-ce-du'ni-a Cbal-cet'o-rea Cbal-ci-de'iie Chal-ci-den'ses ChaUcid'e-iis Cbal-eid'i-ca Clml-cid'i-cus Cbal-ci-ce'cus Cliai-ei'o-pe Cbal'cis Cbal-ci'tes Cbal-ci'Lis Chal'L-o-dua Cbal'con Chal'cus Cbal-dae'a Cbal-dffi'i Cba-lus'lra Clial'e-to3 Ciiul-o-iii'tis Cb:U'y-bei", and Cul'y-bes Clial'y-bon Cbal-y-bo-ni'tis and and Clia'iybs CJia-ma'ui end Cba-oia'\i Clia'ne Cha'ou Clia'o-nes Cba-o'ni-n, and CIia-o-ui'ti3 Clia'os Cbar-ac-mo'ba Cliar-a-co'ma Char'a-dra Cbar'a-dro3 Clia-ra'drus Cbar'a-dnis Cba-iae'a-diis Cb;ir-au-d{fc'i Cb:t'rax Clia-rax'e3, Cha-rax'u3 Cba'res Cabr'i-tles Cbar-i-cU'dcs Cbar'i-clo Cliar-i-de'mu3 Cbar'i-la Cliiir-i-la'us, Clia-ril'lus Cba-ri'iii, and Cu- n'ni Clia'ris Cba-ris'i-a Cliar'i-tc3 Cliar'i-tou Cbar'nia-dart Cbar'oie, and Car'- me Cbar'rai-d;is Char'nii-dc3 Cbar-mi'nns Cbnr-mi'o-ue Cbar'mis Cbar-mos'y-na Cbar'mo-las Cbar'rau3 Cha'ron Cba-ron'dai Cb;ir-o-ne'a Clia-ro'iii-uni Cba'rops,a«ii Cbai*- o-pes Cbar'o-piis Cba-ryb'di3 Cbat'ra-niis Cbau'bi.tiMi/ Cbau'- ci Cbau'ia Cliau'rus Cbav'o-iies CIm-y'ci Cba-ze'ue Ciie'a Clie'lte Che'les Cbel-i-dn'ni-a Chel-i-do'iii-te Clie-lid'o-nis Clie-lid-{»-m'suDi Cbero-ne Cbel'o-Dis Cbfl-o-iiopb'a-gi Chel-y-do'h-a Cbeiu'mis Cbe'na Clie'iiie Clie'ni-oa Cbe'ni-us Cbe'o-pes Clie'i'ps, and Cbe- os'pes Cbe'pbren Clier-c-moc'ra-tc3 Cbe-ris'o-jibiis Cber'o-pbua Cbci'si-as Cber-sid'a-mas Clier'si-piio Cber'si-plirou Cber-so'iia Cber-so-uc'sus, or Cber-ro-ce'sus Che-rus'ci Cbid-iiffi'i Cbi-do'nis Cbil-i-ar'cliiis CbU'i-us,aH'l'i-a Co-ro'ni-a Cra-ti'nii3 Cius-tu-me'ri-a, or Cyni'i-nu3 Da'ci-a Coc-cC'i-na Coii-ily'lus Cor-o-m'dtjs Cra-ti]i'pu3 Crus-tu-me'ri-um Cy-mod'o-oe lla'ci-u3 Ci'C-cvg'i-u3 Co'iie Co-ro'nis Ciat'y-lua Cnis-tu-mi'nuai Cy-inod-o-ce'a I)ac'ty-li Co'cles Cun-e-to-du'nus, Co-rou'ta Crau'si-ie Crus - tu ' mi - um, C\ -mod-o-ce'ii3 I)ad'i-C8e Coc'li-tes and Cot-u-a'lua Co-ro'iiu3 Ciau'aia ClU8-tu'UU3, and Cy'mc, or Cy'mo l)a-du'chus Coc'tl-ffi, and Cot'- Con-fu'ti-u3 Co-i'o'pe Ci-ii-ux'i-das Crus-tur-ue'ui- Cy-mo'lus, or Ci- Dxd'a-la ti-ic Con-ge'dus Cor-rba'gi-uni Crem'e-ra U3 mo'lus D:ed-a-le'a Co-c>'tus Co-ni'a-ti Cor-se'a Creni'i-des Cry'uis Cym-(j-po-Ii'a Dai-da'li-oa Co-da'iius Si'ims Cu'Di-i Cor'si Crem'ma Cryp-te'a Cy-motli'o-e Dfed'a-lua Co-dom'u-iiu3 Co-nim'bri-ca Cor'si-a Cre'my-on Cle'a-tu3 Cyu-te-gi'rus Da;'mon Cod'ri-dffi Con-i-Biil'tus Cor'si-ca Crem'my-oa, o^ Ctem'e-ne Cy-Ufe'llti-um Djonro-ne3 Co-drop'i)-li3 Co-uis'ci Cor'so-te Crom'my-on Cte'aos Cy-na'iie lUuiu'o-nuui Co'drus Cou-ni'daa Cor-su'ra Crfm'ui, or Crem'- Cte'si-a3 Cy-ua'pca Da'i Coe-cil'i-U3 Co'nou Coi-to'na no3 Cte-sib'i-u3 Cyu'a-ra Da'i-clea Coe'la Co-iio'pe Cor-tu'u£e Cie-ino'na Ctea'i-cles Cy-nax'a Da'i-des Coe-lal'c-tce Con-o-pe'um Cor-ty'na Cre-mu'ti-U3 Cte-sil'o-cbua Cyn'e-a3 Da'i-dis Ctc'le Cou-o'pe-uiii Coi-uii-ca'uu3 Cre-iia'cus Ctcs'i-plinn Cy-neg'e-tfe Da-im'a-dius Coel-e-syr'i-a, and Coii-sen'tcs Co'rus Cie'OQ Cte-si[i'pus Cyii-e-gi'ru3 Da-im'e-nea Cccl-o-syr'i-a Cun-sen'ti-a Cor-vi'nus Cre-ou-ti'a-dti3 Ctim'e-ue Cy-ne'si-i, or Cyn'- Da'i-plirou Coe'li-a Cou-sid'i-us Cor-y-bau'tes Crc-opli'i-his Cu'cu-fas e-tai Da-i'ra Coei-i-ob'ii-ga Con-si- 1 i'num Cor'y-bas Ci-e-o-pby'iu3 Cu'ia-ro Cy-iie'rce Dal'di-a Coe'li-us Coti'stans Cor-y-bas'sa Cre-o-po'iii3 Cu'ma, or Cu'iiire Cyu-e-tc'a Dal'ma-lffi Coe'lus Cou-stiui'ti-a Cor'y-bus Cre-pc'ri-u3 Ci-eph-a-i;e-iie'tu3 Cu-uax'a Cyn-c-tlius'sa l)al-mu'ti-a Ccc'iius. Con-stan-ti'a (n Co-ryc'i-a Cu-ni'ua Cyu'i-a l)al-nia'ti-u3 Ctcr'a-ims cUa) Co-ryc'i-des Cres Cu-pa'vo Cyn'i-ci I)al'mi-um Co'es Coii-stan-ti'na Co-ryc'i-us Cie'sa, or Cres'sa Cu-pen'ius Cyn'i-cu3 I'aiii-a-ge'tus Ctes'y-ra Con-stan-ti-uop'o- Coi'y-cU3 Crea'sas Cu-pi'do Cy-nis'ca l)am'a-b3 C«'U3 lis Co-ry'cus Cre'si-u3 Cu-pi-eu'ui-us Cy'iio Da-niai-'e-Uis Cog'a-mus Con-stau-ti'nu3 Coi-'y-dou Cres-plioii'tcs Cu'i-es Cyu-o-cepb'a-le Da'maa Co^-i-du'nu3 Con-8tini'ti-u3 Cor'y-la, or Cor-y Cres'si-u3 Cu-re'tes Cyn-o-cc[ib'a-!i Daiii-as-ce'na Co'iii-bu8 Con's u-les Ic'uni Crcs'tou Cu-re'tis Cyn-o-plioirti3 I)uai-as-ce'iie Co'hors Con'sus Co-iyni'bi-fer Cres-to'jic Cu'ii-a Cy-nop'o-lis Da-ntas'ci-ua Col-a-ce'a Coii-syg'iia Cor'y-na Cre'sus Cu-ii-a'ti-i Cy-nor'tas Da-mas'cus Co-lai'nu3 Coa-ta-iles'ihis Cor-y -nc'tii, or Cor- Cre'ta Cu'ri-o Cy -nor' 1 1-0 11 Da-ma'si-a Co-lan'co-rum Coii-to-po-ri'a y-ne'tes Cre't8e-U8 Cu-ri-o'nc3 Cy'nos Dam-a-sic'thnu Co-lax'a-is CoQ-tu'bi-a Cor-y-pba'si-um Cre'te Cu-ri-o-sori-fES Cyii-o-sar'ges l)aai-a-sip'pU3 Co-lax'C3 Co'nu3 Con-col'o- Cor'y-pbe Cre'te-a Cu'ri-uiii Cyu-os-se'ina Daui-a-sis'tra-tua Col'clii rua Co-ry'tha Cre'tes Cu'ri-us Den-ta'tus Cyn-o-au'ra J)ani-a-si-tliy'nm3 Col'cliig, and Col'- Con've-na; Cor-y-tbcn'oC3 Cre'te-us Ciu-'ti-a Cyu'tbi-a l>aiii-a-3itiry-nui clios Co'oii Cor'y-tbu3 Cie'tlie-is Ciir-ld'lii3 Cyn'thi-U3 [laiii-a-si'loii Co-leu'da Co'os, Cos, Ce'a, Co-iy'tus Crc'tbe-U3 Cui''li-U3 Cyu'tlius Da-maa'tts Co'Ii-as and Co C03 Crc-tbi'dL3 Cu-ru'bs Cyn-u-reii'sc3 Dam'a-su3 Col-la'ti-a Co'pffi Co'sa, Cos'sa, Co'sic Cre'tlion Cus-see'i Cy'uu3 Da'mu-as Col-la-ti'mi3 Cop'a-is Cos-eo'ui-ua Crelli'o-na Cu'siis Cyp-a-ris'si,orCyp- Da'iiii-a Col-li'na Co'phas Co-si irga3 CrcL'i-cii3 Cu-Uri-um a-ris'si-a J)a-iiiip'pu3 Col-lu'ci-a Co-pliou'tia Co'si3 Cre-u'sa Cy-am-o-so'raa Cyp-a-rii»'su3 l)a'mi3 Co'io Co'pi-a Cos'mus Cre-u'si3 Cy'a-ne CypU'a-ra Dam-uo'ui-i, or Co-lo'nre Co-piriii3 Cos'se-a Cn'a-su3 Cy-a'ne-te Cyp-ri-a'uii3 Dum-no'ni-i Co-lo'ne Co-po'iii-U3 Cos'sus Cri-nip'pii3 Cy-a'iie-c, or Cy- Cy'prii3 Dam'no-iix Cu-Io'ni-a Cop'ra-tt3 Cos-su'ti-i Cri'nia a'lie-a Cyp-se'Ia Da'ino Co-lo'nos Co'pie-us Cos-to-bo'ci Cri-iii'3U3, or Cri- Cy-a'iie-u3 Cyp-sel'i-dcs l»ain'o-cIc3 Coro-pliiiii Co|i'tu3, or Cop'tos Co3-to-bo2'i mi'sua Cy-a-nip'pe Cyp'ae-lu3 l)ii-niDc'i'a-U'3 Co-los'ae, and Co- Co'l-a Co-sy'ra Cri'iio Cy-a-iiii)'pu3 Cy-rau'ui3 Da-moc'ri-ta los'sis Coi-a-ce'si-uni, or Co'tes, or Cot'tes Cri-o'a Cy-a-iax'es, or Cy- Cj're J)a-mi)c'ri-tii3 C0-l0S'6U3 Cor-a-cen'si-um Co'tlion Cri'aon n\'a-res Cyr-e-tia'i-ca iJa-mom'e-lcs Co-lo'tes Coi'-a-co-nn'sii3 Co-llio'iic-a Cris-pi'iia Cvl>'a-!c Cyr-e-na'i-ci Ha'mon Col'pe Cor-a-co-ne'sus Cot-i-nu'sa Ci'is-pi'iiu3 Cy-li6'be Cy-re'iie Dani-o-ni'cus Col-tlie'nc Co-rid'c-tai Cot'i-su CriL'a-tii Cy-ljc'la, and Cyb'- Cy-rea'clia-ta Dam-o-pliaii'tu:* Col-u-lna'ri-a Co-ra'li CoL'ta Cri-tbe'is e-la Cy-n'a-ded l)a-mn|iU'i-la Co-Ium'ba Cu-ral'li Cot'ti-Ec Al'pC3 Cri-tlio'tti Cyb'e-Ie Cy-rU'lu3 I)!i-tnopli'i-lu3 Col-u-iml'Ia Co-ra'iiU3 Cot-to'iiis Ci'it'i-aa Cyb'e-lus Cy-n'iuia llain'o-pIioD Co-luni'uai ller'cu- Co'iaa Cot'tus Cri'to Cyb'i-ra Cyr'ne l)a-iiios'tra-tu3 \\i Co'rax Co-ty-a3'um Crit-o-bu'lus Cv-bia'ti-i-a Cyr'ua3 Da-mnx'e-nus Co-Iu't 11113 Co-rax'i Co-ty-a-i'ou Crit-o-dc'mus Cy-ce'si-um Cy-ro-pa2-di'a Da-myr'i-as C0-l}t'lU3 Cor'be-us Cot->-]ie'u3 Cnt-og-iia'tus Cych're-ua Cyr-iffi'i Da'im Com-a-gt:'na Cor'!)i9 aud Ot'su-a Co-tyl'i-ua Crit-Q-lu'us Cyc'la-dea Cir'ilia-dae Hau'a-e Com-a-ge'm Coi'lju-lo Co-ty'o-ra Cri'u-Me-to'pou Cy-club'o-iu^ Cw'rljes l)au'a-i Co-ma' ua Cor'co-ba Co-ty'o-ru3 Cri'us Cy-clo-p£e-di'a Cyi'-rbes'ti-ca Da-na'i-de3 Co-ioa'iii-a Coi-'co-ras Co'Lys Ci'o-bi'a-Iu3 Cy-clo'pe3 Cyr'i'liua liau'a-Ia Co-nia're-a Cor-cy'ra Co-ty'to Crob'y-zi Cyt-lo-pc'U3 Cyr-ri-a'na l)an'rt-U3 Com'a-ri Cor'du-ba Co-tyt'to Croc'a-lc C\ c'nu3 Cy-rop'o-lis Daii'da-vi, or D.iU- Com'a-rii3 Coi-du-e'iic Cra'gus Cro'ce-a; Cy'd.i Cyr-si'lus dar'i-dje Co-mas'iuj Cor-dy'la Crain-liu'aa Croc-o-(h'Ioii C> 'di.s Cyr'si-lu3 DaiiMon Co-nia'ta Co're Cram'l)U-ti3 Croc-o-di-Iop'o-lis Cyd'i-as Cyr-to'ua l)a-iiu'lji-U3 Cuni-ba'ljU3 Co-res'aus Cran'a-e Crocu3 Cjd'i-iii03 Cy'rus Ua'o-cbus Coni'he Cor'e-su3 Cnm'a-i Cioc-y-ie'a Cy-iii|.'pe Cy'ta Da'o-uea Com'bi Co-re'su3 Ciau'a-pcs Cixe'sus Cyd'ims Cy-tai'ia Daph'iiffi Com-t)re'a Cor'e-tns Crau'a-U3 Cro-i'tes Cy'dou Cy-the'ra Dapli-ne'us Coox'bu-tis Cor-tin'i-um Cra'ue Crii'nii Cyd-o-ne'a Cytli-e-rte'a, or IJapli'ne Co-mc'd!c Co'ri-a Cia-ne'a Cro-mi'tis Cy-di/nes Cyth-e-re'a Daph-iie-plio'ri-a Co-me'tc3 Co-ri'a Cra-iie'uQi Crum'niy-ou Cyd-o-ue'uB Cyth'e-ri3 Dapb'iiis Com'e-tlio Co-riii'e-UTU Cra'ni-i Croin'iia Cy-do'ni-a Cy-tbe'ha Daph'iius Co-iniii'i-u3 Co-riu'ua Cia'uoii, or Ciau'- Crii'inus Cy-du'iii-u3 Cy-tlie'rc-133 Dar'a-ba Co-mi t'i-a Co-riu'nus UOll Cro'iii-a Cyd'ra-ra Cy-tbe'ii-U3 Uai-'a-bi-a Co'mi-us Co-hu'tIiU3 Ci'iui'Lor Cioii'i-di!3 Cy-dre'lus Cy-tlie'ron Dar-an-ta'ai-a Com-nia-ge'uus Co-ri-o-la'im3 Crap'a-tbu3 Cro'iii-um Cyd-i'O-la'us Cy-tlie'nui i)a'rap3 Conrmo-du3 Co-ri'o-li, and Co- Cras'si-pes Cio'pbi Cyg'iiU3 Cyth'e-rus Dar'da-ni Co'moii ri-ol'la Cras-sii'i-U3 Cio».sai'a Cyl'a-bus Cytb'iios Dai'-da'iii-a Cora-pi-ta'li-a Co-ris'sus Criis'8U3 Crot'a-le Cyl-bi-a'iii Cy-tiu'e-uni JJar-daii'i-des Com-plu'tum Co-h'tha Cias-ii'nu3 Ciot'a-lu3 Cyl'i-ce3 Cyt-i3-so'iu3 t)ar'da-ui3 Cump'sa-tus Cor'i-tus Cras'li-nus Cro'tou 427 Cy-liii'du3 Cy-to'ri-U3 Uar'da-nus 1 PRONUNCIATION OF GKEEK AN'D LATIN PROPER NAilES. Da-re'i-uni Di'res Ua-re'lis Da-re'as, cf Da ri'- us Da-ri'a Da-ria-rea Da-h'cua Da-ri*tae Das'con Pas-cy-le'uca l)as-CT-h'ti3 Das'cy-lus Da'se-a Da'si-U3 Das-sar'e-tjE. or Das-sa-ri'tffl Das-sa-re'ni, cr Dcis-sa-rit'i-i Dat'a-Dies Dat-a-pher'nes Da'iis Da'to?, or Da'ton Dau'lis Dau'ni Dau'ui-a Dau'ims Dau'ri-fer, or Dau'- ri-ses Dav'a-ra Deb'o-rus Dec-a-du'cU De-cap'o-Iis De-cel*'a-lus Pec-e-le'a De-ce'le-uPi l»ec-e-li'cuiii Dec'e-Ius De-cem'vi-ri I>e-ce'ti-a De-ci-a'tum" De-cid'i-us Sax'a I)ec'i-mus ])e-ciii'e-us De'ci-us U»;c'u-ma Dec-u-raa'tes De-cu'ri-o Ded-i-tam'e-nes De-ic'o-on De-id-a-mi'a l>e-ire-on De-il'o-cbos De-iD»'a-cbQ3 De-i'o-ces Ite-i'o-chus De-i'o-ne De-i-o'ue-u3 De-i-o-pe'i-a D?-i-ol'a-ni3 De-ipli'i-la De-ipli'o-lje De-ipli'o-bus De'i-phon De-i-plion'tes De-ip'y-Ie De-ip'y-lus Dd-ip'y-rU3 Dej-a-ni'ra Dej'o-ces De-jot'a-ru3 Del'dou De'li-a De-li'a-des De'ii-um De'li-us Del-ma'ti-u3 Del-mi o'i -urn De'los Del'pbi Del'pbi-cna Del-pbin'i-a Del-phiQ'i-um Del'pbus Del-pby'ue Del'ta Del-lo'ton Deni'a-des De-maiQ'e-tus De-mag'c-r;i3 Dem-a-ra'ta Dem-a-ia'tus De-iuar'cbu3 Dera-a-re'ta Dem-a-ris'te De-ma'tri-a De'Die-a De-me'ier De-me'ln-a De-nie'in-as De-me'iri-us De'mo Dera-o-a-nas'sa Dem-o-ce'des De-moch'a-rc3 Deni'o-cles De-moc'o-on De-moc'ra-tes De-moc'ri-tus De-mod'i-ce De-mod'o-cu3 Dera-o-do'rua De-nio'le-ou De-mo'ie-us De'mon Dera-o-nas'sa De-mo'Dax Dem-o-ni'ca Dem-o-ni'cu3 Dem-opban'tus De-mop b'i-1 us Dem'o-plion De-mopb'o-on De-raop'o-lis De'mos De-raos'the-iies De-mos'tra-tus De-mu'cbu3 Dem'y-lus Diii-se-Ie'tce De-od'a-tU3 De-o'is Der'be Der'bi-cea Der'bi-cea Der-bi'cea Der'ce Der-ee'ui-i Der-cen'nus Der'ce-to, or Dcr'- ce-tis Der-cyl'b-das Der-cyl'lus Der'cy-los Der'cy-uus Der-ss'i Der-tbo'na De-fQ-si-ie'i Des'po-ta De-su'da-ba Deu-ca'Ii-on Deu-ce'ti-us Deu'do-rix Deu-ri'o-pU3 Dev'o-na Dex-am'e-ne Dei-ani'enus Dex-ip'pus De.t-itb'e-a Dex'i-U3 Di'a Di-ac-o-pe'iia Di-a-cre'a Di'a-cris Di-ac-tor'i-des Di-a-du'me-Dus Di- a - du-me-ni-a'- uus Di-ae'u3 Di'a-ggn, or Di'a- guui Di-a-gon'das Di-ag'iKras Di-a'b's Di-anu3 Di-a-ma j-tl-go'sis Di-a'na Di-im'a-sa Di-a'ni-u'Ti Di-apb'a-iic3 Di-a'si-a Dib'i-o Di-Cffi'a Di-ca-ar-cbe'ns Di-Kc-ar-cbia Di-ciE'us Di'ce Dic-e-ar'chus Di-ce'ne-us Dic'o-iiiaa Dic'ta; Dic-tam'num, or Dic-tj-n'ua Dic-ta'tor Dic-tid-i-eii'st.5 Dic-tyii'ua Dic'tys Did'i-iis Di'do Did'y-m^ I)id-y-m8e'ii3 Did-y-Dia'on Did'y-ms Did'y-mura Did'y-nius ni-en'e-ces Di-es'pi-ler Di-ge'na Di-geu'ti-a, Di-jie'ri Dig'ma Di-i-po-U Di'i J)i-mas'sus Di-uar'cbu3 Din'dy-ma Dm-d'y-rae'jie Din'dy-mu3 Din'i-a Diu'i-as Din'i-cbe Di-nocb'a-re3 DUnoc'ra-tes I)i-nod'o-cbus Din-o-ge-ti'ft Di-nol'o-cbu3 Di-nom'e-ues Di'cou Di-iios'tbe-ues Di-uos'tra-tus Di-tKcses-a-re'a Di-o-cle'a Di'o-cles Di-o-cIe-li-a'uu3 Di-o-do'rns Di-o'e-tas Di-og'e-nes Di-o-ge'ni-a Di-og'e-nns Di-og-ne'tus Di-o-me'a Di-o-me'da Di-om-e-de'a Di-om-e-de'ffl Di-i>-me'de3 Di-o-me'don I)i-o'mus Di'on Di-o-nie'a Di-o'ne l)i-oii-3r-se'u3 Di-o-nys'i-a I'i-o-ny-si'a-des Di-o-ny3'i-as Di-o-nys'i-des Di-o-ny s-i-o-do'rus D:-o-nys'i-on Di-o-iiy-sip'o-lis J'l- !-nys'i-us Di-o-uv'sus Di-iipb'a-nes Di-o-phan'tu3 Di-o-pEe'nu3 Di-o-pi'teSj or Di-o- pi'tlies D:-op'o-li3 Di-o'res Di-o-ryc'tus Di-os-L-or'i-ilei Di-os'co-rum Di-os'ct>-ru3 Di-os-cu'ri Di-05'pa-ge Di-os'po-lis Di-o-ti'me Di-o-ti'mus Di-ot're-pbes Di-ox-ip'pe Di-ox-ip'pii3 Di-DEe'ae Dipa'i-las' Diph'i-lu3 Di-pbor*i-das Dipu'r>-ge3 Di-pce'ca) Dip'o-lis Dip'sas Dip'y-lum Di'ne Dir'ce Dir-cen'na Dir'pLi-a Dir-pby'i-a Dis-cor'di-a Dis'co-rum Dis'o-rse Dith-y-ram'btt3 Dit-i-o'nes Dit'ta-m Di'uiu Div-i-ti'a-cus Div-o-du'rum Div'o-iia Di'\iis Fid'i-us Di-yl'los Di-ie'rus Do-be'res l>o-be'ru3 Doc'i-lis Doc-i-me'um Doc'i-mu3 llo'cle-a Do-do'na Dod-o-BEe''J3 Do-do'ne Do-don't-dcs Do'i-i DoU-bel'li Dol-i-clia'un Dol'i-cbe Doll-cbos Do-U'on Do-b'o-nes Do-b'o-iiij Do'il-U3 Dol-o-me'na Dol-o-me'iie Do'lou Uo-lou'ci Dol'o-pea Do-lo'pbi-on Do-lo'pi-a Dol-o-pi'on Uo'lops Dom-i-du'ca Dom-i-do'cus Do-miu'i-ca Do-mit'i-a Uo-mit-i-a'uus Do-mi- til'la Dj-mit'i-ns Dom-not'i-unm Dom-not'i-uus Do-natus Dou-i-la'u3 Do-nu'ca Do-ny*sa Du-rac'te Dor-ce'a Do'res Do'ri Dor'i-ca Dor'i-cus l>or'i-das Do-ri-eD's.-3 Do-ri-e'us Dor'i-las Dor-i-la'u3 Do'ri-oa Dc.'ris Do-ris'cns Du'ri-Qiu Do'ri-as Do-ros'to-lam Do-ros'to-nim Dor-sea'nus Dor'so Do'ru9 Do-ry'a-sns Do-ry'clu3 Dor-y-be'um, or Dor-y-lfle'U3 Dor'y-las Dor-y-la'us Do-ryph'o-ri Do-rys'5U3 Do5'ci Do-si'a-das Do-si'a-des Do-Sitb'e-u3 Do-se'ttus Do'son Djt'a-das Dj'to Uo'ius Dox-au'der Drac'a-non, or Drac'o-nua Dra-ca'uu5 Drac'a-ous Dra'co Dra-cou'ii-Jes Drac'o-num Dra'cus Dra-bu'iiiis Drda'ce3 Dran-gi-a'na Dran-^i'ua Dra'pes Drep'a-na,orDrcp'- a-Dum Dnm'a-clius Dn-odVncs Dn-op'i-des Dh'os Dro'i Dro-macb'e-tus Dxo-mse'n« 4J3 Drop*i-ci Dro'pi-on Dru-eu'li-iis, or Dru-en'u-a Dm-ge'ri Dru'ge-ri Dru'i-dae Dra-sil'la Liv'i-a Dra'so Dru'sus Dry'a-des DjT-an-ti'a-des, or i)ry-an'li-de3 Dry-an-ti'des Drv-msea Dry 'mo Dry-nio'dc3 Dry'mus Dry-nreiu'e-tum Dry'o-pe Drv-o-pe'i-a Dry'o-pes Dry'o-pis, or Diy- op'i-da Dry 'ops Dryp'e-tis Du'bis Du'bris Du-ce'ti-us Da-U'li-a Du-il'b-us Ke'po3 Du-licb'i-um Du-lop'o-bs Dum'no-ruc Du'uax Du'ra-nug DQ-ra'ti-u3 Da'ra-to Du'ri-us Du-ro-cor 'to-rum Du-ro'ui-a Da-um'?i-ri Dy-a-gou'das Dy-ar-den'tes Dy'mse Dy-maj'i Dy'mas Dyai'nus Dy-iidin'e-Tie Dy-Das'le Dy'ras Dy-ras'pcs Dy'ris Dy-ra'cM-um Dy-sau'ies Dys-ci-ue'tus Dy-so'rum Dy-so'ru-* Dys-pou'ii-i E. E'a-nes E a'iiu3 E-ar'i-iiU3 E-a'si-uin Eb'dij-me Eb'o-da E'bon Eb'o-ra E-bor'a-cam £b-o-ra'eu:u Eb'o-rum Lb-ro-i'ces E-bu'da Eb'u-ra Eb'Q-ro Eb-u-ro'ues Eb-u-ro-vi'ces Eb'u-sus Ec-a-me'da Ec-bit'a-ua Ec-e-clur'i-a.orEs- e-kir'i-a E-ce'tra E-cbe'ffi E-chec'ra-te3, or E-keL'ra-lei Ecb'e-dje Ech-e-da'nii-a Ecb-e-da-mi'u E-cbel'a-tus E-chel'ia Eeb'e-ius E-cIiem'bro-tua E-che*mon Ecli'c-mus Ecli-e-ne'u3 Ech'e-pbroa E-chtrp'o-lis Ech-o-po'lu3 E-clies'tra-tu3 Edi'e-tia Ech'e-tra Ecb'e-tus E-cbev-e-t ben's cs E-cliid'ua Ech-i-do'ni5 E-cbin'a-de3 E-cbi'nou E-cbi'nus Ecb-i-nua'sa E-cbi'on E-cbi-ou'i-dc3 E-cbi-o'ni-u3 E'cbi-U3 E'cho Ec-uo'mo3 E-des'sa, Of E-de'fi E-dis'sa E'don E-do'nea Ed'o-nes E-do'ni E-da'sa E-dyl'i-u3 E-e'ti-on E-gii'le-os E-gei'i-du3 E-ge'ri-a E-ges-a-re'lU3 Eg-e-si'nus E-ges'ta E-ge'ia Eg-na'ti-a Eg-na'ti-n9 E-i'oD E-i'o-nes E-i-o'ne-us. oi E-jo'uc-us E-i-ze'los El-a-bou'tas E-lse'a E-lae'us E-i£e-u-ti'cbns El-a-ga-ba'lus, ct El-a-gab'a-lu3 E-la'is El-a-i'tes E-la'i-us El-a-pbe-bo'li-a El-a-pbi-a;'a £l'a-phu3 El-ap-to'ui-a3 E-la'ra El-a-te'a E-Ia'tu3 El'a-tus E-ia'ver E'le-a E-le-a'tc3 E-lec'lni E-lec'lra E-Iec'tri-des E-Iec'irv-ou El-e-gi'a E-le'i El-e-le'us E'le-ou E-le-oti'lU'ii Ei-e-pban'ti-ne El-e-phaii'ti3 El-e-pUan- topb'a- El-e-phan-to-tbe'- ne El-e-pbe'uor Ll-e-po'rus El-eu-cbi'a E'Ic-U3 Ei-eii-siu'i-a El-eii-si'nus E-leu'sis E-leu'tijer E-Ieu'tbe-iie El-eu-tbe'n-a E-leu - tber-o-cU'i- ces E-leu-the-ro-la- co'iies E-lea'lbe-rua E-leu'tlio E-leu 'ibe-roa E-bc'i-U3 E-li-eu'sis, CT E-li'- a-ca El-i-me'a El-i pba'si-i E'lis E-lisa h.-lis'sa E-Us'su3 E-Io'ne El-lo'pi-a EJo'rus E'los El-pe'nor El-pi-ni*co El-u-i'rm El'y-cea El-y-mn El'y-mi El'y-tnua Ei'y-rus El'y-sa E-lys'i-um E-ma'tbi-a E-ma'tbi-OD Em'ba-tum Em-bo-li'ma E-mer'i-ta E-mes'sa, or F- mis'sa E-mo'da, or E-mo'- du3 E-mo'di Em-ped'o-cles Em'pe-dus Em-pe-ra'tmia Em-po'clus Em-po'ri-a Em-po'ri-ae Em-pu'sa Em-pyr*i-uni E-DEEs'i-mus En-cel'a-dus Ea-clae*le-«. Eu'de-is Eu-de'ra En-dc'ruiu Eu-dym'i-oii E-nc'ti En'e-ti En-gnn'a-sis Eu-gy'um E-ni-en'ses E-ni-o'pe-us E-ni'pe-U3 E-nis'pe En'na ED'ni-a Eii'ni-u3 Ea'no-mu3 Eu-nos-i-gie'as Eu'o-pe E'nops E'd03 Eu-o-sic'tboo E-not-o-coe'lse En-tel'la En-tel'iu3 E-ny-a'li-iis E-ny 'o E'o-ue E'03 E-o'us E-pxn'e-tu3 E-pa'gn3 E-pam-i-non'dns Ep-an-te'b-i E-paph-ro-di'tus Ep'a-phtts Ep-as-nac'tns E-peb'o-lus E-pe'i Ep-e-tri'mi E-pe'us E-phe'bi Epb'e-£U3 Eph'e-lae Epb-i-al'tcs tpb'o-n EpIi*o-rus EpU'ra-ti Epb'y-ra Epb'j-re Ep-i-ca'rus Ep-i-cas*te Ep-i-cer'i-des Ep-i-cba'i-de E-pich'a-rirt Ep-i-cliar'mus Ep'i-cles Ep-i-cb'des Ep-ic-ne-mid'i-i E-pic'ra-tes Ep-i-cre'ne Ep-ic-te'tti3 Ep-i-cu-re'i Ep-i-cu'rus E-pic'y-des Ep-i-cy-Ui'des Ep-i-dam-oe'ue Ep-i-dam'uus PRONUNCIATION OF GPtEEK AND LATIN PROPEPv NAMES. Kp-i-dapU'ne E-pi-dHU'ri-a Ep-i-(lau'ru3 K-pi(l'i-uni E-])id'i-u3 Ep-i-ilo'tje E-pid'o-tu3 E-pig'e-UL'3 Jl-plg'e-ii3 E-pi^i'o-iii E-pig'o-nu3 Ep-i-ijra'ue-a E-pi'i, or E-pe'i E-pil'a-ris Ep-i-mel'i-des E-pim'e-nes Ep-i-men'i-des Ep-i-me'tlie-u3 Ep-i-me'tlii3 E-pi'o-cbu3 K-pi'o-ue Ep-i-plia'ne-a Ep-i-pha-iie'a Ep-i-pba-ui'a E-piph'a-nc3 Ep-i-pha'iii-us E-pip'o-tte E-pi'ru3 E-pis-co-pi'um E-pi-j'tro-phus E-pit'a-des Ep-i-tbe'iaa Ep*i-tos E'pi-uni Ep'o-na E-pou'j -mu9 E-po'pe E-po'pe-iis Ep-o-red'o-rix Ep'u-lo E-pyt'i-des Ep'y-tu9 Eq-ua-jus'ta E-qtiic'o-lu3 E-quir'i-a Eq'ui-tes Eq-uo-tu'li-cum Er'a-cou E-iffi'a Er-a-se'nus Er-a-3i'uus Er-a-sip'pu3 Er-a-sis'tra-.us Er'a-to Er-a-tos'the-nes Er-a-los'ti'a-tu3 E-ra'tus Er-ltes'sus Er-clii'a Er'e-lju3 Er-ecli-the'um E-recli'tlie-iis Er-ech-tlii'dte E-recIi'thi-ilta E-reui*iji E-re'miis Er-e-iie'a E-res'sa E-re'6U9 Er'e-sus, or E-rcs'- EUS E-re'lri-a E-re'tuni Er-eu-lha'li-un Er'gii-ne Kr-gan'i-ca Er-^en'iia Ki'gi-as Er-gi'iius Er-giu'ims Er-i-l»CB';i Er-i-bu'tea Er-i-ca'tL3 Er-i-ce'a Kr-i-ct'tL-s E-ricU'tlio Er-icli-tlio'ni-u3 Kr-i-cin'i-uui E.-i-cu'sa E-rid'a-nu3 Ei'-ig-du'piis E-rig'o-ne E-rig-o-ne'i-u3 E-i'ig'u-im3 Er-i-^'u3 E-nllus E-i-ia'de3 E-riu'e-oa E-iiii'na E-rin'njs E-ri'o-pi3 E-ripli'a-uia E-ripli'i-ilas Er-i-pb}'le E'ris Er-i-sicli'lboD Er'i-tbus E-rix'o E-ro'cbus E-ro'pu3, and Mi'- o-paa E'ro3 E-ros'ti-a-tus E-ro'ti-a Er-ru'ca Er'se Erx'i-as E-ry'a-Uis E-ryb'i-um Er-y-ci'na Er-y-mau'lbi3 Er-y-man'tbus Er'y-mii3 E-iym'na ]'j-rym'ue-u3 Er'y-rau3 Er-ys-thc'a Er-y-tlite'um Er-y-tlie'a Er-y-thi'a Er-y-tlii'ni Er'y-thia E-rylh-ia-ljo'liis Er'y-tbrse Er'y-tbras E-rylb'ri-on E-rytb'ro3 E'rj'x K-ryx'o E-ser'nu3 Es-quii'i-ic, and Es-qui-li'iiuj Es-sed'o-ues Ea'se-iies Es'su-i Es-ti-se-o'tis Es-ti-ai'a Es'u-la E-le-ai'cbu3 E-te'o-cles E-te'o-clus Et-e-o-cro'uc E-te'o-nea E-te-o'ue-iis E-te-o-ui'cu3 E-te-o'ims E-te'si-ffi E-tha'U-on E-llie'le-u:ii E-the'lus E-tbe'niou Eth'o-da E'ti-as E'tis E-tiu'ri-a E-tru3'ii Et'y-lu3 Eu'L'ii-ges Eu-ba'tas Eu'bi-U3 Eu-bce'a Eu-bo'i-cu3 Eu'l)o-te Eu'bo-tc3 Eu-bu'le Eu-bu'li-de3 Eu-bu'lus Eu-ce'rus Eu-cbe'iior Eu'cbi-des Eu-cli'de3 Eu'clus Eu'cia-te Eu'cra-lc3 Eu'cri-tu3 Euc-te'mmi Euc-tre'si-i Eu-da:'mun Eu-dam'i-da3 Eu'da-mus, or Eii- da'uius Eu-de'nius Eu-do'ci-a Eu-doc'i-iiiu3 Eu-do'ra Eu-do'iu3 Eu-do\'i-a Eu-dox'u3 Eu-el-ge"a Eu-e-nicr'i-da3 Eu-es'pe-ii3 Eu-ga'ne-i Eu-ge'ni-a Eu-gu'iii-um Eu-ge'ni-U3 Eu'ge-ou Eu-gi'a Eu-heni'e-rus Eu'liy-dia Eu'by-druni Eu'by-U3 Eii-lim'e-ne Eu-ma'cbi-u3 Eu-nife'us Eu-ma'ras Eu-nie'ces Eu-me'dc3 Eu-me'iis Eu-nit'lus, (son oj Jd/iielus) Eu'me-lus Eu'nie-ne3 Eu-nie'ni-a, (a fe- male) Eu-me-ni'a, (a cit-ra Gar-ja'nns Gar-gii'p]ii-a Gar'ga-ra Gar-gar'i-dLC Gai-'ga-ri3 Gar'ga-ru3 Gar-<;t:t'tu3 Gar-git'ti-U3 Ga-nl'i-U3 Ga-ri'tes Ga-rum'iia Gas'tron Ga'tbe-ai Ga-tbe'a-tas Gau-ga-me'ia Gau'lu3, or Gau'li- 011 Gau-ra'nu3 Gau'rus Ga'us, or Ga'os Ga-zo'rU3 Ge-ben'na Ge-dro'si Ge-dro'si-a Ge-ga'ui-i Ge'la Ge-la'nor Gel'H-a Gel'li-as Gel'b-us Ge'lo, or Gc'Ion Gel'o-i Ge-lo'i Gel'o-iies, or Ge- lo'm Ge'Ins Geni'i-iii Ge-min'i-u3 Gera'i-nus Gc-mi'nna Ge-na'biun Ge-nau'ni Ge-iie'tes Ge-ue'va Geii'e-va Gc-iie'va, or Ge- iia'va Ge-ni'sii3 Ge'ni-us Gen-na'i-ilc3 Ge-no'ni Geii'se-ric Gcu'ti-us Geii'u-a Ge-nu'ci-u3 Ge-im'ni3 Gc-nu'sus Geu'u-su3 Ge-nu'ti-a Gen'y-siis Ge-oin'o-n Ge-or'gi-ca Gc-p]iy'ra Ge-pbyr'Ec-i Gepli-y-iEc'i Ge-pliy'res Gcpb-y-ro'te Gep'i-diE Ge-ra;s'tu3 Gcr-a-ne'a Gc-ia'ni-a Ge-rnn'tbrae Gei-'a-sa Ge-rc'a Gc-res'ti-cna Ger'gi-tliiiiii Ger-go'bi-a Ge'ri-on Ger-ma'iii-a Gcr-man-i-ci'a Ger-inaii'i-cus GtT-nia'ui-i Ger-ma'nu3 Ger-on-te'ii3 Ge-roii'tbra; Gcr'rliffi Ge'rtis, and Gti*'- rhus Ge'i'y-on, and Gc- ry'o-nea Gc-sit!i'o-u3 Ges'sa-tffi Ges-30-ri'a-cum Gcs'sos Gcs'su3 Gt'ta Gc'tas Gc-tbo3'y-no Geth-sciu a-iii Get'i-cii8 Ge-tu'b-a Gi-gaii'les PRONTTNCIATION OF GREEK AND LATIN" PROPER NAMES, Gig-an-te'us Gi-gai'tum Gi'gis Gi-*.'o'axi8 Gil'do Gillo Giu-da'nes Gia'des Gin'ge Gin-gu'niiin Gip'pi-us Gis'co Gla-di-a-to'i'i-i Lu'- di Glaii-do-me'runi Gl:i'ni3 Ghi'imni Glaph'j-rc, and Gla|iiry-ra Glaph'y-ius Gluii'ce G!au'oi-a GUiU-ci]i'pe Glau-op'pus Glau'cou Glaii-eon'o-nie Glau-co'pia Glau'cus Glau'ti-aa Gli'coa Glis'sas Glyc'e-ra Gly-ce'ii-uni Gly'coa Glym'pe3 Giia'ti-a Gui'dus Gnos'si-a, or Gnos'- sis Gnos'sus GoI)-a-iiit'i-o Go' bar Gob'a-re3 Go'bry-as Gol'gi Gom'o-ra Gom'piii Go-na'ta9 Go-ni'a-des Go-iiip'pus Gou'ui Go-nccs'sa Go-iiu8'sa Gur-di-a'iui3 Gov-di-e'um Gor-di-u-cu'mon Goi''di-iiui Goi'di-us Gnr-iU-u-li'chus Gor-ga'sus Goi-'ge Gor'gi-aa Gor'go Gi)r'go-nes Gov-go'iie-us Gor-go'iii-a Gur-go'iii-ii3 Gor-<5opli'i)-iie Gor-giipli'D-va Goi-gu'pis Gor'giis Gor-gytli*i-on Gov'lu-ie Goi'Lyu, Gor'ljs, or Gor-ly'ua Goi-tyii'i-a Go-tl)0'llC3 Gu'lhi Got'tlii Giac'clius Giii-di'viis Gijf'ci Gnt'ci-a Gia;'ci-a Mag'na Gi;e-i'i'mis Giie-fos'la-sis Giic'cus Grft'i-U3 Gra-ju'ge-nce Gia-ui'cu8 Gra'ui-us Gra-le'ie lu'su-Ix Gia' Li-re Gra-ti-a'iiU3 Gm-tid'i-a Gia'ti-on Gra'ti-us Gia'vi-i Gra-visVff Gi'a'vi-U3 Gre-go'rU»is Giiu'iies Gro-ne'a Gros'phus Gryl'lus Giy-nc'um Gry-nc'iis Gry-ni'um Gy'a-ra Gy'a-ru9, and Gy'- a-ro3 Gy'as Gy-gBe'u3 Gy'gcs, or Gy'es Gyl-H-ce'a Gy-lip'pn3 Gym-na'si-a Gyin-na'si-um Gym'ne-tc3 Gym-ne'tcs GjTii-no-pai-di'a Gym-nos-o-pliis'tDe Gy-iife'cc-as Gy-niTj-co-thce'nas Gyn'des Gyn-ne'si-ffi Gyr-to'na Gy-the'uir. n. ITa'bis lla-dri-a-nop'o-lis Ha-dri-a'iiua Ila-dri-at'i-cum Had-y-lc'um Ilie'mon Hffi-mo'ni-a lUeiu'o-iiis Ha;'mu8 Ha'ges Hag-nag'o-ra Hag'uo lla-he'sus, and Ha- le'su3 Ilal'a-la lIa!-cy'o-ne Ila-len'tura llare-sa lla-le'sa lla-le'si-us lla-le'sus Ha'li-a Ha-li-ac'mnn Ha-li-ac'e-lus Ha-li-ar'tus llal-i-car-uas'se-iis llol-i-rar-nas'sus lla-lic'y-!e Ha-li't-13 Ilii-liin'c-de llal-ir-iho'ti-iis llal-i-tlier'sus Ila-li'iim Ila'li-ii3 Ilal-i-zo'nes Hal-nio'ncs liarnius lljil-niy-des'sus Ilal'uiy-ris llal-my-ro'tes lla-lu'a lla-Ioc'ra-tes Ila-lo'ue ilal-on-ne'sus Ha-l'/ii-u lla-lu'lii8 Ua'lus Hii-ly-rc'tus Ha-ly-al'te^ lla-ly'cu8 Il./lys lla-lyz'i-a Uam-a-tlry'a-des Ila-mad'ry-as Hani-ai-lo'Uis IIa-ni;ix'i-!i Ha-iiiax'i-tu3 Ilam-iix-o'bi-i Ila-niircar Ha-mil'lus Ham'mon llait'ni*bal Ilar'ta-lo llar-nia-te'li-a llai'ma-tris llar'Dia-tus Ilar-nieii-n-pu'lus IIar-mo'[U-U3 llar-nu/ni-a Hiir-moD'i-dcs Har-nios'y-iii Har'mo-zbn llar-pa'gi-a Har-pag'i-dea Ilar'pa-giis Har-pal i-ce Ilar-pa'li-ou Hiir'pa-lus Har-pal'y-ce Ilar-pal'y-cus Har'pa-sa Uar'pa-siiB Har-poc'ra-tes Har-py'i-a ilar-py'i-te Har'u-dc3 Ha-ru'de3 Ha-rus'pex Has-I)y'le Has'dm-Iial Ha-te'rt-us Hiuis'ta-nea He-au-ton-ti-mo- ru'nic-uo3 Helj'do-Ie Heb'do-me He'he He-be'su3 Heb'ri-iiU3 He-broi)i'a-»um He-brom'a-uus He'hnis He-bu'dcs ilec'a-le Hcc-a-le'si-a Hec-a-me'de Hec'a-tre Hec-a-tie'u9 Ilcc'a-te Ilec-a-te'si-a Ilec'a-to llec-a-tom-bo'i-a llec-a-tom-plio'- uUa Ilcc-a-tom'po-lis Hec-a-tom'py-los Ilcc-a-tom'py-lus Hcc-a-tou-ue'si Hec-te'jiie Hec'tor llec'u-ba llec'y-ra Iled'i-Ia Ued-o-iirc'um Hed'ii-es Iled'u-i Hed'y-Ius llc-dyin'c-lcs Ue-gCro-dius He-ge'mon Ileg-c-si'a-nax He-ge'si-!i3 lU'g-c-sil'o-clms llC;i-e-siu'o-m lleg-e-si'inis Heg-c-sip'pus lleg-e-sip'y-le lieg-e-sis'tia-tu3 lleg-e-syp'e-Ie Ilcji-c-tur'i-des Hei'e-na lle-le'iii-a llel-e-ui'u3 ile-le'iior Hel't-mis lle'le-uii He-ler'ni Tii'cvis ile'ks, or lla'k-s Ueh-a lle-Ii'a-dc9 lle-li-aViie nel-i-ca''tn lld'i-ce UilVion Ucl-i-co-ni'a-des UeI-i-co'iii3 Hcl-i-iiiu'ua Hel'i-mus He-li-o-do'rus lie-li-o-gab'a-his IIe-li-t)-;^a-l)H'lus He-li-iip'i)-Ua lle-lib'sou llt'-ll'lUU lle'li-iH Ilc-bx'xis Hcl'ia-da llcUlaii'i-cc Ill-1-Iuil'l-Cll3 Ik'l-la-uoc'ra-les llel-la-iiod'i-cse ilel'ias Helle Hel'len Ilel-Ie'ncs Hel-les-pou'tus Hel'io-pea Hel-lo'pi-a Ilel-lo'ti-a He-lo'ri3 IJe-lo'rum, and He-lo'ru9 He'los He-lo'tce, and He- lo'tes He'lum Hel-ve'ti-a TIel-ve'li-i Ilcl-ve'tum Hcl'vi-a Ilel-vid'i-a IleI'vi-i Hel-Til'lum Hel-vi'na Ilel'vi-us Cin'na Hcry-n\u3 Hc-nia'(lii-on Uem-c-103-co-pi'- um He-mi c'y-nes He-mith'e-a He-modus He'nion lle-mo'na He'inns lleu'e-ti He-iii'o-clti * He-iii-o-cbi'a Ile-pbpes'ti-a Hepb-tes-ti'a Hepli-as-ti'a-dcs IIe-pb[e$'ti-i ne-pba:s'ti-o He-plites'ti-on Hcp-ta-pho'no3 Hep-tap'o-li3 Hep-tap'o-iU3 Hcp-tap'y-lns Hcp-la-yd'a-ta He'ra Her-a-clc'a Iler-a-clc'i-a Her'a-cles IIe-i"ac'le-\im Hc-rac-lc-o'ics Her-a-cli'dfe Her-a-cli'drs Iler-a-cli'dis Her-a-cli'tU3 HL'-rac'li-u3 Her-a-cU'us He-vai'a Hf-JEc'iim Hei'-be'*u^ Hcr-bcs'su3 Mer-bi'ta Her-ce'i-u3 Hcr-cc'ns Her-cu-ia'ne-um Her-cu-la'nc-us Uer'cu-lc3 HtT-cu'Ic-ura Hcr-cu'le-uB Her-cy'na Her-cyn'i-a Her-cyii'i-u3 Her-do'iii-a Hei'-do'iu-u3 llc're-a Ue-re'a lle-ieu'ui-us Se- ne'ci-0 ne'rc-ii3 He-iiriU3 HiT'l-lU3 lie-ii'us, and He'- ri-u3 llcr'm;i-ch:ia Iler'niie lier-nire'a ller-mie'um Her-mag'o-ra3 Hcr-maii'di-ca Uer-mau-du'ri llcr-mai'.'oi llcr-maph-ro-di' tU3 Hei'ma3 Her-ina-the'na Hci-nie'a3 Hfi-tiic'i-as lier'iue3 Hcr-me-si'a-nax Her-mi'a3 430 Uer-nnu'i-us Her-mi'o-ne Iler-mi'o-nc3 Her-mi-o'iii-re Her-mi-ou'i-cu9 Si'nua ner-mi'o-iii3 Her-niip*pus Her-mo-cup'i-dse Her-moc'ra-tc3 Her-mo-du'iii3 Her-mog'e-nes Her-mo-la'U3 Her-mo'iiax Her-mon'dori Her-mop'o-li3 Her-mo-ti'imis Her-mun-du'ri Her'mus Hcr'ni-ci He'ro He-ro'de3 He-ro-di-a'nu3 IIe-rod'i-cu3 Her-o-(ii'iim He-iod'o-tus Her-o-du'lu3 Her'o-es He-ro'es He-ro'is He'ron He-ropli'i-la He-iopli'i-le He-rojjb'i-liis He-ro5'ti'a-tU3 Her'pa Her'se Hcr-bil'i-a Her'tba.aHt/Her'lu Her'u-H Hcr'u-lus Ue-sfetms He-si'o-iIu3 He-si'o-ne He-si'o-iies lles-pe'ri-a lles-per'i-dcs Hes'jie-ris Hes-pe-ri'tis Hcs'pc-riis Hes'ii-a Hes-ti'a Hes-ti-a;'a Ucs-li-u'ni;3 He'sus He-sycb'i-a He-sycb'i-u3 He-tiic'u-lum Hc-tiu'ri-a lleu-np'pa Hex-ap'y-lum Ui-av'bas, or I-ar'- bas Hi-ber'ni-a, nud Hv-bor'ni-a Jli-be'ru3 lU-bjil'dcs Uic-e-Ia'on Hic'e-tas ili-emp'sal Hi'e-ra {(tn is!nud) lU-ii'ia, or l-ffi'ra (rt person) Hi-e-ia-C(i'me Hi-e-rap'o-lis lli'e-rax iU'e-ri Hi-ei''i-cliu3 Hi'c-i'o lii-e-ro-ce'pi-a Ili-e-ro-cepis Hi-er'o-clc3 1 1 t-e-ro-cres-a-re'a Hi-e-vo-du'li Ui-e-ro-du'Uim Ili-c-ro-ke'ryx Ili-er-om-ne'nion lli-er-om-ueiii'u- nes Hi-e-ro-iie'sos Hi-c-roii'i-ca (Lex) ni-e-ro-iii'ciE Hi-er-o-iii'oe3 lli-e-ron'i-cus ni-e-ion'y-mus lli-e-iopli'i-lus Ui-e-ro-sol'y-ma lli-gi'ims ihg-nu'ti-a Vi'a Hi-la'ri-a Hi-la'ri-U3 Hi-man-top'o-dea Hi-mel'Ia Him'e-ra ni-mil'co Hip-pag'o-ras Hip-pa'4'ie-tu3 Hip-pai'ci-uiu3 Hip'pa-Iu3 Hip-par'clii-a Hip-par'cbu3 Hip-pa-n'DU3 Hip-]>a'ii-on Hip'P'i-ii3 Hip'[)a-sus Hip'pe-us Hip jn-a Hip'pi-ua H ip'pis Hij>'|ii-H3 Hip'po Hip-pol)'o-tc5 Hip-pob'o-tiim Hip-pob'u-tu3 Hip-po-cen-tau'ri Hip-po-co'rae Hip-poc'o-on Hip-po-co-ry3'te3 Hip-poc'ia-te Hip-poc'ra-tc3 Ilip-po-cra'ti-a Hip-po-cre'ne llip-pod'a-mas llip-pod'a-rite, nnd Hip-po-da-iin'a Hip-pod'u-mus Hip-poLl'i-ce llip-po-do'rus Hip-pod'ro-mus Hip'po- la Hip-pul'o-cbus Hip-pol'y-te Ilip-pui'y-tus Hip-p(mi'a-cliU3 Uip-poni'c-dou llip-pom-e-du'da Mip-pom'e-ne Hip-pom'e-iies llip-po-morgi Hip'pou, and Hip'- po Hip-pii'iia Hi|)-)>o'iiav llip-po-m a-IC3 Hip-po-iii'cus llip-pu'iii-uiu liip-pou'o-iis ilip-poph'a-gi Hip-pop'o-des Hip-p' s'ti-a-tu3 Hip-pot'a-des Hip'po-taSjOjIlip'- po-tes Hip-pot li'o-e Hip-poth'o-on Hip-potli-o-oii'tis Hip-potb'o-U3 Hip-pcj'ti-on Hip-po-tox'o-tic Hip-pu'ris Hip-pu'iU3 Hip'pas Hip'si-des Hi'ra Hir-pi'ni Hir-pi'niH Ilir'ti-a (Lex) Hii-'li-u3 Au'lus Hir'tus His'bon His'pa-lis His-pa'iii-a His-pa'ru3 lli5-pet'Iuin His'po His-pul'Ia His-tas'pC9 His'tcr ra-cii'vi- us His-ti-rc'a Hia-ti-ic'o-tis His-ii-fe'U3 His'tri-a Ho'di-U3 Hol-nu'um Hol'o-cron Honi-e-re'U3 llo-mei'i-dtc Hn-mc-ro-iiias'tix Ilo-me-ro-maa-ti'- gcs Ho-me'nis Ho-iia'lffi Hom'o-le Ho-mu'ie-a HoQi-o-lip'pns Hom-o-lo'i-des Ho-mon-^-deu'sc3 Hoin-o-li'mi Hu'nor Ho-DO'ri-u3 Ho-ple'te3 Ho'ra Ho-rac'i-tte Ho'ia; Hor-a-pr>rio Ho-ra'ti-a Ho-ra'li-u3 Hor'ci-as Uo-ri'zon Hor-mis'da3 Hor-ra'lua Hor'ta Hor-ten'si-a Hur-ten'si-us Hui'-ti'iiuiu Hor-to'iia Ho'rus Hos-til'i-a Ho3-tiri-u3 Hun-ne-ri'cu3 Hun'ni, or Hu!i- ni'a-des Hy-a-ciu'ttii-a Hy-a-cin'tlius Hy'a-des Hy-a'^'nis Hy'a-la Hy'a-le Hy-a-me'a ily-am-pe'a Hy-arii'pn-li3 Hy-an'tlies Hy-au'tis Hy-a-pe'a Hy-ai-'bi-ta Hy-»r-bi'ta Hv'as Hvb'c-la Hy'bla Hy-bni'a3,(JrlIjb*- re-a3 Hy-bri'a-nc3 Hyc'ca-ra ily'da, and Hy'dc ilyd'a-ra Hy-diu-'nes ilv-das'pes Hj'dra lly-dra'mi-a Hyd-ra-o'tes Hyd'rc-a lly-dre'la Hy-drocli'o-M5 Hy-dro-pbo'i'-a Ily'dru3 Hy-dru'sa Hy'e-la Hy'e-le Hy-cmp'sal Hy-et'tU3 Hy-ge'a Hy-ge'i-Q Hy-gi'a-iia Hy-gi'nU3 Hy'ia Hy-lac'i-des Ily-lac'tor Hy'lffi Hy-le'a Hy-hc'U3 Hy'las liy'lax Hyl'i-as Hvl-la't-cU8 Hyl'lus lly-loii'n-me II\-lopb'a-gi Hym-L'-iueus, and Hy'inen Hy-aiel'tU3 Hy-o'pe Hy-pre'pa Hy-pie'si-a Hyp'a-ui3 Hyp-a-ri'uu3 Hyp'a-la Hy-pa'le3 Hyp'a-tha Hypa-tus lly-pe'nor Hyp-e-ra'on Hy-per'ba-tU3 Hy-pcrbi-us Hyp-ei-bu're-i PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. Hy-pc're-n, arid Hy-pe'ri-a Hyp-c-re'si-;i llyp-e-ii'a IIy-pei'i-(ic3 Hy-pc-ri'uu Hyp-e-n'ou Hyp-crm-ues'tra Hy-per'o-clms Hyp-er-ocli'i-dea Hy-piu'c'us Hypii-aii-te'ou Hyp-tf-tliL'Ija; Ilyp-o-tlie'ca; Hyp'sa Hyp-se'a Ilyp-se'la Hyp-se'iior llyp-se'us Hyp-si-cra-te'a Hyp-sic'ra-te3 Hyp-sip'y4e Hyr-Cii'tii-ii Hyr-i-a'uuiu Ma're Hyr-ca'nus Hyi-'i-a Hyr'i-e Hy-ri'e-us, and Hyr'e-us Ilyr-mi'na Hvr-nu'uc ilyr'uc-to, and Hyr'ne-tlio Ilyr-nith'i-uui Hyr'ta-cus Hys'i-a Hys'pa Hys'suSj and ITys'- si Hys-tas'pes Ilys-ti-c'us I. I'A. l-ac'c]iu3 I-a'der I-a-le'mus I-al'me-nua I-al'y-sus I-ani'l)e I-ara'Ijli-cii3 I-am'e-iiud I-am'i-tla; I-a-ni'ra I-an'tlie I-an'the-a I-an-thc'a I-a'on I-a'o-nes I-ap-e-ron'i-cIc3 I-a-pet'i-dcs I-ap-e-ti-oo'i-des I-ap'e-tus I-a'pis l-ap'o-des I-a-pyd'i-a I-a-py'pes I-a-pyg'i-u I-a'pyx I-ar'bas I-ar-bi'ta I-ar'chas, and Jar'' clias I-ar'da-uiis 1-as'i-des I-a'si-on, and I-a'- si-US I-a'sis I'a-sus I-ax-am'a-1;e I-ax'ar-tes 1-be'ri I-be'ri-a I-ber'i-cus I-be'iU3 I'bi I'bis lli'y-cu3 l-ca'n-a l-ca'ri-u3 Ic'a-rus Ic'ci-us lc'e-lo3 Ic'e-lui I-ce'ci Ic'e-tas Ich-nob'a-les Ich-nu'sa II. — Sopi'. Ich-o-nu'phis Ich-thy-oph'u-gi Ich'tbys l-cU'i-us Ic'i-ii3 l-co'ui-uiu I'cos Ic-ti'nus Ic-u-Us'iua I'd a I-dae'a I-die'ua I-da'lis, or Id'a-lis Id'a-lus Id-au-lhyr'su3 I-dar'nes I'das Id'e-a I-ile'ra I-des'sa I'd ex I-dis-ta-vi'sns Id'mon I-dom'c-ne I-dom-e-ne'us, or l-doDi'e-ueus l-do'ilie-a I-dii'e-us I-du'bc-da I-du'nie, and Id-u- me'a I-dy'a i-d/i-a I-e'tae Ig'e-ui Ig-na'ti-us Ijt-ue'tes 1-gu'vi-uui 11-a-i'ra Il'ba H-e-a'tes 11-e-ca'o-nes, and ll-e-ca-o-uea'aes I-ler'da li-er-ge'tcs Il'i-a, or Hbe'a I-li'a-ci Lu'di I-li'a-cu3 I-li'u-dcs ll'i-as U-i-ea'ses ll'i-ou I-li'o-ne 11-i-o'iic-us, or I-Ii'ti-iieua I-hs'sus I-litli-y-i'a, or 11 tliy-i-a H'i-um, or ll'i-ou il-lib'a-uus 11-lib'e-ris Il-lip'u-la ll-U-tur'gi3 ll-!>i-'i-cum, ll'ly- ri3, and ll-Iyr'i-i II-lyr'i-cu3 Si'uus II-l)r'i-u3 Il'u-a riu3 11-ur-ge'a I-lyr'^is I-raau-u-en'ti-Ua l-ma'on Im'a-us lui'ba-rus lui-brac'i-dcs 1 m- bras' i-d us Im'bra-sus Im'bre-us Im'bn-us Ini-briv'i-uiii Iin'bros Iiu'o-la lu'a-cbi I-na'clii-a l-nach'i-die I-uach'i-dcs I-ua'clu-uni In'a-chus [-nama-mes I-uar'i-me Iii'a-rii3 In-ci-ta'tus Iii-da-tUyi'sus In'di-a In-dib'i-lia Iu'di-cu3 £n-dig'e-tc3 lQ-di-ge'te3 (a people) Iii-dig'e-Li In'dus Iii-gffiv'o-m:8 In-ne'sa I'llO I-no'a I-no'pus I-no'ics I-no'u3 lu'su-bres In-su'bri-a la-ta-ine'li-uni In-ta-pher'jies lu-te-ram'iia lu-ter-ca'ti-a Ia'u-U3 I-uy'cus I'o 1-ob'a-tes, and Jo- ba'tes I'o-bes I-o-la'i-a I'o-Iag, or I-o-la'us I-oI'chos I'o-le I-o'lum Ton I-o'nc I-o'nei I-o'ni-a l-ou'i-cu3 I-o'pas I'o-pe, a«i Jop'pa I'o-plioii I-0'pl3 I'os I-o-taph'a-ta Ip'e-p;£ lpb-i-a-ua9's!i Iph'i-clus, or Ipli- i-cles I-pbic'ra-te3 Ipb-i-crat'i-dc3 Ipli-i-da-mi'a l-phid'a-mua Ipb-i-dc-mi'a Iph-i-gc-ui'a Iph-i-me-di'a l-pliiiii'e-dou Ipli-i-me-du'sa 1-phiii'o-e I-pbiu'o-u3 I'pliis I-phit'i-on Ipb'i-tiis Ipli'tbi-me Ip-se'a lp'SU3 I'ra I-ra'i3 Ir-a-plii-o'tes lr-e-ii;u'u3 I-re'uc I-re'su3 I'ris I'rus I-sa'cii3 Is'a-daa I-ste'a I-sk'us Is'a-niu3 I-san'der l-sd'pis I'sar, and Is'a-ra I'sur, and l-sse'us I-sar'chus I-sau'ri-a I-sau'ri-cu3 I-sau'rus Is-clie'ni-u Is-cUo-la'us Is-choni'a-trbe ls-chop'o-li3 Is-cby'ras Is-coin'a-cbiis Is-de-gcr'des I-se'tt I-se'pus Is'i-a I-si'a-ci I-si'a-cus Is-i-do'ru3 l'si3 Is-ma-e'Ia l&'nia-rus, and Is'- aia-ra Is-iiie'ne Is-me'ni-as Is-men'i-dcs Is-me'ims 1-soc'ra-ies Is'sa Is'ae Is-sedon Is-scd'o-nL's Is'sus Is-tcev'u-nei Is'ttr, and Is'Uus Istb'ait-a I5tli'mi-U3 latli'inua la-ti-aj'o-lia Is-to'ne Is'tri-a Is-trop'o-lis I'sua It'a-U I-ta'ii-ft I-tal'i-ca I-tari-cu3 It'a-lu3 I-tar'fjria It'e-a l-tem'a-les ItU'a-ca Ith-a-ce'si-te l-thob'a-Iu3 Z-tlio'nie Itb-o-ma'i-a lth-o-ma't:i3 I-tIiora'a-tc3 I-thu'me I-tho'mu3 I-tho'iie ItU-u-re'i Itli-y-pUal'lua I-to'ui-a I-to'nus It'o-rum It'u-na It-u-iie'a I-tu'ruiii It'y-lu9 It-y-ra^'i I'tjs I-u-le'us 1-u-li'a-cum I-U'IU3 Ix-ib'atffi Ix-i'ou Ix-i-o'ne-ns Ix-i-uu'i-dca Ja-co'bus Jad'e-ra Jam'ni-a, or Jam- il i'a Ja-uic'u-luiu Ja-nij'ca Ja'uus Ja-pet'i-dc3 Jap'e-tU3 Jar'chas Ja'sou Jaz'y-gcs Jen'i-su9 Je'ia Jer'ne Je-rc'ruu*", a7id 3c- ron'y-mu3 Je-ni'sa-Iem Je'8U3 Jo-ba'tc3 Jo-cas'ta Jop'pa Jor-da'nc3 Jor'da-iies Jor-naa'des Jo-se'pliu3, Fia'vi- us Jo-vi-a'nu Jo-vi'nu3 Ju'za Ju'ba Ju-diE'a Ju-ga'li3 Ju-gan'tc3 Ju-ga'ri-U4 Ju-^ur'tUa Ju'li-a Ju-li'a-des Ju-li-a'nu3 Ju'li-i Ju-li-o-bfj'na Ju-U-o-ina'gU3 Ju-lt-op'o-lia Ju'lis Ju'li-us Cse'sar J u'ni-a Ju'no Ju-no-na'Ii-a J u-no'nes 431 Ju-no'ni-a Ju-no'iiis Ju'pi-ter Ju'ra Jiis-ti'nu3 Jii-tur'na Ju-ve-na'lid Ju-ven'tas Ju-ver'na. or Ili- ber'ni-a L. La-an'uer La-ar'cliu3 Lab'a-ria Lab'a-rus Lab'da Lal)-dac'i-de9 Lab'(Ia-cu3 Lab'da-Iou La'be-Q La-be'ri-U3 La-be'rus Iva-bi'ci La-bi'cum La-bi'cu3 La-bi-e'nus Lab.i-ne'tU3 La-bo' bi-us La-bob'ri-gi Lab-o-ii'm La-l)o'ta3 La-bia'de-U3 La' broil La- by 'c 113 Lab-y-rm'tlius La-ca;'na Lac-e-dic'mon Lac-e-di8-mou'i- cus Lac-e-dffi-mo'ni-i, or Lac-e-dtcm'o- nes Lac-e-de-mo'ui-us La-cer'ta Lac-K-ta'ai-a Lacb'a-res La'cbes Lacli'e-sis Lac'i-das Lac'i-des La-cin'i-a La-ciu-i-en'sis La-ciu'i-uin Lac'mon La'co La-cob'ri-ga La-co'aes, pi. La-co'ni-a, and La- con'i-ca Lac'ra-tf!3 Lac'ri-nes Lac-tau'ti-us Lac'ter Lac'y-dc3 Lac'y-dcs La-cy'des Lac'y-diis La 'das La'de La'des Lad-o-ce'a La'dou La-e'a Loe'laps Lse'li-a LcE-li-a'iius Lse'li-us Lse'iia, and Le-ic'- II a Laj'uas L£c'ne-U3 Lse'pa ilag'na La-er'tes La-er-ti'a-des La-er'ti-us, Ui-oj'- e-nes Lies-try'gon Lje-stryg'o-iies Lae'ta Ljc-to'ri-a (Lv\) Lre'tus Lie'vi Lffi-vi'mig La-ga'ri-a La-ge'u3 La'gi-a Lag'i-des La-giu'i-a(iHC(i/-m) Lag-i-iii'a {in Bi- thijnia) La'guji La-gu'sa La-gy'ra La-i'a-des La'i-a3 La'is La'i-u3 Lal'a-ge La-las 'sis Lani'a-diu3 La-Dial'iiiou Lam-be'ca Laoi-bra'ni Lam'brus La'rui-a La-mi'a-cum Cci'- luni La'nii-re La'uii-as iE-li'ua La-mi'ru3 Lam'pe-do Lam-pe'ti-a (a fe- male) Lam-pe-ti'a (a cHy) Lam-pe-ti'um Lam'pe-to. and Lani-pe'do Lam'pe-tu3 Lam-pe'us, Lam- Lani'poD, Lam'pos, or Lam'pug Lam-po-ne'a, Lam-po'ui-a, and Lam-po'ui-um Lara-po']ii-u3 Lam-prid'i-us^'li- U3 Lam'pro-cles Lani'pius Lamp'sa-cus, and Lamp'aa-cliuiu Lamp-te'ri-a Lam'pus La'mus Lam'y-ra Lam'y-ro3 Lam'y-rus La-nas'sa Lau'ce-a Lan-cc'a Laii'ci-a Lan'di Laii'gi-a Lan-gi'a Lan-go-bar'di La-nu'vi-um La-o-bo'tas, or Lab'o-tas Iia-oc'o-on La-od'a-aias La-od-a-nn'a La-o-da'nii-a La-od'i-ce La-rid-i-ce'a La-od-i-ce'ne La-od'o-chus La-og'o-nus La-og'o-ras La-og'o-re La-o-me-di'a La-oin'e-don La-om-e-dou-te'iis La-om-e-dou-ti'a- La-om-e-dott-ti'a- des La-om-e-doii'ti-u3 La-oni-cus La-on'o-ine La-on-o-me'ue La-oth'o-e La'o-us Lap'a-tlius l,a-pe'thu3 Lapli'ri-a La-phy'ra La-pbys'tMim Lapid'e-i La-pid'e-u3 Lap'i-tbffi Lap-i-tba;'um Lap'i-tlio Lap'i-ilius La'ra or La-ran'da La-ren'ti-a. and Lau-reu'ti-a La'res Lar'ga Lar't^us Oc La-ri'des La-ri'oa La-ri'nuni La-ris'sa La-ria'sus La'ri-U3 Lar'iios La-ro'oi-a Lars To-luni'iii-iis Lar'li-us, I'la'vi- U9 Lai*-to-la;t'a-ni Lar'vce La-ryui'ua La-rys'i-um Las'si-a Las'sus, or La'su3 Las'tht-nea Las-the-ui'a Lat'a-gus Lat-e-ra'iiU3 Plaii'- tU3 La-te'ri-um Latb'u-ru3 La-ti-a'lis La-ti-a'ris La-ti'ni La-tiiri-u3 La-ti'uus La'ti-uiu La'ti-U8 Lat'mus La-to'bi-u3 La-tob'ri-gi La-to'i-a La-to'is Lat'o-is La-to'na La-top'o-lis Lat-o-rc'a La-to'u3 La'tre-ua La-tu'mi-Be, or La- Xo'iTii-dd Lau-da'mi-a Lau-do'ui-a Lau-fel'la Lau'ra Lau-re'a-cimi Lau-ren-ta'li-a Lau-reii'tes A'gri Lau-reii'ti-a Lau-ren-ti'ui Lau-ren'ti-u3 Lau-reu'Luiti Lau-re'o-lus Lau'ri-on, or Lau- ri'on Lau'rou La'u3 La'u3 Pom-pe'i-a Lau'sua Lau'ti-uni La-ver'na La-ver'iii-uru La-vi-a'm La-vio'i-a La-^'in'i-um, or La- vi'nuni Laz'a-ru3 Le'a-des Le-Ec'i Le-se'na Le-au'dcr Le-aii'dre Le-aii'dri-as Lc-aii'dri-ua Le-ai'cbu3 Leb-a-de'« Leb-a-di'a Leb'e-dug, or Leb'- e-(los Le-be'ua Lc-bin'thos, and Le-byii'thos Le-i'ba;'uin Lec'tum Lec'y-tliua Le'da Le-doi'a Le'dus Le'gi-o Lc'l-tU3 Le'laps Lcl'e-ges Le'lcx Le-niaa'nu3 Le-iua'mi8 Leoi'DOs Le-rao'vi-i Ll-iii o-vi'cc3 Leni'u-rc3 PROXUNCIATIOX OF GREEK AND LATIK PKOPER NAAtES. and Lc-mu'ri-a, and Lem-u-ra'U-a Le-nse'us Lea'tu-liis Le'o Le-ob'o-tes Le-o-ca'di-a Le-oclj'a-res Le-o-co'ri-on Le-oc'ra-tea Le-od'a-nias I^-otl'o-cus Le-og'o-ras Le'on Le-o'na Le-o-tiH'tiis Le-OD'i-dd Le-ou'i-das Le-on'ti-chu3 Le-ou'ti-um, Le-on-ti'ni Le-on-to-ceph'a-Ie Le-on-to-ceph'a-lus Lc-on*ioii, or Le- on-top*o-li3 Le-oii-tych'i-des Le-oph'i;-ra Le'o-phrou Le-op're-pes Le-o-preii'i-dcs Le'os Le-os'lhe-nes Le-c-tvcli 'i-dc3 Le-phvr'i-um Lep'i-da Lep'i-du3 Le-pi'nus Le-pon'li-i Le'pre-03 Le'pri-um Lep'ti-nes Lep'tis Le'ri-a Le-ri'na Ler'na Le'ro Le'ros Les-ho-ni'cns Les'bos Les-bo'iis Les'ljus, or Les'bos Les'ches Les-trvf-'o-ncs Les'u-'nv T.e-ta'num Le-tbae'us Le'tbe Le'tus Leu'ca Leu-ca'di-a I-eu-ca'«i Leu'cas Leii-ca*si-on Leu-cas'pis Leu-ca'tes Len'ce Leu'cl Leu-cip'pe Leu-ctp'pi-dcs Leu-cip'pus j Leu-co-ge'i Leu'co-la i Lcu'con ! Leu-co'ne lieu-co'oes ' Leu-con *i-cu3 ' Leu-con'o-e '■ Leu-con'o-tu« i Leu-c«->p'e-tra Leu-co-phry'ue i Ltii'co-phrys ' Leu-cop'o-lis ' Leu'cos ' Leu-co'si-a Leu-cos'y-ri Lcu-co-syr'i-i Leu-coiiiVe, Leu-co'the-a Leuc'tra I.euc'trum Leu'cus Leu-cy-a'ui-es Leu-tych'i-des Le-va'ua Le-vi'nus Lex-o'vi-j Lib'a-oae Li-ba'ni-us Lib'a-nus Lib-en-ti'i(s U'ber Lib'e-ra Lib-c-raHi-a Li-ber*tas Li-be'thra Li-betb'n-des Lib'l-ci, or Li-be' ci-i Lib-i-ti'na Who Li'bon Li-bon'o-tus Li b-o-pboe-ni'ces . Li'bri I Libs Li-bur'na Li-bur'ni-a Li-bur'ni-dcs Li-bur'uuQi Mare Li-bur'nu3 Lib'j -a Lili'y-cum Ma're Llb'y-cu', and Li- bys'tis Li'bys Li-bys'sa Lib-ys-si'nus Lic'a-les Li'cha Licb'a-des Li-cha'des Li'cbas Li'cbea Li-cin'i-a Li-cio'i-us Lic'i-nus Li-ci'inis Li-cym'ni-us Li'de Li-ga'ri-us Li-ge'a LjVer Li'ger, or Lig'e-ris Lig'o-ras Lig'u-res Li-gu'ri-a Lig-u-ri'Dii9 Li'gus Li-gus'ti-cam Ma'- re Lig>c U-^yr'gum Li-lae'a Lil-v-lKc'iim Lil'j-be Li-IB ae'a Li-mc'ni-a Li-rae*ra Lim'Dse Lim-ii:e'uni Lim-na-tid'i-a Lim-m'a-ce Lim-ni'a-de$ Lim-ni-o'tie Lini-iio'nj-a Lim-no-re'a Li'mon Li-mo'ne Li-mo'unm Li-niy'ra Lin-ca'si-i Lin'di-ns Lin'dum Lin'dii-* Lin'go-iies Lin-gou'i-cu5 Lia-ter'na Ka'lus Liu-ler'iiuiu Li'iius Li'o-dcs Lip'a-ra Lip'a-rc ]iip-a-re'us Lip'a-ri3 Lipk'Ium Lip-o-do'nis Li-queii'ii-a Lir-oE'us Li-ri'o-pe Li'ris Li-sin'i-as Lis'son Lis'«u3 Lis'ta Lit'a-brum Lit'a-na Li-tav'i-cns Li-ter'nnin Lith-o-bu'li-a Li'tbnis Li-tbu'bi-um Li-iu'bi-uru Lit-y-er'sas Liv'i-a Drr.-sfl'la Li-rii'la Liv-i-oe'i-us Liv'i-iis Idx'us Lo'bon Lo'ce-u3 Lo'cba Lo-cha'gu3 Lo'chi-as Loc'o-zu3 Lo'cri Lo'eris Lo-cus'ta I/>-cu'ti-u5 Lo-gi'um Lol'li-a Pau-Ii'na LoUli-a'nus Lol'li-us Lijn-di'num Lon-ga-re'nii3 Lon-^m'a-nus '. Lou-gi'nu3 Lou-wo-bar'di Lon-go'ne Lon'gu-k Lon-gun'tt-ca Lou'lchs Lor'tii Lor'y-nia Lo'ti3, or Lo'to3 Lo-topli'a-gi Lo'us, or A'o-us Lox'i-as Lu'a Lu'ca Lu'ca-gua Lu-ca'ui Lu-ca'ni-r\ Lu-can'i-cu3 La-ca'ni-ns Lu-ca'nus Lu-ca'ri-a, or Ln ce'ri-a Luc-ce'i-na Lu'ce-res Lu-ce'n-a Lu-ce'ri-u3 Lu-ce'ti-U5 Lu'ci-a Lu-ci-a'n)i9 Lu'ci-fer Lu-cil'i-us Lu-cUlii Lu-ci'na Lu-ci'o-lu3 Lu'ci-us Lu-cre'ti-a Lu-cret'i-lis Lu-cre'ti-iis Lu-cri'num Lu-cri'iius Luc-ta'ti-us Lu-cul'Ie-a Lu-cuili Hor'ti Lu-cullas Lu'cu-rao Lu'cus Lug-du'iiu:u Lu'na Lu'pa Lu-per'cal Lu-pt-r-ca'U-a Lu-per'ci Lu-per'cu5 Lu'pi-as, cr Lu'pi-a Lu-po-du'uuui Lu'pus Lu-si-t!t'ni-a Lu-si-ta'nus Lu-S'j'ufs Lus'tri-tu3 Lii-ta'li-D3 Lu-te'n-us Lu-te'ii-a Lu-to'ri-us Ly-a:'u3 Ly'bas Ly-bo'tus Lyb'y-a,or L}-bis'- sa Lvc'a-bas Lyc-a-be'tus L>-c.e'a Ly-Keum Ly-cte'us Ly-cam'bes Lyc-ani-beus Ly-ca'oa Lyr-a-o'ni-a Ly-ca'u-ues Ly'cis Ly-cas'te Ly-cas'tuni Ly-cas'tu3 Ly'ce Lyc'e-as Lj'cea Ly-ce'um Ly-ce'u3 Lycb-ni'des Lych-ni'dm Lyc'i-a Lyc'i-das Ly-cim'nn Ly-cim'ui-a Ly-cis'cu^ Ly-ci'Qs {fipitA ) Lyc'i-ns, adj. Lyc'o-a Lyc-o-mc'de3 Ly'coa Ly-co*ne Ly-co'pes Lyc'ophroa Ly-cop'o-lis Ly-co'pus Lyc-o-re'a Lyc-o-re'us Ly-co'ri-as Ly-co'ris Lr-cor'mas Ly-cor'tas Ly-co3'the-nc Lyc-o-su'ra Ly-co'las Lyc-o-ze'a Lyc'Uis Ly-cur'gi-d' s Lyc-ur-Ki'dcs Ly-cur'gU3 Ly'cus Ly'de Lyd'i-a Lyd'i-as Lyd'i-U3 Ly'dus Lyg'da-mis, cr Lyg'da-mu9 Lyg'i-i Lyg-o-desroa Ly'gus Ly-mi're Ljm'i-re Ly'max Lya-ces'tffi Lyn-ces'tes Lyn-ces*ii-uB Lyu'cens LyD-ci'des Lyn'cus, Lyn cae'- U9, or Lynx Lyr'ca? Lyr-cffi'u3 Lyr-cc'a Lyr-ci'us Lyr'cus Lyr'i-ce Lyr-nes'sus Lyr'o-pe Ly-sau'dcr Ly-san*dra Ly-sa'ni-as Ly'se Ly-si'a-des Lys-i-a-na&'sa Ly-9i'a-na\ Lys'i-as Lys'i-clc3 Ly-sid'i-ce Ly-sira'a-chc Lys-i-nia'chi-a Ly-sim-a-cbi'a Lys-i-macb'i-des Ly-sim'u-cbua Lya-i-me'li-a Lys-i-nie-li'a Ly-sin'o-e Ly-sip'pc Ly-sip'pU3 Ly'sis Ly-sis'tra-tna Lvs-i-llii'des Ly-sith'o-us Ly'so Lys'ira Ly-tae'u Lyx-e'a Ly-za'iu-as M. Ma'CjE Ma'car Mac-a-re'is Ma-ca're-us Ma-ca'ri-a Mac'a-ris Mac'a-rOD Ma-car'ta-tu3 Ma-ced'nus Mac'e-do Mac-e-do'ni-a Mac-e-dou'i-cu3 Ma-cel'ia Ma'cer ^-myl'i-us Ma-ce'ris Mac'e-ls Ma-cliot'ra Ma-cliag'e-Jii Ma-cliau'i-das Ma-clia'on Ma-cha'o-nes Ma-clie'rus Ma* era Ma-ch-a'nua Ma-cri'nu3 Mac'ri-tii3 Ma'cro Ma-cro'bi-i Ma-cro'bi-us Mac'ro-cliir Ma-cro'iies Mac-ron-ti'cbus Mac-rop-o-go'uea Mac-ry-ne'a Mac-to'ri-um Mac-u-lo'uu3 Ma-d;iu'ra Ma-des'ies Ma-de'tes Ma-dre'ni Mad-u-at'e-ni Ma'dy-es Mffi-au'der Mie-an-dri-a Mffi-ie'Das Mie'di Mse-doli-i-tby'ni Mae'b-113 Mjcm-ac-tc'ri-a Ma;n'a-de3 Msu'a-la WiEn'a-lu5 Mffi'm-U3 Man-o-bo'ra Mte-nom'e-na Mje'uon Mse'iius Mffi-o'ui-a Mse'o-nes - Mje-oii'i-dre IJae-ou'i-des Mffi'o-nis M^-o'ta; M{E-0t'i-CU3 MtE-ot'i-des Mffi-o'lis Pu'lus Mie'si-a Syl'va Mse-so'U Mat'o-w* Ma*u-a Mffi'vi-us Ma'gas Mag-do'lus Ma-gel'ia Mag'e-tec Ma'gi Ma*-.-.i Ma'gi-us Mag'na Gne'ci-a Mag-nen'ti-iis Mag'nes Mag-ne'si-a Mag-ne'tes Ma'gu Ma'goii Mag-ou-ti'a-cum Ma'gua Ma-berOial Ma'i-a Mai-u'ma Mai'a-mas Ma-jes'tas Ma-jor*ca Ma-jo- ri-a'im3 Mak'a-reus Mal'a-ca, or Mal'.!- cba Mai-ach-belos Ma'la For-tu'na Mal'clii-on Md-le'a, or Ma1e-a Ma-lc'ba Ma-le'o3 432 Mal-e-Teii'tum Mal'ho, or Ma'tho Ma'li-a Ma'li-i Ma'Iis Mal'le-a, or Mai'- li-a Mal'li-ns Mal-lopb'o-ra Mal-io-pbo'ra Mal'los Ma-Io'des Mal'tlii-nus Mal-thi'nus Ma-lu'ca Mal-va'na Ma-ma'uj Ma-mer'cus Ma-mer'tbes Mam-er-ti'na Mam-er-ti'ni Mani-er-ti'nn3 Ma-mil'i-a (Lex) Ma-inii'i-i Ma-miri-u<> Mam-miE'a Mam-rae'a Mam-mo'DUS Ma-mu-ri-a'DU5 Ma-niu'ri-us Ma-mur'ra Ma-uae'thon Ma-nas'ta-bal Man-ci'nus Man-di'ne Man-da'iies Man-de'li Mau-do'ni-us Man'dro-cles Man-droc'li-daa Mao'droii Man-du'tii-i Man-du-bra'ti-U3 Man-du'ri-a Man'e-ros Ma'nes Man'e-tbo Ma-ne'tlio Ma'nt-a Ma-nil'i-a fLei) Ma-iiil'i-us Man'i-mi Maii'ii-a (Lex) Man'li-us Tor-qua'- tus Maa'oQS Man-5ue'tu3 Man-te'uni Man-ti-ne'u Man-ti-ne'ua Man'ti-us Man'to Man'tu-a Mar-a-can'dn Mar'a-tlia Mar'a-tlioji Mar'a-thos Mar'u-ttius Mar-cel'la Mar-cel-li'nus Am- mi-a'ims Mar-cel'lus Mar'ci-a Mar-ci-a'na Mar-ci-a-no](Vlis Mar-ci-a'nus Mar'ci-on Mar-ci'ti Mar'ci-us Sa-bi'- DUS Mar-com'a-ni Mar- co-ma ti'iii Mar-coDi'e-reg Mar'cus Mar'di Mar'di-a Mar'do-uc^ Mar-do'ui-ri3 MaKdus Sfa're-a, or Ua-re- o'tis Ma-re-ot'i-cua Mar-ga-ri'la Mar-gin'i-a, and Mar-gi-a'iii-a Mar-^i'tes Ma'n-a (Lex) Ma-ri'a-ba Ma-ri-aai'ne Ma-ri-a'na; FosVa Ma-n-an-dy'ni M a-ri-a n-dy 'nam Ma-ri-a'nufi Ma-ri'ci Ma-ri'ci Mar'i-cn? Ma-ri'ua Ma-ri'uus Ma'ri-ou Ma'ri3 Ma-ris'sa Mar'i-3Q9 Mar-ri'ta (Lex) Ma-rit*i-ma Ma'ri-us Mar'nia-cus Mar-ma-reu'ses Mar-mar'i-ca Mar-njar'i-dic Mar-ma'ri-oii Ma'ro Mar-o-bu'dn-i Ma'ron Mar-o-ne'a Mar-pe'si-a Mar-pes'sa Mar-pe'sus Mar' res Mar-ru'bi-i Mar-ru-ci'oi Mar-ru'ri-um, ui Mar-ru'bi-uni )Iar& Mar-9S'us Mar'sa-la Mar'se Mar'ai Mar-aig'ni Mars'pi-ter Mar-5)'a-ba Mar'sy-ag Mar'tha Mar'li-a Mar-ti-a'lis Mar-ti-a'nu3 Mar-lig'e-na Mar-ti'oa Mar-tin-i-a'nus Mar'(i-n9 Ma-ml'lus Mas-BB-syl'i-i Ma»-ce'zel Mas'cli-on Mas-i-gi'ton Mas-i-uis'sa Mas'sa Mas'sa-ga Mas-sag 'e-tse Mas-sa'oa Btas-sa'ui Mas'si-cU3 Mas-sil'i-a Mas-sy'la Mas-sy'ii Mas-syl'i-a Mas-syl'i-us Mas-tram 'e- la Ma-su'ri-iis Ma-tlii'on Ma'tho Ma-ti-e'ni Ma-ti'uus Ma-tis'co Ma-tni'Ji-a Ma'tre-as Mat'ro-na (a rieol Ma-tro'na Mat-ro-ua'li-a Mat-ti'a-ci Ma-tu'ce-ta Ma-tu'ta &lat-u-ti'nii3 Mau'ri Mau'ri-cus &laa-ri-ta'ni-a Mau'rus Mau-ru'6i-a Mau-ru'si-i Maa-so-Ie'iua Maa-so'li Mau-soloa Ma'Tors Ma-vor'li-a M ax-en 'ti- us Max-e'rae Max-i-mil-i-a'ca Max-iin-i-a'nus Max-i-mi'ous Max'i-mus Maz'a-ca Maz'a-ces Ma-za'ces Ma-zs'os Ma-za'res PKONUNCIATION OF GKEEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES, Maz'a-res Miiz'e-ras Ma-zi'ces, and Ma- zv'ges Me'a-rus Me-c:e'na3, or Mc- coe'nas Mee-oe-na'tes (pi.) Me-clia'ne-us Me-cis'te-us Mec'ri-da Me-de'a Me'deym Me-iles-i-cas'te Me'(]i-a Me'di-as Meil'i-cu5 Me-di-Q-la'nuia Me-di'o-lum M<'-di-o-ma-tri*ces, or Me-ili-o-nia- tri'ci Me'di-on Me-di-ox'u-mi Med-Utri'Da Me-do'a-cu9,orMe- du'a-cus Med-o-bith'5-ni Me-dob'ri-ga Me'don Me-doii'ti-as Me-du'res Med-u-a'na Med'u-li Me-dul'Ii-a Med-ul-li'na Me'dus Me-du'sa Me-gal)'i./,i Meg-a-by'si Meg-a-by'zus Meg'a-cles Me-gac'li-dcs M e-gse'ra Me-ga'le Me-ga'le-ns Meg-a-le'si-a Me-ga'll-a Meg-a-lop'o-Iis Meg-a-me'de Meg-a-iii'ra Mfg-a-pea'ilics Meii'a-ra Meg'a-reus, or Mu- ga're-us Meg-a-re'us, (bij Meg'a-ris Me-gar'sus Me-gas'tlie-ncs Meg-a-ti'cliu3 M e'ges Me-gil'Ia Me-gis'ta Me-gis'ti-a Me-gis'ti-as Me-lse'DEe Mel-ani-pe'a Me-Iarii'ima Mel-aiu-py'ges Mel-am-py'gus Me'la foni-pt/iii- U9 Mel-an-cliffi'tcs Mel-au-cliiffi'ni Me-lan'cliru3 Mera-ue MeKa-nes Mel'a-neus M(.'-la'iie-U3 Me-la'ni-a Me-laii'i-da Me-la'ui-ou Mel-a-iiip'pe Mel-a-nip'pi-dc8 Mel-a-nip'pus Mel-a-no'pu3 Mel-a-nns'_v-ri Mel-au'tlii-i Me-Iau'tlii-oii Me-Ian'tlii-U3 Me-Ian'llio Me-Ian'tbu8 Mtj'la3 Mel-com'jt-ni Me-ie-a'ger Me-Ie'a-ger Me-le-ag'rJ-dc3 Mel-e-san'der Me'les Mel'e-se Mel-e-9ig'e-iio6, or Mcl-e-sig'c-iia Mel'e-te Mc'li-a Me-lib'o-cu3 Mel-i-b(r'a Mel-i-bce'us Mel-i-cer'ta Mel'i-clms Me'Ii-e Mel-i-gu'nia Me-li'na Mel'i-mis Me-h'sa Mel'i-se Me-lis'sa Me-bs'sus Mel'i-ta.or Mcl'i-tc Mel-i-te'na Mel-i-te'iic Mfl'i-to Mel'i-tus Me'ii-U3 Mel-ix-an'drus Met'la Aii-nae'ii3 Me-lob'o-sis Me'Iou Me'Ios Mel'pi-a Mel-pom'e-no Me-niac'e-ni Mem'mi-a Sul-pit'- i-a Mem'mi-us Mem'noii Mem'no-nes Mem-no-ni'um Meni-no'ni-U3 Mem'phis Mera-phi'tes Mem-plii'tia Me'iis, or Me'nes Me-iial'cas Me-nal'ci-das Men-a-lip'pe Meii-a-Hp'[iU3 Me-nan'der Men-an-dre'ii3 Men'a-pi Mc-iia'pi-i Meii'a-pis Me'nas Meti-che'rcs Mcn'dcs Me-ne'clis Men-e-cb'dcs Men-e-co'luii Me-nec'ia-tes Men-e-de'mu3 Me-neg'e-tas Mtii-e-Ia'i-a Men-e-la-i'a Mcn-c-la'tis Mc-iie'ni-us A- grip'pa; Men p-phroil Me'iiLS Men-es-lhe'i Fur'- tiis Me-iies'the-iis, Mues'tlie-us, or Me-nes'te-us Me-ries'thi-us Men'e-fas Me-iiip'pa Me-nip'pi-[lcs Mc-nip'pii3 Me'iii-us Meii'nis Mc-U0(I'i)-tU3 Mc-iice'ce-us Me-iioe'tes Men-cc-ti'a-des Me-noe'ti-us Me'tinn Me-nopli'i-Iiis Meii'ti, or ilili'tltt: Mea'tes Mun-tis'sa Meu'to Meu'tor Meu'to-ics Me-nyl'lus Me-pbi'tis Me'ra Me'ra, or Mcc'ra Mer-ce-di'rius Mer-cu'ri-us Me-ri'o-nes Mer'nie-ros Mer'nie-ru5 Merm'na-dic Mer'mo-das Mer'o-c Mei'o-pe Mcr'o-pis Me'rops Me'ros Mer'u-Ia Cor-nc'li- us Me-sab'a-les Me-sa'bi-us Me-sa'pi-a Me-saii'bi^us Me-8cni'bri-a Me-se'iie Mea'o-a Me-sob'o-a Mes-o-me'des Mes-o-po-la'mi-a Me3-sal!'a-tEe Mes-sii'la Mcs-sa-Ii'naVa-Ic'- ri-a Mes-sa-Ii'nus, M Va-Ie'ri-us Mes-sa'iia Mes-sa'pi-a Mes-sa'pus Mes'sa-lis Mes'sc Mes-se'is Mes-se'ne, or 31e3- sc'iia Mes-se'iii-a Me*-so'gis Mfs'tor Me-su'l;i Met'a-bu3 Met-a-git'iii-a Mel'a-gou Met-a-mor-pho'sia Met-a-Di'r-i Met-a-poii-Li'iii Met-n-pon'tiini Met-a-pon'tU3 Me-tau'ru3 Me-te'lis .Me-tel'ia Me-tel'li Me-temp-sy-cho'ei? Met-e-re'a Metb'a-im Me-thnr'ma Me-tlii'on Me-tho'di-UB Mc-tho'ni! Meth'o-ra Me-tbyd'ii-uni Me-tbym'na Me-ti-a-du'sa Me-tdi-a (Lexj Me-lil'i-i Me-li'bs Me-til'i-U3 Me-ti'o-cliu3 Me'ii-on Me'tis Me-iis'cus Me'ti-U9 Mt-tce'ci-a Me' ton Met'o-pe Me-to'pe Met'o-ie3 Me'tra Met-ra-gyi'tc ML*-tro'a Me-ti-o'bi-u3 MeL'ro-cIcs Met-ro-do'rna Me-tropb'a-nes Me-trf.p'o-lia MeL'ti-U9 Mei/tus Cur'ti-us Me-tu'luin Me-va'ni-a Me'vi-us Me-2cn'li-u3 Mi-a-co'iU9 MiL'-co-tm'gus Mi-ce'a Mi-ce']ai Mi-cip'8a Mic'i-r,e Mi-cy'tbu3 Mid-a-i'ou Mi'dag Mid'c-a Mid-c'a Mi'c-za Mi-bi'ni-oii Mi-le'aj-i Mi-le'si-us Mi-Ie'ti-a Mi-le'ti-uiit Mi-le'ius Mil'i-as Mil'i-cbus Mi-U'nus Mil-i-o'ui-a Mil-iz-i-ge'ri3 Mi'lo Mi-lo'ni-us Mil-li'a-dcs Mil'to Mil'vi-ii3 Mil'y-as Mi-mario-ncs Mi'nia3 Mim-ne'diis Mini-iier'iiui3 ^tin'ci-lls Min'da-ru3 Mi-ne'i-des Mi-iier'va Miii-er-va'li-a Miii'i-o Min-nse'i Mi-no'a Mi-iio'i3 Mi'nos Min-o-tau'rus Miii'tbe Min-tiir'na; Mi-nu'ti-a Mi-nu'Ii-us Au-gu ri'iius Miiry-ic -Min'y-as Miii'y-cu3 Mi-ny'i-a Miii'y-tus Mir'a-ces Mis'ce-ra Mi-se'nuni Mi-se'nu3 Mig-ge'le3 Mi-sitli'e-us MiLli-ra-ceii'tiL's Mitb-ra-Ja'tCd Mi'thras Mi-thre'nes Mith-ri-da'les Mitb-i'i-dii'tis Mit!i-ro-li;ir--£a'uC3 Mit-y-Ic'rie Mit-y-le'naj Mi'tya Mi-ZEc'i Miia-sal'ces Mna'se-a^ Mnas'i-cles Mtia-sip'pi-das Mria-sip'pii3 Mna-3itb'e-U8 Mna'son Mna-sy'lii3 Mna-syr'i-uni Mnc-Qii'um Mne'mnn Mne-mns'y-ne Mue-sar flms Miies-i-bu'lu8 Mue-sid'a-iinis Mncs-i-ila'niU3, 01 Mnes-i-dc'niaa Mnes-i-la'iis Mne-sim'a-clic Mne-sim'a-clius Mne-3ith'(j-ii3 Mnes'ter Mtieg'tbe-U3 Mnes'ti-a Mnea'tra Mne'vis M(i-a-plier'nca Mo-cor'e-tffl Mo-des'tus Mo'di-a Mod'o-nus Ma''ci-a Mcc'mia Mce'di Mcc'on Mte-on'i-dcs Mcc'ra Mcc-riig'c-tes Moe'ns Mtc'si-a Mo-gun'ti-a Mo-gy'ni Mo-lt;'i-a Mo-li'a Mo-li'oii Mo-li'o-iii; Mo'lo Mo-lce'is Mo-lor'chus Mo-los'si Mo-los'si-a, or Mo- los'sis Mo-lo3'sii3 Mul-pa'di-a Mol'pus Mo'lus Mol-y.cre'um Mo-lyc'ri-a Mo-lyc'ii-ou Mo-ly'ru9 Mo-meiii'pliis Mo'mus Mo'ua Moa'a-cbi Mon-a-clii'um Mo-na;'3u3 Mo-ue'se3 Mo-iic'sus Mo-ue'ta Moii'i-ca Mou'i-ma Moii'i-niu3 Mon-o-dac'ty-lus Mou'o-dus Mo-noc'c«3 Mo-no'le-iis Mou'o-niU3 Ho-noph'a-^'B Mo-nopb'i-lu3 Mo-iiu9'ce-li Mo-iio-tbe-li'lee Mon-ta'tiu3 Mon'y-clms Mon'y-iiius Mo'pliis Mop'si-um Mop-so'pi-a Mop'so-pus Mop-su-es'u-a Mop's us Mor-gaii'ti-uni Mur-ge'tc-3 Mor-i-me'ne Mur'i-ni Mor-i-tas'gu3 Mo'ri-U3 Mor'|jhc-ii3 Mors Mo'rys Mo'sa Mos'cli;! Mos'cbi Mos'ebi-oii Mo3-ebo-pu'Iu3 Mus'cbus Mo-sel'la Mo'ses Mo-syclinn3 Mos-y-iiEc'ci Mo-sy'ni Mo-tho'nu Mo-ti-e'iii Mo-ty'a Mo'y-ses Mu-ci-a'iius Mu'ci-us M H'crse Mul'ci-ber Mu-Iu'clia Mul'vi-U3 Pons Mmn'nii-us Mu-na'li-;is Muii'da Mu-ni'Lus Mu-iiycb'i-a Mu-nych'i-x- Mu-ije'na Mur'cu3 Mu-re'tus Mur-gaa'ii-a Mur-ra'nus Mur-rbe'DU3 Mur'Li-a Mus Mu'sa Au-to'ni-us Mu'sfe Mu-sae'iis Mu-sag'c-tc3 Mu-3e'a Ma-ae'um Mii-so'iii-u3 Kii'- tll3 Mus-te'la Mu'ta Mu-tbul'lus Mu'ii-a Mti-ti'ca Mu-til'i-a Mu'ti-iia Mu-li'na Mii-ti'nes Mu-ti'nu9 Mu'ti-U3 Mu-tu'nus Mii-tus'cfe Muize'ris My-a'gnis, or My'- o-des Myc'a-lc Myc-a-les'sua My-ce'nfi; Myc-e-ri'nu3 Myc-i -ber'iiu Myc'i-thus My 'con Myc'o-ne, or Myc'- o-nos My'dori My-ec'plio ris My-e'nus Myg'a-le Myg'doa Myg'do-nc3 Myg-do'uUa Myg'do-nus Myg-do'nus My-i'a-gru9 My-Ias'sa My'le, or My'las Mv'les My-lit'ta Myn'do-nc3 Myn'dii3 My 'lies Myn'i-a; My'o-nes My-o-ne'sua My-o'ni-a My'j-a Myr'a-ces Myr'ge-tce My-ri'ca My-ri'cc My-ri'cus My-vi'na My-ri'nu3 {Epilh. O/Jpoll.') Myr'i-nus {a mnu) Myr'ioe Myr-i-oii'y-ma Mvi--le'a Myr-niec'j-des Myr-Tni:'ci-iirn Myr-tnid'o-nes My'ron My-ro-iii-a'iui3 My-ron'i-des My-ro'nu3 Myr'rlia Myr'rbi-nu3 Myr'si-Iu3 Myr'si-nus Myr'sU3 Myr'la-le Myr'te-a Myr'ti-lus Myr'tis Myr-to'uiu Ma're Myr-tuii'ti-um Myr-tu'sa My-scel'lus Mys'i-a My-so-ma-Ctd'o- iies My'? on Mys'tea Mytb'c-ciis Myt-i-Ie'uii My'iis N. NAB-AR-Zi'Ni;S i\ab-a-tbie'a Nab'a-tliea Na'bia Nac'o-le Nac'o-ne Na-dag'a-ra Nffi'iii-a Nie'vi-a Nie'i'i-us Krev'o-lus Na-ge'ri Na-bar'va-li Na-i'a-de3 Nai'a-des Na'i-as Na'i-cU9 Na'is Na-is'su8, or Nc3'- 8U3 Nam-ne'tes Na-pEe'(B Na-pe'ffl Na-pa'ta Na-p<;'gU3 Napli'i-lu8 Nai- Nar'bo Nar-l)o'iia Nar-bo-nen'sis Nar-cie'ua Nar-ce'a Nai'-cis'sii'* Nar'ga-ra Na-ns'ci Nar'iii-a, or Nnr'iia Nar'scs Nar-tlie'cis Na-ryc'i-a Nas'a-mon Nas-a-mo'nfis Nas'cUo, or Na'ti-o Na-si'ca Na-sid-i-e'nu3 Na-sid'i-us Na'30 Nas'sus, or Na'siis Nas'u-a Na-ta'b-a Na-ta'lis Nafta Nau'bo-lus Nau'cles Nau'cra-tes Nau'cra-ti3 Nau-cy'des Nau'lo-rhu3 Nau-pac'tus. or Nau-pac'tuiii Nau'pli-a Naii-pli'a-dca Nau'pli-us Nan-por'tus Nau'ra Nau-sic'a-a Nau-sic'a-c Nau'si-cles Naiwini'e-nca Nau-si-ni'cu3 Nau-sitb'o-e Nau-sitb'o-U9 Nau'tea Na'va Navi-U3 Ac'ti-us N ax 'lis Ne-ie'ra Ne-ffi'cbus Ne-:il'ces Ne-al'i-ces Ne-aii-dn'a Ne-aii'tbe3 Ne-ap'a-plius N'e-ap'o-li3 Ne-ar'clius Ne-bio'iles Nc-bropli'i»-ni>3 Ne-liropli'u-nus Neb'u-la N'e'cboa Ne-prop'o-Ii3 Nec-ta-iie'bU9, aiij Nec-tan'a-bis Nec-ti-be'ies Ne-cys'i-u Ne'i3 Ne-i'tae Ne'!e-us Nc-ii'des Nc'lij Ne-m^'a {ffamen) Ne-me'a. or tic'- nic-a {loiim) Ne-me-si-a'nu8 Kem'e-sis Ne-mcsi-us Nem'e-tes Ne-nje'u3 Ncm-o-ra'li-a Ne-mos'9U3 Nc-o-bu'lc Ne-o-('ic3-»-re'a Nt-ocli'a-bis Ne'o-Ples Ne-o-cb'de3 Ne-o-co'ius Ke-og'e-ncs Ne-oin'n-gus Ne-o-mc'm-a Ne-om'o-vj3 Ne'oii PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. Ke-on-ti'chos Ifi-cos'ti-a-tus Nu'me-nes 0-des*su3 Ol-niu'iies O-jiuu'U-a Or'lbi-a Ne-on-ii'clius Kic-o-te'le-a Ku-me'ni-a, or Nc- 0-de'um 01-(Kpliyx'u5 0'pU3 Or-tbo'sia Kc'o-phron Nic-o-te-le'a o-nie'iii-u 0-di'nus Oi'o-rus O'ra Or'tbrns Jfe-op-tore-mus Ki-cot'e-Ies Xii-me'iii-us 0-di'tes OUym-pe'iic 0-rac'u-lum Or-to'na KeVris Ni'ger Ku-me'ri-a 0-do'a-ccr O-lyni'pe-uiu O-rae'a Or-tyg'i-a ^e-o'llie-Q3 Ni-^d'i-us Tig'u- Ku-nie-ri-a'niis Od-o-a'ccr lym'pi-a Or'a-sus Or-tyg'i-us Ke'pe lus Nu-me'ri-us 0-do'ca Ol-yni-pi'a-dea Or-!ie'Iu3 O'nis ^ep'e-te Ki-gre'tes Ku-mic'i-u3 Od-o-man'ti 0-lym'pi-as Or-bil'i-ns 0-ry-au'der Ne-pha'li-a Kepii'e-ie, Kcpb-e- Ni-2ri'tae Ku-mi'cus Od'o-nes 0-Iyra'pi-cus Or-bo'na 0-rv'u9 Ni-iamon Nu 'mi-da Od'rv-sje 0-Iym-pi-e'uni Or'ca-des O'ryx le'is Nil'e-us Nu'mi-diE O-dys'sc-a 0-lym-pi-o-do'rus Or-cba'lia 0-s«'ces Neph-e-ri'lcs Ki-li'a-c«s Nu-mid'i-a Od-ys-se'a O-lym-pi-ft-ni'cea Or'cba-nms Os-cho-pho'ri-a Kc'plms Ni-lo'tis Nu-niid'i-us Od-ys-?e'um 0-lyni'pi-u3 Or-cliis-te'DC Os'ci Ne'pi-a Xi'lus Nu-niis'tro a£-na'a-rus, and 0-iyni'pus Or-cbom'e-uos Os'ci-«3 Ne'pos >in'i-ve Ku'ini-tor (Ea-ger Ol-ym-pu'sa Or-clioni'e-nus, or Os'cus >fe-po-ti-a'nu8 Niii'i-as Nu-nii-to'ri-n9 (E'a-gnis 0-!vn'thus Or-cbom'e-nun» O'si Kep'thys Mn'iii-us ^■^-nlo'ni-us (E-an'tbffi. and Qi- O-fy'ras Or-ci'uus O-sio'i-ns Nep-tu'ni-a Kin'o-e Nun-co're-us ao 'tbi-a O-ly'zon Or'cus 0-si'ris Kep-tii-niiie Ni'nus Kun'di-na CE-au-tbe'tt 0-ma'ri-us Or-cvD'i-a O-sis'mi-i Nep-tu'ni-uiii Kin'y-us Nur'sie a: 'ax Om'bi Or-des'sus Os'pba-gus Nep-tu'ni-iis MVbe Nur'sci-a CH-bi'H-a Om'bri Or-do-vi'ccs Os-rbo-e'ne Kep-tu'nus Ni-plia?'ii3 Kur'si-a (Eb'a-lus Om'bri-ci O-re'a-de Os'sa Ke-re'i-des Ki-pba*tes Nu'tri-a (Eb'a-re3 Om'bri -OS O're-as Os-te-o'des Ke-re'is, or Ke're- Ni'phe Nvcte'is CE-bo'tas Om-bro'nea 're-OS Os'ii-a is ^'i^'e-us Nvc-te'li-a (E-cba'li-a Oni'o-le Or-e-sit'ro-plius Os-ti-c.'nes Ne-re'i-us Ni'sa Xyc-te'li-u a*ycle-ns Om-o-plia'gi-a O-res'tte Os-to'ri-us Ne're-ns ^i-ssB'a Kjc'te-U5 (E-cii'des Om'pba-ce 0-res'tes Os-lra-ci'ne Ke-ri-e'ne Ki-sse'e Nyc*ti-las (Ec-u-me'ni-a3 Ompba-Ie 0-res'le-nra Os-trog'o-thi Nf-ri'ne Ki-se'i-a Kyc-tim'e-ne (Ed-i-po'di-a Om'pba-los Or-es-ti'dsE Os-y-nian'dy-as Ner'i-plius Nis'i-bis Nyc'Li-miis (Ed-i-po-di'oii i,)ni'phi9 Or-es-ti'des. and Ot'i-ces Ke-ri'tie Ki-sVpe Nym-bffi'UDi (Ed'i-pus O-nte'uni, or 0-a;'- O-res'ti-des Ot-a-cil'i-«s Ner'i-t'S Ni'Bus Nyni'pbfE CE'me ne-um Or-es-tii'la 0-ta'nes Ne'ri-u? Ni-sy'ros Nym-pliffi'ura (E-nan'tlies On'a-ger Or'e-tie Otb'nia-rus Kc'ro Ni-sv'rus Xym-pbse'iis (E'ne 0-na'rii3 Or-e-ta'ni O'lbo M. Sftl'vi-iiB Ise-ro'ni-a Ni-te'tis Kym-pbid'i-us Gil'ue-a O-nas'i-nms Or-e-td'i-a 0-thro'nu3 IVer-io-brig'i-a N it-i-ob'ri-ges Nym'pbis d-ue-u'iie 0-ua'ias O-re'uni 0-tbry'a-des Ner'u-lum Ni-to'cris Nym-pho-do'nis (E'ne-us On-ce'uni O're-us Otli-ry-o'ne-us Ker'va Coc-cc'i-us Nit'ri-a Nym-pho-lep'te? CE-ui'des Ou-cUes'tns Or'ga, or Or'gas O'lhrys Ner'vi-i Ki-va'ri-a Nym-pliom'n-nes tEn'o-e Ou'cbo-e Or'ga-iia O-thryg'i-TiB Ne-sae'a No'as Nym'pbon Nyp'si-us (E-nom'a-us O-ne'i-on Or-ges'sum O'tre-us Ke-si'des >'oc'nioTi (E'non On-e-sic*ri-lus Or-get'o-rix 0-tra'da Ne-sim'a-rhus Xoc-ti-hi'ca N'y'sa, or Nvs'sa (E-no'na O-nes'i-iBus Or'gi-a Ot-n-n-ti'des Nc-pi-o'pe No-di'uHS Ny-sie'us GL-no'ne On-e-sip'piis O-rib'a-sus Ot-to-roc'o-ric ^e'sis No-e'mon Ny'sas (E-no'pi-a 0-ne'si-u3 Or'i-cos O'tus Ke-so'pe Xo'la Xy-se'i-ura O^-nop'i-des On-e-tor'i-des Or'i-cum, or Or'i- Otys Kes'pe-tes No-Ia'nu3 Ny-se'um Qi-no'pi-OD O'ni-um CU3 U-vid'i-us Kes-so'uis Nom'a-des Ny-si'a-des CE-no'tri O-Di'on O'ri-ens 0-vin'i-a (Lex) Nes'sus Xo'oiEe Nys'i-Ee Por'tie CE-no'tri-a 0-iii'iini Or'i-gen O-vin'i-us ^■es'tu-cles Nom-in-ta'ims Nys'i-as CE-no'tnis On'o-ba O-rig'e-iies Ox-ar'tes, and Oi.'- Kes'tor Ao-meu'lum Ny-sig'e-na Ql-tiu'sffi On-o-clio'nns 0-ri'go a-tres Kes-tor'i-des No'nii-i Ny-si'ros (E'o-nus Ou-o-Diac'ri-Uis 0-n'ne Ox-a'tlires Ncs-to'ri-iis No-nu'on Xys'i-us CEr'o-e On-o-niar'clins 0-n' 11113 Ov-i'ie Nes'tus, or Kes'sus No'nii-us Njs'sa (E-sy'me On-o-mas-tor'i-des O-ri-ob'a-tcs Ox-id *a-tes Ne'tum Ko-niopb'y-lax CE'ta On-o-ma^'tus O-ri'on Ox'i-mes Kc'u-ri No-niotli'e-tic (Et'y-lns, or CEi'y- OD'o-pbas, or On'o- O-ris'sns Ox-i'o-nae Ki-cie'a Kon-a-cri'nus 0. lum pbis Or-i-sul'la Li\'i-a Ox '05 I\i-c8en'e-fns Non'a-cris 0-fel'lus On-o-san'der O-n'tae Ox-y'a-res Ki-cag'o-ra? No-na'cris O'fi 0-nu2'na-tbus O-ritli'i-as Ox-y-ca'nns Ki-can'der No'ni-us 0-a'rt-on Og-dol'a-pis 0-uy^tlies O-rith-y-r'H Ox-yd'ra-cse Ki-ca'nor Kon'ni-xis 0-ar'ses Og-do'rus 0-pa'b-a Or-i-tby'os Ox'y-luB Ni-car'clius Kon'nus O'a-rus Og'e-nos O-pel'i-cus O-rit'i-as Ox-y-lie'n Ni-car'e-te No'iins O'a-ses 0-glo'sa O-plie'as O-ri-im'dus Ox-y-o'pnra Niu-ar-tbi'dci! >'o'pi-a, or Ci-no'- O'a-sis 0^'mi-Ui 0-phe'las 0-n'U3 Ox-yn*thes Ki-ca'tor pi-a 0-ax'es Og'o-a 0-phel*tes Or'me-nos Ox-yp'o-rns Ki-cat'o-ris No'ra 0-ax'us 0-go'a 0-pbeu'sis Or'me-nu Ov-y-ryn-cbi'tffi Ni'ce No'rax Ob'o-da O-gul'iii-a O'pbi-a Or'ne-a Oi-y-ryii'cbus Nic'e-a Nor'Ija Ob'ri-mo Og'y-gc8 0-pbi'a-des Or'De-ffi O-zi'dcs Nic-e-plio'ri-um Nor- ba' mis Ob'se-quetis 0-gyg'i-a O'phi-as 0r'ne-u3 Oz'o-lae, or Oz'o-li Nic-e-piio'ri-us Ni-cepVo-rus Ko-iic'i-i 01)-u!