THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES PRACTICE-BOOK SERIES. ICE, INTERCOLUMN REPORTING STYLE: AMANUENSIS PRACTICE: WITH KEY AND QUESTIONS. NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION. BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM, A.M., M.D.- FOR MANY YEARS VERBATIM REPORTER OF LEGISLATIVE, LEGAL, POLITICAL, TECHNICAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND RELIGIOUS MATTERS, AND CONDUCTOR OF THE NEW-YORK STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC ACADEMY ; AUTHOR OF STANDARD PHONOGRAPHY, EMBRACING MANY NEW AND VALUABLE IM- PROVEMENTS ON THE OLD PHONOGRAPHY ; AUTHOR OF THE STANDARD- PHONOGRAPHIC SERIES (OUTLINE, SYNOPSIS, LITTLE TEACHKR, HAND- BOOK, FIRST AND SECOND READERS WITH KEYS, DICTIONARY, REPORT- ER'S LIST, ETC.) ; EDITOR OF MANY VOLUMES OF PERIODICALS FROM 1853 TO 1892, ET SEQ. (THE UNIVERSAL PHOTOGRAPHER, THE COSMO- TYPE THE PHONOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCER, THE VISITOR, THE STU- DENT'S JOURNAL), DEVOTED PRINCIPALLY TO PHONETIC, PHONOGRAPHIC, AND REPORTING MATTERS ; AND AUTHOR OF BRIEF LONGHAND, SYNOP- SIS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR, PHONOGRAPHIC NUMERALS, ETC. NEW YORK : ANDREW J. GRAHAM, 744 BROADWAY. 1893. ENTERED, ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN TUB YEAR 1889, BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM, IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON, D C. COPYRIGHT, 1892, BY AXDHKW J. GRAHAM. INTRODUCTION. The PRACTICE-BOOK SERIES is designed to afford cheaply a series of practice-lessons, in convenient form for prac- tice ; my beautiful process, Stereography, furnishing a perfect fac-simile of my phonographic penmanship, and, therefore, a clear and trustworthy guide as to the best shaping and joining of characters. These exercises are accompanied by a Key intercolumned, allowing the most ready reference from the engraving to the Key, or the reverse. Foot notes and questions give needed additional instruction. The Practice-Book Series is divided into Ucs=Un vo- calized Corresponding- Style (which will be numbered " No. 1," "No. 2," etc.) and Icr=Intercolumn Reporting (which will be numbered " No. A," " No. B," etc.). The Icr practice-books will be, for a time, devoted espe- cially to AMANUENSIS Practice, that is, practice well calcu- lated to aid the pupil in preparing for amanuensis, or office, work especially for taking down letters and tran- scribing them in proper form. First will be given a number iii IV, of Letters classified as Commercial Correspondence, and these will be followed by specimens of Circular-letters, Letters of Introduction, Letters of Introduction and Credit, and General Correspondence. These are selected from an excellent " Letter Writer " Anderson's Practical Letter- Writer * These will be followed by letters from various sources Home especially of recent actual business ; and other ex- ercises and features will be added, to make it one of the best guides for Amanuensis, or Office, work. The mode of using these Exercises should be as follows : 1. Read the shorthand, with but little reference to the Key, studying the notes, making the references, and an- swering the questions. When the phonography has been read several times and it is as well to read it a few times aloud ; and when it can be read without hesitation, then 2. Copy the engraving one or more times, imitating the points especially showing practical experience, making words and phrases more speedy and legible ; for instance, the use of offsets for hooks, the varying slopes or curva- tures of letters, the mode of xising heaviness (as in En- Dhet'-Kays, in that case), etc. 3. Test the thoroughness of your study and practice by writing each exercise from the Key, using the proper out- lines, phrases and positions. * Which may be used for more extended practice. Price $1.25; postpaid, $1.33. V. The pupil will generally clo best to write his characters about the size of the engraving which is about the size of all the best Standard-Phonographic writers. The best order of studying the reporting-style is the following : 1. Study the " Keporting-Style " part of the Hand-Book, pages 147 to 200.* 2. Study the Second Header, which is calculated to thor- oughly train the pupil in a great variety of reporting: Lit- erary, Scientific, Theological, Political, and Legal. The exercises of the Second Reader thoroughly mastered will be far more effective than many more pages cursorily practiced. Let the reporting-style pupil remember, that he needs to master an art, not simply to gain a smattering of a theory ; hence, that he needs to study and understand The Reporting Lists should be perfectly mastered. Commencing with the Word-Signs (p. 152), proceed thus : " Pee 3[=third position] patent-ed, (Pee 3 -Bel, patentable), party, happy; Pees 1 [=first posi- tion] possible-ility, 2 [=second position] posterior." Use the nomen- clature for the characters, and also write them. It will not be difficult to familiarize ten or twelve lines each day, and also to review those previously studied. Persistently study thus the Lists, as a musical pupil practices his "scales," and you will soon master all the Lists : Word-signs (p. 152-167); Contractions (p. 183-193); Distinctions (p 195-198). The " Reporting Sign-Words" (p. 170-182) are simply a repetition, in common alphabetical order, of the list on p. 152-167. It is well to use the former for testing your knowledge of the latter. The study of the Lists is kept up in connection with the study of the Second Reader and the other reporting-exercise books. VI. very thoroughly each exercise, and then, to gain speed, to write each exercise many times. 3. Study the Lessons to an Ex-Pitmanite ; the notes of which will be especially serviceable in teaching the reasons and principles of the proper reporting-style. 4. Then especially if you -wish to prepare for Amanu- ensis, or Office, work study, accordiug to directions, the Icr Practice -Books. 5. An immense amount and variety of practice may be had, if desired, by the use of the " Hyphenized Exer- cises" in the STUDENT'S JOURNAL for 1879 and subsequent volumes. In these exercises, the proper phrase-writing is shown by hyphenizing ; as, " it-is-inipossible ; " occasion- ally a position is noted by a superior figure ; as, " attrac- tion 3 ," "to-do 4 ;" while other guiding points are noted by other simple devices which do not interfere with the prop- er reading, or sense, of the varied articles thus printed. (). Dormfti.il. When foreign names or words occur, write them as nearly as possible according to sound, and then get, as best you can, the proper spelling. Here the principal difficulty is the final i/ sound, which is repre- sented in the French orthography by il. It may be indicated phonographic- ally by brief Yay either Yeh or Yuh according to convenience. The Yay stroke might be used, but it would suggest a vowel following. AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. (o). Offer. As ~Wwc\ is a word-sign tor form, it is well to vocalize Fen used for offer. (l>). Or have them. One of the various devices tor making junction- sometimes a partial hook, an intiuia- tion of it, as here Dent-Enter and in tin not enter; sometimes, an offset for a hook, as in Pers-Nel-Weuts, jiersmitil Do not commence in times crit- ical or fatal to commerce ; consult both political and public events. If there be war going on, watch its progress attentively, especially if it be a naval war. Be careful not to establish your- self before you possess funds ade- quate to conduct your affairs, to provide for your personal \\ants, and the maintenance of your es- tablishment. Always keep some funds in reserve to meet unfore- seen demands, such as dishonored bills, etc. Unless some very advantageous opportunity offer , do not enter into partnership ; b u t rather labor and accumulate for yourself alone. Let the arrangement of your books precede your operations Continue always to keep them, or- have-them-ke|.t 6 in the strictest order. Above all. be studious to ac- quire a good t'pistolarv style ; tlie art of writ ing n good letter is very rare, and highly wantt (above', frequently varying the direction or curvature of a letter, to sharpen a necessary angle : sometimes joining smoothly where there would strictly be an angle. See Hand-Book, 132. COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE. (a). See Haud-Book, 250, 1. (6). Commissions. See Hand-Book, p. II 1 .!. Rein. 7, t>. (c). Ifouses. Hook made, by offset. See another instance in the phrase on y of a word, that may rratlifi/ l>? xit/>/>li"l. ESPECIALLY IF IT SH<>T'LI) BE Is 1HI WAY OF A DESIRABLE PHRASE. Do not forget yourself in pros- perity ; be nut puffed up" with your success ; and never despise the unfortunate. Recollect that a reverse of fortune can reduce millions to nothing Be exact and punctual in fulfill- ing* your engagements to the utmost. As far as possible, buy and sell for cash, or at the short- est 6 credit possible. By adopting this rule you will avoid the chance of being entangled in complicated affairs, which frequently prove ruinous. Undertake nothing without re- flection, but weigh deliberately all your measures. The rash and in- considerate prosper only by acci- dent, and their prosperity is gen- erally very short-lived. Lead a regular life, and put a restraint upon your expenditure. This will sustain your credit, and it is more* 1 easy to save than to gain. If you find yourself embarrassed or in a critical that you should drop a word when it is a positive convenience in joining, as is often an fi-ii-tl or fh? tick. (d). The mode of turning the circle here implies something, namely, the Ar-hook on Mer. Tees-Emp would have the circle on the left of the Tee. COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE. 11 ii. (a). From hariiifj neglected. As here the writing of the Ing-dot would break tip a desirable phrase, we drop it. Another instance of the same omission occurs in frnm tun-inn hail. t'ref-Dee. To make distinguishable the Ef-hook on curves, regard it as a unclosed Steh or Ster loop (6). At all events. To secure a desir- situation, your first step should be to ask advice. But make a ju- dicious choice of your advisers. Seek them first among those who have h e e n similarly circum- stanced, ttnd then procure the opinion of some other persons. From having neglected" to ask ad- vice, and from having had too much confidence in themselves, many merchants have heen brought to ruin. Be active, assiduous, honest, and upright : but do not imagine that your talents and your virtues will insure success. No ; but by so doing, you will, at all events, have the secret approbation of your own conscience, and the con- solation of having acted in ac- cordance with the c dictates of pru- dence and reason : so that what- ever be the issue of your affairs, you will enjoy the esteem of sen- sil>le men, and the approbation of Heaven. I am, &c. able phrase-sign that is, to write to- gether the words as they are spoken together represent the v of events by the Vee-hook. (c). Drop with here as a word readily supplied. 12 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. (a). 20/A intt. See Hand-Book, g 274- 6. This mode of expressing tyin num- bers (devised by the Author, and intro- duced into his Reporter's Manual in v;is probably the germ of his idea of lengthening of phonographic signs to express ter as well as ther. (6). Commerce. It is advisable, as a LORENT, 25th Jan., '85. MR DORMEUIL, Havre: I per- ceive, my dear friend, by your let- ter of the 20th inst"., that you arc- decided ou entering upon the career of commerce*. I congratu- late you on your resolution. As for myself, I will do all in my power to render our connection both agreeable and useful. I notice that you are stud\ ing exchanges. It is a very essential thing. The profit that a mer- chant may derive from the fluctu- ations of exchange is :m affair of attention and calculation. The value of the moneys known, the par of exchange, and its actual course given, the merchant per- ceives in a moment on what place it is most advantageous for him to remit or to draw, or on what place it is most convenient for him to give orders to be drawn upon. matter of great caution, to write this word in the position of its derivatives Kays-Mer, commercial-ly. Kayi-Mer, wold be chimera, and its plural might conflict with commerce. COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE. 13 C, V -\- t- -V"W- (a). / failures. See Standard-Pho- nographic Dictionary, p. 915. " IN- [add]." Rein. 1. But it is not enough to know these combinations. Another point essentially necessary is to be able to distinguish good bills from bad or doubtful paper. This is a very difficult and delicate mutter ; for, the greater portion of these bills do not represent funds actually existing, but a con- stant use of credit ; and a bill of exchange, although accepted and indorsed, does not always deserve full confidence, because the ac- ceptor, relying upon the appear- ance of solidity in the drawer, may have accepted beyond his means. Thus, my friend, the merchant ought to endeavor to become acquainted with all good commercial houses, both of his own town and of foreign coun- tries. It will be no less useful to him in order to judge of the quality of bills, to know the branch of trade in which each house is engaged. He ought to know as iuuch as possible what houses are interest- ed in failures ; for, although a firm be in good credit, it ought not to enjoy the same confidence if it 14 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. v .?. have sustained losses that may absorb its apparent capital ; and its bills may be only a resource to sustain its credit or to support ruinous speculations. A iia-rcliant who has been careful to gain this information" refuses to negotiate these bills ; but he ought not to allow* anybody to penetrate the motives of his refusal. One must distinguish, among bills of exchange, tho-u which aie drawn or accepted by bankers, from those which are drawn or accepted by merchants not tran- sacting bank-business. Those of a banker have only two objects the profit of a commission, or the profit of exchange. For, tin 6 business of bulking consists in these two operations. Those of a merchant, who does not transact bank-business, have no object but to make a payment, the profit of exrhange and commission being only mixed up with it as accessor- ies, and as a natural consequence <>f the operation. In paying more particular attention to this, yon will perceive in it the foundation of confidence. (a). This information. Though this modifies infm-mnti'M. disjoin the latter, lest (being joined) it should read notion. (b). Ought nut to aU, so that allow may, for sake of legibility, be written in its pos- ition. (c). For the. Do not join over the pause for to the. COMMERCIAL COERESPONDENCE. 15 A. prudent banker draws no bills except to his own advantage, with the exchange always in his favor ; and accepts for no firms not reputed solid, and still to his own advantage. He, then, who draws at a disadvantageous rate of exchange who, seduced hy the attraction of a commission, or bound by previous acceptances which have left him without funds, continues to accept for a house which transacts forced operations, renders his signature suspected For ;i merchant nr ver draws at a disadvantageous rate of exchange, unless forced to do so by the necessity of raising money, and by distress. This dangerous operation 6 is known by the bills that the banker draws upon the same house, or upon another by direction, for his re- imbursement. If in this case we examine this firm with a little at- t e n t i o n , we sh;ill find it embarrassed. For rumors of this state of things always transpire, and the - (a). In In's favor. The hook of the Ver" may be safely dropped, and a common phrase be rendered more easy. It should be observed that in his way 'vould be written with the Way mi the line instead of through. (b). Daiii/t'riin.t operation. The Ar- hook is implied here by the mode of turning the circle. (c). See the Standard-Phonographic Dictionary, p. 107. DHB, (2). and (6) and (c). 