EXCAVATIONS 
 
 AND 
 
 EMBANKMENTS 
 
LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 "Received 
 Accessions No. 5"O7ro^. Class No. 
 
 JAN 16 1893 
 
MR. TRAUTWINE'S ENGINEERING WORKS. 
 
 The Field Practice of Laying out Circular Curves for 
 Railroads. By JOHN C. TRAUTWINE, Civil Engineer. Thirteenth 
 edition, revised, 12mo. morocco, gilt edge, $2 50 
 
 A Method of Calculating the Cubic Contents of Exca- 
 vations and Embankments. By JOHN C. TRAUTWINE, Civil 
 Engineer. 10 copper plates. Ninth edition, revised and enlarged, 
 8vo. cloth, 2 00 
 
 Civil Engineer's Pocket Book of Mensuration, Trigo- 
 nometry, Surveying, Hydraulics, Hydrostatics, Instruments and 
 their adjustments, Strength of Materials, Masonry, Principles of 
 Wooden and Iron Hoof and Bridge Trusses, Stone Bridges and 
 Culverts, Trestles, Pillars, Suspension Bridges, Dams, Railroads, 
 Turnouts, Turning Platforms, Water Stations, Cost of Earthwork, 
 Foundations, Retaining Walls, etc., etc., etc. In addition to which 
 the elucidation of certain important Principles of Construction is 
 made in a more simple manner than heretofore. By JOHN C. 
 TRAUTWINE, C. E. 12mo. 832 pages, copiously illustrated. Mo 
 rocco, flap, gilt edge. Eleventh edition, twenty-seventh thousand, 
 revised, 5 00 
 
 Any of the above books will be sent to any part of the United States 
 or Canada, on receipt of list price. Liberal inducement to Agents. 
 
 Send money in Registered Letter, P. Order, or Check. 
 JOHN WILEY & SONS, 
 
 SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS, 
 
 No. 15 ASTOR PLACE, NEW YORK CITY. 
 
A. METHOD 
 
 OF 
 
 CALCULATING THE CUBIC CONTENTS 
 
 OF 
 
 EXCAVATIONS AND EMBANKMENTS, 
 
 BY THE AID OF DIAGRAMS. 
 
 TOOETHEE WITH 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR ESTIMATING THE COST OF EARTHWORK. 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN C. TRAUTWINE, 
 
 CIVIL ENGINEER. 
 
 NINTH EDITION. 
 
 REVISED AND ENLARGED 
 
 BY JOHN C. TRAUTWINE, JIL, C. E. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 OHN WILEY # SONS, 
 15 ASTOR PLACE. 
 
 1887. 
 
V 
 
 N* 
 
 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by 
 
 JOHN C. TRAUTWINE, 
 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
 
 Copyright by 
 JOHN C. TRAUTWINE, JB., 
 
 1887. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 rFHE graphic method here given for finding the depths of level 
 cross sections equivalent in area to given sections with sloping 
 ground surface, originated with the author many years since, and was 
 first published by him in 1851. 
 
 The diagrams are accompanied by tables of contents of level cut- 
 tings; and directions are given for calculating irregular sections. 
 The tables were prepared with the greatest care ; and have undergone 
 so thorough a revision as to leave scarcely a doubt of their entire 
 reliability. The remarks on the measurement of earth-work are 
 supplemented by a method for estimating its cost, in which the author 
 follows that proposed by the late Ellwood Morris, C. E., of Phila- 
 delphia, in the Journal of the Franklin Institute in 1841. 
 
 Remarks on the operation of steam excavators, and rules for estima- 
 ting the cost of moving earth by wheeled and drag scrapers and by 
 locomotive and cars, have been added. They are taken from the 
 later editions of the author's " Civil Engineer's Pocket-Book." 
 
 A new method of constructing tables of level cuttings, suggested 
 by Mr. John R. Hudson, C. E., has been incorporated in the present 
 work by his permission. 
 
 J. C. T., JR. 
 
 June, 1887. 
 
0? TH1 
 
 7BRSIT7 
 
 METHOD 
 
 OP 
 
 CALCULATING THE CUBIC CONTENTS 
 
 OP 
 
 EXCAVATIONS AND EMBANKMENTS. 
 
 THERE is but one correct principle upon which to calculate the 
 cubic contents of excavations and embankments; and that is, the 
 Prismoidal Formula, or Rule ; which is as follows : 
 
 Add together the areas of the two parallel ends of the prismoid, and 
 four times the area of a section half-way between and parallel to them ; 
 and multiply the sum by one-sixth of the length of the prismoid, measured 
 perpendicularly to its two parallel ends. 
 
 Since, in railroad measurements, the prismoids are generally 100 
 feet long, it becomes easier in practice to multiply the sum of the areas 
 in square feet, by 100, (by merely adding two ciphers,) and to divide 
 the product by 6 ; which amounts to the same thing as multiplying 
 their sum by th of 100 feet. 
 
 The very extended application of the prismoidal formula to other 
 solids than such as are commonly understood by the term " prismoids," 
 was first shown by Mr. Ellwood Morris, Civil Engineer, in a paper 
 published in the Journal of the Franklin Institute, in 1840. 
 
 It embraces all parallelepipeds, pyramids, prisms, cylinders, cones, 
 wedges, &c., whether regular or irregular, right or oblique ; together 
 with their frustums, when cut by planes parallel to their bases ; in a 
 word, any solid whatever, which has two parallel ends, connected together 
 by longitudinally unwarped surfaces, whether plane or curved. It also 
 applies to spheres, hemispheres, spheroids, paraboloids, &c. 
 
 6 
 
In the cylinder and cone, the sides may be considered as consisting 
 of an infinite number of infinitely narrow planes, unwarped longi- 
 tudinally. In railroad cuttings, it rarely happens that the surface 
 planes lying between two consecutive cross sections, 100 feet apart, 
 are absolutely unwarped ; yet, for practical purposes, they may very 
 frequently be assumed to be so. When much warped, the cross sec- 
 tions must be taken closer together than 100 feet. Upon a strict 
 attention to this precaution depends the accuracy of earthwork measure- 
 ments; the entire principle of which is embraced in the foregoing re- 
 marks. No practicable method is perfectly accurate. All we can do 
 in actual practice is, to take our stations at distances so near together 
 that the intermediate solid shall be very nearly a prismoid, and then 
 calculate it as if a true prismoid. 
 
 There are generally two circumstances under which it is necessary 
 to compute the cubic contents on a public work ; viz. : first, after a pre- 
 liminary survey of one or more trial lines; for the purpose of deter- 
 mining approximately their actual, or comparative costs ; and, second, 
 after the final adoption and staking out of the determined route, in 
 order to know more precisely the amount of work to be done. 
 
 The measurements for the latter are performed with more care, and 
 attention to detail, than those of the former, inasmuch as upon them 
 depend the payments to be made to the person who executes the work. 
 They, moreover, involve considerations which <3annot be attended to 
 during a preliminary survey, without incurring an expenditure of 
 time and labor, more than commensurate with the importance of the 
 result. 
 
 When the ground is level transversely of the line of survey, there 
 is no difficulty whatever in ascertaining the contents from a table of 
 level-cutting Sj previously calculated ; but when it is inclined or irregu- 
 lar transversely, more or less calculation is required. 
 
 The following method by diagrams will we trust, be found to facili- 
 tate the operations in the last-named cases. It dispenses with a great 
 deal of calculation ; and is, therefore, comparatively free from liability 
 to errors arising from that source. 
 
 METHOD OF USING THE DIAGRAMS. 
 
 The construction of the diagrams is extremely simple, notwith- 
 standing that, at first sight, they appear somewhat complex. They 
 are but few in number, since any particular road will generally require 
 but three or four, which may be prepared by one person in a few 
 days. Before proceeding to explain the manner of drawing them, 
 we will give one or two examples of their use, that the reader may 
 *<ee the object aimed at, and to what extent it is attained. 
 
Example 1. Suppose that with a roadway 28 feet wide, and with side- 
 slopes of 1J to 1, the cutting at a certain station is 20 feet deep on 
 centre line; and that the ground, instead of being level transversely, 
 inclines at an angle of 15 with the horizon. 
 
 Turn to the diagram, Plate IX., for a roadway 28 feet wide, with side- 
 slopes of 1 J to 1 : place a finger on the centre line, at the height of 
 20 feet, and run it along up the curved line which commences at that 
 point, until it strikes the inclined line marked 15. It. will be seen 
 at once that the two coincide at the height of 22*8 feet : and this is 
 the depth of the equivalent level cutting, which would have precisely the 
 same area as the section under consideration. 
 
 All such cases may therefore be instantly, and without any calcu- 
 lation whatever, reduced to others of equivalent level cuttings. 
 
 This constitutes the main feature of the principle involved in the 
 diagrams. 
 
 Had the depth been 20*3, or other decimal of a foot, the proceed- 
 ing would have been the same as with the 20 feet ; and the equivalent 
 level cutting would be found on the inclined line 15, at the distance 
 of *3 of a foot (estimated by eye) above the curved line 20. 
 
 Example 2. Using the same diagram ; let the depth of cutting be 
 2 feet, and the transverse slope of the ground 20. Here, placing a 
 finger on the centre line, at the height of 2 feet, and running it along 
 the curved line commencing at that point, it will be found that before 
 reaching the inclined line of 20, it encounters the dotted curved line 
 drawn near the bottom of the diagram. When this occurs, we know 
 that the ground-slope cuts the roadway, forming a cross section partly 
 in excavation and partly in embankment, as in fig. 9. 
 
 This is a most useful check ; for in such cases, the contents cannot 
 be obtained by means of the diagram*; but recourse must be had to a 
 figure of the section drawn for the purpose ; as must also be the case 
 when the ground is irregular transversely. A simple method of 
 proceeding, in all such cases, will be given further on. 
 
 On the page opposite each diagram, is a table of cubic yards for level 
 cuttings, and for lengths of 100 feet. By means of these tables, the 
 cubic contents may at once be taken out, when the equivalent level 
 cuttings at both ends of a station are equal, and the ground-slope 
 between them uniform : but if the equivalent level cuttings at the two 
 ends of the station are unequal, then the prismoidal rule must be 
 applied; thus, 
 
 Suppose the equivalent level cutting at one end to be 20 feet, and 
 at the other 25 feet, and the intervening ground-slope uniform. Then 
 the equivalent level cutting at a point half-way between them would 
 
 The equivalent centre height given by the diagram in such cases is that of a level cutting whose 
 area of cross section is equal to the difference between that of the embankment a e o a, fig. 9, and that 
 of the excavation a d b a. 
 
8 
 
 fe 22 J feet. Therefore, the cubic content will be equal to one-sixth 
 of the 8um of those corresponding to each of the two end depth* 
 and of four times that of the centre depth ; that is, 
 
 Cubic content by table 9, for 20 feet depth, = 4296 cubic yards, 
 
 " " " " 25 " = 6065 " " 
 
 Four times " 22J ) _ _ 4 
 
 or 4 times 5146 / 
 
 6)30945 
 Cubic yards contained in the station, = 5157*5 
 
 These tables are carried to depths or heights of 60 feet ; but in the 
 subsequent table No. 15, they are extended to 170 feet. As these 
 extended quantities will be but seldom referred to, they are calculated 
 only to whole feet ; but the amount corresponding to any fraction of 
 a foot may be found with sufficient accuracy for practice, by simple 
 proportion. 
 
 It will be perceived that, instead of the areas corresponding to the 
 different depths of cutting, or heights of filling, our tables give the 
 cubic yards corresponding to those areas, for lengths of 100 feet. For 
 the purposes of calculating cubic contents, these solidities may evi- 
 dently be used instead of the areas. Table 17 gives the cubic yards 
 in a prism 1 00 feet long and of any given area of cross section from 
 1 square foot to 1000 square feet. Its use will be shown further on. 
 
 For rough preliminary estimates of trial lines, the labor may be 
 much reduced by taking from the tables, the cubic content correspond- 
 ing to the average of the equivalent level cuttings at the two ends. 
 This mode is not mathematically correct, and should never be resorted 
 to for final estimates ; but it will be sufficiently approximate (always 
 a little deficient) for such cases as occur in ordinary cuttings and fill- 
 ings ; even if the depths or ground slopes at one end differ from those 
 at the other, provided the depths do not differ more than about 5 feet, 
 nor the ground slopes more than about 5, and provided said slopes 
 are in the same direction. 
 
 For instance, in the foregoing example, the correct contents of the 
 station 20 feet deep at one end, and 25 feet at the other, with the same 
 ground slope at each end, were found to be 5157*5 cubic yards; while, 
 by this approximating mode, the contents of an average level depth of 
 22 J feet, would be 5146 cubic yards ; or but 11 J yards less than the truth. 
 
 Or, for true prismoids, (or even otherwise within the above limits 
 of no greater differences than 5 feet in depth and 5 in slope at the 
 two ends of a 100 feet station, the slopes being in the same direction), we 
 may add together the tabular contents corresponding to the two equi- 
 valent level depths at the ends of the station, and divide their sum 
 by 2. The content thus found will not be as approximate, however, 
 as that by the first method ; but will be too great by precisely twice 
 
9 
 
 the quantity that the other is too small. Thus, in the foregoing 
 example, we should have for a true prismoid, 
 
 Depth. Cubic yards. 
 
 20 4296 
 
 25 6065 
 
 2)10361 
 
 5180 cubic yards = approx. content, 
 
 or 23 yards in excess of the true content, 5157J yards ; or twice the 
 deficiency (11J yards) of the preceding method. 
 
 These examples merely show that in railroad work, and within 
 limits of frequent occurrence, we may calculate the content of a true 
 prismoid by either of these approximate modes, with sufficient accu- 
 racy for rough preliminary, or comparative estimates. We have in 
 neither instance given the actual content of a solid whose transverse 
 slopes differ at its two ends. Said content would be farther from the 
 truth than in our examples ; where, by the first method, the error is 
 but 1 yard in about 450 ; and in the second, 1 in about 225 ; whereas 
 the average of a number of stations in which the slopes at the two 
 ends differ on an average 2J, and in no case more than 5, would 
 probably be in error by about 1 yard in 100 too little, by the first 
 method ; and 1 yard in 50 too much, by the second. 
 
 For final estimates, however, we should make our stations so short 
 that the ground surface of the included solid may be considered 
 unwarped longitudinally, and then use the prismoidal rule. 
 
 PRINCIPLE ON WHICH THE METHOD IS BASED, 
 To find the side* of a triangle of which only the area and the angles are given. 
 
 RULE. In any plane triangle, as the product of the sines of any two 
 of the angles, is to the sine of the remain- 
 ing angle, so is twice the area of the 
 triangle, to the square of the side lying 
 between the two angles first taken. 
 
 Demonstration. Let a d e be a triangle, 
 in which we have given, its area, and its 
 three angles : it is required to find any side, 
 as ae. 
 
 By trigonometry we have the two follow- 
 ing proportions : 
 Radius (1) :: dc : ad; also 
 
 Sine of d 
 the angle opp. a e 
 
 ad 
 
 ae. 
 
 Sine of a 
 
 Sine of e 
 
 the angle opp. a d 
 
 By multiplication of these two proportions, we have 
 Sine of a X Sine of e : Sine of d : : d c X a d : a e X a d; or, 
 
 2 
 
Fig. 2. 
 
 10 
 
 leaving out the factor a d t common to the last two terms, Sine of a X Sine 
 of e i Sine of d : : d c : a e. 
 
 But, as dc : ae :: dc X ae : ae 2 . 
 
 Again, dcXa e = twice the area of the triangle a de. 
 
 Hence we have : Sine of a X Sine of e : Sine of d : : 2 area : a e 2 . 
 Q. E. D., and the square root of ae 2 =ae, the required side. 
 
 Now, let n m c b, fig. 2, be the level cutting equivalent, or equal, to the 
 side-hill cutting nmed. From the 
 point of intersection at z, draw i a. 
 
 Then, if tu represent any other 
 side-hill cutting parallel to d e, we 
 have only to draw the horizontal line 
 x w, through s, in order to obtain the 
 equivalent level cutting nmw x* 
 
 The point required is to find / 1, 
 the distance to be laid off on the hori- 
 zontal line/c, in order to draw i a. 
 
