AIAAXH TON AHAEKA AnOSTOAHN. 
 
 of tbe twelve Hpostles. 
 
 RECENTLY DISCOVERED A\D PUBLISHED BY ffflLOTHEOS BRTENXfOS, 
 METROPOLITAN OF NICOMEDIA. 
 
 EDITED WITH A TRANSLATION, INTRODUCTION AND NOTES, 
 BY 
 
 ROSWELL D. HITCHCOCK 
 
 AND 
 
 FRANCIS BROWN, 
 
 PROFESSORS IN" UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, NEW YORK.
 
 X
 
 . 
 
 ,7 J ft L

 

 
 AIAAXH 
 TUN AHAEKA 
 
 TEACHING 
 
 THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 RECENTLY DISCOVERED AND PUBLISHED BY PHILOTHEOS 
 BRYENNIOS, METROPOLITAN OF NICOMEDIA. 
 
 EDITED WITH A TRANSLATION, INTRODUCTION 
 AND NOTES, 
 
 BT 
 
 ROSWELL D. HITCHCOCK 
 
 AND 
 
 FRANCIS BROWN, 
 
 PROFESSOUS IN UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, NEW YORK. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. 
 1884. 
 
 5
 
 COPYKIGHT, 1884, BT 
 
 CHARLES SCEIBNER'S SONS.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IN 1875 Philotheos Bryennios, then Metro- 
 politan of Serrae (now Serres), in ancient Mace- 
 donia, published the two Epistles of Clement 
 of Rome, from a manuscript discovered by him 
 in the Library of the Most Holy Sepulchre in 
 Fanar of Constantinople. The last six chapters 
 (60-65) of the First Epistle, and the last eight 
 sections (13-20) of the so-called Second Epistle, 
 had never been published before. The date of 
 the manuscript is 1056 A.D. As desciibed by 
 the finder, " it is an octavo volume, written on 
 
 2054143
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 parchment, in cursive characters, and consists of 
 120 leaves." First conies Chrysostom's Synop- 
 sis of the Books of the Old and New Testa- 
 ment ; then the Epistle of Barnabas ; then the 
 two Epistles of Clement ; then the Teaching of 
 the Twelve Apostles ; then the Epistle of Mary 
 of Cassobelae to Ignatius ; followed by twelve 
 Epistles of Ignatius (the current seven, besides 
 one to the Virgin Mary, and four others). 
 
 The "Teaching of the Twelve Apostles," 
 Ai&x,>7 r&v SuSexa 3 Anoaro^v, occupies leaves 
 76-80 of the manuscript. It now seems strange 
 to us that the document thus announced at- 
 tracted so little attention. This same Bryen- 
 nios, now Metropolitan of Nicomedia, in Asia 
 Minor, has again surprised the literary world by 
 publishing, with an abundance of learned illus- 
 tration, this long-lost document. It is printed 
 in Constantinople, and the date of publication is 
 1883. The genuineness of the document can 
 hardly be doubted. It is cited by Clement of 
 Alexandria in -his First Stroma; by Eusebius,
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 who speaks of it (Hist. iii. 25) as <t&v 3 Anoa- 
 rohuv al fayopevan, &i$a%ai ; and by Athanasius 
 in his 39th Festal Epistle. Bickell and Geb- 
 hardt had recently argued that there must have 
 been some such document underlying both the 
 Seventh Book of the Apostolic Constitutions 
 and the Apostolic Epitome. In 1882 Kra- 
 wutzky undertook, from these sources, to re- 
 cdver and reconstruct the embedded earlier and 
 simpler document ; and with a success 'of the 
 most pronounced and brilliant character, as now 
 tested by the work just published. 
 
 This document belongs undoubtedly to the 
 second century ; possibly as far back as 120 
 A.D., hardly later than 160 A.D. The whole tone 
 of it is archaic. It contradicts nothing belong- 
 ing to that age ; corroborates some things which 
 may henceforth be more strongly emphasized ; 
 and adds some things for which we may well 
 be very profoundly grateful. 
 
 The present editors are happy to be able to 
 put this " Teaching of the Twelve Apostles " so
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 promptly before the American public. The 
 text has been carefully edited. The translation 
 will be found to be studiously literal. A few 
 notes have been added, which, it is hoped, may 
 be of service both to students and to general 
 readers. 
 
 Eos WELL D. HITCHCOCK. 
 FRANCIS BROWN. 
 
 UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, 
 NEW YOBK CITY, March 20, 1884.
 
 AIAAXH 
 TON AHAEKA AnOSTOAHN.
 
 AIAAXH 
 
 TON 
 
 AHAEKA 
 
 Kvpiov Bta rwv BcoBeica aTroa-roXav rot? 
 e&vecriv. 
 
 Ke<f>. a. 'OBol Bvo elcri, fj,ta r^9 &fj<> KOI /u'a rov Savd- 
 TOV, Biacf)opd Be TroXX?) fiera^v rwv Bvo 6Bwv. 
 5 'H fiev ovv 6809 T?;9 ^w^9 ecrrtv avrrj rrpwrov, 
 
 dyaTnjcreis rov &ebv rov Troitjcravrd ere ' Bevre- 
 pov, rov rr\i]criov crov 0)9 creavrov rrdvra Be ocra 
 eav &e\.r)crr)<3 firj <yivecr&ai crot, KOL crv a'XXw fir] 
 Troiei,. TOVTCOV Be rcov \6<ycov f) BiBa^ ecrriv 
 10 avri) ' EvXoyeire TOU9 Karapw^evov^ vfjuv Kal 
 
 vrrep rwv e^Qpow VJAWV, vrjcrrevere 
 roov BICOKOVTOOV v/j,d$ rroia <ya 
 3
 
 TEACHING 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 TEACHING or THE LORD, THROUGH THE TWELVE APOS- 
 TLES, TO THE NATIONS. 
 
 CHAP. I. Two ways there are, one of life and one of 
 death, but there is a great difference between the two 
 ways. The way of life, then, is this : First, thou shalt 
 love the God who made thee ; secondly, thy neighbor 
 as thyself ; and all things whatsoever thou wouldst not 
 have befall thee, thou, too, do not to another. Kow 
 of these words the teaching is this : Bless them that 
 curse you, and pray for your enemies, and fast for 
 them that persecute you : for what thank have ye if ye
 
 AIAAXH TON AQAEKA AIIO2TOAQN. 
 
 eav dyaTraTe rovs dyaTrwvras vfias ; ov%i Kal ra 
 &vrj TO avTo TroLOvaiv ; vfiels Be dy aware rovs 
 
 15 fuo-ovvTas v/jLa<? KOI ov-% eere e^Spov. 'A7re%ov 
 
 T(v aapKLKWv Kal Kocr/^iKfov eTriQv/jiiwv. 'Edv 
 rt? trot Ba> paTTicrfUt et9 rrjv Be^iav 
 arpe-^rov aurco Kal rrjv a\\r)v, Kal ea-rj 
 eav dyyapeva-y ere rts piXiov ev, vTraye /ier' av- 
 
 20 TOV &vo ' eav aprj rt? TO ifidnov <rov, 809 avrro 
 
 Kal rbv yiTwva, eav \dftr) rt9 curb a~ov TO &6v, 
 fi^l aTraiTet ovSe yap Svvacrai. Havrl T&> al- 
 TOVVTI ere St'Sou Kal fir) aTra/ret iraai yap 3e\ei 
 StSotr^at o iraTrjp eK TWV ibtajv 
 
 25 Ma/fapt09 6 SiSovs Kara TIJV evTO\r]V 
 
 yap e&Tiv oval TW \afjLfBdvoini' el /j,ev yap 
 'Xpeiav c^av \afj,/3dvei rt9, a^a3o9 Icrrat o Be 
 M XP ^ av %'X. WV Boixrei SiKyv, IvaTi eXa^Se Kal els 
 TI, ev o'vvo'xfj oe yevofievos e%eTao~Qij(rTai 
 