16 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. third party who puts his name to the return drafts is invariably un- stable, or concerned in the em- barrassments of the first house. And the reputation of a banker, who has been sufficiently impru- dent to lend his signature, is ,eriously compromised. The mer- ihant who perceives this danger- ous character in bills presented to trim, ought to refuse them, as much from the risk of loss as for his own tranquility. However, this remark must not be regaided as a general rule, and as appli- cable to all places without excep- tion. For bankers, after having satisfied themselves as to the so- liditv of a house, often give them credit without regarding the rate of exchange. This is what we call blank credit ; and the use of this credit may prove necessary to a house in commercial operations, where the profits are far greater than the expense of bills and the loss on the exchanges. In that case" the reputation of the mer- chant, the extent and stability of his business, and the prudence of the banker, insure the credit of these bills of exchange, and form the basis of public confidence. (a). In that case. For easier junction, keep on the heaviness to bottom of that. COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE. 17 (a v . /I commission. To imply emu., write Kben under a, which must in such case be written by Ketoid, on the line (of course). (b\. Here write />rrse>tt tense (consider) or past tense, to save disjoining. With r e g a r d to bills of ex- change, drawn or accepted by merchants who do a commission" business, little attention need be given to the advantage or disad- vantage of exchange. As regards bills of exchange accepted by a merchant who sells by commis- sion for the account of the drawer, he is considered to have funds 5 in hand, and these bills are deemed first-rate. It matters little if the drawer, proprietor of the goods, or the funds which are in the hands of the acceptor, should have been drawn at a disadvan- tageous rate of exchange, on ac- count of some urgent necessity, if it be for real funds and the accept- or solid. The bills of a merchant, drawn for his reimbiirsement upon a house that has given him orders, are also doubly safe, from the so- lidity of the merchant who draws the bills, and the funds which are actually in the hands of the in- dividual on whom the dills are drawn But it is rarely that a merchant, who has given orders for goods, makes a re-imbursement otherwise than to Kis own advan- tage ; because he has at home the means of remitting advantapeous- ly, or at least at par. If it hap- pens otherwise, either the mer- chant is straitened, or he acts imprudently. 18 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. V "V r- ^n But, in both instances, the solid" ity of the commission merchant who has drawn the bills is the rirst point for consideration. The drafts and acceptances of a merchant, given in payment of goods, are of an inferior order, but still generally enjoy good credit ; because we see a reason for them in the purchase of the goods, which with an honest mer- chant is a guarantee of his sol- vency. The result of these ol'servntions, my friend, is, that a merchant ought to have always at hand a note of the most recent vaiiations in the exchanges, in order to see if the bills, which are presented to him, have been drawn at an advantageous or disadvantageous rate of exchange, or at par. Nevertheless, when in doubt concerning the solvency of the drawer, [the acceptor ] or the first in-lorser, a single good indorse- ment suffices to remove the appre- hension, or even to establish con- fidence. Further, we must notice. (a). The acceptor accidentally omit- ted from the engraving. Acceptor should be Spees Ter. COMMKRCIAL ( ORRESPONDENCE. 19 *In all letters of business, it is the iu selecting bills of exchange, if they are conformable, by the date at which they are made due, to the custom of the place from whence they are drawn. There are few places from which mer- chants draw at more than two or three months' date : in this case bills at longer terms do not deserve confidence, unless there exist other reasons for deeming them good. No doubt, my friend, you will find this letter very long : but I consider it very short for the in- teresting subject of which it treats. I am, &c. CIKCULABS. LONDON, Jan. 1st, 1885. Messrs. BELL & Co., Broad Street. GENTLEMEN, We beg to acquaint you that we have opened a house of general agency at the Mauri- tius, under the firm of Young, Fi-rbes & Co.; the two senior members of which have been some years established at Port Louis in the same line, under the firm of Young & Forbes. It is our intention to confine ourselves to commission business, and we venture ... lawyers, etc., usually place the name practice to write the name and address al)( i address at the top of the page: but on the firt pa-ie : because if the super- inofficial letters, they are more fre- scription were torn off, or the cover in queutly written at foot. By some per- which the letter was inclosed were lost, sons, the latter mode is considered it would not app-:ir to whom it had j more respectful, been written. Merchants, bankers, ' 20 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. *r-v / ^x --^/ to solicit your countenance, assur- ing you that the strictest atten- tion shall be paid to the manage- ment of any affairs which you may think proper to intrust to our care. We hope it will justify our con- fidence in addressing you, that we are enahled to refer to the an- nexed 'list of commercial friends, comprising houses of the first em- inence both in Europe and India, on whose consideration and sup- port we have the advantage of being permitted to rely. 6 The signature of the only mem- ber at present in England is sub- joined ; those of the resident part- ners will be given in a circular from the Isle ot France. We are, &c. Voi NO, FORBES & Co. Mr. E Tatham will s-ign. CALCUTTA, July 10th, 1885. B. BASSETT, Esq., London. SIR, It is with deep regret that we have to apprise you of the death of our Prior, Mr. John Allsop, at Cheltenham in Decem- ber last 'The terms "Prior," "Senior," " Principal." and " Chief," are used in discriminately to designate the head partner of a Commercial House ; the first of these is, however, the most in favor at the present moment. (a). Shall lie paid. To make a phrase- sign for this phrase of speech, lapping is advantageously resorted to. (I i). We here advantageously use the principle of joining a dependent infin- itive, to rely. CIRCULARS. 21 (o). Of our deceased partner a prepo- sition [of] and its object is as proper- ly phrased in writing as it is in speech. (6). To hope that. To is written so that hope may be written in its position, for greatest legibility. (c). We shall form a connection, is one phrase of speech ; but we necessarily disjoin form a, and write ection under, to imply the conn. At the same time we have the satisfaction of stating that this mel- ancholy event will in no way inter- fere with the future conduct of our business, arrangements being now in progress for supplying the place of our deceased partner," which afford us every reason to hope that 6 we shall form a connection 6 with a London house of the first respectability, on whom the ac- tive management of our concerns in that city will devolve. For the present, d no alteration will be made in our firm. The surviving partner, Mr. James M'Intosb, will conduct the affairs of the house in this presi- dency, as hitherto ; and we confi- dently hope, from the experience you have had of our uniform punc- tual! ty and regularity that you will continue to favor us" with your cor- respondence ; resting fissured that the same unremitting attention will be paid/ to the interests of all of our commercial friends as heretofore.? We remain, &c. ALLSOP & M'INTOSH (d). "For the pres." will readily sug gestfor the present. Generally omit an article when it stands in the way of a desirable phrase-sign : and also omit it (when not a convenience) from any phrase so familiar that the writing of the article is superfluous. (e). To favor us. Here to is written (not implied), so that favor may be in its assigned position. (/). Will be paid. Paid is phrased, with the rest of the verb, by lapping a sort of (or substitute for) joining. (g). Heretofore. Observe that the po- sition of this word is determined by the vowel of fort ; and that this word is thus distinguished from Reti-Ef, artificial-!y. 22 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. r N AND CREDIT. LONDON, Oct. 1st, Messrs. BRIGHT -rK 5 (a}. Five thousand pounds. The re- porter uses for numbers the common figures when most convenient, as here we write " 5 " for ./fee , but it is clearer to write thousand by the word-sign Ith, rather than by "(WO." .To make the junction between Ith and Pends, curve the former considerably, and make with funds to the extent of five thousand pounds," taking his drafts 5 upon us at three days' sight 00 in reimbursement. We beg that upon similar, and all other occasions, you will freely command our services, d and we remain, &c., G. LYNCH & SON. LONDON, April 5th, 1885. Messrs. HARWOOD & Co. , e Manchester. Gentlemen : We have much pleasure in introducing to your acquaintance Mr. Frederick Mey- er, of the highly respectable firm of Messrs. Gottfried, Meyer & Sons, of Frankfort on the Maine. This gentleman is on the point of commencing/ a tour through out-principal manufacturing towns, with a view sis well to business as amusement. Should it be in your power to further his objects in any way* we shall be particu- larly obliged by your so doing ; and shall be most happy, should the introduction prove of mutual advantage to yourselves and our young friend. * Merchants of respectability prefer having all English bills drawn upon them at very short dates ; in foreign bills they are not particular, as they are regulated by the customs of the respective places whence they are is- sued. Pends with but little slant, as shown in the engraving. (6). Taking Ins drafts. This frequent commercial phrase is here beautifully provided tor, ing beinp dropped as an impediment aud as readily supplied. (c). At three day's sig/tt. This phrase is provided with a sign by the simple principle of joining to a preposition its object. To prevent the sign running too low, the characters are made smal- ler than usual ; as a longhand writer minifies the end of a line, to get a word in. (d). Freely command our services is a 24 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. V? / 25 (Continued from preceding page.) phrase nicely written as shown in Ihe engraving ; comm being implied by writing -and under ; to which we join (as naturally in writing as in sporrln the object, our services. (e). "& Co." is here provided for liy lapping Kay ; which is lapped above In the event of Mr. Meyer re- quiring a supply of cash for his traveling expenses, be so obliging as to acctTmmodate him'' \\ith any sum to the extent of liOO/. , taking his draft on us at three clays' sight for the amount. We remain, gentlemen, your very obedient servants, GEORGE THOMPSON & Co. Mr. Meyer's signature.'" 5 F. Meyer. LONDON, Oct. 28th, 1885. Mr. G. SYMONS, Fabnouth. Sir : Permit me to introduce to your acquaintance the bearer of this letter, Mr. John Phillips, who proceeds to Falmouth on his way to Portugal. Should Mr. Phillips desire to take up cash for payment of his passage, etc., you will please to advance" 4 him any sum - * It is usual, and certainly prudent, to affix the signature of the individual in whose favor the credit is given, for this reason ; the letter might be, lost, and the finder avail himself of it to re- ceive the money ; whereas this impos- ture w ould be easily detected by a com- parison of the signature in the letter, with that to the receipt which the par- ty would be called upon to give. [Ketoid, as under might conflict with oun (or com} implied. (/"). Here of is supplied, com being implied. (g). Vocalize any when the stroke En would more commonly be read as no. (a). Generally drop the article when in the way of a desirable phrase-sign. (6). Here (as usually in the phrase as to) the to is written ; then (ac)comm is implied by writing under, and him is joined to the verb as the object. (c). your very obed(ient) servants. As these words are joined and related in speech, so they are Joined in the writ- ing : and (to insure legibility) Bed is vocalized. (d). To advance. Here to is written so that advance may be written in its as- signed position. LETTERS OF CREDIT. 25 (a). On his house. The circle as here turned implies something, namely, the hook of Hay. Retoidi-Iss-Ray would require the circle on the left. (6). Or his draft. In this sign the or, it will be seen, is distingtiished from not exceeding 1001., taking his draft at three days' sight on his house" here, Messrs. Richards, Phillips & Co., in reimbursement. I shall feel greatly obliged by such marks of civility and atten- tion as you may have ii in your power to show my young friend, whom you will find highly de- serving of your regard. I am, etc., J. CARRUTHERS. LETTERS OF CREDIT. LONDON, May 1st, 1885. Messrs. JAMES POPE & SON, Plymouth. Gentlemen : I take the liberty of opening a credit with you, in favor of the bearer. Mr. John Ash- ton. Any sum of money that this gentleman may require, to the extent of fifteen hundred pounds sterling, be pleased to ad- vance on my account, either against his receipt or his draft* on me to your order, as may be most agreeable c to yourselves. I am, etc., T. CLARK. the and tick, because the latter is pre- ferably written by Ketoid when that will make a good junction. (c). As may be most agreeable is written connectedly as naturally as the words are joined in speech. 26 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. t-^-A-0- X -/ ^ i (a). Barrattd= Barer, and it is pru- dent to insert accented vowels at least, in all unfamiliar names. (b). Freres=frer (French for brother*). The true long quantity of ( (as in this word) may be represented by the sign of a, or by its strict sign (No. 7 in our Extended Alphabet, on page 206 of the LONDON, 16th July, 1885. Messrs. BARRAID," FRERES,* Bankers, Paris. Gentlemen : We request the favor of your furnishing the bear- er. Lord -George Ryder, 6 with any cash that his lordship may require during his stay 1 * in France to the extent of 3,OOOZ. (s-iy three thousand pounds sterling),* tak- ing his lordship's receipt for the sums advanced, and placing the same to our debit. We refer to our letter of this date, per post, for his lordship's signature And remain, etc. HARDY & Co. GENERAL CORRE- SPONDENCE. LONDON, Aug 16th, 1885. Messrs. J. PHILLIPS & Co ^Liverpool. Gentlemen: Being without any of your favors/ to reply to,f my present object - *The mode here alluded to, of giving the signature in a separate letter, which is forwarded immediately per post, is yet more secure than that de- scribed in preceding letter, as it affords no opportunity of imitating the hand- writing. t The original letter commenced thus: " Deprived of your favors, I have to re- quest," etc. This expression, though often used in mercantile correspond- ence, appears objectionable, since we cannot be deprived of that which we do not possess : and useless, because we have no difficulty in expressing correctly what is really meant. Hand-Book), as shown in the engrav- ing. See Hand-Book, p. 203, 9, about " Stenographic Representation of For- eign Vowels." (c). Ryder. Observe how the Ray is made more slanting than usual, to make it join more easily with the Der. (d). During Iris stay. Here during be- ing used as a preposition, we join its object in writing, as naturally as we do in speech. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 27 V/l Continued from preceding page. (e). The sum is written in parenthe- sis in longhand, as a sure interpreter ot the figures : the figures might be al- tered; but not so readily the fully writ- ten words. (/). Anil of your. In many such phrases q/may be omitted and readily supplied. is to request that you will pur- chase on my account twenty-five bags of Peruambuco cotton, in bond, provided you can obtain them, of superior quality, at a price not exceeding 9. 24 locks on our order 11,812, and amounting to $4.80. Locks GENERAL COBKESPONDENCE. 53 on this order" were covered by your bill of April 14th, amounting to $5.20, difference being chain fittings, $0.40. The locks we received had un- like keys, and we returned them to have similar keys. This is prob- ably the cause of second bill. Yours truly, KILLDUFF & Co. ROTHSTEIN & TAGGART, Esqs , Chicago, III. Dear Sirs : We shipped you by express yesterday the lot of 28,000 pairs of reversible bagg,-:ge checks covered by your order of June 5th. I have personally supervised the make up of these checks, material and workmanship, and 6 feel cer- tain that you will have no cause for complaint with them. We have made up a new leather cutter - - (a). Join order to this as shown in the engraving. (6). Join and by Tetoid to word an fl- ed, or added ; and join to feel the rest of the speech-phrase. 