 To do this, draw a sketch as b c 
 m n, fig. 2, either by scale or not, 
 showing a level cutting (or filling, 
 as the case may be) of any center 
 depth fo at pleasure, say 10, 20, or 
 30, &c., feet. To this sketch add the 
 triangle m n a. Calculate the area of b c m n ; also the height (a o) 
 and the area of the triangle m n a. Then on the sketch draw a line 
 d e, representing that ground-slope (5, or 10, &c.) for which the 
 distance fi is being sought; and crossing the center-line /o, as at r. 
 
 Then assume that the area d e m n is equal to the known area of 
 the level cutting bcmn; and that consequently the area of the tri- 
 angle d e a is equal to the known area of the triangle be a. 
 
 Next, from this area of the triangle d e a, find its side a e, as per 
 rule on page 9, thus : 
 
 ae : r a. 
 
 Then find r a, thus : 
 
 Sine of e r a . Sine of e 
 
 opp. given side a e. opp. req'd. side r a. 
 
 Then fa ra=rf. 
 
 Also, the angle e i c, representing the ground slope, is equal to the 
 angle fir; and considering / as a radius, and r/as a tangent to the 
 angle fi r, we have 
 
 Tang, of fi r, (or ground slope,) : Rad, or 1 : : rf : fi. 
 
 Then as af : fi : : 1 i fi when af is assumed as unity, in pre- 
 paring a working diagram, and as in the next table. 
 
 To save the trouble of calculating these distances / i, we have 
 extended the table, p. 11, to all side-slopes likely to occur in practice. 
 
 * The demonstration of this, on the principle of similar triangles, is so simple as not to require insertion. 
 
11 
 
 METHOD OP PREPARING THE DIAGRAMS. 
 
 We will now proceed to describe the mode of preparing the dia- 
 grams, for any width of roadway, and for any side-slope whatever. 
 
 Draw a vertical line a 6, fig. 3, of any given length at pleasure. (One 
 
 foot decimally divided; or 12J inches, 
 divided into ^ths of an inch, or 10 
 inches divided into y^ths of an inch, 
 will generally be found convenient.) 
 
 Call the length of this line unity, or 
 1. It represents the usual centre-line 
 of levels, or of cuttings and fillings. 
 
 From the upper end of this line draw 
 b c, at right angles to it; and from b 
 towards c, lay off and number the dis- 
 tances 65, 610, 615, &c., contained 
 in the following table; using as a scale 
 the length a 6, as 1 or unity, divided 
 into tenths and hundredths. 
 For example; if the side-slopes h e, gf> of the excavation or embank- 
 ment, are J to 1, lay off (without any regard to the width of roadway,) 
 the distances in the upper line of the table; if 1 to 1, those in the 3d 
 line, &c. This done, the scale of a b, as unity, will be of no further use. 
 Distances on b c, intermediate of those in the table, may be inserted 
 with sufficient accuracy by eye. 
 
 Table of Distances f i, Fig. 2 ; or b 5, fe 10, <fec., Fig. 3, to be laid off on the Horizontal Line 
 b c, Fig. 3; the Center- Line a b, Fig. 3, being assumed as Unity, or 1. 
 
 Side Slopes. 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 55 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 70 
 
 ^ to 1, 
 or 75 58' 
 
 005 
 
 Oil 
 
 014 
 
 017 
 
 022 
 
 026 
 
 032 
 
 038 
 
 046 
 
 057 
 
 073 
 
 099 
 
 Side Slopes. 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 53 
 
 55 
 
 I to 1, 
 
 or 63 26' 
 
 Oil 
 
 022 
 
 034 
 
 046 
 
 058 
 
 072 
 
 090 
 
 110 
 
 132 
 
 165 
 
 189 
 
 211 
 
 Side Slopes. 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 25" 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 33 
 
 36 
 
 39 
 
 to l, 
 or 45 
 
 044 
 
 089 
 
 136 
 
 167 
 
 188 
 
 222 
 
 247 
 
 288 
 
 318 
 
 369 
 
 431 
 
 510 
 
 Side Slopes. 
 Htn 1 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 25 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 or 39 40' 
 
 068 
 
 138 
 
 184 
 
 214 
 
 264 
 
 300 
 
 358 
 
 401 
 
 476 
 
 530 
 
 600 
 
 685 
 
 Side Slopes. 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 1^ to 1, 
 or 33 42' 
 
 097 
 
 158 
 
 201 
 
 267 
 
 314 
 
 390 
 
 445 
 
 506 
 
 574 
 
 652 
 
 696 
 
 747j 
 
 Side Slopes. 
 2 to 1 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 or 26 34' 
 
 106 
 
 175 
 
 295 
 
 363 
 
 447 
 
 533 
 
 629 
 
 739 
 
 798 
 
 865 
 
 936 
 
 1-017 
 
 Side Slopes, 
 gl to 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 or 21 48' 
 
 112 
 
 226 
 
 340 
 
 454 
 
 582 
 
 719 
 
 875 
 
 1-056 
 
 
 
 
 
 Side Slopes. 
 3 to 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 or 18 26' 
 
 160 
 
 322 
 
 486 
 
 660 
 
 858 
 
 1-080 
 
 1-349 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12 
 
 From the points 5, 10, 15, &c., on the line b c, (and from the 
 subdivisions of single degrees between them, as shown in the working 
 diagrams?) draw lines to a. From a upwards, set off, by any scale at 
 pleasure, (about Jth inch to a foot will be found convenient,) the dis- 
 tance a o, which is the height of the triangle efa, formed by the 
 prolongation of the side-slopes gf, and h e to a; ef representing 
 the width of the roadway, whatever it may be, on the same scale. 
 
 It is not necessary actually to draw h a, g a and e/, as we may set off 
 a o, by recollecting that if the side-slopes are 
 
 to 1, then a o will be 4 times o/ (the half width of roadway.) 
 | to 1, " " twice of. 
 
 1 tol, " " equal too/ 
 IJtol, " " -8ofo/ 
 Utol, " " ofo/ 
 
 2 tol, " " Jofo/. 
 2Jtol, " " '4 of of. 
 3" tol, " 
 
 Beginning at o, divide the vertical or centre line o 6, by the same scale 
 into feet; numbering them 1, 2, 3, &c., from o upwards; and from the 
 points of division 1, 2, 3, &c., draw horizontal lines parallel to 6 c, as 
 shown in fig. 3 
 
 From o as a centre, lay off with a protractor, the several angles of trans- 
 verse ground-slope as shown by the arc in fig. 3. Angles higher than 
 20 will seldom be required. 
 
 In fig. 3, the inclined lines, and also the angles on the arc, are, for 
 convenience, numbered only for every 5 ; but in a working diagram 
 they should be taken nearer together, for instance, every 2 to 3. 
 
 Lay a parallel ruler from o to 5 on the arc, and mark with a dot the 
 point of intersection on the inclined line a 5; then keeping the ruler in 
 the same position, move it upwards along o o, stopping at every division 
 of 1 foot, and making corresponding dots on the inclined line a 5, as in 
 fig. 3, continuing to such a height on the centre line as will include the 
 greatest cutting or filling to be calculated by the diagram. 
 
 Then lay the parallel ruler from o to 10 on the arc, and mark with a 
 dot, the point of intersection on the inclined line a 10; then keeping 
 the ruler in the same position, move it upwards along o o, stopping at 
 every division of 1 foot, making corresponding dots on the inclined line 
 a 10. 
 
 Then lay the parallel ruler from o to 15 on the arc, and proceeding 
 as before, make corresponding dots on the inclined line a 15, and so on 
 up to as high an angle as will equal the greatest transverse slope of the 
 ground which occurs on the work to be calculated by means of the dia- 
 grams. 
 
 Finally, connect the corresponding dots on the several inclined lines, 
 forming thereby a series of curved guide-lines, as in fig. 3 and in our 
 working diagrams. The diagram is now ready for use, for all cases of 
 
13 
 
 ground-slope which do not intersect the roadway, thereby forming 
 a section partly in excavation, and partly in embankment, as shown 
 in fig. 9. 
 
 In order that the diagram itself may inform us when this is the case, 
 the dotted curve shown near the bottom of the working diagrams is 
 added. It is prepared as follows : 
 
 From e or from /, fig. 4, where the side slope h e or g f intersects 
 the roadway e/, lay off*, toward the centre line a b and above ef, the 
 same angles (5, 10, 15, etc.) of transverse ground slope as were laid 
 off* from o in fig. 3; draw the lines e q, ej, e k, etc., and mark the 
 points q, j, &, etc., where they intersect the centre line a 6. Now, if a 
 cutting of 5 transverse ground slope has a less centre depth than o q, 
 its ground slope (parallel to and below e q) must evidently intersect 
 the roadway ef; as will also one of 10 ground slop>e with a less 
 centre depth than ej; and so on. Hence the radial line a 5 must 
 not be used for a cutting of less centre depth than o q; nor a 10 for 
 one of less centre depth than oj. We therefore mark radial line a 5 
 at the point q', where it would be cut by a curved guide-line q c start- 
 ing from q; radial line a 10 atj', where it would be cut by a curve 
 j d starting fromj; and so on. Join the marks q',j f > &', etc., so made, 
 thus forming the cautionary curve o, q',f, &', l f , etc. ; and the diagram 
 is finished.. 
 
 The working drawings which we have given, are on a very small 
 scale, for convenience of insertion in this volume; yet, although 
 the curved lines are drawn straight across several divisions of the 
 inclined lines, (generally five of them,) they will rarely be found, in 
 operating with them, to differ as much as ^th of a foot from the truth 
 in the depth of the equivalent level cutting. 
 
 They are adapted to single and double track embankments, 14 and 
 24 feet wide on top, and with side-slopes of 1 J to 1 ; and to single and 
 
14 
 
 double track excavations, 18 and 28 feet wide at bottom, with side- 
 slopes from 1 to 1, up to 2 to 1 ; gauge 4 feet 8 inches. 
 
 The widths for 4 feet 8J inches gauge will rarely differ more than 
 about 2 feet from those for which the diagrams have been prepared. 
 The most mistaken economist would hardly venture to make them 
 more than 2 feet less ; nor do we conceive that any great advantage 
 would attend making them more than about 2 feet greater, for a gauge 
 of 4 feet 8 J inches, with cars of the usual 9 J feet extreme width, from 
 out to out of cornice. 
 
 With cars of 11 feet extreme width, embankments should not be 
 less than 15 and 27 feet wide; nor cuts less than 19 and 31 feet. We 
 consider all the foregoing widths of embankment sufficient, but would 
 recommend an addition of 2 or 3 feet to all the cuts, except when in 
 rock, to allow for wider and deeper side-ditches than are usually made. 
 
 No diagrams accompany the tables of level cuttings for side-slopes 
 steeper than 1 to 1. With very steep side-slopes, such as J to 1, which 
 is used only for rock, the traverse inclination of the ground rarely 
 affects the quantity of material to an important extent. Still, on every 
 work on which much rock-cutting occurs, a diagram should be pre- 
 pared for the purpose. 
 
 The diagrams and tables given in this volume may be used for any 
 greater or less widths of roadbed than those to which they are especially 
 adapted. In other words, it is not at all necessary to prepare new 
 ones for every width of roadway. 
 
 Suppose, for instance, we wish to use diagram, Plate 1, for an 
 embankment, m n h q, fig. 4J, having side- 
 slopes of 1J to 1, as in the diagram; but m . 
 with a roadbed m n 16 feet in width, instead .s~ 
 
 of e/(14 feet), for which latter width the h 
 
 diagram was prepared. 
 
 Find the vertical distance a , between the 14 feet roadbed ef, and 
 the 16 feet one m n, and add it mentally to each height o s, of the level 
 section m n h q, as found by the diagram when taking out from the 
 table the number of cubic yards. By this means obtain the contents 
 of the embankment efhq. Next, from these contents so obtained 
 for the entire length of the embankment, subtract that corresponding 
 to the depth a s, taken from the same table and multiplied by the 
 number of stations of 100 feet comprised in the length of the embank- 
 ment, or excavation, as the case may be. As m n in this instance is 
 16 feet, and ef 14 feet, it follows that r m is lg ^ 4 1 ft.; and (the 
 slope being 1} horizontal to 1 vertical) a s (=e r) is ^^='6667 ft. In 
 such cases use mentally the nearest decimal of a foot in working with 
 the tables, inasmuch as they are calculated only for single decimals of 
 a foot. Thus, in this case add *7 of a foot to every height s t of the 
 embankment m n o p. 
 
15 
 
 A separate diagram is absolutely required therefore only for each 
 side-slope : and such a diagram may be used indifferently for either 
 excavation or embankment, provided the two have the same side- 
 slope, and for any width of base or roadway whatever. 
 
 Remark. In using a working diagram, however, for a width of 
 roadway different from that for which it was originally made, a new 
 dotted curved line corresponding to the new width must be first laid 
 down upon it, prepared by the directions given at fig. 4. This, how- 
 ever, can be done in a few minutes. 
 
 In preparing working diagrams, they should be made with reference 
 to the greatest depths of cut or fill that occur on the route. Ours 
 extend only to 60 feet, for convenience of insertion in this volume. 
 A scale of about J to J of an inch to a foot will be quite sufficient. 
 
 IEEEGULAE SECTIONS. 
 
 Fig. 5 illustrates the construction of Trautwine's Cross-section Sheet,* 
 upon which irregular cross sections may be drawn, and thus, by in- 
 spection, be reduced to equivalent level or sloping sections, and the 
 latter may then be reduced to equivalent level sections by means of 
 diagrams similar to Plates I to X of this work. 
 
 TOO ^0 80. TO ^60 l50\ 40 9) 20* 
 
 1 10 
 
 10 
 
 /20 99 40 50 60/70 
 
 ,80 
 
 90x 
 
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 MD 
 
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 T 
 
 
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 \ *^ 
 
 mil 
 
 H|| 
 
 ^_ 
 
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 3 
 
 
 
 
 
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 ILSS 
 
 
 
 
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 -10 
 
 e - -< 
 
 
 
 
 
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 -50 
 
 
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 0- 
 
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 1 
 
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 50- 
 
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 -S > 
 
 --y 
 
 h-oj 
 
 10^44 
 
 -y- 
 
 
 
 
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 vv 
 
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 y A N 
 
 
 
 
 '/ 
 
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 1 1 
 
 
 i ', 
 
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 jfl) 
 
 
 r J 
 
 
 
 
 S ' 
 
 
 
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 or\_ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 / 
 
 _j 2fl 
 
 
 H3 j 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 V 
 
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 / 
 
 ^ / 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 J_ T 
 
 T 
 
 AH 
 
 i l 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 z 
 
 
 
 / 
 
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 b^ gQ 
 
 J? ^ 
 
 y r" V" 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 -^ - 
 
 40^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 B j^- 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 f' 
 
 / 
 
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 S" 
 
 
 -t-T- 
 
 p 40 
 
 50^- 
 
 ^ C" 
 
 ^ 
 
 T# 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 "T 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 i 
 
 
 
 
 -2- 
 
 -50 
 
 x *" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 *** 
 
 100/90 80T 70/60 
 NT 
 
 y/ 40 
 
 30 .20^ 10 Q 10 \20 C 
 
 4 Fig. 5. X 
 
 il JQt\50 60N 70 80 90\100 
 
 V 
 
 The squares in fig. 5 represent squares of half an inch in the work- 
 ing sheet. On said sheet these are divided into smaller squares ^ 
 of an inch on a side, the scale being ^ of an inch to a foot. 
 
 The given cross-section is to be drawn lightly upon the printed 
 sheet, with the centre of the roadway at the centre o of the sheet, 
 
 * Published by John WUey <k Sons, New York, price, 25 cts. per sheet ; 85.00 per quire. 
 
16 
 
 and with the roadway coinciding with the horizontal line ef. The 
 width of roadway is laid off on ef, the squares ruled on the sheet serv- 
 ing as a scale of ^ of an inch to a foot. The side slopes are drawn 
 by means of the slope lines printed around the edge of the diagram. 
 Thus, if the side slopes are 2 to 1, lay a parallel ruler from o to the 
 short line marked 2 to 1 near the right hand upper corner of the dia- 
 gram. (For greater correctness the ruler should be long enough to reach 
 at the same time to the corresponding line marked 2 to 1 at the lower 
 left hand corner of the sheet.) Then move the ruler, parallel with 
 itself, to the right until it cuts the right hand end of the line just laid 
 off to represent the roadway, and draw the right hand slope. 
 
