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 ;\VIE-IINIVER%
 
 NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 THE Fourth Volume of the HOLBEIN SOCIETY'S Publications is 
 in a forward state, and will be ready at the end of the present 
 year, 1870. It is entitled 
 
 THE FOUR FOUNTAINS OF ALCIAT'S EMBLEMS. 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 I. An Account of the First Collection of Emblems. Milan, 
 
 1522. 
 
 II. Facsimile Reprints by Photo-lithography, of Steyner's 
 
 Augsburg Edition, 1531 ; of 
 
 III. Wechel's Paris Edition, 1534; and of 
 
 IV. The Venice Edition, by the Aldi, 1546. 
 
 The above will be followed by the whole of the Emblems, 
 viz. 211, each with a woodcut and rich border, as given in the 
 Lyons Edition of 1551. 
 
 N.B. The Yearly Subscription is One Guinea, payable to 
 MR. ALFRED BROTHERS, 14, St. Anne's Square, Manchester. 
 
 November 2, 1870.
 
 Cije ^olbetn 
 
 COUNCIL. 
 
 SIR WILLIAM STIRLING-MAXWELL, 13art, PRESIDENT 
 HENRY YATES THOMPSON, VICE-PRESIDENT. 
 
 ALFRED BROTHERS, F.R.A.S. 
 
 JAMES CROSTON, HONORARY SECRETARY. 
 
 REV. HENRY GREEN, M.A., EDITOR. 
 
 WILLIAM HARRISON, F.S.A. 
 
 WILLIAM LANGTON. 
 
 G. W. NAPIER.
 
 Wytnan & Sons, Printers, 
 Great Queen St. London, W.C.
 
 THE 
 
 Mirrovr of Maiestie : 
 
 OR 
 
 THE BADGES OF HONOVR 
 Conceitedly Emblazoned. 
 
 A PHOTO-LITH FAC-SIMILE REPRINT 
 
 From Mr. Corsets perfect Copy. 
 
 A.D. 1618. 
 
 EDITED BY 
 HENRY GREEN, M.A., and JAMES CROSTON. 
 
 $ ubHsf)tH for t|)t fcolbcin Socletj bp 
 
 A. BROTHERS, St. Ann's Square, Manchester ; and 
 TRUBNER & CO., Paternoster Row, London. 
 
 M.DCCC.LXX. 
 
 II
 
 To 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Corser, M.A. F.S.A. &c. 
 
 Vicar of Stand, Lancashire, 
 IN ADMIRATION 
 
 Of his high Scholarship in the old English Literature, 
 
 and 
 
 Of the mamellmis Liberality with -which he has communicated 
 of his skilfully gathered Treasures : 
 
 FROM THE EDITORS 
 
 of the Mirrovr of Maiestie. 
 
 M.DCCC.LXX. 
 
 I
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 HE MIRROVROF MAIESTIE 
 itself and the PHOTOLITH 
 PLATES annexed for illus- 
 tration, supply good ex- 
 amples of the proper 
 office of the Photogra- 
 pher, as an artist in 
 fac-simile reprints. The 
 Arms and Emblems of 
 this work, as well as the letter-press, were, at first, 
 in 1618, of defective execution, without finish in 
 the woodcuts, and without sharpness or shapeliness 
 in the type. Such faults might be urged as reasons 
 for not reproducing the volume ; but then its ex- 
 treme rarity and the nature of its contents plead in 
 
 b 
 
 1824213
 
 vi PREFA CE. 
 
 behalf of making the possession of a copy attainable 
 at a moderate price.* 
 
 Shall the work be sent out honestly in its 
 original homeliness ? or shall meretricious graces 
 be imparted to it by the hands of skilled engravers 
 and typefounders ? Let those who prefer it adopt 
 the latter course, and as Pope did with Chaucer, let 
 them modernize a WIFE OF BATH, and, despoiling 
 her of her old-fashioned simplicity, bring to a too 
 prurient fancy the questionable aid of a more 
 mellifluous versification. Chaucer in his ancient 
 roughness is far better than Pope in his modern 
 polish. 
 
 The function of the photographer is not to coax 
 natural blemishes into artificial beauties, nor to 
 touch up antiquity and bestow an adventitious 
 value on works of old ; but with all exactness 
 and care to set forth those works as they existed 
 in the former days. He is indeed to seek out the 
 best possible exemplars, and to bestow his highest 
 skill on the fac-simile copy, occasionally concealing 
 gross delineation by the transference of a more 
 
 * The copy from which our fac-simile was taken obtained by auction the 
 high price of ^36.
 
 PREFACE. vii 
 
 delicate design, and where lines or borders are 
 evidently broken, restoring what once certainly 
 existed ; but he is not to use the appliances of 
 modern art to elaborate a finished picture ; the 
 truthfid reproduction ought to be his chief aim, 
 indeed his pride. 
 
 For want of bearing this principle in mind, 
 some critics, otherwise well qualified, have widely 
 erred by condemning as blemishes the truthful 
 delineations which photo-lithography has presented 
 of the engraver's and typographer's art in bygone 
 times. Accuracy we hold to be essential to 
 whatever claims approval as a fac-simile copy. It 
 would often be very easy to surpass the original, 
 to aim at a higher style of art, and to give letter- 
 press of a very superior character. For instance, 
 in the illustrative plates, Nos. i and 16, the designs 
 and the drawings might be considerably improved 
 by the free employment of the graver's tools ; and 
 in plates 3640, the much-worn letter-press of the 
 original might have been set up in newest and 
 sharpest type ; but so to surpass would be to 
 mislead. In fact, it would be unfair towards the 
 Members of our Society, and towards literary men 
 in general, who suppose that in our volume there
 
 viii PREFACE. 
 
 has been supplied to them an exact reprint, truthful 
 in letter and in line. 
 
 We heed not, then, those who in the spirit of 
 insufficient knowledge thus criticise our photo- 
 lithography ; they do it, we doubt not, chiefly in 
 their pride of admiration and love for the beautiful, 
 and not through any superfluity of naughtiness 
 towards our enterprise. 
 
 Our plan is to endeavour to obtain the best 
 exemplars, and where practicable, as it often is, 
 several of them, that the defects of one may be 
 supplied by the excellencies of the others. With 
 these exemplars the photo-lithographic proofs are 
 closely compared, and unless the workmanship be 
 good and skilful, other proofs are taken before the 
 editors give forth the imprimatur. By following 
 such a plan, it is not without hope of approval that 
 we commend the Third of our Holbein Society's 
 fac-simile reprints to the subscribers and to the 
 public. 
 
 H. G. J. C. 
 
 MANCHESTER, Nov. i, 1870.
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Pages. 
 
 TITLE-PAGE and DEDICATION for the Fac-simile Reprint i iv 
 
 Preface v viii 
 
 Table of Contents, &c ix xii 
 
 THE MIRROVR OF MAIESTIE, or the Badges of Honovr, 
 viz. 
 
 Title-page. . 
 
 A CATALOGVE of those names vnto whom this worke 
 
 is appropriated. \ pp. 4 
 
 Dedication To THOSE NOBLE Personages rancked 
 in the CATALOGVE. 
 
 ARMS AND EMBLEMS 1-63 
 
 Forty Photo-lith Fac-simile Plates in Illustration, num- 
 bered i 40 pp. 32 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I. A BRIEF REVIEW of English Emblem-books pre- 
 vious to A.D. 1618, and of the Mirrovr of Maiestie 
 itself 65-96 
 
 II. ANNOTATIONS on the Armorial Bearings and Noble 
 
 Personages 97-1 59 
 
 III. NOTICES of similar Works, and especially of those 
 from which the Illustrated Plates have been 
 taken 160-174 
 
 GENERAL INDEX 1 7 5-1 80
 
 THE 
 
 MIRROVR OF MAIESTIE, 
 
 AND 
 
 Forty 
 
 PHOTO-LITII FAC-SIMILE PLATES 
 
 /// Illustration 
 of the Mirrovr of" Maiestie. 
 
 M.DCCC.LXX.
 
 THE 
 
 MIRRO VR 
 
 OF 
 
 MAIESTIE: 
 
 OR, 
 
 THE BADGES OF HONOVR 
 
 CONCEITEDLY EMBLAZONED; 
 WITH 
 
 EMBLEMES ANNEXED, 
 
 POETICALLY VNFOLDED. 
 , Ntc kit TUbccnU gimlet. 
 
 LONDON, 
 Printed by fr. / 1618
 
 $* A CATALOGVE OF 
 
 THOSE NAMES VNTO WHOM 
 this worke is appropriated. 
 
 HP HE Kings Mdiejlie. 
 JL TheQueene. 
 The Prince. 
 
 The Lord Arch-BifiopofCanterbtirie. 
 The Lord chancellor. 
 The Lord Treasurer. 
 The Lord Prime Scale. 
 The Lord Admirall. 
 The Duke of Lenox. 
 The Marqtuffe 
 The Lord cbamb 
 The Earlc of Aruvdett. 
 The Earlc ofSouth-lumpton. 
 The farle of Hertford. 
 TheEarleofEjfex 
 TheEarleofDorfct- 
 The Ear If ofMountgomene. 
 The Vt '(count Life. 
 The Vtf count watting ford. 
 The Btfitf of L onion. 
 T^e Biflop ofwinchejlcr. 
 The Bifiof of Ely. 
 
 The 
 
 The Lordiventmrth. 
 
 TheLordDmie. 
 
 r fbe Lord Stanhope. 
 The Lord Catcvp. 
 The Lord Ha,y. 
 
 tfhe Lord chief e lujl/ce of the Kings-Ecnck. 
 The Lord chief c Inftice of the Cornmm-PleAS. 
 The Lor dchiefe Baron of the 
 FINIS.
 
 TO THOSE NOBLE 
 
 Pcrfonagcs rancked in the 
 
 CATALOGVE. 
 
 \/l 7 feebler Mufefarre too too Tt>eake to fng, 
 
 Has iot your Honours on berfttiggrin g wing 
 And borne them to the loft left f it cbfbe may . 
 1hcrefore((u!>misfitie}(l}e dos humbly pr ay y 
 That when her tongue reeles^or Inuention bruits, 
 Tour Fauours Tvillgiue crutches to her faults. 
 
 Your LORDSHIPS in 
 
 all dutifiifl ol>f<trtt*nde f 
 
 If.G.
 
 9* 
 
 To THI KINO* 
 
 *"T""Hofc (mighty Soueraigne) arc your Graces text, 
 1 Right King of Heralds,not to any,next : 
 You might their myflicke learning blazon bed, 
 But you referueyour knowledge vnexpreft : 
 As being moft peculiar to you : 
 And yetbecaufe the people may allow 
 That which concernes your fclfc , Let me to them 
 Vnlocke the value of this prueleflelem : 
 The Lyons trebled thus, may reprefent 
 Your equall fitnes for the Regiment 
 Of this faire Monarchic : Krittiune then 
 Which euer ha's bin ftuft with valiant men. 
 May fitted bearc a Lyon 3 vrgd to fpoile : 
 Your irifh Kernes.who neuervs'd to toyle, 
 Are in their (il'ver-fttidded Htrpe explain'd. 
 Thefe Splendent Beauties limm a by Natures hand, 
 By grace of Ancient Kings, made Royall floivrs> 
 But now thrice Royall made,by being Yours. 
 
 B
 
 T 7t 7 Hy be thefe marfhafd equall, as you fee ? 
 V V Arc they dif-rankt,or not? No: they fliou'ld be 
 Thusplacd: for CommoH-weales doe tottering ftand, 
 Not vnder-propt thus by the mutuall hand 
 Of Ktffigtmd Priejtyby Gods and humane lawes : 
 Divine affiftance mo-ft efFeftuall drawes 
 Kings to eonffflcjthat t'heav'n they homage owej 
 Which confequently kadsaKing to knowe 3 
 That, that Ambitions by dead Embers fir'd, 
 Which ha's no beyond earth to heav'n afpird; 
 Earth can but make a King of earth partaker^ 
 But Knowledge makes him neereft like his maker. 
 Formans meere power not built on Wifdomes forr, 
 Do s rather pluck dbwne kingdomes thaji fuppoit. 
 Perfectly rnixt,' thus Fewer and Knowledge mouc 
 About diyiuft defignes 3 enfphcar' d with lope-, 
 Which (as a gla(Te)ferucneighbour-Kmgs 3 tofce 
 How beft to follow, though not equal! thee.
 
 EMBLEMS a 
 
 Q Eated on this tkree-headtd Mountain* high, 
 ^ Which rcpicfcnts Great Brytdincs Monarchic^ 
 Thus ftand I f urnifht t'entertaine the noifc: 
 Ofchronging clamours, with an equal! poyfc: 
 And thus addrcft to giuca conftant weight 
 To formall flievves, tfvertue> or Deceit : 
 T hus arni'd with Porvr to punnifli 01 protect, 
 \Vhcn I hauc weigh 'd each fcruple and defccl i 
 Thus flwtifitlly rich in parts and place 
 Togiue jW**&U#cf 9 QT a pooredifgracci 
 But, how to make thcfcin iuft circle mouc, 
 Hcav'n crowncs my head with mfedome from abouc. 
 Thus Merit on each parr, to whom 'tis due, 
 With Cod-like power dUburfed is by you. 
 
 B 2
 
 TO 'THE Q,VB*KI. 
 
 OF all proportions (Madamjdiuers dare 
 Conclude that abfolute^which is moft fquare: 
 Well may they proue that Theoreme ; for I know 
 Square Bodies doe the moft perfe&ion (how : 
 Perfection ftillconfifting in this beft, 
 To ftand morefore,the more it is fuppreft. 
 Which fpeciall vertue chiefly doth belong 
 Vntofquare bodies, or right do's them wrong : 
 Your Scutchion therefore^and the Honours due, 
 May conftantly fupport your Worth and You ; 
 Whofclifes drawneoutfvnfbild withfubiccb hatcj 
 By fuch a Samplar, none can imitate*
 
 H Ere abouc number, doth one wonder fitj 
 But 0/w,yet in her owne, an infrnit : 
 Being fimply rare , nvStcond can me beare, . 
 Two Sunnes were neuer fcene ftalke in one Sphearc. 
 From old Elizas Vrne^ enrichtwith fire 
 Of glorious wonders ? did your worth fufpire .- 
 Somuft, from your dead Jite-infufing flame, 
 Your Multiply td-fe if e rife thcftce the Same: 
 She whoft faire Memories, by Thcfpian Swaines 
 Arefung, on ^/*/greene banks, andflowrieplainet. 
 Thus Time alternates in its fingle turnes ; 
 
 \ ^ 
 
 OneP/w*/'x borne, another Pbtnix burnes. 
 
 Your rare worths (matchlefle Quecnej in you alone 
 
 Liue free, vnparalle d, entirely One*
 
 To THE PRINCE* 
 
 Our Princedome's Enfigne hcref Right-Royall Sir) 
 * May pinion your vp-lbaring thoughts, and ftirrc 
 Them to a pitch of loftier eminence, 
 T hen can bereached by bafe y ulgar fenfe. 
 Thefe Plumes (charact'redliuely fignifie 
 Valour in warre, ioyn'd with r velodtie. 
 The bJacke Prince (bearing Plumes) approues this true, 
 When through the Ftnich he like Titf%d- lightning flue. 
 And pull'd downeliUcs about him to the ground, 
 Till he himfclfc with death had cfrcled round: 
 His very looke did threaten publicke death: 
 With every ftroke fell from him., fled a breath. 
 Arm'dintheconfidenceofhis iuft cauie, 
 T hus freely fearclefTe his foes ovcrthrowcs. 
 TI jofe high-borne afls which from his valour flue, 
 With new-additions arc imprefs't in you.
 
 \7\/Hen PCM (fufpe&ing he would mm inferre,) 
 
 * * Tooke Henry hence, to Hue aboue with her, 
 She bade louts Etrd returnefrorns quick e convoy 
 Of fas fore foule, left in Heav'nslaffing loy, 
 And mildly offer to your Princely hands, 
 This Emblcmt of (oft Peace and warlike bands : 
 Both which ( vfd rightly) their large cares extend 
 
 w J / ,o 
 
 To gaine o're others , and their o wne defend. 
 Though a) 1 bright Honours did their Beauties Ihroud 
 lii his Eectiffcfdtc Phcebus in a cloud: 
 Yet at your Rifmg,they more ckare againe 
 Pcept- forth, like Sun-mine ^fter clouds and mine. 
 And in your tforth their worthinefle difplayes 
 To woithicft Princes ; c-s the Sun his ray es. 
 
 B 4
 
 To TH* ARCH-&UHOP Os CAI'H*DY*Y. 
 
 HOw wellthefefacred Ornaments become 
 One, who by earth walkes this ccleftiall home/ 
 The Staff c of Comfort this,ro leane vpon, 
 This 3 /V/of peace s thcCc^Crcffes vndergone: 
 How cafiiy good men ^knowne well by thi&J 
 Lodge at the Inne ot their eternall Bliflc : 
 Thcle fruits Ats workes,from Bounty fpringing found, 
 Perfuming Heaifn, & with Hcainis bounties crown'd: 
 Thclo (liadow'd fruirs> but by a figure 5 Qicw 
 The loycs ofParadife prepar'd for you ; 
 Sailc thither with goodlpcedc then, yet make flay * 
 Good Angels uidc> ou, yme i'th Abbots way-
 
 JlfB LEME 
 
 THefe ffattds connext, en gir 
 Deciphring th'holy Concords vntfon, 
 Offaiths full harmony :ih\sfpi*ypalc 
 Sharpcconfli&sare 5 whoftill the 7>0/ 
 This Heart the cA^is,th'ho!^ Ghoft being Center, 
 Afflictions may futround,but cannoc enter. 
 You are the prime linke of this mAnn&\i cbaitte, 
 Whereby Religi** do's its ftrcngthmaintainc : 
 O !may the &*r*{ R<fl to you fticke faft, 
 That Truth ('though long) yet conquer may at lalu
 
 to. 
 
 To TH* LORD CHANCSX.LOR. 
 
 THe Nerth&nd SwtherM Poles y the two fix'd Starrcs 
 Of wortti and dignicie, which all iuft warres, 
 Should ftill.maintaine,togechcr: be here met 
 And inyourfclfe as in your Scutchion fet : 
 The half* Mooni 'twixt,threatensas yet no change, 
 Or if flic doe, (he promifes to range, 
 Till i he agai re recouer what (he loft : 
 Your endiefle Iamc 3 (fo) gaiacs your Bowles cofl.
 
 It. 
 
 EMBLEMS 6. 
 
 NEucr flhould any thinkc himfelfc fo Hire 
 Of friends affiltance,that he dares procure 
 New enemies: for vnprouok'd they will 
 Spring out offorg'djOr caufelefle malice ftilL 
 Elfc, why fliould thispoore creature be purfu' d, 
 Too fim pic to offend,a beaft ib rude. 
 Therefore prouide ft or malice danger brings) 
 Hottfc-roomctQ find vnderan Eagles wings. 
 You are this <i^/5r,whcih ore- (hades the fieffe 
 Purfu'de by hx&tne woltics, and fafe dotb keepe 
 The poore mans honeft^though might- wronged caufe, 
 From being cruChcd by oppreflious pawe5. 
 Faire Rort you are, where euery Coodnfffe fiades 
 Safe (hclrcr from fwolne Great neffc^ itubborne winds 
 Eager to drench it : but that fearclcfle reft 
 Dwels in your harbour,toall good diftrcft, 
 I bid nocyou pi ouidc,you are complcate, 
 The good ior to proteil,or bad dcfcatc. 
 
 C 2
 
 IS. 
 
 To THI Loio T* A* VIBE. 
 
 VTOur fcblf Credent might to fome(Vhofc lips 
 
 Speakc ignorance^ portend a blackcEcclipfe; 
 I rather thus difcerne, how Time would (hroud 
 Your radiantCrr/^/ in a fable Cloud : 
 And hold thole enuious,ignorant, or dull, 
 That cannotfee^oiir Crcfcwt gro wing full.
 
 EMBLEME 7. 
 
 T 
 
 Hc carefull,#4tef-jBj/r,who the Key doth carie 
 Of a a Kings 7>/ry 5 muft not (partial^ varie: 
 But to iuft caufcs compaflc ftill be ti'de : 
 For luftice (Vniuft (hucting)opens wide a 
 And lets in hard Qptnion, to difgrace 
 I i is bffutrjfgMsfelftjhis Perfo y and his place . 
 Nor muit hecareicffe (lumber : but thus kcepc 
 HisJids vn(hut-vp by fofb-fiogrcd sleefe : 
 And hold a Counfell with the faddeft howres 
 Of lllent Night rand fpend his parcft powers 
 In carc,to render to whom dues belong, 
 That Subi'tts may haue right 3 and Kivgs no wrong. 
 But you (Great Lerd^bearevpthiswiifthtol: 
 With a moll cape Care,bccaufe mod if. 
 
 C j
 
 To THE LOKB PRIVY 
 
 HTHofe dnf sings that adornc loth farts of Nature^ 
 * Firft ,is expreft in this MAteftiike CreAture: 
 Ncxt 3 in thcle Flomcs ofu^ht both which prdcnt 
 Your Honurs at full height of complement, 
 And Clcartiefawhich funncs through yovr 
 Mixt with this two fold tinclure, Crr^r/and Good 
 What s here but fliadow'd then, by tutward kind, 
 Bedcckcs the *#&& Rooms oir yonr braue mind.
 
 EMBLEMS 12. 
 
 \7 > \7' 
 * * 
 
 'Hen ere thou draw* ft out thy reucnging rod, 
 Let be f or C<wtfr/,and the cattfiot Godi 
 Elfe thy Oblations will thy curfcs be, 
 When thou cncountreft with thine enemy. 
 Moris itfacriHcethatcan appcafc 
 Gods wrath,vnleile the mans obedience pleafc 
 More then his' offering : for if his dull heart 
 Thinkes he inricheth God in any part,. 
 By offering BecatornfafiQ loofeth aU : 
 Kay further yet,hc giues zfivord with all 
 To Heau'ns high luflice, by inuokingdowne 
 Reucnge^ in lieu of Guerdon, or a Ow#<r. 
 Such as were facri flees once,fuch bee 
 Our prayers itiH,and our true Sanctitie*. 
 "Which is your In-mate and fanvliar eucft, 
 More ckarely (eenc in You,then here exprcft.
 
 *<*. 
 
 To THS LORD ADMI*AIE. 
 
 TJ Out fable vttttt ft like a Starre in bUcke, 
 I Shewes what our honour d Admiralldothlacke: 
 And fhcwes as if that Starreof lffinghnm y 
 Were thus bemourn d in abriere Epigram ; 
 This may your Polejlarre be,nioft noble Lord, 
 And guide you vnto that ffo much abhorr d) 
 The mournfull, yet theblcfTed,Porcof death, 
 Blowne by the prayers of all good mens breath.
 
 EMBLE.ME <? 
 
 SV ppofe a Globe were faft'ned in the skic, 
 \Vithcordcsdepending on it quarterly, 
 And men ihould itriue by violence to wreft 
 That cordage to what crooked forme they lift, 
 All wile men would concciue them madly bent, 
 Why fhould they cl(c impottiblcs attempt? 
 And we may rhmke it as abfurda drift 
 In him,xvhocraftily (hall hope to iiiitt 
 When F Me forbids him, or (hall hope to tluvarc 
 The good intention s of an honeft heart. 
 For that which henu'n di reds Callages fee/ 
 May injured ; but not diuertcd be. 
 Seekc then no furt hcr,honeft meanings can 
 Make ifhuummjt bcft policy in man*
 
 If. 
 
 To THE DYKE OF LINOX. 
 
 \Ty Hat necde I further ftriue to amplific 
 
 Your high-borne worths 3 and noble dignitic: 
 Then by thefc beauthw fowres, which declare; 
 Your mind's faire puritie, vnftain'd,and bare : 
 Thefe golden Buckles bordring them about, 
 A Palizado,to keepe Foulenefle out.
 
 EMELEAiE lo. 
 
 THc jro/fiand Lyon once together met, 
 And by agreement they their purpose &e 
 To hunt together: when they had obiainde 
 Their bootielong purfude,the Wolfe rcfrainde 
 No more then formerly, from greed inefle : 
 The Lyon apprehending, that much leflc 
 Might fatisne a beaft no bigger growne, 
 Thought all the purchafe rather was hisownc: 
 And thought fuppreffion oFa bcaflfobafe 
 Was inftice^ to prefer uc the common race 
 Of harmlcik beafts > then fpeedily he teares 
 The welft, to takeaway their vfual! feares; 
 Eu'n thus when our great Mwarck clearely faw, 
 How that infatiatc ivolfe of Rome d id draw 
 More riches to his coffers 5 then dcare foules 
 To Heau'n,helike this Lyon then controulcs 
 His vfurpafcion,deeming him a (taue, 
 Who more intended to deuoure, theniaifc. 
 But you Icnowbeft to follow, in free courfe^ 
 Tk Beft in bcft things 3 and pade by the worfo 
 
 Da
 
 29, 
 
 To THH MAR-Q.VESSE OF Bye KIN CHAM, 
 
 A LL that we fee is comely ^and delishcs 
 ** The eyes ; which ftill are pleas'd "with preticus 
 And (as your golden Scallops) You appeare (fights ; 
 To proroifi (that which we may value deare/ 
 More then a glorious out-fide, which container 
 Mcate,notto bediiclos'd without duepaines: 
 Thus is it (care e to be imagin'd how 
 Defert ih'ould paralcll your worth, or You.
 
 ale 
 
 EMBLEMEli , 
 
 THis glorious StArre attending on the Snnne r 
 Having, from this low world, iuft wonder wonnc 
 For brightnesjEwi;/*, that foulc Stygian brdnd, 
 1 * extmguifli it thrufts forth her gieedie/W7<tf: 
 To catch it from its mounted moving place. 
 And huric it lower to obfcui'd Difgrace : 
 But while fhe fhatches, ro put out the flam^ 
 Foolifhly fiers \i& fingers with the fame. 
 Who others glories ftriuc t' eclipfe(poorc Eli.es) 
 Doe but drawedpwne ferfc-mifchiefe on thcmfelucs. 
 You \vaiting on the Sttnne of Maie/l/e 
 May that eUmpmg Heliotropimn be : 
 Still bright in your Eclipticke circle runne^ 
 Y' are out of Envies teach, fo neare the Sunnc . 
 Mouc faircly, 6 eely in your wonted Qthe^ 
 Aboue the danger ofDflnt&tw curbe, 
 And her felfe-burfling Brood : fit there,contemne, 
 Nay laugh, and fcome both their deipight ? und them*
 
 To THI LOKP CMAMBIRLINS 
 
 VT Ot becaufe you are given to rage or fpoile, 
 ^^ Likera/wtf y0/e,which deferue a Toyle ; 
 
 ^ T .1 r* ./%* 
 
 Nor yet becaufe your gifts devided be, 
 Do Lyons thus divide themfejues in three : 
 But (whenprovok'd)to fliew you can reiift. 
 Or fhew your courage when Your Honor lift : 
 Or thus in number they doe Jooke one way, 
 To fliew, what YDU command,your friends obey,
 
 plxt hecrc fnow-vefted Pietit rcraaines 
 
 * Al-pure,and in all purc,parg'd from thcftaincs 
 
 Of nlltalfe worfhip,chafte as aire^vntainted 
 
 With the foule blemifhcs of that al-painted 
 
 Proude Curtizan : nor wander do's her mind, 
 
 Shcc beft content in Conftancy doth find : 
 
 TQAletheas pillar clofe (heelings, 
 
 Maugre the rapting ftraincs Romts Syren fings: 
 
 Who is athirft 3 anddo's but touch her Cup, 
 
 Drinkes,with delight,his foules (aluation vp. 
 
 Thus comprehends (he ioyes, which moft would buy 
 
 At the hjgh'ft rate 3 in this one ConfMcy^ 
 
 So aboue others may your Honours (bine, 
 
 As paft all others, do's this forme Dittine, 
 
 Wich her ingenuous Beames blaze bright in you, 
 
 "Who's doubly gilt, with Her> and Learning too*
 
 ToTna E/.RLB OP AIVKDELL. 
 
 }N Gtdes you beare the figure of a fend 
 ^Betwecne croffe crbffelets fixt : which all intend 
 Rightly to (liadow Noblt birth ^ adorn d 
 With valour, and a Chriftian caufe^not fcorn'd 
 By nny but by Infidels, and they 
 Miftaking this, their hel-brcd hatedifplay. 
 But to Icauefliadowes5you (fubftantiali; fliine 
 With thofe good things, which make a man diuine.
 
 2* 
 ) 
 
 ZMBLEME 13. 
 
 KNow (honour djirj that th'heatc of Princes loue* 
 Tlirow'n on thofe rcall ii r *nhs 9 good men approue 
 Doth, like the radiant pb&'btis fliinihghcrc, 
 Make fruitfull vercue at full height appcare: 
 7'illuftrate this in you, were to CQqfdlc. 
 How much your Goodncffe doth your Gremnejfe bleffc, 
 By its owne warmc reflexe: Thus bothiiiruiuc, 
 And both i'th Sunnc of Roy.dl f.utoRr thriuc. 
 O may's reuerbcrating.rayts ftillnourifli 
 Your noble Worths ^ and make your rmite s flourifh*
 
 **, 
 
 To THE EAULE OF So VTH-HAMPT 
 
 NO ftormc of troubles, or cold fiofts of Friends, 
 Which on free Grata,too too oft,attends, 
 Otn/by prefumptionj threaten your free ftate : 
 Foriheie preiaging p*-tor4$ doeamate 
 Preiampcuous c?r^4/:.mouing the beft mindts, 
 By their approach, to feare the future windes 
 Of all calaniitie, no le(Te then they 
 Portend to-fea-men a tempeftuous day: 
 Which you foi'cfeeing may before hand crofle,. 
 As they doe them^ andlb prevent the loiTe.
 
 \7\7 Hat coward St0icke,ot blunt captaine will 
 V V Dislike this Vnion^ or not labour (till 
 To reconcile the Arts and viffory? 
 Since in themfelucs Artshaue this quality, 
 To vanquiili eirours trainer what other thai* 
 Should io.ue the Arts 3 if not a valiant man? 
 Or,how can he refolue to execute, 
 That hath not firft learn'd to be refblute? 
 If any fliall oppofe this, or difpute, 
 Your great example fliall their fpite confute. 
 
 E z
 
 To TUB EAULB O? 
 
 ons gardant wifely fecmc to rake 
 * The name of- gardant, for the flowers Hike : 
 A s if they kept the flower-de-luces thus 
 From them, who any way obnoxious, 
 Might gather them: it is a noble part, 
 To kcepe the glories purchafcl by tkfert.
 
 JO. 
 EMBL E ME 12. 
 
 THis Trifleclfifejl di(- united, none: 
 But knit by taitrb,nrrindiuiduall One. 
 Standing vnmoou'd like an heroicke rockc, 
 Affronts the batt'rics of fierce Enxies fhocke. 
 
 loyn'd in vnfeuer d threefold 
 
 Royall paire-roy all (fee; three are the fame, 
 
 He that hath this paire-royall wins the game. 
 
 View, how this hearc 3 and howthefe hands agree, 
 
 Whofe heartland hands are onc,thrice happy hcc. 
 
 And though two hands, yet but one are thefe'two, 
 
 Both doe the fame,and both the fame vndoe. 
 
 Concord makes in a million, but one heart, 
 
 Whereat fterhe Hate may leuell her fierce dart, 
 
 A nddcepely wound too,yct can not that wound 
 
 DifanimatCjOr her free thoughts confound : 
 
 But with a double wdoitr (he vp-bcnrcs 
 
 Such hearcs 3 aboue the ftroke o[ bafer rcarcs. 
 
 Thus you within hauerais'd vp fucha for:, 
 
 As keepcs out Ills, and doth your good iupporc.
 
 To THS EARII O* EISB x- 
 
 I He chicfeft of this Scuchlon comprehends 
 _ Three 7>ta#Vjwhich vntoaB commends 
 A firme and plenteous liberality 
 Proper to you 3 and to your familie .* 
 Aria this one vertue, in you fcleare as day) 
 Ail other vertues dements diiplay.
 
 E MS It EM E 16. 
 
 NO wild, or defperatefoole can hence collc-ifr 
 Proofe to applaud his vice, or to protecl: 
 Nor can this F/g/tre dviUwarre. portend, 
 Whither oppofe, or whither it defend: 
 But auntientr^/<wr,that which hath atlvanc'd 
 Our Predecejfoiirs y (\\'\-[][e fine Courtiers danc d) 
 That's heerc infer'd^ to re-infcrme the mind 
 By view of inftanccs, wherein we find 
 Recorded of yoar Auaccftric,v/hofc fame 
 Like forked thunder, threaten'd cowards iliaro e; 
 Who fearing, left on their debofli'd bafemcrir, 
 Hcav'n fliould drop Bolts 3 by a flame-winged (pirit.
 
 To THE EARLI OF DOKSET. 
 
 TIs true 5 your various Bendtlius quarterly 
 Defcrib'd^poynts out the great antiquitic, 
 Of Honour, and offer tut truely clnim'd 
 By Yoiijwhohaucprcfcru'd them free, vnmaim'd. 
 Let none that's generous thinkc his time ill ipcnt, 
 To imitate your worths fb eminent.
 
 33- 
 
 EMBLEMS 17. 
 
 THe world whole happincflc, and cheifc delight, 
 Nay more, whofe wifedome lies in Affitite^ 
 Rather then Knortkdge-\a\mes the largeft fliarc 
 Of that which plcafeth moft: nor doth it care 
 To comprehend a higher my fteric : 
 And therefore well doth naturc<Jignific /hood 
 
 Th' afcending point ,with heau'ns nccre neighbour 
 Leauingto earth what's gfeat^ to heaii'n what's^W. 
 
 Which you perceiuiug 5 wifely doe beftow, low. 
 
 Your thoughts on Hcav'n, your wealth on things be-
 
 THe Crejcent to a fccond Hoiafe belongs, 
 The golden Cref'cent (worth a Poets fongs^ 
 Well appcrtaincs vnto thy Houfe and thtc 9 
 Thou Arch-fupporter QfM****g4*try. 
 For not the vaprous breath of bad report, 
 Can cloud the fplcndour thou dcferu'ft in Court 
 But as in gold no ruft can finde a place. 
 So hath thy Crcfccnt noenforc'd di%acc.
 
 EMBLEME 
 
 AS bufie Bees vnto their Hiue doe fwa 
 So do's th'attra&iue power tfMuficke char me 
 All Eares with filent rapture : nay,it can 
 Wilde Reafon re-contraft,diuorc'd from man. 
 Birds in their warblings imitate the Spbtares: 
 This {ings the Treble jhat the Tcnour bearcs: 
 jiet/ls haue with liftning to a Shepheards lay, 
 Forgot to feed, and (b haue pin'd away : 
 Brookes that creepe through each flowr-befrcttzd fielJ, 
 In their harmonious murmurs, mufickeyeeld : 
 Yea,(cnfclefre/0# auhe old Poets fang, 
 Themfelues in heapes did fb together throng, 
 That to high beauteous ftru&ures they did fvvcll 
 Without the helpe ofhatt^or v(e of skill : 
 This Harmony in t'humnneF^m/re'ftealesf 
 And is the fmcwcs of all Common-weales. 
 In you this Concord s fo dimnely placed ; 
 That/> by;^,not^ by it is graced. 
 
 F 2
 
 T Et there be no addition, this atone 
 *- > Will make an Embleme^ and a perfcft one, 
 Conceiue it thus then ;. A Darts forked head 
 Apt to endanger, though not ftrikingdcad. 
 Such is, or (hould be every noble mind* 
 Prcpar d like this in moft refolued kind 
 To wound, or kill offcnfiueinmry, . 
 And though vnurg'd^yet threatens dangers nje.
 
 EMZLEME 19. 
 
 HErc slcmt do's in contemplation fit, 
 Diftinguiflhing by forrnes,the foule of wit : 
 Knowing,pcrteftion ha s noproper grace, 
 If wanting Or der^N umber, Ttmt&v P/acei 
 The T&orwfcand Pratftckepart muftbe 
 As heate and fire : the Stwne&nA Claritie : 
 Such twins they are,and fuch Corrclatiues, 
 As the one without the other feldome thriucs. 
 Ho wean a man the feates of Armes well doc, 
 If not a Schollcr^nd a Souldiottr too ? 
 If either then be miffing in'sduc place, 
 Defed fteps in s and fteales from all their grace : 
 On gooxl afts you employ the /w^/Vfo part, 
 The Theory lies lodg'4 within yourhcart* 
 
 F 3
 
 3*. 
 
 To THE LORD VJSCOVNT 
 
 \7\7 EN ma y y u neuer ^ *k c want j 
 
 ^ V Ofthatmofthallowcd 3 andinftrud:ingCr^(7V, 
 On which our Saviour di'de : for thcfe will fliew 
 The many bletfcd thoughts of that, in few : 
 Hecrc you may over-looke the world, and fee 
 Nothing fo plentifully crofles be : 
 Thence you may take occafion to prepare 
 Your foulc,to beare thofe that worfe croffes are. 
 Thcfe are the badges of Your noble breft, 
 That wilkondud You to heavens quiet reft.
 
 37- 
 
 EMBLEME 20. 
 
 THus playes the Courtly Sycophant 5 and thus 
 Sclfe-pleafing Sinnc, which poyfons all of vs : 
 Thus playd the whore whome the wife King dcfcribc^ 
 Thus he who rayles at, and yet pockets bribes : 
 Thus playes the Politittin^ who will (mile-,. 
 Yet like this Serpent fting your heart the while. 
 Bung vp thync cares then^ or fufpeft the harmc, 
 When fwcctccyllffliai* words begin tochaiTnc 
 Kutyou, CM tbcfe <vnmask l>y knowing bcjl 
 How to kccpcfucb from lurking vecrryonr
 
 LONDON, 
 
 TT Wo /words there bc,which all Diuincs (hould take, 
 " E re they this viftory can perreft make: 
 Prcuailing Languages a powertuJl one 5 
 Zealc for the truth, the other: thefc hauc done 
 More noble afts,then warrc could euerboaft: 
 Both are in your Field fburui 3 though clfe- where lo/L
 
 EMBLEME. 21. 
 
 MEthinkes (Right Reuerend) here youfilcncc 
 Viewing this ZmWtmtfr it thus bcfpeakc:(breakc, 
 Ride on Triumphing, makea glorious fhew, 
 Catch thofe 3 \vho oncly but thy Out-fide know : 
 Hold forth thy witching Cttp^ aduance thy Crovtwe, 
 And'Mounted thinke thy felfe paft pulling do\v nc : 
 Yet after all, thou canft be prou'd no more, 
 Then a deluding , and deluded whore. 
 
 G
 
 THe SJW^-and KefgftQ Church-men beene bequea- 
 Smce Paul and Peter were of life bereaued : fthed,, 
 The Keycs, a type of Prayers^hkh unlocks 
 Heau'ns glorious gates,to let in thofe that knocke. 
 The Spirits zealous, and fbule-fauing word^ 
 Is (badow'd by the (innc-fubduing Sword: 
 Of ffWand Sword th'incorporate qualitie 
 Ha s power to heaue bafe earth aboue the skie* 
 Your power full ,and vidorious elegance, 
 Which oucrcomes bold vieeand arrogance^ 
 Do's proue,no weapons to the Church belong, 
 But fiich as Heau n makes to encounter wrong : 
 N or d o's your Gentry d iffer : Lozenges 
 Are curing Cordials : Gewrou* thoughts like thele.
 
 45' 
 MMELEME iz. 
 
 T) Ehold, on what the Ronuine Faith confifts : 
 *J So toft by Errours winds; fo lapt in Mifts** 
 That their Arch-pilot fade can rule thcftcrne? 
 He lackes foundation,therefore ftiii to learae 
 How to make's Ship his Harbour . O I wonder 
 Th'ore burdcn'd VeiTell crackes not quite afundor, 
 And unkes not dow ne, oppreft by its owne weight, 
 With Imf ull Joules fo iluft, and over-freight. 
 The high Anenge^ though he feemes to faile) 
 With winced wrath will fplit their proudcft faife. 
 Heairnsyion-h;ind (mod {lowly heau'd aloft) 
 Palls quicke^lead-furc^md home,although not oft 
 All willi, for their fakes of Romes iimplcr fort, 
 Thatvourniizht flcerc theirveflcll to the Port;
 
 To Tne BISHOP OP EJLT 
 
 TJT Ow much more bettermay you challenge thcfe, 
 ** Then all your Prfdcceffors, who in cafe, 
 And floath (you being confidcr'd) did ncglcd 
 [hat which dcfcrucsa Crown c,or goodre/pccl: 
 ' 1 he ic then the Heralds may thinkc rather due, 
 Not to your place of (late, but vnto you.
 
 BMBLEMS 
 
 Religion flill its owne , cannot be loftj 
 Nor from it felfe diuorc'd, though to the moft. 
 Who iudge by guefTe and flignt formality, 
 There mightappeaiefchifme inDiuinity : 
 When notDitwitj, which cannot change > 
 But humane reafon to fchifmcs vild doth range : 
 For fo the fruites of diners plants may feeme 
 Diuers in quality : and men may deeme 
 Nature hath err d in fuch a fcrious courfc. 
 When both condder'd be the fame in force. 
 You, that beft iudge of Schilmcs, can clearcly fee, 
 Error term* d Trut h> and Truth tcnn'd Hcrcuc. 
 
 Gi
 
 4*. 
 To THS Loa ZOYCIC 
 
 SEe, \\Q\vn\wrthyfpirit notimployde 
 May fecme to lookers on 5 or vaine,or voyd : 
 Thcfe golden peeces thus vnfhap't, vncoin'd, 
 Sccme as if worth and they were quite diiloyn'd j 
 When bralle or copper being ftanip't orfranul 
 Into the fliape of plate, is oft mifnam'd, 
 And oft mifhken for thepureft gold . 
 Biit you are ever adiue 3 and enfold 
 Your pretious fubftance, that your felfemay take, 
 Hwows true ftair.pc 5 what's countcrfcite foriakc.
 