54 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. giving wider strap, and I have had a special lot of straps cut and picked out for these checks. I should be pleased to have you carefully examine these checks and straps, criticize same and advise me of result of same. Respectfully, HEXKY JOXE.S. ROBERT PATTERSON, Esq., Buffalo, N. Y. Dear Sir : I inclose you here- with daily statements covering Tuesday, Wednesday, and to-day, which show a number of new cus- tomers, the result of close figur- ing and persistent correspondence. I again saw Lang of the Peo- ple's Line Steamboat Co. to-day, and after submitting samples and getting figures of other cap makers closed contract with him for his caps for the season. The figures are very close, GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 55 but I thought it would be better to meet them than to lose their season's business, and Russell will have to share the difference with us. Proxies come in daily, all in the affirmative on the stock question, [with one exception,]" namely, Geo. Turner, of* Springfield, Mo., who has scratched out the " In favor of," etc. Respectfully, CHANDLER STORMAN. NEW YORK, Nov. 21, 1884. J. W. SMITH, Esq.. General Manager Hoosac Tunnel Line, Chicago, Ills. Dear Sir: Herewith I hand you all papers in claim for overcharge favor Thurber, Whyland & Co., on shipment from New York Oct. 6th, consigned Houston, Murray & Co., Kansas City, Mo. You will notice that they claim in their letter of Nov. 8th, that the weights as ---------- (a). Words accidentally omitted in the engraving. (ft). As a pause occurs before this of, it is better to write the of. 56 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. V <~u^ f. X hf- given by Mr. Tucker are not cor- rect. You will also note that Mr. Tucker says that he arrived at the weights by averaging. Mr. Groves says, allow claim as per weights given by claimants, as they are very careful and correct in all their freight matters. I enclose statement of shipments with contract rates endorsed there- on, approved by Mr. Greves. Please adjust accordingly on weights given by Messrs. Thnrber, Whyland & Co., and very much oblige, Yours truly, F. B. ALLEN, Agent. NEW YORK, Aug. 19th, 1885. J. W. SMITH, Esq , General Manager Iloosac Tunnel Line, b Dear Sir ; Returning herewith voucher and all papers relative to claim account E. P. White & Co., $17.65, received with yours Aug. 13th, beg to say, that E. P. White &Co., of this city, are tin plate brokers, and I named them rate on shipment of tin plate, the tariff on same being, at that time, (o). It is desirable to have a good phrase-sign for this phrase, so frequent in correspondence. (6). That is, H. t T. Line. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 57 "7 \> 4th class, 28 cents East Hannibal to Kansas City." When voucher for their over- charge was made we failed to de- tect that shipment consisted of " pig tin " instead of tin plate. You will notice that our state- ment of Billing reads, 64 packages of tin. It should read, 64 pigs tin. It was an error on part of our clerk here, owing to the tissue manifest being very indistinct, the word "pigs" looking very much like pkgs., and as the shippers deal almost exclusively in tin plate, the shipment was not scru- tized closely. I regret very much that the er- ror was not discovered before the voucher was paid. Yours truly, F. B ALLEN, Agent. NEW YORK, May 8th, 1884. J. A. GRIEK, Esq., General Manager* Chicago, III. (a). A junction not likely to be at ; first thought of, but practical as well ' as pretty. (6). M for manager, struck through Jen, to indicate a contraction. 58 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. xl c^S Dear Sir : Returning herewith papers in claim of Downing & Sons, Kalamazoo, Mich., No. 1890, would say : Shippers gave us this business supposing that we could reach Kalamazoo, and the West Shore Road, billed it in error to Detroit at Detroit town rates. The property should have been billed by the West Shore Line, divided on the regular Kala- mazoo per cents. As the property was forwarded from Detroit by Mr. Reeve s Line, I have no doubt he will accept as proportion, De- troit to Kalamazoo, the regular West Shore Line percentages, Port Huron to Kalamazoo and the West Shore Road will pay its pro- portion of any necessary reduction between New York and Detroit. The property should be charged at the rate of 47 cents, first class, New York to Kalamazoo, as it was a misrepresentation on the part of the shippers in securing a bill of lading as rough skylight glass, fourth class. Yours truly, F. B. ALLEN, Agent. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 59 >W ^A PrrrsBUUG, VA., Sept. 27, 1885 J. S. CLAY, Esq., Svpt. of Construction Division. Dear Sir : Upon examination 11 of your report of August 15th, re- garding the amount of steam used at the premises of the Troy Apart- ment House, 6 it appears that their consumption of steam lias nearly doubled within the eighteen months comprised in the report. I wish you would carefully exam- ine the system in operation at their premises and ascertain (1). Whether such system is it od and economical one for the end to he accomplished. (2) Whether the engine and its appurtenances are in good order and performing work at the best economy. (3). Whether any addition has been made to the power in use since the introduction of the steam the premises, which will ac- count for a part or the whole of he increased consumption. (4). Whether any steps can he raken (and specifying what, if any) whereby greater economy 3an be effected in the consump- jon of steam at the premises nam- ed consistently with the c objects of ts use. Yours truly, GEORGE W. HAHWAY, Manager. (a). In writing the phrase upon exam- nation, omit the En-hook of Pen as an mpediment, or hindrance. (6). Here oniit the n of apartment, and ise an oft'set for the hook of h in Hays. (c). Consistent the is easily read as an bridgemeut of consistently with the.. GO AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. \-> PmsBURG, VA , June 13, 1886. WILLIAM HANDON, Esq. Real-Estate Agent, 207 Allegheny St. Dear Sir : Yours of the llth is received, iu which you ;>sk that wo will cause an examination of the premises above-named to be made, as you believe the bills are much too high, 6 being considerably in excess of those charged for the same period" last year. I inclose herewith the report of our survey- or, who examined the premises agreeably to y< ur request ; from which you will see, tliat steam- pistons' on the pump are out of order and blow through, causing waste of the steam ; and that he recommends that a new set of rings for the steam cylinders should be provided ; and that the makers of the pump should examine the lat- ter on the water end, to deter- mine whether the inlet and dis- charge valves are in good condi- tion. It is believed that compli- ance with* the suggestions of Mr. Charles Elder will result in much increase of economy in the con- sumption of the steam. Yours respectfully, ABIEL WHITTLESET, Engineer- in- Clt ief. (a). The name 1'ittsburg being famil- iar, we may drop the heavy horizontal. (b). The lourtli position is sometimes advantageously used to imply too, in- stead of to ; as i, too high. See the Die- tic nary. (<). Km is in many cases advanta- geously widem-d to add p oi a follow - ug word; as in Ef--Petoid-Semp-Kay- Dee, for 1'ie same period. (d). With may be readily supplied here. The following the (Cbutoid) is conveniently added to the Ens-circle. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 61 A iq/s6 26,660..^.. NEW YOKK, Oct. 19th, 1886. Overcharge Claim, $19.42. Frank McCain. R. S. McALLismi. Esq., Agent, St. Joseph, Mo. Dear Sir : All papers in above handed you herewith, again ; in reply beg to say, that the prac- tice of estimating weight of fruit at 80 pounds per box was done away with some time ago, and all of the" roads from here are now charging actual weight. I, therefore, see no possible way in which we can make settlement with Mr. McCain, except on basis of actual weight, 26,660. This question has been befoie the Commissioner on several occa- sions, and each time he has refus- ed to entertain the matter. Therefore, it would be a waste of time for us to bring the matter before him again. Please explain this 6 to Mr. Mc- Cain, 6 and ask him to change his bill to read on basis of 26,660 pounds, when we will have the matter put through promptly as possible."* Yours truly, F. B. ALLEN, Agent. (a}. Ketoid (and); adding all by the El-book; and adding f/by the El book; to which the is added by Retoid. (6). That is, "plea'splain-this," omit- ting one of the s-sounds. (c). See MAC in the Dictionary. (d). Promptly] as poss[ible\. 62 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. Tgf ) / CHICAGO, ILL., Aug., 5th, '86. S. J. SMITH, Esq., Prest. N. J. & B. T. R. R. Dear Sir: I have yours of Aug. 2nd. I cannot find that any lease was ever given hy the T B. & 0. A. a 11. R. Company to your Com- pany, for the use of the station at Annisquam. If you have any copy of such a lease I would be obliged if you would lend it to me 6 , or send IDC a copy of it for my in- formation. The absence of such a paper in the past is one of the reasons why I have not thought it necessary that a lease should be made Before considering the question further, I wait to hear from you. Very truly yours, S. J JAMES, G\eneral\ CHICAGO, ILL., Sept. 22nd, 1886. JOHN SMITH, ESQ , No. 120 Wall St , New York. Dear Sir : Referring to yours of Sept. 20th, I send you a state- ment of our G. B. ........ (a). "&-O.-A. " Ketoid ((), Dedoidz (O.), Ketoid (A.) (6). To omitted as a hindrance. (c). J for General and M for Manager. The intersection aids legibility a sort of equivalent of periods after initial letters in G. M.. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 63 >, / O j ^^/ h ^., Agent, a who has investigated the matter and from which it appears that our people were not given to understand anything 6 about the character of, or necessity for the transportation of the case in ques- tion by the passenger, and in ac- cordance with our usual custom, he was referred to the express. I am sorry he did not call for Mr. Moses, or did not state the case to the man with whom he was dealing, as we certainly should have taken it* had the circum- tances been understood. Very truly yours, J. K. WALLBRIDGE. NEW YORK, Nov. 10th, 1886. Re Policy No. 217,346. Grace. EMERSON SARSFIELD, Esq. , Arendtsville, Pa. Dear Sir : Your favor of the 8th inst. with enclosures as stated 6 was duly received. In reply we would say that Mr. Grace is en- tirely in error as to his/ rights under this policy. It is well set- tled under the general current of legal decisions that the title to a (a). Accidentally omitted in the en- graving. (6). Were-not-ffiven (a compound neg- ative verb) as naturally written as spok- en together to which join the depend- ent infinitive (to understand) omitting the to (easily supplied) ; then add the object, anything. (c) As is adapted to wei, for greater legibility. (d). It added by shortening Ten, tak- en. (e). As, Iss2, enlarged to add the s of Stet (a convenient duplicate form for state). (f). Spetsoid 2 , as to his, may be well written Ses 2 , that is, dropping to, that his may be added by enlarging the cir- 64 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. life-policy from the momeut of its issue is vested in the benefici- aries named, and they only can control it." The person upon whose life 6 the insurance is writ- ten although he may have made the application for the insurance and although he may pay all the premiums under it, has no ii-ht to dispose of the policy nor any right under it It is in the nat- ure of a complete gift, and as such 6 beyond his authority. The con- tract under the policy is, first, to pay Mrs. Grace, and in the event of her prior death, to his children, and in rase there are neither wife nor children, then to his legal representatives. The Company had no knowl- edge of his having had a previous wife, and children by her, and, in the absence of any communications to the contrary, the presumption was thdt he desired all of his child- ren to benefit by the in.-urance in case of the prior death of his wife; and the policy was written ac- cordingly. Mr Grace aer<-j tnl the policy without objection, and it having been"* in force all these years, no change can now be made unless under the judgment of the l>roper court after due legal pro- ceedings. The Company has no objections to enter proceedings for a rever- sion of the policy -------- (a). Trel 2 , control-led, way be short- ened to add it. (b). Life written with El to admit of joining. (c). Ketsoid'-, ami as, adding s of such by enlarging the circle. (d). Omitting the ing-dot, to prev breaking up the phrase. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 65 in accordance" with Mr. Grace's wishes, provided such proceedings are entirely at his own expense. The contract as it now stands un- der the information we have, runs to Mrs. McGregor, the daughter of Mr. Grace, as the sole beneficiary. The Company cannot legally pay the value of the cash dividend to another 6 person. We regret that there should have been any complication in the case, but the Company has no op- tion in the matter. We return the inclosures re- ceived with your letter. Yours truly, ARCHIBALD BARTHOLDI, President. BOSTON, MASS , Dec. 12th, 1886. DR. J. W. SANDFORD, Jamestown, I la. Dear Doctor : Yours of Dec. 8th declining to examine for us for a less fee than five dollars is duly received and contents noted. Our circular sent you, though of recent date only, embodied what was al- ready our custom as to the pay- ment of medical fees, and we re- gret - - (a). With is very easily supplied, and its omission saves the breaking up of a phrase-sign. (6). The consonant of to substituted for the vowel, to admit of lengthening for thr=their, there, [an}other. (c). Ketoid 2 (awd):Tents-Net (contents noted). The Ens-circle of contents, is not changed by adding Net. Tet-Iss Net would have the circle on the other side of both letters. 66 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. ixtreniely that you differ from us as to the proper fees allowed by ;his Company for medical exam- "natious. Our fees are graded ac- cording to the population of the places whore the medical examin- ers reside. In small towns and villages of less than 1 * three thou- sand population we allow a fee of ihreo dollars, and in larger towns and cities we allow five dollars. These fees aie based upon the dif- ference which exists in the cost of living and all the prime necessities of life between cities and small towns. The rule was established after careful deliberation, and on consultation with several of the other leading life insurance com- panies. It has been almost uni- versally accepted by our examin- ers as just and proper. The same difference in fees exists through- out the country, and where the fee for a medical visit in New York city is from three to five dollars, in small towns ten miles distant from it the regular fee is only two dollars. There would seem to be no reason in equity why the same difference should not be made in fees which are to be paid for ex- aminations when for insurance companies as exists in the scale 6 of charges for medical services in other branches of practice. We hope you will see the just- ness of the rule we have adopted, and continue to act as our exam- fa). Less downward, to join more eas- ily with than. (b). The In-hook has here a double advantage over the En-stroke : the lu- hook joins more easily to Skel (scale], and does not take the latter from its proper position. