THE GIFT OF MAY TREAT MORRISON IN MEMORY OF ALEXANDER F MORRISON New England MUTUAL Life Insurance Lompany, OIF BOSTOInT. STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDING DEC. 3 I, I 8 7 7. Total income $2,862,282 02 Total disbursements for death-claims, endowments, distribu- tions of surplus, etc, 2,437,100 26 Total cash assets, as per Insurance Commissioner's Report, 14,466,920 53 Total surplus, as per Insurance Commissioner's Report . . 1,621,078 63 New Policies issued, 1,871. Terminated, 1,665. The Directors' Annual Report, containing a detailed statement, together with the results of the investigation of the Insurance Commissioner of Mas- sachusetts, can be obtained at the OFFICE OF THE COMPANY, BENJ. F. STEVENS, President. JOS. M. GIBBENS, Secretary. HARVARD AND ITS SURnbUN DINGS SECOND EDITION, THOROUGHLY REVISED MOSES KING COPIOUSL V I L LUSTRA TED HELIOTYPES, WOOD ENGRAVINGS, AND ETCHINGS CAMBRIDGE, MASS. MOSES KING, PUBLISHER (Harvard College) 1878 Copyright, 1878, By MOSES KING- FrankliH Press : Rand, Avery, and Company, Boston. DESIGNS BY L. S. IPSEN. IIELIOTYPES AND ZINC PLATES BV HELIOTYPE COMPANY. SKETCHES BV H. M. STEPHENSON. INTRODUCTION. r* This little handbook is designed to take the place of an intelligent com- I panion to the visitor in his walk through Harvard and its historical vicinity, ^' giving brief yet sufficiently definite descriptions of every place visited, with *< parsing allusions to its leading historical and biographical associations, and (»^ devoting the larger proportion of space to the specially noteworthy objects. Our visitor is assumed to have arrived at Harvard College, which can be reached in half an hour from Boston, either by carriage or by the Cambridge horse cars that start from Bowdoin Square. The route proposed may be easily ti'aced on the accompanying key plan — on next page — by following the numerical order; nevertheless, as correspond- ing numbers are attached to the description of each place in the book, an in- dependent course may be taken if one so desires. Whatever is most worth seeing is accessible to visitors without fees or > restrictions, and no objection is offered to a quiet walk through any of the *^ grounds or buildhigs, except the Observatory. (v^ An asterisk (*) is placed in the Index opposite to the most noteworthy . places. A dagger (f) in the text signifies that the place is described in the ^J " Walk through Caml)ridge," page 63. v^ Numbers in full-faced type, e. g., (25), that occur throughout the book, K refer, first, to the description of the place ; second, to its number on the key plan ; and third, to the illustration pertaining to it, if there is any. \ ^ No attempt is made to produce anything new; our object is merely to ^^^ reproduce in a convenient and simple form that which is already known. >A. Wherever we have found anything adapted to our purpose we have made use ^^of it. We are specially indebted to the " Harvard Book," to Drake's " His- ^i^oric Fields and Mansions of Middlesex," and to Rev. William Newell, D. D., ^ John Langdon Sibley, and Rev. A. P. Poabody, D. D. Want of space permits only a general acknowledgment of our indebtedness to the various other sources from which information has been derived. INDEX. The number in the first column indicates : 1st. The position of each place on the key plan (page 4); 2d, the consecutive number prefixed to the various places described in the book ; 3d, the cor- responding illustration. The number in the second column gives the page on which the description may be found. The (*) asterisk points out to the visitor whose time is limited the specially noteworthy places. Annual Expenditure 18 *Appleton Chapel 12 29 Arsenal, The State 47 79 Athletic Association, Harvard . 29 48 Astronomical Observatory ... 49 56 Base Ball Club, H. U. ... 27 44 *BeckHall 34 64 Bishop's Palace 36 66 Boat Club, H. U 30 49 Boat House 30 49 * Botanic Garden 48 55 *Boylston Hall 7 23 Brattle House 60 88 Brookline Bridge Route ... 65 91 *Bu?sey Institution 59 Cambridge Common .... 42a 74 *Christ Church 42 72 City Building, New .... 61 89 Class Day Tree 17 32 College House 39 54 Dana House 33 53 *Dane Hall 4 22 Dental School ...... 59 "Divinity Hall 23 39 NO. PAGE 18 25 26 44 50 79 55 85 Education, Cost of .... Elective System Elevation of Projected Museum Elmwood *Episcopal Theological School Fayerweather House .... 51 81 *Felton Building 31 63 First Parish Church .... 40 69 Foot Ball Club, H. U 28 47 *GoreHall 8 24 Government of the University . 14 Graduates, Number of ... . 14 *Grays Hall 6 23 *Gymnasium, The 29 48 Gymnasium, The New .... 49 Harvard College, History of . . 11 ♦Harvard Hall 2 21 Harvard Monument 11 Hicks House .62 89 *Holdcn Chapel 15 31 *Honis Hall 16 32 Holmes Field . . . . 28 .47 Holmes House 18 33 *Holworthy Hall 13 29 INDEX. NO. PAGE *Holyoke House 37 53 Hotel Brunswick 66 92 Instruction at twenty colleges . 16 Introduction 3 Jarvis Field 27 44 Key Plan 4 Law School (Dane Hall) ... 4 22 *Lawrence Hall 57 87 *Lawrence Scientific School . . 20 36 Lee House 52 82 Library (Gore Hall) .... 8 24 *Little's Block 38 67 *Longfellow's Home 54 84 *Loweirs Homestead 50 79' *Massachusetts Hall ..... 1 19 *Matthews Hall 3 21 *Medical School 57 *Memorial Hall 22 37 *Memorial Hall Transept ... 22 38 *Mount Auburn Cemetery . . . 50rt 80 *Museum of Comparative Zoology 25 41 *01d Cambridge Baptist Church . 35 65 Old Mile Stone 63 Old President's Chair .... 28 *01d President's House .... 5 22 *Peabody Museum of Am. A & E. 24 40 Pecuniary Aid for Students - . 17 President's House 32 52 Presidents of Harvard, List of . 13 Projected Museum, The .... 