 30 u>v eTrpa^e, Kal OVK ej;e\evcrTai, 
 
 ov d7ro&a> TOV eo-^aTov KoSpdvrijv. 'A\\d Kal 
 irepl TOVTOV STJ eiprjTai 'ISpcaa-aTO) r, eXefj/jLoav- 
 
 civ 1/9 TIVI 
 
 35 Ke0. yS*. Aevrepa Be evTo\rj r^9 BiBa^ij^ Ov (povevo-eis, 
 
 , ov
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 love them that love you ? Do not the nations also the 
 same ? But love ye them that hate you and ye shall 
 have no enemy. Abstain from the fleshly and worldly 
 lusts. If any one give thee a blow on the right cheek, 
 turn to him the other also, and thou shalt be perfect ; 
 if any one compel thee to go one mile, go with him 
 t\vo ; if any one take thy cloak, give him thy tunic also ; 
 if any one take from thee what is thine, ask it not 
 back; for indeed thou canst not. To every one that 
 asketh thee give, and ask not back; for to all the 
 Father desires to give of his own gracious gifts. Blessed 
 is he that giveth according to the commandment ; for 
 he is guiltless ; wo to him that taketh ; for if, indeed, 
 one taketh who hath need, he shall be guiltless ; but he 
 who hath no need shall give account, why he took, and 
 for what purpose, and coming under arrest shall be ex- 
 amined concerning what he did, and shall not go out 
 thence until he pay the last farthing. But it hath 
 been also said concerning this matter : Let thine alms 
 sweat in thy hands, until thou knowest to whom thou 
 shouldst give. 
 
 CHAP. II. Now the second commandment of the 
 teaching is : Thou shalt not kill, thou shalt not commit 
 adultery, thou shalt not corrupt boys, thou shalt not
 
 AIAAXH TON AQAEKA AHO2TOAQN. 
 
 ov /cXei/ret9, ov fiayevcret,^, ov <f>apfjuitcev(rei<;, ov 
 <j)ovevo~i<> reKVOv ev <fr&opa ovBe yevwrjSev arco- 
 Krevels. OVK eTTiQvfMJffeis ra rov rcK^criov, 
 
 40 OVK e7rtop/c^(7t9, ov ^IrevSofjiapTvpijcreis, ov tcaico- 
 
 Xo777<ret9, ou /ij^crt/ca^o-et?. OVK eery SiyvcafMov 
 ovSe 8t7\&)crcro5 ^0719 jap Qavdrov rj 
 o-t'a. OVK ea-rai 6 \6yos crou i/reuS7; 
 a\\a /Lte/ieo-T&)/iei/09 Trpdjfet,. OVK earj irXeoveK- 
 
 45 TT79 ouSe apira% ovoe vTTOKpiTrjs ovBe KdKorjSijs 
 
 cvSe V7repij<f)avo<;. Ov fotyy ftov\r)v irovrjpav 
 Kara rov rr\i]a'Lov o~ov. Ov /ito - ?;o'et9 irdvra av- 
 Sporrrov, d\\a 01)9 /i> \7^et9, rrepl Se wv rrpocr- 
 evgrj, ou9 Be aryarrrjcreis vrrep rr]v ^v^fjv aov. 
 
 50 Keep. y. TGKVOV /xou, favye drco Travrb? irovypov /cat 
 OTTO 77CMT09 0/MMOV avrov ' Mr) yivov 6^71X09 * 
 oSijyei yap 17 0/37^ 77^09 TOJ^ <f>6vov firjSe %r)\(0- 
 rrjs /JLTjBe ept,o~riKb<$ //.i^Se ^u//.t/co9 e: yap rov- 
 Ttov drcdvrav fybvou yevvwvrai. TCKVOV /^of, (JLVJ 
 
 55 yivov 7riQv[j,r)rrj<$ oBrjyei yap rj 7riQv/j,ia 77/309 
 
 rrjv iropveiav /i^Se alo"%pd\6yo<? fj-r]Be v^frj\6(j)- 
 $aX/xo9 e/c 70/3 TOUTOJ^ arrdvrwv /j,oi%lai yev- 
 v&vrai. TCKVOV f*>ov, fir) yivov olcovocrKOTros ' 
 7ret,Br) oBijyet et9 rrjv eloo)\o\arpeiav ' /i^Se eTra- 
 
 60 04809 p?8 
 
 6
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 commit fornication, thou shalt not steal, tliou shalt not 
 practise magic, thou shalt not use sorcery, thou shalt 
 not slay a child by abortion, nor what is begotten shalt 
 thou destroy. Thou shalt not lust after the things 
 of thy neighbor, thou shalt not forswear thyself, 
 thou shalt not bear false witness, thou shalt not re- 
 vile, thou shalt not bear malice. Thou shalt not be 
 doubled-minded nor doubled-tongued ; for a snare of 
 death is the double tongue. Thy speech shall not be 
 false, nor empty, but filled with doing. Thou shalt not 
 be covetous, nor rapacious, nor a hypocrite, nor malicious, 
 nor arrogant. Thou shalt not take evil counsel against 
 thy neighbor. Thou shalt hate no man, but some thou 
 shalt reprove, and for some thou shalt pray, and some 
 thou shalt love above thy life. 
 
 CHAP. III. My child, flee from every evil thing, and 
 from everything like it. Be not inclined to anger, for 
 anger leadeth to murder ; nor jealous, nor contentious, 
 nor passionate ; for of all these murders are begotten. 
 My child, become not lustful ; for lust leadeth to for- 
 nication ; nor foul-mouthed, nor lofty-eyed ; for of all 
 these things adulteries are begotten. My child, become 
 not an omen-watcher ; since it leadeth into idolatry ; 
 nor an enchanter, nor an astrologer, nor a purifier, nor 
 
 7
 
 AIAAXH TON AQAEKA AHO2TOAQN. 
 
 &e\e avrd J3\e7retv K yap rovrwv d-rrdv- 
 Ttav eiBa)7(.o\aTpeia yevvdrai. TCKVOV /AOV, p,i] 
 yivov 'fyevcrTris CTreiBrj oBrjyei TO ijrevo'/jia 619 
 
 65 e/c yap TOVTWV airdvrwv K\O7ral yevvwvrai. Tere- 
 
 vov fiov, fj,rj yivov 7677^0*09 * eVetS^ 6877764 et9 rr)v 
 
 IK yap rovrcav airdvrwv ^Kaa-^fJiiai, yevvwvrai. 
 "Icr^t Be Trpavs, eirel ol Trpaei? /c\,r)povo/j,ij<rov<ri 
 
 TO rrjv yfjv. Tivov naKpoSvpos real e\,e^fjt,wv /cal 
 
 aKCiKos Kal rjcrv^iot KOI dyaQbs Kal rpejifov 
 \6yov<> Sia iravrbs, ovf ij/covcras. OVK v- 
 treavrov ot>8e Sc6<ret9 rfj "fyv'xfj crov ^acro9. Ov 
 KO\\r)3ija-Tai f) ^rv)(^ crov pera v-^rrjXwv, d\\a 
 
 75 yu,era Siicaicav /cal rajreivwv dvacrrpa^a-r]. Td 
 
 o-vfjiftaLvoirrd aoi evepyjjfiara a>9 dya&a Trpoa- 
 j, eta>9 ori drep 0eov ov&ev yiverai. 
 