 A similar operation, with the ruler reaching from the 2 to 1 line at 
 the left hand upper corner to that at the right hand lower one, and 
 moved from the centre toward the left, enables us to draw the left 
 hand slope. 
 
 The transverse ground slopes are to be laid off upon the cross sec- 
 tion sheet in the same way; using the protractor printed upon the 
 sheet, and always laying the parallel ruler first from the centre o to 
 the required degree on the protractor. 
 
 One sheet may be made to serve for the calculations of many stations, 
 oy merely drawing in the transverse ground-slopes, very lightly, with lead 
 pencil marks, which may be rubbed out as each station is finished. 
 
 It is advisable, however, in very irregular sections, to represent but 
 two consecutive ones on one sheet; and after having drawn them in ink, 
 and added the numbers of the sections or stations to which they belong, 
 as well as the cubic content comprised between them, to lay them aside 
 for future reference, in case of dispute with the contractor, after the work 
 is commenced. 
 
 The method we advise for reducing irregular cross-sections to equi- 
 valent regular ones, which may be calculated by means of the working 
 diagrams and tables of level cuttings, is as follows : 
 
 CASE 1. When the ground slopes differently from the centre each way, 
 as e d, e a, in Jigs. 6 and 7. 
 
 Fig. 6. 
 
 Fig. 7. 
 
 On the prepared paper, fig. 5, from the centre-height or depth e, figs. 
 6 and 7, and by means of the parallel ruler, and the degrees marked on 
 the sheet, fig. 5, draw the two slopes e d, e a, figs. 6 and 7; the inclina- 
 
17 
 
 tions of which are taken from the field slope-book. Draw ef, parallel to 
 a d, and join af. Then is a b coequal to a b c d e, figs. 6 and 7. 
 
 PROOF. The two triangles a d f, a d e y being on the same base 
 a d, and between the same parallels a d and ef, are equal to each other. 
 Leaving out from each, the triangle a d o, which is common to both, we 
 have the triangle d fo, equal to the triangle ae o; and consequently a b cf 
 is equal to a b c d e. 
 
 Find by means of the parallel ruler and degrees marked on the paper, 
 the slope of a f; and with that slope, and the new centre-depth m n, 
 (which is had from the figure by inspection,) use the proper diagram for 
 finding the equivalent level-cutting; and take out the cubic yards fronc 
 the table. 
 
 CASE 2. When the ground is very irregular transversely , as in Jig. 8. 
 
 Having drawn the figure on the prepared paper, find by trial with a 
 
 piece of thread, the line a d, which 
 equalizes, as nearly as can be judged by 
 eye, the irregularities above and below 
 it. By means of the parallel ruler, and 
 the degrees on the paper, find the slope 
 of a d; and with that slope, and the new 
 centre-depth m n, (which is had from the 
 figure by inspection,) use the proper dia- 
 gram for finding the equivalent level-cutting; and take out the cubic yards 
 from the table. 
 
 CASE 3. When the ground-slope intersects the roadway, as in Jig. 9. 
 
 Such cases are always detected by the dotted curve line in the working 
 diagrams. 
 
 Having drawn the figure on the prepared paper, measure the two bases 
 
 a b and a o; and also the two 
 perpendiculars to them, c d and 
 
 Fig. 8. 
 
 Fig. 9. 
 
 Multiply a b by c c?, and half 
 the product is the area of the tri- 
 angle of excavation a b d. If the 
 triangle of excavation at the other 
 end of the 100 feet station has the 
 
 same area, the number of cubic yards corresponding to this area for a 
 
 length of 100 feet will be taken from table 17. 
 
 Also multiply a o by ef, and halfihe product will be the area of the 
 triangle of embankment a o e. If the triangle of embankment at the other 
 end of the 100 feet station has the same area, the corresponding number 
 of cubic yards will be taken from table 17. 
 
 But if the triangles of excavation, (or those of embankment,) at the two 
 ends, are not of the same area, the prismoidal rule must be employed, as 
 m the case of trapezoidal cross sections of unequal areas. 
 
18 
 
 That is, we must add together the contents corresponding to the two 
 end triangles, and 4 times that corresponding to the triangle half way 
 between them, and divide the sum by 6, for the true content. 
 
 The base of the centre triangle of excavation, will be the average be- 
 tween the two bases a 6, fig. 9, at the ends; and its perpendicular, the 
 average between the two perpendiculars c d 3 at the ends. 
 
 In like manner, the base and perpendicular of the centre triangle of 
 embankment, will be averages of the two end bases a 0, and of the two 
 end perpendiculars ef. 
 
 If from irregularities in the ground, in the direction of the line of the 
 road, it should become necessary to take cross-sections nearer together 
 than 100 feet, only the same proportional parts of the cubic yards must 
 be taken from the tables; and on this account, it is better always, when 
 possible, to subdivide the 100 feet station-distances into such parts as 
 will furnish numbers easy to divide by; thus, if the station be divided 
 into 10, 20, 25, or 50 feet distances, they will furnish respectively the 
 numbers 10, 5, 4, or 2, by which to divide the cubic yards in the tables, 
 all of which are calculated for 100 feet distances. 
 
 TO FIND THE DISTANCES OF THE SIDE-STAKES FROM THE CENTRE- 
 
 STAKE. 
 
 For this purpose the circular arcs shown in fig. 5 are printed upon 
 the cross-section sheet. Lay a parallel ruler from the point representing 
 the centre stake to that representing the side-stake, and move it, parallel 
 to itself, until it touches the point O. Note the point where the ruler 
 now cuts the vertical line on which the side stake is drawn. The 
 distance of this point from O is given by the circular arcs, and is equal 
 to the distance between the centre and side-stakes as measured along 
 the sloping ground surface. If a scale is at hand this distance can of 
 course be measured directly with less trouble. The horizontal distance 
 between the two stakes is given at once by the ruled lines on the sheet. 
 
 This method, however, is applicable only when the ground-slopes 
 are regular, and have been taken with great care. The following 
 method by the level is altogether preferable for general purposes. 
 
 It is generally best to note the horizontal side distances ; because 
 if a side-stake is accidentally lost after the excavation has been com- 
 menced, it is then only necessary to find the centre line of the work, 
 in order to replace it; whereas when the inclined side-distance are 
 used, it becomes necessary to find not only the position of the vertical 
 centre line, but also the original height of the centre stake, to measure 
 from. 
 
19 
 
 USIML METHOD OF FINDING SIDE-DEPTHS, AND PLACING SIDE- 
 
 STAKES. 
 
 1st. For an Excavation. 
 
 The level is placed conveniently for sighting from the same position 
 upon/ c, and d, figs. 11 and 12. 
 
 Fig. 11. Fig. 12. 
 
 A sight/o, is then taken on the target-rod held at/; this sight/o, being 
 added to the centre-depth/e, gives the height e o, of the instrument above 
 a b', or the height of the horizontal plane, (represented by h p,) 
 through which the line of sight passes as the telescope of the level in 
 swept round on the axis of the instrument. 
 
 The height of d above/ is then estimated by eye, say at 2 feet; this 2 
 feet, added to/ e, gives the approximate height of d b. Assuming the 
 approximate height d b as the correct one, we find what would be the 
 horizontal distance from the centre to d, either by calculation, or from a 
 previously prepared table of horizontal distances. Measure off* that dis- 
 tance horizontally towards d, and placing the target 2 feet lower on the 
 target rod, hold it at the end of the measured distance. A sight is then 
 taken with the level, and if it strikes the centre of the target, it proves 
 that the assumed height of d, and the corresponding horizontal distance 
 from the centre of the roadway, were correct; and that the proper spot is 
 found for placing the side-stake d. 
 
 It seldom happens that such a coincidence is found at the first trial; at 
 least two trials are generally required; and frequently three, or even four 
 when the ground is extremely irregular. 
 
 A very close approximation, however, can always be made by an ex- 
 perienced leveller after the first trial. An error of an inch or two in the 
 position of a side-stake is a matter of no practical importance whatever. 
 
 The same operation is performed at c, except that as c is lower than / 
 the target is raised on the rod, as far above the sight taken at/ as c i. 
 estimated to be below / 
 
 2d. For an Embankment. 
 
 When putting in side-stakes for an embankment, fig. 13, the sight taken 
 on the rod at the centre-stake, is subtracted from the centre-height of the 
 embankment, in order to obtain the depth of the instrument below the 
 roadway; and the outer sights, c a, d a, are to be added to this depth, 
 s t, for the side-depths; except when, as in fig. 14, the sight r y, on the 
 rod at the centre-stake, is greater than t/ie height r x of the embankment, 
 in which case the difference x y, between the two, will be the height of 
 the instrument above the roadway; and this difference, x y, must then be 
 
20 
 
 subtracted from the sights a c, a d, for the side-depths, o c, o d; all of 
 which is apparent from the figures. 
 
 Fig. 13. Fig. 14. 
 
 It is plain that if the heighten the target rod at d, fig. 11, be subtract- 
 ed from e o, the remainder will be d b; and that taken at c, subtracted 
 from e o, will give c a. 
 
 These operations give us therefore, at the same time, the heights d b, 
 and c a; and also the horizontal distances from the centre to each side- 
 stake. All these are at once entered into the proper field-book, to be 
 used in estimating the areas and cubic contents in the office. 
 
 The sum of the two horizontal distances manifestly gives the 
 extreme width of the excavation or embankment. 
 
 Transverse ground-slopes are obtained in the field, by means of a 
 small slope-level, or clinometw, placed upon a rod, 10 or 12 feet long; 
 which, at every station, is laid upon the ground as nearly at right 
 angles to the line of survey, as can be judged by eye. These slope- 
 levels are sold by most instrument-makers. If they were graduated 
 to give the slope in feet per 100 feet, they would be much more 
 convenient. 
 
 When the ground is regular transversely ,-Jbut one slope need be 
 taken ; at other times, one or more may be required from the centre- 
 stake each way. The slopes for estimating the final adopted line, need 
 not extend beyond the widths actually occupied by the cuttings and 
 fillings ; while those taken in preliminary surveys should comprise a 
 considerable width, as they are, moreover, used in the office for 
 changing the position of the surveyed line, in order to avoid excava- 
 tion and embankment. 
 
 In the following tables of level-cuttings, the left-band vertical 
 column contains the height or depth of the embankment or excavation, 
 in feet; and the upper horizontal column, the intermediate tenths of 
 a foot. Thus, in table 1, the cubic yards in a station 100 feet long and 
 10 feet deep, are 1074; for lO'l deep, 1090; for 10-2 deep, 1107, &c. 
 
 FOR THE AREA OF A THREE-LEVEL CROSS-SECTION. 
 cmn df c, figs. 11 and 12. 
 
 . abxfe mn(ac 
 Area = -- + ^_ 
 
21 
 
 SHRINKAGE OF EMBANKMENT. 
 
 Although earth, when first dug, and loosely thrown out, swells about 
 part, so that a cubic yard in place averages about 1 or 1.2 cubic 
 yards when dug; or 1 cubic yard dug is equal to , or to .8333 of a 
 cubic yard in place; yet when made into embankment it gradually 
 subsides, settles, or shrinks, into a less bulk than it occupied before 
 being dug. 
 
 The following are approximate averages of the shrinkage; or, in 
 other words, the earth measured in place in a cut, will, when made 
 into embankment, occupy a bulk less than before by about the follow- 
 ing proportions: 
 
 Gravel or sand about 8 per ct; or 1 in 12J less. 
 
 Clay " 10 per ct; or 1 in 10 less. 
 
 Loam " 12perct; or 1 in 8i less. 
 
 Loose vegetable surface soil " 15 per ct; or 1 in 6 less. 
 
 Puddled clay " 25 per ct; or 1 in 4 less. 
 
 The writer thinks, from some trials of his own, that 1 cubic yard of 
 any hard rock in place, will make from If to If cubic yards of em- 
 bankment; say on an average 1.7 cubic yards. Or that 1 cubic yard 
 of rock embankment requires .5882 of a cubic yard in place. He 
 found that a solid cubic yard when broken into fragments, made about 
 as follows : 
 
 
 
 Of which there were 
 
 
 CTBIC 
 
 
 
 YDS. 
 
 SOLID. 
 
 VOIDS. 
 
 In loose heap.... 
 
 1.9 
 
 52.6 per cent. 
 
 47.4 per cent. 
 
 Carelessly piled 
 
 -...1.75 
 
 57 
 
 43 " 
 
 Carefully piled.. 
 
 1.6 
 
 63 
 
 57 
 
22 
 
 TABLE 1. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 Roadway 14 feet wide, side-slopes l to 1. 
 
 H'ght 
 in ft. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds> 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yd 
 
 cu. yds.|ca. yds. 
 
 
 
 
 5-24 
 
 10- 
 
 16- 
 
 2H 
 
 27- 
 
 33-1 39- 
 
 45-( 
 
 51 -2 
 
 1 
 
 57-4 
 
 63- 
 
 70- 
 
 76- 
 
 83-f 
 
 90-, 
 
 97- 
 
 104- 
 
 11 K 
 
 118-6 
 
 2 
 
 125- 
 
 133-4 
 
 141-0 
 
 148- 
 
 156-4 
 
 164-4 
 
 172- 
 
 180 
 
 188-' 
 
 197-1 
 
 3 
 
 205-6 
 
 214- 
 
 222-8 
 
 231- 
 
 240-f 
 
 249v 
 
 258. 
 
 267- 
 
 277-C 
 
 286-7 
 
 4 
 
 296-2 
 
 306-0 
 
 315-8 
 
 325- 
 
 335-7 
 
 345.8 
 
 356- 
 
 366-4 
 
 376- 
 
 387-5 
 
 5 
 
 398-1 
 
 408-9 
 
 419-9 
 
 430- 
 
 442-C 
 
 453-S 
 
 464- 
 
 476- 
 
 487-6 
 
 499-3 
 
 6 
 
 511-1 
 
 523-0 
 
 535-0 
 
 547-2 
 
 559-4 
 
 571-8 
 
 584- 
 
 596-8 
 
 609-5 
 
 622-3 
 
 7 
 
 635-2 
 
 648-2 
 
 661-3 
 
 674- 
 
 687-9 
 
 701-4 
 
 714- 
 
 728- 
 
 742-4 
 
 756.3 
 
 8 
 
 770-3 
 
 784-5 
 
 798-7 
 
 813- 
 
 827-5 
 
 842-1 
 
 856-8 
 
 871-6 
 
 886-5 
 
 901-5J 
 
 9 
 
 916-7 
 
 931-9 
 
 947-3 
 
 962-7 
 
 978-3 
 
 994-C 
 
 1010 
 
 1026 
 
 1042 
 
 1058 
 
 10 
 
 1074 
 
 1090 
 
 1107 
 
 1123 
 
 1140 
 
 1157 
 
 1174 
 
 1191 
 
 1208 
 
 1225 
 
 11 
 
 1243 
 
 1260 
 
 1278 
 
 1295 
 
 1313 
 
 1331 
 
 1349 
 
 1367 
 
 1385 
 
 1404 
 
 12 
 
 1422 
 
 1441 
 
 1459 
 
 1478 
 
 1497 
 
 1516 
 
 1535 
 
 1554 
 
 1574 
 
 1593 
 
 13 
 
 1613 
 
 1633 
 
 1652 
 
 1672 
 
 1692 
 
 1712 
 
 1733 
 
 1753 
 
 1773 
 
 1794 
 
 14 
 
 1815 
 
 1835 
 
 1856 
 
 1877 
 
 1898 
 
 1920 
 
 1941 
 
 1962 
 
 1984 
 
 2006 
 
 15 
 
 2028 
 
 2050 
 
 2072 
 
 2094 
 
 2116 
 
 2138 
 
 2161 
 
 2183 
 
 2206 
 
 2229 
 
 16 
 
 2252 
 
 2275 
 
 2298 
 
 2321 
 
 2344 
 
 2368 
 
 2391 
 
 2415 
 
 2439 
 
 2463 
 
 17 
 
 2487 
 
 2511 
 
 2535 
 
 2559 
 
 2584 
 
 2608 
 
 2633 
 
 2658 
 
 2683 
 
 2708 
 
 18 
 
 2733 
 
 2759 
 
 2784 
 
 2809 
 
 2835 
 
 2861 
 
 2886 
 
 2912 
 
 2938 
 
 2964 
 
 19 
 
 2991 
 
 3017 
 
 3044 
 
 3070 
 
 3097 
 
 3124 
 
 3151 
 
 3178 
 
 3205 
 
 3232 
 
 20 
 
 3259 
 
 3287 
 
 3314 
 
 3342 
 
 3370 
 
 3398 
 
 3426 
 
 3454 
 
 3482 
 
 3510 
 
 21 
 
 3539 
 
 3567 
 
 3596 
 
 3625 
 
 3654 
 
 3683 
 
 3712 
 
 3741 
 
 3771 
 
 3800 
 
 22 
 
 3830 
 
 3859 
 
 3889 
 
 3919 
 
 3949 
 
 3979 
 
 4009 
 
 4040 
 
 4070 
 
 4101 
 
 23 
 
 4132 
 
 4162 
 
 4193 
 
 4224 
 
 4255 
 
 4287 
 
 4318 
 
 4349 
 
 4381 
 
 4413 
 
 24 
 
 4444 
 
 4476 
 
 4508 
 
 4541 
 
 4573 
 
 4605 
 
 4638 
 
 4670 
 
 4703 
 
 4736 
 
 25 
 
 4769 
 
 4802 
 
 4835 
 
 4868 
 
 490l' 
 