26 43 Projected Museum, Ground Plan of 26 43 Quadrangle, The *ReedHall . . . Keservoir, The . . . Riedesel House, The Riverside Press . . *Sanders Theatre .... Seal of Cambridge • . . Seal of Harvard University Sever Hall Shepard Memorial Church Society Hall *Sokliers' Monument . . *St. John's Memorial Chapel *Stoughton Hall .... St. Paul's Church .... Students, Number of . . Students, Sources of Supply of Teachers, Number of ... . Thayer Commons Hall . *Thayer Hall *Town Burying Ground University Book Store . *Universitj' Hall . . . University Press . . . *Vassal House , . . • Wadsworth House . . . Walk through Cambridge . Walk through Harvard . ♦Washington Elm .... Washington's Head-quarter; Waterhouse House . . • *Weld Hall Zo<)logical Hall .... ^1 36 LIST OF FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS. The first column indicates the number of tlie description. It also refers to the position of each place on the key plan on page 4. The second column indicates the page of the illustration. HELIOTYPES. NO. PAGE Appletdn Chapel 12 30 AsTiioNOMiCAL Obsehvatory 49 50 Beck Hall 34 04 Boat House 30 48 Botanic Garden .48 50 BoYLSTON Hall 7 26 BussEY Institution 58 College House 39 54 Dane Hall 4 22 Divinity School 23 40 Felton Building 31 08 Gore Hall 8 26 Grays Hall 6 24 Gtmnasittm 29 48 Hakvakd Aet Cltib G 32 Haiivakd Hall 2 19 HoLLis Hall 16 34 HoLWOETHY Hall 13 32 HoLYOKE House 37 52 Hotel Brunswick, Boston CG 92 Lawrence Scientific School 20 40 Little's Block 38 68 Massachusetts Hall 1 19 Matthews Hall 3 22 ISIedical School 58 JIemorial Hall and Sanders Theatre 22 Front. jNIemoeial Dining Hall (Interior View) 22 38 Museum of Comparative Zoology 25 42 Old President's (Wadswoeth) House 5 24 8 LIST OF FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS. HELIOTYPES —ConHmied. NO. PAGE Peabody Museum of American Archeology. ..... 24 42 President's House . 32 54 Room No. 31, Beck Hall 34 64 Room No. i), Ht)LYOKE House 37 52 Stoughton Hall 14 34 Thayer Hall 11 30 University Hall 10 28 Weld Hall 9 28 WOOD ENGRAVINGS. Protestant Episcopal Theological School of Mass.\chusetts . 55 8G Shepard Memorial Church and Washington Elm . . . .44,45 77 The Quadrangle of Harvard College 20 HALF TITLES. Seal of Cambridge 61 Seal of Harvard University ... ,,,,.. 9 A GLANCE AT ITS HISTORY. ^ARVARD COLLEGE was founded in 1636. At that time the General Court of the Col- ony of Massachusetts Bay voted to give £400 for the endowment of a college, and in the following year it was ordered that the col- lege should be established at " Newetowne," — the governor, deputy-governor, and ten others being appointed to take charge of the enterprise. It is by no means certain that the appropriation by the government was ever paid; but it undoubtedly gave both stimulus and direction to private munificence, which seems to have been called forth in gifts insig- nificant by our standard, yet lai'ge as measured by the poverty of the infant settlement. A school was opened under the superintendence of Nathaniel Eaton. It does not appear that he had any assistant, nor is there any evidence extant of his scholarly capacity or attainments. The students boarded in his family, and seem to have suffered equally from his parsimony and his tyranny. 1 The monument that bears the name " Harvard," erected in Charlestown, is explained by the inscription on the eastern side, which reads as follows : " On the 26th day of September, A. D. 1828, this stone was erected by the Ga«duates of the University in Cambridge, in honor of its Founder, who died at Charlestown, on the 26th day of September, a. d. 1638." On the western side is .i lonp I>atin inscription. Harvard's Monument.^ 12 HARVARD UNIVERSITY In 1638 Rev. John Harvard, a graduate of Cambridge, England, died in Charlestown, leaving vo the college just coming into being his entire library and one half of his estate. This sum, probably not far from £700, exceeded the aggregate of, c^ll otkei^'donaitionsi and iii grateful remembrance of its chief benefactor the college was called by his' name, while its site was renamed after the seat of learning at which he and not a few of his fellow-immi- grants had been educated. Shortly after Harvard's death Eaton was dis- missed, and the building that had been commenced under his direction was completed under the supervision of a member of the board of control. In 1640 Rev. Henry Dunster was made president of the college, which from that time onward may be regarded as a literary institution, organized and conducted with the purpose of meeting the reasonable demands of the age and the community. The early presidents of the college were men of superior learning for their time; the range of studies was limited, the number of students small (for the first fifty years seldom exceeding twenty), and, though there may have been occasional a.ssistant teachers, there was jio permanent professor or tutor till the close of the century. The prescribed course of study comprehended some of the best known Latin and Greek authors, more Hebrew than is now learned at our divinity schools, logic and philosophy as then taught in the English universities, the mere elements of mathematics, and, above all, the holy Scriptures and Christian theology as understood by the New England churches. The first tutor was the venerable Henry Flynt, appointed in 1699, who re- mained in office and resident within college walls for fifty-five years. The first professor was the elder Edward Wigglesworth, who, in 1721, was ap- pointed professor of divinity on a foundation endowed by Thomas lioUis, with the then ample income of £40 a year. During the greater portion of the last century the college was identified with the liberal party in church and state, and could not but bear a prom- inent part in the movements preceding and accompanying the revolution in which the country declared and achieved its independence. In 17 75 the library and classes were removed to Concord, the college halls given up to the use of the jn'ovineial army, and the president's house offered, and for a short time occupied, as head-quarters for the commander-in-chief; while the presi- dent himself — an ardent patriot — served as chaplain to the troops on numer- ous occasions, and notably on the eve of the battle of Bunker Hill. AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 13 After the evacuation of Boston by the British the college resumed its ses- sions in Cambridge, and maintained for the ensuing thirty years or more a high but hardly growing reputation as a seat of learning. Its era of active and incessant progress may be said to have begun with the presidency of Dr. Kirkland, in 1810. Since that period there has been among its professors a spirit of literary and scientific energy and enterprise, among its students a just and high ambition, and in the public a generosity corresponding to the ever-growing and always urgent needs of an institution that aims to keep abreast with the ripest thought