 Ke(j>. B'. Te/cvov fiov, rov \a\ovvr6s croi TOV \6yov rov 
 Qeov /J,vr)(r$ij(rr) VVKTOS Kal rjfiepas, TLprfcreis Be 
 
 80 avrbv a>9 Kvpiov o&ev yap r) Kvptor-rjf \a\eiTai, 
 
 exel Kvpios ea-riv. 'EK&Tijcreis Be KO$ rjfiepav 
 TO, irpotrtoTTa TWV dyiojv, '(va eTravaTravrj rot9 
 \6yoi<> avTcov. Ov Tro&ij<rei<> cr^Lcrfia, elpijvev- 
 <ret9 Be /za^oyu.ei/ot/9 ' Kpwei? Bucafas, ov
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 be willing to look upon these things ; for of all these 
 things idolatry is begotten. My child, become not a 
 liar ; since lying leads to theft ; nor avaricious, nor vain- 
 glorious ; for of all these things thefts are begotten. 
 My child, become not a murmurer ; since it leads to 
 blasphemy ; nor presumptuous, nor evil-minded ; for of 
 all these things blasphemies are begotten. But be meek, 
 since the meek shall inherit the earth. Become long- 
 suffering and pitiful and guileless and gentle and good, 
 and tremble continually at the words which thou hast 
 heard. Thou shalt not exalt thyself, nor permit over- 
 boldness to thy soul. Thy soul shall not cleave to the 
 high, but with the righteous and lowly thou shalt 
 dwell. The things that befall thee accept as well- 
 wrought, knowing that without God nothing occurs. 
 
 CHAP. IY. My child, him that speaks to thee the 
 word of God remember night and day, and thou shalt 
 honor him as the Lord ; for where that which pertaineth 
 to the Lord is spoken there the Lord is. And thou shalt 
 seek out daily the faces of the saints that thou mayst be 
 refreshed by their words. Thou shalt not desire division, 
 but shalt make peace between those who contend ; thou
 
 AIAAXH TON AQAEKA AHOSTOAQN. 
 
 85 Trpoffwrrov eXey^at eVt irapaTrrdt^acnv. Ov 81- 
 
 \frvxija-6is, Trorepov ecrrai rf ov. Mr) yivov 77/309 
 fiev TO \ajBelv eKreivwv ras xeipas, 77/305 Be ro 
 Sovvat, o-vcnrwv eav %r)<;, Sta rwv ^eipwv crov 
 Saxreis \vrpwa-iv a/jiapTiwv crov. Ov Sia-rdcreis 
 
 90 Sovvai ovBe SiSou? 'yo ( yyu<ret? yvcaarj yap TI? 
 
 <rriv 6 rov fjita-^ov /caXo? avraTroSoTV)*;. OVK 
 a7roa-Tpa(f)rja-p rov IvSeoftevov, a-vyrcoivavijcrets 
 8e Trdvra rw aSe\^>&) crou KOL OVK epet? l'8ta elvai, 
 el yap ev TO> aSavdrw icoivavoi eVre, 77oo-eij 
 
 95 fia\\ov ev Tot5 ^i^TOi9 ; OVK apet? rrjv X ^P a 
 
 <rov UTTO rov vlov o~ov rj aTTo rrj<? Qvyarpos crov, 
 a\\a a77o veoTijros StSa^et? rov (frdfiov rov 
 Oeov. OVK e77traet<? 8ou\p o~ov 
 
 T069 6774 TOf aVTOV 0OV e\7Tl^OVal,V } V 
 
 100 o~ov, /i?j770Te ov fir) <fio/3 / r)Qijo'ovrai rov eV a/i- 
 
 ^>OT/Dot9 @eoy ou 70/3 ep^erai Kara TrpoawTrov 
 Ka\eo-at, a\V e^>' 01/9 TO 
 'T/z6t9 Se 01 SovXoi V7rorayj)o-ea-&e rot5 
 v/j>wv a>9 Tj/77a> 0eoO eV alcr^vvr} /cat 
 
 105 Mio-rfcre^ irda-av vTroKpicrw /cat 77ay o ^77 a/aea-- 
 
 roi' TOO Kvply. Ov HT) eyKarahiTrys evro\as 
 Kvpiov, <iA,afet5 8e a ir 
 ^et5 A'^Te d<f>aip&v. 'Ev 
 ra Trapa7rr(i)fj,ard cov, /cat ou 7rpoo-e\evo-r) eVt 
 10
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 slialt judge justly, thou shalt not respect persons in con- 
 victing for transgressions. Thou shalt not hesitate 
 whether it shall be or not. Become not one who for tak- 
 ing stretches out the hands, but for giving draws them 
 in ; if thou hast anything, by thy hands thou shalt give 
 a ransom for thy sins. Thou shalt not hesitate to give, 
 nor when giving shalt thou murmur, for thou shalt know 
 who is the good dispenser of the recompense. Thou 
 shalt not turn away the needy, but shalt share all things 
 with thy brother, and shalt not say they are thine own ; 
 for if ye are partners in that which is imperishable, how 
 much more in the perishable things ? Thou slialt not 
 take off thy hand from thy son and from thy daughter, 
 but from youth thou shalt teach them the fear of God. 
 Thou shalt not lay commands in thy bitterness upon thy 
 slave or handmaid, who hope in the same God, lest they 
 perchance shall not fear the God who is over you both ; 
 for he cometh not to call men according to the ap- 
 pearance, but to those whom the Spirit hath made 
 ready. And ye, slaves, ye shall be subject to your lords, 
 as to God's image, in modesty and fear. Thou shalt 
 hate every hypocrisy, and whatever is not pleasing to 
 the Lord. Thou shalt by no means forsake the Lord's 
 commandments, but shalt guard what thou hast received, 
 neither adding to it nor taking from it. In the church
 
 AIAAXH TON AQAEKA AOOSTOAQN. 
 
 110 Trpoaevxyv (TOV eV <rvvei$i]crei Trovypa. Avrij 
 
 fj 6809 TIJS 
 
 e'. 'H Be TOV Qavdrov 0869 e<mv avrrj" 
 
 TTOvrjpd ecrrt /cat Ka-rdpas peariy <f)6voi, 
 
 irL&VfJ,i(U, iropvelai, K\OTrai, et' 
 115 \arpeiai, fiayelai, (^apua/celai, dpTrayai, 
 
 fiapTvpiat,, U7ro/5t'<ret9, 8t7r\OKapBia, 80X09, virep- 
 v)<t>avla, Katcia, av&dSeia, 7r\eovej;ia, alcr')(pd\o- 
 yia, fyj\oTV7ria, SpavvTrjs, /-|ro9, aXa^oveia- 
 Siw/crat dyaSwv, fJUGOvvTe? d\ijQetav, dycnrayV' 
 120 re9 i/rei)8o9, ov ryivaxTKovres p.i<r$ov SiKaio- 
 
 ffvvris, ov KO\\<t)fAvoi dya&a> ovbe Kpitrei dt- 
 Kcua, asypvirvovvTes OVK els TO dyaBov, a\A,' 
 
 649 TO 7TOVT)p6v WV fJiaKpdv 7T paVTr)<$ KOl V7TO- 
 
 fjiovT], fjidraia dryaTrwvres, SicoKovres avrcnro- 
 125 Sofia, OVK e\eovvTe$ TTTW^OV, ov TTOVOVVTCS eVl 
 
 KarcnrovovfJievq), ov yivcacrtcovTes rbv Troirjaavra 
 aurou9, (j)ovei$ Te/cvcov, <f)$opei<> r jr\dafj.a'ro^ &eov, 
 a7roaTpe^>6fj,evoi TOV evSeofievov, 
 TOV 3\i/3d/j,vov, irKovffiwv TrapafcXyToi, 
 130 T0)v avo/jLOi Kpirai, 
 
 diro TOVTCOV 
 
 Ke(f). . "Opa fjij T(9 o"e TrXavrfa"}) diro TavTijs r)9 o8oO 
 r^9 8t8a^7}9. eVet Trape/cro? &eov ere 
 
 12
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 thou shalt confess thy transgressions, and shalt not come 
 forward for thy prayer with an evil conscience. This 
 is the way of life. 
 