 4935 
 
 4968 
 
 5002 
 
 5036 
 
 5070 
 
 26 
 
 5104 
 
 5138 
 
 5172 
 
 5206 
 
 5241 
 
 5275 
 
 5310 
 
 5345 
 
 5980 
 
 5415 
 
 27 
 
 5450 
 
 5485 
 
 5521 
 
 5556 
 
 5592 
 
 5627 
 
 5663 
 
 5699 
 
 5735 
 
 5771 
 
 28 
 
 5807 
 
 5844 
 
 5880 
 
 5917 
 
 5953 
 
 5990 
 
 6027 
 
 6064 
 
 6101 
 
 6139 
 
 29 
 
 6176 
 
 6213 
 
 6251 
 
 6289 
 
 6326 
 
 6364 
 
 6402 
 
 6440 
 
 6479 
 
 6517 
 
 30 
 
 6556 
 
 6594 
 
 6633 
 
 6672 
 
 6711 
 
 6750 
 
 6789 
 
 6828 
 
 6867 
 
 6907 
 
 31 
 
 6946 
 
 6986 
 
 7026 
 
 7066 
 
 7106 
 
 7146 
 
 7186 
 
 7226 
 
 7267 
 
 7307 
 
 .32 
 
 7348 
 
 7389 
 
 7430 
 
 7471 
 
 7512 
 
 7553 
 
 7595 
 
 7636 
 
 7678 
 
 7719 
 
 33 
 
 7761 
 
 7803 
 
 7845 
 
 7887 
 
 7929 
 
 7972 
 
 8014 
 
 8057 
 
 8099 
 
 8142 
 
 34 
 
 8185 
 
 8228 
 
 8271 
 
 8315 
 
 8358 
 
 8401 
 
 8445 
 
 8489 
 
 8532 
 
 8576 
 
 35 
 
 8620 
 
 8664 
 
 8709 
 
 8753 
 
 8798 
 
 8842 
 
 8887 
 
 8932 
 
 8976 
 
 9022 
 
 36 
 
 9067 
 
 9112 
 
 9157 
 
 9203 
 
 9248 
 
 9294 
 
 9340 
 
 9386 
 
 9432 
 
 9478 
 
 37 
 
 9524 
 
 9570 
 
 9617 
 
 9663 
 
 9710 
 
 9757 
 
 9804 
 
 9851 
 
 9898 
 
 9945 
 
 38 
 
 9993 
 
 10040 
 
 0088 
 
 0135 
 
 0183 
 
 10231 
 
 10279 
 
 0327 
 
 0375 
 
 10424 
 
 39 
 
 0472 
 
 10521 
 
 0569 
 
 0618 
 
 0667 
 
 10716 
 
 10765 
 
 0815 
 
 0864 
 
 10913 
 
 40 
 
 0963 
 
 11013 
 
 1062 
 
 1112 
 
 1162 
 
 11212 
 
 11263 
 
 1313 
 
 1364 
 
 11414 
 
 41 
 
 1465 
 
 11516 
 
 1567 
 
 1618 
 
 1669 
 
 11720 
 
 11771 
 
 1823 
 
 1874 
 
 11926 
 
 42 
 
 1978 
 
 12029 
 
 2081 
 
 2134 
 
 2186 
 
 12238 
 
 12291 
 
 2343 
 
 2396 
 
 12449 
 
 43 
 
 12502 
 
 12555 
 
 2608 
 
 2661 
 
 2715 
 
 12768 
 
 12822 
 
 2875 
 
 2929 
 
 12983 
 
 44 
 
 13037 
 
 13091 
 
 3145 
 
 3200 
 
 3254 
 
 13309 
 
 13363 
 
 3418 
 
 3473 
 
 13528 
 
 45 
 
 13583 
 
 13639 
 
 3694 
 
 3749 
 
 3805 
 
 13861 
 
 13916 
 
 3972 
 
 4028 
 
 14084 
 
 46 
 
 14141 
 
 14197 
 
 4254 
 
 4310 
 
 4367 
 
 14424 
 
 14480 
 
 4537 
 
 4595 
 
 14652 
 
 47 
 
 14709 
 
 14767 
 
 4824 
 
 4882 
 
 4940 
 
 14998 
 
 15056 
 
 5114 
 
 5172 
 
 15230 
 
 48 
 
 15289 
 
 15347 
 
 5406 
 
 5465 
 
 5524 
 
 15583 
 
 15642 
 
 5701 
 
 5761 
 
 15820 
 
 49 
 
 15880 
 
 15939 
 
 5999 
 
 6059 
 
 6119 
 
 16179 
 
 16239 
 
 6300 
 
 6360 
 
 16421 
 
 50 
 
 16481 
 
 16542 
 
 6603 
 
 6664 
 
 6725 
 
 16787 
 
 16848 
 
 6909 
 
 6971 
 
 17033 
 
 51 
 
 17094 
 
 17156 
 
 7218 
 
 7280 
 
 7343 
 
 17405 
 
 17467 
 
 7530 
 
 7593 
 
 17656 
 
 52 
 
 17719 
 
 17782 
 
 7845 
 
 7908 
 
 7971 
 
 18035 
 
 18098 
 
 8162 
 
 8226 
 
 18290 
 
 53 
 
 18354 
 
 18418 
 
 8482 
 
 8546 
 
 8611 
 
 18675 
 
 18740 
 
 8805 
 
 8870 
 
 18935 
 
 54 
 
 19000 
 
 19065 
 
 9131 
 
 9196 
 
 9262 
 
 19327 
 
 19393 
 
 9459 
 
 9525 
 
 L9591 
 
 55 
 
 19657 
 
 19724 
 
 9790 
 
 9857 
 
 9923 
 
 19990 
 
 20057 
 
 0124 
 
 0191 
 
 20259 
 
 56 
 
 20326 
 
 20393 
 
 0461 
 
 0529 
 
 0596 
 
 20664 
 
 20732 
 
 0800 
 
 0869 
 
 20937 
 
 57 
 
 21005 
 
 21074 
 
 1143 
 
 1212 
 
 1280 
 
 21349 
 
 21419 
 
 1488 
 
 155? 
 
 21627 
 
 58 
 
 21696 
 
 21766 
 
 1836 
 
 1906 
 
 1976 
 
 22046 
 
 22116 
 
 2186 
 
 2257 
 
 22327 
 
 59 
 
 22398 
 
 22469 
 
 2540 
 
 2611 
 
 2682 
 
 22753 
 
 22825 
 
 2896 
 
 2968 
 
 23039 
 
 ; eo 
 
 23111 
 
 23183 
 
 3255 
 
 3327 
 
 3399 
 
 23472 
 
 23544 
 
 3617 
 
 3689 
 
 23762 
 
 For continuation to 170 feet, see table 15. 
 
SIDE-SLOI'KS l-'iol. 
 UOADWAYII FT 
 
 /-'('/ Embankment, 
 
10 
 
 (JO 
 
 SLOPES iHol, 
 ROADWAY? I FT 
 
 AV Embankment. 
 
23 
 
 TABLE 2. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 
 Roadway 24 feet wide, side-slopes 1$ to 1. 
 
 H'ubt 
 
 in ft. 
 
 
 
 1 -2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 :u. yds. cu. yds. 
 
 :u. yds. 
 