 47. 
 EMBLEMS 2 
 
 HEcrc ?Mus and the Sacred Sifters (ft, 
 Chicfely attending Harmcme, and wit:- 
 Who ftay to hcare the dying Swans to fing 
 Sad Spaas-, riding on the TheMw Spring. 
 Hcere the wingd-Horfes hoof e digs vp that wH 
 Whence gurgle ftrcames of Art&md iacred Skill. 
 Divines (like Pegtfus) divinely mooue 
 In Man/pringsofprofound^nd precious louc 
 Tohcav'nly wiftdomc^\j\\Q t'ech paffingby, 
 Poynts out the path- way to Etemitif t 
 And vvhilft You doe your noble thoughts confine 
 To what Divines preach^ You become Divine,
 
 *To Tm LORD 
 
 E thinkes, I fee in this,the true eilate 
 Of man Ml fubieft to a luckleflc fate ; 
 As it the grcatcft Crojft did reprefcnt 
 The gcnerall curfc, which even all over went. 
 From Adam to his wretched progeny: 
 The letter Cro/fts which accompany 
 The g -eatcr,bc each fcvcrall haplefle chance : 
 And ail together fliev/,that ignorance 
 Is irrecoverably blind, where none 
 Prcvcr, cs what happens thus to every one. 
 But You doe well fupporc the waighticft croflcs 
 With Patience,and efleemc thcm"but light Mes,
 
 49* 
 MMBLEMZ 
 
 YEe, whofe blind folly doth not fo maintainc 
 A former choicc^but yce may chufe agamc : 
 Andyee 3 \vhofc innocence ('not knowing yet 
 The worfe from better) careleily doth let 
 Botb'rcft vrichofen : now begin to make 
 Your new,pr firft choice, ind heere wifely tak c 
 The patterne . if you wo.iid enclitic to Peace, 
 Louc bookes \vith Pertnc itor'd. fo viU dccreafe 
 Your troubles : thofcwillbrin^fucb powerfull fame 
 As (hall the fterneft Lyon (boneft tame. 
 Experience Icadesthee to this certaine choice 
 Chufc then at firft , to erirue , or to reioicc. 
 You hauc already cbofcn true Content : 
 Nor needs vour Honour cuer to repent. 
 
 R
 
 JO. 
 
 T Etpards hauecuer ranked bin among 
 
 L'Thofe nobler beafts,which are both fwift otftrong, 
 
 Svpifaes alludes to a dexteritie, 
 
 Or quicke difpatch without temeritie. 
 
 Their strength alludes to l^gement which indures , 
 
 Wnen fiafhiftg mt no long delight aflurcs. 
 
 Make thcfeyourowne, and then youbearedifplay'd; 
 
 Your Scutchions morrall,in your fclfe pouriray'd.
 
 51. 
 
 EMZLEME 
 
 , irtcru* were affign'd. 
 
 To be the three chief e ornaments of mind. 
 JQUC figur'd Providence ^Mtner HA jvit, 
 phbM>Content: and all that purchai d it 
 Wcllarethey featcd in a holy place, 
 To (hew the ContinentoFall, is grace: 
 It fccmes that yon hauc well confider d thus ; 
 The fair ft of titles is,fo//*/*/#. 
 
 H a
 
 To THE LoRP DARCIE. 
 
 THele healtb-preferuing /r thus inly fixe 
 Amongft the Cn/elftstfheW) heau'ns fauours mixt 
 With all calamities thatleazeon man, 
 If patiently he enterrainc them can, 
 To find cure then for Croilesjookeaboue. 
 Sce,i!l made wdl by heau'ns all-curing ioue.
 
 n* 
 
 C Leepe,being the type of death : darkncffemufl be 
 ^The (hade of- that,which wecuanilht ice : 
 Menfo'departedjthatitmaybefaid, 
 A Birdjas well.as fuch a man,is dead : 
 Chafe,\vhile thou Iiuit 5 the cloudes ofdeath away: 
 Or dying, neuer looke to fee more dav. 
 You haue on earth, fo ftudied heau'ns delighr, 
 That you can neticr be oblcur d : though night 
 Should threaten to obfcure.noonc-dav,y*t will 
 
 darkcftiil. 
 Hs
 
 THE LORD Wo trow. 
 
 SEtlcd affli&ions may be well cxpreiT't 
 Vndcr this forme of &tjfos,vinich men bleft 
 Hauc ftill indur d to proue their patience : 
 But I would rather in another fence 
 Haue this appli'dc to fuch a man,\vho{c vowes 
 Haue fixt him to the faith chrifts Church allowes 
 And fuch a man (/corning vngroundedwrongsj 
 Are you, to whom this fixed Crofft belongs.
 
 EMBLZMEi*. 
 
 TH'afcending' Path that vp to wifedome leades 
 Is rough, vneuen, fteepe : and he that treades 
 Therein, muft many a tedious Danger meet, 
 That, or trips vp, or clogs his wearied feet: 
 Yet led by Labour , and a quicke Defoe 
 Offaireft Ends fcrambles, and clambers higher 
 Then Common retch : ftill catching to holdefaft 
 O n ftrong'ft OccA/iofij& he come at laft 
 Vp to Her gatCj whereZ^crw^ keepes the key, 
 And lets him in, Her bed Things to furuay : 
 There he vnkend ("though tohimfeJfebeftknownej 
 Takes reft, till Time preients him with a Crowne : 
 In queft of this rich Prize, your toyle's thus graced: 
 Euei to be in T inies beft Border placed*
 
 TANHOP*. 
 
 His cntcrchang'd variety of Fr/rrt, 
 A-nd naked quarters, fitly doc concurre, 
 To (hew the lealonablc contenting it ore 
 That rich wile men imoyjalikc with poorer 
 Both areprouided {'left they might cake harme) 
 To keepc their innocence, both fafc and vyarme.
 
 M B L E M E 29. 
 
 JMagtnc hccrc,chrijt Arongty foftifi'd, 
 Againft the Popes bold hcrefie and pride : 
 And thinke,whilft his Accomplices combine 
 The Caftlc ofchr'Jls truth,to vndcrminc j 
 A flame breakcs forth,which doth confume them all: 
 So (ceking his,thcy mcctc with their owne tlill. 
 And thus whilft hcrctickcs ("like wretched clues^ 
 Out-ftarcthc Truthjhcy doccondcmnethemfclucs, 
 Subicfted to the twofold victory 
 Of Twhjind of their ownc impictic. 
 Take refuge then^in Hcau*ns ctcrnall reft, 
 And fee Chrifto foesagainft thcmfclucs addreft.
 
 To TB LOAD CAUBVV, 
 
 THe nobleft partsof wifedomej& clearew, 
 High Coura^Cy and iucli vcctucs kinne to it; 
 Should ever be prorecding,and goe on 
 l?orward,ns (c'emcthcfc Z^^/;vrg'd of none. 
 So (like to tliefc) You kccpca paflant pace, 
 Till wijcdff&t Icatc You in your wiflied place.
 
 EM BLEME, 
 
 Forces united geminat e their force, 
 And Ib doth vertue: never fhould remorfe 
 Nor obftacle reftraine that man } who may 
 Strengthen his vertues by a noble way: 
 Who cannot perfedbe 3 needes not repent 
 To add hisowne t anothers Prcddent 
 And he that is entire may therewithal!, 
 By others hclpe prone more effcftuall. 
 So helpc me Learning,a*I doc not know, 
 Where I tiv&Emblcme fitter may beftowe. 
 
 I 2,
 
 To THB LORD HAYS. 
 
 chiefe elements of white and Red 
 *-* Is ailthat in.your Coate is figured : 
 Moris it needfull,any thing fliould be 
 Added to this luoft copious myflcric: 
 Gulfs vpon Argent -to conceit arc plaync, 
 AndpourtrayoucaliiC without Ail flame,
 
 EM2LZME 31. 
 
 C Ee **** feated in her beft of pride, 
 
 *3 Whofe fountaines never ebbe,ever full tide 
 
 At every change :fee,from her {breaming heart, 
 
 How rivulets of Comfort doe impart 
 
 To trortb dryde vp by mnt 5 and to aflwage 
 
 The drought tfrerttte in her pilgrimage. 
 
 Looke, how her wide-ftretchtjfruii-befurniflit hand 
 
 Vnlockt to trueP<?y?r/, do's open ftand: 
 
 But iffhefhould not be Z>^/^rcgarder, 
 
 Yet is it 3 in it felfe, its owne rewardcr. 
 
 This Emblems not prefcnted (Noble Sir^ 
 
 Your bounteous nature to awake,or ftir . 
 
 For you arc Bounties Almner^ and do's know, 
 
 How to refraiuc,deib:ibute, oi 5 bellow.
 
 To TH 
 
 B 
 
 Y thcfe life-Iengthning lAztnges, are fhow'n 
 Carts to cure JUs&y times corruption grown . 
 To comfort Vertoes heart,at point to die 
 Of a Confumption,and dotn bed-rid lie : 
 This Starrest Ittjlice is,which is not blind, 
 (As th'ancient Hicroglyphickes her defin'd^ 
 But fearcheth out with qukkc diicerning eye 
 ThTiard difference twixt Faith andftfay. 
 Thefe #>*& 5 asyet vnlearnt to light on earth^ 
 Figure that 7^/^,which from Heau'n has Birth 3 
 And fcornes to looke fo low^as bafe re foe ft 
 Of its ownepriuate<W/,and Truth neglect. 
 Carejrrutk,and Jujtice thus vnite, we lee 
 Make in their Gcodxejfe mixt^a Sympathy, 
 On whofe ioynt pinions t! ^ EUalmes Peace vp-towrcs 
 T 'her Chaire of State , fubfifteted by your powrcs.
 
 ZMBLEME 32- 
 
 SHe that illuminates the midnight, may 
 Be w ell admitted to take reft all day : " 
 Yet haue our antique Poets rathermade 
 Night- wandflng I04t'hau.ea daily Tradej 
 Reporting, that by day QIC takes delight 
 To hunt wilde creatures,and then (bines at night : 
 Teaching Cor I miftake) how Magiftrates 
 Should quell */Ww inallciuiil States. 
 In darknefle they fhould watchfull iniight kcepe, 
 To hunt out Vice, when men are thought afleepe 
 For Mifcbirfc(*& in darknefle^ skulkcs difguis'd, 
 And therctore needs fbmc watchfully aduis'd, 
 Who hauing fcnted out this fecret game, 
 May then purfue them to a publickc (bamc. 
 But your decpc wifedomes, bcctcr knovv,tlieti this, 
 What ia our Common-wcdc moft nccdfullis.
 
 "rT&YVj-f f*****^ *** 
 
 pBRITANNA 
 
 ^vjv^-^ ' -~ 
 
 OR A GARDEN OF HBROICALl^ll 
 Deuifes, furnifhcd, and adorned with Emblcmes 
 and Imprefisot fundry natures, Newly devifed , 
 "rlcft^, atdfMI/bedy 
 
 
 aBi<id^v^^>w>^^^ 
 
 BE^^ss^esag^^T^iati^^i^^^ 
 
 Printed in Shoe-lane at the fignc 
 
 of the Faulcon by Wa : Dight .
 
 g' Nift dejttper . 
 
 To my dread foveraigne i A M E s 3 Kiitgvfgrta BRITAIN 
 
 A SECRET arme out ftretched from the side, 
 dtfcn Thvfe, "^^ In double chaine a Diadem doth hold : 
 nJv'i B M Whofe circlet boundes 3 the Beater BRITANNIEJ 
 mwm** e rc " ^ rom conquered' pRAVNCE 3 to*THVLE fung of old : 
 cbujjsn , Great i A M E s, whofe name be yond the i N D E is told- 
 SS Jcfiru To G o b obli ged fo by two-fold band , 
 We Thiienid. As borne a man 3 and Monarch of this land . 
 
 Thus fince on heauen 3 thou wholly doft depend : 
 And from * aboue thy Crowne 3 and being haft : 
 
 With malice vile, in vaine doth man intend y 
 TVnloofe the knot that GOD hath link't (b faft : 
 
 Who flioof s at heaven 5 the arrov; downe atlaft 
 Lightes on his head : and vengeance fall on them , 
 That make their marke, the Soveraigne Diadem . 
 
 tiafiivDoton.- NuWbus en duplici vinftmn Dj^4cma careiw , N->n alia te Icgc Dcus ( I A C O B E ) \i; 
 i*. i . pag. i , Q^od procul 4 noftro fulUnw oi-bc maaus : Qucm rcgcte jinperio , fecit, et cffc viru 
 
 Home f .
 
 ii Sic t acem habfmus . z> 7 , 
 
 1 ss/7/f' ^y 
 
 To the High and mightie I AMES, King of greate Britaine, 
 
 HP WOO Lions flout the Diadem vphold, 
 
 * Of famous Britaine 3 in their armed pawes : 
 The one is Red , the other is of Gold , 
 And one their Prince , their fea , their land and lawes 5 
 
 Their loue 3 their league : whereby they ftill agree , 
 
 In concord firme , and friendly amitic . 
 
 B E L L o N A henceforth bounde in Iron bandes y 
 Shall kifle the foote of mild triumphant PEACE, 
 Nor Trumpets fterne,be heard within their landcsj 
 En vie {hall pine ., and all old grudges ccafe : 
 Braue Lions , (ince, your quarrel! 's lai 'd a fide , 
 On common foe 5 let now your force be tri 'de . 
 
 Vtnim fuAcnwnt gcmint DtaJcma LCOBCJ , Fec-'-trc ivngur.tw Hniili, coeloquc, f 
 
 Concordes vno Principe , in cnto, fide . N a u t aubus Pax hc inviclahda otjac t
 
 31 
 
 Protegert Regiwm , 
 
 D.CKHJ.CJ 
 
 'a ntfnfa 
 
 .' o a 
 
 a nan a 
 
 WHILE deadly toes , their engines hauc prcpard , 
 \s ith hiric fierce , to batter .downe the wallcs , 
 My dutie is the Citie gate to guard , 
 And to rebate tlicir Rammcs , and fierie balls : 
 So that iffinncly > I do ft and \vhhout, 
 Within the other , nccdc no daunger doubt 
 
 Dread Sovcraignc I A J/JES., whole puiflantnamc tohcarc, 
 
 The Turke may tremble , und the Traitor pine : 
 
 Belou'd ot'all thy people , farrc and necrc : 
 
 Bee thon' 5 as this Port-cullies^ vnto thine , 
 Defc'.ul without , and thou within fnalt fee , 
 A thbuiand thoufand , line and die with thee . 
 
 Obfcffis ut onem tcrt > nujnirrinc.pr.Tftcm, 
 Qia? non fuOineo tlamna crcata milii. 
 Sis catavafta tins (animofc Monarcha ) Britannia, 
 Intusetinvenics pcdurafirma tibi. 
 
 Si ftatus Imperii, aut G!us rrovinci.-.rum 
 niiifcmJKavcrtatur,dcl*^bit (Prkccps) 
 
 Tacit 
 
 JI;'ft.
 
 45 
 
 : tctLtcobttm Regtm . 
 
 
 \ y \ 7" HtL E I lay bathed in my natiue blood , 
 ^ V And yeelded nought fane harfti , & hellifti foundes 
 AndTaue from Heaucn , I had no hope of good , 
 Thou pittiedft ( Dread Sovcraignc ) my woundcs y 
 Repair'dft my mine, and with Ivoric key , 
 Didft tune my ftringes , that ilackt or broken lay . 
 
 Now fince I breathed by thy Roiall hand , 
 
 And found my concord , by fo fmooth a tuch , 
 
 I giue the world abroade'to vnderftand , 
 
 Ne're was the muficlc of old Orpheus ftich , 
 
 As that I make 5 by meane ( Dearc Lord ) of thcc , 
 From diicord drawne , to fweeteft vnitie 
 
 Cum mea hativo fquallercnt fccptra cruorc , 
 Edoque lugubrcs vndique fraAa modes : 
 
 Ipfe rcdux nervos diftendis (Phoebe ) rebclles , 
 Et itupct ad noftros Orpheus ipfe fonos .
 
 Ex vtroqus Immortality . 
 Adpijjfimum lacobttm mAgn& Britannia Regem * 
 
 
 *8oims'Prmeep* 
 
 Hihilodifferta 
 
 bonopatrc. 
 
 * Hinc animam 
 inrerc a ca-fo de 
 eorporc ra;>tanv 
 
 I ; ae mt-'.ii- vtfeun- 
 per Opitr.!ia 
 
 prfifpectet luiius 
 
 * P:etatc,etTuf- 
 titia jPrincipcs 
 Dljliant. ~4u%uf- 
 
 T> VT thou wlicjfc goodnes 5 Pictic jand Zeale , 
 "-^ Hauc cauf'd thcc ib , to be bclou'd of thine , 
 (When envious Fates , lliall robbe the Common wcale ,, 
 Of fuch a * Father 5 ) ("halt for ever fhine : 
 Not turn'd as * C*far , to a fained ftarre , 
 Butplac'd a * Saint 3 in greater glory farre . 
 
 With whome mild Peace/, the moft ot all defir'd; 
 And learned Mufc toll end their happie dayes 5 
 While thou to all eternitie admir'd , 
 Shalt aiue afreili , in after ages praife : 
 
 Or be the Loade-ftarre 3 of thy glorious North ,. 
 
 Drawing all eies , to wonder at thy worth . . 
 
 Tc tua fed Picas omni mcmnrahilis .wo , 
 
 Stduc ad xcerni Ca-faris vfquc ferct : 
 luflitia occumbet tecum , quia Mufa , Fidcfque 
 
 In patriani , raris pax et habeiuia locis ,
 
 i 5 TO THE THRICE-VERTVOVS,AND 
 FAIREST OF QVEENES, ANNE QVEENE' 
 OF GREAT BRITAINE. 
 
 In ANNA regnantiuin arbor. 
 ANNA Rrit.wnortiffl Reginx . 
 
 A N OliuelojVVkh braunches faire dilprcd, 
 ^* Whofetop doth fccmc to peircethc uzurc skic , 
 Much fecining to dil'.laitie , with loftic head 
 
 Nnnc'iflci , 
 ion Lrpioneo , 
 cri .i'.e fi.maim- 
 xfa mooiinenta 
 m nunici i'm 
 
 of T H E S S A !. 1 F. , 
 
 Faired of Qiiceacs, thou art thy &1& the Tree , 
 Tbc fruit c thy children, hopcfull Princes three. 
 
 a - Which thus I ghc/& 3 fiiail witli their outftretcht armcs , 
 
 In time o'rcfpreadBuropa's continent , 
 kc- * To fhicld and lliauc , die innocent fro;p harmcs , 
 But overtop the pruud and infolcnt : 
 
 Remaining ,raigning , in their glories grccnc , 
 \\"hi!c man on earth , or Mconc in bcaiicn is fecnc .
 
 Ji corporf pulchro Gratior . 
 
 TO THE RIGHT NOBLE, AND MOST 
 
 TOWARDLY YOVNG PRINCE, CHARLES 
 
 DVKE OF TORKE* 
 
 
 C W E E T E Diike,thit bear'fl thy Fathers Image right 
 ^ Afwcll in * bodie y as thy cowardly mind 5 
 Within whole cheeke v me ihinkes in Red and white 
 Appearc the Roles yet againc conioind ; 
 
 Where , nowfbe*re their warres appealed be, 
 
 Each, ftriucs with each y for Sovcraignitie . 
 
 Since Nature then in her faire - Angell mould } 
 Hath framd thy bodic , flicw 'd her beft of art : 
 Oh let thy miild the * faiu-il: virtues hold , 
 Which arc the beaiftic of thy better part : 
 
 And which 3 ( brauc CKAIH BS) (Trail make vs loue thec more. 
 
 Then all thy ftate we outwardly adore . 
 
 Ei.
 
 Exmali*rori&Ms boit& leges. 3^- 
 
 To the moft iudicious , and learned , Sir FRANCIS BACON, Knight 
 
 H E Viper here, that ft-.mg the fTiecohcard fwaine , 
 ( While caretes.of himfclte afleepe he lay , ) 
 With Hyfopc caught , is cut by him in twaine , 
 Her fat might take , the poifbn quite away , 
 And heale his wound , that wonder tis to fee , 
 Suchfbveraignehelpe, fhouldin a Serpent be. 
 
 By this fame Leach , is meant the virtuous King , 
 Who can with cunning, out of manners ill , 
 Make wholefome lawcs v , * and take away the (ting , 
 Wherewith foule vice 5 doth greeue the virtuous ftill : 
 Or can prevent, by quicke arid wife forefrght, 
 Infection ere 3 it gathers further might . 
 
 Afi a vcnciiaco pupu',ic tptcin vipera muriu , 
 Dux Grcgis jifHirtDUuii ijeius aj hgile p^-ut : 
 
 Vipcreis iria.-m kt;cb e\ inui ibus api.-.s 
 
 Dottiis Api ;]!.) a con.kit 3itc b O L O N . 
 
 ritiii(iujrp;u. : ina n.'jrj Cma'dcditlegc- ci quc 
 
 rccmmci- natuiaacuit (uiauMuj.X^nis I..v:a 
 
 ctTc-uponct Cic t 
 
 i dc ie^Uui. 
 
 Salus Civtatu lit 
 
 Ovid Mctamer : 
 
 Ub jo. 
 
 TO
 
 ,0 fftsferv/re. 
 
 To tie Right IhKtttr&lle and ny fowler good Lord HENRY 
 H o v v A R b Earie of N'orilhanptott , LordPrtite Scale . &c. 
 
 HENRICVSHOVVARDVS Comes Northair.ptonienfis . 
 Pitts , CaslHsktric mentis honor , mere honor ax dm . 
 
 2O 
 
 M fei^^>^S^^S v ^S^ i ^3^5^ 
 
 A SNOVV-VVHITE Lion hy an Altar flecpcs, 
 
 ( Whereon of Virtucare die Syriibolcs piac'c , ) 
 Which dayand night , fuU carcfiilly helcepes , 
 Leaft that fo facred diing .mought be defac't 
 By Time , orEnvie , who ijot farrc away , 
 Doe lurkc to bring die fame vnto decay. 
 
 GreatLord , by di* Alrar Picric is meat , 
 1 hus , whcrcvpoti is virtue featcd fure * 
 Which thou pioteoceil with deare chcriflimcnc -, 
 And c oft thy bcft , their fafetie to procure 
 By howerly care , as doth this Lioa white 
 1 ipe ot thy miidnes , and tJiy feared might , 
 
 2. 
 
 Anag-amma 
 thoris .
 
 NOR maymyMufe greateD*&?, with prouder faile, 
 Ore-pafTe your name , your birth r and beft deferts : 
 But lowly ftrike , and to thcfe cullors vaile 3 
 That make ye yet bclou'd in forrcin partes , 
 In memorie of thofc difioined heartes : 
 
 Of two grrcatkmgdomcSj.whQm your grandfire wrought 
 Till Buckle-like 3 them bothin one he brought . 
 
 * Mild ?^hccrcin , to makeatnendes againc , 
 Ordauies your dates ye Hiall difpend in reft , 
 While Horror bound , in hundred-double chaihc , 
 At her faire feete 3 lliall teare her fnakic creft , 
 And fifarf in vainc , with Trumpet fterne moleft 
 Our Mule , that (hall her lofcieft numbers frame , 
 To eternize your S TE VVA R 7*5 Rokdlname , 
 
 * ... Pax optima 
 
 rerum 
 
 Q^jas homini n 
 
 vide da turn eft, 
 
 !x vaa triupai* 
 mmeritispodor 1 
 
 w dao, h*c iido prania digna tblic ; 
 
 Cai rvuovic8:ees icernm 
 Tem-wa dac rebus DIVA quieu tuu
 
 
 Gloria Principttm . 
 
 To the right truely Noble , and moft Honour able Lord 
 WILLIAM, Earle of Penbrooke . 
 
 n^jcn-'i pt* 
 
 da 
 
 Cllt A: -'TO lit* 
 
 vnoit.iLa ;-:;'.. 
 
 Salv.it: 
 
 OvLUadL. ia.; 
 
 t A LAD IE fake 5 who with Maicftique grace, 
 ** Supportcs a huge 5 and (lately Pyramis . 
 ( Such as th'old Monarches long agoe did place , 
 By N i L v s bankes- , to kecpe their memories ; ) 
 Whole brow (with all the orient Pearlcs befet a ) 
 Begirte*s a rich and pretious Coronet . 
 
 Shee Glorie is of Princes 5 as I find 
 Defcrib'd in Moneies , and in Meddailes old; 
 Thole Gemmes are^glorious proiedes of the mind 5 
 Adorning more their Roiall heades 5 then Gold. 
 The Pyramis theworldes great wonderment 5 
 Is of their fame ., fome * lailing Moniment . 
 
 FaftaDucisvivint operofr.quc gloria rcrum 
 Hxc maiiet hxc avxuos cffugit vna rogos ,
 
 His orntri out nfori . /*fa^> /> 
 
 To thf right Honourable , ad mo/l nohle Lord , H E N R Y , 
 Earle of Southampton . 
 
 H RE E Girlondes once ., COLONNA did devize 
 -* For his Imprefa , each in other ioin'd ; 
 The firft of o L i v E , due vnto the wile , 
 The learned brow, the L A v R p. L v greene to bind: 
 The o K E N was his due aboue the reft > 
 Who had deferued in the B attaile beft . 
 
 His meaning was , his mind he would apply 
 By due defert, to challenge each , his prize : 
 And rather choofe a thoufand times to dfe , 
 Then nor be learned 7 valiant , and wife . 
 How fewe alas,, doe now adaies we finde 
 ( Great Lord ) that/beart 3 thy truely noble mind .
 
 To the right Reverend t 'Athcr //^GOD^IOHN Btfap of L 
 
 Hic:l>oroji. 
 :i.pag: U 
 
 Liber omr,;' 
 !nii>rui finii 
 ell vrbi pul 
 
 r,r.tque mag - f. M ,~ _ /- , . 1 I v 
 
 cu; ardes co . ^ O HttldCV KCICS doth *HILARIE COlUparC 
 
 ?i:^T A ThehoIypnilnu-softhatprophetiqueKing, 
 SSvuc Caufe in their Natures fo difpof'd they are 3 
 
 -*-)- 1 r- . , -v. I ) "* -i t- ' < <*-^l/*a-rf-* r>v r t i *-\ s4 *~, * J * 
 
 nor cxpunat 
 
 y /jr. - r r woulclft thoii in thy Saviour' ftill reioyce,, 
 
 faf**** 1 * r ^ or *}' ^ mne ! ' with tearcs '^ment and pray , 
 * J/Fii Or ^ n g his praiies with thy heart and voice , 
 ^fe. Or for his mercies ^giuc him thankcsalway? 
 2 ^2"] '^ Ct D A v x T) s P^ mcs 5 *a mirrour to thy mind > 
 But with his Zcale , and heavenly fpirit ioin'd . 
 
 tomo 
 
 . .. IVS .-. 
 
 Uitti ttciiiit -juos p?a M-ifa TC-IKS ',' 
 
 I : r-?crc, ;nnmicrr>saditushr<ji*>pc rccluJant 
 Mcns quibui sihcrci pt> ili t Aiyla DEI.
 
 Jf halt rora. 
 T the honour able the LordWootton . 
 
 
 "V/ 1 E E Noblcft fprightes, that with the bird of i o v B , 
 * Haue learnt to lcaue,and loath _, this bafer earth y 
 
 And mount, by your infpiredthoughtes aboue, 
 
 * To heavcn-ward^omc-wardjWhcnceyou had your birth 
 
 Take to you this ? that Monarches may envie^ 
 
 Your heartcs content 5 and high foelicitie . 
 
 You, yon, that ovcr-lookc the cloudes of care , 
 
 And firiilcto fee a multitude of Antes , 
 
 Vppoa this circle, ftriuing here and there , 
 
 For THINE and MINE, yet pine amid their wantes; 
 
 While ycc your felues , fir as fpeclators free, 
 
 l : roMi action , in their follies tragxdie .
 
 SYMBOLORVM 
 
 RA N 
 COTVRTI 
 udLuca 
 
 Jimiiiililil :,i. ' : i . i llill'&iillillllililillliiliTnill
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 O 
 
 
 o. k 
 
 nono 
 on n'^ 
 DAD 
 
 CCD 
 n n tin 
 
 3 - 
 
 *IB 
 
 
 3 
 
 S S " 
 " 
 
 , b S 
 
 *is ^ 
 
 c w <
 
 /J? 
 
 $> 
 
 * 
 
 JC M * '5 ~ ^ 'O 
 
 O- c i> * C 3 r 4 - 1 
 
 rt R y c tl 
 
 &S * S.^i 
 
 a. u 
 
 cJ 
 
 | | J : J 
 
 a 2 |S 
 
 
 ?- 
 
 > 
 
 c 
 
 2 o s,s 
 
 3 M C ^L 
 
 lf!l 
 
 U1C 
 
 CX, 
 O 
 
 
 itfl" 
 
 x 5- * ^ 
 
 o-* x . 
 
 vi tq , ^ 
 
 .f* lT)i 
 
 %M ><S M S OS 
 
 *j S j>! . ^i
 
 22 
 
 CO 
 
 w 
 
 GO 
 
 Crf 
 
 ov H 
 
 CQ 
 
 O
 
 s Hi-fi 
 
 - *i3 
 
 S < 8H 
 5 2 ^ g 
 
 3 S "3 
 
 -~ 
 
 
 c 
 
 Ox 
 
 ^ o 
 N- E 
 
 <! 
 
 oo 
 US 
 
 s> 
 
 5 
 
 s 
 
 rt ti \ 
 
 LLj ^l ^ . 
 
 - * fc = 
 
 fll " *** O "^ 
 
 
 S c 
 
 3 
 
 
 BJ2J-S 
 
 p = <|! 
 
 H 8 t>
 
 SENTENTIO- 
 
 SE IMPRESE, ET DIALO- 
 
 GO DEL S V.M E O N E. 
 
 Can It i>erifceitione dclfito di Gergolirtjd GfOgrafit d'Oucrm\i> 
 Ufivurd & temp/o d'^fpollinc in VeUy:& tlfito hie- 
 
 roviyfico monimicntO) nttiuitlifuitA & Epitaffio. 
 AL SBRENISS. DVCA Dl SAVOIA. 
 
 IN L T O N , 
 A P R S S"O G V L f E L M O 
 i < o o. 
 
 CM Trittileno M Re.
 
 L E 
 
 IMPRESE DI M 
 
 GABRIEL S Y M E O N 1 
 
 F I O R E N T I N O. 
 
 PERI SER.ENISSIMIDVCA, ET 
 D V CHESS A D1SAVOIA. 
 
 L 3f un di Dioforta amorc & nome infronte* 
 Ualtradi ricca Gemma Orientzde. 
 
 Dotti ambojonjltfangue Qgnvn Reale. 
 Chtdttrtquefia che lelorlodtcontc? 
 
 Qui's dice 
 rcJaudcs*
 
 M O R A L I. 
 
 D EL RE ET REIN A 
 
 DI NAVARRA. 
 
 Ildur Diamanteseiduepiuchiarilumi, 
 Altro non dicon con <vniftifcde> 
 Se non ctieifbn tvnjome I'altra herecte 
 
 Si mtil ' 
 fcmpcr 
 
 C 2
 
 / MPX.ESE 
 
 GIOVIO, RID^OTTE & M O- 
 
 R A L I T A' DAL MEDESI- 
 MO SYMEONE. 
 
 DI CARLO V. IMPERATORE. 
 
 Ben conuenne a coftuit arditn imprefa, 
 J" Affricagia cognolhe ilfuo valore, 
 Ctianchornel Regiofiglio hogginon 
 Afoftrando talma a maggiorfatti accept. 
 
 f -3 
 
 PJus view
 
 TETR.ASTICHI 
 
 Dl PAPA LI ONE X 
 
 _ _ 
 
 SeilStgnornon loftratu&nonsadim: 
 <&lfa done hoggtdal del tal gratia 
 
 'JT * 9 ^* x i f^ /-*"** ^^
 
 M O R A L I. 
 
 non auenne chel'huom buono 
 Se ben pare hoggi che tignarofia 
 Solo ejjaltztto,haueffe careftia, 
 Ne ctial vino wrt&'fkflc difotto. 
 
 otto,
 
 J/ 
 
 IMPREST. 
 PRI. 
 
 SIGNOPI
 
 32 
 
 DE 1, IMPEHADOR 
 
 brojondo, ttortc uis' interpose, ondlno'l 
 
 i'oani mcta c cibamjffjjne cfuore; Haba&a il \monuol(r,ckc IOJA ?t 
 
 FBEtDEHINTJO^atJrate^tc m\r\re } A.ciafeit*t atotioso ictntdco. 
 
 SWo ^wair " demon tutto tltnonJp. Erodo godcraVrtnape tale 
 
 4 wvoMMc anull'altro fecondo, 1>afconfol(ita ftaiia,elmondo rco , 
 
 '. arse ne[ cor dqant<} avdtre VaftO<*ubwlf {didelprcpriomalf 
 Di render a GBSVcieuato honors, 
 
 *rco immondo
 
 I 
 
 DEL CAPITAN GIROLAMO MATTHEI ROMANO. 
 
 tal Aon da la, Xatiiva, Qucl, dw s o 
 C hf 'I finrcjicrro &gcn>ee c-oo/cc H'o i'wnjjwe m <*g*r com uciocc
 
 Sc ftclla intt^ua ha cfuiforyficualore Coy ftniAtojigfio alto 
 D Oertarrt mortolitnftujfi ret; ferkuirttffftterne^ ajfeco ap.ofo 
 ' " 
 
 L aprudarq* dc I'huemo haue di lei, "Borrdlajettaj a&io nitnicajmbando 
 
 E tf'ogn* rio dtftin yofia maaaiore . Qwmrifin ritovnato il prime lo CO 
 
 ude armata difennc e di uatorc A.\a$Lot*ana Chiftf a ; - in fu* auaptido 
 
 Iu'ixm dij^rancia^ fifotnini ~Dci "Do loSp/r ArDiw in I'ardente jo co , 
 I! ardir accompagnando di cofte't, 
 E/Kntefia (VgonofiVo juror e .
 
 7>fa 
 
 S TttTANO PITTOAE , 
 
 iff Jiuerfe ftt Joa. Puftn, j*irt /Wo aljammo ictli kotton, 
 
 <ntHthUe HiRtu aftpt ncjtri. ivetnttiffrt tmi ulcjk Mijiri. 
 H OH Junfjire ttt *ifiwi t hi colon XaTrTIAN", meroe i lt utntun, 
 <<i.*ra> tcnle Datura t'ornaiojtn : \?tnto kil'aftr,l'tntfune,e U Nttur*
 
 DEL . S . GIROLAMO RVS CELLI * 
 
 & aiuir'niJe /f i/wrAr httenapnc JrcemJe 
 
 B 'lv0 ltd no. cfirirjite rmc Itmri, D * cetejhjafer tie i ucrJi Alton 
 CrtJce,merceJiStelk time tjhtnle. Caff ere/tf it&ufcel ttnfun* d>ir 
 Dijnari ajemta.e ttfantifori: "Jfrrie
 
 SFECVLVM 
 
 Principis omnium tcmporum 
 
 Foetartmi. 
 HOMERI, 
 
 Id eft argument a xxiiij. libroruml&Ados 
 
 in quibta *rfj Prituipts Imago Poet he, 
 eltgnntifime exprimitur, 
 
 LES XXIin. LIVRES D'HOMERE 
 
 Reduia tfii tables demonitrauves figuiccs,pat 
 
 Crcfpm de Pafle , excellent graveur. 
 Chacquc livrc rcdi^c en jtgutr.ciu Pocricquc. 
 $A* If Mm /. UtUatre^ r dt U Rtviere rouennoit. 
 
 bJtant in Ojficin* CR. PASSAEI 
 TRAIECTI BATAVORVM, 
 
 t Ainhcmiz apud loanncm lanflbniuni; Bibiicpoh 
 ANNO
 
 LIV. III. 
 
 DEVIL 0V SINGVLIERE 
 baUilicentre Alcxandre MeneUe. 
 
 Ks vt/yv mart/its tri't. 
 
 BONA CAVSA DUS CVR>E. 
 
 jfiofiti In tUfntM eqtiititM cuneosa^fedejlres 
 tsfrigiui Pbrygijfy vm,fer* bettaminaniitr ; 
 Cum PriMJiturtges Helena njor.fjraMe y Pelaf^os 
 Co$nifiit Slaudatfa (lutes (plendcntibiu armie 
 Indutos , Martei want jbirantia^ or*. 
 Cirmnittit vatts iffo fKoxf*dere**rtarites , 
 Et fat ait jttfto faw.ofd pramij fim* 
 | VicltritVifcmfg rapt: ?bryg* twhbusatru 
 i Jpfa Vtmu t thaLvttcj, fatettjmvw**r 1^4 
 I f*deris,*~tomto fcaden jpt riui 'u jw. 
 
 L'Oilsinli nffcur^ chacun deux fe prepare 
 Lc Grcc 5c lc Troicn en .Ticfrne temps armts 
 Vontautievant dc- cequi Irs rend hullarmrs 
 Vnmurrsnf. laiiiemcntru!i5Ll' < Jurrercparc 
 Quia veu qic!<]uc foisvnCavaliicrTactare 
 Panadcf voltiMi a bras nud defarme 
 II a vcu VJi-nc-uu^ou! i'Hclennecbarm^ 
 Bafti'ft.vn fivt :*V : ;iv>u: quclabaultercmpare 
 II combat main * m^in zucc lc beau berger 
 Va.jnccr.tU faiil Pavjsccficubz lesion rangcf 
 Alt x n Jtc promc' de luy r<;m!te Hi dame 
 HcisTuncfoViiToocccc-T.pdchcceft e:F,iil, 
 '- t cc quc I'un promift par ' 'uurre fuft ^cfluift 
 ** * ~{au vaincceurq'uacplaiccn ionarc, 
 
 3 1
 
 LIB. VI. 
 HTLENT 
 Hcttorit cum Andwnah* wlkqui 
 
 
 CONTIENT Lt CONSE1L DV PROPHE- 
 
 te Hciene, enfembie le colleque de Hcdor 
 
 fit A femaie Andromache. 
 
 IN AD VERSIS AD DEOR.VM 
 
 recurrendum auzilium. 
 
 QVtAimw Sidweo tent at am PilUdapepb, 
 l^jrdamdttiOj nurm veneramtf /applies voct 
 lrM,iindiintm t referant,& pi* donaferentet 
 Kequtt quam ; nee ttum quitdtir* rtucUcrefa* 
 Marulu poterat, vcl Divttmfanguirtecrctits. 
 <j[d vcfevani lachnniM Tbebt* cmtigii,& tc 
 'I'.irut puerfriftttt & cafidutr aliment cm ? 
 -4>.<t Giiuci ivfyiiem DiontedtmrnKntrc & artKtf t 
 {ittsfnitewft prtcnl mctucndancufridis vmbram? 
 I'd i'jr:.'lew puhbrucGrnitatftbtnc Hector A in armit? 
 td dttfexto dtutntu eadue Hmcrw. 
 
 ri Ecuba & Priam a d vci t is <T HellemU 
 
 nQu'ilcefalioitarmcr labouchcdepriere 
 Pour chaffer dcleurroaux vnc panic atricrc 
 A ccflc fin auflfy le pcuple y fotaadoiis 
 Et ievcux prompt cmtt;t (uent fur I'auttcr mif 
 Hecuba iccuil baigt e auchappcllecefp^tc 
 Er iaunt defplie fa id; ainfy fa prierre 
 Dccffe en q in leg dieux t ant dc pouvoif onr nil 
 AppaiCe ton courroux & o'e noftrc infottune 
 Mon ft ic toy dcforcnait be nigne & opportune 
 Tandis Hc&or fafcM re.lcve Ic debat 
 Renouve!ic ic choc Ghucui & Diomcde 
 Co(rbAttcnt cntte ttnt le Cicl forge vrt reroede 
 6t tec k'cnti boot atoh au mzHieu du combat*
 
 LIB.XXIUI. 
 UtfONlTVS ACHILLES 
 tri reddit Cddavcr Heeler ft . 
 
 LIV.XXIIII. 
 
 ACHILLE PAR L'ADVhRTISSEMENT 
 
 de I up itcr , rend le corps mort de Hedor 
 
 a Priam, 
 
 CESSAT POST FY- 
 
 Dcra liver. 
 
 I VffKter it aw fa *m Ptlidit oh irm t 
 1 Etfaintu drum jam dettjljtt* 
 *9<Lfug't*nAe Hefasfivhew 
 Potifatum & dtceat tndiftAptntve mettm 
 TancTbetidcmnatonwritrKcm mil tit 
 
 um dif 
 r **tn 
 Potredum ante pedes t *tqttt fUaiJitppbcc vtclum 
 
 lltAttum : 
 
 ng 9i 
 
 ifc fepaltum. 
 
 T VppJter a A'chil' Tciidem i! envois 
 lAtfinquildcJlai Halt de plus uranuifer, 
 Le corps du preux Hedor fr ns le martiiifcr, 
 Ce dieu tout dc tech cf ins encor rcnvoic 
 A Pna{D,quj Mcrcur'arcmisfurUvois 
 Qui ccs yeox tout batgncs nc pouvoit efpnifcr 
 De vcrir ainfy d'Hcdcu.la gioirc rr.drptiler 
 Qui feuft jadis J'hoMicur dc iafuppcrbeTraic, 
 Aehili' eu(V & rnnlb^qm monta nuitanrdor 
 Qu pefdJi !e corps morr pirn o'un dr.p dc fin of, 
 Ceg'ind Maft%rcu(lcouverr&niisci) tepu-ture 
 Pa? miracle divift !es rooru i'aupis palnnic/s 
 Qop plania (ur Hi tomb- avrtq !es lauricrs, 
 
 -f a S'ir.lbnt Icur prcmicro nature* 
 Fin dcs 24, L 1 V. d'Hom eic.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 A BRIEF REVIEW OF ENGLISH EMBLEM- 
 BOOKS PREVIOUS TO A.D. 1618, AND OF 
 THE MIRROR OF MAJESTY ITSELF. 
 
 I. 
 
 J1MBLEM-BOOKS by English authors have 
 never been numerous, and seldom original in 
 their conception and execution. The ground 
 
 was occupied by the writers of Italy, France, 
 
 and Germany, and thence were works of an emblematic 
 character transplanted to England, receiving such pruning 
 and dressing as might accommodate them to another 
 climate and soil. Our elder poets indeed make it evident 
 that there was no deficiency among us of fancy to 
 devise and of language to express thoughts in emblems. 
 Chaucer's Prioress (Cant. Tales, v. 160) had 
 
 ' ' a broche of gold full shene, 
 On which was first ywriten a crouned A, 
 And after, Amor vine it omnia." 
 
 The Romaunt of the Rose abounds in allegorical descrip- 
 tions, among which may especially be named, THE GOD 
 OF LOVE, and his " bachelere " SwETE LOOKING, with 
 " turke bowes two," and " ten brode arrowes " in two 
 bundles. In five of them, v. 948 ; 
 
 ' ' all was golde men might see, 
 Out-take the feathers and the tree.
 
 66 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 The swiftest of these arrowes five 
 Out of a bow for to drive, 
 And beste feathered for to flie, 
 And fairest eke, was cleped Beautie." 
 
 The Well of Love is afterwards described, v. 1 567, and the 
 writer says, 
 
 " Downe at the bottome set saw I 
 Two cristal stones craftely 
 In thilke fresh and faire well, 
 But o thing soothly dare I tell." 
 
 The "two cristal stones" are the one "the mirrour 
 perillus " ; the other the mirrour in which among a 
 thousand things more he saw, v. 1651, 
 
 " A roser charged full of roses 
 That with an hedge about encloses." 
 
 The monk of Bury St. Edmunds, John Lydgate, after- 
 wards to be mentioned, in his rendering of the Dance of 
 Macaber into English rhymes, presents no less than four 
 subjects for emblems in his four lines on God's Providence. 
 