and learning of its time. Of the large endowments which now sustain numerous pi'ofessor ships and supply the means of support for more than one hundred students, and also of the funds invested in the buildings, library, observatory, botanic garden, and collections in various departments of science and art, almost the entire amount has accrued from private liberality. The gifts of the colonial and provincial governments were scanty and for specific and temjjorary uses, if we excej)t the erection of several college buildings. The principal gift of the State of Massachusetts was a grant of $10,000 a year for ten years, voted in 1814. Of this sum $25,000 passed into the hands of poor students, $21,400 were ap- plied to the erection of a medical college in Boston, and the residue was ex- pended in building University Hall, which thus remains the chief enduring monument of State generosity. The following list gives the names and terms of the presidents of the col- lege from its foundation : — Henry Dunster, 1640-1654. Charles Chauncy, 1654-1671. Leonard Hoar, 1672-1674. Uriah Oakes, 1675-1681. John Rogers, 1682-1684. Increase Mather, 1685-1701. Samuel Willard, 1701-1707. John Leverett, 1707-1724. Benjamin Wadsworth, 1725-1736. Edward Holyoke, 1737-1769. Samuel Locke, 1770-1773. In 1869 Charles William Eliot was elected president, and has filled the executive chair since that time. Samuel Langdon, 1774-1780. Joseph Willard, 1781-1804. Samuel Webber, 1806-1810. John Thornton Kirkland, 1810-1828. Josiah Quincy, 1829-1845. Edward Everett, 1846-1849. Jared Sparks, 1849-1853. James Walker, 1853-1860. Cornelius Conway Felton, 1860-1862. Thomas Hill, 1862-1868. 14 HARVARD UNIVERSITY. The government of the university may be briefly described as follows: The legal title of the corporation is the ' ' President and Fellows of Harvard Col- lege." The Corporation [consisting of the President, Fellows (live in num- ber), and Treasurer], and the Board of Overseers (thirty-two in number), arc the governing powers of the university, which comprehends the following de- partments : Harvard College, the Divinity School, the Law School, the Med- ical School, the Dental School, the Lawrence Scientific School, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the Bussey Institution (a school of agi'iculture), the College Lilirary, and the Astronomical Observatory. The Peabody Mu- seum of American Archasology and Ethnology is a constituent part of the university; but its relations to it are affected by peculiar provisions. The jyre,s/f/eH< is purely an administrative officer and presides over the cor- poration, board of overseers, and faculties of the various departments; the treasurer has the custody of the property of the university ; the academic coun- cil, consisting of the president, professors, and assistant professors of the uni- versity, recommend the candidates for the degrees of master of arts, doctor of science, and doctor of philosophy; the facultt/ of each department has the immediate charge of it; a dean is appointed for each faculty, of which he is in fact vice-president; the registrar is the medium between the student and the college faculty, and keeps the records of that faculty and of the admission, attendance, and conduct of the students, superintends examinations, prepares all scales of scholarship, and is chairman of the parietal committee; the parietal committee, formed of the proctors and officers of instruction who reside within the college buildinfjs, takes cosnizance of offenses by students atjainst siood order and decorum; the bursar is the treasurer's agent at Cambridge, and re- ceives the bonds and collects the amounts due from students; the curators of the museums, the director of the observatory, and the director of the botanic garden have charge of their respective departments ; the secretary of the board of overseers keeps its records, etc., and the secretaries of the various depart- ments are the assistants of the deans; the proctors are the academical police officers; the officers of instruction and rjovernment include the professors, as- sistant professors, tutors, instructors, and proctors. There are many other officers, but these are the most important. The whole number upon whom degrees have been conferred by Harvard University before IS?."} was 12,812. To the present year tliere have been of the college, 9,175 graduates ; of the law school, 1,988 ; and of the medical school, 2,265. AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 15 The following table shows the number of students in the university, and in its several departments, at four periods taken ten years apart : — Year. 1846-47 . 1856-57 . 1866-67 . 1876-77 . College. Divinity School. Law School. Medical School. Scientific School. Other Students. 272 31 132 159 17 382 22 109 122 57 3 419 15 157 301 60 7 821 23 187 226 29 84 Whole Univer- sity. 611 695 959 1,370 The preceding table shows that the number of students in the whole uni- versity rather more than doubled in thirty years. It is interesting to observe the increase in the number of teachers within the same period : — 1846-47. 1876-77. Professors 19 51 Assistant Professors 21 Lecturers "... 3 Tutors 4 7 Instructors 2 30 Assistants 12 Whole number of teachers .... — 25 — 124 Librarians, Proctors, and other officers . . 10 24 The following extract and table is taken from Charles F. Thwing's article on College Instruction, in a recent number of " Scribner's Monthly." It will be interesting to observe the comparison of Harvard with the other colleges. " Thongh a few elective or 'exchange' courses of instruction have been for years offered by most colleges, it was not till the accession of the pres- ent president of Harvard that the system of elective studies was introduced. Though introduced at Harvard in the face of much opposition, the system has, by its intellectual and moral advantages, converted opposition into stanch support. It constantly grows in popularity with both professors and students, and each year the number of elective courses is increased and their scope en- larged. At this time (1876-77) 99 elective courses are offered, providing 263 recitations a week. The liberty of choice is shown by the fact that one can, during his course, take, as regular studies for a degree, only 34 of the 263 hours of electives. i6 HARVARD UNIVERSITY "The following table shows the numljer of hours of instruction a week given in the principal studies by twenty colleges. Both i)rescribed and elect- ive studies are included in the estimate." Amherst . . Boston . . . Bowdoin . . California . . Cornell . . . Dartmouth . Hamilton . . Harvard . . Michigan . . Middlebury . New York Northwestern Oberlin . . Princeton . . Trinity . . Vassar . . . Vermont . . Virginia . . Weslevan Yale " . . . Classics, Ancient Lan- guages. Mathe- matics. Modern Lan- guages. Science. Philos- ophy. History. Fine Arts. 21§ lOi 9 17f 6! 