 CHAP. Y. Now the way of death is this : first of 
 all it is evil, and full of curse ; murders, adulteries, lusts, 
 fornications, thefts, idolatries, magic arts, sorceries, rob- 
 beries, false testimonies, hypocrisies, duplicity, craft, 
 arrogance, vice, presumptuousness, greed, foul speech, 
 jealousy, over-boldness, loftiness, pretence ; persecutors 
 of the good, hating truth, loving falsehood, knowing not 
 the reward of righteousness, not cleaving to that which 
 is good nor to righteous judgment, on the watch not 
 for good but for evil ; far from whom are meekness 
 and patience, loving vanities, pursuing revenge, not 
 pitying a poor man, not laboring for the distressed, not 
 knowing him that made them, murderers of children, 
 destroyers of the image of God, turning away the 
 needy, oppressing the afflicted, advocates of the rich, 
 lawless judges of the poor, universal sinners : may ye 
 be delivered, children, from all these. 
 
 CHAP. VI. See thr.t no one lead thee astray from 
 this way of the teaching, because apart from God does
 
 AIAAXH TON AQAEKA AIIO2TOAQN. 
 
 El fj,ev yap Buvao~ai ySacrratrat o\ov rbv vybv 
 
 135 TOV Kvpiov, re\eio9 eo~y el S' ov Bvvao~ai, o Bvvrj 
 
 TOVTO iroiei. Ilepl Be 7-7)9 /3/9a>o-ea>9, o Svvaaai 
 
 cnro Se TOV el&aiko&vTOV \iav 
 \arpeta yap earl Qewv 
 
 Ke<f). . Ilepl Be TOV /3a7TTt'(TyLtaTO?, OVTCO 
 140 raOra iravra TrpoetTroj/re?, ySaTTTtVare ei? TO 
 
 TOU Uarpo? Acal roD T/oD /cat TOV dyiov 
 ev vBaTi wim. 'Eav Se fir} e^r}<? 
 et? a\Xo ;S&)3 fta-n-riaov el 8' 01) 
 vvaaai ev 
 
 JTaT/305 /cat Ttov /cai ayt'ov 
 Upb Se roi5 /SaTTTiV^aro? Trpovrja-TevaaTa) 6 fia-rr- 
 TI^COV teal 6 y3a7TTt^o/icyo9 #ai e? rtve? a\\ot 8u- 
 vavTai ' K6\ev(7is Be vrjGTeva'ai TOV /3a7TTio- 
 150 fjievov irpb /ua9 57 Syo. 
 
 '. Al Be injo-Telai, vfjitav pr) eaTaxrav fieTa TWV 
 v7TOKpiTQ)v ' vrjo'Tevovo'i ydp Bevrepa aafBftd- 
 TOJV icai irefiTTTy v/j,ei<; Be vrjaTSuaaTe rer- 
 pdBa teal wapavicevriv. MijBe Trpoo-ev^eo-Qe 
 155 a>9 ot vTTOKpiTai, aXA,' <u*; etceXevaev 6 Kvpios 
 
 ev TW evayyeXio) avTov, OVTCO 
 
 14
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 lie teach thee. For if thou art able to bear the whole 
 yoke of the Lord, thou shalt be perfect ; but if thou art 
 not able, what thou art able, that do. And concerning 
 food, what thou art able, bear ; but of that offered to 
 idols, beware exceedingly ; for it is a worship of dead 
 gods. 
 
 CHAP. VII. Now concerning baptism, thus baptize 
 ye : having first uttered all these things, baptize into the 
 name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy 
 Spirit, in running water. But if thou hast not running 
 water, baptize in other water ; and if thou canst not in 
 cold, then in warm. But if thou hast neither, pour 
 water upon the head thrice, into the name of Father 
 and Son and Holy Spirit. But before the baptism let 
 the baptizer and the baptized fast, and whatever others 
 can ; but the baptized thou shalt command to fast for 
 one or two days before. 
 
 CHAP. VHI. But let not your fastings be appointed 
 in common with the hypocrites ; for they fast on the 
 second day of the week and on the fifth ; but do ye fast 
 during the fourth, and the preparation day. Nor pray 
 ye like the hypocrites, but as the Lord commanded in his
 
 AIAAXH TQN AQAEKA AI1O2TOAQN. 
 
 Ildrep r}/jL(0v 6 ev Tut ovpavw, dyiav^rjra) rb 
 ovo/j.d <TOV, eX^T6> rj fiaaikeia a~ov, 
 ^T^TW TO ^eXvj/jid (7ov to? ev ovpava) /cal eVt 
 160 rbv dprov rj^wv rbv 7riora-iov 809 r)p.lv 
 
 pov Kal a0e? rjfuv rrjv 6(f)i\rjV rj/Auv &>? KOI 
 rot? o^etXeTat? rj/j.(av, Kal pr) 
 et? Treipaa-^ov, aXX^ pvaai ^a? 
 ttTTO rov Trovrjpov OTI (rov <TTIV y Svvajjus teal 77 
 165 So'^a et9 TOU? alwvas. Tpls r^9 rjpepas OVTO) 
 
 Ke(f>. ^'. He-pi Se 
 
 TrpwTOV jrepl rov iroTypiov ' Ev^apiarovnev croi, 
 IlaTep rjfiwv, VTrep rrjs ayias a/A7reXou ^da/StS 
 
 170 TOU 7rat8o9 crou, 175 eyixapicras rjfj.iv Sta 'Iijcrov 
 
 TOV 7ratfio9 o~oi <rot ?J Soa elf rovs alwvas. Tlepl 
 Se TOV K\dcrfjiaro<i ' Ev^apicrTov/JLev trot, Ildrep 
 rjfiwv, virep rfj<i 0)779 Kal yvoxrecos, ^9 eyvcaptaas 
 rj/Aiv Sia 'Irjcrov rov 7ratSo9 o~ov <roi ^ So^a 6/9 
 
 175 TOU9 alwvas. "flcrirep rjv rovro K\dcr/j,a SteaKop- 
 
 TTKT/jLevov eirdvw rwv opewv Kal <rvvajfiev eye- 
 vero ev, ovreo (rvvayfcijrco <rov 77 eKK\t]aia drro 
 rS)v Trepdrcov rfj? yfjs et9 rrjv o-rjv (SacriXeiav 
 on <TOV ea-riv 77 So^a Kal ri Swapis Bid 'Irjaov 
 
 180 Xpia-rov as TOW aiwvas. M^Sek 8e <f)ayera) 
 
 16
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 gospel, thus pray : Our Father who art in heaven, Hal- 
 lowed be thy name, thy kingdom come, thy will be 
 done, as in heaven, so on earth ; our daily bread give us 
 to-day, and forgive us our debt as we also forgive our 
 debtors, and bring us not into temptation, but deliver us 
 from the evil one ; for thine is the power and the glory 
 forever. Three times in the day pray ye thus. 
 
 CHAP. IX. Now concerning the Eucharist, thus give 
 thanks ; first, concerning the cup : We thank thee, our 
 Father, for the holy vine of David thy servant, which 
 thou hast made known to us through Jesus thy servant ; 
 to thee be the glory forever. And concerning the 
 broken bread : We thank thee, our Father, for the life 
 and the knowledge which thou hast made known to us 
 through Jesus thy servant ; to thee be the glory forever. 
 Just as this broken bread was scattered over the hills 
 and having been gathered together became one, so let 
 thy church be gathered together from the ends of the 
 earth into thy kingdom ; for thine is the glory and the 
 power through Jesus Christ forever. But let no one eat
 
 AIAAXH TON AQAEKA AH02TOAQN. 
 
 e TTierw drrb rfjs ev%apio~rias vfAwv, clAA,' oi 
 /SaTTTio-^ef Te? et? ov o/xa Kvpiov KOI yap rrepl 
 rovrov eiprjtcev 6 Kupios Mrj Swre TO ayiov rot? 
 