 " God hath a thousand handes to chastise, 
 A thousand dartes of punicion ; 
 A thousand bowes made in divers wise ; 
 A thousand arblasts bent in his dongeon. " 
 
 The Turns of Fortune, by Sir Thomas Wyatt, need but 
 " the pictures and short poesies " to be rendered into very 
 expressive emblems ; as 
 
 " He is not dead that sometime had a fall ! 
 The sun returns that hid was under cloud, 
 And when fortune hath spit out all her gall, 
 I trust good luck to me shall be allowed ; 
 For I have seen a ship in haven full, 
 After the storm had broke both mast and shroud. 
 The willow eke, that stoopeth with the wind 
 Doth rise again, and greater wood doth bind." 
 
 So also might be rendered, from Dunbar's Dance of the 
 seven deadly Sins, the expressive lines, where 
 
 first of all in dance was Pride, 
 
 With hair coiled back and bonnet on side, 
 Like to make vaistie wanes ;
 
 BADGES OF ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS. 67 
 
 And round about him as a wheel, 
 Hung all in rumples to the heel, 
 
 His kethat for the nanes. 
 Mony proud trompour with him trippit ; 
 Through scalding fire ay as they skippit, 
 
 They girned with hideous granes," 
 
 Lastly, Lord Sackville's description of Misery, Sleep, 
 and Old Age, at the beginning of the Mirrovr for Magis- 
 trates, shows how readily proverb and picture might be 
 employed to give to portions of his work all the charac- 
 teristics of emblematical device. Misery's plight has been 
 portrayed, and the graphic description thus goes on : 
 
 " By him lay heevy Sleep, the cousin of death, 
 Flat on the ground, and still as any stone, 
 A very corpse save yielding forth a breath : 
 Small kepe took he whom Fortune frowned on ; 
 Or whom she lifted up into the throne 
 Of high renown ; but as a living death, 
 So dead alive, of life he drew the breath." 
 
 If we may rely on the testimony of Neugebaverus in 
 his Selectorum Symbolorvm Heroicvm Centvria gemina, 
 Francfort, 1619,* a year only after the Mirrovr of Maiestie, 
 there were Emblems in use by ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS 
 as early as the conquest of England by the Duke of 
 Normandy. To William I., king of England, he assigns 
 a Lion erect and preparing to meet an engine of war, and 
 two spears, the motto FORTITER RESISTENDVM, Bravely 
 must we withstand. 
 
 Henry I. has a ladder, the motto, PER GRADVS VELOX, Swift by the steps- 
 Henry II. an anchor erect, FATA VIAM INVENIENT, The fates 'will find 
 a way. 
 
 * A work of very similar character, of which we have the beautiful 1 2th 
 edition, 1666, before us, had appeared in 1601, 1602, and 1603, containing 
 about 350 Emblems, with their mottoes and devices. The title is " SYMBOLA 
 DIVINA ET HUMANA Pontificvm Imperatorum Regum ; et Symbola varia 
 diversorum principum ; Ex musreo Octavii de Strada, cum Isagoge lac. 
 Typotii, &c." Egidhis Sadeler. Prag<z. Fol. The selection by Neuge- 
 baverus is greatly indebted to the Symbols divine and human of Octavius de 
 Strada. 
 
 There are also about 160 mottoes, devices, and quatrains without pictures, 
 /. e. 160 nude Emblems, in Le Vassevr's " DEVISES UES EMPEREVRS ROMAINS, 
 tant Italiens que Grecs & Allemans, depuis lules Caesar iusques a Rodolphe II. 
 a present regnant." I2mo., pp. 80. "A Paris, M.DCVIII."
 
 68 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 Edward I., King of England and Ireland, a covered enclosure, HINC 
 FORTivs I BO, Hence more bravely will I go. 
 
 Edward II., a spider's web, with ARDENTIOR IBO, More eagerly will I go. 
 
 Edward III., King of England, France, and Ireland, a whale sporting with 
 little fishes, ASSENTATIONS MORIOR, By flattery I die. 
 
 Richard II., a serpent twined about stalks of laurel and palm, that form an 
 oval wreath with a crown above, REGIS VICTORIA AC VIRTVTIBUS, For the 
 king's victory and virtues. 
 
 Henry IV., an altar supporting an erect sword and crown, PRO ARA ET 
 REGNI CVSTODIA, For the altar and safety of the kingdom. 
 
 Henry V., an eagle holding a garland in its beak, IMPERII SPES ALTA 
 FVTVRI, The high hope of future empire. 
 
 Henry VII., a crane with one leg on a globe, and in the other grasping a 
 stone, NON DORMIT QVI CVSTODIT, He sleeps not who guards. 
 
 Henry VIII., a portcullis of six beams, surmounted by a crown, SECVRITAS 
 ALTERA, A double safeguard; also, the rose and crown; RVTILANS ROSA 
 SINE SPINA, The red rose without a thorn. 
 
 From another source (Gentleman s Magazine, 1819, pt. ii. 
 pp. 130-131 ; and 1826, pt. ii. pp. 201-203), we learn that, 
 on some occasions, Henry VII. adopted, for his badge, the 
 white and red roses in union ; and on other occasions, 
 in reference to Bosworth field, the crown in a bush : 
 Henry VIII. made use also of the device of an archer 
 drawing his arrow to the head ; Edward VI. chose for 
 himself a sun, or the phoenix, with the motto, NASCATVR 
 VT ALTER, That another may be born. Mary, as princess, 
 preferred the white and red rose and a pomegranate 
 knotted together ; as queen, Time drawing truth out of a 
 well, the words being VERITAS TEMPORIS FILIA, Truth 
 tlie daitghter of time. Of Elizabeth's badges we find 
 mentioned her mother's falcon,* or rather dove ; and the 
 crown and sceptre, but most frequently a sieve. Among 
 the mottoes were SEMPER EADEM, Always the same, and 
 VIDEO ET TACEO, I see and am silent. 
 
 The foregoing account of Emblems or Badges adopted 
 by the Sovereigns of England, is very far indeed from 
 being exhaustive, neither is it to be regarded as possessing 
 absolute certainty. Many might be added, some might 
 be controverted, but for such as have been mentioned, 
 the authority relied on has been adduced. 
 
 * In Symb. div. et hum., ed. 1673, p. 302, Queen Anna Boleyn has for 
 device a star shining within the serpent-circle, surmounted by a crown, and on 
 the scroll FATO PRVDENTIA MAIOR, Wisdom greater than fate.
 
 BADGES OF ENGLISH NOBLES. 69 
 
 The nobles too and gentry of England followed the 
 example of the sovereigns, in appropriating to themselves, 
 each a badge or device, and motto. A manuscript in the 
 British Museum (Bibl. Cotton Claudius, CIII. Plut xxi. 
 F. 4), Names and Arms of KnigJits from 1485 to 1624, 
 gives many undoubted proofs of heraldic devices ; and tJie 
 Covntesse of Pembroke's A rcadia ; written by Sir Philippe 
 Sidnei, proves by the mottoes and devices on the shields 
 of the knights, the abundant knowledge of the subject and 
 readiness of invention which the author possessed. Amply 
 sufficient, however, on this point is it to adduce the au- 
 thority of Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, in his admirable 
 introduction to the Chief Victories of the Emperor CJiarles 
 the Fifth, p. xxiii, where he speaks of the Emperor's 
 " usual and favourite device," the Pillars and Phis ultra, 
 as "one of the most famous of its class": "when such 
 inventions were held in high esteem," and " the noble 
 gentlemen of Europe, in adorning their glorious triumphs, 
 declared their inward pretensions, purposes, and enter- 
 prizes, not by speech or any apparent manner, but 
 shadowed under a certain veil of forms and figures," and 
 "when it was the fashion for men of all degrees to clothe 
 in symbolic shape their sympathies or antipathies, their 
 sorrows, joys, or affections, or the hopes and ambitions of 
 their lives." To set forth then a Mirrovr of Maiestie, like 
 the work now reproduced, was simply to collect together 
 the recognized distinctions of rank, or in some cases to 
 invent, as in many previous instances, the devices and 
 the mottoes which were deemed suitable to the persons 
 represented. 
 
 In the CENTVRIA GEMINA, the double hundred of 
 Choice Heroic Symbols, before quoted from, are several 
 Emblems assigned to kings of Scotland and of Denmark ; 
 these we purpose introducing among the plates illus- 
 trative of the Mirrovr of Maiestie ; but we will here 
 simply note down what Peacham testifies in his Minerva 
 Brit anna, ed. 1612. 
 
 "Who hath ever scene," he asks, "more wittie, proper, and significant 
 devises than those of Scotland? (to omit more auncient times) as that of King
 
 70 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 James the third, devising for himselfe (to expresse the care he had of his country 
 and People) a Hen sitting over her Chickens, with the word Non donnit qui 
 custodit ; as also James the fowrth taking to himself a bifront, or double face, 
 plac't vpon the top of a Columne : the heades crowned with Laurell, the 
 word Vtrumque : meaning (as it is thought) he would constantly and advisedly, 
 like Janus, observe the proceedings as well of the French as the English, 
 holding them both at that time in lelousie. Many and very excellent have I 
 scene of his Maiesties owne Invention,* who hath taken herein in his younger 
 years great delight and pleasure, by which thou maiest see, that we are not so 
 dull as they would imagine us, nor our Soule so barren as that we neede to 
 borrow from their Sunne-burnt braines our best Invention." 
 
 Of early ENGLISH-EMBLEM BOOKS a prominent place 
 may be assigned to ^e Jpfoe SSJoun&S of CfWSt. 23g 
 SSEt'Uiam i3j}Umg,f written between the years 1400 and 
 1430. The original, according to William Bateman, of 
 Darby, near Matlock, the editor of the 4to Manchester 
 edition, 1814, is " a finely illuminated parchment roll of 
 about two yards and three quarters in length." There are 
 seven illuminated and seven outline plates, and the texts 
 bordered at the sides by a pinnacle and statue, on the 
 top by a cherub between two death's heads, and at the 
 foot by an unclothed skeleton lying on the ground. 
 
 The fourth illuminated picture is of a wounded hand 
 with golden rays issuing from it ; on the scroll is embla- 
 zoned the line " {fjc tf)e foell Of grace," and below the 
 stanza : 
 
 * From one of the king's letters, dated at Newcastle, on his journey to take 
 possession of his English throne, it is evident that he busied himself with 
 issuing commands for the striking of several new coins against the time of his 
 coronation. He minutely describes the arms, quarterings, and mottoes, and 
 while his name and titles were to be around his head, he chose as the word for 
 the shield EXVRGAT DEVS DISSIPENTVR INIMICI, Let God arise and my 
 enemies shall be scattered. With such facts we need not cancel the rendering 
 of the word "devise" in some lines quoted in Shakespeare and the Emblem 
 Writers, p. 122 : 
 
 " Maintenant, devise, &* coquette, 
 Regi par la Reine Jaquette." 
 
 Now, chitter-chatter and Emblemes 
 Ruled by our Queen, the little James. 
 
 t A writer in Notes ami Queries, Jan. 3Oth, 1869, p. 103, on mentioning the 
 monogram SSEillnt JSIUglig, says, " I take it, then, that Billyng was only the 
 copier of the poems, not the author." Under the date March 6th, 1869, 
 p. 229, we are informed by Llewellyn Jewett, "that the original parchment 
 is at Lomberdale House."
 
 BILL YNGL YDGA TE. 7 1 
 
 " p?agle foelle of grace most prttgoust in Jjonottre 
 3n the kgngcs left hanoe set of Jerusalem 
 Sfoettur thanne bafomr is thg sfoete lucore 
 SSShichc in largesse to tts tooth ofot estreme 
 &o precius a flooe is in no kgngcs reame 
 f perfgte grace tfyofo art restoratgfe 
 8no in alle btu most preseruatgfe." 
 
 At the end of the work are six stanzas beginning, 
 
 "Crtfj ofote of ertfj is fooroerlg foroght 
 JTor ortlj Ijatfj geten of crtfj a nofjul tfjgng of nogljt 
 rtfj ttppon ert^e fjatfj set alle tjgs iljog|}t 
 ertlje uppon crtJje mag be Ijggfj brogfjt." 
 
 About the same time with Billyng flourished John 
 Lydgate, Monk of Bury, who, it is said, wrote above 250 
 poems,* the greater part, however, of only a few leaves in 
 extent. He died in 1460 and is now chiefly remembered 
 for introducing into English rhymes The Daunce of MacJia- 
 bre, London, 1554, and given by Douce in the reprint of 
 1 790. " Whereon is lively expressed and shewed The 
 state of manne, And how he is called at uncertayne 
 tymes by Death, and when he thinketh least thereon." 
 
 Under Henry VI. Lydgate's verses were set up in the 
 great cloister on the north side of the old cathedral 
 church of St. Paul, London, to explain the personages 
 who took part in the Dance or March of Death, which 
 had been painted there on the walls. They were pre- 
 served in this place until the reign of Edward VI., when, 
 according to Stowe's Survey of London, edition 1720, 
 vol. i. bk. 3, p. 145, " in the year 1549, on the loth of April, 
 the said Chappel, by Commandement of the Duke of 
 Somerset, was begun to be pulled down, with the whole 
 Cloister, the Dance of Death, the Tombs and Monuments." 
 
 Another work " by Ihn Lidgate Monke of Berry " was 
 printed at London in 1614; a folio of 318 pages in 
 double columns ; it is " THE LIFE AND DEATH OF 
 HECTOR ; One and the first of the most Puissant, 
 
 * In Speght's Workes of our anttint and learned English Poet Geffrey 
 Chaucer, London, 1 598, at folio 398 there is an account, or rather catalogue, 
 of Lydgate's Translations and Poetical Devises.
 
 72 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 Valiant, and Renowned Monarches of the world called the 
 Nyne worthies" Within the richly ornamented title-page 
 the anachronism is committed of placing the escutcheon of 
 America on a book first dedicated "vnto the high and 
 mightie Prince HENRY the Fift." 
 
 Some evidence of Lydgate's knowledge of device may 
 be adduced from Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum, 
 edition 1849, Hi., Note 99, p. 104. Besides the numerous 
 limnings, one hundred and twenty, on his MS. Life of St. 
 Edmund, " which formerly belonged to King Henry VI., 
 are representations of Two BANNERS, feigned by the 
 poet to have been borne by St. Edmund in his war against 
 the Danes. The first represents Adam and Eve by the 
 tree of life, about to eat the forbidden fruit, which is 
 reached to the woman by the serpent, who appears down 
 the middle with a human shape. Above is the Holy 
 Lamb with a gold circle and a glory about its head ; its 
 right foot bearing up a golden cross fleuree fitchee. The 
 red ground of this banner within the circle which contains 
 the Lamb is powdered with crescents, and without with 
 stars, all of gold, as is the tree itself. The figures of the 
 woman, serpent, and man, the apples and the Lamb, are all 
 of silver. The second banner represents the coat of arms 
 belonging to the abbey, Az. three crowns Or: the crowns, 
 according to the poet, signifying royal dignity, virginity, 
 and martyrdom. Lydgate represents St. Edmund to have 
 used this banner ' at Geynesburuhe.' " 
 
 Sir Thomas More, who was born in 1480, has left suffi- 
 cient proof of his knowledge of Emblem-writings and of 
 his power to imitate them. What he did in this way are 
 indeed only fragments executed by him about A.D. 1495 
 or 1496, and the pictorial delineations themselves have 
 perished with the fair cloth on which they were painted. 
 From his Works,* printed in 1557, we extract the fol- 
 lowing notice : 
 
 * Within a monumental border the title runs : " THE vvorkes of Sir 
 Thomas More Knight, some tyme Lorde Chancellour of England, ivrytten by 
 him in the Englysh tonge. Printed at London at the cosies and charges of lohn 
 Ca'vood, lohn Waly, and Richaide Tottel. Anno 1557." Small folio. 
 Initial pages 36, unnumbered, I 1458 numbered; total pp. 1494.
 
 MORE. 73 
 
 " Mayster Thomas More in his youth devysed in hys 
 fathers house in London, a goodly hangyng of fyne 
 paynted clothe, with nyne pageauntes, and verses ouer of 
 euery of these pageauntes : which verses expressed and 
 declared, what the ymages in those pageauntes repre- 
 sented : and also in those pageauntes were paynted, the 
 thynges that the verses ouer them dyd (in effecte) declare, 
 which verses here followe." 
 
 The subjects of these "nyne pageauntes," all written 
 in English, except the last, which is in Latin, are <2H)gUj= 
 
 fjoli, JtlanfjotJ, Fenus anto (ZDupste, g*ge, Bet|), Jpame, 
 pme, 35ternitee, and f)e ^oct.* 
 
 " En tfje st'xt pageant foas paintefc lafcg jpame. &n& bn&er 
 fjer fete fcoas tfje picture of Beat!) tfjat fcoas in tfje fiftl) pageant. 
 ouer tfjis sixt pageaunt tfje fcoritgng fcoas as folotoetfj : 
 
 "IF 
 
 JFame am callrtJ, tnarttaplc gou notfjing, 
 CTjough iuitfj tongcs am compassrlJ all rounfie 
 Jm in faogce of people is mg cljtrfe liugng. 
 cruel otatfj, tljg poixiev C confountoe. 
 ESEijen tfjou a noT)le man fjast brought to grounfie 
 ffliaugrg t|)g teet^ to Igbe eause fam sfjallll, 
 f people in perpetuall memorg." 
 
 The progress which books of Emblems made in Eng- 
 land may next be marked by two translations from 
 Brandt's Barren Jbcftgff, Bale, 1494, which were printed 
 in London in the year 1509. The one rendered 
 through the French by Henry Watson, THE SHYPPE OF 
 FoOLES, came from the press of " Wynkyn de Worde 
 MCCCCCIX " ; the other, through Latin, French, and Ger- 
 man, by Alexander Barclay, fje Sbfrgp Of JpoIpS of tf)e 
 S2Jorl&e was " Imprinted in the Cyte of London by 
 Richard Pynson M.D.IX." Barclay's translation was re- 
 peated in 1570 by Cawood, "Printer to the Queenes 
 Maiestie." Of the style of this work we may judge 
 by the Foolish Book-Collector's description of his own 
 pursuits. 
 
 * Sec Dibdin's Typ. Antiquities, ii. p. 431. 
 
 C
 
 74 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 " I am the first foole of all the whole Navie 
 To keepe the Pompe, the Helme, and eke the Sayle : 
 For this is my minde, this one pleasure have I, 
 Of bookes to have great plentie and apparayle. 
 I take no wisdome by them, nor yet avayle, 
 Nor them perceave not, and then I them despise ; 
 Thus am I a foole, and all that sue that guise. 
 
 That on this Ship the chief place I governe 
 
 By this wide Sea with fooles wandring, 
 
 The cause is plaine and easy to discerne, 
 
 Still am I busy bookes assembling, 
 
 For to have plentie, it is a pleasaunt thing 
 
 In my conceyt, and to have them ay in hande ; 
 
 But what they meane do I not understande. " 
 
 Barclay was priest, or chaplain of the college of Ottery 
 St. Mary, Devonshire, and afterwards monk of Ely. 
 Hazlitt's Hand-Book, p. 25, supplies evidence that he 
 "was employed by Henry VIII. to compose the impressas, 
 &c. used at the Field of Cloth of Gold," A.D. 1520. To 
 the 1570 edition of the Shyp of Folys of the Worlde is 
 attached an Emblematical work translated from Domini- 
 cus Mancinus, Libelhis de quattnor virtutibus, edition 1484 : 
 it is entitled, " The Mirrour of Good Maners" " containing 
 the foure Cardinal Vertues." The Myrrour of good Maners, 
 however, was first printed by " Rychard Pynson," and then 
 with the types of Wynkyn de Worde, circa 1516. 
 
 The year 1520 gave welcome to an English version 
 of the IBgalogUS Crenturarum, a collection of Latin 
 fables, to which, in the fourteenth century, was appended 
 the name of Nicolas Pergaminus, and which was first 
 printed by Gerard Leeu, at Gouda, in 1480. The English 
 title is The Dialoges of Creatttres woralyzed, " of late tras- 
 lated out of latyn in to our Englysshe tonge, right profitable 
 to the gouernaunce of man." Of the 122 devices in simple 
 outline the Shakespeare Emblems, p. 52, offer two examples : 
 TJie Sun and the Moon, and The Wolf and the Ass. In 
 the Royal Library at the Hague there is a beautifully- 
 illuminated copy of the original work. Haslewood in 
 1816 reprinted 100 copies ; but above half were de- 
 stroyed by an accidental fire, and thus the reprint itself, 
 though very modern, is very rare.
 
 BIBLE FIGURES PETRARCH. 75 
 
 Assuming, as we may do, that devices followed by 
 stanzas are characteristics of Emblem-Books, there may 
 here be named in the series, Quadins historiques de la 
 Bible, Historic Picture-frames of the Bible, with designs 
 by "the little Bernard," published at Lyons between 1553 
 and 1583. Of these there was an English version ; and at 
 Lyons, in 1553, appeared " The true and lynely Portreatures 
 of the woll Bible (translated into English metre by Peter 
 Dorendel)." 
 
 A short time before, in 1549, had also been issued by 
 John Frellon, of Lyons, " The Images of the Old Testament, 
 set forthe in Ynglishe and French, vuith a playn and 
 brief exposition " ; and this work may be said to have had 
 its herald in 1535, when Story s and Prophesis were 
 " prentyd in Andwarpe." 
 
 The pretty little volume by William de la Perriere, Le 
 'Theatre des bons Engins, auquel sont contenu cent Em- 
 blemes," bears the date, Paris 1539; but except "a frag- 
 ment of an English translation " in the noble Emblem 
 Library at Keir, in Scotland, no English version is known ; 
 but by the cast of the type and by the woodcuts, this 
 English translation " migJit be of the sixteenth century, 
 and probably as early as Daniell's Jovius." 
 
 According to Ames's Antiquities of Printing, Herbert's 
 edition, p. 1570, the Emblems of the famous Italian 
 lawyer, Andrew Alciat, were published in an English 
 version in 1551 ; but this account is very apocryphal, and 
 as yet unsupported by other testimony. 
 
 GLI TRIUMPHI DEL PETRARCHA, Triumphs of Love, 
 Chastity, and Death, had, in the Venice editions of 1500 
 and 1523, been adorned with vignettes and wood-engrav- 
 ings; but it was not until about the year 1560 that the 
 work was translated into English, also with wood-engrav- 
 ings, and bore the title " The Tryumplies of Fraunces 
 Petrarckc" " by Henry Parker knyg 1 ' 1 , lorde Morley." * 
 The long popularity of Petrarch's Triumphi is attested by 
 
 * "On 25th Nov., 1556, he, by the death of his aged grandfather succeeded 
 to the barony of Morley." "He died 22 Oct., 1577.'' For particulars of 
 him see Athciuc C<Mtabrigietuet, \. pp. 378 and 566.
 
 76 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 English translations in 1644, 1807, 1836, and 1859, to 
 which are attached the names of Mrs. Anne Hume, Henry 
 Boyd, Lady Dacre, and Thomas Campbell. 
 
 The allegorical, not to name them the emblematical 
 Visions of Petrarch, as well as those of Bellay, Spenser 
 exhibited at an early period of his life. These, together 
 with the Visions of the World's Vanitie, present " a series of 
 Emblems." * We subjoin one of them, The Phoenix, from 
 Petrarch : 
 
 " I saw a Phoenix in the wood alone, 
 With purple wings, and crest of golden hewe ; 
 Strange bird he was, whereby I thought anone, 
 That of some heavenly wight I had the vewe ; 
 Untill he came unto the broken tree, 
 And to the spring, that late devoured was. 
 Why say I more ? each thing at last we see 
 Doth passe away : the Phoenix there alas, 
 Spying the tree destroid, the water dride, 
 Himselfe smote with his beake, as in disdaine, 
 And so foorthwith in great despight he dide ; 
 That yet my heart burnes, in exceeding paine, 
 For ruth and pitie of so haples plight : 
 O ! let mine eyes no more see such a sight." 
 
 Emblems, as the author names them, or posies, are 
 added to each part of The ShepJieards Calender, and the 
 structure of the eclogues or tales bears directly upon the 
 subjects. Take Colin's Emblem for November, LA MORT 
 NY MORD, death byteth not, and follow up the tale of Dido's 
 death until 
 
 " She hath the bonds broke of eternall night," 
 
 And- 
 
 " raignes a goddesse now emong the saintes 
 
 That whilome was the saynt of shepheards light, 
 And is enstalled nowe in heavens hight. 
 
 I see thee, blessed soule ! I see 
 
 Walk in Elisian fieldes so free. 
 
 O happy herse ! 
 Might I once come to thee, (O that I might !) 
 
 O ioyfull verse." 
 
 * See Spenser's Life prefixed to Moxon's 1856 edition of his works, 
 pp. x. and xi.
 
 GIO VIO R US CELLI SIDNEY. 77 
 
 It is to be noted how every part of the narrative con- 
 duces to the exposition of the theme, death byteth not. 
 
 " For," adds the author, " although by course of nature we be borne to die, 
 and being ripened with age, as with timely harvest, we must be gathered in 
 time ; . . . yet death is not to be coveted for evill, nor (as the Poet said a 
 litle before) as doome of ill desert. For though the trespasse of the first man 
 brought death into the world, as the guerdon of sinne, yet being overcome by 
 the death of one that died for all, it is now made (as Chaucer saith) the greene 
 pathway of life. So that it agreeth well with that was saide, that Death 
 byteth not (that is) hurteth not at all." 
 
 Among the early treatises on Emblems the first place 
 is to be assigned to Paolo Giovio's DlALOGO dell Imprese 
 Militari et Amore ; or, as it is sometimes entitled, 
 RAGIONAMENTO, Discourse concerning the words and devices 
 of arms and of love, which are commonly named Emblems. 
 Closely allied in subject and in treatment are Ruscelli's 
 -DisCORSO, Venice, 1556, and Domenichi's RAGIONAMENTO, 
 of the same city and year. 
 
 The correspondence of Sir Philip Sidney with Languet 
 in 1572 shows that he was acquainted with Ruscelli's 
 Imprese illustri ; and the mottoes and devices in the 
 Arcadio t as we have noticed, give evidence of his general 
 knowledge of the Emblem Art. The knowledge spread in 
 his native land, and in 1585 to the English reader was 
 offered " THE WORTHY TRACT OF PAULUS louius, con- 
 tayning a Discourse of rare inuentions both Militarie and 
 Amorous called Imprese. Whereunto is added a Preface, 
 contayning the Arte of composing them, with many other 
 notable deuises. By Samucll Daniell late Student in 
 Oxenforde." 
 
 As a specimen of Giovio's Worthy Tract we select a 
 passage in Daniell's translation, where Lorenzo the Mag- 
 nificent is spoken of as symbolizing Faith, Hope, and 
 Charity. Giovio himself is the speaker, and says : 
 
 " I canot go beyond the three Diamats which the great Cosimo did leave, 
 which you see engraven in the chamber wherein I lye. But to tell you the 
 trueth, although with all diligece I have searched, yet canot I find precisely 
 what they signifie ; & thereof also doubted Pope Clemet, who in his meaner 
 fortune lay also in the self same chamber. And trueth it is that he sayd, the 
 MagHtfico Lorenzo vscd one of them with greatc braucrie, inserting it betwecnc
 
 78 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS, 
 
 three feathers of three sundrie colours, greene, white and red : which betokened 
 three vertues, Faith, Hope and Charitie, appropriate to those three colours : 
 Hope, greene ; Faith, white ; Charitie, red ; with the worde Semper belowe it. 
 Which Impresa hath bene used of all the successors of his house, yea, and of 
 the Pope : who did beare it imbrodered on the vpper garments of the horsmen 
 of his garde, vnder that of the yoke." 
 
 Of Doni's three Emblem works, I MONDI, the Worlds ; 
 I MARMI, the Marbles ; and LA MORAL FILOSOFIA, Moral 
 Philosophy, all printed at Venice, 1552-53, the last, "fje 
 JWotall ;[91)tlosopf)te of Uoni, drawne out of the aun- 
 cient writers," " was englished out of italien by Sir Th. 
 North." It is a 4to, printed in 1570 and again in 1601, 
 and was dedicated to Robert, Earl of Leicester, the patron 
 of Whitney's Emblems. 
 
 In the Colophon, North's translation declares, " Here 
 endeth the Treatise of the Morall Philosophic of Sende- 
 bar." Now the Parables of Sendebar, or Sendebad, were 
 a Hebrew work, says Brunet, v. 294, which was itself 
 derived from the Arabic version of a work originally 
 composed in India, and identical with the Fables of 
 Bidpay, or Pilpay. Among translations of Bidpay are 
 ranked Doni's Moral Filosofia, and North's English ver- 
 sion. (See Brunei's Manuel, i. 936, 938, 939.) 
 
 Another most popular book of Emblems, and most 
 deservedly so, was the little volume by Claude Paradin, 
 canon of Beaujeu, DEVISES HEROIQUES, Lyons, 1557. 
 With motto, woodcut, and prose description, it furnishes 
 much information, and abounds in interesting details. To 
 whom the initials P. S. belong, that appear as those of 
 the English translator, London, 1591, is not ascertained ; 
 nor do Lowndes, J. Payne Collier, and W. Carew Hazlitt, 
 venture on a conjecture. The title is, " The Hcroicall 
 Devises of M. Clavdivs Paradin, Canon of Beauieu, Where- 
 unto are added the Lord Gabriel Symeons and others." 
 It is very generally acknowledged that Shakespeare was 
 acquainted with this translation, and probably with the 
 original. 
 
 The paths of the Herald and of the Emblematist, even 
 if they do not run into one another and cross and double,
 
 PARADINB YNNEMA N WHITNE Y. 79 
 
 are so close together as not to be distinguishable in all 
 instances. We may, therefore, here give place to a notice 
 of a black-letter book of no mean fame, which first ap- 
 peared with woodcuts and other illustrations, on the last 
 day of December, 1562 ; namely, " Gerard Leigh's 
 gUcefcmS of gtrmorp, Imprinted at London in Fletestrete 
 within Temple barre, at the signe of the hande and 
 starre, by Richard Tottill." After two editions in 1591 and 
 1597, the work was re-issued with numerous heraldic 
 woodcuts and ornaments, THE ACCIDENCE OF ARMORIE, 
 sm. 4to, 1612. 
 
 Vander Noot's Theatre auquel sont exposes et montres les 
 inconvcniens et miseres qui suiuent les mondains et vicieux, 
 &c., bears the imprint " Londres chez lean Day 1568," 
 and is dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. This work was 
 followed the next year, 1569, by an English version, 
 attributed to Henry Bynneman. (See Hazlitt's Hand-Book, 
 p. 625, for the full title.) It is very noteworthy, that 
 at the beginning of the volume there are twenty-one 
 epigrams and sonnets, illustrated by woodcuts, which 
 Spenser translated at an early period of his life ; for " he 
 was matriculated" (see AtJi. Cantabrigienses, ii. p. 258) 
 "as a sizar of Pembroke Hall, 20 May, 1569," when, 
 according to the received biography, he was only sixteen 
 years of age. The translations, to which we have before 
 alluded, p. 76, were from Petrarch and Joachim du Bellay ; 
 and by reference to Les Oeuvres du Bellay, ed. a Rouen, 
 1592, Spenser's renderings, although the earliest of his 
 labours, are found to be both exact and spirited. 
 
 Of closer agreement than any preceding work in 
 English, with an Emblem-book's form and subjects, was 
 Geffrey Whitney's " CHOICE OF EMBLEMES AND OTHER 
 DEVICES, For the moste part gathered out of sundrie 
 writers, Englished and Moralized, And divers newly de- 
 vised." "Imprinted at Leyden M.D.LXXXVI." 4to. Whitney 
 was a native of Cheshire, and his work bears evidence to 
 his learning. To each of his 248 Emblems, except one at 
 p. 61, there is a woodcut as well as a motto, and one or 
 more stanzas. The work is confessedly a compilation,
 
 8o ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 and above 220 of the mottoes and devices have been 
 traced to their original sources ; indeed 202 are identical 
 with those of the five emblematists, Andrew Alciat, 1492- 
 1550; Claude Paradin, 1510-1590; John Sambucus, 1531- 
 1583; Hadrian Junius, 1511-1575; and Gabriel Faerno, 
 who died in 1561 in the prime of life ;* and twenty-three 
 others are gathered out of sundry other writers. 
 
 A rank among Emblem-works is claimed by Abraham 
 Fraunce, author of the Lamentations of Amyntas, 1587, 
 for his 4to volume printed in London in 1588, and entitled 
 INSIGNIVM, ARMORVM, EMBLEMATVM, HIEROGLYPHI- 
 CORVM, ET SYMBOLORUM, quae ab Italis Impress nomi- 
 nantur, explicatio." The Explication is in three books : 
 I. Concerning Insignia ; II. Concerning Arms ; III. Con- 
 cerning Symbols, Emblems, and Hieroglyphics. " It does 
 not appear," remarks Joseph Brooks Yates, of Liverpool 
 (see Lit. and Phil. Society, 1849), "that he composed any 
 Emblems in English": and "this work consists very much 
 of Heraldic deductions and of conventional rules and 
 distinctions which had been discussed very largely by 
 former writers. Moreover it ought to be classed rather 
 with the treatises on Devices and Symbols than among 
 Books of Emblems." 
 
 A similar judgment, and if we follow J. Payne Collier's 
 Bibliographical and Critical Catalogue of early English 
 Literatiire, vol. ii. p. 549, a far more severe judgment, must 
 be pronounced on Wyrley's TRUE VSE OF ARMORIE 
 shewed by Historic and plainly proued by example, &c." 
 pp. 169, London, 4to, 1592. The work contains wood- 
 cuts of " Banners, Ensignes, and markes of nobleness and 
 chevalrie " ; but according to Collier's just criticism, " it 
 really possesses no merit but of a technical kind, and the 
 two long poems, of which it mainly consists, are about 
 the worst performances in verse that appeared at a date 
 remarkable for the excellence of its poetry." 
 
 * For full information respecting Geffrey Whitney himself, his family, and 
 his Emblems, with their origin, reference is made to the fac-simile REPRINT 
 of 1 866, 410, pp. Ixxxviij and 440 ; with an Introductory Dissertation, Essays 
 Literary and Bibliographical, and Explanatory A'otes, by Henry Green, M.A.
 
 WILLET COMBE. 81 
 
 In his Wits Commonwealth, Meres accounts Combe, 
 Whitney, and Vv illet, as worthy to be compared with 
 "the--:e Emblematists, Andreas Alciatus, Reusnerus, and 
 Sambucus." The Emblem-works of Thomas Combe are 
 generally supposed to have perished, but W. Carew 
 Hazlitt's Hand-Book, p. 116, preserves the title thus: 
 " The theater of fine Devices, coteyning 100 morall 
 emblems, translated out of Fr. by Tho. Combe. Licensed 
 to Rich. Field in 1592." Not a word of comment is added ; 
 but the title itself, and the phrase " translated out of Fr.," 
 induce the inquiry, Was the French work from which 
 Combe made his version La Perriere's Theatre des bons 
 Eiigins auqnel sont contenus cent Emblemes ? And if so, is 
 not the fragment of an English translation of La Perriere, 
 which Sir William Stirling-Maxwell possesses, a relic of 
 Combe's work ? The conjecture receives countenance of 
 "truth from Hazlitt's notice of Guillaume de PERKIER, 
 p. 453; "i. Emblems. Translated into English. Circa 
 1591. i6mo. No perfect copy has been found. (Combe.)" 
 
 Andrew Willet, named as we have mentioned in Wits 
 Commonwealth^ is greatly praised in Fuller's Worthies, 
 \. 238. Hazlitt, Hand-Book, p. 657, confounds Andrew with 
 Rowland Willet, of Hart Hall, Oxford ; but though the 
 author's name does not appear on the title-page of the 
 Emblems, the dedication to Robert Devereux, Earl of 
 Essex, who was elected chancellor of Cambridge loth of 
 August, 1598,* and the printing of SACRORVM EMBLE- 
 MATVM CENTVRIA VNA, by John Legate, printer to the 
 university of Cambridge, even were there not also positive 
 testimony, show the work to have been the production of 
 Andrew, and not of Rowland Willet. The volume itself 
 is a quarto of 84 pages, but the Emblems are nude, that 
 is, without woodcuts. 
 
 To each Emblem there are usually appended a motto, a 
 text from Scripture, some Latin verses, and then a trans- 
 lation into English. The Dedication to the Earl of Essex 
 occupies four pages, and the first Emblem is curiously 
 
 * See Athena: Cantabrigienses, ii. p. 298. 
 
 D
 
 82 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS, 
 
 laudatory of Queen Elizabeth : " Boni principis encomium," 
 the praise of a good Prince. Like the fanciful stanzas of 
 Simias the Rhodian, this Emblem has its Latin verses of 
 24 lines, arranged in the form of a clipped stunted tree, as 
 given in the reprint of Whitney s Emblemes, p. xx., where, 
 by going down the left hand of the lines and taking the 
 first letter of each line, and then up the right hand of the 
 lines and taking the last letter of each line, the acrostic 
 is formed: ELISABETHAM REGINAM DIV NOBIS SERVET 
 
 IESVS INCOLVMEM. AMEN. Elisabeth queen long for us 
 may Jesus keep unharmed. A men. 
 
 The title is a long one, yet, because of the rarity of the 
 work, we subjoin it : 
 
 " SACRORVM EMBI.EMATVM CENTVRIA VNA, quse tarn ad exemplum apte 
 expressa sunt, et ad aspectum pulchre depingi possunt, quam quae aut a 
 veteribus accepta, aut inventa ab aliis hactenus extant. In tres classes dis- 
 tributa, quarum prima emblemata Typica, sive Allegorica : Altera historica, 
 sive re gesta : Tertia Physica a rerum natura sumpta continet. Omnia a 
 purissimis Scripturse fontibus derivata, et Anglo-latinis versibus reddita. 
 Ezechielis cap. iiij. vers. j. ij. 
 
 " Ex officina Johannis Legate florentissimse Academise Cantabrigiensis 
 Typographi. " 410, circa 1598. 
 
 The 67th Emblem, " Puerorum educatio," tJie education 
 of boys, affords a specimen of Willet's English style: 
 
 " A Scholler must in youth be taught, 
 And three things keepe in minde ful sure, 
 God's worship that it first be sought, 
 And manners then with knowledge pure ; 
 In Church, in scoole, at table must he 
 Deuout, attent, and handsome be. " 
 
 Of Andrew Willet, Collier's Early English Literature, 
 vol. ii. p. 524, gives an estimate and examples, but omits 
 perhaps the most beautiful of his emblems, the 37th, 
 Christ instantly present to him who prays aright. The lines 
 are as follow : 
 
 "The curtains wrought with pictures were 
 
 hanging in holy place ; 
 The Cherubs did with wings appeare, 
 
 and gave a goodly grace. 
 The house of prayer Angels frequent, 
 
 and Christ him selfe is there, 
 Then seeing these are alwayes present 
 
 we ought to pray with feare.
 
 THE MIRROVR OF POLICIE. 83 
 
 Certainly of Emblem proclivities is the curious work 
 which is next mentioned : 
 
 "THE MIRROVR OF POLICIE. A Worke no lesse pro- 
 fitable than necessarie, for all Magistrates, and Gouernours 
 of Estates and Commonweales." (Emblematical device of 
 scales, with a serpent in one dish outweighing a cat in the 
 other ; the scales are surmounted by a bird's head crowned, 
 and around the whole runs the motto " QviBVS RESPVBLICA 
 CONSERVETVR.") " LONDON. Printed by Adam Islip. 
 1598." Colophon. Finis. 
 
 4to vol. measuring 1.9 decimetres by 1.43 ; or 7.48 Eng. inches by 5.63 ; full 
 pages i.65d. by .87; the tree devices about i-4d. by .95. 
 
 Register. If in 2, A LI iij in 45= 136 leaves, all unnumbered. 
 
 Contents. Ifij, the Printer to the Reader. A LI iij, " The Mirrovr of 
 Policie." 
 
 The work is divided into a series of trees, each having a 
 Toot, from which the branches spring. Of the trees there 
 are seventeen, and the nature of the subjects represented by 
 them may be perceived from two or three : 
 
 A ij verso. " The three kinds of a good Commonweale : 
 
 Best of al. Better. Good. 
 
 A kingdome. The power of the best The power of such as are 
 
 men. meanly rich. 
 
 Regnum. Optimorii potestas. Censu potestas. 
 
 B(TiXt7a. 
 
 Ff ij. " The true fashion and image of every good Commonweale. 
 
 Priests Sacrifices. 
 
 Magistrates Judgements. 
 
 T,, Nobility r Armies. 
 
 The Citizens for Riches. 
 
 Artificers Handicraft. 
 
 Husbandmen Food. " 
 
 On Ff are the figures of these six orders surrounding a heart in the centre, 
 within which is placed a fortified city. The same figures are also given sepa- 
 rately, each followed by a description of the nature of his office or calling. 
 
 Kk ij verso and Kk iij. " In euerie Countriman that will be called a good 
 Husbandman, are three things required, To know the nature of the ground, 
 and the seasons to sow and reape ; Ability to haue oxen, horses, and other 
 instruments for tillage. A will, to be diligent and carefull to perseuer in his 
 country labour." 
 
 It is previous to the close of the sixteenth century that 
 we should assign the date of a manuscript Emblem-book
 
 84 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 which until lately was- in the celebrated Corser collection, 
 and which bears the title of 
 
 " CROSSE HIS COVERT, or a Prosopopoeicall Treatise : 
 Wherein y e whole course, and condition of his fore pointed 
 time vnto the full Periode of this his declininge age is 
 ioyntlie deciphered geveing to vnderstande how younge 
 Novices shoulde bestowe the floweringe Pride of there 
 youthfull yeares and greene budding daies in Heroicall 
 exercises, for y e advauncement of theire Countrie, and the 
 assistaunce of theire friendes, and not vnadvisedlie to trace 
 withe wearisome waye and labour some Laberinthe of 
 worldlie vanities, continuallie weavinge the webb of theire 
 owne woe." 
 
 The volume is a quarto of 46 pages, and its measure- 
 ments are 2.02 decimetres by 1.48, or 7.95 Eng. incites by 
 5.82. The Emblems consist of 44 stanzas of nine lines 
 each, interspersed with 70 very neatly-drawn devices and 
 50 shields. Some of the devices are copied from Whitney's 
 Emblems ; as at p. 16, Et vsque ad nvbes Veritas ; p. 40, 
 Icarvs ; p. 42, BaccJivs ; p. 44, Occasion, which may be 
 regarded as the colophon. 
 
 Merchant-Taylors' School, established about 1560, is 
 alluded to "as a famous schoole " founded " by famous 
 citizens"; and its first master, Richard Mulcaster, has 
 very honourable mention : 
 
 " To traine up youthe in tongues few might compare 
 With Mulcaster, whose fame shall never fade." 
 
