BANCROFT LIBRARY THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA h//-Wt 4Jl.^-i GREATER NEVADA Its Resources and Possibilities Issued by the Nevada Chamber of Commerce RIVERSIDE HOTEL RENO, NEVADA Thoroughly Modern and Up-to-date Strictly First-class Headquarters for Traveling Men Free Sample Rooms Free Bus to all Trains H. J. GOSSE, PROPRIETOR J. C. McDANNEL THOS. ARDEN TWO GREATEST MINING CAMPS IN THE WORLD MERCHANTS' HOTEL CASEY & ARDEN, Props. TONOPAH, NEV. COLUMBIA, NEV. TRUSTEES E. R. DODGE R. KIRMAN J. C. LEOPOLD J. H. GRAY N. W. ROFF Organized 1901 Greater Nevada OFFICERS E. R. DODGE, President R. KIRMAN, Vice- President A. NELSON, Treasurer O. A. DOCKHAM, Secretary Its Resources Possibilities 250,000 Acres of Additional Land to be at once Reclaimed Great Opportunities for the Home Seeker Wealth for the Miner Untold Possibilities for the Agriculturalist and the Stock Grower Gilt Edge Investments for Capital Compiled and Arranged by Maude Morrow Garwood Under the Authorization of the Nevada Chamber of Commerce Reno, Nevada, 1905 i Introductory. NEVADA'S history has so often been written, and, as a rule, is so familiar to the average reader, that for the purpose of an introductory to this pamphlet, a brief reference to the most striking events and incidents of the State's pioneer days is all that seems necessary. As early as the year 1825, the noted mountaineer, Jede- diah S. Smith, crossed Nevada, then an unknown territory, from what is now known as Western Wyoming, passing down the Humboldt, which he named Mary's River, thence through the Walker River Valley and over the Sierras to the Coast via what afterwards became known as Walker's Pass. Shortly after, Smith returned to his company's head- quarters on Green River, near Salt Lake, and the report of what he had seen and the possibilities of the Great West were painted in such glowing colors that ere long other par- ties were formed to take advantage of the opportunities which Smith told of, and to achieve, if possible, greater success in the way of discovery than Smith and his party had accomplished. As the years moved on and the early and venturesome emigrants began to cross the plains, the frontiersmen of the Mormon faith began to settle in the fertile valleys of what was then Western Utah, the Sierras being the extreme west- ern boundary. These small colonies traded with the hardy emigrants, selling them produce, feed for their wornout stock, and often refilling the trains for their long, hard journey to the valleys of California. These colonies were located in Carson, Eagle, Washoe, and Steamboat Valleys, and in 1851 a squatters' government was formed, and the raising of live stock and the cultivation of the soil became an industry. Then came the era when the California miner and pros- pector believed there were greater possibilities of hidden wealth in the barren and rugged hills of Western Utah than the Golden State afforded, so decided to "try; his luck" among the Mormons. The latter did not take kindly to the advance of the gold-seekers into what was felt by this sect to be God's gift to His chosen people, but it soon became apparent that the advance of the Philistines was determined, and the faithful would have to return within the shadow of their temple for protection. The Grosh brothers, while prospecting for gold in the locality now known as American Flat, found silver ledges of a very rich character and plentifully distributed over the adjacent hills. This was in the year 1855, and they con- tinued their work with varying success until the year 1858, when one of them died. A year later, the Comstock Lode was discovered, and within two years one of the greatest mining excitements and, without doubt, the greatest mining district the world has ever known was a substantial reality, and the territory of Nevada was launched. From that on to the present time Nevada has had its periods of prosperity and of depression like other States. Her agricultural, live stock and manufacturing interests have added greatly to the ad- vantages offered for the homeseeker, for within the confines of her territory men in all walks of life may find opportunities best suited to their particular taste and inclination and in greater variety than any other State in the Union. In the articles that follow information may be had in detail as regards climate, locality, prices and facilities of transporta- tion as well as the various lines of industry and investment of which the man of energy or capital may be inclined to take advantage of. [4] Irrigation. L. H. TAYLOR. THIS project contemplates the utilization of the waters of the Truckee and Carson Rivers in the irrigation of about 375,000 acres of land in excess of the area now supplied, which area embraces about 40,000 acres in the basin of the Truckee River, and 50,000 acres in the Carson River Basin. In order to provide a water supply adequate for this extension of irrigation, it is planned to construct seven storage reservoirs, of which Lake Tahoe will be one, on the headwaters of the Truckee River, two reservoirs on the headwaters of the Carson River, and two others in the lower portion of the Carson River Basin, one of which latter, designated as the Lower Carson Reservoir, will be supplied in the main with water to be conveyed from the Truckee River in the canal now under construction. The lands susceptible of irrigation comprise some 12,000 acres now unirrigated, in Reno Valley; 73,000 acres in Lem- mon's, Spanish Spring and Warm Spring Valley, to the north and northeast of Reno; 35,000 acres in the vicinity of Wads- worth; about 200,000 acres in Carson Sink Valley; 35,000 acres in Upper Carson Valley; 30,000 acres in the vicinity of Dayton and Fort Churchill on Carson River; and 85,000 acres between Massie and Oreana Stations on the Central Pacific Railroad. The water supply is not adequate for the irrigation of all this area, but it is not yet definitely decided what portion, will be excluded. The works now under construction, and outlined for the immediate future, contemplate the irrigation of about 235,000 acres of land in the vicinity of Wadsworth and in the Carson Sink Valley. They comprise a main canal, heading in the right bank of the Truckee River, some ten miles above the town of Wadsworth, and running to the east and southeast a distance of thirty-one miles, to the dam site of the Lower Carson Reservoir, about ten miles above Leetville. This canal for the first six miles of its course will have a capacity of 1,400 cubic feet of water per second. At the end of this section, a branch with a capacity of 250 cubic feet per second will take off to the north, crossing the Truckee River by means of an inverted syphon, running in the direction of Pyramid Lake, supplying some 25,000 to 27,000 acres of land, the major part of which is included in the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation. From the head of this Pyramid Lake branch to Carson River, the main canal will have a capacity of 1,200 cubic feet per second. While it is designed ultimately to supply a considerable area of land directly from this main canal, the principal pur- pose of its construction is to convey waters of the Truckee River, which are used for power purposes during the non- irrigation season, to the Lower Carson Reservoir, where they would be impounded for use during the irrigating season in Carson Sink Valley. I will state here that the combined capacities of the various reservoirs on the headwaters of the Truckee River are approximately 290,000 acre feet; of the Lower Carson Reservoir 286,000 acre feet; and of the other three reservoirs on Carson River, combined, 250,000 acre feet. This storage water will be used to supplement the normal flow of the Truckee and Carson Rivers during the irrigating season. We are now inviting proposals for the construction of about thirty-seven miles of main distributing canals in the . Carson Sink Valley, as indicated on map. Extensions of these to the laterals therefrom will supply the irrigable por- tions of Carson Sink Valley. It is estimated that it will take three years from the present time to complete the canal and drainage system for the 235,000 acres of land in the lower portions of the Truckee and Carson River Basins. We expect, however, to be able [5] to supply water to some 30,000 acres of land in this district, for the season of 1905. When this portion of our irrigation system is complete, the plan is to begin the construction of that required for supplying the upper valleys which have been enumerated. It is possible, however, that we may extend a branch of the Truckee Canal practically paralleling the Central Pacific Railroad, to the Lovelock Valley on the Lower Humboldt River, for the purpose of supplying some 85,000 acres of land lying between Massie and Oreana on that road. On March 23, 1904, the following circular giving informa- tion to intending settlers was issued: "OFFICE U. S. RECLAMATION SERVICE, 19 EAST SECOND STREET, RENO, NEVADA. "MARCH 23, 1904. "To INTENDING SETTLERS ON PUBLIC LANDS UNDER TRUCKEE-CARSON IRRIGATION PROJECT: "The lands to be irrigated by that portion of the irrigation system now under construction comprise about 235,000 acres situated in Washoe, Storey, Lyon and Churchill Counties, Nevada, being in the vicinity of Wadsworth on the Central Pacific Railroad, and in the Carson Sink Valley, about 200,000 acres being in the latter valley. "Of this total area, some 25,000 acres are within the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation, to the north of Wads- worth; about 70,000 acres, including railroad lands, are in private ownership; and the remainder, 140,000 acres, belong to the public domain. Of this latter, about 90,000 are now open to entry under the Homestead Act, subject to the pro- visions of the Reclamation Law, which authorizes the Secre- tary of the Interior: ' i . To limit the Homestead Entry to any area between 40 and 1 60 acres. " '2. To fix the price per acre that shall be charged for water, which price shall return to the government the cost of the irrigation works. ' '3. To fix the number of annual payments, not exceed- ing ten, and the date when the payments shall begin. ' '4. To perform any acts and make all rules and regu- lations necessary to carry out the provisions of the law.' "The lands under the Truckee-Carson Project can be entered under the Homestead Act only. The U. S. Land Office where entries are made is at Carson City, Nevada. "There is no charge for the land other than the usual Land Office fees. "All entries will be limited to from 40 to 160 acres of land, depending upon location, character of soil, roughness of surface and irrigability. "All of the public land will be subdivided into homestead or farm tracts, each of which will embrace enough irrigable land to support a family comfortably, if well and carefully tilled under irrigation. "Any unmarried person over 21 years of age, or any head of a family, who is, or has declared intention to become, a citizen of the United States, who has not used his or her home- stead right, or who is not then owner of 160 acres of land, can file on any one of these tracts. "Title to land cannot be acquired until all payments for water have been made. " Residence must be established on land within six months after filing thereon, and must be continuous thereafter. "The cost of water to settlers has not been exactly deter- mined, but will probably be $15 or $20 per acre irrigable, payable in ten equal annual instalments without interest. "The land is situated at from 3,900 to 4,200 feet above sea level. The climate is dry, the mean annual precipitation being four to six inches. Snow rarely falls to a depth of three or four inches, and never lies more than a few days. "Temperatures are about the same as at Salt Lake City, and the same crops raised there, flourish here. [6] "The soils are sandy loam, and ashy in the main, but in the lower part of Carson Sink Valley they are heavier, contain- ing an admixture of clay. It is all valley land covered with sage-brush and greasewood. "Well water, usually of good quality, can be obtained on the lower land at from ten to thirty feet from the surface, and on the higher bench land, at from 100 to 160 feet depth. CARAVAN WINDING ITS WAY OVER THE SAGE-BRUSH HILLS IN EARLY NEVADA DAYS- 1875 "The Central Pacific Railroad traverses a part of the land, but the main body in Carson Sink Valley lies from five to thirty miles from it. "There are now some 12,000 or 15,000 acres of land under cultivation in Carson Sink Valley, and the present population is probably 800. There are five public schools in the valley. "The contractors on the irrigation works now employ nearly 1,000 men, and as additional contracts are let, more laborers will be required. "In the awarding of the contracts for the construction of the smaller distributing ditches an effort will be made to give settlers upon the land an opportunity to bid upon the work. "It is likely that most of those settlers who desire, can find employment for themselves and teams on the canals during at least a part of their spare time, for the next two or three years. "It will take about three years to complete the construc- tion of the system for the irrigation of the above lands, but water for from 25,000 to 50,000 acres will be available in the spring of 1905. "During the latter part of July, 1904, maps showing this land, with approximate location of canals for irrigation and drainage, and its subdivision into homestead tracts, will be completed and ready for inspection in this office, and after- ward, additional maps of other parts of the irrigable lands will be prepared a reasonable time in advance of the comple- tion of the works for delivery of water thereto. "Prospective settlers are advised not to file upon land in advance of the preparation of these maps and the announce- ment of the Department of the Interior that it will be watered and is subject to entry under the Reclamation Law. "All intending settlers are warned against agents claiming to have special or 'inside' information concerning the lands to be irrigated, or the location of the canals, and proposing to furnish this information, or to locate them on such lands for a consideration, for all such agents are frauds and impos- tors. "L. H. TAYLOR, Engineer. "In charge Truckee - Carson Project, U. S. Reclamation Service." [7] VIEW OF NEVADA CHAMBER OK COMMERCE VIEW OF NEVADA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE FRANCIS G. NEWLANDS, for ten years a member of to aid public action either upon the part of the State Congress from the State of Nevada and now a mem- government or upon the part of county governments or of ber of the United States Senate, has been active for irrigation districts to be organized in the various valleys of many years in the promotion of western interests, the State. The hard times resulting from the panic of 1893 and in the agitation of both the silver and irrigation prevented the taking up of any of these enterprises in the questions. In 1890, realizing that the manner hoped for, so Mr. Newlands, development of the State had up to I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M having become a member of Congress, that time been a one-sided develop- . > . turned his attention to the question of ment, of mining interests only, he _'.,". : . national irrigation. He was one of the started a movement for the reclama- ) organizers of the National Irrigation tion of the arid lands of the State, Congress, and was always prominent insisting upon it that Nevada could in the work of education and agitation never reach her full proportions until : ...-.' which it conducted. He sought upon she supplemented the mining develop- . -' every occasion when the subject could ment by the development of agricul- - ; ."." be introduced to present it in the House ture, commerce and general industries. ^ .- of Representatives, feeling assured that With a view to giving the people of the , . ' no national irrigation measure could be State accurate information regarding ".,'. ^^V iH passed until the representatives of the irrigation possibilities, he employed en- -.. ,. eastern, southern and middle-western gineers, the chief of whom, L.H.Taylor. . . t States were fully educated upon the is now supervising engineer in charge of : V ' jSk, subject. After a considerable period of the U. S. Reclamation Service, sent out \~&f( education, both national conventions in surveying parties and secured exhaust- 1896 declared for national irrigation, ive reports of the storage facilities and reclamation projects of the four leading rivers of the State the Truckee, Carson, Walker, and Humboldt Rivers. He published the result of these in- vestigations in 1892 in a printed report, accompanied by maps and diagrams, which was circulated throughout the State. He also, wherever practicable, SENATOR FRANCIS G. NEWLANDS and immediately afterwards Senator Newlands framed a general measure, which subsequently became a law, and is generally known as the Newlands Irrigation Act. This bill provided that all the proceeds of the sales of public lands in thirteen States and three Ter- ritories should be put into a special fund in the treasury of the United States, to secured the title to the reservoir sites, with a view to pre- be called the "Reclamation Fund." The bill then provided venting them from being held for speculative purposes. He that the Secretary of the Interior should make investigation early announced that his purpose in entering upon and and surveys, and wherever he found an irrigation project pursuing this work was not personal profit, but was simply practicable he should have the power to commence the work, [10] provided the moneys necessary for each contract were then in the treasury. It also gave him the power to fix the cost of each project upon the lands reclaimed by the sale of water rights payable in ten equal annual instalments, without interest. It provided, also, that he should divide the land reclaimed into small tracts, ranging from 40 to 160 acres, the unit of entry to be varied in the acreage according to its ability to support a family. It also provided that the government could sell water rights for lands in private owner- ship, but that no sale of a water right should be made to any one person for more than 160 acres, the purpose being not only to prevent monopoly of the public lands, but to break up the existing monopoly by making it to the interest of owners of large tracts of land to divide up and sell their lands into small tracts to purchasers who could obtain water rights from the government. Under this act over $20,000,000 have been accumulated in the Reclamation Fund, and it is confidently expected that within the next twenty or thirty years from $150,000,000 to $200,000,000 will be expended in the various irrigation projects of the West. Already five large projects have been inaugurated in different States. The first inaugurated was that in Nevada, which embraces the union of the waters of the Truckee and Carson Rivers in the great Truckee-Carson Reservoir, from which water will be drawn and conducted by canals over about 350,000 acres in Churchill County. Other projects are RESIDENCE OK SENATOR NEWLANDS, RENO being investigated by the United States Geological Survey on other rivers of the State. Senator Newlands, in co-opera- tion with the Irrigation Committees of the Nevada Senate and Assembly, drew up a State Irrigation Bill, which is intended to bring all the State authorities into co-operation with the Federal authorities in the work of irrigation in Nevada. This bill was characterized by president Roose- velt upon his recent visit to Nevada as a model of legislation for other States. E3 Some Factors in Sage- Brush Farming. PROF. R. H. MCDOWELL. NEVADA became known to the world through the millions taken from the Comstock. In a few more years it will be known by its diversified farming including high-grade fruit farms, and herds of the best cattle, sheep and horses. In fact, several years ago Winters' runners were too fast for the best, and Governor Sparks' pure-bred cattle were well and favorably known from Chicago to California. "Ten acres enough," was the terse remark of the veteran journalist, Horace Greeley. Some men in Nevada consider 1,000 to 30,000 acres enough till the time comes when they can get a few more acres. The United States Reclamation Service will ultimately bring under irrigation about 300,000 acres of good farming land, which will afford homes to several thousand families who will be given an opportunity to ex- change the "six months winter and three months cold weather" for a land of sunshine. AREA OP THE STATE. The report of the Surveyor-General for 1901-1902 gives the area and classification as follows: Area 112,090 square miles, or 71,737,600 acres Grazing 30,000,000 Mineral 15,000,000 Agriculture 20,000,000 Forestry 2,000,000 Saline, borax and sulphur deposits and deserts 3 -656,000 Lakes, rivers and sinks 1,081,600 The above area of land and a present population of 50,000 people would suggest that a large area aside from present holdings and the 300,000 acres of the Reclamation Service could be secured by desirable families, provided that surveys show that a reasonable amount of water could be had for irrigation. ALFALFA. This crop is quite extensively grown in the State, and is the best all round feed that we have. Steers are driven in or unloaded from the cars and finished for market on alfalfa fed in open yards direct from the stack. Farm horses will do their work for a portion of the year when fed on alfalfa, with little or no grain. Some liverymen claim that their horses do well on this feed if they do the driving, but with the general public to do the driving, the results are not good. Thousands of lands are pastured on the third crop and finished for market. Blue grass is one of our best for pasture, and the grasses with a few weeds form the pasture on the range, but for the valleys and the quantity crop, we must depend on alfalfa. Two crops, in Western Nevada, are cut per year, giving about 3^ tons per acre. An occasional farmer claims 4 to 8 tons per acre. In twelve years past, the price has ranged from $4.75 to $8 per ton in the stack. Single loads delivered in town have sold from $10 to $14 per ton. What is locally called grass or upland hay is raised in several valleys, and is fed at the stock-yards. GRAIN. Grain-growing is an important fanning factor in some sections of the State. Lovelock is credited with five machines that cut, thresh and sack the grain. Wheat yields from 35 to 55 bushels per acre with farmers. [12] The Station farm has grown 67 bushels per acre. There is a market for more grain than what we are raising. One firm in this State, in the past year, has shipped in over 2,600 tons of wheat and barley, although one valley supplied about 200 tons of barley. Wheat for seven years past has averaged $1.31 per hundred pounds, at Reno. Wheat that is fall sown will head the latter part of the following May. In sowing White Austra- lian that has been cleaned and screened, 75 pounds per acre is ample seed if sown with a drill; 30 pounds per acre has pro- duced a crop of i, goo pounds, and in one case 3,000 pounds per acre. With fall sowing, three to four irrigations will pro- duce a very fair crop. POTATOES, In local language often called " spuds," are quite extensively grown in several counties, some farmers harvesting from 75 to 300 tons. The Early Rose and Burbank have been leading varieties, although in the past few years some additions have been made to the list. The yield is from 7^ to n tons per acre land measured and the potatoes weighed. Farmers usually report the yield at 9 to 12 tons per acre. One farmer reports having raised 26 tons on an acre. In twelve years past, the price has varied from $8 to $35 per ton, with an average of about $18. The home market takes a portion of the crop, and large quantities are sold in Sacramento, and are always in demand in San Francisco, as well as onions, and are con- sidered superior to all others raised on the Pacific Coast, and are valued highly for good shipping quality, especially to the Hawaiian Islands. Nevada could easily raise all its own food products and thus retain the millions that yearly go East and West for this purpose. Its onions, potatoes, turnips and beets are not only of immense size, but of excel- lent flavor. Its apples are the equal in flavor, size, color HAY-STACKING IN ALFALFA FIELDS and shipping quality to the best apples raised in Oregon, Michigan and New York. Nine apples at the Chamber of Commerce measured 37 inches when placed side by side, and are the same as those that took first premiums at New Orleans in 1885 and 1886 and in Chicago in 1893. [13] A FEW EXTRA PRODUCTS. MARKETS In addition to alfalfa and other standard products pre- viously mentioned, there are a few others not extensively grown and yet do well with reasonable care. Hops do fairly well, producing 500 pounds, dried, per acre, the first season after planting. For a moderate-sized yard the low trellis does good service; the large yards of the Coast use the high trellis. This crop fluctuates much in price, at times one dollar per pound, and at other seasons, seven cents or less. Flint, of Sacramento, who has grown the crop since 1862, is one of the best authorities on hop culture. Tobacco can be brought to the ripening stage without difficulty; and even cured without a special house, was pro- nounced by the users as all right. The best way for farmers to use tobacco is to let it entirely alone. It costs a small fortune in thirty-five years, and he has nothing to show for the investment but unsteady nerves. Peanuts are as readily grown as cucumbers, and make fair crop in quantity and quality. Canada field peas can be drilled with a two-horse grain drill, cut with a mowing ma- chine, and threshed with the ordinary steam grain thresher. One hundred to 120 pounds per acre is about right for seed, yield per acre, 2,700 pounds; 145 pounds of peas and 35 pounds of oats mixed in, and cut when the pods begin to form, make a partial substitute for hay. Some of our citizens are making a specialty of raising poultry, and are making it very profitable. IRRIGATION. The only guarding the farmer needs to do regarding this topic is to have water rights certain and not use too much water. Use timely cultivation, make the best use of farm fertilizers, and keep the weeds out. Are found to a limited extent at home and the larger ones in Sacramento, San Francisco, and, in some cases, Denver and Chicago. One firm in the State imported over 2,600 tons of grain in the past year. For those interested in grain raising, here is an opportunity to increase sales. The large capital in- vested by the Southern Pacific in the past two years in track improvement and the erection of first-class shops and round- house in Nevada, the new railroad being