 185 Ke<f>. i. Mera 8e TO efj,7r\r)<r*:5f) 
 
 ffare Ev / %apicrTovfj,ei> crot, Ildrep ayte, VTrep rov 
 ayiov Ofd^uaTO? o-of, ou KaTeaKJ)vwaas ev Tat? 
 real v-rrep TT)? yvfaaeca^ KOI Tria- 
 17? eyvwptaas r)iMV &ia 
 
 190 'Iij&ov TOV TratoV? trou <rot 77 Soa elf TOU? 
 
 atwi/a?. ^u, Se&TTora TravTOtcpdrop, e/cTicra? ra 
 irdvra eveicev rov 6v6fj.ar6<f (rov, rpotyijv re KOI 
 rrorov e'SeoKa? Tot9 ai^eo-Trot? ets d-TroXava-iv 'Lva 
 ooi ev^apicrrija-wo-iv, fifuv Se e'^aptcreo Tryeu- 
 
 195 fJLantcrjv rpotyrjv KOI rrorov KOI ^carjv alwviov Sid 
 
 TOV TratSd? aov. Tlpo rrdvrwv 
 croi ori 8vvarb$ el' <roi rj Bda et? Toy? 
 Mvijcr'Srjri, Kvpie, rfjs KK\r)(ria<; o~ov rov pvo~a- 
 o^sat, avrrjv drro vra^To? Trovrjpov /cat TeXetwcrat 
 
 200 avrrjv ev rfj dydirr) aov, Kal avva^ov avrrjv drrb 
 
 rwv rea-adpav dve/mcav, rrjv dyiaa^elcrav et? rrjv 
 crrjv ftaaiXeiav, r\v rjroi^ao'a^ avrrj' on, aov 
 eo~rw TI ovvapis Kal 17 B6a et? rovs 
 
 al TrapeX^erca 6 /cocr/io? 
 
 18
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 or drink of your Eucharist, except those baptized into 
 the Lord's name ; for in regard to this the Lord hath 
 said : Give not that which is holy to the dogs. 
 
 CHAP. X. Now after ye are filled thus do ye give 
 thanks: We thank thee, holy Father, for thy holy 
 name, which thou hast caused to dwell in our hearts, 
 and for the knowledge and faith and immortality which 
 thou hast made known to us through Jesus thy servant ; 
 to thee be the glory forever. Thou, Almighty Master, 
 didst create all things for thy name's sake ; both food 
 and drink thou didst give to men for enjoyment, in 
 order that they might give thanks to thee ; but to us 
 thou hast graciously given spiritual food and drink 
 and eternal life through thy servant. Before all things, 
 we thank thee that thou art powerful ; to thee be the 
 glory forever. Remember, Lord, thy church, to de- 
 liver it from every evil and to make it perfect in thy 
 love, and gather it from the four winds, it, the sancti- 
 fied, into thy kingdom, which thou hast prepared for 
 it ; for thine is the power and the glory forever. Let 
 grace come and let this world pass away. Hosanna to
 
 AIAAXH TON AQAEKA AHO2TOAQN. 
 
 205 'flaavva ra> via> AaftiB. Ei ris ayios CGTIV, e/ - 
 
 ei TI<? OVK eari, fj-eravoetra) 
 Tot? Be irpofyrirais emrpi'jrere 
 
 Tavra iravra, 
 
 210 ra Trpoeiprj/jieva, Be^aa^e avrov eav 5e 
 
 6 8iSd(TKQ)V GTpafais 8c8d<TKT) a\\r 
 TO /caraXOcrat, /AT) avrov a.Kovff^re ' et? 8e TO 
 Trpo&Seivai Siicaiocrvvrjv icai yv&fftv Kvpiov, 
 8e^aa^> avrov a>? Kvpiov. Ilepl Se rtov arroa- 
 215 ToXo>y /ca) irpofyrirwv Kara rb S6y/J.a rov evay- 
 
 yeXtou, ovrca Troirjcrare. Ua? Be arrocrro\os 
 GKK 7T/305 v/ua? Sejfinjra) a>9 Kvpios ' ov 
 Be rjfjtepav p.iav ' eav Be y ^pet'a, /cal rrjv 
 
 220 eo-riv. 'Egepftopevos Be o aTroo-ToXo? ^T/Sey Xa/i- 
 
 ftaverw el/^rj aprov ea)9 ou av\io'^fj eav 6e ap- 
 yvptov alrf), tyev8oTrpo<fcrirr)s earl. Kal rrdvra 
 Trpotyrjrrjv \a\ovvra eV irvev^iarL ov ireipdaere 
 ovBe BiaKpivelre irdaa jap dpapria a0e^) t' r 
 
 225 aerai, avrr) Be r) dpapria ovtc dfa^ijeerai. Ov 
 
 Tray Be 6 XaXwi/ ev irvev^art, Trpotyrjrrjs e'o-T<-V, 
 
 aX?.' euv e%r) row r/wwow Kvpiov. 'Arro ovv 
 
 TWf rpoTTcav yvcoa^ijo-erai, 6 ^evBoTrpocpjjr'r}^ /cal 
 
 20
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 the son of David ! Whoever is holy, let him come ; 
 whoever is not, let him repent. Maranatha. Amen. 
 But permit the prophets to give thanks as much as they 
 will. 
 
 CHAP. XI. Now whoever cometh and teacheth you 
 all these things, before spoken, receive him ; but if the 
 teacher himself turn aside and teach another teaching, 
 so as to overthrow this, do not hear him ; but if he teach 
 so as to promote righteousness and knowledge of the 
 Lord, receive him as the Lord. But in regard to the 
 apostles and prophets, according to the ordinance of the 
 gospel, so do ye. And every apostle who cometh to you, 
 let him be received as the Lord ; but he shall not remain 
 more than one day ; if, however, there be need, then 
 the next day ; but if he remain three days, he is a false 
 prophet. But when the apostle departeth, let him take 
 nothing except bread enough till he lodge again ; but 
 if he ask money, he is a false prophet. And every 
 prophet who speaketh in the spirit, ye shall not try 
 nor judge; for every sin shall be forgiven, but this sin 
 shall not be forgiven. But not every one that speaketh 
 in the spirit is a prophet, but only if he have the ways 
 of the Lord. So from their ways shall the false prophet
 
 AIAAXH TON AQAEKA AIIO2TOAQN. 
 
 6 7rpo<f>iJTr)<;. Kal ?ra? Trpo^T?;? bpitpv rpd- 
 
 230 iretav ev Trvevpan, ov <j>dyerai cnf avrrjs, eloe 
 
 /u.ijye TJrevBoTrpo^iJTrjs eo~ri' iras Be TrpoffrrjTTjs 
 
 BiBdffKwv rrjv a\rf$eiav, el a SiSda-tcet ov Trotec, 
 
 TfrevSoTrpo<f>iJTr)<; ecrrt. Ua? Be TrpcxpiJTrjs SeSoKi- 
 
 Haa-/j.evo<;, a\^ 41/69, iroiuv et? fivaTijpiov xooyu- 
 
 235 KOV eKK\7)<ria<i, fir} BtSdaKcav 8e -rroceiv oaa auro? 
 
 Trotet, ov Kptdtjo-erai e'0' V/JLMV fiera Oeov jap 
 
 e^et Tr]V Kpicnv toa-ayrco? jap eTroiijcrav Kal ol 
 
 ap-)(alot, TrpoQfjrat. "O? S'av SLTTTJ ev TTVCV/JMTI 
 
 Ao<$ [AOL dpyvpia r) erepd riva, OVK d/ 
 
 240 avrov' eav 8e Trepl a\\a)v varepovvrtav 
 
 Sovvai, /AT^Set? avrbv Kpiverco. 
 