 The royal arms, p. 33, are those of Elizabeth and of the 
 Tudors ; and the reference to the Belgian Dames, pp. 2-6, 
 agrees with her reign rather than with any other period. 
 Remarks against popery, p. 16, and various leanings to the 
 early Puritans, as p. 17, testify to the same conclusion. 
 The work opens in this way : 
 
 " When Titans fominge steades had girted rounde 
 The Tropicks Orbe, that bendes to Northen beare : 
 Before such time, at rage of Sierian hounde 
 Incensd with heate, had caus'd the Lyon teare."
 
 EMBLEMES OFLOVEGUILLIM. 85 
 
 Of the various Emblem-books for which the world was 
 indebted to Otho Vaenius, or rather to his designs and 
 drawings, but one contains an English version ;* it is 
 AMORVM EMBLEMATA, Emblemes of Love, with verses in 
 Latin, English, and Italian. Antverpiae, obi. 4to. M.DCIIX. 
 Of the Devices there are 125, excellent etchings rather 
 than finished engravings. From the English version we 
 select one as a specimen : FINIS CORONAT OPVS, Where 
 the end is good, all is good. 
 
 " The ship toste by the waues doth to no purpose saile, 
 Vnlesse the porte shee gayn whereto her course doth tend, 
 Right so th' euent of love appeereth in the end, 
 For losse it is to loue and neuer to preuaile. " 
 
 The whole work is dedicated " To the moste honorable and 
 woerthie brothers William Earle of Pembroke, and Philip 
 Earle of Mountgomerie, patrons of learning and cheualrie." 
 "Of these worthy brothers, William appears in the Mirrovr 
 of Maiestie as "the Lord Chamberline," p. 22, and Philip 
 under his own title, as " Earle of Mountgomerie," p. 34. 
 
 A celebrated work, first published in folio in 1610, was 
 John Guillim's DISPLAY OF HERALDRY, pp. 284; it is 
 dedicated " to his most sacred Maiestie," and attained to 
 great celebrity. The sixth edition was published in 1724. 
 Its author, born in Herefordshire in 1565, and dying in 
 1621, was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford; he 
 afterwards was a member of the Herald's College, and 
 in 1617 was appointed rouge-croix pursuivant of arms. 
 Some have attributed the work to Dr. John Barkham, a 
 native of Exeter, who died rector and dean of Becking, 
 and who was highly regarded for "learning, virtue, and 
 courtesy " ; but the point is a doubtful one. 
 
 Henry Peacham, the son of a father and author of the 
 same names, who in 1577 published The Garden of Elo- 
 quence, was schoolmaster at Wymondham, and besides a 
 variety of works, of which Hazlitt's Hand-Book, pp. 448-49, 
 
 * Hazlitt's Hand-Book, p. 624, says : "The English verses are by Richard 
 Verstegan."
 
 86 ENGLISH EMBLEM-ROOKS. 
 
 enumerates twenty, sent forth a large 4to in 1612, which 
 is strictly a book of Emblems ; " MINERVA BRITANNA, 
 or a Garden of Heroicall Deuises, furnished and adorned 
 with Emblemes and Imprests of sundry natures." The 
 volume, to which Whitney seems to have furnished the 
 model, numbers 232 pages, in two parts. The Emblems 
 and Devices are 203 ; to each .there is a motto, to many 
 a dedication, as to the king, princes, and nobles. It has 
 one new feature as a book of Emblems, in the anagrams of 
 names to the honour of which certain devices are devoted ; 
 as p. 14, ELISABETHA STEUARTA, which contains the 
 letters out of which may be formed the sentence, Has 
 Aries beata valet. 
 
 Henry Prince of Wales is the great hero of the book ; 
 but as kings and the chief officers of state are freely in- 
 troduced, it is almost as truly a Glasse for Royaltie as the 
 work by H. G. is a Mirrovr of Maicstie. From the plates 
 which will be given at the end of our volume of all the 
 Emblems by Peacham which name the same personages, 
 the opportunity will be given for comparing the two works 
 together, the Minerva Britanna, however, being by far 
 the more recondite and learned. 
 
 Peacham, in his Address to the Reader, speaks of " the 
 many and almost vnimitable Imprests of our owne Coun- 
 trie : as those of Edward the black Prince, Henry the fourth, 
 Henry the seuenth, Henry the eight, Sir Thomas More, the 
 Lord Cromwell, and of later times, those done by Sir Phillip 
 Sidney* and others." And in the Author's Conclusion 
 a vision is narrated by him in very readable stanzas of 
 the EMPRESSE OF THE ISLES. 
 
 " While proudly vnderfoote she trod 
 Rich Trophoeies, and victorious spoiles." 
 
 And with proud boastfulness the writer says 
 
 * So, as quoted in Hazlitt's Hand-Book, p. 448, Peacham, in his Compleat 
 Gentleman, 1622, remarks "The last [Emblems] I have seen have been the 
 devices of tilting, whereof many were till late reserved in the private gallery at 
 Whitehall, of Sir Philip Sidney, the Earl of Cumberland, Sir Henry Leigh, 
 the Earl of Essex, with many others, most of which I once collected with 
 intent to publish them, but the charge dissuaded me."
 
 PEACH AM. 87 
 
 " Here saw I many a shiver'd launce, 
 Swordes, Battle-axes, Cannons, Slinges, 
 With the armes of Portvgal and Fraunce, 
 And Crownets of her pettie Kinges. 
 High-feathered Helmets for the Tilt, 
 Bowes, Steelie Targets cleft in twaine ; 
 Coates, Cornets, Armours richly gilt, 
 With tattered Ensignes out of Spaine, 
 About her now on every Tree, 
 (Whereon full oft she cast her eie,) 
 Hung silver Sheildes, by three and three, 
 With Pen all limned curiouslie : 
 Wherein were drawne with skilfull tuch, 
 Imprests and Devises rare, 
 Of all her gallant Knightes, and such 
 As Actors in her Conquestes were. " 
 
 He passes through the splendid roll of names, a true 
 Mirror of most illustrious men, from " Great EDWARD 
 third," and " valiant IOHN of LANCASTER," down to 
 " Couragious ORMOND, LlSLE, and SAY," and demands 
 
 " where may be found, 
 These Patrones now of Chivalry." 
 
 The whole subject concludes with the assurance 
 
 " Now what they were, on every Tree 
 Devises new, as well as old, 
 Of those brave worthies, faithfullie, 
 Shall in another Booke be told." 
 
 Which of Peacham's after-works, if any, may claim to 
 be that " another Booke " does not appear : but about his 
 " Graphice, or the Most A undent and Excellent Art of 
 Drawing and Limning? 4to, 1612, there is an emble- 
 matical character ; and also about " THE GENTLEMAN'S 
 EXERCISE ; or an Exquisite practise, as well for drawing of 
 all manner of beasts in their true portraitures, as also the 
 making of all kinds of Colours to be used in lymning, 
 painting, &c.," 4to, also 1612. Of a fugitive " POEME upon 
 the Birth and in Honor of the Hopefull yong Prince Hcnric 
 Frederick, 1615," 4to 14 leaves, Collier's Bibliographical 
 Catalogue, ii. 138, declares, "it has no design, but is a 
 rambling laudatory and emblematical composition far 
 from discreditable to Peacham's taste, scholarship and
 
 88 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 general knowledge." " He certainly has left nothing 
 better behind him." 
 
 Belonging to the reign of James I. there is a fragment 
 in manuscript of an English metrical version of the Em- 
 blems of Alciat. The former owner of this manuscript, 
 the late Joseph Brooks Yates, of Liverpool, assigned this 
 date to it ; * but there are internal signs in the MS. of an 
 earlier time, though not earlier than the end of the six- 
 teenth century. The volume is a folio of 91 leaves, each 
 with an emblem, but having no motto, and a device, 
 usually coloured, the Latin text and the English stanzas. 
 From there being two devices on p. 55, there are 92 em- 
 blems. The drawings, though on a larger scale, follow 
 Plantin's edition of Alciat, 1581, or Rapheleng's, 1608. The 
 79 coloured devices are generally very bright. In Emblem 
 88, p. 75, mudd has good for its rhyming word, and suggests 
 that Lancashire was the county where the translator 
 learned his mother-tongue. 
 
 One specimen of the English metrical version will here 
 suffice, especially as it is in contemplation to give the 
 whole version in one of the Holbein Society's future pub- 
 lications. The Emblem is numbered CI. in Rapheleng's 
 edition, 1608 ; p. 90 of the MS. 
 
 SCYPHUS NESTORIS. 
 
 " STfytS Cupp of ancient Nestor, with 
 
 two bottoms here vptake ; 
 Which worke a massy silverne weight 
 
 with charges great did make. 
 The nailes are goulden, round about 
 
 foure handled are to holde, 
 Vpon each handle settled is 
 
 A Doue of yellow gould. 
 No man but aged Nestor could 
 
 this statelie pott vplift : 
 Tell me I pray you by this Cupp 
 
 what was old Homers drift. 
 The Cupp it self of silver made 
 
 sets forth the firmament. 
 The golden nailes vpon the same 
 
 the starres do represent. 
 
 See Transactions of the Liverpool Lit. and Phil. Society, Nov. 5, 1849.
 
 MIRROUR OF MAIESTIE. 89 
 
 The Pleiades some think that he 
 
 by yellow doues did shade ; 
 ffor greater and the lesser here 
 
 the double bosse he made. 
 These things old Nestor by long vse 
 
 did vnderstand full well, 
 Strong men make warres but wise is he 
 
 that course of starres can tell." 
 
 By following the current of time, we have now arrived 
 at THE MIRROVR OF MAIESTIE, which is a work of extreme 
 rarity. The Rev. Thomas Corser, Rector of Stand, near 
 Manchester, by whose very kind permission our fac- 
 simile imprint was first photographed and then lithographed, 
 at one time considered his copy the only one known that 
 was absolutely perfect, ab ovo ad mala, from beginning to 
 end. This he found to be not strictly correct, and himself 
 afterwards described it as " EXTREMELY RARE, if not almost 
 UNIQUE, there being only one other perfect copy known ";* 
 but Mr. Carew Hazlitt's very excellent Hand-Book, p. 217, 
 enumerates three copies, the Bodleian, Mr. Hut/is, and 
 Mr. Corser s, which are equally complete. Another edition, 
 or rather another copy with a fresh title-page, is also 
 mentioned, "Printed by William lones, dwelling in Red 
 Crosse Streete. 1619. 4 to- 34 leaves." 
 
 As will be observed on examination, there are thirty-three 
 " Noble Personages rancked in the Catalogue," " vnto whom 
 the worke is appropriated," and thirty-three coats of arms 
 set forth ; but as two Emblems are assigned to the king 
 and only one to the three lord chief justices, there are 
 thirty-two Emblems with their devices, all having mottoes, 
 excepting that which is appropriated to the Bishop of 
 London. 
 
 The garters around the shields show that, including the 
 sovereign himself, there were tzvelveof the noble personages 
 knights of this most noble order. Of the Royal family, 
 
 * A pencil note in Mr. Corser's copy says, "Excessively rare, only two 
 copies known, this, which is perfect, and another in the White Knight's col- 
 lection, which had the title reprinted with the date altered to 1619. At the 
 sale of that library in 1819, Pt. 2, 2924, it was bought by Mr. Perry for ;i8. 
 It was resold at Perry's sale for 17. i-js. to Mr. Heber, and again in Heber's 
 collection in 1834, Pt. 4, 739, for "]. icw. ex/, to Thorpe. " 
 
 E
 
 90 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 three members are named ; of the Church, one archbishop 
 and three bishops : there are five of the great officers of 
 state, one duke, one marquis, six earls, two lord viscounts, 
 eight bearing the title of lord, and three lord chief justices. 
 
 Though some of the devices and mottoes may be referred 
 to other sources, as Emb. I, the crown and mitre ; Emb. 3, 
 the phcenix; Emb. 12, the armed hand and sword on the 
 fire; and Emb. 16, the armed hand wielding thunder- 
 bolts, yet generally they may be regarded as invented 
 or adapted by the author himself. The stanzas for the 
 armorial bearings frequently refer to them, and those 
 which unfold the meanings of the devices are expressly 
 suited to the symbols and signs that have been employed. 
 Occasionally, however, we have to blame some intem- 
 perance of language against those to whom the king and 
 the nation were opposed. Twenty of the mottoes are in 
 Latin ; and the others, eleven, in Italian. 
 
 Considerable skill is manifested both in the designing of 
 the Emblems and in selecting the mottoes. There is also 
 nearly always appropriateness in the verses which set them 
 forth ; but their poetic merit does little to enhance their 
 value. Indeed, the very subjects that are treated of 
 achievements or hatchments of arms, heraldic ensigns, the 
 laudatory or the laboriously-concocted verses, the scrolls 
 of proverbial wisdom or of epigrammatic lore might serve 
 to dull inspiration where it existed and to bring genius 
 itself down to the level of unfrenzied thought. It is only 
 when we have gained some knowledge of the " noble per- 
 sonages that are rancked " within the volume, and have 
 learned something of their lives and characters, it is only 
 then that we can take an interest in the measured or, as is 
 often the case, in the unmetrical rhymes appended to names, 
 ensigns, and mottoes ; and we regard the work as one ex- 
 ponent, among many, of the reign of a king whom his 
 enemies did not fear, nor did his friends heartily love. He 
 was eager for praise, but unable to deserve it. 
 
 Yet we must not forget that the Mirrovr of Maiestie 
 reflects names of no trifling mark in the history, whether 
 of their age or of their country. The Archbishop of
 
 MIRR O VR OFFICER S OF STA TE. 9 1 
 
 Canterbury whom it commemorates was George Abbot ; 
 the Bishop of London, John King ; the Bishops of Win- 
 chester and Ely, James Montagu and Launcelot Andrews. 
 
 Of great officers of state, the Lord Chancellor was 
 Francis Bacon ; the Lord Treasurer, Thomas Howard, 
 Earl of Suffolk ; the Lord Privy Seal, Edward Somerset, 
 Earl of Worcester ; the Lord Admiral, Charles Howard, 
 Earl of Nottingham ; the Lord Chamberlain, William, Earl 
 of Pembroke ; and the Lord Chief Justice of the King's 
 Bench, Sir Henry Montagu. 
 
 Then, of other noblemen whose names are introduced, 
 Lodowick Stuart, Duke of Richmond and Lennox, was 
 Chamberlain and Admiral of Scotland ; Thomas Howard, 
 Earl of Arundel, had travelled through France and Italy, 
 and made the great collection " of the precious relics of 
 antiquity " which bears his name. Of him, too, it is re- 
 corded that he possessed " more Holbeins than all the world 
 besides."* The Earl of Southampton was Shakespeare's 
 friend, f Henry Wriothesley, to whom the poet declared, 
 " if your Honour seeme but pleased, I account my selfe 
 highly praised." Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, who 
 held the chief command in the army of the Parliament, 
 is named among " the Illustrious and Heroyicall Princes " 
 to whose " Eternall Memorie " the 24 leaves of Honour in 
 its Perfection, 4to, 1624, are dedicated: the Lord Viscount 
 Lisle was Robert Sidney, the brother of Sir Philip Sidney ; 
 and Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset, was grandson of 
 Thomas Sackville, who died in 1608, aged 82, and whom 
 Aikin's Mem. of James /., vol. i. p. 304, characterizes as " the 
 extraordinary man of genius, who, after affording in his 
 youth the poetical model of Spenser, was in advanced life 
 selected by Queen Elizabeth to succeed to the station of 
 Lord Burleigh." 
 
 Now these are names worthy to be reflected from a 
 Mirrovr of Maiestie, and lend to the Majesty itself the 
 brightest glories. 
 
 * Aikin's Mem. of Cmirt of James /., vol. i. p. 300. 
 t Grainger, vol. ii. pp. 30, 31.
 
 92 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 It is strange, therefore, that a work of such a name, and 
 with characters so celebrated recorded upon its pages, 
 should have passed into oblivion almost as soon as it was 
 published, and should for above two entire centuries obtain 
 not a word of honourable mention. The first to disinter it 
 was Edmund Lodge, in his Portraits of Illustrious Per- 
 sonages of Great Britain, vol. iv. p. 10. Lodge was writing 
 the memoir of the Life of Henry Wriothesley, Earl of 
 Southampton, one of the noblemen to whom, as we have 
 mentioned, an Emblem is assigned in the Mirrovr of 
 Maiestie ; he spoke of the "Mirrovr" as "a book of such 
 extreme rarity that it may be confidently presumed that it 
 now for the first time offers itself to the notice of modern 
 readers. The nature and method of the little work in 
 question, a copy of which, thought to be unique, is in my 
 hands, will be sufficiently explained by the title." ..." In 
 this collection, under the arms of the Earl of Southampton, 
 which consist of a cross between five sea-gulls, are these 
 lines " (See Emb. 14, printed 13) : 
 
 " No storme of troubles, or cold frosts of Friends, 
 Which on free Greatnes, too too oft, attends, 
 Can (by presumption) threaten your free state : 
 For these presaging sea-birds doe amate 
 Presumptuous Greatnes : mouing the best mindes, 
 By their approach, to feare the future windes 
 Of all calamitie, no lesse then they 
 Portend to sea-men a tempestuous day : 
 Which you foreseeing may beforehand crosse, 
 As they doe them, and so prevent the losse." 
 
 " On the opposite page to a biform figure of Mars and 
 Mercury encircled with the motto 'in utraque perfectus,' 
 is subjoined the following compliment" : 
 
 1 ' ~\ T 7 HAT coward Sloicke, or blunt captaine will 
 
 V V Dis-like this Vnion, or not labour still 
 To reconcile the Arts and victory? 
 Since in themselues Arts have this quality, 
 To vanquish errours traine : what other than 
 Should loue the Arts, if not a valiant man ? 
 Or, how can he resolue to execute, 
 That hath not first learn'd to be resolute ? 
 If any shall oppose this, or dispute, 
 Your great example shall their spite confute."
 
 MIRR OVRAU THOR SHIP. 93 
 
 The very same copy from which, by the great favour of 
 its owner, the Rev. Thomas Corser, our photolith fac-simile 
 reprint was taken, is the one which Lodge thought to be 
 unique, and which was in his hands when he wrote the 
 memoir of Henry Wriothesley. Written in pencil by 
 Mr. Corser, we found within the cover of it the following 
 record : 
 
 "This very fine copy belonged to the late Edmund Lodge, Esq., and is 
 particularly noticed in the Memoir of Henry Earl of Southampton, where he 
 has quoted the metrical lines which accompany his Arms, and those of the 
 Emblem annexed." "From Lodge it was purchased at the sale by Mr. Bent, 
 of the Aldine Chambers, Paternoster-row, for the sum of ,13. IDS." 
 
 We add, with some degree of pride in the excellence and 
 rarity of our exemplar, that when Mr. Corser's copy was 
 sold by public auction, March 19, 1869, the final bidding 
 was no less a sum than thirty-six pounds sterling. 
 
 The authorship of the Mirrovr of Majestie remains some- 
 what in doubt, but Mr. W. Carew Hazlitt, in a work which he 
 edited from Mr. Huth's very valuable collections, Poetical 
 Miscellanies, interprets H. G. to be the ciphers of Sir 
 Henry Goodere, an attendant on King James. In a note 
 at sign. HH verso, on An Elegy at sign. DD 4, the editor 
 remarks : 
 
 " Sir H. G. It is conjectured that these initials belong to Sir Henry Good- 
 yeer, whom the editor inclines to regard as the author of a very rare volume of 
 Emblems, The Mirrour of Majesty, 1618. Jonson, among his Epistles, has 
 one to Goodyere, and at the end of Drayton's Legends, 1596, 8vo., is a sonnet 
 in praise of the author by //. G. Esquire" 
 
 It depends on the interpretation we give to the elegy 
 in the Poetical Miscellanies, whether we assign it to King 
 James's reign, or later ; but the lament is probably over 
 the early death of Prince Henry, when the author asks : 
 
 " Will not he think that, by lamenting thus 
 The leaving of these kingdoms and of us, 
 We do not to his new-got Kingdom strive, 
 Where he is crown'd, his fathers both alive ? " 
 
 The same notion that Prince Henry has a "a new-got
 
 94 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 kingdom," where, if not literally crowned, he lives in 
 blessedness, occurs in the Mirrovr's 4th Emblem, p. 7, 
 dedicated to his brother Charles : 
 
 " When Peace (suspecting he would ivarre inferre,) 
 Tooke Henry hence, to Hue aboue with her, 
 She bade lane's Bird returne from 's quicke convoy 
 Of his faire soule, left in Heav'ns lasting loy." 
 
 Seth, too, appears to be King James himself, eulogized 
 and glorified. The Mirrovr, Embleme I, celebrates the 
 sovereign as REX ET SACERDOS DEI, King and Priest of 
 God, and thus sounds his praise : 
 
 " Earth can but make a King of earth partaker 
 But Knowledge makes him neerest like his maker. 
 For man's meere power not built on Wisdomes fort, 
 Dos rather pluck downe kingdomes than support 
 Perfectly mixt, thus Power and Knowledge moue 
 About thy just designes, ensphear'd with loue ; 
 Which (as a glasse) serue neighbour-Kings to see 
 How best to follow, though not equall thee." 
 
 The Elegy speaks of the work of Nature, and assures 
 us, 
 
 " She made our world, then us ; she made his head ; 
 Our sense and motion from his brain were bred : 
 And as two great destructions have and must 
 Deface and bring to nothing that of dust, 
 So our true world, this princes head and brain, 
 A wasteful deluge did and fires sustain. 
 But as foresight of two such wastes made Seth 
 Erect two columns t' outlive that world's death, 
 Against that flood and fire, of brick and stone, 
 In which he did by his provision 
 Preserve from barbarism and ignorance 
 Th' ensuing ages, and did re-advance 
 All Sciences, which he engraved there, 
 So by our'Seth's provision have we here 
 Two pillars left : where whatsoe'er we prized 
 In our lost world is well characterized. 
 The list'ning to this sovereign harmony 
 Tames my grief's rage. That now as Elegy 
 Made at the first for mourning, hath been since 
 Employ'd on love, joy, and magnificence ; 
 So this particular elegy shall close 
 (Meant for my grief for him), with joy for those. 
 
 " SIR II G."
 
 MIRRO VR-A UTHORSHIP. 95 
 
 The first trace I have found of the initials H. G* is at 
 the end of a sonnet in Michaell Drayton's Tragicall legend 
 of Robert duke of Normandy, siir named Short-thigh^ with 
 the Legend of Matilda the chast. And the Legend of Piers 
 Gaveston. London 1596 16- 
 
 " The vision of Matilda 
 Methought I saw upon Matildas Tombe, 
 
 Her wofull ghost, which Fame did now awake, 
 And cr 'd her passage fro Earth's hollow Wombe, 
 To view this Legend, written for her sake : 
 
 No sooner shee her Sacred Name had scene. 
 Whom her kind friend had chose to grace his story, 
 But wiping her chast teares from her sad eyne, 
 She seem'd to tryumph, in her double glory. 
 
 Glory shee might, that his admired Muse, 
 Had with such method fram'd her just complaint : 
 But proud she was, that reason made him chuse, 
 To patronize the same to such a Saint : 
 
 In whom her rarest Vertues may be shown 
 
 Though Poets skil shold faile to make the known. 
 
 "H. G. ESQUIRE." 
 
 In a description on Latin rhymes by Ralph Calphut 
 (Thomas Cariat), of Brasenose College, Oxford, of " a 
 philosophical feast" there, Sep. 2, 1611, among the guests 
 named as present are Sir Henry Goodere, John West, 
 Hugh Holland, and Inigo Jones."* 
 
 Among his other works, the device to which was a duck, 
 with the motto Non altnm peto, Drayton's Odes, with other 
 Lyrick Poesies, were published in folio in 1619, the year 
 after the Mirrovr of Maiestie. The Odes bear this dedi- 
 cation, pp. 277-8 : 
 
 " To THE WORTHY KNIGHT AND MY NOBLE FRIEND, 
 SIR HENRY GOODERE, a Gentleman of his Maiesties 
 Prime Chamber." 
 
 " THESE Lyrick Pieces, short, and few, 
 Most worthy Sir, I send to you, 
 
 To reade them, be not wearie : 
 They may become JOHN HEWES his Lyre, 
 Which oft at Fowls-worth by the fire 
 Hath made vs grauely merry. 
 
 * See Mrs. Everett Green's Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 
 1611 1618.
 
 96 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS. 
 
 " Belieue it, he must have the Trick 
 Of Ryming, with Inuention quick, 
 
 That should due Lyricks well : 
 But how I haue done in this kind, 
 Though in my selfe I cannot find, 
 
 Your Judgement best can tell. 
 
 ' ' Th' old British BARDS, vpon their Harpes, 
 For falling Flatts, and rising Sharpes, 
 
 That curiously were strung ; 
 To stirre their Youth to Warlike Rage, 
 Or their wyld Furie to asswage, 
 
 In these loose Numbers sung. 
 
 " No more I for Fooles Censures passe, 
 Then for the braying of an Asse, 
 
 Nor once mine Eare will lend them : 
 If you but please to take in gree 
 These Odes, sufficient 'tis to mee : 
 Your liking can commend them. 
 "Yours 
 
 "Mien. DRAYTON." 
 
 Out of these materials, I believe, we are not able to 
 construct absolute conviction. But whether Sir Henry 
 Goodere be the author or not, certain it is that the initials 
 H. G. were attached to the original Mirrovr of Maiestie 
 in 1618; and now, in 1870, this introductory notice of a 
 fac-simile reprint is signed with the same monogram. The 
 metempsychoses Tor 250 years, through at least seven genera- 
 tions, from the author to the editor, I leave to be explained 
 by some one who, like Joseph Glanvill, an early defender 
 of the Royal Society of England, affirms, 
 
 " The sages of old live again in us." " We are our 
 re-animated ancestours, and antedate their resurrection." 
 
 H. G.
 
 II. 
 
 ANNOTATIONS ON THE ARMORIAL 
 BEARINGS AND NOBLE PERSONAGES. 
 
 [jERALDRY, in its expressive symbolism embo- 
 dying a wide range of thought in the visible 
 form of a simple image, speaks the same lan- 
 
 guage as Emblems possessing many features 
 
 in common and oftentimes so closely interwoven as scarcely 
 to be distinguishable, it ought rather to be considered as a 
 branch of the same subject than a distinct science. Each 
 speaks laconically to the mind through the eye, by the 
 agency of figurative imagery conveying distinctive ideas, 
 and both seem to have had their origin in that love of 
 symbolical expression which in the rudest conditions of 
 barbarism not less than in the most advanced stages of 
 civilization has been one of the component elements of the 
 human mind. 
 
 The two extremes of the human family seem almost to 
 stand side by side in their adoption of this heraldic sym- 
 bolism ; indeed nature had hardly imparted to man the 
 instinct of self-preservation when he found it necessary to 
 impress some device or cognizance upon his own tribe, that 
 he might distinguish it from those which were inimical to 
 him. Our knowledge of the habits of barbarous nations 
 leads to the conclusion that in the most primitive stages 
 of society the chiefs of different tribes, in the ignorance of 
 written language, adopted some such emblematic devices as 
 would convey in the simplest manner an idea of their pre- 
 dominant qualities or peculiar characteristics. Symbolical 
 figures are known to have been emblazoned upon the 
 
 F
 
 98 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 standards of the Egyptians and Assyrians. Diodorus 
 Siculus affirms that the former nation was the first to 
 adopt these military ensigns, and that the animals borne 
 thereon afterwards came to be worshipped as deities. Of 
 their early use there can be no doubt, for several Rab- 
 binical writers assert that their history affords abundant 
 proof that such distinctive devices were in use among the 
 Egyptians previous to the departure of the Israelites from 
 their land. That the Israelites themselves had their dis- 
 tinctive blazonry, we have the testimony of Holy Writ: 
 " Every man of the children of Israel shall pitch by his own 
 standard, with the ensign of their father's house : far off 
 about the tabernacle of the congregation shall they pitch";* 
 and we might also notice the arguments that have been 
 advanced to prove that the same semi-mystic symbolism 
 prevailed among the nations springing from the Scythians, 
 the Medes and Persians, and others. 
 
 Nearly five hundred years before the Christian era, the 
 Greek tragedian ^Eschylus described with minute exact- 
 ness the heraldic insignia of the chieftains who united their 
 forces for the siege of Thebes before the Trojan war. In 
 Europe, a personal symbolism may be traced almost from 
 the first dawn of historical tradition, and there is abundant 
 evidence to show that a similar usage prevailed among the 
 races that peopled the valley of the Nile. The uncivilized 
 tribes inhabiting the Far West possess a faint glimmering 
 of the science, and the same expressive symbolism is found 
 among the aboriginal chiefs of Australia. The owl was 
 the distinctive cognizance of the Athenians, as the eagle 
 was of the polished subjects of the Caesars ; and in like 
 manner the wolf's head was the crest of Argos, and the 
 tortoise of the Peloponnesus, whilst the winged dragon has 
 ever presided over the heraldry of the Chinese. 
 
 The shield, as the most important piece of defensive 
 armour, by the aid of the limner became also the medium 
 of recognition among friends ; and hence it was almost inva- 
 riably embellished with some distinctive personal cogni- 
 zance supposed to typify the peculiar characteristics of the 
 
 * Numbers ii. ?.
 
 HERALDRY. 99 
 
 owner, or to illustrate some remarkable feat or martial 
 exploit in which he might have been engaged. It is 
 affirmed that armorial distinctions were first used by 
 Anubis and Macedo, sons of Osiris, under the emblems of 
 a wolf and a dog. Both the Greeks and Romans embla- 
 zoned their shields with such devices; and in the writings 
 of Livy we find how frequently individual soldiers received 
 a cognomen in commemoration of some notable incident 
 or heroic action ; and what more likely than that the cog- 
 nomen should suggest the personal cognizance. One 
 instance may be mentioned. A Gaul having challenged 
 to single combat any one of the Roman army, a tribune of 
 the soldiers, Marcus Valerius, demanded permission from 
 the consul to accept it. This having been granted, the 
 Roman volunteer advanced against his enemy and slew 
 him, when, to commemorate the circumstance of a raven 
 having lighted upon his helmet and attacked the face and 
 eyes of the Gaul as the conflict proceeded, the victorious 
 tribune assumed the additional name of Corvimts, and 
 bore a raven in the act of assault for crest upon his helmet, 
 which was afterwards continued by his successors. 
 
 Advancing imperceptibly in the train of civilization, 
 these personal signs and emblematic devices which from 
 the very earliest periods had almost universally prevailed, 
 assumed a distinct form and became subject to certain 
 laws, and thus gradually an organized system of Heraldry 
 arose, which had its full development in the Middle Ages, 
 when it constituted an hereditary mark of honour, " au- 
 thorized by sovereigns for distinguishing, differencing, and 
 illustrating persons, families, and communities." * 
 
 A kind of Heraldry distinct from the ordinary insignia 
 appears to have been in vogue before the regular adoption 
 of coat-armour, and to have continued in high favour 
 until the reign of Elizabeth, when it gradually fell into 
 disuse, with the other brilliant relics of the feudal system. 
 This was the badge or personal cognizance assumed by 
 families of rank or importance, and used principally for the 
 decoration of costume, military equipments, caparisons, and 
 
 * Nisbet.
 
 i oo A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 the liveries of armed followers and retainers. Shakspeare 
 adverts to the use of this mark of identity in the Second 
 Part of King Henry V. (Act v. scene I), where Clifford 
 concludes his threatening address to Warwick with the 
 words 
 
 " I am resolved to bear a greater storm 
 Than any thou canst conjure up to-day ; 
 And that I'll write upon thy burgonet, 
 Might I but know thee by thy household badge. " 
 
 The word " household " clearly denoting that the badge 
 was used to distinguish the retainers of the eminent 
 personage to whom it pertained. 
 
 In the review of the English Emblem-Books which pre- 
 ceded the Mirrovr of Maiestie, given in the earlier part of 
 this volume, reference is made to the badges adopted by the 
 sovereigns of England. Many of them are enumerated in 
 Burke's Encyclopedia of Heraldry, and a very complete 
 list will be found in the Rev. Charles Boutell's Heraldry 
 Historical and Popular, One of the earliest, and perhaps 
 the most famous of all, was the sprig of broom, Planta- 
 genista, the emblem of humility, borne by Geoffrey of 
 Anjou, and assumed by his descendants ; whence arose a 
 name immortal in English history the patronymic of the 
 royal race of the Plantagenets. A favourite badge of 
 Richard II. was the white hart couchant, an emblem 
 derived, no doubt, from that of his mother, Joan of Kent, 
 who bore a white hind couchant under a tree, gorged 
 and chained, or. Another renowned historical badge was 
 the falcon and the fetterlock, the cognizance of King 
 Edward IV., respecting the adoption of which the follow- 
 ing story is narrated by Dr. Barrington in his Lectures 
 on Heraldry (pp. 182-3): "Edmund of Langley, the 
 great-grandfather of Edward IV., bore for impress ' a 
 faulcon in a fetterlock,' implying that he was shut up 
 from all hope and possibility of the kingdom, when his 
 brother John of Gaunt began to aspire thereto. Where- 
 upon he asked, upon a time when he saw his sons viewing 
 his device set up in a window, what was Latin for a fet- 
 terlock ? Whereat, when the young gentlemen studied,
 
 HERALDRY. 101 
 
 the father said, 'Well, if you cannot tell me, I will tell 
 you Hie hcec hoc taceatis,' as advising them to be silent 
 and quiet, saying, 'Yet God knows what may come to pass 
 hereafter.' This his great-grandson (Edward IV.) repeated, 
 when he commanded that his younger son, Richard Duke 
 of York, should use this device, with the fetterlock opened" 
 
 The well-known feather badge has been the device of the 
 Princes of Wales from the time of Arthur, son of Henry VII. 
 The ostrich feathers were held in high esteem by the Black 
 Prince, who gave precise instructions for their display among 
 the armorial achievements to be placed above his tomb. 
 These compositions were to be twelve in number, six being 
 for war " de nos armez entiers quartettes" and the remainder 
 of ostrich feathers for peace, " et qe sur chacun escuchon 
 soit escript, cest assavier sur cellez de noz armez et sur les 
 ant res des plumes d'ostruce, Houmout" * The old tradition, 
 which affirms that this device was won at Crescy from the 
 blind king of Bohemia, who perished in the thick of the 
 fight, requires more positive corroboration before it can be 
 accepted as genuine history. The badge of the king of 
 Bohemia was a vulture, and there is certainly no evidence 
 to show that the Black Prince himself ever associated the 
 device with his early exploit at Crescy. The ostrich 
 feathers are first mentioned in 1369 on the plate of Philippa, 
 and were used by all the sons of Edward II., and of all 
 the kings until Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales, son of 
 Henry VI I., first ensigned the three feathers with a coronet, 
 since which they have been appropriated to the Princes of 
 Wales. 
 
 Shakspeare makes frequent allusion to the Cognizances 
 the sun-f- and the boar borne by the two brothers of 
 
 * It is worthy of note that the Black Prince's tomb in Canterbury Cathedral 
 presents a perplexing discrepancy from the letter of his will. The escutcheons 
 of arms are actually surmounted by labels inscribed tt koumout t " whilst those 
 with ostrich feathers have the motto " ich diene," not mentioned in the Prince's 
 injunctions. 
 
 f The "sun in splendour" was adopted as an heraldic cognizance by 
 Edward IV., in memory, as we are told, "of the three suns" which are said 
 to have appeared in the heavens when he gained the victory over the 
 Lancastrians at the battle of Mortimer's Cross.
 
 102 ANNOTATIONS. 
 
 the House of York, Edward IV. and Richard III.; as, for 
 instance : 
 
 " Now is the winter of our discontent 
 
 Made glorious summer by the sun of York. " 
 
 King Richard III., Act I. sc. i. 
 
 And 
 
 "To fly the boar before the boar pursues, 
 Were to incense the boar to follow us, 
 And make pursuit, where he did mean no chase. 
 Go, bid thy master rise and come to me ; 
 And we will both together to the Tower, 
 Where, he shall see, the boar will use us kindly." 
 
 King Richard III., Act III. sc. 2. 
 
 The last-named cognizance being also commemorated in 
 the whimsical jeu cT esprit which cost the author, William 
 Collingbourne, his life : 
 
 "The Rat, the Cat, and Lovel the dog, 
 Rule all England under a Hog." 
 
 The couplet having allusion to the names of the two royal 
 favourites, Ratcliffe and Catesby, to the crest of Lord 
 Lovel, which was a dog, and the boar, the cognizance of 
 Richard III. 
 
 Not less famous was the cognizance of the Nevilles : 
 
 "The rampant bear chained to the ragged staff," 
 
 which was borne both as a crest and badge, and is thus 
 referred to by Shakspeare in the Second Part of King 
 Henry VI. (Act v. sc. i), when York, after being charged 
 as a traitor by Lord Clifford, replies : 
 
 ' ' Look in a glass, and call thy image so ; 
 I am thy king, and thou a false-heart traitor, 
 Call hither to the stake my two brave bears, 
 That with the very shaking of their chains 
 They may astonish these fell-lurking curs : 
 Bid Salisbury and Warwick come to me. " 
 
 It was not until the long reign of Henry III. that 
 heraldic blazonry first assumed a systematic character and
 
 HERALDR V. 103 
 
 its hereditary use became established, arms having pre- 
 viously been assumed at will as military ensigns, and then 
 adopted as honourable distinctions. That great military 
 enterprise which leagued together the chivalry of Europe 
 the Crusades necessitated a more definite system of 
 military insignia than had previously been prevalent. 
 Each warrior of rank adopted some recognized device 
 or composition, which was displayed upon his knightly 
 pennon and banner, and emblazoned upon the shield 
 and the rich surcoat which he wore over his armour ; and 
 modifications of these devices would, of necessity, be 
 assigned to his followers ; and hence the names, coats of 
 arms and coat armour. In this way armorial bearings 
 took their rise, and also became subject to certain laws, 
 which protected the bearer in the exclusive use of them. 
 At this period the cross became a very common bearing 
 among the Crusaders,* and pilgrims afterwards adopted it 
 as their cognizance. 
 
 " A bloodie cross he bore, 
 The dear remembrance of his dying Lord, 
 
 For whose sweet sake that glorious badge he wore. 
 And dead, as living, ever Him adored : 
 Upon his shield the like was also scored." 
 
 In the Crusade confederacy, the practical utility of 
 heraldry was felt and appreciated ; its popularity increased 
 during the fierce social struggle of the Roses, and its 
 reputation was maintained until the accession of the 
 Tudors, when its decline may be said to have begun, along 
 with that social system in which it had its origin. 
 
 Though in ancient times arms were voluntarily assumed, 
 they were also frequently granted by the sovereign as 
 honourable distinctions to those who were of " gentle " 
 descent or had signalized themselves in tournament or 
 battle ; and hence they became the avowed marks of 
 honour, gentility, and family distinction : an eager desire 
 for their possession was manifested by all who had interest 
 
 * Mackenzie says that in the Crusades, the English carried a cross, or ; 
 the Scotch, a St. Andrew's cross ; the French, a cross, argent ; the Germans, 
 sable ; the Italians, azure ; and the Spaniards, gules.
 
 1 04 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 in the soil, whether they had served in any military capacity 
 or not, and great pride was taken in their display. 
 
 " Although arms," says an heraldic writer, " were, in their 
 first acceptation, taken up at any gentleman's pleasure, 
 yet hath that liberty for many ages been deny'd, and they, 
 by regal authority, made the rewards and ensigns of merit, 
 or the gracious favours of princes ; no one being, by the 
 law of gentility in England, allowed the bearing thereof 
 but those that either have them by descent or grant. 
 Therefore Henry V., by proclamation, did inhibit thus : 
 ' Quod nullus cujuscunquc status, gradus seu conditionis 
 fuerit, hujusmodi anna sive tunicas armorum in se sumat, 
 nisi ipse jure antecessorio vel ex donatione alicujus ad hoc 
 sufficientem potestatem liabentis, ca possideat aut possidere 
 debeat, et quod ipse arma sive tunicas illas ex cujus dono 
 obtinct, demonstrationis suce personis ad hoc per nos assignatis 
 seu assignandis manifeste demonstret, exceptis illis quc nobis- 
 cum apud bellwn de Agincourt arma portabant' " &c. And 
 the great legal luminary, the Lord Chief Justice Coke, 
 affirmed that every gentleman must be " arma gerens" and 
 that the best test of gentle blood is the bearing of arms. 
 
 That being so, it was natural that a work like the one 
 now reproduced, which, not by speech or outward ex- 
 pression, but through the agency of an ideal symbolism, 
 professed to shadow forth the distinguishing qualities and 
 personal virtues of the illustrious individuals represented, 
 should also give those avowed and recognized evidences of 
 hereditary rank and honourable distinction embodied in 
 their heraldic insignia, and thus extend and intensify its 
 own poetic imagery by means of accumulative association. 
 
 Having sketched thus hastily the rise and progress of 
 Heraldic blazonry under its variously modified forms, we 
 proceed to notice briefly the several " Noble Personages 
 rancked in the Catalogue," "vnto whom the worke is 
 appropriated." 
 
 J. C.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 105 
 
 THE KING, pp. 13. 
 
 ARMS. Quarterly : 1st and 4th Grand Quarters, Quar- 
 terly, ist and 4th, az.* three fleurs-de-lys, two and one, or, 
 for France Modern ;-f* 2nd and 3rd, gu., three lions passant 
 guardant, in pale, or, for England. 2nd Grand Quarter, or, 
 a lion rampant, gu., within a double tressure, fleurie counter 
 fleurie, for Scotland. 3rd Grand Quarter, as., a harp, or, 
 stringed, az., for Ireland. The shield encircled by a garter 
 inscribed with the motto of the order, Honi soit qui mal y 
 pense, and ensigned with a crown and the initials I.R. 
 
 James the First of England and the Sixth of Scotland was 
 the only son of Mary Queen of Scots, by Henry Stuart, Lord 
 Darnley, and great-grandson of Margaret, elder daughter 
 of Henry VII. of England. He was born at Edinburgh 
 Castle, June 19, 1566, and baptized according to the rites 
 of the Catholic Church in Stirling Castle, by the names 
 of Charles James, December i/th following; his sponsors 
 being Charles IX. of France, Philibert Duke of Savoy, 
 and Elizabeth of England, the latter sending as a gift to 
 her godson a golden font valued at three thousand crowns. 
 
 On the death of Elizabeth, March 24, 1603, James suc- 
 ceeded as direct heir to the crown of England, although 
 expressly excluded by the statutes in force, which vested 
 the legal right to the throne in Lord Seymour, eldest son 
 of the Earl of Hereford, by Lady Katharine Grey (sister 
 of Lady Jane Grey), as heir of Mary, Duchess of Suffolk, 
 
 * In the Mirrovr, the arms are in every instance depicted in outline only, 
 without any indication of tincture, an omission it has been thought desirable 
 to supply. 
 
 f Charles V. of France, with a view apparently to distinguish between 
 his own arms and the fleurs-de-lys borne by the English claimants of his 
 crown, reduced the number of his fleurs-de-lys to three only. The same change 
 was effected by Heury IV. in the 1st and 4th Quarters of the Arms of England ; 
 and impressions of his Great Seal, taken in the years 1406 and 1409, exist, 
 which bear the quartered arms (on banners instead of shields) charged with 
 three fleurs-de-lys only. This modification of the French shield, which bears 
 three fleurs-de-lys only, is styled in Heraldry " France Modern"; and thus is 
 distinguished from the shield semee de lys, or, " France Ancient." BOUTELL. 
 