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 67 \f~ (a). A stroke may be added to an Ens- circle, provided it does not bring the circle in the position of a simple cir- cle. It' to Jens you add Kay, you will have only Jays-Kay ; but Jens-En dif- fers from Jays-En. (6). These initials if pronounced "Em-Dee," are best written as in the engraving. Yours truly, ORLANDO JOHNSON," M. D. 6 NEW YORK, Oct. 13th, 1886. G. W. BLENHEIM, Memphis, Tenn. Re(c) Policy No. 198,349. Johnson. Dear Sir : Your favor of the 10th ultimo duly received. Iu reply we would say that the rule of the Company as to permits for residence in Memphis and vicinity is so well understood, that we can hardly imagine an agent would solicit insurance in that locality without stating the rule to the ap- plicant. Without discussing the matter further in this case, and simply calling your attention"* to the agreement in your application as to the statements made by you to the agent in communicating to the Company, in writing, in con- nection with the* application, we would say that the Company is disposed under the circumstances as stated/ by you, to endeavor to make some arrangements satisfac- tory to you, by which you may retain the insurance, in considera- tion of your havings re.-ided at the South for a large portion of the last four years, and that you are to remain in Memphis, only - - (c). Re for in re, is the Latin for " in the matter " [of]. Better say, " Con- cerning," instead of affecting a little Latin. (d). And simply call[ing\ y[our attention. (e). In [conn implied]c- (a) That is, (&). In railroad offices it would An- swer to write Ter-Kel-Ing for track-lay- ing; Ter-Kler, track-layer. (c). In writing the speech-phrase at no very distantday, the writer makes (so far as is convenient) a correspondent writ- ing-phrase, breaking up after very, to reply, I am, Very respectfully, THOMAS BROWN, Vice-President. " RED WING, MINN., Dec. 1st. 1886 Dear Sir : Hereiu find, for your order No. 17, a draft on the Met- ropolitan National Bank for $100,- 000, payable to the order of Benny, Parrey & Co., being the amount of their September esti- mate. I am surprised at the rap- idity with which the track-laying 6 onthe"Kiver Division "is being done. I filed to-day Swamp-Land List of Selections No. 10, and some of the land embraced in that list, par- ticularly that in Township No. 60, Range 18, Section 36, is likely to become very valuable to the Com- pany at no very distant day." It is witb pleasure that I inform you that, d at last, I have succeed- ed in making an amicable arrange- ment by which Mr. Micawber will avoid running too far below the line, and to give the hand a new impulse. Not because Ver would not join prop- erly with distant, for, it would very modifying distant, and Ver (with the heaviness kept on) running easily into Dee. (d). This is an example of many phrases in which the conjunctive titat is separated from its governing word by a pronoun ; as, inform you that, ttll them that, wrote him that, in all which it is desirable to keep up the current of writing correspondent to the speech. In such cases, you preceding that is sometimes written by Yeh, but more generally by Yuh joined as in the en- graving. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 71 succeed Mr. Perkins as a Director, at the annual meeting" to be held Jan. 1st, 1887. I have just received a telegram from Mr. Johnson, informing me that he will arrive 6 in time to par- ticipate in the meeting of the Ex- ecutive Committee. I had a long interview with Mr. Gammon, of Quirk, Gammon, & Snap, this morning. He assures me that we have a perfectly clear and good case, and confirms the position I have held 6 for the past two years. He endorses the opin- ion of the court in "Smith vs. Jones," reported in the Federal Reporter, June number, 1884, page 545. I think now, as does Mr. Gammon, that the proper course is to d institute a suit against some one who has taken up one of our quarter sections, 6 as a trespasser, asking for his eviction and the quieting of our title. Very respectfully, THOMAS BROWN, Vice-President. To JOHN HOPKTNSON, President, New-York, N. T. (a). The ing-dot of this phrase might safely be omitted by the experienced writer. (6). Dhet-Chetoid Lay-Ref should be made with Chetoid slightly slanted arid the Lay quite slanting, so that the two may not interfere. Dhet 1 -Cheltoid-Ref would be allowable. (c). Observe that but a portion of the hook of Teftoid is made here, in order that / have may be joined to held. (d). Generally, it is best to write Spetoid for is to, as to, and then put fol- lowing word in its place. (e). AsPretoid for of our would be out of position here, it is better to omit the of and join Ar for our. Wen 2 -Ar, one of our ; then add Kay-Werter (quarter), to which add sections. 72 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. IJ&6 ' f\ ^ \ ' - zav ' 5 -?i/6\ I _ / /-I I > I) , omit- ting the and as an impediment. (). That is, Gay tor G., which (to note contraction) is transected by P.; then write Ketoid for < , join T., then add Ketoid for A. = Agent here. In many cases, it will be better to substitute the the word-phrase for such initial- phrases. 74 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. (a). The initial // iu name-phrases is often written nicely by the /(-tick. Here it does not join quite easily with Hereford, and so we disjoin the latter. (It), "c'o" is a common losghaud contraction ; in which < (written above the line, standing for cure) is joined to Cbay (the old-style apostrophe), con- nected with o (on the line) for orer. This is both distinct aiid short for the OMAHA, NKB., Jan. 2ith. \ MR. GEO. H. HEREFORD, Care of> T. 6'. 1 'an Xtce fa Co. , St. Paul, Minn." Dear Sir : Referring to your fuvor of 7th inst., I do not under- stand clearly from your letter just what the ground for complaint is.* If you held a ticket to Goth- enburg,' and wished baggage checked/ to North Platte, the agent was correct in refusing to do so, as agents are not allowed to check baggage beyond the destin- ation of tickets. This you will , find is the rule of all railroads. | Under our present regulations, we do not give stop-overs on local tickets. There is no rule, how- ever, forbidding them to check baggage short of destination on any first-class ticket whether stop- i overs are allowed or not. You state in first paragraph of your letter having sent your bag- gage, 1550 pounds, on to North Platte ; then further on you state that you were not allowed to do so. Please explain the case more fully; and, if there is anything we can do to remedy the difficulty and protect ourselves, we shall be glad to do it. Yours truly, B. li. WOOD, G. T.A stenographer, lor care of or in care of, in addresses. (c). Here scant epace suggests \<\ r..<- inj; a familiar address. (d). Why not join is to complaint? Be- cause complaint is not the subject of is. (e). This name Laving a German look we give the tk the sound of t. The pro- nunciation may be in this country (;.v thenberg, for which I would write Gay- Then-Bee-Ray-Gay. (/). If you need a quicker form, Use special contractions : Bee 2 tChay, bag- gage check-fd; Chay Bee, check-ed. bag- gage. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. ^/ (a). Cow here is not like the prefix con=with Therefore it is not entitled to he expressed by the con-dot. The syllable con here is properly written Ken, like other syllables of the sort ; cane, can, kin. The syllable rail will be written most distinctly Ray Dee, as are ride, road, rod, etc. If familiar with GKEEN ISLAND, N. Y , Feb. 1st, 1887. CONKAD" INGEUL, Esq., Dear Sir : Relative to attached correspondence in regard to "grinding" car wheel treads, I would say that, in my opinion, the advantages gained by this practice are very much overrat- ed. 6 I concede," however, that a chilled wheel* that is compara- tively new, and flange not too much worn, may be ground suffi- cient to remove flat spots of not more than two and a half* inches in length, without materially in- juring the chill, providing the wheel is perfectly round, and bor- ed exactly central. As it is almost impossible to secure these latter conditions, the process of grinding must of necessity leave the surface of tread of different degrees of hardness or temper The diamet- ric reduction necessary to remove a flat spot 2 1-2 inches long (as- suming the wheel to be round and centrally bored), would be about 16-100 of an inch; but the varia- tions alluded to might cause a further reduction. the name, Red might answer for such syllables joined, as in Pref-Red, prefer- KED ; Red-End, REDundant-ce. But in unfamiliar names, Red might be trans- lated more properly rat, etc. (6). Why not write Ver'-Ret? Over- rate is Veri (over) plus Ray'-Tee ; and you properly shorten the Tee for ted. (c). Most conveniently written Tet- oid 1 , /; underwriting implies con-; Sdee 1 , -cede. Or write / in its place and write Sdee for concede, writing either the con-dot, or supplying it in the reading. When fiimilianzed, the briet- est method here (as in ten thousand other cases) is the most legible. (d). To secure a junction here, Wei (wheel) is written downward. (e). In this phrase-sign, the a is omit- ted as an impediment. AMANUENSIS PBACTICE. -v The loss of metal would not materially affect thc a durability of tlie wheel, if the ground surface were left exactly parallel to the original periphery. In the case of a wheel that has made from 30,- 000 to 40,000* mileage, as a rule the flanges are too much worn to justify grinding. I am not certain that steel- tired wheels may not be trued-up more economically by grinding than l>y turning in a lathe. The flanges, in any event, would require to be finished by the latter process. Yours truly, THEODORE QUACKENBOSS. DOVER, N. J., Feb. 3rd, 1887. FOLSOM CHUZZLEWIT, ESQ., Dear Sir : I submit herewith detailed estimates of cost of FLit, Coal, Stock, and Box cars for the Toledo, Ann Arbor & North Mich- igan R. R Co. (a). How shall we treat this speech- phrase would not materially affect tiie? We join would not, Wiih--Xft ; disjoin materially Iroru the preceding not (be- cause it is not easy to join distinguish- ably a shortened and a lengthened let- ter without an angle between them); we write EP (affect} in its special posi- tion for greatest legibility ; join the ; and then disjoin durability (to avoid running too lar below the line). (6). Here work finely our two devices a long slanting stroke joined to com- mon figures, for ty ; and Ith as a word- sijju for thousand. With which in the phrase " to 40,000," combines bcauti- lully our device, the fourth position, implying the to. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 77 I wish to call your attention to the fact that these estimates are made under considerable disad- vantage, as, although we have, on several previous occasions, com- piled estimates for these cars, we have not, at any time, seen any drawings of them. There is, Low- ever, a comparatively complete bill of materials attached to the specifications, and our estimates have been compiled from these. Generally, there is reason to be- lieve, however, that serious dis- crepancies may be found in these bills ; and in the absence of more definite information, I have fol- lowed them as far as possible. The board measurement of the lumber does not appear accurate in detail, though the total quan- tities per car are probably about right. For the Box Car roof the bill allows only 611 feet. It is a dou- ble-board roof, and I have felt it requisite to increase that quantity to 770 feet per car. For Flat and Coal Cars the bill allows 712 feet, which is not suffi- cient. I have increased it to 735 feet per car. In regard to the quality of the lumber, I have estimated upon the use of our standard freight car grades ; ----------- 78 AMANUENSIS HJACTICE. ttt , , \ C_ \ \ ^^ I* r \ \ , L^__. (^ L say, sills two corners heart, floor- ing one face heart, siding "A" strips, roofing first and second clear stiips, and inside lining "C" Norway strips. The dimension lumber would be comparatively unseasoned, and the lining, siding and roofing properly kiln-dried. The specifications call for a standard or Hewitt journal bear- ings. I have estimated ou Hewitt bearings. The exact meaning of the term "Standard," we cannot determine without an inspection of the drawings. The weight of the channel bar is given as 440 Ibs. per car, and it is specified to be 7-16- inch thick. A channel bar, such as we gener- ally use, ought to weigh 455 Ibs. per car, and the web is 5-10 inch thick. It would appear that the channel bar, as specified, should weigh about 534 Ibs , if the web be increased to 7-16 inch ; and it will weigh still more if any in- crease is made in the thickness of the flange. Yours truly, Al-rilCiXSK AniSAMONTE. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 79 CHILLICOTHB, OHIO, March 1st, 1887. UODOLPHUS SEWELL, ESQ., Dear Sir ^-Referring tu enclosed letter from General Manager of the Cincinnati Elevated Railway Com pan), in i elation to sample trimmings left with this Compa- ny, for our guidance in the con- struction of their cars, I would beg leave to state that all this materi- al was shipped back a week or ten tlays ;igo, consigned to the Rail- way Company, care Master Me- chanic, No. 98 Vine Street, with the exception of one each top and side grab iron, one each inside and outside journal box guides, and one hand strap rail, which we ave been unable to find, aid which must either have been used in the construction of the cars, or scrapped, by mistake, after their completion. Bill for these items may, therefore, be rendered us by the Railway Company, and we will make settlement for same. Yours truly, Oil K 1STOPII EH 11 KT.TAWEIiIi. 80 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. - 1 '-__ ->) r* WEST ALBANY, N. Y., Feb 3rd, 1887. EUGENE SWARTZ, ESQ., Dear Sir : I atu in receipt of your favor of 9th inst , relative to proposed changes iu the nine coaches still to be built for the Kana'wha & Ohio R. R. I under- stand that we are to retain the Challender trussing, as well as the present form of hood, and their standard platform; and that we are to make no change in the framing, except where necessitated by having square window-tops and door -tops. I also note that the interior finish is to be of cherry, and is to resem- ble the Newport Nes & Mississip- pi Valley cavs, including similar- ity of basket racks, heading and decoration. There is to be a Lad- ies' toilet room provided at the opposite end from the gent's clos- et. Yours truly, HOWARD BRYANT. GENERAL COKKESPONDENCE. 81 (a). For the colon customarily follow- ing Dear Sirs and other words of ad- dress, the note-taker may use the slant- ing line commonly representing a per- iod, but. which may be used for a colon or semicolon. But, if the writer is needing to save every stroke he possi- bly can, he may ouiit it safely after AMERICAN WINDLASS CO. SCHOONER WILLIAM WILSON, BOSTON, Maich 1st, 1887. MESSES. EMERY & CHENEY, Dear Sirs : tt I am pleased to in- form you of the perfect working and my entire satisfaction with your Patent Elastic Chain Stopper,} which I have had in use, on board the above named vessel, for the past five mouths. I have given it some very severe tests, 6 and find it fully up d to any emergency. While at Galvestou, I \\as compelled to lay outside some two weeks, and during this time rode entirely by the Stopper, with a single chain of thirty fathoms. During this peri- od we experienced two or three heavy blows from the south-east and north ; and the ease with which the vessel rode was remark- ed by all on board. I was compelled by stress of weather to put into Cape Ann on the outward passage, where we rode out a very severe gale with one anchor and chain on the Stop- oer. the other anchor being dis abled. Dear Sirs, and similarly-used words of address. (1>). If a special contraction should be desired, phonographically express in briefest distinctive manner the ini- tials p. el. chn-st. (c). In this speech-phrase I have giv- en it some very severe tests it is neces- sary to disjoin after very and also after severe. Though very modifies severe, the junction is impractical ; and though severe modifies tests, we cannot join the two words ; that is, not prac- tically, having reference to ease of junction, lineality, and speed. (d). Fully modifies up here, and the words are as naturally joined iu writ- ing as in speaking. 