-tro'iii-us 0-gyg'i-die U-phi-o'des Or-ne'as Kor'i-cum 0-ca'Je-H, or O-ca- Og'y-ris 0-phi-Dg'e-iits Or-ni'tbon Ki'cer Nor-tbip'pus li-a 0-ic'le-u3 0-pliion Or'ni-tU3 P. Ki-cer'a-tus Nor'ti-a 0-ce'a-na 0-de-ns O-pbi'o-iies Or-nos'pa-des Nic'e ros No3-o-co-mi'um 0-re-an'i-des, and 0-i-h'des O-phi-o'ne-us Or-nyt'i-on Ki-ce'tas Nos'o-ra O-re-a-iiit'i-des Ol'a-ne Ophis Or-o-an'da Pa-ca-ti-a'nus Nic-e-te'ri-a No'tlius O-ce-an-i'lis ()-la'uus Oph-i-te'a Or'o-ba Pac'ci-us Kic'i-a Ko-ii'um 0-ce'a-uu8 01' ba, or Ol'bus 0-phi'te» 0-ro'bi-a Prt'cbes Kic'i-as Ko'tus 0-re'i-a 01-be'lus O-phi-u'cbus 0-ro'bi-i l*a-cbi'nas NUcip'pe No-va'ri-a O-ce'Jis Ol'bi-a O'pbi-us Or'o-bia Pa-cby'nas Ki-eip'pus No-va'ius 0-cel'Jus Ol'bi-us O-pbi-u'sa O-ro'des Pa-co'ni-us Ki'co Nov-em-pHVi Oc'e-lum Ol-cliin'i-um O-phlo'ues 0-rcE'tes P«c*<>-ras Kic-o-lmHus NoT-eni-pop'ii-Iis O'dia 0-le'a-ros, or Ol'i- OpU-ry-ne'nin 0-rom*e-doi» Fdc'ti-a Ni-coch'a-res Ko-vem'si-les O-clie'ni-us r05 Op'i-ci 0-ron'tas Pac-to'lu3 Nic'o-cles Nov'e-rus U-clie'si-us 0-le'a-trum 0-pig'e-na 0-ron'tes P«c'ty-as Ki-coc'ra-tcs No-ve'si-um Och'ro-na O'lei. O-pil'i-us Or-ou-le'os Pac'ty-es Ki-co'cre-on Ko-vi-o-du'nura O'clius Oie-nos O-pi'ma Spo'li-a Or-o-pbei'iies Pa-cu'ri-us Nic-o-da'nius No-vi-ora'a-gTim Ocli-y-ro'ma Ol'e-iius, w 0!'e- U-pim-i-a'nus 0-ro'pus Pa-die'i Nic-o-dc'mus Xo-vi-om'a-giiB Oc'iius unm ()-pim'i-u3 Or'o-sa Pa-de'i Nic-o-do'ru9 No'vi-um 0-co'lum O-le-o'rus O'pis O-ro'si-us Pad'u-a Ni-cod'ro-nius Kii'vi-us Pris'cus 0-cric'o-!a Ol'e-rus Op-is-tlioc'o-niEE 0-ros'pe-di Pa'dus Nic-o-la'us Aov-o-co'nium O-ciicu-lum 0!'ga-sys Op'i-ter Or'plie-us, or Or'- Pa-du'sa Ni-cole-os No-vom'a-gus O-crid'i-on 01-i-gyr'iis Op-i-ter-gi'ni ptieus Pte'an Ni-com'a-clia Kox 0-cris'i-a 0-lm'i-BB 0-pi'tes Or'phi-tus P*-a'nes Ni-com'a-clms Nu-ce'ri-a Oc-ta-cil'ii-us 0-lin'tims Op'o-i» Or-sedi-ce P*e-dar'e-tu3 J'ge3 Phryg'i-a Phtyji'i-us Plirv'iii: Pliryii'i-cu3 Pliry'nis Phry'no Pliryx'c-us Plirvx'us Phliii'a Phllu-o'lis Pby'a Plij-a'ccs Pliycus Pb>g'e-la PhyTa-cc Ptijl-ace'us Phyni-cus Phy-Uii'clius Phy'liis Phy'le Ptiyl'e-is Pliy-le'iis Pliy-li'dcs Phyl'i-ia Phyl'lu Phyl-la'li-a Phvl-le'i-iis PhVllis Phyrii-iis Pli\l-lod'u-cc Phyl'los Ptj\niis Pliy-rom'a-chus Plivs-cel'la Pliys'co-a Pliys'con Pliys'cos Ptiys'cus Plivs-i-og-no'mon Phy-tal*i-dc3 Pliyt'a-lus Pby-te'uiu Pliy'ton Pliyx'i-um Pia, or Pi-ft'li-a Pi'a-sus Pi-ce'ni Pi-ceu'ti-a Pic-en-ti'ni Pi-ce'num Pi'cra Pic'tie, or Pic'ti Pic-ta'vi, or Fic'Lo- iies Pic-ta'vi-um Pic'to-nea Pic'tor Pi'cus Pi-do'rU9 Pid'v-tes Pi-iiy'tes Pi'e-Ius Pi'e-ra Pi-e'ri-a Pi-er'i-des Pi'e-ris Pi'e-ru3 Pi'e-tas PiVes Pi-la'tus Pi-ie'sus Pi-lo'rus Pi-lum'iiu9 Pini'pk Pim-ple'a Piiii-ple'i-tles, or Pim-ple'a-iles Pini-pr.i'nu Pin'a-ic Pi-na'ri-u5 Pin'a-rus Pin'da-nis Pin'da-sus Pin-de-nis'sii3 Pindus Pju'gus Plii'iia Pin'thi-aa Pi'o-ue Pi-o'iii-a Pi'o-nis Pi-rse'us, or ri-rre'- c-us Pi-ie'nc I'l-n'cus Pi-ritli'o-ns Pi-io'iiiis Pi'rus Pi-rus'tffi Pi'sa Pi'sffi Pi-SBE'US Pi-san'dcr Pi-sa'nus Pi-sa'les, or Pi-stu'i Pi-sau'nis Pi-se'uor Pis'e-U8 Pis'i-as Pis'i-dffi Pi-sid'i-a Pi-sid'i-ce Pi'sis Pis-is4rat'i-dte Pis-i3-trat'i-des Pi-sis' ira-t us Pi'so[Pi-¥u'ncs,// J Pi-so'nis Pis'si-rus Pis'tor Pi'sus Pi-sutli'nc3 Pit'a-ne PUlhe'L'ou Col'pos Pith-e-cu'sa Pith-e-cu'sie Pilh'e-us Pi'tho PiUi-o-la'us Pi-tlio'ie-uu Pi'tbon Pi'tliys Pit'tM-rus i Pit'ibe-a Pit-tlie'i3 Pit-the'us Pit-u-a'ni-us Pit-u-la'ni Pit-y-se'a Pit-Y-as'su3 Pit-y-o-nc'su3 Pit'y-U9 Pit-y-u'sa Pla-ceu'ti-a Pla-cid-e-i-a'nu-i Pla-cid'i-a Pla-cid'i-us Pla-na'si-a Plan-ci'iia Plan'cus Pla-tic'a Pla-Ue'iu Pliit'a-ge Plat-a-nio'dcs Pla-ta'ni-us Plafii-mis Pla-te'a Pla-te'ffi Pla'to Pia-ton'i-ci Plau'ti-a (Lex) Plau-ti-a'uus Plau-til'la Plau'ti-us Plau'tus Pla'vis Pieb-is-ci'tiim Plei'a-iles, or FJt- i'a-dcs Ple'i-as Plei'o-ne Pleui-niyr'i-um Pleni'iie-us Pleu-mo'si-i Pleu-ra'tus Pleu'ron Plex-Hu'rc Plex-ip'pus Pliii*i-us Pliu-thi'ne Pliu'tbi-tie Plis-tar'cbus Plis'tha-uus Plis'the-nis Plis-li'ims Plis-to'a-nax or Plis-to'iiax Plis-to-iiices Plis-to-ui'cu3 Pio'lEe Plo-the'a Plo-U'ua Pot-i-nop'o-H? Plo-ti'uus Plo'ti-us Plu-Uir'clius Plu'ti-a Plu'to Plu-to'ni-um Ptu'tus Plu'vi-us Plyn-te'ri-i» Pueb'c-bis Piiili'e-ud Pnyx Po-blic'i-us Pod a-le*a Pc)d-a-lir'i-us Po-dar'ce Po-dar'ce* Po-da'res Po-dar'^u Po-clar'gus Pce'us Poec'i-ie PoeQi'e-uis Pce'ni I'ocu'i-cus Pu-'OU Pce-o'ui-a Pa- us Po'goii P(i')a Pol-t-mo-cra'ti-B Pore-nion Po-le'uor Po'li-as Po-li-e.'a Po-li-e'um Po'li-eus Po-h-or-ce'ics Po-lis'ma Po-lis'tra-tus PoI-i-tK'a Po-li'tfs Pul-i-lu'ii-uni Pol-leii'ti-a Pol-iiu'e-a Pol'li-o Pol'lis Pol'li-us Fe'lLx Pol-lu'ti-u Poriux Pol'tis Po'lns Po-Ius'ca Po-ly-oe-tnon'i-des Po-ly-te'nus Po-ly-a-ra'tus Po-ly-ar'cIiU5 Pol-y-be'[es Po-lyb'i-das Po-h b'i-usj or Pol'- y-bu3 Pol-y-boe'a Pol-y-bo-'tes Pol-y-bo'tes Po-lyb'o-lum Pol'y-bus PnUy-ca'on Pol-y-car'|ms Pol-y-cas'te Po-lycli'a-Tcs PoUy-cle'a Pory-cles Pol-y-cle'tus Po-lyc'ra-tes Pol-y-cre'ta,oj Pol- y-cn'ia Po-lyc'ri-tus Po-lyc'tor Pol-y-dffi'rao» Po-lyd'a-mas Pol-y-dam'na Pol-y-dec'iea Pol-y-deu-cc'a Pol-y-du'ra Po]-y-d<)'ru3 Poi-y-gi'ton Po-lyg'i-u3 Pol-yg-«o'tus Po-Iyg'o-uus Po-ly-liym'ni-a, or Po-lym'iii-a Po-ly-id'i-u9 Po-ly-i*dus Pol-y-la'u3 Po-lym'e-ues Pul-y-me'de Po-lym'e-don Pnl-y-nie'ta Pol-ym-ucs'tes Pol-yni-nes'toi Pol-y-ni'CL'S Po-lyu'o-e Pul'y-nus Pol-y-pe'nion Pol-y-per'chon Pol-y-pbe'mu3 Pot-y-plioh'ies Pol'y-ptiron Pol-y-poe'tes Pol'y-rcM Pot-y-strpli'a-uus Po-lys'tra-tus Pol-y-tecli'uus Po-li'te3 Pol-y-ti-nic'lus Pol-y-ti'iuu3 Po-lyi'i-on Po-l}t'ro-pus Po-lyx'e-iia Po-lvx'c nus Po-lyx*o Pol-y-re'ltts Poiii-ax-ffi'llins Po-nie'ti-a, or Po- me' I i-i Pon»-e-li'iia Po-nio'na PoDi-pc'i-a Pom-pe i-a'iius Pon)-pL''i-i,or Poni- pe'i-um Poin-pe-i-op'u-lis Pom-pe'i-us Poru'pe-lon, 01 Pom-pc-lo'iia Poni-pil'i-a Pom-piri-U3 ^'u'- ma Poni-pi'lu3 Pora-pia'cus Puin-po'ni-a Pom -po' 111- us Pom-po-si-a'uus Pomp-ti'ua PoiDp-li'nc 43U Pomp-U'nus Poni'pus Pon'ti-a Pon'ti-cum Ma're Pon'ti-cus Pon-ti'na Pon-ti'iiU3 Pou'ti-us Pon-to-po-ri'a Pou'tus Pon'tus Eu-xi'nus Po-pil'i-us T.re'nas Po-plic'o-li Pop-pai'a t^a-bi'na Pop-pffi'us Pop-u-lo'iii-a Por'a-ta Por'ci-a Por'ci-us Por-do-se-Ie'ae Po-i cd'o-rax Po-n'na Por-o-se-le'ne Pur-pbyr'i-oii For-pliyr'i-us Por-phy-rog-en-ni' tus Por'ri-ma Por-sen'na, or For '- se-na For'ti-a, and Por'- ti-us Port'nios Por-tum-na'li-a For-luni-nus Por-tu'iius Fo'rus Po-sid'e-on Po-si'des Pos-i-de'UQi Po-si'don Fos-i-do'iii-a Pos-i-do'ui-iis Po'si-o Pos-si-do'ni-um Pos-tlm'mi-a Pos-tliu' mi-US Post'bu-mus Fos-tu'mi-us Post-ver'ti Po-tam'i-des Pot'a-moii Pot'a-nius Fo-tlu'nus Po'thos Pot-i-dee'a Po-ti'jia Po-til'i-u3 Fot-ni'a-dc3 Pol'ui-Be Prac'ti-um Pne'ci-a Pne-nes'te Pi-sen-es-ti'ni Pne'sos PrBEs'ti Fra'tor Pite-tu'ri-us Pne-tu'ti-um Fram'Di-um, or Fram-id'um, ai/j Pra'si-i Fras'i-DUs Fral'i-uas Prax-ag'o-ras Prax'i-as Prax-i-bu*lus Prax-id'a-uias Prax-id'i-ce Prax'i-Ia Prax-ipb'a-ues Prax'is Pr;L\-it'e-lei Pra\-ilb'e-a Pic'li-us Pres-byt-e-ri'uni {domicile Jur priest) Fies-by-te'ri-um {sacerdotal order) Pre-u'ge-ucs Prex-as'pes Pn-ani'i-dcs Pn'a-mus Pri-a'pus Pri-e'ue Pri'ma Prini-i-pi'lus Pn'o-la Pri'on Pn-o-iio'tus Pi"is-ci-a'iius Pris-cil'la Pris'cus Pris'ris Pri-ver'niim Pri-Tej'iiU3 Pro'ba Pro'bus, M. Pro'cas ProcIi'o-iu3 Proch'y-ta Pro-Cil'i-us Pro-cil'la Pro-cil'lus Pro'cle-a Pro'cles Pro-cU'd;e Proc'ue Proc-on-ue'su5 Pro-co'pi-u3 Pro'cris Pro-crud'tes Proc'u-la Proc-u-le'i-us Proc-u-li'na Proc'u-lus Pro'ey-on Prod'i-cus Frod'ro-nms Pro'e-dri Pro-er'oa Prcet'i-des Prcetus Prog'ne Pro-la'us Protu'a-clius Pro-matli'i-das Pro-nia'tlii-ou Froin'e-don Prom-e-nie'a Pro-nie'tbe-i Pro-me'the-us Pro-rae'Uiia, and From-e-tbi'des Prom'e-lhus Prom'u-lus Fro-nap'i-des Pro-ua'um Pro'nax Prou'o-e Pi'on'o-nius Proti'o-us Prou'u-ba Pro-pcr'ii-us Pro-plie'ta Pro-pcet'i-dps Pro-pou'tis Prop-y-le'rt Pros-c!iys'ti-us Pros-e-lc'm Pro-t.ery-tus Pro-ser'pi-iia Pro-so'pis Pros-o-prtcs Fros-o-pi'Lis Pro-sym'na Pro-tag'o-ras Prot-a-gor'i-des Pio'te-i Co-luiu'me Pro-tes-i-la'us Pnt'te-us Fro'tUc-U3 ProUi-o-e'nor PlOtll'0-U3 Pro' to Prot-o-gc-nc'a Fro- to^'e- lies Prot-o-ge-m a Prot-o-iiie-di'a Prol-o-me-(lu'sa Pro-lQt'y-pon Frot-ry-geu Prox'e-iius Pru-deu'li-us Piuni'iii-des Pru'sa Fru->a;'us Pru'si-as Pryni-ue'si-a Pry m '110 Prvl'a-iies Pryt-a-iic'um Pryt'a-iiis Psara'a-lbe Psam'a-lbos Psam-me-ui'lus Psaui-nict'i-cbus Psam'mis Psa'pliis Fsa'plio Pse-bn'a Pse'cas Pse-ne'rus Pseu-do-ce'lis Pseu-do-man-ti'a Pseu-dos'to-ma Psit'ta-ce Psit'ta-cus Psu'phis Psy'che Fsy-cho-man-te'- um Psy'cUnis Psyl'li Fsvt-ta-li'a Pte'le-os Pte'lc-um Pter'e-las Pler-e-Ia'u9 Pte'ri-a Pte'ri-ou Pio-cbi'um Plol-e-der'niii Ptol-e-iuEe"uiu Ptol-e-mie'us Ptol-e-ma'is Ptol'y-cus Plo'us Fub-lic'i-a (Lex) Puh-lic'i-U8 Pub-lic'o-Ja Pub I i- us Pu'di'ca Pul-che'ri-a PuPchruni Pul'lus Pu'ui-cuni Bel'iuai Pu'pi-us Pu-pi-e'nu9 Pup'pi-U9 Pu-te'o-li Py-a-nep'si-a Pyd'iia Pyg'e-Ia Pyg-mee'i Pyg-niffioii Fyg-ma'li-on Pyl'a-dcs Py'ix Py-taem'e-nes Py-lag'o-rte Py-lag'o-ras Py-la'on Py-lar'ge Fy-!ar'ies Py'lai* Py-le'ue Pvl'e-us PyPi-us PvPle-oii Py'io Pv'los Py'lus PyQi'a-tu3 Py'ra Py-rac'mon Py-rac'mos Py-raeL-b'nu'S Py-ne'eus, or Py- rie'ns Py-iam'i-des Pyr'a-mu3 Pj r'a-sus Py-re'i-cus Pyr-e-Uffi'i Pyr-e-uje'ua Fy-re'ne Fy-rc'tus Pvr'c-lU3 Pyr-gi P\r'gi-*n Pyrgo Pyr-got'e-Ies Pyr'gus Py-np'pe Py'ro Pyr'o-de3 Pyr'o-eis Fyr-o-ge'ii Pyr'o-is Py-ro'fti-a Py-ro-pUleg'e-Uion Pyr'rba Pyr'rbi-as Fyr'rhi-ca Pyr'rlii-cus Fyr'rhi-dffl Pyr'rho Pyr'rbus Pyr'ri-cha Pys'le Py-thicn'e-tu3 Py-thag'o-r;i3 Pytli-a-go-re'i Py-tbau'ge-lm PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. Pytli-a-ra'tu3 Pytli'e-as P.v'thes I'ytli'e-us Pyth'i-a I'v'Ii'i-aa Pylh'i-on Pytli-i-o-ni'ce Pytli-i-o-ni'ce3 Pvth'i-um Pytli'i-us Pj'tho Py-lhoffli'a-ris Pytli'o-cles Pytli-o-Je'lus Pyth-o-do'rn?; Pyth-o-la'us Py'tlioii Py-tlio'nes Pytli-o-ni'ce Py-thon'i-ci Pytli-o-iii'cus Pvth-o-nis'su P'vt'na Pyt'ta-lus Pyx-ag'a-tliiis Q. ClUA-DER>A Qim'di Qua-dia'ia ftiia-dra'tus Quad'ri-frons, or Quad'ri-ceps Quies-to'res Quu'ri Qua'ri-us Quer'cens Qm-e'tU3 Uuinc-ti-a'nus Quiuc-lii'i-a QiuDc'ti-u?, T. Quiu'da Quin-de-cem'vi-ri Uuin-qua'lri-a Quiu'qua-trus Quin-queii-na'lc3 Quin-quev'i-ri Quin-til'i-a Quin-til-i-a'nu8 Ciuin-ti'Iis Quin-lil'i-us Va'ru^ Uuiu-til'la Quia-til'lu3 Uuin'ti-us Quin'tuSjOrQiiinc'- ti-us Quin'tus Cur'ti-ii3 Uuir-i-na'li-a Quir-i-Da'lis Qui-ri'nus Qui-ri'tea R. Ra.-B1R'I-U3 Ra-cil'i-a liEe-sa'ces Ka-mi'ses Kam'nes Ban'da Ra-pha'ne-Ee Ra'po Ka-Sfip'o-lis Ka-tu'iiie-na Kau-ra'ci, or Rau- n'ci Ra-veu'na Kav-en-na'tes Kav'o-ia Ke-a'te Re-dii;'ii-lus Red'o-nes Re-gil'lce Re-gil-li-a'nus Ue-gil'lus Re-gi'n;» Re-^i'iium Re|^'u-Iu3 Re'nii Reni'ii-lua Ke-mu'ri-a Re'mua Re'sus Re-li'na Re-u-dig*ni Kiia Rliab-du'clii K!ia-ce'lu3 lUia'ci-a Rha'ci-us Rlia-co'tes Rlia-co'iis Rliad-a-nian'tlms Rhad-a-niis'tus Rhad'i-n« Rlia'di-ua Riiaes'e-na Rlia'te-imi RliEe'ti, or RBc'ti Riiffi'ti-a Rlia-ge'ii Rlia-mc'Iu3 Rliaiii-ncD'sca lUiani'nes Rliam-st-ni'tu3 Rhani'iius Rliani-nu'si-a Rlia'jiia Rlia-plie'a Rliap-so'di Riia'ri-us Klia'rus Rlias-cn'po-lis Rlias-cu'po-ris Rha-to'us Rhe'a Rlie'ba?, or Rhc'- Rlied'o-iKS Riie'gi-uai Klie-gus'ci Rlie'nii Rhe'ne Rlie-nc'a Rtie'iii lUie'nus Klie-n-mi'Lres Rlie'sus Khet'i-co Rlie-tng'c-nC5 Rlie-u'nus ^ Rliex-e'nor Rliex-ilj'i-us Rlii-a'iius Rhid'a-go Rlii-moL'a-cUs RliMioc-o-iii'ra Rlii'on Rbipha, or Rlii'- plte Rlii-pliEC'i Rlii-phae'us Rlii'um Rlio-lie'.i Rliud'a-lus Rhod a-uus Rho'de Rho'di-:i Rho'di-i Rliod-n-gj'nc. or Rhod-o-gu'iic Rliod'o-pe, or Rho- du'pis Rbo'diH Rhoe'ljus Rhce'cus Rhoe-te'uiii Rlice'tus Rboin-bi'tC3 Riio-sa'ces Rlio'su3 Rbox-a'na, or Rov- a'na Rliox-a'iii Rbu-te'ni, and Rii- tbc'ni Rhyii'da-ciis Pkliyn'tbuii Rby'pfe Rliyt'i-U3 Ric'i-mer RiD-^i-be'ii Ri-pha'i Ri-piie'u3 Riq-ue-be'ius Ri\'a-niae Rix-am'a-rrE Ro-bi'go, or Ru- bi'go Rod-e-ri'cu3 Ru'nia Ro-ina't.i Ro-ma'nus Ro-iiiil'i-us Roni'u-la Ro-mu'ii-dffi Rom'u-liis Ro'mus RoB'ci-us Ro-sii'la-uus Ro'si-u^ Ro-tom'a-giis Rox-a'na Rox-o-bi'iii Ru-bel'li-us Ru'i)i Ru'bi-con Ru-hi-e'nus Lap'pa Ru-bi'go Ru'bra Sax':\ Ru-bre'nu3 Ru'l)ri-us Ru'di-8C Ru'fEB Ruf-fi'nu9 Ruf'fiis Ru-fil'lu9 Rii-fi'nui Ru'fi-U3 Ru'fus Ru'si-i Ru'iiii-un Ru'mi-iiii^ Ruii-ei'na Ru-pil'i-U3 Rus'ci-no Rus'ci-us Ru3-co'iii-a Ru-sel'lte Rus'pi-iia Rus'ti-cus Ru-te'ui Ru-the'ni Ru'ti-la Ru'ti-Iu3 Ru-til'i-us Ru'fus Ru'tu-ba Ru'tu-bu3 Ru'tu-Ii Ru'tu-pa; Ru-tu-pi'uu9 S. Sa'ha Sab'a-clius, or Sab'- a-cou Sa'bae Sa-bEe'i Sa-ba'ta Sa-ba'tba Sab'a-tba; Sa-ba'tra Sa-ba'zi-u3 Sab'bas Sa-bel'la Sa-bel'li Sa-bel'lu3 Sa-bid'i-u3 Sa-bi'na Sa-bi'ni Sa-biii-i-ii'iius Sa-bi'nu3 Au'lus Sa-bi'ra Sa'bis Sa-bo'ci Sa-bo'tba Sab'ra-ctE Sab'ra-ta Sa-bn'na Sab'u-ra Sab-u-ra'ims Sa'bus Sac'a-das Sa'cce Sac-a-pe'uc Sa'cer Sach-a-Ii'trp Sacb-a-li'tcs Sa-cra'ni Sa-cra'tor Sa-crat'i-vir Sac'ro-ne Sad'a-le3 Sa'du? Sa-dv-:rtC3 Saeg-i-nie'rus SiKi'a-bes ^ag-a-las'sus Sag'a-na Sag'a-ns Sa-git'ta Sa-gun'tiim, or Sa gun'tiis Pag-iin-ti'nus Sa'is Sa-i'ta Sa'la Sa-la'ci-a Sal'a-con Sal-a-gi'sa Sal-a-min'i-a Sal'a-miB Sal-a-mi'ua Sa-lam'ti-ca Sa-bi'pi-a, or Sa- la'pi-je Sal'a-r.a Sa-Iar'i-ca Sa-las'ci Sa-le'i-U3 Sa-Ie'ni Sal-en-ti'ni Sa-ler'num Sal-ga'iic-us.(jrSal- ga'ue-a Sa'ii-a Sa-li-a'ris Sa'b-i Sal-i-iia'tov Sa'li-us Sal-lus'ti-m Sal'ma-cis Sal-mo'iic Sal-rao'nc-us Sal-mo'nia Sal 'mil s Sal-my-des'sus Sa'lo Sa-lo'mc! Sal'o-inuii Sa'loii Sa-lo'na> OT 9a-lo'- 11 re Sal-o-iie'a Sal-o-iii'na Sal-o-ni'nu3 Sa-lo'ni-ii3 Sal-pi'uas Sal'pis Sal-tu-a'res Sal'vi-au Sal-vid-i-c'nus Sal'vi-U3 Sa'iy-es Sa-ma'ri-"i Sam-a-ri'a Sam-a-ri'la Sam'a-tEC Sam-bu'lo3 Sara'bu3 ya'rae, cr Sa'nios Sa-me'ni Sa-nii-a Sa'mi-us Sam-ni'tai Sam-ni'tcs Sam'ui-um SaDi-o-cbo-iii'tc3 Sa-mon'i-cus Sa-nio'ni-uni Sa'mos Sa-mos'ii-t.i Sam-o-thra'cp, or yam-o-tlira'ci-a Sam-o-tlira'cc3 Sa'mu3 Sa-myl'i-a Sa'na San'a-os Saii-cbo-ni'a-tlion San-da'ce Saii-da-h-o'tis San-da'li-uai San'da-nis San'da-mis Sau-di'on San- do 'CCS San-dro-cot'tus San'ga-la Saa-ga'ri-u«, or Saii'ga-ris San-guiii'i-U3 San-iiyr'i-Dii Sau'lo-nea, and San'to-nic San-ton'i-cu3 Sa-o'ce Sa-oc'u-ras Sa'uu Sa-n'tes Sa-pfe'i, or Sa-pliae'i Sapb'a-ru9 Sap-i-re'ne Sa-pi'rta Sa'por Sa-po'rcs Sap'pbo Sap-pho'u3 Sap'ti-ne 437 Sar-a-ce'nc Sar-a-ce'ni Sa-rac'o-ri Sar-a-nie'ne Sa-ran'ges Sar-a-pa'ni Sar'a-pus Sar'a-sa Sa-raa'pa-des Sa-ra'vus Sar-da-Da-pa'lu3 Sar-de'iie Sar'di Sar'di-ca Sar-diu'i-a Sar'dis, or Sar'des Sar'do-iiC3 Sar-don'i-ciis Sar'do-nyx Sar-dop'a-tri3 Sar-do'ii3 Sar'dus Sa-vi-as'ter Sar'ma-tffi Sar-mit'ti-a Sar-men'tu3 Sai''ui-U3 Sa'ron Sa-ron'i-cu3 Si'mis Sa-ro'llis Sar-pe'don Sar'ra Sar-ra'niis Sar'ra -pi 3 Sar-rii3'te3 Sars Sar si-m Sar-san'da Sa'son Sas'o-ne3 Sas'i-na Sat-a-gy'ta: Sat'a-nas Sa-tas'pes Sa'ti-!E Sat-i-bar-za'nc3 Sa-tic'u-la, and Sn- tic'u-lu3 Sa'tis Sa-tra'i-dffi Sat-ia-pe'a Sat-ra-pe'm Sat'ru-pes Sa-tn'ciirii Sa-trop'a-i;es Sat'u-ra Sat-u-re'i-uni, or Sa-tu're-uni Sat-u-re'i-u3 Sat-ur-na'U-a Sa-tur'ni-a Sat-ur-ui'nu9 Sa-tur'm-u3 Sa-tiir'nus Sat' u- rum Sat'y-ri !'at'y-ru3 Sau-fe'i-u3 Tro'gus Sau-rom'a-t£e Sau'rus Sav'e-ra Sa'vo, or Sa-vo'na Sa'vus Sax 'o- lies Saz'i-che3 Scaj'a Sc:e'va Scxv'o-1 \ Scal'pi-um Sca-iJiau'dcr Sca-niau'dri-us Stan-da'ri-a Scan-de'a Scan-di-na'vi-a Scan-tjl'la Scap-tes'y-Ie Scap'ti-a Scap'ti-us Sciip'u-ia Scar'di-i Scar-plic'a Scar-phi'a,or Sc;ii'- pbe Scau'rus Sced'a-su3 Scel-e-ra'lu3 Sce-m'lffi Sche'di-aj or Ske'- di-a Scbe'ili-us Scbe'n-a Schce-ne'is Sclioe'ne-us ScboD'nus, oj'Sclie'- nn Sci-ap'o-de3 Sci'a-tUis, or Si'a- this Sci'a-tIio3 Sci'dros Scil'lm Sci'uis Scin'thi Isci-o'ne Sci-pi'a-die Sci-pi'a-dcs Scip'i-o Sci'ra St'i-ra'di-um Sci'ras Sci'roii Sci-rou'i-dcs Sci'ru3 Sfol'u-ti Sco'lus Sconi'brus Sco'pas Scop'e-Ios Sci)'pi-uit\ Scor-dis'fi, and Scor-dis'cie Sco-ti'nus Sco-tus'?a Scri-bo'n:-a j^cri-bo-ui-a'nus Scri-bo'iii-u3 Scyl'a-cc Scyl-a-ce'um Scy'lnx Scyl'Ia Scyl-Irr.'u.Ti Scyl'li-as Scyl'lis Scyl'his Scy-lu'ru? Scyp'pi-um Scy'riis Scy-ri'a-dc3 Scy'ros Scyr'pi-um Scyt'a-le Scy'thae Scy-tbe'ui Scy'tlies, or Scy'- rba Scytli'i-a Scytb'i-des Scy-tbi'iius Scy'tliim Scy-tliop'o-li3 Se-bas'ta Seb-as-te'a Seb-as-te'iii Sc-bas'ti-a Seb-ns-top'u-li3 Seb'e-da Seb-en-iiy'tu3 Se-be'tbis Se-be'tos Se-be'tus Se-bu-si-n'iii,orSe- gu-»i-a'ni Sec'e-la Sec-ta'im3 Se-dig'i-tu3 Sed-i-ta'ni, or Sed- eii-ta'ai Se-du'ni Se-du'si-i Se-gea'ta Se-ges'tes Se-pe'ti-a Seg'ni Se-gob'ri-ga Seg'o-n;ix Se-gou'ti-a, or Se- gua'ti-a Stg-on-ti'a-ci Se-gt)'ri-a Se-gun'ii-uDi Se-gu-si-a'ni Se-gu'si-o Se-ja'iui3 A^'li-us Sc-i-sacli-tlii'a Se'i-U3 Stra'bo Sel-di>'tnu3 Se-lerii'iius Se-le'iic Sel-cu-ce'iia, or Se- Icu'cia Se-lcu'ci-a Sel-eu-L'i'a Se-leu'ci-da; Se-leu'cis Se-!eu-ci)-be'lus Se-leu'cu3 Se-hm'nu5 Se-U'tmD3, or Sc- li'uus Se'li-us Sel-la'si-a Sel-Ie'is Stl'li Sc-lniy'bri-a Sem'e-le Sem-en-ti'nus Se-niid'e-i Sem-i-ger-ma'ni Seni-i-gun'tu3 Se-iiiir'a-mis Sem'no-ne^ Sem-im'tbe-i Se-nio'iies Sem-o-saiic'tu3 Sem-pro'ni-a Sciii-pra'tii-us Se-nm'ii-um Se'na Se-na'tor Se-iia'tus Sen'na, or Se'na Seii'c-ca Sc'ni a Sen'o-nps Se-iio'ties Sen'ti-us Se'pi-as Se'pi-us Se-pla'si-a Sep-teni'pe-da Sep-tem'iii-o Sep-Le'ri-on Sep-timi-U3 Sep-ti-ma-le'i-u3 Sep'y-ra SL-q'ua-iia Seq'ua-ni Se-quan'i-ciis Se-quin'i-U8 Se-ra'pe3 Ser-a-pe'um Se-ra'pi-o Se-rapi-on Se-ra'pis Se'res Ser-bo'ui3 Se-re'ua Se-re-iii-a'nu9 Se-re'nu9 Ser-ges'tus Ser'gi-a Ser-gi'o-Iu3 Ser'gi-U9 Ser'i-cus Se-ii*pliU3 Ser'iiiy-la Se'rou Ser-ra'nu3 Ser-re'am Ser-to'ri-us Ser-vffi'ufl Ser-vi-a'iiU9 Ser-vil'i-a Ser-vil-i-a'nus Ser-vil'i-u3 Ser'vi-us Tu11j-ii'» Ses-a-me'iii Ses'a-mum Ses'a-ra Ses-a-re'lhus 5e3-o-os'iris, or Sf- soa'tris Ses'ti-us Ses'tos, or Sea'tus Se-su'vi-i Set'a-bi3 Se'thoii Se'ti-a Seu'thca Sii-vc'ra Se-ve-ri-a'nU9 Se-ve'i'U3 Se'vo Sex'iia Sex-til i-a Sex-tilis Sex-til'i-ii Sex'li-us Scx'tus Si-I>i'iii Sib'o-tes Si-bur'ti-U3 Si-byl'Iee Sib-yUU'uua Si'ca 1 1 1 PROmmCIATION OF GREEK AND LATIN" PROPER NAMES. Si-cam'bri, or Sy- Sir'nii-um So-te'ri-a Strabo Sy-e-ue'si-us Tan-a-grc'us, or Te'ches gam'bri Si-ro'mus So-teri-cus Sira-tar'cliaa Sy-c-m'tes Taii-a-grie'us Tech-mes'sa ' Si-ca'ui Sir-o-pie'o-ne3 So'lbis Stra-te'gus Sy-en'ue-sis Tan'a- grus, or Tan'- Tech'na-tis , Si-ca'ni-a Sis'a-pou So-ti-a'tC3 Stra'to, or Stra'ton Sy-le'a a-ger Tec'ta-mu3 Si-ca*nu5 Si-sam'ues So'ti-on Strat'o-ck-s Sy-le'uni Tan'a-i3 Tec-tos'a-ges, or 1 Sic'a-nus Sis'a-pho So-ti'ra Strat-o-cli'a Syl'e-us Tan'a-quil Tec-tos'a-gje i Sic*e-lis, or Si-cel'i- Sis'a-ra Su'ti-us Strat-o-ni'cc Sy-lt'o-uc9 Ta-ne'tUQi Tec*to-sax ! des Sis-ci'a So'us Stra-ton-i-ce'a Syria Ta'uis Te'ge-a, or Te-gffi'a 1 Si-ce'mus, and Si- Sis'e-nC3 Sox'o-ts Strat-o-iu'cu3 Syl'iis Tan-tal'i-des Te-ge-a'tes ce'ma Si-sen'na Soz'o-men Stro-go'ia Syl'o-es Tao'la-lus Teg'u-la Si-ce'ous Sis-i-gaiu'bis, or So-zoni'e-nu3 Stron'gy-]e Sjl'o-SL'ii 'la-nu'si-us Ger'- Teg'y-ra Si-chse'iis Sis-y-gam'bis Spa'co Stroph'a-dis Syl-va'i.us mi-nus Te'i-os Si-cil'i-a Sis-o-cos'tus Spal'e-tlna Siro'pbi-us Syl'vi-a Ta o'ca, Ta-o'ct Te*i-um Si-cin'i-us Deu-ta'- Sis'y-pbus Spar-t;a-pi'tbc3 Stru-llii'a Syl'vi-us Ta'plii-JE Te'i-us tus Si-tal'ces Spar'ta Siru-thoph'a-ui Sy'ma, or S>'me Ta'phi-i Te'la Si-ci'nii9 Si-the'ui Spar'ta-cu3 Stru'tlius Sym'bo-la Ta'pUi-us. or Ta- Tel'a-nion Sic'o-ris Sith'niMlea Spar'tte, or Spar'ti Stry'ma Sym-bo-lo'rum phi-as'sus Tel-a-mo-iii'a-des Sic'o-nis Si'thou Spar-ta'ni, ^rSpai- Strym'no Sym'bo-lum Tap'o-ri Tel-clii'nei Sic'u-U Sitb'o-ne3 ti-a'lte Stry'moD Sym'roa-chus Tap-o-si'ris Tel-cliin'i-a Sic'u-lus Siih'o-nis Spar-ta'aus Slrj-m'o-nis Sym-pleg'a-dcs Ta-piob'a-ne Tel-cliin'i-us Sic'y-on Si-tho'ni-a Spar-ti-a'uii3 Styg'i-U3 SjDi-ple'gas T^p'sus Tel-clu3 Sic-y-o'iii-a Sid-a-ce'iiC Sit'i-U3 Spar-to'his Stvg'ne Sy'nius Tap'y-ri Te-le-a Sit'o-iic^ Spat'a-!e Sty-lob 'a-les Svn-cel'lus Tar'a-uis Tel'e-ba Sti'de Sit-te-bc'ris Spe'clii-a Stym-pha'li-a, or Syn'ge-lus Ta'ras Te-leb'o« Su-es-si-o'nes Syr-o-pboe'nix Tar'ra-co Tel'e-lhus Si!-i-cen'se So'lon Sta-be'n-us Sues'so-nes, or Su- Svr-o-ubce-ui'ces Tar-ra'ti-U3 Te-le-tlm'sa Sil'i-us I-tai'i-cus So-Io'ni-nra Sta'bi-ffi es-sones Sy'ros Tar'sa Te-leu'ri-as Sil'phi-um Sii'pi-:i Sil-va'Dus So'lus Stab'u-lum Sue-to'ni-us SjT'tCS Tar'si-us Te-leu'le Sol'va Sta-gi'ra Sue'vi Sy'rus Tar'sus, or Tar'- Te-Ieii'li-as Sol-y-gc'a Sta'i-U3 Su.e'vi Sys-i-gam'bis sos Tel'i-nu3 Si-man'ge-lu3 Sol'j-ma, and Sol'- \-niae Stam'e-ne Sue'vi-U3 Sy-sim'e-tbres Tar-tar'i-uu3 Tel-le'nc Sim-briv'i-us, or StapU'y-lus Sue'vus, or Su-e'- Svs'i-nas Tar'ta-ru3 Telles Sim-bru'vi-us Sol'y-mi Soni'uus Sta-sau'diT vus Sy'lbas Tar-te'sas Tel'b-as Si-me'na Sta-sil'e-us Suf-fe'mis Tar-tes'sus Tel-lis Si-Die'tlms, or Sy- Son'cliis Sta-te'nus Suf.fe'ies Ta-run'ti-as Tellus me'tbus Sou-ii'a-tcs Sta-til'i-a Suf-fe'ti-us, or So T. Ta'rus Tel'me-ra Sim'i-lEE Si'p'a-ter So'pbax So-pbe'ue :^o*pliieu'e-tus So'pbi-a Sopli'o-cies Soph-o-nis'ba So'phron Sopli'ro-na So-pliro'lii-a So-plironi-cus Sopli-ra-iiis'cus So-piiro'ni-us So-phros'y-iie So-pi'tlies Soo'o-lis Sta-til'i-iis fe'ti-us Tar-vis'i-ura Tel-mes'sUS.Ol-Ttl- Siiu'i-lis Stat'i-nic Sui'das Tas-ge'ti-us itns'3us ?im'mi-as Sta-ti'ra Su'i-das Ta-au'tes Tas'si-to Te'lun Si'mo Sta'li-us Su-il-la'i es Tab'a-nus Ta'ti-an Td-tUu'aa Sim'o-eis Sia-se'as Su-il'i-us Ta-be'oi Ta-ti-ett'ses F'J'^, Siui'o-is Sla-sic'ra-lc3 Su-i'o-nes Ta'bor Ta'ti-i Te-ma tlie-a SiiD-o-is'i-ii3 Sta'tor Sui-clii Tab'ra-ca Ta'ti-U3 Tem'bri-uin Steg'a-ii05 Sul'ci-us Ta-bu'da Tat'ta Tem-e-ni'a Si-mon'i-drg Stel-la'tes l"^'^ . Ia-bur'uu9 Tau-chi'ra Teni-e-m'tC3 Sim-plic'i-iiS Sim'u-lus Siel-ii-o Sul'mo, or Sulmo- Ta-ca'pe Tau-lan'ii-i Te-me'ui-uui Ste'ua na Tac-a-pho'ris Tau'DUS Tein'e-D03 Si' [DOS Sten-o-boc'a Sul-pit'i-a Tac-a-tu'a Tau-ra'ni-a Tem'e-nu3 Sim'v-ra Ste-noc'ra-lf3 Sul-pit'i-U", or Sul- Tac-fa-ri'nns Tau-ran'tes Tetn-e-rin'da Sin'dtE Steii'tor plC'i-U3 Ta-cbamp'so Tau'ri Teoi'e-sa, or Xeni*- Sin'di Steu'to-ris Suiii-uia'uus TacU'o-ri Tau-ri'a e-se Si-ne'ra Sten-y-cle'rus Su'ni-ci Ta'chos, or Ta'clius Tau'ri-ca Cher-so- TcDi'i-siis i Sin-gse'i j Sin-gu-lo'ues Sin'gu3 Si'nis So'ra Sleph'a-na Su'ui-dcs Tac'i-U ue'sns Tem-roi'ces So-r.ic'tcs, find So- Steph'a-nus Su'ui-um Tac'i-tU3 Tau'ri- &» Tem'iies rac'te Ster'o-pe Su-od'o-na Tac'o-la Taii-n'ni Tem'nos So-ra'uus Sier'o-pes Su-o-vc-tiiu-nl'i-a Tae'di-a Tau-ris'ci rem'pe Siu'na-ces Sor'di-ce Ster-sich'o-rus Su'pe-rum Ma' re Tte-dife-ra Tau'ri-um Tera'pe-a Tench-ten Siu'na-cba So'iex Ster-tin'i-U3 Sura ^-myl'i-us T:Een'a-ro'< Tau'n-us Siu'o-e So-rit'i-a Ste-sag'o-ras Su-re'ua Tten'a-rus Tau-rob'u-ius Teoe-a Si'nou So'si-a Gal'la Ste-sidi'o-ru3 Su-re'nas Tffi'ni-as Tau'ro-is Te-ne'iE \ Si-iio*pe j Si-ni>'pe-i;3 ' Sin'o-rix 1 Sin-ti'ce So-sib'i-us Stes-i-cle'a Su'ri-um Ta-e'pa Tau-rom'e-injS Teii'e-dos Sos'i-cles So-sic'ra-tes Stes-i-le'us SttT-reu'tuDi Ta'ge3 Tau-ro-niin'i-um Tene-ras Ste-sitn'bro-tiis Stben-e-Ia'i-ddS Su'rus Su'sa Ta-go'ni-U9 Ta'gus Ta-la'si-us Tau-ro-po-li'a Tau-rop'o-l*JS Te'a<8 Tcn'e-sia j Sin'ti-i 1 Sin-u-es'sT So'Sl-1 Sos'i-lus Sthen'e-le Su'sa-na Tau-ru'bu-iie Te-ne'uni Stben'e-hts Su-sa'ri-uu Tal'a-U3 Tau'rus Ten'nes 1 Sin-u-c3-5u'iiii9 ; Si-o'pe 1 Sipli'nos j Si-pou'tum, or Si'- 1 pus 1 Sip'\-lam, a7i(f Sip- 1 y-lu3 Sir'bo Sir-bo'ni3 , Si-redo- lies ' Si-re'oes ] Si'ris Sir'i-us i So-sip'a-tcr So-3ip'o-li8 So'sis So-sis'tra-tus So-sith'e-us So'si-ua Sos'pi-la Sos'tbe-ncs Sos'tra-tus Sos'xe-tra Sol'a-des Su ler So-te'res Sthe'iiis Sthe'no Su-si-a'na, or Su'- sis Ta-la'y-ra Tal'e-tuMi Tax'i-la Tax'i-!i Te'nos "Xtu'lyn^iiii Egypt) Sthen-o-bop'a Stil'be, or Stii'bi-a Stil'i-cho Su'thiil Su'in-um Sy-a-gru3 Tal-tbyb'i-us Ta'lus Tam'a-rus Tax'i-lu9, or T.ii'i- les Tax-i-maq'ui-lus Ten-ty'ra, or Tem- py'ra (i« Thrace) Te'os, or Te'i-os Siil'po Stim'i-con Syb'a-ris Sj b-a-ri'ta Ta-ma'se-a Tatu'e-sis Ta-yg'e-te, or Ta- y-gc'ta Te-ie'Uoii Te-reu'ti-a Stipb'i-lus Sti-ri'tte Sto-b^'u*i S:cecb'a-dcs Syb'e-rus Syb'o-ta Syb'o-t^is Sy-ciu'nu3 Ta-me'sis Ta'mos Tani'pi-U9 Tam'y-ras Ta'-yg'e-ius, or Xa- yg'e-ta Te'-a'nuni Te'a-rus T.--ren-li-a'iius Te-ren'li-us I'ub'- b-us Te-reu'tu3 Stoi-ci Sio'i-cus Sy'e-dra Sy'c-ne 438 Tam'y-ns Tan'a-gra Te-a'te-a, Te-a'te, or Te-ge'a-te Te're-us Ter-gem'i-iius PEONUNCIATION OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAJStTES. Tei--ge5'ie,(iMt^Tei- Tlul-u-i'ra Tlies-pi'a Tliynrbrrjii Ti-SHin'c-Tiua Tia-pe'zu« Tuc'ci-a ges'tuiii Xhtl-u-jihas'sa Thes-pi'a da; Thym'e-lD Ti-sairdiu3 Trap'e-zua Tuc-cit'u-ii» Te'ri-as Tlict-e-si'iius Tlies-pi'a-de3 Tby-Dii'a-tliis 'i i-&ai'cliu3 Tra-pbe'a Tuci-a Ter-i-ha'zus T)itl'i-nc Tiies'pi-ai TUy-niocli'a-rus Tis'dia Tras-i-iiiu'mis Tu'dtr, or Ta-dei''- IVrid'a-e Thel-pii'sa 'rhes'pi3 Thy-iinij'le3 Ti-si'a-iua Tra-Bul'lus ti-a Ter-i-d;i'tcs Tiicl-xi'ou Tlie3'pi-u3,o)TIies'- Thy-oU'ii-ibas Ti3'i-y3 Tre'ba Tu'dri 'IVr'i-fiuiii Thel-xi'o-pc tl-U3 Thy-o'iie Ti-sim'a-nea Tre-ba'ti-us Tu-m'ui, vr Tu-ge'- Te-ri'iia Them'e-LU3 Tlies-pro'ti Thy -0' lie- u a Ti-siph'o-nc Tre-bel-li-a'iius ui Ter-iueii'ti-a T)ie-nit'Si-ou Thes-pro'ti-a Tby'o-tLS Ti-sipli'o-uua Trt-bel-Ii-e'iius Tu-ga-ri'nu3 Tet'iiit-ra Thii'iiiis Tliea-pru'tua Tliy're Tis'o-bia Tre-bel'li-U3 Tu-is'to Ter'me-rus Tlic-niis'cy-i'a Tlics-sa'ii-a Thyr'e-a Tis'ea Tie'bi-a Tu-lin'Ki Ter-Hie'sus Tlieru'i-suii Tiiea-sa'li-oii Thj r-c-a'ti3 Tis-sani'e-mis Tre'hi-U3 Tul'ht Tcr-Dii-na'li-a Thc-uiis'ta Ti.es-sa-Ii'o-tes Tbyr'e-us Tis-sa-pbui'ucs Tre-bo'iii-a (Lex) Tul'lUa Ter-mi-ua'lis Tiie-iui3'ii-u3 Tlies-sn-lo-iii'ca Tbyr'i-dfs Ti-la;'a Tre-bo'iii-us Tul-li-a'auni Ter'nii-uu3 TliL-nna'to-dus Thes'aa-lu3 Tbyi-i-ou Ti'tan, or Ti-lu'- Treb'u-la Tul-li'o-la Ter'uii-sus, or Ter- Tliem-i-stug'e-iits Tlies'ta-lus Tbyr-sag'e-tic nus Tre'rus Tul'U-ua nies'sii9 Tiie-o-cle'd Tlits'te Tbyr-sag'e-lea Til'a-ii;t Ties'vi-ii Tul'lua Hoa-til'i- Ter-pan'tli^r TUe'o-clea Tbes'ti-a Thys'soa Ti-ta'ucs Trev'e-ri U3 Tcrp-sicli'o-re The'o-clus Tlies-ti'a-dee, and Thy'ua Tit-a-nc'u3 Tn-a'ri-u Tu-ne'ta, or lu*- Turp-sic'ra-le 'I'lie-u-clyni'e-uu3 TIiea-ti'a-tlc3 Ti-a'i-a Ti-ta'iii-a Tri-a'ri-U3 1113 Ter'ia The-oc'Jy-ius Thes'ti-as Ti'a-sa Ti-taii'i-dca Ti-i-bal'li Tuu'i;ii Tei-ra-ci'iia Tlie-oc'ri-tus Tlies-ti-di'um Tib-a-rc'iii Ti-ta'uus {u ffiant) Tiib'o-ci Tu-ia'tii-UB Tcr-ra-3id'i-u3 Tlie-(jira-aia3, or Tlies'ti-U3 Ti-bc'ri-aa Tit'a-iius ((( river) Tii-bu'Di Turbo Ter'ti-a Tlii-od'a-niiis Thes'tor Tib-e-ri'uu3 Tit-a-re'si-ii3 Tri-ca8'se3 Tur-de-ta'ni Tcr'li-U3 ' Tlie-o-da'niU3 Tbes'ty-Iis Tib'e-iis Tit-a-ie'su3 Tric-aa-ti'ni lur'du-li Ter-tul-li-u'nii3 Tlie-od'a-uis Thea'ty-lus Ti-bc'ri-ii3 Tii'e-nu3 Trir'cai Tu-re'aia Te'tli>3 The-o-dec'tes Tht:'ti3 Ti-bli'lU3 TiUt-e-iiid'i-a Tiich'i-uas Tii-ri-a'ao Tct-ra-co'raum Tlie-o-do'iiis Tbeu'do-tU3 Ti-be'ais Ti-tlio'iiu3 Tri-clio'iiis Tu'n-ua Tet-ra-go'iiis Tlic-cj-do'ra Tbeu'tjs, ur Teu'- Tib-i-sc'iui3 Ti-tho're-a Tri-cla'ri-a Tur'nus Tc-traj/o-lid Tet'ri-cus Tlie-o-do-re'tu3 tlii3 Tib'u-la Ti-th rails' tt 3 Tric-o-lo'iii Tu'ru-uea Tlie-o-do-n'cii3 Tlu'a Ti-bul'lii3 Tit'i-a Tri-cor'y-thus Tu'ro-iii (« people Tcu'cer Tlie-o-do-it'tus Thi-al-le'la Ti'biu- Tlt-i-a'ua Tri-cra'iia of Gaul) Tcu-fhi'ru Thc-o-do'ru3 Thi'as Tib-ur-ti'iiu3 Tit-i-a'nus Tri-cre'na Tu-ru'iii (a people Tcu'cii TliC-o-du'si-ua Tliim'bron Ti-bui'ti-ua Tit'i-es Tri-den'luiu of Gerinanii) Tcu'cri-a Tlic-ud'u-ta Tbi.oii'a-iii!i3 Ti-bm'tU3 Tit'i-i Tri-e'iea Tur'pi-o Ttuc'te-ri Tlie-o-do'ti-oii Thir-uud'i-a Ti'chia Ti-tin'i-u3 Tii-e-ter'i-ca Tu-rul'li-u9 Ttu-me't^09 Tiie-od'o-tus This'be Ticli'i-ua Tit'i-(i8 Tii-e-te'i"i3 Tus-Cii'ui-a, atul Ttu-uies'sus TUc-u-du'lu3 Tiiis'i-as Tic'i-da Ti-tor'iiius Trit-o-irtiU3 Tua'ci-a Ttu-u'fhis Tlic-o-gi'tou lliis'o-a Ti-ci'uua (a liaer) Tii'tbe'uiii Tri-gem'i-im Tus'ci Ten' la Tlic-ug-ut'tca Tbu-iiii-te'u3 Tic'i-uus [a man) Ti-tu'n-u3 Tri-go'iiuni Tu3-ca-la'mim Teu-ta'nii-ns, or Tlic-og'uis Tho-au'ti-uui Tid'i-U3 Ti'tua Tri-go'nus Tus'cu-luui Tcu'ta-iuis Tlie-oiu-ues'tu9 Tlio'aa Ti-es'su Tit'y-iU3 Tri-na'cri-a, or Tiia'cus Teu'ta-nuis TIik'uu Tlio'c Ti-fa'ta Tit'y-us Trin'a-cris Ta'ta Tcu'tas, or Teu-ta'- The'oii 0-clie'ma Tiio'lus Ti-ter'iium Tle-porc-mus Tri-ue'me-is Tu-ta'nu3 les Tiic-y'uus, fljiiiTlic- Thoiii'y-ris Tig'a-sis Tma'iU3 Tiiii-u-bau'tes Tu'tbu-a Teu'ltiras o-ui'cua Thoi. Tig-el-h'iius Tmo'lus Tri-oc'a-la, or Tri'- Tu'ti-a Teu-tliro'nc Tlie-ou'u-c Thu'nia Ti-gel'li-U3 Tocli'a-ii o-cla Tu-ti-fa'nu3 Teu-toiii'a-tu3 The'o-pc Tlio-iii'Les Ti-gra'iies Tu-ga'ta Tri'o-du3 Tu'ti-cuiu Teu'to-ui,aH(/Tcu'- TUc-o])li'a-ne Tho'ou Tig-iaii-u-cei'la To-ie'min Tri-o'uea Tu-tu-h'iia to-iics The-uiih'a-ties Tbo'o-sa Ti'gres Tol-is-lo'bi-i Th'o-pa3, or Tn'- Ty'a-na Teu-tou'i-cua Tlic-o-plia'i.i-;i Tlio-o'tes T.'gna Tol'mi-dts opa Ty-a'iie-U3, or Ty- Tha-beii'iia Tlie-opli-a-m'a Tlio-ra'ni-U9 Tig-u-ri'iji Tol'o-phuu Tri-o-pe'i-u3 a-uai'ua Tliac'co-ua Thc-oph'i-ia Tho'rax Til-n-t«'i To-lo'sa Tri-phil'lia Ty-ii-iii'tis Tlia'ia Tlic-uph'i-lua Tlio'ri-a (.Le.\) Td-a-\eriip'tu3 To-luiti'uus Tn-pbi'lu3 Ty'bris Tha'la 'I'lie-u-plirys'tua Tlior'iiiix Til-pbus'sus To'lU3 Tri-phyl'i-a Ty'bur Thal'a-mc.orTIial'- Tlie-o-pliy-lac'tus Tlior'sus Ti-mte'a To-niEc'um Tn-pliy'lis Ty'che a-iiiuj 'i'hc-u-pul'e-iiiu3 Tboth Ti-niicn'e-tu3 Tom'a-ru3 Tnp'o-di Tych'i-cua Tha-lus'si-o Tlic-o-pom'pus Tiio-u3 Ti-niib'us Toai'i-sa Trip'o-lia Tvcli'i-u3 Tlia-las'si-ua Tlie-op'ro-pus Thra'cc TUmag'e-ues To-nii'ta; Tnp-turc-niu3 Tv'de Tlia'Ies The-o'ns Tl.ra'ce3 Tim-a-gc'tes Tora'o-ii, or To- Triq'ue-trii Tyd'e-U3 Tlia-Iea'tri-a, or ■i!ie-o'ri-U3 Tliia'ci-a Ti-uiag'o-ras inu'ri Tiis-nie-gis'tua Ty-di'des Thii-lcs'tiia Tlie-o-ti'mus Tlirac'i-die Ti-iiiaii'dra To'mos, or To'mis Tri-te'a Ty-e'uis Tha-le'tes TJie-ox'e-Uii Tlira'cia l'i-muii'Uri'dc3 Tum'y-iia Trit'i-a Ty'loa Tha-le'ua Tliu-ox-e'iii-a Tbra'sc-a3 Ti-niaD'ge-liii Ton-do'ta Trit-o-ge-Li'a Tym'ber Tlia-h'a Tlit-ox-c'ui-us T]ira-8id'e-U8 Ti-mau'tbea To'ne-a Tn'ton 'l'y-ino'lu3 Tha'li-U9 Tiic'ra Thia'si-U3 Ti-niar'cliU3 Tun-gil'li-us Tri-to'nc3 Tjni-pa'iii-a Tluil'lo Tlic-raoi'ltus Tbra'so Tim-a-rt'ta To-iu'a Tn-tu'iiia Tyru-pbie'i Tlial'jii-us Tliaai'u-da Tlie-iarii'e-iiL-3 Thras-y-bu'lus Ti-nm'si-on To-pa'zo3 Tri-to'iius Tyu-dar'i-de3 TJiC-rap'ue, ur Te- 'Ibias-y-ilEc'us Tim-a-sitli*e-U9 To-pa'zua Tri-um'vi-ri Tyu'da-na Tliiiin'y-i'ii3 rap'iic Tbia-byl'lus Ti-nia'vus Top'i-i-i3, or Top'- Tii-veii'tiuu Tyii'da-rua Tliaiii'y-i'i3 Tiie'rii3 Xlira-syiu'a-cbua Tim'e-as rua Triv'i-a Tyii'iii-chus 'J'liiio'a-tus Tlie-rid'a-niaa Tliraa-y-me'des Ti-ii;e'3i-U3 Tur'e-tic Triv'i-je An'lnim Ty-plttc'us, or 'J'y'- Tliap'sa-cus Tliar-gc'li-a The-riiii'a-chus Tlirits-y-me'iiu3 Ti-iuucb'a-iis Tur'i-ni Triv'i-te Lu'cua plioii Ther'i-iius Tbre-ic'i-us Tiin-o-cle'a To-io'iie Tri-vi'cuiu Ty-pho'e-us Tluir-gib'u-Ius Tlia-n'a-iles The-iip'pi-daa Tbre-is'sa Tiiti'o-cles Toi-fiua'ta Tio'a-dcs Typb-Q-e'us Tlier'i-ta3 Thiep-sippus Ti-moc'iU-tcs Tor-qua'tus Tro'as Ty-pho'ni3 TIm'iops Tlier'ma Tbri-aiii'bua Ti-nio'crc-uu Tor'tur Tioch'a-ri Tyr-au-gi'tiE Tlia'si-us, or Thia'- Ther-iiio'don Tliru'm-uni Tini-o-de'mus Tu'lLlS Troch'o-ia Ty-raa'ui-uu Si-U3 Ther-mop'y-ki; Tliry'un Tim-(j-la'u3 Toi'y-nc Ti oe-ze'iie Ty-rau'uua Tha'sos Tlier'oiuui Thry'us Ti-mu'le-ou To-ry'nc Tiog'i-lu3 Ty'ras, or Ty'ru 'Dia'sua Tlicr'iiius 'i'hu-cyii'i-des Ti-mu'lus Tux-a-ria'i-a Tiug-log'y-tic Ty'res Tliiiii-nia'ci-a Tlit-roda-uias Tbu-is'lo Ti-iiiom'a-cbu3 Tux'e-U3 Tnjg-lod'y-tL-3 Tyr-i-da'tea Thau-iiiau'li-aa.ajiJ lln;'i'Uii Thu'Ie Ti'uiou Tox-ic'ra-to Tro'gus I'oui-pe'i- Tyi'i-i Tlmu-mau'tis Tliei-paii'der Tbu'ri-a;j or TIiu'- Ti-uu.iiBX Tox'i-li us Ty-ri'o-tC3 'J liau'mas Tlier-saii'Uci- ri-uiii Ti-nioph'a-iiB3 To-yg'e-ni Tro'ja Tyr'i-U3 Tliau-um'si-us Tliei'-ail'o-clius Tlm-n'au3 Ti-mu'tbe-u3 Tra'be-a Tro'i-lu3 Ty'ro 'ibt'a Tlier-sip'pus Tbu3'ci-a Ti-iiutx'c-uus TracU'a-Iua Tfo-ju'ge-nie Ty-rog'ly-pIiU3 TliC-ie-te'tus Thei-si'tes Thy 'a Tin'gis Tra'cha3 Tiom-eu-ti'im Ty'r03 I'he-aii'e-uts Tlies-bi'tes 'Jhy'a-dea Ti&'i-a Tra-che'a Tropb'i-mu3 Tyr-rlie'i-dse, Tyr- Tlie-a'ges Tlie-a'no ilie-se'a Tby-a-iiii'a Ti'pba Ti-a-cbiu'i-a Tro-pho'ui-ua rlic'i-des TIie-si;'i-dx Tby'a-tiiis Ti'phya Tracb-o-iii'tis Tros Tyr-rbii'ui 'riie-a'uum The-6e'i3 Tby'a-iiii Tipb'y-aa Tra-gcc'di-a Troa'su-li Tyr-rhe'nuni Tlie-ar'i'tlas Tlie-se'uni Tliy-a-ti'ra Ti-re'si-as Tra'gus Troa'fiu-lum Tyr-rbe'ima I'hc-ar'uiis Tbc'se-ius TIic'- Tliy-b:n-'ni Tir-i-lia'acs Traj-a-nop'o-li3 Trori-lmii Tyr'rbe-ua 'I'lie-a-te'tes 61- us Tby-ea'ta Tir-i-dutcs Tra ja'uus Tru-eu'tuiu,or fru- Tyr-rbi'dte Thc'I.Ee The-si'dce Thi-ea'tes Ti'ris Tial'lcs eii-U'iiuiu Tyr-ae'ta Tlieli'a-is 'i'Le-si'dea Tliy-ea-Lu'us Ti'ro Tiaiia-iil-pi'nus Tryg-o-diem'o-nes Tyr'sis Tlie-l)ii'nu3 Xlics-iuopli'o-ia T]iy'i-as Ti-ryn'Uii-a Traus-pa-da'nu3 Trypli'e-rii3 'l'yr-tK:'us Tlit'be Tlies-uu'-pbo ri-a Thyiu'bra Ti-ryu'lbus Traus-lib-er-i'na Ti'ypb-i-o-do'rua Ty'rus, or Ty'rus Tlieg-a-nu'sa TliL's-mulU'e-ia; Xbym-biie'as Ti-sa;'uiii Triins-tib-e-i'i'uua Try'pbou Tya'i-aa Tiie'i-a Thes'o-a Thyni'bi'i-a Ti-syg'o-raa Tiap'e-7.a Try-pbo'aa Tzuc'cKiiea Tlie'i-as Xlics-pe'a TliyQi'biis Ti-saiu'e-nes Trap'e-zoii Tu'be-ro II. — SuPP. 439 do — . — — __ PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPEK NAMES. )'a-gc'ui Ven'e-li Ves-ti'iiU3 ■\'it'i-i-cus Xan'tlius Zar-man-o-cbe'gas va-ge'siis Ve-ne'ti-a Vea'u-lus Vi-tru'vi-us Xiin'ti-clcs Za'thes u. Va*ha-lis Vcn'e-tua Ve-su'vi-u3 Vit'u-la X»n-tip'pe Za-ve'ces Va-i'cus Ve-nil'i-a Tes'vi-us Vo-co'ni-a (Lex) Xan-tip'pii3 Ze-bi-na Va'Ia Vcn-no'iics Vct'ti-us Vo-co'iii-nn Xe-uag'o-ra3 Ze-i-te'um IT'BI-I Val-a-mi*ju3 Ve-no'iiis Vet-to'nes, or Ve- Vo-con'ii-a Xe-nar'cbu3 Ze'lfi, or Ze'li-a U-care-goii Va'leus Ve-no'ui-U3 to'ncs Vog'e-su3 Xen'a-Ies Ze-le'a U'cu-bia Va-len'ti-a Ven'ti Vet-u-lo'ni-a Voi-a-giu'i-us Xeu'e-tu3 Ze'les r'fens Va-len-tiii-i-a'iHis Ven-tid'i-u3 Ve-tu'ri-a Vo-la'na Xe'ue-us ' Ze-lot'y-pe Ze'his r-feu-li'ua Val-en-ti'uu8 Ven-u-Ie'i-u4 Ve-lu'ri-ua Vo-lan'dum Xe-ni'a-de3 ri-pi-a'mis Va-le'ri-a Ve-nu'lus Ve'tus Vol-a-ter'ra Xe'ni-us Ze'no U'lu-biie Va-le-ii-a'nu3 Vea'u-lu3 Vi-a'ilrus Vol'cEe, or Vol gae Xen-o-cle'a Ze-no'bi-a U-IVS'S. 8 Va-le'ri-u3 Ve'iiu3 Vi-a'Iis Vol'e-sus Xeu'o-cles Ze-no'bi-i Uia'btr Val'e-nis Ve-uu'si-a, or Ve- Vi-bid'ia Vo-log'e-sc3 Xen-o-cli'tIe3 Zea'o-cles Um'bra Val'^i-us Val-leb'H-na iiu'si-um Vi-bid'i-u3 Vo-log'e-su3 Xe-uoc'ra-tea Zen-o-ch'de3 Um-bi-e'im3 Ve-pi'cus Vib'i-iis Vol'scens Xe-nod'a.niuj Zeu-o-do'ru3 Uni'bri-a Van'(la-li Ve-ra'gri Vib-i-o'iics Vgl'sei, or Vul'ci Xen-o-da'oius, or Zen-o-do'tt-a Un)-biig*i-u3 V«n-da'li-i Ve-ra'ni-H Vi'bo Vol-siii'l-um Xeu-o-de'mus Ze-nod'o-t«5 Um'bro Vau-gi'o-ues Ve-ra'ui-us Vib-u-Ie'm\3 Vol-tiu'i-a Xe-nod'i-ce Ze-iiopU'a-nc9 Uii'ca Van'ui-U3 Ver-big'e-ini3 Ver-cel'lie Vi-hul'li-ua Vo-lum'iia,nii(i Ve- Xe-uod'o-cbus Zen-o-po-si'dou Uu'chrc Va-ra'iies Vi'ca Pn'ta lum' 11 us Xen-o-do'ru3 Ze-notli'e-inis Uu-(Ie-cC(u'vi-ri Var-tlee'i Ver-ciii-get'o-i'ix Vi-cel'li-us Vo-lura'uce Fa'uura Xe-iiod'o-te.-* Ze-pbyr'i-um U-nel'U V'^a'ri-a Ve-re'iia Vi-cen*tu, or Vice'- Vo-lum'ui-a Xe-nod'o-tii3 ZepU'y-rum Un.\'i-a Var'i-cus Ve- re' turn ti-a Vo-lum'ui-u9 Xe-noph'a-ue3 Zepb'y-ru3 U'pis Va-ri'ui,ojYa-ris'ti Ver-gas-i-lau'Diis Vic' tor Vo-liim'mi3 Xe-nopb'i-lu3 Ze-ryii'tbu3 Up-sa'lum Va'ri-U4 Ver-gel'lus Vic-to'ri-a Vo-!up'ta8, and Vo- Xeii'o-pbon Ze'tlies, or Ze'tiis U-ra'ca Var'ro Ver-gil'i-a Vic-to-n'na lu'pi-a Xeu-o-pbon-ti'u3 Zeu-gi-ta'na U-ra'gii3 Va'ru3 Ver-gU'i-ffi Vic-to-ri'iiu3 VuUu-se'nui Xen-o-pi-tbi'a Zeug'ma U-ra'ui-a Va-sa'la; Ver-gin'i-us Vic-Io'ri-us Vo-lu-si-a'iiu3 Xer-o-Ub'y-a Ze'us U-ra'ui-i, or Ur.'i Vas'co-riei Ver'gi-uni Vic-tum'vi-re Vo-lu'si-u3 Xerx-e'ne" Zeux-id'a-raus U'ra-iuis Viit-i-ca'im3 Ver-gub'fc-tus Vi-en'ua Vol'u-sua Xerx'es Zeux-i-da'mu3 Ur-bic'u-a Va-li-e'nus Ver'i-las Vil'li-a (Lex) Vo'lux Xeux'es Zeux'i-das Ur'bi-cus Va-tiii'i-us Ver-o-doc'li-us Vil'U-us Vo-nia'nu3 Xi-me'ne Zeux-ip'pe U-re'um Va-tre'mis Ver-o-man'dn-i Vim-i-ua'li3 Vo-uo'nes Xi-pbe'ue Zeiix'i3 Ur'ge-niim Ve-cUi'i'es Ve-ro'im Vm-cen'ti-u3 Vo-pi3'cu3 Xu'thus Zeux'o U'ri-H Vec'ii-us Ve-ro'nea Vin'ci-iis Vo-ra'nu9 Xy'clius Zi-^i'ra U-ri'oli Vec-to'ne3 Ver-o-m'ca Vin-da'Ii-u3 Vo8'e-gU3, or Vu- Xyn'i-as Zi-c'ia U'ri-tes Ve'di-us Pol'li-o Ver-re-gi'iium ViQ-del'i-ci se'gus Xyn-o-icU'i-a Zil'i-a. or Ze'li3 TJr-sid'i-us Ve-ge'li-us Ver'res Vin-de-mi-a'tor V(i-ti-e'nus Xyp'e-te Zi-ma'ra Ur-si'nu3 Ve'i-a Ver'ri-tii3 Vin-dem'i-lor Vul-ca-Da'li-a Xys'ti-fi Zi-niy'n Us-ca'na Ve-i-a'n«s Ver'ri-us Vin'dex Ju'li-us Vul-ea'ui Zi-ol/e-ris Us'ce-miiii Ve-i-eu*tes Ver-ru'^o Vin-dic'i-u3 Vul-ca'ni-U3 Zi-pie'tes U-sip'c-tes, or V- Ve-i-en'to Ver'ta-gu3 Vin-do-nia'sa Vul-ca'itU3 Z. Zi'tha sip'i-ci Ve'i-i Ver'ti-co Vi-nic'i-us VuUca'li-u3 Zmil'a-ces Us*pi-i Vej'o-vis Ver-li-coi-'ili-a Vi-nid'i-U3 Vul-3i'iimu Zo-di'a-cu3 Us-ti'ca Ve-la'biuta Ver-tis'cus Viti'i-us Vul'so Zo'i-lus Us'ti-cas Ve-la'cnim Ver-tuiu'iuis Vin'ui-U3 Vul'tur Za-BA'TU3 Zo-ip'pu3 U'ti-ca Ve-Ia'ni-U3 Ver-u-la'iius Vip-sa'ni-a Vul-tu-re'i-ti3 Zab-di-ce'iic Zo-i-ie'uirt Ux'a-nia Vel'e-tla Ve'rug Vi-ra'go Vul-tuv'imm Zrt-bii-'na Zo'na Ux-nn'tis Ve'ii-a Ves'a-gus Vir'l)i-U3 Vul-tur'nus Za1)'u-hi3 Zon'a-ra3 Ux-el-lo-du'mim Ve-lib'o-ri Vea'bi-U9. or Ve- Vu--du'mn-ru3 ViU-tur'ti-u3 Ziic'o-rus Zopii'o-rn3 U.v'i-i Vel'i-ca su'bi-ns A''ir-gir]-U4 Za-cyii'tbua Zo-pyr'i-D Ux-is'a-mn Ve-li'ua Ves-ci-a'iiuin Vn--gin'i-a Za-grie'us Zo-pyr'i-ou U'u-ta, or U-zi'ta Ve-li'uuni Ves-cu-la'ri-u3 Vir-giu'i-iis Za'grus Zop'y-rus Ve-li-o-cas'si Ve-se'\"us Vir-i-a'thu3 X. Zid'a-tes Zor-o-as'[er Vel-i-ter'na. Ve-li'- Ves-pa-sUa'nn3 Vir-i-dom'a-nis Za-Ien'cus Zor-o-as-trc'u? V. trre, or Vel'i-tiie Ves'e-ris Vir-i-pla'ca Za'ma, or Zag'ma Zo3'i-mu9 Vel'i-tes Ve-se'vi-us, and Vir'ro Za'me-i3 Zi)3'i-iie Ve-li'trffi Ve-se'vu3 Vir'lua Xan'tiie Za-molx'is Zo3-te'ri-a Vac'ca Vel-Ia-ri Ves'ta Vi-serii-u3 Xan'tbi Zan'cle Zo-tbrau3'tc3 Vac-ca-'i Vel'le-da Ves-ta'les Vi-seriu3 Xau'thi-a Zan'lbe-ne3 Zy-gaii'tes Va-cu'na Vel-le'i-us Pa-ter'- Ves-ta'li-a Vis'tu-la Xan'tlii-a3 Zau'tbi-cles Zy-*e-na Va-dav'e-rn CUlll3 Ves-ta'bs Vi-sur'gis Xaa'lhi-cii Za'rat Zvg'i-a Vail-i-rao'u;s Te-na'frum Ves-tic'i-ns Vi-lel'li-a Xan-thip'|ie Zar-bi-e'niis Zy-'i-i VaVa Ven'e-dje Ves-til'i-us Vi-tel'li-us Xau-tUip'ptis Zar-do'cea Zy-goin'e-Ia Vag-e-dru'sa Ven'e-di Vea-til'ia Vit'i-a Xan'tbo Zar'c-tie Zy-gop'o-li3 Va-gtl'li-us Veu'e-li Ves-ti'iii Vi-tis'a-tor Xun-tbo-pu'liw Za-n-as'pe3 Zy-gi-i'Ue 440 — . : . 1 PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. RULES rOE THE PRONUNCIATION OF SCPvIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 1. In t!ie pronnnciation of the letters of the Hehrew proper names, we find rieartj the same rules prevail as ill tliose of Greek and Latin. Where the vowels end a pyllahle with the accent on it, they have their long, open sound; as, Na'bal, Jt'hu, Siyttch, Go'sJten, and Tii'bal. 2. When a consonant ends tlie syilahle, the ju'eceding vowel is short; as, Sam'u-el^ Lan'u-eU Shu'c-on^ Sol' o~mon, Sifc'eoth^ iStjn'a gof/tte, 3. Every final i forming a distinct syilahle, though unac- cented, has the long, open sound ; as, A'i, A-ris'a-i, 4. Every unaccented i ending a syllable not final, is pro- nounced like c; as, A'ri-el, Al'di-el, pronounced A'rc-el, Ab'de-cl. 5. Tiie vowels ai are sometimes pronounced in one syl- lable, and sometimes in two; as, Ben-ai'ah, Ilti'shai Ilu'rai, &c. ; or, as Sham ma-i, SJiash'ai, Ber-a-i' ah, &c., fdUowing in these, as in most Hebrew proper names, the pronuncia- tion of the Septuagint version of the Bible. 6. Ch is pronounced like h; as, Chcmosh, Enoch, &c., pronounced Kcmosh, EnoJc, &c. Chcnihim and Bachel seem to be perfectly Anglicized, as the ch in these words is ahvaj's heard as in the English words cheer, child, 7-lchcs, &c. The same may be observed of Chcriih, signifying an order of angels ; but when it means a city of the Babylonish empire, it ought to be i)ronounced Ke'mh. 7. Almost the only difference in the pronunciation of the Hebrew and tlie Greek and Latin proper names, is in the sound of the g before e and i. In the last two languages, this consonant is always soft before these vowels; as, Odlitis, Gippitis, &c., pronounced Jcllivs, Jippiiis, &c. ; and in the tirit, it is hard; as, Gera, Gerizim, Gideon, Gil- gal, Megiddo, &c. This difference is without foundation in etymology; for both g and c were always bard in the Greek and Latin languages, as well as in the Hebrew; but the latter language being studied so much less than the Greek and Latin, it has not undergone that change which familiarity is sure to produce in all languages. The solemn distance of this language has not been able, however, to keep the letter c from sliding into s before e and i, in the same manner as in the Greek and Latin. Thus, though Gchazi, Gideon, &c., have the g bard, Cedrom, Cedron, Cisai, and Cittern, have the c soft, as if written Scdrom, Sedron, &e. The same may be observed of Jgcdhariin, Igecd, Naggc, Shage, Pagiel, with the fl hard; and Ocideliis, Ociiiu, and I'hara- cioii, with the c soft, like s. 8. Gentiles, as they arc called, ending in incs and ilcs, as rhilistines, Hirites, Ilittitcs, &c., being Anglicized in the translation of the Bible, are pronounced like forniatives of our own; as, Philistins, Whitjicldites, Jacobites, &e. 9. The unaccented terininaiion nh, so frequent in Hebrew proper names, ought to be pronounced like the o in father. The a in this termination, however, frequently falls into the indistinct sound heard in the final a in Africa, ^liia, &c. ; nor can we easily perceive any distinction in this respect between Elijah and Elisha; but the final h jireserves the other vowels open, as Colhozeh, tihiloh, &c., pronounced Colhoxee, Shilo, &c. The diptbong ci is always pronounced like ee; thus Sa-mei-'us is pronounced as if written Su- wcc'us. But if the accent be on the ah, then the a ought to be pronounced like the a in/'i'/wr; as, Tak'c-ra, Tak'- f'C-nes, «tc. 10. It may be remarked, that there are several Hebrew proper names, which, by passing through the Greek of the New Testament, have conformed to the Greek pronuncia- tion; such as Aceldama, Gote'^areth, Bethphage, &c., pro- nounced A-scl'da-wa, Je-nez'a-rcth, Beth'pha-je, &c. This is, in my opinion, more agreeable to the general analogy of jironouncing these Hebrew-Greek words than preserving the c and g hard. Mules for the Quantity of the Vowels. 11. In dissyllables, with but one middle consonant, the first vowel is accented and pronounced long ; as, Ko'redi, Moloch. The same analogy is observed in the penultimate of polysyllables ; as, Balthasar. 12. \\'hen the accent is on the antepenultimate syllable, the vowel is always short, except when followed by two vowels ; thus, Jc-hos' a-phat. The secondary accent has the same shortening power when the jiriniary accent is on tiie third and tlic secondary on tie first syllable ; as, Oltw-ut'as. Bides for placing the Accent on Jlchrcv: Proper Kanics. 13. The accent of Hebrew words cannot be better regu- lated than by the laws of the Greek language. By this it is not intended that every word which is Grascized in the Septuagint should be accented exactly according to the Greek rule of accentuation. For many woids, that are purely Greek, do, when they are Anglicized, receive the Latin accentuation, instead of retaining the Greek. When the Hebrew ^vord has been Grfccized into the same nuvihcr of syllalilcs, we prefer the Latin accentuation to what may he called our own. Thus we accent Calluia on the penult, since it comes to us through the Greek Kuhvi. and because the Latins would have placed the accent on this syllable, and notwithstanding that the English ear would be better pleased with the antepenultimate accent. But when the Hebrew word does not contain the same num- ber of syll-ibles as the same word in the Greek — as Mes'o- bah, Mtira>[iix. Id'u-cl, 'iSjubAs;— it comes nnder our own analoiiy, and we ]ihicc tlie accent on ti.e nntepeniiltiniate. 14. As we never accent a proper name from the Greek on the last syllable, so, if the Greek word be accented on any other .syllable, we seldom pay any regard to it, unless it coincide with the Latin accent. Thus the word Ged-c'- rah is accented on the penultimate, because it is Gra-cized by Ttiirjta. though it is accented on the antepenultimate, and this' because the penultimate is long, and the long penultimate in Latin always has the accent. 15. All words ending in ias and iah have the accent on the i, without any foundation in the analogy of Greek and Latin pronunciation, except the very vague reason that the Greek word has the accent on this syllable. This reason is called vague, because the Greek accent has no inlluenee on words in acl, iel, ial, &c. ; as, lo-tfai'?., *A/jsj>5>.. BiXittX. x t,\ Hence the impropriety of pronouncing Messias with the accent on the first syllable. It is the broad diptliongal sound of the English ), with the accent on it, which makes the word sound so much better in English than it docs in French, or even in the true ancient Greek pronunciation. 16. The termination aim seems to attract the accent on the a only in words of more than three syllables; as E'pliraim, Miz'raim. have the accent on the antepenulti- mate, but Horona'im, Ramatha'im, &c., on the penulti- mate. This is the general rule; but if the Greek word have the penultimate long, the accent ought to be on that syllable; a^, Phai'va'im. ^xQ'uifi &c. 17. Kem'.iel, Jemucl, NemuA, and othcrwords of the same form, having the same number of syllables as the Greek words into which they are translated, ought to have the accent on the penultimate, as that syilahle is long in Greek; but Emanuel, Samuel, I.emuel,!m irrecoverably accented on the antepenultimate, and follow the analogy of the English accentuation. 18. It is plain from these observations, that the Hebrew accent is regulated by a sort of compromise between this ancient language and our own ; and the best we can do is to form a kind of compound ratio of Hebrew, Greek, Latin, aiil English, and to let each of these prevail as usage has |ieriiiitted them. 412 _J raOiNOUNCING VOCABULARY SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. TnE basis of the following Vocaliulary is that of Taylor, ia CalmcCs Dktionary of the ElUe. To this have beeu added several liundred names from Walker. In the cases in which the pronuuoiatiou of Walker differs from that of Taylor, that of Walker is added or substituted in its place. The pronunciation of Walker is not always to be preferred, nor is it followed in actual usage by the best authorities. The notation of the %'owel-sounds may be consulted below. — Ed. A. Achaidms, a-l^a'i-kua A^ee, ag'e-e Akkiib, ak'kub Achan, a'kan A^geus, ag-ge'u« Akrabbiiu, ak-r.ib'bim Acbiacbanis, ak-l;i-ak'a-ni8 Au'notbtabor, ag-notb-1a'l)or Alamnielecli, a-lam'mc-lck Aat.ah, aVliir Acliim, a'him Agrippa, a-grip'pah Alainolb. al'a-moth Anron, a'roii Acliimelcc'i, a-kim'i-lck Ai^ur, a'gur Alema, al'i'-ma Alincui;, ab'a-eue Aeliior, a'k'i-oi- Alialj a'liab Alemetb, are-iiiefli Altadiili, al)'a-dali Acliirain, a ki'ram Aharali, a-hiir'ab Ak'xanilria, al-cv-aii'dii-a Abaddon, a-liad'duii Acbiab, a'kisli Aliaral, a-hiir'al Abah, a-li'ab Aliadias, dl)-a-di'ii3 Achitob, ak'i-tob AIia3;ii, a-lias'a-i Aban, a-li'iin Aliagtlia, n-bag'Lliali Afbiropliel, a-kit'o-fcl Ahasljai, a-liaa'lia-i Allelujab. al-Ic-lu'yab or allr- Abul, a'ltal Arhmetha, ak-nie'tbah Ahasuerus. a-Iias-u-C'ius lii'jali Aliaiia, ab'a-nah Arbor, a'kor Abava, a-lia'vah Allonbacbutb, al'lon-bak'utli Aliai'im, ab'a-rim Aclisali, ak'sali Aliaz, u'lijiz Al'iiodad, al mu'dad Aliaron, ;il)'a-ron Achsliapli, ak'sbaf Aliazai, a-baz'a-i AlmondiblaiLaiui, al'moii-dib- Abba, al)'baU Aclizib, ak'zib Aliaziab, a-ba-zi'ab la-tbu'iiii Abd-t, ab'dab Acipha, asl-fah Ahbaii. ali'ban Almiig, al'nmg Abdias, ;ib-(U'a3 Acitlio, as'i-tbo Abi, a'lii Alnatliaii. al'na-tlian AlidicI, :VI)'di-eI Acua, a-kii'a Abiab, a-bi'ali Alotli, a'lotb Abcdiic^o, a-bcd'no-go Adadal), ad'a-dah Aliiam, a bj'am Alpba, alTab Al)tl, iVI.el Adadiizer, ad-ad-5'zer Aluezer. a-bi-e'zer Alpbcus, al-fe'us Abel Miiim, u'bel maim A'ladrimmou, ad-ad-rini'iiioii Abibud, a-Iii'ud Altaiieu3. al-ta-iic'u3 Aiiel Midiolatb, a'bel uie-hO'laUi Ad^iiab, ad-a-l'ah Abijab, a-la',jab Altascbitli, al-tas'kith Abesiiu. ab'be-sau Adalia, ad-a-li'a Abikam, a-bi'kara Altckoii, al'le-kon Abez, a'bez Adam, iid am Aliilud. a-!ii'lud Alvali. al'vaU Abirth, a-bi'ab Adam:di, ad'a-mali Aliiiiiaaz, a-him'a-az Aliisb, a'liHb A'lialbon, a-bi-al'ljon Ada'ni, ad'a-mi Aliiniaii, a-iii'nian Amadatlms. a mad'u-tlius Abiasapli, a-bi'a-saf Adasa, afl'a-sa Aliiinelecli, a-bim'me-!ek A mat, a'nial Al)iai!iar, a-U'i-tliar Adailia, adVtba Aliiniotb, a'lii-nio'b or a-bi'motli Ainalda, a-indrdali A'tib. u'hib Adbeel, ad-be'el Aliinadal), a-liiii'a-dab Ariiate'iv. am'a-lek Abidali. a-bidah Addi, ad'di Aliiuoam, a-liin'o-am AmalckiLeg, ani'a-lck-itcs A^iidan, ab'i dan Ader, a'der Aiiio, a-bio Amauab, a-ma'iiab or anra-jiali Aliiel, alj^-el or a-bi'el Adiel, ad'i-el or a'di-tl Aliira. a-bi'rab Aiiiririab, ani-a-rrab Abiezer, ali-i-e'zcf Aibdi, ad'i-da Abira-ii, a-lix'ram Amasa, a-nia^ali oraai'a-sab Aiiiezriie, ab-'i-cz'rite Adiiiii, a-ili'nah Abiramites, a-bi'rain-ifcs Ainasai, am-a-9a'i or a-nias'a-i Abipiil, ab'i-galii or ab'i-pal Aditlia, ad'i tba Abisamacb, a-bis'a-mak Aiiiashai, ain-a-slia'i Aliiliail, ab'i-hale Aditliaini, ad-i-tba'im Abisliabur, a-la-slia'liurora-bi'- Ani^tsliiab, a'li-a-slii'ab Aljiliu, a-lji'bu Aillai, ad-!a'i or ad'la-i pha-liur Auia'beis, am-a-tbe'is Al)ihud, ii-iiDmd Aduiab, ad'inab Abisbani, a-bi'sliam Aiiiatbis, atu'a-'bis Aitijah, a-lii'jaU AdniaUia, ad'ma-tlia Aliisbar, a-hi'sliar Ariiai^iab, ani-n-zi'ab Aliijam, a-brj im Adonai, ail'o-iia Aliitob, a-bi'tob Amen, a'liicn Abilcuc, alj-lji-le'iie Adoiii^is, ad-o-iu'aa Aliitopliel, a-bit'o-ftl Amethist, ani'c-tbist Abimael, ab-ln-ina'el AdijuibesL'k, a-doiri-be'zck Aliitul), a-bi'tub Ami, a'mi Abiniiflecb, ab-im'me-lck Aib)nij;ili, ad-o-rii'jah Alihili, ab'bih Aminafbib, a-niin'a-dab Abinadab, ab-iu'a-dab Adoiiikam, ad-o-ni kam Aldai, ali'ia Amizab;ii), a-niiz'a-bad Aliiii'mni, ab-iu'no-uiii Adoniraiii, ad-o-iii'iam AhoHli, a-lio'ali Aniittai, a-nilL'ta or a-mil-'.ii'i Abiraiii, a-bi'iam Adonis, a-do'iiis A'lobite, a-bO'liite Aaimab, am'mah Al)i3ci, ali-i-se'i Ailonizedek, a-don'i-^ii'dek Aliolali, a-bo'lab Ammi, am'mi Altiabag, ab'iji-slias or a-U'bbag Aibira. a-do'ra Aliolbali. a-bol'bah Amniiiboi, am-mid'i-oy AbislDij, a'l-b'i-sba'i Adoraiai, ad-o-ra'iin Atmliab, a ho'li-ab Aniinii:], ain'iiii-cl Aliishaliar, al)-l>i-5lia'liar Aduram, a-do'ram Aliolibab, a-bol'i-bab Amriiisbiuldiii, am-tin-3'.iad'da-i Abislialoiii, ab-bi-Hlialom Adrammelecli, ad-ram'me-lck Abolibainab, a-bo-li-bii'iiiab or Aiiiiniliii:), ani'nii-laid Aiiishua, ab-bi-sbiVah Adrainyltmm, ad-ru-mit'ii-um a-bo-lib'a-niah A'limiza'iad, a ii-mi?/a-bad Abishur, al)'i-shur Adiia, a'dii-ab Abiiniai, a-bu'ma-i Ammonites, aai'mou-itcs Aliisuni, ab'i-sum Adricl, fi'dri-el Aliuzain, a-bu7ain Aiiinumites^, am-niou-i'ic.-s A'lital, ab'i-lai Atluel, a-du'el Aliuzzab, a-liuz'aah Ami)k, a'mnk Abitub. iUri-tub Adnllam, a-diil'lam Ai, a'i Ami)rite3, am'o-rldis Abiiul, al)'i-iid or a-bi'ud Aduiiimim, a-duni'mim Aiah, a-i'ah Amtis, a'moz or fi'mos A'liicr, ab'iicr AeJias, a-e-di'as Aiatb, a-rath Ampbipobs. am-lip'u-lia Alirain, a'liram iiiieas, e-iic'as Aijaii, a-i'jab Amplias, ain'|)li-;i3 Aiisabmi, ab'sa-liuii .'Ethiopia, e-tlii-O'p'i-a Aijaletli Sbahur, adja-tetli-sba'- Arnrainile3, ain'iaiii-Kcs Abubus, a-lm'bus Aiaba, ag'a-ba bur Amrapbel, aiu'ra-lel Acaroii, ak'a-ron Agabiis, ag'a-bus Ain, a'in Am/.i, am'zl Arataii, ak'a-tau Agag. a>!ig Aioth, a-i'olb A nab, a'liab Accad, ak'kad Aiiagite, iVgag-ite Airu3, a-i'm3 AtiaU, a'nab Acel(lam;i, a-cel'da-Tnah Agareiies, aui-a-renes' Ajab, a'jab Aimbarat-b, aii-a-lia'iatli Acliaia, a-ka'yab Agate, ag'ate Ajalon, ad'ja-lon Anatab, an-a-I'ab rate, far, b;U.— Motc, Iirlp.— Vine, marinp.— Note. — Tane, yaite.— g as j ; cb a3 sh. 413 1 PRONUNCIATION OF SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. Anak, a'nak Armoni, ar-mO'tii Azepharitb, az-ze-fu'iiili Beeliada, be-eM'a-dah Anakims, an'a-kims Arnepber, ar-iieTer or ar'ne-fcr Azetas. a-zc'tas Beelsarus. be-ei'sa-rus Auammelech, a-aam'me-lek Arodi, a-ro'di or ar'o-iU Azgad. az'gad Beeltetbmus, be-el-tetb'mus Anani, an-a'm Aroer. a-ro'er Aziel, a'zi-el Beelzebub, be-cl'ze-bub Auaniali, au-a-iu'ah Arphaxad. ar-fax'ad Aziza, a-zi'zah Beer, be'er Ananias, an-i-iii'as Arsaces, iir'sa-ces Azmavetb, az'nia-vcth Beera, be-e'rah Auaaiel, a-nau'i-el Artaxenes. ar-tax-crx'es Azor, a'zor Beerelim, be-er'e-b'm or be-ei- Anath, a'uatli Ariemas, ar'te-mas Azotus, a-zo tU3 e'lim Anathema, a-iiatli'e-niah Ambotb, ar"ru-both Asriel, az-'ri-el Becri, bc-C-'ri AnatUotli, au'a-tlioth Arumab, a-ru'raab Azrikam, nz-ri'kam or az'rl-kani BeeWdbairoi, be'er-la-!iaVoy or Andromcus, an-dro-iii'kusorau- Arvi'dites, ar'vad-itea Azubah. az-u'bab or a-zii'bah be'er-Ia-ha'i-roy dron'i-kns Asa, a'sab Azur, a'zur Beeroth, be-e'rotb Anem, a'nem Asadias, as-a-ili'aa Azuran, az'u-ran Beersbeba, be'cr-she'b:ib or bc- Anes, aiies Asabe'., as'a-el Azyuiites, azl-mitcs er'sbe-bah Aneth, aneth Asaiah. as-a-I'ah Azxur, az'zur Beeshterah, bc-esb'tc-rab Anethothite, a-neth'o-tl»Ue or Asana, as'a-na Behemoth, le'be-motli an'etli-o-thite Asaph, a'saf Bekah. be'kah Aniam, a-tiiam Asara, aa'a-ra B. Bela, be'iab AotUibanus, an-ti-Ub'u-nus oi Asareel, as-a-re'el or a-sar'e-el Beiemus. bcre-mus an-ti-li-ba'nu3 Asarelab, as-a-re'Iab Belsai, bel'ga-i Autiocb, an'ii-ak Asbazareth, as-baz'a-relb Baal, ba'al Belial, be'ii-al or be>H'aI Aiitiocliis, an-li'o-kis AscaloD, as'ka-lon Baalab. ba'&l-ab lielmaim, bel'ma-ira Antiocbus, an-li*o-kus Asebia, as-e-bi'a Baalath, ba'al-atb Belsbazzar, bel-sbaz'ar Antipas, an'ti-pas Asenatb, as'e-uath Baal Hamou, ba'al buni'on Belteshazzar, bel-te-sliaz'ar Antipaler, an-ti-pa'ter Aserar, a-se'rar Baal Hanai). ba'al baQ'aii Benaial), ben-a'yah Antipatris, an-ti-patns or an- Ashabiali, asli-a-bi'ah Baali, ba'aUi or ba'aM Benammi, beu-am'mi tip'a-trls Ashael, as'ba-el Baalim, ba'al-im Beneberak, ben-eb'e-rak Antiplia, au'ti-fali Aslian, a'slmn Baalis, ba'al-ts Benejaakaii. ben-e-ja'a-kan Antotliijah, aD-to-tliijali Ashbea, asb'be-ah BaaaaJ], bi-a'aab or ba'a-na Beobadad, ben-lia'diid or beu'h-.:- Antoihite, au'toth-ite Ashcbeuaz. asb'ke-naz Baanau, ba'a-nan dad Aimb, a'Dub Asbdolhites, asb'dotli-ites Baauath, ba-a'nath or ba'a-nalh Benbail, ben-lia'il Apelles, a-pel'les Asbean, a'sbe-an Bajmias, ba-a-ni'as Benbanan. ben-ba'nan Apharaim, af-a-ra'im Asher, asli'er Baara. ba-a'rali or ha'a-rab Beninu. ben-i'nii or ben'i-nu Apliarsathcliites. a-far'satb-kites Ashima, asb'i-mab Baaseiab, ba-a-5i'nb Benjamin, beii'ja-min Apbnrsiles, a-far'sitea Ashon, a'sbon Baasbah. ba-a'sbab or ba'a-sliab Beujamite, beu'ja-niiie Apiiek, a'fek Asbpenaz, ash'pe-naz Babel, ba'bel Beuo, be'uo Aphekab, a-lc'kah Asbriei, a?b'ri-el Babylon, Bab'i-lon. Benoni, beu-o*ni or be-Qo'ui Apherema, a-teie*-ma Aslitarotb, asb'ta-roth Babylonians, bab-i-lo'ni-ans Beuui, beo-u'i Apherr-d, a-fer'ra Asbtemotli. asli'te-niotb Baca, ba'kab Benzobeth, beu-zolieth Aphiab, a-fi'ali Ashteratliites, asb-ter'ra-thites Baccburus, bak-ku'rus Bera, be 'rah Aplira, afrah Asbuath, a-3bu'ath Bachrites, bak'rites Berachab, ber-a'kahorberVkab Aphses al'sez Asliur, asb'iir Bacbuth Ailon, bak'utb aHon Bcricliiab, ber-a-ki*a ' Apocalypse, a-pok'.i-lip3 Asburim, a-sbu'rim B^goas, ba-go'as Beraiali, ber-a-i'ah , Apocrypha, a-pok'n-fah Asbuntts. asb'ur-ites Bagoi. bag'o-i Berea, be-ri-'a ApoUonia, ap-pol-6'ui-a Asibias, as-i-bi'as Babaruimte, ba-ba'nim-ite Bered, he'red Apoibs, a-poi'Ios Askelon, as'ke-Ion Baburini, ba-bu'rim Beri, be'ri Apoliyou, a-pol'yon Asmadai, as'ma-da Bajilb, bad'jitborba'jitb Beriali, be-ri'ah Appaini, ap-pa'i'ui or ap'pa-im Asltinaveth, as'ma-retb Bakbakker, bak-bak'ker Beriles. berites Appliia, afi-ah or af-Ii'ah Asmoneaiis, as-mo-ne'aus Bakbuk, bak'lmk Berilb. be'ntb AppIiHS, at'fus Asnapper, a=-iiap'per Bakhukiab. bik-buk-i'ab Beriiice. ber-ui'ce or ber'uice ' Appii Forora, ap'pM-fo'rum Asocbis, a-«o'kis Balaam, ba'lam Eei-odacb. be-ro'dak Aquila, ak'quil>lah ur ak-qail'tab Aspatlia, as'pa-tbab Bal«dati. bal-a'dan or bal'a-d-in Eerotbai, be-ro'tba orher'o-tba-i Ara, a'rah Aspbarasus. as-far'a-sus Balak, ba'lak Bcrothatb, I'e-ro'tbath 1 Arab, a'rab Asriel. as're-ei Baiamo, bara-mo Berjl, ber'ril Arabab, ar'ra-bab Assahiuoth, as-sari-moth Biilunus, bal'anus ■ Berzelns, ber-ze'iua j Arabattiiie, ar-va-ljafi-nc Assanias, as-sa-ni'as Balthasar. bal-tl.a'ssr Besai, be'sa Arabia, a-ia'bl-a Assideaus, as-si-de*ans Bamoth, bamuth Besodeiah, bes-o-di'ah 1 A rati, a'rad Assir, as'sir Banaias. bau-a-i'as Belah, be'tab 1 Aradite. a'rad-ite Assos. as'sns Bani, ba'ni Beten, bc'ten Arab, a'ntb Assyria, as-siil-d Bauuas, l>an'u-ns Bcthabara, betb-ab'a-rali Arani, a'ram Astarte, as-lar'te Barabbas, baMjibbas Bethanath, betb'a-nath Araiuitess, a-i-ara-i'lcs Asuppini, a-sup'pim Baractiel, bar'a-kel Bethanoth, betb'a-uoih Ararat, ar'a-rat Asyncritus. a-sin'kri-tas Bancbiab, bar-a-ki'ab Betbany, betb'a-ni Araunali, a-raw'nah Atad. a'tad Barak, ba'rak Betharaliah, lieth-ar'a-bah Arbab, ar'bah Atargatis, a-tar'^-Ua Atarotli, afa-rott Barcenor. bar-ce'nor Betbaram, betb'a-ram Arbatbile, ar'bath-ite Barbumites bar-bu'mites Betliarbel, betb^r'bel Arbattis, ar-bat'tis Atback, a tbak Bariab, ba-d'ab Betbaven, beth-a'ren Arbite, ar'bite Atbatab, a(b-a-i'ah Barjesus, liar-je'sus Bethazmavetb, betb-iz'raa-vetb Arbonai, ar-llat bairn. Ijetb-dib-la- Arcbippus, ar-kip'pu3 AttiUiah. at-ta-li'ab tim'e-u3 tbaim Arcbites, ar'kitC3 Atlharates. at-thiir'a-tes Banicb, ba'ruk Bethel, beth'el Arcturus, ark-tu'ras Augia, aii'gi-a BarzUlai, bar-zU'la-i Betbemek, beth-e'mek Areli, a-re'ii Augustus, au-gus'tus Bascama„ bas'ka-ma Betbesiia, betb-es'dah or be Arebtes, a-re'lites Auruiiitis, a«-ra-ui'tis Basban. ba'sbau thes'dah Areopagite, ar-e-op'a-gite or a- Aurauus, au-rii'uu» Basbemath, basb'e-mith Betbesel, betb-e'iel ! re-op'a-gite Auteus, au-te'us or au'te-us Busmatb, bas'matb Belbg;ider, betli-;:a'dcr 1 Areopagus, ar-e-op'a-gus or a- Ava, a'vab Bastai, bas'ta-i BelliL'amul. betb-^a'mul ' re-op'a-gus Avaran. ava-ran Batane. hat'a-ne Hetlibaccerim. belh-hak'ce-rim 1 Ares, a'rez Aven, aven Batbaloth. batb'a-loth Betbbaran, betb-ba'ran | Aretas, a-re'tas Avinis. a vims Bathrabbim, bath-rah'bini Belbhoglib, beili-bog'lah | ' Arsoh, ar'gob Avitli, a vitb Batbsbebah. batb-sbc'bab or Bethhoron, betb-bo'ron 1 1 Aridni, a-iid'rf-i Azaelus, az-a-e'los batb'-'^be-bHh Betbjesimotb, betb-jes'si-motu 1 ! Aiidalba, a-nda-tbah Azaliab, az-a-ft'ah Batbshua, bath'sbu-a liethlebaotb, betb-Ieb'a-otb Ariel), a-ii'cb A/apbion, a-za'plii-on Biivai, bav'a-i or ba-va'l Bethlehem, betb'le-bem Ariel, a'ri-el Azara. ai'a-ra Bealiab, be-a-Ii'ah Betblomon. betb-Io'mon Arinialliea. ar'i-ma-tlie'ah Azareel, az-a-re'el or a-za're-el Bealotb, he-a'lotb or be'a-lotb Betbmaacab, betb-ma'a-kah i Arioch. a'ri-ok Azanab, az-a-ri'ali Bean, be'an Betlimarcabotb, betb-mar'ka- Arisai, a-ris'a-i Azarias. az-a-ri'aa Bebai, beli'a-i both 1 Anstarduia, ar-is-tai'kus Azaz, a'zaz Becber, be'ker Betbmeon, betli-me'on \ Aristobulus, ar-is-ttnbu'lns or Azazel, a-za'zcl Becborath, be-ko'ratb Bellinirarab. betb-nim'rah i ar-is-tob'u-lu9 Azaziab. az-a-zi'ab Beclitilctli. bt;k'li-lclh Betboron, betli-6'ron [ \rmageddou, ar-ma-ged'dun Azbatareth, az-baz'a-retb Bedaiali bed-a-I'ati Betbpalet, beth-palet Armenia, ar-nie'ni-a Azekab. a-ze'kah Bedrtd, be'dad Bethpazzer, betb-paz'zer Armisbndai, ar-ni'-shad'a-i Azeni, a'zem Bedau, be'dun Betbpeor, belii-pe'or Fate , far, bat.— Mete, lielp.— Pine, marin 4 e — >"6te. -Time, uni'.e.— g as j; cb t4 as sh PKONTJNCIATION OF SCRIPTURE PROPER KAMES. 1 Betlipliase, betli-fa'gc or betb'- Carlmucle, kar'bun-kri Cloe, Uo'e Dodai, do-da'i or dod'a-i l-'ige Carchamts. kar'ka-mis Cnidus, iii'dus Dodanim, do-da. mm or dod'a- Bdhphelet, betli-fe'let or betli- Carcbemisli, kav'ke-misU Colhozeb, kol-bo'zeh nim te-Iet Careali, ka-re'ab Collms, kol'li-us Dodavah, do-da'vab or dod'a-vab Uetlirabiih, betli-rii'bab orbeth'- Carkas, kar'kas Colosse, ko-los'se Dodo, (16'do ra-ltab Carniel. kiir'mel Colossians, ko-iosh'i-ans Dueg. do'eg Belhiebob, beth-ieliob orbetb'- Carmelite, kar'mel-ite Conaniab, ko-na-ui'ab Dopbkab. (Ifjf'kah re-hob CarmeJitess, kiii^mel-i-tess Couiab, ko-ni'ah Dorcas, dur'kas Betlirapba, belh'ra-fa or betli- Carmi. kar'mi Corbe, kor'bii Uorymencs, do-rim'e-nes ra'lJi Caniaim, kai-'na-im Core, ko're Dositheus, do-si-tlie'us Bttlisaida, beth-sa'dali or belb- Carsbena, kar-she'na Coos, kO'os Dutbaini, do-tlia'im or do'Lha-ini sii'vdii Casipliia, kas-si-Ii'ab or ka-sifi- Corinth. kO'rintli or kor'inth Dotbau, do'tbau Betlisbciiii, betb-alie'an ab Coiiutbiaus, ko-riulb'i-ana Drachma, diak'inali Betiishfmcsli. beth-sliu'mesh or Casluim, kas-Iu'im, C'u-ueUus, kor-ue'li-us Drusilla, diu-sil'lah belb'sbe-niesh Cassia, kasb'i-a Cusam, i-ozani Dumab, du'mah Betlislieiiiiie, bttli'sbp-niite Catbuatli. ka-tbu'alh Coziji, kiz bi or koz'ui Dura, du'rah Bctlishittiih. fielb-sblL'tab Cedroii, ce'dron or ke'drou Cresceus, kres'ceus Detbsimos, bctli-si'mos or betli'- Ceilaii, ce'lan or ci'lan Crete, krele si-mo3 Celenii;i, ce-le-mi'a Cietes, kretes E. Belhsura, betli-su'ra Cenclirea, ceu-kre'ab Cretians, kre'slii-ana Bctlitapptia, betb-tap'pu-ah Cendebeus, cen-de-be'us Crispua, kris'pua Ikthuel, betb-u'el or bc-tliu'cl Cepbas, te'fas Cubit, kii'bit Eanas, e'a-nas Bethul. be'tbul Cesarea, ces-a-re'ah Cusbau Hishatbaiin, kusli'an Etial, e'bal Betbulia, be-tbu-!i'a Cbadias, ka'di-as rish-a-tba'im or ku'sbaii Ebed Melech. e'btd me'lek or e- Betolius, be-ioTi-us Cbakedoiy, kal'ce-do-iiy rish-a-tba'ioi bed' me-Iek Rel lioiiiestbaru, bet-o-nies'tliara Cbalcol, kai'kol Cusbj, kush'i Ebenezer, eb-eu-e'zer Betoiiim, bct'o-nira Cbaldea, kal-de'ab Cutbab, kuth'ah Eber, e'ljer lieu\iib, bu'lab or lie-ii'lah Cbamelion, ka-nie'li-on Cutbeans, ka'the-aua Ebiasaph, e-bi'a-saf Bezai, be'zai Cbanes, ka'nez Cyprus, cy'prua Ebronah, eb-ru'naU ore-bro'nab Bezaleel, bez-a-Ie'el or bez-al'eel CbaQniiiieas, ka-nn-ne'na Cyreue, c^-re'ue Ecauus, e-ka'iiU3 Bezek, be'^ek Cbaraatbalar, kar-a-atb'a-lar Cyrenius, cy-re'ni-us Ecbatana, ek-bat'a-na 1 Biatag, bi'atas Characa, kar'a-ka Cyrus, cy'rus Ecclesiastes, ek-klc-ze-as'tcs Bicbri, bik'ii Cliarasliini, kar'a-sbim Ecclesiasticus, ek-kle-ze-as'ti- Biylbai)a, bij;'tba-na Cbarea, ka're-a kus Bi^vai, bi;r-va'i Cbanan, kar'ran D. Edar, e'dar Bileam, bil'e-nm Cbaseba, kas'e-ba Eden, e'deu Biigai, bil-i;a'i CItebav, ke'bar Edias, e'di-as Bitiea, biu'e-a Cbederlaomer, ked-er-bVo'raer Pabarkit, dab'a-rcb Edom, e'doni Binuui, biii'nu-i Cbelal, ke'hi DHbliasiieth, dab'ba-sbeth Edomites, e'dom-Uea Birzavitli, bir-za'vith or hii'ia.