 Ke<f>. iff. ITa? Be 6 epx6/j,evo<; ev 6vo/j.art Kvpiov $%- 
 ), evretra Se 8o/ctyLta<roj/Te9 ainbv yvcaaea^e 
 yap e%ere Segtav Kal dpurTepdv. Efaev 
 245 TrapoSto? eo-riv 6 ep^o'/iero?, /So^etre aurc3 oo-ov 
 
 Zv.aaOe' ov fievel Be TTpbs u/xa? el p*r) ovo rj 
 rpels ^/u.epa?, fav fj dvdyKrj. El Be 6e\ei Trpo? 
 Vfia'-i Ka0fj<rai, re^tTT;? &v, epya^eo-^w Kal 
 <f)ayT(o ' el Be OVK e%ei Te%v7)v, Kara rrjv avveaiv 
 250 vfiwv Trpovorjo-are, TTW? firj dpybs fj,e6' V/JLWV tycre- 
 
 rai ^/jto-Tiai/6?. El 8* ov 6eXei ovra) iroietv, XP i(7 ' 
 os e<TTt Trpoare'xeTe cnrb Ttov TOIOVTWV.
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 and the prophet be known. And no prophet who or- 
 ders a meal, in the spirit, eateth of it, unless indeed he 
 is a false prophet ; and every prophet who teacheth the 
 truth, if he do not that which he teacheth, is a false 
 prophet. But every prophet, proved, true, acting with 
 a view to the mystery of the church on earth, but not 
 teaching others to do all that he himself doeth, shall 
 not be judged among you ; for with God he hath his 
 judgment ; for so did the ancient prophets also. But 
 whoever, in the spirit, says : Give me money, or some- 
 thing else, ye shall not hear him ; but if for others in 
 need, he bids you give, let no one judge him. 
 
 CHAP. XII. But let every one that cometh in the 
 Lord's name be received, but afterward ye shall test and 
 know him ; for ye shall have understanding, right and 
 left. If he who comes is a traveller, help him as much 
 as ye can ; but he shall not remain with you, unless for 
 two or three days, if there be necessity. But if he will 
 take up his abode among you, being an artisan, let him 
 work and so eat ; but if he have no trade, provide, 
 according to your understanding, that no idler live 
 with you as a Christian. But if he will not act accord- 
 ing to this, he is one who makes gain out of Christ ; be- 
 ware of such.
 
 AIAAXH TON AQAEKA AIIO2TOAQN. 
 
 Ke(f>. ij' 1 JTa? Be Trpo^rr}^ aX^tpo?, SeXwv 
 
 7rpo9 tyia9, at09 ecru r?}? rpo(f)f)<> avrov. 'flcrav- 
 
 255 T&>9 Si8acr/caXo9 aXrjQivds ecrnv afyos Kal av- 
 
 T09, co97rep 6 e/?7aT?79, r^9 rpoffis avrov. Ha- 
 a-av ovv cnrap-^v yewrjficcTwv \i)vov Kal a\wvo$, 
 ftowv re /cal Trpo/Bdrtav \a(3(av Swaeis rot9 
 <f)ijTcu<;' avrol yap elcnv 91 ap^tep 
 
 260 'Eav Be firj fyffft* TrpcxfrrJTyv, Bore rot9 
 
 'Eav aiTiav 7rot^9j TTfV d'jrap'xfjv Xa/3a>i/ 809 Kara 
 TT)V eino\rjv. 'flvavrws Kepdfuov ol'vov 17 e\aiov 
 dvoigas, TTJV atrap-^v \aftwv 809 rot9 Trpofaj 
 dpyvpiov Se Kal If^aricrfJiov KOI 7ra^T09 
 
 265 Xa/3a)i; T^I/ dirap^v W9 at/ crot Sof?;, 809 
 
 T^y VTO\r)V. 
 
 tS'. Kara KVpiaxrjv Be Kvptov (ruva'x&evTes K\d- 
 aprov Kal ey^aptcrr^cra 
 
 rd TrapaTrroiifjbara u/ncoy, O7r&)9 
 270 ?5 QvGia vfiwv 37. JT9 Se fytov TTJV dp(f)i/3o\iav 
 
 fierd rov eraipov avrov p,r) o"vve\6erco vfj.iv, ea)9 
 ov Bia\\ay&aiv, JW /x^ KOivuQf) f) Ovaia vfiatv 
 avrrj yap e<rnv q pyfleicra VTTO Kvpiov 'Ev 
 iravrl TOTTG) Kal "Xfovw Trpocr^epeiv /JLOI Ovcriav 
 275 Ka&apdv on )8acrtXeu9 ^709 e//u, Aeyet Kvpi- 
 
 09, /cal TO ovopa IJLOV 0avfj,ao-rbv ev rofc edvecn.
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 CHAP. XIII. But every true prophet who will set- 
 tle among you is worthy of his support. Likewise a 
 true teacher, he also is worthy, like the workman, of 
 his support. Every firstfruit, then, of the products of 
 wine-press and threshing-floor, of oxen and of sheep, 
 thou shalt take and give to the prophets ; for they are 
 your high-priests. But if ye have no prophet, give it to 
 the poor. If thou makest a baking of bread, take the 
 first of it and give according to the commandment. In 
 like manner when thou openest a jar of wine or oil, take 
 the first of it and give to the prophets ; and of money and 
 clothing and every possession take the first, as seems 
 right to thee, and give according to the commandment. 
 
 CHAP. XIY. But on the Lord's day do ye assemble 
 and break bread, and give thanks, after confessing your 
 transgressions, in order that your sacrifice may be pure. 
 But every one that hath controversy with his friend, let 
 him not come together with you, until they be reconciled, 
 that your sacrifice may not be profaned. For this is 
 that which was spoken by the Lord : At every place and 
 time, bring me a pure sacrifice ; for a great king am I, 
 saith the Lord, and my name is marvellous among the 
 nations.
 
 AIAAXH TQN AQAEKA AHO2TOAQN. 
 
 Ke<p, t '. XeipoTovr)o~ar ovv eavTols eTTKr/coTrovs KOI 
 BtaKovovs atfiovs rov Kvpiov, avBpas Trpaels teal 
 d<pi\apyvpov<} Kal aX/rjBeis KOI BeBoKifJ,ao~uevov<>' 
 280 vfuv yap \eirovpy overt, KOI avrol rr)v \eirovpyi- 
 
 av TWP Trpo(f>T)TQ)v Kal SiSaafcaXwv. Mr) ovv 
 VTreplBrjre avrovs avrol yap elcriv ol 
 vot vficov fJLera rwv irpo^yrjrwv Kal 
 
 'E\<Y)(6Te Be a\\ij\ovs firj ev opyfj, aAX ev 
 285 elpfjvy, w? X 6T * v T ^ evayyehiq) Kal iravrl 
 
 do-roxpvvTi Kara rov erepov yu-^Set? XaXetra) [MjSe 
 'Trap v/j,c!)v aKOvirto, ecu? ov ^eravorfcrr). Ta? Be 
 WV Kal ra9 eXerjuocrvvas Kal Trdaa? ra9 
 Trot^crare, a>9 e^ere ev TW evayye- 
 290 X/^i) TOV Kvptov r^ 
 
 vtrep 
 
 ) d\\a yiveade eroifjioi ov yap 
 OiBare rrjv &pav, ev y 6 Kvpios rjuwv ep^erai. 
 295 IIvKvws Be a-vva^drja-ecBe fyTOvvre? ra avrjKov- 
 
 ra rat9 xjru^afc vuwv ov yap ftx^eX^crei u/ta9 
 
 6 7Ttt9 ^301/09 T?79 7Tt / (TTe(9 VfjLWV, IttV /JiT) V T&5 
 
 ecr^arm Kaipfi T\eia)0rJT. 'Ev yap rat9 ec 
 
 300 /eat ot fyOopels Kal arpa^rjaovraL ra Trpo/Sara 
 
 26
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 CHAP. XY. Now appoint for yourselves bishops and 
 deacons worthy of the Lord, men meek and not ava- 
 ricious, and upright and proved ; for they, too, render 
 you the service of the prophets and teachers. Despise 
 them not, therefore; for they are the ones who are 
 honored of you, together with the prophets and teachers. 
 
 And reprove one another, not in anger, but in peace, 
 as ye have it in the gospel ; and to every one who erreth 
 against another, let no one speak, nor let him hear any- 
 thing from you, until he repent. But your prayers and 
 your alms and all your deeds so do ye, as ye have it 
 in the gospel of our Lord. 
 