82 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. \ c- (a). The tngr-dot is more usually em- ployed in words of two or more strokes, as surging, bringing, lor space-brevity ; but in (>ringing-n/i. as tin 1 phrase occurs here, the ing is better represented by the In 1 ; stroke, to avoid breaking-lip tli is natural phrase, brinying-up. I iind it a great relief upon chains in riding in open road- steads, and especially so in getting anchor in a sea-way, as all of the surging and sudden bringing up of the chains upon the windlass, which so often breaks chains, is obviated by the Stopper. Any further information* you may wish in regard to the matter I will most cheerfully give at any time.c Respectfully yours, SAM. P. WILSON, Master Schr. William Wilson.d (6). Any further information is one phrase ; and the junction between Ferdher and Enshou would not be dil- flcult. Why disjoin Eushon 1 Lest perchance it should be read notion. Such errors become less possible with each day's experience. (c). Hero / will most cheerfully give makes you expect an affirmative at any time, and not the more usual sense of Tee :! -En-Tee, at no time. So we can here avoid either the disjoining (to put any in its position) or the vocaliz- ing any with e. (d) The initial w may, for greater care, be written, or it may be dropped as a superfluity or hindrance, in some familiar words or names ; as, Wel2, well; Slays 2 , as well as (where the Way- hook would be a hindrance); Lay 2 , will (the frequent auxiliary verb, in which the w would be a superfluity and also a hindrance; Wcl'.wt'W (the uouii in which the w is well to distinguish will from law); WeL-Ein, William (in which name it is generally superfluous); WeLs-En, Wilson lin which the w might in some cases be necessary to distinguish Wil- son from Allison, Lawson, etc., written Els-En). In the compound name Wil- liam Wilson, we may omit the w from each of the names. This omission proves doubly advantageous in Wilson here, saving the writing of the w-hook, and making easier the junction with the preceding stroke. ( MJNKKAL CORRESPONDENCE. 83 J - To whom it may concern : The schooner " Hero," of * tons measurement, on Dec. 20th, 1879, became jammed in the draw- to our freight yard draw-bridge. The power from an ordinary cap- stan windlass and a locomotive was of no avail. The delay in closing the bridge was becoming a serious matter, when the steam tug ' ' H. Chapel ' ' was applied to d for assistance. Her method of doing the work was unique and simple. Making herself fast to lines ahead she backed down, took on board the schooner's haw- ser, which was made fast to her Patent Steam Capstan, and work- ed with an extraordinary power by connecting with her main en- gine shaft. It (the power) was applied so even and steadilv that it could be hardly realized, the only evidence perceptible was the reduced size of the hawser, which, when passed out, measured six inches, (a). This style of address, which may be called a " statement form," gives sometimes a freedom that the " person- al address " form would hardly allow. (6). In transcribing, substitute tue ascertained number or other equiva- lent of the dash, if so desired, or. in reading your notes, read the dash as "blank " so and so. (c). To distinguish hero no avail from no vitlitf, put in the initial dot of avail. (d). A beautiful instance of lappin;; where joining would be impossible. AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. ' v n' but when the vessel gave way un- der such strain (variously esti- mated from 500 to 1,000 horse- power), the hawser had become a solid bar of 4-inch manilln. It \v;is at this point the unique work- ing of the boat and Capstan came to notice. As the vessel gradual- ly came out from the draw and was free from it, the tug forged ahead with her vessel in tow, took in her head lines and towed the vessel to her wharf. This was ac- complished without slacking upon the hawser, or running out or taking in extra lines from the schooner, or ceasing of pulling during any time the hawser was attached to the Capstan. The ex- planation given us was this : the Capstan being attached to the main engine shaft, the propeller Mades rotate with it, and at the moment the increased power is not needed, by a simple lever the Capstan gear was disconnected, leaving the tug its regular towing facilities, while the Capstan, ceas- ing to turn, had become the tow- iug bitt of the tug. The time oc- cupied in rendering us" this valua- ble service was less than one hour. 4 (Signed) CHARLES W. ASH. Yard Master, Boston < Lowell R. R. (a). Here two valuable expedients are combined : The Ar-hook on En prefixes the r of render, and tbe rn^-dot is drop- ped, in order to prevent adding the us by the circle. (6). To prevent breaking up this phrase, the than is dropped, and \vi> readily supply the word in reading less 'one. hour. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 85 -N^rv-^^f -y? r^>.y/.. ; J^, L 'v.. x/ CETTE, Oct. 24th, 1872. MONSIEUR" JULES E. LEGER,* .Fecamp. In reply to your letter upon the subject of the trial of the " Stop- per "during my last cruise upon the Banks of Newfoundland, I can answer you that this system is the best invention that I have ever known to prevent rupture of chains. With this Stopper there is no need of usin. that, where we break up iu writing the re- mainder of tho speech-phrase. (c), Fnrafnodays. This phr!ise-si:i omits the / the way (of supplied). Being a for- eign word, it is well to put iu the ac- cented vowel to make the reading eas- ier. (d). In many offices this phrase would be so familiar that its consonants may safely be expressed iu the very briefest way ; as Bel-Eld ; that is, ns- iug Bel (instead of Bee-Lay) for bill ; omitting tin- of (us frequently between two related nouns) and writing Eld for laJ[ing]. AMANUENSIS PIUCTICE. *.-\ v.. L of Jones & Curtis or Jones & Co. Mr. Wesson thinks that this order was placed through their Chicago house, Meyer & Co., and as they carry a large stock" of flour at all times probahly the order will be filled from there Yours truly, Louis SHELD, Com' I A'-fnt. O.. Mar. 2d, 1887. H. K. MACFARLANE, K Dear Sir : Answering your fa- vor of llth nit., I beg leave* to ad- vise you that we shall arrange to manufacture the window screens which you require for the five new drawing room cars, viz., three ad- ditional for each car, or fifteen in all. We will also see that cars leaving here in future are likewise provided ; and in the event of any cars leaving the works before the additional quantity can be manu- factured, they will be subsequent- ly forwarded. (a). An illustration of the occasional changing of a form for convenience of joining ill occasional phrases. The general form for stuck would be Steh- Kay, but as (lie Stch loop would join but awkwardly with Jay :l , the junction is wade easy by substituting Iss-Tee for the loop. But observe- that such occasionally convenient form would not require as the general (or regu- lar) lorin Iss-Tee-Kay, instead of Steh- Kay. The most general principle of selecting forms is. In m-lfct tlif briefest i itsil;/ i-i'i-iili;nli!f. fnrin ; having to con- sider at limes ximilnr words, and the eonvenienc e of joining derivative let- ters. (6). A very convenient mode of writ- ing !'>;/ Inn--', that is. by using the consonantal expression : as. Hi -.--(111 !'.'"'.'/ l'' : and tln> reporter, of course, is not so limited as the !>,- giiim r is, to select easily vocali/.alile forms in such cases. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 91 Regarding omission of bell-cord hangers in the smoking-room a ves- tibule, I have pleasure in report- ing that we 6 corrected this omis- sion in the cars now under con- struction, and have forwarded to your address the five hangers re- quired for the cars 6 which left here unprovided with them. Trusting this will be satisfac- tory, I am, Yours truly, HORNER SHOLLEU. CHICAGO, April 15th, 1886. CAMPBELL PRINTING PRESS AND MANUFACTURING Co. : Dear Sirs : Your favor of the 14tli inst. is at hand, and we here- by state that we have bought two second-hand presses from you for bag work which we found entire- ly as you represented, and so well overhauled that our expectations were fully realized. We remain, yours respectfully, LIPMAN & Co. (a). It is an advantage here to prefix in by the In-hook (adapted to the position of the word smoke). The the and ing are omitted as impediments to the phrase- writing. (6). In advantageously adds re (of re- porting) by the Ar-hook : and the ing- dot may well be omitted so that we may join the dependent that we. Here it is w.-il to break up and write corrrct- ed in its position, and joining its ob- ject, this omission. (c). That we may join cars to the, we need here to write Petoid for (lie arti- cle. So also in the phrase for the cars below. AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. L \ MIDDLETOWN, CONS., April 15tli, 1886. CAMPBELL PRINTING PRESS AND MANUFACTURING Co." Gentlemen : The second-hand Hoe three-revolution press winch we puichased of you last fall 6 has given us excellent satisfaction, and we can sec no difference be- tween its work and that of a new press of the same kind and make. Yon will please accept our thanks for the uniform courtesy extended to us by yourself and your em- ployes. We are, yours truly, THE MIDDLE-TOWN PUB. Co. , F. Afford, Treasurer. LOUISVILLE, KY., April 2d, 1886. CAMPBELL PRINTING PRESS MANU- FACTURING Co. : Dear Sirs : It is now about two years since we bought a large second-hand two-revolution Hoe press from your firm. We bought it without set-ing it, entirely upon your statements and recommend- ations. It is proper to say that when we received it. it had been thoroughly overhauled, and has piven us entire satisfaction. We have been using it steadily during the. two years, and it docs its work almost as well as a new machine. (a). That is, Kay for Campbell, Pee for Printing, Pee for Press, ami sup- plied, Em-Kay for Manufacturing Co. (b). Las' written downward, to join easily to Fel,/o//. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 1)3 ~0 -fc,,i FORT SCOTT, KANS., April 17th, 1886. CAMPBELL PRINTING PRESS AND MANUFACTURING Co. : Dear Sirs : The second-hand press a Cottrell & Babcuck cy- linder, GO inch bed" we bought of you under the representations made to us, that while it was sec- ond-hand it was in all respects as good as new. AVe so found it, and have run the press over a year, printing our mammoth weekly, and four pages of our eight-column daily at the same impression, and we are more than satisfied with our bargain. Yours respectfully, JOHN H. 6 RICE & SONS. FRANKLIN,' N. Y. , April loth," 1886. CAMPBELL PRINTING PRESS AND MANUFACTURING Co.: I take pleasure in stating that the Potter power press purchased of the Campbell Press Co., and which was thoroughly overhauled and repaired by that firm, d as agreed upon, has done excellent service, -- (a). Here the figure "6" is written up, so that -ty may be added by length- ening (see Haud-Book, 274, 6) ; to which add the word inch, and then led. (6). A good instance of writing a name-initial by the tick A by Chetoid here. (c). The first figure of a date may generally be joined with a little saving to the name of the mouth ; as Jay-Eu- 15; Ef-Bee-Thred, Feb. 3rd: Prel-"first;" Jenst, June 1st : En-Vee-Skend (or -2), A'o. 2nd. (d). The preposition by (in writing as in speech) is naturally joined to its ob- ject, that firm. !H AMAM'KXSTS PRACTICE. ww ^ ^\ (a). Dheedher \viH have tin- first length rest in the position 1 bi^li enough so that the second length will ivress,,but power-press, anil even more /V/>/- ]n>ifn--f>ress. i'/'. 7>ss is better written downward, to join than easily. (e\. Yuli- ()/>) is easily joined to the verb Fren I f/&7 103 CORNING, IOWA, May 1, 1887. CHAS. BALLOU, Esq., Constantinople, Turkey, Europe. Di-ar Sir: Yours of the 18th ult. is just at hand, enclosing draft for $4,000 to be invested in loans at 6 per cent, per annum. We will endeavor to get them completed and forward them to you at the earliest possible moment. We shall be glad to arrange to furnish you reference through the Imperial Ottoman Bank, of your city, if we can do so. We think that bank is the correspondent in your placi-. of Messrs. Knauth, Nachod & Kiihne, of New York city, foreign bankers, who have correspondents in all parts of the East, and through whom we have for years drawn foreign exchange. It will require a little time to ar- range these references, but we can probably get the matter adjusted without any great delay. We note your request to have published for your use and at your expense, 1,000 pamphlets in Eng- lish 104 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. - ~^~ L -...v-<.-7-orV and 5,000 in French, advertising our loans and recognizing you as our only agent for Turkey, etc., all of which will have our atten- tion. Yours very truly, LEWIS SPEXCEK & Co. Messrs. JONES & Co. , Beaver Street, City. Gentlemen : La Bretagne, July 11, 1887. As included in this entry were fifty cases of Paris peas, fiom J. Dumngnou, we think the greater part of the increase results from liquidation not accepting tins and charges as invoiced Recently the General Appraiser decided to aver- age the tins and charges on Paris peas, free on board at Havre, at francs 22 per case of 100/2. The invoice calls for francs - - - GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 105 24.25 less? percent., and we think probably the examiner's return on the tins and charges has been at 22 francs less 7 per cent. , instead of 22 francs net, as it should have been. Please look into this, and, if our theory is correct, have the increase righted before paying it. Very truly yours, A. A. DuRViLLE. NEW YORK MACHINE SHOPS OP THE CAMPBELL PKI.NTING PRESS AND MANUFACTURING Co. January, 1888. Gentlemen : For the past few months we have been engaged in fitting up 6 a machine shop in this city for the bettt r accommodation of our many patrons, and we are now prepared to do any kind of printing-press repair work on the shortest notice. Our plant is entirely new, and of the hstest improved machinery, and our machinists experienced men familiar with every descrip- tion of press. Adam's presses a specialty. (a). See Haud-Book, page 206, 24 Graham's "Extended Alphabet," No. 24, a vowel like 6 pronounced through the lips iu the position for oo (as in boon). To indicate that the vowel is to be read between the consonants, write it in outline, say in an ellipse. Observe how the two initial A's are written by Ketoid-Tetoid. (6). Omit the ing as preventing a de- sirable phrase. (c). Omit the t of est so that you may join notice. 106 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. >0 A 1 To parties contracting with us by the year for all their work, we will give a liberal discount on monthly bills. Respectfully, CAMPBELL PRINTING PRESS fc MFG. Co" Office and shops : Ab. 160 William street. Telephone, ''Nassau 137." NEW YORK, Jan. 10, 1888. Mr. JOSEPH F. Reims, France. Dear Sir : Confirming ours of the 15th ult., we acknowledge re- ceipt of your letter dated Decem- ber 5th, with enclosures: Under cover dated December 7th, certi- fied invoice and duplicate account charges order No. 30; undercover dated December 12th, bill of lad- ing for orders 29 and 30 ; under cover dated December 14th, du- plicate bill of lading for the same; cable message ------ (a). As this name will soon be famil- iar to the reporter, he may safely con- tract it still more than on the preced- ing pages, reducing the name to the initials of the principal names ; as, to K(=C). P. P. M. K., writing them in a plrase, K:P-P-M-K. The intersection aids the reading. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 107 . -y"* 6/ \ ' ' < s." ^7 J-^ r.^ ^. - r- L s/ Messrs. evade an exact re- ply to our requests relating to completing tht a 200 cases, and in- troduce unnecessary issues about breakage. To end the discussion, we will not press for refund of ex- cess 1 per cent, on last shipment, but hereafter prefer that on less than 200 cases they be allowed only the regular discount of 4 per cent. Very truly yours. HAKTFORD. CONN., Jan. 10, 1887. BENJAMIN RAWSON, Esq. Dear Sir: We duly received your favor of 4th hist., and in re- ply beg to tbauk you for your of- fer to furnish us with butter; but, as we have already arrangements existing for all the supplies we need, we are unable to avail our- selves 6 of your services at present, and will therefore* not trouble you to send on the d sample package - (a). A beautiful instance of combin- ing devices : Rel 2 , rel[at]:ing complet*:- ing implied by writing the tick in its place. (6). Our added to avail by enlarging the hook, and selves added by Sea. (c). Ket.oid-Lay, and will, lengthen- ing to add thr, to which add fore by an Ef-hook. (d). On belongs with send, and the belongs with samples. 