- Clielcias, kel'sbi-as or ktl'ci-as Daberath. dab'e-ratb Edrei, ed're-i vitU Cbelleb, kel'Jeb Itabria, da'bri-a Eglah, e^'lali Bitbiab, hitli-i'ah Clielubai, ke-lil'ba Dacobr, da-eo'bi Eglaim, eg-la'im or eg'la-im Bitbron, billi'i-on Clieluliar, ke-lu'ljar Daddeiis, dad-de'u3 Ehi, c'bi Bitbynia, bi-tbin'i-a Ctiemarim?, kein'a-rims Da;;on, dri'f;on Ekrehel, ek're-bel Bi?jotbi!ib, biz-jo-thi'ali Cbemosb, ke'mosb Daisaii, da'san Ekron, e'kron or ek'ron Bizjutlijali, liiz-jolb'jab Cbenaanab, ke-na'a-naU Dalaiah, dal-a-i'ab Ekroniles, ek'rou-itcs Boatier^cs, bo-a-ner'gez Clienaiii, ken'a-ni Dalilali, dal'i-lah Etadab, el-iidab or el'a-dab Boaz, bo'az Clieiiaiiiab, ken-a-iii'ah Dalnianutba, dal-ma-nu'tbah Elab, e'lah Bocbcrii, bok'er-ru Cbepharbaamniouai, ke'far-ba- Dalmatia, dal-nia'sbi-a Elamites, e'lam-itcs Bucbim, bo'kim am'o-na Dalpbon, dal'fon Elasab, el-a'sah or cl'a-suh Bosor, bo'zor Cbepbirab, keM'rah Damaris, dam'a-ris Klbelhel, el-belb'el Bozcz, bo'nez Cberan, ke'ran Damascenes, dam-a-seens' Elcia, el'ci-a Bozrah, boz'iab Cbereas, kc're-as Damascus, da-mas'kus or da- EUlaab, el-daah or el'dn-ah Bri{.'andine, brig'au-dine Cheretbims, ker'etb-ims rn as'k us Elcad, e'le-ad Bnkki. bukki Cberettiitbes. ker'etb-ites Danites, dau'ites Elealeb, el-c-a'leh or e-le-aUh 1 Bill, bill (as dull) Cheiitb, ke'ntb Danjaan, dan-ja'an Eleasah, el-e-a'sah or e-le'a-sab Bunab, Itu'nali Cherulj (a city) ke'rub Dauubratb, daii'o-brath Eleazar, el-e-a'zar or e-le-a'zwr Bunui, buii'iii Cherub (a spirit) cber'ub Dara, da'rab Eleazurus, e-le-a-zu'rus Buzi, bu'zi Cherubim, cber'u-bim Parda, dar'dab Elclolie, el-eru-he or el-c-lO'bc Buzite, buz'ite Chesalun, kea'a-lon Cbesed, ke'sed ChesuUoth. ke-sul'loth Danan, da'ji-an Darius, da-ri'us I'arkon, dar'kon Elepb, e'lef Eleutiierus, e-leu'llic-rus Eleuzai, el-eu-za'i C. Cbezib, ke'zib Dalban, da'tban Elhaynau, el-ba'nau Cliidon, ki'don Datlicmab. dallre-mab Eli. e'li Cbileob, kil'e-ab Debir, de'ber Eiiab, e-li'ab Cahul, ka'biil Cbilioii, kil'i-oii or ki-H'on Deborah, de'ho-rah or dub'o- Ehada, c-lia-dali C:ides, ka'des CbilDiad. kil'mad rali Ebaduu, c-li'a-duu Cfcsar, ce'zar Cliimliam, kim'liam Decapuli, de-kap'o-li Eliah, e-li'ah Caiapbas, ka'a-fas Cbiunereth, kiu'er-eth Decapolia, de-kap'o-lis Eliahba, e-li'ab-ltab Cain, kaiii Chios, ki'os Dedan, de'dan Eliakn, e-ll'a-kah Cainan, kfi'iian or ka-i'iian Cbisleu, kis'lu Dcdanini, dcd-a'nimorded'a-nini Kbakim, e-ii'a-kim Cairites, kdi'ritcs Cliislon, kis'Ion Debavites, de'lia-vites or de-ba'- Eliali, e-li'a-Ii Calah, ka'lab Cliislotti, kis'loih vites Kliam, e-li'am Caliimolalug, kal-a-muIVlus Cliisloth Tabnr, kis'Iolb ta'liov Dekar, de'kar Elias, e-li'as C^binius, ka,!'a-n»u3 Cbittim, cbit'tim or kit'tiiu Dclaiab, dcla-rah Eliasapb, e-li'a-saf Cnlcol, karkui Chiun, ki'un Deblah, del'i-lah Eliasliib, e-Ua-shib Caldees, kal-deez' Cbloe, klo'e Dtmas, de'mas Eliasis, e-li'a-sis Caleb, ka'lcb Cborasban, ko-ra'shan Dcnietiius, de-me'tv*i-u3 Eliatliali, e-li'a-lbali Cnlitag, kal'i-tna Cborazin, ko-ra'tin Derbe, der'be Eliazar, c-li-a'zar Culneb, kal'nch Chosameus, kos-a-mc'us Deuel, de-u'el or de-u'el Elidad, e-a dad Calvary, kal'va-ri Chozeba, ko-ze'bah Deuteronomy, deu-ter-on'o-Dii Eliel, e'li-el Camby'ses, kani'Lisez Cbronicles, kron'i-kles Diana, di a'nah EUenai, e-li-e'nn-i Camoii, ka'mon Chrysolite, kris'o-lite Diblaim, dib-la'ira or dib'Ia-im Eliezer, e-li-e'zei- Can a, ka'nnb Cbrvsoprasus, kris-op'ra-sus Diblath, diU'lath Eliliorepb, el-e-bo'ref Canaan, kS'uiiU Chub, kub Dibon, di'bon Elihu, e-li'hu Canaanites, ka'nan-itca or kan- Cbusa, ka's«h Dibri, dib'ii Elijah, e-li'jah an-ites Chusban Risbatbairo, kusb'an Dil)zabab, dib'za-bab Ebka, c-li'kab or el'i-kah Cannanilisb, lia-nan-l'lisb risb-a-tlia'im Didracbm, di'diam Elimelecb, e-Um'e-!ek Candace, kan-da'ce or kan'da-ce Cilicia, cil-isb'i-a Didjnius, did'i-mus Ebni, e'lim Cannpb, kan'ncb Cinneretli, cin'ner-etb Dilean, di'Ic-an or dil'e-an Elirenai, eU'ie'ua-i or e-le-C'iia-i Canticles, kan'ti-kels Cirama, cir'a-ma Dim on, di'mon Elionas, e-b-6'iias Capernaum, ka-ptr'na-uin Cisai, cis'sa-i Dimonab, di-mo'nfih Elipbal, en-lal Cnpliarfalama, kaf-ar-sal'a-mah Citberus, ciib'e-rua Dinaites. di'na-ites Elipbaleh, c-Ura-Ieh CapbenuLlia, ka-len'a-tba Clauda, klan'dab Dinbabali, din-ba'b.ib Elipbalet, e-hJ'a-Iet Capbira, ka-fi'nib Claudia, kbiw'di-a Dionysius, dy-o-nisb'i-us Elipbaz, el'li-faz or c-li'faz Capbtor, kaf'tor Clandius. klaw'di-us Diotrepbes, di-ol're-ftz or di-ot- Eh8a?iis, el-i-sje'u3 Cjiplitorini, kaf'to-vim Clcasa, kle-a'sa re'fez Eiiseus, el-i-se'uB Ciiiipadocia, kap-pa-do'sK-a Clemfiiit, kle'nient or klem'ent Disbaii, di'sban Elisha, c-li'sliah Carabasion, kar-a-ba'zi-ou Cleophas, kic'o-taa Dizahab, diz'za-lmb Elisbama, e-lish'a-mah I'at B, far, bat— Mete, help.— Pine, raariu e.— Note.— Tune, unite.— g as j; 6h as 8h 44 5 PRONUNCIATION OF SCRIPTUEE PROPER NAMES. Elisliiipliat, e-lish'a-tV.t Elisheba, e-Iisli'e-!iaii Elisiiim, el-i-sliu'ah Kliaimu*?. e-lisi-iBU3 Eliu, c-li'u Kliud, c-h'uj Eliziiphiin, e-liz'a-faa Elizui', e-ii'zur Elkiuinli, el-kauah or el'kn-uali Elkoshite, elko-sliite tUasar, el-lasar or el'iii-sar ElmoJaui, el-mo'iiaui or el'mo- Jaiu Ehiaani, el'na-am Ehmtlmn, el-iiathan or el'ua- ttinn Eloi, el'o-hi Elou, e'lnn Eloii Bethhaaaa, e'lon betli'lia- uiiu Elonites, e'lou-ilea Elotli, e'iotli Elp:i:il, el-pa'al or el'pa-a) Elpalet, el-pa. let or ei'pa-Ict Elpaiaii, ei-pa rail or t:rpH-r:in Eltcketi, el-te'ke!i or el'lc-keli Kltekon, el'te-kon Ettoliil. el-tul'ad or ei'to-ltiU Elul. e'lu! Etu^ai, e--u'/a-i_ Elj'iuais, el-i-ma'ia Erymas, el'i-mjis or c-li'mas Elz;ibaJ. el'za-liad Elzaplian, el-za't'an or el'zft-faii Emalcut-1, e-uia'-ku'L-l Emiinuel, e-man'u-el Eniims, e'uiinis " Emmau3, eiu-nuViis or em'nia-us Emmnr, eiu'mor Eii;im, e'uaiii Eneas, e-ue'as or e'ne-as Eiieglaini, eii-eg-la'im Eucmessar, eu-e-mes'sar Eueuias. e-ue'ui-as Eiiganiiim, ea-j:au'i)im Eu^etli, eu-ge'di or eu'gc-di Eiiliadtlah, en-liaU'dali Euhakkore, en-bak-ko-rc Euliazor, eii-lia'zor Eiiiuisbpat, eu-mish'p:it Eiiocli, e'u'tk Enrimmon, en-rim'raon Eiirogel, eii-rO'gel Euslu-mesb, eu-sUe'mesb or eii'- sbu-mesb Kulaiipuab, en-tap'pu-ali > paplirua, ep'a-fras Epaphroaitus, e-paf-ro-ili'tiis Epeiietus, e-pe-ue'tus or e-peu'c- tiis Epbiib, e'fa!i Epliai, e'fii Eplies llaumii'ii, e'fcs dam'uiiu Epliesians, e-le'zlii-ans Epbesus, ef'Ic-sus Epidal, Cfb.l Epbod, e'fud KpliplKitlia. effa-tbah Ephriiiiu, efra-im or cTra-iiu Kpbraiiuites. e'fia-im-itcs Kpbratrtb, ef'r;i-tali Epbrath, ei'iatb Epliralhites, efrath-itea Eplirou, e'frott Epicuriaus, ep-e-ku'ri-aLS Eraii, e'ran Eraiiiles, e'ran-ites Erastus, e-ras'lus Erecli, e'rck Esaias. cE-^a'j"S or e-z.i'yns Esiir Hnddou, e'sar liad'iion Esau, c'saw Esdreloii, cs-dre'loa Esebon, es'e-boii Esebrias, e-se'bri-aa Esek, e'sek Esbbaal. esb-ba*al or esh'bii-ul Eslicol, esb'kol Esliean, esb'c-an or e'sbe-an Esbkulon, esh'ka-Lou Eslitiud, esh'ta-ol Eslilaulites, esb'taw-Iites Eslitemoa, esii-tem'o-ab Eslitciiiotb, esh'tc-motb Esli, es'il Esmacbiab, c?-ma-krah Esura, c-so'ra Esrom, ea'rom Esseues, cs-sceus' or es-se'ues Estliaol, e>'tb:i-ol Esiher. es'lcr Etiim, e'tam Elliauiui, etii'a-uiiii Etbbaal. elb-liaal or eUi'ba-al Ellier, c'tber Ethiopia, f-tli'i-6'pl-a Etbiiau, etlrimu Euasilms, ii-as'i-bus Eiibulus, u-bu'lus Euiiatliaii, u 'ua-lbnii Euuice, u-ui'se orii'uise Euudias, u-o'di-;is Euphrates, u-fra'tes Eiipoltmus.^Npol'c-iiun Eurnclydon, iT-rok'k-doa Eiit}clius, u'li-kus Eve, eve Evi, e'\i Evil Mirodach, e'vil mc-rS'dak Exodus, e\'o-dii3 Ezar, e'zar Ezbai, ez'ba-i Ezecbias, ez-e->;l'ft9 Ezekias, ez-e-kiVs Ezekiel, e-ze'ki-el Ezel. e'zel Ezerias, ez-c-ii'a3 Ezias, c-ii'iia Ezion, c-zi'i'H or e'zi-on Eziou Gebcr, c'zi-on ^c'bcr Ezraliite, ee'ra-liite Ezriel, ez'n-cl Ezrouiles, e^'ron-itcs Felix, (e'lix Festus, ft's'tus Eorliuialus, for-tu-na'tua G. Gaaf^ ga'id Gaasb, tifi'aali Gaba, ga'lm Gabael, g;ib'a-cl Gabbal, gab'I'a or gab'ba-l Gabbatba, gab'ba-thaU Gabrias, giVbri-as Gabriel, gi'bii-el Gad;irn, g-id'a-m Gadareuca, gad-a-reeus* GaOdes, gail'des GasUli, gad'dv Gaddiel. gad'di-el Gadr, ga'di Gadites, gad'itea Gaius, gajus Guladad, i:al'a-daJ Galal, ga'lal Gatatia, ga-!a'slii-a GalbHUUni, gal'lia-unm Galeed, gal'e-td Galgala, gal'ga-la Galileans, gal-li-le'ara Gfililce, uai'li-leu Gallio, gal'li-o Gamael, gam';i-el Gamalif!, ga-nia'le-el Gauniiadiriis, garn'ma-il^ud Gamul, jia'mul Gareb. ga'ieb Garitiru, gar''i-zim Gasbniu, gasli'mew Gatam. ga'taiu Gatbheplier, gath-bcTer Gatliriiiimuii, gatU-riiu'uioii Gaza, ^a'zah Gazal>ar, gaz'a-bar Gazara, ga-za'ra Giizatliites, jia'zuth-ilc3 Gazera, ga-ze'ra Gazez, ga'zez Gazites, gaz'itcs Gazzani, gaz'zaiu Gebal, ge'l.al Geber, ge'ber Gebiii), ge'bini Gedaliah. ged-a-U'&h Geder, ge'der Gcderab, ge-de'rah Gederatbite, gc-de'ratli-ite Gederite. ged'e-rite Gederotli, ge-de'rulh Gcderotbaiiii, ^e-dei-utb-a. im Gehazi, ge-ba'a Geiilotb, ge/i-lutli GeuiiUb, gc-iiiai'li Gemariab, geiii-a-ri'ali Genc.*arclb, gc-iies'n-rctli Genesis, geu'e-sis GeneZiir, ge-nc'zar Genneus, geii'nc-us or geu-iiC'us Gentiles, gen'Ules Geuubdtb, geu'u-bathor ge'uu- bath Gera, ge'rah Gerasa, ger'a-suli Gergasenes, ger-ga-seens' Gerg:isln, ger'ga-s!i Gergasliites, ger'ga-shitcs Gerizim, ger're-ziui Gerneati?, ger-re'aiis Gerriniau?, ger'riu-i-ans Gersboni, ger'sliom Gesheni, gc'sl em Gesliuri, gesl/'j^-ri Gesburite?, Ljesb'u-ritea Geiher, ge'thtr Getliolia3, getb-o-ii'as Gelbsemaiie, getli-sem'a-ue Gcuel, ge-u'el Gezer, ge'ier Gezerites. ge'zer-ites Giab, gi'ah Gibbab, gib'bali GibbetUon, gib'bc-tliou Gibea, gib'e-ab Gibeatb, gib'c-ath Gibeon, gib'e-ori Gibeoiiitcs gib'e-on-itcs Giblites, gib'lites Giddalti, gid-iIiU'ii Giddei, gid'dcl Gideon, gid'e-on Gideoni, gid-e-o'iit Gidom. gi'dom Gier, gi'er Gibon, lii'lioii Gilalai, gd-a-la' or gii'a-la Gilbo:i, gil-bO'ab or gik'bo-ah Gilead, gil'e-ad Gileadite, gil'e-ad-ite Gilgal, gil'gal Gilob. ^i'lo Gilonite, gilo-uito Gimz", gini'zo Ginatb, gi'nalh Giiiiielho, gui'uc-tho Girgasbitfs, gii'ga-sbitcs Girgasitc, gir'tra-stte GiUaini, gii-:a'im or gil'la-im Gittites, git'iilcs Gizonite, gi'zo-uite Gnidus, ni'dus Goalb, go'ath Golan, go'lan Golgotba, gt rgoih-ah Guhah, go-ii'ali Corner, go'ine*- Gcuiorrab, ^o-mor"iali Gopher, go'ler Gosiicu, Go'slicn Gothoiiiel, go-Uiou'i-el Gnzan, go'z'iu Gretia, Grcslii a Greece, greece Gudgodnh, gud'gn JaU Guiii, gu'nl Gumtts, giiiiitcs Gurbaul, giu-ba'til H. Hamiashtabi. l.a-d-babli'ta-ii Hiibaiali, lia-lia'jali Ilabakkuk, hab'a-kukor ha-bak'- uk Habaziiiiah, hab-a-zi-ui'iili Habergeon, ha-ber'yc-uu Habur, ba'bor Hacbaliab, hak-a-^iah Hiiclieiiib, hak'e-hili Hathmoui, liak-Uio'iii or Iiak'- nio-ni Iladad, lia'dad Hadiidezer, bad-ad-c'zer Ilatlad Hininiou, lia dad rim'mon Hadar, ba'dar Hadarezer, liad-a-ie'zer Hadiisliali, liad-a'sbah or had'a- sbali Uadassali, ha-das'sili Iladaitali. ha-dal'laii Hadid. ba'did Hadlai, had'ia-i Hadoram, Iia-dO'rara Hadracb, ba'drak Hagab, ba'gab }Iagabah. Iiag'a-buli Ha^HJ, lias'a-i Hagar. lii'gar Hagareaes, hag-a-reeus' or ha- gH-reens' Hagarites. ]ia'gar-itc3 Haggai, hag'ga-i Haggeii, liag'ge-ii llaggi, ha^'gi Haggiuh, liag-vrnh Haggites, baji'gitts Haggith, hag'gith Hhi, liai Hakkaian. Iiak'ka-tan llakbtiz. bak'koz Hakupha, bak u'fnli or ha-ku- fah ITalac, lia'lak ilali, l.a'.i llalielujait, hal-Ie-lii'yah or -jab Halloe^u, lial-lu'esU Ilanian, ha'niau Hamaib, ba'math Haiiialhite, batn'atli-ite Harnath Zob:ib, Iia'iuath zo'bah Hatiieleth, baure-kth Haniitat. Iiani'i-tal Hammedatha, ham-med'a-tbali llHinmelecli, liam'nie-lck Hamniolekelb, liaiii'Diu'le-keth or liam-uiol'e-kcth Hanioiiah, Laiu-u'nali or hani'o- nali ITamongog, lia'nion-gog Haniotlidor, ba'molh~dor Haaiuel, ba-nuVtil Haiuul. ha'inul Ilaiiuital. ha-niu'tal lluuauieel. ha-naui'e-el Hanau, ha'naii Hauaueel, ba-uan'c-el or han'- nan-e-el Hauani, ha-uii'iii Ilananiab, liau-a-nrah HaiKs, ba'iiez Haniel, luVm-cl Haimathou, hau'im-tlion Hauiiiel, liau'ni-el Hanocli, lia'uok Ilanuchites, ba'nok-itcs ITauuu, ha'iiuu Ilapharaiiii, haf-a-ra'im liara. ba'rali Haradah, har'a-dali Haraiab, har-a-i'ah Ilararitc, lia'ra-nte Harbonali, hiir-bO'uah or hai'bo- uaU Hare pi I, Iia'ref Ilaretb, ha'rctti Haihaiab, biir-liH-i'ah Harbata, hiir-ba'tah or liiir'ha- tab Hariiu, ba'rim Harnepher, har-ue'fcr or biir'ue- fer Harod, lia'rod Haroeh, bar'o-cb Harorile, ba'ro-iite Hari'slieth, har'o-sbclh Harsha, hiir'sliah Haruiii, ba'runi Haruaiaph, ba-ru'iuaf Haruphite, ba-rulitc Haruz, ba'ruz Hasadiah. baz-a-di'a!i Hasenuah, baz-e-nuKli Ha^tiabtati, ba«Ii-a-bi'a!i HasUabuah, hasb-ab'nah Haslialiuiah, hash-ab-niaU Hiislibaiiain, hash-bad'a-nali Ha^liem, ba'^buiii Hasliinonali, liasli-mo'nah Hasbub, basb'ub Ilitshubab, bash-u'bHli Hasbuni, bash'um Hasliupba, Iia-shu'fah Hasseiiaah, has-se-na'ah Hasupba, Uas-u'lali or ha-su'- lah Hatach. batak HatbatU, ha'thalli Faic. lUr, bat,- -Mete, belp.— Pine, marine. - 446 -Note.— Tune, nnite.— g as j ; ch as sh. PRONUNCIATION OF SCKIPTURE PROPEK NAIHES. Hatita, liafi-tah Hattaarnli, Imt-ta'a-vali Hattipha, Imt'ti-fali or Imt-U'J'ali ITauran, liaw'rau Haviliiii, tia,\'i-lah Havoth Jair, ba'votli ju'ir Hazacl, liai'a-el or ha-zil'el Hazaiah, lia-zd'yali Hazar Hatticon, lia'zar liat'li- koii ITazarotli, ha-zii'roth Haze^Elponi, lia'zel el-po'n'i Hazerim, liaz-c'rim or lia-ze'rim Hazerotli, baz-e'roth or ha-zc'- loth TTazezoD, liaz'e-zon Haziel, liaz'i-el Hazor, liazor Hazubal), bazu-bah Hebtr, lic'liet^ Hebeiiles, be'ber-ites Hebron, be'bron Hebroiiitcs, be'bron-itcs Hegai, he-ga'i or heg'n-i Hcge, he'pe Helah, be'lab Helchiali, bel-ki'aii Helilai, bel'da-i Heleb, be'leb Helekites, be'lek-ites Helepli, be'lef llelkai. )iel'ka-i Helkath Hazzurini, bel'katb liat'- \i-rim Helkias, be!-ki';i3 Helon, lie'lou Heman, be'man Hena, lie'iiab Henadad, licn'a-dad Henocb, be'nok Hepber, be'fer Heplierites, bcTer-itea Hepiizibah, het'zi-liah Heres, bc'res Hernias, ber'iiias Hermes, lier'mes Hermogenes, ber-mog'e-ncs Hermonites, ber'moii-ites Herod, ber'rod Herodians, be-ro'di-nns Herodias, bc-ro'di-as Herodioii. be-ro'di-on Hesed, be'scd Heshbon, hesh'lion Hezeki, !iez'e-ki Hezekiab, bez-e-ki'iib Hezion, iie'zi-oa Hezir, lic'zer Hezrai, liez'ra-i Hezron, liez'ron Hczroiiitea, bez'ron-itefc Htddai, bid'da-i Hiddekel, bid'dc-kcl Hiel, bi'cl Hierapolis, !ii-er-rap'o-bs Iliereel, bi-er'e-el Hieremotli, hi-er'e-motb Hiericlus, lii-er-r'i-e'lus Hiermas, lii-er'mas Hipgaion, big-ga'yoii Hilen, hi let) Hilkiab, bil-ki'Hb Hiralt, lii'rab Hiram, bi'rain Hircaiius, bir-ka'ir.iid Hittitc3, liit'lites Hivite3, lit'vitea Hizkijal), biz-kijal; Hobah. iio'bal) Hodiiiah, hod-a-I'ab Hodaviab, bod-a-vi';ili Hodevah, Iio-de'vali Hodiah, bo-di'ah Hodyali, bo-di'jah Iloelah. Iiog'lali Hololerneg, Iiol-o-fer'iics Holon, bo'lnn Honiam, lio'mam Hopbiii, boCni Hoplira, bof'rah Horam, bo'rain Horliagidgad, lior-ra-gid'gad Hori, bo'ri Horims, IiO'rims Horites, lio'rites Horonaim, bor-o-iiaim Horonites, lior'ro-iules Hosab, lio'sah Hosanuah} bo-zau'iiali Hosca. bo-ze'ab Hosbaiab, liosb-a-i'aU Hosliama, hosh'a-maU Hosliea, bo-sbe'a Hotbam, botbam Hotbir, bo'tbir Hupliam, bu'fam Hupbamites, hu'fam-ites Hurai, bii'ra Husliah, bu'sba Husbai, liu'slia Husliam, bu'sliam Hushatbite, liu'shatb-ite Uualiubab, bu-slm'ljah Huzotli. bu'zoth Hydaspes, by-das'pcs Hyena, by-e'iiah Hynientus, by-meu-c'us Ibleau, ib'le-am Ibneiab, ib-ni'ah Ibuijali, ib-ni'jah Icbabod, ik'a-bod Iconium, i-ku'ni-um Idalah, i-da'Iab or id'a-Iub Idalan, id'a-lan Iddo, id'do IducI, id'u-cl Idumtca, id-u-niO'ab Idimieans, id-u-uieana Igat, i'gal Igdaliah, ig-da-li'ali Igeabarim, ig-e-aii'a-rim Igeal, ig-e'al or ig'e-al lim, i'im Ijon, i'jon llai, i'la lllyricum, il-lyi-^-kum IniTnanuel, im-man'i|-cl Ipbedeiab, il-c-di'ab Ira, i'rab Iram, i'rani 1 17, Vx^ Jrijab, i-ii'jah Irnaliasli, ir-na'basb or ir'na- hasb Irpee!, ir-pe'el lisbemesb, ir-sh8'mesh Ini, i'ru Isaac, I'zak Isaiah, i-za'yab Iscab, is'cuh Iscariot, is-kar'i'i-ot Isdael, is'da-el IsbbiBenob, isb'b'i l)c'nob or isli- bi 'be- 110b Isbbosbeth, ish-bo'slictb or iab'- bo-sbeth Isbi, i'shi Isbiab, i-sbi'ab Ishijali, i-slii'jiili Ismael, isli'ma-cl Isbmaclites, isb'ma-el-ites Ishmaiali, isb-ma'yab orisb-ma- i'ah Ishnicrai, isb'me-ia Isbod, i'sbnd Isbuuli, ish'u-eh Ishiiai, ish' u-a lamacbiab, ia-nia-ki'aU Ismaiab, is-ma-i'ab Israel, is'ra-el Israehtes, is'ra-el-ilea Issacbar, is'sa-kar Istalcurus, is-tal-kG'iwS Ism", is'ii-i Isuites, is'n-ites Itbai, ith'a-i Itbaniar, illi'a-m;ii' Itliiel, ilh'i-el Itbream, itli'rc-am Itbrites, itli'rites Ittab Kazin, it'tab ka'ziit Ittai, it'ta-i Iturea, it-ii-re'ah Ivali, I'vah Izeliar, iz'e-bar Izbar, Jz'har Izbarite, iz'liar-ilc Izrabiali, iz-ra-lii'ab Izrahite, iz'ra-bite Izraiah, iz-ra-i'ah Izreel, iz're-el Izritcs, iz'rites J. Jaakan, ja'a-kan Jaakobab, ja-ak'o-bab Jaala, ja-a'lab Jaatam, ja-a'lam Jaauai, ja-a'na Jaareoragim, ja-ar-e-or'a-gitii Jaasania. ja-as-a-ni'ali Jaasai;, ja-a'saw or ja'a-saw Jaasiel, ja-a'si'-el Jaazali, ja-a'zab Jaazaniab, ja-az-za-ni'ab Jaaziab, ja-a-zi'ali .Taaziel, ja-a'zi-el Jabal, ja'bal Jabesh, jii'besh Jabez, ja'bez Jabin, ia'bin Jabneel, jab'ne-el Jacbaii, ja'kau JacbiD, ja'kin Jacbinitea, jfi'kin-ites Jacintli, ja'sintb Jacobus, ja-ko'bu3 Jada, ja'dati Jadau, ja-da'u Jaddua, jad-da'aU Jadon, ja'don Jael, ja'el .Tagur, ja'gur Jabaleel, ja-bu'lc-cl Jalialclel, ja-lial'c-lel Jahaz, ja'baz Jabaza, ja-ba'zab Jabazael, ja-Iiaz-a'el Jabaziab, ja-ba-zi'ab Jabazjel, ja-baz'i-el .Tabdai, jab-da'i or jiib'da-i Jalidiel, jali'di-el Jalido, jab'do Jableelites, jaU'le-el-ites Jaliliel, jab'li-el Jabmai, jab-ma'i or jali'mn-i Jabzeelitea, jah'ze-el-itea Jahzcrab, jali'ze-rah Jabziei, jairzi-cl .Tair, ja'er Jairites, ja'i-ritcs Jairus, ja'i-rus Jakan, ja'kaii Jakkim. jak'kim Jalon, ja'lon Jambrcs, jam'brcz Jambri, jam'ljii Jamiri, ja'niin Jaminites, ja'min-itea Jamlecl), jam'Iek Jamnaan, jam'na-an Jamnia, jam'n'i-a Janinites, jani'iiitea Janna, jan'nah Jaunes, jau'nez Janoah, ja-no'aU Jainim, ja'iiura Japbctb, jil'fetb Japbiah, ja-fi'ab Japblet, jal'Iet Japbleli,_jaf-le'li or jarie-ti Japlio, ja'fo Jarab, ja'rali Jareb, ja'reb Jaresiali, jar-e-si'ali Jaroab, ja-ro'ah Jasael, jas'a-el Jasbem, ja'sbtm Jasber, ja'sber J;isbobeam, ja-sbo'ljc-am Jasbub, ja'siiub or jasb'ul) Jashubi Leheiii. ja'sbw-bi Ic'lieni or Jasb'ti-bi le'bem Jasbubites, jash'ub-itcs Jasiel, ja's"i-el Jason, ja'son, Jasper, jas'ptr Jasubus, ja-su'lnis Jatbniei, jat)i'm-cl Jattir, jat'ter Javan, ja'van Jazcr, ja'zer Jazie], ja'zi-el Jearim, je'a-rim Jeaterai, je-at'e-ia Jeherecbiab, jeb-ei-re-ki'ab Jebus, je'bua Jebusi, je-bu'si Jebusites, jeb'u-sites Jecamiab, jek-a-nii'ab Jecoliab, jek-o-li'ali Jeconiah, jek-o-iu'ah Jedaiab, je-da'yah Jediael, jed-'i-a'el Jedidiab, jed-i-di'ab Jediei, jed'i-el or jc'di-cl Jedutbun, jed-ii'tbuu or jcd'n tbun Jeezer, je-e'zer Jegar Sabadutba, jG'gar sa-ba- du'tbah Jebaleleel, je-bal'e-leel or jc- bali-le-el Jebalelel, je-lial'c-lel Jcliaziel, je-baz'i-el or je-bazi-tl Jedeiah, jeli-di'ah Jebeiel, je-lii'el Jebezekel, je-bez'e-kel Jeliia, je-Iii'ub Jeiiiel, jc-lii'cl Jeliieli, je-lii'e-li Jebisbat, je-Iiisira-i ■lebislikiaii. je-bis-ki'ah Jeboadab, jo-bo'a-dali Jeboaddan, je-bo-ad'dan Jeboabaz, jc-bo'a-haz Jeboasb, je-bo'ash Jehobaiiaii, jc-bo-bii'nan or jc- lio'lia-iian Jehoiachin, je-boy'i^-kin Jeboiada, jc-boy'a-dab Jeboiakim, je-boy'a-kim Jeboianb, je-boy'a-rib Jetionadab, je-bon'a-dab Jehonatbaii, .je-lion'a-tban Jeboram, je-bo'ram Jebosbabealb, je-Iio-sbab'e-alb Jebosbapbat, je-bosb'a-fat Jehoslieba, je-iiosbV-bab, Jeliosbua, je-liosb'i[-ah Jkhovah, je-bo'vah Jeliozabad, je-lioz'n-liad Jebozadak, jc-lioz'a-dak Jebu, je'bii Jehubbab, je-liub'bali Jeliiical, je-liii'kal or jc'liu-kal Jeliudi, je-lifi'di Jeliudijali, je-bii-drjab Jebusb, je'liusb Jeiel, je-I'el Jecabzeel, jc-kab'ze-el Jekameam, jek-a-me'am Jekaniiab, jek-a-nn'ali Jekutbie), je-ku'iln-el Jemima, je-nii'inab or jeni'i-inali Jemucl, jeni'ti-cl or jem-ii'd Jepbtliab, jef'tbab Jephuiineli, je-fun'neb Jerah, je'rali Jerabmeel, jer-ab-inc'cl or jc- rah'me-cl Jcrabmcelitcs, je-rith'mc-el-ilcs Jcreclius, jer'e-kus Jered, je'red Jereoiiii, jer'c-ma Jeremiah, jer-c-nii'ali Jeremotb, jer'c-Qiotb Jeriah, je-ri'ah Jeribai, jer'i-ba Jericho, jer'i-ko Jeriel, je-ri'el or je'ri-cl Jerijah, jer-iijjih Jeiiotb, jer'i-otb Jeroboam, .jer-o-bO'am Jerodon, jei'o-don Jerobam, jer-o'baiii orjer'o-bam Jenibbaal, jc-rub-laul or je- rub'ba-al Jerubesheth, je-rub-esb'ttb or je-rub'e-shetb Jciuel, je-ru'cl Jerusalem, jc-ru'sa-Iem Jerusba, je-ru'sliah Jesaiali, je-sa'yab Jcsbaiah, jesli-a-i'ah Jeshanah, jusb-a'aab Jesbarclab, jcsb-ar'e-lah Jesbebeab, jeab-eb'c-ab Jesbebeab, jesb-eb'e-ah Jesber, je'slicr Jeshiraon, jesh'i-mon Jebisliai, j.-shisb'a-i Jeshobaiah, je&b-o-ba-i'ab Jesbua, jesli'u-ah Jcshui, jesli'u-i Jesbuiuu, jesb'ur-nin Jesiah, je-si'ah -Supp Fate fiir, bat. — Mete, help.— Pine, marine.— Note. — Tune, unite.— g as j; dli assb- 447 9e PEONnNCaATION OF SCRIPTURE PROPER NAATES. Jesimiel, jes-im'ni>cl Judith, ju'dith Lasea, la-se'ah Mabauaim, ma-ha-Tii'im Jesse, jes'se Jttha, juli-a Lashab. lasbah Mabanehdan, ma-bi'neb-dan Jesaa, jes'g-a Julius, gu'Ii-u3 Lasharou, la-sha'ron Malianem, ma-ha'uemorma'ht- Jesui, jes'u-i Junia, ju'm-a Lazarus. Iaz'a-ru3 nem Jesus, je'sns Jupiter, ju'pit-ter Leah, le'ah Maharai, ma-har'a-i Jetlier, je'ther JushabUcshed, ju.-sbab'lie-&hed Lebanah, leb'a-Lab Mabath, ma'liath Jethlab, jeth'lah Lebanon, leb'a-cou Maliavites, maba-vitcs Jetbro, je'thro Lebaoth. le-ba'oth or leb'a-oth Mahaziotb, ma-baz'i-oth or ma- Jetur, je'tur K. Lebbens, leb-beois il a zi-oth Jenel, jc'u-el Lebonah, le-bo'nah Maher shalal haslibaz, mater Jeusli, je'ush Lecbah, ie'kah elial'al hasb'baz Jeuz. je'az Kabzkel, kab'ze-el Lebabim, le-ha'bim or iGlia-bim Mablah, raah'lah Jezaniah, je2-a-n!'ah Kades, ka'dez Lebi, le'bi Mabh, mah'Ii Jezebel, jez'e-bel Kadesli Barnea, ka'desh bar'ne-a Lemuel, lem'a-el Mahhtes, mati'jilcs Jezelus. je-ze'lus Kadtniel, kad'mi-el Leshem, Ic'sheoi Mahlon, mah'lon Jezer, je'zer Kadraonites, kad'mon-ites Letusliim, le-lu'shim Mabol, ma'hoi Jezerites, je'zer-ites Kallai, kal'ia-i Leummim, le-um'mim Maianeas, ma-au'e-3s Jeziab, je-zi'ah Kanah, ka'nah Levi, le'vi Makas, ma'kas Jeziel, je'zi-el Karea, ka-re'ah Leviathan, le-vi'a-than Makhelotb, mak-hc'loth JezUali, jez-li'ah Karkaa, kar-ka'ah or kar'ka-ah Lentes, le'vites Makkedab, mak-ke'dah Jezoar, jez'o-ar Karnaim, kar-na'irn or kar'na- Leviticus, le-vitl-kna Malaclii, mal'a-ki Jezraliiah. jez-ra-bi'ali im Libni, hb'ni Malcbam, maKkam Jezreel, jez're-el Karta, kai'tah Libnites, Ub'iiite<> Malchiah, mal-ki'ah Jezreelite, jez're-el-ite Kedemah, ked'e-mah Lign-aloes, Hne-aloes Malchiel, mal'ki-el Jezreelitess, jez're-el-i-tes^ Kederaotli, ked'e-moth Ligure, li'gure MalcbieUtes, mal'ki'-el-ilcs Jidlaph, jid'laf Keder, ke'der Likbi, lik'hi Malcliijah, mal-ki'jah Jiphtab, .iif'tab Kehelacbah, ke-hera-thah Linus, ii'uus Malcliiram, nial-ki'ram Jiphtbabel, jiftbah-el Keilab, kilaii Loam mi, lo-am'mi Malchishaab, mal-ki-shu'ab Jireth, ji'reth Kelaiah, ke-la'yah Lodebar, lo-de'bar or lod'e-bar Malchom. mai'kom Joab, jo'ab Kelita, kell-tah Lois, lo'is Malcbus, nial'kus ' Joah, jo'ah KelkatUliazurim, kel'katU-ba- Lo Rubammah, lo ru-Iia'mah Maleleel, ma!-Ie-!e'el Joahaz, jo-aTiaz or j6'a»haz zu'rim Lotan, lotan Mallothi, mal'lo-thi Joakim, ^6'a-kim Joanna, jo-au'nah Kemuel, keni'u-el or ke-mii'el Lothasubns, loth-a-sii'bus Maliuch, m^'luk • Kenah, ke'nah'" Lubim, lu'bim Maraaias, ma-ma'yas Joasb, jo'asli Kenaz, ke'oaz Lucas, lu'kas Joatham, jo-a'tbam or jo'a-tliani Kenites, ke'nites or ken'ites Luciler, lu'ci-fer mus Joazabdus, jo-a-zab'dus Kennizzites, keu'niz-zite? Lucius, lu'sbi-ns Mamre, mam're Job, jobe Keren Happucb, ker'enhap'puk Lybia, lib'e-ah Mamucus, ma-mii'kus Jobab, joTiab Keriotli, ker'i-oth Lvcaonia, ly-ka-o'm-a Manaen, ma-na'en Jocbebed, jok'e-bed Keros, ke'roz Lvcca, hk'kah Maoabatb, mau'a-bath Joed, ju'ed Keturah, ke-tu'rah Lydda, hd'dah Manaliem, maii'a-bem Joel, jo'el Keziah, ke-zi'ah Lydia, lid'i-a Manahethites, ma-nab'cth-iles Joelab, jo-elaU Keziz, ke'ziz Lysanias, ly-sa'ni-as Manasseas, mau-as-se'as Joezer, jo-e'zer Kibroth Hataavah, kib'roth hat- Lysias, hsb'i-as Manasseb, ma-nas'seh Jogbeah, jog-be'ah or jog'be-aU taa-vah Lystra, lis'tra Mauassites, ma-nas'site''a-kiiu reah Maacathi, ma-ak'a-tbi Maonites, nia'un-ites Joiarib, joj'a-rib Kiriathaim, klr-e-a-tlia'im Maachah, ma-a'kah or ma'a-kah Marah, ma'rah Jokdeam, jok-de'am or jok'de- Kirioth, kir'e-oth Maachatbites. ma-ak'a-thites Maralab, mar'a-lah am Kirjatb Aim, ker'jath a'im Maadai, ma-ad'da or ma-a-du.'i Maranatlia. mar-an-a'thaU or Jokim, jok'im Kiijath Arba, kerjath iir'bah Maadiali, raa-a-di'ah mar-a-nath'a Joknieani, jok-me'ani or jok'me- Kirjatb Anm, kerjath a'rim Maai, ma-a'i Blarcus, mar'kus am Kirjath Arius, kerjath a'n-u9 Maaleh Acrabbim, ma-a'Ieh ak- Mardncheus, ni;ir-do-ke*us Jokneam, jokTie-aiu Kirjatb Baal, ker'jath baal rab'bim Maresbah, mar'e-shah or ma-re'- Jokaban, jok'sban. Kirjatti Huzotb, ker'jath hu'zotb Maauai, ma'a-na sha Joktbeel, jok'tbeel or juk'tbc-cl Kirjath Jearim, ker'jath je'a- Maarath, ma-a'ratb Marisa, mn-rl'sab or mar'i-sa Jonadab, jon'a-dab rim Maaseiah, ma-a-sVah Marseon, miii-se'uah Jooab, jo'nah Kirjath San nab, ker'jath sau'uah Maasiai, ma-a-?ia Marteua. macte-na Jonan, jo'nan Kirjatb Sepher, ker'jath seTer Maath, ma'ath Masa, ma'sah Jonathan, jou'a-lhan Kisbi, kish'i Maaz. ma'az Mascbil, mas'kil Jonath Elim Recbochim, jo'nalb Kisliion, kislit-ou Maaziah, ma-a-zi*ah Masebtb, mas-e'lotU e'lim re-ko'kim Kishon, ki'shon Mabdai, mab'da-i Masbal, raa'sbal Joppa, jop'pah Kitron, kit'rou Macalon, mak'a-lon Masrekah, mas're-kab Jorab, jo'rah Koa, ko'ah Maccabffius, mak-ka-be'us Massab, maa'sah Jorai, jo'n-i Kobatb, ko'hatli Maccabees, mak'ka-beez Massias, m-is-si'as Jorain, jo'ram Kobatbites, ko'hath-itea Slacedonia, mas-se-do'ui-a Matred, ma'tred Joribas, jor'i-bas Kolaiah, kol-a-i'ah Machbaua, mak-ba'na Malri, ma'tri Jorkoani, jor-ko'araorjor'ko-ani Korab, ko'rah Machbena, mak-be'nah MatUuiab, mat'ta-nab Josabad, jos'a-had Korabites, kO'rali-ites Machbenai, raak'he-na Mattaniab, mat-ta-ni'ah Josapbat, jos'a-fat Korathites, ko'rath-ites Macb lie loth, mak-he'loth Mattatba. mat'ta-thah Josapliias, jos-a-fi'as Kore, ko're Macbi, maki Mattathias, mat-ta-tbi'as Jose, jo'se Korhite, kor'hite Machir, ma'kir Mattenai, mat-te-na'i Josetlecb, jos'e-dek Kushaiah, kush-a'yah Machirites, ma'kir-ites Matlhat, mat'lhat Joseel, jo'se-el Machnadebai, mak-na-de'bi Matihew, math'tbu Joses, jo'sez Macbpelah, mak-pe'lah Matthias, maib-i'as Josbabdd, josb'a-bnd L Madai. mad'a-i Mattitbiali, mat-titb-i'ali Joshab. jo'shah Madiabuii, ma-di'a-bun Mazitias, niaz-i-ti'as Joshaphat, josU'a-fat Madiah, raa-di'ah Mazzarotb, maz'za-roth Joshaviab, josh-a-'vi'ah LiADAH, la'a-dah Madian, raa'di-an Meah, me'ah Joshbckasliab, josU-bek.'u-shRh Laadan, la-a'dan or la'a-dan Madmannah, mad-mau'nah Meani, me-a'ni Joshua, josh'ii-a Laban, laban. Madmena)), mad-me'nah Mearah, me-a'rah Josiab, jo-si'ah I*abau:<, la-ba'nah or lab'a-nah Madon, ma'don Mebunai, mc-bu'uii Josias, jO'Si'as Lachisb, ia'kisli Magdata, mait'da-bih Mecheratli, mek'e-rath Josibiah, jos-e-bi'ah Lacunns, la-ku'nus Magdalen, mag'da-len Meclieratbite, mek'e-ratb-itc Josiphiah, jos-e-(i'ah Lael, la'el Magdalene, mag-da-le'nc Medad, me'dad Josiplins, jo-si'fus Labad, la'had Magdiel, mag-de'cl or mag'de-cl Medalab, med'a-!ah Jotbatlia, jot'ba-tbah Labairoi, la-haToy Magog, ma'gog Medebah, med'e-hali Jotbani, jothani Lahman. lab' man Magor Missabib, ma'gor mis'sa- Medes, meeds Jozabad, joz'a-bad Lahnii, laU'tni bib Media, rae'di-a Jozachar, joz'a-kar Laish, la'ish Magpiash, ma^'pi-ash Mahalab, ma-ba'lah or muba- Median, me'di-an Jozadak, joz'a-dak Lakuoi, la'kum Meeda, me-e'da Jubal, ju'bal Lamech, la'mek iah Megiddo, me-gid'do Jucal, ju'kal Laodicea, la-od-i-ce'^h Mahalaleel, raa-bai'a-leei or uia- Megiddon, me-gid'don Jadiea, jii-de'ah Laodiceans, lii-od-i-ce'ans bala-leel Mehali, mc-lm'U Judah, ju'dab Lapidoth, lapl-doth Mabali. ma-ha'U UeheUbel, me-het'a-bel Fat ;, ff.r, baU— Mete, help.— Hue, raariii 4 e.— Note.— Tune, unite.— g as j ; ch 48 as sb. 1 1 PRONUNCIATION OF SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. Mehida, nic-liidali Misbal, nii-slial Nebai, ue-ba'i or ueb'a-i Ophir, O'fir Meliir, nic'lier Misbam, mi'sbam. Nebaioth, ue-ba'yoth Oplini, off'ni SItlioIatliite, mc-horath-ile Misbeal, mi-she'al Nebajoth, ne-ba'jotU Ophrah, off'raU SIe!iuj;iel, nie-liu'ja-el Misbma, misb'mah Kebailat, ue-bul'iat Oreb, -o'reb Meliuman, rae-liu'nian Mishmaunab, misli-man'uab Nebat, ne'bat Orion, o-ri'on MeliuiiiiD, uie-hu'nim Misbraites, mish'ra-ites Nebo, uc'bo Orpbab, or'fah Mcjarkoii, me-jar'kon Misperetb. niis-pfi'retli Nebuchadnezzar, r.eb-u-kad- Oitliosias, or-tho-si*as Mekouali, me-ko'iiah or nick'u- Misreplioth Maioi, niis're-fotU nez'zar Osaias, o-za'yas nah ma'im Nebuchadrezzar, neb-n-kad- Oseas, o-ze'aa Mcliitiab, niel-a-ti'ah Mitbredatli, mitb're-datli rez'zar Osee, o'zee Melclii, mel'ki Mitylene, mit-i-le'ne Nebuchasban, iieb-^-kas'baa Oshea, 6'she-ah Mel(;inali, niet-ki'ah Mizraioi, miz-ra'im or miz'ra-im Nebuchodonosor, ueb-o-kod-oii'. Othni, oth'ni Melcliiel, inel'ki-el Mizar, nii'zar o-sor Othniel, oth'ui-el Xlelcliisedek, niel-kiz'ze-dck MnasoD, na'son Nebuzaradan, neb-u-zar'a-dau Ozem, o'zera Melcliisliua, mel-ki-sbu'a Moabites, nio'ab-ites Necboh, nc'ko Ozias, o-zi'as Meica, me-le'ati Moadiab, mo-a-OiaU Necodau, ne-ku'daii Oziel, O'zi-el Mclecl), mc'lek Moladah, luol'a-dab Nedabiah, ned-a-bi'ah Ozui, oz'iii Melita, nic-li'tah or mel'i-ta Molech, uio'lek Neemiaa, ne-e-mi'as Ozuites, oz'nitea Melicu, mei'li-ku Molid, niu'lid Neginoth, neg'i-noth Ozora, o-zo'ra Memphis, mem'fis Moloch, luo'tok Nehelamite, ne-hera-mite Memiicau, me-niu'kan Moosiaa, nio-o-si'a3 Neliemiah, ne-hc-mi'aU Menabem, raeu'a-Iiem Morasliite, mo-rasb-ite Nehuui, iie'hum P. Menan, me'nau Morastbite, mo-raa'tbite Kebushtab. ue-bush'tah Mece, iiic'ne Mordecai, mor'dc-ka Keiel. uii'i-el Meuotliai, meu'o-tlia Moreh, mo'reb Nekeb, iie'kcb PAARAI pa'a-ia Meonenera, me-ou'c-nem Moresbeth Gatb, niO'resh-elb Nekoda, ne-ko'dah Padan Aram, pa'dan a'rarn Mcpliaath, nie-fa'atli or mi-Vii- galh or mor'esh-eth gatb Neniuel, nciu.ii'el Padon, pa'dou ath Moriab, nio-ri'ah Neuiuelites, iicm-ii'el-ites Pagiel, pa'gi-el or pfi'gi-cl Mepliiboslieth, me-lib'o-slictb MosalUim, mo-pal'iam Nepbeg, uo'feg Paliath Moab, pa'hath mo'ab Merab, me'rab Moserab, mo-scr'ah or uio-se'rab Nepbishesim, ue-fish'e-sim Pal, pa'i Meraiab, rae-ra-i'aU Moses, mo'zez Nephtboab, nef-tbo'ah or Dcf- Palal pa'lal Meraiotb, mc-ra'yoth Mosoroth, nio-sor'otb or rao-so'- tlio-ali Palcstiua, pal-cs-tl'nah Merai'i, me-ra'ri or mei'u-ii rotb Nephtuim, iiepb'tu-im Palestine, pal'cs-liue Merarites, mer'a-rites MosuUamon, mo-sulla-mon Nephusini, iic-fu'sini Pallu, pal'la Meratbaim, mer-a-tba'im Mozali, mo'zah Nereus, ne're-us Palluites. pal'Iu-ites Mercnrius, mcr-ku'ri-us Muppim, mup'pim Muslii, mu'shi Nergal Sbarezer, iier'gal sba-re'- Palti. pal'li Mered, nie'red zer Paltiel, pal-fi'el or pal'li-el Mercmotb, mer'rc-niotU Meres, luc'rez Mushites, niusbitcs Neri, ne'ri Pamphylia, pam-lil'i-a Mutblabbeu, muth-lab'beu Neriab, ne-ii'ah Papboa, pa'fos Meribab, mer'i-bah Myra, rai'rali Mysia, misb'i'-a Nero, ue'ro Paradise, par'a-dise Meribbaal, mer-i-bu'al or mc- Netbaneel, ne-thau'e-cl Paran, pa'ran rib'ba-al Netbauiah, iieth-a-ni'ab Parmashta, par-masb'tali MeioJacbbaladan, mc-rO'dak- Nethininis, neth'iu-ima Parmenas, par'nie-uas Ijal'a-dau N. Netophatbites, ne-tof'a-tbites Paruach, par'uak Merom, nic'rom Neziah, nc-zi'ah Farosh, pa'rosh Parehandalba, par-sban'da-Vliab Merouothite, me-rou'o-lbite Nezib. iie'zib Meroz, me'roz Naam, iia'am Nicaiior, ni-ka'nor Partbians, par'thi-ans Mesecb, me'sek Naamab, na'a-raah or iia-a'niaL Nicodemus, iiik-o-de'mu9 Paniab, par'u-ah Mesba, me'shah Kaaman, na'a-mau or na-aman Nicolaitaua, nik-o-la'i-tans Parvaiffi, par-va'im Meshecl), me'sbek ^^aamatbites, ua'a-ma-lhites Nicolas, uik'o-laa Pasach, pa'sak Mcabclemiali, niesb-cl-e-nii'ab Kaarali, ua'a-rah Nikopolis, ui-kop'o-lia Pasdamaiim, pas-dam'mim Mesliezabeel, iiitsli-ez'a-be-el Naarai, iia'a-rfi Nimrah, nim'rab Paseah, pa-se'ah Mesbiliraitlt, inesli-d'la-mitli or Naaran, na'a-ran Nimshi, nim'sbi Pasbur, paah'ur niesU-il-!u'mitb Naaeliou, ua-asb'oii Niucveh, niu'e-veb Passover, pass'o-vcr Mesbobab, me-sli6'bab Naathus, iia'a-thus Niuevites. niu'e-vites Patara, pat'a-rah Mesbullam, lue-sliul'lam NabEd, na'bal Nisan, iii'san Pateoli, pa-te'o-li Mesobah, mes'o-baii Kabarias, nab-a-il'as Nisroch, uis'rok Patbeus, pa-tbc'u3 Mesohaite, mes-o-ba'ileor mes'- Nabatlieaiis, oa-ba-tlie'aub Noadiab, no-ah-di'ab Patliros, pa'thros Q-ba-ite Kabatbites, mVbatb-ites Noah, nO'ah Pathrusim, path-ru'sini Mesopotamia, nies-o-po-ta'mi-a Kabotb, na'both Noe, iio'e Patrobas, pat-ro'bas or pat'ro Messiah, nies-si'ah Kachoii, iia'kon Nubab, uo'bali bas Meterus, mc-te'rus Kacbor, iia'kor Kogab, iio'gab Pau, palm Metbeg Ammah, uie'lLeg ani'- Nadab, iia'dab Noph, noff Pedabel. ped'a-bel mah Nadabatlia, ua-dab'a-tba Nopbab, uoTah Pedaliznr, ped-ali'zur or ped'idi- Metbrcdatli, raetli're-dath Kagge, natn'gee Kotopba, iio-to'fab zur Metbusael, nie-tliu'sa-el Nalialii, ua'ha-bi Nymphas, uim'/as Fedaiah, ped-a'yah Metbusalali, me-ibu'sa-lab IN'ahaliel, ua-lia'li-el Fekab, pe'kah Pekabiali, pek-a-bi'ab Meunim, me-u'inm Kalialtal, iia-bal'lal Mezahab, iiie^'a-hab Kalialol, ua'lia-Iol 0. Pekod, pe'kod Miauim, Dii-anim Nabam, iia'ham Pelaiah, pe-la-i'ah Mibbar, mib'Iiar Nahamani, iia-liam'a-i:I Pelahah, pel-a-liab Mica, lui'kah Nabarai, na-liar'a-i Obadiah, o-bad-di'ah or ob-a- Felatiab, pel-a-ti'ah Micaiab, nu-k3,'iaU Nabash, iia'liasb di'ah Feleg, pe'ieg Mitlia, mi'kab Nahbi, nab'bi Obal, o'bal Peletb, pe'letb Micliael, lui'ka-el Naiior, na'bor Obed y.dom, u'bed e'dom Peletbites, pi-'lcth-itea Michaiah, nii-ka'jab Naidus, na'i-dus Obi], O'bil Pelonite, pel'o-nite Micbmasb, mik'mash Kaini, ua'ini Obotli, o'both Peiiiel, pe-ni'ei Peiiiiinah, pc-niu'uah Miclimcthah, mik'me-liiHli Nain, na'in Ocbiel, o'ki-el Micbri, niik'rl ^'aioth, na'yotb Nanea, iia-ne'a Ocidelua, oB-i-de'lus Pcuuinali, pen'ni-nah Michtani, mik'tan Ocina, os'i-ua Pentapolis, peu-tap'o-lis Midiau, mid'i-au Kaomi, na-6'm'i or iia'o-xi Ocran, ok'ran Pentateuch, pen'la-tuke Midiauites, mid'i-an-itcs Naphisb, na'lish Oded, d'ded Pentecost, penn'te-koste Migdaiel, mig'da-Icl Kapbisi, naf'i-si Odollaui, o-dollam Fenuel, pcu-u'el or pe-nii'cl Migron, mig'rou Kaphtbali, iiaf'tlia-li Odonarkeg. od-ou-iir'kes Peor, pe'or Mijaiuin, mi'ja-min or mij'a- Nuplituini, iiaf'tu-ini Olarnua, ol'a-mus Perazim, per'a-zim uiiu Narcissus, nar-cis'sue Olympbaa, o-Iini'fas Omaerus om-a-e'iua Perez Uzzah, pe'rez uz'zab Miklotb, mik'Ioth Kasor, iia'eor Perga, per'gab Mikiieiab, mik-iii'ali Nathan, na'than Omar, o'mar Fergamoa, pcr'ga-moB MUalfti, niiUa-lui Natbanael, na-tlian'a-el Omega, o'me-ga or o-me'ga Ferida, pc-ri'/Iab Mikali, mil'kali Nalhanias, iiatb-a-iii'as Omii, om'rl Perizzitt'3, per'iz-zites Mileturii, nii-le'lum Natbau Melech, ua'tliau mc'liil^ Ouam, o'naiii Persia, per'shi-a Miletus, mi-le'tus Naiim, ua'um Onesinius, o-nea'si-mus Perudab, per-u'dab Miniauiiii, niiu-ni'a-iiiiu !Nave, iia've Onesipborus, oii-e-sil'o-rus Pethahiali, petb-a-hi'ah Minni, miu'iii Kazarcne, naz-a-r£ne' Onias, o-ni'as Fethor. pe'thor Mipbkad, mifkad Nazareth, naz'a-veth Ono, 6'uo Pethuel, peth-n'el orpe-thu'cl Miriam, niir'i-am Nazarite, uaz'a-rito Onyas, o-iiy'aa Peulthai, pc-ul'tha Mirmab, mcr'mah Neah, nc'ah Ouycba, o-uy'kab or oul-kali Pbaldaius, fal-da'yus Misgab, niis'gab Neapolis, nc-ap'po-Iis Ouyx, ij'nix PhiUcc, fa'Iek MisUaul, nii-sha'el Neariah, iie-a-ii'ah Ophel, o'fel Fbalti, fal'ti rate. fiij, lat.— Mete, lielp.— Fine, marine 4^ .—Note.— Tune, iiaite.— g as j ; ih n 19 s 8h. PEOXUXCIATION OF SCRrPTUPvE PROPER NAHES. Phaltiel. ful'ti-cl Rakkon, rakl^on Sallai. Eal'la-i Shaapb, sha'af Phanuel, fan-t'el or fa-nu'cl 1 Ramah, ra'mah Sallumus, sal-lu'mus Shaaraim, sha-i-ra'iin Pliaraoli, fii'ro Ramatbaini, ra-math-a'Im Salmoni. sal-mo'ui Shaasbgaz, sha-asb'gaz Pharaoh Hophra, fa'ro horrah Ramathem, ram'a-tliem Salome, sa-l6'me Shabbetbai, shah-betb'a-i Pharathoni, far-a-thO'ni or lar- ' Raraatbite, ra'math-ite Samael, sam'a-el Shacbai, sliak-i'ab ath'-o-ui Ramath Lehi, ra'math le'Iii Samatas, sa-ma'yas Shaddai, shad'da-i Piiarez, ^'rez Ramath Mispeh. ra'math mis'- Samaria, sa-ma'ri-a Shadracb, sha'drak Phirezites, fa'rez-itcs peh Samaritan, sa-mar'i-tan Sbaze, sba'ge Pharisees, far'i-sees Rameses, ra-me'ses Samatus, sam'a-tus Shabazimath, sba-bazl-matb Pharpliar, farTar Ramesis, ram'e-sis Sameius, sa-me'yus Sbalem, sha'iem Pliarzites, farz'ites Ramoth, ra'moth Samgar Nebo. saro'gar neTio Shalisha, sball-sbab Phaseah, fa-se'ali Ramiah, ra-mi'ah Samlah, sam'lab Shallecbeth. shal'le-keth Phebe- fe'be Raphael, ra'fa-el Samos, sa'mos Sballum, sbai'lnm Phenice, fe-i.rce or fe'ance. Rapliah, ra'fah Samothracia, sam-o-tTira'sIJ-a Shalmai, sbal'ma or sbal'ma-j PLenicia, fe uUhl-a Raphaim, raph'a-ini Sampsames, samp'sa-mes Sbabnanezer, ebal-ma-ne'zer Phibeseth, fib'e-seth Rapliii, ra'fu Samuel, sam'u-el Shamariah, sbara-a-ri'ah Phicol. Ti'kol Ralhumus, rath'a-mus Sanabassarus, saii-a-bas'sa-rns Sliamgar, sbam'gar Philadelphia, fil-a-del'fi-a Reaiah, re-a'i-ah or re-a-i'ah Sanasib, san'a-sib Shamir, sba'mer Pbilarches, fil-ar'kes Reba. re'bah Sanballat, san-bal'lat Shammai, sbam'ma-i Philemou, fil-e'mon Rebekah, re-bek'ah Sanhedrim, san-be'drim or sa«'- Shammua, sham-mu'ah Philelus, fi-le'tus Recliab, re'kab he-drim Shamsberai, sbam-shc-ri'i Philip, tU'iip Recbabiles, rC-'kab-ites Sausaunab, san-san'uah Shaphan, slia'fan Phihppi, fiUlip'pi Rechah, re'kah Sapb, saf Shaphat, sba'fat Phihstia, fil-lis'ti-a Reelaiah, re-e!-a'yah Saphatias, saf-a-li'as Sliapber, sba'fer Philistim, fil-lis'tim Reelias, re-el-Vas Saphir, saffir Sharai, sha-ra'i or sliar'a-i PhiUstines. fil-lis'tins Reesaias, ree-sa'yas Sapphira, saf-fi'rali Sharaim, sha-ra'im Philologns, fil-lol'o-gu? Regem, re'gem or re'geni Sapphire, saf'firc Sbarar, sba'rar Philometer, fiUo-me'ter Re^em Melek, re'geui meick or Sarabias, sar-a-bi'os Sharezer, sha-re'zer Phinehas, fin'ue-as re'geni me'lek Sarah, sa'rah Sharmaim, sbat'ma-im PhisoQ, fi'son Reliabiah, re-ha-bi'ali Sarai, sa'ra Sharon, sba'ron or shar'on Phle^on, flee'on or fle'gon Phrygia, fridj'i-a Rehoh, re'hob Saraiah, sar-a-i'a!i Sharonite, sbii'ron-ile Rehoboam, re-ho-bo'aoi Saraias sa-ra-i'as Sbaruhen, sba-ru'ben Phubab, fu'bah Rehoboth, re'hQ-bot!i or rc-]i6'- Saraniael, sa-ram'a-cl Sbashai, shasb'a-i Phud. fud both Saramel, sar'a-rael Shashak, sba'shak Phurah, fu'rah Reham, re'btira Saraph, sa'raf Sbaul, sha'nl Phut, fnt (as nut) Rei, re'i Sarcbedonus. sar-Ved'o-nus Shaulites, sha'aWtes PhvEellus, fy-gei'lus Rekim, re'kim Sardine, siir'dinc Sbausha, sha-ii'sba Phylacteries, fy-lak'te-reez Remaliah, rem-a-li'ah Sardis, sur'dis Shaveh, sba'veli Pihahiroth, pi-ha-lii'rolh Remetb. re'meth Sardites, sar'dites Sheal, she'al Pilate, pl'lat Remnion Methoar, rem'mnn Sardius, sar'di-us Shealtiel, sbe-arii-cl Piidash, pil'dash meth-o'ar Sardonjx, sar-dO'uii or sar'don- Sberiah, sbe-a-ri'r, rJi, se, sg. si, sin, sn, sp, sf, sr, tli, thl, tr, tl, vr. The French syllables are divided into masculine and feminine syllables, the latter being those that contain e mute. GESEn.vr. Eijle — Every masculine syllable before another masculine syllable is short, so that the accent lies upon the last syllable that is pronounced. S has ihe same sound as in English. Cha.s— (1.) the sotmd of English I before a, o, ti, and be- fore consonants ; p.) the sound of hard s hefore c, i, >j, and before the hard vowels a, o, u, when with a cedilla (f). c. before q and c, and after a nasal soimd, is always silent. c7i has the sound of sit, and, followed by a consonant, it is like k. At the end it sounds like /•. D is like English d. It is sounded at the end of words, unless followed by s or preceded by r or ii. F'ls like English/. G has two sounds : — {!.} the sound o( g in go, bef^>re a, o, v. (2 .) the sound of s in pleasure, before e, i, y. The hard g is rendered soft before n, o, v, by in- serting the letter e between g and c, o. u. The c after the g is then not to be sounded, hut is considered as a mark to show that the <7 must be pronounced soft. The soft g, on the other hand, is rendered hard before e, i, y, by writing the letter u between g and c, i, y. Therefore the u that is imme- diately after the g must not be sounded, but is to he considered as a sign that g must be arti- culated hard. 1771 is pronounced like vi in onion, minion [final gne, represented in the table ny). Final g is silent except in the noun botirg. and in nouns temiinating in berg, where it has the sound of it. II. is cilher aspiratt^d or silent. BRIEF RUl^S FOR THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE PRINCIPAL EUROPEAN LANGUAGES. Remark. — When h is deemed aspirate, it only communi- cates to the vowel the properties of a consonant; that is to say, when the preceding word end'iwith a vowel, that vowel is never suppressed ; if it ends with a consonant, that con- sonant is never connected with the vowel that follows. .7 has always the sound of z in azure, or s in pleasxire. L has two sounds : — (1.) It is like tJie English I. (2.) It is liquid, like I in brilliant. N.B.^The modern pi'onunciation, however, lets the I entirely disappear, and substitutes a long e sound [i, i'i) for it. Exception. — All nouns in ville are not liquid. 77, ill., preceded by another vowel, are always liquid, in which case il, ill, are compound consonants, the i being considered as a mere sign to make the I liquid ; therefore the i must not be com- bined with the preceding vowel, which pre- serves its natural sound. V-' >when not nasal, are like the English m, n. 7H, n, preceded in the same syllable by a vowel, are always nasal, unless followed by a syllable that begins with a vowel or h mute, in which case, m and n resume their natural sound. Nasai- Sound. — An exact standard for the nasal sound is not to be found in the English pronunciation. However, something like it is found in the sound of e^ in encore. But if, in pronouncing these sounds, the tongue should once (ouch tlie roof of the mouth, the French nasal sound would be ruined. There are four nasal sounds : — oni, ^ em, am, en, an :} m, nim, ain, eim, ein, o-in, a7ig. >ang. on, yong^ or ung. nm, un, eun, earn, iimg* Pis like the same letter in the English language. Q, except in a few words, is always followed by w, and these two letters together have the sound of English h in Icing. It is much more rolled than the English r. At the end of a word it is always pronounced, when pre- ceded by a, 2, 0, «, ?/, and their compounds, r, preceded by e in polysyllables, is silent, and in this case the e has the acute sound e. Jn mono- syllables, the r is pronounced, and the e has a more open soujid, resembling ^. rli is like r. S lias two sounds: — (1.) the soft oi rose, please, between two voxels and following h. (2.) the hard sound of sister, in the beginning, and in the middle of a word, when preceded or fol- lowed by a consonant. Final s is silent, with a few exceptions. rhas two sounds: — (1.) soft, like c in cedar, ciril, in the syllable fion, unless preceded by s or x, in which case the t is hard, (2.) hard, like t in tit; in all other cases t?i lias the single sound of t hard. i, 8t, ct, final, are silent, ris like English v. X, (1.) is like as in all words beginning in x or ex, followed by a vowel or the letter h. like Ic in words beginning in exce, exci, exs. like ss, in Aix, Aix la Chapelle, Aitxerre, Anx- onne, BrnxcUes, lAixeuil, and some few others, like Tcs in all otlier cases. Final X is silent. -Sopp. (2-) (3.) (4.) Z is like z in one. Final z is silent. I' is like single French {, but like double i between two vowels. ITALIAN, 1. — Vowels. A is sounded as ali m English (a), ii' has two sounds : — (1.) the open, as in the English word/rtiV {e and c). (2.) close, as in the word^Ww {e). I is sounded like ee in English. has two sounds: — (1.) the open o; (2.) the close 0. U is sounded like oo. N.B.— "When these vowels are at the end of words, marked with an accent, they have a quick and sharp sound. 2. — Consonants. B is like the same letter in English. C is like k before a, o, u. Followed by the vowels c, i, it is pronounced like ch in tlie words clieri-y, chilly, cc followed by c, i, is pronounced like tc7t in the English word match, cid, ci6, ciu, are pronounced clia, cho, clon. ch, followed bye, ?", is pronounced like English Ic. D and i^are like the Engli:di d and/. G is like the English g in go, when followed by a, o, n. Followed by tlie vowels e, i, it i.s like j in English, or like g in the words gem, ginger, gg, followed by e, i, is pronounced like dg in the English word lodge, gh, followed by e, i, has the sound of f/ in go. (}l, followed by i, and in all words in which t i,s fol- lowed by another vowel, is pronounced like U in brilliant. But in all words in which gl is followed by a con sonant, it is pronounced like gl in ylinimcr. gn, followed by a, e, i, o, n, is somewhat like the English 7u' in onion, vtiniun. gid, gio, giii, are pronounced Yike ja, jo, Joo. giia, gue, gui, are like giva, gwei, gwcc, in hnignage, languei, languid. II has no sound. It is only used to denote the ii;ird sound of the consonants c, g., before the vowels e, i. J is considered a vowel. It is used instead of ii at tlie end of words, and sound.s like ee in the English word/ff, each e being distinctly pronounced. 7/, J/, N, and P, are like the corresponding Englisn letters. Q, Qud, que, qui, qu6, are pronounced like qua q%ie, qui^ quo, in the English words quah'tg, question, quibble, quote; the vowels a, e, i, o, adhei"ing to their proper pronunciation, as stated above. R in the beginning of words, or in the middle when it begins a syllable, is like r in the ^rords ruin, marine. At the end of words, or when it ends a syllable, or preceded by another consonant, or doubled, it has a rolling sound. S, in the beginning of words, preceded or followed by another consonant, or when doubled, is pro- nounced sharp, like sister. Between two vowels, and in the last syllable of all substantive and adjective nouns that end in esc, uso, iisa, it is pronounced like s in tlie Englisii word rose. In the last syllable of all adjective nouns in oso, osa, s preserves its sharp sound. sc, followed by e, i, is pronounced like sh in shell. 8ch, followed by e, i, is pronounced like sh. scid. scio, sciu, are like sha, sho, shoo. Of BRIEF RULES FOR THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE PRINCIPAL EUROPEAN LANGUAGES. jTis always hard, and Flike the English v. TFand Tare not found in the Italian alphaict. Z. Geneuai, Kule. — In the beginning of words, or when sinj;le, it is like th in the English word TTiiidsor. When preceded by a consonant, or wjien followed by two vowels, or when doubled, it is pronounced sharp, like ts in the word benefits. Remahk. — Italian words are j^ronounced exactly as they are written, there being no .silent letter, except /;. Every vowel always preserves its proper sound, independently of the consonants which accompany it. SPANISH. 1 . — Vowels. A. This letter is pronounced as nh in English («). E is pronounced as a in the alphabet in English (e), ac- cept before n, r, s, 2, in which case it is iniro open, as in the English word care. I is pronounced as e in English. It is long when under the acute accent [i). is generally pronounced as in English. It is, however, necessary to observe, that it is sometimes open (o), sometimes close (y ), and sometimes long (o). It is open in words of one syllable, when it is not immediately followed by another vowel, and before n and r at the end of a syllable ; at the end of a word, when it is accented. It is long whenever it is immediately followed by another vowel. C is pronounced 00. N.B. — From this rule must be excepted the syllables yiie, gtii, que, qni, in which the n is not sounded, unless the ?i has two dots over it (ii). T. This letter is sometimes a vowel and sometimes a consonant. It is a vowel when it is preceded by another vowel, making with it a dipthong; and then ay and ey are like i (7) ; oy and wy, like oi. In almost every other case, it is a consonAnt. 2. — C0NS0N.4NTS. i?, in the beginning of n word, is always pronounced as in English. In the middle of a word, between two vowels, h is softened into nearly a ?'. C has the sound of lit in English, as in the word pijli, before e and i; and the sound of A' before o, 0, ?/. Formerly the c with the cedilla {<;) w.is used to soften the c before «, o, ri. The letter x, however, has now been substituted for it. Double cc, followed by e, i. The first c is hard, the second soft. rh. These two letters are pronounced as in English in the word cheek. D is pronounced, in the beginning of a word, an in English ; but when tlie d is between two vowels, it is as soft as the th in the words though, the. It is pronounced lisping at the end of a word. F is pronounced as in English. G is pronounced as in English before n, o. v. It is gut- tural before e, i (3). Before n, it has the English pronunciation. For the .syllables tjne, gui, sec the vowel U. 21 is mute, and only lightly aspirated before iie. The letter h has been retained In many words, though not pronounced, and in several it has taken the place of the letter/, formerly used. tht The Academy suppresses h after /, and instead of ph uses f. J is guttural before .ill tbe vowels (J, ih). L is pronounced .as in Euglish. II. AVhcn U occurs in a word, it is liquid, and pro- nounced as in the words hnlllant, seraglio, WilUani. .^/and A'" are pronounced as in English. ji. having this mark (". S ) which the Spaniards call n with tilth (tii'de), has the same sound as n in onion, minion. r and Q are pronounced as in English. As to the syllables que, qui, look for the vowel U. 'N.B. — Q is changed into c in all words where it is fol- lowed by ?/a, wo, ne, vi (the u in the latter two preserving its natural sound). r., in the beginning and middle of words, is prnno"nced a little stronger than in En.slish ; but double r is much stronger than the English rr. S is always pronounced hard, like double s, even be- tween two vowels. T is always hard. ]'. The Spaniards often confound the sound of this letter with that of b; but the Academy disap- proves of it, and recommends that it should be pronounced as in English. X is pronounced as s when followed by a consonant; and it is lightly sounded s when followed by cc, ci. It is pronounced like l:s between two vowels. In a few words ending in x, it is guttural. N.B. — .T was formerly used as a guttural (unless the following vowel had the circumflex acceni); but j is now- used instead before a, 0, n, and g before e and i. Z is only used now before a, 0, v, and is pronounced like the c before e and i. It is alw.ays pronounced lisping after a vowel. The pronnnciation of Spanish by the Mexicans is dif- ferent from that by the Spaniards : (1.) They pronounce the liquid II like the modern French pronunciation long ee. (2.) Thev pronounce h and r interchangeably. (3.) They substitute, in general, the s sound for the th sound. rOETUGUESE. 1. YOWEI.S. The vowels are the same as in the Spanish language. Jo, the having a deep sound, nearly 00, is somewhat like onng. ?.. — C0N.S0N.\NT3. The consonants, with the following exceptions, are like the English : — C. r is like! the same French letter. ch is like English ah. G is like the French g. II is always silent, and serves only, when immediately preceded by I or n, to make the-se letters liquid. J is like the corresponding French letter. M and N are like the same English letters, but have sometimes a nasal sound. Q Ls like the French, being always accompanied by a silent V. It is like the Sp.anisb, rolling. A' is like the English sh. 456 GERMAN. 1. — VoWEt,S. A_ ha? two sounds : — (1.) long (n), as in the Engli.sh word hulf. (2.) short (rt). which lias no correspomiing sound in English. BRIEF RULES FOR THE PRONTJNCIATION OF THE PRINCIPAL EUROPEAN LANGUAGES. ae, or &. (1 .) long, as the sound between name and care ; (2.) short, neai'ly like e in the word rent, ai and ay soitnd broadir tlinii the Englisli i in kite, au apjiroaelies the sound of tlie Engliyh ou in our, loud, acu or du has nearly the same sound as the English oi. E has three sounds : — (1.) long; 1st, the close or acute sound (c), the French e ferine. 2d, the open sound \i), the c oufCrt of tlie French. • (2.) short (e), nearly like e in the word help. (3.) obscure in all unaccented syllables, like a in the English word sofa, except before liquids, where it sounds like e iu the last syllable of the word heaven, ei, or ey, are like i injinc, hind, en is similar to oi, oy, iu boil, toil, joint, I has two sounds : — ■ (1.) long, as in mete (i). (2.) short, nearly as i hi])in,fig {i). ie is like lung i (i). is, (1.) long, as in hone (o); (2.) short (o), as mgot. oc, 0. (1.) long, Frencli iu ; (2.) short, French i"«. oi, oy, are like the English oi, oy. U has two sounds : — (1.) long (op), as in to, do, viove, prove. (2.) short (go), resembling u in hull, full, hiishcl. ue, U. (1.) long French il ; (2.) short Frciich u. N.B. — Aa, 00, ec, arc pronounced as a single long a, o, e. 2. — COSSONANTS. B is like the English h. But when it ends a syllable, or stands next to tlie final consonant or consonants, not being liquids, or the consonant h, it ap- proximates to the sound of p. before a, o, v, au, and before a consonant, ie pro- nounced like /;. Before the otlier vowels, wilh a few exceptions, it is like ts. D is like the English d. But at the end of a syllable it approximates to the sound of (. i^ is like English/. Q, iu the beginning of a syllable, is always like g in the Englisli word go. After a, o, u, e, i, d, o, ii, I, r, it has a peculiar lingual sound, somewhat softer than the guttural eh. (See Ch.) When preceded by n, rj (except in derivative and compound words) has the sound of a gentle /■:. //, in the beginning of a word or syllable, is aspirated, as in the English words hare, hold. Between two vowels, the asjjiralion is less strong, and sometimes hardly perceptible. At any other place than in the beginning of a word or a syl- lable, A is mute, and indicates then the length of the preceding vowel. th is pronounced as a single (. J is pronounced as y, and always followed by a vowel. A' is like English Ic. L, M, N, and P, are like the corresponding English letters. Q is always joined with u. It has the sound ku>, but is uttered shorter than in English. II is sounded stronger than in English. -are pronounced like long «. ae ) ^ ° £has the three sounds of the German c. ce is like long open e. J has the two German i sounds. ■ie is like the German ie. has the two German o sounds. 00 is long o. oe is pronounced as oo. i^has the two French u sounds. ni resembles the Englisli u* in hoy. T, or sometimes spelt ij, is equivalent to the German ei, aj, or the English long i sound. 2. — Consonants. The consonants are the same as tlie German, except the following ones : — G is always strong guttural, unless spelt gh, which is like g in the English word go, or at the end of a word preceded by n. Sch is not pronounced as sh, but as sk. SWEDISH. There aro nine vowels, a, c, i, o, «, ?/, a, tf, (^), o, (ec) ; and it is to be remaikuJ, that they are lievcr iouiid coin- pound. I. — VuWKLS. A is like the German a. a is long 0. (5). d (ce) is like the German n, (fc), iThas two different pronunciations: — • (1.) long (the close and acute sound of the German c, — r), in the beginning of words, where <■ makes a syllable by itself, and at the end of a syllable or a word, as also in all syllables that have the tunic aeeent, and in all \vords termi- nating in het. (2.) like a*, or German e short, when it precedes the consonants,/, l^ m, n, r, s. /is like the German /. (1.) is like a deep oa^ in the beginning of words, ■when it is a syllable by itself, and at the end of a syllable or a word. (2.) It is like a long o, when it is immediately followed by one of the consonants/, Z, vi, n, /■, y, (, and before double consonants, flj (o) is like the corresponding German letter. If has ahnost always a sound like that of i vo combined, y is like the French «, 2. — Consonants. The consonants are the same as the KugUsh, with the following modifications; — C, before a, o, w, «, is always hard, as in the English word go, and also before c, when it is pronounc- ed like u£. 457 1 BRIEF RULES FOR THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE PRINCIPAi EUROPEAN LANGUAGES. Before i, y, re, a, and before the close and acute e, ni resembles u French. it is lilve the English ?/; but the (/ retains its Yis like French m. hard sound when the acute e terminates the syllable. (See /.) 2. — Consonants. jyo, njii, has, iu common pronunciation, the sound of The consonants are like the English, with the following yOy yoo. exceptions: — n is always asperated, except before v and _;, where it is D is not sounded after a consonant; and this omission is silent, and in cA, which is pronounced like h. observed even when, by addition, the d passes J is like the English y. In all those words whore j is into the following syllable. clianged into g, that g has a very slight guttural After a vowel, d is pronounced like (/(. sound. G is pronounced slightly guttural after a vowel, and when K is hard before a, a, u, a, and e (having the sound of it terminates the syllable. ffi), and before e acute, terminating the .syllable Preceded by n, it gives a certain nasal sound to or word. the n, without the g being distinctly pronounced. h before the vowels i, y, te, w, and e acute, is pro- His always aspirate, and only mute before v andy. nounced as if there were Swedish j between ./"is like the English y. k and the vowel. R is like the German r. In common pronunciation, k before the mentioned Fis sometimes found after a, in which cases it takes the vou els, and I:j before a, o, h, a, sound like Eng- place of the vowel m, and combines with the lish ch. preceding vowel. L, beginning a word, and followed by y, is almost silent. IF is actually no Danish consonant, but borrowed from the y alone being pronounced, with a slight the German language, and is only employed liquid sound before it. in words borrowed from this language. It has S is like English s. When followed by k, it is like sk the sound of v. English, in all tliose cases where k has its hard sound; but like sh (or French ch, or German sc/i) when k is followed by i, y, (s, cc, and e acute, or when followed by j and any of the hard vowels. NORAVEGIAN. ris always hard. The written language being the same as the Danish, the (/, followed by a vowel, has, in common language, a Norwegian pronunciation differs chiefly from the Danish in sound like English ch, but much softer; stj fol- the following instances: — lowed by a vowel, like sh. D is always like the English d. G is always hard. is like the same Swedish vowel. DANISH. HUNGARIAN. 1 . — Vowels. The Danisit language has eight vowels: — a, e, i, o, u, y, d, 1. — Vowels. ((c), tp, ((c). There is but one combined vowel that changes A accented {«') has always the long a sound m father (a); pronunciation. The doubling of the other vowels, whicli unaccented has the French short o sound. harilly takes place except with e, i, u, indicates only the E accented (t) resembles the e indicated in the following length of tlie syllable. list by e; unaccented, it has the German short The dipthongs are ai, ei, oi, <^i, ((ci), au, c«, ok, ui. sound in help. These make two distinct sounds, pronounced by a single /has the two German i sounds. emission of the voice. accented [0) has a long and deep o sound (o) ; unac- A has the two sounds of German a (iJ). cented, has the two sounds of morn, lot. aa is pronounced long o {b); ae [u) is like the corre- cc (ii) has the two sounds of the corresponding German sponding German ae. letter. ai is similar to the German at (?) ; au is like the Ger- V accented («) has the deep and full sound of the man an. Swedish letter o; unaccented, like English oo. E has the three German sounds: — ■ ve, or a, has the two sounds of the German tie («). e is nmte after a vowel, which it then lengthens ; r, when a vowel, has the sound of the Hungarian i. (1.) at the end of substantives terminating in j, when tliey derive from the Latin i«; 2.— Consonants. (2.) at the end of the infinite of verbs after a vowel. (c) being the proper termination of the infinitive The consonants are like the English, with the following of all verbs; exceptions : — (3.) at the end of adjectives tliat terminate in avowel, C is always joined with some other consonant. under the inflection; cs is like ch. (4.) in tlie middle of some words, after a long vowel. c^ is like ts. to distinguish two words, which without the e D is like English d. Followed by j or y, is like (/ and a would have the same orthography, though the gentle aspiration, nearly like the Italian gg fol vowels have a ditforent length in pronunciation. lowed by a vowel. ee. The vowels c, i, u, are doubled in the middle of G is always hard, like g in the English word go. monosyllables, to indicate the e, ;', «, long, ex- gh is like a simple g. cept before the consonants 6, d, g., v,]i. y, followed hy j or y, Ls like dj, dy. el is like the German ei. H is always aspirate. en is like the German cm. J is like English e, unless preceded by 7, as in go, give, again, leg, fig. The U is a sound peculiar to the Welsh ; but the Spanish II approaches very near to it. The sound is produced b/ touching the palate with the tongue, about an eighth of aj inch farther back than when I is articulated. The accentuation of all words is known by one general rule ; that is, such as consist of several syllables have tho accent on the penultima, and upon every second syllable backwards. The same principle is applied to several mono- syllables coming together, by accenting every second word to the last but one inclusively. GAELIC. The Gaelic language has five vowels aud thirteen con- sonants. 