5 n 25 6 16 10 12 8 1 21 i 1\ 11 121- 81 6 26 6 13 14 9 32 12 10 10 10 10 20 10 4 12 10 2 22 11 2§ 10 10 4! 64 29 64 68 20 28 18 28 12 15 32 9 8 18 10 4 13 11 4 24 12 2 18 8 6 22 7 15 13| 7 4f 24 12 10 13^ 12 1 1 30 9 7 15 10 2 23 6i 8| 9 12i 9 4 27i 21 3li 10 2 17^ 21 12 12 15 9 6 f 15 19 13 22 4 4 26 10 11 27 20 5 38 1^ 19 25 14 6 Total each week. 71§ 78 66 68 84 58 60i 291 104 60 70 69 73i 73 64 118 75 f 77 99 119 The 25receding table shows that the number of hours of instruction each week at Harvard greatly exceeds that of any other two colleges combined. The average number of hours each week at the colleges mentioned above is 78| ; at Harvard it is 291. The sources of supply of students to Harvard College ai'c not quite the same from year to year; yet the proportions of the numbers of perse*is who come from public schools, endowed schools, private schools, private tutors, and colleges respectively change but slowly. The number of schools and col- leges from which young men actually entered Harvard College in 1877 was fifty-five. Of these, the following, arranged alphabetically, are in the first rank as regards the number of scholars prepared for college : — Adams Academy, Quincy.i Boston Latin School, Boston. Brookliiie High School, Brookline. Cambridge High School, Cambridge. The places named are in Massachusetts unless otherwise stated. AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 17 Chauncy Hall School, Boston. Ea\-rs, Wm. N., private school, Boston. Friends' Academy, Xew Bedford. Hopkinson, J. P., private school, Boston. Kendall, J., private school, Cambridge. Newton High School, Newton. Noble, G. \V. C, private school, Boston. Phillips Academy, Andover. Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N. H. Roxbury Latin SchooJ, Koxburj'. St. Mark's School, Soutliborough. St. Paul's School, Concord, N. H. Salem High School, Salem. San Francisco Boys' High School, San Francisco, Cal. Somerville High School, Somerville. Williston Seminary, Easthampton. Worcester High School, Worcester. It is generally uiulerstood that good scholars of high character but slender means are seldom or never obliged to leave the university for want of money. To aid worthy students, 124 scholarships have been established, varying in their annual income from !$4;0 to $350. Deserving students can also obtain pecuniary aid from various funds, such as beneficiary money, loan fund, fellowships, monitorships, and prizes. Gen- erous persons are constantly adding to these funds, which seem to keep pace with the general advance of the university. This is evident from the fol- lowing table, which exhibits the amounts ^laid to students during the years 1866-67 and 1876-77. It will be seen that the amount has considerably more than doubled within ten years. College Scholarships " Beneficiary Money " Loan Fund Divinity School Scholarships " ' " from charity of Edward Hopkins '• " Beneficiary Money " " from the Williams Fund 1 . . . Law School Scholarships ^Medical School Scholarships Lawrence Scientific School Scholarships . . . . I'ellowships 1866-67. $18,.302.74 1876-77. $10,019.00 $25,963.86 2,. 368. 74 907.25 880.00 2,720.00 - 1,820 00 2,400 00 2,310.00 885.00 339.84 1,600.00 1,4.50.00 150.00 4.-)0.00 - 800.00 _ coo.oo - - 4,223.47 41,584.42 ' The Williams Fund cau provide twenty scholarships of $150 each. 2 Part of it is uncalled for. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. It is not an unknown thing for a penniless freshman to carry off the high- fst honors at the end of his course, after sustaining himself by the pecuniary i-ewards offered to high scholarship and his earnings in other ways. The cost of education at Harvard University has been repeatedly discussed in the public prints within the past few years, and is in many families a mat- ter of serious concern. Much of the connnon talk upon the subject is founded upon loose estimates, or upon mere guesses or boasts. Trustworthy data for accurate statements have recently been gathered from careful inquiries of parents, guardians, and 'reliable students. The smallest annual expenditure reported (including every item of cost) was S471. A few students kept their expenditure within $500; and this can be done without injury to health, and without suffering of any sort. The great majority of students — whose par- ents are neither rich nor poor — spent from $650 to $850 a year; this is a liberal allowance. The upper limit of expenditure is of course indeterminable. The necessary items of annual expenditure upon four different scales, with all desirable minuteness of specification, can be seen in the following table. The expenses of the long vacation are not included. « Least. Economical. Moderate. Ample. Tuition $1.50 20 8 70 30 10 140* 11 15 15 30 $1.50 25 10 120 30 15 175t 15 20 15 40 $150 30 15 150 100 25 175t 30 40 30 35 50 $150 Books Stationery Clothing 35 26 300 Room Furniture (annual average) . . Board i'ncl and light 175 50 304t 45 50 50 Societies and subscription to sports (annual average) 50 30 Sundries 100 Total $499 $615 $830 $1,365 * Divinity Club. t Memorial I [all. X Pr vate club. \ MASSACHUSETTS HALL (I). HARVARD HALL (2). A WALK THROUGH HARVARD. To take a walk through the grounds of Harvard University, there is, prob- ably, no better place to enter than at the main gate on the west side of the college " yard," as the grounds, lying between Broadway and Cambridge street on the north, Quincy street on the east, Harvard street on the south, and North Avenue on the west, are familiarly called. The path from this gate leads into the Quarlraiu/le. On the right of this path, as you enter from the gate, stands — 1. Massachusetts Hall, the oldest of the