built, and the in- creased mining activity in the southern part of the State, all mean a larger population, more traffic, and consequent heavier demand for the products of the farm or orchard. One railroad of Reno annually ships in tons of the different varieties of fruit ; pork products for years have come to Reno in car lots; poultry by the carload passes weekly through this city to the Coast. Perhaps some Nevada man can enlarge his output of the above articles and make the other fellow divide profits. DAIRYING. If a dairy is to be conducted with one word, use "clean- liness." Use "quiet," if a second word is added; with the profitable results certain to follow from the use of these words as a guide, we can be sure of system which will include "on time." The greatest profit comes with furnishing pure dairy goods, either milk, cream, or butter. Leading men of this country have said, "I go to such a hotel because the purity of the milk is certain, and the food in general is the best to be had." In starting a dairy, first-class cows in every respect should be selected and tested by an expert, to make it certain that as regards health, there can be no criticism. Put up the butter or cream in convenient and tasty pack- ages, the extra sales will make it pay. [14] SCENES ON WINTERS' RANCHO, NEAR CARSON CITY This farm industry has not been extensively taken up in Nevada; several dairy plants that have started and appar- ently carried on a thriving business for a time have been closed. The factors of feed, pasture, good mountain water and a desirable temperature we have in abundance. With high-grade dairy products and this grade to a certainty, we have a home market, and can rely on Sacramento, San Fran- cisco, and probably, within certain limits, on cities east of here. But to have even a portion of the sales in the above cities, the goods must be above honest criticism. It is a kind of work that emphatically needs the right man in the right place. We have several dairies in the State that continue to do a good business. One of these especially has a large call for its products in several counties of California. There is money in it to the right man. To the man of moderate means who comes to the new lands opened to farming by irrigation, life for the first five years will be real. The mountain scenery, trout stream (we have both) side of the question presented by bureaus of information will be to him rather of a side issue that will produce but little tangible revenue. The man who comes with a practical knowledge of farm and garden work, who has gone over the ground in advance, or has trusted some conservative friend to do so, who has given the subject candid and continued thought, will, in a term of years, win a home and a fair competence. In several counties good land can be secured, aside from this, the right to a definite amount of water suitable for the needs of irrigation should be a matter of record from competent and recognized authority. Horticulture. Ross LEWERS. FRUIT culture in Nevada has so far received very little attention, but the very excellent results ob- tained wherever it has been tried should warrant a much greater production of fruit. The principal reasons why more fruit has not been grown are, want of a market at home, owing to our small population, and high rates for transportation to outside markets. But both these preventing causes are likely to be removed, as large areas of land are about to be brought under cultivation by the government irrigation system, which will more than double our population; besides, the mining outlook of our State never was as bright as it is now, and the transporta- tion companies show a disposition to treat us more liberally than formerly, so I think it is safe to predict that in the near future a great deal more fruit will be planted, and more people will have an opportunity to enjoy Nevada fruit. Nevada apples have proven their great excellence when brought into competition with the best of all the other States at New Orleans and at Chicago. The beautiful color of fruit here must be owing to the high altitude (from 3,000 to over 5,000 feet), and clear, cloudless days, sometimes warm in the daytime but always cool at night, and perhaps also to an abundant supply of iron and potash in the soil. The only apples I have ever seen that compare favorably with those of Nevada were grown in Idaho and in the Hood River Valley in Oregon, where similar climatic conditions prevail and perhaps a simi- larity of soil. Fungous diseases do not thrive in this dry climate.- The only injurious pests we have are the woolly aphis and codling- moth. The former is being eliminated by lady-bugs, and the latter can be kept under control by close attention to [16] bands which form a protection to a beetle that eats the larva? of the codling-moth. The San Jose scale has made its ap- pearance in a few places here, but a spray of lime, salt and sulphur will keep it from doing much harm until its own particular enemy multiplies as it did in California. Strawberries, raspber- ries, loganberries, black- berries and currants are a decided success here. Also cherries, plums and pears do well and are free from all diseases, and in favorable location peaches are a reasonably sure crop. All these fruits have a re- markably high color and a rich, fruity flavor. In the southern part of our State, in Lincoln County, almost semi- tropical conditions exist. There are planted and in bearing, grapes, almonds, figs, olives, and even some African dates. Oranges and lemons, I believe, have not been tried there, but no doubt they would do well. This part of the State has been even more retarded in fruit de- velopment by want of a market than the north- western section, but a transcontinental railroad now build- ing through the southern part of the State will soon give access to the markets of the world. BOUGH OF APPLE TREE FROM ORCHARD OF ROSS LEWERS, NEAR FRANKTOWN Bee Industry, Nevada's Sweetness. JOHN EDWARDS BRAY. THE honey industry of Nevada is not the least of her business enterprises and resources, though yet in its infancy. Experts have placed the quality of Nevada honey in the foremost rank at the many great exhibitions held throughout the country in the past ten or twelve years. As yet Nevada's resources for the production of honey have scarcely been tapped, and when they are once realized and developed, Nevada will surely become the foremost honey-producing section on the American continent. Bee men are just beginning to realize that our climate has superior advantages for bee culture and fine honey production on a large scale. Our dry atmosphere and abundant supply of moisture by irrigation, the latter condition being certain of wide extension in the immediate future under the vast irrigation projects and works of the United States government, supply precedent conditions of a most important nature. Nevada's list of honey-produc- ing plants is very extensive; in fact, nearly every known variety of wild flower found in the United States, which has value to the apiarist, can be found growing on our hill and mountain sides and in many fertile valleys. But the chief source of our honey is alfalfa, the king of forage plants, which here reaches perfection in growth, in the immense size of plant and blossoms and in the quantity and quality of nectar secreted. From spring until fall this luxuriant plant can be found under our system of irrigation and frequent harvesting of crops in almost continuous blossom. During this long period of bloom, a practically rainless period, the surplus honey is gathered. This honey has a flavor distinctly its own, being very much superior, as experts tell us, to the famous sage honey produced in the mountainous [17] regions of California. Samples of both the comb and ex- tracted product were exhibited by Mr. L. D. Flory.* At the National Bee-keepers Convention, held in Los Angeles, California, in the month of August , 1903, it was said by all present to be the finest on exhibition, it being in competi- tion with the produce of nearly every important honey- producing section in the Union. The past two seasons, 1902 and 1903, have witnessed an immense increase in the number of colonies operated, the increase being more perceptible east of Reno, in the vast alfalfa fields of Washoe, Churchill, Humboldt and Elko Counties. This has been due largely to the importation of bees from Southern California. In further illustration of the quality of Nevada honey, it might be well to add that it took the first premium at the World's Fairs at New Orleans and at Chicago; at the Mechanics' Fair in San Francisco; also at State Fairs in Ohio, Michigan and Indiana. Black honey, so frequently found in many sections, is rarely seen in Nevada. As to the quantity made, our bee-men report the average about one hundred to one hundred and fifty pounds per swarm. Mr. J. M. Fulton, district passenger agent for Nevada of the Southern Pacific Railway, informed the writer that about twenty-five carloads of honey were shipped out of Nevada last year which, taken with the home con- sumption, would indicate that our product, in 1903, was more than one million pounds a pretty good record for * Mr. Flory, who furnished much of the material for this article, is one of the far-seeing bee-men who in the past ten years have left Cali'o T nia and c me over to Nevada, locating near Yerington, in Lyon County, where he has huilt up a very fine apiary, from which he is reaping a rich reward, a new industry in Nevada. The reputation of Nevada honey for superiority has reached England and France, and within the past year large orders were received from those countries. It is not possible within the limits of this article to refer individually to all the different bee-men who have become prominent in this industry in Nevada. However, as we have been furnished with cuts of one of the many large plants in the State, it has been thought proper to present these to the readers of this pamphlet, together with some interesting NEVADA APIARY facts in connection therewith, as typical of our various bee plants. Messrs. Thorn and Ercanbrack, whose apiary is represented in the accompanying cuts, have three hundred or more colonies in their plant near Lovelock, Humboldt County, Nevada, The business is run on a scientific basis, [18] and all the honey is extracted from the comb before being marketed. Alfalfa fields are the feeding grounds of the bees, and they thrive wonderfully well. The cuts show the loca- tion of the colonies in a grove of tall cotton trees, and a dray -load of extracted honey in cans on its way to the storehouse or cars. Proper legislation for the protection of the bees against disease, and a general co-operation on the part of those en- gaged in the business, will be essential as this industry is extended, and it is to be hoped that the State authorities will give the business the attention it warrants and foster The Sugar-Beet in Nevada. F HONEY READY FOR MARKET this growing industry of the State of Nevada. These re- sults, it is believed, will soon be forthcoming, and then Nevada will stand in its bee industry second to no State in the Union. PROF. N. E. WILSON. OR eight successive seasons, from 1891 to 1899, the Nevada Experiment Station conducted a series of exhaustive experiments with the sugar-beet, with the object in view of ascertaining whether the con- ditions of soil and climate prevailing in Nevada are suited to the culture of beets contain- ing sufficient sucrose to be of use commer- cially in the manufacture of sugar. A large portion of the State in fact, all of the northern and western parts lies within the thermal area suitable to beet .culture. Within this area, also, is to be found a major portion of the agricultural lands of the State ; and it was to these areas that our investigations were confined. The first season's work went far to show what could be done, although the minute details of practical cultivation as applied to the thor- oughbred beet were by no means well un- derstood at the time, and it was a very difficult matter to get the ranchers who were co-operating with the station to un- derstand that the beet for sugar production is not that of great size and weight like the prize pumpkin at the county fair. Each season's experience, however, brought im- provements in these matters, and the re- sults of each succeeding season were more gratifying than those of the preceding. The records of the eighth year's work all point to the fact that sugar-beets of high sugar content and purity can [19] be grown here; and not alone this, but that they can be grown in quantities amply sufficient for a factory supply. In fact there are several sections in the State, each of which could supply a factory for a long campaign. This is espe- cially true of the Lovelock Valley in Humboldt County, where 20,000 acres of land in a single body, perfectly adapted to the growth of the beet, occur. The soils of Nevada are exceptionally strong in the elements of plant food necessary for beet growth. This, together with the almost cloudless sky and bright sunshine and with the use of good judgment we can have the best of facilities for supplying water, in the quantities needed for irrigation makes this State an ideal section for the beet production. It was formerly taught that beets could not be produced under the irrigation system, but experience has shown that beets can be brought to a high state of perfection under the system. This is not only clearly demonstrated by the cul- tural experiments in this State, but also by the practical work of the factories at Lehi, Utah, and in the Pecos Valley in New Mexico, and is but an instance where theory and practise do not go hand in hand. The locality giving the best results we have found to be the Lovelock Valley. The soil of this valley is peculiarly rich and fer- tile, and has been formed by the growth and decay of tules, which have been covered by sediment, thus forming alternate layer after layer of decayed tules and sedimentary silt to a great depth. This valley contains at least 100,000 acres of good beet land, and from 20,000 to 30,000 acres could undoubt- edly be secured for beet-growing in the ad- vent of a factory for the manufacture of the product. Carson Valley, in Douglas County, has a soil quite well adapted to beet culture, but not so well adapted as that of the Lovelock Valley, nor is it as easily worked, and is more gravelly and stony. Water facilities in this valley are good and lime rock can be obtained, but the fuel problem would figure a little more on account of transportation by team for some distance. The results from this section are not as promising as those of the Lovelock Valley, yet are above the average. [20] In Mason Valley, situated mostly in Lyon County, but extending for a few miles into Esmeralda, the experiments have been very satisfactory. The soil is alluvial and very fertile, and a large acreage is available for beet production should the circumstances warrant. TheTruckee Meadows, in the Truckee Valley, Washoe County, have given good returns. The soil is hardly of the best type for beet growing on account of a large amount of coarse gravel contained in it, nevertheless, good beets grow there, and a tonnage of fifteen to the acre has been produced. In the north end of Ruby Valley in South Elko County, the soil is a rich black loam which has washed from the surrounding mountains and has been found to be a strong wheat-producing soil. The experiments conducted on this soil show it to be a good beet pro- ducer. Other conditions are favorable, except fuel. The district is too far from the railroad to get coal at such prices as would enable a factory to use it, but an abundance of mountain mahogany would be available. The Battle Mountain district in Humboldt County pos- sesses a strong soil which is easily worked. The facilities for water, lime rock and fuel are about the same as in the Lovelock Valley. The soil of this vicinity in all probability carries a little too much alkali for the best results, but it is in such form and the topography of the country is such that the excess could be easily drained off. The average of all samples analyzed during the season is as follows: Number of samples, 183. Per cent of sucrose in juice, 17.05; per cent of sucrose in the beet, 16.20; pur- ity, 84.68. This average includes those beets which were grown without any cultivation or care whatever, and which in one case ran as low as 7.4 in sugar content. This being the case, it is readily seen that with proper care of the beets in all cases our average of sugar content would be very high. The cuts published herewith are of types of beets raised in the Lovelock Valley by Mr. John Harrison. They are but a good average of the crop from about twenty acres, which gave by very careful measurements, 24 tons of trimmed beets per acre. [21] The Mining Industry. W. T. MORAN. U. S. Dept. Min. Sur. ; Resident Surveyor Comstock Lode, Virginia City, Nevada. IT being impossible within a brief space to give an ex- haustive description of the mining industry of Nevada, the writer must therefore content himself with making a few statements regarding the mining in the past and present within the State, and offering a few facts to prove the statement which has often been made, viz., that the mining and prospecting already done ; has merely been scratching. When a good map of Nevada is examined, it will be noticed that the topography consists of not less than 60 distinct ranges of mountains, all of which have been named, besides many more lesser chains and isolated peaks, divided from one another by valleys more or less fertile. These ranges vary from 10 to 50 miles in length, and gold and silver in greater or less quantities is found on every one of them. The mountain ranges run nearly north and south, but in some cases the mineral belts run east and west; one in par- ticular, in Elko County, extending east and west, is nearly 40 miles wide, and 130 miles in length; gold in placers and ledges has been found in paying quantities throughout its entire length. The area of Nevada is 71,000,000 acres, mostly mountainous. We will proceed to show what has been done in the few known camps. We can form some opinion of the future possibilities of the State. Every day new discoveries are being made. No one ever heard of Tonopah until late in 1900, nor of Goldfield until two years later. -It is there- fore reasonable to suppose that many more equally as rich and productive districts will be discovered from time to time when the ubiquitous prospector reaches them. It is not to be supposed, however, that no prospecting has been done along these ranges; they have all been more or less tra- versed by eager seekers after gold and silver, but various causes led to many promising ledges and placers being aban- doned for the time being; among these causes may be men- tioned inaccessibility, scarcity of water, lack of transporting facilities, lack of funds, etc. We will now proceed to show what has been done in the different Counties, taking them in alphabetical order. CHURCHILL COUNTY. The gold discoveries in this county are phenomenally rich, and several extensive copper mines are turning out and shipping matte. In the eastern part of the county are several high ranges of mountains, notably, Carson Sink, Augusta and Sinkavata Mountains. These mountains, like all others in Nevada, are seamed with ledges, carrying gold and other precious metals. Many rich veins of gold and silver have been discovered, and have turned out a large amount of bullion. Most of the discov- eries are of recent date, and give promise of becoming bon- anzas. DOUGLAS COUNTY. Is generally mountainous, with rugged high peaks. The Pine Nut Mountains in the eastern part of the county are seamed with ledges of quartz, rich with precious metals. There are also rich placer mines, which have been worked profitably in a small way, the scarcity of water preventing more extensive operations. In the southern part, gold mines have been worked for many years very profitably. ELKO COUNTY. This county contains 10,972,000 acres of land, or over one-seventh of the entire State of Nevada. Its length is 155 miles and width 129 miles. It is not con- sidered a leading mining county, but the net proceeds of its mines hold a respectable relation to the net proceeds of the mines of the State. The mountains cover one-half the area of the county, and are from 8,000 to 12,000 feet high. These mountains are rich in minerals, but were never thoroughly prospected. Tuscarora, the leading mining camp of the [22] BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF VIRGINIA CITY county, was one of the first discovered, and has been worked continuously since. The placer mines there discovered are also being worked. Afterwards silver ledges were developed, and have turned out $10,000,000 worth of silver. Since the advancement of gold in value, the gold ledges in the district have been opened up, and are now being profitably worked. ESMERALDA COUNTY. The mines of Esmeralda prin- cipally produced silver, but since the decline in the value of that metal, gold production has received more attention, and many rich ledges have been opened up. The principal dis- tricts in this county are Aurora, Pine Grove, Hawthorne, Palmetto, Silver Peak, Candelaria, Silver Star, Tule Canon, Montezuma and Cambridge. These camps have produced not less than $20,000,000. In the county is also situated the new camp of Goldfield and a part of the camp of Tonopah. A few words about the Goldfield District will not be out of place here. Scarcely two years old, it has developed into a very promising camp, and bids fair to rival its sister camp, Tonopah, from which it is distant 26 miles. The principal mines are Jumbo, surface average $275 per ton, at 50 feet [23] average $1,467, Combination (ore goes $200 to $400 in gold), the January and Florence. EUREKA COUNTY. Eureka District was discovered in 1864. This district ranks second only to the world-famous Comstock in Storey County. The mines have produced $125,- 000,000, and only a few ledges known to exist in this district have been worked, and very little deep mining has been done. In this camp, as in many others, the cyanide process of treat- ing ore and tailings has caused a great revival, and worked a wonderful transformation. Lead is largely produced from the mines of Eureka District. Iron is found in abundance, and near Palisade in the northern part of the county is a YELLOW JACKET GOLD AND SILVER MINING COMPANY, GOLD HILL, W. E. SHARON, SUPT. large deposit of magnetic iron ore now being worked. The mining camps are Eureka, Cortez, Mineral Hill and Safford. LANDER COUNTY. Silver and gold were first discov- ered in 1862, and since then mining has been the principal industry of the county. The most important mining dis- tricts of this county are Austin, Galena, Lewis, Bullion, Pitts- burg, Kingston, Marysville, New Pass and Yankee Blade. Good prospects have. been found in every mountain range in the county, and throughout the county are many rich un- OVERMAN SILVER MINING COMPANY, GOLD HILL, W. E. SHARON, SUPT. developed prospects of gold and silver. About twelve miles southward from Austin, in the Tdiyabe Mountains, are the Big Creek Antimony Mines, which with similar ones in Hum- boldt and Churchill Counties enjoy the distinction of being the richest mines of this metal in the world. The ledge is very wide, and about two miles of its length has been traced. Lander County has produced over $36,000,000 worth of pre- cious metals. LINCOLN COUNTY. Contains 19,000 square miles or nearly 12,250,000 acres. It was organized in 1866, and has produced $30,000,000 in gold, silver, lead and copper. Hun- dreds of millions remain to be extracted, as in fact mountains [24] of mineral lie practically untouched in this county. Other metals besides gold, silver, copper and lead exist in large quantities in this county. In the Raymond and Ely Mine alone over $5,000,000 worth of zinc exists which could be extracted with profit were transportation cheap. LYON COUNTY. In this county is situated Silver City, one of the richest mining districts in Nevada. Many millions in gold and silver have been taken out, and at present all or nearly all the mining claims are being worked with more or less profit. Here, too, cyaniding has worked wonders, and is being carried on on a large scale. The mines in this dis- trict carry a very large proportion of gold. The great draw- back to mining in this district is the presence of water within 100 feet of the surface preventing deep mining. This obstacle will be removed when the system of drainage contemplated and now being constructed is completed. In the central and southern parts of this county promising gold and silver quartz ledges have been found, notably at Como. In the eastern part many copper mines are being worked at a profit. NYE COUNTY. Many rich mines of gold and silver have been discovered in this county, and have yielded an enormous amount of bullion, but as in other portions of the HOISTING WORKS'OF THE CONSOLIDATED VIRGINIA AND CALIFORNIA MINING COMPANY, VIRGINIA CITY [25] State, the transportation facilities are almost absent, and consequently retard the development of the county. When more railroads come, all this will be changed, and it will be profitable to work low-grade ores. A railroad has recently been built from Sodaville to Tonopah which has given cheap transportation, and opened up a vast territory containing many rich mining camps. A few words about Tonopah will show that the State is practically unexplored and unprospected. Four years ago, or in 1900, James Butler discovered Tonopah, and at present writing there are over 4,000 people in the camp. From its discovery up to the last day of December, 1901, $4,500,000 was produced. The mineral zone is 7,000 feet long by 5,000 feet wide. Besides gold and silver, copper, lead, antimony, zinc and quicksilver have been found in quantity in this county, also gypsum, fireclay, chalk, soapstone, borax and alum. ORMSBY COUNTY. There is little or no mining being carried on in this county, but many of the wealthy mine owners of the State have their residences in Carson, the capi- tal, which is a beautiful and attractive city. STOREY COUNTY. This is essentially a mining county, and has produced the greater part of the gold and silver that has been taken out of the State. No group of mines in the world have taken out more. The amount is $600,000,000. It is the only place in the State where deep mining has been carried on to any extent. The workings are down 3,200 feet and some of the most expensive pumping and hoisting ma- chinery in the world are in operation in the mines of the Comstock. These mines are as modern and up to date in ' their equipment and operations as any in the world, and the use of electricity for airing and lighting the mines is almost universal. Electricity