 G
 
 1 06 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 younger sister of Henry VIII. He was proclaimed at 
 Whitehall and Cheapside on the day following Elizabeth's 
 decease, the popular voice being undoubtedly raised in his 
 favour, in consequence of a natural opinion that he was 
 the lawful heir, though his hereditary pretensions were not 
 acknowledged and ratified by Parliament until March, 
 1604.* On receiving intelligence of Elizabeth's death, he 
 at once proceeded to London, and was crowned with his 
 queen, Anne of Denmark, at Westminster, July 25, 1603. 
 
 King James was seized with a tertian ague at Theobalds, 
 near Cheshunt, where he died on Sunday, the 2/th March, 
 1625, in the fifty-ninth year of his age, and after a reign 
 over England of twenty-two years, and was succeeded by 
 his only surviving son, Charles, Prince of Wales, his eldest 
 son, the Prince Henry, having pre-deceased him. 
 
 In the character of James there is little to command 
 respect or create esteem : weak, vain, and pedantic, he 
 lacked those nobler qualities which go to the making of a 
 great man or an illustrious king. As a sovereign his 
 character may be briefly summed up in the remark that 
 he reigned like a woman, after a woman who had reigned 
 like a man. 
 
 THE QVEENE, pp. 4, 5. 
 
 ARMS. On a lozenge, a cross gu., surmounted of 
 another arg. In the dexter canton, or, semee of hearts 
 ppr., three lions passant guardant, in pale, az., crowned or, 
 for Denmark ; in the sinister canton, gu., a lion rampant, 
 crowned or, holding in his paws a battle-axe arg., for Nor- 
 way ; in the dexter base quarter, az., three crowns ppr., for 
 Sweden ; and in the sinister base quarter, or, semee of 
 hearts,^., in chief a lion passant guardant az., for Jutland. 
 In the base of the lozenge, beneath the cross, the ancient 
 ensign of the Vandals, gtt$ a wyvern, its tail nowed and 
 wings expanded, or. Upon the centre of the cross, an 
 
 * i Jac. I. c. i.
 
 ARMS AMD PERSONAGES. 107 
 
 escutcheon of pretence charged with quarterly, first, or, 
 two lions passant guardant as., for Sleswick ; second, git., 
 an inescutcheon, having a nail in every point thereof, in 
 triangle, between as many holly-leaves, all ppr., for Hoi- 
 stein ; third, gu., a swan arg., beaked sa., gorged with a 
 coronet ppr., for Stormerk ; and fourth, az., a chevalier 
 armed at all points, brandishing his sword, his helm 
 plumed, his charger arg., the trappings or, for Ditzmers. 
 Over the whole on an inescutcheon az., a cross patee 
 fitchee or, for Dalmenhurst, impaling for Oldenburgh, or, 
 two bars gu. The whole ensigned with a crown.* 
 
 The lady by whom this complicated example of the 
 elaboration of heraldic details was borne Anne, princess 
 of Denmark, queen of James L, was the second daughter 
 of Frederick II., king of Denmark and Norway, by Sophia, 
 daughter of the duke of Mecklenburg. She was born at 
 Scanderburg, December 12, 1575, and educated as a 
 zealous Protestant of the Lutheran creed. Her father 
 was accounted one of the richest sovereigns in Europe ; 
 and, as a prudent prince, had accumulated large dowries 
 for his daughters, whose hands were sought by many of 
 the northern princes. Her marriage with James took 
 place by proxy at the Danish court, on the 2Oth of 
 August, 1589, she being then in her fourteenth year. The 
 king having learned that his bride would be unable to 
 reach Scotland until the following spring, resolved on a 
 journey to Norway, where her vessel had taken shelter, 
 in order to meet her. He embarked at Leith on the 
 iQth October, accompanied by four other vessels, and 
 landed at Slaikray, in Norway, whence he proceeded, 
 partly by land and partly by sea, to Upslo, where the 
 queen was staying, arriving there on the iQth November. 
 The marriage was celebrated on the Sunday following, 
 Mr. David Lyndsay, the king's own minister, performing 
 the nuptial ceremony in the French language. On the 
 
 * These arms are identical with those borne by Frederick II., father of the 
 Queen Consort, who was elected a Knight of the Garter in 1578, as appears 
 by the blazonry in his stall-plate, which is still preserved at Windsor.
 
 1 08 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 ist of May, 1590, the king and queen landed at Leith, and 
 thence proceeded to Edinburgh, where, on the i/th of the 
 same month, she was crowned in the abbey church of 
 Holyrood. As dower, James received with his bride the 
 islands of Orkney and Shetland, which had in the pre- 
 ceding century been pawned by Denmark to Scotland ; 
 and thus he completed the geographical wholeness of his 
 inheritance. 
 
 On his accession to the throne of England in 1603, 
 Anne became the first queen-consort of Great Britain, a 
 title which has been borne by the wives of our sovereigns 
 from that time to the present. Her death occurred at 
 Hampton Court on Tuesday, the 2nd March, 1619; and 
 on the following Tuesday her body was conveyed to 
 Denmark House, in the Strand, where it lay in state until 
 the 1 3th May, when it was buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 Her hearse, which remained standing over the place of 
 her interment the whole of the reign of James I., was 
 destroyed during the civil wars, with many a funeral 
 memento of more durable materials. In addition to her 
 eldest son, Henry Prince of Wales, who died in 1612, in 
 his eighteenth year, she had issue Robert, Margaret, and 
 Sophia, who died young ; Charles, afterwards Charles I., 
 and Elizabeth, married to Frederick V., duke of Bavaria, 
 Elector Palatine of the Rhine, and king of Bohemia, both 
 of them singularly unfortunate. 
 
 Many tributes in verse were offered to her memory, and 
 Camden has preserved two elegiac epitaphs, one of which 
 possesses some elegance of thought : 
 
 " March, with his winds, hath struck a cedar tall, 
 And weeping April mourns that cedar's fall ; 
 And May intends no flowers her month shall bring, 
 Since she must lose the flower of all the spring : 
 Thus March's winds hath caused April's showers, 
 And yet sad May must lose her flower of flowers." * 
 
 Another, written by King James himself, which contains 
 an allusion to the comet supposed to have foreboded the 
 queen's death, is very characteristic of the royal author : 
 
 * Camden's Remains, 397.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 109 
 
 " Then to invite the great God sent a star; 
 His nearest friend and kin good princes are, 
 Who, though they run their race of man and die, 
 Death serves but to refine their majesty. 
 So did my queen her court from hence remove, 
 And left the earth to be enthroned above ; 
 Then she is changed, not dead, no good prince dies, 
 But like the sun, doth only set to rise." * 
 
 THE PRINCE, pp. 6, 7. 
 
 In the plate assigned to Prince Charles we have the 
 ordinary feather badge of the princes of Wales, to which 
 allusion has already been made f A plume of ostrich 
 feathers, arg., quilled, or ; enfoiled with a prince's coronet 
 of the last, with an escroll, az., thereon the words Ich 
 Dicn. 
 
 The Prince Charles, son of James I. by his Queen Anne 
 of Denmark, was born at Dunfermline, in Scotland, 
 November 19, 1600 ; and after the death of his elder 
 brother, Prince Henry, in 1612, was created Prince of Wales 
 in i6i6.j Subsequently negotiations were entered into 
 with the Court at Madrid for a marriage with the prince 
 and the Infanta of Spain ; but these were conducted 
 in such a manner that five years elapsed without the 
 treaty being brought to any conclusion ; and in 1623 
 Charles, attended by the profligate minister Buckingham, 
 proceeded to Spain to conclude it in person. On his 
 way he visited Paris, where he saw for the first time 
 the Princess Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV. 
 of France, who was destined to exercise so great an 
 influence over him. Charles with his attendant reached 
 Madrid, and the articles were so far settled, that it was 
 expected the union would be celebrated in the same year ; 
 but through the influence of Buckingham the match was 
 eventually broken off, and an alliance was soon after con- 
 cluded with Henrietta Maria. 
 
 * Cole's MSS. f Vide a it It; p. 101. J Granger, ii. 237.
 
 1 1 o A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 On the death of King James in 1625, Charles ascended 
 the throne, and on Candlemas-day of the same year he 
 was crowned at Westminster. Before he had solemnized 
 the funeral of his father, his marriage with Henrietta 
 Maria of France was concluded; and on the 1st May, 
 1625, it was solemnized at Paris, the Duke de Chevreuse 
 acting as proxy ; after which the queen set out for her 
 husband's court, attended by Buckingham, and arrived 
 at Dover on the I3th June, where she was received by 
 Charles. 
 
 A record of the events which marked the troublesome 
 and unfortunate reign of Charles does n&t come within the 
 scope of these brief notes. The king had inherited from 
 his father inordinate notions of kingly power, and reso- 
 lutely shut his eyes to the fact that the influence of the 
 people had increased, and that he had to deal with an 
 entirely different state of public opinion. Persistent in his 
 determination to reign and govern by " divine right," he 
 refused to yield anything, and in the fierce struggle which 
 he provoked he fell. In December, 1648, the Commons 
 resolved that he should be tried on the charge of treason 
 in making war on his Parliament, and a special " High 
 Court of Justiciary," which had no authority in the English 
 constitution, was formed. Before this tribunal, which 
 assembled in Westminster Hall, Charles was brought. On 
 the 2/th January, 1649, sentence was pronounced against 
 him, and on the 3Oth he was beheaded in front of White- 
 hall, his last words to Bishop Juxon, who attended him, 
 being to charge the Prince Charles, his son, to forgive his 
 father's murderers. 
 
 Charles had issue by his queen, Henrietta Maria, Charles, 
 Prince of Wales, who succeeded as Charles II. ; James, 
 Duke of York, who succeeded his elder brother as James II. ; 
 Henry, Duke of Gloucester, who died unmarried in 1660; 
 and Mary, espoused to William II., Prince of Orange, by 
 whom she had an only son, William Henry, who ascended 
 the British throne as William III. ; and four other children.
 
 A RMS A ND PERSONA GES. 1 1 1 
 
 THE ARCH-BISHOP OF CANTERBVRY, pp. 8, 9. 
 
 ARMS. Az., an archiepiscopal staff, in pale, or, ensigned 
 with a cross pat^e arg., surmounted by a pall of the last, 
 fimbriated and fringed gold, and charged with four crosses 
 formees fitchees sa. : the arms of the See of Canterbury 
 impaling, gu., a chevron between three pears, pendent, 
 stalked, or, for Abbot.* 
 
 George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, whose arms 
 are above described, was born of humble parentage, his 
 father being a weaver and cloth-worker (or, according to 
 some accounts, a clock-maker) at Guildford, in Surrey, in 
 which town the prelate first saw the light in 1562^ He 
 received his early education in the Grammar-school of his 
 native place, and removed thence to Baliol College, Oxford. 
 Afterwards he became successively Master of University 
 College, Dean of Winchester, and Vice-Chancellor of Ox- 
 ford, and eventually he was raised to the See of Lichfield 
 and Coventry ; thence he was translated to London ; and, 
 lastly, he was selected to succeed Richard Bancroft as Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury ; installed at Lambeth on Tuesday, 
 April 9, 1611, and sworn a Privy Councillor at Greenwich 
 on the 23rd June following. 
 
 Archbishop Abbot was a firm Protestant and a zealous 
 and powerful leader of the Puritanical party, and as such 
 a determined opponent of Laud, whose policy he resisted 
 with uncompromising resolution. A stern moralist, he 
 had disapproved of the Book of Sports, and boldly for- 
 bade its being read in his church at Croydon ; and he 
 openly remonstrated against the articles of the proposed 
 Spanish marriage, which had given great offence to the 
 
 * The arms of the Archbishop may still be seen at Canterbury and at 
 (Juildford. 
 
 f The house in which Archbishop Abbot was born remained standing until 
 July, 1863.
 
 ri2 ANNOTATIONS. 
 
 Protestant feeling of England. At one time Abbot was 
 distinguished for his rigorous maintenance of the doctrines 
 of divine right and passive obedience ; but, after the acces- 
 sion of Charles I., whom he crowned at Westminster, his 
 views changed, and he became an equally resolute oppo- 
 nent of the despotic measures of the king, and peremp- 
 torily refused to license a sermon dedicated to his majesty, 
 in which the preacher, Dr. Sibthorpe, asserted that the 
 king was not himself bound to observe the laws of the 
 realm, but that his subjects were bound to obey him in 
 whatever might be his commands. 
 
 In 1623, being with a hunting party at the seat of Lord 
 Zouch, in Hampshire, he had the misfortune to shoot one 
 of his lordship's keepers, an act of casual homicide that 
 caused his retirement for a time, during which he re- 
 sided at his country residence near Croydon. He died at 
 Croydon in 1633, and was buried at Guildford, in which 
 town he had founded and liberally endowed a hospital 
 for poor men and women, and where his tomb still 
 remains. 
 
 Though lowly-born, the Abbot family contained the ele- 
 ments of greatness. Robert, the elder brother of the Arch- 
 bishop, became Bishop of Salisbury, and another brother 
 filled the office of Lord Mayor of London. Fuller speaks 
 of the three as " a happy ternion of brothers." " George " 
 he describes " as the more plausible preacher, Robert 
 the greatest scholar ; George the abler statesman, Robert 
 the deeper divine ; gravity," he adds, " did frown in George, 
 and smile in Robert." Clarendon, who has furnished us 
 with portraits of so many public men of the Stuart and 
 Commonwealth periods, describes the Archbishop as " of 
 morose manners and sour aspect." As Dean of West- 
 minster, " he was the second of eight divines to whom the 
 translation of the whole New Testament was committed " 
 by order of James I., there being fifty-four translators 
 nominated for the entire Bible now in use.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 113 
 
 THE LORD CHANCELLOR, pp. 10, 11. 
 
 ARMS. Gu., on a chief, arg., two mullets pierced, sa., 
 differenced by a crescent, as denoting the younger line. 
 
 Francis Bacon, Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans, 
 one of the greatest of English philosophers, was the 
 youngest son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the 
 Great Seal, by his wife, one of the daughters of Sir 
 Anthony Cooke, tutor to King Edward VI., and was 
 born at York House, in the Strand, January 22, 1561. 
 At twelve years of age he began his academical career at 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, and such was the progress he 
 made, that at sixteen he had become master of the whole 
 circle of liberal arts as then understood. On quitting the 
 university, he travelled over France, but returned to 
 England on the death of his father in 1579, after which 
 he studied the common law in Gray's Inn, and was called 
 to the bar at the age of twenty-one. In 1593 he entered 
 Parliament, and having written in favour of the union 
 of England and Scotland, he received the honour of 
 knighthood after the accession of James I., July 23, 
 1603. 
 
 Though he had a formidable rival in Sir Edward 
 Coke, Bacon rose rapidly into favour; in 1605 he was 
 appointed to the office of Solicitor-General, and on the 
 2$th October, 1613, he became Attorney-General. On 
 the 9th June, 1616, he was sworn of the Privy Council ; 
 on the /th March following, he was appointed Lord Keeper 
 of the Great Seal ; and on the death of Lord Chancellor 
 Ellesmere, a few days later, was named Lord Chancellor 
 of England. On Sunday, July 12, 1618, he was elevated 
 to the peerage by the title of Baron Verulam, and created 
 Viscount St. Albans January 27, 1627. ' 
 
 Bacon had now attained the vheigiit of his popularity, 
 and from this time may be dated the beginning of his 
 miserable fall. Complaints were made of his venality 
 
 H
 
 114 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 as a judge, and the House of Commons having im- 
 peached him as being guilty of corruption upon his 
 own confession, he was fined ^40,000, deprived of all 
 his offices, and committed to the Tower during the king's 
 pleasure. After a time he was set at liberty and the 
 greater part of the fine remitted, but he remained absent 
 from the court, and continued to live in retirement, 
 devoting his life to those philosophical studies which 
 he had never forgot or neglected, even in the midst 
 of honours or when burdened with the cares of state. 
 When only nineteen, he wrote a General View of tJie State 
 of Europe. His great works are the Novuin Organum and 
 the De Augmentis Scientiarum. The former, projected in 
 his youth, was prefaced by a series of sketches, revised 
 and rewritten, and finally published in 1620. The latter 
 appeared in 1603, and the English edition (Advancement 
 of Learning) in 1605. The Essays were first published in 
 1597, but large additions were subsequently made. Among 
 his other works are the Wisdom of the Ancients, History 
 of Henry VII., Felicities of Queen Elizabeth, &c. Addison 
 says that he had the sound, distinct, and comprehensive 
 knowledge of Aristotle, with all the beautiful light graces 
 of Cicero ; and Lord Orford, who calls him the prophet 
 of the arts which Newton was afterwards to reveal, pro- 
 nounces that his genius and his works must be universally 
 admired as long as science exists. 
 
 He died at the Earl of Arundel's, Highgate, April 9, 
 1626, and was buried in the chapel of St. Michael's 
 Church, St. Albans, where a monument was erected to 
 his memory by his indefatigable secretary Sir Thomas 
 Meauty. 
 
 Lord Bacon married, about the year 1605, Alice, 
 daughter and coheir of Benedict Barham, Esquire, Alder- 
 man of London, but never had any issue.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 115 
 
 THE LORD TREASVRER, pp. 12, 13. 
 
 ARMS. Gu., a bend between six cross crosslets, fitchee, 
 arg., differenced by a crescent, the mark of cadency of a 
 second son ; the shield encircled by a garter, inscribed 
 with the motto of the order, and ensigned with an earl's 
 coronet. 
 
 The coat, as above described, is the one known to 
 heralds as " Howard Ancient," being without the " Flodden 
 Augmentation," now borne by the noble house of Howard, 
 and which the Lord Treasurer was entitled to blazon ; 
 viz., upon the bend, an escutcheon, or, charged with a 
 demi-lion rampant, pierced through the mouth with an 
 arrow, within a double tressure flory, counter-flory, gu., 
 an augmentation of merit granted by Henry VIII. to 
 Thomas Howard, second Duke of Norfolk, and his pos- 
 terity, for his victory at Flodden Field, wherein King 
 James IV. of Scotland was slain, September 9, I5 I 3- 
 
 Thomas Lord Howard, Earl of Suffolk, and Lord High 
 Treasurer of England, was the eldest son by the second 
 marriage of the unfortunate Thomas, fourth Duke of Nor- 
 folk, " the most powerful and the most popular man in 
 England," but who, allured by ambition, formed or assented 
 to the ill-judged project for a matrimonial alliance with 
 Mary Queen of Scots, then the captive of the implacable 
 Elizabeth, with the hope of becoming eventually King- 
 Consort of England a scheme that cost him his life. He 
 was grandson of the famous Earl of Surrey, his mother 
 being Margaret, daughter and heir of Thomas, Lord 
 Audley of Walden. 
 
 Lord Howard inherited his mother's estates, and in 
 27 Elizabeth (1584) was restored in blood by Act of 
 Parliament. In early life he embraced the military 
 service, but afterwards abandoned it for the court, and 
 succeeded in a great measure in obtaining the favour of
 
 1 1 6 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 Elizabeth. In 1587 he was appointed Vice-Admiral of the 
 Fleet despatched to Cadiz, and the following year he was 
 associated with his kinsman, Lord Charles Howard of 
 Effingham, in the command of the fleet fitted out to 
 oppose the Spanish Armada ; and some years later, 
 October 24, 1597, he was summoned to Parliament as 
 Lord Howard of Walden. He was fortunate enough to 
 obtain the favour of King James I., by whom he was much 
 honoured. On the 3rd May, 1603, immediately after his 
 accession, James arrived at Theobalds, in Hertfordshire, 
 the residence of Secretary Cecil, and on the following day 
 Lord Thomas Howard was sworn a Privy Councillor, 
 along with his uncle, Lord Henry Howard, and other 
 noblemen. On the 7th of the same month his majesty 
 entered London, and was entertained at the Charter 
 House by Lord Howard for the space of four days. On 
 the 2 1st July following he was advanced to the earldom 
 of Suffolk, being the first earl of the king's creation, and 
 installed a Knight of the Garter; and about the same time 
 he was appointed Lord Chamberlain. To his vigilance 
 and sagacity while discharging the duties of this office, 
 the discovery of the " Gunpowder Plot " has been mainly 
 attributed, he having searched the vaults beneath the 
 house on the day before the meeting of Parliament, and 
 there discovered Fawkes preparing for the terrible enter- 
 prise. In 1613 the earl was elected Chancellor of the Uni- 
 versity of Cambridge, and on the I3th July in the following 
 year he was constituted Lord High Treasurer of England. 
 His countess having, unfortunately, gained too great an 
 ascendancy over him, used it in making him a party to her 
 extortions on those who had business to transact at the 
 Treasury ; charges of embezzlement were in consequence 
 brought against her husband, which resulted in his being 
 deprived of the office, July 19, 1618 ; a fine of 30,000 was 
 also inflicted, but which was reduced by the king to 7,000. 
 His death occurred 28th May, 1626. 
 
 The high and lucrative offices enjoyed by the earl afforded 
 him ample means for the display of magnificence. During 
 his lifetime he built the stately mansions of Audley End,
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 117 
 
 in Essex, and Charlton House, in Wiltshire ; the former at 
 a cost, as is stated, of ; 190,000. 
 
 The Earl of Suffolk was twice married, his first wife 
 being Mary, sister of Thomas Lord Dacre, of Gillesland, 
 who dying without issue, his lordship married, secondly, 
 Catharine, eldest daughter and coheir of Sir Henry 
 Knevet, knight, of Chalton, co. Wilts, and widow of the 
 Hon. Richard Rich, eldest son of Lord Rich, by whom he 
 had seven sons and three daughters. 
 
 THE LORD PRIVY SEALE, pp. 14, 15. 
 
 ARMS. Arg. on a fesse, France and England quarterly, 
 within a bordure componee arg. and az., encircled by a 
 garter inscribed with the motto of the order and ensigned 
 with the coronet of an earl. Charles Somerset, first 
 Earl of Worcester, bore as an abatement a baton sinister, 
 the mark of illegitimacy, across his quartered arms, 
 couped by the bordure, but his eldest son, Henry, the 
 second earl, removed the baton from his shield, and 
 charged Beaufort upon a fesse on a silver shield, as above 
 described ; thus retaining an abatement whilst rejecting 
 the baton. 
 
 Edward Somerset, only son of William, third Earl of 
 Worcester, by his wife Christian, daughter of Edward 
 Lord North, of Cathladge, and great-grandson of Charles, 
 the illegitimate son of Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, 
 succeeded as fourth earl on the death of his father, Feb- 
 ruary 22, 1 587. In 1 590 he was sent on a diplomatic mission 
 to James VI. of Scotland, to congratulate him upon his 
 marriage with the Princess Ann of Denmark, and also 
 to notify to him that he had been chosen one of the 
 Knights Companions of the Garter, along with the 
 King of France. On the 2 1st April, 1600, he was 
 appointed Master of the Horse to Queen Elizabeth. The 
 same office was conferred upon him after the accession 
 of King Ja mcs 05th January, 1604), with the payment
 
 ii8 ANNOTATIONS. 
 
 of one hundred marks per annum for life, and in the 
 following year he was named one of the Lords Com- 
 missioners for exercising the office of Earl-Marshal of 
 England. He resigned the office of Master of the Horse, 
 January I, 1615, and the following day was constituted 
 Lord Privy Seal, of which high office he had a renewed 
 grant, March 27, 161^, with an annual fee of ^1,500 during 
 his life. Three years later he was honoured with the 
 command of his sovereign to sit in the Court of Requests 
 with the masters there, the king, as it is recorded, 
 " deeming it unfit that so great a magistrate should 
 not have a seat of judicature." He married the Lady 
 Elizabeth,* one of the daughters of Francis, second Earl 
 of Huntingdon, by Katharine, his wife, daughter and 
 coheir of Henry Pole, Lord Montagu, and grand-daughter 
 of Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, which Margaret was 
 the daughter and sole heir of George Plantagenet, Duke 
 of Clarence, younger brother of Edward IV. He died at 
 his house in the Strand, March 3, 1627, and was buried at 
 Ragland. William, his eldest son, having pre-deceased 
 him, the honours devolved upon his second son, Henry 
 Somerset, who succeeded as fourth earl, and was advanced 
 to the dignity of Marquis of Worcester, November 2, 1642, 
 his eldest son, Edward, the second marquis, born in 1601, 
 being famed as the inventor of the steam-engine. 
 
 * The youngest sister of the Lady Elizabeth was the beautiful Lady 
 Mary Hastings, of whom the following circumstance is related : "John 
 Vassilivich, Grand Duke and Emperor of Russia, having a desire to marry an 
 English lady, was told of the Lady Mary Hastings, who, being of the blood 
 royal, he began to affect : whereupon, making his desire known to Queen 
 Elizabeth, who did well approve thereof, h^ sent over Theodore Pessemskoie, 
 a nobleman of great account, his ambassador, who, in the name of his master, 
 offered great advantages to the Queen in the event of the marriage. The 
 Queen hereupon caused the lady to be attended with divers ladies and young 
 noblemen, that so the ambassador might have a sight of her, which was 
 accomplished in York House Garden, near Charing Cross, London. There 
 was the envoy brought into her presence, and casting down his countenance, 
 fell prostrate before her ; then rising back, with his face still towards her (the 
 lady, with the rest, admiring at the strange salutation), he said, by his inter- 
 preter, ' it sufficed him to behold the angelic presence of her who, he hoped, 
 would be his master's spouse and empress.' " The marriage, however, did 
 not take place, and the lady died unmarried.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 119 
 
 THE LORD ADMIRALL, pp. 16, 17. 
 
 ARMS. Gn., a bend between six cross crosslets, fitchee, 
 arg., differenced by a mullet. The shield encircled by a 
 garter with the motto of the order inscribed thereon, and 
 ensigned with an earl's coronet. Excepting the mark of 
 cadency, these arms are identical with those of " The 
 Lord Treasvrer," described on page 115, being "Howard 
 Ancient," and omitting the " Flodden Augmentation " 
 already noticed. 
 
 Charles, second Lord Howard of Effingham, Lord High 
 Admiral of England, was the eldest son of William Lord 
 Howard, by his second wife, Margaret, daughter of Sir 
 Thomas Grammage, Knt, and grandson of Thomas, second 
 Duke of Norfolk, by whom the " Flodden Augmentation " 
 above alluded to was obtained. Lord Howard was born in 
 1536, and in early life assumed the profession of arms. In 
 1569 he distinguished himself in the suppression of the 
 rebellion headed by the earls of Northumberland and West- 
 moreland, which had for its object the liberation of the 
 Scottish queen and the re-establishment of the Roman 
 Catholic religion in England. On the death of his father, 
 January 21, 1573, he succeeded to the barony, and on 
 the 24th April in the following year was installed a 
 Knight of the Garter. On the 4th July he was made Lord 
 High Admiral of England, having previously held the 
 office of Lord Chamberlain, and in this capacity he ren- 
 dered great service to his country; he commanded the 
 fleet fitted out to oppose the Spanish Armada in 1588, 
 and, aided by the winds, succeeded in effecting the total 
 destruction of that powerful armament. In 1596 he was 
 joined with the Earl of Essex in the expedition against 
 Cadiz, and, as a reward for his services in destroying the 
 Spanish fleet there, was on the 23rd October created Earl 
 of Nottingham. In August, 1599, he was named Lieu- 
 tenant-General of England, and in the following year he
 
 1 20 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 suppressed the insurrection raised by Lord Essex, and 
 effected the capture of that rash and presumptuous noble- 
 man. He was present at the death of Queen Elizabeth, 
 and officiated as Lord High Steward of England at the 
 coronation of her successor, James I., during the early part 
 of whose reign he was employed upon several diplomatic 
 missions of importance. 
 
 The earl retired from public life in 1618, and died on the 
 I4th December, 1624, at the advanced age of eighty-four, 
 having throughout his long career retained, with unstained 
 honour, the esteem and confidence of his sovereign and his 
 countrymen. Fuller, in his quaint manner, thus speaks of 
 him : 
 
 "An hearty gentleman, and cordial to his sovereign, of a most proper 
 person, one reason why Queen Elizabeth (who, though she did not value a 
 jewel by, valued it the more for, a fair case) reflected so much on him. His 
 service in the 88th is notoriously known, when, at the first news of the Spanish 
 approach, he towed at a cable with his own hands, to draw out the harbour- 
 bound ships into the sea. I dare boldly say he drew more, though not by his 
 person, by his presence and example, than any ten in the place. True it is, 
 he was no deep seaman, (not to be expected from one of his extraction, ) but 
 had skill enough to know those who had more skill than himself and to follow 
 their instructions ; and would not starve the Queen's service by feeding his 
 own sturdy wilfulness, but was ruled by the experienced in sea matters, the 
 Queen having a navy of oak and an admiral of osier" 
 
 The " Lord Admirall " married, first, Catherine, daughter 
 of Henry Gary, Lord Hunsdon, by whom he had two sons 
 and three daughters ; and secondly, Margaret, daughter of 
 James Stewart, Earl of Murray, by whom he had two sons. 
 He was succeeded in the earldom by his second but eldest 
 surviving son, Charles Howard, who died without male 
 issue, in 1642, when the honours devolved upon his half- 
 brother. 
 
 THE DVKE OF LENOX, pp. 18, 19. 
 
 ARMS. Az., three fleurs-de-lys, or (France Modern), on 
 a bordure,^., semee de fermaux, or. The shield encircled 
 with garter inscribed with the motto of the order and 
 ensigned with a ducal coronet.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 121 
 
 Lodowick, son of Esme Stuart, Duke of Lenox in the 
 peerage of Scotland, and grandson of John Lord d'Au- 
 bignie, younger brother of Matthew Earl of Lenox, the 
 grandfather of King James, bore also the titles of Lord 
 Darnley, Tarbolton, and Methuen, and held the offices of 
 Lord Great Chamberlain, Admiral of Scotland, and Lord 
 Steward of the King's Household. On the accession of 
 James he was sworn of the Privy Council, and bore the 
 sword before that sovereign on his entry into London, 
 May 7, 1603. On the 2nd July in the same year he was 
 installed a Knight of the Garter, and afterwards (October 6, 
 4th James I.) advanced to the dignity of a baron of the 
 realm by the title of Lord Settrington of Settrington, in 
 the county of York, and on the same day created Earl of 
 Richmond. In 1613, on the marriage of the Princess 
 Elizabeth with Frederick, the Elector Palatine, he was 
 appointed one of the commissioners to accompany the 
 Elector on his return with his bride to the Castle of 
 Heidelberg, and on the i/th May, 2ist James I., he was 
 created Earl of Newcastle-upon-Tyne * and Duke of 
 Richmond. He died suddenly at his lodging at White- 
 hall, Monday, February 16, 1623, as he was preparing to 
 go to Parliament then sitting; and on the iQth April his 
 body was removed with all magnificence from Ely House, 
 in Holborn, to Westminster, and there interred in Henry 
 the Seventh's Chapel, in which a stately tomb has been 
 erected to his memory. The Duke of Lenox married 
 (first), Sophia, daughter of William Earl of Ruthven, and 
 
 sister to the Earl of Gowrie ; (secondly), sister of Sir 
 
 Hugh Campbell and widow of Robert Montgomerie of 
 Eglintoun ; and (thirdly), Frances, daughter of Thomas 
 Howard, Viscount Bindon, and widow of Edward Earl 
 of Hertford, but left no issue by any ; whereupon his 
 younger brother, Esme Stuart, Lord D'Aubigne, Baron 
 Clifton, of Leighton-Bromswold, in Lincolnshire, and Earl 
 of March, became heir. 
 
 * Beatson, in his Political Index, says he was created Earl of Newcastle- 
 on-Tyne 2nd James, 1604. 
 
 I
 
 122 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 THE MAROVESSE OF BVCKINGHAM, pp. 20, 21. 
 
 ARMS. A rg. y on a cross, gu., five escallops or, a martlet 
 of the second. 
 
 George Villiers, Marquess of Buckingham, the unworthy 
 favourite of James and his son Charles I., was the 
 eldest son by the second marriage of Sir George Villiers, 
 Knight, the representative of an ancient family in Leicester- 
 shire, and was born August 28, 1592. He completed his 
 education in France, and returning to England from his 
 travels when about twenty-one, was introduced to the 
 court of King James, where his natural accomplishments, 
 his easy and graceful demeanour, and attractive presence, 
 soon gained for him the favour of the king, over whom he 
 eventually acquired entire dominion. In the first week of 
 January, 1616, he was appointed Master of the Horse; on the 
 7th July in the same year he was installed a Knight of the 
 Garter ; and on Tuesday, the 2/th August following, was 
 created Viscount Villiers and Baron of Whaddon. On Sunday, 
 the 5th January, in the succeeding year, he was elevated 
 to the Earldom of Buckingham, on the 4th February he 
 was sworn a Privy Councillor, and on New Year's day in 
 the following year advanced to the dignity of Marquess 
 of Buckingham. On the i8th May, 1623, the King created 
 him Earl of Coventry and Duke of Buckingham, and he 
 was afterwards made Chancellor of the University of 
 Cambridge. He rapidly rose to the highest offices of 
 the state, was made Chief Justice in Eyre, Warden of the 
 Cinque Ports, Master of the King's Bench, Steward of 
 Westminster, Constable of Windsor, and Lord High 
 Admiral of England. The history of the court at this 
 period is simply that of Buckingham : he became the 
 dispenser of all favours and honours, and conducted 
 himself with so much pride and arrogance as to excite 
 popular hatred and disgust. He introduced all his kindred 
 to the court, had them quartered at Whitehall, and made
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 123 
 
 their fortunes by places, pensions, and marriages. In 
 1623 he accompanied Prince Charles on his romantic 
 mission to Spain ; but receiving some slight from the 
 court at Madrid, he resolved to break off the match 
 with the Infanta, which resulted eventually in a war with 
 Spain. After the death of James, Buckingham continued 
 the favourite minister of Charles I., who surrendered him- 
 self to his pernicious counsels. In 1627, through his insti- 
 gation, war was declared against France, and in June of 
 that year a fleet was sent out, of which he took the 
 command ; but his measures were so ill-concerted, that he 
 lost two-thirds of his forces. He had now entirely lost 
 the confidence of the Commons, who prayed the king 
 to dismiss him, declaring that his inglorious expedition 
 had tarnished the honour of the nation, annihilated its 
 commerce, and greatly diminished its navy. He returned 
 to Portsmouth to refit his shattered armament, but before 
 he could again set sail, he was assassinated by John 
 Felton, an Irishman of good family, who had served 
 under him as lieutenant, and instantly expired, August 23, 
 1638, to the great grief of the king, who mourned the loss 
 of his favourite, and the scarcely concealed satisfaction 
 of the nation, which rejoiced at the deliverance it had 
 experienced. 
 
 By his wife Catharine, daughter of Francis, sixth Earl 
 of Rutland, who, surviving him, afterwards married Ran- 
 dolph Macdonald, Earl and Marquess of Antrim, he had 
 four children : Charles, who died an infant ; George, the 
 witty duke, who succeeded him ; Francis, who fell in the 
 civil wars ; and Mary, afterwards Duchess of Richmond.
 
 1 24 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 THE LORD CHAMBERLINE, pp. 22, 23. 
 
 ARMS. Per pale az. and gu., three lions rampant, two 
 and one, arg. ; the shield encircled with a garter, inscribed 
 with the motto of the order, and ensigned with the coronet 
 of an earl. 
 
 William Herbert, third Earl of Pembroke, was the eldest 
 son of Henry Herbert, the second earl, by his third wife, 
 Mary,* daughter of Sir Henry Sidney, of Penshurst, in 
 Kent, and sister of Sir Philip Sidney, styled the " Incom- 
 parable," whose " learning, beauty, chivalry, and grace 
 shed a lustre on the most glorious reign recorded in the 
 English annals." William Herbert was born at Wilton 
 House, the family seat, April 8, J 580, and received his educa- 
 tion at New College, Oxford. On the 2nd July, 1603, he was 
 installed a Knight of the Garter ; in 1615 he was appointed 
 to succeed Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, who had been 
 convicted of the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, in the 
 office of Lord Chamberlain of the Household ; and on the 
 23rd December of the same year he was sworn a Privy 
 Councillor. He took a prominent part in public affairs ; 
 and when, on the occasion of Buckingham's impeachment 
 in the Parliament of Charles I., Sir John Eliot and Sir 
 Dudley Digges were committed to the Tower, he headed 
 
 * The Lady Mary Sidney was celebrated for her beauty, intelligence, and 
 goodness. She was the author of several religious works and poetical pieces, 
 and translated from the French the Discourse of Life and Death, by Philippe 
 de Momay. To her, "a principal ornament to the family of the Sidneis," 
 Sir Philip Sidney dedicated the celebrated romance of "Arcadia," which he 
 wrote for her pleasure. She lived to an advanced age, and died, after a 
 widowhood of twenty years, at her house in Aldersgate Street, London, 
 September 25, 1621. To her memory Ben Jonson wrote the inscription in 
 the cathedral of Salisbury so much admired : 
 
 " Underneath this marble hearse 
 Lies the subject of all verse 
 Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother. 
 Death ! ere thou hast slain another, 
 Fair and wise and good as she, 
 Time shall throw a dart at thee. "
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 125 
 
 the opposition in the House of Lords, at the time holding 
 four proxies, and in the previous Parliament ten, an accu- 
 mulation of suffrages in one person that led to an order of 
 the House, which is now its established regulation, that no 
 peer can hold more than two proxies.* He died April 10, 
 1630, and was succeeded by his brother Philip Herbert, 
 Earl of Montgomery, having no surviving issue by 
 his countess Mary, eldest daughter of Gilbert Earl of 
 Shrewsbury. 
 
 The Earl of Pembroke was not less distinguished as a 
 writer than as a statesman ; he was an accomplished poet 
 and a great patron of learning. To him and his brother 
 " Philip, Earle of Mountgomerie," " the moste honorable 
 and woerthie brothers," " patrons of learning and cheualrie," 
 Otho van Veen, in 1608, dedicated his Armorum Em- 
 blcinata. 
 
 - In 1626 he was elected Chancellor of the University of 
 Oxford, of which, in his lifetime, he was a liberal benefactor, 
 and to which, at his death, he bequeathed a valuable col- 
 lection of manuscripts. 
 
 THE EARLE OF ARVNDELL, pp. 24, 25. 
 
 ARMS. Howard Ancient ://., a bend between six crosses 
 crosslet, fitchee, arg. ; the shield encircled with a garter 
 bearing the motto of the order, and ensigned with an earl's 
 coronet. 
 
 Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, the only son of Philip 
 Earl of Arundel, by Ann, daughter of Thomas, and sister 
 and coheir to George, Lord Dacre of Gillesland, was born 
 July 17, 1592. Earl Philip, a zealous Roman Catholic, 
 having been attainted, was committed to the Tower, and 
 died a prisoner there in 1595, his son being deprived by 
 the attainder of the honours and the greater part of the 
 estates of the family, though styled by courtesy, during 
 
 * Lords' Journals, p. 507.
 
 1 26 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 the remaining part of Elizabeth's reign, Lord Maltravers. 
 The accession of King James opened fairer prospects to 
 the Howard family, and in the first year of that king's reign 
 he was restored by Act of Parliament to the title of Earl 
 of Aruridel, and to all honours dependent upon it, though 
 not to all the possessions ; and also to the honour, dignity, 
 and state of Earl of Surrey, and to such dignity and baronies 
 as Thomas Duke of Norfolk, his grandfather, forfeited 
 through his attachment to the ill-fated mother of James, 
 Mary Queen of Scots. His health failing, he resolved to 
 travel, and in 1609 passed through France into Italy, re- 
 turning in 1611 on the I3th May, in which year he was 
 installed a Knight of the Garter. In 1613 he was appointed 
 one of the embassy to accompany the Princess Elizabeth, 
 married to the Elector Palatine, into Germany. Thence 
 he travelled again into Italy, where he cultivated a taste 
 for architecture, sculpture, and antiquities, and returned to 
 England in November, 1614 ; after which he was sworn 
 of the Privy Council, named one of the six commissioners 
 of the office of Earl-Marshal, and in 1621 appointed here- 
 ditary Earl-Marshal of England, an office that is still held 
 by his descendants, the Dukes of Norfolk. Having about 
 this time given offence to Lord Spencer in the House of 
 Lords,* and refusing to give satisfaction when so enjoined, 
 he was committed to the Tower, and there kept a prisoner 
 until willing to make submission. Shortly after the acces- 
 sion of Charles I. he was again committed to the Tower, 
 the reason assigned being that his heir, the Lord Mal- 
 travers, had married the Lady Elizabeth Stuart, eldest 
 daughter of Esme, Duke of Lenox, without the king's 
 knowledge and consent. His release was effected through 
 the instrumentality of Dr. Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, and 
 he was shortly afterwards again admitted to court, where 
 
 * The Lord Spencer of Wormleighton, in addressing the House, having 
 made allusion to some act committed by their great ancestors, which gave 
 umbrage to the earl, he said, "My lord, when these things you speak of 
 were doing, your ancestors were keeping sheep"; to which Lord Spencer 
 rejoined : " When my ancestors, as you say, were keeping sheep, your 
 ancestors were plotting treason."
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 127 
 
 he so far recovered the king's favour, that in 1631 he was 
 sent on a mission into Holland to condole with the Queen 
 of Bohemia on the death of her husband, and at the same 
 time appointed Ambassador to the States-General. In 
 1633 he was ordered to attend the king in his journey to 
 Scotland, and three years later was sent on a diplomatic 
 mission to the emperor Ferdinand III. In 1638 he was 
 appointed general of the army raised against the Scots ; 
 afterwards he was made Lord Steward of the King's 
 Household, and in 1640, upon the advance of the Scots 
 into England, was named General of the South of the 
 Trent. Upon the trial of the Earl of Strafford in 1641, 
 he sat as Lord High Steward .of England. Shortly 
 afterwards he resigned the office of Lord Steward of the 
 King's Household, and in September, 1641, he accom- 
 panied the queen-mother, who was constrained to leave 
 the country in consequence of the unhappy difficulties 
 arising between Charles and his Parliament, but he returned 
 shortly afterwards. In February of the following year 
 he left England for the last time, attending the Princess 
 of Orange into Holland. Thence he visited Antwerp, 
 afterwards he journeyed into France, and finally passed 
 into Italy, where he spent the remainder of his life. He 
 died at Padua, September 14, 1646, having some two years 
 before, June 6, 1644, been elevated to the Earldom of 
 Norfolk. 
 
 The Earl is described as of a stately presence and a 
 great master of order and ceremony, more learned in men 
 and manners than in books, yet understanding the Latin 
 tongue, as well as being master of the Italian. Walker 
 says, " he was in religion no bigot nor puritan ; and pro- 
 fessed most to affect moral virtues than nice questions 
 and controversies."* He was a great patron of the arts, 
 especially of sculpture and painting, and spent large sums 
 in the collection of such works, employing many persons in 
 Italy, Greece, and other parts of Europe where curiosities 
 could be obtained. At his death the unrivalled collection 
 
 * Sir Edward Walker's " Historical Discourses," ed. 1705.
 