college buildings, bearing the name of the province that founded the college and built this hall. In 1718, while Mr. Leverett was president, the General Court ordered a three-story brick building, 100 by 50 feet, to be erected at the expense of the province as a dormitory for students. For 150 years this building was occupied for that purpose. After the battle of Lexington the students were compelled to vacate the premises in order that the American soldiers might be accom- modated, but in 1776 the soldiers were withdrawn and the students again took possession of it. During Dr. Kirkland's administration the building was thoroughly repaired and renovated, and a portion of the lower floor assigned to society and recita- tion uses. Here the Institute met in debate, and the Natural History Society held its meetings and kept its collections. In 1870 Massachusetts Hall under- went an alteration in its interior arrangements : the two upper floors were changed into one large room, which is now used for examinations, while the two lower floors were converted into a single story, which, in addition to its use for examinations, is used for recitations and as the Harvard reading i-oom. In this building the classes meet, as they have done for several years, to choose their officers and transact other class business. On the west end, near the roof, is a wooden " patch : " many wonder what it is, not knowing that it is the shield that for many years held the dial of a clock long since "run out." On the left of the road, parallel and opposite to Massachusetts Hall, is — AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 21 2. Harvard Hall, 1765, which is the second structure of that name. The original building was the first erected for the college. Donations from friends supplied the means for erecting the first building, which, together with 5,000 books and the cabinet of apparatus, was destroyed by fire in 1764. As the General Court was holding its sessions in this hall at that time, the province provided for the erection of the building now standing, which was planned by Governor Bernard, who, it is said, could repeat the whole of Shakspere. Built of brick, two stories high, the hall rests upon a foundation of Braintree stone, above which is a layer of dressed red sandstone, with a belt of the same material between the stories. During the Revolution the American army was stationed here, and, among the items for damages sustained, a bill was rendered for 1,000 pounds of lead, cut from the roofs and carried away, probably to be molded into bullets. In 1789 Washington was received here. The buttery, an obsolete institution, was in Harvard Hall. " As the com- mons rendered the college independent of private boarding-houses, so the but- tery removed all just occasion for resorting to the different marts of luxury, intemperance, and ruin. This was a kind of supplement to the commons, and offered for sale to the students, at a moderate advance on the cost, wines, liquors, groceries, stationery, and, in general, such articles as it was proper and necessary for them to have occasionally, and which for the most part were not included in the commons' fare." At various times this building has contained the chapel, library, commons, philosophical apparatus, and mineralogical cabinet, and around its walls hung the portraits belonging to the college. From 1842 to 1871 Commencement din- ner was served here. The building had a clock which kept time for the stu- dents, but that was removed when the faculty arranged to have control of the clock on the church opposite. The bell in the belfry has been used for many years to notify students of their multifarious engagements. The first bell was brought from an Italian convent. At pi-esent the building is made use of principally for recitations, readings, and lectures, and contains a large amount of valuable philosophical apparatus. On the right, next beyond Massachusetts Hall (1), the building which forms part of the western boundary of the quadrangle is — 3. Matthews Hall, the gift of Nathan ]\Iatthews of Boston. This hall, erected in 1872 in the Gothic style of architecture, at a cost of nearly $120,- 000, is one of the most ornamental and conveniently arranged of the college 22 HARVARD UNIVERSITY dormitories. A solid brick wall divides it into two sej)arate parts, each of which has entrances on both east and west fronts. There are sixty suites of rooms, nearly all double, including study, two bedrooms, and closets; these suites are naturally ranked among the most desiralilt!. The site of Matthews Hall is that of a brick building erected in 1666 for the acconnnodation of Indian students by the " Society for Propagating the Gos- pel ; " subsequently the old building was tiu'ned over to the college printing press, and there it is probable that the second edition of the Indian Bil:)le was printed. To the southwest of the quadrangle, between jMatthews Hall (3) and the street corner, stands — 4. Dane Hall, commonly known as the Law School, a two-story brick build- ing, which was erected in 1832 and enlarged in 1845. On the lower floor of the addition is the law library, containing 16,000 volumes of valuable law books, and on the upper floor is the lecture room. The upper of these rooms is ornamented with paintings and busts of men distinguished for legal abilit\', who have been connected with the law school and the state. The first Dane Hall, which was substantially the front part of the present building, was built at a cost of S7,000, advanced to the college by Nathan Dane (class of 1778) of Beverly, who distinguished himself as a jurist and statesman. While in Congress he framed the celebrated " Ordinance of 1787," by which slavery was excluded from all territory northwest of the Ohio River. Previously to 1832 the law school (which was not established until 1817, although a legacy had been left for this purpose by Isaac Royall in 1779) was in a small building opposite the present one, on the site of College House (39). The law school of Harvard was the first established in this country in connection with a collegiate course of instruction. In 1871 the whole build- ing was moved about seventy feet southward to make room for jNIatthews Hall (3), and now "the south foundation wall of Dane is the same as the north wall of the old meeting-house, so that LaAv and Divinity rest here on a common base." On the street line the first building to the left is the — 5. Old President's House, often called the Wadsworth House, as its first occupant was Presi ! 