1 . — Vowels. A is sounded as in the English words ImU, halt; but be- fore dh and gh it has often the sound of Uie diphthong ao. £ represents two different soimds: — ( 1 . ) that of the Greek s, or ea in the English word hear. (2.) that of a in care. lis like ee in English. has the different sounds of ione, morn, lot. U is like 00 in moon, fool. The vowels are divided into broad a, o, u, and small e, i. In a word of two or more syllables, if the former ends with a broad vowel, the next syllable must begin with a broad vowel : if with a small vowel, with a small, though these inserted vowels are never pronounced. But in com- pound words, this rule may often be properly dispensed with. All the vowels are either long or short. When long, they are generally accented. In all the syllables of polysyllables, except the first, the vowels have a short and obscure sound, as in the English words sun, bird, mother ; and the broad, and sometimes the small, are used for one another. There are thirteen diphthongs, which are either proper or improper. Ao and eu are improper, representing simple sounds \ the former of which is only attainable by the ear ; the latter is like that of the Greek i [epsilon). All the other diphthongs are proper, the sound of eai-b of the vowels I 460 being more or less hard. In ce, ai,ei, oi, to, ia, ua, iii, the last vowel, and in ia, io, iu, the first vowel, is but faintly sounded. There are five triphthonss. aoi. eot, iai, iui, vai. They are pronounced like the diphthongs, ao, eo, ia, iu, ita, with the addition of a short «. They are all long, and never occur but iu mtiUusyllables, or ine first syllable of poly- syllables. 2. — C0X30!A and gh, in the begiiming of words, are commonly sounded like the English consonant y. In the middle or end of words, they are often silent, or have the sound of a faint aspiration. Fh is silent. G is always sounded as in the English words get, good, Fh has the sound of English f. S, before or after a broad vowel in the same syllable, is as in English. But when immediately before or after a small vowel, it has the soimd of sh. S, in the beginning of words, when preceded by the article with ( intervening, is silent. Sh aud Ih, in the beginnuig of words, have the soimd of h alone. Th, after a long vowel, diphthong, or triphthong, is nearly silent; but after a short vowel or diph- thong, it has the force of a rapid aspiration. The immutable consonants, I, n, r, when initials of words, not connected with others in a sentence, have a soft double sotmd, to be learned only by the ear. But whenever the order of construction requires that the mutable consonants should be aspirated, the immutable lose their double sound, and are pronounced nearly as in English. AVhen the consonants I. n, r, have their double sound in the middle or end of words, they are written double. OBSERVATIONS ON THE TABLE. In the pvf»para(Ion of tiie fonowin:; taWe, tlie eompiliM- lias aimed at tlie utmost possible simplicity. For this reason, he has employed in his key as small a number of English sounds as was possible, and has preferred to refer most of the sounds in the several languages to their nearest English equivalents, rather than to introduce a separate notation and key for each language. To do the last, would have been to destroy the simplicity, and, in a great measure, to defeat the object of the table, which was designed for ensy reference, by all classes of readers. It will be sufficient, once for all, to observe, that certain sounds in several of the languages of Europe can be but imperfectly represented by the English letters and syllables which are given as their equivalents. The Swedish u is represented by the English 00 or the French n. The Danish g final, not pre- ceded by n, corresponds nearly to the English h guttural. The Dutch ?«*, vij, is represented by the English oi. In the German, a is indicated by the English a in far; g and and c7i are marked as guttuiala; n, tc, aiicl u,ne, correspond to the French eu and u; ai is indicated by i long; ew by the English oi. The Polish z has no corresponding English sound. The Spanish g soft and j diCfor from the German ch guttural in being pronounced also from the palate. In the French, u has no cori-esponding English sound ; eu is nearly like the u in the English sptn' ; m and n nasal are indicated by vg, but the sound of *7 should not be heard in tlie pronunciation ; I mouilU final is indicated by hj^ gne final by j)?/; in both these cases, the sound of y consonant being added to that of tlie I and n, as in hrilUant and mignonette; oi is also expressed by ?/w, a being sounded as in yhr, except oin^ in which a is sounded as in hat In all names not Englisli, cli at the end of syllables not guttural is tcli. The several countries are indicated by the following abbreviations : — Af. Africa. As Asia. Au:irc. S. Am .Sontli and Central America. Scot Scotland. S, Is! Sandwich Islands c -n ( Scandinavian Peninsula, Sc Pen 1 o 1 1 AT ( Sweden and Normiy. Sic. Sicily. Soc. Isi Society Islands, Sp, Spain. Swtiz Switzerland. Syr Syria. 4G1 ^j^j. j Turkey, Asiatic and Euro- i pean, U. S. United J^tates. W. Ind West Indies. h hay. c cape. ('". cii connty. dhtr district. (lep department, ft fort. g gulf. k harhour. isl inland. / lake. miss, sta missionary station. mt mountain. pr province, pt port iind point. r river. */ strait. t tower, tal \alUy, PEOXOUKCING TOCABIJLAET MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. A. Adorf. a'dorf(Ger.) Alaba-na, al-a-ba'ma (U. S.) Adra, i'dra (Peu ) Alacranes, a-!a-kra'nesse (Mcx.) ish Adria, ii'dri-a or a'dri-i. (It.) Alacbua, a-!acli'u-a (U. S.) Aaete, 6'bfi (Ikii.^ Adrianople, ad-ri-a-t.O pi CAu''-> AJagon, a'la-gon (Pen.) AhcIi. acii (Ger.) r. Adriatir, ail-ri-a'tik (It.) Alagon. a'la-gon (Pen ) r. Aiserup, 6'^e-roop (Den.> AnlUek. 6)'l>ek (Den.) yEsean, e-je'au A'ais, a-la' (Ff.) Aelberg, ai'Uerg (Austr.) Alalo, a-!a'lo (R.) Analliorg, olborg (Pcd.) Aeroe. ar'eti (l>eu.) isl. Alameda, a-la mi'da (Pen.) Aalsund, ol'soonJ (Sc. Feu.^ Aerscbot, ar'sktjt (Xetli.) Alaniilla, a-Ii-mi'ya or a-tdi-inTl'ya (Mex.) Aar, ar (Ger.) r Aersen, ar'seu (Xetb.) Alaniillo, a-la-mi''vo (Pen.) Aar, ar (Switz.) r. Aescb, ashe (Switz.) Alamoniocbo. a-Ia-mo-mo'cho (Mex ) Aaarbcrj, ar'lierg (Swntr ) Ji!tna, et'na mt. Alamora, ji-la-nio'ra (Pen.) Aaarbur^, ar'boprg (>wiu.) Afferden, af-fer'den (TCeth.) Aland, o'land (R.) isl Aar^aii, ar'gou\Swilz.) Afibanistan, af-ga'nis-tau' or af-ga-nis'tan Alaobehr, al-a-o-liebr' A'ing-di)U (U. S.) Agoa de Peixes, a-;;6';i de pi'clias (Peu.) Albans, ;,l'bans (Eng.) Abia, a'bla (Pt-n.) Agoasde Moilra, a-go'as de moil'ra (Pen.) Aliiany jiPba-nv (iCS) Ablitssentani. ab'ias-ser-dam (Netli.) Agordo, a-gor'do (It.) Albarracib, iil-bar-ra'ttin (Pen) Abiis. a-bli' (Fr.) Agra, a'ira (Ind.) Albatasa. al-ba-tii'na (Pi-n ) Abo, 6'bop (K.) Agr.Lm a'groiu or'ojrom (Aus'r.) Albatera. iil-ba-te'r« (Pen) Abondie, ii-iHjng-di' (Switz.) Agri, a'gri (It.) r. Albegna, al-ben'va (It.) r. Abttukir. a-boo-kir' (Eg.) A^ua, agpo-a (Mex.) Albemarle, at-be-ntarl' (U. S.J AbreU, les, ]e Va-bra' (Fr.) Agujyo, a-goo-a'clio (Mex.) Albena, al'be-na (Ger.) r. Abruzzo, a-broodz'zo (It,) Agualulco, a-gpp-a-Iool*ko(Mex.) Albeiiga, al-ben'ga (It.) Abvigo, ab-vi'io (Switz.) Agua Kueva, a'gpo-a uoo-?'va (.Mex.) Alberea, al-be-re'.. (Pen.) Abyssinia, ab-ys-s.n'i-a (Af.) Aguas Calienlcs.a'i:oo-aska-B-en'tesse (Mcx.) Alberclie, a!-ber-che (Pen.) r. Acadia, a-ka'di-a Agiido, a-?oo*d6 (Pen.) AUiergaria, iil-ber-ga-ri'a (Pen.) Acailie, a-ka-dV (Can.) Aguiar, a-gi-ar' (Pen ) Alberoni. al-be-ro'ni (It) Acaiioneia, a-ka-p6-ne*ta (Mex.) Aguila Point, a-gi'ia (Pen.) Albert, al-liehi-' (Fr.) Aiapiilco, ak-ii-i'opl'ko (Mex.) Aguilar e Campo, a-si-lar' e kam'po (Pen ) AH»erta3, al-lier-tas' (Fr.) AciiriianiH. ii-Kdi-iia'ni-aora-k,ar-uu'iii-^(Gr.) Aguilas, de los, de ios a->;i"las (Peu.) Alberti, al-ber'ti (Austr.) Acatian, a-kat'iaii (Me\.) Aiiaus, a-bouse ((jer.) Albidoua, at-l-i-dd'na (U-) Aciumiili, ak-koo-nioo'fi (It.) Abmedebad, ahm-raed-a-bad' (Hind.) Albineii, al-bi'nen (Swilz.) Acebedo. a-tbe-be'do"(Pen.) Abniednuggur, itlini-'iied-»iu2'gur (llind.) Alitinona, al-bi-iiO'iia (U.) Acerenza, a-clie-ieu'dza (lu) Ahrensboek, iili'reiis-beuk' (Den.) A.bo. al'bo (It.) mt. Acenia, a-cher'na (It.) Aibliu?. rbliiig (Ger.) Alboz, al-botli' (Prn.) Aci-rrn, a-clier'ra (It.) Aich, iab (Ger.) Albreojuz. \m, los al-bre-o'ilios (Mex.) Ach, U\\ (Ger) Aich-^tadt, ich'stiit (Ger) AMmera, al-hoo-e'i-a (Pen.) Aclia, Sierra de, si-er'ra de a'clia (Mcx ) Aii-bacli, i'e-imdb' (Ger.) Albufera de VVlencia, .nl-boo'fe-ra de va-leu'- Achuiii, a-ka'va (Gr ) Aiile. a-gl' (Switz.) thi-a (Pen) Aclterings. p^-b-er-ings' (Ger.) Aigle. a.-r (Fr.) Albula, al-bpo'la (Switz ) r. AcbiTii, aili'ern (Ger.) Ai^refeuiUe, a-gr'-feii-i' or a-gr'-febyl' (Fr.) Albuquerque,' al-bop-ker'ke (Mcx. aud Pen.) Ariorolo dill, dell a-cbi-o-ro'lo (It-) Aigueperse, aii-perce (Fr.) Alburno. al-boor'uo (It ) mt. Aci Ilrale. a'cl.i re-i'le (It.) Ain, l)er>. of, eng (Fr ) Ai<-ala, al-ka-ii' (Pen ) Acinas, a-ibi'ii^s (Pen.) Aina, iii'na (Peu.) Alcala le Real, al-ka-la' le re-al' (Pen.) Acoitm. ii-ko'ius (Mcx.) Air, air (Fr) Aleala de Guidar.i, al-ka-la' Aix la Cbiipelle, aks la slia^pell (Ger.) Alcautaro. al-kau-!a'ro (It.) r Adaiuello. a-da-niel'lo (It.) wi(. Ajaccio, a-vJiicli'i-d (U.) Alcarez, ai-ka'retli (Pen) AdMmu?., ii-da-nipotli' (Pen.) AJHCcio. Giilf of. it-yatchl-O (X\.) Alcazar de S. Juan, al-ka-'.liai' de san flioo'un Adaiiu. a'da-na (iur.) Ajasatiiek, ii-jas-se-look' (Pen.) Adda, ad'da (It.) r. Ajo, a'cbo (Pen ) Alcino, al-cln'no (It.) mt. Adel a'delor a'del (Af) Akasyto, ii-kasb'io (Anstr 1 Airini, aUtlii'ra (Pen.) AdeUberg, a-dels-berg' (Aiistr) Akbarnibad, ak-bar-ra-liad* (ITind.) AlcobaCJt, aUko-'-a'ka (Pen.) Adelsheini, ii'dels-lilme (Gtr.) Akerman, o'ker-niau (K Alcobendas, al-ko-ben'diis (Pen) Aden, ii'den or a'deu (As.) Akieva, a'k]e-va(R.) Alcolea, iil-ko-le'a (Pen.) Adige, a'di-dge (Ii.) r. Akkruin, ak'kroom (Netli.) AlcoT, iil-ko'i (Pen) Adironlnk, ad-di-ron'l;ik Aksai, ak'sa (R.) r. Alcoy. kl-ko'i (Pen.) r. Adler, ad'ter (Auslr.) r. Aksen-ka, ak-5ciis'ktt (R.) Aldea Gallega, al-de*a giil-le'ga (Pen.) Adolf, ii'dolf (Sc. Pen.) Ala al;i (Austr.) Aldea Ponte, at-de'a pon-te (Pen.) late, far, lail, wbat. bat ; Meie. prey, lielp. tli^re. ler. line, marine, bird. fig; ^oie, duve, move, wolf, book, lord ; Tune, bull, nnite; Fr. long vflej Fr.sborlbUt, Fr. long eli, short i:"u,"as in spur; Final Iv, 1-r. Imouill^; An"ger, n"cious; gas sm pleasure; g. db guttural ; ny liquid; thasiupitb. 4(>2 PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. AMea Davila, ivl-de'a (la-v"i'la (Pen.) Alstelten. al-stet-len (Swiiz ) Aiijou ang-goo' (Fr ) Aidea Nueva, al-de'a nooe'va (Pen) Altamaha, al-la.u,a-haw' (U. S..) Ankenaes, au'ke-nase' (Sc Peu.) mt. Aldenau, iil-de-nou' (Ger.') Altamura, al-ta-nioora (It.) Annapolis, an-ua'po-lisse or an-nap'po-Us (Nova Scotia) Alderney, iil-der-iiC or al'der-ney (Ft.) iJ. Altels, al'tels (Switz.) Altliugen, al-ding'eii (Ger.) Altai, iil-tii'i (As ) Annonay, an-no-na' (Fr.) Aledo, a-le'do'(Fpn.) Alteu, al'ten (Sc. Pen.) r. Anpen, iin'pen (Netb.) Atckeandrooka, a-Iek-san-drpo'ka (R.) Allen, iil'ten (Switz.) Anspach. an3'spa6b (Ger.) Aieksandi-oosk, a-Iek-san-droosk' (,11.) Altenburg, al'ten-boorj (Ger.) Antino, iin-ti'no (It.) Aieksievsk, a-lek-sicvsk' (U.)' Alteufeld al'ten-leli' (Ger.) Antrim, an'trim (Ir.) Aleksieevka, a-lek-sie-ev'ka (R.) Altengard, al'ten-frord' (Sc. Pen.) Antwerp, ant'werp or ant'verp (Neth ) Aleksiii, a-lek'sin (R.) Altenkirclien, iiUleii-kir'ilien (Ger.) Auzico, au-tbi'ko (Af.) Aicks^'pal, ji-lek'so-ptil (R) Altensteig. aMen-stig' (Ger.) Apacbes, ii-piL'chesBc (Mex.) Apeldoorn, ap'pel-doru' (Neth ) Aleneon, ii-Iaiig-sgiig' or al-en'eon (Fr.) Altingbausen, al'ling-liou'sen (Switz.) Alentejo, a-Ien-te'iilio (Peu.) Altkirch. alt'kiraii' (Fr.) Apen, a'pen (Ger) Aleppo, a-lep'po or al-ep'po (Tur.) Alto, al'to (It.) mf. Apennines, ap'pen-niiies (It.) Aleria, a-le'ri-a, (It.) t. Altona, al'to-na (Den.) Apenrade, iUpeu-rii'de (Den.) Alessandria, a-les-aiin'dri-a (It.) Aluniiera, ii-loo-nii-e'ra (It.) Apenrade, a-pen-ra'de (Den.) g. AUesBandro, ii-Ies-san'dro (As.) iiL Alva, al'va (Pcii.) Appalacbicola, an-pa-lak-i-ko'la (U. S.) Appelsciie, ap'pels-ske (Netb.) Met, a-le' (Fr.) Alvarado, iil-vii-ra'do (Mex.) Aleur, a-IeTir' (Netli.) Alvarado, iil-vii-Ta'do (Mex.) r. Appeltum, ap'pel-toorn' (Netli.) Aleutum, al-o'slii-aD ial. Alvito, al-vi'to (Pen.) Appenzell, ap'pen-tseP (Switz ) Ajipia Via, ap'pi-a vi'a (It.) Alexandria, al-ex-an'dri-a (Eg,) AIz, iilts (Ger.) r. Alexandroo, at-ex-an'dioo (R ) Alzanne, iil-zoii' (Fr.) Appomattox, ap-po-mal'lox (TJ. S.) AJexHiidrookH, Mex-aa-aroo'ka (R.) Amager, u'nia-;:er(Deu.) isl. Aquafrediio, ix'kna-fred'do (It.) Ale.Kievka, a-lex-iev'ka (R.)' Amal, o'niiil (Sc. Pen.) Aquana, a-kwa'na (It.) Alfujarin, til-fa-clia'rin (Pen.) Amazon, iini'a-tlion or am'a-zon (S. Am.) Aquaverde, a-koo-a-ver'de (Mex.) Alfanihra, al-fam'bra (Pen.) Amarante, a-nia-riin'Ie (Pen.) Aquila, a'l.i-la (Pen.) Alfeld, al'felt (Ger.) Aniatlan, Ji-miit'lan (Mex.) Arabia, a-ra bi-a (As.) Alfcrevka, aUfe-rew'ka CR.) Aniberg, am'beig (Ger.) Aracan, a'ra-kaii (Eastern Tsl.) Altidena, alfi-de'na (It.) Anibert, ang'bebr (Fr.) Aragnn, ar'a-?on or a'ni-gon (Pen.) Alfontes, ai-fou'tesse (Pen.) Amblettuse, iing-brteuse (Fr.) Aragon, ar'a-gon or a'ra-gon (Pen.) r. Alfsta, alf'sta (Sc. Pen.) Amboy, am'boy (U. S.) Aragona, a-ia-go'na (It.) Aral, a'ral (As.) Algaj'da, al-^ja-jo'la (It.) Aniboynn, ani-boy'na (Fastcm Ibl.) A'garve, al-gar've (Pen.) Anibriert'S, iing-ilii-fire' (Fr.) Aran, a-rang' (Fr ) Alj^eciras, ril-ilie-tln'ras (Pen.) Ameland, ix'nie-iant (Netli.) isK Aranda, a-ran'da (Pen ) A!i;hero, aUge'ro, (It.) America, a'nier'i-ka Arandon, a-raug-dong' (Pr.) Airier?, al-jcers' (Af.) Ainersfoit, ii'meis-fort' (Netli.) Arangos, ii-ran'ggs (Auatr ) Algonquina, iil-gou'quiii or finEr-Efiii'qiiin Anierstol, ii'mer-slolc' (Nelli.) Aranjuez, ii'ian-fi'lioo'etb (Pen.) (Can ) Ambara. iim-bii'rii (Af.) Ararat, a'rii-rat or ar'a-rat tni. Alliania, al-ya'ma (Pen.) Amherst, ani'berst (U. S.) Aras, a'riia (R.) Alliandra. tiUyan'dra (Peu.) Amiens, ii-nii-ang' (Fr.) Aras, ii'riis (R.) r. Alibuiiar, al-i-boo-nar' (Auatr.) Araieva. ii-mi-e'va (Pen.) Arau, ii'rou (Switz.) Alicante, a-!i-kaii'te (Pen.) Aminabad, ii-nii'nii-bad' (Mex.) Arboga, ar-bo'ga (Sc. Pen.) isl Aticata, a-li-kii'ta (It.) Amite, am-ite' (U. vS ) Arbois, ar-bwa' (Pr ) Alicudi, a-li-koo'di (It.) isl. Amlwcli, am'Iook (Kng.) Arboleda, ar-bole'da (Mex.) e. Alife, al-j'fe (It.) Aniroer, iim'nier (Ger.) 15/. Arbos, ar'bos (Pen.) Alingsag, a-ting'sO^e (Sc Pen.) Ammer, (im'nier (Ger) r. Arc, ark (Switz,) Aljezvir, al-clie-tlioor' (Pen.) Animon St, Gallen, am'mnn sankt' gal'ieu Arcacban, Bassiii de, bas-sang'dar-kii-sliung' Alkieva, al-kicu'aVR.) (Switz.) (Fr.) A'knmar, iilk'mar (N'eth) Amonoosuck, am-mon-oo'auck Arcadia, ar-ka'di-a or nr-kii'di-a (Cor.) All Fahi, all fa'loo (Austr.) Amoor, ii-n»oor' (As.) Arcadia, Gulf of, ar-ka'di-a or ar-kii'di-a Ailaliahad, al-la-ba-liad' (Ind.) Ampilley, ang-pil-ye' (Fr.) Archangel, ar'dbang-el or iirk'arie-jel (U.) Allaines, ii-'ane' (Pr.) Amposta, am-pns't» (Pen.) Archangelsk. ar'dbiine-elsk (R.) Archipelago, ar-ki-pera-;.'0 (Tur.) AUnman, al'la-man' (Switz.) Amretsir, am-re't-sii (Hind.) Alle, al'Ie (Switz.) Anisii'g. iiiii'sig (Switz ) Arcuenta. iir koo-eu'ta (U.) mt. Allegliany, al-le-glia'ny (U. S.) Anisleidam, am'ster-dara (Nctli.) Arco, tir'ko (It.) r. Alleiidorl, iirien-dorr' (Ger.) Anadolia, an-a-U6'li-a (Tur.) Arcoli, ar'ko-Ii (It) Allensleig, aVlen-^ii^ (Ger.) Anagada de Puera, ii-na-gii'da de foo-e'ra Aicos, ar'kos (Peti.) Allenstcin, jirieii-siine' (Ger.) (Mex.) Arcos, los, los ar'kos (Peu. and Mex.) Aller, al'ier (Ger.) r. Anabuac. a'nii-00-iik' (Mex ) Arcot. iir-kot' (Rind.) AUcrup, iil-le-roop' (Deu.) Anahuac, a'ua-ofi-ak' (Mex.) mt. Ardara, ar-dii'ra (R.) Allia, arii-a (It/r. Anatolia, a-nii-to'li-a or an-a-lo'li-a (As.) Ardato, ar-dii'to (R.) Allier, iil-li-e' (Fr.) dep. Anclam, iui'kliira (Prus.) Ardecbe, ar-desb' (Fr.) drp. Altoa, al'!o-a (Scot.) Ancona, an-ko'iia (It.) Ardennes. ar-c'.6ne' (Fr.) dep. Alloiie, al-loiie' (Fr) Aucy Ic Franc, iing-ri' Ic friing' (Fr.) Ardetz, ar'dets (Switz.) Allschuwyler, al-?»Iioo-vl'ler (Switz.) Andalusia, au-dit-Iop'ei-a (Pen.) Ardobevo, iir-do-be'vo (R.) ATatadt, al'etat (Priis.) Andance, ang-dangce' (I'r.) Ardoz, iir'dotb (Pen.) Alniadrones, al-iuii-dro'nesse (Pen.) Andefingeii, iiu'de-fing-en (Switz,) Ardres, ar-dr' (Fr.) iilmagrt), lil-nia'gro (Pen.) Andermatt, an-iler-miit' (Switz.) Arefina, a-re-fi'na (R.) Almanza, iil-iiuin'tha (Pen.) Aridernacb, an-der-niicli' (Ger.) Avega, ji-ve'ga (Pen.) Almanzor, iil-niiin'tlior (Pen ) r. Andeux, ang-deu' (Fr.) Arena, a-re'na (It.) r. Almanzora, iil-niJin-tli6'ra (Pen.) r. Andes, au'dez (S. Am.) Arenas, a-re'na3 (Pen ) Almarez, al-niii'ielli (Pen.) Andorno, iin-dm'no (It.) Arenas, a-re'otis (Mex.) c. Atmazarron, al-ma-tiiiir'ron (Pen ) Andorro, jin-ilov'ra (Pen.) Arendal, a'ren-dahl' (Sc. Pen.) Alnieira, Gulf of, a!-me'i'ra (Pen.) Andover, an'do-ver (U. S.) Arendonk, ii-ren-donk' (Netb ) Almenara, al-nie-na'ra (Pen.) Andreasberg, an-dre'as-berg (Ger) Arensburg, a'reus-boorg (R,) Alinendobira, al-men-do-la'ra (It.) Andrews, St. an'drooz Arenswalde, ii'rens-val'de (Prus.) Almerin, Gulf of, al-me'ri-a (Peu.) Andro, im'dio (Gr.) Arequipa, ar-?-!a'jm (S. Am.) Almerode, iil-nie-ru'de (Ger.) Androscoggin, au-dros-kog'gin (U. S.) Areakutan, a'res-kii'tan (Sc, Pen.) mt. Almeteva, aUme-te'va (R.) Angilsk, Hti'gilsk (R.) Arevalo, ii-re'va-lo (Fen.) Alaiuzales, al-nioo-tbafessc (Pen.) Angerlo, an'ger-lo (Nctb.) Arezzo, a-rei'so (It.) Alnwick, alii'wick, sometimes an'nik (Eng.) Aiigernian, antt'er-man' (Sc. Pen.) Avganda, ar-gaa'da (Pen.) Alunzo, a-lyu'po (Pen.) Angermumle, ang'er-mfln'de (Pius.) Argeu, ar'geu (Get.) r. Alora. ii-16'ra (Peu.) Aiigilion, aa<;-uri-yng orang-gil-ygng' (Fr.) Anglesey, an'gl-sey (Eng ) Argent, ar-gang' (Fr.) Alp. alp (Switz ) Argenta, iir-jen'ta (It.) Aipedriz, al-pi.''dritl) (Pen.) Angora, aii-go'ra (As.) Argentaro, ar-jen-tii'ro (It.) ml. Alpera, al-pi-'ia (Pen.) Angostura, an-gos-too'ra (S. Am.) Argentat, av-gang-ta' (I'r.) Alpbach, alp'lnicb, (Switz.) Arigoulenie, ang-goo-ieme' (Fr.) Argenteuil, iir-giing-te-i'or iir'gang-tely (i'r.) Alphcn, al'len (Nctli.) Angoumoia, iiiig-j;po-niwa' (Fr.) Argenton, ar-gang-lgng' (Fr.) Alpeg, Lower, alp (Fr.) d^p. Angra, an'gra (At.) Arguiauelas, iir'gi-son-e'lils (Pen) Alpea, U|)per, iilp (Fr.) dej). Angreville, aiig-gr-nle' (Fr.) Argyle, iir-gyle' (Scot.) Alpi, iil'pi (It.) mt. Angula, im'gou-lH (Af.) Ariano, ii-ri-a'no (It ) Alps, alps (Gur. M'iirtemlierg) Angura, im-goo'ra (Tur.) Arica, a-ii'ka Alpujarras, al-pog-ihar'ra^ (Mex.) Anhalt, iin'buil (Ger.) Arignano, a-rin-ya'no (It) Alsarc, al-siire' (Fr.) Anbolt, iiu'bolt (Deu.) hi Arispe, a-iia'pe (Mex.) AUbjerg. als-byeii'' (Pen.) Anboltbye, aiVboIt-btt' (Di^n.) Aristovo, a-ris-lo'vo (R.) Alsen, iU'seii (Dtn.) isl. Anialaira, a-m-a-bir'ra (Pen) mt. Arizona. a-ri-tbO' (-0') na (Mex.) ANfeld, ata'lelt (Ger) Aniuas, a-ui'uas (Mex.) r. Arjes, iir'abesse (Peu.) Alscog, iilSkoog (Sc. Pen.) Anio, ii'iii-o (It.) r. Arjouilla, ar-dbo-nil'ya (Pen.) Fate, far, fiiU, wbgt, bat ; Wele, prey, Iielp. tlit re, ler; Pine, manne, bird, fig; Note, duvc, move, i\ olf, book, lord ; Tiine, bpU, uuitc; Fr. long vOcj 11.— Sut>p. 403 9o" PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Arkanans. ar-kan'sos or ar'kan-saw CU. S.) Aveyroii, ii-va-rnng (Fr.) rfc/). Bapaume, ba-p6me' (Ft.) Aries, aile (Fr.) Aviguon, a-vin-yoii^ (Fj.) Bar, bar (R.) Arlsheini, ai-'les-hioie' (Switz ) Avda, ii-\i'hi (Pen.) Bar le Due, bar le d&k (Fr.) Arlinsk, iLr-Iinsk (R.l Avranches, ii-vranesli' (Fr) Bar sur Aube, biir sur obe (Fi.) Armagh, iir'niaph (Ir.) Avry, a-vri' (Swiiz ) Axel, ak'se (Netli.) Bar sur Seme, bar sur sane (Ft) Armeiiia, iir-me'ni-a (R. andTur.) Baran, ba'ran (R) Aniiilii), ai-nu'li-o (It.) mt. Ayamoiite, a'>Li-nion'te (Pen) Bai*anQW, bii'ra-no (Austr ) Aimuuo, iir-raop'no (Pen ) Ayasoolook, ii'j ii-soo-Iouk' (Ao.) Barauyavar, bii-ran-yu'\ ar (Austr) Aiiiaii, iii'uou (Austr.) Ayr, air (Sc^t ) co. Baraque, la, bii-rake' (Fr.) Avnay k Due, tir'jia le diik (Fr.) Ayrshire, air'shirc (Scot) Baraques, ba-rake' (Fr.) Arucimuden, ar'ne-moi'den (Kctli.) Azov, a'zov (R) Baratto Points, bii-viil'to (It,) Ariilieim, iirn'Iume (Netli) Azov, a'zo7 ( li ) .». Barau, ba'rou (Austr) Arno, Ur'uo (It) r. Azores, a-zores' Barbadoes, bar-badoz (W. lu 1.) Arnoiiltl, ar-noti' (Fr.) i Azuaga, li-tboo-a'ga (IVu.) Barbary, biir'ba-ry (Af.) Ariistadt, iiru'sfat (Ger.) Earbastro, bar-biis'tro (Pen.) Ariisteiii, iim'sliiie (Ger.) Barbezieux, bar-be-/i-eV (Fr ) Aroostouk, a-roos'took (V. S.) B. Barbonne, biir-boue' (Fr,) ArpiiJDD, lir-i'ii-goug' (Ft > Barbuda, bar-boo'Ja (\V. Ind > Ariiino, iir-pi'no (It) Aiques. liik (Fr.) Arras, dr-ra' (Fr.) Barcarotta, bar-ka-rot'ta (Pen.) Baabdwtk, bavd'wike (Netli.) Barcellos, bar-thel'yns (Pen.) Bdbelmandeb (ur -del), bii'bcl-iimu'del (Ar.) Barcelona, biir-the-lO'na (Pen ) Arrcau, iir-ro' (Fr.) Babiusk, ba'bin^k (U) Barcelouette, bar-ce-lo-nfite' (Fi.^ Arrie^ie, lir-ii-Cge' (Fr ) dfp. Arrone, ar-ro'iie (It.) r. Babiiiovitchi, ba-bi-no-vit'c)ri "?) Earcn, el. el biii-'ko (Pen ) Habiocora, ba-hi-o-ko'ra (Mex ) Bardi. biir'di (It ) Arsk, iirsk (II)" Kabispe, ba-biVpe (Mex.) Bareges, ba-iige (Fr.) Artcliatliiisk, iirt'cba-dinsk Ai'tegna, iir-leu'.va (It.) Arteniiy, iir-te-iia' (Fi' ) Kacalar, bii-ka-liu-' (Mex.) Barflear, biir-lleur' (Fr.) Kaccaia, Plain of, biik-ka'ra (Eg.) Bargeu, bar'geu (Swit?.) Arlh, art (Sn-ftz.) Itacchiglone, biik-ki-glone (II.) Bari, ba'ri (It. and Pen > Arlois, ar-twa' (Fr.) Itacbanucbi, ba-cha-uoo'ctii (Mex) Baria, bii-ri'a (Pen.) Ariu'la, a-roo-e'la (Pen.'^ Itachniatchagovsk, bac'h'-niatch-ii-gnvsk' (E.) Barilla, ba-ril'ya or bS-ri'va (M(X.) Arimdil, ar'un-del (U. i^,) Bacovicza, ba-ko-\i'cha (Austr.) Barletta, bar-lel'ta (It.) Arve. ar've (It.) r. Bacs, bach (Af.) Barueville, barn-\ile' (Fr.) Arvika, itr-vi'ka (Sc. Pea ) Badagry. ba-dag'ry (Af.) Barnot, biir'nu' (Netli.) AscHtlHii, iis-kafiiiu (Mex.) Bad^os, ba-da-(^,lioth' (Af.) Barustorf, baru'stnrf (Ger.) ! Ascl-iiirculjurir, iish-shaffen-boorg (Ger) Badaloiia, bii-da-lo'ua (Pen ) Baroach, ba-rok' (Iliud.) AseliUcrtr. iish'ber^ (Deu.) Baden, bii'den (Ger. Switz.) Barocero, ba-rO'cbe-ro (It.) mt. Asclierskben iisli'shers-le'beu (Priis ) Baden WeUer, ba'den vVler (Ger.) Barota, bil-ro'ta (Austr) Ascoli, as'ko-li (It ) Baeza, ba-e'tlia (Pen ) Barra d' Arena, biir'ra dti-re'na (Mex.) Ascutnev, iis-kut'nv Bagajo, ba-ga'5lio (Pen.) Barradcl Tordo, bar'ia del lor'do (Mex.) Asele, ii'sr-le (Sc. Pen.) Bagdad, bag-dad' (Tur) Barra de Istapa bar'ra de is-la'pa Asliantei', ii-shan'te (Al.) Bagdat, bag'dat (U.) Barra Nova, biir'ra uo'va (Pen ) Ashtaliiilii, ash-ta-bu'la (U. S) Bages, biige (Fr.) Barracas, bar'ra-kas (Pen.) Asia, a'slii-a BagneresdeBigorrc, biin-ygre'debi-gore (Fr ) Barre, la, labiire (f r ) Asiiiara, ii-si-na'ra (It.) ff. Bagneres de Lucbou, bau-jOre' de iCi-slinng' Barreme, bar-rfioie (tr.) Asiiiara, a-s'i-na'ra (It.) isl. (Fr.) Barrosa biir-ro'sa (Pen.) Askeraund, iis'kers-soond' (Sc. Pen.) Bagnols, ban-yol' (Fr) Bartheleniy, biir-tc-le-nia' (or mi) Q't,) Aspehicr, iis'pc-lahr'"{Neth ) BagQUoli, bau-yoo-6'li (Ii ) Barulli. bii'root (Pnis ) Aspereii, iis'pe-reu (Netli.) Assiim, as'siiiQ (lad ) Bahamas, ba-lia'iiins isl. Bas, ba(Fr.)/5/. Bahar, bii-luir' (Austi ) Basle, ba'zel (Fng.) biile (Switz ) Asst'ii, as'seii (Neth ) Bahia, bii-Ui'a (Braz.) pr. Basilicata, bii-zi-ii-ka'ta (It.) Astiirali, ns-tii-rali (li.) Baliia, c. or San Salvador, bii-hi'a Basques, Radc des, rade de biisk (Fr.) Asterabad, as-ter-a-bad' Bahireh, hahi'reh (Eg) Bassano, bas-sa'no (It.) Asti, iis'ti (It.) Bahlow, bii'lo (Ger.) Bassarova, biis-sii-ro'va (R.) Astley, list'li (Mex.) r. Baiern, or Bavaria, bi'ern (Ger.) Basserstorf, bas'sers-tnrf (Sw itz.) Astraklian, lis'tra-dhan' or 88-ti&-Sliau' Baikal, bi'kal (As) Bassora, bas'sO-ra (Tur ) Asturias, iis-too'ii-iU (Pen.) Bailleul, ba-i-elU' or biil-yeul' (Fr.) Bastia, has'li-a (It ) Atncamn, at-a-kii'raa Bain, bang (Fr.) Bastide de Seron, bas-tide' de se-rong' (Fr) Atatlaiica. a-tat-Iou'ka (Mex.) Baita, bi'ta (Mex ) Bastogne, bas-tony' (Neth.) Atcliaral;iya, acli-a-fa-li'a (U. S ) Bajrt, hi'ya (It.) Batak, bii'lake (F.astern Isl.) Atclntska', acli-its'ka Bakel, ba'kel (Neth,) Batal Patchinsk. bii'tal pat'chinsk (R.) AtliHpcsuuw, atit-a-pes'ko (U. 3.) Bakonyer W'ald, la-kou'yer viilt (Austr ) Batavia, ba-iu'M-a (Australasian and Brari- Atbeiis, alli'ens (Or.) Bala, ba'Ia (Austr.) iiau) Atliloiie, utli-loue' Balaghauis, bal'a-ghauts (HiuU.) Rateai, ba-te-al'(Me.x-) Alliiniic, at-!aii'tik oc. Bahtiguc, bii-lOg (Swit/.) Bath, bate (Neth. and Hungary, Austr.) Atlas, at'las (Af.) mt. Balakna, bii-lak'na (II.) Batlmrst, ba'thurst (Austral.) Attica, al'ti-ka (Gr.) Balasorc, baKa-sOre (Hind ) Baton IWuge, bii'tong rooge (U. S.) Atui, a-too't Balaton, lit'ia-ton (Austr.) I. Batonya, ba-ton'ya (Austr.) Baloiuiusk, bii-tou-rinsk' (R) Aul)aiicliu^uil, 0- bang- all e-i' (Fr.) Balbec,orBaalbLC, bi\l-bek' or ba-iil'bek (Syr ) Aube, 6l)e (Fr.) dep. Aube, Oljc (Fr.) r. Balbignav, biil-biii-\i' (Fr.) Baldeker^ lal'de-keV (Switz.) t. Batrina, bii-lri'na (Austr.) BattagUa, bat-tal'ya (It) Aubigny, 0-bui-ji' (Fr.) Balfurosh, bal-fu-ntsh' (Per.) Baturin, bii-tu-riu' (R.) Aiule. ode, (Fr.) dep. Bahci, bii-lVcbi (ll.) r. Bauge, boge (Fr.) Audicnie, 6-ui-erne' (Fr.) Bahze, bii-li'the (or se) (Me.\.) I. and r. Baumu, bou'ma (Switz ) Auc, on'e (Ger.) r. Balk, balk (FrieslanO; Kcth ) Baume les Dames, borne le diimc (Fr) Aiicrbach, ou'er-Ladb' (Gtr.) Balkan, biil-kuu' (Tur.) ml. Bausset, le, le bos-se' (Fr.) Augc, oye (Fr.) Balki, biil'ki (II ) Bautersem, bou'ter-seni (Neth ) Aiigsliuig, ouks'boor^ (Gi r ) Balligrod, bal'Ji-grud (Austr.) Bautzen, buut'tsen (Ger.) Augusta, au-giis'ta (U. S ) BalUuasIoc, bal-lin-as-loe' (Iv.) Bavaria, or Baieru, ba-\a'ri-a (Gei.) Aula. I-ower, ou'la (Ger.) Ballon d'Alsacc. baUloug' daUsace' (Fr.) Bavay, bii-va' (Fr.) Auluc, one (Fr ) r. Bally Shannon, bal'ly sliau'uou (Ir ) Baxeni, biik'sem (Neth ) Ault, o (Fr) Balmonte, bal'mon-te (Pen.) Bayavid, bi'a-rid (Arm.' Auiiiale, o-nial' (Fr ) Balok Stein, ba lock siiiv (Ucu ) Bayeux, ba-yeV (Fr.) Auaietz, o-mctz* (Fr.) Balta, biil'ta (R ) Bayoua, bli-yo'ua (Pen.) Auinont, o-mong' (Fr.) Baltrum, biil'trooui (Ger) hi. Bayona, bii-jo'na (Mex.) r. Aunis, 0-iii' (Fr.) Balzers, biilt'scra (Switz.) Bayonnc, ba-yone' (Fr.) Auruiisaliad, 0-rmis'a-l>ad' (Hind ) Bamberg, bam'berg (Gtr > Bayonne, ba-yon'ue (Me\ ) Ausleilitz, ou'ster-lits (Ger. Neth ) Bambook, bani-book' (Ai ) Bayonnc, bii-yone' (Fr.) A. Australnsia, aus-tral-a'slii-a Bana, la, la bii'ua (Pen.) Bayonno, bii-yon'uo (Mex ) Australia, aus-tra'li-a Bancveld, bii'ae.felt (Nuih ) Bayreulb, bi'roit (Ger.) Ausiria, Ocstcrreich. tJti'ster-viilU* (Gci) Banff, or Baniff, bamf (Scui.) Bazage, la, lii ba-ziige' (Fr.) Autauga, au-tau'ga (U. S ) Banff, banf (Sctit ) co. Bazagoua, ba-tha-gO'na (Pen ) Auvergne. o-verny' (Fr ) Baufy Ilunytid, biiiilj hoou'jiid (Austr) Beard, bc-aUr' (Fr.) Auxi-rre, o3-sfire' iFr ) Bangkok, bang-kok' (As.) Beaufort, bo-for' (Fr.) Auxun, u3-fi>ng' (Fr.) Banhalma, ban-liiil'ma (Austr.) Beaugency, bo-gLing-si' (Fr.) Auxoiiue, t)S-s6ae' (Fi.) Baunat, biiu'uat (Austr.) Beauharn'ois, bo-bar-nwa' (Can ) A\tlliuu, ii'vel-Li'no (ll ) Baunettes, les, Ic bJin-nCte (Fr ) Beaujolais, bo-go-la' (Fr) Averiio, a-vtr'uo (It.) /. Banovcze, bii-uov'che (Austr ) Beauiieu, bo-li-cii' (Fr.) Amsiics, a-viiin;' (Fr.) Baiisacb, biin'^aiih (Ger) r. Beaumes, les, le borne (Fr ) ^ — — Fr. short liiti Fr. long e'li, sliort e"u, as in si'ur Final Iv, Fr. 1 mouillfi; An"ger, vi"cioi s ; g as s in p •iiii Icasure; &,6hgut'ur;il; ny liquid i tbasinpilh. PKONUNCIATION OF MODEEN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Beaumetz, l)0-nietz' (Fr.) Keauniontle Chetif, bo-mong'ie slie-tif (Fr.) Beaumont le Vicomle, Ijo-moug' le n-kougt (Fr.) Beaumunt Loniaque, bo-mong' lo-uiake' (Fr.) Peaiipreau. bo-pro' (Fr.) Reauvaia, bo-va' (Fr.) Beauvoir, bo-vwiir' (Fr.) Bechin, be-5liin' (Austr.) Bedfordshire, beil'lord-sinre (Eng.) Be(Vetti, be-tlret'li (Switz.) v. Bedretto. be-dret'tn (Switz.) Beeder, bec'der (Hind.) Beek, bake (Netli) Beeta, bats (Neili.) Belirend, bch'reiit (Pnis.) Beira, bi'ra (Pen.) Bejapoor, bc'ja-itonr' (Ilincl ) Belfort, bel'lore' (Fr.) Belgium, Ijel'gi-um Belyrnde, bel'jjrade (Tur.) Beliebei, bel'ye-lji (R.) Belin, be-lang;' (Fr.) Bclilz, bVlils(Prus) Bella, la, la bel'la (It) Bellano, bel-la'no (It) Bellavisfa, bella-vis'la (It.) e. Lelle Allinnce, bel al-li-iinsce' (N'eth.) Belle F.toilc, bel e-twale' (Fr.) Belle Isle. beHle (Fr.) Bellerliase, bel-sbase' (Can.) Bellegarde, bel-jriirde' (Fr.) Belleville, be]-v*:le' (Fr.) Bellcvue, bel-vfle' (Fr ) Bellicourt, bel-li-coor' (Fr.) Bellinge, bellin^-tje (Tten > Beliiuznna, bel-lhi-dzo'fla (Snitz.) Bello, bel'Io (It ) mt. Bellunese, bei'loo-iie'ze (It.) Belluno, bel-loo'iio (It) Belmez. bel-metb' (Pen.) Belmont, bel-mong' (Fr.) Belmonte, bel-nion'te (Pen.) Beloocliistaii, be-lpo-cliis-taii' (Per.) ' Belorado, be-lo-rii'do (Pen.) Belp, belp (Snitz) Belt, Great and Little, Iielt (Den,) Bembeza, bem-be'tlia (Pen.) r. Bembibre, bem-bi'bre (Pen.) Benalva, be-nal'vn (Pen.) Benanifji, be'na-mc-clii (Pen ) Benarez. ben-a'rez (Iliiid.) Benaudet, be-no-de' (Fr.) h. Beuavente, be-na-ven'te (Pen.) Beuavento, be-nii-veu'to (It.) Bender, beii'der (U.) Bengal, ben-giil' (Ind) Benin, ben-in' (Af.) Beninguet, be-natig' pfia (Fr.) isL Benito, Don, don be-ni'to (Fen.) Benken, beng'ken (Switz.) Bennebrof^k, ben'iie-bi 6k' (Neth.) Benoitville, be-nua^vile' (Fr.) Bentheim, benfiiime ((5er.) Bentsrben, bent'sben (Pnis.) Ber, Kleinc. kli'ne behr' (Austr.) Berar, be-rar' (lliiid.) Berat, be-iiit' (Tur ) Beraun, be'roun (Hind.) r. Berberino, ber-be-ri'no (i'.) Berda, ber'da (Sc. Pen ) r. Berda. ber'da (R ) Bere, be're (Switz.) Berenbacli, be'ren-ba6h' (Ger.) Beresina, be-re-zi'na (R.) Berg, ber^ (Switz. and Ger.) Berga, ber'da (Pen.) Bergamo, ber'ga-mo (It.) Bergedorf, bei'ge-dovr (Hen ) Bergen, ber'i;en (Ger. Neth. Sc. Pen.) Bergen-up-Zoom, ber'gen-up-som (Netb.) Bergere. la, la, lier-gfirc' (Fr.) BergH'behook, berg'ske-lioke' (Neth.) Berikki, be'ri-kli (R.) Berintren. be'rinn-en (Neth.) Iterislav, be-ris'lav (R.) Berkel, ber'kel (Neth.) r. Berki, bei'ki (Austr ) Berkshire, burk'sbire (Fng.) Berlikum, ber'ii-koom (Neth ) lierhii, ber-Iine' (Prus.) Berliaga?, ber-liii'giis (Pen.) isL Bern, bern ("^witz.) iJernalda, ber-nal'da (It) Uernaid, ber'niiid (Snitz.) Bernau, ber'nou (Ger ) Beruiaiurt, ber-in-coor' (Fr.) Bernstadt, bern'slat (Ger) Bernstein, bern'stine (Ger.) Berre, b6r (Fr.) I. Berri, ber-ri' (Kr.) Berscliis, ber'sliis (Switz.) Bersova, ber-so'va (Austr.) Berthier, ber-ti-e' (Can ) Bertischwyl. ber'tisb-vile (Swil?.) Bertogne, ber-tonv' (Neth.) Berum, be'room (Netli.) Bermck, ber'rick (Scot ) co. Bery au Bac, be-ii' o bak' (Fr ) Besancon, be-sang-sgng' (Fr.) Bessarabia, bes-sii-ra'b'i-a (II.) Bessel, bes'sel (Netli.) Bessem, bes'aem (Neth ) Bessicre de Lif, le, lij bes-si-Cre' de oT (Fi.) Best, best (Neth.) Betauzos, be-tan'tbos (Pen.) Betliou, Iiii-ton-;' (Fr.) Bethune, be-tOne' (Vt.) Bettivissen. bet-ti-vis'sen (Switz) Bettona, bet-to'ua (It.) Betz, bets (Neth.) Beuiien, l)oi'gen (Netli.) Beuthen. boi'teu (Prus.) Bevelantl, North and South, be've-lsint (N'eth ) Bevcren, be've-ren (Neth-) Bevera, be'vers (Snitz) Beverwyk, be'ver-vike (N?th.) Bevilagua, be-\'i-!a'gwa (It.) Beyra, bi'ra or ba'ra (Port.) Beysagoly, bey-sii-go'iy (R.) Beyroot, or Beirut, bi-rgot' or bi-rCit' (A3.) Beziers, be-zi-e' (Fi'.) Bhatgong, bat-gnug' (Iliiid.) Bbotan, bo'tan (Ind.) Bhmipoor, boort-poor' (lliiid.) Biafra, bi-a'fra (Al.) Bialystok, bia-lis'tgk (R.) Bianco, bi-an'ko (It. and Gr) c Biasca, bi-as'ka (Switz.) Biasco, bi-iis'ko (It) Bibbieno, bib-bi-e'no (It.) Bibbona, bib-ljo iia (It.) Biberac, bi-be-rak' (Fr ) Biberach, b*i'be-ra6li (Ger.) Biberist, bi'be-rist (Switz.) Bidart, bi-dar' (Fr) Biecz, bietch (Austr.) Biehla, bi'la (Switz ) Biel Gorod. biel go'rgd (R ) Bielaia Tserkov, bi'af-e'ya Iser'kov (R.) Bielefeld, bile-felt (Ger.) Biella, bi-el'a (It.) Bielo, bie'lo(R) I. Bielo Ozero, iiie'lo 6'ze-ro (R.) Bieloe More, bie'loe mo're (R.) Bielokalitvensk, bie-lo-ka-lit'veusk (R) Bielotch, bie-b^tch' (R.) Bielovodsk, hie'Io-vodsk' (R.) Bielsk. bi-elsk' (R ) Bienne, l)i-6ne' (Switz.) I. Bienvenida, bi-eti-ve-ni'da (Feu.) Bierbye, bir'bu (Den.) Bierua, bi-er'na (R.) Biessen, bi'sen (Neth.) _ Biesvcrskov, bice'vers-kove (Dcn.^. Bifenio, bi-fer'no (It.) r. Bignasco, bin-yivs'ko (Switz.) Biguglia, bi-i£ool'ya (It.) T Bikity, bi-ki'ti (Austr.) Bilbao, bil-bLi'o (Pen.) Biliarsk, bil-yarsk' (R ) BiUe, bil'le (Den.) r. Billesborg, bil'les-bgrg (Pea. Bilson, bil'snii (Neth.) Bilten, bil'len (Switz.) Biltsy, bilt'sy (R.) Bilzberg, bilts'berg (Switz.) Binasca, bi-nas'ka (It.) Bingen, biiiji'en (Ger.) Binnen, bhi'nen (Ger.) /. Binncnbuttel, biu'neu-boot'tel (Ger.) Blonville, bi-gng-vile' (Fr.) Biobio, bi'o-bi-o (S. Ath) r. Bircarcarn, bii-kar-ka'ra (It) Birdaau, bir'Uane (Netb.) Biri, bi'ii (Sc. Pen ) Birkenfeld, bir'keu-felt' (Ger.) Birket-el-Manot, bir'ket-el-man-^^t' (Eg.) Birmah, bur'nia Bii-nbach, biru'baili (Ger.) Birnbaum, birn-boum' (Ger.) Biron, bi-rgng' (Fr.) Bironico, bi-ro'iii-ko (Switz.) Birse, bir'ze (Snitz.) r. Birsk, birsk (R.) Biscay, bis'kay (Pen.) Bischoffstein, bish'sbgf-stine' (Ger.) Bischofsburg bisb'sbofs-hoorg (Ger.) Bischofswerda, bish'sligfs-v'er'da (Ger.) Bischofszell, bish'sligfs-tsel' (Switz ) Bisignano, bi-zin-ya'no (It.) Bissone, bis'sone (Switz.) Bistritizu, bis-tri-ti'tsa (Austr.) Bistritzora, bis-trit-tso'ra (Austr.) Bisztra, bitcli'tra (Austr.) Biszica, bi-chi'ka (Austr.) Bitesch, bi'tesh (Austr.) Bivers, bi-veve' (Neth.) Bizeec, bi'ts'ech (R.) Bjorko, bye'iir'ko (R.) Bjorkon, byetir'kon (Sc. Pen.) isJ. Bjorna, bytTur'na (Sc. Pen ) Bjorneborg, byetir'ne-borg (R.) Bjombolin, byeur'ne-hg)m (Dtn ) Bjornoer, byeur-neli'er (Sc. Pen ) Blaavand's tlook, blo'viiud (Den.) Black Forest, black (Ger ) Bladel, blii'del (Neth.) Blain, hlang (Fr.) Blainville, blang-v'ile' (Kr.) Blamont, bla-mgug' (Fr.) Blanc, le, le blang' (Fr.) mt. Blanca, blan'ka (Pen.) Blanco, blan'ko (Pen.) c Blankeoberg, blan"ken-ber§ fNetb. and Ger ) Blankenburg, bliin"ken-bogrg (Ger.) Blankenbain, blan"ken-biiie (Ger.) Blaiikcnheim, blan"ken-liiuie (Ger ) Blankenstein, blan"ken-stuie (Ger) Blaye, bla (Fr.) Bledas, ble'das (Pen) isl. Bieegum, ble'g. gm (Neth.) Blegiio, blen'yo (Switz.) rah Bleiskwyk, bfice'vike (Netli ) Blenheim or Btendheim, bleu'lurae or bleiil'- bime (Ger.) Bleybach, bli'badh (Switz) Bligli, bli (Australia) Blois, blwa (Fr.) Bludenz, blgg'dents (Austr) Blue RIonntiiins, bloo moun'taius (Australin, AuBtrnl. W. Itidi Eng. N. Am ) Blyttcrswvk, blit'ters-\ike (Netb) Bohack, bu'bak (Sc. Pen.) Bober, bo'ber (Prus.) r Bobersberg, bo'bera-berg (Prus) Bobina, bo-bi'na (R ) Bobr, b6br(R.) Bobrinetz, bo-bri'netz (R.) Bobrouisk, bo'brou-isk (R.) Bobrouska, bo-bmus'ka (R.) Bobrov, bu'brov (R.) Bobty, bob'ty (R.) Bocage, bo-kiige' (Fr.) Bocbetta Pass, bok-ke'ta (It.) Bochuia, hofli'ni-a (Austr.) Bocholz hoili'bolts (Neth.) Bockelo, bgk'ke-lo (Neth.) Boco, boko (It.) c. Boda, bo'da (Sc. Pen.) BodagiJ bo-da'go (Mex. ) Bodal, bO'dahl (Sc. Pen.) Bodeiiburg, bo'den-bggrg (Ger.) Bodeusec, bo'deii-ze (Ger ) Bodrog, bo'drgg (Austr.) r, Boelimen,or Bohemia, beu'nien (Austr.) Bccotia bc-o'slii-a (Gr.) Boeuf, buff Bogato, bo-ga'to (R.) Bogeusee, bu'jien-ze (Den) Bogogtiano, bo-ggn-ya'no (It") Bogorodsk, bo'go-rgdsk' (R.) Bogoroditsk, bo-go-io'ditsk (R.) Bogoroslau, bo-go-ros'liiu (R.) Bogota, bo-go'ta Bohemia, or Buelmien, bo-be'mi-a (Ausfr) Bohorodezany bo-ho-ru-de-sha'ni (Austr.) Bois le Due, bwa le duk (Netb ) Boissy S. Lcger, bwiis-si' sang le-ge' (Fr.) Boisne, bwaiie (Fr ) Boisseuil, bwas-seti-ior bwas-sebly (Fr) Boitzen boit'tsen (Den.) Boizenburg, boit'tsen-boorg (Ger ) Bojador, bo-ja-dorc' (At.) c. Bojano, ho-i-a'no (It.) Bukeulin, bO'ken-liue (Deu.) Bukhara, bgk-bii'ra (Tur.) Bocowiec, bo-ko-vyets' (Prus.) Bol Solecbiuki, bgl so-le-cbiu'k'i ^R.) Boladore, bo-la-dg're (It ) Bolivar, bo-li-var' (Mex.) Bolivia, bo-li'vi-a (S. Am.) Bolmen, bgl'men (Sc. Pen.) I. Bologna, bo-lgn'ya or bn-Igng'na (Ger.) Bolognese, bo-lgn-ye'se (It.) Bulsas, bol'siis (Mex.) r. Fat£ far,fal] what bat; Mete, prey, lielp. thCre, her; Pine, maiiue,bXid, fig; Note, dOve, move, wolf, hook; lord; lune,buU.tmte. Fr.luDgvQe; 4(j5 PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Bolsena, bol-se'na (It.) Bolsena, bg!-se'na (It.) I. Boltigeu, bol-ti'^eu (Switz.) Boniija, bnm'ba (It.) Bombay, boiii-bav' (Ind) Boraeni, bo'me-ni (R.) Bommal, boni'mal (Netli.) Bunimel, bnm'mel (Netb.) BoniQicl r^urd, bom'niel fjuril (?c. Fen ) Bommeloe, boni'rael-eu' (Sc. Veo.) Bonnacco, bo-niik'ko (Mex.) BaDaveiiture, bon'a-TaDg-tfi,re (Can.) Bonboillon, bong-boi-oug' or bong-bnl-yong' (Ir.) Boncbanip, I onfi-slianj;' (Fi:) Bonnelles, bg-ii6Ie' Boaele, bo-ne'te (Pen.) Bonifacio, Ijo-ui-fa'tcho (It.) Bonifacio, Strait of, bo-ni-fa'teho (It.) Bonnilla, bo-nil'ya (Pen.) Bonita, bu'ui-ta (Mex.) Bonne, bone (Fr.) Bonniaq'ie, bu-m-ake' CFr.) Bonnierea, bO-n'i-6re' (Ft) Bonny, bo-n'i' (Fr.) Bono, io'uo (It.) Bonorva, bo-nor'va (It.) Bonpas, bong-pa' (Fr.) Bonsaint, bong-eang' (Netli.) Boraas, bo-rose' (Sc. Pen.) Bora^a, bo-ra'^a (Austr.) Borciiorsdorf, bor'6liors-dgif' (Frua.) Bordes, bgrde (Fr.) Borgbolra.'borg-liolm' (Sc. Pen.) Borgo, bor'gb (Switz.) r. Borgofoite, Ijor'go-for'te (It) Bor^^jo, borg'slie'il (Sc. Pen.) Bonsuv, bo'ri-sfiv (R.) Boriziskowa, bo'ii-sliiJ-kO'va (Prus.) Borkulo, bor'ko9-lo (Netb.) Borkum, bgr'kogm (Neth.) Bormeo, bgr-me-o' (Fr.) Bormida, bgr-nji'da (It.) r. jlormio, bgi'nii-o (It ) Boi'uberguni, boru'ber-goom (Netb.) Borne, bgr'ne (Netb ) Borneo, bor'ne-o (Eastern Isl) Bornbolm, bgrn-hglni' (Sc. Ptu.) Bornou, bor-noo' (Af.) Borodino, bo-ro-di'no (R.) Boroa Sebcs, bo'ro3 Be'hcBse (Austr.) Borovitchi, bo-ro-rit'clii (K.) Borovsk, bo-rgvsk' (R) Borregaard, bgr're-gorfl (Den.) Borrev, bgr'rev (Austr.) Borsele, bor'se-le (Netb-) Borsk, bgrsk (R ") Boa, bo3 (Austr) tosa, bo'sa (It) 06C0, bijs'ko (Switz.) Boscono, bga-ko'ne (It.) Boakam, b03'kam"(Netb ) Boskoop, bgs-kope' Bosnia, bos'ui-a (Tur.) Bo3[jhorn3, bos'fo-rua (Tur.) Bostrop, bo3'irQp (Den) Boswcyl, bn3'\ile (Switz) Boszormeiiy, bo'sbor-mQ-ni (Austr.) Botbnia, Gulf of, -both'ni-a (II.) Botbnia, N. and W., both'iii-a (Sc. Pen ) Botlaro, bot-la'ro (It ) isl. Botto, bol'te (It.) isl. Botzen, bgl'sen (Austr.) Bouehain, boo-sliang' (Fr ) Boucberesse, ^oo-alig-resse' (Fr.) Boudri, boo-Jri' (Switz.) Bonilly, boo-yV or bool-yV (Fr.) Boulogne, Ijgo-lgny' (l''r.) Bourbon Lancy, boor-bgug' lang-s'i' (Fr.) Bourbon Velidicj' boor-bong' vang-de' (Fr.) Bourlonuoig, boor-bon-nwa' (Fr.) Buurbourg, boor-boor' (Fr.) Bonrdeaux, b9or-do' (Fr) Bcurdonnnye, bogr-dgn-niV (Fr.) Bourdouiiitre, la^lii boor-dgn-ni-6ie' (Fr). Bourg, boor (Switz.) Bourg d'Uii, le, ie bgor-deuiig' (Fr.) Cour[;aiieuf, bggr-ga-neul' (Fr.) Bourgcs, boorge' (Fr.) Bourgntuf, boor-neHf (Fr.) Bourgoin, boor-gwang' (Fr ) Boussoc, boos-sak' (Fr ) Bouvignois,' boo-vin-joii' (Nelb.) Boveda, bo-ve'da (Pen) Bovedo, la, la bo-ve'do (Pen.) Boveret, bo-ve-re' (Switz.) Boveruicr, bo-ver-ni-e' (SaIIz.) Bi'viano, bo-vi-a'uo (It.) Bovino, bo-vi'no (It.) Boxmeer, boks'mere (Neth.) Boxtel, bgks'tel (Netli ) Bozengen, bO'tseng-en (Switz.) Braade, brO'de (Deo.) Brabant, N. and S., bra'baat (Neth.) Bracciano, brat-cliii'no (It) Braccianno, brat-cliiin'no (It.) Brad, brad (Austr.) Braderup, brii'de-roop (Den.) Bracscbaet, bia'skiite (Nttli.) Brabestad, bra'Iie-stat (R) Brahma Pootra, bra'ma poo'tra (As.) r. Braine, brain (Fr.) Braine Ie Conipte, braiu lij cgngte' (Netli.) BrakenLeira, bra'kcn-bime (tier.) Brani, briim (Den.) r. Bramois, brii-mwa' (Switz.) Bramon, bra'mon (Sc. Pen.) isl. Bramsclie, bram'alie (Ger.) Branistedt, brani'stet (Den.) Branca Nova, bran'ka i 6'va (It.) Brancaleone, brau'ka-le-o'ue (It.) Brandeis, brant'ice (Austr.) Brandenburg, bran'den-boyrg (Prus ) Brando, bran'do (It.) Brannen, bran'nen (Switz.) Braask, bransk (R) Braskari, bras-kii'ii Bratbjerg, brtirbyerg (Den ) Brauuau, brnu'nou (Austr.) Braunsberg, brouna'berg (Fnis.) Brazil, bra-zil' or bra-zil' Brazza, brat'sa (Austr.) /., isl, Brecliiii, bre^h'in (Scot ) Brecknockshire, brcck'nock-ebire (Eng.) Breda, bre-da' (Neth.) Bredevooid, bre'dc-ford (Netb.) Bree, bre (Neth ) Bregcnz, bre'gents (Austr.) Breglio, brel'yo (it.) Breiniugegaard, bri'ninge-gord' (Den.) Breisacb, Old, bri'za^b (Ger.) Bremen, brfi'meu (Ger.) Bremerbafen, brft'mer-lia'fen (Ger.) Breoievorde, brfi'me-lOt'de (Ger.) Brendegaard, bren'de-;orde (Den.) Breno, bre'no (It. & Switz.) Brento d'Alba, bren'to dal'ba (It.) Brescia, bre'sba (It.) Bresciano, bre-shii'no (It) Brescon, Ft. de, for de bres-kgng' (Fr.) Breekens, bres'kcns (Neth.) Breslau, bres'lou (Pnis ) Bresse, bresse (Fr.) Brest, brest (Fr.) Bretagne, bre-tiiny' (Fr.) Breteuil, bre-teti-i or bre-tetily' (Fr.) Breuil, le, le breu-i or le br^y (Fr.) Brevine, bre-vine' (Switz.) Brezuicze, bresh-ni'clie (Austr.) Brezno Banya, bres'no bgn'yo (Austr) Brianyon, bri-ang-sgng' (tr.) Brie, tri (Fr ) Brielle, bri-61e' (Neth.) Brienz, bn'enla (Switz.) Brienz, bri'ents (Switz.) I. Brieune le Chat, bn-6ne' le sha (Fr.) Brigels. bii'gels (Switz.) BrignoUea, brin-;61e' (Fr.) Brindisi, bric'di-s'i (It.) Briou, bii-giig' (Fr.) Brione, bri-6ne'(Fr.) Brisago, bri-za'go (Switz ) Britannia, bn-taii'i-a Brilanny, brit'tan-ny (Fr.) Brives, brive (Fr.) Brix, bri (Fr.) Brixen, brik'st-n (Au'itr.) Bruby, bio'bil (Sc. Ptn ) Brocca della, del'la brok'ka (It ) Brocket, brok'kei (Ger.) Brockeu, brgk'ken (Ger.) Brockhuiszeii, brok'boi'seu (Netb.) Brody, brgd^h (Austr.) Brodslev, brOde'sliive (Ucn-) Broglio, brol'jo (Switz.) Bromberg, brom'ber^ (Prus.) Bromley, bruui'ley (Eng ) Bron, brgng (Fr.) Bionkborst, brongk'hgrst (Netb ) Bronnitzi, bron-nil'zi (R.) Broto, brg'to (Pen) Brouwersbaven, brou'crs-ha'fen (Netb ) Brovary, bro'vii-ry (R.) Brugea, biftge (t'r.) Brugiasco, brpg'iJJ!i.>»'ko (Swilz.) Brunecken. broo'nek-ken (Austr.) Brnuu, bruu (Austr) Brunswick [Braunschweig], bruus'wik or broim'sbvig (Ger.) Braqui^re, la, lii bru-ki-fire' (Fr.) Brusa, broo'sa (Tur.) Bruskow, broos'ko (Prus.) Brussels [Bruxellesj, brua'sels or brit-sel' (Neth.) BruBztura, broos-too'ra (Austr) Brzesc, br'-zetcU' (Austr.) Brzezauy, br'-zLe-zba-ni (Austr.) Brzozow, br'-zho-sho (Austr.) Brzuchowice, br'-zboo-dlio-vi'tse (Austr.) Bublitz, boo'blits (Prus.) Bucellaa, bgo-tlieryas (Pen) Buclis, books (Switz.) Buckow, b'oo'ko (Prus.) Buda, or Ote'n, boo'da, 6'fen (Aualr-) Buda, boo'da (R.) isl. Budaraer, boo'dii-mere (Austr.) Budendikghor, boo-Oea-dik'ghOf (R.) Budweis, boot'vice (Astr.) Budwitz, lool'vita (Austr.) Budzanow, boot-za'no (Austr.) Buena Vista, boo-e'na vis'ta (Mex.) Buenoa Ayrea, boo-e'ngs i'rcsse (S. Am.) Buffalora'l'asa, bo'of-fa-lo'ra (Switz) Buhler, bot/ler (Switz.) BuhlerthalVboo'ler-tahl (Ger.) Bukaria, Little, bop-ka' (or ka') ri-a (Ae ) Bukke Fjord, book'fae-fyord (Sc. Pen.) Bukowina, boo-ko-n'na (Austr.) Bulgaria, bool-ga' (or ga') ri-a (Tur.) Bumassa, boo-mus'sa (Austr ) Buna BraddVn Head, bu'na brad'den bed (Scot.) Buntzlau, boonts'lou (Prus. Burbaguena, "boor-bii-ge'na (Pen ) Buien, bde'ren (Switz.)* Burg, boor^ (Den. and Netb.) Burgdorf, boorg'dorf (Switz.) Burgliausen, "boor^-hou'zeu (Ger. Burgia, boord'ja (It.) Burgoa, boor'gosse (Pen ) Burgundy, \jur-gun'dy (Fr. Bunca, bop-ri'ka (Mex.) Bursa, bpor'sa (Tur.) Bursztvn, bpors'iine (Austr) Burzlan, boorts'laf (Prus.) Busca, bpps'lia (It.) Bussem, booa'aem (Neth.) Buaserach, IJooa'ae-rliih (Switz.) Bussi, bils-si' (Switz.) Bussifire, la, lii liiis-s'i-fire' (Fr ) Bjen, bde'en (Den.) isl. C. Cabanes. ka-ba'DCsae (Pen.) Cabanea, lee, le ka-bane' (Fr.) Cabarraa, ka-bar'ras (U. S.) Cabello, kti-bel'yo or ka-he'yo (Mex.) Cabiolo, kii-bi-o'lo (Switz.) Cabool, or Cabul, kti-bopl' (As.) Cabovillano, ka-bo-\'il-} ii'no (Pen) Cabra, kii'bra (Pen.) Cabra, kii'bra r. Cabras, kii'brua (Pen. and It.) Cabraa, Sierra de laa, s'i-er'ra de las ka'bras (Pen.) Cabrera, ka-bre'ra (Pen.) isl. Cabriac, kii-bri-iik' (Fr.) Cabul, or Cabool, ka-bogi' (As.) Cabuliatau, ka-bpol-is-lan' (As.) Cacaluttu, kii-ka-loot'ta (Mex.) Caceres, ka'ihe-resse (Pen.) Cadaujuc, kii-do-giik' (Fr.) Cadenazza, ka-de-ntiL'sa (Swilz.) Cadereite, ka-de-ri'te (Mex.) Cadiz, ka'diih, (Pen.); ka'diz (Eng.) Cadaund, kal'ziint (Neth.) Caen, kang (Fr.) Caermaitbeu, ker-miii'tLen (Wales) Cagli, kal'yi (It.) Cagliari, kal-ya'n (It) Cagny, kan-ji' (Fr ) Cahir, kah'lier or kare (Ir.) Cahora, kii-ore' (Fr.) Cairo, kii-i'ro or ki'ro (It, and Eg.) Caithness, kalb'ness (Scot.) Cajuricbi, ka-dUog-ri'cbi (Mex.) Cala, Ras el, ras el ka'la (It.) Cala, ka'la (Pen.) r. Calabria Citra, ka-la'bri-achi'tra(It.)i ka-la' bri-a (Eng.) Calabria Ultra, ku-la'bri-a ool'tra (It.) Calafuria. ka-Iii-fpo'ri-a (It.) Calais, ka-la' (Fr.) ; kal'ia (Eng.) It. short biitiFrlong cti, sliorl eii, aa in spur ; Fiual k, Fr. ImouiUt; An"gcr, vi"ciou3; gas sin pleasure; ^ili guttural; ny Uquid; th as in pith. 466 PRONUNCIATION OP MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Calais, ka-la' (Fr.) deit.; kal'is (Eu--) Calaniocha. ka'la-niu'clia (Fen.) Calanda, kii-ljiu'da (Pen.) Calaspaira, kii-las-piir'ra (Pen.) Calatabalotta, kii-la-ta-bii-lot'ta (It.) Calalabalotta, ka-la-la-ba-lot'ta (It.) r. Calatavatura, kii-la-la-va-too'ra (It.) Calcasieu, kiil'ka-sliea or kufka-slieu (U S.) Calci. kiii-chi (It.) Calcutta, kal-kut'ta or kal-koot'la (lad ) Calderuu, Pciiif, kiil'de-rnu (Peu ) Calenlierg, kii'leu-berg ((5er.) Calitilt, kal-i-kut' (Ind.) California, kal-i-for'ui-a (N. Am.) Calipso, kii-lip'Bo (It.) CaUands Ook. kal'lants odh (Neth ) Callan, kiil-ja'o (Pen.) Callunbors, kiil'looa-borj (Den) Galore, ka-lO're (It.) r." Caltagirone, kiil-tii-ji-ro'ne (Sic.) Calva, kiil'va (It.) mt. Calvados, kiil-va'dos (Fr.) dtp. Calvados, Rocks of, kal-vii'dos (Fr.) Calzadilla, kiil-tha-dil'ya (Pen.) Camaloa, kil-nm-lo'a (Mex.) Carabe, la, lii kiingb (Fr.) Cambodia, kiim- (or kam-) bo'di-a (Ind.) Cambray, kans-bra' (Fr.) Cambresis Ic Chat, kiing-br'-zi' le sha (Fr.) Cambridge, kani'bridje Cambridgeshire, kaiu'bridjc-abire (Eng.) Camenz, ka'ments (Ger.) Camillare, kii-mil-lii're (It.) I. Cammiu. kiim-niine' (Prus.) Camogask, ka'mo-ciisk (Switz.) Campagna, kiim-pau'ja (It.) Campajia, kiiiii-pan'ya (Pen ) r. Campaua. la, la kiiia.pau'ya (Pen.) Campanella, kani-pii-nel'la (It.) c. Canipeclie, kiim-pt-'chs (Mc.\.); kam-pi'chi (Eng.) Campel, kiiiii'pel (Swilz) Campiglia, kiiiu-pii'vi-a (It.) CHmpoformio, kara-po-f■. Cereatiao, che.rea-ti'no (Switz ) Cerignola, che-rin'vo-la (It.) Cerigo, cher'i-go (Gr.) Cerisy, ce-ri-si' (Fr.) Cerreto, clier-re'to (It.) Cernay, cer-na' (Fr.) Cerro Colbrado, ther' (or ser") ro kol-brii'do (.VIex.) Ccrro Gorda, ther' (or ser') ro gor'da (Mex.) Cerro de S. Claro, ther' (or ser') ro do sau klii'ro (Mex.) Cerros, ther' (or aer') ros (Mex.) isl. Cervaro, clier-vii'ro (U.) r. Ceaauo, che-zii'no (It.) Cesareo Port, clie-za-re'o (It.) Ceaoiie, clie-zo'ue (It.)'r. Cettc, cette (Fr.)" Ccva, che'va (It.) Ceylon, cil-oiie' or ci'lon (Ind ) Cliaam, ^hiilim (Neth.) Chabaricha, chii-bii-ri'cha (R.) Chabarioa, cha-ba-ri'na (R.) Ciiahonois, shii-bo-nwa' (Fr.) Chaboursk, cliii'boursk (R) Chaffoy, sbiif-fwa' (Fr.) Chagny, ahau-yi' (Fr.) Chagouta, chii-gou'ta (R.) r. Chagovarsk, cliii'go-vai-ak (R.) Chagre, clui-gr' (S. Am.) Chailly, aha-i-yi' or shiU-yi'{Fr) Chaisedieu, la, lii sliasc-di-eil (Fr.) Chak Boulak, cliltk bou'lak (R) Chalani, shii-liiug' (Fr.) Challet, shiil-le' (Fr.) Chalonne, sliii-lone' (Fr.) Chalons aur Murae, shii-long'siir miirne (Fr) Chalons sur Soane. slia-lg'iig' siir soUa (Fr.) Cbama. cha'ma (Mex.) Chaaiarga. chii-mar'ga (Mex ) Chaaiberet, sliiing-bre' (Fr.) Chambery, sliiing-bri' (Fr.) Cliambroia, sliiing-brwa (Fr.) Chambry, shiing-liri' (Fr.) Chamouny, ahii~moo-ni' (Switz.); alia-mo9'ny (Eng. ) ■ ' Champaigae, sliiing-piiny'(Fr.) Champlain, shiia-plaug' (Can); cliem-plane' Cuampoton, chjioi-pu'tgn (Mex.) Chaaceaux, shiing-s6' (Fr.) Chanteuay, ahangt-uii' (Fr.) Chantenoy, shangt-iiwa (Fr.) Cliapala, chii-pii'ia (Mex.) Chapelle, la, lii sha-peie (Fr.) Chapelle Royale. ahii-pfile rw ii-yiihl' (Fr.) Charente, sbii-riiugt' (Fr.) dcp. Cliarente, Lower, sliii-riingt' (Fr.) dep. Cliareiiton, sha-iang-tnng' (Fr.) Cliarit6, la, lii shii-ri-te'' (Fr.) Charki, char'ki (11) Charlatskoi, chiir-liits'koi (R.) Charleniont, sbitrl-mnng' (Fr.) Charleroi, ahiirl-rwa''(Netli.) Cliarlottenberg, shiir-lgt'ten-ber^ (Prus.) Charlevoix, aharlc-voy' (U. S.) Charnies, sliarm (Fr.) Chiirmey, shar-md' (Switz.) Charily, aliar-iii' (Switz.) Charnlles, shii-iole' (Fr.) Cliaio , shti-ro' (Fr.) Fate, far, fall, what, bat ; Mete, proy, help, tliSre, her; Pine, marine, bird, fig; Note, d6ve, move, W9lf, book, lord ; Tiiue, b|ill, unite; Fr. long vie ; 407 PKONXTNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Charriore, sliar-ri-ore' (Fr.) Chiny, shi-tii (Neth.) Coligny, ko-lin-yi' (Switz.) Chars, shiir (Fr.) Chippenham, cliip'num (Eng.) Colima, ko-Ii'ma (Mex.) Chartres, eliartr' (Fr.) Cliippeway, chip''pe-way (U. Sj.) Colimies, ko-fi'mi-esse (Mex.J Ctiasseral, Bliiis-se-riil' (Switz.) mt. Chirow, ^iii'ro (Austr.) Collalto, kol-!al'to (It ) CliasBeron, slias-mng (Switz) mt. Chiusa, ki-pp'za (It.) Colleggio, kO-'.ed'ji-o (It ) Chat la Valiere, sha lii va-li-ftre' (Fr.) Chiusano, ki-oo-za'no (It.) Colloroe, kO'io-reu' (3w.) Chat LigBV. shii lin-vV (Fr.) Chatahooclic, chat-a^hoo'che (U. P.) r. Chiusi. ki-oo'zi (It.) Colmar, kol-mar' (Fr.) Chlinitza, ^lili-nit'sa (Austr) Colnett, kol'iiet (Mex.) c. Chataigiieraye. slia-tany-ra' (¥t.) Chliselburg. chli'zel-boorg (R.) Cologne, or Ka-ln, ko-IOuy', keliln (Ger); ko- lone' (Eng.) Cbatauqxie, cha-taw'que (U. S) Chlov, chlov (K.) Oliatejiu Camliresis, shii-l6' tang-br-?!* (Fr ) Chlumetz. ahloo'mets (Austr.) Colombia, ko-lom'bi-a Chateau ChinoD, shii-to' slii-nong' (Fr.) Chodzieseu, dhot'tsi-zen (Pr.) Colorado, kG-lo-ra'do (S. Am.) r. Chateau Loir, shii-lo' Iwiir (Fr. Chokchinsk, cliok-chiusk' (R. Colorados Point, ko-lo-rii'dtis (Mex.) Chateau Kenault, shii-to' rc-iio' (Fr ) Cholmoghory, chnl-mo^-lio-ry (R ) Coloma, ko-lor'na (II ) Clieateau Salins, slia-to' sa-laug' (Fr ) Cholula, clio-lop'Ui (.Mex.) Colonibretes, ko-lppm-bre'tesse (Pen.) hi. Chateau Thierry, sliii-to' ti-e-ri' (Fr ) Cliorbrow, dho'r'hro (Pr.) Coniaron, ko-ma-ron' (Austr.) Cliateaubourg, slm-to-boor (Fr ) ChorostcoT, clio-rost'ko (Austr.) Comayagua, ko-ma-ya'gwa (S. Am ) Chateaubriant, sba-to-bn-iing' (Fr.) Chotzen, cliot'sen (Austr.) Combeau Fontaine, kong-bo' fung-lane' (Fr.) ChateaiUin, sha-lij-laiig' (Fr.) Chowcs, kowz (Eng.) Combrondes, kong-bryng-de' (Fr.) Chateamieuf, sliii-lo-iielir (Fr.) Christburg, krisl'bpor^ (Fr.) Comero, ko'me-ro (It.) }nt. Chateauroux, s!ia-tu-roo' (Fr) Christiana, kiisl-i-a'ni-a (So, Pen.; Comino, ko-im'no (It) Cliatelet, shat-la' (Netiii) Cliristiansaud, kn'sti-ahn-siind' (Sc. Pen.) Como, kij'mo (It.) Cbatellerault. shii-iel-io' (Fr ) Christiansfeld, kri'sti-ulms-felt (Den.) Como, ko'nio (It.) t. Chatellier, sba-tel-li-e' (Fr) Christiaiisoe, kri'sti-ahns-etl (Sc. Pen.) Comorin, kora'o-rin (Hind. Cliatillon, sba-til-yong' or sha-fi-i-yong' (IV ) Cliristianstadt, kii'sli-ahu-slat or kri-shan- Comporla, kom-por'ta (Pen.) ChaliUon en Bazois, sha-td-yoog' ang ba-zwa stiit (Sc. Pen.) Compostella, kom-pos-tel'ya (Pen.) (Fr.) Christiuehamn, kri-sti'ne-liamn (Sc. Pen.) Coucentayna, kon-then-tina (Pen.) Cliatillon sur Indre, slia-lil-youg' stir an-dr' Christinestadt, kri-sti'ne-stat (Sc. Pen ) CoDcepcion, kon-thep-tbi-gu' (Cliili, Am.) ; (Fr.) Christoval, kris-to-viil" (Mex.) kon-sep'shun (Eng.) Cliatillon sur I-oing, sha-til-yong' stir Iwang Chuquisaca, cliop-ki-sii'ka (S. Am.) Concise, kong-cise' (Switz) (Fr.) Cieszanow, tsi-slia'no (Austr.) Concordia, kon-kor'di-a (It ) Chatillou sur Loire, sha-til-Tong' stir Iwar Cilicia, ci-lisli'i-:i (As ) Conde, la, la kgng-de' (Fr.) (Fr.) *' ° Cilician Gates, ci-Usli'an Conegliano, ko-nel'ya-no (It.) Chatillou sur Seine, sha-til-youg' stir sane CJimbres, tbitu'bresse (Pen.) Congaree, kon"ga-ree' (U. S.) (Fr.) Cimbrishamn, (.•im'bris-hamu (3c. Pen.) Congleton, kun-gl'ton (Eng ) Chatre, la, lii shatr' Cimiti, clii-nn'ii (It.) c. Congo, kon'go (Af.) Chatsk, cliatsk (R.) Cimone, clii-mo'ne (It.) Coni, ko'ni (It ) Cliaudenay, sboile-na' (Fr.) Cincinnati, cin-ciu-nafi (U. S) Connaught kon'nawt (Ir) Chaudiere, shO-di-fire' (U. S.) Ciuey, ci-na' (Neth ) Coiinaux, kon-n(5''(Fr.) Cliauniont, shO-mong' (Fr.) Cintra, ttnu'tra (Pen ) (Connecticut, kon-net'i-kut (U. S ) Chnussee, la, la shos-se' (Fr.) Ciicassia, cir-kas's'i-aorcir-kaa'slii-a (R ) Connemara, kon-ne-ma'ra (Ir.) Chaux de Fonda, sho de foiig (Switz.) Cirencester, sis'e-ter (Corn , Eng.) Couquista, la, la kgu-kis'ta (Pen.) Chaux du Milieu, sbo dA nn-Ii-eli (Switz.) Citta Nuova, cliit-lii' nno-6'va (U.) Constance, kgn-stantaork6ug-stangs'(Svrit2.> Cliavisnon, sliii-vin-vong' (Fr) Citta Vecchia. cliH-ta' vek'ki-a (It.) Constance, knn-stanls or koug-ataiigs' Chechkieev, cbecli'kyeev (11.) Cittadella, ch'it-ta'del'la (It ) (Switz.) I. Cheki, clie'ki (11.) Ciudad Real, thi- (or si-) oo-diid' rg-iil' (Mex ) Constance, or Constanz. kou-stants (Ger.) Cheles, clie'lesse (Pen.) Ciudad Rodrigo, tbi-oo-dad' ro dri'go (Pen.) Constantinople [Stainliool], kou-stan-li-no'- Chelmsford, cbeni/'ford (Cng.J Ciudadela, thi-po-da'de-la (Pen.) plc or stam-bppl (Tur ) Chelsea, chel'sv (Eng ) Ciurana, thi-oo-ra'na (Pen.) Conza, kond'za (It.) Cheltenham, chel'ten-liamorchelt'nuni (l^ng.) Civita Vecchia,' clii'vi-ta vek'ki-a (It ) Coo3, ko'os (U. S.) Clieniille, slie-nii-i' or sbe-nuij' (Fr.) Clabheeck, kliib'l.ake (Neth.) Coosliatchie, kops-halcli'y (U. S) Chemnitz, dfiem'nits (Ger.) Clailow, kla'do (Ger.) Copenhagen [fvjobuhavnj, ko-peu-ha'gfn Chemung, sbe-mnng' (U. S.) Clageufurt, kla'geu-foort (Austr.) (Den.) Chenango, she-naii'go (U. S.) Claiborne, kia'borne (l). S ) Ccpiapo, ko-pi-ii-po' (S. Am.) Chenisegorsk, clie-in'se-gorsk (R ) Clan, klahn (Sc. Pen ) /. Coquet, kok'et (Eng) Chenkoursk, chen-koursk' (R.) Clape, la, la klape (Fr.) CoquUle, la, la ko-ki-i' or ko-kily' (Fr.) Chepovska, che-pov-ska (R.) Clara, S;i, siin'ta kla'ra (Pen) Coquimbo, kO-kim'ljo (S. Am.) Cher, shfire (Fr.) dcp. Clareuo. klii-re'no (Switz.) Coquinas, kokwi'nas (It ) r. Cheran, ke-ran' (It.) r. Claro, kla'ro (Switz.) Corbeil, kor*be-i or kor-bely (Fr.) Cherbourg, shtre-boor' (Fr.) Clausenburg, klou'zen-boprg; (Austr.) Corbi&re, k(jr-bi-(fre' (Switz ) Chemiontane Glacier, shfire-moug-taUu' gla- Clausholm, klous-holm\(UeD.) Cordillera, kor-tiil'ye-ra (Brazil) mt. Bi-e' (Switz.) Ciausthal. klouAah'l (Ger.) Cordouan, kor-dup-auw' (Fr.) I. Cordova, or flinojosa, kgr-do'va (Pen.) Cherokee, cher-o-kee' (U, S,) Clavtte, la, la kl^te (Fr.) Cherso, kCr'so (Aui-tr.) isl. Cle'hnont, kle-mong' (Fr.) Corea, ko-re'a (As.) Chertscy, ches'se (Eng.) Clemeutiuo, klo-men-ti'no (It.) CoreUa, ko-rel'ya (Pen.) Chesapeake, ches'a-peake Clermont, kl^re-mong' (Fr.) Corfu, kgr'iop (Gr.) ist. Chesseaux, shes-sO' (Switz. Clermont de Lodeve, klCre-mong' de lo-dfive' Corgemont, korge-mgng' (S«itz ) Chetchkova, chetcli'ko-va (R.) (Fr.) Cona, ko'ri-a (Pen.) Chetimaches, shet-'i-miisli' (U. S.) Clermont en Argonne, klere-mnng' an ar- Corinth, kor'inth (Gr.) Clievagnes le Roy, slie-viiny' le iwh (Fr.) goiie' (Fr.) Corinthia, ko-rin'tlii-a (Gr) Chevenceau, slie-viing-so' (Fr.) Clermont Ferrand, klCre-mnng' fer-rang (Fr.) Corioli, ko-ri-6'li (U.) Cbeveney, shtHe-r.a' (Switz.) Cltven, or Ciiiavenna, chi-e'veu (It.) Cork, kgrk (Ir.) co. (Cheviot, chiv'i-ot (Scot.) mt. Cleves, kle'vesse (Ger.) Ck)rnieiUe3, kgr-me-i' or kor-mely' (FrO Chiana, Marsh of, ki-a'na (It.) Cleves und Berg, kle'vesse pont ber^i (Gcr.l Coraellaua, kpr-uel-ya'ua (Fen.) Chiaro. ki-uro (It.) mt. Clissa, klis'sa (Austr ) Coruia, kor'ui-a (It.) r. Cliiavari ki-ii-va'ri (It.) CUtherop, klith'er-i) (Eng.) Corno, kpr'no (It.) mt. Cliiavenna, or Cicven, ki-a-veu'na (It.) Clo-hei, kloti'iier (Ir.) Cornwall, kom'wiiU (Eng.) Cliicago, shii-kaw'go (U. S.) Cloglmakilty, klog-na-kil'ty (Ir.) Coronata, ko-ro-na'ta (Austr.) hi CLicapee, or Chicopee, diik-o-pee'or chik'o- Clusone, klpo-zo'ne (It.) r. Corps, kohr (Fr.) pee (U. S.) Cnua Germai'ia. knoo'a gcr-ma'na (Austr.) Coral de Almaguer, ko-iil' de iil-ma-ger* Chichester, chich'es-ter (Eng.) Cobadouga, kO-ba-ii'nD'ga (Pen ) *P'"> . „ . Chichis, chi'chi^ (Mex ) Cubleutz, kO'hlents fUer ) Corr&ze, kor-rfize' (Fr.) dep. Chicot, sl.Vko (V. S.) Coburg, ko'boorg (Ger ) Corsica, knr'si-ka (Fr.) hi. Chienti, cbi-on'ti (R.) Cocbiu, ko-chiue' (llmd.) Corso, kor'so (It.) c Ghievres, shi-^vr' (Neth ) Coclois, ko-khva' (Fr.i Corsoer, kor-zeVer (Den) Cliigiogna, kid-gon'ya (Swit? ) Coco, ko'ko (Mex.) Corte Fjgueira, knr'te li-gi'ra (Pen ) CUihualiua. tln-ooa'ooii (Mex.) Cocomaricopas, ko'ko-ma-ri-ko'pas (Mex ) Cortes, kpr'tesse [Pen ) Chili, chi'li (S. Am.)' ' Cocouato, kO-ko-iia'to (It ) Corunna, ko-roo'na (Pen.) Chilicothe, chil-h-koth'e (V. S.) Cndacavallo, kO'dii-ka-val'lo (It.) C. Corzola, kord'zo-Ia (Austr.) hi. CUilpanzinga, chil-piin-tliin' (or siu'l ga Cuguac, k6n-)ak' (Fr) Coscia, ko'sliia (It) hi. (Mex.) Cogullo Point, ko-go''.vo (Pen ) Coseiitz, ko'ze-lits (Prus.) Chiltepeque, cliil-te-pr'ke (Mex.) Chimaiapan, chi-niii-la'pan (Me.x Coign^res, kwan-ytire' (Fr.) Coshocton, kos-iiok'ton (U. S.) Coimbra, ko-iiu'hra (Pen.) Coslin, keus-lme' (Prus.) Chimalipa, chi-mu-li'pa (Mex.) Col de Cabres, kol de kahr' (Fr.) in!. Cosse le Kivier, k6lisse le ni-ri-e' (Fr; Chinjborazo, cliiiu-bo-ia'so (S. Am.) Colberg, kul'berg (Pr ) Cosseir, kos-s^re' (Af.) China, chi'na (As ) Colburu, kol'boorn (Neth ) Cossonex, kos'so-nex (Switz.) Cliiiiandega, ciri-nan-de'ga (Mex ) Colditz, kof'diis"(Ger.) Cotanes, ko-lii'nesse (Pen) Chinese Empire, clu-neae' (Jolianzo, ko-ii-tin'lho (Pen.) C6te d'Or, kote dore (Fr.) Jfp. Ciiinon, Ehi-nong' (Fr.) Coliares, ko-li-a'resse (Pen.) C6te3 du Nord, kote diie nohr (Fr) rf-p. Fr. Bhort bat ; Fr. long ^, short eu, as in spur ; Final Iv, Ir.lmouilltf; An"ger,ri"ciouSi gassinpl 4u3 easure; g, fib guttural i ny liquid; luasinpilh.j PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Cothen, keu'ten (Pms.) Dadizeel. tia'di-zele (Netli.) Delos, de'los (Gr.) Cotopaxi, ko-to-pax'i or ko-to-pa'6Iii (S. Am.) Daclen, dji'len (Netli.) Delsperg, dels'ijerdh (Switz.) Delta, dtl'ta (Eg.) Delvino, ue!-vi'uo (Austr.) Denier, de'raer (Nelll.) r. Demerara, dem-e-iJi"ra (S. Ani. Cottlju3, KoL'boosse (Vm^.) Uaenemark, or Denmark, da'iie-mark, dcu'- Cottcus, k.jt'tt-'ua (Switz.) mark Couilly, koo-yi' or kool-yi' (Jr.) Cagerliort, dii'ger-liort (R.) Coulaiiges sur YoDne,' koo-langge siu- i-one Dagliestan, da'glies-'tau' (11.) (I'r.) Dago, dii'go (H) ill. Demnia, dem'ni-a (Auslr ) Coupois. le, le kpo-pwa' (Tr.) DaLten, dali'len (Ger.) Den Berg, d4ne berSb (Nelb.) Cour Chevemy, koor sli6ve-«u' (TV.) Daliomey, tlali'he-may (Af.) Den Ilitzert, dCne bifzert (Netb ) Den Hock, dCiie book (Ncth.) Denbigh, den'be (Ir.) Courgeniiy, kooige-iia' (Switz.) Dakota, da-ku'ta (U. S.; Courluiid, or Kurlaud, koor'lant (R ) Dai, dalil (tic. Pen.) r. Coveujry. kuv'en-try (Enjt ) Dalburgli, dal'burg (Scot.) Denbigbshire, den'bc-sli'ire (Eug.) Dender, den'der (Nelb ) r. Covington, kuv'ing-ton (Eng ) Dalby, dal'bu (Sc. Pen ) Cowes, kouz (Eng.) Dalecarlia, or Dalarna, da-U'-kar'Ii-a or dii'- Denia. de'ui-a (Pen.) Coyna, kui'ua (Pen.) lar-iia (Sc. Pen.) Denklin^eu, deiik'lin-gen (Ger.) Denmark or Dancraark, den'niaik Cozzoliuii, kot-zo-li'nn (It.) Dalen, dii'len (So. Pen ) Cracow.or Krakow, krii'ko or kra-koof (Austr.) Dalfors, dal'Inis (Sc. Pen ) Dennevitz, den'ne-vits (Prus.) Crau, knine (Switz,) Dalliousie, dal-ln o'zy (U. S.) Dennoksenye, den'nok-sen've (Auslr) Dent de Midi, dang d'i; mi-ili' (Swilz ) mt. Dent de Mor{;le, diuigde mo-rfile' (Snitz) ml. Dento, den'lo (Auslr.) Crana, krii'ua (Switz ) Dalmatia, or Dalmiizien, dal-nm'sbi-a or dal- Craoii, kra-ong (Fr.) ma'tsi-en (Austr.) Crasto, kiiis'to (Feu.) Dalnacardocb, dal-na-kar'dodli (Scot ) Cremona, kre-mO'na (It ) Dalpe, diil'pe (Switz.) Dalton, diii'ton (Eng.) Deptford, del'lurd (Eng.) Cresceiitino, kre-slien-ti'no (U.) Dercvaragb, dcr-c-va-i iigh' (Ir.) DerTeers, der IChrs (Netb.) Cressy, kres-si' "(Fr.) Dalya, da'li-a or diii'^a (Austr.) Creuse, kreuse (Fi.) Jtp. Dalziei, tial'zeel (Scot.) Dernis, der'nis (Auslr.) Crimea, kri'mc-a (K.) Damascus, da-niaskus (Tur.) Derpt, derpt (E.) Criantsclmu. kd'mit-shou (Ger.) Damauu, da-mann' (Per.) Ders, ders (Austr.) Ciisaier, kris-si-e' (Switz ) Damet, dii-nie' (Fr.) Derval, der-val' (Fr ) Croatia, kro-a'li-a or kro-a'slia (Austr. nad Damietta, dii-mi-et'ta (Eg ) Derwent, der'went (F.ng.) Tur) Damm, dam (Prus.) Derzow, dert'so (Prus.) Croisette3. krwti-z6te (Switz.) Uamm, dim (Prus) I. Des Moines, da-nioiii' (U. S.) Croisy la Haye, krna-zi' lii La (Fr.) Dammanin, dani-mar-tang' (Fr.) Desaguadero, des-ii-gwa-da'ro (S. Am.) Croix, krwa (Switz.) Damme, diim'me (NetU. and Ger.) Descoiiocida Poiut, des'ko-no-thi' (or s'i') da (Hex.) Croix Verte, krwa vfirte (Fr ) Daninier's Arclnpeiago. Group, and Strait dam'pecr (Austrai.) Cronstndt, kronc'atat (R) Dcalia, deab-a' (U. S.) Croiipi^ri:, kroo-pi-fire (Fr.) Damsdorl, diiins'dorf (Den.) Desideruda, de'si-de-rii'da CW. Ind ) ial. Crustuiiieriuni.'kroo-stoo-me'ii-ooni (Tt ) Damsig, dani'sig (Den.) Desna, des'na (E) r. Cruz de Mudela, Sta., sau'ta krootti Ue uioo- Danivjile, dang.