 u. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 
 
 8-94 
 
 18-0 
 
 27-2 
 
 36-4 
 
 45-8 
 
 55-3 
 
 -64-9 
 
 74-7 
 
 84-5 
 
 1 
 
 91-4 104-5 
 
 114-7 
 
 124-9 
 
 135-3 
 
 145-8 
 
 156-4 
 
 167-2 
 
 178-0 
 
 188-9 
 
 2 200-0 211-2; 222-4 
 
 233-8 
 
 245-3 
 
 256-9 
 
 268-6 
 
 280-5 
 
 292-4 
 
 304-4 
 
 3 
 
 316-6 328-9 
 
 341-2 
 
 353-7 
 
 366-3 
 
 379-0 
 
 391-9 
 
 404-8 
 
 417-8 
 
 431-0 
 
 4 
 
 4-14-4- 457-8 
 
 471-3 
 
 484-9 
 
 498-6 
 
 512-4 
 
 526-4 
 
 540-4 
 
 554-6 
 
 568-8 
 
 5 
 
 533-3 597-8 
 
 6124 
 
 627-1 
 
 642-0 
 
 656-9 
 
 671-9 
 
 687-1 
 
 702.3 
 
 717-7 
 
 6 
 
 733-3 748-9 
 
 764-7 
 
 780-5 
 
 796-4 
 
 812-5 
 
 828-7 
 
 844-9 
 
 861-3 
 
 877-8 
 
 7 
 
 894-4 
 
 911-2 
 
 928-0 
 
 944-9 
 
 962-0 
 
 979-2 
 
 996-4 
 
 1014 
 
 1031 
 
 1049 
 
 8 
 
 1067 
 
 1085 
 
 1102 
 
 1121 
 
 1139 
 
 1157 
 
 1175 
 
 1194 
 
 1212 
 
 1231 
 
 9 
 
 1250 
 
 1269 
 
 1288 
 
 1307 
 
 1326 
 
 1346 
 
 1365 
 
 1385 
 
 1405 
 
 1425 
 
 10 
 
 1444 
 
 1465 
 
 1485 
 
 1505 
 
 1525 
 
 1546 
 
 1566 
 
 1587 
 
 1608 
 
 1629 
 
 11 
 
 1650 
 
 1671 
 
 1692 
 
 1714 
 
 1735 
 
 1757 
 
 1779 
 
 1800 
 
 1822 
 
 1845 
 
 12 
 
 1867 
 
 1889 
 
 1911 
 
 1934 
 
 1956 
 
 1979 
 
 2002 
 
 2025 
 
 2048 
 
 2071 
 
 13 
 
 2094 
 
 2118 
 
 2141 
 
 2165 
 
 2189 
 
 2213 
 
 2236 
 
 2261 
 
 2285 
 
 2309 
 
 14 
 
 2333 
 
 2358 
 
 2382 
 
 2407 
 
 2432 
 
 2457 
 
 2482 
 
 2507 
 
 2532 
 
 2558 
 
 15 
 
 2583 
 
 2609 
 
 2635 
 
 2661 
 
 2686 
 
 2713 
 
 2739 
 
 2765 
 
 2791 
 
 2818 
 
 16 
 
 2844 
 
 2871 
 
 2898 
 
 2925 
 
 2952 
 
 2979 
 
 3006 
 
 3034 
 
 3061 
 
 3089 
 
 17 
 
 3117 
 
 3145 
 
 3172 
 
 3201 
 
 3229 
 
 3257 
 
 3285 
 
 3314 
 
 3342 
 
 3371 
 
 18 
 
 3400 
 
 3429 
 
 3458 
 
 3487 
 
 3516 
 
 3546 
 
 3575 
 
 3605 
 
 3635 
 
 3665 
 
 19 
 
 3694 
 
 3725 
 
 3755 
 
 3785 
 
 3815 
 
 3846 
 
 3876 
 
 3907 
 
 3938 
 
 3969 
 
 20 
 
 4000 
 
 4031 
 
 4062 
 
 4094 
 
 4125 
 
 4157 
 
 4189 
 
 4221 
 
 4252 
 
 4285 
 
 21 
 
 4317 
 
 4349 
 
 4381 
 
 4414 
 
 4446 
 
 4479 
 
 4512 
 
 4545 
 
 4578 
 
 4611 
 
 22 
 
 4644 
 
 4678 
 
 4711 
 
 4745 
 
 4779 
 
 4813 
 
 4846 
 
 4881 
 
 4915 
 
 4949 
 
 23 
 
 4983 
 
 5018 
 
 5052 
 
 5087 
 
 5122 
 
 5157 
 
 5192 
 
 5227 
 
 5262 
 
 5298 
 
 24 
 
 5333 
 
 5369 
 
 5405 
 
 5441 
 
 5476 
 
 5513 
 
 5549 
 
 5585 
 
 5621 
 
 56 18 
 
 25 
 
 5694 
 
 5731 
 
 5768 
 
 5805 
 
 5842 
 
 5879 
 
 5916 
 
 5954 
 
 5991 
 
 6029 
 
 26 
 
 6067 
 
 6105 
 
 6142 
 
 6181 
 
 6219 
 
 6257 
 
 6295 
 
 6334 
 
 6372 
 
 6411 
 
 27 
 
 6450 
 
 6489 
 
 6528 
 
 6567 
 
 6606 
 
 6646 
 
 6685 
 
 6725 
 
 6765 
 
 6805 
 
 28 
 
 6844 
 
 6885 
 
 6925 
 
 6965 
 
 7005 
 
 7046 
 
 7086 
 
 7127 
 
 7168 
 
 7209 
 
 29 
 
 7250 
 
 7291 
 
 7332 
 
 7374 
 
 7415 
 
 7457 
 
 7499 
 
 7541 
 
 7582 
 
 7625 
 
 30 
 
 7667 
 
 7709 
 
 7751 
 
 7794 
 
 7836 
 
 7879 
 
 7922 
 
 7965 
 
 8008 
 
 , 8051 
 
 31 
 
 8094 
 
 8138 
 
 8181 
 
 8225 
 
 8269 
 
 8313 
 
 8356 
 
 8401 
 
 8445 
 
 8489 
 
 32 
 
 8533 
 
 8578 
 
 8622 
 
 8667 
 
 8712 
 
 8757 
 
 8802 
 
 8847 
 
 8892 
 
 8938 
 
 33 
 
 8983 
 
 9029 
 
 9075 
 
 9121 
 
 9166 
 
 9212 
 
 9259 
 
 9305 
 
 9351 
 
 9398 
 
 34 
 
 9444 
 
 9491 
 
 9538 
 
 9585 
 
 9632 
 
 9679 
 
 9726 
 
 9774 
 
 9821 
 
 9869 
 
 35 
 
 9917 
 
 9965 
 
 10012 
 
 10061 
 
 10109 
 
 10157 
 
 10205 
 
 10254 
 
 10302 
 
 10351 
 
 36 
 
 10400 
 
 10449 
 
 10498 
 
 10547 
 
 10596 
 
 10646 
 
 10695 
 
 10745 
 
 10795 
 
 10845 
 
 37 
 
 10894 
 
 10945 
 
 10995 
 
 11045 
 
 11095 
 
 11146 
 
 11196 
 
 11247 
 
 11298 
 
 11349 
 
 38 
 
 11400 
 
 11451 11502 
 
 11554 
 
 11605 
 
 11657 
 
 11709 
 
 11761 
 
 11812 
 
 11865 
 
 39 
 
 11917 
 
 11969 12021 
 
 12074 
 
 12126 
 
 12179 
 
 12232 
 
 12285 
 
 12338 
 
 12391 
 
 40 
 
 12444 
 
 12498 12551 
 
 12605 
 
 12659 
 
 12713 
 
 12766 
 
 12821 
 
 12875 
 
 12929 
 
 41 
 
 12983 
 
 13038 13092 
 
 13147 
 
 13202 
 
 13257 
 
 13312 
 
 13367 
 
 13422 
 
 13478 
 
 42 
 
 13533 
 
 13589 13645 
 
 13701 
 
 13756 
 
 13813 
 
 13869 
 
 13925 
 
 13981 
 
 14038 
 
 43 
 
 14094 
 
 14151 14203 
 
 14265 
 
 14322 
 
 14379 
 
 14436 
 
 14494 
 
 14551 
 
 14609 
 
 44 
 
 14667 
 
 14725 14782 
 
 14840 
 
 14899 
 
 14957 
 
 15015 
 
 15074 
 
 15132 
 
 15191 
 
 45 
 
 15250 
 
 15309 15368 
 
 15427 
 
 15486 
 
 15546 
 
 15605 
 
 15665 
 
 15725 
 
 15785 
 
 46 
 
 15844 
 
 15905 15965 
 
 16025 
 
 16085 
 
 16146 
 
 16206 
 
 16267 
 
 16328 
 
 16389 
 
 47 
 
 16450 
 
 16511 16572 
 
 16634 
 
 16695 
 
 16757 
 
 16819 
 
 16881 
 
 16942 
 
 17005 
 
 48 
 
 17067 
 
 17129 17191 
 
 17254 
 
 17316 
 
 17379 
 
 17442 
 
 17505 
 
 17568 
 
 17631 
 
 49 
 
 17694 
 
 17758 17821 
 
 17885 
 
 17949 
 
 18013 
 
 18076 
 
 18141 
 
 18205 
 
 18269 
 
 50 
 
 18333 
 
 18398 18462 
 
 18527 
 
 18592 
 
 18657 
 
 18722 
 
 18787 
 
 18852 
 
 1-8918 
 
 51 
 
 18983 
 
 19049 19115 
 
 19181 
 
 19246 
 
 19313 
 
 19379 
 
 19445 
 
 19511 
 
 19578 
 
 52 
 
 19644 
 
 19711 19778 
 
 19845 
 
 19912 
 
 19979 
 
 20046 
 
 20114 
 
 20181 120249 
 
 53 
 
 20317 
 
 20385 20452 
 
 20521 
 
 20589 
 
 20657 J20725 
 
 20794 
 
 20862 
 
 20931 
 
 54 
 
 21000 
 
 21069 21138 
 
 21207 
 
 21276 
 
 21346 21415 
 
 21485 
 
 21555 
 
 21625 
 
 55 
 
 21694 
 
 21765 21835 
 
 21905 
 
 21975 
 
 22046 122116 
 
 22187 
 
 22258 
 
 22329 
 
 56 
 
 22400 
 
 22471 22542 
 
 22614 
 
 22685 
 
 22757 122829 12290 1 
 
 22972 
 
 23045 
 
 57 
 
 23117 
 
 23189 23261 
 
 23334 
 
 23406 
 
 23479 '23552 23625 
 
 23698 
 
 23771 
 
 68 
 
 23844 
 
 23918 23991 
 
 24065 
 
 24139 
 
 24213 |24286 24361 
 
 24435 
 
 24509 
 
 59 
 
 24583 
 
 24658 24732 
 
 24807 
 
 24882 
 
 24957 J25032 J25107 
 
 25182 
 
 25258 
 
 60 
 
 25333 
 
 25409 25485 
 
 25561 
 
 25636 
 
 25713 (25789 25865 
 
 25941 
 
 26018 
 
 For continuation to 170 feet, see table 15. 
 
TABLE 3. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 Roadway 18 feet wide, side-slopes 1 to 1. 
 
 Uep h 
 in ft 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 . 9 
 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 ou. yds 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yd 
 
 cu. yd 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yd 
 
 cu. yd 
 
 cu. yd 
 
 cu. yds- 
 
 
 
 
 6-7^ 
 
 13-f 
 
 20- 
 
 27- 
 
 34- 
 
 41- 
 
 48 
 
 55 
 
 63-0 
 
 1 
 
 70.4 
 
 77-S 
 
 85-i 
 
 92- 
 
 100- 
 
 108- 
 
 116- 
 
 124 
 
 132 
 
 J40-0 
 
 2 
 
 148- 
 
 156-S 
 
 164-e 
 
 172- 
 
 181- 
 
 189- 
 
 198- 
 
 207 
 
 215- 
 
 224-5 
 
 3 
 
 233-3 
 
 242-2 
 
 25 K 
 
 260- 
 
 269- 
 
 278- 
 
 288- 
 
 297 
 
 306- 
 
 316-s 
 
 4 
 
 325-9 
 
 335-6 
 
 345-C 
 
 355- 
 
 365- 
 
 375-C 
 
 385- 
 
 395- 
 
 405- 
 
 415-6 
 
 5 
 
 425-9 
 
 436-3 
 
 446-8 
 
 457- 
 
 468- 
 
 478-7 
 
 489- 
 
 500. 
 
 511- 
 
 522-s 
 
 6 
 
 533-3 
 
 544-5 
 
 555-7 
 
 567- 
 
 578- 
 
 589-8 
 
 601- 
 
 612- 
 
 624- 
 
 636-p 
 
 7 
 
 648-1 
 
 680-0 
 
 672-C 
 
 684- 
 
 696- 
 
 708-3 
 
 720- 
 
 732- 
 
 745- 
 
 757-s 
 
 8 
 
 770-4 
 
 783-0 
 
 795.7 
 
 808- 
 
 821- 
 
 834-3 
 
 847- 
 
 860- 
 
 873- 
 
 886-7 
 
 9 
 
 900-0 
 
 913-4 
 
 926.fi 
 
 940-3 
 
 953-9 
 
 967-6 
 
 981- 
 
 995- 
 
 1009 
 
 1023 
 
 10 
 
 1037 
 
 1051 
 
 1065 
 
 1080 
 
 1094 
 
 1108 
 
 1123 
 
 1137 
 
 1152 
 
 1167 
 
 11 
 
 1181 
 
 1196 
 
 1211 
 
 1226 
 
 1241 
 
 1256 
 
 1272 
 
 1287 
 
 1302 
 
 1318 
 
 12 
 
 1333 
 
 1349 
 
 1365 
 
 1380 
 
 1396 
 
 1412 
 
 1428 
 
 1444 
 
 1460 
 
 1476 
 
 13 
 
 1493 
 
 1509 
 
 '1525 
 
 1542 
 
 1558 
 
 1575 
 
 1592 
 
 1608 
 
 1625 
 
 1642 
 
 14 
 
 1659 
 
 1676 
 
 1693 
 
 1711 
 
 1728 
 
 1745 
 
 1763 
 
 1780 
 
 1798 
 
 1816 
 
 15 
 
 1833 
 
 1851 
 
 1869 
 
 1887 
 
 1905 
 
 1923 
 
 1941 
 
 1960 
 
 1978 
 
 1996 
 
 16 
 
 2015 
 
 2033 
 
 2052 
 
 2071 
 
 2089 
 
 2108 
 
 2127 
 
 2146 
 
 2165 
 
 2184 
 
 17 
 
 2204 
 
 2223 
 
 2242 
 
 2262 
 
 2281 
 
 2301 
 
 2321 
 
 2340 
 
 2360 
 
 2380 
 
 18 
 
 2400 
 
 2420 
 
 2440 
 
 2460 
 
 2481 
 
 2501 
 
 2521 
 
 2542 
 
 2562 
 
 2583 
 
 19 
 
 2604 
 
 2624 
 
 2645 
 
 2666 
 
 2687 
 
 2708 
 
 2729 
 
 2751 
 
 2772 
 
 2793 
 
 20 
 
 2815 
 
 2836 
 
 2858 
 
 2880 
 
 2901 
 
 2923 
 
 2945 
 
 2967 
 
 2989 
 
 3011 
 
 21 
 
 3033 
 
 3056 
 
 3078 
 
 3100 
 
 3123 
 
 3145 
 
 3168 
 
 3191 
 
 3213 
 
 3236 
 
 22 
 
 3259 
 
 3282 
 
 3305 
 
 3328 
 
 3352 
 
 3375 
 
 3398 
 
 3422 
 
 3445 
 
 3469 
 
 23 
 
 3493 
 
 3516 
 
 3540 
 
 3564 
 
 3588 
 
 3612 
 
 3636 
 
 3660 
 
 3685 
 
 3709 
 
 24 
 
 3733 
 
 3758 
 
 3782 
 
 3807 
 
 3832 
 
 3856 
 
 3881 
 
 3906 
 
 3931 
 
 3956 
 
 25 
 
 3981 
 
 4007 
 
 4032 
 
 4057 
 
 4083 
 
 4108 
 
 4134 
 
 4160 
 
 4185 
 
 4211 
 
 26 
 
 4237 
 
 4263 
 
 4289 
 
 4315 
 
 4341 
 
 4368 
 
 4394 
 
 4420 
 
 4447 
 
 4473 
 
 27 
 
 4500 
 
 4527 
 
 4553 
 
 4580 
 
 4607 
 
 4634 
 
 4661 
 
 4688 
 
 4716 
 
 4743 
 
 28 
 
 4770 
 
 4798 
 
 4825 
 
 4853 
 
 4881 
 
 4908 
 
 4936 
 
 4964 
 
 4992 
 
 5020 
 
 29 
 
 5048 
 
 5076 
 
 5105 
 
 5133 
 
 5161 
 
 5190 
 
 5218 
 
 5247 
 
 5276 
 
 5304 
 
 30 
 
 5333 
 
 5362 
 
 5391 
 
 5420 
 
 5449 
 
 5479 
 
 5508 
 
 5537 
 
 5567 
 
 5596 
 
 31 
 
 5626 
 
 5656 
 
 5685 
 
 5715 
 
 5745 
 
 5775 
 
 5805 
 
 5835 
 
 5865 
 
 5896 
 
 32 
 
 5926 
 
 5956 
 
 5987 
 
 6017 
 
 6048 
 
 6079 
 
 6109 
 
 6140 
 
 6171 
 
 6202 
 
 33 
 
 6233 
 
 6264 
 
 6296 
 
 6327 
 
 6358 
 
 6390 
 
 6421 
 
 6453 
 
 6485 
 
 6516 
 
 34 
 
 6548 
 
 6580 
 
 6612 
 
 6644 
 
 6676 
 
 6708 
 
 6741 
 
 6773 
 
 6805 
 
 6838 
 
 35 
 
 6870 
 
 6903 
 
 6936 
 
 6968 
 
 7001 
 
 7034 
 
 7067 
 
 7100 
 
 7133 
 
 7167 
 
 36 
 
 7200 
 
 7233 
 
 7267 
 
 7300 
 
 7334 
 
 7368 
 
 7401 
 
 7435 
 
 7469 
 
 7503 
 
 37 
 
 7537 
 
 7571 
 
 7605 
 
 7640 
 
 7674 
 
 7708 
 
 7743 
 
 7777 
 
 7812 
 
 7847 
 
 38 
 
 7881 
 
 7916 
 
 7951 
 
 7986 
 
 8021 
 
 8056 
 
 8092 
 
 8127 
 
 8162 
 
 8198 
 
 39 
 
 8233 
 
 8269 
 
 8305 
 
 8340 
 
 8376 
 
 8412 
 
 8448 
 
 8484 
 
 8520 
 
 8556 
 
 40 
 
 8593 
 
 8629 
 
 8665 
 
 8702 
 
 8738 
 
 8775 
 
 8812 
 
 8848 
 
 8885 
 
 8922 
 
 41 
 
 8959 
 
 8996 
 
 9033 
 
 9071 
 
 9108 
 
 9145 
 
 9183 
 
 9220 
 
 9258 
 
 9296 
 
 42 
 
 9333 
 
 9371 
 
 9409 
 
 9447 
 
 9485 
 
 9523 
 
 9561 
 
 9600 
 
 9638 
 
 9676 
 
 43 
 
 9715 
 
 9753 
 
 9792 
 
 9831 
 
 9869 
 
 9908 
 
 9947 
 
 9986 
 
 0025 
 
 0064 
 
 44 
 
 0104 
 
 0143 
 
 0182 
 
 10222 
 
 0261 
 
 0301 
 
 0341 
 
 0380 
 
 0420 
 
 0460 
 
 45 
 
 0500 
 
 0540 
 
 0580 
 
 10620 
 
 0661 
 
 0701 
 
 10741 
 
 0782 
 
 0822 
 
 0863 
 
 46 
 
 0904 
 
 0944 
 
 0985 
 
 U026 
 
 1067 
 
 1108 
 
 11149 
 
 1191 
 
 1232 
 
 1273 
 
 47 
 
 1315 
 
 1356 
 
 1398 
 
 11440 
 
 1481 
 
 1523 
 
 11565 
 
 1607 
 
 1649 
 
 1691 
 
 48 
 
 1733 
 
 1776 
 
 1818 
 
 11860 
 
 1903 
 
 1945 
 
 11988 
 
 2031 
 
 2073 
 
 2116 
 
 49 
 
 2159 
 
 2202 
 
 2245 
 
 12288 
 
 2332 
 
 2375 
 
 L2418 
 
 2462 
 
 2505 
 
 2549 
 
 50 
 
 2593 
 
 2636 
 
 2680 
 
 12724 
 
 2768 
 
 2812 
 
 12856 
 
 2900 
 
 2945 
 
 2989 
 
 51 
 
 3033 
 
 3078 
 
 3122 
 
 13167 
 
 3212 
 
 3256 
 
 13301 
 
 3346 
 
 3391 
 
 3436 
 
 52 
 
 3481 
 
 3527 
 
 3572 
 
 13617 
 
 3663 
 
 3708 
 
 L3754 
 
 3800 
 
 3845 
 
 3891 
 
 53 
 
 3937 
 
 3983 
 
 4029 
 
 14075 
 
 4121 
 
 4168 
 
 14214 
 
 4260 
 
 4307 
 
 4353 
 
 54 
 
 4400 
 
 4447 
 
 4493 
 
 14540 
 
 4587 
 
 4634 
 
 14681 
 
 4728 
 
 4776 
 
 4823 
 
 55 
 
 4870 
 
 4919 
 
 4965 
 
 15013 
 
 5061 
 
 5108 
 
 15156 
 
 5204 
 
 5252 
 
 5300 
 
 5 
 
 5348 
 
 5396 
 
 5445 
 
 15493 
 
 5541 
 
 5590 
 
 15638 
 
 5687 
 
 5736 
 
 5784 
 
 57 
 
 15833 
 
 5882 
 
 5931 
 
 15980 
 
 6029 
 
 6079 
 
 L6128 
 
 6177 
 
 6227 
 
 6276 
 
 58 
 
 16326 
 
 6376 
 
 6425 
 
 16475 
 
 6525 
 
 6575 
 
 6625 
 
 6675 
 
 6725 
 
 6776 
 
 59 
 
 16826 
 
 6876 
 
 6927 
 
 16977 
 
 7028 
 
 L7079 
 
 L7129 
 
 7180 
 
 7231 
 
 7282 
 
 60 
 
 17333 
 
 7384 
 
 7436 
 
 17487 
 
 7538 
 
 17590 
 
 17641 
 
 7693 
 
 7745 
 
 7796 I 
 
 For continuation to 170 feet, see table 15. 
 
/I.It,-///. 
 
 5 10 IS 20 2!> 'Mi :>>:( 
 
 (if) 
 
 SIDE -SLOPES Itol. 
 ROADWAY 18 F* 
 
TABLE 4. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 Roadway IS feet wide, side-s'opes 1 to 
 
 Depth 
 in ft. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. vds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. vds 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 
 
 
 6-71 
 
 13-5 
 
 20-4 
 
 27-4 
 
 34-5 
 
 41-6 
 
 49-0 
 
 56-G 
 
 64- 
 
 1 
 
 71-3 
 
 78-9 
 
 86-7 
 
 94-5 
 
 102-4 
 
 110-4 
 
 118-5 
 
 126-7 
 
 135-0 
 
 143- 
 
 2 
 
 151-8 
 
 160-4 
 
 169-1 
 
 177-8 
 
 186-7 
 
 195-6 
 
 204-6 
 
 213-8 
 
 223-0 
 
 232-? 
 