108 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. r rou kindly propose to forward. Very truly yours. JAMES JOHNSON NEW YORK, Jan. 3, 1888. Mr. Dear Sir : Your favor replying to our ad- vertisement received. We desire to employ a few more energetic, reliable and business-like persons to represent the North American Review in obtaining subscribers for the sarae. c As you are undoubtedly aware, the North American Review is justly con- sidered, in many respects, the leading monthly publi-hed, and we have decided to swell the sub- scription list to an indefinitely large number. In order to assist in rapidly accomplishing the same, each new subscriber is pre- sented with a handsonfe volume (value $4) of "Lincoln's Remin- iscences," -------- (a). As the simple circle between Jay and En, its being turned the other way shows that it is the Ens-circle. (6). In many cases, the amanuensis must supply names, dates, numbers, names of articles in an invoice, prices, footings, and many other tilings, and, in due time, becomes the chief assist- ant of the head of the house. (c). Petoid for the here best serves in making a written phrase. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 109 - - - - - "Reminiscences" being a valuable historical record, no well-equipped library can be complete without it. That out- most generous offer has proven successful, is abundantly shown by the reports from our agents, their commissions ranging from ten to thirty-five ($10 to $35) dollars per week. The subscription price to the Review is five ($5) dollars per year (including Lincoln's Reminis- censes), and the agent receives 20 per cent., or one ($1) for each sub- scriber obtained, the agent simply sending us the subscribers' names (written by subscribers on our reg- ular blanks). So you can easily see that an energetic man or wo- man can secure," at the least, 6 one subscriber each hour he or she works. We furnish all necessary circulars, 6 blanks, cards of intro- duction, etc., free of charge, while, if your references are satisfactory, we will supply you ith a copy of the book, " Reminiscences of - (a). Omit the n of can here, so that it may be joined to Sker, secure. (b). Here the X \ t ^ e > an estimate of what repairs would cost. The frog has already been put in but no authority has been given us to go ahead with the re- pairs. Our agent at - thinks these repairs should be made so that we can haul in their material. Very truly yours, Div. Supt. YOUNGSTOWN, 0., Mar. 21, 1887. Dear Sir : Enclosed I send you a letter from Mr. calling at- tention to condition of river bridge at . While 1 do not know that there is any immediate danger, still the matter is one which I think should be called to the attention of Mr. - to de- termine what is the proper thing to do in the case whether to re- model the bridge or take out the present one and put it in some part of a bridge where light en- gines are used and where span can be made to fit, and replace it with a (a). As the in here belongs with haul, it would be properly joined, but for greater legibility by disjoining. In uatiy cases some prepositions are ad- verbs modifying verbs ; as "call-on, dried-tip, haul-in, run-over, turn- around, run-in," etc. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 113 bridge of heavier construction Very truly yours, Div. Supt. YOUNGSTOWN, 0., February 21, 1887. Dear Sir : Our road depart- ment complains that a in the cul- vert under our track between Wil- son avenue and Tod street you have without leave or license, 1 * filled up and rendered useless, one part of the double box culvert and over the mouth [of]-the-other- part you have put a stout wooden door which may result some day in causing considerable damage to our Company. Please inform me if any permission has ever been granted to your Co. to so obstruct our water-way ; and if so, if any conditions were imposed that your Co should be responsible for all damage accruing? I am having the culvert repaired at present and would like [to] have a clear understanding of the whole mat- ter. Very truly yours, Supt. (a). Plens-Dhet is easier than Plen-Iss Iss within En-hook)-Dtiet. (l>). In leave or license the or may be omitted and readily suppled. 114 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. YOUNGSTOWN, 0., February 19, 1887. Dear Sir : As has sometimes )eeu in the past, and is likely to >e in the future, our Company nay want to use your tracks for running* its passenger trains for a short time, or your Co. may want to use ours for the same mrpose. I think it well that we hould agree on a uniform price ;o be charged for such service so that at any time in case of acci- dent, arrangements could be made 'or you to use our road, or us ;o use your road on short notice by wiring Train Dispatch- r's office, and I would like to mow your views in the matter as ;o price you would be willing to 3ay and receive for such service. Vly own idea is that the price should be so much per engine and so much for each car, and in ad- iition the cost of pilot or pilots and the actual cost of such sup- plies in the way of fuel, water, or oil as it may be necessary to fur- nish. Be kind enough to give me your views in the matter, and oblige Very truly yours, Superintendent. (a). The ing-dot if written here would require a full-length Ken, a lifting, a dot, a lifting, and Tees2 more than with the form in the engraving. MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 115 SOUTHERN PROGRESS. (a). Within what? " Witluu-the-last- decade. ' Tlie preposition (within, in this casp) naturally calls for the ob- ject --tho last decade," in this case. The vocalization of decade is hardly necessary, as the mere utterance of the syllable-names, ])ee-Ked, is almost the utterance of the word, decade. Some interesting statistics of the progress of the South within- the-last-decadea have-been-given by-ourc enterprising contempora- ry, the Chattanooga Tradesimm. The item of population is-an in- teresting one, showing-thed per- centages of increase among-the white-and- colored- people*. The white-population is-given at 11,- 361,996 aud-the colored at 6,194,- 924. Thus, little-over/64 per cent, of the population is white. The relative-populations' of white-and- colored-people is more-favorable to-the^ former than ten years-ago. Politically and-sociallyi considered this-is an-improvement. This-is for- the whole South. State-anal- ysisj is-not-given. While-the gen- eral-population of this-section of the country* 1 has-increased 20- per-cent., the assessed wealth (6). Have been given Veu2-Gay ; which is writing together the parts of a compound verb as naturally as you speak them together. Vens is a beau- tiful word-sign introduced by the Haud-Book. (c). By our Beei, by plus -4r-hook (for our.) (d). Showing-tlie illustrating our im- provement, the writing the tte-tick in the place of the ing-dot, which is thus implied. (e). White and colored people. This is an interesting illustration of our im- provements the Brief-Way joined at the beginning ; enlarging El-hook (as of Kel) to add r, as of or in colored ; and writing the present tense (as of color) for the past tense or participle (as col- ored). The Old the Pitnianic mode 116 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. oi' writing this phrase was wi-Tee white), dot (and), Kay-Laj r -Red (colored), Pel'2 (people) ; that is, eight strokes and three littings for four words ; which the Standard Phonograp her writes with five strokes : Weh-Tee-Ketoid-Kler-Pel. See Low repeatedly the convenient has increased nearly' 78 per-cent. or to-an aggregate of $3,844,000,- 000 State and-county debts have materially-decreased, though mu- nicipal-debts have considerably-in- creased. The total public indebt- edness is very -much less per cap- ita than - what-it - was in 1880. The banking-capital of the South has-kept slightly in-advance of the increase in- wealth. The cap- ital invested in manufactures" has- increased 207 per-cent. within the period" of teu years, now repre- sented at $552,000,000. The number of cotton-s pindles is- statedP at 1,811,791, which-is somewhat - more - than - has- been- generally? allowed in-estimatcs. Weh-Tee occurs in this article, and how much better it is in every way thau the Old-style wi-Tee. (/). Little-over, in which Leti (little.) instead of the Old-style Lot'-Lay is naturally joined to the word (over) which it modifies. (g). Relative population, This phrase is beautifully written by the Standard- Phonographic Kel 2 , which is easily and naturally joined to the noun modified (population'), which is safely contracted to pop, This writing is not only quicker but more legible thau the Old- stylo Ray-Lay-Tee-Vee J'ee-I'ee-Lay- shon. (//). 7'o Me. This illustrates beauti- fully our improvement, the implying to by writing the following word iu the " fourth position " ; as tte-tick (Petoid in this case, for distinction's sake), in the fourth position, for "to the"; Tetoid) (the " a-u " tick) for " to a-n " ; Ted, to it ; Cuay4, to which. (i). And socially. With our improved MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 117 r n " C_^ torm Iss-Shel (instead of the Old Iss- Shay-Lay) for social-ly it is easy to join the and-tick. (j). State analysis. Nelses for analy- sis is a great improvement on the Old- style En-Elses. (k). General population of this section of the country. This is interesting BESSEMER' S PROCESS IN COPPER. The recent interesting announce- ment of an English method of manufacturing copper articles di- rect from rough copper bars, sug- gests results for that metal equal, perhaps, in importance to what Bessemer 's process has accom- plished for iron and steel, it being also claimed that the quality by this new method is first-class, and the cost much reduced. The cop- per is electrically deposited from the rough bars upon a revolving mandrel or mould, over the face of which a burnisher moves automat- ically, and so condenses the copper particles as they are deposited the material being thus rendered not only dense, silky, phrase-writing : 1. The adjective (gen. =geueral) joined to the modified pop. ^population ; 2. "Of" implied by nearness ; 3. " this " joined to the modified "section," the circle of Dhees being enlarged to add the s of section ; 4. nearness to imply of (the be- ing supplied) ; 5. Kay2 being a new word sign instead of Kent-Ray (country). (I). Nearly. Nerli=Neri (near) plus -ly (added by our great improvement, the enlarging an Ar-hook to add I). (m). Than (Dhen 3 ) plus what (added by shortening) plus it plus was. Com pare this with the best Old-style writ- ing Chens Wnhi Tee2 -Zee = four strokes and two liftings. (n). Why do we not here join in to its object, manufactures? (o). Witiiin-the-period. That we may join tlift object of the preposition (ivitliin), the impeding Wi-tick is omit- ted. 118 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. -5 -^ V A-/' | ._r> ' Q Q. 1. How do we come to use here (p. 116, next to last line of engraving) the large initial circle ? Q. 1. Why is not is the height of a Tee above the line ? Q. 3. How is stated represented, remem- bering that what is really written is " is state." fibrous, and cohesive, but j> ing an otherwise unobtainable strength, ductility, and uniform- ity. Among the advantages claimed for this interesting pnxvd- ure is the important one that, in the manufacture of tubes and sim- ilar articles, all drawing down and brazing are entirely dispensed with : and there is practically no limit to the diameter of seamless pipes and other articles that can be produced, which has not been the case hereto- fore. The claim is that many cop- per products especially large tubes, vats, cylinders, and the like, can thus be made direct from the rough copper far cheaper than by any other means. MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 119 \. C, yt~s The clock shows the hour of the d&y, the d-Ay of the week, the day of the month, and the month of the year. The mechanism is so arranged as to make its own provision for long and short months. It also shows the signs of the zodiac, equation, and the difference between sun and rail- road time for every day in the year. PAPEE DOORS. Doors made of paper are said to be an improvement over those made of wood. They are formed of two thick paper boards stamped and moulded into panels and glued together with glue and potash and then rolled through heavy rollers. After being coated with a water- proof coating and one that is fire- proof, they are painted, varnished, and hung up in the usual way. Selected. MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 121 A CAVE DEEP IN THE EARTH. REMAINS OF A PREHISTORIC RACE FOUND IN IT. News comes from Red Cliff, Col., of a wonderful discovery made there of a number of relics of some prehistoric race and an ancient sepulchre in the most peculiar place, which it would appear had never been visited by mankind in any age. The men were digging with picks and shovels in virgin soil when suddenly, as one of the men struck a blow with his pick, it almost flew from his hands, and by the light of their candles they saw a small aperture in the earth which was quickly widened suffi- ciently to admit the body of a man. A light was thrust into the open- ing, and as far as its rays could reach only space was discernable, and a musty smell came from the place that had been closed for so long a time probably ages. 122 AMAM'KNSI* 1'liACTICE. . v~ > , V v ; A step-ladder was procured, ami a descent was made to the bottom ot the cave, where more surprises awaited the miners, who were now thoroughly aroused over the new sights, the like of which they had never seen before. Superintendent Conners and John Songer pressed forward in the natural opening, and they had worked but a sliort time before their pick encountered a hard me- tallic substance in the soft soil. Investigation proved it to be a knife, about twelve inches long, of hardened copper, with an oval handle and a small portion of the point broken off. As their investigations were prosecuted farther, the pet ri tied bones of animals and the remains of some prehistoric race w e r e found. MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. M . 7 __ L x>^i -x. A r , r (a). For soit! tone. In order to join to the preposition from its object (some time=sumt') we turn the circle on the back of the Ef. To do this easily, fol- low closely the engraving copy ; turn- ing the circle on the back of the Ef THE NEW TEXTILK SUBSTI- TUTE The utilization of pine-tree leaves for the manufacture of bag- ging, matting, etc., has become an industry of recognized import- ance, and in North Carolina ; company has been for-some-timea in operation for thus producing matting and bagging, with a daily capacity of 2000 yards, the material being in every respect equal to jute, as well as cheaper. The pro- cess appears to be a simple one. The leaves of the long-leaf-pine& are gathered in a mass, and,-on- being-weighedc, are thrown into a large vat, where-they-are-boiled^ in alkali at a low temperture for about twelve hours ; then, after being thoroughly soaked in the same vats, they are taken by a continuous automatic process through the rubbing, wringing, carding, drying, recarding, draw- ing, when it gets started on the horizontal direction. This joining is then as easy as writing Kay-Smet, or Ketoid-Smet. How you do a thing often makes the difference between the difficult and the easy, and here comes in the great value of a good model, such as a good copy for the penman. (6). Long leaf pine. Long-leaf is here a compound adjective, which we natur- ally wish to join to its modified noun, pine. (c). And on being weighed. Here we naturally desire to Ann (that is, AND the and) to the preposition on, which we naturally wish to join to the parti- cipial object, being weighed. 124 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. (.\ en- larging the circle, and than contracted (as it often is in speech) to 'n is :nldif thumb, while the others writing. lf=give ; give (or if) wkat ? ' Il'-you " ; if you what ? " If you bap- peu. to have." The Staudard-Phono- graphic forms aud principles enable us to write the phrase beautifully Efi- Yuh-Pen-Pel'toid. As Yuh joins to hap- /ii'ii without an angle, it does not count as a stroke any more, than the Ar-hook in 1'cr. Hence this sign is properly counted, tlius: Efi (1), Yuh-Pen (2), Peltoid (:i). How much better is this than the. Old-style " Efi-Yuh " (2), dis- join (3), Pen" (4), disjoin (5), Petoids- Vec (7). (('). All of us. How much better in every way than the Old-style Bedoidi, Petoidi, Es: three strokes and two liftings. MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 127 (j). Bf/ore Wicj/ (O-e. Bef-' (before) plus Bedoid (tlic liwivy tick) for thr=- are toothed like a comb. These claws are constantly used to help the strands from tangling before- they-areJ joined in the thread. The material from which the thread is made is secreted in the animal's body. It is a glutinous substance, and the strands dry while they are passing from the little apertures to the point where they are joined together. One authority on the subject, Reaumur, calculated that it would take 1000 spider strands to occupy a space equal to the point of a needle, while another, Leuwenwcck, esti- mated that it would take 4,000,000 of them to make thread as large as a hair. But while the spider's work is the more delicate, that of the silk- worm is the more useful. Nearly half of all the people in the world live in China and India, and all of them, except the very poorest, wear silky goods as commonly AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. 