\ile' (Fr ) Dessau, des'sou (Prus ) de'la (Pen ) Danbury, daii'ber-re (U.S ) DclmolJ, ilet'molt (Ger.) Cruz, Sta., san'ta krooHi (Pen.) Daniluv, da'm-luv (R ) Detroit, U. S., de-trwii (Fr) Csaba, cliob'bo (Austr ) Dandovka, dS-iii-!ov'ka (E) Dellelbacb, det'tel-biicli (Ger) Csalm, clinlm, (Austr) DaukoT, dau'kov (11.) Dettiiigen, del'liii-gen (Ger. and Switz.) Cseffa, cliet'la (Austr 1 Dannemarie, diiu-mii-r'i' (Fr.) Deu-\ Pouts, or Zweybrueeken. detl-poiig' or tsM i-briick'eu (Ger.) Csege, clie'ge (Austr) Danuemoiae, daii-mwane' (Fr.) Csesztreg, cliess'trey (Aoali ) Eantsic, or Danzig, dan'tsidli (Prus) Deva, de'va (Austr.) Csongnid, clion-grad' (.\usti ) Danube, or Donau, dati'ulie or do'nou (Ger.) Develicrs, de-ve-li-e (Switz.) Csoma Kapuvar, slior'iia ka'poo-viii' (Austr.) Daoudputra, da-ood-poo'lra (Ind.) Deveuler, de-ven-ter (Nelb ) Csosmond, ciios-nioiid (Austr ) ' Darda, diirda (Austr.)' ' Devizes, de-^i'zes Csuesa, ctioo-e'sa (Austi' ) Dardanelles, or lielltspoiit. Strait. diir-d.v Dei on, dev'ou (New Zealand) Cuba, koo'ija (Pen.) neUs' (Tur.) Devon, North [Barrow's SIrail], dev'on (N. Cucole, koo'ko-le (It.) m(. Darfo, dar'lo (It ) Am.) Cudazzoni, 'kog-da(-z6'ni (It.) .nt. Darl'our, or Darl'ur, dar'loor f Af.) Dezna, desh'na (Austr ) Cuenya, koo-eu'sa (Pen.) Dargal, diir'gal (Australia)' m^. Dbar"ar, dbiir-i\ar' (Hiiul) Cuerva, koo-er'va (Pen ) Dariel, Pass of, da'n-el (U ) Dherbitres der-bi-6re' (Fr.) CuevaB. las,' liis koo-e'va.s (Pen ) Darien, da'ii-en (S. Am.) Dhuy, doi (Nelh ) Culla, kool'va (Peii )' Darmstadt [llessen], diirm'stat (Ger) Diablerclz, di-iibl-retz' (Switz.) Cully, kui-ri', ku-vi', or kul-yV (Switi ) Daroca, da-ro'ka (Pen.) Diamante, di-ii-miin'te (It.) Culm, koolni (Austr l pr. Diirtmoor Forest, darl'moor (Eug ) Diarbckir, di ar-bek-i? or di-ar-bekr (Tur.) Culmsee, koolm'ze (Prub ) Dartucb, dar'togtili (Pen'.j c. Diatkovo, di-at-ko'vo (E.) Cumbach, koom'ba^h (Gei ) Darwar, dar'war (Ilmd) Dibeja, di-bef-a (It.) Cumberland," kiim'ber-land (Eng ) Daupliine, do-li-ne' (Fr.) Dicomano, di-ko-mu no (It.) Cunitz, koo'nits (Ger ) Daverdisse, da'Ier-Uis'se (Netb ) Die, di (Fr.) Curacao, or Curacoa, koo-roo-sii'o, ku-ra-s6' Davidov, da'vi-dov ('K)' Die Clus, di kloos (Ger.) (W. Iml.) • " ■ • Dayara, da'ya-ra (Af.) ir^t. Dieboldsau, dibnit-zou (Switz.) Curdistan, or Koordistan, koor-dis-tau' (At ) Dax, dan (tr ) Dieffelt, dif'lelt fGer) Cures, koo'resse (It ) Be Bilt, de bilt (Netli.) Diegu, di-e'go (Mex.) Curicatore, kog-n-ka-to're {U ) l)e Brack, de briick (Nelb ) Diekircb, dik'kirib (Netb) Curische IlafF, koo'r"i-3he baf (Prus ) De Glials, de slia (Can.) /. Diemen's Land, "Van, viin dl'mens land' (Nen Cui-isclie Kebruu'g, koo'n-sbe ue-roongli De Haag, de liaeb (Netli ) Zealunil) (Prus ) De Ham, de bam (Nelb.) Dicpenheim, di'pen-hime (Netli.) Cu3Btt, ku3-ae' (Fr ) De llaule, de bou'le (Nelb.) Diepholz, diji'lifiUs (Ger.) Cusay, kus-si' (Fr ) De Uond, or Westera Sclicldt, dehont (Netli.) Dieppe, di-ep' (Fr.) Cuatrio, kas-Irine' (Prus ) De Hunse, de boon'se (Netli.) Diesbacli, dis'baili (Switz.) Cutigliiina, koo-til-yii'na (li ) De Kriiis Sclians','de iirois skiins (Netli.) Diessen, dis'seii (Ger. and Switz ) Culro, koo'tri* (It ) De Kuinder, de koiu'der (Netb ) r. Diest, dist (Netb.) Cu.'tliaven,' koox'ita-feu (Get ) De Maaren, de niaren (iNeth.) Dieu, di-eu (Fr.) iif. Cuvaboga, ki-a-lioV^ (U. ?.) Cylicniii, Bil-le'ni-a (Gr ) De Meden, de me'den (Netb.) Dieulonard, di-elr'lo-niire' (Fr ) De Pampel, de pam'pel (Nelb ) Dievenbrug, di'feu-broodb' (Nelb) Czakova, tsa-ko'va (Ausii ) De Pol, de poi'dNelb.) Diezma, di-eth'ina (Peii.) Czakvar, tsak'var (Austr ) De Witt's Land, de vits (Austral ) Digiiac, din-yiik' (Fr.) Czavttikow, cliiir'iii-koof (Prup ) Dead Sea, or Balir Lu't, bar lat' (P.il ) Dignalo, diu-ya'to or diu"nuL'to (Austr.) Czarnowo, cbar-noo-v6 (Prus ) Delia, de-ba (Pen.) Digue, diny (Fr.) Czarskostlo, cliar-sko'se-lo (R.) Debretzin, de'bret-tsine' (Austr.) Digny, din-ji' (Fr.) Qzaslau, tsiis'lou (Austr ) Deccan, dek'kan (Ind.) Digoiu, di-go-ang' (Fr.) Czempin, clieni-pine' (Prus.) Declikin, detcb-km' (R.) Dijou, di-goo' (Fr.) Czenslecliaii, cUen-ste'iihou (R ) Deda, de'da (Austr.) Dikkebuscli',' dik'kc-lioosk' (Netb.) Czepedliik, tse-ped'iiik (Auati) Dee Mecder, de me'der (Ncth ) Diknau Mjot, ilik-nnu injdl (At ) Czeruabora, tser-na-lio'ra (Austr ) Deelz, dels (Prus ) Dillenburg, dil'ien-boorg (Ger.) Czernowice, tsclier-no-\it'se (Auiir.) Deinbof, diiie'bof (Ger ) DiUcngen, dil''leii-gen'(Ger.) Czicben, cliidlieu (Prus ) Delaware, del'a-ware (N. Am ) Dinaburg, di'nii-boor^ (K ) (jzirknicz, t^irk'nits (Austr ) Delden, difdiii (Ncth ) Dinan, di-nang' (Fr.) Czortkow, cliort'kool (Au3lr) Deiderbroek, dcl'der-brook (Nelb.) Dinaut, di-no' (Nelb ) Czueza, cboo'ciia (iuatr ) Delemara, de-le-mii'ra (It ) Dingelfan^en, ding'el-l'ang-en (Ger) Dingelstadt, din'g'el-sliit' (Prus.) Delen, de'leu (Sc. Pen.) (. Demno Castel, del-fi'no (II.) Diukelshubl, d'ink'els-booi' (Ger) D. Delft, dillt (Nelb ) Delgada Point, del-gil'da (XIe\.) Diune Fjord, din'ne fi-Or'd (Sc. Pen.) Diiio, di'no (It.) iW. D.\BF.a, irschau, dir'sbou (Prus.) DiscliingeD, di'shmg-ea (Ger.) Disan, dis'iia (R.) Distamo, dis-tamo (Gr) Distriana, dis-tri-a'na (Pen.) Diu, di-A (Ind )/(. and ul, Divassa di-vas'sa (Au«tr.) Dixnmde, dix'moo'de (Neth.) rfjaTat, djii'vat (K.) ' Djura. dju'ra (Sc. Peo.) Doiitriev, dmi'tn-ev (K.) Dmitrievsk, dmi'tri-evsk' (R.) Dmitrievskoc. dmitri-ev'skoe (R) Dmitroy, dmi'troy (R.) Dnieper, dn'ie'per (R.) Dniester, dnies'ter (R.) Doab, do'ab (Ind.) Dobberan, dob-be-ran' (Ger.) Dobbertin, dob-ber-tin' (Ger.) Dobrianka, do-bri-anka (R.) Dobrokot, do'bro-koz' (Anstr) Dobromil, do'bro-niii' (Austr.) Dobrzyce, dobr-abil'se (Pms ) Dockcliitsv, dock-cLit'sv (R.) Doebbtz, deH'blits (Ger.) Doesburg, doos'boorg (Xeth.) Doetincbem, doo-tinchem (Neth.) Dogliani, dol'ya-m (It .) Dognacska, dog-natch'ka (Austr.) Dole, dole (Snitr) mt. Dolgelly. dol-^eth'ly (Ir.) Dolghinov, dgl-ghVuov (R.) Dolgovka, dof-gov'ka (R.) Dohna, do-Ii'na (Austr.) Doljitska, dol-jits'ka (R.) Dolores, do-lo'resse (Mei.) Dolores, los, los do-lo'resse (Mes.) Dolsk, dolsk (Prus.) DolstaiU, dol'stat (Sc. Peu.) Doitzig, dgfi'tsig (Prus ) Domaiiovit'cUi, do-ma-no'rit'tclu (R.) Domau, do'mou (Prus ) Dombresson, dgog-bresse-song' (Switz.) Dombroka, dom'bro'ka (Austr.) Dombrovitza, dooi-bro Wi'za (R.) Dombrowsk, dom-brosk' (R.) Doraburg, douie'boorg (Netli.) Domdidier, dong-di-tfi-e (Switz.) Domfront, dong-froog' (Fr.) Domo d'OssoIa, do'mO dos'so-Ja (It-) Domremy, doitg-re-rai' (!>.) Domusnoas, dc'moos-uo'as (It.) Don, don (R.) r. Donagbadee, don-a-cha-dee' (Ir.) Donau, or Danube, dO-nou (Ger.) r. DonauescUiugeD, do'nou-e'sbing-eu (Ger.) Douauwerth, do'nou-verte' (Ger.) Doncos, doii'kos (Pen.) Donegal, don-e-gal' (Ir.) Donga, don'ga Donga, ilouVa (Af.) mt. Pongio, don'jo (Switr.) Dongola, don'go-la (Af.) Donjum, dgn'yoorn (Netb) Don Kossacks, don kos-sacks' (R.) Douuatlo, don-nal'to (It) Doanersberg, or Mt. Tonnere, don-ners'berg or mong tnn-iifire' (Ger.) DoDska, dons'ka (R.) Donzenac, dgng-ze-nak' (Fr.) Donzere, dong-zfire* (Fr.) Doom, dohrn (Nelh.) Dooraspyk, dOUrn'spike (Neth.) Dora Kaltea, do'ra bal-te'a (It.) f. Dora Ri[ aria, dg'ra ri-pa'ri-a (It.) r. Dorat, le, le do-ra' (Fr.) Dorchester, dgr'cbes-ter (Can.) Dordogue, dor-dony' (Fr.) dep. Dordrecht, dort'recht (Neth.) Dorfli. dorf'li (Switz) IktrgJili, dor-ga'ii (It.) Lkirmans, dor-niang (Fr.) Dorna, dgr'na (Austr.) Domes, dOr'nesse (Pen.) I'oruocli, dor-nok' (Sfot.) iJorpat or Doerpt, dor'pat or dorpt (R.) Dorset, dnr'set (New Zealand) DursetsLire, dgr'set-sbire (Kng.) Dorsgaden, dolirs'ga-deu (Den.) Dorsten, dor'sten (Neth.) ;Dort, dort (Neth.) ■Dos Aguas, d03 a'goo-as (Pen.) Dos liarios, dos ba-h'os (Pen.) Dosterland, dos'ler-lauf (Netb.) Dotis, do'tis (Aubtr.) Dotra, do'tra (Austr.) Douamenez, dpo-am-ne' (Fr.) Douay, dc.) Dubdendorf, dgpb'deii-dgrf (Switi.) Dubicza, dgo-bii'cha (Austr.) Dubiccko dbb-bi-e'ko (Austr.) Dublin, dub'lin (Ir.) Dubovac, doc»-b6-vak' (Austr.) Dubrovka, (lii-brgv'ka (R.) Dubuque, du-bggk' or du-bAque' (U. S.) Dubuskoro, du-bus-kOro (R,) Ducali, doo-ka'ii (It.) c Duckerow'.dook'ke-ro (Prus.) Dudcldorf, doo'del-dorf (Gei.) Diidzeele, dogil-ze'le (Neth.) Duejra, dgg^ira (It.) Duerne, du-ern' (Fr.) Duffel, dogriel (Neth.) Dugato, dpg-.:a'to (It.) Dnida, doo-i'Ua (S. Am.) »i/. Duina, dgo-i'na (Austr.) c. DuivelandV doi'lt-lant (Neth.) Doiven, doi'ien (Neth.) Dukella, doo-kel'ya (Af.) Dukla, doo'kla (Austr.) Dulce, dogl'ihe (or sej (Mex.) g and U IHUwich," dul'iicli (tng.) Dumbartonshire, dum'bar-iou-shire (Scot.) Duniel, du-niel' (Fr.) Ul. Dumel, doo'mel (Ger.) r. Ilumfries,"Aum-freece' (Scot.) co. Dun, delins (Fr.) Dundal, dOu'dahl (Sc Pen.) l)undalk, dun-dalk' (Ir.) Dundas, deun^i-da' (Can.) Dundee, dun-dee' (Scot.) Dunderstadt, doon'dtr-stat (Ger.) Duugannon, dun-gan'non (Ir ) Dunkirk, or i>unkirchen, detin-kirk' or diln'- kir-cben (Fr.) Dannamaragh, dun'na-nia-ra>;h' (Tr.) Dnrango, dgo-ran'gn (Mex. and Fen.) Dnranno, dgo-rau'no (It.) Durasno, dog-ras'no (Mex.) Durbuy, door'boi (Neth.) Durdat, duj'-da' (Ft.) l>urbam, dur'ham (Eng. Can.) Durlach, door'lach (Ger.) Dusseldorf. dus'sel-dgrf (Ger.) Dussen, dCis'sen (Neth.) l>u9zno, dggsh'jio (Prus.) Dvina, dwi'na (R.) r. Dyle, dale (Neth.) Dynapoor, dy-na-pogr' (Hind) Pyxrenroth, dix'reu-rote (Switz.) E. East India, in'ji-a Eauze, oze (Fr.) Ebbelvkke, eb'be-luk'e (Deu.) Ebcltol't, f'bel-toft (Den) Ebeltoft, 6 bel-tgft (Den.) b. Eberbacli, fe'ber-bafh (Ger.) Ebersfeld. 6'bers-^elt ,'Ger.) Eberswalde, fi'hers-Tal'de (Ger.) Ebesfalva, e'bess-fal'ra (Austr.) Ebis, eTiis (Swjtz.) Ebrach, e-brach (Ger) Ebracb Burg, e-brach bgorg (Ger.) Ebrach Raube, e-brach fou'be (Ger ) Ebrach Reiclie, e-brach ri'che (Ger.) r. Ebro, e'bro (Pen.) Ebsambul. eb-samTiogl or eb-sam-bool' (As.) Eccica, et'cbi-ka (It.) iW. Ecclesfechan, ek-krs-fech'an (Scot.) EcLten, ech'ten (Nith.) Echternach, ecb'ter-uach (Neth.) Ecija, e-ihiclia (Pen ) Eckartsberg, ek'karts-berg (Prus ) Eckemforde, ek'kern-feiir'de (Den.) Eckernforde Haven, ek'kem-fctir'de (Den.) Eckmubl, or Eggmubl, ek'mfilil (Ger.) Eclose, e-kl6ze' (Fr.) Ecoffioy, e-ko-mwa' (Fr.) Ecouis, e-kgg-V (Fr.) * Ecrehou Rocks, e-kre-op' (Fr) Ecuador, or Equator, ek-wa-dore' (S. Am) Edam, e'dam (Neth.) Ede, e'Je (Neth.) Edeforssen, ^'de-fgrs'sen (Sc. Pen.) Edel's Land, e'deh (Austral.) Edenhall, e'den-hall (Eng.) Eder, e'der (Ger.) r. Edsecomb, ej'kum Edratsk, e-di-atsk' (R.) Ediuburah, ed'in-bur-r6ored'in-bnr§(Scot.) Edir, edir (Tur.) Edisto. ed'is-to (V. S.) Edumia. e-doo*rai-a (Pal) Eelde, fl'ile (Neth.) Eelde Til. ei'de til (Neth.) Eem Til, 6me til (Netb.) Eerden, ^r'den (Neth.) Eerzel, Pr'zel (Neth.) Etfit, e'fat (Af.) Efferden, efler-den (Austr.) Egelsbofeu, e'gels-bo'ren (Switt) Egemark, fi'ge-'"srk (Deu.) Eger, e'ger (Ger. and Austr.) Eger, e'ger (Austr.) r. Egerbei^, e'ger-berg (Switz.) Egeri, e\e-ri (Switz.) Egeri, e'ge-ri (Switz.) I. Egeriingen, e'ger-liiig-ec (Switz.) Egersbeim, e'gers-iiime (l"r.) Egersnnd, e'ger-zoond (Sc. Pen.) Egaen, eg'gen (SttUz.) Egsiweiier," es'gi-n'ler (Switz.) EgTecht, eg-lecht (R.) Egletons, egl'tgng: (Fr.) Egmondaan Zee, ecli-mon'dahn-ze (Nelb.)^^ Egmout, or T»ranaki, ech'mgut or ta-ra-na'- ki (New Zealand) mt. Egmont-bjiinen, ecli'm nut-bio 'nen (Neth.) Egypt, e'jipt Elireubreitstein, e'ren-britc-stme' (Ger.) Ebrenburg, e'ren-bpprg (Ger.) Ebrendingen. e'ren-ding-en (Switz.) Eibenstock, i'ben-stok (Ger.) Eiclistadt, iob'stat (Ger.) EiderMadt, i'der-stat (Den.) Eila. i'la (R) mt. Eiuansau, i'uau-zou (U.) r. Fr. short but ; f r long eii, short eti, as in spur; Final Iv, Fr. 1 mouiU^j An'gcr, \i"ciou8; g as s in pleasure; § ih gutlural; ny liquid; Ih as in pith. 470 PEONUNCIATION OE MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. EiDdhovrn, iiit'liu-fen (NcUi.) Einersdal. i'uers-dalil (Sc. Pen.) Kinsiedeln, in'zi-deln (Switz) Eisach, i'za^li (iuslr.) r. Eisbacli, is'biidli (Ger ) Kisenach, i'ze-na6ti (Ger,) Eiseudorf, i'zen-dorf (Ger.) Eiskoe, is-Vch {R.} Kisleben, is'Ifi-l>eu (Ger ) Eixen, ik'sen (Prus.) F-kaleriiiburg, e-kat'e-nn-bopr^' (K.) Ekaterijiigorad, e-kat-e-iiti-i-go'rad (R) Ekaterininsk, e-iia'te-rin-insk' (R.) Ekaterinoslav, e-kai-e-n-nos'liiv (K.) Ekerberga, e-ker-ber'ga ^Sc. Pen ) Ekesjo, e'ke-slieTi (Sc. Feu ) Ekotrovska. e-ko-trgv'ska (R) Elatma, e-Ial'nia El Plan, el pliin (Fen,) El Wah, or GreHt Oasis, el wah' (Eg.) El Wall el Ghurll or Lesser Oasis, el wah' el gliur'b'i (Eg.) Elateab, e-la-te'a (Gr.) mt. Elba, el'ba (It.) isl. Elbe, or Elb, el'be or elb (Ger ) r. Eiberfeld. el'ber-fclt (Ger.) Elbeu, el'beti (Fr.) Elbing, el'bing (Prus.) Elbrouz, el'brouz (R.) ml. Elbur. el'beur (Per.) ml. Eiburg, el'ltoor^ (Netli.) Elchanca, el-elian'ka (U.) Elclie, elclie (Pen ) Elcliiugen, el'^hing-en (Ger.) Elda, el'da (Pen") Eide, el'de (Ger.) r. Elden, el'den (Netli.) Eleiiovsk, e'le-novsk (R.) Eletot, e-le-to' (Fr.) Elcusis, e-lu'sis (Gr.) b. Eleiitliera, el-u.'tiie-ra (W. Iiid.)'*'- Elfkarleby, elf'kar-le-bil' (Sc. Fen.) Kll'ros, eU'roze (Sc. Fen.) Ellvedal, ei've-dahl (Sc. Fen.) Elga. el'ua (Sc. Fen.) EIgg, elg (Switz.) Elgin, or Moraystiire, elg'in (^^cut.) EUs, e'lis (Gr.) Elizavetpol, c-ri-za-vet'pol (R.) Elladfi, el-lii'da (Gr.) r- EUin^egaarde, elling-e-so'de (Dcii ) Eilwangon. ePw aug-eu (Ger ) Elm, elm (Gtr ) Elovatka, c-10-viit'ka (R.) Kip, elp (Netlr.) KIpidio, el-pi'di-o (I I.) Elsa, ei'.ia (It.) r. Elsant, el-saufc' (Fr,) EUinnre, or iTeismgocr, c-l's"i-n6re, hel-siiii:- etir' (Uen ) ElspeeJ, el'sp6le (Nelh.) Elsttr, el'ster (Frus.) r. Klslen\arda, el'ster-vai'dn (Frus.) Elvedal, elt'diilil (Sc. Fen.) Elz, elts (Neth.) r. Eizacb. el'Uaai (Ger.) EIze, el'tfe (Ger ) Ernatsl)ach, e'niats-ba^h (Ger ) Emba, em'ba (As.) (/. Emba, em'ba (As.) r Embrach, erabriiih (Nctli.) Embrun, iing-hreliog' (b'r.) Emd, enid (Switz.) Emden, em'den (Ger. ICmeln, e'meln (Ger.) Emmtu, em'men (Suitz. and TCetli ) Empoli, em'(io-Ii (It.) Ems, ems ({jer. Netli.) Euara, c-nii'ra (II.) Encanizado de Murcia, en'ka-ni-lbii'do tie muor'tln-a (Fen.) Endelave, en'de-la've (Pen.) isl. Endovicbtclia, en-do-viclit'clia (R.) Endr&clit's Land, elin'ilra^iits latit (Austral.) Eneaniv.iilo de Mucir, e'ne-a-ni-tbii'do de moo-thir' (Fen.) Eneboe, c'ne-bo (Sc. Fen.) Eneda, e-ne'da (Sivitz.) Engelberg. eng-el-berg (Switz ) Engelliartzell, ens-el-liart-tsel' (Austr i Ent;elbolm, eng-el-li61m' (Sc. Fen.) ICngen, eiig'en (Ger.) Eager, eng'er (Ger.) Engliien, ang'^-ang (Ketb.) England, iii^'gland Enguera, en-f;e'ra (Fen.) Enkhninen, eiik'lioi-zen (Netli ) Enkopiiig, ebn-clieu'ping (Sc. Pen.) Eiinetbulil, en'nei-liool (Swit/.) Eiiniscortby, en-nis-knr'thy (Ir.) Knniskillen, eu-nis-kil'len (Ir.) Enns, ens (Austr.) r. Eno, e'no (R.) ICnontekeis, e-non'(e-kIie (R.) Enter, eii'ter (Neth ) Entlibucb, ent'li-boo^Ii (Switz) Entradas, eii-tra'daa (Pen.) Entragues, ang-triig' (Fr.) Eutre I^uro e Minlio, eii'tre doo'ro e niin'yo (Pen.) Entre Rios, en'tre ri'os (S. Am.) Entreeasteaux, d', dangtr'kas-to' (New Zeal ) cfi. Entrevaux, d', djingtr-vd' (Fr.) Enyike, en'yi-ke (Austr.) Enz, ents (Ger.Netb.) Epauvillera.e-po-vi-i-ye^ore po-\"i]'yc (Smtz ) Epe, e'pe (Neth.) Epernay, c-per-na' (Fr.) Epernon, e-per-nong' (Fr.) Epidauros, e-pi-doii'ros (Gr.) Epidauros Limera, e-pi-dou'ros li nie'ra (Gr.) Epila, e'pi-k (Fen) Epinal, e-pi-nal' (Fr.) Epine, e-piiie (Fr.) Equator, or Ecuador, p-kwa'tor (Central Am.) Er, er (Fr ) isL Era, e'ra (It.) r Erasmo, Fort, e-ras'mo (It) Erba Spina, er'ba spi'na (It.) Erhach, er'bafh (Ger.) Ercole, er'ko-le (It.) isl. Erek, e'rek (Austr.) Eretria, e-re'tn-a (Gr ) Erfa, er'Ja (Ger.) r. Erfurt, er'foort (Prus.) Eria, e'ri-a (It.) r. Ericeyra, e-ri-thi'ra (Pen ) Erick, e'riic (Switz ) Erigne, e-riny' (Fr.) Erivan, e'ri-viiii (K) Erivelde, e-ri-fel'de (Neth.) Erlaa, er'la (R ) Erlach, er'liiih (Switz.) Erlaf, er'iaf (Anstr.) r. Erlau, er'lou (Austr.) Eriau, er'lou (Austr.) r. Erlangca, er'lang-eu (Ger.) Erlljath, erl'liadU (Ger.) Erlenbacli, cr'len-liaib (Switz ) Ermatingen, er'ma-iingea (Switz.) Ermelo, er'me-lo (Nelli.) Erne, Lough, locli em (Ir.) Ernee, er-ne' (Vr.) Err, er (Austr.) r. Erscbweiler, ersli'vi-ler (Switz.) Ervedeira, er-ve-di'ra (Fen.) Ervillers, er-vi-i-ye' or er-vil-ye' (Fr.) Ervy, er-vi' (Fr.) Erz Gebirge, erls ge-bir'ge (Austr.) Erzcn, er'tsen (Ger.) Erzeroom, erz-roora' (Pnr.) lOscaculles, es-ka-kte; Fr. long vAe ; ix._SuPP. ' 471 9 " PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Fall, til (Switz.) Figueira, fi-gi'ra (Petu) Fonlironx, fonj-ti-rgo' (Fr) Fallfora, fal'l'ors (Sc. Pen.) Figueira dos Cavalieiros, fT-gt'm dos ka-va- Fontiveros, fon-ti-re-ros (Pen ) Falmagosla, fal-ma-gosta (Tur.) h-i'ros (Pen.) Foolab, or Foulab, foo'lab (Af.) Falster. fal'ster (Den.) isl. Figuera, fi-ge'ra (Pen.) Fora, fo'ra (Den ) isl. Falsterbo, fal'ster-lra (Sc. Pen ) Figueras, itge'ras (Pen.) Ford Sand Isle, ford sand (Den.) Falu, fa'loo (Sc. Pen ) Fiji, fi-ji Filefjeld, fi'Ie-fi-eld (Sc. Pen ) I'oreslan. fo-res'tan (R.) Falu, fa'loo iSc. Pen.) r. F'orez, fo-re' (Fr ) Falun [Fa'hlunJ, fa loon (Sc. Pen ) FiUetta, ru-lel'ta (It ) Forfar, fgr'far (Scot.) eo. Faluu, copper-n.ines, la'lo<.n (St Fen.) Filonovsk, (I'io-uovsk' (R) Forges, fbrge (Fr ) Falvaterra. fal'va-ter'ra (it; Fds and Reins, Tils, veras (Ger.l Forli. for-rr (It) Fanari, fa-na'ri O'nr.) c. Finale, fi-na'le (It) F'orlimpopoli, fgr-nm-])6'p6-G (It) Fauari, ft-na'ri (Gr ) mt. Fiuana, fi-na'na (Pen.) Fonuari, for-ma'ri (It ) Fanjeaux, laog-slio' (Fr.) Finestra, li-nes'lra (It.) e. Forniazza Vallev, for-mat'sa (Switt.) Fano, li'ao (It. Gr.) Finbault, fi-no' (Switz.) Formosa, for-mo'sa (R) Fanoe, fa'neti (Den ) uL Finin^ia, fi-niu'ji-a (New Zeal.) Fornos, lor'nos (Pen ) Fantvannes, fang-vane' (Fr.) Finislerre, li-nls-t4re' {¥i ) drp. Forro, for'ro (Austr.) Fanum, fa'noom (It.) Finistierra, (i-nis-ti-er'ra (Pen) Fors. fors (Sc. Pen.) Faou, le. le la-oo' (Fr.) Finland, fiii'liind (R.) Forsbeda fors-he'da (Sc. Pen.) Faouet, le, le (a-oo-e' (Fr.) Finland, rjo'lond (R.) g. Forsytb, fgr-sithe' tU. S.) Faraga, la-ri'ga (It.) Finmark, fin'mark (Sc. Pen.) Fort Louis, for loo-i (Fr.) Farara, fara'ra (It.) Finsler Aarbom, fin'ster iilir'ligrn (Switz.) Fortanete, for-ljilne'te (Pen ) Faralissa WtUs, fa-ra-tis'sa (Af.) Finzino, find-zi'no (It.) r. I'ortore, for-to're (It.) r. Faro, fa'ro (Pen.) Fiorenzola, fi-6-rend'zd-Ia (It.) Fossa Nunva, fos'sa ngo.o'va (11.) Faroe, fi'Teii or fa'io (Sc. Pen.) «/. Fioro, fT-6'ro (It) r. Fossano, fos.sa'no (It)' Farquliar's Island, far'koo-ar (Austral ) Firenze, or Florence, fi-rend'ze (Tt ) Fosse, fosse (Netb.) Farrarese. far-ra-re-ze (it.) Flrenzuola. fi-rend-zoo-6'la (It.) Fosse, la, la fosse (Fr.) Fars. or FarsUtan, fars, (ar-sis-tan' (Per.) Fisibach, fi'zi-liacb (Switz ) Fotscbiel, fot'sbile (Switt.) Fas, or Fez, fas or fez (A/.) Fismes, fime (I'r.) Fougerais, la, la fo"ge-ra' (Fr.) FatinnoTO, fa-ti-a-no'vo (R.) Fitte, la, la Hte (Fr.) Fougeres, fgg-g«re (Fr) Faucarraont, fo'kar-niong' (Fr.) Fitton, fit'ton (Can.) ml. FougeroUes, fooge-role' (Fr.) Fauqueniberg, fo-kang-berk' (Fr.) Fiume, ti-oo'me (Austr.) Fourche, la. la ioorslie (U. S.) Fauquier, fau-kire' (U. S.) Fiumicino. fi-oo-mi-clil'no (It) Foni, la, la fgo (Fr ) Fauville, its^nle' (Fr.) Fi.\, (i (Fr.) Fowey, or Foway, foy (Eng.) Fauvillers, lo-ri-i-ye' or (d-\il-ye' (Ketli.) Fixe, fix (Nelb ) Fov, St , le grande, sang fwa le gTiingd (Fr) Faviguana, fa-vi-goo-a'na (It.) isl. Flacev, fla-sa' (Fr.) Foyers, fi'erz (Scot.) Favone, fa-vo'ne (It ) pi. Fladd. dad (Den.) Fo'vle, Lougb. loch foil (Ir.) Fa-v, le, le fa (Fr.) Fladstrand, ttiid'slrand (Den.) Fraiture, fra-Wlre' (Neth. Fayde Billot fade bil-yo' or bi-i-To' (Fr.) Flagstadoe. flag'stat-eli' (Sc. Pen ) ill. Franieries. frRm-ri'(Nelh.) FayelteviUe, fa'et-ril (U. S.) FlagsUdt fliig'stat (Sc. Pen.) Franca, la, la fran'ka (Pen.) F6cHnip, fe-kang' (Fr.) Flakkee. or HaiingvUet, flik'ke (Netli.) r. Francavella, fran-ka-vel'la (It.) Federovka, fe-de-rm'ka (B.) Fiamunville, fla-nieling-^ile' (Fr ) France, france or frangs Fedotoro, fe-il6-lo'>o (R.) Flanders, or Flandre. llaudeTS,liangdr(Netb.) Francbe Conipte, fraugsli kgng-te' (Fr.) Feernert, fehr'vert (Xetli.) Flanders, East and West, Hinders (Nelb ) Franconia, fran-ko'»i-a (Ger.) Feliraltorf, fehr'al'torf (Sttitz.) Flavia, flSvi-a (It.) 1 Frankenburg. frang'ken-bggrg (Ger.) Fel.rbelin, felir'lie-Hue' (Prus ) FlaviguT, fla-nu-yi' (Fr.) Frankeubauscn, frang'keu-liou'zen (Ger.) Fekete Ugr, fe-ke'te oodj (Austr ) Flarion,' fla-\i-ong' (Nelb.) Frankenstein, Iriiiig'ken-slioe (Ger) Feldkircli, felt'kirch (Austr.) Fliclie. la, li flasbe (Fr ) Fraiikenthal, fran"keu-'ale (Ger.) Feldsbtrg, felts'liei^ (Switr.) Flekkeljord, Sek'te-ti-ord (Sc. Pen.) Frankfort (-furt) on tlie Maine (am Uain) Felegvhaza, fe'ledg-lia'za (Austr.) Flensborg, flens'bgrg (Deu.) frangk'fgort am mine (Ger) Felicudi, fe-li-koo'di (It.) ill Fleron, lle-roni' (Kelb.) Frankfort (-furl) on tbe Oder (an der Odei| Felines, fe-Bue' (Fr.) Flers, iere (Vr.) fiangk'foort an der 6'der (Prus ) Febzzano, fe-lit-sa'no (It.) Flesch, flesli (Switi.) Franklin, frank'lin (Can ) 1. Fellin, fel-Bn' (R.) Flenre, fletire (Fr.) Franks, Mt. of tbe, franks (Pal.) Felsobanva, fel-sbo-bon\o (Austr ) Fleurier, flell-ri-e' (Neth.) F'ranquevra, fran-ki'ra (Pen ) Feltz, fefts (Netli ) Flintsbire, tUnt'sliire (Eng.) F"rasca, fras'ka (It Ic. Femeren, fe'mem (Den.) ist. Flix, ffis (Peii ) Frascati, friis-ka'ti (It) Femeren So'und, fe'raem (Den.) Hisecourt, Biks-fcoor' (Fr.) Frasno, el, el fraa'no (Pen.) Feniina, fe'nii-na (It.) ijl. Floda, flo'da (Sc. Pen.) Frauenbnrg, frou'en-boorg (R ) Fenestrella, (e'lies-trel'la (It.) Flognv, flon-vi' (Fr.) Fraucnfeld. fron'en-felt'" (SwiU.) Feodosia, or Kaflfa, fe-o-do'si-a (K.) Florae, flo-rik' (Fr.) Frecbilla, Ire cbU'ya (Pen.) F-rden, fer'den (Switz.) Horce, flo re' (Nelb.) Fredeburg, fri'de-bgnrg (Ger.) Fire Cbampeuoise, ffire shangp-nniize' (Fr.) Florence, or Virenze, flo'rence. fi-rend'ze (It) F'rcdensborg. fridens-l.grg (Den ) Fire, la, lii fere (Fr.) FlorenviUe, flo-rang-vile' (Netb.) F>edericia, fr^'de-ri'tsi-a or fri^de-iil'sha Fering, fe'rin^ (Austr ) Hores, or Urazos de Dios, flo'resse, bra'lbds (Den) Fermauagb, fer-mii'nag (Ir.) co. de di'os (Mex.) Fredericksberg, frt'ile-riks-berg" (Den.) Feruio, fet'mo (It.) Florida, flor'i-da (U. S. and Mex.) F'redericksborg, frt'de-riks-ligrg (Den.) Ferrara, fer-rii'ra (It. S«itz.) Horis, noris (East. Isl ) ill. Fredericksdal,' fif'de-riks-dale ( Hen.) Ferrato, fer-ra'lo (It. Switz ) Florreune flo-ifine' (Netb.) Fredericksliamn, frfi'de-riks-bamn (R.) Ferreira. fer-ri'ra (Pen.) Flums, flooms (Switz.) Frederickstadt, Irfde-riks-sliit (Den.) Ferrex Valley, feKrei (Switz.) Flusbing.or Vlissiugen, Huslt'ing (Netli ) Frejus, fre-jggce' (Fr ) Ferriere, la, la fer-ri-6re' (Switz.) Fluvanna, flu-van'oa (U. S.) Frenna, freu'na (It) Femfres, ler-ri-«re' (Netli.) Foebr, or Foebrde, feur, fcur'de (Deu> Freswick. frez'ik (Scot) Ferro de Vacas, fer'ro de ra'kas (Pen ) Foemoe, feii'meli (Deu.) ijl. Freyberg, M'berg (Ger.) Ferroe, fer'reTi (Den ) «7. Foggia, (od'ga (It) Freyburg. fri'boorg (Ger ) Ferru, fer-roo' (It.) mt. Foglia, (ol'ya (It) r. F'reystadt, fri'stat (Ger. Prus. Aostr.) Fert6 sur AuGe, la, la fer-le' sir obe (Fr.) Foil, f*a (Ir.) Frias, fri'as (Pen.) Fert€ Bernard, la, la fer-te' ber-nare' (Fr.) Fokien, fo'keeu (Cb ) Fribourg. fr.-boor' (Switz.) Fert6 sous Jotiarre, la, la fer-te' soo sboo-are' Foldea, fol-dc'a (Austr.) Fridau, fri'dou (Austr.) (Fr.) Folding, fol'diug (Den.) Fridericbsbafen, or Bucliom, fri'de-ricba-lia'- Fert« Senneterre, la, la fer-le' 6en-t«re' Foldva, fg'ld'va (Austr. fcn (Ger.) (F-r.) Foldvar, fgld'var (Austr.) • Friedberg, fml'lierg (Ger.) F^lieni, fe-si-eti' (Fr.) Foligno, (o-liu'yo (It.) Friedburi, fiid'bggrg (Ger.) Fettrona, fet-tio na (It.) Fominska, fo-mins'ka (R.) Friedericbsroda. fri'de-riclis-ro'da (Prus.) Feuchtwangen, foiat'iiing-en (Ger ) Fominskeu. fo-niius'ke'U (R ) Fricdland, fridlSnt (Prns.) Fcuillal, fetl-i-Ta or fetil-ya' (Fr.) Fonari, fo-iia'ri (It) Frieuwalde. fri'en-val'de (Prus.) >'euill6e, feil-i-Ve or feTil-ve (Fr.) Foiidi, fou'di (It.) Friesland. fns'laut (Netb ) Feurs, fetir (Fr.) Fondn, fon'do (Austr.) Friesland, East, fris'lant (Ger) Fez. or Fas, fez (Af.) F'onelos, fo-ne'los (Pen.) F'nsinge, fri'sausb (Nelb.) Fezzan, fez-zan' (Af.)pr. Fongtclieou, fnng-tcbog' (Cb.) Frische Haff, (risli'e liaf (Pms.) Fiattona Geniiuo. li-a-no'na je-mi'iio (Austr ) Fonseca, or Ampala, fun-se'ka (Mcx.) g. Friscbe Nebrung, frisli'e ne-ro^nig (Prus) Fiascone, li-as-kO'ue (It.) ina"(ll.)//. Frodmgbanil frgd'ing-nm (Eng ) Ficbtel Naab, ficU'tel nabe (Ger.) r Fontarabia, or Fnentarabia, fou-ta-ra'bi-a J'rod^tbaui, frgds'um (Eug.) Fidesd, fi'deshd (Austr.) (Pen) IVoidmont, frwa-nigng" (Fr.) Fiel, He (Den.) (. Fonte Coberta, fon'te ko-ber'ta (Pen.) Fronteuac, frgngt-nak' (Can) Fiesole. fi-e'so-le (It.) Fontenay. fgnrt-na' (Fr.) l-Yuermarck, frgo'er-mark (Den ) Fifeshire, fi'fe'sLu-e (Scot) Fonlenn'aiUe, fougt-ua-i or fgngt-naly (Netb.) Fmges, frdge (Fr.) Fi^ari, fi-ga'ri c. Fontenoy, fgngt-nwa' (Nelli.) Fuego, Terra del, ter'ra del fgo-e'go (S. An l Fr.sbortliiit; Fr. long eti, sbort eb, as m spur ; Final Iv, ». lniouill6i Au'^ger, vi"cious ^ g as s ui pleasure ; §, cb guttunU uv liquid ^ thasinpitli. 473 PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGEAJPHICAL NAMES. I l*'ueml)iIIiilo, fpo-em-b'il-v'i'ilo (Pen.) Fuencaliente, ioo-eii'ka-ii-eii'te (Pen ) Fuentabradn, foo-eu'la-bra'da (Pen ) Fuentarubia, or {"outarabia, foo-en'tii-ia'b'i-a (Pen ) Fuentcdui Fresno, foo-eti'tetlel fies'iio (Pen ) Fuente, de la, Je la too-eu'le (Pen.) Fueute del Maestre, loo-eii'te del mii-e'slre (Pen.) Fuente Lapenn, fop-en'te lii-pe'na (Pen.) Fuente Painiera, foo-eii'te pal-iue'ia (Pen.) Fuen^cpelayo, loo-en'te-pe-la'yo (Pen ) Fuenteruble, foo-eii'tc-ra'ble (Pen ) Fuentes, foo-en'tesse {Pen ) Fuentes de la CompaiTn, Ibo-eii'tesse de lii koni-pan'ya (Pen,) Fulirbeig, foor'berg (Gci' Fuhu, foo'litio (II.) Fulda, fopl'dii (Ger.) Fulda, fopl'da (Ger.j r. Fulilera, fopl'de-ra (Switz ) Fullonica, fpol-lO'ni-ka (It.) Fulmicino, loot-mi-clii'no (it.) Funcbal, foon-sbal' isL Funen, fA'nen (Dl'h.) is/, Furianda, loo-ri-iiu'da (Pen.) Furues, r4rn'(Netli.) Fumiekabad, lur-rdk-a-biid' (Hind ) Furstenau, fflr'ste-nou (Prus) Furstenburg, fflj-'sten-boorg (Ger.) Fursteufeld, l1ii'sieu-relt'(Ger.) Furstenwald, Iftr'slen-viilt (Ger) Furtb, ffirt (Ger) Fusina, fpo-z'i'na (It.) Futter, fopt'ler (Sc. Pen.) r. G, Gabaeus, ga lia'riia (Can) h. Gabella, ga-bel'la (Tur.) Gabia, ga'b'i-a (Pen ) Gabo do Girao, gii'bo do ji-ra'u (AC ) Gaboon, ga-boon' (Al) r. Gabrovo, ea~br6'vo (Gr.) mt. Gacbun Nor, pa'cliilii nor (lutl ) Gadamis, ga-dii'mis (Af.) Gadebusch [Mecklenburg Scliwerin]. gii'dt-- bopsh (Ger.) Gaeta,' ga-e'ta (It.) Gaeta, gii-e'ta (It.) g. Gafor, ga'tor (Itid) Gage Koada, gage (New Zeal.) GHgPs, gage (Fr.) Gaggiano, gad-ga'no (It ) Gagbitsk, gagbitsk (R.) Gagliano, gal-ya'no (It) Gallon, gii'lion (Kaat. Isl.) Galiyba, ga-i'ba (Braz ) i. Gaian, gii'i-an (Kg ) Gaidroniai, ga-'i-dro-n'i's'i (Gr ) Gaidiiri, ga-i-dilri (Gr.) Gaib, ga'ih (Per) Gailtac, ga-'i'ak' or gal-yiik' (Fi) Gair Locli, ^fir I06I1 (Scot ) Gairden, gfir'den (Scot.) r. Gaishofen, g!s'lio-fen (Ger.) Gaisliorn, ^Is'liorn (Ger.) Gaisin, ga-Win' (R.) Gala Water, ga la wa'ter (Scot ) Galapagos, ga-la-jid'goa or gal-la-pa'gos iil Galashiels, gal-a-sheels' (Scut.) Galatz, ga-latz' (Tur.) Galaxidi, ga-lax-i'di (,Gr.) Galena, ga-le'na (U. S ) Galera, ga'Ie-ra (Austral.) hi. Galibuii, ga-li'l'on (Eg,) 'pl. Galicia and Lodomir, or KaUinon Lodomii", gii-li'tsi-a lo'do-mir' (Austr.) Galinara, ga-li-na'ra (It,) isl. Galinaz, ga-li-niith' (S.Am ) r. Gabtcli, ga'litcli (II) Gallego, gal-ye'go (Pen.) r Gallegos, gai-y<: goa (S. Am.) r. Gallen.St., zankt giil'len (Switz ) Gallen, St., Canton, ziiukt gal'len (Switz.) Galli, gal'li (It ) isl. Gallicia, gal-li'ltii-a (Pen.) pr Gallipoli, gal-li'po-ri (It. and Tur.) Gallo, gjil'io (It.) c. Galong, ^Ji'long (Cli.) h. Gallee, ^al'lee (Ir.) mt, Galveston, gal'ves-ton (Mex ) h. Galway, gal'way (Ir.) Gambia [Ba lleamal, gam'In-a (Af) r. Gambier, gani bier (Austral, and Australia) isl. Gamliier, ^am'bier (Anstraba) vit. Gamtoos, gaoi'tpog (At.) r. Gaudeli, Well of, giin-de'li (Tm* ) Gandia, gan'di-a (Pen.) GandoUo Castle, gan-dul'fo (It ) Ganges, or Gungn, gau'jcz (lud ) r. Gangud, gan'giid (U.) c. Canning, giiu-niug' (Cli.j Ganspacli, gan'spiiib (Ger.) Gara, go'ro (Austr.) Garape, ga-ra'pe (S. Am.) r. Garbanup, gar-lia'nup (New Zeal ) I. Garbteh, giit-'bi-i-li (Kg.) Garcias, giir'tbi-as (Pen.) Card, gar (Fr.) tiep. Garda, giir'da (It.) /. Garden, giir'den (Prus) /. Gare Loeb Cottage, gare lofib (Scot.) Gareep Ky, or Yellow K., tia'reep ky (Al ) Gareep Nn, or Black R., ga'reep nu (Af.) Gareep, or Orange R., ga'reep (Af ) Gareepine Walls, ga're-pine (Af.) Gargano, gar-gn'no (It.) vtt. Gargrave, gar'grave (Kug.) Garnet, giir'net (Af.) b. Garnigel Baths, giir'ni-gel (Switz.) Garonne, Upper [Haute Garonne], bote gii rone' (Fr.) drp. Garragli, gar-ragli (Ir ) Garrangura, gar-ran-iioo'ra (Australia) nit. Garrocl), giir-rgfib (Scot.) Garrows, giir'rows (Ind.) Garsliuisen, gars'hoi-zen (Netli.) Garvagb, gar-viigb (Ir.) Garvan, gar'van (Ir.) id. Garz, giirts (Prus) Gascnny fOascogne], giis-kony' (Fr-) Caspar, gas'par (East. Isl.) si. Caspar Isla, gas'par is'la (East. Isl.) Gaspe, gasp (Can.) dist. Gatineau, ga-ti-no' (Can.) r. Gaucher, Fert la, fer lii go-slie' (Fr ) Gauen. gou'en (Switz.) Gauts, Eastern and Weatern, gauts (lud) Gavalas, ga-\a-la9 (Gr.) Gavata, ga-va ta (Tur.) c. Gaviarra, ga-ri-ar'ra (Pen.) mt, Gavio, gti'vi-o (It.) mt. Gayali, gii'yab (lud.) Gayur, gd-yelir (lud.) r. Geauga, je-aw'ga (U. y.) Gebel el Besheur, gc-bel el be-sbeTir (Tur.) Gebgan-well, geb'gaii-wel (Per.) Geele, ^tiele (Netli.) Geer, geer (Af.) c, Gelle, yef'le (Sc. Pen.) Gefle, yef'le (Sc. Pen.) dist. Gei'?liugen, gis-ling'en (Ger ) Gelderland [Gelderu], gel'der-liiud (Netb.) Genemuideu, ^e'ne-moi'den (Netli.) Geneseo, jeu-e-se'o (U. S ) Gcuessee, jen-e-see' (U. S.) Geneva, je-ue'va (U. S. and Switz) Geneve [Genf], ge-u6ve', genf (Switz ) Geneve, Canton, ge-nftve' (Switz ) Genevieve, jeu-e-veeve (U. S) Gene^TC, je-ne'vre (It ) mt. Genlis, gang-li' (Fr) Genoa, je-no'a and jeu'o-a (It.) Gent, or Ghent, ^ent (Netli.) Gentilly, gang-til-yi' or gang-fi-yi' (L. Can ) George, Jorge (Af.) dist. Geurgeiiburg, ^e-or'gen-boor^ (Prus) Georgia, ge-or'gi-a (R.) Georgia jor'ji-a (U. S. and R ) Geurgievsk, ge-nr'g'i-evsk (R.) Gera [Reuss], ge'ia (Ger.) Gerau, Great, ge'rou (Ger ) Gerdoba, ger-do'lia (Al.) mt. Germa, ancitnt cajiitalof Fezzan, ger'mu (Af ) Germain, St,, sang gar-niang' (Fr.) Germano, jer-ma'no (It.) Germany, Germania, Ueutscbland, jer'ma-ny, ger-mii'ni-a. doich'lant Gcrolstein, ge'rul-sline (Ger.) Gerona, dbe-ro'na (Pen.) Gcrs, gCre (IV.) dep. Gertruidenburg, 6ber-troi'deu.-boor^ (Neth.) Gex, gex (Fr.) Gharendil, Well of, gbil-reu'dd (Eg.) Gharian, gha'ri-ftn (Af.) vit. Gbazeepoor, gluvzee-poor' (Ind.) Ghenneli, gben'neh (Eg.) Ghent, or Gent, gent (Neth ) Ghenvartsov, gben-vart'sov (K ) Gbiezuoufha, glii-ez-nou'iiba (R.) Ghil. glnl (Per.) Gbilan, gbi'lan (Per.) Ghihaik, gbi'li-a-ik (As.) Ghizeb, gbi'zeh (Eg.) Ghor. el, el ghor' (Eg.) Gbousglmr, goos'getlr (Ind.) Giblo, (^hi'blo (Australia) mt. Gibraltar, ihib-riil'tar or ji-bral'tar (Pen.) Gibraltar, fibib-ral'iar (Pou)-*^ Giedser, gid'ser (Den.)/^. Giep, geep (Af.) r. Giessen, t;is'sen (Ger) Giland, gi'lang (Ind.) r, Gilolo, gi-lo'Io (Ind.) Gimont, gi-nigng' (Fr) Gioia, jo'i-a (It.) Gioja, jo'i-a (It.) g. Giorslov, gi-ors'lov (Den.) Giour Jebel, Ri-our' je'bcl (Eg.) Giovi, jo'vi (It ) mt. Gird Kob, gird kuli (Per.) Girdleuess Light, gir'dle-nesa (Scot.) Girgeh, gir'geh (Eg.) Girnar, gir'nar (Ind.) ml. Gironde. gi-rongd' (Fr.) dep. Gjat, jit (R.)" Gladsmuir, glads'mure (Scot ) Glamorganslnre, glam-or'gan-sh'ire (S. Walis.) Glanitz, gla'nits (Ger) Glaiiz, giants (Austr ) Claris, gla'iis (Switz ) Glarus, glii'roos (-ris) (Swllz.) Glarus, Cantmi, gla'roos (-ris) (Switz) Glasgow, glas'go (Scot. N. Scotia) Glatta, gliit'ta (Tur.) Glatz [Klodsh-ko], glats (Prus ) Glau, gluu (Ger.) r. Glauchau, glou'dbou (Gci.) Glazov, gla'zov (R.) Gleisdorf, glis'dnrf (Austr.) Glenacflrdocb, gten-a-kar'dodh (Scot.) Gleiiade, glen-ade' (Ir.) I. Glenamadda, glen-a-niad'da (Ir.) Giena\ y, glen-a'vy (Ir.) Glencairn, glen-kaerne' (Scot.) Glenorchy, glen-or'5by (Scot.) Gliua, gli'iia (Austr.) Glindon, glin'dgn (Prus.) Glogau, glo'gou (Prus.) dist. Glogan, Great, glo'gou (Prus.)/^. Glommen, glom'men (Sc. Pen.) r. Glossa, glos'sa (Gr ) Gloucester, glgs'ter (Eng) Gloucestershire, glos'ter-slTire (Eng.) Gloveler, glo've-ler (Swit?,.) Gluckstad, gluk'alat (Den ) Grauuden, gmun'den (Austr) Gnesen, gne'zen (Prus.) Gniefkowo, gnif-koo'vo (Prus.) Goa, go'a (Ind ) Gobi, go'bi (As.) des. Gocb, godli (Ger) Godavery, go-da've-ry (Ind ) Goddelsfieim, got'dels-biine (Ger.) Godlinse, got'lin-ae (Netb.) Godolio, go-do'li-o (Austr.) Goedereede, goo'de-re'de (Neth ) Goellaud, geul'land (Den.) isl. Goerz, geurts (Austr ) Goes, goos (Neth.) Gugua, gon'yii (It ) r. Gogoschi, go-goa'chi (Tur ) Gohrisch. go'riah (Ger ) Goito, go-i'to (It.) Golconda, gol-kon'da (Ind ) Gold Coast, gold kost (Af.) Goldastchelsk. gol'das-tclielsk (R) Goldbeck. golfbek (Ger.) Goldberg, gnlt'berg (Pms.) Goldburg, gollbporg (Ger.) Goldingen,_gol'diiig-en (R.) Golegao. go-le-ga'o (Pen.) Colo, gOlo (It.) r. Golsen, ggl'zen (Prus.) Golubinsk'a, go-lilb-ina'ka (R ) Goizow, gplt'so (Prus.) Gomera, go-me'ra (Canary Isl ) Gomez Farias, go-melli (-mes) la-r'i'as (Mex.) Gomez Velascu, go-meih (-niefc) vg-las'ko (Pen) Gommern, gnm'mern (Prus ) Gondar, gpn'dar (Af ) Gondrecourt, gon;idr-kppr' (Tr ) Gondrin, gong-diang' (Fr ) Gonzalo, gOn-thii' (-sa') lo (Mex.) /)f. Gonzalo, Don, don gou-tha'lo (Pen.) Goochland, gpotch'land (U. S ) Goor, gor (Netb.) Gora, gu'ra (Ger.) Gorliatov, gor-bii'lov (R.) Gordola, g6r'd6-!a (Switz ) Gorgonzola, gor-g5nd'zo-la (It ) Gonatchinakoi, go-ri-iil-china'koi (H) Fate, far, fall, what, bat; Mete, prey, help, thfire. ber; Pine, niaiiue, bli-d,fig; Note.dGve, move, wolf, book, Ig.d ; Tunc, bull, luiite, Fr. long vflc; 473 PKONTJNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Gorioiitchki, go-ri-outcirki (R) Goijdy. goig'dy (R.) Gorkorietska, gor-ko-ri-ets'ka (0.) Gorkum, goKkooin {Neth.) Goilitz, geur'lits (Prus) Gorocliov, go-ro'cliov {R.> GoroJitcli, po-ro-tlitch' (U) Gorodiiia, i:5-rod'iii-a (R ) Gorodok. g&-r^ok' (R ) Gorredjk, jjor-re-dike (Net?t) Gorsel, gor'sel (Xetli.) Gortel, gor'Iel (Xetli.) Gortynius, gor-iu'ni-us (Gr.) Gortz, geurts (Auslr.) Goslar, gos'lar (Ger.) Goslina, gos-Ii'na (Prus 1 Gospich, ggs'picli (Ausii ) Gossiiu, gos'sou (Switz ) Gossia, gos'si-a (It.) GostvczTD, gos-ii'cliin (Pi us) Gotalantl. T^'ta-Ian'd (Sc. Pei'.) Gotba, go'ta (Ger.) Gotliard", St., zaukt ggt'Liirt (Switz ) trJ. Gotlieborg [Gottenl-org], yeii'le-borg (Sc. Pen.) Gothem. go'tem (?c. Pen.) Gotliland, ggt'iand (Sc. Pen ) i)L Ggtscliec. ggt'siiets (Austr ) Golsclika, gotsh'ka (Austr.) Gottiogen, geut'ting-en (Ger.) Gottska Sands, ye'^ts'ka (Sc. Pen.) Gottswalde, ggts'tal'de (Prus; Gouda, •jou'da (Netii ) Gouderak, goa'de-rak (Neth.) Gouja, go-oo 6ba (Pen.) Gour, Rutui of^ gonr (Ind.) Gouritv, gou'ri-tv (R ) Gottrievsk, gou'ii-ev?k (H.) Gonno, go-vi'no (Gr ) Gownagh, gon-nagU' (Ir.) Gonripatnani, gow-ii-pat'nam (Tnd.) Gozo, god'zo (It ) GrMbbeuvorst, grab'beo-fgrst (Xetb.) GrabcD, gra'ben (Xetb) Grabow, gra'bo (Ger) Gracfaarz, gra'ibarts (Aiistr.) Gracbenicza, gra-SKe-m'cha (Austr ) Gradiska, N^, gri-dis'ka (Auslr.) Graditza, gra-dit'za (Gr.) Gradizza, gra-diz'za (Gr.) Graefenberg, gra'fen-ber^ (Ger.) Grafenburg, gra'fen-boorg (Ger ) Grafentbal, ^ra'fen-tale (Ger.) Grafenworlb, gra'fen-vort (Ger ) Graiguenemaragh, grage-ne-iua-ragli' (Tr ) Grain Coast, ^ran kost (.At.j Graiiiville, grang-vile' (Ti.) GrajaneJLis, gra-5lia-ne'51i03 (Pen.) Gram, grim (Den) Gram, gram (Den.) r. Grammoni, grara-mo'iu (Netli) Gramraos, grara'mos (Tur.) ntl. Grampsbcrgen, gramps'ber-gen (Netb.) Granitzow, gramt'so (Prus.) Graa [Esztergom], gran (Austr) Gran, gran, (Austr.) r. Grana, gra'na (It ) r. Granada, gra-na'da or gra-na'da (.Pen.) Grauaditio, gra-na-dil'yo (Pei..) Grand Pr^, grang pre (Fr.) Grandval, graug-val' (Switz ) Granger, grau'jer (U. S ) Granicbeu, gra'ni-ilieo (Swi(7.) Granja, la, la grau'iha (Pen ) Grautliani, grant'uni (Eng ) Granville, grang-vile' (Fr) Grasse, gras (Fr.) Gratchevsk, grat'cltevsk (11) Grateni, gra'tem (Netli.) Gratia, Pt. Delli, del'Ia gra'li a (Gr.) Gratz. grats (Austr. Prus.) Graubundt-n (-diei ( or Les Grisons, grou bOu'deii (-tei) (Switz ) Graudeutz, grou'dents (Prus) Grauzelle, Gnm de, gro de gio-zCIu' (Fr.) Grave, gra'16 (Netb.) Gravesend, graves'eud (Eug.) GraTJna, gra-\i'na (It.) Gravone, gra-vo'ne (It ) r. Grazalrna, gra-tha-le'ua (Pen) Great Britain, great brit'au Greece, greece Greenland, green'hind Greenock, grceu'uk (Scot.) Greenrticii, grin'idje (Eng) Greifen, gii'fen (Swilz ) Greifen, gri Ten (Switz ) /. Greiffeuburg, gii'fen-bogrg (Aus'.r) Greiffenliagen, gii-fen-ba'gen (Prus', Greiffswald, grifs'valt (Prus.) Greis, gris (I'l-u) Greitz, griU (Ger ) Grenada, gre-na'da isK Grenndc, gre-nade' (Er.) Grencben. gren'chen (Switz ) Grendstrup, grend'stroop (Den.) Grenoble, gre-no-ble' (Fr ) Grtu-^sen, gruis'sen (Ger ) Greveliugen, grfi'fe-Iing-eu (Netb > Grevismublen. gre-ris-mfi'Ien (Ger ) Grez. Ks, le gre (Fr.) GriazoTetz, gri-a'zo-vetz (R.) Grigorevska, gri-go-rers'ka (R.) Grigua3. gri'goo-as (Af-) Grimaud, gri-mO' (Fr.) g. Grinits-nis, gri-na-zwa' (Switz.) Grimsell Pass, grini'zel (Switz) Grinsted [Jutland], grin'sted (Ueii.) Gris Nez, gri ne' (Fr.) c. Grisola, gri'zo-la (It ) Grisous, les [Graubunden or- r. Guadix, goo-a'dis (Pen.) Guajuco, gog-a-choo'ko (Mc.v ) Gualan, gog-a'lan (Mex ) Guaido, goo-iii'do (It.) Guanabai, gog-ii-na-bal (Mex.) r. Guanazuato, or Guanaxuato goo-a-na- (-ihoo) thoo- (-S00) a'to (-\lex.) Guarda, Koo-ar'da (Sniiz. Fen.) Guardafui, goo-ar-da-fgo-i' (A/) Uuardamar, gog-ar-da-mar' (Pen.) Guardia Altiera, ggg-ar'di-a al-fi-e'ra (ll.) Guarisamey, ggo-a-ri-sa-rui' (Mex ) Guastallit, ggo-as-tal'la (It ) Guatimala, goo-ii-li-nia'la (VIcx ) Guatia, ggg-aVia {\\e\.) Guayaquil, ggo-i-a-kil' (S. Am.) Guavmas, 'jigg-i'mas (Me-\ ) Gubtio, gggij'bi-o (li.) Gubeu, ggg'ben (Prus ) Gudtir, gog-dar' (Pen.) Gudinn, la. Isi ggg- Haerlem, bar'lein (0. S.) Half. Great, hiif (Prus.) Haff. Little, haf tPrus) Hafveroe, ba ve-re1i (Sc Pen.) Hagdau^er, ha;;'dang-er (Sc, Pen ) Hagtn, ha' gen (Ger.'Den.) Hageu'iw, ba'ge-no (Ger) Hague, de la, de lii bag (Fr.) Hague[S'Graveubaa»],bag, (Eng.) hag (Neth.) Haguenau. ag-uo' (Fr) Haba, ha'lia (Af ) Hahn, liabn (Ger.) Haiu [Sonirae], ban? (Fr) Hainault, ba-no' (Neth ) Hwjvpoor. ha-jy-pgor* (Intl ) Hai'a, ba'la (Per. Ind.) ml. Halberstadt, birber-stai' (Prus.) Haldensleben, hil'deu-i-l^'beu (Pru!».) Haldenstein, hal'den-stine' (Swilz.) Haldimand, biil-di-inang' (Can.) Halem, ba'lem (Netb.) Halicz, lia'licli (Austr) Haliia.x, hal'i-tax (N. Scotia) Halkier. baVki-er (Den ) Hall, bal (Neth. Ger) Hailand. bal'land (Sc. Pen.) Hailand's As, hal'lauds Os (Sc Pen.) mt Halle, harie (Prus.) Hailowell. com. hol'loel (U. S.) Halmstadt, halm'slat (Sc Pen.) Halsted. hal'stfid (Den.) Haltorp, hiirtgrp (Sc. Pen.) Halvan, hal'^au (Austr) Hamburg (-burgh), ham'bogr|, (Ger) ham'- berg (Eng.) Ilameln, ha'meln (Ger.) Hamm, hiim (Ger) Hamme, ham'me (Neth. Sc. Pen.) Hammerdal. hani'mer-dal (Sc. Pen ) Hammerstein. bam'mer-siiae (Prus.) Hanau, ha'non (Ger.) Fr short Ut; Frloug etl, short eu, asin spur; Final ly. Fr.lmouiU6; An "ger. u"cious, gas gin pleasure; g dh guttural; ny liquid; Ih as in pilli. 474 PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Haii^tclieou. liang-chpo' (Cli.) Hiingtcbeoulou, liang-choo-foo (Cli.) Hniiover, han-6'fer (Ger) llausted, lian'siea (Den) Hunts, liauts (N. Scotia) Haraltlaby, liaialds-bii (Sc. Pen) Harburg, bai'boor^ (Ger) Hurdangcr Fjeld. bar'darg-er f i-eld (Sc. Pen.) Haraangerl'>rd, liar'daii^-eifi-Cird(Si;. Peu ) Hardenber^, bar'den-berg (Netii.) Hardenwyk, bai'deu-vike (Netb ) Harcf hare (Cau.) isl. Hareidlaud, lia'ilde-land (Sc. Peu.) Harflcur. bar-tleHi' (Fr.) Ilaringsvbet, w I'lakkee, ba'rings-flitc (Neth.) r Tfarkebniecke. bar'ke-biQk'ke (Ger ) Harle, Jiar'le (Den.) Harlemnier Meer, biii'ieni-mer raeliv (Nclb.) Hariiugeii, bav'ling-eu (Netb ) llaro, a'lO (Pen.) ilaromfa, lia-romTa (Austr) Hartbcrg, bait'l>er^ (Austr ) Hartheiin, barl'binie (Ger.) Hartz, halts (Ger.) Hartz, hiirts (Ger.) ml. Harwich, liar'ridge (Eng.) Hasli, has'ii (S\Mtz.) nas3 Btrg, lias ber^ (Ger.) Hassan. UtU Ali, Tomb of, l)en a-li has'san (Tur ) Hasaelt, bas'selt (Netb.) HassH, has'sb (Switz ) ral. Hastrup, bas'troop (Uen.) Haubuurdin, bo-ijyor-dang' (Fr.) llauseii, bou'zen (Ger j Huvanna, Havana, or Habitna, Im-^ii'nu or ba-van'na Havel, ha'fel (Ger.) r. Hiivelburg, ba'lel-boor^ (Ger.) Havre, bavr (Fr.) Havre de GrS.re, liavrde giiisse (Fr.) Hawaii, iiii-wa'^i-i Hiiyger, bi'ger (Ger) Hayniclien, bi'ni-6beu (Ger ) Hityonn, les, le bai-yong' (li ) Hiiyti, or Haiti, ba-i'ti, ba'ii Huzebrouck, axe-lirook' (Fr.) Hebecuurt, ebc-coor''(Fr.) llebiiiles, or West Isl., Iieb'ii-dez (Scot) lltcbeuiiu, hi^b-e-miu' (Ger.) Hecbiugen, be£b'uig-en (Ger.) Hecia, be'kia or bek'la (Itel.) mi. Hedegaard, he'de-gord (Dtn.) Hedeniora, be'de-nioo'ra (So. Pen ) Hedeiifors, be'den-fors (Sc. Pt-n.; Hediugen, he'diiig-en (Nctli.) liediiaes, lied'oaae (Sc Feu ) Heereuberg, be'ren-berg: (Netli ) Heerle, liei'le (Netb.) Heerleni, "ber'leni (Netb ) Heescb, besk (Netb ) Hegialand, be'yis-iaud (Sc Pen.) Heidellieck, bi'del-bek (Ger.) Heidelberg, lii'del-berg (Ger) Heiden Naab, bi'den uabe (Ger ) r. Heidiuburg, iii'den-boorg (Ger ) Heidenbenn, bi'deii-liune (Ger.) Heilbrotm, bile'bron (Ger.) Heiligenbat'eii, bi'Ti-gen-baTen (Uen) Heili^eustadt, bi'ii-geu-stat (Pru3.) Heime, bi'nie (Ger.) r. Hela, Ite'la (I'rus) Heiden, bel'den (Netb.) lielder, bel'der (Neili.) Helena. St.. sang (or saint) he'Ie-na or be- le'na (Eng.) ij/. Heligoland, or Helgoland, be'li-go-land' or iiel'gij-laiid (Den.) isl. HiUi tors, bel'le-fors (Sc. Peu.) Hellespont, or IJardanelles, bel'Ies-poni (Tur.) St. Hellevoetsluis, bcl'Ie-foot-slois' (Netti.) Helbgsoe, bel'ligs-eli (Den.) Helmbrecht, belm'bredbt (Ger.) Helmburg, iielni'boorg (Ger.) Helsingborg, bel'sing-borg (Sc. Pen ) Helaingfors, bel'sing-fgrs (U.) Helsingoer. or Elsinore, liel'siug elir (Den.) Helvellyn, bel-vel'lin (Eng ) Henunosjoe, lieni'mo-si-eu (Den.) Ucngersljerg, beng'ers-berg (Ger ) Henkart, benk'art (Switz.) Henkeluin, beiik'e-loom (Netb ) Heulopcn, Iien-lo'peh (U. S.) Henncbon, fine-bong' (Fr.) Henrico, ben'vi-ko (U. S.) Hensival, lieu'si-fiil (Netli.) Herat, jier-iit' (Per.) Herault, e-ro' (Fr) dep. Herbolsbeim, ber'bnls-bime (Ger.) Herdal, ber'dal (Sc' Pen.) Herefordshire, bere'ford-sbire (Eni;.) Herencia, e-ren'tbi-a (Pen.) Herentbuls, be'ren-tals (Netb.) Herkenbuscli, her'ken-bposk (Netb ) Hermagor, ber-niii->;or' (Austr.) Hermanas, dos, doa er-niii'niis (Pen.) Herniansburg, lier'nians-boor^ (Gei' ) Herinaustadt, ber'man-stiit (Austr ) Hermenu, fire-nie-nu' (Switz,) Hermosa, Villa, vil'ya er-mo'sa (Pen.) Hernam, er'naiu (Pen ) Herniugaholin, ber'nings-lmlm (Den.) Hernoesand, ber'neu-saud (Sc. Pen,) Heron, e-rong' (Netb.) Herrera, er-re'ra (Pen.) Herrea, er'ress (Pen.) Herrnliutb, berii-lioote (Gev ) Hertfordsbire, burt'tord-sbire (Eng) Herve, er-ve' (Netb ) Hery, le, le be-ri' (Fr.) Herzberg, lierts'ber^ (Ger ) Herzegovina, ber-ze-go-vi'ua (Tur ) Ilerzele, ber-ze'le (Netb) Hesdiu, es-dang' (Fr.) Hesmedgaard, liese'made-goid (Dcii.) He^^seloe, bes'seUeti (Den) isl. Heasen Cussel, lies'sen kas'ael (Ger.) Hessen Darmstadt, bes'sen diimi'stiit (Ger.) Hesseu Humburg, bes'sen linni'boor^ (Ger.) Het Dorp, bet dorp (Netti.) HetLoo, betlo (Nelb) Het Zand, bet zant (Netb) Heval, bev'af (Eng ) ml. Heynau, bi'nou (Prus.) Heyiio, liVno (Netb.) Hi^res, i-fire' (Fr ) Hiersac, i-Gre-siik' (Fr ) Hiiiblands. common in Scot. bec'IanJz Higuera, i-ge'ra (Pen) Higuera, \», la i-ge'ra Hi<£uerii, de la. de Hi i-gft'ra Hildburgbausen, liilt'boov^-Iuai'zeu (Ger.) Hildesheim, bil'des-liime (Ger.) Hilels l.i'Iela (Af.) Hillalr, bil'lab (Tur ) Himalayii, ti-ma-la'^a or bira-a-li'a (Ind) mt. Hindoen, liind'e'iien (Sc, Pen ) isl, Hindoo (Iloosb, bin'doo koosb Hindoostaii, bin'doos-tan or bin-doos-tan' Hinsliant, bing'uni (U. S.) Hiui^'josa, or Cordova. i-no-6lio'aa (Pen ) Hinter Rbein, hin'ler rine (Switz ) Hirscbberg, birsli'berg (Prus.) Hirscliliolm, liirsli'liolm (Den.) Hirson, ir-song' (Fr.) Hirtzbolmen, birts'li^l-nien (Den ) U. Hispaniola, is-pan-i-o'la (W. Ind.) Hitzkircb, Iiita'kir6b (Switz ) Rjalterup, yal'te-roop (Den.) Hjardemaal, yar'de-mole (Den.) Hjarup, ya'roop (Hen.) Hjelm, yelni"(Den.) Ut. Hjelinar, Hjelmaren, yel'mar (en) (Sc. Pen ) I. Hjelmeland, jel'nie-land (Sc. Pen ) Hjelmstadt, yelm'slat (Sc. Pen ) Hjoring. yeti-riug (Den) Hoang Ho, or Yellow U., bo'ang bo (As) Hobroe, bo'brO (I'en.) Hocb, boih (Austr.) Hocli Vogel, b66b to'gel (Ger ) Hoclidorf, boib'dorf (Switz. Gei) Hocbstett. boili'stet (Ger.) Hocbstetlen, bo^h'stet-lcn (Switz ) Hotdie, eti-di' (Fr.) iil. Hoensbrock, buons'brok (Nelb ) Hoepbulzen, boop'liiil-/eu (Netb ) Hoevelaken. lioo'It--I;i-keu (Netli. Hoff. bo'f (Ger. AusU.) Hoffweiler, liotM-ler (Switz.) Hotiager. bog'ii-ger (Den.) Hobeu Friedberg, bo'ben-fiid'ljert' (Prus ) Hoben Ziaz, bO'ben tsials (Prus ) Hobenbukow, bo'ben-boo'ko (Prus ) Hobenbnden, bo'ben-Iin'den (Ger ) Hobenstein, bu'ben-stine (Prus.) Hobenzdllern, Iiu'ben-tsol'leni (Ger ) Hojiand, boi'laiid (Sc. Pen ) Ilolbetk. bol'lieek (Den) lIolc;ir, bnl'kar (Ind ) llollrtbiaiin, Iml'lii-broon (Austr.) Hollaiul. bcl'land Holland's Diep, hnl'lants dipe (Netb ) HoUum, bol'loom (Netb. and Ger.) Holm, bolm (l»en ) Holmedal, bol'me-diil (Sc. Pen ) Holmen, boPmen (Sc. Pen ) i.^7. Holmestraud, bol'me-strand (Sc. Pen ) Holnilanil, bolm'land (Den.) isL Holstebroe, linl'ste-bro (l)cn ) Holstein, bgPstine (Den.) Holstenborg, liol'sten-brir^ (Bcii.) Holybead. bgl'i-bed (Wales.) Holzapfel, bnlts'iip-fel (Ger ) Holzbeini, bglts'bimc (Gev ) Horaberg, bgm'ber^ (Ger.) Hombourg, bgng-boor (Fr.) Homburg, ligm'boor^ (Ger.) Homona, bo-mo'na (Austr ' JHo-nan, ItO-nan (Cb ) Hondsbolnid) k, lignds'bglm-dike (Netb i Honduras, on-iio'/ras (Mcx.) Honeoye, bun'i-by (U. S.) Houfleur, hgng-fletir' (F'r.) Honrubia. 6n-rpo'bi-a (Pen.) Hontauaya, 6n-ta-na-ya (Pen.) Hoog Haaien, bo^b ba'len (Nelb.) Hooge Mierdc, bo-^lte mir'de (Netb ) Hoo^erlieide, bo-^ber-bi'de (Netb ) Hoogstraten, boili-stra'tcn (Netb) Hoorn, linrn (Xetli.) Hopital, O-pi-tal' (Switz.) Hopitalet, o-pi-ta-le' (Fr.) Horcajo, or-ka'6lio (Pen.j Hormigas, or-nii'giia (Pen.) 15?. Horuacbog, or-na'ebos (Pen ) Hornafvan, boi'nii-van (Sc. Pen ) I. Hornberg, ligrn'ber^ (Ger) Homburg, Iiorn'bogrg (Ger. and Prus ) Hornillo, 6r-nil'yo (Pen.) Hornli, bgru'li (Switz.) Hornos, oi'uos (Pen ) Hornussen, bgr-npos-sen (Switz ) Horodenka, bo-ro-denk'a (Austr.) Horsen, bnr'sen (Den.) Horsen's Fjord, bgr'sens Tiord (Den.j Hor!^t, bgrst (Netb and Den.) Horzgerude, Iiorts'^e-ro'de (Prus.) Hospital [Mt. S"t. Gotliard], b6s-pi-tal'(Switz.) Hospital del Obispo, os-pi-tal' del o-bis'po Hosseloe, bos'seUe^ (Uen.) isl. Hostouiitz, hosb'to-niits (Austr ) Hoszumez. bos'spg-nies-* (Aiistr ) Hotelierie, o-tel-n' (Fr.) isl. Houat, go-a' (Fr.) is/. Houdan, go-daag' (Fr., Houdelaincourt, ggd-lang-kgor (Fr.) Hou-nan, bou-nan (Cli.) Hououang, bou'ou-ang (li^.ist. Isl ) HoBpe, litiupe (Cb.) Housatonic, bgg-sa-ton'ik (U. S.) Howick, hoick (Eng.) Hoya, bo'ya{Ger.) Hnybambre, oi-am'bre (Pen.) c. Hoz. both (Pen.) Hradiac'i, ra'disb (Austr) Hudvicksvall, biid'viks-val (Sc. Pen ) Huebla, go-e'bla (Pen.) r. Huelnia, og-el'raa (Pen.) Hnelva, o'o-el'va (Pen.) Huen, or Hveen, vfine (Den ) isl. Huercalovera. go-er-kii-lo-ve'ra (Pen.t Huereal, og-e-re-iil' (Pen ) Huerta, oo-ec'ta (Pen.) Huertas, de las. de las gg-er'Liis (Pen ) Huesca, gg-ess'ka (Pen.) Huescar, gg-es'kiir (Pen ) Ihiisseau, u-is-ao' (Fr ) Hiikange, u-kangsb (Fr.) Hnlme. bggi'me (Ger.)f. Humbria, dc, de ogm'bii-a (Pen ) Humminge Land, bggm'ming-e land (Den.) Humora, bgg-nio'ra (.-Vustr) Huudsboved, bggnds'bo-ved (Den.) Hungary, bung'gary (Austr) Huune, liggii'ne (Den.) Hunnetorp,' hoo'ne-tnrp (Uen) Huntingdunsliire, hun'tin'^-don-sl.iiC (Eng ) Hurdwar, hurd-war' (Ind ) Husum, boo'zoom (Den ) Hutweiler,' bggi'vi-ler (Switz.) Hvalp Sound,' valp (Den.) Hyderaliad, by-di-ra-baiP (Ind ) Hyllestad, biil'le-3tiid (So. Peu.) 1. Iablonovo, ia-blo-no'vo (K.) lagotin. la-iio-liti' (H.) lakimvara, iii-kim-va'ra (R) lalta, i-al'ta (R.) lamburg, yjiin'ltonr^ (R.) lampol, iani'pol (K.) Fate, fill- fall wbat, bat : Mete, prev, belp. tbSre, ber , Pine, marine, bird, fig ; Note, dGve, move, wolf, book. IgnJ ; lune, buH, miito; Fr. long vCi • ' • 475 1 — 1 PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. lancovRcz, yiin'ko-vatcU (Anstr.) Iniestn, "i-ni-es'ia (Pcu.) Jablonow, ya-ldo'noof (Austr.) lauichki, iii-nicli'ki (R ) Inn, inn (Ausir. Ger.) r. Jabron, sha-brong' "(Fr ) laniclmt, i-ii-ni-shu' (Fr) Inniciien, ia'ui-dlien (Austr) Jaca, dha'ka (Pen.) laiiisia, iii-ni'si-a (R.) Innistrabul, in-nis'Ua-liuU (Nelli.) hi. Jaclowice. iu-klo-yit'se (Anstr.V Iiinolouk-, ia'no-Iouk (R.) Innspruck, in'sprook (.\ustr.) Jacohstadt, va'kob-stat (R) lantcliourinu, uint-cliou-ri'no (K.) luowraclaw, i-no-ra'kla (Prus.) Jacobstat, ya'kpb-stiit (R.) laransk, iiiriinsk (K.) Insara, iu-sa'ra (R.) Jadraque, clia-dra'ke (Pen.) Jaen, 6ba'en (Pen.) lareiisk, iii'rensk (R.) Insterbiirg, iu'ster-bopr§ (Prus.) laroslavi, ia-rgs-la'n (R.) Interlaken, in'ter-lalien (Switi.) Jaera, fiba-e'ra (Pen.) larymovo, ia-ry-ni6\o (R.) Inverary, iu-ver-a'ry (Scot.) JatTa, Jaffa oryaffa (Pal.) lavcliildina. iav-cliil-di'ua (K.> Inverlocliy, in-ver-lgch'y (Scot.) Jaffnapatam. jaff-na'pa-tam' (As.) Ibacli, i'liach (Switz.) luverness, in-ver-ness' (Scut.) Jago, St. [Simtijrtgo], saa fiba'go (Pen.) Ibbeubuhren, ib'ben-boo'reo (Ger.) lona, i-o'na (Scot.) Ja^st, ya^t (Ger.) J»gst, yiigst (Ger.) r. Ibeas, i-be'iis (Pen ) Ionian Isl , i^d'ui-nn Icel.tml, ice'Iand (Oeii.) lora, io'ra (R.) r Jagstberg, ya^t'berg (Ger.) lilanba, ii-il:iirva (Pen ) loroisi, lo-roi'si (R) Jaik, j-i-ik' (R.) r. liierstrup, i'der-stroop (Uen.) louchnov, loucli'nov (U.) Jako, ya'ko (Austr.) Idice, i-di'che (It.) r. louksievsk, iouk'sie-evst (R.) Jalacinga, cha-ia-iMii' (-siu') ga (Xles.) lUri:. ]'dre (Sc Pen ) lourlev, lour'lev (R".) Jalain, sba-lang' (Fr.) Idria, i'dri-a (Austr.) louroma, iou-ro'ma (R.) Jalapa, 5ba-la'pa (Mex.) Idro, i'dro (It.) Iowa, i'o-wa (U. S.) Jales, dha'less (Pen) lebedevsk. le'be-devsk (tl.) Ips, ips (Au9tr.) r. Jalons, sha-Ions' (Fr.) lefretiioT, le-fre'ni-ov (K.) Ipswich, ips'wich or ip'sidg (Eng. and U. S ) Jalowice, ya-lo-vU'se (Austr) lesorievsk, ie-go'ri-evsk (R.) Irakajemi, i-ra-kiUje'nii (Per.) Jamaica, ja-ma'ka isi. lekateridouar, ie-ka-le-ri-do'iiar (R.) Irati, i-ra'ii (Pen.) r. Jamnitz, yara'uits (Austr ) lekateriubourg, ie-ka-te'rin-bourg (R ) Ireland, ire'laiid Jamthaler, yam'ta-ler (Austr.) ml lekaterinoslav, ie-ka-te-ri-Dgs'liiv (K) Irgiz, ir'giz (R.) r. Jamund, >a'mopnd (Prus.) /. lelatora. ie'la-tom 'R.)' Irkoutsk, ir-koptsk' (As.) Janaro. i-a-nii'ro (It.) r. lenotaevsk, le-no-ta-evsk' (R.) Iroquois, ir-o-quois' or ir-o-knii' Jandula, ^han-doo'ia (Pen.) r. lereminka. ie-re-inm'ka (R.) Irrawaddy, ir-ra-wad'dy (As) Janow, ja'noof (Austr.) lerne, ier'ue (Deu.) Irtish, ir-tisV (R ) Japan [Niphon, by the Japanese], ja-pan\ levlouchina, ler-lou-dliVna (R ) Inieclia, i-rooe'clia (Pen ) niph-on' Igral, i-gal' (Austr.) Irurzan, i-roor'thau (Pen) Jaraicejo, ^ia-r;i-i-the'6ho (Pen) Igen, igen (Den,) Isalka, i-sal'ka (R.) Jarama, dba-ni'ma (Pen ) r. Ighafer, ig'ba-fer (R) Isar, I'sar (Ger.) Jard, la, la shar (Fr.) Iglau, i'glou (Au3tr.) Isar, or Isser, i'sar or is'ser (Ger.) r. Jarnac, shai'-uak' (Fr.) Igiau. i'glou (Austr.) r. Isbaiklchi, is-ba-ikl'clii (R) Jaroslau. yar'os-lav (Austr) r. Iglesias, i-gle'si-as (It.) Ischta, "is'ki-a (It) isl. Jaska, yas'ka (Austr.) Iglo. i'glo (Austr.) Ischim, Steppe of, is'cirini (As.) Jaslo. yas'Io (Austr.) Ignev, 111-} a' (Fr.1 Isenheim. I'zen-hlrae (Fr.) Jassogne, shas'sony' (Neth.) Igualada, i-gop-a-la'da (Pen.) I'ser i'ser (Austr ) r. Jassy, yas'sv (Tur.) lidensalmi, ji-deii-sal'mi (R > Iserable, i-se-ra'ble (Switz.) Jastfow, viis'tro (Prus.) Ijeniska. i-jems'ka (R.) Iseran, i-se'ran (It.) mt. Jasz Apathi, yas a-pa'ti (Austr.) Ijima, i-ji'nia (R.) r. Isfire, i-s6re' (Fr.) dep. Jaszbereng. yos-be-reng' (Austr.) Ijo, i'jo (R.) Iseruia, i-ser'ni-a (It) Jauer, you'er (Pru?.) ikalis, i-kaTis (R.) Isidoro, i-si-do'i-o (.Mcs,.) Jaulnais, shOl-ua' (Fr.) Ikervar, i-ker'var (Austr.) Isigny, i-zin-yi' (Fr.) Jauran, sho-raug' (Fr.) U Horst, il horst (NtUi ) Isih, i-si'ii (ll ) Java, ja'va isl. Itanz, i'lauts (Switz.) Islamabad, is-laiu-a-bad' Javinal. clia-vi-nal' (Mex.) Ilek, i'lek (R.) r. Isle, lie (Fr.) Jean d'Angelv, St., sang shang daugsh-Ti' (Fr.) Ilicha, i-ri'clia (R.) r. isle, P [Vaud], ITle (Swilz ) Ilinka, i-Iin'ka (R.) Isleta, 13-le'ta (Mex.) Jean de Luz, St., sang shang de Ifii Illanesa, il-Iti-ne'sa (Austr ) Islington, is'ling-tnu (Eng ) (Fr.) • • = - lUasi, iMa'si (it.) Ismail, is'ma-il (R) Jedburgh, jeU'burg or jed'iio-ro (Scot.) llle, lie (Fr.) Isni, is'iii (Ger.) Jees, jees (Per.) lUe and Vilaine, lie, ri-lanc' (Fr.) Jrp. Isola,"i-s6'la (It) Jegeu, Te'gen (Den.) isi Iller. il'ler (Ger.jr. IsoU Sacra, i-so'ia sa'kni (It.) Jtka, je'ka (R.) lllgau, il'gou (Switz.) Ispahan, is-pa-hau' (Per.) Jelhng, yelling (Den.) Illinois, il-li-iioi* (-nois) (U. S) Isque, isk (Fr.) Jelmsoe, yelnis'eti ( Isserliufen. is-"ser-hc>o'fen (Ger ) Jenaiz, ye'nats (Switz.) lUyria, il-lir'i-a (Austr.) Issert, is'ser't (Switz'.) Jenisberg, ye'uis-berg (Switz.) Ilm, ilm (Ger) r Issoire, is's«ar (Fr.) Jerez de la Frontera, che-reth de la frou-tc'- llmen, il'mcu (K.) Issudun, is'sfi-deTing' (Fr ) ra (Pen.) llmen, il'men, (R.) I. Istcboino, ist-choruo (R,) Jerisiarvi. clie-ri-si-ar'\'i (Pen.) Uraeuau, il'me-nou (Ger ) isto, is'to (Austr.) isl. Jersey, sher-sa' or jer'zy (Fr.) isl llmeriau, il'me-nou (Ger.) r. Istna, is'in-a (Austr.) Jesjoiii. yess-yo'vi (Sc. Pen.) r. Ilsenbacii.' il'zen-bach (Ger.) Istria, Capo d', ka'po dis'tri-a (Austr.) Jessberg, yes'berg (Ger.) llz, ilts (Aiistr.) Italy, it'a-ly Jettendal, yet'ten-dal (Sc. Pen.) Ih, ills (Ger.) r. Itama, i-ta'ma (Gr) mL JeiTiager. yevn' (veu) a-ger (Sc Pen.) Tlzliofen, ilts-lio-fen (Gei.) Ithaka, i'tha-ka (Gr.) Jeypoor, ji'poor (Hind.) llzstadt, iits'stat (Ger.) Ithome, i-thO'me (Gr) ml. Jezeraua. ye-tse-ra'na (Austr.) Ima, i'raa (Mex.) /. Itri. itri (It.) Jezewo, ye-Ue'vo (Prus ) Imandra. i-man'dra (R) /. Itzchoe [Holstein], il'se-lio (Den.) Jezierna, ied-zi-er'na (Austr.) Imbro, im'bro (lur.) tsl. lussy, iQs-si' (Switz.) Jinienado, clii-me-na'do (Pen.) Imerctia, i-me-re'ii-a (R.) Ivanich, i-va'nich (Austr.) Jinzo, ^liiu'lho (Pen.) ininienstadt, im'meu-sLat (Ger.) Ivankov, i-viin'kov (R.) Jirdra jir'dra (R ) Imola, i-ni6*Ia (It.) Ivanovskoe, i-va-uovs'ko (R.) Jitomir, ji-to-mir' (R.) Inioscbi i-raos'ki (Anstr.) Iveroe, i've-reti (Sc. Pen ) Joannes, sho- (cho-) aii'ness (Braz.) i$l. Imst, inist (Austr.) Ivica, i-vi'sa (Pen ) Jodar, cho-diir' (Pen.) liiares, i-na'resse (Austr.) Ivi^n, 1 visa (Pen.) id. Joenkjoepin*, yeiin-cheti'pin» (Sc. Pen.) Inca, in'ka (Pen ) Irory Coast, i'ro-ry kost (Af.) Johaunisberg, yo-han'nis-berg (Prus.) Incisa, in-cbi*za (It) Ivrea, i-vre'a (It) Johanuiswerden, yo-hau'nis-Ter'den (Deu ) Indal, iii'diil (Sc. Pen ) Ivry, i-vri' (Fr ) Johure, jo-hure (East. Isl.) Indal, iu'dal (Sc. Peu ) /-. Lxar, ix'ar ( R ) Joigny, shwan-yV (Fr.) Inden, iii'den (Snitz.) Izachi'ch, i-zach-lcli (Austr ) Joiuville, shwang-\ite' (Fr.) India, in'ja Izbinsk, iz'binsk (R ) Jolan. filiolan (Pen.) r. Indiana, in-di-a'na (U. S.) Izbitche, iz-bit-clie (R) Jolbos, choi'bos (>Iex.) hi. Iniies. in'jez Iiioum, i-zi-oum' (K.) Jonzac, sbong-zak' (Fr.) Indre, eitgdi' (Fr) r. liotina, i-z6-ti'na (H) Jordanow, vor'da-noof (Austr.) ' Indre, engdr* (Fr.) ilfp. Uvaig, u'va ig (R.) Jorquera, chdr-ke'ra'(Pit:in, koor'dis-tan or koor-dis-luu (Per.) Kojtanai, or KiXitanvc, koo-ta-ni' (U. S.) KopcUik, kgp'chik (R) Hoping, ebei'ping (Sc. Pen.) Kopreiiiitz, ko-pri'nits (Austr.) Kora, ko'i-a (R.) Korana, ko-ra'na (Austr) r. Koras, kii-ras (Austr.) Kordofan, kgrVo-fan or k^r-do-Hin' (Af.) Korenicza, ko-re-m'clia (Anstr.) Kornenljerg, kgr'nen-berg lAusIr.) Koro, kOro (Austr.) Koros, ko'ros (.Austr) Koros, ko'ros (Austr.) r Koros Febes, kij'ros fe'hes (Anstr.) r Koros Fekete, ko'ros fe-ke'ie (Austr.) r. Koros Sebea, ko'ros se'besse (Austr.) r. Korrostellevo, kgr-rgs-lel-!e*vo (Austr) Kors Fjord, kgrs' fiOrd (Sc. Pen.) Korsbeiga, kgrs-ber'ga (Sc. Pen.) Koranaes, kgrs'nas (R.) KorsTig, kgrs'vig (Sc. Pen.) Korva, kgi'va (R.) Kosinsk, bo-sinsk' (R) Kosniodemia'isk, kos-tno-ile'nii-iinsk (R.) Kostainicza, kgs-ti-ui'cha (Austr.) Kostanitz, kgs'ta-nUs (Austr.) Kosternilz, kgs'ter-nits (Prus ) KostOTii, kgs-'to'va (K.) Kostroma, kgs-tro'nia (R.) Kosva, koa'va (R ) r. Kosvensk, kgs-vensk' (R) Koszenice, ko-sbe-ui'tse (R.) Koszlara, kgsz-ta'ra (Austr.) Kotiovka, kgt-lgv'ka (R.) Kotzing, kot'sing (Ger.) Kouban, kou'tian (R.) I. and r, Koubinsk. kou'liinsk (R.) t. Koucliewanda, kou-c!ie-van'da (R) Koucbdev, kou-chi-lev' (R) Koucliouktcbkoi, kou-chouktcli'koi (R.) Kouda, kou'da (K.) iioudekerke, kou'de-ker-ke (Neth.) Kouderkerk. kou'der-kerk (Neth.) Kuuhnsk, k>.iu'linsk (R.) Koulioi, kou'li-6i (R.) r. Kounia. kou'nia (R ) i?. and r. Koninia, kou'mi-a (R.) Kour, kour, (R ) r. KourianoTska, kou-rJa-noTs'ka (R) Kourilovka. kou-ri-iovka (R.) Kourinsk, kou'rinsk (R.) Koursk, or Kuorsk, koursk (R.) Kouvaebi, kou-va'clii (R.) Kouzinitchi, kou-zi-nit'cbi (R.) Kovdozero, kgv-do'ze-ro (l\ ) /. Kovrov, ko'vrov (R) Kozelsk, ko'zelsk (R.) Kozlinsk, kgz'linsk (R.; Kozlov, koz'li)V tU.) Krabdendyk, krab'den-dike (Netli.) Krakow, rr Cracow, kra'kgof (Austr ) Krajova, kia-jO'va (Austr) Kraniclifeldt, kra'nich-felt (Ger.) Kranowitz, kra'no-vits (I'riis) Krasnosloljulsk, kras-nos-Io'bglsk {K) Krautljeim, kront'bime (Ger.)" Kreig, krig (Ger.) r Kretuenetz, kre'nK'-nets (R.) Kreninitz. krem'nitz (R ) Krestzi, kreslit'zi (R.) Kreuiiberg, kroits'hcrg (Prus.) Kreutzliurg, knats'bgorg (Pru=.) Krenzuacli, kroits'nacli (Ger.) Kriinpcn, kriin'peu (Neth.) Krogdalil, krOg'dabl (Den.) Krolovv, krO'lo or kro'loof (Prus.) Kroraau, krg'niou (Austr.) Ivronach kro'naih (Ger.) Kronberg, kion'berg (Den.) Kronenburg, krO'nen-boorg (R.) Kronobi, kro-no'lii (R ) Kropsmolde, krgpsiuglMe (Nelli.) Kroscienko, kio-cbi-en'ko (Austr.) Krumcnau, kroo'me-nou (Switz ) Krvkova, kry-ko'va (R.) Krvb)V, krj'lov (R.) Kubin, koo-bine' (Austr.) Kubbs, kpo'blis (Switz.) Kuesnacht. kiis'naiht (Switz.) Kuessel, kus'sel (Ger.) Kuessen, kiis'sen (Prus.) Kueslrine, kiis-trine' (Prus.) Knfstcin, kool'stine (Anstr.) Kulirdorf, koor'dgrf (Ger.) Kubstedt, koo's'et (tier.) Kuik, kmk (JSctb.) Kuikel, (inat, koi'kel (Austr.) r. Kuilenburg, koi'len-boorg (Nelb.) Kuinder. koin'der (Ketb.) Kukcl. kpo'kel (Austr.) r. Kukeuiz, kop'ke-nits (Den.) Kukullo\ar. kpo'kppl-lo-var (Austr) Kulebye. kpo'le-bfl. (Den.) Kubkow, koo'li-ko (koof) (Au^tr.) Kulkoiin Isles, kul'koun (East. Isl.) Kulm. kpplm (Sivitz) Kutpa, kpol'pa (Austr.) r Kuradon, ktlm'ilon (Ind.) Kumelsbach, kop'niels-bafb (Ger.) Kumiljeiisk, kil'mil-jensk (R.) Kunimer. kpom'mer (Ger.) Kunicb, kpp'nidb (Austr.) Kunuolung. kpon'po-loong (Auslr.) Kimzelau, kppn'tse-luu (Ger ) Kuopis, kii-o*pis (R.) Kuppenlieim, kpop'pen-bime (Ger.) Kurland, or Couvlaiid. kppr'lant {11 ) Kurravara, kur-ra-va'ra (Sc. Pen.) Knrth, kpprt (Austr.) Kuru. kpp'roo (Austr.) Kustala. kuMa'la (R) Kulaiyeli, kop-tiyeli (Tur.) Kutlau. kppt'icu '(Prus.) Kutno, kui'no (R.) Kutsaiii, kppt-sa'ni (Anstr.) Kynienegard. ku'nie-ne-gord' (R. Kyritz, ki'rits (Prus.) " Kyvel. kfi'vel (Den.) L. La, la (It.) ral. La Cbeii!iy6 la slie-na-ie' (N. Am ) La Graiuie Cliartreuse, la griingd sbur tretize' (Fr.) Liialaiid, lo'land (Den.) isl. Laapersdorf, la'ners-dgrf (Switz.) Laai-en. lii'ren (Netli )* Laas, la* (Austr) Laastrup, iCi'stroop (Den.) Laax, laks (Switz.) Laba. la'ba (R ) r. Lababan. la-bi-baog' (Ft,) ],alier, la'ber (Ger.) r. Labiau, li'b'i-ou (Prus.) Tjtincum, la-bi'kppm (It.) Labinska, la-))in9'ka (R.) Labiscliin, la-bi-sbine' (Pras) Labrador, la-bra-dor' or lab-ra-dur* (N. Am. Eng.) Lacarre, la-kiir' (Fr ) Laccadives, lak'ka-divcs Laccdemonia. lA.t-e-de-mO'n'i-a (Gr.) Lacedogua, la-che-don'ya (It.j Laclien, la'clieii (Switz.) Lacblan, lach'ian (Australia.) Lackawnnnock. or Lackawanna, lak-a-«aii'- nock or lak-a-wan'na (U. S.) Lackawaxen, lak-a-wa.v'en (U. S.) Lacko, lak'ko (Austr.) Laconia, lii-kO'ni-a (Gr.) Lacovie, la-ko-vi' (W. Ind ) mt. lACuua, la, Iti lii-kop'na (Pen.) Ladelund. Iri'de-lpoud (Den ) Ladoga, lii-do'ga (R.) Ladoga, la-do'ga (R.) /. Ladrone, la-dro'ne (East. Isl.) Laerskov. lars'kove (Den.) Laga, la'ga (Sc. Pen.) r. Lagartas, lii-gar'tas (Mex ) Lagarias, la-giir'tas Olex.) r. Lage Mierdp, la'ge mu-e'de (Nelh.) Lagni, lan'yi (It.) r. Lagniere. liin-ji-fire' (Fr.) L>\ i-el'la (It.) Laka, la'ka (Austr.) r. Lalsk, lalsk (R) Lambacb, liim'biidli (.