 3 j 241-6 
 
 251-1 
 
 260-7 
 
 270-4 
 
 280-2 
 
 290-0 
 
 300-0 
 
 310-1 
 
 320-2 
 
 330- 
 
 4 | 340-7 
 
 351-2 
 
 .161-7 
 
 372-3 
 
 383-0 
 
 393-8 
 
 404-7 
 
 415.7 
 
 426-8 
 
 437-fc 
 
 5 
 
 449-2 
 
 460-6 
 
 472-1 
 
 483-7 
 
 495-3 
 
 507-0 
 
 518-8 
 
 530-8 
 
 542-3 
 
 554-c 
 
 6 
 
 566-7| 579-0 
 
 591-3 
 
 603-8 
 
 616-4 
 
 629-0 
 
 641.8 
 
 654-5 
 
 667-5 
 
 680./ 
 
 7 
 
 693-51 706-7 
 
 720-0 
 
 733-4 
 
 746-9 
 
 760-4 
 
 774-1 
 
 787-8 
 
 801-7 
 
 815-( 
 
 8 
 
 829-6 
 
 843-8 
 
 858-0 
 
 872-3 
 
 886-7 
 
 901-2 
 
 915-8 
 
 930-4 
 
 945-2 
 
 960-1 
 
 9 
 
 975-0 
 
 990-0 
 
 1005 
 
 1020 
 
 1036 
 
 1051 
 
 1067 
 
 1082 
 
 1098 
 
 1114 
 
 10 
 
 1130 
 
 1146 
 
 1162 
 
 1178 
 
 1194 
 
 1210 
 
 1227 
 
 1243 
 
 1260 
 
 1277 
 
 11 
 
 1293 
 
 1310 
 
 1327 
 
 1344 
 
 1361 
 
 1379 
 
 1396 
 
 1413 
 
 1431 
 
 1448 
 
 12 
 
 1467 
 
 1484 
 
 1502 
 
 1520 
 
 1539 
 
 1557 
 
 1575 
 
 1593 
 
 1612 
 
 1630 
 
 13 
 
 1649 
 
 1668 
 
 1687 
 
 1706 
 
 1725 
 
 1744 
 
 1763 
 
 1782 
 
 1802 
 
 1821 
 
 14 
 
 1841 
 
 1860 
 
 1880 
 
 1900 
 
 1920 
 
 1940 
 
 1960 
 
 1980 
 
 2001 
 
 2021 
 
 15 
 
 2042 
 
 2062 
 
 2083 
 
 2104 
 
 2125 
 
 2146 
 
 2167 
 
 2188 
 
 2209 
 
 2231 
 
 16 
 
 2252 
 
 2273 
 
 2295 
 
 2317 
 
 2339 
 
 2361 
 
 2383 
 
 2405 
 
 2427 
 
 2449 
 
 17 
 
 2471 
 
 2494 
 
 2516 
 
 2539 
 
 2562 
 
 2585 
 
 2608 
 
 2631 
 
 2654 
 
 2677 
 
 18 
 
 2700 
 
 2723 
 
 2747 
 
 2770 
 
 2794 
 
 2818 
 
 2842 
 
 2866 
 
 2890 
 
 2914 
 
 19 
 
 2938 
 
 2962 
 
 2987 
 
 3011 
 
 3036 
 
 3060 
 
 3085 
 
 3110 
 
 3135 
 
 3160 
 
 20 
 
 3185 
 
 3210 
 
 3236 
 
 3261 
 
 3287 
 
 3312 
 
 3338 
 
 3364 
 
 3390 
 
 3416 
 
 21 
 
 3442 
 
 3468 
 
 3494 
 
 3520 
 
 3547 
 
 3573 
 
 3600 
 
 3627 
 
 3654 
 
 3680 
 
 22 
 
 3707 
 
 3734 
 
 3762 
 
 3789 
 
 3816 
 
 3844 
 
 3871 
 
 3899 
 
 3927 
 
 3954 
 
 23 
 
 3982 
 
 4010 
 
 4039 
 
 4067 
 
 4095 
 
 4123 
 
 4152 
 
 4180 
 
 4209 
 
 4238 
 
 24 
 
 4267 
 
 4296 
 
 4325 
 
 4354 
 
 4383 
 
 4412 
 
 4442 
 
 4471 
 
 4501 
 
 4530 
 
 25 
 
 4560 
 
 4590 
 
 4620 
 
 4650 
 
 4680 
 
 4710 
 
 4741 
 
 4771 
 
 4802 
 
 4832 
 
 26 
 
 4863 
 
 4894 
 
 4925 
 
 4956 
 
 4987 
 
 5018 
 
 5049 
 
 5080 
 
 5112 
 
 5143 
 
 27 
 
 5175 
 
 5207 
 
 5239 
 
 5270 
 
 5302 
 
 5334 
 
 5367 
 
 5399 
 
 5431 
 
 5464 
 
 28 
 
 5496 
 
 5529 
 
 5562 
 
 5594 
 
 5627 
 
 5660 
 
 5693 
 
 5727 
 
 5760 
 
 5793 
 
 29 
 
 5827 
 
 5860 
 
 5894 
 
 5928 
 
 5962 
 
 5996 
 
 6030 
 
 6064 
 
 6098 
 
 6132 
 
 30 
 
 6167 
 
 6201 
 
 6236 
 
 6270 
 
 6305 
 
 6340 
 
 6375 
 
 6410 
 
 6445 
 
 6480 
 
 31 
 
 6516 
 
 6551 
 
 6587 
 
 6622 
 
 6658 
 
 6694 
 
 6730 
 
 6766 
 
 6802 
 
 6838 
 
 32 
 
 6874 
 
 6910 
 
 6947 
 
 6983 
 
 7020 
 
 7057 
 
 7093 
 
 7130 
 
 7167 
 
 7204 
 
 33 
 
 7242 
 
 7279 
 
 7316 
 
 7354 
 
 7391 
 
 7429 
 
 7467 7504 
 
 7542 
 
 7580 
 
 34 
 
 7618 
 
 7656 
 
 7695 
 
 7733 
 
 7772 
 
 7810 
 
 7849 | -7887 
 
 7926 
 
 7965 
 
 35 
 
 8005 
 
 8044 
 
 8083 
 
 8122 
 
 8162 
 
 8201 
 
 8241 
 
 8280 
 
 8320 
 
 8360 
 
 36 
 
 8400 
 
 8440 
 
 8480 
 
 8520 
 
 8561 
 
 8601 
 
 8642 
 
 8682 
 
 8723 
 
 8764 
 
 37 
 
 8805 
 
 8846 
 
 8887 
 
 8928 
 
 8969 
 
 9010 
 
 9052 
 
 9093 
 
 9135 
 
 9177 
 
 38 
 
 9219 
 
 9260 
 
 9302 
 
 9344 
 
 9387 
 
 9429 
 
 9471 
 
 9514 
 
 9556 
 
 9599 
 
 39 
 
 9642 
 
 9684 
 
 9727 
 
 9770 
 
 9813 
 
 9857 
 
 9900 
 
 9943 
 
 9987 
 
 10030 
 
 40 
 
 10074 
 
 10118 
 
 10162 
 
 10206 
 
 10250 
 
 10294 
 
 10338 
 
 10382 
 
 0427 
 
 10471 
 
 41 
 
 10516 
 
 10560 
 
 10605 
 
 10650 
 
 10695 
 
 10740 
 
 10785 
 
 10830 
 
 0876 
 
 0921 
 
 42 10967 
 
 11012 
 
 11058 
 
 11104 
 
 11150 
 
 11196 
 
 11242 
 
 11288 
 
 1334 
 
 1380 
 
 43 J11427 
 
 11473 
 
 11520 
 
 11567 
 
 11614 
 
 11660 
 
 11707 
 
 11754 
 
 1802 
 
 1849 
 
 44 
 
 11896 
 
 11944 
 
 11991 
 
 12039 
 
 12087 
 
 12134 
 
 12182 
 
 12230 
 
 2278 
 
 2327 
 
 45 
 
 12375 
 
 12423 
 
 12472 
 
 12520 
 
 12569 
 
 12618 
 
 12667 
 
 12716 
 
 2765 
 
 2814 
 
 46 
 
 12863 
 
 12912 
 
 12962 
 
 13011 
 
 13061 
 
 13111 
 
 13160 
 
 13210 
 
 3260 
 
 3310 
 
 47 
 
 13360 
 
 13410 
 
 13461 
 
 13511 
 
 13562 
 
 13613 
 
 13662 
 
 13713 
 
 3764 
 
 3315 
 
 48 
 
 13867 
 
 13918 
 
 13969 
 
 14020 
 
 14072 
 
 14123 
 
 14175 
 
 14227 
 
 4279 
 
 4330 
 
 49 
 
 14382 
 
 14435 
 
 14487 
 
 14539 
 
 14591 
 
 14644 
 
 4696 
 
 14749 
 
 4802 
 
 4855 
 
 50 
 
 14907 
 
 14960 
 
 15014 
 
 15067 
 
 15120 
 
 15173 
 
 15227 
 
 15280 
 
 5334 
 
 5388 
 
 61 
 
 15442 
 
 15496 
 
 15550 
 
 15604 
 
 15658 
 
 15712 
 
 15767 
 
 15821 
 
 5876 
 
 5931 
 
 52 
 
 15985 
 
 16040 
 
 16095 
 
 16150 
 
 16205 
 
 16260 
 
 16316 
 
 16371 
 
 6427 
 
 6482 
 
 53 
 
 16538 
 
 16594 
 
 16650 
 
 16706 
 
 16761 
 
 16817 
 
 16874 
 
 16930 
 
 16987 
 
 7043 
 
 54 
 
 17100 
 
 17157 
 
 17214 
 
 17270 
 
 17328 
 
 17385 
 
 17441 
 
 17499 
 
 17556 
 
 7613 
 
 55 
 
 17671 
 
 17729 
 
 17787 
 
 17845 
 
 17903 
 
 17961 
 
 18019 
 
 18077 
 
 18135 
 
 8193 
 
 56 
 
 18252 
 
 18310 
 
 18369 
 
 18428 
 
 18487 
 
 18545 
 
 18604 
 
 18663 
 
 18723 
 
 8782 
 
 57 18842 
 
 18901 
 
 18961 
 
 19021 
 
 19080 
 
 19140 
 
 19200 
 
 19260 
 
 19320 
 
 9380 
 
 58 19441 
 
 19501 
 
 19562 
 
 19622 
 
 19683 
 
 19744 
 
 19804 
 
 19865 
 
 19926 
 
 9988 
 
 59 20049 
 
 20110 
 
 20172 
 
 20233 
 
 20295 
 
 20357 
 
 20418 
 
 20480 
 
 20542 
 
 20604 
 
 60 120667 
 
 20729 
 
 20791 
 
 20854 
 
 20916 
 
 20979 
 
 21041 121104 121167 
 
 21230 
 
 For continuation to 170 feet see table 15. 
 
26 
 
 TABLE 5. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 
 Roadway IS feet wide, side-slopes 1$ to 
 
 Depth 
 in ft. 
 
 
 
 , 1 , 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. vds.jcu yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 
 