is also used for hoisting in some of the mines, and for pumping in the C. & C. Shaft of the Con. Cal. & Val. Mine. The entire mine is lighted by electricity, 250 1 6 candle-power lamps being used in the drifts, stopes and cross-cuts, as well as at the different stations. Electricity is also used to compress air to drive the drills and to run the fans used in keeping the mine cool. Previous to the intro- duction of electricity into the camp the cost per horse-power was $20.00; this has been reduced to $7.00. WASHOE COUNTY. The leading industries of this county are agriculture and manufacturing, but recently won- derful discoveries have been made of almost fabulously rich mineral deposits, notably at the Wedekind Mine, near Reno, where in apparently unproductive rock, values as high as $700 per ton have been found, and extensive bodies of very rich rock have been blocked out in the various mines on the Wedekind Lode. Gold and silver have been universally mined in various other parts of this county, which contains also rich veins of copper, iron, sulphur, borax; salt and soda are to be found in large deposits north of Pyramid Lake. There are mines of quicksilver also in this county. WHITE PINE COUNTY. Some of the richest silver mines in the State exist in this county, and were universally and profitably worked up to the time when silver declined in value. Lately many rich discoveries of gold have been made and new ones are being constantly found. The principal min- ing districts are Hamilton, Ely, Eberhardt, Treasure City, Mineral City and Osceola. At Osceola extensive placer mines are being worked by hydraulic process, and annually yield a large amount of gold. SUMMARY. Nevada is one of the richest States. It is no longer a silver State only. Employment can be found for more men in mining for gold than silver mining afforded in the past, and a greater output of wealth can be returned every year. The Comstock ore is about 45% gold. Eureka ore carries about 30% gold. Lincoln County ore is mostly gold. Esmeralda ore, except at Candelaria, is all gold. Sil- ver Peak has a gold ledge 45 feet wide and miles in length. Pine Grove Ledge in Esmeralda has produced $2,000,000 in gold; it is 200 feet wide and is traceable for miles, and is prac- tically untouched. Hawthorne is also a gold-bearing district. [26] JOHN W. MACKAY U. S. GRANT, JR. GEN. U. S. GRANT Ex-Gov. J. H. KINKEAD JAMES G. FAIR MRS. D. GII.LKTTE MRS. U. S. GRANT MRS. JAS. G. FAIR JAPANESE SERVANT, KNEELING General U. S. Grant and party's visit to the Consolidated CaliforniaTand Virginia Mines,) Virginia City.jNevada.iUpon return from a tour around the world 1881 Sulphur Mining in Nevada. THIRTY years ago, while roaming over the Kamma Mountains, a Piute Indian found little mounds of yellow stuff that had been brought to the surface of the earth by the badgers that had their haunts in that district. Indian George brought some of these yellow particles to Humboldt, then, as now, a thriv- ing little eating station on the line of the Central Pacific Railroad. This mineral, unknown to the Indian, but well known to two prospectors who were then at Humboldt, excited their interest, and George was promised a broncho, a saddle and blankets if he would direct the prospectors to the spot where he found this strange-looking yellow rock. This the Indian did. The prospectors then and there located the ground, posted their notices, did their discovery work and formed a mining partnership under their names of Feely & Nord. It was not long before the partners disagreed, and quarrel followed quarrel. One hot July afternoon a furious fight took place between them, and the partnership hereto- fore known to exist between Feely & Nord was dissolved. Feely lay dead over a pile of sulphur ore, with a red streak trickling from somewhere underneath his blue cotton shirt. The law of Humboldt County pursued Nord. He was tried for his life at Winnemucca, and the judge's sentence, "To be hanged by the neck until dead," closes the simple chapter of the discovery and location of the sulphur mines of Humboldt County, now the largest in the United States. For long years the property was abandoned and the ghost of Feely was monarch and his power supreme. But of late years the property again received the attention of mining men. After years of idleness, many vicissitudes, changes of ownership and losses amounting to thousands upon thousands of dollars by those who undertook to work the property, it attracted the attention of Mr. Isadore Zellerbach, one of the most successful business men of the city of San Francisco. In August, 1899, Mr. Zellerbach bought the property. EXHIBIT AT ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION He organized the Nevada Sulphur Company, with himself as president and Mr. Louis Bloch secretary and general man- ager. Mr. Marcus M. Baruh was placed in charge of the mining operations, and.- under this able management the property has been placed on a dividend-paying basis, and [28] today ranks as one of the foremost mining enterprises in the State of Nevada. The mines are located thirty-five miles northwest of Humboldt, in Humboldt County, Nev., on the western slope of the Kamma Range, a low chain of hills of volcanic origin rising out of the desert, and bounded on the west by a wide expanse of almost perfectly level alkali flats known as the Quinn River and Black Rock Deserts. The country rock of the sulphur deposits is of uniform character and great extent. It consists of an immense quan- tity of light and dark grey tufa conglomerate, formed of vol- canic ashes and fragments of volcanic rocks, which, in some instances, are only partly cemented. The sulphur ore is found in immense blanket formations, thousands of feet in area. It is mostly mined underground through tunnels, but in some instances is found near the surface, and is then worked in open pits and the ore quarried. The ore is hauled to the refinery and deposited in cast- iron retorts holding about two and one-half tons. A recent analysis of the sulphur produced by the Nevada Sulphur Company, made at the University of California, at Berkeley, Cal., showed 99.81 per cent pure sulphur, and contained absolutely no deleterious matter. It is equal to sublimed sulphur for all purposes, and has supplanted that article throughout the Pacific Slope. The mine and refinery are operated the entire year, the company employing thirty-five men in and around their works. They own 1,600 acres of sulphur-bearing ground and have thousands of tons of ore exposed a guarantee that the mine has many years of a profitable life before it. The company has made a meritorious exhibit of their ores and products at the St. Louis Exposition, in the Min- ing Department of the State of Nevada. Approved by: & O. A. DOCKHAM, Secretary Chamber of Commerce. WILLIAM E. SHARON, the subject of this sketch, was born in Ohio, in the year 1852. His early life was spent on a farm, and his education and training was of that character which fitted him for the active and practical side of life. His na- tural affability, quick perception and excellent judgment of human nature have been of great advantage to him in his busy life. He is not only generally popular, but among those who are more intimate with him, he is regarded with the highest of esteem. In the year 1872, when comparatively a boy, Mr. Sharon came to Nevada, and has been a resident of the State con- tinuously up to the present, and his judgment is that he will still be a resident thirty-two years from now if Providence is kind to him. Upon arriving in Nevada, Mr. Sharon located at Virginia City, where he engaged in mining, gradually working himself up from a subordinate position to the superintendency of some of the most celebrated mines on the Comstock Lode among which are the Belcher, Crown Point, Yellow Jacket and Overman. These mines have produced many millions of dollars, ma- terially increasing the world's wealth and adding greatly to the prosperity of the western country. Being an active, progressive and broad-minded man, Mr. Sharon has always been foremost in furthering the best in- terests of the State, and has become associated or directly connected with many of its best resources, hence he has con- siderably more than an ordinary interest in the future devel- opment of those resources. He is ever ready to listen to any plan for the betterment of conditions, or the broadening of opportunities for the upbuilding of Nevada, if such plans have merit, and none will enter into the spirit of the project more readily than he. He is not a man that gives serious consideration to petty jealousies, class distinction or social standing. He meets all on the level, and always has a kind word for the man in over- alls or broadcloth. Billy, or Will, as he is familiarly known all over the State, is at home in any part of Nevada. In public affairs he has always taken a decided and active BELCHER SILVER MINING COMPANY, GOLD HILL, W. E. SHARON, SUPT. part, not a prejudiced one, but from a standpoint, as he viewed matters, for the benefit of the people, not the indi- vidual. Mr. Sharon never has sought public office. He has, how- ever, been mentioned at various times for Governor, Congress and other positions of honor and trust. He served his county (Storey) two sessions of the Legislature as State Senator, which position he filled with credit and honor. For the past twelve years Mr. Sharon has been prominent and energetic in the fight for silver, fully believing that the remonetization of the white metal was of paramount importance to the State of Nevada as well as to the whole country. As chairman of the Silver Party State Central Committee, he has been very active and his work in this organization in the interest of the State and for the benefit of the taxpayers and people gener- ally is now a matter of record. "The New Nevada" is not a theory with Mr. Sharon, but a reality that is rapidly assuming shape and importance. His opportunities for securing information through associa- tions with prominent men of capital and investors looking for chances for safe investment, convinces him that Nevada will soon rank as a leading western State, and mining will not, as in the past be her principal resource, for through the irrigation projects now in the course of development, she will take a front place as an agricultural State. Mr. Sharon is associated as well as directly connected with some of Nevada's prominent interests, the value of which will be greatly increased through the policy of prog- ress and development which is now at hand, and which he will aid in every way possible. In this connection it may not be out of place to say that the fabulous wealth produced from the Comstock Lode is a matter of history, and there are possibilities yet to be accom- plished which will eclipse the record of any former production and even cause the reputed riches of Aladdin or the wealth of Monte Cristo to pale into comparative insignificance. The superintendents of all of the Comstock mines are men of sterling character, and their long experience and practical knowledge of mining, together with the optimistic hopes which every good miner has, as a part of himself, make them capa- ble of undertaking herculean tasks and carrying them through successfully, so at no distant day the unwatering of the lower levels of these great mines will cause a renewed activity on the Comstock Lode which -Will probably equal if not surpass the period when the " big bonanzas "were the wonder of the world. [30] I The Living Witness of the Desert's Tragedy. G. McM. Ross. N time to come , when New Nevada has reached a stage of development and repose, we can imagine her, when thinking of the loved ones she would honor or whose deeds she wpulHV GOOD'S. >I1 Vs -.HIM [47] Transportation. J. M. FULTON. TRANSPORTATION is the burning question of the age in every country on the globe. It is the key to the situation in every human enterprise. By the development of effective lines of transporta- tion which wrap the earth, England has reached the summit of historic glory and power, while neglect has placed her Titanic rival, Russia, at the mercy of Japan, the youngest of the nations. Turkey is in distress, and the peace of Europe is threatened because an extensive area in that part of the world is destitute even of wagon roads, and the hills are full of brigands, who rob and kidnap as securely as they did two thousand years ago. Modern methods produce so cheaply that the products of every part of the world are open to every other part, pro- vided the means of transportation are ample and the country that produces the most desirable merchandise grows rich the fastest, if it can get into the great channels that lead up to the world's wholesale markets. It is not the wares that are shipped into a State, but what goes out that enriches it. The country that produces and sells gets wealthy in pro- portion to the prudence its people show in saving the results of their industry, instead of spending it for luxuries and deli- cacies which must come from the outside. Charges on commodities into a State count for but little, for the charge is distributed in fractions so small that each one whom it touches hardly feels it. A suit of clothes costs from fifteen to sixty dollars, but the highest freight would not amount to more than twenty or twenty-five cents. A hat that costs from two to five dollars, even with the charges on the cases, could not use up more than five or six cents for freight in getting from the factory to the wearer's head. It is the same with dresses, boots, shoes, with tea and coffee, with sugar and all sorts of supplies. Even with farm machinery, wagons, etc., the freight is paid but once, while the machine lasts for years; but the crops which grow on the soil, the lumber made in the mill, the ores taken from the mine, the wool sheared twice a year from the sheep, and the beef sold every winter, go out so rapidly and regularly and are in such keen competition with the products of every other part of the world, that the ques- tion of rates may turn the scale between profit and loss. A family can cut down expenses and save shipping goods in, but a business man cannot be successful if he is hampered in getting what he has to sell into the markets in reasonable time and at reasonable rates. These conditions are found everywhere that men have made their homes, and they apply with more than ordinary force to the man who lives in Nevada. This State has no water transportation; it is a world by itself shut in by im- mense ranges of mountains on every side, mountains so high and rugged that they were considered impassable half a century ago. It seemed to our forefathers that no one but the Indian, the hunter and the trapper could ever make a living here, but thanks to the genius of American enterprise railroads have been built over the summits, civilization has been established, and the fruit-grower, the farmer, the shep- herd and the miner pursue their several vocations with the security, confidence, comfort and greater profit in proportion to capital invested than in the older States or in Europe. It is not necessary to add that this state of affairs would be impossible without the existence of our extensive system of railroad transportation. The State of Nevada has the good fortune by a great trunk line of railroad to lie directly in the path of the greatest traffic in the world today, a traffic that ebbs and flows between the old world and the new and between the occidental and oriental, a traffic that promises to develop to proportions of which no one even [48] dreamed five years ago. The shores of the Pacific are the seat of new and vast enterprise and development. Much of this traffic must and will pass our very doors, owing to the railroad which crosses the deserts and mountains of our State with grades, curvature and standard of general equip- ment that compare more than favorably with those of sys- tems in the comparatively level States of New England and the Ohio Valley. There are but few towns of equal population that are so well provided for in the way of transportation as Reno. Lo- cated as it is on the greatest one of all the overland railroads, the northern terminus of the Virginia & Truckee Railroad with its connections, which extend over three hundred miles of the country south, and the terminus of the Nevada-Cali- fornia-Oregon Railway with its connections covering one hundred and eighty miles north, makes Reno the center of a population and country greater than that of any other town of its size on the Pacific Coast. Rates on the railroads that enter Reno, cost of construc- tion, maintenance and operation considered, are extremely low, and especially is this the case on the products of the soil. Wheat is taken to tide water at a rate of $5 per ton, baled hay at $2.80 per ton, potatoes and onions $4 per ton, apples $7.50 per ton, live stock, wool, honey, lumber, ore and other products are given lower rates than prevail for the same service in many of the eastern States. Population con- sidered, Nevada is given the best passenger service of any State in the Union. Three comfortable, yes, luxurious trains cross our entire State each way daily, and a special train each way every day between Reno and San Francisco. Stran- gers express surprise at the accommodations enjoyed by our people and the rates they get on their shipments. Mutual advantages result from harmony and confidence, and if the people of Nevada realize that the railroads are their friends and all work together for the upbuilding of the State, we will enjoy prosperity in the next twenty years be- yond the imagination of man to conceive. But one cannot build up if the other tears down. The interests of a commun- ity are homogeneous and not antagonistic. The lumber com- pany can hurt the drayman, the newspaper can hurt the bank, the politician can hurt the farmer if they quarrel, but there is no reason why they should do so any more than there is for the man who ships to be at issue with the railroads. A State cannot be made inviting to settlers without good railroads and fair accommodations. Nevada is not behind in this respect, and is indeed fortunate therein, as we have railroads reaching all points of importance and every one is solvent and reliable. They have resources equal to any probable demand. Only those who have lived along bank- rupt and broken down roads know what a blessing it is to have substantial service and capable management. The Nevada roads pay high wages to their employes, and consequently have the best men in the business, men who make good citizens, men who feel secure in their positions because they know they are doing right, and know if they do right they are secure until old age overtakes them, when a pension is provided until death. On the railroads of Nevada everything is kept up to high standard, and as the country grows there is every assurance that the systems required will be created speedily and effect- ively. Especially is this the policy of the Harriman lines, and it is well to remember that one thoroughly first-class road will be of greater benefit to Nevada than if we had several slipshod, half-kept, half-supported railroads. THE TONOPAH MINER rht ?s3'%2 $,&" DUNHAM & MORRIS SAM C. DUNHAM ----- Editor JAMES MORRIS Business Manager I One vear $<.oo Three months $1.50 Subscriptions payable in advance] s|x m J onths > ;o sing , e copies Io THE MINER'S PREDICTION: Two years from Railroad Day the annual production of the Tonopah District will be TWENTY-FIVE MILLIONS. [49] Public Schools. PROFESSOR J. E. BRAY. NEVADA did not grow into Statehood as other com- monwealths have grown. A great mining discov- ery and the excitement attendant thereon, caused it to leap into Statehood, almost in a day, thous- ands of men coming in here from all parts of the globe, forming populous and thriving mining communities in the space of three or four years. Under ordinary circum- stances, the population would not have been considered sufficient to form a State, but the nation was then in the throes of the Civil War, and the aid of another loyal State was needed in the Congress of the United States. And so. for patriotic reasons, Nevada was hurried into Statehood. Fortunately the sturdy, intelligent, ambitious men who made up Nevada's early population were firm believers in public education. At the very outset, beside the corner grocery and blacksmith shop, there went up the church and the schoolhouse. In the three years of its territorial exis- tence schools were generously provided, supported exclus- ively by each community. When a State constitution was adopted, in 1864, provision was made for a comprehensive system of public education, including a State University. By 1867, systematic school legislation had been enacted and liberal provision made for schools in every part of Nevada. SCHOOL DISTRICTS. By a provision of law, "each village, town or incorporated city of this State" constitutes a school district; and other districts may be formed by the various Boards of County Commissioners, for the accommodation of the people when- ever or wherever the same are needed, upon application of five heads of families residing where a school is desired. This brings schools everywhere within easy reach of the homes of our people. FUNDS. The money for the support of the public schools comes from four sources: (a) A State school tax levied annually. (6) Interest on the Irreducible State School Fund (invested), (c) A county school tax. (d) Such special school taxes in each district as may, from time to time, be found necessary in order to main- tain a school at least six months each year. The Irreducible School Fund is now nearly $2,000,000, all of which is kept invested, much of it bearing six per cent interest per annum. From the State, through direct taxa- tion and interest on the Irreducible Fund, goes out to the various counties approximately $150,000 per year; and nearly $100,000 more is raised by direct taxation in the various counties. Thus about a quarter of a million dollars is dis- bursed annually for the education of Nevada's 10,000 public school children. It may safely be said that few States in the Union pay so much per capita for public education; and to this may be added, to the great honor of Nevada, that nowhere is money for the support of the public schools more willingly paid. TEACHERS. A very large proportion of Nevada's teachers have had collegiate or normal school training; the few who have not had such training are men and women with special aptitude for teaching, who have graduated from the best high schools, supplementing that education with such study and experi- ence that they have often ranked among our very best teachers. Considering its sparsely settled condition and its long dis- tance from great educational centers, Nevada is most fortu- nate in having so intellectual and capable a body of men and women to instruct her children. With increasing population and better and cheaper means of transportation all of which are assured to Nevada in the near future will come profes- sional spirit and enthusiasm, more frequent teachers' conven- [50] LIBRARY ANO SCHOOL BUILDINGS RENO tions for consultation and careful study of school problems and conditions, so essential for the best results in public school work. SCHOOL TERMS. In the cities and villages throughout the State, the schools are kept open ten months in the year, and in most of the larger country districts for the same period. Each district must have at least six months of school, and the average in the country districts is nearly eight months. SCHOOL WORK. In all of the schools of the State, the common school branches are well taught, while music, drawing, and nature study receive attention in many of them. Physiology is quite generally taught. Many of the country schools under- take even high school work for the benefit of some ambi- tious pupils who desire to go to the university. Without passing upon the wisdom of such instruction in a mixed school taught by one teacher, I may say that a few bright girls and boys have thus been enabled to pass from country schools direct to college. In many of the larger towns, and notably in Reno, there are well graded schools with modern courses of study, with all the opportunities for education, including preparation for college or university, that may be found in the regular courses of the larger cities of the Union. At Sparks, a village not yet a year old, situated about two and one-half miles east of Reno, is a fine illustration of Nevada educational energy and enterprise. The Board of School Trustees there, in confident anticipation of its great future, are already planning the erec- tion of a model school building, to be built of brick and to contain eight or ten rooms. They are arranging to open schools there in September, 1904, with an up-to-date school system, so that the people of the new town may have, from the beginning, the educational advantages that in the older towns have been the slow growth of years. To the good people of other States and Territories who may be thinking of coming to Nevada, let me say: Nevada's schools are not so good as her people would like to have them, not so good as they intend to make them ; but they are gen- erally in excellent condition, being presided over by most worthv men and women. ST. MARY'S SCHOOL, RENO In 1898 the spacious brick building on the corner of Wal- nut and Chestnut Streets, known as St. Mary's Convent, was opened by the Dominican Sisters as a non-sectarian boarding- school. The aim of the Sisters is to give young girls a solid Christian foundation, to fit them for higher education at the State University. Nothing is left undone to promote the comfort and health of the boarders who at present number thirty-five. Special attention is given to music in all its branches. Painting and needlework also receive due attention. Nor is the Parish school neglected. One hundred children of Reno are daily tutored in all the ordinary branches of education by the Dominican Sisters. Indian Training School, Carson City, Nev. C. H. Asbury, Superintendent. THIS school is situated three and one-half miles south of Carson City, Nevada, on the road leading to the Carson Valley. It was established in 1890, when the first building was erected and school was opened with a few pupils. The capacity and equip- ment have been increased gradually, until there are now needed, as attendance exceeds present capacity. The school is known locally as Stewart Institute, in honor of Senator Stewart, who has been instrumental in getting appropria- tions for its support and improvement. The pupils are generally as tractable, orderly and well- behaved as may be found in any school of equal size, and seemingly eager to improve their condition, learning their work and lessons as well and as readily as scholars of other nationalities. INDIAN TRAINING SCHOOL, CARSON CITY, NEVADA some fifteen buildings, with an attendance of 270 pupils, boys and girls. They are given practical instructions in farming, carpentry, blacksmithing, shoe and harness work, tailoring and engineering; also in cooking, sewing and domestic work, besides the regular school-room work up to the eighth-year grade. The pupils are enrolled from Nevada and adjacent parts of California, the attendance being voluntary. The build- ings are being increased as fast as possible, and the room is The superintendent has an able corps of teachers to assist him, who take great pride in the advancement made by their scholars. This school is supported wholly by the government, and all employees are under classified Civil Service. There have been four superintendents since the school began, Messrs. Gibson, Mead, Allen and Asbury, the latter being the present incumbent. The above cut shows but a small part of the present plant. 