5ECK HALL (34). ROOM No. 31 IN BECK HALL. AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 65 and closet. Each suite is furnished with handsome chandeUers, steam heat- ing apparatus, white marble mantels for open fire-places, and a fixed marble- top washstand provided with hot and cold water. All the washstand orna- ments are nickel-plated, and the faucets have automatic stops. The entire interior, even the janitor's lodge in the basement, is finished in ash, and all the rooms and halls have plaster cornices. A marble slab is placed in the basement to hold the silver-plated mouth-pieces of the speaking-tubes that are connected with each study. These tubes afford the occupants an easy mode of communication with the janitor, who can be readily summoned bv means of the thumb-knob in the room connected by wires with the annunci- ator in the basement. The apartments are lofty, Avell lighted, and thoroughly ventilated. On the first floor the rooms are eleven feet high. Two entrances, one on Harvard and the other on Main Street, open into a spacious hall, lighted by a skylight in the roof over the central part, and paved with mar- ble tiles. The glass of this building presents a marked contrast with that of the oldest dormitories, — in the former the size being 40 by 28 inches, while in the latter it is 6 by 8 inches. On the first floor there is a neat bulletin board which indicates whether an occupant of a room is "in" or "out." Near the entrance on Main Street the Post-office Department has placed a letter-box, from which the letters are gathered several times each day. Around the building there is considerable open space, rendering it light and airy, and affording beautiful views in every direction. The property is owned by Mrs. Anna L. Moring of Cambridge, and is in charge of her agent, James C. Davis, 30 Court Street, Boston. 35. Old Cambridge Baptist Church is the spacious stone edifice extending from Main to Harvard Street, opposite Prescott Street. The church was organized August 20, 1844. Their first meeting-house was a wooden struct- ure, on the corner of Kirkland Street and Holmes Place. This house was sold October 23, 18G6, to what is now known as the North Avenue Con- gregational Society, and was removed bodily, without even disturbing the steeple, to the southerly corner of North Avenue and Roseland Street, where it now stands. For the next few years the congregation worshiped partly in the meeting-house of the Shepard Congregational Society and partly in Lyceum Hall. Meanwhile arrangements were made and contri- butions on a liberal scale were offered for the erection of a new building. The effort was successful, and resulted in the present edifice, which was 5 66 HARVARD UNIVERSITY dedicated September 29, 1870. The church is an imposing pile of Gothic architecture. It has received but Httle interior or exterior decoration, its massive and grace- ful proportions ren- dering this unneces- sary. Its cost, in- cluding the ground, was about SI 24, 000. The society which built it, although constituting one of the youngest relig- ious organizations of Old Cambridge, has become numerous and influential. Tlie )astor in charge is llev. Franklin John- son, D.D. The best view of Old Cambridge Baptist Church (35). |^]jg buildinff is that shown in the illustration, taken from Main Street, looking toward tlie north- west; but, viewing it from any point, the visitor cannot but admire its gi-andeur and simplicity. 36. The Bishop's Palace is the familiar name apjilied to the large square wooden house on the south side of Harvard Street, directly oi)posite Gore Hall (8). Its true front is toward Mount Auburn Street, which once, as the highroad, passed along the edge of the garden. At that time the house en- joyed a charming, uninterrupted view over the Charles. It was erected, probably in 1761, by the Rev. East Apthorp, the first Episcopal clergyman settled in Cambridge. On account of its elegance and ]iroxinuty to Har- vard, May hew and his orthodox contemporaries regarded the house with considerable distrust. Dr. Apthorp was thought to have aspired to the episcopate, and his house was alluded to as '' the palace of one of the hum- ble successors of the Apostles."' Ilis antngonists rendered his ministry so uncomfortable that he gave up his charge in 1764, and removed to England. AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 67 John Borland, a merchant, next occupied it, until the breaking out of hostili- ties in 17 75 caused him to flee to Boston. He is said to have built the third story to provide additional accomnioilation for his household slaves. Then General Putnam converted the house into the head- quarters of the Connecticut troops, and retained it a:; such until the battle of Bunker Hill. Three com- panies were quartered there up to the time that the committee of safety took possession of it. It was next the enforced residence ^'=^°p^ ^^'"" of General Burgoyne. After the Revolutionary War the place passed into the hands of Jonathan Simpson, Jr. The house was originally two stories high, and resembled Longfellow's Home (54). The hall is broad and pleasing, while the staircase is railed in with curiously wrought balusters of various designs. The left hand recep- tion room was an elegant state apartment, with high ceiling and richly carved woodwork. Old Dutch tiles, with their allegories, are still in the fire-place, which yet retains its ornamental fire-back. In the second-story chamber, which was used by General Burgoyne, the walls are formed in panels, dec- orated with costly picturesque paper. The property is now owned and occu- pied by the family of Mrs. Elizabeth B. Manning, a venerable lady of ninety- two years, who can yet clearly recall and relate many changes that have occurred in Cambridge during her long residence here. 38. Little's Block, situated on the southeast corner of Harvard and Dun- ster streets, adjoins Holyoke House (37) on the west, and form^; with it the imposing row opposite the college yard. Little's Block, erected by Charles C. Little, comprises