 128 ANNOTATIONS. 
 
 of antiquities he had formed was divided, and in 1688, 
 Henry, sixth Duke of Norfolk, presented the University 
 of Oxford with a considerable portion of his moiety, 
 including the celebrated Parian Chronicle, which, with 
 other ancient inscribed stones accompanying it, are termed 
 the Arundelian Marbles. 
 
 Lord Arundel married, in 1606, the Lady Athelia 
 Talbot, third daughter, and eventually sole heir, of Gilbert 
 Earl of Shrewsbury, and was succeeded in the honours by 
 his second son, Henry Frederick, his eldest son, James 
 Lord Mowbray and Maltravers, having predeceased him. 
 
 THE EARLE OF SOVTH-HAMPTON, pp. 26, 27. 
 
 ARMS. Az., a cross or, between four hawks, closed, arg.* 
 encircled with a garter bearing the motto of the order, and 
 ensigned with the coronet of an earl. 
 
 Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of Southampton, only 
 son of Henry, the second earl, by Mary, daughter of 
 Anthony Viscount Montagu, and grandson of Thomas 
 Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor of England in the time of 
 Henry VIII., was born in 1573, and succeeded to the title 
 on the death of his father, 23 Elizabeth (1580-81). In 
 1596 he accompanied his friend, the Earl of Essex, in 
 the expedition against Spain, and contributed to the 
 capture of Cadiz. Afterwards he returned to Ireland, 
 and joining in the insurrection headed by Essex, he was 
 arraigned at Westminster, and with the earl, February 19, 
 1600, found guilty, and committed to the Tower, where - he 
 remained a close prisoner until the accession of James I., 
 when he obtained his release. On the 2nd July, 1603, he 
 was installed a Knight of the Garter, and on the 2ist of 
 the same month received a new patent for the title and 
 dignity of Earl of Southampton, with like rights and pri- 
 
 * This coat is almost identical with that of the College of Arms or Heralds' 
 College, London, derived from Wriothesley, one of the early Garters.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 129 
 
 vileges as he formerly enjoyed. In 1613 the earl enter- 
 tained King James; in March, 1616, he was one of the 
 noblemen appointed to attend the king with the queen and 
 Prince Charles in their journey from Whitehall to Edin- 
 burgh ; and on Friday, the 3Oth April, 1613, he was sworn 
 of the Privy Council. In 1624 he accompanied the expe- 
 dition to Holland to assist the Prince Maurice of Orange, 
 and died at Bergen-op-zoom in November of the same 
 year, having had issue by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of 
 John Vernon, of Hodnet, in the county of Salop, John, 
 who died in the Netherlands in the lifetime of his father ; 
 Thomas, who succeeded ; and three daughters, Penelope, 
 married to William Lord Spencer, of Wormleighton ; 
 Ann, married to Robert Wallop, of Farley, Esq. ; and 
 Elizabeth, married to Sir Thomas Estcourt, Knt, a Master 
 in Chancery. 
 
 The Earl of Southampton was scarcely less distinguished 
 as a patron of letters than for his political talent. He is 
 now chiefly remembered as the friend of Shakespeare, who 
 dedicated to him " the first heir of his invention," the 
 Venus and Adonis, and TJie Rape of Lticrece. 
 
 THE EARLE OF HERTFORD, pp. 28, 29. 
 
 ARMS. Or, on a pile,^., between six fleurs-de-lys, az., 
 three lions of England being the coat of augmentation 
 granted by King Henry VIII. on his marriage with Lady 
 Jane Seymour; the shield ensigned with an earl's coronet. 
 
 Edward Seymour, by whom these arms were borne, was 
 the eldest son, by the second marriage, of Edward Seymour, 
 Duke of Somerset, who as Protector grasped the sceptre 
 of unlimited authority, and swayed it with all the attri- 
 butes of royalty during the two years of the minority of 
 King Edward VI. His mother was Ann, daughter of Sir 
 Edward Stanhope, of Sudbury, in the county of Suffolk, 
 
 K
 
 130 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 Knt, by Elizabeth his wife, great-granddaughter of William 
 Bouchier, Earl of Ewe, in Normandy, by Ann his wife, 
 daughter and eventually sole heir of Thomas of Wood- 
 stock, Duke of Gloucester, youngest son of Edward III. 
 The Protector Somerset having been charged with treason- 
 able designs against the lives of some of the Privy Coun- 
 cillors, was brought to the block January 22, 1552. Being 
 attainted, the titles which, according to the special limita- 
 tion of the patents of creation, devolved upon the issue by 
 his second marriage, of course became forfeited, together 
 with lands of great annual value. Thus deprived of all his 
 titles and of the great part of his inheritance, the youthful 
 Edward Seymour continued in a disconsolate condition 
 until the first year of Queen Elizabeth, when, before her 
 coronation, that sovereign created him Baron Beauchamp 
 of Hacche and Earl of Hertford ; and, doubtless, he would 
 have been restored to the dukedom of Somerset, had he 
 not incurred the queen's displeasure by marrying the Lady 
 Catharine Grey, daughter and heir of Henry Duke of 
 Suffolk, the sister of the amiable and unfortunate Lady 
 Jane Grey, and the granddaughter maternally of Charles 
 Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by Mary, Queen Dowager of 
 France, sister of King Henry VIII. Upon the discovery 
 of her pregnancy in 1563, both were committed to the 
 Tower, where the countess died a prisoner in 1567, after 
 giving birth to two sons, Edward, who died in childhood, 
 and Edward Lord Beauchamp, who in the 6th James L, 
 1608-9, obtained letters patent for the enjoyment of the 
 title of Earl of Hertford. The earl was detained a prisoner 
 in the Tower for nine years, and fined by the Star Chamber 
 ; 1 5,000 for having vitiated a maid of the royal blood. 
 The validity of his marriage with the Lady Catharine Grey 
 was afterwards tried and established at common law. 
 After his enlargement, the earl only once acted in a public 
 capacity, the occasion being in 1605, when, on the iQth 
 April, he was sent as ambassador to the Archduke of 
 Austria, to ratify and conclude a peace, the preliminaries 
 of which had been previously settled, and in which mission 
 he was accompanied by two barons, sixteen knights, and
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 131 
 
 many gentlemen of quality, his retinue numbering three 
 hundred persons, most of them being his own servants, in 
 very rich liveries. The earl, who lived to an advanced age, 
 died in 1621, and was succeeded by his grandson, Sir William 
 Seymour, second son of Edward Lord Beauchamp. 
 
 THE EARLE OF ESSEX, pp. 30, 31. 
 
 ARMS. Arg., a fesse, gu., in chief three torteaux, the 
 shield ensigned with an earl's coronet. 
 
 Robert, third Earl of Essex, was the only son of Robert 
 Devereux, second earl, the distinguished but unfortunate 
 favourite of Queen Elizabeth, by Frances, daughter and 
 heir of Sir Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth's Secretary of 
 State, and the widow of the gallant, the amiable, and 
 accomplished Sir Philip Sidney. He was born in 1592, 
 entered at Merton College, Oxford, in his tenth year, and 
 restored to the family honours by James I. in 1603, two 
 years after his father's decapitation. In 1620 he served 
 under Sir Horace Vere in the expedition sent to the 
 assistance of Frederick, the Elector Palatine ; afterwards 
 he was with Prince Maurice in Holland, and subsequently 
 held several military commands. As already stated (p. 91), 
 he was named among " the Illustrious & Heroyicall 
 Princes," to whose " Eternall Memorie " the twenty-four 
 leaves of Honour in its Perfection were, in 1624, dedicated. 
 In May, 1638, he was installed a Knight of the Garter, and 
 remained attached to the royal cause until the breaking 
 out of the civil war, when he joined the popular party, and 
 in July, 1642, accepted a general's commission, and a 
 command in the Parliamentary army. He defeated the 
 king's forces at Edge Hill, the first place in which the two 
 armies were put in array against each other, October 23, 
 1642 ; subsequently he took Reading, raised the siege of 
 Gloucester, and fought in the first battle of Newbury, but 
 in 1645 was deprived of his command by the "self-denying
 
 132 ANNOTATIONS. 
 
 ordinance," under which all members of Parliament were 
 excluded from civil and military employment. He died 
 at Essex House, in the Strand, a mansion bequeathed to 
 his father by Dudley Earl of Leicester, September 14, 
 1646, and was buried with national obsequies in West- 
 minster Abbey, the two Houses of Parliament attending 
 his funeral. 
 
 At the age of fourteen the earl was betrothed to the Lady 
 Frances, daughter of Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk ; but 
 from this lady, who afterwards became notorious as the 
 wife of Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, he obtained a divorce, 
 and married, secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William 
 Powlett, of Eddington, in Wiltshire, by whom he had an 
 only son, who died in infancy ; and hence the earldom of 
 Ewe and Essex expired, the barony of Ferrers fell into 
 abeyance, and the viscounty of Hereford devolved upon his 
 kinsman Sir Walter Devereux. 
 
 THE EARLE OF DORSET, pp. 32, 33. 
 
 ARMS. Quarterly or, and gu. ; over all, a bend, vair. ; 
 the shield ensigned with the coronet of an earl. 
 
 This representative of the ancient and very distinguished 
 family of Sackville, Richard, third Earl of Dorset, was the 
 second son (his elder brother, Thomas, having died un- 
 married in 1586) of Robert, the second earl, by Margaret, 
 daughter of Thomas Duke of Norfolk, beheaded in 1572, and 
 the grandson of Thomas Sackville, the famous Lord Buck- 
 hurst, and first Earl of Dorset,* who succeeded Burleigh 
 as Lord Treasurer of England, and died whilst sitting at 
 
 * Thomas, the first earl, was no less famous as a man of letters than as a 
 statesman. He is celebrated as the author of the earliest English tragedy in 
 blank verse, Gorbodtic, which has been praised by Sidney for its "notable 
 moralitie," and is believed to have given rise to the Faiiy Queen; he also 
 wrote The Induction to a Mirroitr for Magistrates, one of the noblest poems 
 in the language, and Tke Complaint of Henry Duke of Buckingham, &c.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 133 
 
 the council-table, April 19, 1608, at the age of eighty-two. 
 Richard Sackville, who was born in 1589, succeeded to the 
 earldom on the death of his father, who had enjoyed the 
 family honours only a few months, February 23, 1609, 
 being then twenty years of age ; and two days afterwards, 
 February 25th, married the Lady Ann Clifford,* sole 
 daughter and heir to George Earl of Cumberland, and 
 nearly related to the royal family of England by the mar- 
 riage of her grandfather with the niece of Henry VIII. 
 He rebuilt the chapel at Withiham, the burial-place of his 
 progenitors ; but, having wasted a large portion of his patri- 
 mony, he eventually parted with the stately mansion of 
 Knole,f which his grandfather, the Lord Treasurer, had 
 had bestowed upon him by his royal mistress. He died at 
 Dorset House, Fleet-street, London, on the 28th March, 
 1624, in the thirty-fifth year of his age, and was buried at 
 Withiham, having had issue Thomas, who died in infancy, 
 and two daughters, Margaret, married to John Earl of 
 Thanet, and Isabella, married to James Earl of North- 
 ampton. Having no surviving male issue, he was succeeded 
 in the title by his younger brother, Sir Edward Sackville. 
 
 * This celebrated lady, who married as her second husband Philip Herbert, 
 Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, possessed considerable literary ability, 
 but was chiefly distinguished by her high spirit, and a career of munifi- 
 cence, hospitality, and usefulness, that has thrown much veneration round 
 her memory. She restored the castles of Skipton, Brougham, Appleby, and 
 Pendragon, and was as diligent in repairing the churches as the fortified 
 mansions of her ancestors. After the death of her mother, whose memory 
 she greatly revered, she caused a pillar, bearing a suitable inscription, to be 
 erected on the road between Appleby and Penrith, the spot where they had 
 held their last interview : 
 
 "That modest stone which pious Pembroke rear'd, 
 Which still records beyond the pencil's power 
 The silent sorrow of a parting hour." Pleasures of Memory. 
 
 Her high spirit was characteristically displayed in the reply she gave to 
 \\illiamson, Secretary of State to Charles II., who wished to nominate a 
 member of Parliament for her borough of Appleby : " I have been bullied 
 by a usurper, I have been neglected by a court, but I will not be dictated to 
 by a subject : your man sha'n't stand." She died on the 22nd March, 1676, 
 in the eighty-eighth year of her age, and was buried, by her express desire, by 
 the side of her mother in the church of Appleby. 
 
 t The mansion, with the demesne of Knole, was repurchased by Richard, the 
 fifth Earl of Dorset, and it has ever since continued in this illustrious family.
 
 1 34 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 THE EARLE OF MOVNTGOMERY, pp. 34, 35. 
 
 ARMS. Per pale, as. and gu., three lions, rampant, arg., 
 differenced by a crescent, the mark of cadency of a second 
 son ; the shield encircled by a garter inscribed with the 
 motto of the order, and ensigned with an earl's coronet. 
 
 Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery, the " memorable 
 simpleton," as Walpole styles him, who dimmed the lustre 
 of an honoured name by his cowardice, arrogance, and 
 folly, was the younger brother of William, third Earl of 
 Pembroke, to whom, as Lord Chamberlain, reference has 
 already been made, and second son of Henry, the second 
 earl, by Mary, second daughter of Sir Henry Sidney, Knt. 
 On the 4th May, 1605, he was created by James I. Baron 
 Herbert of Shurland, in the Isle of Sheppy, and Earl of 
 Montgomery, and on the 2Oth May, 1608, was installed a 
 Knight of the Garter, being at the same time one of the 
 gentlemen of the chamber to the king. He held the office 
 of Lord Chamberlain of the Household to Charles I., and 
 became Chancellor of the University of Oxford, though 
 he was so illiterate that he could scarcely write his own 
 name.* On the death of his elder brother without sur- 
 viving issue, April 10, 1630, he succeeded to the earldom 
 of Pembroke, which had been conferred on his grand- 
 father, William Herbert, who married Ann, sister to 
 Queen Katherine Parr, the last wife of Henry VIII. 
 During his lifetime, Charles I. was a frequent visitor 
 at Wilton House, the stately residence of the Pembroke 
 family. Aubrey says the king " did love Wilton above 
 all places, and came there every summer. It was he 
 that did put Philip, first [fourth ?] Earle of Pembroke, 
 upon making the magnificent garden and grotto, and to 
 build that side of the house that fronts the garden, with 
 two stately pavilions at each end." He is described as a 
 nobleman profligate in his private habits and unprincipled 
 
 * At/ittiiE Oxon., vol. i. p. 546.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 135 
 
 in public life, but withal a patron of learning ; as already 
 stated, he was one of the two " moste honorable and 
 woerthie brothers," " patrons of learning and cheualrie," 
 to whom Otho van Veen dedicated his Amorvm Emble- 
 inata ; and to him and his brother, Earl William, " the most 
 noble and incomparable pair of brothers," Heminge and 
 Condell inscribed the first folio edition of Shakspeare's 
 plays. His death occurred January 23, 1650. 
 
 The Earl of Montgomery was twice married ; first, in 
 1604,* to Susan, youngest daughter and eventually coheir 
 to Edward Vere, Earl of Oxford, the courtier poet of Eliza- 
 beth's time, by whom he had issue Charles, who married 
 in 1634 the Lady Mary Viliiers, only daughter of George 
 Duke of Buckingham, but died in a few weeks afterwards 
 without cohabitation ; Philip, who succeeded as fifth Earl 
 of Pembroke ; William and John, who both died issueless ; 
 James, married to Jane, daughter of Sir Robert Spiller, 
 Knt, of Laleham, in Middlesex ; and a daughter, Ann- 
 Sophia, married to Robert Dormer, Earl of Carnarvon. 
 He married, secondly, the celebrated Lady Ann Clifford, 
 Duchess Dowager of Dorset, of whom mention has already 
 been made an union that caused that lady much sorrow 
 and anxiety but by her had no issue. 
 
 * The marriage was celebrated with great pomp at Whitehall, the king giving 
 away the bride. Sir Dudley Carleton, in a letter to Mr. Winwood, gives a 
 description of the entertainment, which is interesting as illustrating the manners 
 of the times : "There was," he says, "no small loss that night of chains and 
 jewels, and many great ladies were made shorter by the skirts, and were very 
 well served that they could keep cut no better. The presents of plate and 
 other things given by the noblemen were valued at ^2,500; but that which 
 made it a good marriage was a gift of the king's, of .500 land for the bride's 
 jointure. They were lodged in the Council Chamber, where the king, in his 
 shirt and nightgown, gave them a reveille-matin before they were up, and spent 
 a good time in or upon the bed : chuse which you will believe. No ceremony 
 was omitted of bridecakes, points, garters, and gloves, which have been ever 
 since the livery of the court ; and at night there was sewing into the sheet, 
 casting off the bride's left hose, and many other pretty sorceries." Win. 
 A fan., vol. ii. p. 43.
 
 136 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 THE LORD VISCOVNT LISLE, pp. 36, 37. 
 
 ARMS. Or, a pheon, az. The shield encircled by a 
 garter inscribed with the motto of the order and ensigned 
 with the coronet of a viscount. 
 
 Sir Robert Sidney, Baron Sidney of Penshurst, and 
 Viscount L'Isle, the representative of a family which con- 
 tributed in no small degree to make the reign of Elizabeth 
 the glory of all time, was the second son of Sir Henry 
 Sidney, of Penshurst, a learned and accomplished knight, 
 in whose arms the youthful King Edward VI. expired, 
 by Mary, daughter of "the great and miserable" John 
 Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, sister to Robert 
 Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and the younger brother of 
 Sir Philip Sidney, the eloquent poet, the able statesman 
 and noble soldier, the " darling of his time," the " chiefest 
 jewel of a crown," the " diamond of the court of Queen 
 Elizabeth." Sir Robert Sidney served under his uncle, 
 the Earl of Leicester, in the Netherlands, and in 1597-8, 
 being joined by Sir Frances Vere in the command of the 
 English auxiliaries sent against the Spaniards, he shared 
 in the honour of the victory gained at Turnhoult, in 
 Brabant. He held the office of Lord Chamberlain to 
 Queen Elizabeth, and on the accession of King James, was 
 constituted Governor of Flushing. On the I3th May, in 
 the first year of that king's reign, he was made a baron of 
 the realm by the title of Lord Sidney of Penshurst, in the 
 county of Kent, and on the 4th May, 1605, was created 
 Viscount L'Isle. In April, 1613, he was named one of 
 the principal commissioners to accompany the Princess 
 Elizabeth, then lately married, and her husband, Frederick, 
 the Elector Palatine, to Germany ; on the 7th July, 1616, 
 he was installed a Knight of the Garter, and on the 
 2nd August, 1618, was advanced to the dignity of Earl 
 of Leicester. He died July 13, 1626, and was buried at 
 Penshurst, having been twice married ; first to Barbara,
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 137 
 
 daughter and heir of John Gammage, Esq., by whom he 
 had three sons, Sir William, who died unmarried ; Henry, 
 who died young ; and Robert, his heir ; and secondly, 
 to the widow of Sir Thomas Smith, Knight. 
 
 His youngest and only surviving son, Robert Sidney, who 
 succeeded as second Earl of Leicester, was the father of 
 Algernon Sidney, whose name is scarcely less renowned 
 in history than that of his great uncle Sir Philip, and who, 
 through the iniquitous Jeffreys, was implicated in the 
 Rye-House Plot, and illegally put to death in 1683. 
 
 THE LORD VISCOVNT WALLINGFORD, 
 
 PP- 38, 39- 
 
 ARMS. Az., a cross recercele voided, semee of cross 
 crosslets, or ; the shield encircled by a garter inscribed 
 with the motto of the order, and ensigned with the 
 coronet of a viscount. 
 
 Sir William Knollys, Viscount Wallingford, the " noble 
 personage " to whom these arms belonged, was the second 
 but eldest surviving son of Sir Francis Knollys, K.G., 
 an eminent lawyer of Elizabeth's reign, descended from 
 the renowned Sir Robert Knollys, K.G., the gallant com- 
 panion in arms of Edward the Black Prince, his mother 
 being Catharine, daughter of William Gary, Esquire, by 
 Mary, sister of the unfortunate Queen Ann Boleyn. He 
 was born in 1 544, and shortly after the accession of King 
 James (Friday, May 20, 1603), was created a baron of the 
 realm by the title of Lord Knollys of Grays. 
 
 In the twelfth year of that king's reign he was made 
 Master of the Court of Wards, and subsequently installed 
 a Knight of the Garter; on the 7th November, 1616, he 
 was raised to the dignity of a viscount by the title of 
 Viscount Wallingford, and on the I4th of the same month 
 he was named Lord Treasurer of the King's Household. 
 After the death of James, Lord Wallingford continued in
 
 138 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 favour at court, and on the i8th August, 2 Charles I. 
 (1626), was elevated to the earldom of Banbury, with 
 precedence of all earls created before him. He died on 
 the 25th May, 1632, in the 88th year of his age, and was 
 buried at the church of Grays, in Oxfordshire. 
 
 The earl married, first, Dorothy, widow of Edmund 
 Lord Chandos, and sister of John Lord Bray, who bore 
 him no issue; and, secondly, January 19, 1605, Elizabeth, 
 eldest daughter of Thomas, first Earl of Suffolk, who 
 surviving him, became the wife of Edward, fourth Lord 
 Vaux of Harrowden. This lady had two sons born 
 during the lifetime of the earl ; viz., Edward, born 1627, 
 aged five years, one month, and fifteen days, at the earl's 
 decease, who was slain in a quarrel in France, leaving no 
 issue; and Nicholas, born January, 1630, who died I4th 
 March, 1673-4, having sat as Earl of Banbury in the 
 Convention Parliament ; though his claim to the family 
 honours was disputed on the ground of illegitimacy, the 
 belief being that he was a son of Lord Vaux, whom his 
 mother afterwards married, rather than of the Earl of 
 Banbury, who must have been eighty-four years of age at 
 the time of his birth. 
 
 THE BISHOP OF LONDON, pp. 40, 41. 
 
 ARMS. Gu., two swords, in saltire, arg., pommels or ; 
 the arms of the see of London, ensigned with a mitre. 
 
 John King, Bishop of London, an eminent preacher at 
 court in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I., was born 
 at Wornal, in Buckinghamshire, 1559. He received his 
 education at Westminster, and after completing his aca- 
 demical career at Christ Church, Oxford, was appointed 
 chaplain to Queen Elizabeth. In 1590 he was named 
 Archdeacon of Nottingham, and in 1605 preferred to the 
 deanery of Christ Church, and made Vice- Chancellor of 
 the University of Oxford. Afterwards he was .removed
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 139 
 
 to the see of London, and consecrated bishop on Sunday, 
 September 11, 1611. He is said to have been a great 
 master of his tongue and his pen. King James styled him 
 " the king of preachers," and Lord Chief Justice Coke de- 
 clared that " he was the best speaker in the Star Chamber 
 of his time." He died March 30, 1621, and was buried 
 under a plain stone in St. Paul's, on which was inscribed 
 only the word " Resurgani" It has been alleged that he 
 died in the communion of the Church of Rome, but the 
 calumny has been amply refuted. 
 
 Bishop King had _a son Henry, born at Wornal, 1591, 
 who became chaplain to James I., and in 1641 was conse- 
 crated Bishop of Chichester. Like his father, he was a 
 celebrated preacher, and wrote a metrical version of the 
 Book of Psalms, and was the author of several poems, 
 sermons, and letters. Another son of the Bishop of London 
 was John King, born in 1596, who was successively Orator 
 of Oxford University, Prebendary of St. Paul's, and Canon 
 of Windsor. 
 
 THE BISHOP OF WINCHESTER, pp. 42, 43. 
 
 ARMS. Gn., two keys, addorsed, in bend, the uppermost 
 arg. t the other or, a sword interposed between them, in 
 bend sinister, of the second, hilt and pommel gold ; the 
 arms of the see of Winchester impaling, arg., three lozenges 
 conjoined, in fesse, gu., within a bordure, sa., differenced 
 by an annulet, for Montagu ; the shield ensigned with a 
 bishop's mitre. 
 
 James Montagu, Bishop of Winchester, who bore the 
 armorial insignia above described, was one of the six sons 
 of Sir Edward Montagu, Knt, by Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Sir James Harington, of Exton, in Rutlandshire, and grand- 
 son of Sir Edward Montagu, the distinguished lawyer, and 
 Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Henry VIII. 's 
 reign, the common ancestor of the ducal house of Man- 
 chester, of the dukes of Montagu and the earls of Halifax,
 
 1 40 A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 now extinct. The prelate was born in 1538, and received 
 his education at Christ's Church College, Cambridge, and 
 afterwards became Master of Sydney College, in the same 
 University. On the accession of King James he was named 
 Dean of the Chapel Royal, an appointment that had been 
 vacant during the last eight years of Elizabeth's reign. 
 On the 1 7th April, 1607, he was consecrated Bishop of 
 Bath and Wells ; in October, 1616, he was translated to 
 Winchester, and on Michaelmas-day, 1617, sworn a Privy 
 Councillor at Hampton Court. Dr. Montagu presided 
 over the see of Winchester only for a short period, his 
 death occurring July 20, 1618, in the eightieth year of his 
 age. His remains were conveyed to Bath and there interred 
 in the abbey church, which during his episcopate had been 
 restored at his own expense. 
 
 THE BISHOP OF ELY, pp. 44, 45. . 
 
 ARMS. Gu., three ducal crowns, two and one, or ; the 
 arms of the see of Ely, ensigned with a bishop's mitre. 
 
 Launcelot Andrews, who presided over the see of Ely 
 at the time the Mirronr of Maiestie appeared, was born 
 in the city of London in 1555. From his youth he was 
 remarkable for diligence in his studies and sobriety in his 
 demeanour. He began his academical career at Pembroke 
 Hall, Cambridge, was elected fellow in 1576, and master 
 in 1589. He entered upon the ministry in 1580, and soon 
 became one of the most distinguished preachers of the age. 
 St. Giles's and St. Paul's were long the scene of his labours 
 during the reign of Elizabeth, who made him one of her 
 chaplains, and in. 1597 appointed him Prebendary, and in 
 1 60 1 Dean of Windsor. Dr. Andrews continued in high 
 favour with James I., who admired him beyond all other 
 divines, and in 1605 nominated him Bishop of Ely and Lord 
 Almoner. In 1609 he was translated to the see of Ely ; on 
 Michaelmas-day, 1616, he was sworn of the Privy Council ;
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 141 
 
 and on the death of Bishop Montagu was translated to the 
 see of Winchester, the conge 1 ' d'ttire to the dean and chapter 
 bearing date December 3, 1618. 
 
 In learning Andrews ranked next to Usher ; his lin- 
 guistic acquirements were vast, including Hebrew, Chaldee, 
 Syriac, and Arabic, in addition to five modern languages. 
 " The world," said Fuller, " wanted learning to know how 
 learned this man was." He was included in the commission 
 appointed to translate the Bible, and with nine others 
 was assigned the Pentateuch and historical books, com- 
 mencing with Joshua and ending with Kings; he also wrote 
 a Manual of Private Devotions and other works, and was 
 employed by King James to answer Cardinal Bellarmine's 
 attack upon that monarch's Defence of the Rights of Kings. 
 Andrews belonged to what is known as the High Church 
 party, his views being much in accordance with those of 
 Laud, who called him " the light of the Christian world." 
 In Elizabeth's reign he caused scandal by preaching at 
 court " that contrition, without confession and absolution 
 and deeds worthy of repentance, was not sufficient ; that 
 the ministers had the two keys of power and knowledge 
 delivered unto them ; that whose sins soever they remitted 
 upon earth should be remitted in heaven." * His learning 
 was extolled by some of the greatest European scholars, 
 his oratory was irresistibly fascinating, and his moral 
 character was worthy of his fame and office. Of his per- 
 sonal piety no second opinion can be entertained : through 
 life he exercised the charity and hospitality of a Christian 
 bishop, and at his death, which occurred in 1626, he left 
 all his means for the promotion of works of piety and 
 benevolence. 
 
 * Sidney Letters, vol. ii. 192.
 
 142 ANNO TA TIONS. 
 
 THE LORD ZOVCH, pp. 46, 47. 
 ARMS. Gu., ten bezants, or, a canton, ermine* 
 
 Edward, son and heir of George, tenth Lord Zouch of 
 Haryngworth, by Margaret, daughter and coheir of Wil- 
 liam Welby, of Molton, in Lincolnshire, succeeded as 
 eleventh lord on the death of his father in 1569, being then 
 in his minority. He was a " personage " of considerable note 
 in the reign of Elizabeth, and not less so in that of her 
 successor, James I. In 1587 he was one of the peers who 
 sat in judgment upon the ill-fated Queen of Scots, and was 
 afterwards sent on a diplomatic mission to Scotland to 
 palliate the act. On the loth June, 1 598, he was dispatched 
 to Copenhagen to present the congratulations of the Queen 
 of England to Christian IV., King of Denmark, on the 
 occasion of his marriage with the daughter of the Marquess 
 of Brandenbourg, and in 1601-2 was appointed Lord Presi- 
 dent of Wales. On the accession of King James, he was 
 continued in his office of Lord President, and on the nth 
 May, 1603, along with Lord Burghley, was sworn a Privy 
 Councillor at the Charter house, and shortly afterwards 
 was constituted Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of 
 the Cinque Ports for life, during which time Sir Edward 
 Nicholas, afterwards so celebrated, was his secretary. 
 Lord Zouch was the friend of Sir Henry Wotton, the 
 famous diplomatist and political writer, and is said to have 
 been intimately acquainted with Ben Jonson, the dramatist, 
 concerning whom the following circumstance is related in 
 Bridges' History of Northamptonshire : " That eastward 
 from the church of Haryngworth, and contiguous to the 
 old manor-house, are large ruins of the outward walls of a 
 chapel, and against the south wall are the remains of the 
 monument of George Lord Zouch, who died in 1569. At 
 the bottom of the north wall is a small hole communicating 
 with the cellar of the house, which, according to tradition, 
 
 * In the Mirrour eleven bezants are depicted.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 143 
 
 gave occasion to the following lines of the facetious Ben 
 Jonson : 
 
 ' Whenever I die, let this he my fate, 
 To lye by my good lord Zouche ; 
 That when I am dry, to the tap I may hye, 
 And so back again to my couch.' " 
 
 Lord Zouch married Eleanor, daughter of Sir John Zouch, 
 of Codnor, and, surviving her, had for his second wife Sarah, 
 daughter of Sir James Harington, of Exton, the sister of 
 Elizabeth, wife of Sir Edward Montagu, and widow, first, 
 of Francis Lord Hastings, and, secondly, of Sir George 
 Kingsmill. His lordship died in 1625, leaving two daughters 
 his coheirs ; viz., Elizabeth, married to William Tate, of 
 De la Pre, in Northamptonshire, and Mary, wife of Thomas 
 Leighton, Esq. ; but, having no surviving male issue, the 
 barony fell into abeyance, and so remained until 1807, 
 when Sir Cecil Bisshopp preferred a claim to the ancient 
 dignity in right of his mother, descended from Elizabeth, 
 the eldest of the two coheirs of Lord Zouch, and having 
 made good his descent, had summons to Parliament. 
 
 THE LORD WINDSOR, pp. 48, 49. 
 
 ARMS. Gu., a saltire, arg., between sixteen cross- 
 crosslets, or* 
 
 Thomas, sixth Lord Windsor, the last of that surname 
 who enjoyed the title, was the son of Henry, the fifth 
 lord, a nobleman of great qualifications and virtues, by 
 Ann, daughter and coheir of Sir Thomas Revet, of Chip- 
 penham, in Kent, Knt On the death of his father, in 
 1605, Lord Thomas succeeded to the family honours, and 
 on the 4th June, 1610, on the occasion of the creation of 
 Henry Prince of Wales, was made a Knight of the Bath, 
 along with twenty-four other lords and gentlemen. In 
 1623 he was appointed Rear- Admiral of the fleet dis- 
 
 * In the Mirrovr, only thirteen cross-crosslets are blazoned upon the shield.
 
 144 ANNOTATIONS. 
 
 patched to Spain for the purpose of bringing home Prince 
 Charles, after his romantic mission with Buckingham to 
 the court of Madrid; on which occasion he entertained the 
 grandees of that court with sumptuous prodigality. Nothing 
 could exceed the splendour of his equipage in this mission, 
 the cost of which, it is said, exceeded ,15,000, the whole 
 of which he personally bore, " being of a most free and 
 generous spirit."* Waller has alluded to the reception 
 given the Spaniards by the fleet in a juvenile poem, re- 
 markable to the curious in poetical anecdote, as having 
 been written only twenty-five years after the death of 
 Spenser : 
 
 " Now had his Highness bid farewell to Spain, 
 And reached the sphere of his own power, the main ; 
 With British bounty in his ship he feasts 
 The Hesperian princes, his amazed guests, 
 To find that watery wilderness exceed 
 The entertainments of their great Madrid, "f 
 
 Lord Windsor, who is described as a nobleman of learn- 
 ing and accomplishments, with a taste for antiquities, which 
 he carefully cultivated, married Catharine, daughter of 
 Edward Earl of Worcester, but left no issue. He died in 
 1642, having bequeathed his whole estate, by special deed, 
 dated December, 1641, to his nephew, Thomas Windsor 
 Hickman, son of Dixie Hickman, Esq., by Elizabeth, his 
 lordship's sister. 
 
 THE LORD WENTWORTH, pp. 50, 5*14 
 
 ARMS. Sa., a chevron between three leopards' faces, 
 or, a crescent for difference. 
 
 Sir Thomas Wentworth, the great and unfortunate Earl 
 
 * Banks, vol. ii. p. 612. f Fenton's Waller, Notes, p. 4. 
 
 It is worthy of remark that Sir Thomas Wentworth is here styled "The 
 Lord Wentworth," though he was not created a baron the lowest rank in 
 the British peerage until 1628, ten years after the Mirrour was published; 
 and it is further curious that in the shield assigned him, the badge or distinctive 
 ensign of a baronet, which he was then entitled to bear, is omitted.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 145 
 
 of Stratford, was the eldest son of Sir William Wentworth, 
 of Wentworth-Wood house, in Yorkshire, the representative 
 of a family founded by Reginald de Wintenvade, whose 
 name occurs in Doomsday Book. He was born in Chan- 
 cery Lane, London, April 13, 1593, and educated at St. 
 John's College, Cambridge ; having travelled over the Con- 
 tinent, he returned to England in 1613, when he received 
 the honour of knighthood, and shortly afterwards married 
 Mary, eldest daughter of Francis Clifford, fourth Earl of 
 Cumberland. On the death of his father in the following 
 year, he succeeded to the estates, and also to the baronetcy, 
 which had been conferred by James I., on the original 
 institution of that order, in 1612, and about the same time 
 was returned to Parliament as one of the representatives 
 for Yorkshire, and sat in several successive Parliaments, 
 his leanings being towards the opponents of the court, 
 though without holding extreme views, and in 1615 he was 
 named custos rotnloruni for the county. In 1626, after the 
 accession of Charles I,, he was one of those who were made 
 sheriffs of their counties, to prevent them from sitting in 
 Parliament, a procedure which inspired so much resent- 
 ment, that he signalized himself by refusing the arbitrary 
 loan exacted in the following year, and suffered imprison- 
 ment in consequence.* He returned to the third Parliament 
 of Charles with a feeling of determined opposition to the 
 court, and possibly with some real zeal for the liberties of 
 his country ; but, either from ambitious motives or an 
 awakened dread for the safety of the constitution, fearing 
 that his associates were proceeding to too great lengths, 
 he went over to the side of the king, and, to the surprise 
 of all, he was, on the 22nd July, 1628, elevated to the 
 peerage by the title of Baron Wentworth, Newmarsh, and 
 Oversley ; thus commencing a splendid and baleful career 
 that ended- upon the scaffold.f On the loth December fol- 
 
 * Hallam. 
 
 t It is recorded that shortly after his elevation, Strafford met with his old 
 friend Pym, and remarked : " You see, I have left you" ; to which the dema- 
 gogue replied, " So I perceive ; but we shall never leave you as long as you 
 have a head on your shoulders." Pym kept his word, and never lost sight of 
 Strafford till he had brought him to the block. 
 
 M
 
 146 ANNOTA TIONS. 
 
 lowing he 'was advanced to the dignity of a viscount, and 
 in the succeeding year made a Privy Councillor, Lord Lieu- 
 tenant of Yorkshire, and Lord President of the Council of 
 the North, a court possessing inordinate powers, with a 
 criminal jurisdiction extending from the Humber to the 
 Scottish frontier. His love of power being still unsatisfied, 
 he was, in July, 1633, by his own desire, made Lord Deputy 
 of Ireland, a country that had for centuries been the hotbed 
 of faction, and where his commanding energy, his despotic 
 power, and imperious passions created general alarm, and 
 led the way to the rebellion of 1641. In 1640 Strafford 
 received his final honours: on the T2th January he was 
 created Baron Raby, of Raby Castle, in the county of 
 Durham, and Earl of Strafford, and on the I2th September 
 following he was invested with the Order of the Garter. 
 His defection from his friends, his powerful intellect and 
 commanding genius, his steadfast fidelity to his sovereign 
 and to the Church of England, and his lofty and imperious 
 tone in the council-chamber, aroused the fear and hatred 
 of the Parliament party, who were eager to effect his de- 
 struction. While with the army in the North, he was 
 apprised by his friends of the gathering storm. In Novem- 
 ber, 1641, he returned to London, in obedience to the 
 summons of the king, who said he could not dispense with 
 the services of his ablest councillor, receiving the solemn 
 assurance of Charles that, " upon the word of a king, he 
 should not suffer in life, honour, or fortune." * Within a 
 day or two of his arrival he went down to the House, when 
 he was impeached of high treason by the Commons, his 
 former friend, but then sworn adversary, Pym, taking the 
 leading part against him, and the same night he was lodged 
 in the Tower. On the 22nd March, 1641, his trial one of 
 the most memorable in the annals of the State began in 
 Westminster Hall, and continued day by day until the roth 
 April, Strafford defending himself with so much wisdom, 
 eloquence, and ability, that, had he not been foredoomed, his 
 unanswerable arguments must undoubtedly have secured 
 his acquittal. As the impeachment seemed likely to fail, 
 
 * Strafford Letters, vol. ii. p. 416.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 147 
 
 a bill of attainder was proposed, which was read a first time 
 on the 1 3th April, and passed on the 2ist. Charles, who 
 loved Strafford tenderly, at first refused his assent ; but, 
 yielding to the entreaties of those about him, and in viola- 
 tion of the solemn promise he had given, eventually signed 
 the death-warrant, and on the I2th May, 1641, the minister, 
 who had trusted in his promise of protection, was beheaded 
 on Tower Hill, behaving with all that dignity of resolution 
 to be expected from his character. The king's conscience 
 was deeply wounded by his acquiescence in the death of 
 his favourite minister, and he looked back with remorse 
 upon the injustice he had been guilty of during the mis- 
 fortunes which afterwards overwhelmed him. The political 
 faults of Strafford were doubtless many and great, but the 
 charge of treason was groundless, and the attainder uncon- 
 stitutional : he was made the victim of popular clamour, 
 and his death was the first political murder. The eulogium 
 of his enemy Whitelock might well serve for his epitaph : 
 " Thus," he says, " fell this noble earl, who, for natural 
 parts and abilities, and for improvement of knowledge by 
 experience in the greatest affairs for wisdom, faithfulness, 
 and gallantry of mind, hath left few behind him that can 
 be ranked as his equal." 
 
 By his first wife, who died in 1622, Lord Strafford had 
 no issue. On the 24th February, 1625, he married for his 
 second wife Arabella, second daughter of John Holies, first 
 Earl of Clare, a lady of great beauty and cultivated mind, 
 who died in October, 1631, leaving a son, William, and two 
 daughters, Ann, who married Edward Watson, Earl of 
 Rockingham, and Arabella, who became the wife of John 
 M'Carthy, Viscount Mountcashel. In October, 1632, his 
 lordship again entered the marriage state, his third wife 
 being Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Godfrey Rhodes, Knt., of 
 Great Houghton, in Yorkshire, who bore him two children, 
 Thomas and Margaret, both of whom died unmarried. 
 
 In 1662 the attainder of Earl Strafford was reversed, 
 and his eldest son, William, restored to the titles of the 
 house.
 
 I 4 8 ANNOTATIONS. 
 
 THE LORD DARCIE, pp. 52, 53. 
 
 ARMS. A 2., semee of cross crosslets, and three cinque- 
 foils, arg. 
 
 The Lord Darcie by whom these arms were borne would 
 appear to have been John, the last of the line who bore the 
 title, the only son and heir of Michael Darcy, descended 
 from Norman D'Arcie or D'Areci, who came into England 
 with the Conqueror, and his wife Margaret, daughter of 
 Thomas Wentworth, Esq., and the grandson of John Lord 
 Darcy, restored in blood by the title of Lord Darcy of 
 Aston, 28th August, 1558, who married Agnes, the daughter 
 of Thomas Babington, of Dethick, in the county of Derby, 
 Esq., and sister of Anthony Babington, beheaded for his 
 share in the conspiracy to liberate the Queen of Scots. 
 This John, who served with Walter Earl of Essex in his 
 expedition to Ireland, survived his son Michael, and died 
 in 1587, being succeeded in the title by his grandson John, 
 above named, who married Rosamond, daughter of Sir 
 Peter Frescheville, of Stavely, in Derbyshire, Knt, by 
 whom he had an only son, who pre-deceased him, and 
 two daughters, who both died unmarried. 
 
 Lord Darcy dying in 1635 without surviving male issue, 
 the barony ceased, and remained extinct until Charles I., 
 in 1641-2, restored and confirmed it to Sir Conyers Darcy, 
 Knt., the grandson of Arthur, younger brother of John 
 Lord Darcy, restored in blood, and the son of Thomas Lord 
 Darcy, who was beheaded in the reign of Henry VIII. 
 
 Contemporaneous with the Lord Darcy of Aston, above 
 mentioned, there was a Lord Darcy of Chiche, in Essex. 
 Thomas, the third baron, eldest son of John Lord Darcy 
 (who also claimed descent from Norman D'Arcie), by 
 Frances, daughter of Richard Lord Rich, which Thomas, on 
 the 5th July, 1621, was created by James I. Viscount Col- 
 chester, with limitation, on failure of male issue, to his son- 
 in-law, Sir Thomas Savage, of Rock-Savage, in Cheshire,
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 149 
 
 and the 'heirs of his body by Elizabeth his wife, eldest 
 daughter of Lord Thomas ; and on the 4th November, 
 2 Charles I. (1626), was further advanced to the earldom of 
 Rivers, with like limitation. His lordship died February 21, 
 1639, and having survived his only son, Thomas, who died 
 issueless, the barony of Chiche failed ; but the titles of 
 Colchester and Rivers devolved upon his son-in-law, Sir 
 Thomas Savage, in accordance with the limitation named. 
 The arms borne by Lord Darcy of Chiche arg., three 
 cinquefoils, gn. differ from those depicted in the Mirrour 
 of Maiestie, and we may therefore assume that Lord 
 Darcy of Aston was the " noble personage rancked in the 
 Catalogue." 
 