53] The State University. PRESIDENT JOSEPH E. STUBBS. THE Nevada State University at Reno is the head of the school system of the State. From kindergar- ten to university the student may go forward step by step. Its courses of study fill out and com- plete the courses of study in the common schools. When a student ascends the University Hill the doors of the university open wide to him if he has been faithful in the primary school, the grammar school and the high school. The requirements for admission to the Nevada State Uni- versity are the average requirements for admission to the eastern colleges. They are not quite so high as the require- ments at Stanford University or the University of California, for the reason that there are but few high schools in the State ; but they are sufficiently high to tax the capacity of the stu- dent for entrance. When a student has once gained admit- tance to the freshman class he finds himself under obligation to do the best work in the school which he has chosen, or failure is inevitable. It is the only institution of collegiate grade in the State, and offers courses of study equal in extent and completeness to those of better-known universities. For example, it has a course in liberal arts and science which for breadth and thoroughness is hardly excelled. All subjects are required in the freshman and sophomore years, while in the junior and senior the work is wholly elective and the student may confine his attention to one, two, or three subjects. The State Normal School is a department of the univer- sity. Those who have completed a high school course may give one entire year to pedagogical training, and then gradu- ate with a grammar grade diploma. Candidates for the high school diploma must take the four years of training pre- scribed by the College of Arts and Sciences. The School of Agriculture is a complete college course in agricultural science. There are at present few students in this course, but the future promises an increasing number inasmuch as the industries of agriculture, dairying and ani- mal husbandry are increasing in importance and value every year. The School of Domestic Arts and Science, which was in- troduced into the university two years ago in order to give the .young women an opportunity for scientific and practical knowledge in the noblest of all arts and sciences house- wifery has proved a marked success. There are from forty to fifty young women who pursue the various branches of cooking and sewing in connection with their other subjects, and with a decided gain to the work, of the young women of the university. A young woman may obtain the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Sciences and have with it, at the same time, an adequate knowledge of the fundamental branches of housekeeping. The engineering courses of the university are among the most prominent and most useful courses of education on the Coast. They comprise the School of Mining and Metallurgy, the School of Mechanical Engineering and the School of Civil Engineering. The lines of study are fully up to the require- ments of the engineering profession in its several departments. The School of Mining and Metallurgy is the oldest and one of the best known in the university, and any student com- pleting this course has a good, strong foundation for his future work in the profession of mining and metallurgy. One of our professors recently made an estimate of the number of young men who had graduated from the courses of engineer- ing and what they are now doing. The total number from these schools is seventy-two, of whom sixty -nine are living; forty-seven are engaged in mining engineering or the man- agement of mines; fifteen in other branches of engineering, and seven in other occupations. In their field of labor eleven are in South Africa, holding lucrative positions ; two in Costa Rica, one in Corea, five in Mexico, one in Texas, one in Wash- ington, D. C., five in Montana, ten in California, one in Wash- ington, one in Illinois, twenty-eight in Nevada, one in Utah, one in New York and one in British Columbia. The School of Mechanical Engineering has been organ- ized for five years and has made enviable progress in that time. Its graduates are holding excellent positions in this State, and there is a demand for more men than the depart- ment can supply. Instruction in woodworking, iron working and the technical subjects of the mining engineering profession is unexcelled. The instruction in drawing in all its branches is superior to that given in the majority of engineering in- stitutions. The School of Civil Engineering, now but three years old, is making excellent progress. It requires more work in sur- veying than any other of the engineering schools, and in the technical subjects of the profession, it aims to qualify the student for success. SCENE NEAR CARSON CITY Work of the Churches. REV. S. UNSWORTH. THIS work is confined almost exclusively to cities and towns on railroad lines, which means that vast areas of the State are unvisited by clergy- men of any name, and that thousands of souls are absolutely unshepherded. But in all the towns of any size on a railroad, churches or a church can be found, and there good work is being done, often in face of trials and discouragements unknown in more populous and more stable communities. There is much preaching of the gospel "to a procession," as some one aptly described his work in a drifting community. That requires faith and the courage born of it, and even greater faith is required to min- ister, not to a passing but to a dwindling population. Many of the old mining camps have become such, and hence have been abandoned by the minister, because first abandoned by the miner. An occasional visit from a bishop or a super- intendent is all that such places can look forward to, "to give them their meat in due season." They probably, if they have any spiritual hunger left, often think the meat overdue. But there are many growing, many permanent and substantial towns, and they have, because they can support, or partly support, them, ministers and churches. METHODISTS. The Methodists probably occupy or supply the greatest number of towns, including Reno, where they have a large church, both building and membership, and a good parsonage, with an earnest and goodly pastor. The superintendent of the work of the Nevada Mission also lives here, adding strength to the local work by his strong and sterling personality. The same is true of the president of the State University, who is also a devoted clergyman of the Methodist Church. [56] METHODIST CHURCH, RENO In Carson, Virginia City, Gardnerville, Lovelock, Paradise Valley, Winnemucca, Yerington and Austin are settled pastors, while in three or four smaller places licentrates are "trying their practice hand on men and then are making the women Christians." John Wesley's spirit is here in Nevada, to the great profit of the State. CATHOLIC CHURCH. And, of course, the spirit of Ignatius Loyola isn't absent. That great Roman Catholic Church that throws such widely loving arms abroad is doing much to draw her children clo se [57] and keep them from the evil of the world here in Nevada as elsewhere. In Reno is a strong church with two zealous and faithful resident priests, with, for the present, an Italian priest to minister to the large number of his countrymen who live here in the "Truckee Meadows." Five "Sisters" also are here, engaged chiefly in conducting a good parochial school. It has been impossible to obtain information as to the work being done in the eastern part of the State, which belongs to the district of Salt Lake, but in the western half, earnest and successful work is being carried on in Carson, Gold Hill, Virginia City, Tonopah, Wadsworth, Winnemucca and Verdi. EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The Protestant Episcopal Church earl}' established itself in the State, and under the wise administration CATHOLIC CHURCH, RENO CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, RENO of its first bishop, grew strong. But like the other churches, it knows the sorrow of having had to abandon once promis- ing places and seeing church fabrics go to decay. In Reno, however, and Carson, Virginia City, Wadsworth, Winne- mucca and Verdi in the western part of the State, and at Elko, in the eastern, a very encouraging work is being done by five clergymen who minister to those places. Money is in the bank at Tonopah for a church building, and more ready as the salary of a clergyman, as soon as a suitable man can be found. BAPTISTS. The Baptists have, in Reno, a fine church and a live congregation, with an earnest and energetic pastor. He is bubbling over with vim, and East Reno, or Sparks, is catching the overflow. Work has been begun there. It is in the "day of small things," yet, but it is begun and will grow. At Verdi is a pretty little church, the only one in the town, belonging to the Baptists, but only used, at pre- sent, occasionally by them. Another clergy- man is at Wads- worth and preach- ing out to Fallons, where a little church is being built. PRESBYTERIAN. The last organ- ization to establish itself in Reno was the Presbyterian, about two years ago. A good church building has been erected, and already thirty communicants are enrolled, and the work is going vigorously on under the direction of a young, aggressive minister. The church in Virginia City is closed at present, but strong parishes are at Carson City and Lamoile, Wells, and Star Valley. CONGREGATIONALIST. Reno is the only town in the State where the Congrega- tionalists have established themselves, but their congregation EPISCOPAL CHURCH, RENO [58] BAPTIST CHURCH, RENO here is in flourishing condition, and under the inspiration of a new pastor arrived, gives promise of a healthy extension of its activities. One of the best church buildings of the State is theirs. ADVENT1STS. The Seventh Day Adventists also have a church in Reno, the sole one, it is believed, of the denomination in the State. VOLUNTEERS OF AMERICA. Mention of the Volunteers of America must not be omitted. They make their presence known wherever they are, and here in Reno their power is being felt. A hall on one of the principal streets in the business part of the town has just been bought, giving them the "local habitation and a name" that promise permanency. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, RENO [59] ^here are today, and there have been since 1860, more Studebaker vehicles used in Nevada than all other makes com- bined. The fact that we give you a better wagon at no greater price is the only reason. Write any of our Nevada agencies for catalogues and prices. If there is no agent in your vicinity write direct to us STTPEBAKER HROS. f .O OF CALIFORNIA. Market & loth Sts. : : SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. NEVADA AND EASTERN CALIFORNIA AGENCIES Austin Commercial Co., Austin, Nevada J. R. Bradley Co., Reno, Nevada Baker Brothers, Lovelock, Nevada C. H. Eaton Co., Gardnerville, Nevada Evans-Burchell Co., Fallon, Nevada The Horton Co., Battle Mountain, Nevada E. Reinhart & Co., Winnemucca, Nevada C. E. Emerson, Susanville, California T. H. Johnstone, Cedarville, California Geo. H. Knight, Adin, California E. Lauer & Sons, Alturas, California Leece & Waterson, Bishop, California Climate and Health Conditions HON. H. F. BARTINE. AMONG Nevada's greatest attractions are the splendid climatic and health conditions which prevail, not merely in specially favored localities, but all over the State. There are considerable differences in temperature depending upon elevation and topog- raphy. Along the line of the Central Pacific Railroad from Love- lock to Wells and that vicinity, the mercury sometimes falls so low as to make the reports almost appalling to people unfamiliar with Nevada conditions. Thirty or forty, and even sixty degrees below zero have been reported. Still so dry and pure is the atmosphere that the extreme cold is hardly noticed, and people seldom neglect their usual winter avocations on account of it. Taking the State as a whole, the thermometer seldom registers lower than fifteen below, and over wide areas there are many winters in which the zero mark is not reached. In summer from ninety to one hundred are about the top limits, and the heat is in no sense oppressive, for the same reason that the cold is not severely felt, namely, the dryness of the atmosphere. Cases of death by freezing are exceedingly rare, while sunstrokes are practically unknown. In the humid climate of the States east of the Mississippi when the mercury rises above eighty- five, human beings and horses begin to drop, overpowered by the heat; but if either a horse or a man ever died in this State as a result of genuine sunstroke, the writer has never heard of it in all the thirty-five years that have passed since he became a resident. The most disagreeable features of the climate are the high winds which sometimes prevail chiefly in the late spring. These are owing to the circumstance that the valleys become heated while the mountain ranges, being partially covered with snow and considerably more elevated, are much cooler. The heated air of the valleys rises and the cooler air from the mountain rushes down to take its place. While those winds are rather unpleasant, they are of comparatively rare occurrence, and when they do come they are highly conduc- ive to health by purifying the atmosphere. Nowhere in the United States are there upon an average more beautiful, sunny days than in Nevada. To say that we have three hundred perfectly clear or fair days out of the three hundred and sixty-five constituting the year is a conservative state- ment. The climate is as salubrious as it is beautiful, and it may well be doubted if anywhere in the world general health con- ditions are better than they are here. It may be asserted with some assurance that no person born and bred in Nevada ever had consumption. There is literally no malaria, no diseases of any kind that can be ascribed to conditions of either climate or soil. With consumption and malaria prac- tically unknown among the natives of the State, or those free from the diseases named when they came here, it is quite apparent that Nevada is exempt from two of the worst scourges which menace human existence and happiness in the region east of the Rocky Mountains. Here, as everywhere, sickness and death come sooner or later to all. Still it can be said in perfect candor that no- where else on the surface of this globe can one hundred and ten thousand square miles of territory in solid mass be found in which climatic conditions are more conducive to health and longevity than are those which prevail universally all over the sage-brush State. With just reasonable care people may live as long, as comfortably, and as happily in Nevada as anywhere else in the world. While possessing a climate that ever keeps our inhabi- tants healthy, we also have for those who shall come afflicted with the various ills of life, nature's sanitariums in several hot spring resorts that rival in virtue any springs elsewhere [61] in the world. Prominent of these are Walley's, in Douglas County, to be reached by stage ride sixteen miles south of Carson City; this is a popular and well patronized resort, with excellent hotel accommodations. The famous Golconda Hot Springs, at Golconda, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, in Humboldt County, and of which Louis Dutertre is proprietor, are visited by many peo- ple yearly. Some of the great virtues possessed by the waters of these springs are further mentioned on another page herein. The Steamboat Springs, ten miles south of Reno, on the Virginia and Truckee Railroad, are composed of a group of geysers and other boiling outbursts of water, extending for a mile along the railway; they emit great clouds of steam which suggested their name, and are said to contain mercury and other minerals in solution which possess great curative qualities for complaints of specific origin and all chronic troubles. The surrounding climatic conditions are unsur- passed. Lawton Springs are on the Southern Pacific Railroad, five miles west of Reno, and is a popular resort. Besides these there are Shaw's Springs, Carson, Ormsby County, Bruffey's Springs in Eureka County, and White Sulphur Springs at Elko, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, all of which are ex- tremely well patronized. SUBSCRIBE FOR THE TONOPAH BONANZA and get the latest news on the most wonderful mining camp in the world. Issued every Saturday evening. W. W. BOOTH, Manager and Editor One year (in advance) $5.00 Three months $1.75 Six months 3.00 Single copies. . . 10 LARGEST CIRCULATION IN TONOPAH UP-TO-DATE MAPS OUR NEW MAP OF NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA is the only up-to-date map of Nevada published. Shows the new towns of TONOPAH, GoLDFIELD, DlAMONDFIELD, COLUMBIA, BuLL FROG, and GOLD REEF, as well as the new TONOPAH RAIL- ROAD from Sodaville to Tonopah. Railroads and Wagon Roads, Post-offices, Towns and Camps re- vised to date. Size 36x42 in.; lithographed in colors, on rollers, price $3.50 The same map on spring rollers, in oak case 5.00 POCKET MAP 28x34 '" w ' tn index, price 50 We are the largest MANUFACTURERS ON THE PACIFIC COAST of School Furniture and Supplies, Church and Theatre Seating, Bank Counters, Post- office Cabinets, Maps, Charts and Globes C. F. WEBER S CO. 526 MarKet Street SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. For Information About Nevada, California and all the West get the books issued by the Southern Pacific and sent for two cents postage each "The New Nevada" "South of Tehachapi" "The Sacramento Valley" "Map of California" "The San Joaquin Valley" "California Fruit" "The Coast Country" "The New Arizona" and literature about summer and health resorts Sunset Magazine leads the west in artistic illustration and ably written articles about the far western states. It is published by the Passenger Department of the Southern Pacific Company and sold everywhere. loc. a copy, jjjl .00 a year. Write to any Agent of the Southern Pacific s SILENT TESTIMONY A little over eight years ago this Company had but one store in Sacramento, handling furniture, carpets, linoleum, draperies, china, glassware, crockery, stoves, kitchenware, etc. Today it operates four large establishments in Sacramento, San Francisco, Stockton, and Reno. The total actual sales for the year ending Oct. 31, 1904, were over $2,34.0,000. This is without doubt the largest volume of business done by any one firm in these lines outside of New York. California and Nevada are just beginning to be developed. Here is some "food" for thought. Sacramento, San Francisco, Stockton, and Reno Reno Power, Light and Water Company INCORPORATED under the laws of the State of Cali- fornia, for $1,000,000, office No. 117 Virginia Street, Reno, Nev. The officers of the company are com- posed of the following gentlemen : President, P. L. Flanigan ; vice-president, Dr. W. H. Patterson ; secre- tary, W. L. Bechtel ; treasurer, the Washoe County Bank. This company own and control the water plant, gas plant, electric light plant, storage plant, ice plant and Hyland Ditch, together with 5,000 acres of land. No purer water is furnished to the inhabitants of any city than is furnished by this company. The Hyland Ditch taps the sparkling waters of the Truckee River, fourteen miles above Reno, near Verdi. It empties into and is connected with two large reservoirs, having a capacity of 80,000 gallons, situated on the high lands near Reno. The water is furnished at a rea- sonable rate to their patrons. Reno consumes 8,000,600 gallons daily, using this water for irrigating lawns, gardens, and all domestic purposes in fact, there is more than enough for a population double the present. The water mains are from 22 inches to 4 inches, and cover all the streets of Reno, so that every person who wishes can have all the water required for all purposes. The present system is to be extended to Sparks, three miles east of Reno, and is to be completed by January i, 1905. The company have acquired a number of absolutely pure springs of water, lying west of the head of their ditch, and intend no install this water to be used for domestic purposes only. When that is accomplished it is probable that Reno can boast of having the purest drinking water of any city in our land. The present gas plant is small, and the rapid growth of Reno has caused the management to contemplate the erec- tion of a late, up-to-date plant commensurate with the city's present and future requirements, which will be installed in the near future. The electric light plant is strictly up to date, with the most modern machinery, buildings, etc. This plant furnishes to Reno residents and surroundings light and power at a more reasonable price than is furnished by any other com- pany on the Pacific Coast. There are over 60,000 incandes- cent and 90 arc lights in daily use in our city, and 5,000 incandescents in Sparks. The company operate their own plant of 600 horse power, and have a reserve bought from the Truckee River and General Electric Company at Farad, Cal., and connected by a long line transmission service with Reno. This company have contracted with the Southern Pacific railroad shops at Sparks to furnish 250 horse power, and the Nevada Transit Company (Reno street railway) with 150 horse power, and are always prepared to contract power and light in any quantity desired. The ice plant operated by this company turns out a pure hygienic article, and suffice to say, the following figures will demonstrate their large patronage : From April ist to Octo- ber 3ist of this year, their sales were 3,339,175 pounds. The cold storage plant owned by this corporation is equipped with the most modern appliances, and the company has perfect facilities for the storing of meats, eggs, butter, poul- try, beer, etc., at very reasonable rates by the month or season. By the foregoing our readers will readily see that Reno has all modern advantages in the matter of water, light, power, etc., making it the equal, in point of health, to any other city in the land, and superior to many. All these advantages, in connection with our pure mountain air, make life in Reno and vicinity ideal. [6 5 ] FI.ANIGAN WAREHOUSE COMPANY The Flanigan Warehouse Company. THIS is the leading warehouse company in the State. They have a large two-story brick building, with electric elevator and all modern improvements, sit- uated on the corner of Fourth Street and Eureka Avenue, on the line of the electric railway. The building has one hundred and six feet frontage and a depth of one hundred and fifty feet, and even this is found hardly adequate at times, especially in the wool season, when the company have from one to two million pounds of wool to care for. This wool is stored in the great ware- house, completely filling it from the floor to the roof, and sales are conducted twice yearly, the representatives of the principal wool-buying centers of the East being present in large numbers at these semi-annual sales. Sheep supplies of all kinds will always be found at the company's salesroom, in charge of attentive salesmen. The company, in connec- tion therewith, conduct a general storage and commission business, storing furniture and household goods, and, in fact, every commodity required, at reasonable rates. They are also general distributors of Castle Rock mineral water, A. B. C. beer, Port Costa flour, and are wholesale dealers in lime, cement, salt, sulphur, wool and grain bags, sheep dip, black- smith and fuel coal, grain, flour, paper and twine; also agents for the Baker & Hamilton complete line of wagons, buggies, runabouts, phaetons, traps and trapettes, always carrying in stock the most complete line in the State; are also agents for the celebrated Champion mowers and rakes, and Buckeye mowers and Tiger rakes. The company are incorporated under the laws of Nevada for $50,000 fully paid up capital stock. The following are the officers of the company: P. L. Flanigan, president; James Dunn, vice-president; S. M. Sample, secretary and manager. [6 7 ] SENATOR P. L. FLANIGAN Sheep Industry. THERE is no section in the union where sheep thrive or do better than in Nevada. During the sum- mer months the hillsides abound with fine native grasses, and in the winter sagebrush makes excel- lent feed. There are about 750,000 sheep in the State. Washoe, Elko, Humboldt, Lander and Esmeralda Counties contain the greater portion. The owners of these herds take great pride in their welfare, and import the best of blooded stock to increase their quality. Nevada wool commands the highest price in the market. The clip this year sold for 12 to 16 cents per pound. Eastern wool buyers send their representatives to the Nevada sales, which take place semi-annually. At these times one of the busiest of these emporiums is the Flanigan Warehouse Company of Reno, Nevada, and during 'one of these sales there will be found the principal sheep owners of the State. The greater portion of the wool is shipped to the East in the original package in grease. Some little, however, is scoured in San Francisco, Cal. The French merino ewe crossed with the Lincoln, Schropshire or Cotswold breed, seems to thrive the best in this State, the mutton being of a very superior quality and the clip averaging some eight pounds. An aver- age of 90 per cent of lambs are raised each year, and bring the very highest price in the Eastern as well as Pacific mar- kets. This year Nevada lambs brought the very highest figure paid in the Chicago market. The sheep industry is conducted on conservative business principles, and it is now one of the greatest sources of rev- enue in the State and increasing gradually year by year. And while there are now only about three-quarters of a million in Nevada, there is abundant room for many times this number, the sheep following the melting snow up the mountain