 
 6-72. 13-6 
 
 205 
 
 27-6 
 
 34-7 
 
 42.0 
 
 49-4 
 
 56-9 
 
 64-5 
 
 1 
 
 72-2 
 
 80-1 
 
 88-0 
 
 961 
 
 104-2 
 
 112-5 
 
 120-9 
 
 129-4 
 
 138-0 
 
 146-7 
 
 2 
 
 155-5 
 
 164-5 
 
 173-5 
 
 182-7 
 
 191-9 
 
 201-3 
 
 210-8 
 
 220-4 
 
 230-1 
 
 240<0 
 
 3 
 
 249-9 
 
 260-0 
 
 270-1 
 
 280-4 
 
 290-8 
 
 301-3 
 
 311-9 
 
 322-6 
 
 333-4 
 
 344-5 
 
 4 
 
 355-5 
 
 366-7 
 
 378-0 
 
 389-4 
 
 400-9 
 
 412-5 
 
 424-2 
 
 436-0 
 
 448-0 
 
 460-0 
 
 5 
 
 472-2 
 
 484-5 
 
 496-9 
 
 509-4 
 
 522-0 
 
 534-7 
 
 547-6 
 
 560-5 
 
 573-6 
 
 586-7 
 
 6 
 
 600-0 
 
 613-4 
 
 626-9 
 
 640-5 
 
 654-2 
 
 668-1 
 
 682-0 
 
 696-1 
 
 710-2 
 
 724-5 
 
 7 
 
 738-9 
 
 753-4 
 
 768-0 
 
 782-7 
 
 797-6 
 
 812-5 
 
 827-6 
 
 842-7 
 
 858-0 
 
 873-4 
 
 8 
 
 888-9 
 
 904-5 
 
 920-2 
 
 936-1 
 
 952-0 
 
 968-1 
 
 984-2 
 
 1001 
 
 1017 
 
 1033 
 
 9 
 
 1050 
 
 1067 
 
 1084 
 
 1101 
 
 1118 
 
 1135 
 
 1152 
 
 1169 
 
 1187 
 
 1205 
 
 10 
 
 1222 
 
 1240 
 
 1258 
 
 1276 
 
 1294 
 
 1313 
 
 1331 
 
 1349 
 
 1368 
 
 1387 
 
 11 
 
 1406 
 
 1425 
 
 1444 
 
 1463 
 
 1482 
 
 1501 
 
 1521 
 
 1541 
 
 1560 
 
 1580 
 
 12 
 
 1600 
 
 1620 
 
 1640 
 
 1661 
 
 1681 
 
 1701 
 
 1722 
 
 1743 
 
 1764 
 
 1785 
 
 13 
 
 1806 
 
 1827 
 
 1848 
 
 1869 
 
 1891 
 
 1913 
 
 1934 
 
 1956 
 
 1978 
 
 2000 
 
 14 
 
 2022 
 
 2045 
 
 2067 
 
 2089 
 
 2112 
 
 2135 
 
 2158 
 
 2181 
 
 2204 
 
 2227 
 
 15 
 
 2250 
 
 2273 
 
 2297 
 
 2321 
 
 2344 
 
 2368 
 
 2392 
 
 2416 
 
 2440 
 
 2465 
 
 16 
 
 2489 
 
 2513 
 
 2538 
 
 2563 
 
 2588 
 
 2613 
 
 2638 
 
 2663 
 
 2688 
 
 2713 
 
 17 
 
 2739 
 
 2765 
 
 2790 
 
 2816 
 
 2842 
 
 2868 
 
 2894 
 
 2921 
 
 2947 
 
 2973 
 
 18 
 
 3000 
 
 3027 
 
 3054 
 
 3081 
 
 3108 
 
 3135 
 
 3162 
 
 3189 
 
 3217 
 
 3245 
 
 19 
 
 3272 
 
 3300 
 
 3328 
 
 3356 
 
 3384 
 
 3413 
 
 3441 
 
 3469 
 
 3498 
 
 3527 
 
 20 
 
 3556 
 
 3585 
 
 3614 
 
 3643 
 
 3672 
 
 3701 
 
 3731 
 
 3761 
 
 3790 
 
 3820 
 
 21 
 
 3850 
 
 3880 
 
 3910 
 
 3941 
 
 3971 
 
 4001 
 
 4032 
 
 4063 
 
 4094 
 
 4125 
 
 22 
 
 4156 
 
 4187 
 
 4218 
 
 4249 
 
 4281 
 
 4313 
 
 4344 
 
 4376 
 
 4408 
 
 4440 
 
 23 
 
 4472 
 
 4505 
 
 4537 
 
 4569 
 
 4602 
 
 4635 
 
 4668 
 
 4701 
 
 4734 
 
 4767 
 
 24 
 
 4800 
 
 4833 
 
 4867 
 
 4901 
 
 4934 
 
 4968 
 
 5002 
 
 5036 
 
 5070 
 
 5105 
 
 25 
 
 5139 
 
 5173 
 
 5208 
 
 5243 
 
 5278 
 
 5313 
 
 5348 
 
 5383 
 
 5418 
 
 5453 
 
 26 
 
 5489 
 
 5525 
 
 5560 
 
 5596 
 
 5632 
 
 5668 
 
 5704 
 
 5741 
 
 5777 
 
 5813 
 
 27 
 
 5850 
 
 5887 
 
 5924 
 
 5961 
 
 5998 
 
 6035 
 
 6072 
 
 6109 
 
 6147 
 
 6185 
 
 28 
 
 6222 
 
 6260 
 
 6298 
 
 6336 6374 
 
 6413 
 
 6451 
 
 6489 
 
 6528 
 
 6567 
 
 211 
 
 6606 
 
 6645 
 
 6684 
 
 6723 
 
 6762 
 
 6801 
 
 6841 
 
 6881 
 
 6920 
 
 6960 
 
 30 
 
 7000 
 
 7040 
 
 7080 
 
 7121 
 
 7161 
 
 7201 
 
 7242 
 
 7283 
 
 7324 
 
 7365 
 
 31 
 
 7406 
 
 7447 
 
 7488 
 
 7529 
 
 7571 
 
 7613 
 
 7654 
 
 7696 
 
 7738 
 
 7780 
 
 32 
 
 7822 
 
 7865 
 
 7907 
 
 7949 
 
 7992 
 
 8035 
 
 8078 
 
 8121 
 
 8164 
 
 8207 
 
 33 
 
 8250 
 
 8293 
 
 8337 
 
 8381 
 
 8424 
 
 8468 
 
 8512 
 
 8556 
 
 8600 
 
 8645 
 
 34 
 
 8689 
 
 8733 
 
 8778 
 
 8823 
 
 8868 
 
 8913 
 
 8958 
 
 9003 
 
 9048 
 
 9093 
 
 35 
 
 9139 
 
 9185 
 
 9230 
 
 9276 
 
 9322 
 
 9368 
 
 9414 
 
 9461 
 
 9507 
 
 9553 
 
 36 
 
 9600 
 
 9647 
 
 9694 
 
 9741 
 
 9788 
 
 9835 
 
 9882 
 
 9929 
 
 9977 
 
 10025 
 
 37 
 
 10072 
 
 10120 
 
 10168 
 
 10216 
 
 10264 
 
 10313 
 
 10361 
 
 10409 
 
 10458 
 
 10507 
 
 38 
 
 10556 
 
 10605 
 
 10654 
 
 10703 
 
 10752 
 
 10801 
 
 10851 
 
 10901 
 
 10950 
 
 11000 
 
 39 
 
 11050 
 
 11100 
 
 11150 
 
 11200 
 
 11251 
 
 11301 
 
 11352 
 
 11403 
 
 11454 
 
 11505 
 
 40 
 
 11556 
 
 11607 
 
 11658 
 
 11709 
 
 11761 
 
 11813 
 
 11864 
 
 11916 
 
 11968 
 
 12020 
 
 41 
 
 12072 
 
 12125 
 
 12177 
 
 12229 
 
 12282 
 
 12335 
 
 12388 
 
 12441 
 
 12494 
 
 12547 
 
 42 
 
 12600 
 
 12653 
 
 12707 
 
 12761 
 
 12814 
 
 12868 
 
 12922 
 
 12976 
 
 13030 
 
 13085 
 
 43 
 
 13139 
 
 13193 
 
 13248 
 
 13303 
 
 1 3358 
 
 13413 
 
 13468 
 
 13523 
 
 13578 
 
 13633 
 
 44 
 
 13689 
 
 13745 
 
 13800 
 
 13856 
 
 13912 
 
 13968 
 
 14024 
 
 14081 
 
 14137 
 
 14193 
 
 45 
 
 14250 
 
 14307 
 
 14364 
 
 14421 
 
 14478 
 
 14535 
 
 14592 
 
 14649 
 
 14707 
 
 4765 
 
 46 
 
 14822 
 
 14880 
 
 14938 
 
 14996 
 
 15054 
 
 15113 
 
 15171 
 
 15229 
 
 15288 
 
 15347 
 
 47 
 
 15406 
 
 15465 
 
 15524 
 
 15583 
 
 15642 
 
 15701 
 
 15761 
 
 15821 
 
 15880 
 
 15940 
 
 48 
 
 16000 
 
 16060 
 
 16120 
 
 16181 
 
 16241 
 
 16301 
 
 16362 
 
 16423 
 
 16484 
 
 6545 
 
 49 
 
 16606 
 
 16667 
 
 16728 
 
 16789 
 
 16851 
 
 16913 
 
 16974 
 
 17036 
 
 17098 
 
 17160 
 
 50 
 
 17222 
 
 17285 
 
 17347 
 
 17409 
 
 17472 
 
 17535 
 
 17598 
 
 17661 
 
 17724 
 
 7787 
 
 1 51 
 
 17850 
 
 17913 
 
 17977 
 
 18041 
 
 18104 
 
 18168 
 
 18232 
 
 18296 
 
 18360 
 
 8425 
 
 52 
 
 18489 
 
 18553 
 
 18618 
 
 18683 
 
 18748 
 
 18813 
 
 18878 
 
 18943 
 
 19008 19073 
 
 53 
 
 19139 
 
 19205 
 
 19270 
 
 19336 
 
 19402 
 
 19468 
 
 19534 
 
 19601 
 
 9667 19733 
 
 54 
 
 19800 
 
 19867 
 
 19934 
 
 20000 
 
 20068 
 
 20135 
 
 20202 
 
 20269 
 
 20337 20405 
 
 55 
 
 20472 
 
 20540 
 
 20608 
 
 20676 
 
 20744 
 
 20813 
 
 20881 
 
 20949 
 
 21018 21087 
 
 56 
 
 21156 
 
 21225 
 
 21294 
 
 21363 
 
 21432 
 
 21501 
 
 21571 
 
 21641 
 
 21710 21780 
 
 57 
 
 21850 
 
 21920 
 
 21990 
 
 22061 
 
 22131 
 
 22201 
 
 22272 
 
 22343 
 
 22414 ,22485 
 
 58 
 
 22556 
 
 22627 
 
 22698 
 
 22769 
 
 22841 
 
 22913 
 
 22984 
 
 23056 
 
 23128 
 
 23200 
 
 59 
 
 23272 
 
 23345 
 
 23417 
 
 23489 
 
 23562 
 
 23635 
 
 23708 
 
 23781 
 
 23854 
 
 23927 
 
 60 
 
 74000 
 
 24073 
 
 24147 
 
 24221 
 
 24294 
 
 24368 
 
 24442 
 
 24516 124590 
 
 24665 
 
 For continuation to 170 feet see table 15. 
 

 SIDE-SLOPES 
 
 ''" ROAD WAY 18 FT 
 

Plate 71. 
 
 sim: SLOPES ' 
 
 ROAD WAY l FT 
 
27 
 
 TABLE 6. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 Roadway \Sfeet wide, side-slopes 2 to 1. 
 
 Depth 
 in ft. 
 
 
 
 ., 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 ;u. yds. cu. yds. 
 
 ^u. yds. 
 
 u. yds. 
 
 u. y<1>. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 u. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 
 
 
 6-74 
 
 13-6 
 
 20-7 
 
 27-9 
 
 35-2 
 
 42-7 
 
 50-3 
 
 58-1 
 
 66-0 
 
 1 
 
 74-1 
 
 82-3 
 
 90-7 
 
 99-2 
 
 107-9 
 
 116-7 
 
 125-6 
 
 134-7 
 
 144-0 
 
 153-4 
 
 2 
 
 163-0 
 
 172-7 
 
 182-5 
 
 192-5 
 
 202-7 
 
 213-0 
 
 223-4 
 
 234-0 
 
 244-7 
 
 255-6 
 
 3 
 
 266-7 
 
 277-9 
 
 289-2 
 
 300-7 
 
 312-3 
 
 324-1 
 
 336-0 
 
 348-1 
 
 360-3 
 
 372-7 
 
 4 
 
 385-2 
 
 397-9 
 
 410-? 
 
 423-6 
 
 436-7 
 
 450-0 
 
 463-4 
 
 477-0 
 
 490.7 
 
 504.5 
 
 5 
 
 518-5 
 
 532-7 
 
 547 -t 
 
 561-4 
 
 576-0 
 
 590-7 
 
 605-6 
 
 620-7 
 
 635-9 
 
 651-2 
 
 6 
 
 666-7 
 
 682-3 
 
 698-1 
 
 714-0 
 
 730-1 
 
 746-3 
 
 762-7 
 
 779-2 
 
 795-9 
 
 812-7 
 
 7 
 
 829-6 
 
 846-7 
 
 864-0 
 
 881-4 
 
 899-0 
 
 916-7 
 
 934-5 
 
 952-5 
 
 970-7 
 
 989-0 
 
 8 
 
 1007 
 
 1026 
 
 1045 
 
 1064 
 
 1083 
 
 1102 
 
 1121 
 
 1141 
 
 1160 
 
 1180 
 
 9 
 
 1200 
 
 1220 
 
 1240 
 
 1261 
 
 1281 
 
 1302 
 
 1323 
 
 1344 
 
 1365 
 
 1386 
 
 10 
 
 1407 
 
 1429 
 
 1451 
 
 1473 
 
 1495 
 
 1517 
 
 1539 
 
 1561 
 
 1584 
 
 1607 
 
 11 
 
 1630 
 
 1653 
 
 1676 
 
 1699 
 
 1723 
 
 1746 
 
 1770 
 
 1794 
 
 1818 
 
 1842 
 
 12 
 
 1867 
 
 1891 
 
 1916 
 
 1941 
 
 1966 
 
 1991 
 
 2016 
 
 2041 
 
 2067 
 
 2093 
 
 13 
 
 2119 
 
 2145 
 
 2171 
 
 2197 
 
 2223 
 
 2250 
 
 2277 
 
 2304 
 
 2331 
 
 2358 
 
 14 
 
 2385 
 
 2413 
 
 2440 
 
 2468 
 
 2496 
 
 2524 
 
 2552 
 
 2581 
 
 2609 
 
 2638 
 
 15 
 
 2667 
 
 2696 
 
 2725 
 
 2754 
 
 2783 
 
 2813 
 
 2843 
 
 2873 
 
 2903 
 
 2933 
 
 16 
 
 2963 
 
 2993 
 
 3024 
 
 3055 
 
 3086 
 
 3117 
 
 3148 
 
 3179 
 
 3211 
 
 3242 
 
 17 
 
 3274 
 
 3306 
 
 3338 
 
 3370 
 
 3403 
 
 3435 
 
 3468 
 
 3501 
 
 3534 
 
 3567 
 
 IS 
 
 3600 
 
 3633 
 
 3667 
 
 3701 
 
 3735 
 
 3769 
 
 3803 
 
 3837 
 
 3871 
 
 3906 
 
 19 
 
 3941 
 
 3976 
 
 4011 
 
 4046 
 
 4081 
 
 4117 
 
 4152 
 
 4188 
 
 4224 
 
 4260 
 
 20 
 
 4296 
 
 4333 
 
 4369 
 
 4406 
 
 4443 
 
 4480 
 
 4517 
 
 4554 
 
 4591 
 
 4629 
 
 21 
 
 4667 
 
 4705 
 
 4743 
 
 4781 
 
 4819 
 
 4857 
 
 4896 
 
 4935 
 
 4974 
 
 5013 
 
 22 
 
 5052 
 
 5091 
 
 5131 
 
 5170 
 
 5210 
 
 5250 
 
 5290 
 
 5330 
 
 5371 
 
 5411 
 
 23 
 
 5452 
 
 5493 
 
 5534 
 
 5575 
 
 5616 
 
 5657 
 
 5699 
 
 5741 
 
 5783 
 
 5825 
 
 24 
 
 5867 
 
 G909 
 
 5951 
 
 5994 
 
 6037 
 
 6080 
 
 6123 
 
 6166 
 
 6209 
 
 6253 
 
 25 
 
 6296 
 
 6340 
 
 6384 
 
 6428 
 
 6472 
 
 6517 
 
 6561 
 
 6606 
 
 6651 
 
 6696 
 
 26 
 
 6741 
 
 6786 
 
 6831 
 
 6877 
 
 6923 
 
 6969 
 
 7015 
 
 7061 
 
 7107 
 
 7153 
 
 27 
 
 7200 
 
 7247 
 
 7294 
 
 7341 
 
 7388 
 
 7435 
 
 7483 
 
 7530 
 
 7578 
 
 7626 
 
 28 
 
 7674 
 
 7722 
 
 7771 
 
 7819 
 
 7868 
 
 7917 
 
 7966 
 
 8015 
 
 8064 
 
 8113 
 
 29 
 
 8163 
 
 8213 
 
 8263 
 
 8313 
 
 8363 
 
 8413 
 
 8463 
 
 8514 
 
 8565 
 
 8616 
 
 30 
 
 8667 
 
 8718 
 
 8769 
 
 8821 
 
 8872 
 
 8924 
 
 8976 
 
 9028 
 
 9080 
 
 9133 
 
 31 
 
 9185 
 
 9238 
 
 9291 
 
 9344 
 
 9397 
 
 9450 
 
 9503 
 
 9557 
 
 9611 
 
 9665 
 
 32 
 
 9719 
 
 9773 
 
 9827 
 
 9881 
 
 9936 
 
 9991 
 
 10046 
 
 10101 
 
 10156 
 
 J0211 
 
 33 
 
 10267 
 
 10322 
 
 10378 
 
 10434 
 
 10490 
 
 10546 
 
 10603 
 
 10659 
 
 10716 
 
 10773 
 
 34 
 
 10830 
 
 10887 
 
 10944 
 
 11001 
 
 11059 
 
 11117 
 
 11175 
 
 11233 
 
 11291 
 
 11349 
 
 35 
 
 11407 
 
 11466 
 
 11525 
 
 11584 
 
 11643 
 
 11702 
 
 11761 
 
 11821 
 
 11880 
 
 11940 
 
 36 12000 
 
 12060 
 
 12120 
 
 12181 
 
 12241 
 
 12302 
 
 12363 
 
 12424 
 
 12485 
 
 12546 
 
 37 
 
 12607 
 
 12669 
 
 12731 
 
 12793 
 
 12855 
 
 12917 
 
 12979 
 
 13041 
 
 13104 
 
 13167 
 
 38 
 
 13230 
 
 13293 
 
 13356 
 
 13419 
 
 13482 
 
 13546 
 
 13610 
 
 13674 
 
 13738 
 
 13802 
 
 39 
 
 13867 
 
 13931 
 
 13996 
 
 14061 
 
 14126 
 
 14191 
 
 14256 
 
 14321 
 
 14387 
 
 14453 
 
 40 
 
 14519 
 
 14585 
 
 14651 
 
 14717 
 
 14783 
 
 14850 
 
 14917 
 
 14984 
 
 15051 
 
 15118 
 
 41 
 
 15185 
 
 15253 
 
 15320 
 
 15388 
 
 15456 
 
 15524 
 
 15592 
 
 15661 
 
 15729 
 
 15798 
 
 42 
 
 15867 
 
 15936 
 
 16005 
 
 16074 
 
 16143 
 
 16213 
 
 16283 
 
 16353 
 
 16423 
 
 16493 
 
 43 
 
 16563 
 
 16633 
 
 16704 
 
 16775 
 
 16846 
 
 16917 
 
 16988 
 
 17059 
 
 17131 
 
 17202 
 
 44 
 
 17274 
 
 17346 
 
 17418 
 
 17490 
 
 17563 
 
 17635 
 
 17708 
 
 17781 
 
 17854 
 
 17927 
 
 45 
 
 18000 
 
 18073 
 
 18147 
 
 18221 
 
 18295 
 
 18369 
 
 18443 
 
 18517 
 
 18591 
 
 18666 
 
 46 
 
 18741 
 
 18816 
 
 18891 
 
 18966 
 
 19041 
 
 19117 
 
 19192 
 
 19268 
 
 19344 
 
 19420 
 
 47 
 
 19496 
 
 19573 
 
 19649 
 
 19726 
 
 19803 
 
 19880 
 
 19957 
 
 20034 
 
 20111 
 
 20189 
 
 48 
 
 20267 
 
 20345 
 
 20423 
 
 20501 
 
 20579 
 
 20657 
 
 20736 
 
 20815 
 
 20894 
 
 20973 
 
 49 
 
 21052 
 
 21131 
 
 21211 
 
 21290 J21370 
 
 21450 
 
 21530 
 
 21610 
 
 21691 121771 
 
 50 '21852 
 
 21933 
 
 22014 
 
 22095 
 
 22176 
 
 22257 
 
 22339 
 
 22421 
 
 22503 122585 
 
 51 
 
 22667 
 
 22749 
 
 22831 
 
 22914 
 
 22997 
 
 23080 
 
 23163 
 
 23246 
 
 23329 
 
 23413 
 
 52 
 
 23496 
 
 23580 
 
 23664 
 
 23748 
 
 23832 
 
 23917 
 
 24001 
 
 24086 
 
 24171 
 
 24256 
 
 53 
 
 21341 
 
 24426 
 
 24511 
 
 24597 
 
 24683 
 
 24769 
 
 24855 
 
 24941 
 
 25027 
 
 25113 
 
 54 
 
 25200 
 
 25287 
 
 25374 
 
 25461 
 
 25548 
 
 25635 
 
 25723 
 
 25810 
 
 25898 
 
 25986 
 
 55 
 
 26074 
 
 26162 
 
 26251 
 
 26339 
 
 26428 
 
 26517 
 
 26606 
 
 26695 
 
 26784 
 
 26873 
 
 56 
 
 26963 
 
 27053 
 
 27143 
 
 27233 
 
 27323 
 
 27413 
 
 27503 
 
 27594 
 
 27685 
 
 27776 
 
 57 
 
 27867 
 
 27958 28049 
 
 28141 
 
 28232 28324 
 
 28416 
 
 28508 
 
 28600 
 
 28693 
 
 58 
 
 28785 28878 28971 
 
 29064 
 
 29157 29250 
 
 29343 
 
 29437 
 
 29531 
 
 29625 
 
 59 
 
 29719 29813 29907 
 
 30001 
 
 30096 30191 
 
 30286 
 
 30381 
 
 30476 
 
 30571 
 
 60 
 
 30667 |30762 30858 
 
 30954 
 
 31050 31146 J31242 
 
 31339 
 
 31436 
 
 31533 
 
 For continuation to 170 feet, see table 15. 
 