\uslr) l^imballe. lang-bale' (Fr.) Lambert Scliagen, lam'bert ska'gen (Netb.) Lambrein, lang-brang' (S^itz) Lamcgo, la-me'go (Pen.) l.amine. la-nu'ne (Den ) g. Laniitz, Kircben, U'mita, kir'cben (Gei) Lamnirrnuiir, lani'mer-mdi' (Scot ) l^moile, la-nioile' (U. S.) Lamone, la-uio'ne (It.) r. Lampojeiska. lani-po-jers'ka (R) Lampong, lam'pgng (East. Isl.) Laua, la'na (AustrO Lauakula, la-na'ka-la (R.) Fr. short but; Friong eii, short eti, as in spur; Final ly, Fr. I niuuiHe; Aii"ger, vi'Vious. g«s sin pleasme, g (!h guttural, ny liquid, th as in pit I'. 478 PKONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Lanark, iati'ark (Scot ) Laiicasiiire, lan'kag-sliire' (En^) ; Lancaster, laa'kas-ter (Eug.) b. Lancat, lan'kat (Austr.) Lanciano, lan-cliaiio (It.) Landau, lan'iiou (Ger.) lAndeck lau'dek (I'rus.) Landeuburg, lau'deu-boorg fGcr.) Landreneau, lansnlr'-no' (Fr.) Laiideron, liiny-dc-iong' (Switz ) Landes, liingd (l*r.) dep. Laiidiviziaii, liing-iii-vi-zi-ang' (Fr.) Landrecies, langdr-si' (Er.) Landsberg, liints'berg (Ger. Prns.) Land scroll a, lanls-kro'iui (Austr.) Landshut, laiits'lioot (Ger. Prus.) Landsjart; Idnds'viii f (Sc. Pen) Landskrona, Jands-kro'iia (Sc. Pen.) Landstuhl, liiul'stool (Ger.) Langieais, liiiig-slia (I'V.) Langefeld, lang'e-feit (Ger.) Laugeland, lan^'e-land (Otrn.) isl. Langelot, liinu'e-lgt (Sc. Pen.) Langeii, lati^'en (Ger.) Langeiiaes, iiin;i'e-nas (Sc. Pen.) Langcnali, lang'e-na (l)eii.) id. Langenau, lang'e-nnu (Prns.) Lanjr Ejeld, laiij; field (Sc. Pen.) mf. Laugensalza, lang-eii-ziil'tsa (Prns ) Lingenllial, l:ing-en-tale' (Swit/,) Lanftheniaj-e^, laiis-e-niii'iecli (^tLll.) Lan{;hoIt, lang'hnlt (Ger.) Lan^nau, liing'nou (Smtz.) Langoen, lang'eiin (Sc. Pen ) til, Langogne, lang-gony' (Er.) Langou, l;in"goiig (Fr.) I.aiigres, lan^^- (Er.) Languedoc, liing-dok' (Fr) Laiijaron, Jau-iiha'ron (feu.) Lanu, Ian (Ger.) Lannilis, liin-ni-li' (Fr.) Lannion, Ijin-niong (Fr.) Laiitadilla, laD-la-dirya (Pen., Lanuvium, la-noo'vi-oom (It.) Lativeau, ]an<:-vo' (Fr.) Laon, lang (Fr.) Laos, lii'os (East. Isl.) Liipatitclii, la-pa-tit'ilii (R Lapmska. la-pins'Xa (R.) Lapland, lap'land or lap-land (R) r. La Plata, laplit'ta (S. Am.; Lapos, la'pos (Austr.) r. Lappo, lap'po (R.) Laragne, ja-riiny' (Fr ) Lardoza, lar-dO'tha (I'm.) Laredo, lii-re'do (Pen ) Lareto, hi-re'to (Switz.) Largentifeie. lar-gung-ti-fire' (7r.) Lari, la'ri (It.) Larice, la'rice (N. Zeal.) Larigues, Iri-ri:;' (Er.) Larino, la-ri'no (It.) Larissa, la-ris'sa (Tur.) Lanstan, la-ris'tan (Per) Larnika, lar'iii-ka (Tur.) Laron, lii'roii (Pen,) Larounio, la-rcp'nio (Pen.) Larres, lar'resse (Fen.) Larrika, lar'ii-ka Larwaid, lar'valt (Ger) La Salle, la salle (U. S.) Laselle, lii-zCle' (Fr.) Lashult, las'lipolt (Sc Pen.) Lassabn, liis-sabn' (Prus.) Lastra, las'tra (It.) Lastres, las'tres-^e (Pen.) Lataclity, la-lncli'ty (K) Latakia, liit-a-ki'a (Tur.) Latcha, lai'clia (R.) t. Latcbkovo, latclikO'vo (R.) Laterina, lii-te-ri'na (It ) Latoreza, lii-io-red'za (Auslr.) r. Lattaja. lal-ta-i-a (It.) Lauban, lou'ban (Pnia.) LauenlHir^, lou'en-byprg (Den. Prn3.) l.aufeu, lou'fen (Switz.) Laufprbach, inu'ter-liadli (Ger.) Laukiscliken, lou kish keu (Prus) J.aunoy, lo-iuva (Er.) Laupeisweiler, Iou'pers-\i'ler (Switz..) Laupo, lou'po (Switz., Laurenlum, lou-ren'toom (It.) Lauriuni, lou'ri-oom (it.) I-aurvig, lour'vii; (Sc. Pen ) Lausanne, lu-siine' (Suitz.) Lauter, lou'ter (Switz.) Lauter, lou'ttr (Ger.) r. Lauter Brunnen, lou'ter broon'nen (Switz.) Lauterburg, lou'ter-boorg (Ger.) Lautre<5, lotr (P'r.) Lauwer Zee, iou'ver ze (Netli.) Laval, la-val' (Fr.) Lavandara, la-van-da'ra (It.) r. Lavaos, la-va'os (Pen.) Lavardec, la-var-dek' (Fr.) Lavello, la-vel'lo (It.) Laveisk, la'velsk (R.) Laventina, la-ven-ti'na (Switz.) vat Lavertezza, la-ver-tet'sa (Switz.) Laveur, la-v^r' (Fr.) Lavin, la-vin' or la-vang' (Switz.) Lavinium, la-n'm-gom (It.) Lavizzara, la-nt-sii'ra (Switz ) vnl. Lavoncourt. la-vou^-koor' (Fr.) Lawrence, St.. law'rence (Can.) r, Laybach, li'ba6h (Austr.) Layc, la (Fr.) Lays Fjord, lis fiord (Sc. Pen ) Laza, la'tba (Pen ) Leamington, lem'lng-ton (Eng.) Leau, lo (Netli.) Leba, le'ba (Prus ) I. Lebanon, leb'a-non (Pal.) mt. Lebiagsk, le-bi-iigsk' (K ) Lebrija, le-bri'clui (Pen.) Lebrilla, Ic-bril'ya (Pen.) Lecce, let'clie (It.) Leccio, let'cho (It) Lecno, lek'ko (It.) Lech, leib (Gi-r.) r. Leek, leek (Netli.) r- Lectoure, lek-topr' (Fr.) Ledana, le-da'na (Pen.) Ledesma, le-des'ma (Pen.) Leeds, leeds (Eng ) Leende, le-en'de or le'en-de (Nctli.) Leer, le'er (Ger.) Leerau, lebr'rou (Switz.) Leerdam, lehr'dara (Netli ) Leersuni, lehr'soom (Netli.) Leeuwarden, loi-viir'den (Netb.) Lceuwen, loi'ven (Netb.) Leeuwin'a or Lion's Land, loi'vius (Austral.) Lefsina, lef-si'na (Prus ) Leganes, ie-^a'nesse (Pen.) Leganger, le'<;jing-er (Sc. Pen ) Lege, laslie (Fr.) I-eggia, led'ga (Switz.) Leghorn, (It.) Livorno, (Fr) Livonme, (It.) le'goru, (Eng.) leg-horu' or leg'liorn, (Fr.) li-voprne' Legnano, len-ya'no (It.) Leguas, le'gon-as (Pen.) Leliata, le-ba'ta (Austr) Lehberg, leb'berg ((Jer.) Lehe, le'he (Ger.) Lehen, le'lien (Prus) Lebentze, le'bent-se (Austr) Leibnitz, lip'jiits (Ger.) Leicester, les't'er (Eng.) Leicestersliire, les'ter-sb'ire (T^ng.) Leignitz, Hgiiits (Prus.) Leimuiden, li-nioi'den (Netli ) Leine, li'ne (Ger.) Leinroden, lioe-ro'den (Ger.) Leinster, liii'ster or liu'ster (Ir.) mt. Leinz, lints (Austr.) Leipnik, lip'nik (Austr) Leipzig, or Leipsic, lip-tsig (Gcv.) I,eira, li'ra (Pn-n.) Leith, leetli (Scot.) Leitrim, lee'trim (Ir ) co. Leitzen, li'tsen (Austr.) I-e.;ah, El, el le'jah (Pai.) Lekclia, lek'cha (R.) I. Lekma, lek'ma (R.) Lekoe, lekVu (Sc. Pen.) Leksand, lek'siind (Sc. Pen.) Lellingen, lel'ling-eo (Netb. Ger.) Leman, le-nuin' (It.) I. Leman, Lae, or Lemaims, le'niiin, la le'raa- noos (Switz.) Lemberg, lem'berg (Austr.) Lcnikendorf, lem'ken-dnrf (Prus ) Lenimer, leni'ciier (Netli ) Lemno, or Leninos, lera'no, lem'nos (Tur ) Lenivig, lem'vig (Den.) Lenawee, len'a-wee (U. S ) Lenboyska, len-boys'ka (R ) Lendcra, len'de-ra (R.) LenUinara, leu-di-na'ra (It.) Lengnau, leng'nou (Switz.) Lenhoelda, lehn-heliv'da (Sc. Pen.) Lenkoran, len-ko'rau (R.) Lenkzi, lenk'tsi (Prus.) Lennard, len'nard (N. Zeal.) mt. Lenne, leu'ne (Ger.) r. Lens, leas (Netli.) Lenss, lens (Switz.) Lente. leii'te (Neth.) Leutievo, len-ti-e'vo (R,> Lentiiii, Icn-ti'ni (It.) Lenz, lents (Switz.) Lenzen, len'tsen (Pm«.) Lenzenhof, leu'tseuTliof (R.) Leobscliutz, lop'sbuts'fPrus.) Leogaue, la-o-gan' (W. Ind.) Leominster, lem'ster (Eng) Leon, le-oii' (Pen. and Mcx.) Leon, le-on' (Pen.) isl. Leonard'a, le-o-niir'da (Tt.) r. Leone, le-o'ne (It. and Switz.) mt. Leonessa, Ic-o-nes'sa (It.) Leopold sliaieii, le'o-po!ds-ha'fen (Ger) Leopoldstadt. Ic'O-jmld-stiit (Austr.) Lepanto, le-piin'to (Gr) st. Lepaiito, le-pan'to (Gr.) g. Lepel, le'pel (R.) Lcpseny, lep-sheny (An-^tr.) Lerdal, ler'dat (Sc. Pen ) Leria, ie'ri-a (It.) Le-ida, le-ri*da (Pen.) Lerkenburg, ler'ken-borir^' (Den ) Lerma, ler'nia (Pen,) Lerwick, ler'rik (Scot.) Les Bois, le bwa (Switz.) Lesbein. le-bang' (Fr.) Lesigne, le-siny' (Er.) Lesina, le-zi'na (It.) Lesmaiiago, les-mii-lili-go (Scot.) Lesmaiit, le-mang' (Fr.) Lesperou, le-pe-rong' (Fr.) Lessina, les-si'na (Austr.) isl. Lessingbe, les'sing-be (Netb.) Lessinnes, lesVine (Neth.) Lessee, les'seti (Den.) Leszinow, les'si-noof (-no) (Auslr.) Letachniki, le-tiicli-ni'ki (R.) Letala, ie-ta'ia (R.) Letellons, le-tel-lung' (Fr.) Letitcliev, le-tit'cliev (R) Letrica, le-tri'ka (Pen.) Lette. let'te (Ger.) Lette, let'te {Yv.) r. Letterkeniiy, let-ter-ken'ny (Ir.) Letlin, let-tin' (R ) Leuca, Cape di. ka'pe di Ic-oo'ka (It.) Leuk, loik (Switz.) Leuker, loi'ker (Switz ) Leusscn, lois'sen (Neth.) Leuteaberg, loi'ton-berg (Ger.) Leuvenuin, loi'fe-noom (Netli.) Leuzingen, loi'tsing-eu (Switz.) Levanger, le-viiiig'er (Sc. Pen.) Levano, le-va'no (It.) Levanso, le-vau'so (It ) isl. Levant, le-vanf Levet, le-ve' (Fr.) Levier, Iti-ri-e' (Fr ) Levigneu, le-vin-yeu' (Er.) Levroux, le-vroo' (Er.) Lewes, lu'is (Eng.) Leyden, li'den (Netli.) Leye, ii'e (Ger.) Leypa, li'pa (Austr.) Lezardriaux, Ic-zar-dri-o' (Fr.) Libau, li'bou (It.) Libanus, li-ba'nus (Tiir.) vil. Lil)entz, li'itents (Austr.) Libourue, li-boorn' (Fr.) Liburnia, li-boor'ni-a Libya, li'bi-a Lichtenau, lich'te-nou (Ger ) Lichtenfels, ii^h'fen-fel-* (Ger.) Licbtensteig, Uch'teii-sti§ (Swilz.) Lichtenvoorde, liiili'tcn-lor'd'' (Netb) Lichtevelde, li^ii'tc-fel'de (Netli.) Licodia, liko'di-a (it.) Licosa, li-ko'sa (It.) Lida, lida (R) Liddes, lid'desse (Switz.) Liddesdalc, lid'dis-dale (Scot) Lidkoeping, lid-cheu'ping (Sc. Pen.) Lido, li'do (Ir ) ft. Lidoviaiig, li-dO-vi-iing' (R.) Liebenwalde, li'beii-varde (Prus.) Lieberose, li'lte-io'ze (Prus.) Liege, li'dhe (Neth.) Lier, li-er' (Neth.) Liesiipilolcb, ri-e-sa'pi'-lotch (R) Liessel, lis'sei (Netb.) Liestal, li'sliil (Switz.) Lietha, li'ta (R.) Lieu, lieli (Switz.) Liffey, lif'fv (Ir.) Liffre. lifr (Fr.) Lifland, or Livonia, Iife'liint 'R.) Fate, lar, fall, what, bat; M etc, prey, help, thfiic, her ; Pine, marine, bird, fig; Note, d6ve, move, wolf, book, lord; 'lune.bjfll, unite; Fr. loug vllej II.— Suit. 479 9 T PROXUNCIATrON OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Ligifelfinsen. H-gi'fel-fing'en (Switz.) Lobenstein. leTi'ben-stine (Ger.) Lonrtier, loor-tie' (Switz) Lignenlle, finy-nle (¥r ) Lobiska; lo-bis'ka (R.) Louta, l.iu'ia (R?) r. Litrniercs, liti-vi-ire' (Fr ) Loburg, lo'boorg (Ger.) Lomb, loutb (Ir ) co. Ligiiy, liQ-yi (Fr ) Locarno, lo-kar'no (Swi'z.) Louveigne, loo-veny' (Neth.) Liiiu. or Liim Fjoril, lime fi-ord (Pen."^ g. Locb Leven, locb lev'en (Scot) Louvigne du Desert, loo-Tiny^ dJl de-zer' (Tr."* Likoclikino. R-koch-kVno (11.) Loch Lomond, locb io'mond (Scor ) Loro, lo'vo (Aiis'r.) Lille, rile (Fr.) Lochaber, locb-a'ber (Scot.) Lovrana, lo-vra'na (Austr.) LUlers. fi-'i-e or Iil-Te' (Fr.) Locbem, lo'chem (Keth) Lowenberg, Ieu'» en-berg (Pros) Lowinsk, To'nnsk (R.) Lille-^aud, lii'le-sand (Sc. Pen ) Loches. losIiC (Fr) LiUo, lil'io ■^^'eth.)/^ Locliuiseu, lo-cboi'zen (Netb.) Lowisa, lo-vi'za Lima, li'raa or li'ma (S. im.) Lochvitsa, Irvch-rit'sa (R.) Lowositz, lo'vd-zits (Austr.) Lima, B'ma (Peu.l r. Lockmtz, lo'k'uits (Prus.) Loxa. or Loja, lo'cUa (Pen.) Limrj, Porta de, por'ta de fi'ma (Pen.) Locle, lokl (Switz.) Loz Verknia. loz verk'ni-a (.R.) Lim»n, li'mao (Tur ) Locmaria, Igk-ma-ri'a (Fr) Lor^re, l6-z6re' (Fr) mt. Limari, Volcano, fi-ma'ri vol-ka'no (S. Am.) Ix)cmiue, lok-mine' (Fr.) Lozfere. io-zftre' (Fr.) , Lim^to. li-nia'to lit.) t. Lodfeve, lo-'iiere' (Fr.) Lozovka, lo-zov'ka (R,) Limbourg, lang-lioor' (Netli.) Lodi, 16 di (U.) Luarca, loo-ar'ka (Pen.) Limbur^, lira'boorg (Ger ) Lodomir, lo-dn-mir' (Anstr.) Lubasz, lop'basb (Prus.) Limerick, liui'er-ick (Ir.) co. Loenen, loo'nen (Netb.) Lubben. loob'ben (Prus ) Limeuil, fi-iueii-i or ll-mtitilj' (IV.) Lofer. '.6'ier (Austr.) Lubeck, lu'bek (Ger ) Liniingo, ii-ming'o (R.) Loffoden, luf-fo'den (Sc Pen.) Luben, lu l»en ((Str.) LimiDMt, lim'mat (Switz.) r. Lotoden, lo-.o'den (Sc. Pen.) UU Lubiewo, loo-bie'^o (Prus.) Limoges, fi-moge' (fr.) Loge, la, la loge (Fr.) Lublin, lub-"iin''(R.) Limousin, fi-moo-iang' (Fr ) Loges, Grand, grang loge (Fr ) Lublinitz, loo'bli-uits (PrU3.) Limoiu, li-moo' (Fr.) Loges, Petit, pe-ii' loge (Fr.) Lublo, loo'blo (AuAr.) Liiiaro, Ii-na'ro (It.) c. Logis. Neuf, nelif lo-gi' (Fr.) Lucca, look'ka (It) Lineolu. liu'kuu (Eog and Can.) Logrouo, lo-gro'no (Pen.) Lucieusteig, loo'tsi-eu-stig' (Switi.) Lincolnshire, Unk'un-sbire (Eug.) Lohto. lob'to (R ) Lucena, lop-tlie'na (Pen) Liudiiu, lin'dcu (Ger.) Loir, Iwar (Fr.) r. Lnceuay I'Eveque, li os-na le-Tfifee' (iV.) Linde, lin'de (Ger.) Loir and CUer. Iwar, sber (Fr.) Jcp. Lucerano, loo-cbe-ra'iio (It.) Linden, lin'deu (Ger.) Loire, iwar (Fr.) dep. Lucbovr, loo'cbo (Ger.) Lioderup, lin'de-roop (Den ) Loire, Inar (Fr.) r. Lucby, Joi,'cby (Austr.) Lindesuaes, lin'des-nas (5c. Pen ) Loiret, Iwa-re' (Fr.) dq>. Luckaw, look'kou (Prus ) Lindliolm, lind'bnttn (Den.) Loitz, loits (I'rus.) Luckiiow, luck-now' (lUnd.) Lingen, linij'en (Ger.) Loja, or Loxa, lo'cha (Pen.) Lucy les B is, la-si' le bwa (Fr.) Liukoping, En-cbeu'piog (Sc. Feu.) Lojauo, l6-ia'no (It.) Ludbreck, lood'brek (Auslr) LioUthgow, lin-Iith'goworlin'lilh-^ow (Scol- Lokereu. lok'e-rep (NelUJ Lude, le, le'lftd (Fr ) land) CO. Lolin, lo-Iin' (Switz.) Ludenscbeid, Ipo'den-sbid (Ger.) liinola, E-no'la (Pen-) Lolle, lol'le (Austr.) Luder, loi/der tGer.) r. Liusburg, iins'boorg (Ger) Lombardy, lom'bar-dy (It) Lndernp, loo'de-roop (Den ) Liotgen, liiit'cbeti (Netb > Lombovskoi, lom-bov'skoi (R.) i*'. Ludlow, loodlo (Prus.) r. Linthal, Im'tale (Switz.) Lommatzscb, lom'uiatsb (Ger ) Ludwigsburg, lood'rigs-booi^ (Ger ) Liulz, lints (Austr. Ger) Lomraen, lom'men (Sc. Pen.) Ludwigslust. lpod'\ig--]oost (Ger ) Lini, lints (Ger.-) Lomond. Io'mond (Scot ) Lue en Diow, lil ang dl-wa' {Vi.) Lion, li-ong^ (Fr.) Lomza, lom'za (R.) Lue, le. le Id (Fr.) Lion d'Augers. le, le li-one dans-ge (Fr.) Louato, Ig-ua'to (It.) Lue. m (Fr.) Lipari, li-pa'ri or lip'a-ri (It.) isl. London, lun'd'n (Eng.) Luetry, lii-tri' (Switz) Lipetsk, li'petsk (K,) Londonderry, lun'don-der'ry (Ir.) Luetten, lui'teu (Ger.) Lipovacz, li-po-vats' (Anstr.) Longarome, lon-ga-ro'me (lU) Luetterberg, lut'ter-berg (Ccr) Lipowica, li-po-vi'ia (.\uslr.) Longchamps, Igng-shang' (Fr.) Luetzen, lut'tseu (Prus. Lippa, lip'pa (Austr) Longeau, long-go' (Fr.) Luezens, li'tsens (Switz ) 1 Lippe, lip'pe (Ger.) r. Longford, long'ford (Ir.) ca. Lugano, loo-ga'no (It.; Lippe Detmold, lip'pe det'moU (Ger.) Lippe Schaumburg, li^j'peslioum'boorg (Ger ) Longue, long (Fr) Lugano, loo-ga'no (It ) U Longueiros, lon-gi'ros (Pen.> Lugo, loo'g'o (Pen. It.) Lippsprng, lip-sproog (Ger ) I/injumeau, long-shu-mo' (Fr) Lugos, loo'gos (Auslr.) Lipistadt, Up'stat (feer.) Lonny lon-ni' (Fr ) Luines, lu-inc' (Fr.) Liri, li'ri (It.) r. Lous le Saulnier, long le s6-uie' (Fr.) Luiro, lu-i'ro (R.) Liria, li'rl-a (Pen.) Loochnsty, lo-ktu'ti\Xetb.) Luisiana, loo-i-si-a'na (Pen.) Lisbon, lis'bgn (Pen.) ; lis'bon (Eng ) Loon, 16-ong (Fr.) Lulea, lop'lV-o (Sc. Pen.) Lisca-biaiica, lis'ku-bi-an'ka (It.j Loosduizen, los-doi'zen (Xetb ) Lumbin." leuug-bang (Fr.) Liscia, li'sbi-a (It.) Lootenballe, loten-biil'le (Xeth.) Lumbreras, loom-bre'ras (Pen.) Lisieux, Fi-n-eu' (Fr) Lopadinskn, Id-pa-dins'ka (R ) Lumino, loo-mi'Do (Switi.) Lisko, lis'ko (Austr) Lopow, lo'po (Prns) Lund, lootid (Sc. Pen ) Liskor, )is'kcr (Austr ) Loppen, lop'pen isl. Lond'ieck, Ippnd'bek (Den.) Lissa, Us'sa'(Prus.) Lora del Kio Alcolea, lo'ra del n'o il-lo-le'a Lundbye, ipond'ba (DetL) Lissa, lis'ta (Ausir.) isl. (Pen ) Lunden, loon'den (Den.) Lisse, lis'se (Xetb.) Lorca. lor'ka (Pen.) Ltmdgaard/lpond'gord (Den.) litbuania, lith-u-a'ai-a Lorch, lorcb (Ger.) Luneburg. lu'ne-boorg (Ger.) Lnnel la ViUe. m-uel' la.nle (Fr.) Litin. n-iin''(R.) Lorenzaua, lo-rend-ia'na (Netb ) Litiz, lit'its (U. S.) Lorenzana, lo-ren-lta'na (Pen } Luuenburgh, lu'nen-bporg (Nova ScoUl) Littau, iil'tou (Switz. Lorenzo, lo-rend'zo (It.) t. Luneville, lAne-vile' (Fr.) Livensk, ii-vensk' (R) Loreto, io-re'to (It.) Lungern, Ioon"geru (Switz.) Livenza, li-vend'za (It.) r. Loretto, lo-ret'to (Mex.) Lungwitz, ioong'Tits (Ger.) Liverot, Gv-ro' (Fr.) Lorgues, lorg (Fr.) Lunteren, loon'tern (Netb.) Liverpool, liT'er-jool (Eng) Lorio, lo'n-o (It.) Lupata, Serra de, ser'ra de loo-pa'ta (Af ) Lironia, or LiMfind, li-vo'm-a (R.) /;. Lonol, 16-n-ol' (Fr.) Lupone, lop-po'ne (It.) mC. Livomo, or lAgbt^rn. li-vor'no (U ) Lorraine, lor-rane' (Fr.) Lupoto, loo-po'to (It.) mt. Ijus:in, 1\(1' (\ll') zan (^C. Pen.) r. Lossini, lOs-siui (It.) uU Lupow, IcHj'po (Prus ) Ljusmedal, hAs' (\fls') me-dal (Sc. Pen.) Lot, lo (Fr.) dfp. , ^ . J Lnpp, loop (.Prus.) r. Lbtndrtff, lan'-dar (Eng) Lot and Garonne, lo, ga-rone (tY.) (ttp- Luptow,' "ipop'to (frus.) Llanelly. lan-el'ly (Eng.) I>otliian. lo'tln-an (Scot.) Lurbe, Paso de, pa'so de lootlie (3. Am.) Llangadock, lan'ga-dok' (Eng) Lotier, lo-tie (Fr.) Lure, lire (Fr.) Llangower, lau-gou'er (Eng ) Lottuni, Igt'tppra (Neth.) Lu«cbiugeu, Ipo'sliing-en (Swiii.) Llanos, lia'jios (S. Am.) Louaille, loo-ai or loo-a^j' (Fr.) Lusignau, Ift-zi'n-; ang' (Fr ) Llanos de Cbac*), liii'nos de iba'ko (S. Ara ) Louch, lou'ch (R) Lusino, loo-si'no (Frus ) Llanos de Manso, lia'uos de mau'&o (S. Am.) Loudinska, lou-uins'ka (It) Lussac, IGs-sak' (Fr.) Llsorwst, lauVst (Kug ) Louga, lou'ga (R.) Lnterine, loo-te-ri'ne (It) Llanwrtid, lan'ar-lid (Eng.) Lougb Erne, locli'em (Ir.) Luthern. Ipoi'iem (Switz.) Llena Sacra, fie'na sak'ra O'cn ) Loagh Neagb, loch-ne' (Ir.) Lutisburg, loo'lis-boorg (Switz.) Llerena. lie-re'na (Pen.) Lougbborougb, lufbur-reb (Eng ) Lutke Gast, lili'ke gasi (Xeth.) Llinas, li-i'nas (I'en.) Lougbrea, loh-ra' (Ir.) Lnvino, loo-\i'no (It.) Llosa del Obispo, lio'sa del o-bis'po (Pen.) Louu, St. Ipo'is or lop'i (U. S.) Luxembourg, luk-sautr-boor' (Keth ) Lloutek, h-pptsk' (R.) Louisiana, loo-i-"-a"'a (U. S.j Ltixeuil, la-seliV or lii-seujj' (Fr.) Loanger, lo'aug-er (Sc. Pen ) Louja, loo'ja (.\ustr) r. Luzercbes, lil-zersh' (Kr.) Loangiri, Io*an-gi'ri 'Af ) Lounovsk, lou'uovsk (R) Ltuern, loo'lsern (Switz.) Loauio, 16-an'go (Af.) Loupiac, loo-pi-a.v' (Fr.) Ltuern, loo'lsern (Switt.i /. Lonno, lo-a'no (It.) Lourde.*, loord (Fr.) Luzerne, iu-zeru' (U. S.) Loarre, )o-ar're (Fen ) Louristan, Tou-ris'tan (Per.) Luzon, lop-tlione' (Pen.) lobau, lO'bou (Ger.) Louroux, le, Ic loo-roo' (Fr ) Luzy, lil-zV (Fr ) Fr. si ort biit ; Fr. long eil, sbcrt eTi, as in spur; 1 Final \y, Fr. 1 mouill^; An''ger, Vi"ciou9i gas sin p 480 leasure; g, 6b guttural; ny liquid; thasinpitb. 1 PKONUNGIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Ly, li CNcth.) r. Maine, niaiie Jr.) Manilla, mii-nil'ya (Basr. isi.j Lvakaiira, lu-ii koo'ra (Gr.j mt. Maine and Loire, mane, Iwar (Fr ) dep. Mannedorf, nian'ne-dorf (Switz.) Lyft, ittfl, (Ucu.)" Maine and Tauber, mine, tou'ber (Ger.) Mannersdorf, maa'ner's-dorf (Austr ) Lyguru Kloster, Ift'soom Vlu'ster (Deii.) Maine, Lower, mine (Ger.) Mannu, miin-noo' (Ii.) c. Lykodima, lu-ko di'ma (Gr.) mt. Maine Rotlier, mine ro'ter (Ger.) i'. Manneq'ie, nia-ii6sk' (Fr.) Lymanow, li'mii-no (-noof) (Auslr.) Maine Wi-iss, mine vis (Ger.) r. Mans, li, le Tniiiig' (Fr.) L}-nilmra, lim-lKi'ra (It) mt. Mainbardt, miue'niirt (Ger.) Mausfeld, mans'lelt (Prua.) LyudeUee, lun'tlcl-ze (Den.) Maisou, Keuve. nelive ma-Kfrng' CFr.) Mansilla, mau-sil'va (Pen.) Lyngaas, luii'yos (I)eii.) Majadas. las, las ma-^lia'daa (Pen.) Mansnura, niaii-sdu'ra (F,g.) Lyngbye, lu.n_L;'l»u (l>cii.) Majesa, nia-i-ye'za (It.) c. Mantelo, mitn'te-lo (Gr.) c. Lyngdal, lutm'diU (Sc. l*eu.) Majorca, ma-chor'ka (Pen.) tsl. Mautern, m.^ii'iem (Austr.) Lyoe, IG'eii (Den.) isl. Lyon, li-onii' (Fr.) Makarev. ma-ka'rev (R.) Mantes, man^'t (Fr.) Makariev, ma-ka'ri ev (R.) Maiitinea, maii-ti-ne'a (Gr.) Lyonnois. lion-nwa' (Fr.) Makarovo, ma-ka-ro'vo (11.) Manlry, mang-tr'i' (Fr.) Lyons, li-ong' (Fr.) t/. Makasanaa Plams, nia-ka-sii'niis (Af.) Mantsala, mant-sa'la (R.) Lyse Fjord, liiise liOrd (Sc. Tcu.) Makkinger, mak'kiu:.;-er (Netli.) Mantut, nian'top-a (It.) Lyss. lis (Snitz.) Makkum, niiik'kooui (Neth.) Manzanal, manltha-nal' (Pen ) Lystrup, lil'stroop (Dcii.) Make, mii'ko (Austr.) Makri, nia'kri (Tur.) y. Malabar, nia-la-bar' (Ind.) ; mal'a-bar (ICng ) Manzanares, man'tha-na'res ( Pen.) Manzinilla, uian-tba-nil'ya (Pen) Maon. Wilderness of nia'ou (I'al.) M. Malaczka, ma lata' (-lacb') ka (Austr.) Mapimi ma-|ii'mi (Mev ) Maladeta, inii-la-d^'ta (Pen.) mt. Mapimi, Bolson de, niii-pi'mi (Mex.) Maladetta, or Maudit, mii-la-del'ta, mo-di' Maqueda, mii-ke'da (Pen) Maarf.n, mTiVen (Nctli.) (Fr.) 7kt. Mar, mar (Pen ) c. Miiaruni, nio'rooin (Den.) Malaga, mii-'lii-ga (Pen); nial'u-ga (i'.ng.) Marabooty Wells, mii-ra-boo'ty (Af) Ma'iseyek, niii'zi-ek (Nctli.) Malagon, ma'la-gon (Pen.) Maracaibo, nia-ia-ka--i'bo (S. Am.) Maaslniid, mas'ltiiit (Nttli.) Malaia Zendia, mii-la'ia zeiu'li-a (R.) Maracaibo, or Venezuela, mii-Wi-ka-.'bo, ve- Maasoe, iiios'cu (Sc. Pen.) isl. Malans, ma-lang' (Switz ) ne-thpo-e'la (S. Am.) g. Macao, nia-ka'o (Iiid.) Malaren, ma'lii-ren (Sc. Pen.) t. Maraiicbofi," ma-ran'cbon (Pen) Macciirese, niiik-kii-re'ze (It.) Malaliera, mii-la-ti-e'ra (Pen.) Maranbam, mii-raii-yjini' (Brax.) Macedonia, mas-e-do'ni-a Malax, ma'lax (K.) Marano, ma-ia'no (ft.) Macliede, nia-chc'de (Pen.) Malay, ma'lay (East. Isl.) pen. Marans, ma-ran-.;' (Fr ) Mai-hiaa, niatcli-i'aa (U. S.) Malazzo, nm-liifzo (It.) Marargiu, uni-rar-jou' (It.) c. Macliicliaco, nia-ulii-chii'ko (Pen) Malborget, maUbor'get (Austr. r Marasca, ma-ias'ka (Austr.) Maclinovak, niaiili-no'viik ([{,,) Maldeglien. mali-e's;en (Netb.) Marass, ma-riiss' (Fast. Isl.) Mackinaw, once Micliilmiackiaac, mack'i- Maiden, luiirden (Nclb ) Maratea, mii-ra-te'a (It.) uaw (U. S.) Maldive, mal'dive (Ind j isl. Maratlion, ma'ra-llion (Gr.) Maclean, nmk-buie' (U. S ) Maldivenire, mal-di-ven'lre (It.) isl Marbach, mar'lja^h (Ger. Switz.) Macomb, ma-koym' (U. S.) Male, or Maldivas, ma'le or mal-di'viis (Ind.) Marbella, mar-hePya (Pen.) Marburg, mar'bpprg (Ger. Auslr ) Mucon, ma-song' (Fr.) isl. Macon, nia'kon (U. S.) Malesco. nia-les'ko (Switz.) ;■. March, or Morava, miir6li,mo-ra'va (Austr.) r. Macutera, ma-ko-te'ra (Pen.) Malesherbes, nuile-zerbe' (Fr.) Marcbe, niavsb (Fr.) Macnupin, ma-koo'|)in (U. S.j Maletruit, mal-e-tiwa' (Fr.) Marcbena, mar-clie'na (Pen.) Miicplierson, mak-fei'son (Australia) nil- Malevo, ma-k'\o (Cr.) mt. Marciano, miir-clia'no (It.) tnt. -Macquarie, niak-kpo-a-ri'e (Australia) Malgueuac, malg-uak' (Fr.) Marcillac, mar-si-iak or mar-si l-yiik' (Fr) Mada^^Hscur, ma-da-giis'kar (Af.) isl. Mallian, nial'lian i\».) ml. Marcccbia, ma-rek'kj-a (R. It.) Miidnllena, ma-dal-le'ua (It.) isl. Malichcva, mji-li-clie'va (R.) Marengo, ma-ren'go (It ) Madaras, ma-da'riis (Austr ) Malijay, md-li-ga (Fr.) Marennes, ma-rfine' (Fr.) Mudawasca, niad-a-\va.s'kH (U, S.) MalUla, mii-lil'ia (Sc. Fen.) Mareuil, ma-re-i or ma-ely' (Fr,) Maddalena, niiid-da-le'na (U.) Malines, or Mechlin, ma-linc', me6li-liii' Margarita, miir-gii-ri'ta (S. Am.) isl. Madeira, nia-di'ra (Ar.) i^/. i ma-da'ra or niR- (Netb.) Margitta, raar-jii'ta (Austr.) dec'ra (Kng.) Malitsk, mii'litsk (R.) Mar^oUes, mar-gol'les (Pen.) Mana, nia-ii'a (Pen ) Madrano, niii-dra'oo (Swilz.) Mallona, la, la mal-yo'na (Pen.) 1 Madras, mii'driis (Ind.); (na-dia^' (E"g ) Malmaison, mal-ma-zong' (Netli ) Maria, nia-ri'a (Netb )ft. 1 Mailre de Dios, nia'dre dc di'os (S. Aai ) isl. Malnikopmg, malm'clieu-j>iug (Neth.) Maria Kis. mJi-ii'a kis (Au>tr.) 1 Madrid, ma-drid' or mailrid (Pin.) Malmoe, mal'meu (Sc. Pen ) Maria, Sa, san'ta ma-ri'a (It.) isl. ' Madridejos, niii-dri-de'ihus (Pen.) Malmyscb, mal'mfi^b (R ) Maria, Sta, san'ta mii^ri'a (Pen.) [ Madrigal, nia-dri-gal' (Pen) Malo, nia'lo(lt.) Manager, ma-ri-a'ger (Den ) [ Madrigatejo. ma-dri-ga-le'^ho (Pen.) Maloarcbangelsk. ma'lo-ar-^han'gelsk (P*) Mariager l^ord, ma-ri-a'ger fiord (Den.) Madris, nta'diis (Pen. Switz.) Malojaroslavets, iiia'lo-jii-ios-la'veta (H) Mariana, nia-ri-a'na (Pen.) Mailris, nid'dtis (Switz.) r. Malpica, mal-pi'ka (It ) Marianne, nia-ri-an'nc- (As.) i^I Madroiiero, ma-dro-ne'ro (Pen.) Mais, mals (Sc. Fen.) r. Marie Galante, nia-n' ga-Iangt' (W. Ind.) isl. Midma, ma du'ia or ma.il'u-ra (Ind) MaUtead, nial'sted (Den.) Marieboe, ma-ri'e-bO (Den ) M.idura, nia-ilu'ra or m.td'u-ra (Austral.) isl. Malstrom. mal'strelim (Sc. Pen.) Mariefred, nia-ri'e-frfid (D.?ii ) Madura, ma-dy'ra ormad'n-ra (tiast. hi.; sf- Malta, mal'ta (It. Af.) Marieholni, ma-ri'e-bQl'" (Den.) Maebren, or Moravia, marcu (Austr.) Malters, miil'lers (Switz.) Mariemalene, ma ri'e-ma-le'ne (Den ) .M.iella, niii-el'ya (Pen.) Malvaglia, niiil-varya (Switz,) Marieulmrg, ma-rien-bporg (Prus. R. Ger.) Mielstroeni, niaislrciim (Sc. Feu } Malwa, ma'lwa (Ind.) Mariensee, ma-n'en-ze (Prus,) Maesniel. nias'nile (Netli ) Mamadjsch. nia-mii'digh (R.) Marienwerder, ma-ri'en-ver'der (Prus.) Maestre, Ares dil, a'res del ma-es'ue (Pen.) Maniai, ma'mai (R.) Mariestad, mii-ri'e-stad (Sc. Pen.) .M;iestriclit, ums'lriilit (Netli ) Mamaroueck, ma-miii'o-neck (V. S.) Marietta, ma-n-et'ta (U. S) Magadrno, niii-ga-uino (Srtiti.) Maniarosa, ma-ma-ro'sa (Pen,) Marinha, ma-rin'ya (Pen,) Magas, mii'gas (Pen ) Maniern, ma-'mern (Switz.) Marino, mii-ri'no (It.) Miigazeno, ma-ga-dze'no (It.) Mamers, mii-mei' (Fr.) Maritime Aljis, ma-ri-tii'me (It.) Magdaleria, ma-L'-da-lVna (Pen.; Mamore, nia-mo're (S. Am ) I. Maritime, ma-ri-ti'mo (It.) .M>igdeburg, niiig'de-ljoorg (Prua.) Manacor nui-na-kor' (Pen.) Marken, mar'ken (Netb.) isl. Magellan, lua-fliel-yan' (S. Am.) st. .Manati, ma-i:a'Li (Mex.) Markova, mar-ko'va (R.) Mageltvin;;, mii'gel-twing (Den.) Manayunk, man-a-yiiuk' (U. S.) Markowiec, mJir-ko v'i-ets (Pius.) -Maggia, mad'ga (Snitz.) Manclia, nian'cba (Psn.) Markt, markt (Switz) M;iggiore, maa-^'o're (It.) t. Mancba Real, mau'eha (Pen.) Marktbreit, niarkt'brite (Ger.) Magli'ino, nial'ya-no (It.) Mauclie, mansjsh (Fr.) dep. Marl6, mar-le' (Fr.) .Magnac, nian->ak' (Fr.) Mancliester, nian'chea-ter (W. Ind j Marluw, mar'lo (Ger) Magnisi, ni^m-ji'ii (It.) Mandas, mau'das (It.) Marly, mar-li' (^witz ) Magnor, niaog'nor (Sc. Pen "t Mauderscheid, man'der-sbit (Ger.) Marm^iide, nir.r-mangd (Fr.) Magiiy, maii-\i' (Fr.) Mandingo, nian-din'go (Af ) Marmeut^ida, Reira, uiii.r-men-ta*da (Pen.) Magoras, niii^go'ras (It-) r. Mandoe, miiu'deu (Den I isl. Marmirolo, miir-mi-ro'lo (It.) Ma^ra, nia'gra (It.) r. Maudri;;ale,jo. man-dri-ga-le'clio (Pen ) Marmora, mar-mo'ra (Tur.) isl. Ma^ro, nia'gro (Pen.) Maneroo, ma'nR-rpo (Aur^tralia) Marmora, Sea of. mar-mo'ra (Tur.) .Malilburg, iiial'boorg (Pru'*.) Manfredonut, niiin-ire-do'iii-a (It.) Marnay, mar-iia' (Fr.) Mahon, ma'ou (l*eu.)j nia-lionu' or ma-onu' Mantrici, man-ln'cln (Ic.) Marne, niiir'ne (Den.) (Fng.) Mangderai, mang'de-ia-i (East. Isl.) st Marne, mam (Kr,) r. .Mahoning, nia-!i6'niiig (U. S.) Mangeroe, mang'er-eti (Sc. Pen ) Marne, niiirn (Fr.) dfp. Maliora. niii-O'ra (Pen.) Manliassett, nian-has'sett (U. S.) Marne, Upper, niarn (Fr.) dep. Mabratta, niali-rat'ta (Ind.) Manhattan, man-hai'lan (U. S.) Maro. ma'ro (It.) mt. Mahrenlmrg, ma'ieD-boorg (Austr.) ManUeira, nian'liime (Ger.) Marocco, ma-rnk'ko (Af) .Mailleray, ma-ie-ra' or uial-ve-ra' (Fr.) Maniago, nm-ui-a'^o (It) Maroggio, niii-riJdjo (It.) Mailly, nia-i-yi or mal-y'i' (Fr.) Maniciiina, nm-m-6hi'na (R.) Maromono, mii-ro mo'no (It.) Maina, mi'na (R ) Maniesa, ma-ni-e'aa (Pen ) Maros, ma'roa (Austr.) Mainburnlieim, niiue-ljooni'liime (Ger.) MauUba, ma-ud'ya (Pen.) Marostica, mii-ros'li-ka (It.) Fate, far, fall, uliat, bat. MtLe, prey, l.elp. tbC re, her, Pine, tnanne, blid, fig; Note, dove, move, w 481 " plf, book, lord; Time, bull, unite, Fr. long vile; . ■ 1 PROKTJNCIATIOi^ OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Ma^o^alto, ma-rod-zal'lo (Aiistr.) Mazappn, ma-thap' (-zap') psi (Af.) Menzelinsk, men-ze-liu=k' (R.) Meppe!. mep'pel (Netb.) ^ MHrquardsteiii, niar'quarl-sliue (Ger.) Maiquesas, niar-ka'sas Mazatlin, ma-that* {-sat') liu (Mex ) Mazzara, mat-sa'ra (It.) Meppeo, mep'pen (Ger.) Miirqiiion, mar-ki-Oii^' (Fr.) Meatb, East, meeth (Ir.) CO. Mequiuenza. nie-ki-neu'tba (Pen.) Slarquise, mar-ku' (Kr.) Meatb, West, meetU (U.) eo. Mer, mer (Fr.) Marsa, la, mar'sa (It.) Meaux, mo (Fr.) Mer de Glace, mer de glass (Switz.) Meran, me'niu (Austr.) Marsa Scala, mar'sa skal;i (It.) Mecca, mek'ka (Per.) Mar^a Scirocco. mar'sa shi-ruk'ko (It.) Media, me'cba (IL) Mercalo, mer-ka'lo (It) Marsala, miir-sa'la (It.) Mecliliii. or Maliues, meJii-lTn' (Austr ^ Mercel del Oro, mer-tbel' (-seH del o'ro Marschina, niar-ski'na (Austr.) Mecklenburg Schwerin, mek'len-boorg sliwe- (Mex.) Marseille, niar-se-i' or miir-scl/ (Fr); mar- riu' (Ger.) Merciiault, mer-sbo' (Netb.) Mercoeur, mer-keur' (Fr.) sales' (Erig) Mecklenburg Strclitz, mek'leu-boorg slre'- Marsico Kuovo. inar'sT-ko noo-6'vo (It ) lils (Ger.) Mercopaly, mer'ko-paly (Austr) Mereda. me-re'da (Fen.) Mar$lctten, niar'stet-leii (S«itz.) Medak, me'dak (Austr.) Marstraod, mar'strand (Sc. Pcu.) «/, Medas, me'diis (Pen.) isl. Merekbem, me'rek-bem (Netb ) Merey, me-ra' (Fr ) Merida, me-n'da (Fen.) Marta, mar'ta (It ) r. Medeublik, me'den-blik (Xetli ) Marteiidyk, mar'ieiiHlik (Nelb) Medtjord, med'fiord (Sc. Feu.) Martigao, mar-li-gii'o (Pen.) Medgyes, meJ'dges (Austr ) Merille, me-nl'ye (Pen.) * Martignc, luar-tiuy' (Fr ) Mediano, me-di-a'no (Feu.) Merionctbs'bire.' inerl-o-uetb-sbire (Eng ) Merisbausen, n)e-ri5-Iiou'zen (Swiiz.) Meruientau. mer-nieu-io' (U. S.) Meroe, me'ro (Af.) Marti^uy. mar-iiii-Ti' (Switz.) Medina, me^i'na (Pen ) Martinique, raar-uii-ib' (\V. Ind.) Medina, me-di'ua or me-di'na (Ar ) Martuilougo, raar-tiii-lou'go (Fen.) Medina de llio Seco, me-di'na de ri'o se'ko Martinov, mar-ti'nov (It.) (Pen.) Merrimack, mer'ri-mak (U. S.) Martiiisbruck, mar'tins-linlk (Switz.) Medina Sidonia, me-di'o» si-do'ni-a (Pen.) Mersburg, uiers'boorg (Prus.) Merscbe, mers'ke (Netb.) Marlon, niar'tgii (Austr.) Medinilla, rae-di-nirya (Pen.) Marios, miir'tos (Feu.) Meduerraneau, med-i-ter-ra'ne-an sea. Mertola, mer'to la (Feu.) Martros, mar'tros (Fr.) Medveditsa, med-ve-dit'su (R ) r. Mem. me-rii' Manim, ma'room (Ketli.) Mcdves Brock, med'ves brok (Austr.) Mesoalii, nies-ka'Ia (Mex.) Mar^ao, mar-va'o (Pen.) Medviedova, med-rie-do'va (R.) Meseritsen, mc'ze-rii'zen (AusU.) Marvejuis, marv-jwa' (Fr.) Marwar, nijir'war (Ind ) Medvnsk, me'dvusk (R.) Mesbcd, mesh'ed (Per.) Meerie, mer'le (Neth.) Messenia, nies-se'ui-a (Gr.) Messina, mes-si'ua (It) Marza el Furno. utar'dza el ftir'no (It.) Meersburg, mers'boorg (Ger.) Mecrseu, mer'sen (Xetli.) Masaccio, mii zatU;lio (It.) Messina, mes-si'na (It) */. Masalovka, ma-sa-lov'Ica (R.) Mees, les, le me {Vr.) Messines, mes-sine' (Xeth.) Mascali, mas-ka'ii (It.) Megautic, me-gan'tik (Can.) Messingeweer, mes'sins-e-velu' (Nelb.) MestchoTsk, mesi'cbovsk (R") Mascliwaiiden, masU'viin-deu (Switz) Megantic, nie-gaa'iik (Can ) h Mascouta, nias-kpr.'t;i (U. S.) Mejiara, me-ga'ra (Gr.) Mesterbaza, nies'ter-ha-sa (Auslr.) Meteren, me'te-ren (>'eth.) Maslay le Roy. mas-la le ivra (Fr.) Meggelem, meg'ge-lem (Netb.) MasoDe, ma-so'ue (It.) r. Massa, nias'sa (It.) Meggen, mej:'gen (Switz.) Metijab, Fiaiu uf, me-ti'jab (.Vf.) Megra Ferba, me'sird ter'ba (It > Metsu, mel'su (R) Massafra, mas-sa'fra (It) MeUadia, me-lia'di-a (Austr) Mettau, mel'tou (S-wtz) Massiiy, mas-sa' (Fr.) Mebedia, or Africa, nie-be'di-a Meurthe, nieurt (Fr.) drp. Masserano, nia^-se-ra'no (It ) MeUisack, mel'zak (Prus.) Menrthe, meurt (Fr.) r. Maj^scre, uiiis-sfire' (Fr.) Mehun, me-h^'ung' (Jr.) Meuse, meiize (Fr.) dep. Meuse, metize (Fr.) r. Massuccio, luus-soot'cliu (Switz ) mt. Meieuburg, mi'eu-boorg (Frus ) Masta, mas'ia (R.')>. Meieusdorf, mi'cns-dorl (I>eii.) Mewar, me-war' (Ind) Masulipataui. mas-soo-Ii-pa-tam' (Iliiul) Meillan, me-wug' or niel-yaug' (Fr) &lexico, mcx'i-ko; Sp., meb'clii-ko Mexico, niexl-ku (Me.x.) S. or g. Mexilles, mek-sile (Fr.) Meyd, mite (Netb.) Matagalpa, ma-ta-gal'pa (Mex ) Meiningen, mi niiig-eu (Ger) Matamoras, ma-ta-mo'ras (.Me.v.) Meissau, mis' sou (Auslr ) Matamila Keef. ma-ia-Ml'va (W. Ind.) Meissen, mis'seu (Ger) Mataiizas, ma-tan'tlias (-sas) (W. Ind ) Mejares, rae-ciiii'ress (Feii.) r. Mevenfeld, mi'eu-felt (Switz.) Matapan, mat-a-pan' (Gr) Mataporgiieia, ma-ta-por*gc-ra (Pen.) Mekka, mek'ka (As ) Meykircb, n.i-kircb (Swiir.) MeiaiJa, me-la'da (Austr.) isl. Meze, maze (Fr.) Mataro, ma-ta'ro (Feu.) Melauo. me-la'no (Switz ) Meziere, le, le me-zi-6re' (Fr.) Matauro, ma-tou'ro (R. It.) Melliourne, mel-bournc' Mezo Telead, me'so te'le-ad (Aus(r.) Malhuia, mat'oo-ra (Hind.) Mati;igua, uia-ii-a'goo-a (Mex.) /. Matina, ma-ti'na (Mex ) r. Meleucze, me-leo'clie (Austr.) Mezo Tur, me'so toor (Austr.) Meienki, nie-len'ki (R.) Mezquda, meib'ki-la (Fen.) Melentevska, me-leu-tev'ska (R ) Miaco, mi-a'ko (Jap ) Matotontas, ma-io-'ou'tas (Af ) Melfa, me;'fa (It.) Mi^adas, mi-a-clia'das (Pen ) Matt, matt (Switz.) Melgiigo, met-gago (Pen ) Mialmatlan, nn-al-mat'iau (Mex) Matia, mal'ta (Australia) mt. Melgar, mcl-gar* (Fen.) Miami, mi-aml Maitamiscoiitis, niat-tu-nii&-kon'ti-« (U. S.) Meiice, me-fiss' (Switz) Micabba, mi-kal.'ba (It.) Mattaii, mat'tan (East. IsL) Meliiles, me-ii'des (Pen.) Uichalevsk, nii-Cliii-levsk' (R.) Maitapoiseit, mat-ta-poi'set (U. S.) Meiaia. me-iii'la (lu) Micbigau, misb-i-gan' or miicln-gan (U. ?=.) Mattaponv, mat-tap'o-nv {U. S.) Mebssa, me-iis'sa (It ) .Micboacau, mi-cho-a-kan' (&Iex.) Matteawau, mat-le-wau' (U. S ) Mebto, me-ato (It) Middclbeeis, mid'del-bebrs (Netb.) Manila, nmt'ti-la (R.) Mclla, mel'la (U) r. Middclburg, miii'del-boorg (Neth.) Matto Groiso, mal'to ^roi'so (Braz.) Melle, mel (Fr.) MidJIebury, n.id'ill-ber-ry (D. .S.) Mattola, mat'l6-la (AK) Melle. della, del'la mel'le (It) c. Miildlerode, mi'd-deUro'de (Nelb.) Maubert Fontaine, niu-lier* fong-tiiie' (Fr) Mellen. mei'len tS« itz ) Middlesex, mid'dl-sex (Eug. Ctm. W. lud.) Maubeuge, ui6-tjcTige (Fr) Mellendorf, mel'ieu-dorf (Ger.) Midland, niid'land (Can ) dist. Maubourguet. mtvboor-gii-e' (Fr.) Mellingen, mel'ling-eii (M\ilz.) Mielec. nu'lets (Auslr.) Maui, muu'i (S. Isl.) " Meiuik, mel'mk (Austr.) Mier. nvi'er (.Mex.) Maulbroun (-briaui), monl'brou {-broon) Meloe, we'leti (Sc. Fen.) isl. Miescisko, ntish-tsisli'ko (Prus.) (Ger.) Meloine, me-Uaue' (Fr.) isl. Migiiiarro, mid-giar'ro (U.) b. Maule, Uiou'le (S. Am.) Melora, me-lo'ra (It) u/. Slibaty, mi-batj (Austr.) Mauniee, mau-mee' (U. &) Melrose, mel-rose' (Scot) Mijas," nii'chas (Fen.) Maur, moiir (Snitz.) Melts, melts (Switz.) Mikanovcze, mi-ka^nov'cbe (Acstr.) Maurepas, mo'ie-pa (U. S ) Membrio, mem'bri-o (Pen.) Md, mil (Netb ) Mauriims, mau-iisli^-us (\V. Ind ) Membroles. la, la mang-biole' (Fr.) Milagro, mi-la'gro (Pen.) Maurizzio. mou-rit'si-o (Port, ll.) Memel, mfi'mel (Frus.) Milan, mi'lan or nii-Ian' (It) Mauro, niuuro (It.) mt. Mtmel, or Kiemvo, mfi'mel, nie'ruen (R) r. MUsno, mi-]a'no (It) Mauron, mo-rong' (Fr.) Memphis, Rums of, meniTiss ( Eg ) Milazzo, mi-lai'so (It.) Maurs, more (Fr.) Mempbrerna^og, niem-fre-mi'gwg (U. S.) Milburv, mii'bu-ry (U. S.) Mautli, raout tAustr) Menuggio, me-nad go (It) MiletH, mvte'ta (it) Mauves, move (Fr.) Menau. Great and tittle, nic-nan' (U. S.) Milfontes, Villanova de, vil-yii-no'va de mll- Mamesn, movc-sang' (Fr.) Mendavia, meu-da'ri-a (Fen.j lon'ies (Pen) May, ma (.Fr.) Meuduza, men-do'iba (S. Am.) MiiiciR, nii-h'cLa (It) May, ma (Scot.) isl. and Vgktlmise Mcuehould, nie-ne-boo' (Fr.) Militscb, mi'litsh (Prus.) Mayeutie, ma-ien' (Fr) dtp. Menet, me-ne' (Fr ) Millesimo, md-Ie'si-mo (It.) Maieni\e, ma-ien' r. Mend Grand, t;rang me-ml' (Netb.) Miltenberg, mii'teu-berg (Ger.) Mayn. or M.iiue, mine (mane) (Ger.) r. Menil, le, le me-uil' (Fr.) Mdtscliim, milt'sbini (Austr.) Maynooili, niay-nooth' (Ir.) Meiiilfglise, me-ni-le-glize' (Nefa.) .Milwaukie, m'd-wau'kie (U.S.) Mayo, mu'o (Ir.) co. Meuin, uie-nau^' (Netb ) Miua, mi'na (Af.) r Mayor, mii'v or (Austr.) Meujibar. meu'clii-bar (Pen.) Miuas, Post of, mVuas (R.) Mayor, nia'yor (Pen.) isl. Mennomouie, men-ngm'o-uee (U. S.) Minas Geraes, mi'nas (Braz.) Mayorga, ma-yor'ga (Pen.) Menouf, me'uouf (tg.) Mindel, uiin'del (Ger.) r. Muzanileran, ma-thau'de-ran (Per.) Menttno, men-t.a'no (It.) Miiideu, min'deu (Ger.) Mazapil, ma-iLa' (-a") j'ii ^Mex) Mentone, men-to'ne (li.) Minen-ioo, mi-ner-vi'uo (It.) -J Ir. short but ; Fr long eti, short en, as in spur J Final ly, Fr. 1 mouill^; An"gcr, \ i"cioas ; g as s in p 4S2 leasi're; g 6h guttural; uj bquid; lb as in pitb. PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRArHICAL NAJVIES. Minesota, min-e-sola (U.S.) Min^lHiiilla, min-glii-iiil'.va (Fen.) Mingrelia, miu-gre'li-a (R.) Minguhes. mang-u'Cre' (Fr.) isl. Mimeli, nn'ni-eh (Eg.) Minifies, mi-iii-i&re' (Kr.) Miiinetaree, niin-ne-t;ir'ree (U. S.) Minorca, lui-iiui'ka (Feu.) isl. Miiisli, rainsk (R.) Mmsk;i, niias'ka (R.) Minto, niui'to (N. Zeal.) Mir. yiir (R.) Mira, nn'ra (Peu.) Mirabella, na-ra-'^el'la (It.) Miranilieau, nn-niiig-bO' (Fr.) Miranda, m'i-rau'ilu (i'l-u.) Mirande. iin-ran[;de' (Fr.) Miranilella, mi-iaii-derya (Pen ) Miraiidola, mi-ran'do-Ia (It.) Miras del Catmiio, lui'ras del kii tui'uo (Pen,) Mirebeau, mire-bo' CFr.) Mirgorud, nVir'j;u-rod (K.) Miropobe. mi-rO'iJU-.ie (K.) MisH, iiii'za (It.) r. Misajiua. nii-zau'ya (It.) Misbawaku. inisb-a-w^'ka (U, ^.) Misocco, nii-zok'ko (Switz.) val. Missiones, m'is-sio'nea (S. Am.) Missisinewa, mis-sisVne«'-a (U. ^.) Missisque, mis-sis'que (U. S.) MississMguas, niiis-sis-sii'^oo-aa (Can.) Mississippi, luis-sis-sip'pi (U, S) Missolonglii, mis-so-loii'gi (Gr.) Missouri, niis-3oo'ri (U. S.) Missouri, niis-soo'ri (Mex.) val. Mistek, inis'tek (Austr.) Mistelbach, niis'iel-bafili (.■\ustr.) Mistepec, mis'te-pek (.\Kx.) Mitau, lui'tou (U ) Mttroviz, mi-tro'vis (Austr) MiUel Franken, yiit'tiil frauk'en (Ger) Mitteuwalde, uiit'len-viU'de (Prus.) Mittweyda, mit-vi'da (Ger.) Mjoeseu, niiyeti'sen (Sc. Peu.) I. Mlinsk, niliiisk (Prus.) Moab, Fiaiiis uf. nio'ab (Pal.) Moanalua, mu-ii-nii-loo'a (Saudw. lal.) Mobogbdinsk, mo'tiogb-dinak (II) Mocbkova. niocli-ko'va (K.) Muclio, nm'clio (S. Atn.) mi. Moclink, nio'cliOk (R ) Mockelby, nink'kel-bJi (Sc. Pcu.) MoiMrdo, uio-kOr'do (Mix ) Mcjdane, mo-dii'ne (It.) Modderweice, moU'der-^i-tse (Prn«. Mudleiia, nm-de'ua or inu-de'ua (It) Modern, mo'dern (.Austr.) Moedas, niO-e'das (Pen.) Moen, meun (Den.) ist. Mues, ruelis (Austr.) Moesa, meu'za (Switz ) r. Mogadore, n»ng-a-dure' (Af.) Mogbilev, luo'glii-lcv (R.) Mogilicza Post, ni6-ji-lis'aa (Tur.) Musiuer, inu-;:cr' (Pun.) Mohacz, mo'liass (Austr.) Mohawk, nio'lmwk (U. S,) Molili, niob'li (Switz.) Moifetta. mo-i-fet'ta (It.) Moiraiis, niwii-raii-;' (Fr.) Moisdon, mwa-doiii;' (Fr.) Moiselles, mwa-zfile' (Fi.) Moissac, mwa-siik' (It-) Moita, mij-i'la (Pen.) Mojaisk, nio'jaisk (R.) Mokau, mo'kou (N. Zual ) Mokcliansk. mok'chiinsk (R.) Mnkraiii, mO-kra'ni (K.) Mukuola, mo-koo-o'la (Saud<>v. Isl.) Mola, nio'ia (It ) Molatid, nio'laiid (Sc, Pen.) Molar, el, el nio-lar' (Fen.) Molara, nio-la'ra (It) isl. Muldau, mol'dou (Austi.) r. Moldavia, mol-davi-a (Tur ) Moldova, niol-do'va (Aualr.) Muleto, nio-lij'to (It.) t. Molevo, niO-Ie'vo (Gr ) mt. Molina, nio-h'na (Pen ) Mobne, u;o-lnie' (b'r.) isl. Moliterno, niO-li-ter'iio (It ) Molk molk (Austr.) Mulkvieieu, molk-vc'reu (Netli.) Mollerusa, ni61->-roo'.ia (Pen.) Molodetcbno, ni6-lo-deteli'no (R.) Midoga, nio lo'gH (U) Molokai, ui6-l6-ki' (Sandw. Isl.) Mulokini. mo-lu-ki'm (Sandw. Isl.) Molsee, mgl'ze (Dlu.) Molucca Passage, rao-look'ka (A-.) Mohvilz, mgUvits (Prus.) Molwolde, niol-Tol'de (Netli.) Molykut, mory'koot (Austr.) Mombuoy, mora-boo-oi' (Pen.) Monacbi, mo-nii'k'i (It.) 15/. Monacisso, ni6-na-clns'so (It.) Mouaco, nio-na'ko (It.) Monadnock, mo-nad'nock (U. S.) Mona'/liHti, nion'a-gan (Ir.) co. Mouast Douvanei, mo'nast dou-vii'nei (R ) Monasterzyska, mo-nas-ter-sis'ka (Auati.) Monastyricha, mO-nas-ty-ri'ilia (R.) Moiiiterte, niong-bert' (Fr.) Moncao, mon-ka'o (Pen.) Moncontour. niong-kOiig-toor' (Fr.) Moncorvo Toirede, muii-kor'vo tor-re'de (Pen.) Moncuq, mo'ig-kiik' (Fr.) Mondego, luOn-de'go (Pen.) c. Mondorif, mou'dorf (Xetli.) Moudovi, niou-do'vi (It.) Mondnigone. niou-dra-i;o'iie (It.) Mondsee, moutl'ze (Austr ) Moneva, uio-ne'va (Pen.) Monforte, nioii-for'te (Pfii ) Monfoite de Lemas, niou-for'te dc le'uias (Pen.) Monties. los, log ition'filiess (S. Aiu ) isl. MoniioUa, tnon-go'li-a (As.) Moniteau, nion-i-to' (U. S.) Monkowarsk, mon'lio-viirsk (Prus.) Monlong. nioug-long' (Fr.) Moiiraouthsliire, nion'rautb-sbire (Kiig ) Monnikeudam, raon'n'i-ken-daur (Ne li.) Monotigaliela, rao-non-Lia-lie'la (U. S.) -Monovar, mo-uo-var' (Pen.) Monreal, mon-re-al' (Pen.) Monreale, nion-re-a'te (It.) Monrejeau, mong-re-ahu' (Fr) Mons, nigns (Netli.) Monserrat, mon'ser-rat' (Pen.) Monsterfls, mon-ste-ros' (Sc. Pen.) Mont liillari, muni: In-ja-ri' or bil-yii-ri' (Fr ) Mont Blanc, mong bliin-i (Switz. and It.) Mont Cenis, mong sc-ni' (Fr.) Mont d'Aspe, niougdasp (Kr.) Mont Dauphin, nioug do-fang' (Fr.) Mont d'Or, mong doie (Fr.) Mont de ^I;irsan, mung de mar-sing' (Fi.) Mont D^sir, mong de-zir' (Fr.) Mout Genevre, mong ge-n6vr' (Fr ) Mont Louis, mong loo-i' (Fr.) Mont Marault, mong ma-ro' (Fr.) Mont Mezene, mong nie-76ne' (Fr.) Mont Perdu, mong per-dd' (Fr.) Mont Salvy, mong sa!-vi' (Fr.) Mont St. Michel, raong gan^ m'i-sbel' (Fr ) Moutagny, mou-tjin-yi' (Switz.) Montaigu, mong-ta-gi (Sc. Pen ) itl. Mosnocz, mosb'ngss (Austr.) Mosquito, nios-ki'to (U. S.) MosB, moss (Sc. Pen.) Mosselska, nigs'sei-ska (R.) Mosskircli, nigsa'kndli (Ger.) Mosteyro, mus-ti'ro (Pen.) Mosul, mo-sool' (Tur ) Motagua, mo-l;i';{Ooa (Mex.) r. Moting, nio'ting (Austr.) Motka, niut'ka (K) r. Motril, nio-tril' (Pen.) Motta, mot'ta (It.) Motte, la, la mote (Fr) Mutle Areliard, la, lii mule ar-sbiir' (Fr.) Motte Bcauvron. la, lii mute b6-vioug' (Ir.) Moltola. niot'to-la (It.) Mouki Kaksi, mou'ki kak-si (U.) Moulins, mog-lang' (Fr.) MouU, mool (Fr.) Mount Annan, aii'nau (Scot.) Mount Bellew, bel-Iew' (Tr.) Mount Eenger. ben'ger (Scot.) Moura, moo'ra (Pen.) Mourao, moo-ia'o (Fen.) Mourom, mou'rom (R.) Mouiscele, raoor'ze-le (Netli.) Moutier, uioo-li-^' (Switz.) Moutier, la/la mpo-ti-e' (Fr.) Moutiers, mop-ti-e' (Fr ) Mouzon, moo-zong' (Fr.) Moxacar, mo-iba'kar (Pen.) Moxsaco, mok-sii'ko (Feu.) Moya, mu'ya (Pea ) Muyamensing, moy-a-Tnen'sing (U. S ) Mozambique, mo-ziing-Vike' or uio tbiim- bi'ke (Af.) isl. Mozdek, niot'dek (R.) Mozyr, nio'zyr Mutlianiiel, mpocliii'mi-el 'Pen) Mueta, la, lii moo-c'la (Pen ) Mufaloti, moo-fa-lo'ti (It.) Muga, la, la mpo'ga (Fen.) Mugdiii, mgog'den (Switz.) Mugecn. mog-tiliem' (Pen.) Mugeres, nigo'ilie-iess (Mex ) isl. Muglitz, moog'lits (Austr ) Mulilburg, mfll'boorg (Ger.) Mnhldorf, milt'doVt (Ger.) Muhleri, mft'len (Switz) Mulil.-nbacb, nifi'len-biiib (Ausli) Mublhausen, niftt-liou'zcn (Prus.) Muhlstedt, ni(ll'stet (Ger) Muiden, moi'den (Ncih.) Muirkirk, moir'kuk (Neth) Mukrain, mft'knim (Per.) Mula, moo'la (Pen ) Muliicas," niul'li-kas (U. S.) Mulzen, uipgl'tscii (I'rus.) Manas, moo'nas (Feu) Muncliako'rf, nmndh-al'torf (Switz.) Munchberg, m&n^b'ber^' (Ger) Fate, iiir, fall, what, bat; Melt, pity, help, tUfire, her-. Pine, marine, bird, fig; Kflte, dove, move, u git, book, Igrd j 'lune, bull, unite; It. long \ ile 483 PROXUNCIATIOK OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Muuctiea, or Mimich, mftn'clieo (Ger.) Naolwyk. na-6lMke (Xetli.) Neresia, ne-re'zi-a (Austr ) MuQclieiieratz, muu'ilien-prits (Austr.) Napi, na'pi (Switz.) mt. Nerja, uer'cba (Pen ) Muuchiiiunsler, luuiicli-miln'sLer (Git.) N;ipier, ua'pier (Ansiraiia) mt. Nermo, ner'ni-o (Pen.) Mmichweiler, luuudi-^i'ler (Sttiiz.) Naples, or Napoli, na'p'ls, na'po-fi (It) Nerotides. ne-rougd' (Fr.) Muiidelstnip, nioon'Jei-stroop (Den) NaponoL-u, nap'o-nok (U. S.) Nertchinsk, ner'tcbinsk (As.) Mundo, niuu'do'(R > r. Napoule, na-ppol' (Fr.) g. Nesberg, nas'berg (Den.> Munira, nioo'uc-ra (Peu.) Narboune, nar-bone' (Fr.) Nescopeck, ne^-kO'pek (U. S.) Wuuich, or Muiicliea, niu'nil; (Ger) Nardo, iiar'do (It.) Ifesbaminy, nes-sliani'i-nv (U. S ) Mmuliscliweiler, moo'ui-Usli-vi'ier (Switz.) Narenta, ua-reii'la (.\ustr.) r. Neslianock, nes'sba-nok (L,'. S.) WuiisiugeiJ, rapon-zi'ng'eu (Switz.) Narkenby, nar'ken-b\i (Sc. Fen ) Kesslaa, ne<>'lou (Switz.) Muusier. Uiun'sier (Swiiz. and Ger) Narni, nar'm (It.) Nesteri, neVte-ri (R.) Munsterber^ nmu'ster-berg (Prus) Naro, na'ro (It.) r. Nesterova. nes-te-ro'va (IL) Muouio, niu-6'ni-o (R.) r Narol, narol (Austr) Nesvij. nesMj (R.) MuomoiiisVa, niii-6-ui-o iiis'ka (R) Narragauset, uar-i a-gan'set (U. S.) Nether Stowey, netb'er sio'y (Eng.) Muotta, nioo-ot'ta (Switz.) Narraguagns, nar-ra-gwagus (U. S.) Netherlands, neiti'er-lauds Murat, mil-fa' (Fr and Switz.) Narrenbach, nar'reu-bacb (Switz.) Neto, ne'to (It.) r 1 Muravera, moo-ra-ve'ra (It.) Narta, nar'va (R.) Netmno, nei-loo'no (It.) 1 Murca, moor'ka (Fen.) Nasbawu. uasti-awn' (U. S.) Netz, nets (Prus.) r. Murcia, moor'thi-a UVu.) Nasbua, nash'ooa (U. S.) Neuberg, noi'berg (Auslr ) Muret, nidre' (Fr.) NasbviUe. na^b'Vil (U. S.) Keucbatel, noi-sba-'.ci' or neti-sha-tel' Murg, nioor^ (Switz.) Murg, iiioprg (Ger.) r. Kaso, na'zo (It ) (Switz.) Nassau, nas'sou (.Ger.) Kcucuatel, noi-sha-tel' or neti-sba-tel' Mmi, mop'n (Switz.) Nassoge. uas-s5ge' (Neth.) (Switz.) ;. Marmansk, mur'maask (R) mt. Nastetten. na'stet-teu (Ger ) Nendorf, noi'dgrf (Switz.) Muro, moo'ro (It.) Nastvig. nast'rig (Sc Pen.) Nenenburg, noi'en-boorg (Prus ) Muroutaee', nm-ront'sce (Af.) Ndtawasauga, nat-a-wa-sau'ga (U. S.) Neuf Biisacb, He'll bri-iak' (Fr.) Murten. moor'leii (Switz.) Katcbang, natcb'aug (U. S ) Neufcbftteau, neTi-sha-i6' (Fr. andKetli ) Murtbalen, moor'la-len (Sintz) Natcbitocbei, uatcb-i-iotcb'es (U. S ) Neu'cbilel, neu-sha-lel' (Fr.) Murviedro, moor-^i-e'dro (Feu.) Naters, na'ters (Switz.) Nengedeyn, Doi'ge-diue' (Aosir.) Muscat, nms-cat' (Ar.) Nattavare, nat-ta-va're (Sc. Pen.) Neubaus, noi'bous (Ausir) Muscliaken, nioo'sha-ke:i (Fras.) Nanders, nou'ders (Auslr.j Neuliausen, noi'Iiou'zen (Switz.) Muschan, moo'siiou (Austr.) Naugarleii, nou-^ar'ieu (Prus.) Neoille Pierre, neii-i or oetilv pi-6re' (Fr.) Musciua, mpo-chi'na (Aus'r.) Naugatuck, nau'ga-tuck (U. S.) Nenkircli, uui'*iiich (Switz.) * Muscogee, nms-ku'jee (U. S.) Naumburg, noum'boorg (Prus.) Neumark, nji'inark (Prus ) Musingen, mpo'/ing-cn (Switz.) NaupUa, nou'pH-a (G'r.) g. Neomarkt, uoi'niarkt (Austr.) Moskau, iiioos'kou (Pni3.) Nauvoo, nau-vpo' (U. S.) Neusiedel, noi'si-del (Austr) Muskingum' "mus-king'um (U. S.) Nara, na'va (Pen.) Keusiedler, noi'zid-ler (Austr.) /. MussoD, nius-soug' (Netli.) Nava de Coca, na'va de ko'ka (Pen.) Neustadt, noi'st-it (Ger. Prus. and .\ii?tr ) AlusEumali. moos-soo-ma'fi (It.) Navacerado, na-va-the-ra'do (Pen.) Neustacdtel, noi'?ta-tei (Prus. and Auatr.) ' Muttera, moofte-ridt.) Navaherniosa, na'va-er-iuo'sa (Pen.) Kensiadiz, nui'sials (Austr.) i Muttersiadt, muot'ier-stat (Ger) Navaboa, ni-va-o'a (Mex.) Keutra, noi'tra (Austr.) | Miiy, ie. le niui (Fr.) Navailles, na-va-i' or na-viily' (Fr.) Kentra, noi'trn (Auitr.) r. Muzillac, nm-zi-vak or niii-zil-jak' (Fr.) Na\alacruz, na-\a'la-krooth' (Pen.) Neuvie. neu-vi' (Fr.) Mysore, my-sore' (Ind.) Navalcaruera, iia-val'kar-ne'ra (Pen.) Navalmanzano, ua-val'man-tha'uo (Pen.) NavaJpino, na-\al-p'i'iio (Pen.) NeuviUtf, neti-vite' (S^ritz.) Neuwedel, ii i'vS'tlel (Prus.) Neva, ne'va (R.) N. Navarino, iia-va-ii'oo (Gr.) Nevada, la Sierra, la si-erra ne-va'da (Pen.) Navarra, na-var'ra (Pen.) Nevel, ne'vel (R) Kavarr^ and B^jtu, iiu-var', be-ar' (Fr.) Nevers, ne-vere' (Fr.) Naab, nabe (Ger.) r- Navarreiu*, na-var-raug' (Fr.) Neville, ne-rile', ne-vil'ye or ue-^i-e' (Mex ) Kaardeii, nar'den (Neth.) Naras. na'vas (Pen.) Neiinna, ne-nn'na (R) Naas, iiare (Ir ) N.Hvasota, na-v^a-so'ta (Mex.) r. New Asselt, noi a/selt (Netb.) Nabaja. nii-b^icha (M«.l r. Navata, na-va'ta (Pen.) New Brunswick, ui brunz'ik (Can.) ^ablilus, or Nabulus, iiaii'lops C^yr > Navidad, Porte de. por'te de na-n-4ad' ^Mex.) New Echota, nu e-tcli6'ta (U. S.) Nacbcliivan, nadb-tclii'van (It.) NaviUe. ua-vile' (Switz.) New Fane, uu (aiie (U. S.) Naclies, ua chesse (R ) Navrnki, na-riu'lu (R.) New Granada, nu gra-na'da (5. Am ) NacliitclievHii. nacb-iicire-vau (B.) Navolok, na'vd-tok (R.) c New Mexico, uu mVclii-ko (.Mex ) NacLod, na'cliod (Austr.) Naiia, na'cui-a (Mex.) New Orleans, na or'ie auz (U. S.) Kaco^doulies, New and Old, na-kd^-du'tbess Nazareth, niz'a-retb (Neth.) New Paltz. uu paltr (U. S.) (Mm.) Nazaro, na-dza'ro (Switz) New Rocbcde. na ro-sUel' (U. S.) Nacori, iia-ko'n (Mex.) Neagb, Lough, locli na' (Ir.) New Sboal, nu shoal (Mex ) Nadaco, na-tia'ko (Mex.) N6int, ne-aiig' (ir.) Newberry, or Newbury, nii'lier-ry (U. S) Nadvi.itzka. uud-voitz'ka (R) Nebel, nfi bel (Pen.) Newcastle, uu't.as-s'1 (Eng.) Nafels, na'iVls (Switz.) Neberlingen. nfe ber-Iiiig'en (Ger.) Kewent, nu'em (Eng.) Xagausk, na-gausk' (11.) Nebo, nebo (Pal.) mt. Nexel, nek'sel (I'en.) ul. Nagera, tia'ciic-ra (Pea.) Necbes, netcb'ez (U. S.) Nexoe, neks'eu (Den.) Nagiiersk, na'gersk (R.) Neckar, nek'ar (Ger.) Ngateruauui, nga-te-ni-a-nu-i (N. Zeal.) Nagpoor, iiag-popr' (lud ) Neckar tlz, nek'ar elts (Ger.) Ni Karleby, uti kar'ie-bii (U.) Nagy Almas, nodj al'mus (.\ustr) Neckar, nek'ar r Niagara, m-a'ga-ra or ni-ig'a-ra (C^n ) Na^y Becskerk, nodj becb'kerk (Austr.) Neckar, Lower. Middle, and Upper, nek'ar Nianguin, ni-an-guin (East. Isl.) Nagy Karoly, nndj ka-roly' (Austr) (Ger.) Nicaragua, ni-ka-ra'gP9" (Mex.) Nagy K<»ro3* nodj koros (Austr.) Ned Tlioraas neJ tO'iiia* (Mex.) Nicaragua, m-ka-ra'gaoa (Mex.) /. Nagy Varad, or Gross Wardein, uojj va'rod Neder Brakel, ne'der bra'kel (Neth.) Nice, or Nizza, nisedtO (.^ustr.) Nceden, nfi'den (Neth.) Nicobar, nik-o-bar' (As.) Nagybanga. noty-bau'ga (.4nslr) Neer. nfere (Netb.) Nicolaas^a," m-k6-la>'ga (Netb.) Nabamonra, na-ba-moc'ra (As.) Neerace, ntlrc'o (Den.) Nicolet, ni ko-le' (Can.) Nabant, na-bant' (U.S.) Neften, nef ten (Swiiz.j Nicomedia, m-ko-mem-a (Tur) >ahr. Dare (Ger.) r. Negino, iie-gi'ao (R.) Nicoja, ni-ko'ya (Mex.) g. Nairn, narn (Scot.) Negres, les, le rigr' (Fr) Nider Kerscheu, in'der kers'keo (Netb.) Nailra*Titty, na-tra-vul'ty (Ind) Ne^rele, iie-gre'ie (Pen.) c. Nieder Itaiern, nider bi'crn (Ger.) Najac, nar'shak' (Fr.) Negrillo, ne^i^^iil'vo or ue-gri'yo (Mex ) Niedei^feid, ni'ders-felt (Ger.) Nakel, iiu'kel (Pru<.) Neidenbunr, ni d'eu-boorg (Prus.) Niederwald, ni'der-valt (Switz ) Nakskov, n;ik'skOve (Den ) Neisse. nis'se (Prus.)' Niederweiler, nider-\i'ier (SwiU) Nalda, nal'da (Pen.) Neisse, nis's^ (Prus | r. Niemen, nye'men (B.) r. Namagu-iland, Great, na-ma'goo-a-Iand (AD Neltingen, nel liug-eii (Ger.) Niemirow,'me-miro (-roof) (Auitr.) Namnquipa, iia-ma-ki'pa (Mcx.j Neniabaw, ne-ni«w'baw (U. S.) Nieuberg. m'en-berg (Oer.) Nambre. uim'bre (Mex.) Nemetbi, ne-me'li (Austr.) Nienhuic, m'en-hoik (Neth.) NHmisztu, na-mi&'tu (Austr) Ncmirov, ne'mi-ruv' (K.) Nieswile, nis-\ile (Netb.) Nauipoiit, naog-pono:' (Fr ) Nemiscau, ne-mis'kau (U, S.) Nieuport, noi'imrt (Neih.) N.*raur, iia-mdre' (Netb.) N6raours, ue-moor' (Fr.) Nieuwenifuni. niii've-uOm (Neth.) Nanadores. na-na-do'r^sse (Mex.) Ncnagb, ne-nii' (Ir) Nieuwers.uis, noi'ver-slois (Nelli.) Nauas, iia'nas (iustr 1 Nenioille, naug-foly* oriiaug-fo-i (Netb.) Nieuwpoorl, noi'port (Neth.) Nanawalc. na-iia-wa'ie (Sandw. lal ) Neon, ne-iing' (>witz.) Nieuwveld Bergen, noi'felt ber'gen (Af) Nangaeaki, naug-ga-sa'ki (Jap.) Neosbo, i.e'o-sbo (U. S.) Nievre, jn-^vt' (Fr.) dqt. Nankin, nan-kin' (Cb.) Ni:paul, ne-paul' (Ind.) Niger, or Qnorra ri'jer (Af.) Nannay, iian-na' (Fr.) Nepomuceuo, ne-po-moo-lhe" (-se') no v Mex ) Niibau. ni-i-hou' (^audw. Isl ) Nantes, uaiigt (Fr) Nepooset, ne-pon'set (U. S.) Nikolsburg. w'kois-boorg (Auslr.) Nantucket, nan-tuk'et (U. S) Nera, ne'ra (A^istr.) r. Nikobk. ni-kolsk (R.) ' Nao, de la, de la na'o (I'eu ) Nerac, ne-r^t' (Fr.) Kikopolis, m-kop'o-lis (Tur.) i Vr. short bQt Fr. long &% abort e'u, as in sjiur Faiallv, Fr.Imouillc; Atrger.vrciousi gassin p 4S4 leasure; g. Cj gutluralj ny liquid; Ih asiu pith. PRONUNCIATION" OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Nikoulino, ni-kou-li'iio (R.) Nile Biihruil, iiile biir-nil (E?) Nilgherry, nit'gLer-ry (Ind.) mt. Niuore, ih'-nore' (Netli.) Niokta, nj'ok'ta (R.) Nions, in-oiij^' (Fr.) Wiort, ni-ore' at (R.) r. Oignon, 6n-yong' (Fr.) r, Oise, waae or oase (Fr.) dep. Oise, wi»e or oiise (Fr.) r. Ojo Caliente, 6'dlio ka-li-ente (Mex ) Ojo de Agua, o'^lio de ii'gooa (Mex ) Ojns de la Yunta. 6'diio3 de lii ypnn'ta (Mex ) Ojos Orientiiles, o'ilios 6-ri-cu-tii'lesse (Mca.) Oka, 6'ka_(U.) r. Okhotsk, o-fliotsk' fAs ) Okkenbroek, ok'ken-brock (Netli) Olaa, 6-la'a (S. Isl ) Olalla, Sta, san'ta o-lal'ya (Pen.) Olant, 6'lant (Pen.) isl. Olarques, 6-liirk' (Fr.) OIHiansk, 61't('haiisk (R.) Oiclionen, 6l-6b6'uen (R.) Oldedyk, 61'de-dike (Ger,) Oldelioorn, 6rde-li6rne (Neth.) Oldelemmer, orde-ieni'iiier (Netli.) Olden, 6rden (Sc. Pen ) Oldenbroek, ol'deu-brok' (Nelh.) Oldenburg, ol'den-bporg (Ger. and Den.) Oldcnzaal, ol'den-zaic' (Netli.) Oldesloh, ol'desse-lo' (Pen.) Olento, 6-leii'to (It.) r. 016ron, o-le-rong' (Fr.) Ol6ron, 6-Ie-r6ng' (Fr.) til, Olclta, 0-leVta (It) Oletzko, 6-lets'ko (Prus.) Olginate, 6l-ji-na'te (It.) Oliana, 6-li-a'iia (Pen.) Oliena. 6-li-e'na (It.) Olimnju, 6-Ii-ni6'yoo (Sc. Pen.) I. Olittn, 6-lit'ta (R)" Oliva, o-Ii'va (Prus Pen ) Olivares, &-li-va'rejise (Pen.) Oliveuza, o-li-veu'tha (Pen.) Olivone, 6-li-v6'iie (Switz.) Olla, 6l'la (Switz.) Ollemlorf. ol-len-dorf (Ger) Olleria, 61-ye'ri-a (Pen.) OlmediHa, "ol-nu-ilirya (Pen.) Olniedo, 6l-mc'iIo (Pen.) Olineto, 6!-me'to (It.) Olmi, oi'nu (It.) Olinutz, ol'muts (Austr.) Olonetz, o'16-iietz' (K.) OlBcliar. ot-shar' (Auslr.) Olst, olst (Neth.) FiitCj fiir, fall, what, bat, Mete, prey, help, th6ie, her Pine, niaiine, b\rd, fig; Note, dQve, move, wolf, book, lord ; Tune, bull, unite; Fr. long vfte; 485' PROXUXCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL KA3IES. ' Olonetz, o'io-netz' (R.) Oripsa, 6-ris'sa (Pen.) Ou Zouer le Marcbc, 00 zoo-e' Ic niirsli (Fi ) Olschar, ol-shar' (Austr.) Oristaguo, 6-ris-tan'yo (It.) y. Ouacbita, ooa- (wa-) sliit'ta (U, S.) (Ust, olst"(Neth.> Oristano, o-ri's-ta'no (U.) Oucba, cn'ciia (R) Olstead. oVsltVl (Dcb.) Orizaba, o-rj-tba' (-sil') ba (.Mex-V Ouchamir, ou'cba-mir' (R.) Olstvkke, ol-stiik'ke tPen-l Orjiba, 6r-chi'ba (Pen.) Oocbta, oucli'ta (R.) r. Olualu, 6-loo-ii'loo (S. I^l ) Orkel, Or'kei (Sc. Pen.) p. Oude, ou'de (Ind.) Olula tiel Kio, O'ioo-la del ri'o {Vcn.) Orlamiuidc, or-Ia-moonde (Ger) Oude Xlardum, c.u'de niar'doom (Neth.) Olvera, ol-ve'ra {Ven) Orlando, or-! an do (It.) c. Oudega, ou-de'gu (X~etb.) Olympus, 6-lini'pus (Fcr. Tur.) mt. Orl6ana. 6r-le-a'na (Can.) isK Ouifelioltwoude. ou'de-hoU'vou'de (Nctb.) Omaliaw, om'a-lian- (U. S.) Orlfianuois, 6r-!e-an-nwa' (Fr.) Oudenarde. ou'de-naf'de"(Nelb.)" Oman, 6-man (As.) Orleans. or-Ie'ang' (Fr.) Oudenburg. oudeii-boorg (Neth.) Onianas, o-ma'niis (Fen.) Orl'ff, or'lof (Prus.) OudenhuscJi, ou'deo-boosk' (Netb.) 1 Ombria, om'bri-a (It.) Orlov. 6r'lov(R.) Oudenborst, ou'dcn-borst (JJelh.) Ombrone, om-hro'ne (It.) r. Ornisjoe. orm'abe^ (Sc. Pen.) Ouderkerk, ou'der-kerk' (Neih.) Omeano, 6-me'a-no (It.) Ormus. (-mu7) or'muz (Per.) Oudewater. ou'de-va'ter (Ketb.) ' Omessa, 6-mes'sa (It) Ornaso, or-na'zo (It.) Oudon, oo-dong' (Switz.) Ometeque, 5-mo-te'ke (Mcx) Ome, orne (Fr.) dep. Oura. oufa (R.) ' Ommen, oni'men (Xetli.) Orne, orne (Fr.) r. " Oufa. ou'fa (R ) r. ' Omoa, 6-nio'a (Mex.) Oro Bernina, o'ro ber-ni'na (Switz.) ml. Ouglitcb, ou'glitcli (R.) ; Onioe, ora'eti (Den.) 15/. Oronoco, 6-ron-o'ko (S. Am ) Ougor, ou'gor (R.) Onionville, o-mong-nlt;' (Fr.) Orontes, (>-rgn'tez (Syr.) Ouinson, oo-ang-soug' (Fr.) Ompompanoosuc, oni-pom-pa-noo'sui Oroomiali, or Urmiab, oo-roo'nu-ab (Per) Ouisconsin," oois- (wis-) kon'sin (U S.) Ouiibas, o-na'bas (Mcx.) Oropesa, 6-r6-pe'sa (Pen.) Ouj. ouj (R.) r. Ondarroa, on-iiar-ro'a (Pen ) Orosliaza, o-ros-ba'sa (Auslr.) Oulcby le Cbalel, oot-sLi' le sba-lel' (Fi.) 1 Ondara, on-dii'va (Austr.) r. Oroszi, o-ros's'i (Austr ) Oulino, ou-fi'no (Ji.) Oue^ 6-ne'ga (R.) Orsay, 6r-5a' (Fr ) Oulnie, oome (Fr.) One^a, 6-ueVa (R.) /;. Orsi^res, or-H-fre' (Switz.) Our, oor't'Xeth.) r. Onesa, o-ne'^a (R.) K and r. Orsk, orsk, (R.) Ourat or Ural, ou' (00') ral (R.) mt. Oneglia, o-nel'va (It.) Orsova, or-s6'Ta (.Austr.) Ouralsk, ou'ralsk (B.) Oneida, o-ni'da (U. S.) Orsova, 6r-s6'va (It.) mt. Otirdabad, our-da-bad' (R.) Onennta. o-ne-ou'ta (U. S ) Orlegal. or'te-ial' (Feu ) f. Ourdal, our'dale (Sc. Pen.) Onod. o'nod (Austr.) Ortelsburg, or'iels-boorg (Prus.) Ourte, oprte (Neth.) r. Onondaga, on-on-daw'pn (D. S.') Ortenburg, or'ten-boorg (Ger.) Ousa. ou'sa (R) Ontario,^ on-ta'ri-o (U. S.) Ortilla, or-tii'va (Pen!) Ousa, on'sa (R.) r. Onteiiiente. on-te-ni-en'te (Pen ) Ortlcr, ort'ler (It ) mt. Oust Pojog, oust po'jog (R.) Ooltgcnspladt, olt chens-plat (Net?!.) Orlona, 6r-t6'na (It.) Oust Sysolsk, oust si'solsk (R.) Oonalashka, po-na-Iash'ka (As ) ist. OrnepHDO, 6r'ri-e-pa'no \It.) Onst Tsvlemska oust tsi-lenis'ka (R.) Oordegbem, or'dfi-sem (Xetli.) Orrieto, or-n-e'to (It.) Oust Zalicha, oust za-b'cba (R.) Oorfa, ppr'la (Tur.) Orzinovi, oi'dzi-no'n (It.) Ovar. 6-Tar' (Peu ) Oostcanip, osl'kamp (Xetli.) Orzio, Gr'dii-o (It) Ovelgone, o'veI->:6iie' (Den.) Ooster Blokkcr. ost'er blok'ker (Xcth.) Osa, osa (R.) OverFlakkee, o'Verflakke (Neth.) Coster Leek, ost'er leke (Xeth.) Osa de la Vega, lu. lii o'sa de la vc'ga (reii.) Overbye, 6\er-bu. (Deo.) Oosterlie?selt, o^l'er-hes'selt (Xcth.) Osage, 6's;ije (U. S.) Orern, 6'vern (Den.) Oosterhout, ost'er-hout (Netli.) Oscb, osk (Netb.) Overyssel, over-is'sel (Netb.) Oostermeer. ost'er-mere (Nelli ) Oscliatz, o'sbats (Gcr.) Oviedo, 6-vi-e'do(Pen.) Oosterwolde, ost'er-vol'de (Nctli.) Oschiri, 6s-ki'ri (It.) Owasco, O-nas'ko (U. S.) i Oosierwyk, ost'er-vike (Xetb.) Osen, 6*sen (Sc. Pen.) Owego, o-we'go (U. S.) Oo«tbm?en, osi'hoi'zen (Xetli.i Osilo, 6-si'lo (It.) Owbvhce, or Ilawuii, o-whnice, ba-wai"! 1 Oostmahorn, ost'ma'liOrne (Xetb ) 0$ima, o-si'ma (As) isi. (S4ndw. M ) 1 , Opdal, np'dale (Sc. Pen.) Osma. os'raa (Pen ) Osebye, ox'bu (Den.) ; Opelousas, op-c-loo'sas (U. S.) Osnabrueck, os'na-briik (Ger.y Oxenbeede, os'en-he'de (Den.) 1 Opbir, Olire (Kast. Isl.) ml. Osnaburg, os'oa-boorg (tier ) Oxenvadt, ox'en-radt' ~(l>en.) Opioo, op'lo (Xetb.) Osogna, o-son'ya (Switz.) Oxenvang, gx'en-vHng (Den ) 1 Opoezno, o-p6-ei'no (R.) Osoti, 5-s6'ii (Mex) Oxfordshire, ox'ford-sbire (Kng.) 1 Oporto, o-por'to (Pen.) Osopo, o-so'po (It.)/^ Oxnae?, ox'nase {Sc. Pen.) isl. 1 Oposura, o-po-soo'ra (Mcx.) Osperin. os-pe-rlne' (Xetb ) Oxstede, ox-slfi'de (Ger.) Oppa, op'pa (Prus.) r. Ossa, ob'sa (Pras.) r. Oye, wa (Fr.) Oppeln, op'pein (Prus.) Ossendreclit, os'sen-dredlit' (Xclli.) Oyeslreliam, watr*-ang' (Fr.) Oppenheira, op'pen-liinic (Gcr.) Os«enisse, os'se-uis'se (Netli.) Ozark, 5-zark' (U. S.) mt. Opperdoes, op'per-doos (Xeib) Ossipee, os'si-pee (U. S.) Ozerki, o-zer'ki (R.) Oppido, op-pi'do (It.)" Oslachkov, 6st-atcU'kor (R.) Ozeriioi, o'zer-noi (11.) Opstad, up'stad (Sc, Pen.) Oste, os'te (Ger) r. Ozersk, o'zersk (R.) \ OpwTch, 6p'vi(3h (Xelli.) OsteUrieim, os'tels-liime (Gcr.) Ozieri, 6-dzi-e'ri (it.) Opynen, op-i'nen (Xeth.) Ostende, 6s-len'de (Xetb.) Ozinovo, 6'zi-no'vo (R ) Oquawka, o-quaw'kii (U. S.I Oster, os'ter (R) Ozora, o-dio'ra (Auslr.) Orabovicza, 6-ra-bi>-Tit'cha (Auslr) Osterburg, oster-boorg (Prus.) Orada, o-ra'da (Pen.) Osierbye, 5s'ter-bu'(Den.) Orange, 6-ran^sb' (Fr.) Ostergarn, os'tcr-gam (Sc. Pon) P. 1 Orani, 6-ra'ni (It.) , Ostergarnsbolm, os'ter-sarns-bolm' (Sc.Pen.) 1 Oranienbaum, o-ra'n'i-en-boum' (It. and Oer.) Osterode, os'te-ro'de (Prus. and Grr) Oranienburg, 5-ra-m-en-boorg (Prus.) r. Ostersund, os'ter-soond' (^c Pen.) Paar, pare (Ger.) r. Orha, or'ba (If.) r. Osterwik, 6s't«r-vike (Prus.) Paaslov, pas'lov (Xetb ) Orbe, orTje (Switz.) Ostia, o./Li-3 (It.) Fahilonis, pa-bi-Io'ms (It.) ! Orbe. or'be (Switz.) r. Ostiaks, os'ti-aks (As.) Pabsdorf, piibs'dgrf (Ger.) Orbeval, orli-val' (Fr.) Ostiauo, os--]-a'no ilt) Pacamina, Sierra, si-er'ra pa-ka li'na (S. Orbev, or-ba' (Fr ) OsUaiid. ost'land (^e^h.) Am.) Orbit'ello, 6r-b"i-lel'Io (It ) Ostntz, Oi'trils (Ger.) Pacaudi^re, la. la pa-ko-di-6re' (Fr.) Orbve, or'ba (Den.) Ostrometzo, 6s-tro-niet'so (Prus.; Pacbeco, pii-cbe'ko (Pen.) Orca, or'ka (It.) r. Ostrovizza, os-tro-M'sha 1 Austr.) Pacbuca, pa-cboo'ka (Mex.) Orclia, or'tcba (R.) Ostula, 6s'too-la (Mex ) Pacimoni, pa-thi-mo'ni (S. Am.) r. Orclianips, or-sli."ing' (Fr.> Osuna, &-soo'ua (Pen.) Pacolet, pak'o-Iet (U. S.) Orciano, or-tcba'no (It.) Oswegatcbie, op-^ve-gatcb'y (U. S.) Pacnri, pii-kop'ri (Braz.) Ordona, or-d6*na (It.) Oswego, os-we'go (U^. S ) Pacy, pa-si' (Fr.) Orduna, or-doo'na (Pen.) Oszlan. os'lan (Austr.) Padansk, pa'diinsk (R.) , Ore, 6're (Sc Pen.) r. Otahcite^or Tabiti, 6-ta-l.ite', ta-bi*U (Soc Padenghe. pa'den'ge (It.) Orcnoii, or'e-goii or O're-gon (U S ) Isl.) Paderborn. tiji'der-bgrne (Gcr.) Padria, pa-uti'a (IL) Orellnna, o-ret-yii'na (Pen.) Otar, 6-tdr' (R) Orenburg, 6'ren-bporg (R.) Otopakov, Q-io-pii'kov (R.) Padrou, el, el pa-dron' (It.) Orgarnga, or-gar-rVcha (Pen.) Otranto, o-tran'to (It.) Padua, pa'doo-a (It); pad'u-a (Eng.) Orgialo, or-ja'io (It ) Otsego, ot-se'go (U. S.) Paducali, pa-du'kab (U. S.) Orgiano. or-ja'no (It.) Oita, ot'ta (It.) Paganico, pi-gii-riVko (It.) Orgon, Of-gnn^' (Fr.) Ottawa, ot'ta-wa or oi'ta-wa (Can ) i'agarika, pa-iran'ka (IC) Cria, 6ii-a (Pen. It.) Ottawa, ot'ta-wa or ot'ta-wa (Can) co. Pagbaro. pal-yaro (It,) Oribue'a, on boo-e'Ia (Pt-n.) Ottawa, ot't.-i-wa or ol'ta-wa (Can.) r Pago, pa'go (Austr.) isl. Orient, o-ri-anK''(Fr.) I. Olienbach, oi'teu-bach (Switz.) Pahaquarry, pahaquar'ry (U. S ) ' Origny, 6-rin-\i' (Fr.) Ottcnbayn, ot'ten-bine' (Ger.) Pailbisse, pal-vas' or'pa-i-as' (Fr.) Orimatila. o'ri'-ma-ti'la (U.) Oltemdorf, ot'tem-dnrf tGer.) Paimbocuf, pahg-betii' (Fr.) Orinoco, 6-ri-no'ko (S. Am ) Ottobeuren, oi'to-boi'ren (Ger > Paimpol, pang-poP (Fr.) Oriskany, o-ris'ka-ny (U. :S) Ottochatz, ofto-dbats (Austr.) pHislcy, paze'-Iey (Scot.) I'r. sliuri but ; Fr long eTi, sliort eii, as in spui ; Final ly, Fr.lniouillc; An'ger, vi"cious. gHS smi 486 jleasuici g oil guumai; uy liquid, ih as in pith. PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Paisley, paze'-ley (Scot.) Parebim, par'cliim (Ger.) Peko, pe'ko (R) Pajares, pa-clia'resse (Pen.) Parchwitz, parc^lVviis (Frus.) Pelaccia, pe-lat'icba (It ) pEijaron, psi-^lia-ron' (Pen.) Pardo, el, ei piir'do (Pen.) Pelegosa, pe-Ie-gii'sa (U.) isl. Pajeploliju, pii'ye.plo'yoo (Sc. Pen.) Paredes, pii-re'desse (Pen.) Pelerine, la, la pe-le-iine' (Fr.) Pakracz, p;iknitcli (Austr.) Parillas, pa-riVyas (Fen) Pelleroso, nel-ye-ro'so (Pen.) Pellina, pel-li'na (Switz.) tal. Pakg, paks (Austr) Paris, pii-ri', com. par'is (Fr.) Palace, pa-lii'clie (It.) Parksteltiii, piirk'stet-inic' (Ger.) Pellouaille, pel-loo-ii-i or pel-loo-aly' (Fr.) Palacio, pii-la'tiii-o (Pen ) Parlanna, par-lau'na (It.) Peloponnesus, pel'o-pon-nes'sxis (Gr) Palafurgeii, pa'la-foor-gel (Pen.) Parma, par'ma (It.) Pelosa, pg-16'sa (It.) isl. Palamos, pji-la'mos (Ger ) Parne, parne (Fr.) Feloso, pe-lo'so (It,) mt. Palaucia, pii-Ian'tlii-a (Fen ) r. Panics, pai'uesse (Gr.) m^. Pelaocz, pel'sotch (Austr.) Pala^ika, pii-lan'ka (U.) Parsippany, par-si p'pa-uy (U. S.) Pemadumcook, pem-a-dum'kook (U. S) Palauza, pii-l.