sides during the spring and summer under the FLAT-TAILED PERSIAN SHEEP FROM THE BLOSSOM RANCH, BATTLE MOUNTAIN, NEVADA watchful care of the herder and his ever faithful dog, eating of the tender grasses made by the melting snow and living comfortably during the winter months on the lowlands and in the valleys, thus making of Nevada an ideal climate for the successful raising of these animals. The principal sheep owners of Nevada are P. L. Flanigan, James Dunn, J. D. Flanigan, Wheeler & Ridenour, Martin Predere, A. Fransen, Y. Yparraguirre & Brother, C. E. Day, C. E. Wedertz, J. J. O'Brien, John G. Taylor, W.W.Williams, Adams & McGill, Mrs. W. T. Jenkins, W. F. Mahoney, H. F. Danberg Livestock Co., Thos. Hill, J. W. Freeman, Noble & Talbott, Geo. Ernst, Eureka Livestock Co., Clover Valley Land and Cattle Co., Corbeil & Co., Jordan Valley Stock Co., Golconda Cattle Co., Thos. Nelson and John O' Kane. [68] FINISHED PRODUCTS READY FOR SHIPMENT Troy Laundry Company. THIS fine plant is an ornament to our city, and is situated on the banks of the beautiful Truckee River, at the corner of North and High Streets. The company have erected a large, handsome brick building, with fire-proof roofing, cement floors, and it is as near fireproof as it is possible to make a laundry. They have 50 feet frontage and 125 feet depth, and are equipped with the most modern, up-to-date laundry machin- ery purchasable. The company are incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada for $25,000, fully paid in. The officers of the company are the following, and are among Reno's leading citizens : P. L. Flanigan, president ; J. H. Clemens, vice-president ; S. M. Sample, secretary and man- ager. The company are doing the leading and largest laun- dry business in the State, having agencies at Tonopah, Car- son, Virginia, Wadsworth, Winnemucca and Lovelock, Nev., also Lakeview, Ore., Altruras, Beckwith and Truckee, Cal., and many other points tributary to Reno. The superior class of work done by this progressive com- pany cannot be surpassed anywhere east or west, and under the present management is destined to keep pace with the city's and State's growth. In connection therewith they operate the Reno Clean Towel Supply Company, furnishing towels, looking-glass, comb, brush and soap at a reasonable monthly rental. This branch of their business is assuming large proportions, and is fully appreciated by the many who take advantage of this system. Their motto will ever be found in " honest work and honest prices." Kindly send IDC for postage to the Nevada Chamber of Commerce, Reno, Nevada, for each extra copy of "Greater Nevada." of OHjartrrrti 1881 The California School of Elocution and Oratory offers a systematic course in Elocution and Oratory, and grants legal diplomas upon its completion. This course prepares persons for teaching the art, for public appearances as platform reader or entertainer and for dramatic work. CJ Those who do not desire the complete course may receive instruction in any or several of the following departments : Producing an agreeable and responsive voice able to endure prolonged effort. |JI)1Uiinil (CltltUrf : Giving health and development of body and ease and grace in movement. jExpreaainnal (Framing: Giving S eif-kn wied g e and mastery, essential to success in any business or profession. IHfauitUJ: Producing ability to read, recite or speak effectively. Uramatir ifnterprrtattnn : Helping to a better a PP re- ciation of nature and art and to mental development and literary culture. Programs suggested and pupils coached in recita- tions, monologues, character sketches, addresses, etc. I! Affording instruction and practice in the proper manner of transacting business in Clubs, Societies and public meetings. In this age, every man and woman should understand how to conduct such affairs. Ladies and gentlemen may receive class or private instruction in the day or evening. CIA limited number of children will be admitted to special classes. CJ Terms for lessons and further particulars will be furnished upon application to the principal, Miss EMILY CURTIS, M. E. Asiiuriatunt tiutiliMiw, jEaautt anil tllia 8>an Jfranrtsrn, (California [70] STREET SCENE AT RENO History of the Borax Deposits in Nevada. B. F. EDWARDS. THE United States supply of borax is almost entirely obtained from California and Nevada. The first discovery was made in Lake County, Cal., in 1856. In 1862 the San Bernardino borax marsh was dis- covered. In 1871 borax was found on the marshes of Esmeralda County, Nev., by Mr. F. M. Smith, now presi- dent of the Pacific Coast Borax Company, the largest pro- Marshes in the West differ very much in appearance from what is known in the East as a marsh. In the West they are not necessarily very soft or wet, but are generally dry lakes or lagoons covered with an alkaline crust. They occupy the low depressions in the bottom of the desert and receive the drainage from a large surrounding area, and the saline matter accumulating gives it a light, whitish appear- ance. After a local storm or a cloudburst they may be wet or soft for some time, but when the water evaporates, they glisten like fields of snow. 20-MULE TEAM HAULING BORAX. ducers of refined borax and boracic acid in the world, whose famous twenty-mule team is now on exhibition at the St. Louis Fair, in charge of Mr. J. A. Yerrington of the Nevada State Building. Mr. Smith also located a rich deposit in Nevada known as the Teel's Marsh Deposit, which furnished a large percent- age of the annual output up to 1893. The Nevada marshes have been producing steadily since then. T7Z1 At the time Mr. Smith discovered the borax it was a dry season, and the alkali deposits were more than usually extensive. From the hilltops he could see the gleaming white Teel's marsh, and on visiting it he found a heavy incrustation which seemed rich in borax on testing. It appeared afterwards that he had by chance stepped upon the richest portion of the marsh first. He was so impressed with the appearance of the marsh that he at once located several thousand acres, most of which afterwards proved to be valueless. The material found in these marshes is called cotton-balls, a borate of lime. This is boiled with water and carbonate of soda, when the two minerals change partners, the carbonate in the soda uniting with the lime, forming a carbonate of lime, and the borate in the lime uniting with the soda in the proportions of two parts of boracic acid to one of soda, forming a bi-borate of soda or the borax of commerce. Borax was worth 30 cents per pound when Teel's marsh was discovered, but so many small plants for the produc- tion of borax from cotton-balls were erected in different parts of Nevada, that a rush was started that almost ruined the market. Mr. Smith finally obtained sole control of Teel's marsh by buying out over one hundred locators and clearing up all adverse claims. About twelve years ago Mr. Smith transferred the prop- erty to the Pacific Coast Borax Company, in which he is the largest stockholder, and from that time on the growth of the industry has been rapid. Borax today retails in the larger States for 10 cents per pound in packages, and has a wide consumption among housewives, owing to its cleansing qualities. Teel's marsh was the first deposit to be commercially profitable in the desert region, but the Rhodes, Columbus and Fish Lake marshes were afterward worked to good advantage, and are still working. They are all in Esmeralda County, and not many miles apart. In general appearance these borax marshes are exactly alike. There is a bowl of a valley surrounded by pictur- esque, if barren, mountains, and at the bottom of this bowl is a vast deposit that looks like water, or salt, or dirty snow, or chalk, according to the conditions of the air and the distance of the spectator. When one walks across the marsh, he finds it covered, for the most part, with a sandy-looking crust through which the feet break. Below this crust there is commonly clay, more or less wet, and in places water and slime of unford- able depth. The marshes are, beyond doubt, the bottoms of lakes now dried up. No one can say just where the borates came from, how they were formed, or how deposited. This much is known, however : Borax, in the language of the chemist, is a bi-borate of soda it is a compound of boracic acid and a small proportion of soda. Boracic acid is formed naturally in some volcanic regions, perhaps as cer- tain other products are formed, the sulphurous gases, for instance. This boracic acid, in gaseous form or solution, came rising from subterranean laboratories, through certain other substances, and formed compounds with them. It came in contact with lime, and formed borate of lime, and with soda, and formed borate of soda. These combinations were formed under different circumstances, and therefore the compounds differ from each other in appearance, but just what these circumstances were, nobody knows. The cotton-balls occur in beds and nests and singly as well. Wherever there is a deposit of borate of soda, the crust forming on the deposit continually increases in quantity. After the workmen have removed it, it grows again to a cer- tain extent, but will eventually be worked out. The marshes in Esmeralda County are at an elevation of more than 5,000 feet above the sea. The writer regrets lack of knowledge bearing on borax deposits located north of Reno, operated for many years by Mr. J. M. Fulton. Borax finds innumerable uses, and these are ever increas- ing. It is employed in more than fifty different industries, the most important, perhaps, being those of meat packing, glass and enamel ware manufacture, and domestic uses. There is probably no single article employed in the house- hold which meets so great a variety of needs. The Greater Reclamation Ditch. FOR THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IN NEVADA. THE work for the Irrigating Ditch was let to the C. A. Warren Co., of San Francisco, and the San Fran- cisco Construction Co. carried out and completed the work, the works furnishing all necessary plant. The work consisted of constructing a concrete dam across the Truckee River, first diverting .the water by means of sheet piling, and then constructing a permanent concrete dam, to divert the water into the canal. It required an ex- cavation of about 1,500,000 cubic yards of earth, and owing to the formation of the ground it was necessary to make cuts over one hundred feet; there are three tunnels con- structed on the line, that are lined with concrete. The sides of a large portion of the ditch are also concreted. The com- pany have been working four steam shovels, locomotives, A PORTION OF THK COMPLETED DITCH cars, etc., also about 700 head of horses and over 1,000 men for a period of nearly a year. The size of the ditch varies according to the nature of the ground. In one division, No. i, it is 23 feet on the bot- tom and 15 feet deep, carrying 13 feet of water at all times. The tunnels are all constructed a little smaller area, and the sides, bottom and arches are smoothly concreted and built with a heavy grade, permitting of a very rapid flow of water, and will carry all that flows through the ditch. Heavy spillways and waste-gates are constructed along the line at intervals to afford outlets for the water in case of a break in any portion of the ditch. This ditch carries from 1,200 to- 1,400 feet of water per second, and is one of the largest, if not the largest, in the country. Reference to page 5 in this publication, on "Irrigation," by L. H. Taylor, engineer in the United States Reclamation Service, gives additional and detailed information regarding the ditch and the land through which it runs, as well as the character and great possibilities of the country. This has been one of the most difficult pieces of work that will have to be done on this portion of the system, as the ditch runs through a rough uneven country, the mate- rial of which is very changeable; so far all engineering diffi- culties have been overcome, and the ditch will be completed and water running April i, 1905. The construction of this work has been under the direct supervision of Mr. A. J. Raisch and A. E. Buckman, who are devoting time and energy in carrying out its completion. BM The Construction Company are operating 7o-ton Bucyrus steam shovels on this work, and in order to lift the material out of the ditch and into cars it was necessary to have con- structed special booms 40 feet in length. This is the largest boom ever operated on a steam shovel, and the Company have had no end of trouble and mechanical difficulties to overcome before reaching the point of perfection they have [74] now obtained. A picture of one of these shovels can be seen in the accompanying cuts. These shovels are now worked very successfully in the rough bouldery ground. The carrying out and completion of this work is one of the greatest improvements that has ever been introduced by the United States Government, and its effect and benefit is very far-reaching, and it will put into cultivation a large tract of land that has heretofore been barren, which on the completion of this ditch and of the placing of water on the land will make it blossom like the rose, and the great and now barren waste of sand and sage-brush will be turned into green fields and waving with grain and corn. This work will encourage the undertaking of the same line of work by private individuals on a smaller scale. The San Francisco Construction Company have had ex- tensive work of this character throughout the entire Coast, and are equipped with a plant that will enable them to suc- ONE OF THE TUNNELS WHICH WILL BE LINED WITH CONCRETE, THROUGH WHICH THE WATER PASSES cessfully carry out any kind of ditch or excavation work, on a large or small scale; and are prepared to construct ditches or build railroads on short notice. The capable and efficient manner in which they have performed and carried out the THE BIG LONG BOOM STEAM SHOVEL BELONGING TO SAN FRANCISCO CONSTRUCTION COMPANY construction of this great work, and the many perplexing difficulties they have overcome, is a guarantee as to their ability to handle and carry out any work they may under- take in a satisfactory manner. Mr. Buckman and Mr. Raisch, individually and collect- ively, have been in the contracting business for many years and have had a wide and varied experience in'all kinds of work, including railroad building, tunnels, concrete and stone work, large excavations of both rock and earth, flumes and ditch work, pipe laying, sewering and conduit work in all parts of the Coast, and have always given satisfaction. They pay particular attention to the treatment of their men and to the sanitary condition of their camps. [75] Present Membership of the Chamber of Commerce, Reno, Nevada Abbott, Dr. C. T. Anderson, Henry Andreuccetti, Peter Ainley, J. A. & Son Aitken, J. F. Ayres, Albert D. Bacon & Branard Bacon, E. L. Barett, Mat A. Barrett, John Bakeless, I. N. Ballinger, W. M. Bender, C. T. Becker, C. Becker, J. J. Est. Beard, W. S. Beck, H. H. Bevier, Louis Bingham, C. E. Bingham, E. L. Bonham, J. A. Bony, V. F. Boughton, F. M. Boyd, James S. Bragg, Allen C. Bradley, J. R. Co. Bray, J. E. Brearley & Uniacke Breuner, John & Son Brownlee, H. C. Bryson & Cohn Burnett, Dr. W. F. Burke, Chas. Burke, J. Burke, Peter Campbell, C. M. Chandler, R. R. Caffrey, W. G. Campbell, Frank Carr & Elliott Carroll & Seaman Carpenter, Emery Cheatham, T. R. Clark, A. J. Cleator, Robert Clough, C. E. Coats & White Coffin & Larcum Cooke, H. R. Coppersmith, W. E. Corecco, Jerry S. Cox, W. L. Craig, W. B. Crampton, H. J. Crawley, J. M. Crawley, John D. Crosby, G. T. Curler, B. F. Curler, Benj. Currie, Steve Dann, F. P. Darling, H. J. Davenport, C. M. Davis, H. Dawson, D. A. Defanti, A. DeHalsea, Dr. D. M. DeHart, H. L. Dennis, J. H. Dixon Brothers Dodge, E. R. Donnels, A. T. Donald & Stinemantz Drappe, E. L. Driver, W. G. Dromiack, A. Dryer, Chas. Evans, M. L. Everett, Frank C. Fee, Dr. George Feld & Jarvis Field, H. L. Fitzgerald, J. A. Flanigan, P. L. Flanigan Warehouse Fleishman, L. P. Fogg, W. A. Foster, Sidney C. Fox, A. W. Frank Brothers Frank, M. & Co. Fraily & Goodwin Frale'y, H. Fredrick, Marcus Frey, Frank J. Frisch, Charles J. Fulton, J. M. Fulton, R. L. Genesy, B. J. Gibson, S. C. Golden Eagle Hotel Golden, Frank Gosse, H. J. Graham, W. D. R. Gray, J. H. Gray, Reid & Wright Great American Tea Co. Griffin, A. D. Grocery Co.,W. B. Gulling, C. Hamilton, Dr. J. A. Hayes, John Hennessy, Dr. J. C. Henry, James Herz, R. & Bro. Hershiser, A. E. Hibbard, A. A. Hibbard & McPhail Hildebrand & Co. Hilp, Sol Hilsinger, E. C. Hodgkinson, S. J. Holcomb, G. R. Holesworth, George E. Holmes, A. W. Hopkins, J. W. Humphreys, J. E. Hymers, T. K. Ingalls, G. W. Jackson, J.W. Jenkins, Mrs. W. T. Jerome, S. B. King, F. D. Kirman, R. [76] Knox, Charles L. Knox, H. L. W. Kreft, A. B. Kuhn Bros. Larcombe, Geo. W. Leeper, R. C. Leete, Wm. H. Lehrbuss, Mrs. L. E. Leopold, J. C. Levy, Sol Levy, William Lewis, Dr. J. A. Lewis, F. R. Loring, C. F. Loveland, S. D. Manheim, A. B. Manson, W. O. Manning, A. H. Martin, H. M. McCormick, E. J. McCormack, J. M. McDowell, R. H. McMillan, M. C. McNeilly, W. D. McPhail, A. F. Massey, W. A. Merklinger, J. G. Merrill, E. Merklinger, G. Michael, J. Mitchell, W. J. Monroe, J. E. Mooser, Dr. C. E. IVfott, C. M. Murray, J. J. Nailey, J. B. Nash, Richard Nelson, A. Nelson & Paterson Nevada Hdw. & Supply Co. Nevada Meat Co. Nevada Planing Mill Nevada P. W. & L. Co. Newlands, F. G. Nixon, George S. Nolan, George E. Norcross, C. A. Norcross, F. H. North, A. Novacovich, C. Noyes, W. H. Oakland Meat Co. O'Connor, D. W. O'Keefe, Dan O' Sullivan, J. D. Overland Hotel Packard, P. N. Painter, C. H. Parry, R. W. Paterson, Andrew Patterson, Dr. W. H. Peck, S. J. & Co. Pedercini, G. Perkins & Oliver Pike, W. H. A. Plummer, A. W. Porteous Decorating Co. Porteous, S. G. Prentice, E. H. Price, A. F. Quinn, F. P. Reno Cash Store Reno Meat Co. Reno Mercantile Co. Reno Mill & Lumber Co. Reno Brewing Co. Reynolds, R. Riter, H. Riverside Mill Robeson, G. A. Robinson, William F. Roff, N. W. Rosenthal & Armanko Ross, Dr. Donald Rulison, D. W. Ryland, R. Sain, C. M. Sample, S. M. Sauer, George Savage, S. C. Scheeline, M. Schmitt, Edw. Schwarzschild, J. Shearer, B. C. Smith, H. A. Smith, Oscar Snyder, Chas. Souchereau, J. E. Sparks, John Spencer, A. Spriggs, Fred R. Steinmetz, Theo. J. Stewart, W. E. M. Strassburg, Fred Stubbs, J. E. Sue Wah Sunderland, John Taylor, George H. Taylor, L. H. Taylor, S. T. Talbott, G. F. Taubert, C. T. Ten Broeck, A. H. Thoma, Dr. G. H. Thompson, F. T. Thompson, Harry Pietjen, Henry H. Thyes, H. J. Tooley, A. F. Turrittin, George F. Updike, A. B. Updike, F. C. Van Buren, H. M. Van Duzer, C. D. Vernon, E. Vogliotti, Felix Ward, Bert W. Walker, Dr. M. R. Webster, W. W. Wegg & Boughton Western Ore Purchasing Co. Wedekind, Geo. Wheeler, D. C. Wheeler, S. H. Wilkin, Frank B. Williams, S. Williamson, J. H. Wolfe, M. Woodard, J. C. Woods, Dr. C. H. Wren, Thos. Wright Bros. Wright, John W. Young, George J. [77] Publications on file at the Chamber of Commerce American Mining News, New York California and Nevada State Gazetteer and Business Direc- tory, Suits-Shuman Co. Publishers Central Nevadan, Battle Mountain, Nevada Cherry Creek Miner, Ely, White Pine County, Nevada Chronicle -Union, Bridgeport, California Delamar Lode, Delamar, Nevada Dayton Advocate, Dayton, Nevada Eureka Sentinel, Eureka, Nevada Inyo Register, Bishop, California Lead and Zinc News, St. Louis, Missouri Lincoln County Record, Pioche, Nevada Lyon County Times, Yerrington, Nevada Mining and Scientific Press, San Francisco Mining Investor, Colorado Springs, Colorado Mining Review, Los Angeles, California Mining Review, Salt Lake, Utah Mining Reporter, Denver, Colorado Mining World, Chicago, Illinois Nevada State Herald, Wells, Nevada Orchard and Farm, San Francisco Ores and Metals, Denver, Colorado Pacific Coast Miner, Los Angeles, California Petaluma Poultry Journal, Petaluma, California Reno Evening Gazette Sierra Valley Record, Sierraville, California Sparks Headlight, Sparks, Nevada Surprise Valley Record, Cedarville, California [78] The Argus, Lovelock, Nevada The Bonanza, Tonopah, Nevada The Bulletin, San Francisco The Call, San Francisco The Carson Appeal, Carson, Nevada The Carson News, Carson, Nevada The Chronicle, San Francisco The Chronicle, Virginia City, Nevada The Churchill Standard, Fallon, Nevada The Enterprise, Virginia City, Nevada The Evening Bee, Sacramento, California The Examiner, San Francisco The Free Press, Elko, Nevada The Fruit World, Los Angeles, California The Goldfield News, Goldfield, Nevada The Goldfield Revieiv, Goldfield, Nevada The Ledger, Reno The Nevada Observer, Reno The Nevada State Journal, Reno White Pine News, Ely, Nevada The Record, Gardnerville, Nevada The Reese River Reveille, Austin, Nevada The Searchlight, Searchlight, Nevada The Sunset Magazine, San Francisco The Stiver State, Winnemucca, Nevada The Tonopah Miner, Tonopah, Nevada The Tribune, Lovelock, Nevada The Truckee Republican, Truckee, California Tuscarora Times-Review, Tuscarora, Elko County, Nevada Weekly Independent, Elko, Nevada Battle Mountain, Nevada THE BLOSSOM RANCHES, owned by Mrs. J. A. Blossom, James A. Blossom, and R. C. Blossom, Mgr., comprising, approximately, 25,000 acres, are situated in Humboldt County, about a mile from Battle Mountain, a growing and prosperous town and a great stock-shipping and trading center. These ranches are in the heart of the best agricultural land in the Humboldt Valley, through which flows the Humboldt River, the largest in Nevada, afford- ing great irrigation possibilities and insuring successful stock-feeding. A very fine artesian belt, the only one of its extent in Nevada, runs under this property, and there are seven deep artesian wells flowing at dif- ferent points on the ranches which may be easily piped to any part of them and furnish an exhaustless sup- ply of pure water. The ranches also control a large perpetual water right of their own, the oldest in the valley. The soil is rich and wonderfully adaptable to the cultivation of many varieties of vegetation. The ohief crop is alfalfa. About 20,000 tons of this and other native grasses are harvested in a season, for which there is a ready sale, as stock of all kinds is fattened in Nevada for the western markets' winter supply of beef, pork and mutton. This ranch has some 3,000 head of stock, horses, mules and cattle, a herd of Angora goats and a flock of Persian flat-tailed sheep, the only flock in the western States. These sheep are becoming famous for their R. C. BLOSSOM General Manager of the Blosson Ranch, Battle Mountain, Nev. great size and for their many colored pelts which are made into beautiful and luxurious rugs. Fruit and vegetables of all kinds are very successfully grown, the latter being of a size and flavor unexcelled, commanding a higher price in California than their own products. Experiments have recently been made with sugar beets, with gratify- ing results. The climate in this val- ley cannot be surpassed anywhere in the United States, the thermometer seldom going below zero, and with very little snow in winter, and in the sum- mer being never oppres- sively warm. The nights are always cool. The fishing and hunting in this valley are especially fine, there being a great variety of wild game, and of trout in the Humboldt River. It is the intention of the owners of these ranches to subdivide the property into tracts suitable for home seekers, and place them on the market. Full detailed information may be had by addressing R. C. ARTESIAN WELL ON THE BLOSSOM RANCH Blossom, Battle Mountain, Nevada. The corporation also owns some of the finest and most profitable gold, silver, lead and copper properties in Central Nevada. [79] Mebius & Drescher Co. Importers and Wholesale Grocers Wholesale Dealers in Tobacco, Cigars and Liquors Exporters of California Hops Sole Agents : Tube Rose Brand Syrup, Fruits, Fish and Vegetables. Agents : Bock & Company Clear Havana Cigars. Agents : Pabst Brewing Company Milwaukee Pabst Export Beer and Blue Rib- bon Beer. Sacramento California Why use Brooms made by Prison or Chinese Labor when you can get a superior article made by free White Labor on this Coast** ****** Your Grocer Sells Them Manufactured by THE A. S. HOPKINS CO. SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA Ask for them please Made here from Eastern corn Each broom guaranteed ft TONOPAH, NEV. The Goddess of Gold flew o'er the earth And pitied the desert bare ; A kiss she pressed on the desert's breast, And the wealth of a world was there. $ TONOPAH, Nevada, is today the objective point not only of the working miner and the hordes of mis- cellaneous individuals who flock to new mining camps, but is also attracting representatives of capital from all | parts of the world. Tonopah money and enterprise is re- sponsible in a great measure for the dis- covery of the many adjacent camps, which otherwise might have lain dormant for years. The story of the discovery of Tonopah is too well known to need repetition here. It is now four and one-half years since the Mizpah vein was located, and Jim Butler's little tent has been replaced by a well-built city with a population of about 5,000 people. The financial needs of the citizens are cared for by the Nye and Ormsby County Bank and the State Bank and Trust Company, both strong financial institutions. The streets, stores and many private houses are lighted by electricity. Abundant and wholesome water is sup- plied for all purposes by hydrants from the mains of the Crystal Water Company, commodations are excellent, and the city cafes, which serve first-class meals. JAMES I.. BUTLER The hotel ac- affords several Religious interests are represented by both Catholic and Protestant churches, and an organization formed by a number of the leading citizens of Tonopah was recently perfected, which will provide a public library, reading rooms, social rooms and a gymnasium. The public schools of the town are graded, including a high school, and the educational facilities are of the best. Tonopah is connected with other towns of Nevada by railroad, and the accommo- dations on this line are first class in every respect, and the management caters in every way possible to the needs of the public. To the visitor the town presents a very animated appearance, and the wonderful activity at the railroad yards, where teams of from eight to twenty-two animals are transporting various supplies, some unloading rich ore in sacks or bulk for shipment, presents a picture unequaled in any other part of the world. Statistics show that the railroad brought into Tonopah in the month of October over 10,000,000 pounds of general supplies, which amount was nearly doubled in the month of November. Naturally, one wonders what is the justification for this [81] vast amount of commerce, and it