2- c_0 as we wear cotton. As it takes the labor of nearly a thousand silk- worms to make a pound of silk, you can see what an enormous industry results from this tiny thread spin- ning. Unlike the spider, whose spinning works are at-the-lower- extremityfc, the silk-worm's factory is near its mouth. The crude material is seemingly nuich alike in the two classes of spinners a gummy or glutinous pulp. The spinning appurtenances, however, are entirely different, the silk- worm making only two strands for its thread, while the spider makes thousands, lioston Journal of Com- merce. (k). At the lower extremity. This is another beautiful illustration of proper ptirase-writiug. Join, to the preposi- tion at, its object. Let us omit (to be supplied) the article the; aiid let us add Ster-Tee for \ek)stre(m)ity. Five strokes Tees-Lay-Ar-Ster-Tee forfonr words, is very much better than the Old-style Tee-Ketoid (at the) ; Lay2-Ar (lower) ; Kay-Ster-Etu-Tee (extremity), nine pen-movements. MISCELLANEOUS AKTICLES. 129 MINERAL ORE DETECTOR. A novel device for detecting the presence and nature of a mineral exposed in rock on earth is the electric mineral detector, as it reduces to-a-certainty' the ques- tion of ascertaining the exact min- eral value of the rock under test. It consists of a hattery and spar coil, with conductors ending in two platinum points, so compactly arranged that they can be carried on the back. On placing the two platinum points against a rock, the presence of metal is indicated by the appearance of a spark, the flame and color of which will afford an indication of the nature of the body which the electrodes have touched. Such is the trustworthi- ness of this device for purposes of testing, that by placing the elec- trodes.... (I). To a certainty. As in Iss-Ret2, cer- tain-ty, the circle would come on the Hue, we may write its circle just be- low the liue (tbat is, Iss4-Bet), to imply a preceding to (a following article being supplied if required). 130 AMANUENSIS PHACTICE. against a rock containing metal in a free state its presence may be detected by merely apply- ing one electrode and passing the other rapidly over the surface. The detector is especially useful in determining the presence or absence of metal in old shafts, or tunnels, while, when applied to the walls of a shaft or cut, it can be depended upon for the recovery of a lost lead, unless the lead is entirely pinched out. It is said that a novice can handle the ap- paratus almost as successfully as an old miner, and the sorting of ores can be accomplished with cer- tainty, being determined by the color of the spark produced. This handy miner ' s companion is further valuable in being a ready means of exploding blasts in con- nection with electric primers. MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 131 P ^~-f / -\- moisture oozes through the pores of the skin, the voice grows weak and husky or piping, the eyes be- gin to lose their lustre. In death at old age there is a gradual dulling of all the bodily senses and of many of the mental faculties ; memory fails, judg- ment wavers, imagination goes out like a candle^. The muscles and tendons get stiff, the voice breaks, the chords of the tabernacle are loosening. Small noises irritate, sight become dim, nutrition goes on feebly, digestion is impaired, the secretions are insufficient or vitiated, or cease, capilliry circu- lation is clogged. Finally, the central organ of the circulation.... (a). Candle. Here notice and imitate carefully the use of an offset for the En-hook. If you were to make here a perfect En-hook, you could not join Lay. MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 137 ^ V tf v> ^ \ } "1 V ~M i e. > ( o^ "^ ^ ~^ > -3 -\ ~i "~i ? v I NJ comes to a full stop and this stop- page means dissolution. This is the death of old age, which few attain to. Many people have an idea that death is necessarily painful, even agonizing ; but, there is no reason whatever to suppose that death is more painful than birth. It is because in a certain proportion of cases dissolution is accompanied by a visible spasm and distortion^ of the countenance that the idea exists, but it is** nearly as certain as anything can be that these dis- tortions of the facial muscles are not only painless, but take place unconsciously. In many instances, too, a comatose or semi-comatose state supervenes, and it is alto- gether probable that more or less complete unconsciousness then pre- vails. We have, too, abundant evi- dence of people who have been nearly drowned and resuscitated, and they all agree in the state- ment that after a few moments of painful (a). Distortion, Contracted to " dis- to'tion." (6). But it is. Tetoida (but) plus Tecs (it is). 138 AMANUKNSIS PRACTICE. Vo --\. I ^-p v --a V_ I struggling, fear and anxiety pass away, and a state of tranquility succeeds. They see the visions of green fields, and iu some cases hear pleasing music, and, so far from being miserable, their sensations are delightful. But where attempts at resuscitation are successful the resuscitated par- sons almost invariably protest against being brought back to life, and declare that resuscitation is accompanied by physical pain and acute mental misery. Death is a fact which every man must personally experience, and consequently is of universal inter- est ; and as facts are facts, the wiser course is to look them squarely in the face, for necessity is coal-black and d-jath keeps no calendar. Medical Journal. r MISCELLANEOUS AHTICLES. 139 MEN WHO DO WOMEN'S WORK. SOME OF T11E OCCUPATIONS IN WHICH MALES DO THE WORK OF FEMALES. While it is true that women have to a great extent of late years taken to doing men's work, it is also true that some men do wo- man's work, says the New York Sun. In California, Chinese men are largely employed as domestic- servants, and wherever Chinamen go they are chiefly employed in laundries. In many large laun- dries where new shirts are done up, expert men are employed who make good wages. The reason why men are employed on new shirts is because the new shirts require more strength to iron them properly than shirts that have been previously laundered, and few wo- men have the strength to do the work properly. In the state-pris- ons men are commonly employed at laundry work, mainly on shirts. It is curious, 140 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. _x . Z-^ly. % l 1 'S Vj/~>,vi- 7 ^ -Y^V-^-- , VD o e>( / J^r-V by the way, how differently a Chinaman uses an iron from the method employed by women. When a woman uses an iron she begins with it at the right heat for use, and consequently it soon cools, and she consumes much time in changing her irons. The Chinaman, on the contrary, gets his iron very hot, much too hct for use. When he begins to use the iron lie plunges it quickly into cold water''. This cools the sur- face for a moment. The heat from the interior then begins to come to the surface, and continues to do so for some time, about as fast as it is cooled by use, so that the necessity for the frequent chang- ing of irons is obviated. Worth, the man-dressmaker, of Paris, has counterparts in other countries. The largest producer of dress patterns (a). Too hot. This phrase is nicely \\ntiru by writing lletoid (=/i-tick) plus Tee. lor " hot " iu the fourth po- sition to imply a preceding to for (too. (6). Cold Wall >-. ronlractcd to"col'- water," Kel-Wji> tcr. MISCELLANEOUS AUTICLES. 141 for women in New York is a man, although his business has been for many years conducted in the name of his wife. The most expensive and best-fitting dresses that wo- men wear are tailor-made dresses, which are made by men. The most expensive ladies' hats are made by men. The man-milliner is proverbial. In the department of nursing, which is considered specially wo- men's work, many men are em- ployed. When patients are help- less and require much lifting, it has been found necessary to pro- cure strong men, because women are not equal to the hard labor. Sewing is especially women's work, but the very finest and best- paid sewing is done by men in fancy tailoring. Since the intro- duction of the sewing-machine the 142 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. \Xo>~-xV^ proportion of men-sewers has-in \3 o 6 creased in those brunches where ' T: ~V is required, the best cooks sire men. It is the men who have made cook- ^ ^^\^ > i - - =^-J> house from top to bottom and put / s^^ ~^7 ^vy >-- &-, T- V, WT 5 o% cr \r A. and wears better than the cowhide used for such purposes. The softer portions of the hide are worked up into stock well suited to light boot-tops, bag leather, etc. This result is due entirely to a long, patient and intelligent study of the peculiarities of the hide and the treatment necessary to over- come the natural defects. By one of nature's unfathomed laws the horse is provided with a skin, the rump portion of which is entirely different from that of any other family of animals. From a line drawn directly across the rump at the root of the tail the rump is virtually covered with three thicknesses of skin. The outer is similar in all respects to that covering other portions of the body, and the inner skin is pre- cisely in all respects similar to the flesh side of the skin of other ani- mals. This intermediate skin.... MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 145 is fibreless, dense, and pliable, and when finished into leather it re- sembles calfskin hi texture, has a fine surface, wears smooth, takes and holds color well, and possesses wearing qualities as to durability which commend it and place it on a par with calfskin. In the process of tanning and finishing, the outer and inner por- tions are entirely removed, leav- ing the oblong, oval, fibreless, por- tion spoken of. This part, after being tanned and separated from the hide, is cut into forms. The pieces are technically known as goloshes. They are blacked and finished on the flesh side, separate- ly, and packed in dozens, accord- ing to size, and sold by the dozen. Large sizes are relatively scarce. The tanning and finishing of these shells requires special skill, ......... 146 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. ami then; arc few who have acquir- ed the art sufficiently well to bring out all the good qualities of the leather. But when treated by skilled experts there are few leathers that are better adapted to shoes or boots. The part of the hide lying be- tween the shell and the mane, ex- tending from the backbone eighteen to twenty inches down the animal's sides, is of the weight of cowhide, and when tanned, as now is cordovan, is admirably adapted for boots and heavy uppers. It finishes smoothly on the flesh side, has a fine grain, holds its color well, and when made up into foot-wear is flexible, retains its shape and is remarkably durable ; qualities, however, which are due to the treatment while undergoing the process by which the hide is converted into leather. If not properly tanned and curried, the spongy nature of the hide retains a supremacy and the leather is little, if any better than the softest and poorest of cowhide or even sheepskin. MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. U7 A NEW USE FOR SAWDUST. For several years certain Ger- mans have been experimenting, with a view to utilizing sawdust as a material for mechanical purposes. It was discovered years ago that vegetable fibre, after subjection to certain chemical action, and after- wards to a pressure sufficient to expel all liquids from it, could be made into a substance almost in- destructible by the elements, and of great utility in the mechanical and ornamental arts. The only trouble has been from the fact that but a few kinds of fibre were capable of the transformation under any existing formula. It might almost be said that there was only one fibre that, so em- ployed, produced results satisfac- tory in respect of economy of man- ufacture and beauty and usefulness of the resulting product ; and that one fibre is cotton, its delicate structure, strength, and ready sub- mission 148 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. s, ^ c-\ c M y\= to the action of the necessary chemicals keeping it almost alone in its adaptibility for the pur- pose. Thus far, almost the only result has been the manufacture of celluloid, which is unsuitable for any but the finer mcrhaii- ical uses. Scientists claim, how- over, that all vegetable fibre is, to a certain extent, identical- that is, having its essential constitution in common, there must be some means by which the coarser kinds can be transformed into similar substances. The experimental processes have included nearly the entire list of common vegetables, but within the last few years at- tention has been especially directed to the waste products of the saw- mill, especially the dust. The first results were the production of paper-pulp. But as only certain species of timber could be used sat- isfactorily for that, the experi- ments have been continued farther, with a view to not only using any kind of sawdust, MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. but to broaden the field, so as to produce a substance that can be used for more general purposes than paper or celluloid, and which should, if possible, combine the best characteristics of both sub- stances. A German scientific journal professes to give the results of the experiments in that country thus far. It claims the production of a substance made from the com- mon sawdust, by means of an acid process, that promises to be of great value. It is described as be- ing exceedingly firm of texture and of great hardness, incapable of being bored by a common gim- let or of being penetrated by a nail, more impervious to the action of the elements than the ordinary metals or the common building stones, and practically indestructible by fire, a Bunsen burner simply charring the ex- terior surface. It is claimed to be stronger than timber for joists and girders, and several times lighter than iron 150 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. or steel, and, above all, the cost of manufacture is claimed to ln> s<> low as to bring it into competi- tion with both wood and iron. It is said that experiments will be made to still further decrease the cost and increase its field of influence, and that its man- ufacture is to be pushed. JVb/7/i- rt-estern Lumberman. A.VASUIKSIS MSACTJCE. 153 INDEX OF THE NOTES. A A large stock - pag* 90 A, name, initial, represented by -tick - 98 A, rm, the, omitted when in the way of a desirable phrase-sign 2 i A chilled wheel 75 A commission - 17 Accented vowels ; insert in unfamiliar words 26 Against your company - - 110 All, added by El-hook 6,1 All of us - - 126 An offset for the hook of Hay 4& Ami before Fel, Vel, Thel, Dhel - - And joined by Tetoid - Aad all, expressed by Kletoid - - Aad as such - - - Aad connection, con implied - And contents - Aod contents noted - Awl of, expressed by Kleftoid - And observe that you could not execute - And on being weighed Aad socially - And simply calling yur attention Aud will therefore - Ami, when written by Tetoid, distinguished from or, how ? - 88 And, written by Ketoid - - 30 Aanual meeting 71 Amy, when to be vocalized - 24 Ay further information, why disjoin Enshoa ? - 82 Any of your "17 April 15th - 98 .tr-hook implied - 15 An> heifer, form for - 48 As fine as - - 1 iM 154 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. At all events 11 At no very distant day 70 At Jhe least 109 At the lower extremity 128 At this season of the year 87 At three days' sight - 23 As adapted to the position of the following word 22 -4s, Iss 2 enlarged to add the s of stated 63 As agreeable as possible - 22 As may be most agreeable - 25 As our property - 110 As stated 63, 67 As to his - 63 As we - - 63 B Baggage checked - - - 74 arraud=Bax6 26 Be not puffed up, auxiliary joined to principal verb - 10 Before they are 127 Beg to say that - - 37 Breaking up speech-phrases in writing 81 Brief Way used for a name-initial - 94 Bringing up - 82 But it is 137 By that firm - 93 By our - - 115 C Call your attention, your omitted - 69 Campbell Printing Press Mnfg. Cu., contraction for - 92, 106 Cau secure - 109 Candle 136 Capable of being worked up - 124 Carbonic acid - ... 