 CHAP. XVI. Watch for your life's sake ; let your 
 lamps not go out, and your loins not be relaxed, but be 
 ready ; for ye know not the hour in which our Lord com- 
 eth. But ye shall come together often, and seek the 
 things which befit your souls ; for the whole time of your 
 faith thus far will not profit you, if ye do not be- 
 come perfect in the last time. For in the last days 
 the false prophets and the corruptors shall be multiplied, 
 and the sheep shall be turned into wolves, and love
 
 AIAAXH TON AGAEKA AII02TOAQN. 
 
 ei? \VKOVS Kal rj dyaTnj (TTpa^)ij(TTai et? 
 av^avovcrijs <yap r?}? avofjiias, fjucrricrovcriv aXkrj- 
 Xov? Kal Bi(t)%ovcri Kal TrapaBcaaovo'i,, Kal Tore 
 (fravrfaeTai, 6 KoafJioifKavos ax; wo<? Oeov Kal troi- 
 
 305 rfcrei a-Tjfieia Kal repara, Kal 17 yrj 7rapaSo0ij(re- 
 
 Tat et? ^etpa? avrov, Kal Troiij&ei ade^na, a 
 ovSeTrore yeyovev et; alwvos. Tore ijgei rj /crt'o-t? 
 TWV av0po)7r(av et? rrjv irvptociv rf)<} 8o/a/ia<Jta<? 
 /cal axavSa\ia-0ijo-ovrat, TroXXot Kal airoKovvrai, 
 
 310 ot Be v7TOfJieivavT<i ev rfj 7ri(rrei avrwv (rco6ij- 
 
 (rovrai VTT' avTov rov /cara^e/iaro?. Kal Tore 
 <]>avija'Tai ra GrjfjLeia T?}? dX^^e^a?' 
 O"r]fjLiov e/CTrerao-ew? ev ovpavaj, elra 
 0a)i^5 <rd\7nyyo<; Kal TO rpirov dvd&rao-is ve- 
 
 315 Kpwv ov Trdvrcov Be, a\X' a>? eppeOij "Hget, 6 
 
 Kvpio? Kal Trai/re? ot' aytot /xer' avrov. Tore 
 6 /cotr/io? ro^ Kvpiov ep^o^evov 
 TOV ovpavov.
 
 TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 
 
 shall be turned into hate; for when lawlessness in- 
 creaseth they shall hate one another, and shall persecute 
 and shall deliver up, and then shall appear the world- 
 deceiver as the Son of God, and shall do signs and won- 
 ders, and the earth shall be given into his hands, and 
 he shall commit iniquities which have never yet been 
 done since the beginning. Then all created men shall 
 come into the fire of trial, and many shall be made to 
 stumble and shall perish. But they that endure in 
 their faith shall be saved from this curse. And then 
 shall appear the signs of the truth ; first the sign of an 
 opening in heaven, then the sign of the trumpet's sound, 
 and thirdly, the resurrection of the dead ; yet not of all, 
 but as it hath been said : The Lord will come and all the 
 saints with him. Then shall the world see the Lord 
 coming upon the clouds of heaven.
 
 USE OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES IN THE 
 "TEACHING." 1 
 
 OLD TESTAMENT. 
 
 U:NK. I LINE. 
 
 *Deut. 5:17-19 35 f. *Sirach 4 : 31 86 f. 
 
 Tobit 4 : 15. . . 7 f . Zech. 14 : 5 ... . . 315 f. 
 
 *Sirach2:4 
 
 *Sirach 4:5.. 
 
 75 f. 
 91 f. 
 
 Mai. 1:11,14 273 f. 
 
 NEW TESTAMENT. 
 
 "Matt. 5:5... . 69 f. 
 
 *Matt. 5:22.., 
 
 284 f. 
 
 *Matt. 5:26 30 f. 
 
 *Matt. 5 : 39-48 16 f. 
 
 Matt. 6 : 5-13 155 f. 
 
 *Matt. 6 and 7 289 
 
 Matt. 7:6 183 f. 
 
 *Matt. 7 : 15-23 215 f. 
 
 *Matt. 10:5-12 215 f. 
 
 *Matt. 10 : 10 256 
 
 *Matt. 12:31 224f. 
 
 *Matt. 18: 15-17 284 
 
 *Matt. 18:21-35 284 
 
 Matt. 21:9 205 
 
 Matt. 22:27-39... 5f. 
 
 *Matt. 24:3-4 298 f. 
 
 *Matt. 24:24-31 313 f. 
 
 *Matt. 24:31 200f. 
 
 *Matt. 24 : 42, 44 291 f. 
 
 Matt 28: 19 140 f. 
 
 "Luke 6 : 27-35 10 
 
 "Luke 9:1-6 215 f. 
 
 "Luke 10: 4-21 215 f. 
 
 Luke 11: 2-4 1551 
 
 "Luke 11 and 12 289 f. 
 
 "Luke 12 : 35 291 f. 
 
 *Acts 4 : 32 92 f. 
 
 *Eph. 6:5,9 103 f. 
 
 *1 Thess. 5 :22 50 f. 
 
 *1 Pet. 2:11... . 15 f. 
 
 1 This table is that of Bryennios, who adds: "By this sign [*] are distinguished 
 the passages which are not verbally cited in the ' Teaching,' and those to which the 
 ' Teaching ' simply refers, with the words, ' As the Lord commanded in the gospel.' " 
 EDS.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 TITI/R, 
 
 Another title is At8oj^ Kvplov 8ia rS>v 8a>8fKa 'AiroordXaw, 
 " Teaching of the Lord through the Twelve Apostles." Atha- 
 nasius also calls it SiSa^i?. But Eusebius (Hist. iii. 25) uses the 
 plural, 8i8axai And Clement of Alexandria cites it as ypa(f>fj. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 P. 2, 1. 8." do not to another "] The Golden Eule occurs 
 both here and in the Apostolic Constitutions (vii. 2), in a nega- 
 tive form, as in the teachings of Confucius. 
 
 P. 2, 1. 11. " fast for them that persecute you "] The em- 
 phasis put upon fasting, here and elsewhere in this document, 
 is no sign of Montanism, since fasting was much emphasized in 
 the early Church, and Montanism itself was, in this respect, only 
 an exaggeration of common usage. 
 
 P. 4, 1. 15. "ye shall have no enemy "] Suggested, appar- 
 ently, by 1 Pet. iii. 13, " And who is he that will harm you, if 
 ye be zealous of that which is good ? " 
 
 P. 4, 1. 22." for indeed thou canst not "] Because Chris- 
 tians were forbidden to "go to law before the unrighteous," 1 Cor. 
 viL
 
 NOTES. 
 
 P. 4, 1. 32. "Let thine alms sweat in thy hands, until thou 
 knowest to whom thou shouldst give "] A very graphic injunc- 
 tion of carefulness in giving. 
 
 CHAP. IL 
 
 P. 4, 1. 36. "thou shalt not corrupt boys"] The ircufcpao-Tia 
 of Classic writers, referred to by Paul in Rom. i. 27. 
 
 P. 6, 1. 38. "by abortion"] Another heathen abomination. 
 
 P. 6, 1. 42, 43. SfyAoxrcr/a] This noun does not occur in 
 Classic Greek, nor in the New Testament, but is found, to- 
 gether with the entire sentence in which it here stands, in the 
 Epistle of Barnabas, Chap. xix. There are many other corre- 
 spondences between that epistle and the present document. 
 
 P. 6, 1. 44. "filled with doing"] i.e., works, deeds, as in 
 Matt. xvi. 27. 
 
 CHAP. m. 
 
 P. 6, 1. 60. "nor a purifier"] Referring to some kind of su- 
 perstitious lustration, perhaps by fire, as in Lev. xviii. 21 ; 
 Deut. xviii. 10. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 P. 10, 1. 87. "for taking stretches out the hands, but for 
 giving draws them in "] Graphic description of taking and 
 giving. 
 