is the object of this article to attempt to set forth the wonderful extent and wealth of the great mines upon which this rapidly increasing business is founded and firmly established. In doing this, we commence with what may be termed the pioneer institution of Tonopah the Tonopah Mining Company, owning the first original locations of eight claims made by Jim Butler. This company commenced operations January i, 1902, and has opened up the mine by six shafts sunk to various depths, with many drifts and crosscuts, which have devel- oped one of the largest mines in America, and for extent of ore bodies and their values, it is certainly the richest mine in the State of Nevada today. The main working shaft, known as the Mizpah No. i, has been sunk vertically to a depth of 945 feet, and passed through the Mizpah vein at the 600 foot level. The main workings, however, are above this level, and below it no crosscuts have been run. The deepest point of the workings on the vein is 540 feet, where a drift on the hanging wall shows that the shipping ore is from 3 to 8 feet wide, but the vein has not been crosscut to determine its total width. The Desert Queen shaft, 1,350 feet east of the Mizpah No. i shaft, has been sunk to a depth of 1,127 feet, and the eastern extension of the Mizpah vein is now being developed on the 814 level, in the ground of the Tonopah-Belmont Development Company. In these eastern workings, the Mizpah vein continues of an average width of 6 feet, and maintains its regular values the Belmont mine being a regular shipper. The Brougher shaft, 100 feet east of the Mizpah No. i, has been sunk to a depth of 700 feet on high- grade ore. The Cutting and Lynch shafts, both sunk on the Mizpah vein to a depth of 300 feet, are also in high-grade ore. While the workings have opened up the great Valley View and Mizpah veins, there are three other parallel ledges which are of milling grade not opened up. The development work on the Tonopah Mining Com- pany's mine amounts to more than 2^ miles in extent, and has practically been entirely in ore. The company has estimated the enormous dumps of ore piled up on the sur- face at 26,469 tons, with a value of $962,374. The value of the ore actually blocked out and in sight in the mine on both veins is estimated at $55,000,000. The total output of the mine up to the commencement of all rail shipments on September 10, 1904, including $4,000,000 shipped by leasers, is about $7,300,000, the ore assaying from $100 to $300 per ton. Since then the all rail shipments have brought the total output to $7,570,000. These shipments would have been greatly increased if the railroad had been able to haul more ore, as the company has a contract for the delivery of 100,000 tons of ore to the American Smelting & Refining Company at Salt Lake City. The mine is equipped with several hoisting plants, air drills and substantial surface buildings, and is under the management of Frank A. Keith, who has for his superin- tendent Alexander Johnson. The future development of the property will include the building of a railroad to the collar of Mizpah No. i shaft, the erection of enormous self-loading ore bunkers, and the sinking of another large working shaft on the Mipzah vein, about 1,000 feet west. Adjoining this great mine on the east are the properties of the Tonopah-Belmont Company, comprising n claims on the west, south and east sides, and a part of the summit of Mount Oddie. These are being developed through the Desert Queen shaft by the Tonopah Mining Company, and a large quantity of shipping ore is being raised and shoots of high-grade ore encountered. South of and adjoining the Tonopah Mining Company are the 17 claims of the Jim Butler Mining Company, under the same management as the two previous companies. These claims are being opened up by drifts on the 340 and 540 levels on the Vallev View vein, [82] ARCHITECTURAL BEAUTIES OF TONOPAH, NEV. No. 1, DUGOUT ; Nos. 2 AND 5, BARRKL HOUSES ; Nos. 3 AND 6, BEER BOTTLE HOUSES; No. 4, TONOPAH MINING COMPANY HOUSE. BIRDS'-EYE VIEW OF TONOPAH, NEV. Adjoining the Tonopah Mining Company on the north are the 15 claims of the Montana-Tonopah Mining Company, covering a width of over 4,600 feet across the vein system and over 1800 feet on its course. The underground workings on these claims amount to 7,000 feet, and the mine still has 3,400 feet of unexplored territory north which may prove as valuable, or more so, than that now being worked. The company commenced shipments in May, 1903, one carload of 26 tons realizing $8,787 net, and total shipments to date amount to $286,000; $50,000 was distributed as a dividend, of 5 cents per share, in December, 1903, being the first divi- dend paid by a Tonopah mine. The ore blocked out is estimated at $3,000,000. The mine has been opened up in a thoroughly practical manner by G. F. Badgett, who had continuous charge for over two years. The property is well equipped with a 50 horse-power steam hoist and dynamo for generating electricity to light the mine, work drills, etc. There are 15,000 tons of ore on the dump which will yield a net profit of $20 per ton. The future plans of the man- agement are to sink a new triple compartment shaft, and railroad switches have been built so that the ore from this shaft can be loaded by gravity, and by another switch all supplies will be unloaded in the same manner. It is also intended to erect a mill so soon as a treatment process has been decided upon. The mine is now under the manage- ment of Donald B. Gillies, a well-known mining engineer of Butte. Malcolm M. McDonald, also of Butte, is consulting engineer. [84] MONTANA-TONOPAH MINING COMPANY'S PROPERTY. The company is in a strong financial position, and still has 165,000 shares in the treasury unissued. Adjoining this great mine on the east is the property of the North Star Mining Company, owning 5 claims, which has a shaft sunk to a depth of 1,085 f eet - This mine is yielding a fair quantity of shipping ore and large bodies of milling ores. A large force of men are now employed opening up this meritorious property. Another mine which is being actively developed is the Rescue, adjoining the Jim Butler Company on the east, where the main shaft is down about 400 feet. These are the mines which are now developing what may be called the master veins of the camp, from which many other smaller veins branch out, and still further east the Halifax Mining Company has recently cut a vein, not yet identified, of low-grade ore. But the greatest amount of prospecting is being done on the western extension, where the Midway Mining Company has opened up three veins with values running from $30 to $120 per ton. THE JOHN MCKANE PROPERTIES. The most important of the western developments are in the properties owned by John McKane, C. M. Schwab, and others of Pittsburg, and under the personal management of John McKane, who brought to this State for investment the millions of the steel trust king. This syndicate controls the Golden Anchor Mining Com- pany, adjoining the Midway on the west, the mine being equipped with a 90 horse-power hoist. It also controls the &K --*" * . . -". LONE MOUNTAIN DISTRICT. No. 1, LOADING GOLDFIKI.D ORK IN CARS; No. 2, TONOPAH EXTENSION ; No. 3, MIZPAH MINK ORE BUILDING, TONOPAH MINING COMPANY ; No. 4, TONOPAH MINING AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY; No. 5, MIDWAY MILL AND MINE, TONOPAH. Tonopah-Extension mine, covering the extension of the Miz- pah vein, and this is today one of the richest mines in Tonopah. Drifts, crosscuts and raises for air bring the total amount of underground workings in this mine to over 2,000 feet. The property is well equipped, and is shipping one carload of ore a day from development work, which is graded to about $125 per ton. In addition to the above, the same people own the Pitts- burg-Tonopah, a western extension of the above; shaft, 600 feet and still sinking; also the Red Rock group, southwest of the Tonopah-Extension: 300 foot shaft, still sinking. They are also developing the Hasbrouch mine at Gold Mountain. Still west of the Pittsburg-Tonopah is the West Tonopah, which has just commenced operations. South of the Tonopah-Extension is the McNamara mine, which is *= * _ * - STATE BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, TONOPAH, NKV. - , " ' iS^^Bin-' '' WE HOPE MINE, RAY DISTRICT, TONOPAH, NKV. actively developing a vein of good milling ore, and also the Ohio-Tonopah, where nearly 3,000 feet of work has been done. Right in the heart of the town is the West End mine, owned by F. M. Smith, the " Borax King," where a large amount of work has also been done. On the south side of Mount Butler are the claims of the New England-Tonopah Mining Company, carrying low-grade values in gold and silver. The necessary machinery is being installed to thoroughly and honestly prospect the large extent of territory owned by the company. One of the pleasing features of this great camp is the lo-stamp mill erected by the Tonopah Mining, Milling and Development Company, composed of 20 of the most energetic pioneers of the camp, who were interested in leasing in the early days, and built this mill to reduce the immense quan- tities of lower-grade ores which remained on the dumps FOREMAN BROS., MINERS' DRUG STORE, TONOPAH, NEV. when leasing ceased. The mill is built on a cement foun- dation with steel frame, and has space and power for 20 stamps. It comprises 10 stamps, 2 Huntington Mills, grad- ing pans and amalgamation pans. The power for this is furnished by a Diesel oil engine operated with California crude oil. Not only has the mill successfully demonstrated that the oxidized ores can be treated locally, but it has released to the owners of the dumps over $250,000, and is today still busily crushing out the precious ores, under the efficient management of W. J. Douglas, a practical mill man and a pioneer leaser of the camp. It was natural that the discoveries at Tonopah should have tempted prospectors to scatter to all points of the com- pass over this great mineral zone, with the result that there are many small camps tributary to Tonopah, of which brief mention is made here. About six miles from Tonopah is the property of the Tonopah Crown Point Mining Company, having a strong quartz surface vein 4 feet wide, averaging from $60 to $75 per ton in gold, silver and lead. This property is being developed by J. M. Healey, formerly manager of the Tonopah- Salt Lake Company. Two miles from this property is situated the camp of Ray. The most prominent object at this camp is the Clark mountain of lime, which rises to a height of 1,400 feet, around which the principal mines are located. The pioneer property is the Ray & O'Brien, owned by RESIDENCE OF GEORGE WINGFIELD, TONOPAH, NEV. [88] the Ray Consolidated Gold Mining Company of Tonopah, of which Arthur Kunze is the manager. The main working shaft has been sunk to a depth of 300 feet, with drifts at every 100 foot level on a body of high-grade ore, carrying gold, silver and lead, several shipments having been made, the ore assaying from $200 to $300 per ton. Another shaft has been sunk 265 feet with drifts and crosscuts blocking out 20,000 tons of milling-grade ore, which, combined with 8,000 tons now on the dump.nvill be concentrated at the mine. Adjoining this property is the Ray Extension Mining Company, which is now sinking a main shaft, and at a depth of 200 feet will crosscut to a vein which outcropped on the surface and assayed from $34 to $680 per ton in gold and silver. On the northwest side of Clark Mountain are the 17 claims of the Mogul Mining Company, under the manage- ment of J. V. Priest. The surface indications on all of these claims are excellent. The veins are well defined, and the property is being opened up from the shaft of the Ray Con- solidated, with a drift now in 500 feet. The company is about to start a crosscut tunnel a distance of 2,000 feet under the summit of Clark Mountain, which will cut a large number of ore bodies at different depths, and save the expense of hoisting. Close to this mine a bed of turquoise has been uncovered by Kunze Brothers, and several parcels of gems have been sold in the East. Another company operating in this district is the " We Hope," which is sinking on a vein bearing gold values. The entire district is covered with veins, and being near the Tonopah and Rye Patch water line, the cost of mining will not greatly exceed that of Tonopah. Fourteen miles north of this is Liberty, where the old Lib- erty mine, owned by the Cramps of Philadelphia, is showing large bodies of fine silver ore. The Florence Extension is also developing a vein of high-grade ore. LONE MOUNTAIN. Fourteen miles southwest of Tonopah we find the Lone Mountain district, which takes its name from a rugged granite peak rising abruptly from the desert. Through the foothills on the south and over an area 12 miles in length and 6 miles wide, a large number of veins of silver, lead, copper and gold ores have been discovered. The Nevada Alpine Company, whose properties are on the west slope of this mountain, last year shipped $208,000 of silver lead carbonate ore, and paid $70,000 in dividends. It has recently opened up a new body of ore assaying from $180 to $300 per ton in lead and silver, shipping two car- loads weekly. Another producer was the General Thomas mine, owned by the Tonopah Belcher Mining Company, which has shipped about twenty carloads of lead carbonate ore, netting about $37 per ton. A great future is predicted for this district. HANNAPAH. East of Tonopah 18 miles is the Hannapah mine, owned by Samuel Newhouse, where a body of high-grade silver ore is now being developed. The operations are much impeded by the enormous flow of water. Thirty-two miles east of this is THE OLD CAMP OF REVEILLE. This camp in the "8o's produced over $2,000,000 in silver, but for the last ten years has been practically dormant ; Norman Reischke, almost its sole inhabitant during that period, brought about its revival by the discovery of the Last Chance mine. This he sold to Thomas J. Lynch of Tonopah for $30,000, and it is now owned by the Southwestern Nevada Mines Company, composed of prominent Tonopah mining men, who are actively develop- ing it with a force of 30 men. The old shaft was continued by the new owners, opening a remarkable cave, with many [89] thousands of tons of high-grade ore in sight. About 400 tons of this ore has been shipped, which, because of its de- sirable quality, costs nothing to treat at the smelters. Other properties are being opened up, and there is every reason to expect a great revival in this camp. GOLD MOUNTAIN. Six miles south of Tonopah is the Gold Mountain dis- trict, discovered by C. Runge, in September, 1901, the values being almost entirely in free-milling gold. Many prospect holes have been sunk in this section, but the principal working property is the Tonopah Gold Moun- tain Company, owning eight claims. The company is strongly financed, with George W. Wingfield as general man- ager, and Owen Owens as superintendent. A trial shipment of three tons of ore was made in April, 1903, which netted $535.67. Another body of gold ore has been opened up, and about 100 tons shipped, averaging $130 per ton. Mr. Owens, the superintendent, has opened up the mine in a systematic manner by driving tunnels through the mountain from both east and west sides, which will connect, intersect- ing the various ore bodies. In driving the east tunnel a new vein was cut, averaging from $30 to $70 per ton. Ship- ments of higher grade ore are being made, which average $130 per ton. Mining experts believe that this mine has a great future. East of the Gold Mountain is the Gold Reef district, where the Free Gold Mining and Milling Company, under the management of James M. Meighan, are sinking and drifting on a vein, assaying from $18 to $90 per ton, gold. This mine has flattering prospects. South of this property eight miles is the old Klondike district, and the Klondike mine is now being worked by leasers, who are shipping silver ore running over $200 per ton. Eight miles east of this is the New Eldorado district, discovered October last, carrying gold values on the surface running fron\$i8 to $60 per ton. Several parties are ac- tively developing their claims here. In the foregoing description of Tonopah and its surround- ing camps, no attempt has been made to enumerate all the prospects which are being actively developed, but the object has been to show that Tonopah is almost a generic name for one vast mineral zone. By reference to the workings and particulars of the largest mines, it is demonstrated that as depth is attained the extent of the ore bodies increases, the values being well maintained. This is especially true of Tonopah, and the many valuable mines now being operated emphasize the fact that this is not a one-mine camp, and that its permanence as a great mining camp is fully assured. For four years Tonopah struggled against adverse condi- tions, being separated from the railroad by 60 miles of inter- vening sand desert. Even the narrow-gauge railroad which has since been built has proven inadequate to cope with the business brought to it, and is now being converted into a broad-gauge road. The fuel problem is now being solved by the development of large coal deposits at Coaldale, 36 miles west on the rail- road, where coal for domestic or smelter purpose is found in great quantities. This will furnish cheap fuel to supply all demands. The construction of many mills to locally treat the vast bodies of ore in the mines and on the dumps is now in con- templation, and then will come the era of regular dividends. Today it is unreasonable to expect all the mines to extract their richest ore, and sort, sack and ship it at great expense and loss to the stockholders for the mere purpose of forcibly paying dividends. Tonopah is unquestionably one of the greatest mining camps in the world, and undoubtedly there will be discov- ered many more veins of valuable ore. [90] MR. H. C. CUTTING, president of Tonopah Mining Exchange, was born thirty -four years ago in Iowa, but came to Nevada so early in life that he likes to claim the latter as his native State. He was fortunate in being born a poor boy, and his extraordinary success has come to him as a result of exceed- ingly hard work. "Luck" never contributed to his success. Hard work and study tell the story as it "has in so many cases of our country's best men. While other boys were taking their rest and recreation, he was rising before daylight, summer and winter, covering his paper route and, later, when he entered the State University, trimming the electric street lamps of Reno, doing work in four hours that his prede- cessor had required all day to do. Many a morning at two o'clock found him still studying, book in hand, pacing the floor to keep awake, when he must be up again at four. He with Frank H. Norcross and Fred Bristol were the first graduates of the Nevada State University in 1891. He taught the school at Candelaria for three years, was elected State Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion at the age of twenty-four, the youngest State superinten- dent in the United States. Four years later, having been admitted to the bar, he compiled the present laws of the State of Nevada, known as Cutting's Code. His en- tire savings went into a home for his mother. He still owed $1,900 on it, and went to Tonopah with $4 in his pocket to make 2,000, to pay off the mortgage and have H. c. CUTTING. $100 for himself. Jim Butler staked him to a lease, the first on the Mizpah ledge. The mortgage is paid, Mr. Cutting has the hundred, and "then some.' ' Whatever he does he does with enthusiasm and thoroughness. He is genial and frank and no one is afraid or bashful in his presence. He is friendly disposed and one cannot talk with him five minutes without being convinced of his absolute sincerity and upright character. The Searchlight. IN THE western part of Lincoln County, in Southern Nevada, is bound t6 take a prominent place among the richest districts in the State. The Quartette, owned by Boston capitalists, and the oldest property in the district, has a 2O-stamp mill at the Colorado River, connected with the mine by a railroad, and also 20 stamps at the mine. This property is now on a dividend-paying basis. Next to the Quartette lies the Good Hope, which is proving to be a duplicate of the former, while the Duplex Company has a lo-stamp mill operating, and has opened up large ore bodies. The Cyrus Todd has made several ship- ments of high-grade ore, and is preparing to erect a mill. The Santa Fe has been operating under a bond, having mill- ing ore from the grass roots and at one hundred and twenty feet struck water. The Southern Nevada, owned by New York capitalists, is operating a lo-stamp mill. The Blossom has some of the richest ore in the district. The Searchlight Mining and Milling Company's property, adjoining the Blos- som mine, has three distinct separate ledges crossing it ; on one a shaft has been sunk 300 feet, demonstrating an 1 8-foot ledge, assaying over $18 per ton. Drifts over 240 feet show the same ledge, carrying same values. The Pompeii, the most northerly located property in the district, has just devel- oped a large ore body at 200 feet level. New England -Tonopah Mining Company This property consists of nine claims, situated on the Southern slope of Mt. Butler, about two miles from the Mizpah. Work- ing shaft on the Proudholm claim down 200 feet; new shaft on the Monitor claim down 80 feet. Stringers of quartz carrying values in both shafts. Equipped with a 50 h. p. steam engine with two 40 h. p. boilers. -*'-*'-*' Officers and Directors : FREDERICK E. ATTEAUX, President JOHN P. JONES, First Vice-Pres. GEO. P. OBERMANN, Second Vice-Pres. DUNCAN B. HARRISON, Secretary and Treasurer ALBERT A. POPE JACOB RUPPERT, JR. FREDERICK. H. GOTTLIEB WM. H. SEAICH C. A. COLEMAN LOUIS LAZARD THE NEW IMPROVED Huntington Mill AIR COMPRESSORS AND ROCK DRILLS STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS HOISTING ENGINES STEAM AND ELECTRIC PUMPS STAMP MILLS CONCENTRATORS HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS AND GIANTS rite us tor information about ROCK BREAKERS AND PULVERIZERS ORE FEEDERS CORNISH CRUSHING ROLLS ORE BIN GATES COPPER PLATES ORE CARS AND SKIPS ORE AND WATER BUCKETS SHAFTING, PULLEYS, BELTING AND MINE SUPPLIES Send for Catalogues and Specifications Harron, RicKard McCone 21-23 Fremont GOLDFIELD, NEVADA IT REMAINED for Harry Stimler and Billy Marsh, natives of Nye County, Nevada, two young Tonopah prospectors, to discover in the regions now confined within the limits of the ^^^ Goldfield Mining district what had been overlooked for years by the old desert pros- pector. For many years these young men have prospected the barren hills of Southwest Nev- ada, often without means to supply themselves with the nec- essaries of life. These young men were among the first to cast their lot in Tonopah, and their study of the formations of that camp led them to be- lieve those vast bodies of ore or similar ones were to be found not far distant.. The experience and success of these two young Nevadans should stimulate other youths of our country to like earnest faithful endeavor. Both of these young men are now possessed of comfortable fortunes. It was about November 10, 1902, that Stimler and Marsh first entered the district now known as Goldfield, and camped near what is now known as Rabbit Springs. These HARRY STIMLER. springs are located one mile southwest of the Combination mine, and they immediately located the same, believing that they would be able to establish a mining camp. For a long time their efforts were grudg- ingly rewarded, but finally for- tune's wheel turned in their favor, and they opened up some of the ledges on Columbia Mountain, including what is now known as the Sandstorm and Kendall claims, that have since produced hundreds of thousands of dollars. They had found gold float near where the Desert Queen now is, or about one mile north of the present town of Columbia. In examin- ing the surrounding country, finding free gold, they made nineteen locations, and return- ing to Tonopah with samples which assayed $12 in gold, they then returned to their camp, making more locations on Col- umbia Mountain, including the now famous Kendall claim, as well as the Sandstorm. They named the district Grandpa, which, after the Combination was discovered, was changed to Goldfield. The following April they took other specimens WM. A. MARSH. [93] UlRD'S-KYE VIEW OF GOLDFIELD, NEV. to Tonopah, which, on being assayed, were found so rich and the fact becoming public, a stampede followed many of the prospectors going on foot or with burros, en route to the new field. What they found has become history, and no attempt will be made in this brief article to follow them in their hopes, privations and successes, suffice it to say their steadfast zeal has opened up one of the greatest store- houses of wealth the world has ever known. The discovery of Goldfield, with that of Tonopah two years previous, and with the wonderful discoveries that have since been made in the surrounding districts, has opened up the largest mineral region in the United States, and will undoubtedly place Nevada at the head of the column in the output of pre- cious metals of the world. The Goldfield mineral zone is five miles in length and nearly two miles in width, and lies in the form of a horseshoe, The most northern point is Black Butte, near Diamondfield, and the zone extends from this point westward, including in its ratio the Quartzite, Vernal, Daisy, Palace, Greatbend, Goldfield, Tonopah, Tonopah Club, Adams, Vindicator, tc the Sandstorm ; thence south to Columbia Mountain, where we find the January, Combination, Jumbo, Florence, St. Ives, Velvet, and scores of other properties. Easterly to Blue Bull are Lone Star and other meritorious properties. Within [94] No. 1, BLTTE MINE, GOLDFIELD DISTRICT ; No. 2, ORE SACKED FOR SHIPMENT, GOLDFIELD ; No. 3, FOUNDATION FOR COMBINATION MILL ; No. 4, COMBINATION ORE READY FOR SHIPMENT. this circle surface values are to be found nearly everywhere, the only question being which is the best place to begin work. Nearly all of the country lying within this area is considered good mining ground. There have been made many fabulous strikes within this known zone. Eighteen months since this camp was a desert, while today it is a veritable gold field as the following record of production to December i, 1904, of shipping and milling ore amounts to the grand total of #3, 658,000. The following is a list of properties with their productions opposite raised with the least physical effort known in min- ing history : Jumbo (shipping ore) $1,200,000 Jumbo (milling ore) 250,000 Combination (shipping ore) 500,000 LOCATION' MONUMENT ON SILVER BELL, NO. 1. Combination (milling ore) 350,000 Tamary (shipping ore) 250,000 Tamary ( milling ore) 385,000 Florence (shipping ore) 350,000 Florence (milling ore) 50,000 Kendall (shipping ore) 125,000 Kendall (milling ore) 100,000 St. Ives . . 