133 Circle, most convenient way of turning - 38 Circle turned to imply a hook - - - 10, 25 Cold water - 140 Com implied - 17, 23, 67 Commerce, where to write it - - - 1 -2 Commissions - 9 Complains that - - - 113 AMANUENSIS PHACTICE. 155 Con, when not expressed by the dot - 75 Conn implied - - 67 Conn omitted - - 67 Consistently with the 9 Controlled it - - 64 D Dangerous operation - .... 15 Dependent infinitives joined to objects - - 37 38 Dheedher, in first, second, and third positions - - 94 Dhr 15 Disjoining for legibility ... 14. Disjoining to give the hand a new impulse 29, note d, 30, n. 9 Distortion - -.... 137 Dormeuil ... 7 Double period for a paragraph . 68 During his stay - - 26 E Ease of junction, how obtained - - 16 East Centre ..... 99 Em widened to add p 60 Enclosed circulars - - - - -110 En-hook, omission of - - - - 59 Ens circle distinguished from simple circle 67, 69, 94, 108 F Favors t written by Vers 3 - - - 72 Five thousand pounds - 23 For a few days - .... 87 For complaint is ..... 74 For our ..... gg For running its - - - 114 For the, when to disjoin - - 14 For the present - - - 21 For the same - - 108 For some time - ... 123 Forms occasionally changed for convenience of phrasing - 90 Fractions, how to write them - 68 Freely command our services - - 23 French words, promnciation and writing of - i>(5, 85, 105 From having neglected - 11 Fully up - 81 156 A3*ASUENSIS P&iCTSCE. G G. P. & T. A. - 7=; General Mmiw/ei; contraction for ">7. *'>- General population of this section of the country - 117 Gothenberg 74 H 1 l-tirk used for initial 7/in name-phnaf*-s !">. 74, '.':! Hand-made - 50 Haul in - 112 Have been given 115 Heretofore l'l High pressure 134 Hilgard - - 131 Hoosac Tunnel Line 56- ffouses, hook made by offset $ I am favored I am truly concerned I am very much surprised I beg leave 1 beg to assure you that I concede I have given it some very severe teste I have held I inform you that If you happen to have In consideration of your having IB, connection with the In feiilures IB. fitting up In fulfilling, another instance of an offset for a hook la his favor /;?-hook, use of - - la line - la my bill of lading - la the cars - In the smoking-room - In the scale In that case ----- AMANUENSIS PRAC'EICE. 157 In reporting that we 91 In rendering us -84 Informing you that your 37 lay implied by the the-tick 41 fny-dot, in what words most commonly used 82 Iny-dot, omitted 11, 23, 64. 67, 84, 105 Invite your attention - 89 Is smaller than - - 126 Is to, * to 71 Iss 2 enlarged to add s of stated - 67 ft added by shortening - 63 It is probable that 87 It stands to reason that we cannot ... 47 Joining a dependent infinitive - 20 K Kansas City Ketoid, Dedoid, Ketoid for " &-0-A " L Lapping, a substitute for joining - 20, 21, 50^, 51, 68, 83 Last fall - 92 Leave or license 113 Legibility aided by disjoining - 14 Less than 6&, 94 Less than one hour - 84 Life written with El to admit of joining 64 Little over - 116 Long-leaf pine - - 123 Lorent ----- -.7 M M. D. - 67 Mac - 61 McL. 89 M. L Roche - 29 Monsieur, how written 85 N Name and address on business letters Necessary circulars 158 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. Nearly 117 No avail, how to distinguish from .A'o ruhir - - 83 Non-payment - - - - 36 o Of added by Ef-hook - - 61 Of written instead of implied ----- 55 Of his house 22 Of our deceased partner - 21 Of the not to be implied - ... 72 Offer should be vocalized ... g Offset for hook of h - 59 Omissions - - 35 Omission of a - ----- 75 Omission of and - - 47, 73 Omission of con - G7 Omission of En-hook. - - 59 Omission of Ing-dot - 64, 91, 105 Omission of H 47, 51, 59, 109, 110 Omission of of 24, 27, 28, 29, 41, 71 Omission of or - - 99 Omission of s 61 Omission of t - - 105 Omission of than - - 84 Omission of the - 91,109 Omission of to - 45, 47, 62, 94 Omission of with - 60, 65 Omission of your 69, 89, 99 Omission of letters - - 38 Omission of proper names 108 Omission of words - 11, 21 On his house - - 25 On spirits of turpentine - - 87 On the, not joined, why 107 On the shortest notice - - 105 On this order - 53 One of our quarter sections 71 One way or the other - 99 Or distinguished from r/wMick 25 Or Imre (Item, how to make easy junctions 8 Or his draft 25 Or territory - - 88 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. 159 Ought not to allow 14 Out of our power - 28 Overrated ----- 75 Paid up policy - - 68 Paragraph indicated by double period i Patent Elastic Chain Stopper 81 Pee-Bee, how to write easily - 72 Period mark may be omitted 81 Phrases, rules for making 10, 30 Pittsburgh, contraction for 60 Please explain this - 61 Potter Power Press - 94 Prepositions joined to their objects - 26, 93 Present tense written for past 17 Prior to its 42 Promptly as possible 61 B Relative population - 116 Return their compliments - 42 Richard, how to make junction easy - 22 Rothschild, German pronunciation of 47 Rouen - 27 Ryder, Ray sloped more than usual 26 s Salt water - 113 Shall be paid 20 Showing the - 115 Similar outlines distinguished by different positions 21 Sixty-inch bed - - 93 So as to insure me 30 Southern class - 68 Spetsoid '=f/s to his 63 State analysis - 117 Storage; 131 T Taken it 63 Taking his drafts .... 23 160 AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. Tee for to 65 Than 117 That he will arrive 71 That their guarantee - 94 That you will also render his stay 22 Theatrical permits 73 The acceptor - 18 Their added hy Mr-tick - 42 Thirty bags of cotton - 2'.' This information - 14 This right of way secured 69 Thomas Williams - 38 Three-twentieths 68 To a certainty - 121) To advance - -4 To another - , 111 Ta completing the - 107 To favor us - 21 To hope that 21 To implied by hook of Hay in the f,mrth j visit ion 35 To make an arrangement with you 111 To measures 38 To omitted 42 To,, when not to imply by fourth pjsitaou - 21, 27 To the written by Petoid in fourth p.wition 35, 11& T-hot 140 Too implied by fourth position - 60 Track-laying - 70 Trel-, control-led, shortened to add ,'t - 04 Turning the circle so as to imply something 22 -ty in numbers, how expressed 12, 29, 41, 76, 93 ) "<-hook used instead of a stroke - - 11 Via Chicago - 89 Vice -President - 70 Vocalize to insure legibility - - 24, n. c. AY II" initial, sometimes expressed by Brief-Way 94 II initial. smni'tiiiH's omittvd - 82 Way-Iss-Ket distinguished from Way-Iss-Kirt tl'.t AMANUENSIS PRACTICE. 161 We beg leave, a special contraction for - -22 We remain your obedient servants - 99 We shall form a connection - 21 We want to say to you that the 94 Were not given - - 63 Where there are 88 Where they are boiled - - 124 White and colored people 115 Whose life 64 Will be paid 21 With, omission of 11, 65,67 With regard to suspending the - 41 Within the last decade 115 Within the period - 117 Without change 68 Would not materially affect the - 76 You furnished us 94 Your attention - 30 Your very obedient servants - - 24 Yours truly - 56 & "& Co." provided for by lapping - 24 "&0-A." - - .... 62 STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC AM) OTHER WORKS. ANDREW J. GRAHAM, AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER, 744 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. " A more complete series of works on any subject than Mr. Graham's Standard- Phonographic Series has never been published. These Text-Books are the only ones that are perfect in themselves ; and, in no respect, could I suggest an im- provement in the manner of bringing the subject before even the dullest stu- dent. CHARLES FLOWERS, a superior reporter. The Outline. In Miniature Book-form, bound in paper, 5 cents. One doz- en, 25 cents. The Little Teacher. Comprises : 1. THE OUTLINE, presenting all the chief elements of Standard Phonography in eight primer-size pages : 2. THE LITTLE READING EXERCISES furnishing in 1C little pages an exercise on each section of the Outline. 3. Miniature edition of the CORUESPONDENT'S LIST of Word-Signs, Contractions, Phrase-Signs, Prefixes, and Affixes of the Corresponding Style. jggf-The Little Teacher is a useful pocket companion for students of the Synop- sis or Hand-Book. Price, cloth, 40 cents ; paper, 25 cents. The Synopsis. New and Revised edition. Comprises : 1. The Synopsis (in 29 duodecimo pages) of all the Principles of the Corresponding Style, unmistak- ably presented-, with numerous engraved illustrations. 2. "The Correspond- ent's List " 12mo edition comprising an alphabetical list of Corresponding Word-Signs, Contractions, Phrase-Signs, Prefixes and Affixes. 3. "The Reading Exercises "in which there is an extended illustration and application of each section of the text ; followed by several pages of connected reading matter, with an interlined translation. This edition is well adapted to the use of either lasses or Private Students. /JSr-This is a highly uselul book for students of ;ho Hand-Hook, in making frequent reviews of the elements. Price, 50 cents. The I land- Hook. Presents every principle of every style oi the Art com- nenciug with tin- analysis of words, and proceeding to the most rapid Reporting Style in such a Form and Manner, with such Fullness of Explanation and Com- >leteness of Illustration, and with such other features as to fully adapt the work o the use of Schools and to Self-Instruction. The analysis and classification of he sounds of the voice (given in the Appendix to Part II.), will furnish iuvalua- )le assistance to those wishing to get the correct pronunciation of any foreign auguage. ;i(>6 duodecimo pages. Price, bound in muslin, with embossed side- itle, S'2.00 ; post-paid, 12.10. " FULL, CONCISE and PHILOSOPHICAL in its development of the theory of writing ly sound, ADMIRABLE in its arrangement, and REPLETE with IMPROVEMENTS and re- fiueruents on the Art as previously defined, it affords the learner a safer means of obtaining a speed in reporting at least one-fourth greater than can be acquired by any other method." New York Herald. First Reader. New and Revised Edition : Stereographed in the Correspond- ing Styte ; with iuterpaged Key ; with Questious : ami with Notes. $1.15 postpaid, $1.81. Key separate, with Questions and Notes; 5oe.; postpaid. 54e. Second Header. New and Revised Edition : Stereographed iu the Report - ing Style, with Key and Notes. To be studiod in connection with the Reporting- Style chapter of the Haud-Book. $1.75 ; postpaid, $1.81. Standard-Phonographic Dictionary. "The last great crowning work of the Standard Series," gives the pronunciation and the best outlines (Corres- ponding. Advanced Corresponding, and Reporting) of about 60,000 words, and the forms for about 60,000 phrases. Beyond comparison with any shorthand dic- tionary or vocabulary ever published. Invaluable to writers of either style. Cloth, $5 ; genuine uiorocco, $7 ; (Octavo-form from the same plates, with wide margins), clotn, $6 ; leather, $8 ; morocco, $9. The Reporter's List, With engraved forms, combining in one list, in chart- like form, and in phonographic-alphabetical order, all the Word-Signs, Contrac- tions, etc., contained iu lists ot the Hand-Book, and with many thousand other words for comparison, contrast, and distinction, witk explanations in the cor- responding style. 1000 engraved pages and 139 pages of common print, consist- ing of Preface, Introduction, Aotex, and Index. The Index is arranged in the com- mon-alphabetical order, which permits the easy finding of any word or phrase in the book. A very valuable work. Total number of pages 1139. Price, cloth, $5 ; leather, $6 ; morocco, $7. Practice-Book Series. UCS= Unvocalized-Correspomding Style. Engraved in the Advanced-Corresponding Style, with Key and Questions and Notes. Very useful for practice in reading or writing without the vowels. Composed of short articles of scientific and literary matters. Very interesting and instructive. 12mo, 12-' pages. Cloth. Price, > : 1 .'j:>. lC1!t= Intel-column Re-porting Stifle. A series of Business Letters engraved In the Reporting Style, in one column and in the, adjoining column (most conven- ient for reference) Key, Notes and Questions. A large portion of these letters were received from phonographers to whom they had been dictated by their em- ployers, and they furnish a great variety of subjects and styles of composition. This book will prove invaluable to the student preparing for office work. 12mo, 122 pages. ClotL. Price, >l.'j:>. Lady of the Lake. By Sir Walter Scott. With Frontispiece. Stereo- graphed in the advanced-corresponding style, with iuterpaged Key ; ami with Notes. Total number of pages, y-JS. 1'rice, >_! : postpaid, .?>. 10. Morocco, $4 ; postpaid, .?4.10. Moral Culture. A portion of Prof. John Blackie's celebrated lecture " On Self-Culture," also several valuable miscellaneous articles ; engraved in the Ad- vanced-Corresponding Style, and with common-print Key. 3U pages of engrav- ing, 31 pages of common-print. A very interesting and useful boak. for phonog- raphers. Cloth. Price, 75 cents. Odds aud Ends (or 1'lwitMjraphic Intelligencer). Iu common-print. Has a variety of matter of interest aud value to phouographers. 75 cents. PERIODICAL VOLUMES. The .Student's Journal. A 20 quarto-page monthly devoted to Standard Phonography, has been published continuously since 1S72. It succeeded the Standard- rhunoyraiildc Visitor (a weekly) which was published continuously for rive years preceding 1S72. THE STUDKXT'S JOURNAL is the oldest and best pho- nographic: journal in America. Each number has eight pages of lithographed and M-vi-ral pages of engraved phonography. News of importance to phouog- raphers, portraits, biographical sketches, and fac-similes of the reporting notes' of prominent phouographers, are frequently given. Subscription price $1. per year. For list of bound yoluiuea of the JotrasAL, see Price List below. Sarnpfo copy free. PRICE-LIST OF BOOKS AND ARTICLES NOT PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED. PBEP'D. BRIEF LONGHAND .60 " Dr. Stone, Sketch of, cloth - .25 " paper - .10 " Envelopes, per package .10 " Alphabet (Phonographic) Glance -at Phonography) Lord's Prayer (reporting style) Christian Names Lessons to an Ex-Pitmanite, cloth - .25 " " " paper .10 " Note-Books (Pencil) - .05 .08 Paper, per quire Good Plain Note (Blue linei) - .10 .15 Triple Line (Red lines] .15 .20 " per pkg. of 5 quires .60 .85 " Per ream 2.10 3.00 (To points where the express rate is not over 5 per 100 Ibs., a ream can be sent cheaper by express than by mail.) Payne's Business Letter Writer .50 " " Educator An Encyclopedia of Business Knowledge, including Lessons in Typewriting 600pp. 200 " Pencils (Graham's Reporting), per doz. .50 " " " " per half gross - 2.75 2.95 " " " per gross - 5.00 5.35 Pens (Steel), per box (12 doz.) 1.50 " " one doz. - .15 " (Gold) with " Ideal " fountain-holder - 4.00 " " Ideal " fountain-holder alone - 2.50 Phonetic Quarterly - .40 Phonographic Numerals .15 Reporter's Word Book (Bailey's) 1.00 Reporting Cover - .35 .40 SUMMER'S "Notes of Travel in Northern Europe." 385 pp. ; 90 illustrations - 2.00 2.10 Simmer's ' Shorthand and Reporting " part engraved, .10 " STUDENT'S JOURNAL : Vols. I to V., odd numbers only, per number .20 " Vols. VI., to XX., bound, each 1 75 1.95 Vols. VI.. VII., VIII., in one Vol., half leather - 3.50 3.75 Vols. IX. X.. XL, in one Vol., half leather 3.50 3.75 Vols. XII., XIII., XIV., in one Vol., half leather - 3.50 3.75 Vols. XV., XVI., XVII., in one Vol., half leather - 3.50 3.75 Vols. XVIII., XIX., XX., in one Vol., half leather, 3.50 3.75 For the above 5 Vols., if ordered at one time 15.00 " Vol. XXL, (1892), Subscription 1.00 " THE STUDENT'S JOURNAL BINDER - 1.00 " * The ditto mark is here used to mean " the s;uue as at the left,' ' t. e., no charge is made for postage. UNIVERSITY ot CAL1FUKW1A AT LOS ANGELES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Form L9-42m-8,'49(B5573)444 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY A 000 562 377 2 G76i .