 THE LORD WOTTON, pp. 54, 55. 
 ARMS. Arg. y a cross formee, fitchee at the foot, sa. 
 
 Sir Edward Wotton, Lord Wotton of Marley, was the 
 eldest son of Thomas Wotton, of Boughton Malherbe, 
 in the county of Kent, and the brother of Sir Henry 
 Wotton, Lord Essex's secretary (the famous diplomatist 
 and political writer), of Sir James, who distinguished 
 himself in the expedition to Cadiz, and of Sir John, the 
 accomplished scholar and traveller. Sir Edward having 
 been introduced at court, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth 
 and made Comptroller of her Majesty's Household, and 
 was, says Camden, " remarkable for many and great 
 employments in the State during her reign, and sent 
 several times ambassador into foreign nations." After the 
 accession of James, he was, on the 2Oth May, 1603, made 
 a baron of the realm by the title of Lord Wotton of Marley, 
 in the county of Kent ; Sir Robert Sidney of Penshurst, Sir 
 William Knollys, and Sir Robert Cecil being elevated to 
 the peerage at the same time ; and on the 22nd December, 
 1616, he was appointed Treasurer of the King's Household, 
 but surrendered his staff of office on the 1st February,
 
 ISO A NNO TA TIONS. 
 
 1618. Like the rest of his family, Lord Wotton was 
 conspicuous for his refined taste and mental qualifications. 
 He married Esther, daughter and coheir of Sir William 
 Puckering, of Yorkshire, Knt., and by her had issue an 
 only son, Thomas, born in 1597, who succeeded him, and 
 died in 1630. 
 
 THE LORD STANHOPE, pp. 56, 57. 
 ARMS. Quarterly, enn, and gu. 
 
 John Stanhope, Lord Stanhope of Harrington, was the 
 third son of Sir Michael Stanhope, of Shelford, in Notting- 
 hamshire, who was beheaded in 1552 with Sir Thomas 
 Arundel, for conspiring the death of Dudley, Duke of 
 Northumberland, his mother being Ann, daughter of 
 Nicholas Rawson, Esq., of Aveley Bellhouse, in Essex. 
 During the reign of Elizabeth and James, he was in 
 much favour at court, and held several important offices, 
 including those of Treasurer of the Chambers and Master 
 of the Ports. On the 4th May, 1605, being then Vice- 
 Chamberlain to the king, he was raised to the peerage by 
 the title of Baron Stanhope of Harrington, being the first 
 of this house, though of ancient and honourable descent, 
 that was ennobled. His lordship died Qth March, 1620, 
 having had issue by his wife Margaret, daughter and 
 coheir of Henry M'Williams, of Stanbourne, in Essex, 
 two daughters, viz., Elizabeth, married to Sir Lionel 
 Tollemache, father of the first Earl of Dysart, and 
 Catharine, married to Robert Cholmondeley, created in 
 1628 Viscount Cholmondeley, and an only son, Charles, 
 who succeeded, as second Lord Stanhope, and, having 
 married Dorothy, sister to the Earl of Newburgh, died 
 issueless in 1677, when the dignity expired.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 151 
 
 THE LORD CAREW, pp. 58, 59. 
 
 ARMS. Or, three lioncels, passant in pale, sa., armed 
 and langued, gu. : a crescent for difference. 
 
 This distinguished soldier, George Lord Carew, of 
 Clopton, in the county of Warwick, was the son of George 
 Carew, Archdeacon of Totness and Dean of Exeter, 
 descended from Sir Thomas Carew, who served with 
 distinction at the battle of Agincourt. He was born 
 in 1557, and at the age of fifteen began his academical 
 career at Broad-gate Hall (now Pembroke College), 
 Oxford, where he attained considerable proficiency. On 
 quitting the university, he embraced the profession of 
 arms, and served in the Irish wars against the Earl of 
 Desmond and other rebels. In 1580 he was made 
 Governor of the Castle of Askeaton, and some years 
 later was appointed Lieutenant-General of Artillery, and 
 Master of the Ordnance in Ireland. In 1596 he was 
 nominated to a command in the expedition fitted out to 
 destroy the Spanish fleet in the port of Cadiz, and on the 
 igth February, 1598, he accompanied Secretary Cecil as 
 ambassador to France, from which country he returned 
 1st May following; in the succeeding year he was ap- 
 pointed Lord President of Munster, and in 1600 made 
 Treasurer of the Army, and also one of the Lords Justices 
 of Ireland, that country at the time being in a state of 
 open rebellion, whilst the entire force at his disposal for 
 its suppression numbered only 3,000 infantry and 250 
 cavalry. By his consummate skill and valour he overcame 
 all difficulties ; he made the Earl of Desmond and the 
 chieftain O'Connor prisoners, brought the other rebel 
 chiefs under subjection, and reduced all the fortified 
 strongholds. In 1601 he defeated a body of Spaniards 
 who had landed at Kinsale, and the next year attacked 
 and captured the castle of Dunboy, until then deemed im- 
 pregnable ; thereby preventing another projected invasion,
 
 152 ANNOTATIONS. 
 
 which the Spaniards abandoned on hearing of the fall of 
 that stronghold. In 1603, Elizabeth having reluctantly 
 accepted the resignation of his burdensome office, he re- 
 turned to England, arriving only three days before the 
 queen's death. By her successor his merits were highly 
 valued. On the 2nd May, 1603, he was deputed by the 
 Lords of the Council, with other distinguished personages, 
 to attend Ann, queen of James I., on her journey from 
 Scotland into England. In the same year he was ap- 
 pointed Governor of Guernsey, and on the 4th June, 1605, 
 was created a peer of the realm, by the title of Baron 
 Carew of Clopton, in the county of Warwick. In 1608 
 he was appointed Master-General of Ordnance of Great 
 Britain ; on the 2Oth July, 1616, sworn of the Privy 
 Council; and in 1625, on the accession of Charles I., he 
 was raised to the earldom of Totness, a dignity he enjoyed 
 only four years, his death occurring at the Savoy, London, 
 1629, in the seventy-second year of his age. 
 
 THE LORD HAVE, pp. 60, 61. 
 ARMS. Arg., three escutcheons,^/. 
 
 James Lord Hay, the frivolous fantastic spendthrift, 
 who in the reign of James I. shared so large a portion of 
 the royal favour and the royal purse, was the son of a 
 Scottish merchant. He received his education in France, 
 and returning to England about the time of James's 
 accession, was presented at court by the French am- 
 bassador, where his showy person and elegance of manners 
 quickly rendered him a favourite. On the 2Qth June, 
 1615, he was ennobled by the title of Lord Hay of 
 Sawley, a creation that would seem to have originated 
 in some freak of the king, the dignity being conferred 
 without the issue of letters-patent or a seat in the House 
 of Lords. In 1616 he was sent on a mission to Paris to 
 congratulate the king of France on his marriage with the
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 153 
 
 Infanta of Spain, and to ask the hand of the Princess 
 Christian, eldest daughter of Louis XIII., for the 
 Prince Charles. Nothing could exceed the splendour of 
 this embassage ; the members of his train were clothed 
 in the most costly liveries, and the horse on which he 
 rode was shod with silver shoes lightly tacked on, so that 
 they could be flung away for the greedy bystanders to 
 scramble for, a farrier or argentier following with others, 
 which were scattered about with the same extravagant 
 prodigality.* On the 2Oth March, 1617, he was sworn of 
 the Privy Council, and on the 5th July in the following 
 year raised to the title of Viscount Doncaster. In 1619 
 he was sent ambassador to Germany, with a view of 
 mediating between the emperor and the Bohemians, a 
 mission that is estimated to have cost no less than 
 fifty or sixty thousand pounds. In 1621 he was sent 
 upon another embassage to France, to mediate between 
 Louis XIII. and the French Protestants, but his diplo- 
 macy was not attended with success. In September, 
 1622, he was raised to the earldom of Carlisle, and in the 
 following year he was at Madrid during the matrimonial 
 visit of Prince Charles, though there is no evidence of 
 his being employed officially. After the accession of 
 Charles I., he does not appear to have held any very 
 important office, though he was not entirely overlooked, 
 being in 1633 named first gentlemanf of the bedchamber 
 to the king. His death occurred April 25, 1636, when, 
 says Clarendon, he left neither " a house nor an acre 
 of land to be remembered by," a statement that is con- 
 tradicted by Lodge, who affirms that, " notwithstanding 
 his expensive absurdities, he left a very large fortune, 
 partly derived from his marriage with the heiress of the 
 Lords Denny, but more from the king's unlimited bounty." 
 The earl carefully shunned politics, which would have 
 made him enemies ; and thus he escaped the fate of 
 Somerset, Buckingham, and Strafford. If he was prodigal 
 
 * Wilson, p. 94. 
 
 t Formerly the title of "gentleman" implied, in its strictest sense, 
 nobility. 
 
 N
 
 154 ANNOTATIONS. 
 
 in his expenditure, it was in accordance with the tastes 
 of his sovereign, whose character he understood more 
 thoroughly perhaps than any of his contemporaries. With 
 all his failings, he was modest and unassuming, and his 
 unaffected courtesy and generous hospitality made him 
 a general favourite " he was a sensualist without being 
 selfish, and a courtier without being insolent." 
 
 The earl married, first, Honora, sole daughter and 
 heir of Edward Lord Denny, afterwards created Earl 
 of Norwich. Surviving her, he married, secondly, No- 
 vember 6, 1617, the beautiful but frivolous Lady Lucy 
 Percy, youngest daughter of Henry, eighth Earl of 
 Northumberland, the most enchanting woman at the 
 court of Charles, and, next to the far-famed Sacharissa, 
 the goddess of Waller's idolatry. 
 
 THE LORD CHIEFE JUSTICE OF THE 
 KINGS-BENCH, pp. 62, 63. 
 
 ARMS. Arg., three lozenges, conjoined, in fesse, gu., 
 within a bordure, sa., differenced by a mullet, the mark of 
 cadency of a third son. 
 
 This distinguished lawyer and parliamentary orator, 
 Sir Henry Montagu, the founder of the ducal house of 
 Manchester, was the third of the six sons of Sir Edward 
 Montagu, by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Harington, 
 of Exton, in Rutlandshire, and the grandson of Sir 
 Edward Montagu, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench 
 in 1539. On the 23rd July, 1603, he was knighted by 
 James I. at Westminster, along with some three or four 
 hundred others; on the igth March, 1604, he was re- 
 turned as representative of the City of London in the 
 first Parliament of James; on the i8th November, 1616, 
 he was sworn Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench ; 
 on Monday, December 4, 1620, he was made Lord 
 Treasurer of England at Newmarket, where the king
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 155 
 
 gave him his staff and created him Lord Montagu, Baron 
 of Kimbolton and Viscount Mandeville ; and on Saturday, 
 the 1 6th of the same month, he was sworn at the Ex- 
 chequer. On the accession of Charles I., he was created 
 Earl of Manchester (February 5, 1626), and was aftenvards 
 appointed Lord Privy Seal. The earl was thrice married ; 
 first, to Catharine, second daughter of Sir William Spencer, 
 of Yarnton, in Oxfordshire, by whom he had three sons ; 
 secondly, to Ann, daughter and heir of William Wincot, 
 Esq., of Langham, in Staffordshire, and widow of Sir 
 Leonard Halliday, Knt, Lord Mayor of London, but by 
 her had no issue ; his third wife, whom he married in 
 1620, being Margaret, daughter of John Crouch, Esq., of 
 Cornbury, in Hertfordshire, and widow of John Hare, 
 Esq., who bore him a son, George Montagu, ancestor of 
 the Earls of Halifax, and a daughter, Susannah, who 
 became the wife of George Brydges, sixth Lord Chandos. 
 His lordship died November 6, 1642, and was succeeded 
 in the title by his eldest son, Edward Montagu, the renowned 
 parliamentarian general, who defeated Prince Rupert at 
 Marston Moor, when Cromwell acted as his lieutenant- 
 general, and who at the Restoration was accepted by the 
 Lords as their speaker to congratulate Charles II. on his 
 return to his capital. 
 
 THE LORD CHIEFE IUSTICE OF THE 
 COMMON-PLEAS, pp. 62, 63. 
 
 ARMS. Sa., an estoile of eight * points, or, between two 
 flaunches, erm., differenced by a crescent. 
 
 Sir Henry Hobart, by whom this coat was borne, was 
 the second son of Miles Hobart, of Plumstede, by Audrey, 
 daughter and coheir of William Hare, Esq., of Beeston, 
 in Norfolk. Having completed his education, he adopted 
 
 * In the shield depicted in the Mirrour, the estoile has only six points.
 
 156 ANNOTATIONS. 
 
 the profession of the law, and soon rose to considerable 
 eminence. In 1595 he was chosen steward of the city of 
 Norwich, and in the following year elected one of the 
 governors of his own inn, being about the same time 
 returned burgess in Parliament for Yarmouth, which 
 borough he also represented in 1600. In 1603 he was 
 called to the degree of serjeant-at-law, and on the 
 23rd July in the same year he received the honour of 
 knighthood, in company with his eldest son, John. He 
 represented the city of Norwich in the first Parliament 
 of James I., and, being held in high repute for his 
 ability and learning, was in 1605 made attorney to 
 the Court of Wards, and on the 4th July of the same 
 year constituted King's Attorney-General. On the 22nd 
 July, 1610, he was appointed by letters patent one of the 
 first governors of the Charter-house,* and on the 22nd 
 November in the following year created a baronet, being 
 the ninth in precedency in the institution of that order. 
 On the 26th October, 1613, he was appointed successor to 
 Sir Edward Coke as Lord Chief Justice of the Common 
 Pleas, an office in which he acquitted himself with much 
 honour, Sir Francis Bacon being at the same time consti- 
 tuted Attorney-General. Bacon was his rival, and, in 1615, 
 on the anticipated death of Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, 
 fearing that Sir Henry Hobart might be appointed to 
 succeed, he addressed a letter to the king, under date I2th 
 February, 1615, "touching the Lord Chancellor's place," 
 in which occurs the following passage : 
 
 "If you take my Lord Hubbard [Hobart], you shall have a judge at the 
 upper end of your council-board and another [Coke] at the lower end, whereby 
 your Majesty will find your prerogative pent ; for though there should be 
 emulation between them, yet, as legists, they will agree in magnifying that 
 wherein they are best. He is no statesman, but an ceconomist, wholly for 
 himself; so as your Majesty, more than an outward form, will find little 
 help in him for your business, "t 
 
 In the later years of his life he commenced the rebuilding 
 
 * Stow, 940. 
 
 f Lambeth MSS. quoted in Spedding's Letters and Life of Francis Bacon, 
 ed. 1869.
 
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 157 
 
 of Blickling Hall,* one of the most perfect examples re- 
 maining of the time of the first James, previously the seat 
 of the Boleyns, and celebrated as the house from which 
 Henry VIII. married the ill-fated mother of Queen Eliza- 
 beth, the Lady Anne Boleyn. At his decease were pub- 
 lished reports of several law cases, which bear this title: 
 The Reports of that Reverend and Learned Judge, the Right 
 Hon. Sir Henry Hobart, Knt. and Bart., Lord Chief Justice 
 of His Majesty's Court of Common Pleas, and CJiancellor to 
 both their Highnesses, Henry and Charles, Prince of Wales, 
 &c. On the 22nd April, 1590, he married, at Blickling, 
 Dorothy, daughter of Sir Robert Bell, of Beaupre Hall, in 
 Norfolk, Knt, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, by 
 whom he had sixteen children, one of them being Sir 
 Miles Hobart, noted in the time of Charles I. for his oppo- 
 sition to the royalist party, and who, on the 2nd March, 
 1628-9, to prevent the anticipated dissolution of Parlia- 
 ment, forcibly held the Speaker, Sir John Finch, in the 
 chair while certain strong resolutions were passed. 
 
 Sir Henry Hobart died December 26, 1625, and was 
 succeeded by his eldest son, Sir John Hobart, who married, 
 first, Philippa, daughter of Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester, 
 and, secondly, Frances, eldest daughter of John Earl of 
 Bridgewater ; but, dying without surviving male issue, the 
 title devolved upon his nephew, Sir John Hobart, grand- 
 father of the first Earl of Buckinghamshire. 
 
 THE LORD CHIEFE BARON OF THE 
 EXCHEAQUER, pp. 62, 63. 
 
 ARMS. Arg., two chevrons between three martlets, sa., 
 two and one. 
 
 SirLaurenceTanfield, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 
 the last of the " personages rancked in the Catalogue," was 
 
 * Mr. Henry Shaw, F.S.A., remarks that the entrance-porch to this stately 
 mansion " may be regarded as one of the earliest attempts at the restoration 
 of classical architecture, and appears to be formed 14)011 the model of the Arch 
 of Titus at Rome."
 
 1 58 ANNOTA TIONS. 
 
 the only son of Robert Tanfield, of Burford, in Oxford- 
 shire, by his wife, Wilgeford Fitzherbert, and the third 
 in descent from Robert Tanfield, the representative of a 
 family seated at Harpole and Gayton, in Northampton- 
 shire, from the time of Henry VI. This Robert Tanfield 
 married Catharine, daughter of Edward Neville, Baron 
 Abergavenny, by his second wife, Catharine, sister of John 
 Howard, Duke of Norfolk. Laurence Tanfield's name 
 occurs as Reader of the Society of the Inner Temple in 
 1595; on the loth January, 1605, he was appointed a 
 puisne justice of the King's Bench, and on the 25th June, 
 1607, created Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, in the 
 place of Sir Thomas Fleming, who had been made Chief 
 Justice of the King's Bench ; and this dignity he held 
 during the remainder of his life. He died on the 
 3Oth April, 1625, and was buried in the church of Burford, 
 his native place, in which, in the centre of an enclosed 
 aisle or chapel on the north side of the church, is an altar- 
 tomb, with the recumbent effigies of himself and his wife 
 beneath an enriched canopy, supported by ornamental 
 pillars. By his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Gyles Symonds, 
 of Cley, in Norfolk, he had issue an only daughter, bearing 
 the same baptismal name as her mother, who became the 
 wife of Sir Henry Cary, K.B., created Viscount Falkland 
 November 10, 1620, whose son Lucius, the second viscount, 
 born in 1610, " Falkland the generous and the just," 
 became heir to his maternal grandfather, and lost his life 
 at the battle of Newbury, September 20, 1643, whilst 
 fighting on the royalist side. 
 
 J. C.
 
 III. 
 
 NOTICE OF WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES, 
 AND ESPECIALLY OF THOSE WHICH 
 CONTAIN THE ILLUSTRATIVE PLATES. 
 
 IjERE we to bring together into a regular series 
 full notices of the various works in literature 
 which bear on their title-pages the English 
 
 word Mirror, or the French Miroir, the 
 
 German and Dutch Spiced, the Latin Speculum, and the 
 Greek Theatron, we should have to compile a volume, 
 rather than a chapter. The subjects, too, treated of 
 would be found almost universal. Though in its exer- 
 cise often doing violence to good taste, and at times 
 offending against the proprieties of thought, the idea has 
 for centuries been popular of holding up a glass and of 
 looking within it to see reflected characters, personages, 
 events, histories, moral instruction, philosophical, spiritual, 
 and religious truths, and the whole contour of society, of 
 government, and of the world. 
 
 It is a long time ago, too, since the use of jingling alli- 
 terative titles became prevalent. Not to travel out of our 
 English tongue, nor away from the one word Mirror, we 
 may refer to a curious medley of subjects, all set forth in 
 the looking-glass of the imagination, and imprinted for the 
 edification of mankind. Thus : 
 
 "THE MIRROURE of Gold for the synfull soule, translated out of frenche 
 into englishe by the right excellent princesse Margaret moder to our soueraigne 
 lord king Henry the VII." London, Pynson. 4to. 
 
 "A MYRROUR FOR MAN"; by Tho. Churchyard, about 1550. 
 
 "THE MIRROUR of Madnes, or a Paradoxe maintayning Madness to be 
 most excellent "; byj. Sandford. 8vo. LONDON. 1576.
 
 160 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES. 
 
 " A MIRRHOR mete for all Mothers, Matrones and Maidens, entituled the 
 Mirrhor of Modestie"; "A pretie and pithie Dialogue betweene Mercuric 
 and Virtue"; by Thomas Salter. 8vo. London. 1579- 
 
 "THE MIRROUR of Mutabilitie, or principall part of the Mirrour for 
 Magistrates"; by Antony Munday. 410. London. 1579- 
 
 "A MIROUR of Monsters"; compiled by W. Rankins, A.D. 1587. 
 
 " THE MIRROR of Martyrs ; the life and death of that thrice valient Capi- 
 taine, and most godly Martyre, Sir John Old-castle knight Lord Cobham" ; 
 by John Weever. 8vq. 1601. 
 
 But, above them all, we name and commend 
 
 "A MIROVR FOR MAGISTRATES,* being a true Chronicle Historic of the 
 vntimely falles of such vnfortunate Princes and men of note, as haue happened 
 since the first entrance of Brute into this Hand, vntill this our latter Age. 
 Newly enlarged -with a last part, called, A Winter-night's Vision,^ being an 
 addition of such Tragedies, especially famous, as are exampled in this former 
 Historic, with a Poem annexed called England's Eliza." (The Device is a 
 wand entwined by two serpents, two cornucopise, hands issuing from clouds, 
 and the motto "By Peace Plenty, by Wisdom Peace.") "At London, 
 Imprinted by Felix Kyngstun 1610. " 8vo. Pages, 20 unnumbered, I 875 
 numbered. 
 
 This work, commenced in 1559, was added to at various 
 times, until from less than thirty tales, or histories, it was 
 enlarged so as to comprise eighty legends and eleven 
 supplements. In the entire volume the first legend tells, 
 " How King Albanuet the yongest sonne of Brutus and 
 first King of Albanie (now called Scotland) was slain by 
 King Humber, the ycare before Christ 1085"; and the 
 eightieth records, " How the Lord Cromwell exalted from 
 meane estate was after by the enuie of the Bishop of Win- 
 chester and other his complices brought to vntimely end 
 Anno Dom. 1 540." Of the eleven additions, the eighty-first 
 tale gives " The life and death of King Arthur " ; and the 
 ninety-first the poem annexed, England's Eliza, p. 873, of 
 which the following is a stanza : 
 
 * " The Induction " to the work was composed by the celebrated Thomas 
 Sackville, Earl of Dorset, in 1563. To him also is assigned " The Complaint 
 of the Duke of Buckingham." Thomas Sackville died in 1608, leaving behind 
 a very memorable name. 
 
 f This Winter-nighfs Vision was dedicated to Charles Howard, the Earl 
 of Nottingham, who was "the Lord Admirall" of the Mirrovr of Maicstie, 
 pp. 19, 20.
 
 MIRRORS. 161 
 
 " Thus to the life of our triumphant Dame 
 
 Time in her reigne no yeere did multiplie 
 
 Which Fortune did not dignyfie with fame 
 
 Or praise of some illustrate victorie ; 
 
 'Gainst Rome, 'gainst Spaine, or th' Austrian enemie 
 'Gainst whom that houre that she expir'd her breath, 
 She di'd victorious in the armes of death." 
 
 With the unalliterative titles our array might easily be 
 swelled out, but not to so great a degree as might be ima- 
 gined. The Myrrour of the worlde appeared in 1481, and 
 Fewterer's Myrrour or Glasse of CJiristis Passion in 1534. 
 The Mirrour of Princely deeds is dated 1579 ; Robert 
 Greene's Mirrour or looking glasse for the Ladies of Eng- 
 land, 4to, 1583; and the same author's "Penelopes Web, 
 Wherein a Christall Myrror of fceminine perfection repre- 
 sents to the viewe of euery those vertues and graces, which 
 more curiously beautifies the mynd of women, then eyther 
 sumptuous Apparell, or Jewels of inestimable valew." 4to. 
 1587. 
 
 The Mariners Mirror became known in 1583 ; and in 
 1 594 Drayton's Ideas Mirrour, or love stanzas, of fourteen 
 lines each ; and in the early part of the reign of King 
 James, 1604, the " Mirrour of his Maicsties present Gouern- 
 mcnt tending to the Vnion of his whole Hand of Brittone." 
 
 For showing the variety of subjects in French works 
 that glorify themselves in the word Miroir, it will be suffi- 
 cient to specify two or three : 
 
 "Guguin's MIROUKR historial de France," a folio of 185 leaves, printed in 
 1516. It is from the author's Latin chronicles of an earlier date, 1499, and 
 contains the deeds and actions of kings of France. 
 
 'MiRROUER des femmes vertueuses," a Lyon, 1546; a very rare volume, 
 containing the Patience of Griselda, and the History of the Maid of Orleans. 
 
 " LE MIROIR des escoliers et de la jeunesse." 8vo. 1602. 
 
 Glass and Looking-glass also furnish their full quota of 
 titles. In 1590 there was a Looking-glass for England, and 
 in 1 599 another for Ireland. A Glasse for Gamesters was 
 printed in 1581 ; and in 1589 a Spectacle for Perjurers, 
 adorned in the title-page with the circles of a pair of spec- 
 tacles. The French, too, at a much earlier day, had their 
 
 O
 
 162 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES. 
 
 Lunettes to give point to a title ; for " Les lunettes des 
 princes" by Jehan Meschinot, dates from Nantes, in small 
 4to, 1493. and through above twenty editions retained its 
 popularity to 1539. The word reappeared at Orleans in 
 1576, when " Ltinettes de christal de roc/ic" were recom- 
 mended to all the princes, lords, gentlemen, and other 
 good Frenchmen, to enable them to see clearly the way 
 by which it was sought to bring France under the same 
 tyranny as Turkey. 
 
 A work far more truly a Mirror of Majesty than the 
 trifling volume which expressly bears the name, is Henry 
 Holland's BOOKE OF KINGS, also printed A.D. 1618 : it is a 
 folio with thirty-two noble plates, chiefly the workmanship 
 of Reginald Elstracke, an English engraver, and of Simon, 
 the brother of Crispin de Passe the younger. This 
 Simon de Passe resided in England about ten years, from 
 1613, and then engaged in the service of the King of 
 Denmark. The title of the Book of Kings and the portrait 
 of William the Conqueror,* were engraved by Elstracke, 
 and the fine portraits of Elizabeth, James, and Anna, by 
 Simon de Passe, to whom also are to be attributed 
 several other portraits of eminent men of their day. This 
 BAZIAIQAOriA is well described by its title. 
 
 "A BOOKE OF KINGS, beeing the true and liuely Effigies of all our English 
 Kings from the Conquest vntill this present : With their seuerall Coats of 
 Arms, Impreses, and Devises. And a briefe Chronologic of their Liues and 
 Deaths elegantly grauen in copper. (London) Printed for H. Holland and 
 are to be sold by Compton Holland over against the Exchange. 1618." 
 Small folio. 
 
 Of the thirty-two portraits in the Book of Kings, there 
 are only three of the personages named in the Mirrovr of 
 Maiestie : they are "James, King of Great Britaine," Anna 
 his queen, and " Charles, Prince of great Britaine and 
 Ireland." f But with the Basiliialogia proper are some- 
 times found additional portraits ; as, Edward Somerset, 
 
 * See Bryan's Dictionary of Engravers and Painters, 1849, p. 229. 
 f See Mirrovr of Maiestie, pp. i, 4, and 6.
 
 BOOKS OF PORTRAITS. 163 
 
 Earl of Worcester, " the Lord Privy Scale," and Henry 
 Wriothesley, " Earle of Southampton."* 
 
 A most worthy companion to Holland's Booke of Kings 
 was his Book of Heroes. 
 
 " HERWOLOGIA ANGLICA, hoc est clarissimorvm et doctissimorvm aliqvot 
 Anglorvm, qvi florvervnt ab Anno Cristi M.D. vsq. ad presentem Annvm 
 M. D. c. xx. viure Effigies, Vita; et Elogia, duobus Tomis. Authore H. H. 
 Anglo Britanno. Impensis Crispin! Passsei Calcographus et Jansonij Biblio- 
 polas Arnhemiensis. ' Folio. 
 
 The work contains sixty-five portraits attributed to 
 Crispin de Passe the elder, his son William de Passe, 
 and others. A few of the originals were by Hans Holbein, 
 and one or two by Rubens. Of persons commemorated 
 in the Mirrovr of Maiestic, there are three portraits in 
 the Booke of Heroes ; of William Herbert, Earl of Pem- 
 broke, "the Lord Chamberline"; Robert Devereux, "the 
 Earle of Essex," and James Montagu, " the Bishop of 
 Winchester." f 
 
 Several works of later times supply authentic portraits 
 and memoirs of the " Noble Personages rancked in the 
 Catalogue " of our fac-simile Reprint. We select the 
 following, to which our readers are referred : 
 
 Clarendon's History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England; 8vo, 3 vols. 
 in 6, with Portraits forming a 7th part. Oxford. Printed at the Theater, 
 An. Dom. MDCCVII. 
 
 Birch's Heads of Ilhistrious Persons of Great Britain, engraven by Mr. 
 Houbraken and Mr. Vertue, with their Lives and Characters. Large folio, 
 2 vols. London, MDCCXLIII. 
 
 Thane's (or Daniel's) British Autobiography. A Collection of Fac-similes 
 of Hand-writing of royal and illustrious Personages, with their authentic 
 Portraits. 4to. London, 1788 and 1839. 
 
 Granger's Biographical History of England, Portraits Illustrative of. 410. 
 London, 1799. 
 
 Lodge's Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain, engraved from 
 authentic Pictures in the Galleries of the Nobility and the Public Collections 
 of the Country, with biographical and historical Memoirs of their Lives and 
 Actions. Folio, 4 vols. 240 plates. London, 1821 1834. 
 
 * See Mirrovr of Maiestie, pp. 14 and 26. \ Id., pp. 22, 30, and 42.
 
 1 64 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES. 
 
 For identifying several of the ministers of State and 
 other illustrious men named in the Mirrovr of Maiestie, 
 we have found an heraldic work very serviceable, which 
 was printed four years later, in 1622. It is a small folio 
 of 392 pages, and was dedicated "To THE HIGH AND 
 MIGHTY PRINCE JAMES, King of Great Britaine, France 
 and Ireland, &c." Of English kings are emblazoned 
 twenty coats of arms, and of the nobles about 655. 
 There are also notices of the various persons whose 
 insignia are represented. The title alone may serve to 
 set forth what an intimate reference the book bears to the 
 Mirrovr of King James's Maiestie. 
 
 " A CATALOGUE and succession of the Kings, Princes, Dukes, Marquesses, 
 Earles, and Viscounts of this Realme of England since the Norman Conquest 
 to this present yeere 1622. Together with their Armes, Wiues and Children, 
 the times of their Deaths and Burials, with many of their memorable Actions. 
 Collected by RALPH BROOKE, Esquire, Yorke Herauld, and by him enlarged, 
 with amendment of diuers faults, committed by the Printer, in the time of the 
 Authors sicknesse. Quamqitisq; norit artem, in hac se exerceatS'* 
 
 A volume very similar in nature to the last, and serving 
 the same purpose, though rather later in time, has the 
 following title set within a monumental border. 
 
 "THE VNION OF HONOVR containing the armes, Matches and Issues of the 
 Kings, Dukes, Marquesses and Earles of England from the Conquest untill 
 this present yeare 1641. With the Armes of the English Viscounts and 
 Barons now being; and of the Gentry of Lincolnister. Whereunto is annexed 
 A briefe of all the Battels which have beene fought and maintained by the 
 English since the Conquest, till the yeare 1602. Collected out of the most 
 approued Authours former or moderne. By James Yorke, Black-Smith. 
 
 " London, Printed by Edward Griffin for WILLIAM LECKE, and are to be 
 sold at his Shop in Chancery-lane neare unto the Rolls. 1640." Folio. 
 
 For comparison with the Royal Arms of James and of 
 his queen, as presented in the Mirrovr, pp. i and 4, we have 
 
 * Prefixed to the copy made use of (belonging to Lee P. Townshend, Esq., 
 of Wincham Hall, Cheshire), is an exquisite ''''Portraiture of the illustrious 
 Princesse Frances Duchess ^"Richmond and Lenox ; " Anno 1623, insculftum 
 a Guilh. Passtzo Londinium. The noble lady was daughter of Thomas Lord 
 Howard of Bindon, and wife of Ludowick Stuart, Duke of Lennox. See 
 Mirrovr of Maiestie, p. 18, Emb. 10.
 
 ORNAMENTAL HERALDRY. 165 
 
 consulted the magnificent folio which bears on the reverse 
 of the title-page the treble mottoes, " Gang forward" " I 
 am ready" and " FAX MENTIS HONESTY GLORIA " 
 " Glory is the torch of the honourable mind ;" where the 
 lines may be applied, first written concerning the lilies, 
 " beautious flowires? on the shield of Ludowick Stuart,* 
 
 "These golden Buckles bordring them about, 
 A Palizado, to keepe Foulenesse out." 
 
 " Examples of the Ornamental HERALDRY of the SIXTEENH CENTVRY. 
 LONDON MDCCCLXVII." Parts I. and II. 
 
 The Royal Arms of Scotland, Edinburgh, circa 1542, 
 Jacobvs being Rex, are presented in Part II. p. 8; and 
 Edinburgh, 1566, Maria Regina, p. 22; the Royal Arms 
 of Denmark and Ducal Arms of Holstein, Hamburgh, 
 1590, p. 28; and the Royal Arms of Scotland, impaled 
 tvit/i those of Denmark, Edinburgh, 1 593 ; the motto, In 
 my defenc, God me defend, p. 3 1 . 
 
 In the same work there are also two other plates of 
 considerable interest: the one, in Part I. p. 55, bearing on 
 the claim of James to the English throne, 1587; and the 
 oilier, dated 1597, in Part II. p. 82, presenting well-executed 
 portraits of JACOBVS SEXTVS, of his son HENRICVS, and 
 of ANNA REGINA. The side ornamentation, moreover, 
 contains portraits of the sovereigns of Scotland, lACOBVS 
 PRIMVS, IACOBVS SECVNDVS, IACOBVS TERTIVS, IACOBVS 
 QVARTVS, IACOBVS QVINTVS, and MARIA REGINA. 
 
 I. Within a border of the Royal Arms of England, 
 France, Scotland, and their dependencies, is the title in 
 French of a book first published in Latin in 1578 : 
 
 "Dv DROICT ET TILTRE de la Serenissime Princesse Marie Royne 
 d'Escosse, et de tres illustre princ laques VI. Roy d'Escosse son fils, a 
 la succession du Royaume d'Angleterre. Auec la genealogie des Roys 
 d' Angleterre ay cms regnt depuis cinq cens ans. Premierement compose en 
 Latin & Anglois, par R. P. en Dieu M. lean de Lesselie Euesque de 
 Rosse, Escossois, lors qu'il estoit Ambassadeur en Angleterre pour sa Majeste, 
 & nouellement mis en Fra^ois par le mesme Autheur. " 
 
 A ROVEN De rimprimerie de George 1'Oyselet. (1587.) 
 
 * See Mirrovr of Maicstie, p. 18.
 
 166 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES. 
 
 2. Within a border of portraits of Scottish sovereigns 
 and of the Royal Arms of Scotland, in combination 
 with those of the city of Edinburgh, is the following 
 title : 
 
 "THE LAWES AND ACTES OF PARLIAMENT, maid be King lames the first 
 and his Svccessovrs, Kings of Scotldd: visied, collected and extracted furth of 
 the Register. The Contents of this Bvik ar expreemtd in the leafe following. 
 
 " EDINBVRGH Printed by Robert Waldegrave, Printer to the Kings 
 Majestic. 15 MartiiA.D. 1597." 
 
 From the several works which have thus, in pages 162 
 to 1 66, been briefly noticed, PORTRAITS or MEMOIRS 
 may be obtained of a large proportion of the persons 
 named in the Mirrovr of Maiestie, We refer to them in 
 the order of the Arms and Emblems, adding the names 
 of the authors where particulars may be found. The 
 necessary limits of our edition render their reproduction 
 in these pages impossible : 
 
 The Kings Maiestie, p. I, EMB. 2. See Holland, Clarendon, Thane, Granger. 
 
 The Queene, p. 4, EMB. 3. Holland, Birch, Granger. 
 
 The Prince, p. 6, EMB. 4. Holland, Clarendon, Granger. 
 
 The Lord Arch-bishop of Canterburie, George Abbott, p. 8, EMB. 5- Claren- 
 don, Birch, Granger. Lodge. 
 
 7^he Lord Chancellor, F. Bacon, p. 10, EMB. 6. Clarendon, Birch, Thane, 
 Lodge. 
 
 The Lord Treasurer, Thomas Howard, p. 12, EMB. 7. Thane, Granger, 
 Lodge. 
 
 The Lord Priuie Seale, Edward Somerset, p. 14, EMB. 8. Holland. 
 
 The Lord Admir all, Charles Howard, p. 16, EMB. 9. Granger. 
 
 The Duke of Lenox, Lodowick Stuart, p. 18, EMB. 10. Thane, Granger, 
 Lodge. 
 
 The Marquesse of Bitckinghame, George Villicrs, p. 20, EMB. II. Clarendon, 
 Birch, Thane, Lodge. 
 
 The Lord Chamberlaine, William Herbert, p. 22, EMB. 12. Holland, Claren- 
 don, Lodge. 
 
 The Earle of Arundell, Thomas Howard, p. 24, EMB. 13. Clarendon, Thane, 
 Lodge. 
 
 The Earle of Sortthehampton, Henry Wriothesley, p. 26, EMB. 14. Holland, 
 Granger, Lodge. 
 
 The Earle of Hertford, Edward Seymour, p. 28, EMB. 15. 
 
 The Earle of Essex, Robert Devereux, p. 30, EMB. 16. Holland, Clarendon, 
 Thane, Granger, Lodge. 
 
 The Earle of Monntgomerie, Philip Herbert, p. 34, EMB. 18. Clarendon, 
 Granger, Lodge. 
 
 The Viscount Wallingford, William Knolles, p. 38, EMB. 20. Granger.
 
 EMBLEMS AND MOTTOES. 167 
 
 The Bishop of London, John King, p. 40, EMB. 21. Granger. 
 
 The Bishop of Winchester, James Montagu, p. 42, EMB. 22. Holland's 
 
 Herowlogia, Granger. 
 
 The Bishop of Ely, Lancelot Andrews, p. 44, EMB. 23. Granger. 
 The Lord Zoitch, Edward la Zouch, p. 46, EMB. 24. Granger. 
 The Lord Chiefe Justice of the Kings Bench, Sir Henry Montagu, p. 62, 
 EMB. 32. Granger 
 
 The THIRTY-TWO EMBLEMS in the work have no great 
 degree of originality, nor of skilfulness in the design, but, 
 on the whole, if not well executed, are adapted to the noble 
 personages to whom they are addressed. From the practice 
 of the age in which the Mirrovr of Maiestie was written, 
 we must expect to meet with occasional, if not with gross, 
 flatteries ; these are evident enough, and but little adorned 
 by elegance of diction or refinement of thought. The de- 
 vices themselves, however, are generally clearly described, 
 and occasionally the character is very justly set forth, as 
 in the case of Thomas Howard, the Earl of Arundel, whose 
 symbols are the sun and a fruitful tree, that is standing on 
 a hill (p. 27). 
 
 " Know (honour'd Sir) that th' heate of Princes loue, 
 Throw'n on those reall Worths, good men approue 
 Doth, like the radiant Phcebus shining here, 
 Make fruitfull vertue at full height appeare : 
 T' illustrate this in you, were to confesse 
 How much your Goodnesse doth your Greatnesse blesse, 
 By its own warme reflexe : thus both suruiue, 
 And both i' th Sunne of Royal favour thriue 
 O may 's reuerberating rayes still nourish 
 Your noble Worths, and make your Vcrtues flourish." 
 
 The MOTTOES, in alphabetical order, and the subjects of 
 their DEVICES, we now subjoin : 
 
 Bis INTERIMITVR QVI SVIS ARMIS PERIT Twice is he slain who perishes 
 with his arms, p. 51, Emb. 29. The assailants of Christ's citadel perish- 
 ing in their own fires. 
 
 CANDIDA, SOLIDA, ET IMMOBILE* Pure, constant, and immovable, p. 23, 
 Emb. 12. Piety clasping Alethea's pillar. 
 
 CHIARO QVIETO PROFONDO E DIVINO Clea-, peaceful, deep, and divine, 
 p. 47, Emb. 24. Phrebus and the sacred Sisters at the Thespian spring. 
 
 * The incorrect Latin must sometimes be forgiven.
 
 1 68 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES. 
 
 D' ODORE IL MONDO E D' ACVTEZZA IL ciEi.o The world by sweetness, ami 
 
 the heavens by sharpness, p. 33, Emb. 17. The fir-tree. 
 ET DEO ET PATRI^ Both for God and for Country, p. 15, Emb. 8. A sword 
 
 and mailed hand on a burning altar. 
 ET TENEBR^: FACTVE SVNT And darkness arose, p. 53, Emb. 27. Black 
 
 clouds gathered over an eagle. 
 IN VTRAQVE PERFECTVS Made perfect for both offices, p. 27, Emb. 14. A 
 
 figure half Mars and half Mercury. 
 INVIDIA SVVM TORQVET AVTHOREM Envy torments its own author, p. 21, 
 
 Emb. 1 1. The envious hand drawing to itself fires from the sun. 
 lovis, APOLLINIS ET MINERVA Jove's, Apollo's, and Minerva's temple, 
 
 p. 51, Emb. 26. Statues of Jupiter, Apollo, and Minerva, 
 MERITVM SIBI MVNVS A service that is a reward to itself, p. 61, Emb. 31. 
 