50,000 Quart/cite 20,000 Velvet 10,000 Tonopah Club 8,000 Vernal No. 2 5,ooo Lone Star 5,ooo Clermont 5,ooo Besides these mines mentioned, there are at least twenty others in progress of creation, with good ore on the dumps, including both shipping and milling values. Many of them promise as well as those already named. [96] JUMBO MINING COMPANY, GOLDKIELU, NEV. ; ORE ASSAYED AS HIGH AS $250,000 PKR TON. Five towns, with an aggregate population of probably 8,000 inhabitants, have sprung up: Goldfield, Columbia, Diamondfield, Jumbo and Milltown. The first two are the principal towns. Lumber has been very difficult to get, and at present a majority of the population are living in tents, but these are rapidly giving place to lumber and adobe and in several places to business houses and residences of stone of very substantial character one, a two-story stone build- ing that cost $15,000. Nearly every branch of business is represented and prices are not exorbitant. There is abundance of water sufficient for domestic purposes ; that from Rabbit Springs is especially of good quality. An electric light plant is being installed, a brewery is being built and a system of sewerage is being inaugurated ; there is a telegraph and telephone system con- nected with Tonopah, two banks and another large stone one in course of construction, a Wells, Fargo & Company express office, which does an astonishing business every day. An ice plant, cold storage and steam laundry and all other mod- ern conveniences will be added as rapidly as possible. Gold- field and Columbia have live weekly newspapers, the Goldfield News and Goldfield Review respectively, and by sending a subscription to either or both of these papers you will be assured of having the latest reliable information of these camps. A public school has been established and churches and Sunday schools organized. The police regulations are very efficient, and all of the towns are as orderly as older set- tlements. Captain John A. Hassell, a mining writer of extended rep- utation of South Africa, formerly consulting engineer of Cecil Rhodes, and now largely interested in Goldfield, states that " for its age and possibilities Goldfield stands preeminently alone." The early shipments of ore had to be hauled eighty miles to Sodaville and today twenty-eight miles to Tonopah. [97] All this will be changed when the contemplated railroad from Tonopah will have been finished ; the surveys have been made and the road will be immediately pushed through to completion. When finished, a growth of unusual character is assured. The momentous question of the investor and mining man is: Are the mines permanent will they go down? Captain J. A. Hassell further says, " Some will and some will not, in the usual ratio." When this camp was first examined, it was turned down, and so was Johannesburg, South Africa, and by eminent men. A glance at the old files will give an idea of the adverse criticism of the famous Comstock in its early days, and later Cripple Creek, Colo., Bisbee and Jerome, Ariz., and Tonopah measure these criticisms with the actual result. The ores of Goldfield which have reached a depth of 300 feet have all turned from an oxide into a sulphide ; this is strong evidence of permanency. Any other theory is without war- rant. I will say the mines will always go down where the ore turns into the sulphide (and all others may go down even though they do not turn into sulphides). The Com- bination is down 315 feet, and the ore is now entirely sul- phide; the Florence, 250 feet, and its ore bodies better defined maintaining their size and values; the January is down 235 feet, and in the lower workings there are seven distinct veins, with the same result, and the same remarks apply to the Jumbo at 200 feet. And so on down the line we find the St. Ives, Kendall, Tonopah Club, Florence and many other steady producers, and all holding their own with depth. In some cases holes of only twenty feet have yielded over $10,000, in high-grade shipping ore ranging from hundreds to thousands of dollars per ton. The question then seems to find a ready response. If there is any uncer- tainty of the mines going down, it is at least a satisfaction that some of them have already produced fortunes on the surface, and a happier augury of the future that they do not show a sign of exhaustion. This camp is unique, comparable in measure only with some of the great placer diggings, in that the mines give promise of yielding their owners a fortune during their life- time, better still were they only quarries instead of deep level mines. Hence it is safe to say that the average mortal prefers a fortune during a lifetime instead of waiting until near death to see the fruition of his enterprise. The Gold- field discussed is but a small affair compared to what it promises to be. It is situated in the center of a great min- eral zone extending for many miles on all sides, from the Comstock on the north to the Amorgossa Valley on the south. There are a score of good payable mines idle today only awaiting capital and energy to yield their golden stream. From Mexico we hear of American capital pouring in to take up and work low-grade mines of $8 and $10 per ton, while in Nevada there are scores of mines run- ning over $15 per ton idle for want of capital. With the advent of Goldfield much of this will be changed, and this great camp being the richest producer of this vast zone, will undoubtedly become the center or base of operations. To the north, east, south and west new and promising camps are springing into being. Truly the name is no mis- nomer, and lucky is Nevada to have this new jewel added to her laurels. We will now mention a few of the many meritorious properties in this district, beginning with the Blue Bull Min- ing Company, owners of eight claims adjoining the Com- bination on the east and Lone Star on the north. A strike was recently made on the Simmerane Fraction which pro- duced ores assaying 216 ounces in gold per ton. The same cropping and leads run through the Kee and Pig claims of the Blue Bull Company, and 2*4 ounces in gold have been obtained from the surplus dirt of the Kee claim. Leasers on the Iron Dike claim have uncovered a ledge that, after removing 12 inches of top soil, assayed $29 in gold, and have now commenced sinking a 50-foot shaft on the ledge. [98] Xo. I, TONOFAH CLUB MINE; No. i, LOCATION OF RECENT RICH STRIKE, SANDSTORM MINE; No. 3, ORE TEAM AT SANDSTORM. The Blue Bull Dike, running 800 feet across the Pig and Blue Bull claims, is one of the most promising and continu- ous outcrops in the district. This property is crossed at fre- quent intervals by leads running at right angles, and is intersected by the Lone Star lead that is producing high- grade shipping ore. This property has been extensively prospected by trenching. One 5o-foot shaft has been sunk and another started, both of which show ore of good value. Altogether nearly enough work has been done on the Blue Bull claims to obtain a patent, which the owners will soon secure. The officers and directors are O. H. Ramsey, presi- dent; Clay Peters, vice-president and manager; H. C. Morris, secretary, treasurer and superintendent; T. F. Dunnaway and George S. Nixon. The Jumbo Mining Company is owned by J. McKane, C. D. Taylor, H. Taylor, Geo. McClellan and Geo. Kernick. This property has been exploited by leases and has, in the aggregate, produced more than any other property at Gold- field, and has done more, perhaps, to bring fame to the camp than any other one factor. All the work on this property has been done practically by leases. The Bowes- Kernick lease is said to be hoisting $15,000 worth of ore per day, and it is predicted that at the expiration of the lease the sum extracted will reach at least $1,500,000. From one pocket approximately 7x7x3 feet, $36,000 was extracted. The veins vary from the different leases from a few inches to twenty feet in width. One hundred and fifteen tons were shipped to Selby dur- ing October from the Zinn lease that yielded $50,000. Con- siderable milling ore is also on the dump. The Florence is another of the best properties in Goldfield. The lease held by J. P. Sweeney, F. Fathem, W. W. Elkins and G. W. Durgin has been one of the most productive of the district. Ore was discovered by Mr. Sweeney on the property last November, and after an ineffectual attempt to buy it, it was finally leased last January, work immediately beginning, and shipping ore was extracted from the start. The ore shoot rose to almost a point within 15 feet of the surface, and at each level below it has lengthened uniformly until on the zoo-foot level it is about 50 feet long with a strong vein four to six feet wide. Altogether about $250,000 has been extracted. While production goes on at the rate of 200 to 300 sacks per day, there is an abundance of good milling ore on the dump. The ore shipped averages about $300 a ton. About sixty men are employed on three shifts. The ore is being shipped to the Western Ore Purchasing Company at Reno, and to Salt Lake. This brings us to the property of the Goldfield Mining Company, made famous by the strike on the January. A lease was taken on the January claim the 7th of last Janu- ary by L. L. Patrick and John Jones, one-third each, the remaining third being held by B. J. Riley and Z. Kendall. January 22d ore was struck, and there has been shipped to date ore to a net value of $310,000, with eight or nine thou- sand tons of milling ore on the dump, clearing an average value of $40 per ton. Nothing is shipped carrying less than $100 per ton, and all shipped has averaged $200 and better. An assay office is connected with the mine, and shipments are closely checked. The officers of the Goldfield Mining Company are R. L. Johns, president; H. H. Clark, vice-president; H. F. Bragdon, secretary; A. G. Eisen, treasurer. The St. Ives is another property of merit. It adjoins the Algea group on the west, the Paloverda Fraction of the Jumbo Extension Company on the south, and lies within a few feet of the east line of the Jumbo Mining Company. There have been two strikes on the property, and rich ore has been found, shafts have been sunk, and ore is now being sacked which assays several hundred dollars per ton. From the St. Ives is but a short step to the Velvet Mining Company, on which are several leases. No. i lease fiool COMBINATION MINE. is being worked by Messrs. Ricker, Shea and Taylor. Other leases on the property are also being developed. The owners of this property are principally San Francisco people who paid, as we are informed, $100,000 for the majority interest, and the property has fully met all their expectations. The Vernal Mining Company has several very valuable claims located within the rich mineral belt in the Diamond- field district adjoining the Black Ant property and the Vernal No. 2 claim, where $500 ore is being sacked by the lessees. Four leases are being worked on this property. At the present time there are two shafts on the main ledge, one 40 and one 90 feet in depth; sensational values have been found, but not in quantity sufficient to be termed a strike. The Vernal can be classed as one of the best located properties in the Diamondfield district. The officers of this company are Key Pittman, president; A. S. Watson, vice- president; H. B. Lind, secretary; Nye and Ormsby County Bank, treasurer. The Tonopah Club property, together with the Bonanza, constitutes the property of the Conqueror Mining Company. Messrs. Weber, Ish, Heubach, Wingfield and Hennessy are the principal stockholders. The large ledge recently discov- ered exceeds all expectations of the owners, gold having been found outside the limits of what was formerly consid- ered the foot wall at intervals of about sixty feet in width. Henry Weber has assumed the management of the mine, and reports that the showing is much better than he had antici- pated. On the Bonanza claim the ledge has been exposed in several open cuts, and a force of men are now engaged in exploring the same. This claim is also showing up very satisfactory, and the management are much gratified with it. [101] The Sandstorm group occupies a position just north of Columbia Mountain, between two hills. The northernmost claim of the group is now the property of the Kendall Mining Company, 300 feet of which are under lease to T. L. Oddie and M. C. Gardner, Jr., known as the Sandstorm lease. A one-fourth interest in the lease is held jointly by J. Duf- field, Geo. W. Richard and M. E. Ish. The rich deposit on this lease was found within 50 feet of its south end line ; soil gathered on the surface netted $8,800 per ton. One ship- ment of 15 tons of ore netted $80,000. Nothing has been shipped under $250 per ton. A large force of men are con- stantly employed. A gasoline hoist is in operation, and a shaft is being sunk by contract, where a blind ledge has been encountered carrying values from $50 to $80. The ledge matter is an altered rhyolite, through which run quartz veins carrying free gold in an iron oxide matrix. This prop- erty is considered one of the best in the district. M. C.Gardner, Jr., Percy Gardner and others have machin- ery for a ic-stamp mill now in transit which will be installed at Columbia as a custom mill. It is expected to be in oper- ation by February i, 1905. Water for this will be supplied by a company of Eastern capitalists. This plant will involve an outlay of about $200,000, and will have a capacity of 500,000 to 700,000 gallons per day. This will take care of the milling values not only of the Sandstorm, but of the many other properties in the district. The officers of the Sandstorm Mining Company are com- posed of the following gentlemen: J. L. Butler, president; T. W. Kendell, vice-president; H. H. Brown, secretary; E. L. Mimms & Co., fiscal agent. The Diamondfield Gold Mining Company is officered as follows: T. L. Oddie, president; G. S. Nixon, vice-president; A. S. Watson, secretary; Jack Davis, mine manager. This company owns three fractional claims of about 35 acres in all the Harvey, Daisy and Quartzite. This property is located in the Diamondfield district adjoining the Black Butte, Jumbo Extension, Goldfield Daisy and the Vernal No. 2 claim. This property has come into great prominence through the strike on the Riley lease on the Quartzite Fraction, where they struck a 32-foot ledge, assaying clear across its surface over $150 per ton. This ledge has been opened up on the surface and shows nearly everywhere values almost sensa- tional; the quartz croppings on the hill are enormous, and assays justify the statement that nearly all can be milled at a profit. This property was recently organized by Mr. Albert S. Watson, secretary, and through his active operations, it is rapidly advancing to the front in the list of Goldfield bonanzas. The Kendell group is another property on which the Oddie-Gardner lease disclosed such marvelous values as to induce its owners to incorporate the same. It comprises three claims adjoining on the north the Sandstorm prop- erty, the ore being sacked and containing rock assaying from $300 to $1,400 per ton, each sack containing several hundred dollars. About 40 square feet of the surface ground was cleaned and sacked to a depth of 18 inches, which carried large values in coarse gold and nuggets. The shaft has opened up a seven-foot ledge at surface, and at the 5o-foot level at both points, assays run into the thousands. Should these values prove permanent with depth, this already fabulous strike will eclipse all others in the camp. The Goldfield Daisy Syndicate owns three claims at Diamondfield adjoining the Great Bend Group, and Vernal No. 2, with the Jumbo on the west. This property is well located and possesses a number of ledges from which many good assays have been obtained. There are two shafts being sunk by leasers, and the showing has been sufficient to justify a continuation of the development work. The Jumbo Extension Mining Company is a property of unusual merit, owning two claims and two fractions very desirably located and adjoining the Diamondfield Gold Min- ing Company, the Black Butte and the Goldfield Daisy at [102] ton, which now proves from additional work to average $100 per ton, thus making good shipping ore. The Goldfield Black Butte Mining Company is developed by tunnel and shaft, and carries a large body of milling ore which is improving with depth, affording the hope that it may also soon become a shipping proposition. The officers of The Black Ants Mining Company are A. L. Dougherty, president; Henry Weber, secretary and treasurer. The company owns several mining claims: The Macey No. i, Macey Fraction, Black Ant, and Independence Lode. This property adjoins the Vernal Group at Diamond- field. Work is being actively advanced, with fair results. RAY & O'BRIEN MINE Diamondfield. All claims on this property are being actively developed both by the company as well as by leasers. Each claim and fraction is surrounded by properties that have given the greatest strikes in the district. The officers consist of Key Pitman, president; Albert S. Watson, vice-president, and H. B. Lind, secretary. The Empire Mining Company is pronounced by experts to be very valuable. It adjoins the Lone Star on the north and consists of one claim and three fractions, owners, Messrs. Weber, Ish, O'Brien and Mitchell. Two leases are being worked and the company is developing its property by trenches and a shaft. On one of these claims, the Silver Tip No. 10, one of the finest strikes in the district, was recently made in the shaft, gold running from $8.00 to $356.00 per A LEADING HOTEL AT GOLDFIELD, NEV. The Goldfield Diamond Mining Company: Henry Weber, president; J. F. Mitchell, vice-president; P/L. Griffin, secre- tary; Tonopah and Goldfield Trust Company, treasurer; Kenneth Donnelan & Co., fiscal agents. This property adjoins on the south the Jumbo Extension, on the east the Spokane Mining Company, and on the west the Black Butte; is in excellent hands, and should have a good future. Between Goldfield and Columbia there is a group of twelve claims owned by G. S. Phoenix. With a iso-foot shaft and 400 feet of cross-cutting, he has developed several fair ledges and opened up some milling ore. The property is known as the Esmeralda Mining Company. The Bull Frog Mine syndicate of Bull Frog district, lying south of Goldfield about 80 miles, are owners of Bull Frog No. i and No. 2, and a water claim, owners, J. W. McGal- liard, W. Detch, W. Fray, E. Cross, R. Lanka and P. O'Brien, each holding a one-sixth interest- The ledge cropping is no feet long and of unknown width. Assays on the sur- face have run from a few dollars into the thousands per ton. The owners expect a low-grade milling proposition to be realized from it. Four and a half miles east of Bull Frog is the Bull Frog Mining Company. The original Benson and Ladd strike carries values throughout. H. H. Clark of the January mine is a large stockholder. Other properties in this district are assaying well, having strong ledge matters. There are a store and tents at Bull Frog, and about 300 men are estimated to be in the district, with the number daily increasing. Three springs have been developed about three miles above the town, and water-pipes are now being laid. The first year of Goldfield's existence was practically finished December i, 1904, though active development was not begun until February. The showing during this time is a grand total of $3,658,000. When one considers that the mines giving this enormous return are only a few of the many mines of the district, one may well wonder what the next year will bring forth. The greatest surface pannings ever made in any mining camp is the wonderful record of this, the greatest mining district ever known in the world's history. FACTS TO BE CONSIDERED. 1. It is the greatest gold camp ever discovered. 2. It has produced more gold in one year than Cripple Creek in three. 3. It is located in a State ranking third in gold pro- duction, with a great possibility of taking first place in 1905. 4. It is the poor man's camp, where millions are not necessary to take out the hidden treasure. 5. Mining can be done all the year round, as the climate is fine, dry and healthy. 6. Great strikes are of daily occurrence, and may strike "any man's" mine "any day," therefore stocks owned in any mine may be worth a fortune tomorrow. G. W. INGALLS. H. W. KNICKERBOCKER PROSPECTOR GOLDFIELD, ::: NEVADA I have been in Goldfield since its birth and know every foot of ground in the district. I own claims in different parts of the mineral belt and will sell on reasonable terms. : : Correspondence solicited. : : References: State Bank & Trust Co., Goldfield, Nev.; H. E. Wood- ward, Aspen, Colo.; H. J. Newman, Colorado Springs, Colo. [104] Lovelock Land and Development Company. ONE of the most commendable of the private enter- prises in the State is that of The Lovelock Land and Development Company, composed of the fol- lowing members: George S. Nixon, president; J. H. Thies, vice-president; R. C. Moore, secretary; Joseph Hill, H. Stoker, W. C. Noteware and F. M. Lee, direc- tors. This is a work of which the simplicity and logic has been demonstrated in a gratifying manner the past summer through fine crops. It seems strange that the project has not been in operation long before. However, the example set by them is being followed repeatedly in other sections of the State. This company owns a ranch of 20.000 acres in CAMP NO. 2 OF THE LOVELOCK LAND AND DEVELOPMENT CO. Situated in the center of their ranch, showing the canal and laterals, four miles from the reservoir. WASTE-GATE OF THE RESERVOIR OF THE LOVELOCK LAND & DEVELOPMENT CO. Through this passes all waste or water not needed by the Company for their purposes. the lower end of the Lovelock Valley, in Humboldt County Old lake beds have been utilized as natural reservoirs, and the water of the Humboldt River is restrained by means of simple dams. The main canal of this company's system is seven miles long, and there are fifty miles of ditches. A good idea of the abundance of water under their control is gained from the accompanying cut, showing the waste-gate of the reservoir, through which passes all the water not needed by the company for their purposes. A section of the canal and its laterals is shown in another cut. This is Camp No. 2, and is situated in about the center of the ranch, four miles from the reservoir. The first crop raised under this system of irrigation has proved very flattering. About 1,800 acres of land were sowed to wheat. A crop averaging nearly sixty bushels to the acre, of a superior quality, was harvested and disposed of at good figures to the Riverside Flour Mills, at Reno, Nev. The wheat in this section is noted for its fine quality, and A BIG HARVESTER WITH jz HORSES, CUTTING, THRESHING, MEASURING AND SACKING WHEAT was awarded a gold medal at the Chicago Exposition. Fifty- five thousand tons of alfalfa were cut in this valley the past season, and find a ready market at good prices. The Wisconsin Gold Mining Company. The property of the Wisconsin Gold Mining Company is located in Sierra County, Cal., and needs small additional capital to finish and make a dividend-payer. No shares ever offered before on this property. Will sell for the next two months a limited amount of stock at 9.0 cents per share, par value $1.00, full paid and non-assessable. Devel- opment work done cost over $40,000. Address for further information or with remittance, pay- able to the Wisconsin G. M. Co., Box 625, Reno, Nev. N. B. This property has no frills, is being honestly managed, and is gilt-edged, the only aim being to make a quick dividend-payer. EVERYTHING for SCHOOLS School Trustees and Teachers can get from us everything in the line of School Furniture, School Apparatus, School Supplies Also Library, School and Teachers' Books, Busy Work and Primary Aids We have the most catalogues issued in the West. Send for them and state which ones are wanted. Let us send you estimates on CHURCH FUR- NITURE, OPERA & FOLDING CHAIRS THE WHITAKER & RAY COMPANY 711 Mission Street SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. ED. J. WALSH The Nevada Boy For the Best Groceries, Hardware, Crockery CARSON CITY, NEVADA, [106] The Rocky Mountain Securities Company of Denver, Colorado E. N. BURR, President W. L. WILSON, Secretary and Treasurer Respectfully invites the investing public to carefully investigate all stocks before they invest. Then make a thorough investigation of the Goldfield stocks offered by us, such as the Goldfield Coming Nation Gold Mines Com- pany and the Goldfield Double Ragle Gold Mines Company; the location of each, the merit of the property, and the main point, the officers and directors under whose management a company's failure or success largely depends. We are recognized among the largest oil and gas producers in Kansas, where we have made money for our many investors during the past year. We believe we can do the same in Goldfield. We purchase outright, promote and develop our own properties. So join hands with a class of men who know how to take money and make money with it for their clients. Our References: NATIONAL BANK or COMMERCE, Denver, Colo. S. E. VERMILYEA (our Goldfield counsel), Goldfield, Nev. THE WESTERN BANK, Denver, Colo. JUDGE COLLINS, Goldfield, Nev. STATE BANK AND TRUST Co. , Goldfield, Nev. JAMES MITCHELL, Mining Engineer, Goldfield, Nev. THE G. S. JOHNSON BROKERAGE Co., Goldfield, Nev. LOOK US UP Majestic Building, Denver, Colorado LOOK US UP TONOPAH, THE GREATEST MINING CAMP IN THE WORLD PALACE HOTEL KENDALL & REILLY TONOPAH, NEVADA Pioneer Livery Stables Tonopah and Columbia Nevada Fine Turnouts, Saddle Horses, etc., at Reasonable Rates Hay, Grain and Wood for Sale Hacks leave Columbia every hour for Goldfield and the mines W. J. SINCLAIR, Proprietor Pioneer Livery, Feed and Sale Stables Lower M in Street Special attention paid transient stock Job Wagon for town work Water delivered to any part of the town in quantities to suit We sell only pure soft spring water Free corral to teamsters Parties desiring to prospect the surrounding country can secure teams at special rates. All business promptly attended to and the patronage of the community solicited. Fair and square dealing our motto. Buy a Lot in Phenix Addition The best located property in Goldfield. Broadway seventy- five feet wide, running straight from Goldfield to Columbia. All travel from the mines and Tonopah must come through this property. All Mining Claims for Lease or Bond Mining Stocks Call on or address G. S. PHENIX, Goldfield, Nevada Highest Cash Price Paid for Gold, Silver, Copper and Lead Ores The Western Ore Purchasing Company CHAS. SNYDER, MANAGER Reno, Nevada BUYERS FOR THE AMERICAN SMELTING