two separate buildings, generally distinguished as the "old" and "new" halls. The former was built in 1854, and the latter in 1869, at times when the college needed additional accommodations for stu- dents, and did not have means available for the erection of new halls. Both 68 HARVARD UNIVERSITY are of brick, trimmed with sandstone, five stories high, 105 feet long and 60 feet deep. In 187 7 the entire block was remodeled, when an attractive brick front replaced that of the old hall, and an additional story was put upon the entire structure. Each building contains sixteen suites of large and commo- dious apartments, including study, bedrooms, closets, and coal bins. Each suite is provided with open stoves, chandtdiers, and gas fixtures. These buildings, by reason of their admirable and convenient location and excellent accommodations, have always been regarded as favorite dormitories. A large number of members of the senior class are usually catalogued as occu- pants of these rooms. The students who occupy this block are generally those who are able to pay a good price for their rooms and to furnish them accord- ingly, the result being that the apartments are handsomely fitted up. The owners of the block are obliged to reserve one room in each building for the use of a proctor, who is designated by the college faculty. The old and new halls are owned respectively by George Coffin Little (class of 1856) and John A. Little, residents of New York city, whose agent in Cambridge is Charles W. Sever, proprietor of the — University Bookstore, on the first floor of Little's Block, No. 464 Harvard Street. This store was established near the beginning of the present century, by William Hilliard, at the southeast corner of Harvard and Holyoke streets, in a wooden building which, in 1825, gave place to the present brick block. The bookstore continued in that locality until 1850. About 1824 James Brown became associated with Mr. Hilliard under the firm of Hilliard & Brown. In 1832 Lemuel Shattuck was admitted as a partner, and the style of the firm was changed to Brown, Shattuck, & Co. In 1833 the busi- ness was pm-chased by James Munroe & Co., and in 1836 it passed into the hands of John Owen, who retained it until 1847, when it was purchased by George Nichols (class of 1828) who carried on the business for about two years, and then transferred it to John Bartlett, whose name it bore for ten years. Mr. Bartlett afterwards entered the firm of Little, Brown, & Co., of which he is at present an active member. His successors were Charles W. Sever and George C. Francis (class of 1854) under the firm name of Sever & Francis, which continued until 1871, when I\Ir. Francis withdrew, on account of ill health. The senior partner then assumed the entire business, which he still retains. The location of the store has been changed several times. Originally at the corner of Holyoke and Harvard streets, it was in 1859 re- iijLu:-.^ if wmm i^ TiiJnr^Kinipi Ill 11 : « *e'»J. FELTON BUILDING (31). LITTLE'S BLOCK (38). AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 69 moved to the corner of Brighton Street and Harvard Square, and thence in 1871 to the present lot-aUty. The bookstore has always been somewhat alhed to the college, the original purpose of the establishment having been to supply the students with classical text-books, which in the early part of the century were difficult to procure except by direct importation. For many years the proprietors held a contract with the corporation to provide the students with the necessary books, the college paying for the same and in turn charging the amount on the term bills. From the beginning it has been the head-ijuarters for students' supphes. Several works of the professors have been published here, as well as numerous miscellaneous books and pamphlets. The university catalogue is now published by the proprietor of the store, under contract with the college. We are now in the vicinity of the " Old Mile Stone " that projects above the curb on the west side of the college yard near Dane Hall (4). The libra- rian, emeritus found the stone after it had been for many years lost to public view, and planted it near the spot where it was originally placed by the sur- veyor, Abraham Ireland, whose initials form part of the inscription. The old stone carries us back to ante-revolutionary times, before the West Boston bridge was built, when the distance from Cambridge to Boston was eight miles, and the road passed through Brighton, Brookline, and Roxbury. North of the Mile Stone, on the opposite side of the street, stands the — 40. First Parish Church, facing the entrance to the college yard. Its location is amply suggestive of its past history and that of the ancient society for which it was built, looking as it does on the college, for whose use, like the preceding houses* of worship, it was in part erected, and on the graves of those who once worshiped under its roof or within the walls of its pred- ecessors. Its erection in 1833 was the result of a negotiation between the parish and the college corporation, proposed and conducted by Presi- ed in 1845. Since the present owner acquired the ])roperty the original house has been raised, and an additional story built underneath. 84 HARVARD UNIVERSITY 4- short distance below, on the same side of Brattle Street, is — 54. Washington's Head-quarters, or Longfellow's Home, the most noteworthy house in Canibi-idge. It is in fact a wooden mansion lined with brick, and was built in 1739 by Colonel John Vassal. The exterior sim- ply carries one back to the ante-revolutionary period ; but the interior gives a strong imj)ression of comfort and refinement. The surroundings are charm- ingly picturesque. In 1775 Vassal became a fugitive under British protection, and Colonel John Glovei", with the Marblehead regiment, took possession. Washington's Head-quarters, or Longfellow's Home (54) ^Vashington established his head-quarters here in July, 1775, and remained for eight months. More noted patriots of 1776 entered this house than any other. Mrs. AVashington and her suite arrived at head-quarters in December, 1775. We learn that Mrs. Washington held her levees and gave her dinner parties, while Washington with his staff was deliberating on the operations of the army