 Bounty conferring favours on the needy. 
 MORIR PIV TOSTO CHE MANCAR Di FEDE Rather die at once than fail of 
 
 fidelity, p. 9, Emb. 5. The Holy Spirit in the heart amidst afflictions. 
 MvsiCA DII PLACANTVR, MvsiCA MANES By music the gods are appeased, 
 
 by music the manes, p. 35, Emb. 18. Music encircled by ears. 
 NON MANCA AL FIN SE BEN TARDA A VENIRE Divine power fails not in 
 
 the end, though slow to come, p. 19, Emb. 10. The hand of power, the 
 
 lion and the wolf. 
 NVLLVM BONVM INREMVNERATVM No good deed unrewarded, p. 3, 
 
 Emb. 2. The lion, crowned by Mercury's wand, dispensing justice and 
 
 plenty. 
 ORDINE TEMPO NVMERO E MISURO Order, time, number, and measure, 
 
 p. 37, Emb. 19. Science seated in her chair of state. 
 PACE A GLI ELETTI E GVERRA A GLi EMPi E RET Peace to the chosen, and 
 
 war to the impious and wicked, p. 49, Emb. 25. A winged lion holding 
 
 a sword. 
 PACE, FERMEZZA E FRVTTO ALL* Ai.ME APPORTO Peace, stability, and 
 
 fruit 1 bring to the said, p. 25, Emb. 13. The sun shining on a fruit- 
 bearing tree. 
 POST NVBILA PHEBUS After clouds the sun, p. 7, Emb. 4. An eagle 
 
 bearing Prince Henry's coronet and the crown, the sun shining 
 QVEI. CHE DKITTO DA IL CIEL TORCER NON PVOSSE Whatever is straight 
 from heaven cannot be twisted, p. 17, Emb. 9. A globe upheld by the 
 
 hand of Providence, and men attempting with ropes to pull the globe 
 
 aside. 
 Qvi CVRAT VIGILANS DORMIT Whoever has charge sleeps watching, p. 13, 
 
 Emb. 7- A statesman with a key keeping watch. 
 Qvis CONTRA NOS ? Who against us? p. 31, Emb. 16. Jove's arm launching 
 
 thunderbolts. 
 REX ET SACERDOS DEI King and Priest of God, p. 2, Emb. i. Crown and 
 
 mitre on a table. 
 SERO IVPITER DIPHTHERAM INSPEXIT Late hath Jupiter beheld the shepherd's 
 
 cloak, p. 43, Emb. 22. The ship of the Roman faith in storms. 
 Sic VBIQVE So everywhere, p. 63, Emb. 32. Diana with arrow and bow. 
 SOTT HVMANO SEMBIANTE EMPio VENENO Under human guise impious 
 
 poison, p. 39, Emb. 20. The sycophant playing with a cur at his 
 
 feet. 
 SVB VMBRA ALARVM TVARVM Under the shadow of thy wings, p. n, 
 
 Emb. 6. The sheep pursued by a wolf seeking an eagle's wings.
 
 PEA CHAM S MINER VA. 169 
 
 TEMPVS CORONAT INDVSTRIAM Time crowns industry, p. 55, Emb. 28. 
 
 Time presenting a wreath to a traveller. 
 VNICA ETERNA AL MON DO The only eternal bird in the world, p. 5, Emb. 3. 
 
 A Phoenix on the funereal fire. 
 VNVM COR, v.\vs DEVS, VNA RELIGIO One heart, one God, one religion, 
 
 p. 29, Emb. 15. The hands of Providence clasping a bleeding heart, 
 
 within a wreath of laurel, olive, and palm. 
 VNVM ET ALTERVM DiviNVM One and the other, i. e. both divine, p. 45, 
 
 Emb. 23. A bud, half rose, half pomegranate. 
 VIRTVS VNITA FORTIOR United virtue the stronger, p. 59, Emb. 30. A 
 
 figure half scholar, half knight. 
 Without motto, p. 41, Emb. 21. The triple crown surmounting a shield, 
 
 within which is displayed Falsehood seated on a seven-headed monster 
 
 and presenting her cup of witchery. 
 
 A curious, though not very rare volume, Peacham's 
 MINERVA BRITANNA, 4to, 1612, described at pp. 85-87, 
 may be looked upon as the herald of the Mirrovr of 
 Maicstie. Published in the same reign, it devotes several 
 of its Emblems, Mottoes, and Devices to noble personages 
 who flourished under James I. Some Emblems assumed 
 by the king, or by his ancestors, we have noted at 
 pp. 67, 68 ; and others, suitable to our work, and having 
 a natural connexion with it, we now select ; their Photo- 
 lith reproductions, and some of Italian and Dutch origin, 
 constitute the ILLUSTRATIVE PLATES of our volume, and 
 whether ornamental or not, are undoubtedly appropriate. 
 
 I. From the Minerva Britanna, 1612. See Plate I. 
 
 Plate I. The TITLE-PAGE of Peacham's Emblems. 
 
 Plate II. p. I. Nisi desnper Unless from above. To my dread Soveraigne 
 
 lames, King of Great Britaine, &c. 
 Plate III. p. II. Sic pacem habemus So have we peace. To the High and 
 
 mightie James, King of greate Britaine. 
 Plate IV. p. 31. Protegere Regium To defend Royalty. JAMES, King of 
 
 great Britaine. 
 Plate V. p. 45. Hibernica Respub. ad lacobitm Regem The Irish Republic 
 
 to King James. 
 Plate VI. p. 145. Ex vtroque Immortalitas Immortality from each. Ad 
 
 pijssimum lacobum magnse Britannioe Regem. 
 Hate VII. p. 13. In Anna rejnantium arbor Of those reigning in Anna 
 
 the tree. To the Thrice-vertuovs and fairest of Qveenes, Anne Qveene 
 
 of Great Britaine. 
 Plate VIII. p. 18. E corpore pulchro Gratior More beloved from a fair 
 
 form. To the RIGHT NOBLE and most towardly Yovng Prince, CHARLES 
 
 DVKE OF YORKE. 
 
 P
 
 1 70 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES. 
 
 Plate IX. p. 34. Ex malis moribtis boncz leges Good laws arise from evil 
 
 manners. To the most iudicious and learned Sir FRANCIS BACON, 
 
 Knight. 
 Plate X. p. 20. His servire To serve for these. To the Right Honourable 
 
 and my singular good Lord HENRY HOWARD, Earle of Northampton, 
 
 Lord Privie Scale, &c.* 
 Plate XL p. 102. Distantia iungo Distant things I unite. To the thrice 
 
 Noble, and excellent Prince, Ludtnnick Duke of Lennox. 
 Plate XII. p. 21. Gloria Principum The glory of Princes. To the right 
 
 truely Noble, and most Honourable Lord, WILLIAM, Earle of Pembrooke. 
 Plate XIII. p. 23. His ornari aut tnorl By these to be adorned or to die. 
 
 To the right Honourable, and most Noble Lord, HENRY, Earle of South- 
 ampton. 
 Plate XIV. p. 9. Psalmi Davidici Psalms of David. To the Right Reverend 
 
 Father in GOD, IOHN, Bishop of London. 
 Plate XV. p. 28. His altiora Things loftier than these. To the honourable 
 
 the Lord Wootton. 
 
 II. From Choice Symbols of Heroes, 1619. 
 Selectorum Symbolrvm Heroicorvm, &c. See Plate XVI. 
 
 A small 8vo Vol. i-55d. by .95 ; or 6.1 Eng. in. by 3. 14; device plates 
 about . 5$d. square. There are i 406 pages numbered, initial 16 and final 
 26 unnumbered : total, 448 pages. 
 
 Contents, pp. (2 13) Dedication, " Illustribvs ac Magnificis Dominis 
 Burgo-grauiis et Baronibus," &c. ; (14, 15) Laudatory verses by Gothardvs 
 Arthvsivs and Ivlivs Gvil. Zincgreffivs ; pp. i 406, " Electorvm Symbolorvm 
 Heroicorvm Centuria Gemma." At the end, p. 26, "Index Herovm," and 
 " Elenchvs Rervm et Verborvm." 
 
 The 200 Emblems have each a Latin motto, a well-executed device in a 
 circle, and Latin notes. They are dedicated to various emperors, kings, &c. , 
 whom the author supposes to be heroes. The work is of considerable interest, 
 and truly a Mirror of Majesty. 
 
 From their relation to our own Reprint, we present a 
 few of the subjects : 
 
 Plate XVI. TITLE-PAGE. Francofvrti, 1619. 
 
 Plate XVII. p. 191. HENRICVS VIII Angliae, Francice et Hyberniae Rex. 
 
 SECVRITAS ALTERA A second safeguard. 
 Plate XVIII. p. 193. IDEM. RVTILANS ROSA SINE SPINA The red rose 
 
 without a thorn. 
 Plate XIX. p. 195. IACOBVS Anglias, Galliae, Scotia? et Hybernise Rex. 
 
 PRO ME si MEREOR IN ME For me if I deserve against me. 
 Plate XX. p. 197. IDEM. NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT No one unpunished 
 
 provokes me. 
 
 .* Not in the Mirrovr of Maiatie.
 
 SYMEONI'S IMPRESE. 171 
 
 Plate XXI. p. 199. IACOBVS I STVARTVS Rex Scotiae. PRO LEGE ET PRO 
 
 I;KKGK For law and for people. 
 Plate XXII. p. 201. ROBKRTVS STVARTVS Rex Scotiae. VANITAS VANI- 
 
 TATVM ET OMNIA VANITAS Vanity of vanities, and all things vanity. 
 Plate XXIII. p. 207. FRIDERICVS Danise, Norvegiae, Seland. Gothor. Rex. 
 
 FEDELTA E COSA RARA Fidelity is a rare thing. 
 Plate XXIV. p. 209. CHRISTIERNVS SECVNDVS Danise, Norvegiae, Selandiae, 
 
 Goth. Rex. DIMICANDVM We must fight. 
 
 III. From the SENTENTIOUS EMBLEMS of Symeoni, 
 
 1560. 
 
 A very numerous class of illustrations might be obtained 
 from works in which the Emblems and some heraldic 
 badge, or coat of arms, are blended together. Two or 
 three examples will indicate the nature of such works ; 
 they are from the Italian of Gabriel Symeoni, 1509-1570, 
 a Florentine and an historian ; and of Battista Pittoni, a 
 painter and engraver, born at Vicenza, in 1508, and still 
 living in 1585. Their volumes are very superior to the 
 Mirrovr of Maiestie, but constructed on the same plan 
 of commemorating men of rank and of historic eminence. 
 
 LE SENTENTIOSE IMPRESE, &c. See Plate XXV. 
 
 4to Vol. 2. i6d. by 1.6; or 8.5 Eng. in. by 6.29 ; full pages 1.45 d. by 
 1.25 ; devices .81 d. by 2.04. 
 
 REG. a4 + 4b q4 r3=7i leaves, or 142 pages; unnumbered init. 8, num- 
 bered i 134 ; total, 142 pai^es. 
 
 CONTENTS (p. i), Title (2 7), "Al potentissimo et magnanimos. Eman- 
 uel Filiberto, Dvca di Savoie, di Ciablaye & di Agosta, Principe di Piamonte, 
 Conte di Brassi, di Nozza & d'Asti, Signor di Vercelli, &c. Gabriel Symeoni 
 felicita continoua & Salute." "In Lione el di xi d' Octobre M.n.uc. EvSoxia 
 Magnum magna decent." On 4 pp. " Tavola della Imprese dell' autore." On 
 i p. " Nuova Impressa del 1'Avtore." On 4 pp. " Avtori allegati nel Dialog.," 
 
 &C. ; pp. 9 124, "TETRASTICH! MORALI." 
 
 The Emblems, including the "nvova Impressa," are 127, 
 each with a dedication, a device, motto, and Italian stanza 
 of four lines. The 127 devices are beautifully executed, 
 and consist of an oval design and scroll within a richly- 
 ornamented border. The Photoliths selected are 
 
 Plate XXV. Title-page of " LE SENTENTIOSE IMPRESE." 
 
 Plate XXVI. p. 9. Imprese, per I DVCA ET DVCHESSA m SAVOIA.
 
 172 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES. 
 
 Plate XXVII. p. 19. DEL RE ET REINA DI NAVARRA. 
 
 Plate XXVIII. p. 45. IMPRESSE del Vescovo Giovio, &c. Di CARLO V. 
 
 IMPERATORE. 
 
 Plate XXIX. p. 56. De Papa Lione X. 
 Plate XXX. p. 127. Del 1'Alciato. 
 
 IV. From Pittoni's EMBLEMS OF PRINCES, &c., 
 1566-1568. 
 
 IMPRESE DE DIVERSI PRINCIPE, DVCHI, SIGNORI, &c. 
 See Plate XXXI. 
 
 Large 4to Vol. 2.75 decim. by 2.03 ; or 10.82 Eng. inches by 7.99. Device 
 plates 2 d. by 1.62. No register nor signatures. 
 
 CONTENTS, Pt. I. M.D.LXVI. On 3 pp. a Dedication, "All' illvstre Signore 
 il Conte Hippolito Porto, Condottiere di Gente d' arme della excellentissima 
 Rep. Venetiana." " Battista Pittoni. " On 50 leaves as many plates. 
 
 Pt. II. M.D.LXVIII. On I p. "Al molto Magnifico et excellente S.mio 
 Oss. il S. Cavaliero Giulio Capri." " Di Venetia il x di Giugno,MDLXVlll." 
 " Battista Pittoni." On 48 leaves as many plates. 
 
 The Impresas or Emblems are 98, each with Device 
 and Motto, Dedication and a Stanza by Lodovico Dolce, 
 well known for his Dialogo della Pittnra, 8vo, Venezia, 
 1557; and for his Vita di Carlo V., 4to, in Vinegia, 1567.* 
 Like the Mirrovr of Maiestie, Pittoni's Emblems have no 
 other text nor explanation. Splendid borders surround 
 the Emblems, which have the mottoes in their centres. 
 There is also a border around each dedication and its 
 stanza. 
 
 The following Plates have been selected : 
 
 Plate XXXI. The Title-page of Pittoni's EMBLEMS. 
 
 Plate XXXII. p. 3. De 1' Imperador Ferdinando I. 
 
 Plate XXXIII. p. 29. Del Capitan Girolamo Mathei Romano. 
 
 Plate XXXIV. p. 43. Della Reina di Francia. 
 
 Plate XXXV. p. 43. Del S. Titiano Pittore. 
 
 Plate XXXVI. Del S. Girolomo Ruscelli. 
 
 * The fine title-page of this work is one of the numerous ornaments of " THE 
 CHIEF VICTORIES OF THE EMPEROR CHARLES THE FIFTH." By Sir William 
 Stirling-Maxwell, Bart. Large folio. London and Edinburgh, 1870.
 
 MIRROR OF HEROES. 173 
 
 V. From Hillaire's Mirror of Heroes. MDCXIII. 
 
 SPECVLVM HEROICVM Principis omnium temporum 
 Poetarum, HoMERI, &c. See Plate XXXVII. 
 
 4to Vol. 2. 02 decim. by 1.57 ; or 7.95 Eng. in. by 6. 18 ; full pages 1.65 d. 
 by 1.58 ; device plates .83 d. by 1.25. 
 
 REG. *4 B 04=28 leaves, unnumbered. 
 
 CONTENTS, *i Title, with Effigies of Homer. *iv, Latin, Greek, and 
 French Stanzas on Homer's Effigies, by Marvllvs, Henricvs Stephanvs, and 
 I. Ant. de Baif. *2 4 " Avsonii Bvrdegalensis Viri Con. et Poetse elegan. 
 ingenii Periochae (xxim) in Iliadem." *qu. Portrait and Latin stanza, 
 " Nobilis Vir Isacq. Hilariq. Drris in Riviere A 1613." Sig. Bl 64. The 
 24 plates for the 24 chief events in the 24 books of Homer's Iliad, with a 
 Latin stanza of four lines to each plate. And also with Latin and French 
 descriptive verses below each engraving. 
 
 The Plates, finely designed and executed, are by Crispin 
 de Passe, and are in marked contrast with the imperfect 
 type and negligent printing of the letter-press. It is a col- 
 lection of engravings much sought for, but good copies, like 
 the present, are rare. 
 
 The illustrative Photoliths from this work are 
 
 Plate XXXVII. The title of the SPECULVM HEROICVM. 
 Plate XXXVIII. Lib. iii. Combat between Paris and Menelaus. 
 Plate XXXIX. Lib. vi. The conversation of Hector and Andromache. 
 Plate XL. Lib. xxiv. Achilles, warned by Jove, surrenders the body of 
 Hector. 
 
 These works, similar in title and in subject to the 
 Mirrovr of Maicstie, would well reward a fuller research 
 and a closer examination. Some of them are peculiarly rich 
 in artistic ornamentation, and manifest how high a place 
 was assigned to the adorning of books intended as well to 
 amuse as to instruct, and to the holding forth of worth and 
 dignity to the admiration of mankind. The purpose was at 
 times much over-wrought, and the characters selected were 
 not always suitable for presentation before a Mirrour of 
 untarnished honour ; yet no age of the world will betoken 
 true progress if there shall be no worship of heroes, nor 
 regard for those who are mighty in mental and moral 
 power.
 
 174 
 
 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES. 
 
 Thus we conclude the fac-simile Reprint of the MlRROVR 
 OF MAIESTIE, a production of little merit in itself, but, 
 from its extreme rarity, deserving a place on the shelves 
 of book-collectors. It has, too, some historical interest, 
 from representing one of the tastes and pursuits of the age 
 in which it appeared. 
 
 H. G.
 
 ( 175 ) 
 
 GENERAL INDEX, 
 
 ABBOT, George, Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury, Arms and Emb. named, 9, 
 
 91; Annotations on, in ; portraits, 
 
 where, 166. 
 Achilles surrenders the body of Hector, 
 
 178; Emb., PL xl. 
 Admiral, the Lord, see Nottingham, Earl 
 
 of. 
 
 yEschylus describes heraldic insignia, 98. 
 Aikin's Afem. of Court of James I., 91. 
 Alciat's Emblems Eng. version, 1551, 
 
 715 ; several in Whitney, 80 ; Yates 
 
 MS. of, 88. 
 
 Alciato, 172; Emb., PL xxx. 
 Ames's Antiquities of Printing, 75. 
 Andrews, Lancelot, Bishop of Ely, Arms 
 
 and Emb., 44; Annotations on, 140; 
 
 named, 91 ; portraits, where, 166. 
 Anjou, Geoffrey of, his badge Plantage- 
 
 nista, 100. 
 Anne of Denmark, queen of James I., 
 
 Arms and Emb. , 4 ; Annotations on, 
 
 106 109 ; portraits, where, 161 ; Em- 
 blem of, PI. vii. 
 Annotations on the Armorial Bearings 
 
 and Noble Personages, 97 159. 
 Armorial distinctions, the earliest, a 
 
 wolf and a dog, by Anubis and Macedo, 
 
 99- 
 Arms, assumed, 103 ; the bearing of, 
 
 allowed by law, Hen. V., 104 ; the 
 
 best test of "gentle blood," 104. 
 Arms of personages in the Mirrovr, I 64. 
 Arms, royal, of Scotland, 165 ; Denmark, 
 
 165 ; ducal, of Holstein, 165. 
 Arthur, son of Henry VII., assumed the 
 
 feather badge, 101. 
 Arundel, Earl of, Thomas Howard, Arms 
 
 and Emb., 24 ; Annotations on, 125 ; 
 
 his fame as a collector of art, 91. 
 
 BACON, Sir Francis, the Lord Chan- 
 cellor, Arms and Emb., 10"; named, 
 
 91; Annotations on, 113; portrait, 
 
 where, 166 ; Emb., PI. ix. 
 Badges, or personal cognizances, M. 
 
 Valerius, 99 ; Clifford, Warwick, 
 
 Richard II., &c., IOO 102. 
 Barclay's Shyp of Folys of the World, 1509, 
 
 account of, 73-4. 
 Barkham, Dr., Display of Heraldry, 1601, 
 
 attributed to him, 85. 
 Barrihgton's Lectures on Heraldry, 100. 
 Bellay, Les Oeuvnes du, 76, 79 ; transla- 
 tions from, by Spenser, 79. 
 Bible, True and Lyvely Portrcatures of, 
 
 ISS3, 75- 
 
 Birch's Heads of Ilhistnous Personages, 
 1743, 163. 
 
 Bidpay, or Pilpay, fables, 78. 
 
 Black Prince, and badge of ostrich fea- 
 thers, doubtful if from Crescy, on his 
 tomb at Canterbury, 101. 
 
 Boleyn, Queen Anne, her device, 68. 
 
 Book-collector, foolish, description of, 73- 
 
 Boutell's Heraldry, Historical and Popu- 
 lar, 100. 
 
 Brandt's Narren Schyff, 1494, 73. 
 
 Brooke's Cat. and Succ. of the Kings, 
 &<:. of England, 1622, 164. 
 
 Buckingham, Marquess of, George Vil- 
 liers, Arms and Emb., 20 ; Annotations 
 on, 122 ; portraits of, where, 166. 
 
 Burke's Encyclopedia of Heraldry, 100. 
 
 Bylling's Five Wounds of Christ, 1400, 
 70. 
 
 Bynneman's Translation of Vander Noot's 
 Theatre, 1569 Spenser's epigrams, 79. 
 
 c 
 
 ANTERBURY, Archbishop of, sec 
 Abbot.
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Carew, the Lord, George Carew, Arms 
 and Emb., 58 ; Annotations on, 150. 
 
 Catalogue of personages unto whom the 
 Mirrovr is appropriated, sign. A2. 
 
 Chamberlain, the Lord, see Pembroke. 
 
 Chancellor, the Lord, see Bacon. 
 
 Charles V., Emperor, Twelve Victories of, 
 172 ; Emb., PL xxviii. 
 
 Charles, Duke of York, Prince of Wales, 
 Emb. and Arms, 6 ; Annotations on, 
 109; portraits, where, 166 ; Emb., 
 PL viii. 
 
 Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, Romaunt of the 
 Rose, Emb., 65 ; Well of Love, 66. 
 
 Chief Justices, the three lords, Arms and 
 Emb., 62, 63 ; Annotations on, 154 
 158 ; see Hobart, Montagu, and Tan- 
 field. 
 
 Christiernus II., king of Denmark, 171 ; 
 Emb., PL xxiv. 
 
 Clarendon's Hist, of Eng., 1707, 163. 
 
 Coat-armour, or coats of arms, 103. 
 
 Cognizances of various nations, 98 ; kings, 
 100; and nobles, 101-2. 
 
 Coke's test of " gentle blood," 104. 
 
 Collier's Bibliog. and Crit. Cat. of early 
 Eng. Lit. on Wyrley, 80; on Willet, 
 82 ; on Peacham, 87. 
 
 Colours, Emblems for Faith, Hope, 
 Charity, 77, 78. 
 
 Combe's Theater of fine Devises, 1592, 
 8l ; his translation from Perriere, 80. 
 
 Complaint of Duke of Buckingham, 160. 
 
 Corser, Rev. T. , of Stand, his copy of 
 Mirrovr of Maiestie, 89 ; once belonged 
 to Lodge, sold for ,36, 93, p. vi. 
 
 Cromwell, Lord, his Impresas, 86. 
 
 Crosse, his Covert MS., about 1600, 84. 
 
 Crusades, their effect on heraldry, 103. 
 
 Crusaders, their cognizances, 103. 
 
 DANIELL'S Worthy Tract of Pau- 
 Ins louius, 1585, 77. 
 Darcie, the Lord, his Arms and Emb., 
 
 52 ; Annotations on, 148. 
 Denmark, kings of, Emblems, 69 ; arms 
 
 of, 165. 
 De Strada's Symbola Div. et Hum., 1601, 
 
 67. 
 Diodorus, his notice of military ensigns, 
 
 98. 
 Domenichi's Ragionamento, 1556, 77. 
 
 Doni's Mondi, &c., 1552-3, 78. 
 
 Dorset, Earl of, Richard Sackville, Arms 
 and Emb., 32 ; notice of, 91. 
 
 Dorset, Earl of, Thomas Sackville, 
 Misery, Sleep, and Old Age, 67 ; extra- 
 ordinary man of genius, 91; Annotations 
 on, 132. 
 
 Drawing and Limning, 1612, Peacham's, 
 87. 
 
 Drayton's Legends, 1596, 95 ; dedica- 
 tion of his Odes, 1619, to Sir Henry 
 Good ere, 95-6. 
 
 Dugdale's Monasticon Aug., testimony to 
 Lydgate, 72. 
 
 Dunbar's Dance of the Seven Deadly Sins 
 Pride, 66. 
 
 Dyalogjis Creaturarum, 1480, 74. 
 
 EDWARD I., II., and III., Edward 
 the Black Prince, Edward VI., 
 their Emblems, 68, 86, 87. 
 
 Edward IV., a faulcon in fetterlock, 100; 
 the sun in splendour, 101. 
 
 Elizabeth's badges and mottoes, 68. 
 
 Ely, Bishop of, see Andrews. 
 
 Emblem-books, English, previous to A. I). 
 1618, 65 96. 
 
 Emblems in early English poets, 65, 66. 
 
 Emblems, thirty-two in the Mirrovr of 
 Maiestie^ 167 ; Mottoes and Devices, 167 
 169. 
 
 England's Eliza, 160. 
 
 English Sovereigns and their Emblems, 
 67-8. 
 
 English Nobles and Gentry, and their 
 Emblems, 69. 
 
 English Versions of Emblem books 
 Brandt's, 1509, 73 ; Dial, of Creatures, 
 74 ; Portreatures of the ivoll Bible, 
 1553; Images of the Old Testament, 
 1549 ; Story s and Prophesis, 1535 ; of 
 Alciat, 1551; Tryumphes of Petrarcke, 
 I 56o> 75; Visions, by Spenser, 76; 
 Worthy Tract of Patilus louhis, 77 ; 
 North's Motall Philosophic of Doni, 
 1570; Paradin's Heroicall Devises, 
 1591, 78 ; Bynneman's Theatre, 1569, 
 79 ; Emblemes of Love, 85 ; Alciat, 
 about 1600, MS., 88. 
 
 Essex, Earl of, Robert Devereux, Arms 
 and Emb., 30; Annotations on, 131 ; 
 Emblems noted, 86; among "Illustrious
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 177 
 
 and Heroyicall Princes," 91 ; portrait, 
 where, 1 66. 
 Exercise, the Gentleman's, 1612, 87. 
 
 F'AERNO, Gabriel, quoted in Whit- 
 ney, 80. 
 
 Feather badge, account of, 101. 
 Ferdinando I., Emperor, 172; Emb. , 
 
 PI. xxxii. 
 Fewterer's Myrrour of Chrisfs Passion, 
 
 161. 
 France, Queen of, 1 72 ; Emb. , PI. 
 
 xxxiv. 
 
 Fraunce's Insigniiim, &c., 1588, 80. 
 Fredericus, king of Denmark, 171; Emb. , 
 
 PI. xxiii. 
 Fuller's Worthies praise of Wilier, 81. 
 
 G(H.), initials of the author of the 
 . Mirrovr, interpreted to be the 
 ciphers of Sir Henry Goodere, 93, 94, 
 95 5 signature also to the Reprint, 96. 
 
 Gaunt, John of, alluded to, 100. 
 
 Giovio's Dialogo, 77. 
 
 Glassefor Gamesters, 161. 
 
 Goodere, Sir Henry, supposed author of 
 the Mirrovr, 93, 94, 95, 96. 
 
 Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng., 1799, 163. 
 
 Green's Mirro itr for the Ladies of Eng- 
 land, 161 ; Penelope s Web, 161. 
 
 Green's reprint of Whitney, 80. 
 
 Guguin's Mirouer historial de France, 
 1516, 161. 
 
 Guillim's Display of Heraldry, 1610, 85. 
 
 HASLEWOOD'S Dial, of Creatures 
 moralysed, 1816, 74. 
 
 Haye, the Lord James, Arms and Emb. , 
 60 ; Annotations on, 152. 
 
 Hazlitt's, W. C. , Handbook of Early Eng. 
 Lit. on Bynneman, 79 ; on Combe, 
 8 1 ; on Peacham, 85 ; on Mirrovr of 
 Maiestie, 89 ; on its authorship, 93. 
 
 Hector and Andromache, conversation, 
 173 ; Emb., PI. xxxix. 
 
 Henry I., II., IV., V., VII., and VIII., 
 of England, their Emblems, 67, 68, 
 86. * 
 
 Henry VIII., Emb., 170; PI. xvii. and 
 xviii. 
 
 Herald and emblematist in close alli- 
 ance, 78. 
 
 Heraldic blazonry systematized, IO2 ; of 
 
 use in the Crusades, 103. 
 Heraldic symbolism in extensive use, 97, 
 
 98 ; of ancient adoption, 98. 
 Heraldry uses the same as Emblems, 97; 
 
 an organized system, as in badges, 99. 
 Hertford, Earl of, Edward Seymour, 
 
 Arms and Emb., 28 ; Annotations on, 
 
 129. 
 Hie, hac, hoc taceatis, saying of Edmund 
 
 of Langley, 101. 
 Hillaire's Speculum Heroicum Homeri, 
 
 &>c., 1613, 173; Emb. PL Title, 
 
 xxxvii. ; other Plates, xxxviii. xl. 
 Hobart, Sir Henry, Lord Chief Justice 
 
 of Common Pleas, Arms and Emb., 
 
 62 ; Annotations on, 155. 
 Holland's Booke of Kings, 1618, 162; 
 
 list of portraits named, 162. 
 Holland's Book of Heroes, 1620, 163. 
 Honour in its Perfection, 1624, 91. 
 Howard, Thomas, see Earl of Suffolk. 
 Huth's, Mr., copy of Mirrovr of Maiestie, 
 
 89 ; Poetical Miscellanies, 93. 
 
 TMPRESAS of Englishmen, 86; Sy- 
 
 _|_ meoni's Sententiose Imprese, 171 ; 
 
 Pittoni's Imprese di diversi Principi, 
 
 &c., 172. 
 
 Induction, the, by Thomas Sackville, 1 60. 
 
 TAMES I., of England, taste for Em- 
 I blems, 70 ; Arms and Emb., I, 2, 3 ; 
 
 Annotations on, 105 ; Arms and 
 
 Mottoes, 164, 169, 170; portraits, 
 
 where, 162, 166 ; Emblems of, PI. ii. 
 
 vi. , xiy., xx. 
 James III., of Scotland, and IV. and V., 
 
 Embs. , 70; portraits mentioned, 165, 
 James I., cf Scotland, portrait, 165 ; 
 
 Emb., 171, PI. xxi. 
 Jesus the Well of grate, 70, 71. 
 Junius, Hadrian, Emblems in Whitney, 
 
 80. 
 
 KEIR (Scotland), most extensive 
 Emblem- book library there, 75. 
 Kent, Joan of, Emb. a white hart, 100. 
 King, the, see James I., of England. 
 King, John, see Bishop of London. 
 Knights, names and arms of, 1485 
 1624, 69. 
 
 Q
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 L 
 
 ANCASTER, John of, 87. 
 
 Langley, Edmund, impress, a falcon in a 
 fetterlock, 100. 
 
 Leeu, Gerard, of Gouda, 74. 
 
 Leigh's Accidens of Armory, 1562, 79. 
 
 Leigh, Sir Henry, his Emblems, 86. 
 
 Lennox, Duke of, Lodowick Stuart, 
 Arms and Emb., 18 ; Annotations on, 
 1 20; Chamb. and Admiral of Scot- 
 land, 91 ; portrait, where, 166; Emb., 
 170, PL xi. 
 
 Lennox, Duchess of, portrait, where, 164. 
 
 Leo X., 172; Emb., PL xxix. 
 
 Le Vasseur's Devises dcs Empereurs Ro- 
 mains, 1 608, 67. 
 
 Lisle, Lord Viscount, Robert Sidney, 
 Arms and Emb., 36 ; Annotations on, 
 136; brother of Sir P. Sidney, 91. 
 
 Lodge's Portraits of Illust. Persons of Gt. 
 Britain notice of the Mirrovr, 92, 93 ; 
 title, 163. 
 
 London, Bishop of, John King, 91 ; Anns 
 and Emb., 41 ; Annotations on, 138 ; 
 no motto, 89; portrait, where, 166 ; 
 Emb., 170, PL xiv. 
 
 Looking-glass for England, 161; Ireland, 
 161. 
 
 \ ,orenzo the Magnificent, his symbol of 
 Faith, Hope, Charity, 77. 
 
 Lunettes des Princes, 1493, 162. 
 
 Lydgate's Dance of Macaber, 66; account 
 of, 71 ; Life and Death of Hector, 71 ; 
 knowledge of Emblems, St. Ed- 
 mund's banner, 72. 
 
 MACHABRE, Daunceof, 1541, 71; 
 set up at St. Paul's, Henry VI. 
 pulled down in 1549, 71. 
 
 Magistrates, Mirror of, Lord Sackville's 
 description of Misery, &c. , 67. 
 
 Mary, Queen, her emblems, 68. 
 
 Meres' Wits Commonwealth, names se- 
 veral emblematists, 81. 
 
 Mir or des esc o Hers, 161. 
 
 Mirouer historial de France, 161. 
 
 Mirour of Monsters, 160. 
 
 Mirovrfor Magistrates, 160. 
 
 Mirrhor, mete for all Mothers, &>c., 160. 
 
 Mirror great variety of works with this 
 title, 159-161. 
 
 Mirror of Magistrates, 67. 
 
 Mirror, Mariners, 161. 
 
 Mirror of Martyrs, 160. 
 
 Mirro tier des femmes vertueuses, 161. 
 
 Alirroure of Gold, 159. 
 
 Mirronr, Ideas, 161. 
 
 Mirronrfor the Ladies, 161. 
 
 Mirrour of Madness, 159. 
 
 Mirrovrfor Man, 159. 
 
 Mirrour of his Maiesties present govern- 
 ment, 161. 
 
 Mirrovr of Mutalnlitie, 1 60. 
 
 Mirrovr of Policie, 1598, 83. 
 
 Mirrovr of Princely deeds, 1 6 1 . 
 
 MIRROVR of MAIESTIK, 1618, Title, 
 Dedication, and Catalogue of Names, 
 Ai-A4; Arms and Emblems, 1-63; 
 rarity of, 89 ; thirty-three coats of 
 arms, thirty-two emblems, twelve 
 Knights of the Garter, 89 ; rank of the 
 persons, 90 ; estimate of the work, 90; 
 bishops, officers of State, and other 
 nobles, 91 ; Lodge's account of the 
 work, 92 ; Corser's copy used for this 
 reprint, 93 ; authorship, 93 96. 
 
 Montagu, James, see Bishop of Win- 
 chester. 
 
 Montagu, Sir Henry, Lord Chief Justice 
 of King's Bench, arms, 62 ; named, 
 91; Annotations on, 154; portrait, 
 where, 167. 
 
 Montgomery, Earl of, Philip Herbert, 
 Arms and Emb., 34; Annotations on, 
 134 ; Amoi~vm Emblcmata, 1 608, de- 
 dicated to, 85 ; portrait, where, 166. 
 
 More, Sir Thomas, Emblems by him, 
 72 ; their subjects, 73 86. 
 
 Mottoes and Emblems of English Sove- 
 reigns, 6,7-8, 100; of the Mirrovr of 
 Maiestie, 167-8; from the Minerva Bri- 
 tanna, 169 ; from Selectorvtn Symbolo- 
 riim, 170; from Symeone's /;;//;*, 171 ; 
 from Pittoni's Imprest, 172 ; from Hil- 
 laire's Spectilvm Heroicvm, 1 73. 
 
 Myrror, Christ all, or Penelope's Web, 161. 
 
 Myrrovr of Chrisf s Passion, 161. 
 
 Myrrour of good Matters, 1516, 74- 
 
 Myrronr of the Worlde, 161. 
 
 NAVARRE, King and Queen of, 
 172; Emb., PL xxvii. 
 Neugebaverus, his Select. Symbolorvm 
 Heroicvm, 1619, 67 69 ; Illustrative
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 179 
 
 Plates from, namely PI. xvi., xvii., xviii., 
 xix., xx., xxi., xxii., xxiii., and xxiv. 
 
 North's Moratt Philosophic of Doni, 1570, 
 7 8. 
 
 Northampton, Earl of, Henry Howard, 
 170; Emb., PI. x. 
 
 Nottingham, Earl of, Charles Howard, 
 Arms and Emb., Lord Admiral, 16, 
 91 ; Annotations on, 119 ; Winter 
 Ni^hfs Vision, 160 ; portrait, where, 
 166. 
 
 OLD TESTAMENT, the Images of, 
 1549, 75- 
 Ormond, courageous, Lisle and Say, 87. 
 
 PARADIN'S Devises heroiques, 1557, 
 translated into Eng., 1591, 78; in 
 Whitney, 80. 
 
 Paris and Menelaus, combat between, 
 173 ; Emb., PL xxxviii. 
 
 Parker's Trytimphcs of Fraunces Pe- 
 trarcke, 1560, 75. 
 
 Peacham's Minerva Britanna, testimony 
 to Eng. emblems, 69, 70, 86 ; various 
 works of his, 8688 ; plates illustrative 
 of the Mirrovr of Maiestie, from Mi- 
 nerva Britanna, list of, 169, 170, PL i. 
 Title, and ii. to xv. inclusive. 
 
 Pembroke, Earl of, William Herbert, 
 ' Lord Chamberlain ; Arms and Emb., 
 22, 91 ; Annotations on, 124; Amorvm 
 Emblemata, 1608, dedicated to, 85 ; 
 portrait, where, 166 ; Emb., 170, 
 Plate xii. 
 
 Penelopes Web, 161. 
 
 Pergaminus, N., author of Dyalogns 
 CREATURARUM, 141)1 cent., 74. 
 
 Perriere's Theatre des bons Engins, I539> 
 fragment of a transl., 75; Were Combe's 
 Emblems from this? 81. 
 
 Personal heraldic signs or cognizances, 99. 
 
 Petrarcha, Gli Trinmphi del, 150x3, trans- 
 lated into English 1560, 75 ; Visions, 
 7 6. 
 
 Phoenix, the, from Petrarch, 76. 
 
 Pilpay, or Bidpay, fables of, 78. 
 
 Pittoni's Imprcse di Diversi Principi, &c. , 
 172 ; title, PI. xxxi. 
 
 Plantagenisla, emblem of humility, borne 
 by Geoffrey of Anjou, 100 ; whence 
 Plantagenets, 100. 
 
 Portraits named in Ornamental Heraldry, 
 
 165. 
 Portraits of personages in Mirrovr of 
 
 Maiestie, where found, 166. 
 Prince, the, see Charles I. 
 Privy seal, the, see Worcester, Earl of. 
 
 r\UADRIN\S Hist, de la Bible, and 
 ^ Eng. version, 1553, 75. 
 Queen, the, see Anne of Denmark. 
 
 T) EUSNER, an Emblematist, 81. 
 
 K 
 
 Richard II., Emblem and Motto, 68; 
 
 favourite badge, a white hart, 100. 
 Robert Stuart, 171 ; Emb., PL xxii. 
 Romano, Captain G. M., 172 ; Emb., 
 
 PL xxxiii. 
 Ruscelli's Discorso, 1556, 77 '> Imprese 
 
 illustre, 77; Pittoni's Emb. of, 172, 
 
 PL xxxvi. 
 
 s. 
 
 (P.), Heroic all De^nses, 1591, 78. 
 
 Sackville, Richard and Thomas, see 
 
 Dorset, Earl of. 
 Sambucus, Emblematist, in Whitney, 
 
 80, 81. 
 Savoy, Duke and Duchess of, 171 ; Emb., 
 
 PL xxvi. 
 Say, named, 87. 
 Scotland, Kings of Emblems named, 
 
 69; given in PL xix. xxii. ; Arms of, 
 
 named, 165; Arms impaled with those 
 
 of Denmark, 165. 
 Scotland, Lawes and Actes of Parl. of, 
 
 1597, 1 66. 
 
 Sendebar, Parables of, 78. 
 Seymour, Edward, see Hertford, Earl of. 
 Shakespeare's allusions to cognizances, 
 
 IOI, IO2. 
 
 Shield, embellished, 98. 
 
 Sidney, Sir P., Covnlessc of Pembroke's 
 Arcadia shows knowledge of emblems, 
 69 ; see also 77, 86, 91. 
 
 Southampton, Earl of, Henry Wriothes- 
 ley, Arms and Emb., 26 ; Annotations 
 on, 128; Shakespeare's friend, 91; 
 account of, by Lodge, 92 ; portraits, 
 where, 1 66 ; Emb., 170, PL xiii. 
 
 Spectacle for Perjurers, 161. 
 
 Speght's Worlus of Chaucer, 1598, 71.
 
 i So 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Spenser's Visions, Calender, &c., 76 
 
 79- 
 
 Stanhope, the Lord John, Arms and 
 Emb., 56 ; Annotations on, 149. 
 
 Steuarta, Elisabetha, anagram, Has 
 Artes beata valet, 86. 
 
 Stirling-Maxwell, Sir William, Bart., his 
 Chief Victories of the Emperor Charles 
 the Fifth, 69, 1 72 ; possesses a relic of 
 Combe's Emb., 81 ; Ornamental He- 
 raldry, 165. See Keir. 
 
 Storys and Prophesis, 1535, 75. 
 
 Stuart, Lodowick, see Lennox, Duke of. 
 
 Suffolk, Earl of, Thomas Howard, the 
 Lord Treasurer, Arms and Emb., J2; 
 named, 91 ; Annotations on, 115 166. 
 
 Symeoni's Sententiose Imprese, 1560, 171; 
 Title, PI. xxv. ; other PI. xxvi. xxx. 
 
 HTANFIELD, Sir Laurence, Lord 
 J. Chief Baron of the Exchequer 
 
 Arms, 62, 63 ; Annotations on, 157. 
 Theatre des bans Engins, see Perriere. 
 Titian, Painter, 172; Emb., PI. xxxv. 
 Treasurer, the Lord, see Suffolk, Earl of. 
 
 VyENIUS, Otho, his Amorum Emble- 
 mata, Lat. , It., and Eng. verses, 
 1608, 85. 
 Vander Noot's Theatre, <S-v., 1568, Eng. 
 
 version, 1569, 79- 
 Villiers, George, see Buckingham. 
 
 T 7 ALES, Prince of, and feather 
 V V badge, 101. 
 
 Wallingford, the Lord Viscount, William 
 Knolles, Arms and Emb., 38 ; Anno- 
 tations on, 137 ; portrait, where, 1 66. 
 
 Watson's Shyppeof Fooles, 1509, 73. 
 
 Wentworth, the Lord, Arms and Emb., 
 50 ; Annotations on, '144. 
 
 Whitney's Emblemes, 1586, 79 ; the re- 
 print contains Willet's first emblem, 
 80-82 ; Crosse's Covert, 84. 
 
 Willet's Sacrorvm Emb. Cent, vna, 81 ; 
 acrostic and quotation, 82. 
 
 William I. of England, Emb. and Motto, 
 67. 
 
 Winchester, Bishop of, Montagu, James, 
 Arms and Emb. , 42 ; named, 91 ; An- 
 notations on, 139 ; portrait, where, 
 1 66. 
 
 Windsor, the Lord, Amis and Emb. , 48 ; 
 Annotations on, 143. 
 
 Winter-nighf s Vision, 160. 
 
 Worcester. Earl of, Edward Somerset, 
 Lord Privy Seal, Arms and Emb., 14, 
 91 ; Arms and Annotations on, 117; 
 portrait, where, 166. 
 
 Wotton, the Lord, Arms and Emb. , 54 ; 
 Annotations on, 149; Emb., 171, PI. 
 xv. 
 
 Wrathesley, Henry, see Southampton, 
 Earl of. 
 
 Wyatt's Turns of Fortune, 66. 
 
 Wyrley's Tnie Vse of Armorie, 1592, 
 80. 
 
 "\ 7ATES, J. B., onFraunce's Insignia, 
 I 80; MS. of Eng. Transl. of Alciat, 
 88. 
 Yorke's Vnion of Honovr, 1640, 164. 
 
 z 
 
 OUCH, the Lord, Arms and Emb., 
 46 ; Annotations on, 141. 
 
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