AND REFINING Co. Samples Representing Tonnage will be Tested Free of Charge Write for Railroad Billing Instructions RoBT. B. TODD M. HOHN Todd-Hohn & Company Goldfield, Nevada Assayers, Chemists Mining Mill Men Test by all processes any kind of ore Bullion retorted and refined Ore purchased from mining companies or owners of mines Work done promptly, results guaranteed Location notices Come and see us Sample Sacks, etc., furnished A full line of Assay Supplies PALM GRILL Main Street, Goldfield, Nevada FLANNERY & PERRY PROPRIETORS This grill is not surpassed in equipment or furnishings by any other on the Coast ; its chef one of the best. All the delicacies of the season constantly on hand. The 6oc dinner, with the fine orchestra discoursing choice music, with the brilliant lights, showing the handsome appointments and the beautiful paintings, "genuine works of art," adorning the walls, all combined make an impression not soon forgotten. And the price not as high as the same service and the same surroundings would cost in any of our large cities. A visit to this hostelry will be a revelation to the metropolitan city man. Don't fail to visit the Grill when in Goldfield Crystal Water Company Incorporated under the Laws of Nevada Capitalization 100,000 shares, par value Ji.oo Principal Office,Tonopah,Nev. Location of wells, four miles from Tonopah; the present capacity is 100,000 gallons a day, and is being rapidly increased by development. Mains and pipes throughout the town and to hoisting plants completed. Now earning dividends Officers and Directors URI B. CURTIS, President W. J. SINCLAIR, Vice- President GEO. H. LEWIS, General Manager THOS. R. BANNERMAN, Secretary and Treasurer F. S. SAMUELS Goldfield Bargains in Real Estate yielding forty to fifty per cent annually Mines and Stocks at Bargain Prices Our motto is "make money for investors" Write for weekly reports Elliott, Williams & Colburn Goldfield, Nevada . GOLDFIELD . Is rapidly becoming the greatest gold producing district ever known. The opportunities for investment at the present time are phenomenal, but DO NOT INVEST In any stocks until you are in possession of authentic information as to the merits thereof. OUR FREE MARKET LETTER contains the reports as made by our own experts who are continually in the field watching every development of the camp. Write for it, or for any information you may desire. We are not promoters, but independent, unprejudiced brokers, and will protect your interests. You can always keep thoroughly posted on the companies in this camp by letting us put your name on our mailing list, receiving our weekly mar- ket letter ABSOLUTELY FREE. DO NOT INVEST IN ANY GOLDFIELD STOCKS UNTIL YOU RECEIVE OUR MARKET LETTER THE G. S. JOHNSON BROKERAGE COMPANY, Mining Exchange Building : : GOLDFIELD, NEVADA GET A HOME IN SPARKS Cf The wonderful new railroad town of Nevada. Cj Fortunes have been made in Real Estate and the prices are still low. CJ Acre villa sites in the Beautiful Prater Tract at the price of town lots in other additions. C| Also one hundred fine 50 and 40 foot lots at low prices. (]f Bargains in all THE SPARKS REALTY COMPANY SOLE AGENTS FOR THE PRATER TRACT AND RELIABLE DEALERS IN REAL ESTATE The Eureka County Bank OSCAR J. SMITH, President- . Reno BERT L. SMITH, Vice-President Elko J. H. HOEGH, Vice-President Eureka W. E. GRIFFIN, Cashier Eureka H. F. GOLDING, Assistant Cashier Eureka R. H. MALLETT, Cashier Elko JOHN SPARKS, Director Reno Capital, $100,000 General Banking Business YOUR PATRONAGE SOLICITED ELKO AND EUREKA NEVADA A. A. RHEUDE A. M. BRITT BRITT & RHEUDE Proprietors Reno Bottling Works and Buffalo Beer Depot BUFFALO KEG AND BOTTLED BEER AND PORTER, RUHSTALLER'S STEAM BEER AND PORTER, MANU- FACTURERS OF CARBONATED BEVERAGES, AGENTS FOR COOK'S MINERAL WATER. FLASKS, CORKS, SYPHONS, BROMO KOLA AND SYRUPS .... THIRD AND RALSTON STREETS Telephone Red 211 RENO, NEVADA Washoe County Bank RENO, NEVADA Capital Fully Paid-up $500,000.00 Surplus Fund - - 100,000.00 A General Banking Business Transacted EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT Issue Travelers and Commercial Letters of Credit. Drafts and Money Orders Available to all Parts of the World SAVINGS DEPARTMENT Pay Interest at the Rate of 3 '/2 Per Cent Per Annum on Deposits INSURANCE DEPARTMENT We Insure Property Against Loss by Fire, Representing Ten Leading Insurance Companies OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS GEO. W. MAPES President M. E. WARD Vice-President F. M. ROWLAND Vice-President C. T. BENDER Cashier C. H. TAYLOR Assistant Cashier A. H. MANNING Director H. M. MARTIN Director D. A. BENDER Director WE SOLICIT YOUR BUSINESS The Rocky Mountain Securities Company of Denver, Colorado Is a Corporation managed by the following Officers: E. N. BURR, President ; WM. L. WILSON, Secretary and Treasurer Directors: E. N. BURR, W. L. WILSON and JAMES FAULKENER THIS company is composed of experienced financiers, who are familiar with mining and oil properties, and who enjoy the confidence of a large clientage, including leading Colorado and Eastern capitalists. They have spent many months in the study of Goldfield mining properties, and have financed several companies owning a large num- ber of claims which are close to some of the best paying mines in the Goldfield district. Among these properties is that of the Goldfield Double Eagle Gold Mines Co., which is in the gold producing belt, and has strong veins of good surface values, constituting what, in some camps, would be a good mine, and which will, it is reasonable to predict, soon make a steady producer. Hall, Luhrs & Co. Wholesale Grocers fr Sacramento & & Proprietors and Distributors of the following Popular Brands of Goods : "Our Taste" Hams and Bacon "Our Taste" Canned Fruits and Vegetables, Oysters, Salmon, Catsup, etc. "Derby Corn," "Snowflake," "Derby" and " Sunnybrook ' ' Whiskies. Schlitz, Milwaukee and Buffalo Bohemian Export Bottled Beer. The La Internacional and Capdevila Cigars. The Schaw-Batcher Company Wholesale Hardware Mill, Mine and Blacksmith Supplies 211 to 219 J Street Sacramento, California The Schaw-Batcher Co. Pipe Works Manufacturers of Sheet Steel and Iron Pipe Office, 219 J Street Works, isth and B Streets Sacramento, California The California State Bank Sacramento, Cal. SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS Bonds, Stocks and all kinds of In- vestment Securities bought and sold. Exchange, Letters of Credit, Travel- ers' Checks and American Bankers' Money Orders issued, which may be used in any part of the world. Money transferred by mail or telegraph. PRIVATE SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES TO RENT DIRECTORS: FRED'K COX C. W. CLARKE W. E. GERBER PETER BOHL ADOLPH HEILBRON JOS. STEFFENS GEO. W. PELTIER The Wine of Quality. Shadowbrook Distillery Kentucky Whiskies Bourbon Ryes, etc. COMPLETE LINE OF CORDIALS and LIQUORS ALL OWNED BY THE CALIFORNIA WINERY GROWERS, BOTTLERS AND DISTILLERS Sacramento, California TO THE TRADE WE CAN SUPPLY YOU With anything you desire in Hardware, Iron, Steel, Guns and Amunition. Agricultural Implements or Vehicles. An immense stock to draw from. All suitable for Nevada trade. Catalogues furnished on application Correspondence Solicited M) The Thomson-Diggs Co. Sacramento, Cal. W. P. Fuller & Co. MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF PAINTS, OILS AND WINDOW GLASS (N DOORS, WINDOWS AND BLINDS, ETC. LUBRICATING OILS Sacramento, California Enn is -Brown Co. WHOLESALE FRUIT AND PRODUCE COMMISSION MERCHANTS Butter, Cheese and Eggs Potatoes, Onions, Beans IN CAR LOTS A SPECIALTY OREGON AND NEVADA PRODUCTS A SPECIALTY I oo to 1 1 o J Street and I oo I to 1023 Front Street Wilson Manufacturing Co. MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS AND BOTTLERS OF THE BEST CARBONATE DRINKS ON THE MARKET The Greatest Drink on Earth is MONTEREY MIST Bound to be Good if It's Wilson's Orange and Apple Cider in bulk. Sole Manufacturers of " HIGH GRADE" Extracts and Spices. Depot for Bottlers' and Confectioners' Supplies. Allen Springs Water. R. C. IRVINE, 205 & 207 J Street SACRAMENTO, CAL. Deere Implement Co. 209-211 Market Street Agricultural Implements Gas Engines, Vehicles Wagons and Cream Separators San Francisco California Write for Catalogue Adams-Booth Go. IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE G RO C E RS COR. FRONT AND L STREETS Sacramento, California KIMBALL- UPSON CO. THE BIG SPORTING GOODS HOUSE Largest Stock of exclusive Sporting Goods west of the Rockies 144 page Illustrated Catalogue Free 609-61 1 K St. Sacramento, Cal. Nevada and California Products Wood, Curtis & Co, Sacramento and San Francisco, Cal. Reno, Nev. CAR- LOT DISTRIBUTORS Vegetables, potatoes, onions Oranges, lemons, apples, honey and all farm productions Creamery butter and cheese Eastern and Coast eggs Drugs, Chemicals, Proprietary and Pharmaceutical Preparations Druggists' Sundries Glassware Liquors KIRK, GEARY & CO. Drugs and Photographic Supplies 519, 521, 523 J St Sacramento, Cal. LINDLEY & CO. CHERUB TEA One pound packages, 50 cts. Half-pound packages, 25 cts. Never sold in bulk. "Cherub" Mocha and Java Roast Coffee One pound packages only, 35 cts. per pound. "Motor" Coffee, 25 cts. per pound. In one-pound, two-pound and four-pound packages. "Cherub" Pure Spices, in all sizes. All for sale at many Nevada stores and at all Sacramento retail grocers. Sold to the trade only by LINDLEY & CO. Sacramento, Oh Tea Importers, Coffee Roasters and Spice Grinders We Carry the Largest Line of OFFICE DESKS CHAIRS COUCHES BOOK CASES and FILING DEVICES Geo. H. Fuller Desk Co, 648-650 MISSION ST., SAN FRANCISCO CHURCH FURNITURE OPERA CHAIRS LODGE AND HALL FURNITURE SEND FOR CATALOGUES BANK OFFICE AND COURT-HOUSE FURNITURE To Order SEND FOR CATALOGUES SIMONDS SAWS ARE THE BEST * IN ADJU STMENT. *&& I Vj^fe y SAWS, KNIVES, PULLEYS, HANGERS LINK BELTING, AND A FULL LINE OF MILL SUPPLIES SAW REPAIRING SIMONDS SAW Co. Since 1 858 D. N.&E. Walter & Co. 529-531 Market Street San Francisco Importers and Jobbers of Carpets, Linoleums, Mattings, Rugs, Curtains, Wall Paper, Shades, and Upholstery Fabrics The Pure Good Tea you should drink M CHOICE NATURAL LEAF JAPAN YOUNG HYSON .HALF POUND., For Fifty Years the Standard Yokohama M. J. BRANDENSTEIN & CO. San Francisco James H. Fannin & Co. Wholesale Hatters Pacific Coast Agents for the Leading Manufacturers 7 1 5 Mission Street, San Francisco WHITTIER, COBURN COMPANY Plate and Window Glass Manufacturers and Importers Paints, Oils, Varnish, Brushes, Etc. Lubricating Oils and Compounds Plain and Beveled Mirrors SAN FRANCISCO Proprietors and Manufacturers C. & S. and H. & L. Axle Grease Peerless Wire Rope Grease Pacific Coast Agents John W. Masury & Son's Mixed Paints and Colors Glidden Varnish Co. 's Jap-a-lac and Specialties Pratt Food Co.'s Poultry and Animal Food C. A. Wood Preserver (Carbolineum) Beckwith-Chandler Co.'s Varnishes LOS ANGELES S. KOSHLAND & CO. WOOL Bags and Bagging 426 California Street San Francisco, Cal. J. KOSHLAND & CO. WOOL Commission Merchants 268-272 Summer Street Boston, Mass. Wieland Bros. 121-123 Clay Street San Francisco, Cal. Importers and Commission Merchants Specialties : Imported and Domestic Swiss Cheese, Limberger, Brick Cheese, Edam, Roquefort, etc. ; Mackerel, Codfish, Holland Her- rings, Olive Oil, Spanish and Cali- fornia Olives, all kinds of Sausages and other delicacies. Sole Agents for Sierra Cheese, German Breakfast Cheese, Brie, Camenbert, Schloss, Kronen and Neufchatel Cheese. The Celebrated Porto de Oro and Rough Diamond... Manufactured by Wm. Lewis & Company San Francisco Use Twenty -Mule Team Borax in the Laundry, Kitchen and Toilet Sold Everywhere Pacific Coast Borax Company 101 Sansome Street, San Francisco Telephone Red 75 I Meyerstem Company Manufacturers and Importers Gents' Furnishing Goods Cor. Bush and Battery Streets San Francisco "The proof of the pudding is in the eating.'' Equally applicable to CRACKERS and CANDY. Nevada people want the best of everything. They buy, and we ship them regularly, CARLOADS of Perfection Soda Crackers, Cakes and Candy. We thank them for their discrimination and patronage. PACIFIC COAST BISCUIT CO. San Francisco, Cal. Write Today f r one f our fr e illustrated cata- logues explaining the work in our Schools of ENGINEERING, BOOKKEEPING AND BUSINESS SHORTHAND AND TYPEWRITING ENGLISH LAW, JOURNALISM, ART AND ILLUSTRATING TEACHERS' NORMAL, SCIENCE AND LANGUAGES Department of Civil Service Examinations. West Point, Annapolis and the Consular Service. Over three hundred courses. Up-to-date. Practical. HAPGOODS places our students in paying positions. SPARE-TIME COURSES BY MAIL Address: National Correspondence Institute, Washington, D. C. Pacific Coast Office, 927 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. GEO. STONE Pres. NATHAN L. BELL Vice- Pres. and Sec. MORRIS KIND, C. E. Supt. Pacific Portland Cement Company 508, 510, 512 Rialto Bldg., Cor. New Montgomery & Mission Sts. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL Location of WorKs: CEMENT, SOLANO CO., CAL ' GOLDEN GATE CEMENT is being used exclusively by the United States Government's Reclamation Service at Reno, Nevada. Henry Cowell Lime and Cement Co. San Francisco California * Golden Gate ** Cement Dyekerhoff Cement Best Brands of Lime, Plaster, Firebrick, Fireclay, etc. Write for any particulars Jones-Paddock Co. Importers and Manufacturers Coffees Teas, Spices, Extracts Etc. 26 and 28 Fremont Street San Francisco Nevada Sulphur Company SULPHUR FOR ALL PURPOSES Horseshoe Powdered, Horseshoe Pea, Crown, Sublime, and Nevada Lump Guaranteed the Purest and Best Sulphur in the World The Best Sulphur in the World for Sheep Dipping, Spraying and Bleaching SULPHUR Highest award received at the St. Louis Exposition. Office: 707 Front Street, San Francisco Phones: Main 5293, Buyer 59 Port Costa **T lour" 8 *** Port Costa Milling Co. San Francisco Flanigan Warehouse Co. Agents, Reno STEARNS VISIBLE the Worlds Greatest TYPEWRITER ALL the writing always in sight. The Typewritorium SALES AGENTS Typewriter Supplies for all machines 508 Market St. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Scott & Gilbert Co. Manufacturing Chemists 300-302 Davis St. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Flavoring Extracts, Spices, Carbonated Beverages, Shoe Dressings, Writing Inks, Mucilage, Proprietary and Pharmaceutical Medicines, Toilet Articles, Etc., Etc. The largest establishment of its class west of the Rocky Mountains Sachs Brothers & Co. Fancy Goods RIBBONS, HOSIERY, GLOVES, CORSETS, WHITE GOODS EMBROIDERIES, LACES, YARNS Gents' Furnishing Goods 25-27-29-31-33 Sansome St., San Francisco, Cal. Pacific Coast Rubber Company 453-455 Mission Street San Francisco, California ( Hose, Boots and Shoes Belting, Clothing Packing, Oil Clothing Leather Belting It's About Rubber See The Helbing Hat Co. Importers of Hats arid Caps for Men and Boys Manufacturers of Ladies' and Misses' Ready to Wear and Pattern Hats 3-5 Battery Street, San Francisco California ILLINOIS PACIFIC GLASS COMPANY MANUFACTURERS OF Flint, Green and Amber Bottles Bottlers' Supplies, Corks, Labels, Etc. SAN FRANCISCO Los ANGELES PORTLAND SEATTLE Telephone MAIN 561 , C.A. C.Solomon, Jr. INCORPORATED IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE GOODS CHINAWARE, BASKETS LACQUERWARE, BRONZES TOYS, CLOISONNE SATSUMA, PAPER NAPKINS PAPER FANS, LANTERNS PARASOLS, ETC. Tel. Main 1079 412-426 Battery St. SAN FRANCISCO, - CAL. YOKOHAMA :.' i -TOKIQ KDHE -> i HDNGKDNG. UNDER THREE FLAGS Dvnham,Carrigan $ Hayden Co IMPORTERS, EXPORTERS, JOBBERS HARDWARE, BAR IRON & STEEL, PLATES, SHEETS, RAIL, PIPE AND FITTINGS. ENGINEERS', MACHINISTS' ELECTRICAL AND MINING SUPPLIES :::::::: Drill, PicK and Tool Steel COMSTOCK Picks, Shovels and Sledges PACIFIC COAST AGENTS Peerless Rubber Manufacturing Co. RAINBOW Sheet Rubber PEERLESS Piston PacKing. Hose and Belting 17-23 Beale Street SAN FRANCISCO BRANCH: SEATTLE, WASH. 18-24 Main Street H. H. BECK President A. P. BERRUM Vice-Pres. and Gen'l Manager Office Reno Flour Mill Co. Manufacturing Dealers in all Kinds of Mill Stuffs, Including WHITE ROSE FLOUR Equal to any Brand on the Pacific Coast Jobbers in Hay and Grain of all Kinds, as well as Potatoes and Onions in Ton or Carload Lots All Kinds of Meal and Mush Goods Our Whole Wheat Flour Best in the Market Phone Green 74 RENO, NEVADA A Splendid Idea The following resolution is one that can be safely adopted by every family Resolved, That the reader, from this date and henceforth, will buy and use only Golden Gate Coffee Golden Gate Tea Golden Gate Baking Powder Golden Gate Spices Golden Gate Extracts All Golden Gate goods are uniform in quality. They give satisfaction and are economical be- cause of their strength and purity. Our guarantee is back of every package. Every grocer catering to select family trade carries a stock of Golden Gate. J. A. FOLGER CO. Established half a ccntvry. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL Factory: Commercial St. Near Front Warehouses: 643-645 Brannan St. Phone South 304 Milwaukee Furniture Co. H. WM. FRANK, Prop, and Manager Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in all Grades of Furniture, Mattresses and Upholstery Salesrooms and Offices: 960-962 MISSION STREET, Between 5th & 6th SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. A dollar's worth of biscuits for a dollar : : : : : That's the way "AMERICAN" biscuits are sold. It's experience against experiment quality against quantity when you place "AMERICAN" bis- cuits in competition with 'any old' brand. The American public wants the best, and is willing to pay for it. Mere cheapness is not much of a recommenda- tion especially in food products. The men who make "AMERICAN" biscuits are the best that money can hire. The ingredients are the best that money can buy. No cracker factory takes more scrupulous pains to insure absolute purity of its goods. AMERICAN BISCUIT COMPANY 801-817 BATTERY ST. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Wholesale Agents for Nevada: W. I. MITCHELL CO., Reno, Nev. John Hoey & Co. INCORPORATED HOEY'S PATENT PERPETUAL WIRE SPRING MATTRESS The lower fabric is tighter and supports the upper one. Guaranteed satisfactory or money back. It is noiseless and soft ; will sustain a greater weight than any other wire mat- tress yet known. Manufactured only by JOHN HOEY & CO., Inc. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA For sale only by Furniture Dealers. Insist on getting them. A. MACK F. S. KILLOGG L. GuGGENHIMI MACK & CO. WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS 1 3 and 1 5 Fremont St. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Smoke the Best U/GARETTE- PAPER SON BROTHERS & CO. IMPORTERS OF SMOKERS' ARTICLES, NOTIONS AND TOYS 1 5 Sansome Street, San Francisco, Cal. Water Pipe Riveted Sheet Steel and Iron dipped in Asphaltum adapted for Irrigation, Mining, Power Plants Farm Supply and Water Works Air Pipe for Mining Shafts and Tunnels Well Casing a Specialty Tanks for Water, Oil and Cyanide Plants W. W. Montague & Co. San Francisco LANE & CONNELLY Manufacturers of the Celebrated "Lane @f Connelly Cigar" 204-206 Market St. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Every First-class Merchant SELLS The best made that's all Murphy, Grant & Co. Importers of Staple and Fancy Dry Goods Manufacturers of Furnishing Goods Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of The "Never Rip" Overall Best in the World Gloves, Suspenders, Laces, Ribbons, Dress Goods, Velvets, Silks, Flannels, Oil Cloths, Cottons, Linens, Etc. Blankets, Calicoes, Umbrellas, Cutlery, Shawls, Notions, Smokers' Articles, Stationery, Underwear, Hosiery, White Goods. Ml Corner Sansome and Bush Streets San Francisco, Cal. La Baronne Cigars Conchas Especials Puritano Finos Perfectos TILLMAN & BENDEL Pacific Coast Distributers SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. A. Merle Company MANUFACTURERS Brass Foundry Iron Foundry Ornamental Iron Work Brass and Iron Beds Silver Plated Amalgamating Mining Plates Write for Information 515-519 Mission St. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. A. H. MANNING, President C. L. JAMES, Secretary H. J. DARLING, Vice-President MIU..ELECTRIC AND MINING SUPPLIES BUIUJING MATERIALS ' RENO, NEVADA Sacramento 109-111-113-115 J Street, Sacramento San Francisco Los Angeles Baker & Hamilton Importers and Dealers in Wholesale Hardware, Agricultural Implements and Vehicles Creamery Supplies High and Medium Grade Bicycles 2-4-6 Pine Street, San Francisco New York 134-136 N. Los Angeles St., Los Angele California Saw Works Saw Mills -Saws- Saw Tables Band Saws Files Swing Saws 208 to 220 O rV. oan r rancisco Mission Street Los Angeles and Seattle Plumbing, Heating and Steam Supplies Ro bison's Addition West of the Smoke Line; High and Dry; Natural Drainage; Site of Public School and Churches to be Built; Opposite the Ground Apportioned by the Railroad to its Employes ; Contains the Most Desirable Building Lots in Sparks G. A. Robison, Agent Room i 3, Sunderland Building, RENO, NEVADA There is no such thing as a fairly good razor It is either GOOD or it is NO GOOD If it is branded it is good or your money back FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS IN HIGH-GRADE CUTLERY PACIFIC HARDWARE AND STEEL CO., SAN FRANCISCO DISTRIBUTERS TO THE TRADE Smoke Alexander Humboldt High-Grade Clear Havana Cigar MICHALITSCHKE BROS. & CO. INCORPORATED SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. A. H. MANNING, President H. M. MARTIN, Vice-President WASHOE COUNTY BANK, Treasurer C. T. BENDER, Secretary RIVERSIDE MILL COMPANY OUR BRANDS: GOLD MEDAL, RIVERSIDE XXX, BLUE RIBBON, BAKER'S XXX CAPITAL, $200,000.00 W. L. COX, MANAGER MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN Best Patent Roller Flour, Corn Meal, Graham Flour, Oat Meal, Cracked Wheat, Large and Small Hominy, Rolled Oats, Rye Flour, Buckwheat Flour, all Other Mill Stuffs : : : Our flour is made in the best mill that money can buy, by the best miller that we can hire and from the finest wheat that grows. No wonder we win trade. Try it. It will please you. This com- pany was awarded a medal and blue ribbon on its exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893 ** for purity, good color, strength j well milled." Also awarded a medal and blue ribbon at Omaha in 1898 for its flour exhibit. Our new brand, ** Blue Ribbon," is made from selected white wheat, and we recommend it for pastry and the best results in general ::::::: We Make a Specialty of Feed and Seed Grains Cash Paid for Grain LINCOLN PARK ADDITION TO SPARKS, NEVADA This beautiful Park Addition is now on the market Lots and Blocks for sale at First Prices Abstract of Title, showing perfect title, furnished free with each sale This Addition is the finest and most centrally located in Sparks. Three restrictions in all deeds No liquor to be sold on this Addition. No premises to be used for immoral purposes. No house to be built costing less than $J 50.00. All streets graded and improved, a park, 270x400 feet, completely fenced and set with trees and dedicated to the public, all at the expense of the owners. All of this Addition level, high and dry, and soil the best. Lincoln Park Addition is the finest residence tract in Nevada. Write for plats, etc. RICHARD KIRMAN, Pres. Farmers and Merchants Nat. Bank, Reno, Nevada, TrUStCC JAMES A. BOGGS, Managing Agent LINCOLN PARK SPARKS, NEVADA Washoc County Abstract Company Rooms 15 and 16 Washoc County BanK Building Reno, Nevada Abstracts of Titles to all Lands in Reno, Sparks and Washoe County, furnished on Short Notice : : : : ABSTRACTS GUARANTEED The State Bank & Trust Co. Capital fully paid up, $200,000.00 DIRECTORS T. B. RICKEY, GEORGE H. MEYERS, P. H. PETERSEN, C. T. BENDER, E. B. YERINGTON, S. L. LEE, WILSON BROTJGHER, GEO. W. MAPES, J. P. WOODBURY OFFICERS T. B. RICKEY, President C. T. BENDER, Second Vice-President J. T. DAVIS, Asst. Cashier and Secretary GEORGE H. MEYERS, First Vice-Prcsident G. W. RICHARDS, Cashier and Secretary E. D. VANDERLIETH, Second Asst. Cashier TONOPAH BRANCH GEORGE W. RICHARDS, Cashier, Agency, Tonopah G.W. COWING, Asst. Cashier, Agency, Tonopah SAFE DEPOSIT DEPARTMENT Does a general banking and trust company business. Eastern, local, and foreign exchange, stocks and bonds, bought and sold. Buys bullion on U. S. Mint assay. Acts as trustee of corporation mortgages, depositary under plans of reorganization, registrar and transfer agent. Assumes entire charge of real estate. Acts as executor, administrator, trustee, assignee, and receiver. Financial agent for individuals or corporations . . . Carson City and Tonopah Nevada FOR SALE Stock Ranches in Central and Eastern Nevada G. F. TALBOT, CARSON CITY Thoroughbred Cotswold Rams Imported Blood and Sires Address as above or NOBLE & TALBOT LAMOILLE, ELKO COUNTY NEVADA Hibbard, McPhail & Stewart's Deer Park lots are 27 feet higher than the Roundhouse, and face electric cars. Nuff ' ced ALL PRICES INSTALMENTS Depot tract lots adjoin the Railroad Shops' tract Lots, $100 up SEE HIBBARD & McPHAIL 3 i East Second Street RENO OR SPARKS NEVADA G. H. TAYLOR, President J. E. HENRY, Vice-President C. GULLING, Sec. & Mgr. WASHOE Co. BANK, Treas. Reno Mill & Lumber Co. BUILDING MATERIAL OF ALL KINDS White Pine Lumber RENO, NEVADA Saw Mill in Plumas County, Cal. Planing Mill and Factory at Reno, Nevada TIMBER LAND GULF BAG COMPANY BRANCH OF BEMIS BRO. BAG CO. fi\ Telephone Bush 5 Cable Address: Gulf San Francisco 709 & 7 1 1 Front Street Importers and Manufacturers of BAGS OF ALL KINDS Bags for Flour, Grain, Ore, Wool, Plaster Burlap by the piece or bale. Twines SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. RENO BREWING CO.'S Sierra Lager Bottled at the Brewery Made from the Best Malt and Choicest Hops excelled for Purity Strength and Health in Every Glass Home Industry Union Made * New Brewing Co., Reno, Nevada GOLCONDA HOT SPRINGS AND HOTEL Located at Golconda, State of Nevada, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. Special for cases of Indigestion, Dys- pepsia, Gout, Rheumatism, and all Blood Diseases. Famous the world over. Correspond with LOUIS DUTERTRE, Proprietor, and get full particulars. Mention your special trouble and receive specific directions. The Most Celebrated Medicinal Springs in Nevada Hot, Cold, Shower, Vapor and Mud Baths THE health-giving waters apply themselves with amazing reme- dial energy to a long list of hu- man ills, chronic 'skin eruptions result- ing from diseased blood, liver, kidney and bowel complaints, dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism and even lung troubles be- ing among the ailments often cured and always improved. Board and Baths, $2.00 per day, or $12.50 per Week Genoa, - - Nevada WALLEY HOT SPBINGS JAMES L. CAMPBELL, Proprietor AN ELEGANT HOTEL AND SANITARIUM BUILDING. FORTY AIRY ROOMS. ^. LOW PRICES, EXCELLENT ACCOMMODATIONS