 P. 10, 1. 88. "by thy hands thou shalt give a ransom for 
 thy sins "] Beneficence is better than sacrifice. See Prov. xvi. 
 6, *' By mercy and truth iniquity is purged." 
 
 P. 10, 1. 98." thy slave "] As in the New Testament, so 
 here, the relation of master and slave is not denounced, but 
 regulated. 
 
 33
 
 X 
 
 NOTES. 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 This catalogue of evil things pertaining to the "way of 
 death," reflects only too faithfully the dreadful corruption of 
 the ancient civilization. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 P. 14, 1. 136. "And concerning food, what thou art able, 
 bear "] Nothing is unclean of itself, as Paul says in Bom. xiv. 
 14. And again in 1 Tim. iv. 4, "For every creature of God is 
 good, and nothing is to be rejected, if it be received with 
 thanksgiving." 
 
 CHAP. vn. 
 
 P. 14, 1. 139. "Now, concerning baptism ... in running 
 water"] v8an favri, literally "in living water," water in mo- 
 tion, either as in a fountain, or as in a stream. A picture in the 
 Catacomb of St. Callixtus, dating from about the year 200 A.D., 
 represents a youth standing ankle-deep in water, and receiving 
 baptism by the pouring of water upon his head. [See Northcote 
 and Brownlow's "Koma Sotteranea," Part II., Plate XV.] The 
 passage before us apparently recommends just this mode of per- 
 forming the rite. If this should be impracticable, then fresh 
 cold water might be similarly used [in a font]. If cold water 
 could not be had, warm water would answer. If neither cold 
 nor warm water in sufficient quantity (ankle-deep) could be 
 had, then pouring only (the feet resting on the floor or ground) 
 would suffice. This last is now the Syrian mode of baptism, 
 and probably always has been. This fact, ascertained by the 
 Crusaders (in the third Crusade, 1189-92), and made known 
 through them in Europe, would help to account for Aquinas's 
 definition of baptism, so different from that of Peter Lombard
 
 NOTES. 
 
 about a century before. Lombard's definition requires immer- 
 sion ; Aquinas's definition permits either immersion, pouring, 
 or sprinkling. The Seventh Book of the Apostolic Constitu- 
 tions, at this point (Section xxii.), says nothing about the mode, 
 but prescribes anointing with oil, both before and after bap- 
 tism. Fasting is enjoined in both documents. 
 
 CHAP. VHI. 
 
 P. 14, 1. 154. Trapao-icevTjv] Cf. John xix. 14. 
 
 Wednesday and Friday are named as days of fasting, instead 
 of Monday and Thursday, as observed by "the hypocrites." 
 The Lord's Prayer ends with the Doxology, as in Matthew, in- 
 stead of its being omitted, as in Luke. 
 
 CHAPS. IX., X. 
 These two chapters contain a brief eucharistic liturgy. 
 
 CHAP. XI. 
 
 Apostles and Prophets are described as mere evangelists, or 
 itinerant preachers, who were not expected to remain in one 
 place more than a single day. 
 
 P. 20, 1. 218. fl fjiTj has been inserted in the translation before 
 fiptpav. So Harnack, Theol. Lit. Zelt., Feb. 9, 1884. Cf. p. 22, 
 1. 246. 
 
 CHAP. XII. 
 
 P. 22, 1. 244." Ye shall have understanding right and left "] 
 That is, a complete understanding. See 2 Cor. vi. 7.
 
 NOTES. 
 CHAP. XHI. 
 
 Prophets and teachers are here spoken of as resident minis- 
 ters, entitled to maintenance. They were to have the first- 
 fruits of everytliing. SITU/, in Classic Greek, is the plural of 
 uiriov, meaning "food" in general. Here, as in the Byzantine 
 Greek, it is a singular noun, and means "batch," or "baking 
 of bread." 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 
 The Lord's Day is the day for worship and for the Eucharist. 
 No mention is made of the seventh day of the week. 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 
 P. 26, 1.277. "Now appoint for yourselves," x ft P TOV *l< TaTf 
 ovv favrols] Xfiporoveo) occurs only twice in the New Testament 
 (Acts xiv. 23 ; 2 Cor. viii. 19), and, in both places, means sim- 
 ply to "appoint." Josephus uses the word in the same sense 
 in Ant. xiii. 2, 2, where Alexander Balas, the pretended son of 
 Antiochus Epiphanes, " appoints " Jonathan High Priest. The 
 same meaning appears in Ant. vii. 9, 3 ; vii. 11, 1. In Ant. vi. 
 5, 4, however, the noun ^ftporovia is used of the coronation of 
 Saul. In Josephus, accordingly, the prevailing sense of x ft P* 
 roi/e'co is to "appoint." This is the meaning of the word also in 
 the Epistles of Ignatius (about 115 A.D.). See Philadelphians, 
 Chap. 10 ; Smyrnseans, Chap. 11 ; Poly carp, Chap. 7. 
 
 But in the " Apostolic Canons," I. and H., and in the "Apos- 
 tolic Constitutions," viii. 4, 5, x ft P nrov * (0 means to " ordain." 
 This represents the usage of the third century, as the New Tes- 
 tament, Josephus, and Ignatius represent the usage of the first 
 and second centuries.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Now, it is noteworthy, that in the "Apostolic Constitutions," 
 vii. 31 (the section corresponding to the passage before us), the 
 word employed is not x fl P OTOV * u >> which then meant " ordain," 
 but rrpoxeipi'fo/ixai, a new usage having obtained. In this fif- 
 teenth chapter of the "Teaching," ^ttporovew is employed, evi- 
 dently, in its original sense of "appoint." This indicates the 
 high antiquity of the document, antedating by decades, if not 
 by a whole century, the "Apostolic Canons" and the "Apos- 
 tolic Constitutions." 
 
 As for the officers to be "appointed," only Bishops and Dea- 
 cons are mentioned. By Bishops must, of course, be meant 
 Presbyters, or Elders. There is no sign of a Bishop as distin- 
 guished from a Presbyter ; nor of a Ruling Elder as distin- 
 guished from a Teaching Elder ; and, apparently, there was in 
 each congregation a plurality both of Bishops (or Elders) and 
 Deacons. 
 
 CHAP. XVI. 
 
 The document concludes with a vision of the Lord coming 
 upon the clouds of heaven, and all the saints with him. The 
 resurrection is of the dead, vexpuv, though "not of all the 
 dead." Not a word is said of any second resurrection. If there 
 is to be a second resurrection, it is only implied. Of course, 
 no interval is indicated. Premillennarianism, accordingly, is 
 not directly, perhaps not even indirectly, taught. Following 
 the lead of the New Testament, as in Matt. xxiv. 31, and in 
 1 Thess. iv. 13-18, our document may, after all, only be em- 
 phasizing the resurrection of the righteous.
 
 EEEOES IN THE CODEX COEEECTED BY 
 BEYENNIOS. 
 
 CODEX. BBYENNIOS. 
 
 LINE. 
 
 32. 8^ ..................................... Si 
 
 32. ISpandru 
 
 51. op7Xoy 
 
 59. elSwA.oAarpfaj' ........................... fl5w\o\arpfia,v- 
 
 62. eiSaiAoAarpfa ............................ fi$w\o\a.Tpfla. 
 
 91. r, ..................................... 6. 
 
 103. Sov\oi[SicJ See Bryenn., p. 22, N. 19]..5o5Ao. 
 
 104. ^/twi/ .................................. fyiwi/. 
 
 114, 115. flS<a\o\arpla 
 
 115. (pap/ia.KLai ' 
 
 158, 159. yej/i^^Tw 
 
 188. u/xwi' 
 
 197. cri. ^ 8({|a 
 
 205. us avi'a rtf 6ef .......................... waavva. 
 
 229. 6 ptfa ................................. tplfav. 
 
 244. ? ................................. l{Tf. 
 
 258. 
 
 1 Used only in poetry. Bryenn,
 
 000 029 129 
 
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