-iu'dza (It.) Partalobo, pjjr-ta-lo'bo (Feu.) Pembrokeshire, pem'brook-slii'rc (Eng) Palalinate, or Pfah, pii-lat'i-nate, pfalz (Ger.) Palazza, pii-lat'dza (It.) Parthia, par'lli'i-a Pcua dc Aravi, pe'na dc'a-rii'vi (Pen.) Pasargo. pa-zar'go (Prus.) r. Pascagoula, pas-kii-goo'la (U. S.) Penagotosa, pe'na-go-l6'sa (Fen ) iiU. Palazzuolo, pii-lat-dzoo-0'lo (It-) Penalva, pe-nal'va (Pen.) Palegiaiio, pii-le-jii'no (It.) Pasewalk, pa'ze-vall; (Frus.) Peuamacor, pe'ua-ina-kor' (Pen ) Palenii, pii-!e'ua (It.) Paskack, pas-kak' (U. S.) Penaranda, pe-na-rau'da (Pen.) Palencia, pa-leu'tlii-a (Pen.) Paskuma. pas-kpo'ma (R.) Penarroya, pe-niir-ro'ya (Ptu.) Palcnque. or CuUiuacan, pa-Ieu'ke, kool- Paso de Vera, pa'so de ve'ra (S. Am.) Penas de S. Fcdro, pe'niis de sail pe'dro (Pen.) ooa'kjin (Mox.) Paso del Cabullo, pu'so del kii-bal' (-bai') yo Penkiua, pen-ki'na (R.) Palermo, pa-lev'mo (It,) (Mex.) Pennila, pen-ui'la (R) Palestiue, or Paltestina, pares-Utie (Tur.) Paso del Norte, pa'so del nor'fe (Mex.) Pennsylvania, pen-sil-va ni-n (U. S) Palestrina, pa-les-tri'ua (It.) Paso Grande, pii'so griin'de (S. Am.) Penobscot, pe-uob'skot (U. S.) Palia, pa'li-a (R.) Pasquerin. piis-ke-riu' (Mex.) Pensacola, pen-sa-tO'lii (U. S.) Paliporto, pa'li-por'to (ItOZ-f. Pasquotank, pas-quo-tank' (U. S.) Pentacotab, pen'ta-ko-la' (Pen.) Palisades, pal'i-s;idcs (U. S.) Passadumkeag, pas-sa-dum'key; (U. S.) Passage, pas-sa'ilie (Pen.) Penuelas, pe-iioo-e'las (Mex) Palissc, Ifi, la pii-lis' (Fr.) Penza, peu'tlia (Pen.) Palissons, pii-lis-song' (Fr ) Passaic, pas-?a'ik (U. S.) Penzance, pen-rans' (Eng.) Paiizeul. pa-li-zeul' (NetU.) Passamaqufjddy, pas-sara-a-knod'dy (U. S.) Peoria, pe-6'ii-a (U. S.) Palk, palk (Ind.) st. Passaro, Cape, piis-sa'ro (It.) /. Pequanuock, pe-quau'nock (U. S ) PaJma, pu/ma (Pen ) Passau, pas'sou (Ger. Den.) Pequawket, pe-quaw'ket (U. S. ) Palma, pal'ma (Pen.) h. Passeulieim, pas'seu-liime' (Prus.) Pequot, pe'quot (U. S.) Palma, pal'ma (It.) Passo di Gualette, pas'so di {Too-a-let'te (It.) Pera, pe'ra (Tur.) Palnianuva, pal'ma-no'va (It ) Passyunk, pas-y-unk' (U. S.) " Pera, pe'ra (Fen.) c. Palmar, pal-mar' (S. Am.) Pasumsic, pa-^um'sik (U. S ) Peraea, pe-ta-e'a (Pal.) Palmnria, piil-ma'ri-a (It.) isl. Paszto, piis'to (Ans.tr.) Perales, p'e-ra'lesse (Fen.) Palmarola, pal-ma-ro'U (It.) isl. Fatada, pii-ta'da (It.) PeralviUo, pe-ral-v'il'yo (Pen.) Palmaa, piil'mas (It,) g. Patagonia, pu-ta-^6'n'i-a (S. Am.) Percbe, persb (Fr.) Palmeira, ptil-mi'ra (Pen.) Patapsco, pa-Iao'sko (U. S.) Percbina, per-Sbi'na (R.) Paimilliig, piii-mil'yas or [lal-mi'yas (Mex ) Fatchogue, patcli-og' (U. S.) Perdido, per-di'do (Pen.) mt. Palmo, pal'tno (Mex.) c. Patenio, pa-ler'iio (It.) PerJigao, per-di-;;a'o (Fen.) Palmyra, pal-mi'ra (U. S.) Patiia, pat'iia (Hind ) Perdiguera, per-di-ge'ra (I'en.) Pulo, pa'l,. (I'en. It.) Patoka, pa-to'kii (U. S.) Perelada, pe-re-la'da (Pen.) Palo, Sto, saii'io pa'lo (S. Am.) Patras, pa-triis' or pa-tras' (Gr.) Perello, pe-rel'yo (I'en.) Palo3, pii'los (Pen.) Patria, pa'tri-a (It.) I. Pergamos, or Fergamus, per-ga'mos (moos) Palota, pa-Io'ta (Au«tr.) Patrimoiiio di San Pietro, pii-tri-mo'ni-o di (Tur.) Pamer, pii-mer' (As.) siin pi-e'tro (It.) Pergola, per-go'la (It.) P:imiei'9, p;i-iiii-e' (Fr.) Pattawalomies, pat-a-wat'o-niic8 (U. S.) Pergouba, per-gou'ba (R.) Pamlico, pam'li-ko (U. S.) Pattensen, piit'ten-zen (Ger.) Peri, pe'ii (It.) Pampas, pam'pas (S. Am ) Patti, pat'ti (It.) q. Peribonaca, pe-ri-Ijo-na'ka (Can.) r. Pam|ia3, pam'pas (S. Am ) r. Patuxent, pa-tux'ent (U. S.) Periers, pe-ri-e' (Fr.) Pampeluua, pam-pe-lou'ua (Pen.) Patzquaro, path (pas-) koo-a'ro (Mex.) Perigueux, pe-ri-ge^' (Fr.) Pampi^ny, pang:-pin-\V (Switz.) Pau, pa (Fr.) Perija, Sierra, si-er'ra pe-ri'5ba (S. Am ) Pam|)ola, pam'p6-la (R) Panics, pou'Iesse (Pen ) Perinas, pe-rl'niis (R.) Pamunky. pa-niunk'y (U. S.) Pauvre, povr (l-'r.) Perlas, Arcliipelago de la?, ar-clii-pe'ia-go de Panad. pa-iiiid' (Austr) Paverne Peterliugen, pa-ver'ne pe'ter-ling'en las per'las (S. Am.) Panama, pa-ua-ma' (S. Am.) (Switz.) Perleberg, per'Ie-berg (Prus ) Pfiniima, pa-uii-ma' (S. Ara.) g. Pavia, pii'vi-a (It.) Perlom, per'lom (R.) Panaria, pa-uii'ii-a (It.) isl. Pavia (Alentejo), pii'vii-a (a-len-te'cho) (Pen.) Perm, perm (R.) Panaro, pa-na'ro It. r. Pawcatuck, paw'ka-tuk (U. S ) Pernambuco, per-nam-boo'ko (Braz.) Pancas, pau'kas (Pen.) Pawnee, paw-uce' (U. S.) Periiau, per'non (R.) Paiicsova, piiu-tclio'va (Auslr.) Pawtuxet, paw-iux'et (U. S.) Pernes, pernc (Fr.) Pandeiros de Baise, piiu-di'ros de bi'dhe Paymago, pi-rim'go (Pen.) Perou, pe-roiig' or pii'ron (Austr. As. N. (Braz.) Paypoton, pi'|j6-t6ii' (Mex.) Zeal.) mt. Pando. paii'do (Braz.) Pac, la (Calilorniii). Iti piitli (pas) (Mex.) Perouue, pe-r6nc' (Fr) Paueas, pa'iie-aa (Pal.) Paz, la, or Pueblo Nuevo, lii piith (pas) Perosa, pe-ro'za (It.) Panfou, paiig-foo' (Fr.) (S. Am.) Perouse, la, la, pe-rooze' (As.) st. Pankov. piiti'ko (-koof) (Prns ) Peban, pe-ban' (Mex.) Perpignan, per-pin yiing' (Fr.) Panly, pilnii-li' (Fr)' Peclitcliana Kopani, petch-tcbii'iia k(>-pa'ui Perquimans, per-quim'ans (U. S.) Panoyos, pii-no'yos (Pen.) (R.) Perrtt, per-re' (Fr.)' Pantellaria, pau-tel-la'n-a (It ) iU. Pecora, pe-ko'ra (It.) c. Pcrroman, per'ro-maii' (Switz,) Panuco, pfi-noo'ko (Mex.) Pecs, petch (Austr.) Persal, per-sal' (Switz.) Paola, pa'6-la or pa-6'la (It.)/. Pecsvar, petcli-viir' (Austr,) Persante, per-ziin'te (Prus.) r. Paoli. pa-O'ii (U. S,) Pecuris, pe-kgo'ris (Mex.) Persepolis, Ruins of, per-se'po-lis (Per.) Papa, pii'pa (Austr.) Pederualeg, pe'der-nii'lesse (S. Am.) Persis, per'sis Papa^fiyo, pa'pii-ga'yo (Mex.) h. Pedorosk, pe-do-rgsk' (R.) Perthshire, pertb'shire (Scot.) Papantia, pa-piiut'la (Mex.) Pedraza. pe-dra'tba (Fen.) Pertuis, per-tu-i' (Switz.) Papas, pa'pin (S. Am.) Pedro Bluff, pe'dio bloof (Pen.) Peru, pe-roo' (S. Am ) Peru, Upper, or Bolivia, pe-roo', bo-li'n-n Papeud;ial, pa'pen-dale' (Netli.) Pedro, |)on, don pe'drn (Fen.) Papendreclit, pa'peu-drecht' (Nctli.) Pedro, S., sail pe'dro (Pen,) (S.Am) Paphlagoiua, pa-fla-go'iii-a Pcdroneras, pc-drO-ne'riis (Pen.) Peruiigua^u, pe'roo-a-gop-a'soo (Braz.) r. Pappenheim, pap'pen-liuue' (Ger ) Pedrosa, pe-ilro'sa (Pen ) Peruciia, pe-roo'tclia (Feu.) Papua, pa'pooa (Austral.) Pedrosa, el, el pe-dr6'sa (Pen.) Perugia, pe-roo'ja (It.) Para, pa'ra (Itraz.) Peeblesbire, pee'ldes-shire (Scot ) Perugia, pe-roo'ja (It.) /. Para, pa'ra (Br;iz ) r. Peel. The, p(ile (Nelb.) Ferugiuo, pe-roo-ji'no (It.) Paracuellos, pa-ra-koo-erjos (Pen.) Peer, pCre (Nelb.) Peruwetz, pe'roo-vetz' (Nctb.) Paradas, pd-ra'das (Pen ) peese, p6'se (Netb.) Pes. pessB (it.)' " Paraddia, pa-ra-dtd'ya (Pen ) Peest, pftste (Prus.) Pesa, pe'za (It.) r. Paraguay, pa-iaVooi or par'a-gwa' (Braz.) Pegalajar, pe-gii-lii-fliiir' (Pen) Pesadas, pe-sa'diis (Pen ) Parali>ba, pd-ra-i'ha (Braz.) Pegnitz, peng'nits (Ger.) r. Pesaro, pe-za'ro (It.) Parainaril)'>, pur-a-mar'i-bo or pa-ra-ma-ri'i)0 Pegu, pe-i:oo' (.\s.) Pescaia, pessc-kii'rii (It ) (S. Am.) Peillac, pel (pei-) yak' (Fr.) Pescara, pessc-kii'iii (It.) r. Paramo, pii-ia'mo (Pen.) Peim, piiiie (Austr.) Peschici, pesse-kilcbi (It.) Paramos, ])a-ra'mos (Pen.) Peisern. pi'zern (Pru-*.) Pescbieia, pesse-ki-e'ra (It ) Parau, DL-sert of. pa-ran' (Pal. Eg ) Pcist, piste (Switz.) Pcscia, pe'slii-a (It.) Parauagu;!, pa-rii-iia'pooa (S. Am ) Peitz, pits (Prus) Pcsciiia, pe-slii'iia (It) Parnutis, pa-rang-li' (t'r,) Pekatonica, pek-a-ton'i-ka (U. S ) Pese Puerto, pe's6 poo-er'to (Ind.) Paray, pi-ra (F'r) Pekin, or Peking, pe-kiu' (Cb.) Peshawer, pesli-our''(A3.) Fate, far, fall, what, bat j Mete, prey, Iielp. th6 re, her; Pine, marine, Hrd, fig; Kote, dove, mu\'e, w 3lf, book, lord ; Tune, bull, unite; Fr. long vfte; II.— Supp. 4S7 9k PRONtTNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGnAPHIGAL NABCES* Pesqnera, pesse-ke'ra (Pen.) Pestb. peslit (\iistr.); pest (Kng.) Peiatlan. pe-lal'lan (Mex) Pe-tche-lee, pe-lclie-lee' (As ) g. Petchora. pet-tclio'ra (R.) r. Peten, pe-leii' (Mex.) Pelcpaa, pe-te-pau' (Uex ) Petersburg, or Pcterbur;:. pe'ters (ter-) boorg (R.); pe'ters-berg (tug.) Petershausen, pe'ters-hou'zen (Ger.) Pctershock, pe'ters-liok (Nelli.) Peterwardeiu, pe-tcr-Viir-dine' (Austr.) Peterzell, pe'ter-tsei' (SwUz.) PctigDic, pe-tiD-yak' (Fr.) Petite Nation, pe-lite na-siOng' i.Cau.) r. .Petra, pe'tra (As.) isl. Pctra, Rui:is of, pe'tra (Eg.) Petricova, pe-tri-ko'va (R.) Pelrikau, pe-tri-kon' (R.) Petrinia, pe-ln'iii-a (Austr.) Petrizza, pe-trit'ilza (It.) Petrola, pe-tro'la (Peu.) Petrosa, pe-lrO'za (It.) isl. Petrova, pe-tr6*va (Austr.) PetrOTO, pe-tro'vo (R-) Petachow, pet'tcho (Ger.) Peitau, pet'tou (Austr.) Pevales, pe-va lesse (Pen.) Pewauki, pe-wau'kie (U. S.) Pejrat, pa-ra' (Kr.) Pejrolles, pa-role' (Ir.) Peyruis, pa-rii-V (Fr.) PejTusse, pa-ru5ie' (Fr.) Peza, pe'za (R.) r. Pfaff, pfaf (Sivitz.) I Pfaftenliofen, pfaf'fen-Lo'fen (Ger.) Pfaffenkirclien, pfal'len-kir'clien (Ger.) Pfaffikon, pfarfi-kon (Switz.) Pfaffuau, pfafnou (Switz.) Pfalz, or Palaiumte, pfalts (Ger.) Pfalzarafenweiler, pf al'tsa-ra-fen-ii'ler (Ger.) Pi'ara, pfa'ra (Eg.) Pfaraoli, Ruins of, pfara-o (Fez), (A^) Pfeffers, pfet'fers (Switz.) Pfoling, pfoling (Ger.) Pforzheim, pforts'hime (Ger.) Pfreinibt, pl'rimljt (Ger.) Pfreirubl, pfriuibt (.Ger.) >■. Pi'rim, pfriuie (Ger.) r. Pinladelphia, pliiUa-Jel'plii-a (U. S.) Philip, fi'iip (Australia.) Philip, fi'lip (Austraha) 15/. Philippevilie, I i-lipe-vile' (Xeth.) Philippine, Fhilippiue Isl, fi-bp-pine' or fil'ip-pine (East. Isl.) Pliilippolis, or Fliilippopolis, fi-lTp'po-'iis or li-fip-po'po-Iis (Tut.) Pliilipsburg, fi'lips-boorg (Ger.) PhilipstHclt, fi'li[)3-stat' (Sc Peu.) Philipathal, fi'iips-talc (Ger.) PhUophska. fi-iofs'ka (R.) Phinzaud Enz, fin'tsaat ents (Ger.) Phocis. fo'iis (Gr.) Phoeuire, or Piicenicia, fcu'is (Pal j Phiygia, frig'i-a Piaiauta, pi-a-ya'm-a (R.) I. Pianezzo, pi-a-nel'tzo (Sn-itz.} Planosa, pi-a-no'/a (It.) isl. Piauby, pi-o'lji (Braz ) Piauby Serra, pi-o'bi str'ra (Braz ) Piave, pi-a've (It.) r. Piavozero, pi-a-vo'ze-ro (R.) I. Piazza, pi--at'dza (It.) Pic (lu Midi, pik du mi'di (Fr. Pen.) Picardy, pi-kar-di' (Fr.) Piceuza, pi-tcheu'dza (It ) Picierno, pi-tchier'iio (ll.> Picota, pi-ko'ta (Fen.) Picquigny, pik-km-\i' (Fr.) Piclou, pik-loo' (Can ) Piedniout, pi-e-moii^', com. peed'mont (It-) Piedrabuena, pi-e'dra-boo-e'na (Pen.) Piedrahita, pi-e-drii-i ta (Pen.) I'iedras Point, pi-e'dras (]Jle.\.) Pielis, pye'lis (K ) Pielis, p'ye'iis (R.) L Pierre Uuilicre, pi-(lre' Liit-fT-Cre* (Fr) Pierre Ecnte, pi-ife' c-krite' (Fr.) Pierrelatte, pi-firc'latc (Fr.) I'lerse, pi-6rse' (Fr.) Pielra, pi-e'ira (It.) Pietra, pi-e'tra (U.) r. Pietra >cra, pi-e'tra ue'ra (It ) Pietra Santa, pi-e'tra taa'ta (it > Fietro, j>I-e'tro (It.) Pieve, pi-eve' (Xeth.) Pila, pVla (It.) Pilate. pl-!u'te (Sniiz.) Pilgrani, pil'i;rara (Austr.l Pillau, pii'kiu (Prus.) Pilsen, pil'zen (Austr) Pilsno, pils'no (.Austr.) Pina, pi'na (Fen.) Pinaretlo Point, pi-na-rello (It.) PiDCzche'y, pintch'chely (Austr.) Pindua, pin'doos (dus) (Tur.) mt. Piu(lu9, Cliain of, piu'docis (dus) Pinega, pi-ne'ga (R.) Pinega, pi-ne'ga (R.) r. Pinerolo, pi-ne-ro'lo (It ) Piney, pi-na' (Fr.) Pinguento, pin-gopen'to (Austr.) Pioheira, pui-}i-ra (Pen.) Pioheiro, pin-'yi-ro (Pen.) Pinneberg, pin'ne-berg (Den) Pino, pi'no (It.) Finos, pi'nos (.Mex.) Pinos del Rev, pi'nos del ri (Pen.) Pinotepa, pi-no-te'pa (Mex.) Pinsk, pinsk (R.) Pintlala, pint-la'la (U. S.) Piombino, pi-om-bi'no (It.) Piorrowo, pi-or-rO'vo (Pnis.) Piota, pi-o^ta (Snitz.) Piperno, pi-per'no (It.) Piqua, pi'qua (U. S.) Pirna, pir'na (Ger.) Pisa, pi'za (It.) Pisa, Ruins of, pi'sa (Gr.) Pisano, pi-za'no (II.) Pi'e-ko (U. S.) Pissen, pis'sen (R.) Pissevacbe, pis-i ash' (Switz.) Pistoga, pis-to'i-a (It.) Pisuergs, pi-sofi-er'ga (Pen.) r. Pitea, pi'te-H (Sc. Pen.) Pitea, pi'te-H (?c. Pen.) r. Pitianano, pi-li-a-ua'no (It.) Pitigliano, pi-til-ya'no (It.) Pitres, pVtresse (Pen.) Pittenween, pit'ieu-v^ne' (Neth ) Pizzighettone,'pi"t-dzT-get-t6'ne (It.) Plaffeyen, plafli-en (Switz.) plan, plane (Austr ) Plana, or Tabarca, pla'na, ta-bar'ka (Pen.) isl. Plaacbenoit, platigsh-nwa' (Xeth.) Plagchman, plasli'man (Prus.) Plasencia, pfa-sen'thi-a (Pen.) Plata, pla'ta (Ptii.) c. Plata, K la pla'ta (S. Am) _ Plata, Rio de la, ri'o de la plata (S. Am.) Plataua, pla-fairya (Pen.) Platani, pla-la'ni (It.) r. Platanilla, pla-ta-nil' (uii') ya (Mex ) Platta, plat'ta (Switz.) Plan, plon (Ger.) PIru, plou (Ger.) t. Plauqueniine, plak-m'ine' (U. S.) Pleigne, pleiiy (Suit?.) Plencia, pleu'tbi-a (Pen.) Pleska, plesse'ka (R ) PUbiscken, p'.i'bis-ken (Prus ) Ploen, pteune (IJen) L Plomb de Cantal, ploiig de kang-tal' (Fr.) mt, Plombieres ploii'.r-bi-6re' (Fr.) PlouTal, plong-val' (Fr.) Plouay, ploo-a' (Fr.) Pluckcniin, pluk'e-min (U. S.) Plume, la, la plime (Fr.) Po della Folle, po del'la (ol'le (It ) Po della Maestra, po del'la ma-esse'lra (ll.) Po di Fossone, po di f5s-*o'ne (It.) Po di Goro, jio di go'ro (It.) Po di Levanie, po di le-\airte (It,) Po di Volano, po di vO-li'no (It.) Po, Mouths of, po (It.) r. Pobla, pobla (Pen.) Pocahontas, po-ka-lion'tas (U. S.) Pucasset, po-kas'set (U. S.) Pocliutla, po-'choot'la (Mex.) Pocomoke, pnk'o-uioke (U. S.) PocotaUco, pok-o-tal'i-ko (U. S.) Pocska, potch'ka (Austr ) Poiielsk, pVdelsk (R-) Podolia, p6-d6 li-a (R) Poel, peule (Ger.) isl. Pogstall, pog'stal (Austr.) Poissine, pwas-siiie' (Switz.) Poiiiers, pwa-ii-e' (Fr.) Poitou, pwa-tpo' (Fr.) Poix, pwa (Fr ) Piijaua, po-i-a'na (Austr.* Pokrzydow, pokr-shi'do (Prus) Pola, po'la (Austr) Pola, (Jape Sta, po'la (Pen.) Polacd. po'land (R) Polarra, po-lar'ra (Pen.) Polchinki, pgl-tcliiu'ki (R.) Polesina, po-le-zi-na (It.) Policastro, po-Q-Las'lro (It.) ff, Policzka, po-litch'ka (Austr.) Polignano, p6-lin-ya'no (It.) Poligny, pQ-riu-yi' (Fr.) Polkenlz, pol'ke-vits (Prus.) Pollenza, pol-yeu'tlia (Peu.) b. Pollina, p61-li'ua (It) mt. Poluitz, pgl'iiits (Ger.) Polonina, po-lo-ni'na (Austr.) Polovino, po-i6-\i'no iR.) Polsbrokedani, luls'bro-ke-dam' (Neth.) Poltava, pol-ta'va (R.) Polynesia, pol-i-ne'shi-a Polzin, pnl-tsiue' (Prus.) Pomba, pom'ba (At.) b. Pomeraiiia, or Pomern, pom-er-a'ni-a (Pni« ) Pomieczyn, p6-mi-lcbiue' (Frus.) Pomraern, or Pomerania, pgoi'mern (Prus ) Ponio, po'ino (It) isl. Pomosdin, po-nios-dine' (R.) Pompeii, Ruius of, pom-pe'yi (Tt.j Pompejano, pom-pj-ia'no (It.) Pondiclierry, pon-dVsher'ry (lud.) Pont, pong (Switz.) Pont a Marque, pong ta mark (Fr) Pont a Mousson, pOug ta moos-song' (Fr) Pont Andemer, pong langd-inere' (Fr.) Pont au Beaux, pong to bo (Fr.) Pont an Mur, pOug to miire (Fr) Pont Charra, pong shar-ra' (Fr.) Pont CbMeau, pong slia-io' (Fr > Pont Croix, pong krwa' (Fr.) Pont d'Ain, pong dang (Fr.) Pout de I'Arcbe, pong de larsh' (Fr.) Pout Rosseau, pong ros-s6' (Fr.) Pout St. Prix, |,6ng sang pri (Fr.) Pout sur Tonne, pong siir yone (Fi.* Ponta da Cruz, pou'ta da krooth (Af.) Ponta da Galera, pou'ia da ga-le'ra (Af.) Ponta do Sol, pou'ta do sol (Af.) Pontarlier, p6ng-lar-!i-e' (Fr.) Fontchartraiu, pontch-ar-trane' (U. S.) Ponte, pon'te (It. Switz.) Ponte Corvo, pou'tg kor'vo (It.) Poute Tresa, pon'te tre'za (Switz ) Ponlevedra, pou'te-ve'ilra (Pen.) Pontevedra Kia, pon'ie-ve'dra ri'a (Pen.) Pontiac, pon'ii-ak (U. S.) Pontine Marshes, pon'tine (It.) Poutlaville, pong-ia-vile (Switz.) Pontons, pong-long' (Fr.) Pontotoc, pou'to-tgk (U. S.) Ponza, pon'dza (It.) isl. Poonah, poo'nab (Ind.) Popadia, pu-pi'di-a (Austr. Popayan, p6-pa'\an (S. Am.) Popoli, po'p6-li "(It.) Poppenbuettel, pop'peu-bui'tel (Den.) Poquetanock, po que-tan'ok (U. S.) Poquouock, po-qugn'uk (U. S.) Porcarizza, p6r-ka-rit'dza (It.) Porcuna, por-koo'na (Pen.) PorqneroUes, poik-ole' (Fr.) isL Porn Rocks, por'ri (It.) Porsal Rocks, por-sai' (Fr.) Porsange, p6r'sang-e (Sc. Fen.) Port au Prince, pore'to-prangse, com. prince (W. Ind.) Port Ro\al, pore rwa-yale', com. ro\'yal (Fr.'W. lud.) Port S. Marii", pore sang ma-ri' (Fr.) Porte Fermo, poi'te lei'nio (It.) Portuelos, por-top-e'los (Mex.) Portaguesa, p6r-ta-ge'sa (S. Am.) r. Portalban, por'tal-bau' (Switz.) Portalegre, por-tii-le'gre (Braz. Peu.) Portmiao, p6r-ti-niao (Pen.) Portneuf, pOre-neul' (Can.) Porto Alegre, por'to a le'gre (Braz.) Porto Calvo, por'to kal'vo (liraz ) Purto da Cruz, pOr'lo da krooth (Af,) Porto d'Anzo, por'to dan'dzo 'It.) Porto da Ribcira da Janella, por'to da ri-hi'ra da dba-nel'ya (At.) Porto da Sertii da Agoa, por'to da ser'ra da a'go-a (Af.) Purto Fino, por'to fi'no (It.) Porto Greco, por'to gre'ko (It.) Porto Real, por'to rc-al' (Pen.) Porto Santo, poi'to san'to (Af.) Porto Veccliio, por'to vek'k'i-o (It.) Purto Veccbio. por'to vek'ki-o (It.)^. Foitole'lo, for'tu-bcl'yo (S. AmO Fr, short b&ti Fr.loDge1i,sliorieu,asiB spur; Final Iv, Fr. Imouill^i An"ger, vi"c:ou£i y^s sin pleasure; g^^h guttural j uy liquid j th as in pith. 483 rRONUNCIATIOK OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Portorico, por'tc-ri'ko Portugal, port'u-Ki^l (Pen.) PurLuga^ete, por-ipo-ga-le'te (Peu.) Pusada, po-za'dii (tt.) Fosaiiaa, po-aa'das (Pen) I'oscliiavo, pO-shi-aVo (Switz.) I. Poscu, pO'zeti (Pru9.) Postelicrg, 1103' (pOsli') tc-ljer^ (Auatt.) Postcl, pO'stel (Neth.) Poteau, le, le po-to' (Fr.) Potenza, po-leii'dza (U.) r. PotUier, pO-i'i-e' (Cau.) /. Potomnc, po-to'miik (U. S) Potosi, pO-lO'si {Mex. and Peru) Potosi Cerro del Mine, po-tu's"i tliei' (ser'J ro del nii'ne (Mcx.) Potsdam, pgts'diiin (Pnis.) Poiiauc6, poo-iing-se' (Fr.) Pouclieux, poo-slieit' (Fr.) Pou^ilikeepsie, po-kip'see (U. S.) Fouilly, poo-i-ji' or pool-yi' (Fr.) Pourcieux, poor-si-eV (Fr.) Pouzat, le, lij [loo-za' (Fr.) Povoa, jio-vd'a (ten.) Po)ai3, po-jia' (Mex.) Pozo Estrecho, pO'tlio esse-tre'clio (Fen.) Pozoblanco, po'tlio-blaii'ko (Pen.) Praila, pra'da (Ger.) Pradelles, pra-dfele' (Fr.) Pradilla, pia-dil'ya (Pen.) Praestoe, prest'eu (Den.) Praga- pra'ga{R) Praj^ue, prag or pra^ (Austr.) Prairie, la, la pra-ri' (Can.) Prasag, pra'zaa (It.) isl. Pralica, prii'li-ka (It ) Prats de Llasaues. prat de lya-sa'nessD (Pen.) Prausuitz, prous'nits (Prus.) Prautoy, prO-twa' (Fr.) Pr6 S. Didier, pre sang d'i-d'i-e' (It.) Predmir, pred-mtre' (Ausfr.) Preetz, pnjts (Den.) Pregaro, pre-gii'ro (It.) Pregel, prfi'gel (Fru8.) r. Premndti, pre-nioo'da (Austr.) iil. Prenzlow, prents'io (Prus.) Fresburg, presse' (presh') bporg (Austr.) Presentation, la. la pre-zang-'ta-aiong' (Cau) Prettigau, pret'ii-gou "(Switz ) Pretzel, prrtsel (Ger.) Preuszen, or Prussia, prois'sen (Ger.) Priniavera, pri-nia-ve'ra (Braz ) r. Principato Citra, pria-tcbi-pa'to tclii'tra (It.) Principato Ultra, prin-lcLi-pa'to pol'tra (It.) Principe, prin'tlii (-si-) pe (Mex ) Pritscliwilz, prilcli'vits (Ger.) Pritzig. prit'tsig (Prus.) Pritzwalk, priis'valk (Pms) Probcncio, pro-beu'tlii-o (Pen.) Procida, pro-chi'da (It.) isl. Prona, pro'ria (Austr.) Pro]iri;ino, pvo-pri-a'no (It.) Piottr, pro'ter (Prus) Prutcr, pru'ter (Prus) 6. Provence, pro-vangse (Snitz. Fr.) Proveuzale, prO-ven-tbii'le (It.) Provcozale, pro.ven-ili'i'le (Pen.) Providericiales. pro-vi-tien-llii (-si-) ii'lesse or pro-vi-daiig-si-ale' (W. Ind.) isl. Pninelli, proo-nel'li (It ) r. Prussi;i, or I*reu9zen, prooah'fi. (Ger.) Pruiizka, proos'ka (Austr ) Pucanilla, poo-kti-uii'ya (S. Am.) Fucbow, ppo'ilio (Austr.) Pudasiarvi, poo-da-si iir'v'i (U.) Puebla Cazalki,' poo-e'bla ka-tliiil'ya (Pen.) Fuebia de P'adrique, poo-e'bla de fa-dn'ke (Pen.i Puebla deTornea. pop-p'bla dii tor-ne'a (Pen.) Puebia de llodriga, poo-e'bla de ro-dri'gu (Pen.) Puebia, la, Iji poo-e'bla (Mex. Pen ) Puebia Kutva, or Puz, poo-e'bla noo-e'va (S. Am.) Pueldo, el, el poo-e'blo (S. Am ) Pueiite del Arzubvapo, poo-en'te del ar-tlio- bia'po (Peu.) Puerco, ppo-er'ko (Mex.) r. Puertas, poo-er'tas (Pen.) Puerto, poo-tr'to (Pen.) Puerto de la Mala Muger, poo-er'to de iiii mala moo-iber' (Pen.) Puerto Principe, poo-er'to prlu'tld (-si-) pe (W. Ind.) Puis, pii-i' (Fr.) Puistux, pii-i-zeV (Fr) Pulaski, pu-las'ki (U. S.) Pulciano, pool-tthi-a'no (It) mt. Pully, pul-li' (Swiiz.) Pultusk, ppol'topsk (Austr.) Puna, ppo'iia (S.'Isl.) PunaUoii, ppp-na-hou' (S. lel.) Pungoteague, punii-go-t"ige' (U. S.) Punjaub. pun-jaub' (Ind.) Punto Desconucida, poon'todesse-kO-nO-tli'i'- (si') da (W. Ind,) Purchena, pppr-tclie'na (Pen ) Puricues, pop-ri'kpo-esse (Mex.) Purification, la, la poo-ri-t"i-ka-tli'i (-s'l-) Cu' (Mex. S. Am.) Purisima, la, lii ppp-ri's'i-ma (Mcx.) Purissimii, la, la pop-ris'si-nia (Mex.) Purmereud, pppr*n'ier-end' (NeLli) Puspoki, ppps-pu'k'i (Austr.) Puszta, poos'ta (Austr.) Putigiiano, ppp-fin-ya'no (It.) Putnuk, pppt'npk (Austr.) Putten, poot'teti (Netb.) Puttlitz, poot'lits (Prus,) Putzilor, ppot'si-Ior [Austr.) Puy de l)ome, pii-i' de dome (Fr.) dep. Puy Guillaume, pii-i' gi-i-yonie' or gil-yome' (Fr.) Puy, le, li; pu-i' (Fr.) Puzzuoli, pppt-dzpp-o'li (It.) Pyaani, pi'alini (Netb.) Pylos, pi'los (Gr.) Pymatuuiiig, pim-a-tu'ning (U. S.) Pyreu6^ s, East, pi-re-ue' (Fr.) dep. ; pir'e- nez (Eiig.) Pyrenees, Lower, pi re-ne' (Fr.) dep ; pir'c- nez (Eng.) Pyrenees, Upper, p'i-re-ne' (I'r ) dep ; pir'c- iiez (Eng.) Pyreneos, pi-re-ne'03 (Braz.) nit. Pyrgna, per'gos ((jr.) mt. Pyritz, pi'rils (I'rus.) Pyssauiueu, pia'sa-iiiL'sea (PrU3.) Q. QuACKENBBUECK, Uwak'keu-bruk (Ger.) Quaderna, kwa-der'na (It.) QuHgucs, kpo-a'geS3e (S. Am.) 7nl. Qualsund, kwal'sopnd {Sc. Peu.) Uuarauta, kwii-rau'ta (It.) Quarant;inia, kwii-rau-tii'ui-a (Pal,) mt. Qiiarnebek, kwar'ne-b6ke (Prus.) Quarnerolo, kwiir-ne-rO'Io (Austr) ch. Quarto, kwiir'to (S.Am) r. Quartu, kwar-tpp' (It,) Quascbin, kwa-slVine' (Prus.) Quasscl. kwas'sel (Ger.) Quatre Bras, katr bra' (Netb.) Quebec, kwe-bek' (Can,) Quebec, kwe-bek' (Cau ) dist. Quedah, ke-dab' (East. Isl.) Quedlinburg, kwed'lin-boprt' (I'rus ) (iueecbe, kwe'tche (U. S.) Queich, kwUh (Gi-r) r. Quemada, ke-mii'da (Pen.) Queretaro, ke-re-la'ro (Mex.) Querfurt, kwer'fpprt (Prus.) Querinda, ke-riii'da (Af.) isl. Querndrup, kwern'drppp (Uen.) Quero, kwe'ro (It.) Queaiie, kfiue (Fr.) Quetobo, ke-to'bo (S. Am.) r. QuettL-iiou, kate-oo' (Fr.) QueuiUe, la, lii ketilj' or keVi' (Fr.) Quibcron, ki-be-rong' (Fr.) (Juibo, k'i'ljo (S. Am.) isl. Quickborn, kwik'born (Den) (^uiliniari ki'li-ma-ii' (S. Am ) r. {^uilla, ki'ya or k'il'ya (Mex.) Qudiiias, kil'mas (Pen.) Quiuisdal, kwi'nis-dale' (Sc. Pen.) r Quinnebaug, kwin-ne-baug' (U. S.) Qiiiniiipiac, kwin-nip'i-ak (U. S.) Quintana, kin-'a'na (Ptn.) Qintanar, kin-tii-nar' (Pen.) Quititen, kwin'ten (Switz ) Quipar, ki-par' (Pen.) r, Quito, ki'io (S. Am.) Qunge, kwo-ue (U.S.) Quoregnon, ko-reii-jong' (Netb.) Quorra, kttor'ra (AI".> Raab, riibc (Austr.) Ilaab, rabe (Austr.) r. Raabjerg, ro'bier^ (Den.) Raalfe, riilil'le (Netli.) Rabanera, ra-ba-ne'ra (Pen.) Rabbato, riib-bii'to (It.) Rabbi, ral/l)i (i',) r. Rabozee, ra'ijo-ze' (Nt'tli.) Racliea, raslie (Fr.) Racine, ra-cine' (U. S.) Raconitz, ra'ko-nits' (Austr.) Rada, rii'da (Sc. Pen.) Radeburg, ra'de-bppr§ (Gev.) Radenfortli, ra'deii-fort (Ger ) Radkersburg, ral'kers-lipur^' (Austr) Radnorsliire. rad'nor-sliire (Eng ) Radoe, ra'deli (Sc. Pen.) isl. Radogast, ra'do-giist (Ger.) Badolfzell, ni'dolf-tsel (Ger.) Radom, ra'doiu (R.) lUdomyst, ra'do-mislit (Austr ) Radomzyl. ra'dom-zile (It. and Austr.) Radona, ra-do'tia (Pen.) Radouia, la-du'ui-a (R.) Radowitz, ra'dO-vits (Prus.) Radsse, rat'tse (Netb,) Radstadt, riit-stat (Austr ) Radynmo. rii-dim'no (Austr.) Ragaz, ra'gats (Switz.) Ragusa, ra-gpp'za (Austr ) Ralide, ra'de'(Ger.) Rabden, la'deii (Ger.) Railway, rah'wa (U. S.) RHJpootaua, ra,)-])pp-ta'na (Ind) Rakolaks, ra'Ko-iaks (R.) Rakos, ra'kos (Austr.) Raleigb, ra'Ie (U. S.) Ramab, ra'mali (Af ) miss. sla. Raniapno, ra -ma-pp' (U. is.) Ranibla, raiu'bla (Pen.) Rambnuiltct, rang-boo-'i-ye' or lang-bool-ve' (Fr.) ■■ ■ • •" Ramillies, ra-mil-yi' (Netb) Ramla, riim'Ia (It.) Ramsele, riim'se-le (Sc. Peu.) Ramscn, riim'sen (Switz ) Ranapuogeru, ra'uii-pppng'ern (R.) Ranees, rangse (Switz.) Rancburio, la, la riin-clie-ii'o (Mex.) Ranclio, rau'clio (Mex.) Banco, raii'ko (S. Am.) I. Randa, ran'da, (Switz.) Randasso, riiu-das'so (It.) Randers, ran'ders (Den ) Randers Fjord, riin'ders fiord (Den.) Ranea, ra'ne-a (Sc. Pen ) Ranea, ra'ne-a (Sc. Peu.) r. Rangoon, rang-goon' (Ind.) Raniczow, ra-ni'ciio (Auslr.) Ransel, The, rau'zel (Neth.) Rauu, la-npp' (Austr.) Ranuzzi, rii-nppL'dii (It.) Ranzau, riint'sou (Den ) Raon I'Etape, riibug' le tape' (Fr.) Rapallo, fii-pal'io (It.) Rapita, rii-pi'ta (Pen) Rapola, rii-po'la (It.) Rapos, rii'pos (Austr.) r. Rappahaunock, rap-pa-ban'nnck (U. S.) Rappersweiler, rap'persh-vi'Icr (Switi:.) Rantau, rar'i-tau (U. S.) Raron, ra-rong' (Switz.) Rasaculm, ra za-koplm' (It.) o. Rascbow, riisli'o (Prus.) Rasigerbi Point, rii-zi'-jer'b'i (It.) Rasquera, ras-ke'ra (Peu.) Rastadt, liis'tat (Ger.) Rastede, ras-tG'de (Ger.) Rastekais, riis'tc-kis (Sc. Pen.) mt. Ratcha, rat'tclia (U.) Ratbenau, ra'te-nnu (Prus.) Raiisbon, or Regensberg, rii'tU-bpn (Ger.) Ratoncau, rii-to-nu' (Fr.) Rattan, ral-tiiti' (Mex.) 15^. Ratzebuhr, ral'sc-bpor (Prus ) Ratzeburg, riiL'se-bpprg (Den.) Raven, ra'ven (Sc, Pen.) r. Ravenna, rii-veu'na (It.) Ravensburg, ra'veus-bpprg (Ger.) Ravenstein, rii'sen-stine (Netb.) Ravna Gora, rav'na go'ra (Austr) Rawa, ra'va (Austr.) Raweiler Pass, ra-\i'ier (Switz.) Raycza, ri'tcba (Austr.) Rayubam, rane'liam (U. S.) Razes, raze (Fr.) Razvalniji, riiz-viil-niji (R) Ue, re (Fr.) isl. Reading, red'djng (Eng. and U. S.) Real, Porto, pur'to rc'-aL' (Braz.) Reale, re-ii'le (It.) int. Realego, re-ii-le'go (Mex ) Realniunt, re-iil-mOiig' (Fr.) Fate far fall what bat • Mete, prey, Leip, th6re, her; Pine, marine, bird, fig ; Note, d6ve, mo\e, wpU", book, lord ; 1 uuc, bull. l|.nitc; Fr. long vflc ; " ' ' ' 489 PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Rel)olossa, re-l>5-lds'sa (Pen.) Ria Muros y Noya. ri'a moo'ros i no'ya (Feu.) Rohilcund, ro-liil-kunil' (Ind.) Recco, rek'ko (Ir.) Ria Retanzes, ri'a re-tiiu'tbos (Peu.) Rohrbacb, rore'liiich (Switz) Recherclie, Archipelago of the, re-sher^h Ria Vigo, ri'a vi'go (Pen.) Rohrbninn, rore'broon (Ger.) (Austral.) Riace, ri-a'tcbe (It.) Rokitzan, ro'kii-sau''( Austr.) Recogue, re-kooy' (Netb.) Riauo, ri-a*no "(It.) Rokko Point, rok'ko (It.) Recousse, re-koos' (Fr.) Riazau, ri-a'zaii (R.) Rulde, rol'de (Neth.) Redou, re-dong' (Fr.) Ribadavia, ri-ha'da-ri'a (Pen.) Rolduc, role-diik' (Neth.) Redondela, re-don'dc-la (Pen.) Ribadeo, ri-bii-de*o (Pen.) Rolgesbuttel, rolgesse-hilt'tel (Ger.) Redoudo, re-doii'do (Pen.) Ribas, n'bjis (Pen.) RoUe rol'le (Switz.) Redondo, re-dou'do (S. Am.) mt. Ribav, le, le ri-ba' (Fr.) Rom, roine (Den ) isl. Reekbergeu, vfik'ber'geu (Nelb.) Ribe, ri be (Deu.) Roma, ro'ma (Sc. Pen.) Reer, r^re (Deu.) hi. Ribecourt, ribe-koor' (Fr.) Roma, or Rome, ro'ma (It.) Reest, rSste (Netb.) r. Ribera, ri-be'ra (It.) Romagna, rO-man'ya (It.) Reel?, rets (Priis.) Ril)nitz, rip'nits (Ger.) Romagnauo, ro-man-ya'no (It.) Refugio, re-fpo'iibi-o (Mcx.) Richebeu, ri-sbe-lieti' (Can.) Romala, ro-nui'la (Tiir.) Refugio, el, elre-foo'chi-o (Mes ) Richteuberg, riih'ten-berg (Prus.) Romammotiers, ro-mam-mo-ti-e' (Switz.) Rega^ re'ga (Prus.j r. Richtensweiler, rich'tens-vi'ler (Switz ) Ronianel, ro-ma-uel' (Switz.) Regalbulo. re-giirboo-lu (It.) Ricote, ri-ko'te (Pen.) Romanov, ro-raa'nov (R ) Regen, rti'gea (Gerj' Ridean, ri-do' (Can,) I. Romauova, ro-mii-no'va (R ) Regeiisberg, or Uatlsbon, r6'gens-ber^ (Ger.) Riego, ri-e'go (Pen.) Romans, romang (Fr.) Rcgeusperg, r^'geria-perg (Switz.) Riel, rile (Netli.) Rome, or Roma, rome (It.) Regenweisze, r6-gea-wis'se (Ger.) r. Riera, ri-e'ra (Me.\.) Romisborn, ro'mis-borne' (Switz.) Reggio, red'jo (It.) Riesengebirge, n'zeu-ge-bir'ge (Austr.) Romont, ro-mong' (Switz.) Rebna, re'na (Pru3.) Rieti, ri-e'ii (It.) Romorantin. ro-mo-riing-tang' (Fr.) Rehoboth, re-ti6'both (U. S.) Rienpeyroux, ricti-pa-roo' (Fr.) Romos, ro'mns (Swilz.) Reichenau, ri'dhe-nou (Switz.) Riga, ri'ga or ri'ga (11.) Romsdal, roms'diile (Sc. Pen.) Reicbenbach, ri'cben-baib (Switz. Ger. aud Risjhiber-r, ri'gi-berg (Switz.) Roubo, ron'bo (R.) /. Pru3.) Riile. rile (Fr.) r. Roncas, ron'kas (Pen.) Reicbenberg, ri'6beu-ber§ (Austr.) RUvas, ril'vas (Ptu.) Roucesvalles, ron'thesse-val'yesse (Pen.) ReiehensteiD, n'cben-stiue (Prus.) Rima Stombath, ri'ma atum'bafe (Austr.) Rouciglione, ron-tchii-yo'ne (It.) Reichsbofeu, riilis'bi'feu (Fr.) Rimini, ri'mi-ni (It.) Ronco, ron'ko (It.) Reifnitz, rife'Dits (Auetr.) Rimouski, ri-niops'ki (Can.) Roncq, rougk (Fr.) Reigoh^veiler, ii'g.,>lts-n'ler (Switz.) Rimouski, ri-moos'ki (Can.) r. Ronda, ron'da (Pen.) Rcinwasser, rine-vas'ser (Prus.) Riniout, ri-nioo' (Fr.) Roudout, ron-dout' (U. S.) Reisenburg, ri'zeii-boorg (Prus) Rimpa, rim'pa'(Ger ) Ronkebye, ronk'e-bii (Den.) Rcismarkt, ris'markt (Austr.) Rinaldo, ri-uiil'do (It.) isl. Ronne, rgu'ne (Sc- Pen.) Reiss, Tis (Ger.) Ringerbruck, riuii'er-bmk (Netb.) Ronueby, ron'ne-bft (Sc. Pen.) Rekkcm, rek'kem (Xetb.) Ringkjocbing Fjord, ring'kieti-biugh fiord Ronqiiillo, el, el ron-kil'yo (Pen.) Rema, re'ma (Gr.) c. (Den.) Roode Kruis, ro'de krois (Netli.) Remete, re-me'te (Austr.) Ringoes, riu'goca (U, S.) Ruon, rone (Netb.) Reniicb, re'Dii^h (Neth.) Riiigsager, rings'a-ger (Sc. Pen.) Ropezyce, ro'pe-slu'tse (Austr.) Remiremont, re-raire-mOug' (Fr.) Ringvaldsoe, ring'valds-e^ (Sc. I'en.) Roquefort, rok-fore' (Fr.) Remmath, reru'niate (Ger.) Rinue, riu'ne (Neth.) Roquelas ro-ke'tas (Pen ) Remus, re'moos or re-mu' (Switz.) Rinsumageest, riu'soo-mii-geste' (Neili) Roquevaire, roke-vare' (Fr.) Remusat, re-hiu-za' (Fr.) Rio Grande do Norte, ri'o"'gran'de do uor'te Rosa, ro'za (It.) isl Reua, re'na (Gr.) c. (Braz.) Rosa de Castilla, ro'sa de ka-stil'va or ki- Renac, re-uak' (Fr.) Rio Janeiro, ri'o 6ba-m'ro (Braz.) sti'ya (Mex.) Renau, re'nou (Switz.) Rio Negro, ri'o ne'gro (Braz.) Rosa Monte, ro'za mon'te (It.) Renco, ren'ko (It.) r. Rio Tigre, ri'o ti'gre (Mex.) Rosario, ro-za'ri-o (It ) Rendek, ren'dfike (Austr.) Riocahado, n'6-ka-ba'do (Pen.) Rosario, ro-sa'ri-o (Mex) r. Rendiburg. reiids'boorfi (Den.) Riocorbo, rVo-kor'bo (Peu.) Rosario, el, el ro-sa'ii-o (Mex.) Reuesse, renesse' (Netb.) Rioja, ri-o'^ha (Pen. and S. Am.) Rosart. ro-ziire' (Netb.) Reuiuglie, re'niug-e (Netli.) Riolobos, ri'O-Io'bos (Pen.) Rosas, ro'siis (Pen.) g. Reubgen, ren'li-gen (Switz.) Rioni, ri-o'ni (K.) r. Roscommon, ros'kom-niou, (Ir.) o. Rennen, reo'nen (R) Riposto, ri-pos'to (It.) Rosenau, ro'ze-nou (Austr.) Reiincs, rfine (Fr.) Rishnge, ris'ling-e (Den.) Rosenberg, ro'zen-berg (Austr. Prus. Ger.) Reno, re'no (It.) r. Riizebuttel, rii'se-but'tci ^Ger ) Rosenbmg, ro'zen-boorg (Prus.) Rensselaer, ren-sel-lere' (U. S.) Riva, ri'va (It,) Rosendal,^ro'zen-dale'' (Sc. Pen.) Reiiswoude, rens'vou-de (Netb.) Rivalgo, ri-val'go (It.) Rosenheim, ro'zen-bime' (Ger.) R^obe, la, la re-g-Ii' (Fr.) Riviere a Jacques, ri-vi-fire' a jak (U- S.) Rosenbolm, ro'zen-bolm' (Deu.) Reparala, re-pa-ra'ta (It.) Rivoli. ri'v6-li (It.) Rosetta, ro-sel'ta (Kg.) Requena, re-ke'na (Pen.) Roanoke, ru'noke (U. S ) Rosi, ro'zi (It.) mi. Rcquilego, re-ki-le'go (Pen.) Robbe Sand, rob't.e siiud (Neth.) Rosignol, ro-zin-yol' (Can) /. Re53 Ness, re^^se iiasse (Den.) Robecbies, robe-shi' (Netb.) Rosla, rgs'la (Ger.) r. Reuben, ru'ben (Pal.) Robigen, ro'bi-geu (Switz.) Ross (sliire) and Cromarty, krom'ar-ty (Scot.) Reucli, roi^b (Ger.) r. Robillante, ro-hil-lan'te (It.) Rossa, ros'sa (Switz.) 1 Reuss, roiss (Ger.) Robleda, ro-ble'da (Pen.) Rossano, ros-sa'no (It.) 1 Reuss, roiss (Switz.) r. Koc St. Andro, le, le rok sang iing-dro' (Fr^ Rossbach, ros'bach (Prus.) ReutbUngen, roil'liug-en (Ger.) Roca, ro'ka (Pen.) c. Rossignol, ros-sin-yol' (Netb.) Revel, re'vel (R.) Roca, 111, la ro'ka (Pen.) Rossiui^re, ros-si-ni-ftre' (Switz ) Revellata, re-vel-la'ta (It.) c. Roct-a Contrado, rok'ka kon-tra'do (It.) Rostock, ros'tnb (Ger.) Revigny, re-viu-p' (Fr.) Rocca Iniperiale. rok'ka im-pe-ri ti'le (It.) RotH, ro'ta (Pen.) RevUIa, re-vil'ya or re-\ii'ya (Pen. Mex ) Rocca Partida, rok'ka par-ti da (Mex ) isl. Rotels, ro'iels (Switz.) R^y, le, le re-V or re (Fr.) Roccelln, rOt-tcbel'U (It.) Roth, lote (Ger. Switz.) Key, Villa Nova del. 'vil'ya noVa del ri (Braz.) Roche, la, lii rosbe (Fr. Netb.) Rothaus, rote'lious (Ger.) Reyes, re'yesse (Mex. S. Am.) Rochechouart, roslie-sboo-iii-e' (Fr) Rothenbacli, ro'ten-baili (Ger.) Reye?, re'yesse (Mes.) r. Rochefort, rosbc-ture' (Fr. and Netb.) Rothenberg, ro'ten-berg (Prus.) Rlieda, re'da (Ger.) Rochefoucault, ros)ie-foo-kn' (Switz) /. Rotlienbrnun, ro'ten-broon' (Switz.) Rbeenen, rCueu (Netb.) Rocbelle, la, la ro-sb»^l'(Vr.) Rotbenburg, ro'ten-boorg (Ger.) Rbeiras. rangse or riais (Fr.) Rocbemaure, ':usbe-ni6re' (Fr.) Rotbenlburm, ro'teu-toorm' (Switz.) Rlicin, or Rl.iue, riue (Prus. Netb.) Roebetia, la, la ro-ket'ta (It.) Kotoudo, ro-ton'tlo (It.)' Rbein, or Rbiiie, nue (Prus. Netb. Ger) r. Rocka\vay, rok'a-way (U. S.) Rotondo, rO-ton'do (It.) mt. Rlieinau, ri'nou (Switz.) Rockbridge, rok'bridge (U. S.) Rotterdam, rot'ter-dam' (Neth.) Kbeine, rine (Ger.) Rockenbauseu, rok'keu-hou'zen (Gcr.j Rottum, rgt'toom (Neth.) Rlieinek, li'nek (Switz.) Roda, ro'da (Sc. Pen.) Rouen, rog-dng' (Fr.) RUeiufall, jine'fiil (Switz.) Rodome, rO'do-me (Sc. Pen ) Rouge, rooge (Fr.) Htieinfelden, riuc'iel-den (Sivitz.) Roekel, rok kel (Neth.) Rouilbac,' rgol->iik or roo-i-yak' (Fr.) Rbeiulbal, riue'iale (Switz.) Roer, roor (Netli.) r. Roulaus, rgo-liing (Fr.) Rheinwald, ilne'valt (Switz.) Roeraas, relir us (Sc Pen.) Rou?iUou, i-oo-zil (-zj-) youg' (Fr.) Rbin, Lower, rang (Fr.) dep. RoeskUde, rOs'kjl-dc (D^n.) Rousses, les,' le roos (Fr.) Rbin, Upper, rang (Fr.) dep. Roga^u;ila, rO-ga-goo-a'la (S. Am.) l Rouville, roo-viltf' (Can.) Rbine, or Rliein, rine (Netb.) r. Roggeuberg, rog'gen-berg (Switz.) Rovanemi. ro-vii-ne'mi (R.) Rhine (Bavarian), rine (Ger.) Roggeveld.^Aiit'er, aiili'ler rog'ge-felt' (Af ) Rovecn, ro-vfine' (Neth.) Rliine, Lower, Grand Uuchy of, line (Ger.) Roggeveld, Bergen, ber'jfen rog'ge-lelt' (Af.) Roverbella, ro-ver-bel'la (It.) Rhodes, or Riiodus, rOdes (Tur.) isl. Roggeveld, Karro, kar'ro rog'ge-felt' (Af.) Roveredo, ro-ve-re'do (Austr. Switz.) RbOne, rone (Fr.) Jrp. RoggeveUi. Klein, kline rol'ge-felt' (Af.) Rovigno, r6-\in'yo (Austr.) Rhftne, Mouths of tlie, rone (Fr.) r. Roggeveld, Middtl, mid'del rog'ge-felt' (Af.) Ro\-igo, ro-vi'go (It.) I Rh6ne, Mouths of the. roue (Fr) dep. Ro.iliiino, rol-ya'uo (It.) Roville, ro-vile' (Fr.) I Ria Arosa, ri'a a-rO'sa (Pen.) Robau, rO-aug' (Fr.) Roxburgh, rox'hurgh (Scot.) co. Fr. short but ; Fr long eu, short en, as in spiu- Fiual ly, Fr-lmoudl^; An "ger, vi"ci0U3, g«s siu p 490 easure; g ch guttural; uy Uquid; th as iu pilh. i 1 "I 1 PKONTJNCIATION OF MODEKN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Roxen, irot-h-en' (Pen.) 1. Sachsen-Altenburg, ziik'sen arten-bpprg(Ger.) St. Croce, siin kro'clie (It ) Roxo, lo'cho (Mcx.) c. Sachseu-Coburg-Gollia, zak'sen ku'bo'ori[ go'ta St. Croix, sang krv\a"{Switz.) Roya, ro'va (It.) r. (Ger.) St. Cruz, san'ta krpptb (I'ln. Mex S, Am.) St. Dalmazo, san'ta "dal-ma'dzo (It.) ' Roye, rwii (Fr.) Sachseuhauseu, ziik'zen-liou'zen (Ger.) ■ Bozaus, lo-zang' (Fr.) Sachsen-Meiuini^eii, zak'sen nu'uing-en (Ger.) St. Dalmazzio, siin'ta dal-mat'zi-o (It.) St. Denis, sang de-ni' (Fr Switz.) St. Didier, sang d'l-di-e' (Fr.) Rozas, laa, lag ro'tliiis (Pen) Sachsen-Weimar, zak'sen-vi'mar (Ger ) Rozendaal, ro-zen-dale' (Neth.) Sacile, sa'chi-Ie (It.) Rozuelo, i6-tlioo-e'lo (Peu.) Saco, sa'ko (U. S.) St. Diego, san d]-e'go'(Mex.) Uubano, roo-ba'np (Pen ) Sacramento, sa-krii-meu'to (Mex.) St. Dizier, sang di-zi-e' (Kr.) Rubenateiii,' roo'ljeu-sline' (Pius.) Sado, sa'Uo (Pen.) r. St, Domiano, san do-mi-ii'mi Rubielos, rop-'lii-e'los (Peu.) Sadoguta, sii-do-goo'ra (Austr.) St. Domingo, ean (sang) do-min'go (Braz. Mcx. S. Am.) Rubiera, roo-bi-e'ra (It.) Rueello, roo-tcliel'Io (It.) Saehy, sa'bu (Den.)' Saengerhauseii, zaiig'er-hou'zen (Prus.) St. Domingo, or Hayti, saint do-uiin'go. ha'ti i Rucine, rp'o-tcla'ne (It.) Safi, sa'fi (It.) (W. Ind.) Rucky, rook'ki (Austr.) Saghalieu, sag-ha'li-en (As ) St. Domingo de la Calzadn, siin du-niin'go de la kal-thji'do (Pen.) " Rudkjobirig, rfid'kieu'bingli (Den.) Siiginaw, sa-i'i-aaw (U. S.) Rudolstadt, rpo'dgla-stat (Ger.) Sagone, sa-go'ne (It.) g. St. Donino, siin do ni'no (It.) Rueda, roo-e'iJa (Pen) Sagra, sa'gra (Pen.) mt. St. Donna, siin'ta doti'na (It.) Rueda de PArairante, roo-e'da de la m'i-ran'te Saguenay, sag-na' (Cau.) St, Kleazorio, san e-le-ii-ttO' (-so') ri-o (Mex ) (Pen.) . ■ - - Saguntum. sa-goou'Lopm (Pen ) St. Elena, san e-le'na (I'en. S. Am.) Ruegno, roo-eu'yo 0-^-) Saguria, s; -goo'n-a (Austr.) St. Elisabetta, siiu e-Ii-sii-bet'ta (It.) St. Endre, san en'dre (Austr.) St. Erga, sankt er'ga (K.) RueUe, ru-file' (Fr.) Saliara, 8!i-ha'ra (A1.) Ruexas, Casto de, kas'to de rog-e'dlias (Pen.) Sahl, zale (Ueu.) Rugeu, rfl,'geu (Prus.) isl. Said, sa-id' (Kg.) St. Esprit, Pont, sang lesse-pri' (Fr.) Rugenwalde, rft'gen-vaPde (Prus.) Saignes, sany' (Fr.) St. Ecienne, sang te-u-fine' (Fr.) Ruggisberg, rpog'gis-berg (Switz.) Saillon, sal-youg' or sai-yong' (.'^witz.) St. Eulalie, siin'ta e-po-la'Ii-e (Pen.) Rugiero, roo-ji-e'ro (It.) Sailly de la Somme, siil-yi (sai-yi) de la some' St. Eustntius, u-slii'siii-us (W. lud.) isL Ruhr, roor (Ger.) r. (Fr.) St. Fe, san'ta fe (S, Am.) 1 Ruhwardca, rop'var-den (Ger.) St. Afrique, sang ta-frike' (Tr.) St. Felices el Cliico, san fe-li'tbesse el tch'i'ko Ruigliuizum, riiigboi'zoom (Nctb.) St. Agr^ve, saug ta-grfive' (Fr.) (Pen.) Uuiuas, roM'nJia (Mcx.) St. Alberto, san al-ber'to (It.) St. Felipe, sang fe-lipe' (Mex ) Ruinerwoid, roi'uer-vold' (Xeth.) St, Alessio, siin a-les'si-o (It.) St. Fernando, san fer-nan'do (Mex. Pen.) Rum, room (Austr.) St. Amaud, saug ta-raang' (Fr.) St. Fernando, silver-mines, siiu fer-nan'ilo Ruma, i'oo'ma (Austr) St. Amans, sang tii-mang' (Fr.) (S. Am ) Rumberg, room'berg (Austr.) St. Amantes, sang ta-mangt' (Netli ) St. Fiorenza, san f'i-o-ren'dza (It.) Rumilla, roo-'niil'la (Tur.) St. Ambioix, sang tiing-brwa' (Fr.) St. Florent, sang flo-riing' (Fr.) Rumligen, Voom'li-gen (Switz.) St. Amour, sang ta-mppi-' (Fr.) St, Fiorentin, sang flO-riing-tang' (Fr.) Rumtnelsburg, rpom'mels-bpgrg (Prus.) St. Ana, sin'ta a'na (Mex.) St. Flour, sang floor (Fr) Runafer, rnn-na'ver (R.) St. Andeol le Buurg, sang tiing-de-Ole' le St. Fous, sang fong (Fr.) Runeii, roo'nen (Neth.) boor (Fr.) St. Francisco, siin triin-this' (sis') ko (Mex) Ruoti, rpo-o'Li (It.) St. Andiol, sang tang-di-6le' (Fr.) St. Francisco, siiu fran-this' (-sis') ko(Mex.)r. Rupelnidnde, roo'pel-mgn'de (Ketli.) St. Andr6, sang tiing-dre' (Fr.) St. Francisco de la Silla, siin fran-thia' (-sis') Rusi, roo'zi (Austr.) St. Andrea, sJia iin-dre'a (It.) c. & isL ko de lii sil'ya (si'ya) (Mex.) Russ, roos (Prus.) St. Angelo, san an'je-lo (It.) St. Francisco Xavier, siin friin-this' (-sis') Russ, rpos (Prus.) r. St. Antioco, san an-ti-o'ko (It.) isl. ko 5tiii-vi-er' (Mcx.) Russia, Asiatic, rppa'sliia or rus'slna St. Antonio, siin au-to'ni-o (Mex. Pen.) St. Francois, sang frauLj-swii' (Can.) Russia, European,' rpos'sliia or rus'sliia St. Antonio, san an-to'ni-o (Mex.) r. St Gabriel, siin ga'bii-el (Mex,) Russian Territory, i'ooa'siiian or rus'shian St. Antonio de la Ilucrta, situ au-tO'ni-o de St. Gallen, ziinkt gal'leu (S«itz ) (N. Am.) liioo-er'ta (Mex.) St. Gaudens, sang go-daiig' (Fr.) Russoczyn, roos-sotcli-me' (Prus.) St. Autonius, zankt iin-to'm-pps (Neth.) St. Gauitier, sang go-i-ti-e' (Fr.) Russweiler. roos'vi'ler (Switz.) St. Arnould, sang tar-noo' (Fr ) St. Genevieve, san^ sbe-ne-\i-6ve' (Fr.) Ruti, roo'ti (Switz ) St. Aubin, sang t6-baug'"(Fr. Switz.) St. Geuis, sang slie-ni' (Fr.) Rutli, or Grutli, rut'li (Switz.) St. Aurica, san ou'ri-ka (It ) c. St. George, siin 6he-6r'6be (S. Am ) RuTis, rpo'vis (Switz.) St. Avertin, sang la-ver-tang' (Fr.) St. Georges, sang shorstie (Fr.) Ruvo, rdu'vo (It.) St. Avit, sang ta-vi' (Fr.) St. Geraud, sang she-rang (Fr.) Ruyssele'iie, rois'sel-le'de (Netli) St. Avoid, eang ta-vo' (Fr.) St. Gerard, sang she-riire' (Fr.) Rykevorsel, li'ke-for'sel (Neth ) St. Barbara, siin bar-l)a'ra (Pen. Mex.) St. Germain, sang eber-mang' (Fr.) Rvnarzewo, ri'nar-ze'vo (Prus.) St. Barlolome, aan bar-to-lu-me' (Peu.) St. Germain en Lozeie, sang sher-mang' ang Rys, ni3 (Sc. Peu.) l. St. Bartolomeo, san bar-to-lo-nie'o (It.) iu-zfire' (Fr.) Rjsbergeu, ris'ber'gen (Xeth.) St. Benedetto, siin be'ue-det'to (It.) St. Germain Lambron, sang slier-niang' liing' Ryssen, lis'sen (Netb.) St. Benediclo, siin be-ne-dik'to (Mex.) brong' (Fr-) Ryswjk, hsMke (Neth.) St. Beneveuto, san b(;-ue-ven'to (It.) St. Benin, sang be-uauij' (Fr.) St. Germain sur Seine, sang sher-roaug' siir sane (Fr.) S. St. Benito, siiu be-m'to (Mex.) isl. St. Geronino, san 6 he- to- ni'no (Mex ) isl. St. Bernard, sang ber-nare' (It. Switz.) mt. St. Giacomo, san ji-a-kO mo (Switz.) St. Bernardo, san ber-nar'do (Mex.) b. St. Giles, sanggilc (Neth.) Saaksumiiuisen, sake'soom-boiz'eu (Neth). St. Blaiu, sang blang (Fr.) St. Gilles, sang gily (gi-i) (Fr.) Saal, zale (Ger.) r. St. Blaise, sang blaze (Switz.) St. Gioiufiore, siin jm-iii-ti-6're (It. ) Saaia, za'la (Ger.) r. St. Bias, san bias (Mex.)y^ St, Giorgio, san jior'jio (It.) Saalburg, zale'bopr^ (Ger.) St. Blasien, zankt bla'zi-en (Ger.) St. Giuvani, siin jiu-va'm (It.) Saale, za'je (Prus.) r. St. Braix, sang bra (Switz.) St. Giovanni, eiiu jio-van'ni (It.) Saalfeld, zale'felt (Prus Ger) St. Braucbier, sang brang-slii-e' (.Switz.) St. Giovanni di Sallaro, siiu jio-van'ni di sal- Saane, or Sariue, za'ue (Switz.) St. Bras, eiin bras (Pen.) la'ro (It,) Saanen, zii'ueu (Switz.) St. Braz, Siin brath (Pen.) St. Giraldo, san ch'i-ral'do (Pen.) Saarbruck, zare'briik (Gei.) St. Brice, sang brisse (Fr.) St. GiroDS, sang gi-rong' (Fr.) Saarburg, zare'boorg (Ger) St. Brieue, sang bn-eV (Fr.) b. St. Gmliano, san ji o-h-a'no (It.) Saariarvi, siUri-ar'vi (R.) St. Bns, sang bri (Fr ) St. Goar, zankt go'ar (Ger.) Saarloui^, sare-Ipp-V (Ger.) St, Buenaventura, siin booc-na-ven-too'ra St. Gotliard, ziiukt gpt'liart (Switz) mt. Baas, ZEIS (Switz.) (Mex.) St. Guisto, siin gwis'lo (It.) Sabana, »a-bii' (-rk') na (S. Am ) St. Calais, sang kii-la' (Fr.) St. Gyargy, jarj (Auslr ) Sabancui, sii-han-kop-i' (Mex.) St. Canat, sang ka-ua* (Fr.) St. Heereubrock, zankt lie'ren-brok' (Neth.) Sabbianetta, sab-bi-a-nel'ta (It.) St. Carlos, san kar'los (Mex.) St, Helena, san'ta e'le-na or hel-e'na (Af.) ial. Sabiue, sa-bi'ne (Mex.) /. & r.; sa-biuc' (Eng ) St. Carlos del Monterrey, san kiir'los del St. Helena Tunnara, sau'ta e'le-na lou-na'ra SabioQcella, sa-bi-on-tchella (Austr.) mon-ter-ri' (Mex.) (It.) Sabium, ea'lji-oom (It.) St, Catalnia, siin ka-ta-li'ua (Mex.) ul. St. Helene, sang te-16ne' (Fr) Sable, siibl (Fr.) St. Calbariua, san ka-tiii-ri'na (Braz ) St. Helier, sang te-li-e' (Fr ) Sables d'Olonue, sabl do-loue' (Fr.) St. Catharine, san ki-la-ri'ne (S. Am.) St. Hermite, sang ter-mite' (Fr.) Sabroso, sa-bro'so (Pen ) St. Celoni, san the-lO'ni (Pen ) St. Hitaire, sang ti-lare' (Fr.) Sacauduga, SEukau-da'ga (U. S) St. Cliamand, sang slia-niiing' (Fr,) St. Hubert, sang ta-ber' (Neth.) Sacarappa, sa-ka-rap'pa (U. S.) St. Chaniond sang sha-moug' (Fr.) St. Hyacinthe, sang ti-a.-sangt' (Can) Sacnttcoluco, sa-ka'tt-kO-loo'ko (Mex.) St, Chiuian, sang slii-ni-aug' (Fr.) St, Hypolite, sang ti-p6-lite' (Fr ) Sacco, sak'ko (It.) St. Clair, sang klare (I'r.) St. lago, siin ^la'go (W. Ind.) Sacco, sak'ko (It.) r. St. Clemens, zankt kle'mens (Den.) St. Ignacio, siin ig-nii'thi (-si-) o (Mex.) Sacconex, eak'ko-neks (Switz.) St. Cltmente, siin kle-men'te (Mex.) isl. St. Ines, san'ta i'nesse (Mex.) Sacedon, sa-the-dou' (Pen.) St. Clemente Volcano, siiu kle-men'te \ol- St. Inier, sang ti-ni-e' (Switz.) Sacer, sa-tclier' (It.) ka'uo (S. Am.) St. Jacob, ziinkt ya'kpb (Netb.) Saceruela, sa-tlier'ne-la (Pen.) St. Cloud, sang kloo (Fr.) St. Jacquts, sang shiik (Fr.) Sachseu, or Saxouy, zak'seu, sax'o-ny (Ger. St. Coloma, siui ko-IO'ma (Pen.) St. Jean, sang sbiiiig (Fr.) Prus.) St. Colombe, sang ku-lOngb' (Fr.) St. Jean d'Augcly, sang shiing dangsh-li' (Fr.) Fate, far, fall, what, hat i Wetc, prey, help, th Sre, her; Pine, maiaae, b\rd, fig; Note, dOve, move, v, 491 plf, book, lord ; Tune, bijll, unite; Fr. long \-11e; " 1 PROXUN"CIATrO>r OF MODEKX GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. St. Jeaa Dar, saog sliliig da (Fr) St. Jean de Gard, sang sUang de »iir (Fr.) St. Jean Pied de Port, saug sbang pie de pore (Fr.) St. Joaninho, sao clio-a-uin'o (Pen.) St. Joao, san cUo-a'o (Pen.) St. Joao de Foz, san dho-a'o de foih (Pen.) St. Joao de Sines, ean cbo-a'o de a'nesse (Pen.) St. Joaquim, sau cbo-H'kTm (Mex) St. Jolian, zankt yo-ban' (Deo. A.uslr.) St. Jobann. zankt yo-hau' (Austr.) St Jooris Weert, zankt yo'ris verte (Neth.) St. Jorge, siin clior'ctie (Pen.) St. Jorge de Ulancho, san clior'fhe de 5-lan'- tcho (Mex.) St Jose, san clio'se (Me.x.) St Jose de Preiuas, san cho'se de pre'mas (Me.t.) St. Jo:e de Tamoalipan, fiiin £bo'se de ta'mo- a-li-pan' (Mix.) St. Josef, san cLo'sef (Mex.) St. Jouan, saug sboo-aug' (Fr.) St Jouin, sang shoo-ang' (Fr ) St Juan, sau chpi>-an' (Mex.) St. Juan fiaplista, san choo-au' bap~tis'ta (Mex.) St. Juan Baptista, &aa cboo-an' bap-tis'ta (Mex.)m/. St-Juriude Nicaragua, san c1ioo-aa' de m- ka-ra'goo-a (Mex.) St. Juan de Clua, san cboo-an' de ooloo-a (Mex.) St. Juanico, san c!ioo-a-m*ko (Mex.) ul. St. Julias, sau choo'l'i-as (Pen.)//. St. Julien, sang sliu-liang' tFr.) St Julien du Vourvanles, saug gbu-fiang' du Toor-vangt' (Fr.) St Juiieu le Cbap, saog sbil-Haug' le sba (Ft.) St Just, sang sl.ust (Fr.) St. Justa, san'ta ioos'ta (It) St. Kirab, zankt ki'ra (Austr.) St. KoDstantinov, zankt kou-stan-ti-nov' (R.) St. Lambert saug lan^-ber* (Fr) St Lary. sang la-ri' (It.) St Lattier, saug lat-li-e (Fr.) St. Laurent, sang io-rang' (Fr.) St. I^ZiiTO, san la'thii (-sa-) ro (Mex ) c. St Leo, san le'o (It) St. Leonardo, san le-6-nar'do (It and Pen.) St. LaonUard, zankt le'ou-bart (Ssvilz ) St Leonovo, zankt le-^no'vo (R.) St. Lo, saug 15 (Fr.)" St Lorenzo, san 16-ren'iho (-so) (Mex, St. Lorenzo, san io-reu'dzo (It) St. Louis, sang loo i' (Fr. AS.) St Ixiuis, taint loo'is (U. S.) St. Lucur de Uaraiueda, san 109'kar de ba-ra- nie'da (Pen.) St Lucar de Guadlana, saa 190'kar de goo-a- di-a'na (Pen ) St Lacar la Mayor, saa loo'kar la ma-Tor' (Pen.) St. Lucajt, zankt IcMsTcas (Neth.) c. St Lucia, san'ta loct'llu (-si-) a (Mex ) St Lucida, san'ta loo-chi'da (It) St Lui^ san IwAs (Mex) St Luiz, san loo'itb (-is) (Mex.) St Lussurgiu, sau ioos-soor-joo' (It) St. Maarten, zankt mare'ten (Netb.) St Maddalena, san'ta mad-da-le'na (It) St. Maertens, zaukt mare'teus (^elb.) St Magno, ^an'to man'^o (It ) St Mato, sang ma'lo (Ir.) St Marano, san nia-ra'no (It) St. Marc, pang mark (Fr, W. luJ.) St Marco, san piar'ko <,It ) St. Blarcos, san miir'kos (I'en.) St Margarida, san'ta mar-ga-ri'da (Pen.) St Margarita, sau'ta raar-^a-ri'la (Mex.) Ist. St Mari^, san'ta rua-ri'a (Mex.) St Maria, zankt ma-ri'a (Switz ) St Maria de la Cbarcas, san'ta ma-ii'a de la ctiar'kas (Mex.) St. Maria del Oio, san'ta ma-ii'a del O'ro (Met.) St. Maria di Leuca, san'ta ma-ri'a d] le-oo'ka (It) St. Maria Monte, san'ta ma-ri'a mOn'te (It) St. Marie, sang ma-ri' (Fr) St Mariuo, sau ma-ri'no (It.) St Mnrtcu, zankt niar'ten (Austr.) St Martensdyk, zaukt inar'teu<-dike (Netb.) St. Martin, sang mar-tang' (Fr.) St Martin, zankt mar'tiue (Austr. Sveitz.) St Martin d'Estreaux, sang mar-tang' dcsse- tre-6' (Fr.) St. Martin de Montalli;in, san mar-tin' de mOu-ljJ-ban' (Pen.) St Mateo, sau ma-te'o (Pen.) St .Mattlueii, sang mat-ii-e'ii' (Fr.) St. Maurice, sang mo-risse' ((^n.j St. Maurice, san mou'ri-che (It) St Maurice, sang mo-risse' (Fr. Switz ) St. Mauro, sau mou'ro (It.) St Maxence, Font de, fougdesangma-sangs' (Fr.) St. Melaio, sang me-lang* (Fr.) St. Merino, san me-n'no (It.) St. Michel, saug nn-shel' (Fr.) St Miguel, san mi'iioo-el (Mex. Pen ) St Migulita, san mi-^po-li'ta (Mex ) St Miklos, zankt mi'klos (Austr.) St Moritz, zankt mo'rits (Switz.) St. Kazaire, -sang ua-zare' (Fr.) St Kicolaia, zankt ni-ko-la'ya (Et) St Kico'o, san ni'ko-lo (It.) St Oedenrode, zankt oo'den-ro'Je (Neth ) St Olaya, san'ta 6-Ia'ya (Peu.) St Omer, sang d-mer' (Fr.) St Oreste, sau 6-re*se'te (It.) St. Pablo, san pa bio (Pen. Mex.) St. Palais, sang pa-la' (Fr.) St Pardoux, san^ par-doo' (Fr.) St Paul Cap de Joux, sdng pole kap de shoo (Fr.) St. Paul de Fenouillet, sang pole de fe-nool- ye or fe-nooi-ye (Fr.) St. Paurvels Polder, zankt pour'vela pou'der (Netb) St Payo, sau pa'yo (Pen.) St. Pel sang pe (Fr.) St. Pedro, san pe'dro (Mex.) St. Pedro, san pe'dro Oiex.) 6. and r. St Pere k Vv, saug y^re a vi (Fr.) St Peter, zankt pe'ter (.\ustr.) St. Petersburg, zaukt (saint) pe'ters-boorg or saint pe'ters-lierg (R.) St Piero, san pi-^'ro (It.) St Pierre, saug pi-fire' (Can.) St Pierre dc la Fage, sang pi-4re' de la fage (Fr.) St Pierre, sang pi-fire' (Switz. W. Ind.) St Pol, sang pole (Fr.) St. Pol de Leon, sang pole de le-ong' (Fr.) St Pourcam, saug poor-sang' (Fr) St. Quirico, san kwi-n'ko (It ) St. Rafael, san ra'Hi-el (Mex.) St. Rafael, san ra'fa-el (Mex.) r, St Remo, sau re'mo (It,) St Remy, sang re-mi' (Fr.) St. Romain, sang ro-maug' (Fr.) St Rome, sang roaie (Fr.) St Rome de Cernon, sang rome dc ser-no::g' (Fr) St Rosa, san'ta ro'sa (Mex.) St Rosa, sau'ta rO'sa (Mex.) hi. St Rosario^ san ro-sa'ri-o (Mex.) St. Saba, san'ta sa't'a (Mex.) St. Salia, sau'ta sa'ba (Mex.) ul. St Salvador, sau sal-va-dor' (Mex) St Sapborin, sang sa-fo-rang' (Fr.) St Sauveur, sang so-ve'ilr' (Fr.) St Sebastian, san se-bas-lT-au' (Peu. Met ) St Sebastiao, sau se-bas-ti-a'o (Pen) St Seiue, saug siue (Fr.) St. S^ver, saug se-ver' (Fr.) St Severiua, sau'ta se-ve-ri'na (Tt) St Sdvestre, sang sil-v6str' (Fr.) St. Stefauo, san ste-fa'no (It.) St I'liiebault, sanj ti bo' (Fr) St Tomas, san lo'nias (Mex.) St. Tommaso, san toiu-ma'so (It) b. St Ursaune, sang tdr-saue' (Switz ) St Veit, zaukt vite (Austr.) St Ver Tcbirska, ver tcbirs'ka St. Vilier, sang n-li-e' (Fr.) St Vincent, sang vaug-siing' (Australia, Fr.) St Viucente, san Tin-ihen' (-sen'> le (Mex.) St Vito, san n'to (It.) St Vinens, sang ^T-Ti-ang* (Fr.) St Xaxicr del Bac» sau £ba-n'er del bak (Mex ) Salutes, saugt (Fr ) Saiutonge, sang-tougsh' (¥t.) Sajo St Peter, sa'vo zankt pe'ter (Austr.) S..la, sa'la (It Sc'Pen.) Salama, sa-la'ma (.Mex.) Salamaut-a, sa-Ia-mait'ka (Peu. Mex ) Salamon, za'la-nion (Austr.) Salaudrella, sa-lau-dreHa (It.) Salaa, sa'las (Pen.) Salbris, sal-bri' (Fr.) Salerno, sa-ler'no (It) Salerno, sa-Ier'no (U.) p. Salicetto, sa-li-cliet'to (U.) Saliua, sa-ii'ua (It ) Salinas, sa-ii'nas (Pen ) Salinas de Oricbuela, si-Ii'nas de o-ri-choo- e'la (Pen.) Salinello, sa-Ii-nel'lo (It) r. Saliuo, sa-B'no (Itj r. Sato, sa'lo (It) Salobrena, sa-lo-bre'na (Pen.) Salona, sa-]6'na (Gr ) mt. Salon:ca, sa-lo'ui-ka (Tur.) Salpi, sal'pi (It ) Salpi, saJ'pi (It) /. Sals^ella, sarsa-del'ya (Pen.) Salso, sal'so (It.) r. Salsola, sal'so-Ia (It.) r. Salta, sal'ta (3. Am ) Saltdla, sal-ta'ya or sal-ti'ya (Mex.) Saltillo, sal-til'yo or sal-ii'yo (Mex ) Saltino, sat-ti'uo (It) Salto Ganobo, sal'to ga-no'bo (Peu.) Saltza, zalt'sa (Ger.) r. Saltrburg, zalts'boorg (Austr. Gcr.) Saluzzo, sa-loot'z6 "(It.) Saluzzola, sa-loot'zo-la (It.) Salvador, sal-va-^re' (S. Am.) Salvaterra, sal-va-ter'ra (Pen.) Salvatierra, saUva-ti-er'ra (Pen.) Salza, zitl'tia (Ger.) r. Salzwedel, zalts'\ t-del (Prus.) Samara, sa-ma'ra (R.) Samara, sa-ma'ra (R.) r. Samarang, sam-a-rang* (East. Isl.) Samarcand, sam'ar-kand (As.) Samaria, sa-ma'ri-a (Pal.) Samassi, sa^mas'si (It) Sambre, sam'bre or sangbr (NcIIl) .^ Sampayo^ sam-pa'yo (Pen.) Samre, sangr (Fr.) Samsoe, zam'zell (Deo.) isl. San, zau (Austr) r. San Bonifacio, san bo-ni-fa'cbio (It.) San Boy, san boi (Pen.) Sau Clemente, san kle-men'te (Pen.) San Udefonso, san il-de-fou'so (Pen.) San Juan, sau £lio(Kau' (S. Am.) San Luis, sin loo'isse (S. Am.) San Luis Potosi, san loo'isse p6-to's1 (Mex) Sancerre, sang-sfire' (Fr) Sanctispiritus, sauk-tis-pi'ri-tooa (Pen.) Saudager, laud'a-ger (I'en.) Sandersleben, zan'ders-ife ben (Pen.) Sandeweer, san'de-rebr (Netb.) Saudoe, zan-deli' (Sc. Pen.) SnnJusky, sau-dus'ky (U. S.) Sandwich, sand'wicb or saud'idge (Lug. and U. S.) SaDgamnu, sang'ga-mou (U. S) Saugouera, sau-go-ne'ra cn ) isi. Sprottau, sprol'tou (Prus.) Sprundel, spropn'del (Neth.) SpuUco, sppp'ii-ko (It.) c. Squam, squMra (U. S.) Squiliacc, etiwil-la'che (U ) g. Stiibijotten, sta'bi-yot'len (Prus) Stade, stii'de (Ger.)" StadoUtza, sta-iio-iil'za (R.) Stadtberg, stiit'lierg (Ger.) Stadthagen, stnt-ha'gen (Get) Staeden, sta'den (Neth) Stafa, sta'fa (Switz.) Staffd, startel (Ger.) K Staffeld, slat'Ielt (Prus.) Staffora, stal'-Io'ra (II) r. Staffordshire, slalTord-slnre (Fng.) Stalamata sia-la-ma'la (Gr.) c. Stalden, stiil'den (Switz.) Stamboul, or Constantinople, stam-hool' (Tur.) Stamfen, stam'fen (Austr.) Stamheim, slam'hime (Swili.) Stamplianc. stain-fa'ue (Gr.) isl. Standia, sliiti'di-a (Tur.) isl. Stanki, stau'ki iR.) ■Stauo, siJi'no (Gr.) mt. Stanovoi, stanij-voi (.As.) mt, Sianstcad, siiin'sted (Can.) Stautzia, slaiu'ii-a (Per.) Stanz, slants (Switz.) Staphorst, slafgrst (Neth) Stai-amiira, stii'ia-mii'rft (Aus.tr.) Stare Miastow, .slii're lui-iis'to (Austr.) Stargard, stiir'gai't (Pnis) Staritza, sia-iii'/a (R.) Start, siait (Austral.) Staiucca, sta-ruk'ka (U S.) Stamp, Bta'roop (Den.) Staten Isl., Btat'en (U. S.) Staubach, stou'ba6h (Switz Staunton, stiin'ton (U. S.) Stavanger, sta'vaiig-er Stockholm, stnk'holm (Sc. Pen.) Stocr, steur (Den.) r. Stolutz, stO-liitz' (Tur.) Stolberg. stol'berg (Prus) Stoipe, stpl'pe (Prus. Den.) Stolpe, stgl'pe (Prus.) r. Stongoh, 6t6n'g6-h (It.) Stonnc, stone (Fr.) Stora, slo'ru (.Af) g. Stora Uaien, sto'ra pp'men (Sc. Pen.) .'. Storafvan, slore-a'ven (Sc. Pen.) /. Storbacken, stOre-bak'keu (Sc. Pen ) Storsjoe, store-shell' (Sc Pen.) Storsjoen, store-she^iie* (Sc. Pen ) I. Storta, la. la stor'ta (It.) Stouters Gat, stou'ters gat (Netb.) Straabe, stio'lm (Sc. Pen.) Strabane, stra-bane' (U. S.) Strakouitz, stia-ko-nits' (Austr ) Stralen, stra'len (Ger.) Stralsund, strale-zppnt' or strale'zopnt (Prus.) Strandhuus, straiU'hoos (Den.) Stranraer, stran'rawr (Scot.) Strasbourg, or Strasburg, stras-bpor', stras - boorg; (Fr.) Strasburg, stras'Imorg (Prus.) Stras kircTi en, stras-ku'chen (Ger.) Strass, stras (Austr ) Stratos, stra'tos (Gr.) Straubing. strou'l)ing (Ger.) Strausburg, strous'boorg (Prus.) Streclionetz. stre'iilio-nets (Austr.) Stree, stre (Neth.) Strega, stre'ga (Ger ) Strehla, stre'la (Gtv) Strehtz. slre'lits (Ger.) Strik-a-poor, strik-a-popr' (Per ) Stroe, strop (Neih.) Stroem, strcume (Sc. Pen.) Stroemstadt, stre'iim'stat (Sc. Pen.) Strogouova, stro- go-no' va (As.) g. Stroluatz, or Grotzka, strol'uatz, groti'ka (Tur.) ^ . , Stromboli, strom'bo-h (It.) isU Stry. 3tri (Austr.) r. Stryszow, stris'so (Austr.) Stubbekjoebiiig, stoob'be-kie'ii'bing (Deu.) Sluhlweiszeubure, or Syekes Fejcrvar, slool- ris'sen-boorg (Austr.) Stuifzand, stdit'iaiit (Neth ) Stuolovitchi. stpp-6-16-vit'chi (11) Stura, stoo'ra (it.) r. Stutgard," or Stuttgart, stopt'gart (Ger) Stuyvesaiit, sli've-simt (U. S) Stype, sti'pe (Neih ) Suabia, or Schwaben, swa'ln-a (Ger.) Styria, or Steiermark, sti'ri-a (Austr.) Suauca, spp-iui'ka (Mex ) Suauces, soo-iin'thesse (Pen.) Suarez, soo-ii'reth (resse) (S Am ) r. Fr.shf.rt bfit; Frlongett, short e"u, as in spur ; Final ly. Fr.lmoxnllti; An"ger, vi"cious; gas sin pleasure; g ch guttural; ny IkjuiiI, lU ns in pith. 491 PEONXTNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Suarmo, soo-:i-roo'ro (S. Am.) Szatymatz, sotj'mols (Austr.) Tamlaght, tam-laght' (Ir) Subliiiiuo, sop-bi-a'uo (It) Sze/.urowice, stcbpp-ro-vi'tse (Austr.) Tampa, or Espiniu Santo, tam'pa, esse p'i'ii- tpp siin'lo (U. S.) b. Sttl)iaco, soo-bi-a'ko (It.) S/etjedin, se-ge-dine' (Austr.) Suclienthai.' zoo'dheii-tale' (Austr.) Szekefalva, se-ke-fol'va (Austr.) Tampico, tam-pi'ko (Mejf.) Sucio, soo'th'i (si-) o (S. Am.) r. Szeke-* Fejervar, or Stuhlweiszenburg, se'- Tampico, tani-pi'ko (Mex.) f£. Tarapico Bar, tam-pi'ko bar (Mex.) Suckiisunny, suk-a-sun'ny (U. S ) kesli te-yer'var (Austr.) Suckow, zoo'ko (Pnis.) Szereda Zik,*se-re'da zik (Austr ) Tamurejo, ta-moo-ro'61io (Pen.) Sucumbio,'son-koom'l)i-o (S. Am ) Szesznppe, she-shppp'pe (Prus.) r. Tan, tan (Ger.) Surzawa, soo-cliii'va (A,ustr) Szikszo, sik'so (Austr j Tana, ta'na (Sc. Pen.) Sudrata Plain, soo-dra'ta (Af.) Szokefalva, so-ke-ful'va (Auatr ) Tana f^jord, tana fiord (Sc Pen.) Sueca, 300-e'kii (Pen.) Szolnok, sol'Mok (Austr.) Tanagra, ta-na'gra (It.) Sneradaua, spo-e-ka-dii'na (East. Isl ) SveiToog, sdd'og (Den ) Szroda, sliro'da (Prus.) Tanakeken, tii-na-ke'ken (East. Isl,) isl. Szurul. spp'ropl (Auslr.) Tanassenm, ta-nas'se-rim (As,) Suendei-wall, zuu'der-val' (Den.) Szuazko, spps'ko (Austr.) Tancha Porta, or Sable Point, tau'cba nur'ta Sues, zds (Switz.) (U. S.) ' Suessenheim, zus'seii-liimc:' (NetliJ Tancitaro, tan-llii (-si-) tii'ro (Me.x ) Suevre. s\v6\r (Fr.) T. Tancos. t^n'kus (Pen.) Suez, soo'ez and soo-ez' (Eg.) Tangermuende, tang'er-miiu'de (Prus) Suez, sop'cz and soo-e// (Eg.) -7. Tangier, tan-jeer' (Af.) Suez, soo'f-z :iad soo-ez' (Eg.) tsth. Ta, Esqua dk, esse'ka tie ta i.S. Am,) Tanjore, tan-jore' (Hind) Suffolk,' suffok (Eng.) Taarlo, Inre'ln (Neth.) Tanna, tan'na (Ger.) Su^aclii, apo-sa'clu (^- Am.) r. Suhr, zopr'e'(Switz.) Taara, torse (I)eii.) Tanum, la'nppm (Sc. Pen.) Taasinse, lO'sinj-s (Den.) Ul. Taorraina, tiior-mi'na (It.) Suippe, Vwip (Fr.) Taliacal, tii'lja-kal' (S. Am.) Taos, ta'os (Mex.) Suleu, Outer, ou'ter ?oo'Ien (Sc. Pen.) hi. Tabahvietto, tii-ba-oo-et'to (Mex.) Tapacari, ta'pa-ka'ri (S. Am.) Snlgcn, zool'gen (Switz.) Tabarca, tii-bar'ka (if.) Tapacures, ta'pa-kop'resse (S. Am.) r. Sulilelma, soo-li-fel'rua i^c. Pen.) ml. Tabarca, or Plana, ta-bav'ka. pla'na (Pen.) isl. Tapajos, or Toyapos, ta-pa'dhos, tO-yii'pos Suliinan, sop-li-man' (Per.) mi. Tabarieli, ta-ba-ri'eb (.'yr.) (Braz ) r. Siilinsen, zor.'ling-en (Ger.) Tabasco, ta-biis'ko (Mex.) TapaquUcha, ta-pa-kil'cba (S. Am.) Sulmona, sool-nio'na (It ) Tabernas, ta-ber'nas (Pen.) Tapern, ta-pe'ra (Braz.) Sutpice, sdl-pioc' (Switz.) Tabita. ta-bi'ta (Tt ) Tapiau, tii'pi-ou (Prus.) Sulz, zoolta (Ger ) Tablas, ta'blaa (East. Isl.) isl. Tapio Szele, tii'pi-o se'ie (Austr ) Sulibacli, zpolts'ba^li (Ger.) Tableau, le, li; la-bl6' (Can.) Papira, tii-prra (S. Am.) mt. Siilzbaclier, zoplts'haib-er (Auslr.) Taboca, ta-bo'ka (Braz.) r. Tapolera, ta-p6-le'ra (R ) Sulzburg, zooits' (ziiUs'J bpprg (Ger.) Taboleiro, ta-lio-li'ro (Braz.) Tapoleza, ta-p6-Ie'sa (Austr.) Sumatra, sop-niii'tra (Kast. 1st.) isl. Tabor, ta'bor (Austr) Tappatiannock, tap-pii-lian'iKik (U.S.) Sumbawa, sppm-b^'wa (Austral.) isl Tahor. ta'bor or ta'bor (Pal.) ml. Tappauooh. tap-pa-npp' (East. Isl) Sumbilla, sppm-birya (Pen.) Tabrii, ta-briz' (Per.') Taquestrele, ta'kesse-tre'le (Mex ) Sumidoro, s'pp-mi-do'ro (Braz.) r. Tacoara, ta-ko-a'ra (Braz.) ;. Taranaki, ta-ra-na'ki (N. Zeal.) Sumian-aid, zoo'rais-valt' (Switz.) Tadousac, ta-doo-zak' (Can ) Tarancon, ta'riiu-kon' (Pen.) Sumjacz, shponi'yatcti (Austr.) Tafalamah, ta-lii-la'ma (Af.) Tarancuena, ta-riin-koo-e'na (Pen ) pummaiino, sppm-mii-lVno (It.) Taffalva, taf-fiil'va (Pen.) Taranto, ta-ran'to (It.)' Sunapee. suu'a-pec (U. S.) Taffers, taffers (Switz.) Tararua, tii-ra-rpp'a (N. Zeal ) Suiiila, sppii'da (Austral.) st. Tafflelt, taflelt (Af) Tarascon, ta-ras-kung' (Fr.) Sundal, suu'diile (Sc. Pen.) Tageracben, ta'ger-slien (.Switz.) Tarasp, ta'rasp (Switz.) Sundbye. soond'ba (Den ) Taghkanic, tagb-kan'ik (U. S.) Taravilla, ta'ra-vil'ya (Pen.) Sundsvall, Bponds'viil (Sc. Pen ) Tagliamento, tal-ya-nien'to (It.) r. Tarazona, ta'rii-ttio'na (Pen.) Sungoia, sppri-go'ra (East. Isl) Tagomago, ta'go-ma'go (Pen.) isl. Tarbes, tarbe (Fr) Supa, spp'pa (S. Am ) r. Tagus, ta'gus (Pen.) r. Tarchiurola, tiir-ki-op'10-la (II) Superga, aop-per'ga (It.) Tajo, tii'dho (Sp.) Tarekbeim, ta'rek-li'ime (Ger.) Surat, spp-Vat' (Hmd.) Tabili, or Olaheite, la-bi'fi, 6-ta-Iiitc' (Soc. Targovitsa, tar-go-vit'za (K.) ■ Sure, zpp're or sClre (Netli ) r. Isl) Tarifa, ta-ri'fa (Pen) Surenen Pass, zoo-re'nen (Switz ) Taillemontier, talv-moDg-fi-e' or tai-mong- Tarija Rio, ta-n'6lia ri'o (S. Am.) Surg^res, sur-gfire (Fr.) ti-e' (Fr ) Tarn, tarng (Fr.) dep. Surig, spo'rig (Neth.) Tallies, taly or tai (Neth ) Tarn et Garonne, tarng' e ga-riine' (Fr.) ilep. Surigao, spo-ri-gii'o (East. Isl.) isL Takanova, tii-ka-no'va (Austral.) Tarna, tar'na (Sc. Pen.) Surinam, soo-ri-iiani'orsop-ri-nain'(lJraz.) r. Takina, tii-ki'na (As.) Tarnocz, tar'notcli (Austr.) Surrein, eiir-rang' (Switz.)' Talabo, tii-la'bo (East. Isl ) c. Tarnogora, tar'no-go'ra (Austr.) Surrey, ser'ry (Eng.) Talamone, tii-la-mo'ne (It.) Tarnow, tar'no (Ger.) Sursee, zppr'ze or sftr'ze (Switz.) Talant, tiUIiing (Fr.) Tarnowitz, tar'no-vit&' (Prus.) Susa, soo'za (It.) Talanti, ta-lan'li (Gr.) vh. Tare, ta'ro (It.) Siise, spp'se (Af ) Talava. ta-la'va (It.) r. Taro, ta'ro (It.) r. Susquelianna, sus-que-lian'ua (U. S) Talavera, ta-la-ve'ra (Pen,) Tarragona, lar'rii-go'na (Pen.) Sussex, sus'sex (Eng ) Talavera de It Ueyna, ta-la-ve'ra de la rina Tarsus, tar'soos (Tur.) Susteu Pass, zpps'teri (Switz,) (Pen ) Tartanedo, tai'ia-ne'do (Pen.) Sutherland, sutii'er-land (Eng ) Talavera de Puna, ta-la-vc'ra de poo'na Tartary, tar'ta-ry (As.) Suvalki. su-val'kitR.) (S. Am.) Tartigo, tiir'ti'-go (Can.) r. Suvero, spo-ve'ro (It.) c. Talavera la Real, ta-la-ve'ra la re-al' (Pen ) Tascli, taah (Switz.) Suvers, si-vere (Swit?..) Talavera Vieja, tji-lii-ve'ra vi-e'clia (Peu ) Taschendorf, tasli'en-dorf (Ger.) Suwannc, su-wa'nee (U. S.) r Talbot, tal'bot (U. S.) Tasco, tiis'ko (Mc.x.) Svanecke, swa'nn-ke (Sc. Pen } Talcatiuaiio, tal-ka-00-a.'no (S. Ar.i ) Tasjoe. ta'slie^ (Sc. Pen ) Svanhnlm, swane'holnior swane-holni' (Den.) Taliaferro, vulg. tol'e-ver (U. S.) Tatuall, tat'nall (U. S ) Svartla, swiirt'la (Sc. Pen.) Tal Kans, tal kans (Ger.) Tatra, tii'tra (Austr.) ?nt. Svartsjoe. Bwiirt'sheti (Sc. Ptn.) Talladega, tal-la-de'ga (U. S ) Taubcr, tou'ber (Ger.) r. Sveaborg, swe'a-borg (R) Tallaliassee, tal-la-Iias'see (U. S.) Taunton, tan'ton (U. S ) Svendborg, swend'borg (Den ) Tallahatcliic, t-al-la-halcli'ie (U. S.) Taunda, tou-ri'da (R.) Srensmark, swens'mp.ik (Den.) Tallapoosa, lal-Iit-poo'sa (U. S ) Tauroa, tou-ro'a (N. Zeal ) Sviatjsk, swiaijsk (R.J Tallara, tal-ya'ra (Pen ) Taurus, tau'rops (Tur ) Jiil. Sviatoi, swia'toi (R.) i;.l. Tallasee, tal-Ias'see (U. S.) Tausz, tous (Austr.) Svinoe, swi-ne'Tl (R.) /. Talmaz, tal-madz' (It.) c. Tauvea, tove (Fr.) Swabia, Suabia, or Scliwaben, swa'b"i-a (Ger.) Ta-lou-clie, ta-lou'che (East. Isl) Tavanga, ta-van'ga (R.) Swalmen, awal'men (Neth.) Talvi^, tiil'vig (Sc. Pen,) Tavannes, ta-vane' (Switz ) Swansea, swan'sea (Eng.) Tamalamcque, ta-nmla-me'ke (S. Am.) Tavastehus, ta-vas'te-hpos (R.) Sweden, or Sverige, swe'deu, sver'ye Tamaraeo, ta-raa-nie'o (Pen.) Tavende, ta'ven-de (Sc. Pen.) Sweltcndam, swel'len-dam' (Af.) Taraandu!!, ta~mau'dpp-a (Braz,) Taverne. ta-verne' (Switz.) Swienemuende, swi'ne-muu'de (Prus.) Tamapaja, ta-ma-pa'ya (S. Am.) r. Taverues, les, le ta-vern' (Fr.) Swigteler, awig'ie-ler (iNeth.) Tamaqua, tam-a'qua (U. S) Taviauo, tii-vi-a'no (It.) Switzerland, die ScUweiz, swit'zer-land, dc Tamarwa, tara-ar'wa (U. S.) Tavier, ti-ri-e' (Neth ) shwits Tamasi, tii-ma'zi (Austr.) Tavignano, ta-vin-ya'uo (It.) r. Svl Faellen. sul fal'len (Sc. Pen.) Tamaulipas. ta-niou'li-p;i3 (Mcx.) Tavira, ta-v'i'ra (Pen ) Sylvan, sul'van (Sc. Pen.) /. Tambacli, tiim'bacii (Ger ) Tavolara, ta-vo-lii'ra (It.) isl. Syracuse, sir'a-kuse or si'rii-kuse (U. S.) Tambelan. tam-be-lan' (East. Isl.) id. Tawe, la've (Ger.) Syria, sir'i-a Tambo, lani'bo (S. Am.) Tawitawi, ta'i-ta'i (East. IbI.) isl Szada, sa'da (Austr ) Tambobamba, tam'bo-biim'ba (S. Am ) Tazewell, taz'wel (U. S.) Szakal, sa'kal (Austi.) Tambov, tiim'bpv (R.) Tchablar, tclia-blar' (Tur.) c. Szalonia, sa-lo'ni-a (Ausfr) Tamega, la-me'>;a (Pen ) r. Tcbala, tcha'la (R.) Szareaia, sa-re'slii-a (Austr ) Tamerfors, tii'mer-fors' (II.) Tcbanoraa, IcliiUno'ma (R ) Szarvas, sOr'vOsh (Austr.) Tamiagun, tii-mi-a'gpo-a (Mcx.) Tcherkask, tclier'kask (R) Szaszvaros, sos-va'rosh (Austr.) Tamisque, ta-mis'ke (S. Am ) Tchernigov, tcbei'ni-gov (R ) Kate, lar, lall wliiit, l>,al ; Mete, prev, lielp, thfire, Ijcr ; Pine, marine, Wrd, fig ; Note, (I5ve, move, wolf, book, lord ; Tunc, bull, nnite; Fr. long vfte ; 11.