destined to create a free republic. Franklin dined at this house when he came to settle the establishment of the colonial army. Washington revisited the house in 1789. After the war the first proprietor was Nathaniel Tracy, who had been en- AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 85 gaged in privateering. He fitted out the first private armed vessel that saile are on the left liand, iiiid the rest on the right hand side. 92 HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Natural History Building, Institute of Technology, Hotil Bruiisivicl-,''- Museum of Fine Ai'ls, Trinity Church, Second Unitarian Church, Chauncy Hall School, New Old South Church. Crossing Clarendon Street to the New Brattle Square Unitarian Church, we pass through Commonwealth Avenue — with its lovely park along its entire length — to Chester Park Street. We then cross to Beacon Street. Near the intersection of these streets is the place designated for the entrance to the proposed Back Ba'y Park, and in this vicin- ity it is thought that a new bridge connecting Boston and Cainbridge will* be built. Thus far the route has been through the Back Bay district, where handsome residences are seen on every side. Continiung on Beacon Street, Boston's fashionable drive, we soon reach the fork in the road where^it branches in three directions, the one on the left towards Jamaica Plain, that in the centre towards Newton Centre, while the one on the right, which we follow, leads to Brighton. Crossing Brookline Bridge we obtain a charming view of Charles River, and of Boston and its environs. Tlie bridge terminates on the Cambridge side in Brookline Street, and at a short distance is Putnam Avenue, which leads directly to the vicinity of the college. Passing through Putnam Avenue, we obtain a good view of the Riverside Press (64) and the Boat House (30). ' 66. Hotel Brunswick, Boston, situated upon Boylstoii Street, corner of ClarenLlon Street, is one of the most comfortable and handsomely furnished hotels iu the world. The building, which is es- sentially fire-proof, is 200 by 125 feet, six stories high, with basement, and contains 350 rooms. The structure is of brick, with heavy sandstone trimmings. The principal finish of the first two stones is of black walnut. On the right of the principal entrance are two parlors for the use of ladies, and on the left of the main entrance is the gentlemen's p.arlor. On the easterly side of the hotel is the new dining hall dedicated upon Whittier"s seventieth birthday, when the proprietors of the Atlantic Monthly gave the dinner at which so many noted American writers were present. On the right of the ladies" entrance is the large dining hall, 80 feet long by 48 feet wide Both dining halls have marble tile floors, the walls being Pompeian red and the ceiling frescoed to correspond. The five stories above are divided into suites of rooms and single rooms, all conveniently arranged, and provided with all modern improvements, including open fire-places, besides steam heatinj; apparatus. Everything seems to have been done to make the house home-like, comfortable, and attractive, and free from the usual cheerless appearance of hotels. The cost of the building will come close to a million dollars. The Brunswick was built in 1874, and enlarged in 1876. The architects were Peabody and Stearns. It is owned by Henry Bigelow Williams (class of 1865), who also owns Felton Building (31). The lessee and manager of the hotel is J. W. Wolcott, who has furnished it in lavish and ma'gnificcnt style. It is conducted on the American plan, and under the skilled hands of the lessee has proved to be such an hotel as Bo.ston had never seen before. President ITayes, when attending H;irvard t^omniencement, in 1S77, with his family and suite, occu- |iied room.; .-it the Brunswick. Tlic rooms were wholly refurnished and the hotel elaborately deco- rated for the occasion. Governor Rice resides at this hotel. CHARLES A. SMITH & CO. MERCHANT TAILORS, AND DIRECT IMPORTERS OF FINE LONDON AND PARIS GOODS FOR GENTLEMEN'S WEAR, All gentlemen are invited to call and inspect our selections, which comprise THE LARGEST STOCK OF FINE FOREIGN GOODS EVER OFFERED IN THIS MARKET. SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS TO CASH BUYERS. CHARLES A. SMITH & CO. IHcrdjant Eatlors, 18 AND 20 SCHOOL STREET, BOSTON. 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All Articles in Pottery and Porcelain suitable for Gifts. 89, 91, & 93 Franklin Street, cor, Devonshire, Boston. f ^, Eosas ■n^HmffinsHH ;^(| RiNTiNQ mm m HEdlMPEPHO^Oap'HSiiiPrirjtGrsIi^k -* HUaiMPE LFF|10QIUiPHS priiited bYSteaiiL HEBOWPt CIM toprii|t witli %pe -^is -^K- HEtlQIYPE PSIMM liEPFEI^.SHOWCflRpS«^c BRILLIANT— ENTERTAINING — ARTISTIC. OBLONG QUARTO. BOARDS, $1.50. fwciity-six pictures hitting off very effectively the folHes and sports, the occupations and eccentricities, college hfe. They are full of fun and good humor. — ^oifo« Jourjial. HOUGHTON, OSGOOD AND COMPANY, BOSTON. W. L. CLARK & CO, W. LORING CLARK. SUCCESSORS TO C. M. LITCHFIELD. USE THE ELEVATOR. WOULD CALL ATTENTION TO THE MERITS OF THEIR INK, CRAYON, AND WATER-COLOR FINISHING OF COPIES AND LIFE PORTRAITS. FIVE THOUSAND COPIES-SEVEN EDITIONS- NOW IN USE. DEAN'S INTEREST AND EQUATION EXPONENTS. L. L. & MOSES KING, ST. LOUIS, PROPRIETORS. For averaging accounts, computing interest, and ascertaining time and dates, this work greatly surpasses anything yet pubh'shed. The book is used throughout the United States and Canada. Every copy is sold with privilege of returning if it is not satisfactory. Until the decimal system of notation is superseded this work will con- tinue to be the standard for finding average dates, and interest at any rate per cent, either of sums or accounts. Price, post-paid, $5.00. Address all orders to MOSES KING, Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. L. L. & MOSES KING, ST. LOUIS, INSURANCE AGENTS AND ADJUSTERS, REPRESENTATIVES OF LEADING American and Foreign Companies, 104 No. Third St., St. Louis. SPECIAL NOTICE to SENIOR CLASS. WARD fir» ALLNUTT, 13 Brattle St., Cambridge, Announce that they are fitting up commodious rooms, to provide a Grand Lunch for seniors and their friends on both Class-Day and Commencement-Day. 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