--S1PP. ' 495 9 r. 1 1 PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHIC Ai NAUfFS. Tchernowilz, tsher'no-vits (Amtr.) Terraciua, ter'ra-chVna (It.) Tilsit, til'zit (Prus.) Tcliiprovatz, tsiii'prd-viitz (T»r.) Terralba, ter-ral'ba (It.) Timbucio, or Tombucto lira-buk'to (Af ) Tchirkukema, tsNir'kS-ke'mii (R.) Terraiia. Maria de, niii-ri'a de ter-rii'na (It.) Timea, ti-rae'a (It.) r. Tchociinna, Iciio-kinrna (U, S.) Tcrrebms St. Andre, tftre-bwii' sang taiig-dre' Timolus. li'mo-Iops (Tur.) ml. Tcliula, tclioo'la (U. S.) (Can.) Timor, n'mor (East. Isl.) st Tecklenburg.' tek'len-lioor§ (Ger ) Terrebonne, tSre-bone' (Can.) Timpabaches, tim-pa-bii'cbesse (Mex.) Tecolotlan, tc-k6-lol'liiri(Mex.> Terrible, ter-ribl' (^witz.) ml. Tiugelstad, tiiig'eUstiit (Sc. Pen.) Teconi;iil, te'ko-iiiiiii' (Mex.) Terricciola, ter-rit'tclio-la (It.) Tinieum, tin'i-kura (U. S.) Tecuniseh. te-kuarseli (U. S ) Terrida, ter-n'da (Eg.) Tinoso, ti-no'so (Pen.) c. Tedia, ted'la (Af.) Tersli, tersli (B.) r. Tinto, tin'to (Pen.) r. Teentlial, tene'liile (Switz.) Terwalde, ter-val'de (Netli.) Tinzeu, tiu'lsen (Switz.) Teestrup, te'stroop (Den ) Tescheii, tesb'en (.Austr.) Tioaa. ti-o'ga (U. S ) Tefaleue, te'fa-le'rie (Af.) c Tescliendorf, tesb'en-dorf (Frus.) Tipimacho, ti-pi-ma'ciio (Mex ) Tegelen, te'ge-len (Netli ) Tessin, tes-sine' (Switz.) Tippecanoe, tip-pe-kii-noo' (U. S) Teguali'iua, ta-sioo-a le'nia (S, Am ) Testigos, tes-ti'g03 (S. Am.) isl. Tipperaiy, tip-pe-ra'ry (Ir.) CO. Tegueco, te-^e'ko'(.Mex.) Tetala, te-la'la (Mex.) Tipperary, tip-pe-ra'ry (Ir.) Tcgiiisate. te-jii-sa'te (Mex ) TStc de Mort. tSte de more (U. S ) Tirara, li-rii'ra (It.) Tclieraii, teli-lie-iiiii' (Per.) Teucliern, toi'6iiern (Prus.) Tirlemont, tirle-mong' (Neth.) Teliuacau, te-oo-a'k:i« (Mex,) Teul'elsbruecke, toi'fels-bruk'ke (Switz.) Tiroue, ti-id'ne (It.) I. Teiiuanlepec, ie-oo-au'te-pek' (Mex > Teufen, toifeu (Switz.) Tirschenreit, tirsh'en-rite (Ger ) Teliyantepcc, te-jaii'te-pek' (Mex) 6. leuffeleu, toifeln (Switz.) Tirai, lir'si (It.) r. Teignmoulii, com. tiii'niulh (Eng.) Teulada, te-oo-la'da (It.) c. Tisted, tisled (Den.) Teininjr, ti'ning (Ger.) Teusclinitz, toisli'oits (Ger.) Tisza Furea, tis'sa foo-re'a (Analr.) Tehiitz, liniU (Aiislr) Tevego, te-ve'go (Braz.) Titicaca, ti-ti-kii'ka (S. Am.) /. Ttipan, li'piin (Mex.J Teverone, te-ve-ro'ne (It.) r. Tivoli. ti'vo-ll (It.) Teis?, lis (.iustr ) r. Texaman, te-6ba-mau' (Mex ) Tiizano Point, tit-dza'no (It ) Teixido, li-aiii'do (Pen ) Texana, tex-a'na (U. S.) Tjakelvas, ja'kel-iiis (S. Pen.) t. Tejada, Sierra, si-er'ra te-fliii'da (Pen.) Texas, le'dhas or te.x'a3 (U. S.) Xjoering, tieti'ring (Den.) Tektri, le'ke-ri (It.) (. Texel, teks'el (Netb.) hi. Tjoern, jeilrne (Sc. Pen.) ht. Tekia, te'kla (Gr.) fl. Tezcuco, telh- (tesse-) koo'ko (Mex.) Tjoerneber?, tietir'ne-berg (Den.) hi. Telchanka, tel-cliin'ka (R.) Tbalkircli, liile'kirdb (Switz.) T apa, tE'pii (Mex.) TclekTis, te'leklisli (Auslv) Tbalheim, tale'liime (Switz ) Tiascala, tliis'kii-la (Mex.) Teles, te'lesU (Auslr.) Thames, com. temz (Eng.) Toballo, 16-bal'lo (It.) Telese, ie-le'ze ( It ) Tbamsbrueck, tams'briik (Prus. Tobarra, 16-biir'ra (Pen.) Telcssad, tc-les-saj' (Af.) Thaso, tha'so (Tur.) hi. Tobelianna, to-bc-han'na (U. S.) Telethrus, te-le'tliroos (Gr.) ml. Tliebaid, Desert of, the-ba'id (Eg.) Tobique, to-blke' (Can.) r. Telgt, telgt (Ger.) Tliebes, thebes (Eg) Tobolsk, to-bolsk' (As.) 'I'ellico. tel'li-ko (U. S.) Thebes, the'besse (Gr.) Tocco, tokko (It.) Telliu, tel-line' (Netli.) Theiss, or Tisza, tice, tis'sa (Auslr ) Todal, to'dale (Sc. Pen.) Tellnjgsled, tel'liug-sted (Den.) Thelpusa, thel-poo'sa (Gr.) Todars, to'dSrs (It.) Temascallepec, te-mas-kai'te-pek (Mex ) Theiion, le-noug' iFr.) Todi, todi (It.) Tcmbia, teiu'lji-a (Af.) Theodosia," te-6-do'si-a (It.) Todos Santos, to'dos san'tos (Mex.) Temljleque. tem-ble'ke (Pen.) Thera, the'ra (Gr.) hi. Todtenau, to'ten-ou (Ger) Temegua, te-me'go>a (Tur ) Theresianopel, te-re-zi-ii-no'pel (Auslr.) Toenningen, tetin'nin^-en (Den.) Temerin, te-me-iine' (Austr.) Thessalia, thes-sii'li-a (Tur.) Toeplitz, teup'lits (Austr ) Teracs, te'niesli (.Austr.) r. Tlieux, teu (Netb.) ToL'ppingen, teup'ping-en (Ger.) Teuiesvar, fe-mesh-var' (Anstr.) Thibault, ti-bo' (It.) Toipahua, toi-pii'oo-a (Mex.) Tenipe, teni'pe (Tur ) Thibet, or Tibet, tib'et (As.) Tokay, to-ki' (Au'str ) Tejiipeiliurg, tem'pel-bporg (Prns.) Thiel, tile (Netb.) Toko-labo, to'ko-li'bo (N. Zeal.) hartour. Ternpio, tein'pi-o (It.) Thielt, tille (Neth.) T.la, Desert of, to'la (As.) Temploux, twig-ploo' (Netli.) Thierache Forest, tjre'a-61ie (Netli.) Tolapampa, to'la-piim'pa (S. Am.) Toledo, to-le'do (Pen.) Teniseiia, tem'se-na (Af.) Tliieracheru, tire'a-dheru (Switz.) Tenasserim, ten-as'ser-im (Iiuf.) Thiers, li-6re' (Fr.) Toleiitino, to-len-ti'uo (It.) Teiida, Col de, kol de teii'da (It.) Tliil, le Chat, til le sha (Fr.) Tolgen, lol'yen (Sc. Pen ) Tendra, ten'dra (Ger.) ist. Thionville, li-ong-\ile' (Fr.) Tolhuis, tgl'liois (Netb.) TenJre, tangdr (Switz.) ml. Thiviers, ti-\i-e' (Fr.) Tolinia, to-h'ma (S. Am ) Teuerife [Colombia], te-ne-ri'fe (S. Am ) Tholen, to'len (Netb.) * Tohma Volcano, to-li'ma vol-kli'iio (S. Am ) Tenenile, te-ne-rife' (Af)'iji. " Thomar. tu-raiir' (Pen.) Tolna, tol'ua (Austr.) Teiina, ten'na (It.) r. Tliomaschovatz, to-raash'6-viits' (Auslr.) Tolosa, {6-16'sa (Pen.) Tenuessee, tea-nes-see' (U. S.) Thone, tu'ne ((5er.) Tolpager, tols'a-ger (Den.) Teuoxlitlan, te-naaii-tit-hm' (Mex) Thorda, tor'da (Austr.) Toluca, tWoo'ka (Mex.) Tcnpi?que, teu-pls'ke (Mex.) r. Tliorigny, to-rin'ji (Fr.) Tolzt, toltst (Ger.) Teusift, or Morocco, tea'sift (Af.) r. Thorn, torne (Neth. Prus.) Tomaszau, l6-nias'so (R.) Tentigny, taug-liii'ji (Netli.) Tborout, to-rpo' (Neth.) Tooiatlan, to-mat'lan (Mex. Tentsclibrod, teiitsb'brote (Austr.) Tbouars, too-are' (Fr.) Tonibigbee, or Tonibeekbee, tom-big'be (U.S.) Tepeaca, te-pe-a'ka (Mex.) Tepic, te-pik (Mex.) Three Rivers, or Trois IU\i(;res, trwii ri-\i- Tome, tu-me' (Fr.) hi. Sre' (Can.) Tomini, to-nii'ui (East. Isl.) g. Tepoa, Ie-p6'a (Mex ) Tlironium, thro'ni-gpm (Gr ) Tomo, to'nio (S. Am.) r. Teposculula, te-pos-ko'loo-la (Mex.) Tliueringen, Thurgovie, tii'riug-en (Ger ) ; Tonal, to-nal' (It.) Teposlitlan, te'pos-lil-tiiii' (Mex.) lur-^O-vie' (Fr.) Tonala, to-nii'la (Mex.) Tequila, tc-ki'la (ilex.) Thura, toome (Ger.) Touawanda, ton-a-w au'dii (U. S.) Ter, ler (Pen.) r. Thun, toone (Switz) Toncado, tOn-ka'do (Pen.) Ter Heide, ter lii'de (N'eth.) Thur, too're (Switz.) r. Tonder, ton'der (Den.) Ter Scbelling, ter skel'ling (Neth.) «/. Thurgan, toor'gou (Switz.) Tongo, toii'go (East. Isl.) Tera, te'ra (Fen.) r. Thuriuger Wald, tii'ring-er valt (Ger I Touires, tongr (Neth.) Teramo, te-ra'mo (It.) Tiandijan, ti-au'di-yii'n (Sc. Pen.) /. Tonnara, ton-na'ni (It.) Terau, te-raii' (Pen.) Tiber, Tevere, ti'ber, te've-re (It.) Tonneiiis, ton-naiig' (Fr.) Tcrbleit,'t(-r-blite' (Netb.) Tibet, or Thibet, tib'et (A"s.) Tounerre, ton-ii^re' (k'r.) Tercero, ter-the' (se') ro (S. Am) r. Tibinuari-guaza, ti-bi-koo-(i'ri-goo-.a'tIia (^!i) S. Am.) hi. Tonnin, ton-nine' (Ger ) Terebcs, le-re'besli (Austr.) Tonquin, ton-kin' (As.) Teregiivaer, te-re-go-vii'er (Austr.) Tiburou, ti-boo-roii' (Mex.) it/. Toiisberg, tOiis'berg (Sc. Pen.) Terena, te-re'na (Pen.) Ticino, ti-clii'no (It.) Toorkistan, toor-kis-tiin' (As.) Terera d'Olireira, te-re'ra d6-li-^ i'ru (Pen.) Ticouderofia, ti-kon-Ucr-0'ga (U. S ) Toorkmania, toork-mii'iii-a (Per.) Teresa, te-re'sa (Pen.) lldone, ti do'uedt.) r. Toorsheez, topis'liez (Per.) Teresa, te-re'sa iBraz )//. Tiefcns, ti'tins (Prus.) Topaufalva, to-pou-ral'va (Austr) Terliappel, ter-liiip'pel (Netb.) Tieb, el. Desert of, el ti'eli (Eg.) Topayor, Rio. ri'o lo-pa-yor' (Braz ) Terjan, Plain of, ter-jiiii' (Tur.) Tierra del F'uego, ti-er'ra del foo-e'go (S. A'li ) Topolias, to-pD'li-iis (Gr.') (. Termes, lea, le terme tt'r.) hi. Topolya, to-porya (Auslr ) Tirmiui, ter'ou-m (It.) Tiesa, ti-e'sa (Mex.) Tnpool, tO-pool' (East. Isl.) hi. Tcrnimos, ter-nii'nos (.Mex.) /. Tietar, ti-e-lar' (Pen.) r. Tor, lor (Pen.) Teruio, ter'ino (It.) r. Tiflis, ti'flis (R.) Torbay, tor-bav' (Eng.) Termoli, ter'nio-H (It.) Tigre, Lago del, la'go del ti'grc (S. Am.) Torbel, tnr'bel (Swilz.) Terneuse, ter-neuze' (Netli ) Tigre, ti'gre (Mex.) r. Toicisi, tor-tcln'si 111.) Terui, ter'ni (It.) Tigris, li'gris (Tur.) r. TorcSH, tor'tcha (Austr.) Terra del Fuego, ter'ra del foo-e'go (S. Am.) Tilapa, ti-la'pa (.Mex.) Tordendorf. tnr'den-dnrr (Ger ) Terra di Bari, ter'ra di ba'ri (It') Tilburg, til'boorg (Neth.) Tordera, tor-de'ra (Pen.) Terra di Lavora, ter'ra di la-vo'ra (It ) Tilleres, til-yefe' or tii-yere' (Fr.) Tnrdesillas, ti^r-de-siryfis (PeuJ Terra di Otranto, ter'ra di o-triin'to (It) Tiihgte. tillich-te (Netli.) TorJillo, tor-dilyo (S. Am) /. Terra Nova, ter'ra no'va (It.) Tdly, til-yi' or tii-yi' (Fr.) Torefors, to're-fora' (Sc. Pen.) Fr. short bat j Fr. long e% short e'u, ns in spur; Final Iv, Fr. Imonille; An"ger, vi"ciousj gassinpl 496 Basure; g, Ch guttural; ny liquid: tt as in pith. PKONUNCIATIOiJ OF MODERN GEOGKAPHICAL NAMES. Torello, to-rel'lo (It.) tran-sil-va'ni-a (-n'i-eu), zi-beu-bur'geu. Truxillo, trpo-^liil' (-^iiii') yo (Mex.) Torga, tor'ga (Prus.) ci'delv ore'sag Try;igevelde,'trug'ge-fel'de (Den.) Torgau, tor'gou (Pins.) Trapa, tra'pa (Pen.) Tsareva, tsii-re'va (K.) Torkaii, tnr-kun' (R,) Trapani, tra-pa'ni (If.) Tschakatburm, tslii'ka-tpprm' (Austr.) Torina, tgr'ma (R.) Trapano, tva-pa'no (Tur.) c. Tscliapina, tsliii-pi'na (Switz.) Tornialeo, tur-inii-le'o (Pen.) Trapes, trape (Fr.) Tscliierf, tsbirfe (Switz.) Tornies, tor'messe (Pen.) r. Trarbacli. tiar'ba^U (Ger.) Tuat. or T«at, tu-at', tivat (Af.) Tornau, tor'nou (Ger.) Tras OS Monies, tras os mon'tesse (Pen.) Tuat, Oasis of, tu-at', twat (Af.) Tornavacus, tnr-na-va'koos (Pen.) Trasen, tra'zen (Austr.) r Tuban, tu-biiu' (East. Isl.) Tornava, tor-ua'ya (Austr.) Trau, trou (Austr.) Tubbus, tiib'biig (Per.) TorneS, tof'ne-o (Sc. Pen.) Ti-aun, Falls of, trunn (Austr) Tuebingen, til'bing-en (Ger.) Tornja, tor'ne-o (R.) Trauiistfin, troun'stine (Ger.) Tulioc. lu-bok' (East. Isl.) Tornea, tor'ne-o (Sc. Fen.) I. Travancore, tiav-an-kOre' (Ind.) Tuburbo, tu-biir'bo (Af.) Torneafors Foundry, tor'ne-o-fors (Sc. Pen.) Trava-ios, tra-va'sos (Pen.) Tuckalioe, tuk'a-lioe (U. S.) Tornella, tor-nel'ya (Pen.) Trave, Ira've (Ger.) r. Tuckasaga, tuk-a-Fii'ga (U. S.) Tornese, tor-ne'se (Gr.) c. and caslle Travemueude, tra-ve-nmn'de (Ger.) Tucunian, too'koo-niaii' (S. Am.) Torni, tor-iii' tSv\iiz.) Travers, tra-ver' (Switz.) Tudela. too-'de'U'(Pen.) Tornos. tor'nos (Pl-u.) Travis, trav'is'(U. S.) Tudela de l)ouro, ton-de'Ia de doo'ro (Pen ) Toro, to'ro (Pen.) Tre Pouti, tre pon'ti (It.) t. Tuefetsbrucke. TeufvUbiucke, "or Devil's Toro. to'ro (It.) isl. Tre Santi, tre san'ti (It.) Bridge, toifels-bruk'ke (Switz.) Toro. to'ro (S. Am.) /. Trebbin, treb-bine' (Prus.) Tnejar, too-e-char' (Peii.) Toroczko. to.rotcli'ko (Austr.) Trebia, tre'bi-a (It.) r. Tue'ia, too-e'la (Pen.) r. Torok, to'rok (Austr.) Trebisaccbe, Ire-bi-sak'ke (It.) Tuil. tu-ii''(NetIi.> Torok Bec9(-, lo'rok bet'se (Auslr.) Treljizond, tieb"i-zond (Tur.) Tuille, la. la too-il'le (It.) Torpa, tor'pa (Sc. Pen.) Trebnitz, tieb'nits (Prus.) Tula. too'la(Vlex.) Torqueniada, tor-ke-nia'da (Pen.) Trebujena, tre-lioo-fijie'na (Pen.) Tula, too'la (Mex.)r. Torr.'tor (Sc. Pen) /. Treen, Irene (Dcli.) r. Tule, too'le (Mex.) Torralba, tor-ral'lia (Pen.) Treglie, le', le trel'ye (It.) Tuliamore, tul-la-more' (Ir.) Torrao, tor-ra'o (Pen.) Treib. trip (Sivitz.) Tulle, tul (Fr) Torrberp, tor'berg (Sc. Pen.) TreiUieres, trel-j i-6re' or tre-i-j fire' (Fr.) Tulbns. tai-lang' (Fr) Torre Eossa, tor're ro-'sa (It,) Treis, tiis (Ger.) Tullstoip, tpol'stgrp (Sc. Pen.) Torrebiauca. tor're-bi-an'ka (Pen.) Treiscliani, tri'sliam (Ger.) Tulutepoque, too-loo'te-po'ke (Mex.) Torrecilla, tor're-tbil'ya (Pen.) Tremeutiue, t re-ma ng-liiie' (Fr.) Tumbacb, tooni'baili (Ger.) ' Torrejoncillo, tor're-^lmn-tbil'yo (Pen) Tremiti, tre-mi'ti (It.) isl. Tuna, too'na (Sc. Pen ) Torremochal, tOr're-mo-clial' (Pen ) Trende Espinos, tren'de es-pi'iios (S. Am.) Tunbridge, tun'bridje (Eng.) Torrenate, tor're-nii'te (Mex.) Trent, tient (Austr. Deu.) Tuiiia, too'nis or tu'nis (Af ) Torrenueva, lor're-noo-e'va (Pen.) Trentino, tren-ti'no (It.) ;-. Tnnklianniick, tunk-lian'unk (TJ. S.) Torres, lor'resse (Austral.) isl. Trcptow, trep'to (Prus.) Tunko\itcbi, toon'ko-vii'cbi (R.) Torres de Orcas, tor'resse de or'kag (Pen.) Tres Barras, trease bar'riis (Briiz ) Tupilco, tpn-p'il'ko (M«x ) Torres Vedras, tor'resse ve'dras (Pen.) Tres Culunas, Iresse ko-loo'nas (As.) 15^. Tupinambaramas, too'pi-niim-bii-ra'mas Torrestro, tor-resse'lro (Pen.) Tres Montes, Peninsula de, p^-nin-soo'la de (Brai^.) isl. and r 'I'orri, tor'ri (It.) tresse mon'tesse (S. Am.) Turbentlial, toor'beii-lule' (Switz.) TorrijoB, tor-rii'ihna (Pen.) Tres P(»rtos, tresse pOr'tos (Braz.) Tiirco, toor'ko (Gr) ml. Torruliia, tor-roo'lii-a (Pen.) Tri'sbes, trfibe (Fr ) Turienzoj too-ri-en'tho (Pen ) Torsas, tors'oee (Sc. Pen.) Treuf-nbriezen, troi'en-bri'tseu (Ger.) Turin, tu-rin', i6-ri'no (It.); tii-rang (Fr.) Tursken, tore'sken (Sc. Pen ) Treves, or Trier, trfive (Ger.) Turka, toor'ka (Austr.) 'ibrsted, tore'sled (Den.) Tievi. tre'vi (it) Turkestahj tpor'ke-stan' (As) Tortola, toi-16'la or tor'io-Ia (Pen ) Treviglin, tre-vil'yo (It.) Turkey, tur'key (Fur. As ) Tortoles. lor-to'lesse (Ftn.) Trevignano, tre-vin-ya'no (It.) Turkomania, toor-ko-ma'ni-a (As.) Tortoli, tor'to-Ii (It.) Treviso, tre-vi'zo (It.) Turn, toorn (Nelb.) Tortona, tor-to'na (It) Trevoux, trc-voo' (Fr.) Tursi, toor'si (It.) Torlosa, tor-to'sa (Pen.) Tri Sinara, tri si'-nii'ra (Gr.) mt. Turturano, tpor-tpo-rii'no (U.) Tortu^a. tor-too'ga (S. Am.) isl. Triagons, tri-a-song' (Fr.) Turves, tdrve (Fr.)' Torviscan, tor'vis-kau' (Pen.) Triangeros, tri-an-6iie'ros (Pen.) I'urvo, tpor'vo (Braz.) r. Tosens, to'?en8 (Austr.) Tricberie, trisli-ii' (Fr.) Tuscaboiiia, tns-kii-lio'ma (U. S.) Toas, tos (Swilz.) Trichinopoly, trik-in-op'o-ly (Hind.) Tuscaloosa, tus-ka-loo'sa (U. S.) Toss, tos (Switz.) r. Triciionia, in-iUd' (-kO) ui-a (Gr ) Tuscany [Etruria], lus'kii-ny, toi-kii'na, e- Tossa, tog's i (Pen.) Triel, tri-el' (Fr ) troo'ri-a (It.) Tost, tost (Prus.) Tneut, tri-ent' (Switz.) r. Tuscarawas, tu^-kii-ra'vvas (U. S.) Tostes, toste (Fr.) Trier, or Treves, tn'er (Ger.) Tuscarora, lus-ka-ro'ra (U. S.) Tulanii, to-la'na (Pen ) Trieste, tri-est'e or tri-est' (Austr.) Tuscumbia. tus-kum'bi-a (U. S.) Toth Vavanl, tot-vaSard (Austr) Trigno, trin'yo (It.) r. Tusillo, too-sd'lo (It.) Totouacapan, to'to-na-ka-pan' (Mex.) Trigomano, tii-^o-nia'no (Gr.) Tuslund, toos'loond (Den ) Totora, lo-tO'ra (S. Am.) Trigueros, tri-^'e'ros (Pen ) Ttispan. toos-paiV (Mex.) Toukoulan, tou'kou-lan' (As.) ?>if. Tnkala. tri-ka'la (Tur. It.) Tved, tweile (Den ) Toul, tool (Fr ) Triuadad [Culi»]. Iri-nii-diid' (W. Tnd ) Tvede, twe'de (Sr. Pen) Toula, tou'la (R.) Trinadad [Guntimala], tri-nii-dad' (Mex.) Tvenstrup. tiven'stroop (I)cn.) Toulon, too-lurig' (Fr.) Trinconialee, triug-ko-niii-k-e' (Ind.) Tver, twere (R.) Toulouse, too-loose;' (Fr ) Trindelen Point, trin'deln (Den.) Twame, twa'nic (Saitz.) Tour du Pm, la, la toor dii pang (FV.) Trinidad, tri-ni-dad' (Mex. S. Am. Bruz.) Ttt-tllo, twel'lo (Netb.) Tour, la Ulauclie, lii lilangshe toor (Fv.) 'fnniilad. Ileal de la, re-iil' de lii tii-ni-dad' Twiss, twia (N. Ze;il.) Touraine, too-iane' (Fr.) (Mex.) Twvzel, t^i'zel (Netli) Touriers, too-ri-e' (Fr.) Trinitie, la, lii tri-n'i-Li' (\V. Ind.) Tjeberg, tu'berg (Den.) Tournay, togr-mV (Fr. and Netli ) Trino, tri'no (It.) Tymuchtee, ti-niok'te (U. S ) Tourniquet,' topr-m-ke' (Fr.) Trionto Point, tri-uu'to (It.) Tyrnau, tir'nou (Austr.) TournoD, toor-nong' (Fr.) Tritiu, tri-00' (Fr.) Tyrol, ti-fole' (Auntr); tyr'ul (Eng) Touron, tou'tou (East. Isl.) Tnpbylia, tri-fy'li-a (Gr) Tyrone, li-ione' (Ir.) Tnurouvre, too-roovr' (Fr.) Tripoli, tii'po I'i (Af. East. Isl.) Tys Fjord. t(is fiorde (Si-. Pen ) Tourques, tno'k (IT.) Tripoli Vecelii. tn'i-o-li vek'ki (Af ) T/apoteca, tail- (tha-) po t^'ka (Me.\ ) Tours, toor (Fr.) Tnpolis, tn'p6-l)3 (Tur. Gr.) T/.um, tzoom (Netli.) Towanicnsing, tow-ii-men'sing (U. S.) Trivento tn-ven'to (It.) Towanda, tow-an'da (U. S.) Tracadie. tra-ko-di' (Can.) Troclitel tinmen, trofib-teMing'cu (Ger.) Trodda, trod'da (Pen 1 15/. U- Tracadie Lagoon, tra-ka-di' la-?oon' (Can ) Troia Pistolles, trwa pis-tOle' (Can.) Traclienburj;, tradli'en-boor^ (Prus.) Troja, tro'ya (It.) Traen, tra'en (Austr.) r ' ' Troldtoft, trold'toft (Den.) U KllAnnPi, u kliSi-'peli (Fg.) Trafalgar, tiaf-al'gar, tra-fal'gar, or tra fal- Trolhaetta, Falls of. trol-bet'ta (Sc. Pen.) l.'acosi ViUe, ooa-ko'si (Mex.) gai-' (Pen.) c. iVomnioe, tioni'nieti (Sc Pen.) Uasituba. ooa-si-too'l).! (Braz.) Trafeya, tra-fc'ya (Austr.) Tromsoe, troins'eu (Sc. Pen.) Ubeda, oo-be'da (fin.) Tragacete, tra-ga-the'te (Pen.) Tr(>nae3,.tro'Mase (Sc. Pen.) Trond, St., sang trong (Netli ) Ubiique,' bo-brike (I'eii.) Tragoso, tra-go'so (It.)" Ucliaii. a-sbo' (Fr.) Traiskirclieu, tris-kir'ihen (Austr) Trondbjeni, trond'yeni (Sc. Pen.) Uchee, u'lcbee (U. S.) Tramelan, tra'me-lan' (Suit/..) Trons, irong (Switz.) Ucbcten^oo'tbe-ten (Nctlc.) Tranbacli. trane'baili (Switz.) Tronto, tron'lo (It.) r. Udile, pocli'te (Gtr.) Tranen. tra'uen (Sc. Pen.) isl. Tropea, tro-pe'a (It.) Uckernmeiule, no'ker-rniin'de (Prus) Tranquetiar, tran-que-bar' or tran-kc-bar' Troppau, trnp'|ii.u (Austr.) t'dbiiia, ooil-bi'iiH (AusU-.) (Ind.) Troyes, trwa (Fr.) Udhyc, ood'l.ft (Den) Transylvania, Tian^vU'anien, or Siebenbuer- Tnin, tiunj^ (Fr.) Udile, ood'e (Net}i.) gen, Erdely Ors-:ag, tran-syl-va'ni-a or Trutiz, troonts (Prua.) Uddevalla, ood'de-viil'la (Sc. Pen.) Fate, far, fall, what, bati Mete, prey, lielp, tli re, Iieri Pine, niaritie, bVrd, fig; Note, dOve, move, m 497 olf, book, loid i Tune, bi)ll, unite; I'r. Ions vile; PRONTTNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES, Uddjaar, ood'dyour (Sc. Peu-J Uden, oo'dea (Neth.) Udine, oo'dT-ne or oo-di'DC (It,) Udvar, ood'var (Sc. Pen.) Udvarhely, ood'var-bely' (Aastr.) Ueberling, u'ber-ling (Ger.) Ueberstorf. u'bers-torf* (Snjlr.) TJebigau, ■fl.'bt-gou' (Prus.) Uetersen, ft'ter-zen (Den.) Uffenbeim, ooffea-liirue (Ger.) Ugalino, oo-ga-li'no (Mex.) UggelboUe, oos'gel-bol'le (Den ) Ughano. oo-ga'no (Austr ) isl. Ugra, oo'gra (Aastr.) Uhist, oo'hist (Pras.) UbUngeu, po'liug-en (Ger.) Uiinow, oo'ao (Austr.) Uiden Anweo, oi'den au'vfine (Nelli ) Uied Sakator, oo-ied' sa!-va'lor (It.) Uitdani, oil'daai (Xelli.) Uitenhage, oi'teolia'ge (Af.) Ujest, oo'yest (Prus.) Ujbely, opi'bely (Austr.) Ujijar, pfr-6bi-cliar' (Pen.) Ujvaros, ooi-va'ros f Austr.) Ukraine, or Ukraina, u-krane', oo-kraVna (R-) Ulhe, ool'be (Austr.)''u/. Ulbjerg," opl'byerg (Den.) Uldecona, ool'deko'ua (Pen) Uldom, ool'doom (Den.) Uiea, oo'le-o (Pen.) Ulea. pp'!e-o (R.) /. UleaboVg, oo'le-6-borw (R.) TJIfors, ool'fors (Sc'Pen ) Ulla, ooi'ia (tt.) r. UJlerslov, ool'lers-lov' (Den.) Ulieruj), ool'ie-rpop (DcD.) Uini. ppira (Ger.) Ulrichsteia, ool'ricb-slim;' (Ger. Ulrikehamn, ool-ri'ke-bamn' (Sc. Pen ) Ulster, ul'ster (Ir.) Ulstnip, pol'stroop (Deu ) Uiuk Tag, oo'Iook tag (As.) mt. Umbagog, nni-ba'gog (U. S.) Umbrail Pass, eung-bra-i' (-braly) (Switz.) Ume«, oo'me-o (Sc. Pen.) Uraea, oo'me-o (Sc. Pen.) r. Umstadt.' pcm'stat (Ger.) Umtrnsk, bom'trask (Sc. Pen.) Uuadilla, ^-na-dil'la (U. S.) Unchales, ooii-clia'Ie^se (S. Am.) fl. Underbye, oon'der-bii' (Den ) Uuderland, pon'der-lant' (Den ) Undersvik, oon'ders-vike' (>c. Pen ) Underup, oou'de-roop (Deu.) Uoderweiler, opn'der-\i'ler (Switz) Unier Vas, -fl-ui-e' vas (Switz.) United States, li;-uit'ed slates (N. Am ) Uona, oon'na (Ger ) Uuserselien, oon'zer-zel'len (Gt-r.) Unstrutb, opn'stroot (Prus.) r. Unter Franken, opu'ter frauk'en (Ger.) Unterbach, ppu'ter-ba6b (Switz) UnterscLachen, con'ler-slia^b'en (Switz.) Unterseen, opn'ter-zeiie' (Switz.) Unterwalden, opu'ier-val'den (S«itz.) Uomo Morto, Point, po-o'rao raor'to (It.) Upo!u, pp-pu'lpp C^. isi ) Upsala, or Upsai, opp-sa'la, up'sal (Sc. Pen ) Uracb, pp'racb (Ger.) Ural, oo-'ral' (As.) r. Ural, or Ooral, po-ral' (R.) mt. Uranieuburg, po-ra'ni-en-bporg' (Den.) Urbaniao, ppr-ba-ni-a'o (It.) Urbanna, nr-ban'ua (U. S.) Urbiuo, opr-bi'no (It.) Urboo, opr-bpp' (Per.) Urdache, (ir-dashe' (j'r.) Ures, or Souora, pp'resse, sO-no'ra (Mex.i r, Uri, pp'ri (Switz. Mex.) Urique, pu'ri-ke (Mex.) UriquUlo, oo-ri-kil' (-kii) jo (Mex.) Urk, pork "(Neth.) ist. Urmond, ppr'nipnd (Netli.) Urnaschen, ppre'nasb'eu (Switz ) Urnen, ppr'nen (Switz.) I'rsiad, pprs'sad (Austr.) Uruara, op-rpp-a'ra (Braz.) r UnibugudTj, pp-rpp-bpp-gpo-a'ra (Braz.) I. UrugUHV. or BaiiJa Oriental, oo-rop-gop'i (Braz); I'-ru-guay' (,Eng.) Usclades, Os-klade' (Vr,) Ubcz, ppstib (Prus.) Usedoti), op'ze-dpm (Prus.) Uselbacb, op'zel-bach (Ger.) r. Usbant, u-sliang (Fr.) £*/. Usiugeu, pp'zing-eu (Ger.) Usinovsk, oo-si-novsk' (K.) Uslar, pps'iar (Ger.) Ussel As-sei* (Fr.) Ustica, oos'ti-ka (It.) hi. Ust-Urt,' idst-tlrte (As.) Usumasinta, oo-soo-uta-sin'ta (Mex) r. Utah, u'tab (U. S.) Utica, u'ti-ka (U. S.) Utiel, oo-li-el' (Pen ) Utila, po'ti-la (Mex.) isl Uto, oo'to (Sc. Pen.) if/. Utrecht, po'tredht (Neth.) ; u'trekt (Eug ) Utrera, pcKtre'ra (Pen ) Utstrup, opt'stropp (Den.) Utweiler, opt-vi'ler (Switz.) Uwchlau, ypok'lan (U. S.) Uzerche, (i-zersh (Fr.) Uzfes, tl-zace (Fr.) Uzuacli, ppts'iiach (Switz.) Uiweiler, pots'n'ler (Ssviiz.) V. Va&elsbye, vo'els-hft' (Den ) Vaagsoe, vog'si^ (Sc. Pen.) Vaalteen, vale'tene (Neth ) Vaarsaae, vore'so (Den.) Vacaria, va-ka'ri-a (Braz.) Vacasansa vak-a-san'sa (U. S) Vacasansa, vak-a-san'ea (U. 8.) b. Vacca, vak'ka (It.) isl. Vado, va'do (It.) Vadovskoe, va'dovsk-^' (R.) Va^ va'ga (R.) r. Vaida, va-i'da (Anstr.) Vaida Hunyad, va-i'da hpou'yad (Auslr.) Vaiily, va-i-ji' or val-yi' (Fr.) Vai^on, va-zgng' (Fr.) Val de Bagne, vai de bany (Switz.) Val de Caballeros, val' de ka-bal'ye-r03 (Pen.) Val de Juzo, val de chpp'iho (Pen.) Val de Penas, val de penyas (Pen.) Val de Rbone, val de rone (Switz.) Val di Dimoue, val di di-rao'ue (It.) Val di Mazzara, val di niat-dza'ra (It ) Val di Noto, val di no'to (U.) Valais, va-la' (It.) Valais. or Wall]?, va-Ia', val'lis (Switz.) Valan^ay, va-lang-sa' (Fr.) Valazote, va-la-tho'te (Pen ) Valeour, val'kppr (U. S.) Valdeazores. vai'de-a-tho'resse (Pen.) Valdelacasa val'de-la-ka'sa (Pen.) Valdemaqueda. val'de-ma-ke'da (Pen.) Vaidemoro, val'de-njo'ro (Pen ) Valdepasso, vaPde-pas'so (Pen.; Valdepielago, val'de-pi-^-la'go (Pen.) Valdesanti^o, val'de-san-ti-a'go (Pen ) Valdeslillas, val'de-siil'yas (Pen.) Valdivia, val-di'vi-a (CliiU) Valeggio, va-led'go (It ) Valenca, va-Ien'sa (Braz.) A'altrnca do Miuho, va-len'sa do nuu'yo (Pen.) Valence, va-Iangse (Fr.t Valencia, or Valeutia, va-leu'tbi-a (Pen ) Valencia de Alcantara, va-leu'tbi-a de al-kau- tii'ra (Pen.) Valenciennes, va-lang-si-6nc' (Tr.) Valenda*, va-Ien'das (Switz.) Valeni. va-le'ni (Tur.) Valentano, va-len-la'ar> (It.) Valentine, va-lang-tine' (Fr.) Valenza, va-len'dza (It.) Valetla, va-lei'ta (It.) Valgarana, va!-ga-ra'na (It.) Valhalla, val-hal'la (Ger.) Viilines, va-fiae' (Fr.) Valjesara, val-ye-sa'ra (Austr.) Valladolid, val'va-do-Ed' (Pen. Mex.) Valle Fertil. val've fer-til' (S. Am.) Valle, le, le viile'('l;>.) Valle. Rio del, h'o del vil'ye (S. Am ) Vallegio, val-le'dgo (It.) Vallenisl, val-fe-ni'si (Tur) Vallensved, val'len-swed (Den ) Valles, val'yesse (Mex.) Vallo, val'lo (It.) Valmasedn, val'ma-se'da (Pen.) Valmojado, viil'mo-iha'do (Pen.) Valognes. va-16ny' (Fr.) Vaiona, va-l6'na (Tiir.) Valona, va-l6'na (Tur.) ^. Valone, va-l6'ne (It) Valparaiso, val-pa-ri'so (Chili) Valsequillo, vai'se-kil'yo (Pen.) Valtehne, val-te-fi'ne (It.) VaUeUiua, val-tel-li'na (It.) Valvasnre, vaUva-so're (It.) Valverda, val-ver'da (Pen ) Van, van (Tur.) Van Diemeu'a Land, van di'meus land (Austral.) Vancouver's Isl. van-koo'ver ',X. Am.) Vandalia, van-da'D-a (U. S.) Vannen, van'nea (Sc. Pen) Vannes, van (Kr.) Vans, les, le viitig (Fr.) Vausburg, vaas'boprg: (Pros.) Var, var (Fr.) d^p,' Var, var (lU) r. Vara, va ra (Ii.) r. Varallo, va-ral'lo (It.) Varanger F>rd, va-rang'er fiortl (Sc. Fen ) Varano, va-ra'no (It.) Varano, va-ra'no (It.) /. Varchinin, varcli-miue' (Prns.) Vardoehuus. var'dcTi-hpo*' (Sc, Pen ) Vareu, va'reo (Switz.) Varenue, vii-rfine' (Fr.) r. Varennes, va-rfine' (Fr.) Varick, var'ick (U. S ) Varin, va-rine' (Austr.) Varinas, ya-ri'uas (S. Am.) Varna, var'na (U. S.) Vas Kon, vas kon (.Austr.) Vasa, vii'sa (R.) Vasilevka, va-si-lev'ka (R.) Vasilika, va-si'fi-ka (Gr ) Vasquez, vas'keth (Austral.) isl. Vasay, va*-si' (Fr.) Vasto d'Aramone, vas'lo dam-nio'ne (It) Vataka, va-ta'ka (Gr.) It. Vattis, vat'tis (Switz.) Vaubacourt, vo-ba-kpor* (Fr.) Vanbadoo, \o-ba-dpng' (Fr.) Vaucluse, vo-kliUe''(Fr.j rf^/j, Vaud. or Waadt, vo, vate (Switz ) Vaudreuil, v6-dreiily' (Can.) Vaudrey, vo-dri' (Fr.) Vauhon, vO-fi-ong' (Switz.) Vauvrier. v6-vri^' (Switi.) Veccbiol Point, vek'ki-ol (It.) Vecht. vecht (Neth) r. Vechta, veoh'ta (Ger.) Veczk, vetchk (Austr.) Vedelsborg. vg'dels-borg (Den ) Veendam, vfine'dam (Netli) Veenendaal. v^'uen-diile (Nelli.) Veer, vera (Neth.) Veere, ve're (Neth.) Vega, la, la ve'ga (W. Ind. Pen.) Vega de Supia, ve'ga de spo'pi-a (S. Am.) Vega de Tera, ve'^a de te'ra (Pen.) Vegaloinoso, ve-ga-lo-mo'so (Pen.) Vegesack, v6'ge-zak (Ger.) Veglia, vel'ya (Austr.) isl. Veile, \i'le (Den) Veiros, vi'ros (Pen.) Veiruni, vi'rppm (Den ) Vejer, ve-6her' (Pen ) Velaine, ve-iane' (Fr.) Velan, ve-Iang' (Switz ) Velas Point, vc'las (Mex.) Velasco, ve-las*ko (U. S.) Velasquez, ve-iris'keth (-kcsae) (Mex.) Velden. fel'den (Ger.) Veldlioren. veii'ho-reu (Neth ) Veletre, ve-le'tre (It.) Velez Blanco, ve'leth blan'ko (Pen.) Vclez de Beududalla, ve'leth de ben-dpo-dal'- ya ( Pen.) Velei Malaga, ve'leth ma'la-ga (Pen.) Velez Rubio, ve'leth rpp'bi-o (Pen.) Veiha Barra. vel'ya bar' ra (Uraz.) Velhs, Cabella da.'ka-bel'ya da vel'y a (Braz ) b. Velhas, vel'yas (.Braz.) r. Velbo, vel'vo (Pen.) Vclilla, ve-li.'ya (Pen.) Velilla?, ve-lil'yas (Pen.) VeUnco, vc-lin'ko (It.) r. Velines, ve-hne' (Fr.) Velkeruiarkt, fel'ker-markt (Austr ) VelUn, vel-line' (Neth.) Velomelii, ve-lo-oie'la (Gr.) mt. Velp, velp (Nelb.) Velpke, felp'ke (Ger.) VeUique, vel-sike' (Neth.) Velva, vel'va (R-) r. Vemdfden, vem-da'len (Sc. Feu.) Venieiro, ve-rai'ro (Pen ) Ven, veuc (Den.) ul. Venafro, ve-na'iro (It ) Venasque. v^-nas'ke (Pen.> Venda Nova, ven'da.u6'va (Pen) Vendue, vang-de' (Fr.) dfp. Venden, ven'den (R.) Vendeuil, vang-deuly' (-deili'i (Fr.) Vendola, veu'do-Ia (Austral.) ul- Fr. short hfil ; Vr long ^ short eti, as in spur; Final 1y, Vr. 1 nioudle; A«"ger, vi"ciou9 ; g xs s in pleasure; ^ ih guttural ; ny hqnid. Hi as in pith, 498 PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAME^ VcttJomc, viing-Joine (I'r.) Veiiezia, or Venice, ve-ne dzi-a (It.) Venezuela, ve-uc-thoo-e'la (s. Am); icu-e- zoo-e'la (Eng.) Venliuisen, ven'lioi-zen (tietli.) Veni Vallev, ve-iiV (Switz.) Vei.ice, 01- Veuezia, veii'iss (It) Venlo, ven'lo (Netli.) Venloo, ven'lo (Netli.) Vennei-gaaril, veu'ner-goiic (Ueii.) Veuosa, ve-lio'sa (It.) .,, VeuHi de la Guia, ven'ta dc la Ri » <', ^": . ; . Venta de S. Lucia, veu'ta de 8aa ta loo llii-. Veute tarucnle, veu'te lii foci-en'le (Pen.) Veutaillac, viing-tiil' (-lal') jak (Fr ) Ventes, Grande, i;riingile vaiigte Clr.j Vcntileguc, veu'ti-le'ge (It.) .'/. Ventilla, la, la ven-til'.va (S. Am.) Venzonc. veu-dzo'ne (It.) Vera, ve'ra (Pen.) Vera Cruz, ve'ra krooth (kroos) (.Mex.) Veragsia, ve-rad'clia (It.) Veragua, ve-rii'pgu-a (W. Iiid.) Verb'erie, ver-liri' U'r.l Verbier, ver-M-e' (Swilz.) Vercelli, ver-cliel'li (It.) Verde, ver'de. (vCrdel (W. Tiul.) c. Verde, ver'de (Mex. S. Aui.) r. Verden, lerden (Ger.) Verdo, ver'do (It.) mt. Verdun, ver-iloon' (l'<*n.) Verdu", ver-deung' (I'r.) Vere, ve're or v&re (W. lud ) Verg'a, ief'ga (Af.) c. ^ Vergeiiuea, ver-dgens (U. S ) Verin, ve-rin' (I'eu.) Verlame, vcr-lame' (Netli.) Vermanton, ver-miiiig-toug' (Ir) Vermelho, ver-niel'yo (liraz.) r. Vermont, ver-mnnt' (U. S ) Veraanio, ver-na'mo (^c. Pen ) Vernet Bas, Ic. lii ver-ne ba (Fr.) Verneuil, vei-ne'tlls' or yer-nem (fr.) Verneuse. vtir-iie'iize' (Fr.) Vernon, ver-uong' (Fr ) Veruou.v, ver-noo' (l-'r.i Verocze, ve-ro'clie (Austr.) Verona, ve-ro'na (It.) Verplaiiek, ver-plauk' (U. S.) Verriferes, ver-ri fire' (Switz.) Verrua, ver-roo'a (It) Versailles, ver-salj' or ver-sai (It.), ver- sales' (Ens;.) Vcrseignes, ver-seuj' (Fr.) Versentino, ver-sen-ti'uo (U.) Versoi.v, ver-swa' (Switz.) , ,_ , Vert Galaiit, le, lii vere ga-laog (t'r.) Verviers, ver-vi-e' (Nctli.) Vervins, ver-vang' (Fr.) Vescia, ve'slii-a (Switz.) Vescovato, vea-ko-va'to (It ) Vesebye, ve'sc-bft (Den ) Vesin, ve-siiie or ve-saug (Melli ) Vcsle, veie (Fr.) r-_ V^soul, ve-zool' (Fi.) VessauK, veBSe-so' (Fr.) Vest Fjorden, vest ftoi'den (oc. 1 cii.) Vestvig, vest'vig (So. Pen.) Vesuvius, Vesuvio, ve-sii'vi-us, ve-zoo-vio (It.) ml. Vetros, ve-troz' (Sivitz.) Veue, ve'i (Fr.) , , „ , Veurdre, la, la vetirdr (I ■•■) Veuves, veVe (Fr.) Vtvay, ve-va' (U. S.) Vevey, ve-va' (Switz.) Viana, vi-a'iia (Pen.) Viauen, vi-a'nea (IVelli.) Viar, vi-ir' (Pen.) r. Viareggio, vi'ii-red'go (It) Viarouge, vi-a-rooge' (rr.) Vialka, vi-al'ka (K.) r Viborg, or Wiborg, vi lioiu (uen.) Vibro, vVbro (Ueu ) Vic, vik (Pen.) Vic le Fesq, vik le fesk (It.) Vic sur Losse, vik sir loce (I r.) Viccliio, vik'ki-o (It.) . ,D.,„< Viceucio Villa, vi-theu'tlu-o m1 ya (S. Am ) Vicentiuo, vi-clieii-ti'no (It.) Viceuza, vi-cbeii'dza (It.) Viciosas. vi-thi (-si-l o'»as (.Mex.) u'. Vico, vVko(lt) , Vico So|iiauo, vi'ko so-pia no (!>»ltz ) Vicolosano, vi'ko-lo-sa'no (Pen.) Vidigueira, vi'di-gi'ra (Pen ) Vidio, \i'di-n (Pen) c Vidreras, vi-dre'riis (Pen.) Vieclitacli, vielie'tiidh (Ger.) Vieclitag, vnilie'tag (Ger.) Vielle, la, la vi-ely' (-ei') (Can ) I. Viedle, Ville la, vile lit vi-ely (-ei I (it .) Vicira, vi-i'ra (Pen.) Vieia Villa, vi-e'61ia v;l va (S. Am.) Viejas Gualdias, Vl-e'dlias gopai dl-as (Pen ) Viejo Porto, vi-e'dlio (S. Am.) Vieio Porto, vi-e'6lio (S. Am ) r. Viel Salm, viel' salm (Netli.) Vienna, or Wien, vi-in'ni, vine (Austr ) Vieiiuc, vi-Sne' (Fr.) dep. Vienunis, vi-eu-uwa' (Fr ) Viersoe, vire'se'd (i)eii.) Vierzou, vi-er-zong' (Fr.) Vicsti, vi-esse'ti (U.) , , ,, , Vieux Boucau, vi-eti' boo-ku (r i ) Vifvild, vi'filJe (Den.) Vi"evauo, vi-je-va'nn (It.) Viguauo, vin-ya'uo (It.) Viguola. vin'>o-la (It.) Vigo, vi'go (Pen.) Vigo Ria, vi'go ri'a (Pen.) Vigten, vig'teu (So. Pen.) nt VUiiers, vi-i-e' (Fr.) Viibyc, vi'li(i(Deu.) Viig, vig(Sc. Pen) Vilacastiu, vi'la-kas-tin (leii.) Vilagos, n-lii'gos (Au^t^•.) Vilaine, vi-lane' (Fr.) r. Vilalla, vi-liil'ya (S. Am ) Vilarcliao, vi-liir-cbii'o (1 en.) Vilcabaniba, vil-kii-bam'ba (s. Am.) Vili^udino, vi'li-goo-di'no (Pen ) Villa Bella, vil'la bel'la (Braz.i Villa Blanea, vil'yablan'ka (Pen) _ Villa Boa, or Goyaz, vil'ya boo, go-yalh (Braz.) .,,. .,, . Villa de Frailes. vil'ya de Ira'desse (Pen ) Villa de Bey. vil'ja de ri (Pen.) ,,,.,, Villa de Sta Cruz, vil'ya de sau la krootli (Al.) Villa Flor, vil'ya ilore' (Pen.) Villa Franca, vil'ya Irau'ka (1 en ) Villa Franca, vil'la fian'ka (It ) Villa Maria, vil'ya ma-ri'a iBraz.) . _ Villa Nova ila llainlia, vil'ya no va da iin ja Villa Real, vil'ya re-iil' (Pen. S. Aui ) Villa Rica, vil'ya ri'ka (S. Am ) Villa Verde, vil'ya ver'de (Braz.) Villabrazara, vil'ya-bra-thara (Pen ) ViUacli, vll'ladh (Austr.) Villacidro, vil'la-ciii'dro (It) Vlllafermosa, vil'ya-fcr-mo sa (1 eu.) Villafranca, vil'ya-trau'ka (len.) Villafranca, vil'la-friin'ka (It) . ,,. , Villafranca de los Abujas, vil ya-tran ka il^ los a-boo'ilias (Pen ) ViUafruela, vil'ya-froo-e'la (Pen.) ViUagrusa, vil'yii-grciu'aa (1 eli.) Villafiarta, vil'ja-ar'ta (Pen.) Villaherniosa, vil'yii ei-mo sa (Mex ) ViUajoyosa, vil'yii-ibo-yo'sa (Pen.) ViUaliico, vil'ya-la'ko (Pen.) Villalar, vil'yii-lar' (Pen.) Villallia, vil-yiil'lia (Feu.) Vilalpardo, Vil-yal-par'do (1 en.) Villaraiinan, vil'yama-nan (1 eu.) Villamauriquc, vil'yii-raou-n ke (1 en ) Villamrjor, vil'ja-inp-6li6r (Peu.) Villamiel, vil'ya-roi-el' (Pen.) Villaniorcliaute, vil'va-nior-clian te (Pen.) VUlamoros, vil'ya-mo'ros (leu.) Villauova. vil'la-uo'vii (It) ViUanubla, vil'sa-noo'bla (1 en.) Villanueva, vil'ya-noo.e va Mex. 1 ujo Villenueva del Uuque, Vll'ya-noo-e va del dog'ke(Pen) Villaodrid, vil'ja-O-ilml (len.) ViUapadierna, ,,1 ya-pa-di-er na (Pen) Villapuzzu, villa-liogt-ilzog (It.) ViUar, vil-yiir' (Pen.) Villar. el, el vil-yar' (Pen.) Villar de Fradesf vil-ya." Je fra'desse Pn ) Villar de Gauas, vil-yar' d? gan yas (I en.) Villarabledo, vd'yi-ra-ble do (Pen.) Viiiard, vil-jare''or vii-are' (Fr.) Vdlareal, vil'va-re-al' (Pen ) vol-ka'i ViUai-ica Volcano, vil'ja-nk (S. Am.) Villarino, vil-jii-ii'no (Peu.) Villarios, vil'la-ri'os (It) Villarodi-igo, vil'ya-ro-dn go (Pen. ViUarrubeno, vil'yar-ro-be dho (Pen ) ViUars, vil-yiire' or vii-are (Swilz.) VUlara Bocage, vil-yare' (vll-are ) bo-kagi (Fr.) Vaiarta, vil-jiir'ta (Pen.) Villaizel, vil-lir-ts6l' (Switz) Villasipliz, viPya-si-plith (Pen.) Villatoro, vil'ya-to'ro (Pen.) Viilavanez, vil'ya-vii-iietli' (Pen.) Villaviciosa, nl'yii-vi-ttii-6'sa (Peu.) ViUcauas, vil-ki'mis (Pen.) Ville Contul, vile kong-tal' (Fr.) Ville Dieu, vile dietl' (Fr.) Villeau Brun, le. le vi-lo' breilng (I r.) Villcdieu, vde-diell' (Fr.) Vdlefaux, vile-fo' (Fr.) Villefort. vile-fore' (Fr.) Villefranelie, vile-fiaugsbe (Ir.) Villel, vil-yel' (Pen.) Villempui. vi-lang-pfli' (Fr.) Villeua, vil-ye'na (Pen.) Villeneuve, vile-netive' (Switz.) Villeneuve, vile-uetive' (Fr.) Villeneuve d'Agen, vlle-neTlve da-gall2 (I'r) Villeneuve de Marsaii, vile-iieuve de mar- sang' (Fr ) ., , , Villeneuve la Guiard, vile-nelive la gl-are (Fr ) Villeneuve I'ArelieveiiUe, vilc-ne-uve' liirsli- vCke' (Fr.) ., ^ Villeneuve le Roy, vile-neuvc le rwa (fr.) Villestrup, vil'le-stroop (Den.) Villeta, vil-ye'ta (S.Am.) VilUmpenta, vil-lini-pen'ta (It.) Villin.;en, iil'lin-fen (Ger.) Villmmstraud, vil'miin-strand (11.) ViUo do Bispo, vil'yo do liispo (Pen.) Villoslada, vil'yos-la'da (Peu ) Villstrup, vil'stroop (Den.) Vilmar, vil'mar (Ger.) Vilna, vil'na (B ) Viloyo, vi-16'vo (S. Am.) Vils Sound, vds sound (Den.) Vilvestre, vil-vesse'tre (Pen ) Vimeiro, vi-mi'ro (Peu ) Viiiiontier, vi-raong-ti-e' (It) Vinatos, vi-na'rns (Pen.) Viiiay, vi-na' (Fr.) Vinceunes, vang-senne (Vr) Vinceuues, viu-eens' (U. S.) Vinceuzo, vin-cbeu'dzo (It.) Viiicz, vintcb (Austr.) Vindebye, vin'dc-bil (Den.) Vindicari, vin-di-kii'ia (It.) Viudo, viii'Jo (Sc. Pen.) Vinie, viug'e (Den, Sc. Pen.) Vinkcbek, vink'e-bek (Den.) Vinliilsa. vin-uit'sa (11.) Vinoii, vi-nong' (Fr.) Vinlimiglia, viu'li-mil ya (It) Vinuesa, vi-nog-e'sa (Pen.) Vipperow, vip'lie-ro (Ger.) Viques, vike (Switz.) Vire, vire (Fr.) Vireux, vi-reti' (Swilz.) ^ Virginia, vijr-giu'ia (U- ^0 Virlingsbeck. vir'lings-bek (isetli. Virueburg, fir'iie-lioorj i.Ger.) Virton, vir-tong' (Netli.) Visborg, vis'borg (Den.) Visbye, vis'bi) (Den.) Viscardo, vis-kar'do (Gr) c. Viailal, vis'dale (Sc. Pen.) Vise, vi'se (Nctli.) Visekerke, vt'se-ker'ke (Nctli.) Viseruni, vi'se-rgom (Sc. Peu.) Visillo, vi-sil'yo (Peu.) Viso, el, el vi'so (Pen.) Visp, visp (Switz.) Visp, visp (Switz.) 1- Visselliovede, via'sel-bove de (Ger.) Visao, vis'so (It) Vissoye, vis-swa' (Switz ) Vistula, vis'tog-la (Ger.) r. Viterbo, vi-ter'bo (It.) Vitoria, vi-to'ri-a (Pen.) Vitray, v'i-tra' (Fr.) Vitre, vitr' (Fr ) Vitry, vi-tri' (Fr.) .. ,, Vilry sur Marlie, vi-trl sftr marnc (11) Vitteaux, vit-16' (Fr.) Vittoria, rit-to'ri-a (Mex.) Vilzi, vil'zi (Tur.) vU. Vivaros, vi-va'ros (Aiistr.) Vivegnis vi-ven'yi (Neth ) Vivcr, vi'ver (Pen.) Vivero, vi've-ro (Pen.) Vivcrup, vi've-ropp (Den.) Vivievs, vi-vi-e' ^Vs^ Vivoniie, vi-v6ne' (Ir.) Vivoras, vi-v6'ras (S. Am.) l. Vizzini, vit-dzi'ni (It) . Vlaardingen, ylare'duig-en (Netli.) Vladikaukas, vlii'di-kou kas (11) _ Vladimir, vli'ili-niire or vla-dl-mne (k.) '■^ — '- ■ ^ iv .H PI , KOte U6ve move, w oil, book, lor.l ; 1 une, b,|ll. mi F.te, lar, fall vvUat, bat : Mete, prey, help, tUere, l,er> Pine, nianue, bTi^d^flg > «Ote. . Kr. luivg vCc; PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Vlandeu, vlfin'tlen (Nelh.) Vtieland. vli'land (Netli.) Vlodorp, vio'dorp (Nelh.) Vocrl)ier^, fcure'iyierg (Den.) Voerdalsort-ri, lelire'dtils-D'ren (Sc. Pen.) Vogel Sand, vo'gel sand (Neth.) Vogelsber^. fo^'els-ber^'' (Ger.) mL Vogelsilorl", lo'^els-dort' (Prus.) Vogliera, vn-ge'ra (It.) Vogogna, vo-^ou'ya (It.) Viigslia^'eii, fogs'iia'geii (Prus.) Voliriiig, lu'ririj (Glt.) Voiets, vwa (Fr.) Voisage, vwa-ziije' (Fr.) Voko, lO'ko (Au3tr.) r. Vuliia, or Wol^a. vol'ga (R.) t, Volgara. vol-gii'ra (I'ur.) Volhynia, voI-liiVi-a (U.) VoUejie. vnl-lfige (Switz.) VoUenhoven, vol'len-liO'ven (Nelli.) VoUezcels, vgrfe-zCles (Nctb.) Volo, vo'lo (Or.) (/. \'o]one, vo-lone' (Fr.) Volta, Tol'ta (It.) Vulterra, voUter'ra (It ) Voltri. vol'tn (It.) Volturna, vgl-toor'iia (It.) r. Voorbiirg:, \ore'boorg (Nelh.) Voorden, vore'deiV(Neth.) Voorn, vorne (Neth.) Voors, vorse (Neth.) Voortliuizeii, vorte-hoi'zen (Netli.) Voray, vo-ra' (Fr.) Voreppe, v6-rep' (Fr.) Vorsiten, vorg'len (Netli.) Vorjeduder. vOre'ye-doo'der (Sc. Pcu.) vit. Voruez, vor'iiez (R.) Voronov, vo'ro-nny (R.) c. Vorwalde, fore'val-de (Ger.) Vorwerk, fore'verk (Ger.J Vosges, voge (Fr.) dfp. Vosges, voge (Fr.) vtl. Vossevangen, vos'se-viiiis'en (Sc. Pen.) Voulgarn, vool-ga'ra (Gr.) rut. Voulte, la, lii vpolte (Fr ) Vuuziers, voo-ii-e' (Fr.) Vraua, or Ivarina, vra'na, i-vii-ri'na (Tur.) Vredeu, frfi'deii (Ger.) Vreile, vri'le (Den.) Vries, vrise (Neth.) Vrie/en Veen, vn'zen v5ne (Neth.) Vrigsta. vrig'sta (Sc, Pen,) Vrin, friiie (Snitz.) Vrin, friue (Sn-ilz.) I. Vuarens, foo-a'rens (Switz.) Viichiu, voo-dliiae' (Auslr,) Vuka, voo'ka (Austr ) Vukovarj Vgp-k6-VHr' (Austr.) Vulgan, fool'gau (Ger.) VuUeu, fooVlen (Ger.) Vumirorio, vou-nii-i 6'ri-o (Braz ) Vurenn, voo'ren (Nelh.) ¥. Waag, va| (Austr.) r. Waagen, voVeu (Sc. Pen.) isJ. Waal, vale (Ger.) Waalwyk, vale'nke (Neth.) Wabasli, wa'hasli (U. S.) r. Waherri. vii'ljerne (Ger.) Watlienrotli, viiih'en-i ute' Wacliuaett, wa-cligo'set (U. S.) Wacouchee, m a-koo'cliee (U. b,) Wacousta, wu-kous'ta (U. S.) Wailen, The, va'den (Neth.) Wadsleiia. vdd-ste'iia (Sc. Pen.) Waerglien, vare'gen (Nelh.) Waerschout, vai'e'skole (Nctli.) "Waesmuenster, viis-nifta'ster (Neth ) Wageneuing, vii-^e-iK-'ning (Neth.) Wagram, va'^ram (Austr.) Wah el Dakkel, wfth d dak'kcl (Ki; ) Wah el Kargeh, w^h el kar'geh (Lg.) Wahten, vii'ien (Ger. and Switz.) Wahlsassen, viile'ziis-sen (Ger.) Walihtadi, vale'stat (Ger.) Waiseuhard, vi'zen-hart' (Ger.) Waitzen, \il'tsen (Austr.) Walacliia, or Wallachia, lllak, wal-la'ki-a, il- liike' (Tur.) Walchen, viil'dhen (Ger.) /. Wulcheren, vul'^ierne (Neth.): wailer-cn ^ (Kn-.) Walchweiler, valcl.'vi-ler (Switz.) Walcourt, viil'koor (-koort) (Neth.) Wald, viilt (Suitz.) M'aldau, viil'dou il'rus.) AValdeck viil'dek (Ger.) Walden. val'deu (Ger.) Waktenliurg, val'den-bporg (Switz.) Waldheini, valt'li'me (Ger.) ■\Valdkirch, vall'kir^h (Switz.) Waldniuenchen, valt'iniln't^hen (Ger.) Waldsee, vait'ze' (Ger.) Waklshut, vults'lioot' (Ger.) Waldstatt, vait'stat' (Switz.) Walkringen, valk'ring'eii (Switz.) Walla M'alla, wal'lri w^l'la (N. Am.) Walie, val'le (Ger.) Wallenfels, val'len-fels' (Ger.) Wallenstadt, val'len-stat (Switz.) Wallcnstadt, val'Ieii-slat (Switz.) I. Watlkill, wall'kill (U. S.) Wallingford, wal'ling-ford (U. S.) WallomsHck, wal-loom'Siik (U. S) Walloostook, c'r St. John's, wal-Ioos'look (Can.) r. Walpertsweiler, val'iierts-n'Ier (Switz.) Walpole, WMl'poIe (U. S.) Walsrode, A^als'ro'dc (Ger.) Waltersdorf, val'iers-ilgrf (Prus.) Waltersliausen. viirters-hou'zeu (Ger.) Waltham, wal'thum or walt'um (U. S.) Wanah;;lnugen. va'na-glou'gen (Prus.) Wandscliow, vant'sho (Prus.) Wangeii, viing'en (SwJtz.) Wangerin, vang-e-riiie' (Prus.) Waiiriiy, viin-rwa' (Netli.) Wansiedel, vau'zi-dei (Ger.) Wansk-hen, vans-lfi'beu (Prus.) Wansuni, \au'spom (Keih.) WapalikniiettJi, W!i-pali-k6-net'ta (U. S ) Wapistaniscou, wa-pis-tan-is-kou (U. S ) r. WarasdiTi. vii-ras (-liisli-) dine' (Austr.) Waratowalia, wa-rg-lO-wa'h^ (Cmi.) r. Warherg, viir'berg (So. Peu.) Warem, va'iem (Neth.) Waren, va'ren (Ger.) Warez, va'resse (Austr.) Warnemuende, var'ne-mfln'de (Ger. Warsaw, Vnrsovie, Warszawa, vdr-so-v'i', var-sha'va (Fr. Pol. R.) Warta, var'la (R.) Wartenberg, var'len-ber^' (Prus.) Wartenburg, viir'ten-boorg (Prus.) W'arthn, var'ta (Prus.)' * Wartha, viir'ta (Prus.) r. Warwickshire, wftr'rik-shire (Eng.) Wasen, vii'zen (Switz.) Washita (formerly Ouachita), wash'i-tu (U. S.) Wnstitenaw, wash'te-naw (U. S,) Wasserliurg, viis'ser-boorg (Ger ) Wassonaar^ vas'so-niire' (Neth.) Wastijaur, vis'ti-youre (Sc. Pen ) Wasungen, va'zuong-en (Ger) Watala, vit-tii'ia"("R.) Watauga, wa-tau'ga (U. S.) Waterford, wji'ter-ford (Ir.) co. Wateringe, v;"i'te-riiig-e (Neth.) Waterloo, va'ter-lo' (Neth.) M'atervliet, wa'ter-vlett (U. S.) Wattinweiler,'"vat'teD-vi'ler (Switz.) Wattweiler, viit'vi'ier (Switz.) Waupan, wau'pau (U. S ) Wavignies, va-\in-\i' (Fr.) Wnvre, vavi- (Netli!) Wawa, ooii'ooa (Mex.) r. Wayiigamack.' wav-ag'c-niack (Can.) /. Wedel, vfi'del (Ben.) Wedelbrok, v6'del-hrOke (Den.) Wednesbury, wenz'her-ry (Eng.) Weener, vfi'ner (Ger.) Weerdinger, vfire'ding-er (Nelh.) Weert, vfirte (Nelli') Weesp, vCspe (Neth.) Weggis, veg'gis (Switz.) Wegrow, ve'gio (R.) Weffscbeid. ve^'shid (Ger.) Wfhlau, ve'Iuu (Prus.) Weii)ye, vibH (Deu.) Weida, \i'da (Prus.) r. Weiden, vi'deii (Ger.) Weidenburg, ^i'den-hoor^ (Ger.) Weikerdort, n'ker-dort' (Austr.) Weikershetni, vi'kers-tiime' (Ger.) Weil (Wvl), vile (Switz ) Weila (Wyla), vi'bi (Switz) Weilburg, vile'boorg (Ger.) Weillieim, vile'liiriie (Ger.) \Veimar. vi'niar (Ger.) Weinheim, vine'bime (Ger.) AVeiu'iperg, vines'perg (Ger.) Weisdiau, vi'shou (Austr.) WeischentY'ld, vi'shen-felt (Ger.) Weisen, vi'icen (Ger) Weiskurchen, vis'koor'ihen (Austr.) Weissenburg, vis'seh-boorg (Switz. and Ger.) Weisseustein. Ms'sen-stiiie' (Switz.) Weissborn, vis'borne (Switz ) Weisthugen, vist'hoo'geu (Switz.) Weixel, vik'sel (Austr.) Wei.vell)urg, vik'sel-boorg (Austr.) Wekermuende, vC'ker-mlin'de ((3er.) Welle, vei'le (Ger.) Wellmich. vel'niidh (Ger.) Welna, vel'na (Prus.) r. Wtlsbdlich, vels'bil lidh (Ger.) Welsclirono, vel-slnO'no or vels-kro'uo (Switz.) Wclsee, vel'se (Den.) Welseni, vel'sem (Neth) Weltem. vel'lem (Neth.) Weiidenbuett. 1, ven'dtn-bftl'tel (Ger.) Weiidesseu, ven-des'sen (Ger.) Wendlingen, vend'ling-eu (Ger.) Weuer, \t'\\er (Sc. Pen) I.; wfi'ner (Eng.) Wenersberg, vfi'nersberg (Sc. Pen.) Wenershorg, v6'iiers-borg (Sc. Pen.) Weuigerode, ve'ni-go-ro'de (Switz.) Weningen, ve'ning-en (Switz.) Wcrben, ver'hen (Prus.) Werdenherg, ver'den-berj (Switz.) Werfen, ver'fen (Austr.) Weringen, wer'ing-en (Ger.) Werne. ^er'ne (Ger.) Wernitz, ver'nits (Ger,) r. Werra. ver'ra (Ger.) r. Werscliiiz, ver'shits (Austr.) Wertacli, vei'tadh (Ger.) r. W'erth, verte (Ger.) Wesel, ^ 6'zel (Ger.) ; wa'zel (Eng.) Weaen, ve'zen (Switz.) Wescnbcrg, v6'zen-bcrg (R) W^esenburg, vfi'zen-boor^ (Ger.) Wesendorf. vg'zeu-dorf (Ger.) Weser, vft'/er (Ger); wfi'zer (Eng.) Wcser, v£'zer (Ger ) r. Weslingburen, ves'lini'-hoo'ren (Deu.) Wessem, vel'sem (Neth.) ' Wessetin, ves-se-line' (.\ustr.» West Indies, west in jes Westeras, ves'te-rose' (Sc. Pen ) Westerdorf, ves'ter-dorf (Neth.) Westerltolt, ves'ter-holt' (Ger.) Westervelde, ves'ter-vel'de (Neth.) Westervik, ves'ter-vikc' (Sc. Fen.) Westheiui, vest'liinie (Ger.) Wesllaud, vest'^ant (Netli.) Westmoreland, west'more-land (En?.) Westphalia, Westphalen, west-pba'li-a, vest- lii'len (Ger.) Westrum, vest'rpom (Ger.) Westrup, vest'rpnp (Neth.) Wetter, vet'ter (Ger.) Wetteriiorn. vet'ter-home (Switz) Wettt-rn, or Welter, "vet'teni, \et'ter (Sc. Pen.) /. Wettesjarvi, vet'tesse-yarM or vet'te-Bliiir'vj (Sc. Pen.) Wettui, vet-tine' (Ger.) Wetuiiipka, we-tump'ka (U. S,) Wetzlar, vets'liir (Ger.) W'exford, wex'ford (Ir.) co. Wexjoe, vek'sheli (Sc. Pen.) Wey, vi (Switz.) Weyda, vl'da (Ger.) Whamel, \a'niel (Neth.) White Sea, or Bietoe More, bie'lOe mo're (R.) Wiaschim, n-ash''im (Austr.) Wicomico, wi-kom'i-ko (U. S) Wiconisco, vi-kon-is'ko (U. S) Widau, vi'dou (Den.) r. Widawa, vT-da'va (R.) Wiecht. vi^ht (Neth.) Wiedlisbacli. vid'lis-bafh' (Switz.) Witfcls, vi Teh (Ger ) Wielic/.ka, v*i-litch'ka (Austr.) Wieruszow, vi-rpo'sho (R.) Wiesbaden, or Wisbaden, ^ia'hii-deu (Ger.) Wiescn, vi'zen (Sv\ itz ) Witsensleig, vi'zen-sUg (Ger.) Wight, wite (En^.) tV. M'igton, wig'tnn (Scot.) co. Wika, \i'kH (Sc. Pen.) Wildbad, vilt'bat (Ger) Wildenscliaren, \'irden-sha'ren (Den.) Wddliaus, vilt'lious (Switz.) Wildun^eii, vil'dponp-en (Ger.) Willieiriijitein, vil'lielm-stine' (Ger.) Wilhelmsthai, vil'lielMis-tale' (Ger.) Wilkesbarre, wilks'bar-re (U. S.) Willarnmette. or Wallalmiutte, wil-lam'uiet (N. Am.) Willenislad. viVlem-stiit' (Neth.) Ir. short but; Fr.lougeu, short eu, as 11. spur, Fin.d ly, Fr. I mouille; Aii"ger, \-i"cious; gaa sui pleasure; g, 6h gultural; nv liquid; lb as in pith. 60l> PRONUNCIATION' OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Willcnliurjr, vil'len-boorg (Prus.) ■Willimanset, wil-li-maii'set (U. S.) Williniantic, wi!-li-nian'tik (U. S.) Willulinien, vil-Ioo'meu (Pnis.) ^Viluii, or Viliia, vil'iia (R.) Wiiiiis, vil'iiis (Netli.) Wilsdurf.'vils'doprf (Ger.) Wilsnack, vils'nak (FrU3.) Wilater. vil'ster (Den.) "Wilt, vilt (Netlu) Wilishire, wilt'sliire (Eng.) Winjiiiis, vi'mi-nis (Switz.) Wimmciby, vim'iiier-bfl (Sc. Pen.) Wiiidiscli FeUtritz, vin'disli fel'strita (Au3tr.) Windiscligarten, vjn'disli-gar'teii (Aiistr.) Windisclijrraetz, viu'disli-gratse (Austr.) Windsbuch. vint3'ba(Jli (Ger.) Windalieitii, vints'hime (Ger) Winigea, v'i'ui-gen (Switz.) Winnebago, win-ue-l)a'go (Can.) I. Wiuneperween, viirne-per-vGne' (N«tli.) VViiinipeg, win'ui-peg (N. Am.) I. Wiuuipiseogee, win-iii-pis-e-O'ge, viilg. uin- ni-pia-sok'ke iU. S.) l. Winnweiier, vin'vi'ler (Ger.) Uiusen, vin'zen (Ger.) Wiusum, viti'soom (Netli.) Winter Berg, viii'ter berg (Af.) mt. Winter Bergen, viii'ter ber'gen (Af.) Winterberg, vin'ti.'r-berg (Auslr.) Wintersinge, vin'ter-zing'e (Switz.) Wiiiterneld, vin'ter-nelt (Af.) Wiiitertliur, vin'ter-toor' (Switz.) AViiiterweiler. vin'ter-vi'ler (Neth.) Wiodawa, vi-6-da'va (Austr.) Wippcr, vip'per (Ger.) r. Wipperrurtli, vip'per-foort (Ger.) Wnitlijaur, vi'rit-your' (Sc. Pen,) Wirmo, vir'mo (II.) Wirsitz, vir'zits (Prus.) Wirtetiiberg, or Wuerteniberg, vir'tem-berg: (Ger) Wirtlieim, virt'liinie (Ger.) Wisbaden, or Wiesl)aden, v'is'ba-den (Ger.) Wisby, via'bft (Sc. Pen.) Wiscasaet, wis-kas'set (U. S.) Wiachwill, visii'vil (Prus.) Wisconisco. wis-ko-nia'ko (U. S.) Wisconsin, or Wiakunsiiu, wls-kon'sin (-san) (U. S.) Wislok, vis'lok (Austr.) r. Wislokii, vis-iO'ka (Austr.) r. Wismal, vis'niiU (Austr.) Wisnmr, vis'niar (Ger) Wisowiiz, vi'zo-vits (Austr.) Wissek, vis'sek (Prus.) Wis8cnil)ourg, vis-sang-boor' (Fr.) Wissen, vis sen (Ger.) Wiszkow, visb'ko (-koof) (R.) Witlelsbach', vit'tels-buih (Ger.) Witten. vit'teu (Netb.) Witteuberg, vit'ten-ber^ (Prus.) Wittenburg, vit'ten-boorg (Ger ) Wittewierum, vit'te-vi'room (Nelh.) Wiltingen. vit'ting-cn (Neth.) Wittbcb, \\i'\iih (Netb.) Wittmund, vii'moont (Netli ) Witlnau. vit'nnu (Switz.) Wittstock. vit'stok (Prus.) Witzeudon, 'it'sen-dorf (Ger.) Witzenbansen, vit'seu-bim'zen (Ger.) Witzhafeu, vita'ba'fen (Den.) Wodden, vod'den (Den.) Woilnian, vod'in-jin (Austr.) Woelz, velllts (AuHr.) Woerdcn, vore'den (Netb.) Wohlan^ vo'lou (Prus.) Woblen, vo'len (Switz.) Wolcolt, wool'kut (U. S.) Wolfcnbuetttl, vol'fen-bflt'tel (Ger.) WolfenscbicBS, voi'feii-sbis (Switz.) Wolfersdyk, vol'fers-dlke' (Netb.) Wolffen, volffen (Ger.) Woifratsbmisen, voll'rats-liou'zen (Ger) Wolfsberg, volls'berg (Austr.) Wolfsburg, vglfs'boorg (Ger.) Wolfsliageu, vglfs'ba'gen (Ger.) Wolfsbausen, vnlfs'bou'zen (Ger.) Wolpang, voPgangb (Switz.) Woleast, vgl'gast (Prus.) Wolka, vol'ka (Prus.) Woilin, vgl-line' (Prus.) WoIIiabolten. vgl'lis-horten (Switz ) Wolmar, vnl'raar (R.) Wolmirstadt, vol'niir-stat (Prus.) Wolago, vgls'go (Sc. Pen.) Woluwe, vo-loo've (Neth.) Wolvertliam, vgl'ver-tam (Netli.) Woniniela, vgni'mela (Netb.) Woiigrowitz, vnn'gro-vits' (Prus.) Woolwicb, woorUch (Eng.) Worb, vgrb (Switz.) Worbis, vor'bis (Prus.) Worcester, woorat'cr (I^ng.) Worccstcrsbire, woorst'er-sbire (Enji > Wording 1)0 rg, vor't^ingh-borg (Prus.) Worgl, vgrgl (Austr.) Workuni, vgr'kogra (Ncth.) Wormdit, vgrm'dit (Prus.) Wormbont, vOr-mgng' (Fr ) Worms, vorras (Ger.) Wortli, vn'rte (Ger.) VVossegau, vgs'ae-gou' (Prua.) Wottersen, vgL'ter-zen (Den.) Woudricbem, vou'dri^b-ein (Neth) Woxna, vgks'na (Sc. Pen ) Wresclun, vresli'en (Prus) Wrietzin, vri-tsiue' (Prus.) Wuuime, vooni'ine (Ger.) r. Wureu, vgo'ren (Switz.) Wureweiler, voo're-vi'lev (Switz.) Wuertemberg, or "Wirteoiberg, vAi'tem-berg (Ger.) Wuerzburg, or Wucrlzburg, varts'bnorg (Ger.) Wurra, vgorra (Ger.) I. Wnrninnsquick, vgor'miins-kwik' (Ger) Wurzcn, vogr'tsiin (Ger.) Wust, vggs't (Prus.) Wusterbausen, vgo'ster-hou'Kcn (Prus) Wustro\\', vog'stro (Ger.) Wutach, vgg'taSli (Ger ) r. Wutzin, voQ-ts'iue' (Prus.) Wyalusing, w i-a-loo'sing (U. S.) Wyk by Duurstede, vike bi dnov'otfi-de (Netli.) Wyoming, wy-o'niing (U. S.) Wytgaard. vite'ija-rde (Netb.) Wytbe, wilhe (U. S.) X. Xaoua, 6ba'ggg-a (Port. W. InJ ) Xala. dbii'la (Mex.) Xalapa, iba-lii'pa (Mex.) Xalayo, iba-la'yo (-li'yo) (W. Ind.) Xanten, ksan'teu (Ger.) Xaliva San Felipe, ibii-li'va san fe-li'pe (Pen.) Xavier, ilia'vi-er (S. Am.) Xeberos, fiiie-bc'ros (S. Am.) Xenia, ze'ni-a (U. S.) Xenil, or Jeuil, dbe-nil' (Pen.) r. Xeres. ^be'resse (Pen.) Xeri'S de la Frontera, ihe'reaae de lii froii-te'- ra (Pen.) Xero Nisi, ilie'ro n'i'a'i (Gr.) Xertignv, gser-tin-yi' (Fr.) Xexui, cbe'iligg-i (S. Am.) r. Xilo Kaatro, 6bVlo kiis'tro (Gr.) Ximari, 6bi-mii'ri (S. Am.) Xiniena, filn-nie'na (Pen.) Xinienado, 6lii-me-na'do (Pen ) Xiinenes, ibi-me'nes^e (S. Am.) Ximiltepeque, 6bi'mil-te-pe'ke (Mex.) Xinju, or Xiugu, abiu'gog or dli'iii'fibgo (Braz.) f. Xipajapa, 51ii-pii ihii'pa (S. Am.) Xitiquaro, 6bi-ti-koo-a'ro (Mex.) Xivara. fibi-vii'ra ($. Am.) r. XuCLir, ihoo-kJir' (Pen.) r. Xuguiriania, cbog-sii-ri-a'ma (S. Ara.) r. Xurumn, 6ligg-rgo'm;i (S. Am.) r. Yadkiw. yad'kin (U. S.) Yaik, or Ural, vike (R.) r. Yamaska. yii-mas'ka (Can) Yamban, yiim-ha'ri (S. Ar.!.) r. Yameos, yji'me-os (S. Am.) Yamparaea, yani-pii ra'esse (S.Am.) Yana. y.a'na (As,) r. Ynnatilda, ya-nii-tii'tla (S. Am.) Yao. ya'o (S. Am.) r. Yapa, ja'pa (S. Am.) Yarkaud, yar'kiinil (As.) r. Yary, ya'ri (Braz.) r. Yauca, you'ka (S. Am.) r. Yaugueda, you-pe'da (S. Am.) Yazoo, ya-zoo' (IJ. S.) Yberg, i'beii'' (Switz.) Ybicuy, e'bi-koi (S. Am.) Ycari, i-ka'ri (S. Am.) Yebeiies, ye-be'nesse (Pen.) Yecia, ye'kla (Pen.) Yebimes, ye-la'messe (Pen.) Yemen, yem'en (Ar.) Yenisei yeu-'i-se'i (As ) r. Yerliabaeiia. yer-bii-bii-g'ua (S. Am.) Yerd, yerd (Per.) Yezd, yezd (Per.) YfTnioc, ir-i.i-ok' (Fi.) Yic, yik (liraz ) r. Yija, yi'ja (R.) Ylleberg, dl'le-berg (Den.) \lst, ilat (Neth.) Yrnassa, ir-nJis'sa (S. Am.) r. Yrnonville, ir-nOng-vile' (t'r.) Yocallii, yo-kal'yu (S. Ara.) Yonne, yone (Ir.) itrp. Yonne, >6ne (Fr.) r. Yopez, yo'peth (-[icssc) (Mex.) r. York, ygrk (En^.) Yorksliire, ygrk'sbire (Eng.) Youghiogbcny, vob-lio-ga'iiy (U. S.) i*i)uta, or Salt L;iko, you'ta (Mex) Youtas, you'tiis (Mex.) Ypene, i-pe'ne (Braz.) Ypoa, i-p6'a (Braz.) I. Yprcs, or Ypern, ipr, Tpera (Netb.) Ypreville, ipr-rile' (Fr.) Ypsilaiiti, ip-si-lan'ti (II. S.) Ysendyke, i'sen-dike' (Neth.) Yssel, is'sel (Netb.) r. Ysselmond, is'seUmnnd' (Neth.) Ysselsten, is'ael-stene' (Netb.) Yssengeaux, is-sang-go' (Fr.) Ystad, (I'stad (Sc. Pen,) Yucatan, ygg-ka-tan' (Mex.) Yun Nan, ygon nan (Esist. lal ) Yunta, la, lii yoon'ta (Pen.) Yverdun, i-ver-deting' (Switz.) Yvetot. ive-to' (Fr.) Yvi, St., sang ti-vi' (Fr,) Yvorne, i-vorne' (Switz.) Yvre, ivr (Fr.) Yvii, i-vri' (Fr.) Zaamslag, ziime'alii^ (Neth.) Zaandam, /Jine'dam (Neth.) Zabbar, dziib-biir' (It.) Zaboroviu, zii-bo-ro'vi-a (R) Zaborska, za~bgrs'ka (R.) Zacatecas, tha- (aa-) kii-te'kas (Mex.) Zacatula, tha- (sa-) kii-tgg'la (Mex ) Zacbarievska, za-dliii-ri-evs'ka (R.) Zacualipan, tha- (sa'j kgo-d-li-pau' (Mex.) Zaffai'ana, dziif-ra-ra'ua (it.) c. Zafra, tha'fra (Pen.) Zafhlla, thri-fr'il'ya (Pen.) Zagora, zii-go'ra (Tur.) Zagora. za-go'ra (Gr.) }nt. Zagrivotcbna, za-gr'i-vglcb'na (R.) Zacjyra, sii-gi'ra or saj'ra (Austr.) r. Zalamea, tha-la-me'a (Pen.) Zalamea la Real, tha-la-me'a la re-iil' (Pen) Zalaszekzyky, sii-las'sek-si'ki (Austr.) Zalatlina, sa-liit'na (Austr.) Zaioaee, sii'lo-ze' (Auatr.) Zaraba, tbam' ('sam') ba (W. Ind.) b. Zambujal. thclm-bog-iihiil' (Pen.) Zamora, tha- (sa-) mo'ra (Pen. MexJ Zandpoort, zrind'porte (Neth.) Zaudvoort, iiind'fDrte (Neth.) Zanguibar, ziin-^'i-biir' (Af.) Zannone, dzan-no'ne (It) isl. Zanow, tsa'no (Prus.) Zante, zan'te (Gr.) isl. Zanzibar, zan-zi-biir (Af.) Zaonefa, dza-o-ne'fa (It.) Zapote, tha- (sa-) po'te (Mex.) Zara, sii'ra (Austr) Zarben, tsar'ben (Prus.) Zaren de Fuera, tha- (sa-) ren' dc foo-e'ra (W. Ind.) Zarisco, sii-ris'ko (Austr.) Zarruela, thiir-rgo-e'la (Pen ) Zarten, tsilr'teu (Ger.) Zatten, tsriL'ten (Pnis.) Zauditz, tsou'dits (Prus.) Zavista, za-vis'ta ((3r.) mt. Zboro, sbo'ro (Austr.) Zborow, sbo'ro (-rgv) (Austr.) Zealand, ze'land (Netb.) Zealand, or Sjaelland, ze'liiud, si-al'Iand (Den.) isl. Zechlin, tse6b-liue' (Prus.) Zceland, ze'liiud (Netb.) Zcgvcld, zeg'feld (Netb.) Fate, far, fall, wliat, bat; Mete, prey, help, tbfire, her; Pine, marine, bird, fig; Note, dQvc, move, 001 n-olf, book, lord ; Tunc, bull, naite; Fr. long vGe; PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. Zeliden, Ise'dea (I'nis ) Zimerwalil, tsi'mer-valt' (Switz.) Zug der Rugsen, tsoog dcr rooAcn Zehlentefeld, tse-Ien-tc-felL' i,Pru3 ) Zimraetsliausen, tsiiu'raets-hou'zen (Ger.) (Switz.) Zeiblilz, tsibe'lifs (Priis.) Ziunl, dzi'-uiil' (Switz.) Zuid Larcn. zoid la'reii (Neth ) Zeidcnik, tsi'dt-uik (Prus) Zingst. tsiugst (,Frus.) 15/. Zniddorp, zoid'dnrp (Neth.) Zeiilern, tsile'lerii (Gcr.) Ziph, Wilderness of, zif or zifc (Pal.) Zuider Zee, 7,oi'der zc (Netb.) Zeitz, tsits (Prus.) Zirer, si'resse (Austr ) Zuidwolde, zoid'vol'de (Neth.) Zelava, ttie- (se-) lii'yn (Mtx.) Zirknitz, sirk'nits (Austr.) Zuilicheni, zoi'li^b-em (Neth.) Zele, ze'ie (Netli.) Zirl, sirl (Austr.) Ziyar, thpo-uhiir' (Pen.) r. Zelhem, zel'hem (Xetli.) Zittau, tsit'tou (Ger.) Zukau, ts'op'kou (Prus.) Zellc, Isel'le (Ger. Switz.) Zizers, tsi'tsers (Switz ) Zula Laeuaj dzoo'la Id'goo-a (Austr.) Zelline, dzel-li'ne (It.) r. Zloczow. slo'lso (Austr.) Zulcli, tsodlcb (Gt;r.) Zelt, tsett (Ger.) Zmygrod, smiVrod (Austr.) ZuUa, or Suha, ihoo' (990') K-a (S. Am.) r. Zemlinnsk, zem-ri-iinsk' (R,.l Znaim, snime (Austr) Zuluctzin, spo-look-tsine' (Austr.) Zeneta, llie-ne'ta (Pen.) Zueisten, tsni'steu (Switz.) Zumava, tsf'o'-m'ii'ya (Pen.) Zeug:, or Segna, sen?, •Jfiii'ya (Austr.) Znin, shniue (Prus.) Zumuti, dzoo-moo'fi (Switz.) Zenia, seu'ta (Austr.) Znudiicau, snpo-dJi-kii'o (S. Am ) Zuri, dzoo'ri (Austr.) isi. Zerbst, tserbst (Prus.) Zobern. tso'bem (Ger.) Zurich, tsil'riib (Switz ) Zerellera, In, la ttie-rel've-ra (Pen.) Zobteu. tsob'teu (Prns.J Zurich, tsa'rich (Swilz.i !. Zerezat Porto, tTie-re-thiil' (Pen.) Zocco, thok'ko (Pen.) Zusam, t5po-z;ini' (Ger.) r. Zerf. tserf (Ger.) Zoelniondc, zooi'mon-de (Netb.) Zusmarsliausen. tspps'marg-hnu'zen (Ger.) Zerkow, tser'ko (Prus.) Zoest, zonste (Netb.) Zutphen. zoot'feii (Neth.) Zerro. zer'ro (Gr.) r. Zoeterwuudc, zoo'ter-vou"de (Nctb.) Zuurlirak, zpor'briike (At.) Zesch, zesk (Netii ) Zofingen, tso'fing-en (Switz.) Znurc Bay, zop're bi (Af.) Zeteleka. se-te-!eka (Austr.) Zogenweil, tso'gen-nle (Ger.) Zuure Berg, zop're berg (Af ' r. Zuure Berg, zoo're ber^ (Af.) Zeuenroda, tsQi'en-ro'da (Ger.) Zogno, dzon'yo (It.) Zeven, tsfi'len (Ger.) Zogria, zo*gri-a (Gr.) isl. Zuz, tsttts (Switz.; Zevenstar, zfi'ven-iire' (Nctli.) Zolbuua, tsol'boos (Ger.) Zwartdoon, zwiirte'done (Af.) r. Zeveubergen, zfi'ven-ber'gen (Netli.) Zolleuspeiker, sol'len-spi'ker (Den.) Zwarte Ruggeus, zwiir'le rppg'gens (Af.) Zhitomir, or Zitoniirz, z'i'to-uiu'L', slii-lo'nnrsb Zombor, som'bor (Austr.) Zwarte Shis, zwar'le sbis (Netb.) (R.) Zonnebeke, zon'nc-be'ke (Netli) Zwartklip, or Oorlog's Kloof, zwiirte'klij), Zibarasz, s'i'bil-ril«sc' (Austr.) Zorge. tsgr-ge (Ger.) Cire'logs-klfilc (Af ) r. Zicavo. dzi-ka'vo (It.) Zorila, tho-ri'ta (Pen.) Zwarlhuid, zwarte'land (Af) Zicliidorf, tsi61i'i-dorr (Austr) Zorneling, tsor'ne-ling (Ger.) Zweiliausen, tsni'hou'zen (Ger.) Zicker, tsik'er (Prus.) Zottscamp, zots'kamp (Netli.) Zwetfel. tswel'tel (Austr) Zickhusen, tsik-hoo'zen (Ger.) Zsambok, sam'bok (Auslr.) Zwevbrueekcii,orDeux Fonts, tswVbrflkTien Ziebingeu, tsi biiiii-eu (Pms.) ZsariioTia, siir-no'n-a (Austr) ^ '^^^''-^ -..-.- .c ■ Ziegeiiliayn, tsi'gen-bine (Gt-r.) Ziegeukals, tsi'geii-kals (Fnis.) Ziegenruck, tsfgen-rook (Prus.) Zselio, tsho (Ger.) Zweyzimnien, tsni tsim men (switz) Zsolna, sol'na (Austr.) Zwickau, tswik'kou (Ger.) Zubingeii, tsoo'bing-en (Ger) Zwiel, tswi!e(Ger.> Zielentzlg, ts'i-Ieot'si^ tPrus.) Zuclieno, iJipo- (soo-) clie'no (W. Ind.) Zwinder, zwin'der (Neth ) Ziericzee, z'i'iik-ze' (Netli.» Zuellicbau, tsill'licli-ou (Prus.) Zmngeuburg, tswing'eu-berg (Austr.) Zierniki, shire-ni'ki (Prus.) Zuelrich, tsdl'pifib (Prus.) Zwittau. tswit'tou (Austr.) Ziesar, shi-sar' (Prus.) Zuelz, tsfllts (Prus.) Zwittau, tswit'tou (Austr.) r. Ziest, ziste (Netli.) Zuern, thoo-e'ra (Pen.) Zwolle, zwol'le (Netb) Zieza, ttii-e'tha (Pen.) Zufre, thooTre (Pen.) Zwyndrecbt, zwine'dre^bt (Neth.) Zilah, si-la' (Au^tr.) Zug, tsooff (Switz.) Zug, tsop^ (Switz.) /. Zvdaczow, si-tld'tso (-tspv) (Auslr) Zillis, zil'Iis (Neth.) Z'ydowo, shi-do'vo (Prus.) Fr slioit but ■ Vr. 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