28 
 
 T>. B LE7. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 Roadway 28 feet wide, side-slopes 1 to 1. 
 
 Depth 
 in ft. 
 
 
 
 1. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 
 
 
 10-4 
 
 20-9 
 
 31-4 
 
 42-1 
 
 52-8 
 
 63-6 
 
 74-4 
 
 85-3 
 
 96-3 
 
 1 
 
 107-4 
 
 118-6 
 
 129-8 
 
 141-1 
 
 152-4 
 
 163.9 
 
 175-4 
 
 187-0 
 
 198-7 
 
 210-4 
 
 2 
 
 222-2 
 
 234-1 
 
 246-1 
 
 258-1 
 
 270-2 
 
 282-4 
 
 294.7 
 
 307-0 
 
 319-4 
 
 331-9 
 
 3 
 
 344-4 
 
 357-1 
 
 369-8 
 
 382-6 
 
 395-4 
 
 408-3 
 
 421-3 
 
 434-4 
 
 447-6 
 
 460-8 
 
 4, 
 
 474-1 
 
 487-4 
 
 500-9 
 
 514-4 
 
 528-0 
 
 541-7 
 
 555-4 
 
 569-2 
 
 583-1 
 
 597-1 
 
 5 
 
 611-1 
 
 625-2 
 
 639-4 
 
 653-7 
 
 668-0 
 
 682-4 
 
 696-9 
 
 711-4 
 
 726-1 
 
 740-8 
 
 6 
 
 755-6 
 
 770-4 
 
 785-4 
 
 800-4 
 
 815-5 
 
 830-6 
 
 845-8 
 
 861-1 
 
 876-5 
 
 891-9 
 
 7 
 
 907-5 
 
 923-0 
 
 938-7 
 
 954-5 
 
 970-3 
 
 986-2 
 
 1002 
 
 1018 
 
 1034 
 
 1050 
 
 8 
 
 1067 
 
 1083 
 
 1099 
 
 1116 
 
 1132 
 
 1149 
 
 1166 
 
 1182 
 
 1199 
 
 1216 
 
 9 
 
 1233 
 
 1250 
 
 1267 
 
 1285 
 
 1302 
 
 1319 
 
 1337 
 
 1354 
 
 1372 
 
 1390 
 
 10 
 
 1407 
 
 1425 
 
 1443 
 
 1461 
 
 1479 
 
 1497 
 
 1515 
 
 1534 
 
 1552 
 
 1570 
 
 11 
 
 1589 
 
 1607 
 
 1626 
 
 1645 
 
 1664 
 
 1682 
 
 1701 
 
 1720 
 
 1739 
 
 1759 
 
 12 
 
 1778 
 
 1797 
 
 1816 
 
 1836 
 
 1855 
 
 1875 
 
 1895 
 
 1914 
 
 1934 
 
 1954 
 
 13 
 
 1974 
 
 1994 
 
 2014 
 
 2034 
 
 2055 
 
 2075 
 
 2095 
 
 2116 
 
 2136 
 
 2157 
 
 14 
 
 2178 
 
 2199 
 
 2219 
 
 2240 
 
 2261 
 
 2282 
 
 2304 
 
 2325 
 
 2346 
 
 2367 
 
 15 
 
 2389 
 
 2410 
 
 2432 
 
 2454 
 
 2475 
 
 2497 
 
 2519 
 
 2541 
 
 2563 
 
 2585 
 
 16 
 
 2607 
 
 2630 
 
 2652 
 
 2674 
 
 2697 
 
 2719 
 
 2742 
 
 2765 
 
 2788 
 
 2810 
 
 17 
 
 2833 
 
 2856 
 
 2879 
 
 2903 
 
 2926 
 
 2949 
 
 2972 
 
 2996 
 
 3019 
 
 3043 
 
 18 
 
 3067 
 
 3090 
 
 3114 
 
 3138 
 
 3162 
 
 3186 
 
 3210 
 
 3234 
 
 3259 
 
 3283 
 
 19 
 
 3307 
 
 3332 
 
 3356 
 
 3381 
 
 3406 
 
 3431 
 
 3455 
 
 3480 
 
 3505 
 
 3530 
 
 20 
 
 3556 
 
 3581 
 
 3606 
 
 3631 
 
 3657 
 
 3682 
 
 3708 
 
 3734 
 
 3759 
 
 3785 
 
 21 
 
 3811 
 
 3837 
 
 3863 
 
 3889 
 
 3915 
 
 3942 
 
 3968 
 
 3994 
 
 4021 
 
 4047 
 
 22 
 
 4074 
 
 4101 
 
 4128 
 
 4154 
 
 4181 
 
 4208 
 
 4235 
 
 4263 
 
 4290 
 
 4317 
 
 23 
 
 4344 
 
 4372 
 
 4399 
 
 4427 
 
 4455 
 
 4482 
 
 4510 
 
 4538 
 
 4566 
 
 4594 
 
 24 
 
 4622 
 
 4650 
 
 4679 
 
 4707 
 
 4735 
 
 4764 
 
 4792 
 
 4821 
 
 4850 
 
 4879 
 
 25 
 
 4907 
 
 4936 
 
 4965 
 
 4994 
 
 5024 
 
 5053 
 
 5082 
 
 5111 
 
 5141 
 
 5170 
 
 26 
 
 5200 
 
 5230 
 
 5259 
 
 5289 
 
 5319 
 
 5349 
 
 5379 
 
 5409 
 
 5439 
 
 5470 
 
 27 
 
 5500 
 
 5530 
 
 5561 
 
 5591 
 
 5622 
 
 5653 
 
 5684 
 
 5714 
 
 5745 
 
 5776 
 
 28 
 
 5807 
 
 5839 
 
 5870 
 
 5901 
 
 5932 
 
 5964 
 
 5995 
 
 6027 
 
 6059 
 
 6090 
 
 29 
 
 6122 
 
 6154 
 
 6186 
 
 6218 
 
 6250 
 
 6282 
 
 6315 
 
 6347 
 
 6379 
 
 6412 
 
 30 
 
 6444 
 
 6477 
 
 6510 
 
 6543 
 
 6575 
 
 6608 
 
 6641 
 
 6674 
 
 6708 
 
 6741 
 
 31 
 
 6774 
 
 6807 
 
 6841 
 
 6874 
 
 G908 
 
 6942 
 
 6975 
 
 7009 
 
 7043 
 
 7077 
 
 32 
 
 7111 
 
 7145 
 
 7179 
 
 7214 
 
 7248 
 
 7282 
 
 7317 
 
 7351 
 
 7386 
 
 7421 
 
 33 
 
 7456 
 
 7490 
 
 7525 
 
 7560 
 
 7595 
 
 7631 
 
 7666 
 
 7701 
 
 7736 
 
 7772 
 
 34 
 
 7807 
 
 7843 
 
 7879 
 
 7914 
 
 7950 
 
 7986 
 
 8022 
 
 8058 
 
 8094 
 
 8130 
 
 35 
 
 8167 
 
 8203 
 
 8239 
 
 8276 
 
 8312 
 
 8349 
 
 8386 
 
 8423 
 
 8459 
 
 8496 
 
 36 
 
 8533 
 
 8570 
 
 S^O* 
 
 8645 
 
 8682 
 
 8719 
 
 8757 
 
 8794 
 
 8832 
 
 8870 
 
 37 
 
 8907 
 
 8945 
 
 8983 
 
 9021 
 
 9059 
 
 9097 
 
 9135 
 
 9174 
 
 9212 
 
 9250 
 
 38 
 
 9289 
 
 9327 
 
 9366 
 
 9405 
 
 9444 
 
 9482 
 
 9521 
 
 9560 
 
 9599 
 
 9639 
 
 39 
 
 9678 
 
 9717 
 
 9756 
 
 9796 
 
 9835 
 
 9875 
 
 9915 
 
 9954 
 
 9994 
 
 10034 
 
 40 
 
 10074 
 
 10114 
 
 10154 
 
 10194 
 
 10235 
 
 10275 
 
 10315 
 
 10356 
 
 10396 
 
 10437 
 
 41 
 
 10478 
 
 10519 
 
 10559 
 
 10600 
 
 10641 
 
 10682 
 
 10724 
 
 10765 
 
 10806 
 
 10847 
 
 42 
 
 10889 
 
 10930 
 
 10972 
 
 11014 
 
 11055 
 
 11097 
 
 11139 
 
 11181 
 
 11223 
 
 11265 
 
 43 
 
 11307 
 
 11350 
 
 11392 
 
 11434 
 
 11477 
 
 11519 
 
 1 1562 
 
 11605 
 
 11648 
 
 11690 
 
 44 
 
 11733 
 
 11776 
 
 11819 
 
 11863 
 
 11906 
 
 11949 
 
 11992 
 
 12036 
 
 12079 
 
 12123 
 
 45 
 
 12167 
 
 12210 
 
 12254 
 
 12298 
 
 12342 
 
 12386 
 
 12430 
 
 12474 
 
 12519 
 
 12563 
 
 46 
 
 12607 
 
 12652 
 
 12696 
 
 12741 
 
 12786 
 
 12831 
 
 12875 
 
 12920 
 
 12965 
 
 13010 
 
 47 
 
 13056 
 
 13101 
 
 13146 
 
 13191 
 
 13237 
 
 13282 
 
 13328 
 
 13374 
 
 13419 
 
 13465 
 
 48 
 
 13511 
 
 13557 
 
 13603 
 
 13649 
 
 13695 
 
 13742 
 
 13788 
 
 13834 
 
 13881 
 
 13927 
 
 49 
 
 13974 
 
 14021 
 
 14068 
 
 14114 
 
 14161 
 
 14208 
 
 14255 
 
 14303 
 
 14350 
 
 14397 
 
 50 
 
 14444 
 
 14492 
 
 14539 
 
 14587 
 
 14635 
 
 14682 
 
 14730 
 
 14778 
 
 14826 
 
 14874 
 
 51 
 
 14922 
 
 14970 
 
 15019 
 
 15067 
 
 15115 
 
 15164 
 
 15212 
 
 15261 
 
 15310 
 
 15359 
 
 52 
 
 15407 
 
 15456 
 
 15505 
 
 15554 
 
 15604 
 
 15653 
 
 15702 
 
 15751 
 
 15801 
 
 15850 
 
 53 
 
 15900 
 
 15950 
 
 15999 
 
 16049 
 
 16099 
 
 16149 
 
 16199 
 
 16249 
 
 16299 
 
 16350 
 
 54 
 
 16400 
 
 16450 
 
 16501 
 
 16551 
 
 16602 
 
 16653 
 
 16704 
 
 16754 
 
 16805 
 
 16856 
 
 55 
 
 16907 
 
 16959 
 
 17010 
 
 17061 
 
 17112 
 
 17164 
 
 17215 
 
 17267 
 
 17319 
 
 17370 
 
 56 
 
 17422 
 
 17474 
 
 17526 
 
 17578 
 
 17630 
 
 17682 
 
 17735 
 
 17787 
 
 17839 
 
 17892 
 
 57 
 
 17944 
 
 17997 
 
 18050 
 
 18103 
 
 18155 
 
 18208 
 
 18261 
 
 18314 
 
 18368 
 
 18421 
 
 58 
 
 18474 
 
 18527 
 
 18581 
 
 18634 
 
 18688 
 
 18742 
 
 18795 
 
 18849 
 
 18903 
 
 18957 
 
 59 
 
 19011 
 
 19065 
 
 19119 
 
 19174 
 
 19228 
 
 19282 
 
 19337 
 
 19391 
 
 19446 
 
 19501 
 
 60 
 
 19556 
 
 19610 
 
 19665 
 
 19720 
 
 19775 
 
 19831 
 
 19886 
 
 19941 
 
 19996 
 
 20052 
 
 For continuation to 170 feet see table 15. 
 
Hi) 
 
29 
 
 TABLE 8. LEVEL CUTTINGS 
 Roadway 28 feet ivide, side-slopes l to 1, 
 
 Depth 
 in ft. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 ,- 
 
 8 
 
 9. 
 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 
 
 
 10-4 
 
 20-9 
 
 31-5 
 
 42-2 
 
 53-0 
 
 63-9 
 
 74-9 
 
 85-9 
 
 97-1 
 
 1 
 
 108-3 
 
 119-7 
 
 131-1 
 
 142-7 
 
 154-3 
 
 166-0 
 
 177-8 
 
 189-7 
 
 201-7 
 
 2138 
 
 2 
 
 225-9 
 
 238-2 
 
 250-6 
 
 263-0 
 
 275-6 
 
 288-2 
 
 301-0 
 
 313-8 
 
 326-7 
 
 339-8 
 
 3 
 
 352-8 
 
 366-0 
 
 379-3 
 
 392-7 
 
 406-2 
 
 419-8 
 
 433-4 
 
 447-2 
 
 461-1 
 
 475-0 
 
 4 
 
 488-9 
 
 503-0 
 
 517-3 
 
 531-6 
 
 546-0 
 
 560-5 
 
 575-1 
 
 589-8 
 
 604-6 
 
 619-5 
 
 5 
 
 634-4 
 
 649-5 
 
 664-7 
 
 679-9 
 
 695.3 
 
 710-7 
 
 726-2 
 
 741-9 
 
 757-6 
 
 773-4 
 
 6 
 
 788-9 
 
 804-9 
 
 821-0 
 
 837-2 
 
 853-4 
 
 869-8 
 
 886-3 
 
 902-8 
 
 919-5 
 
 9362 
 
 7 
 
 952-8 
 
 969-8 
 
 986-8 
 
 1004 
 
 1021 
 
 1038 
 
 1056 
 
 1073 
 
 1091 
 
 1109 
 
 8 
 
 1126 
 
 1144 
 
 1162 
 
 1180 
 
 1198 
 
 1216 
 
 1234 
 
 1252 
 
 1271 
 
 1289 
 
 9 
 
 1308 
 
 1327 
 
 1346 
 
 1365 
 
 1384 
 
 1403 
 
 1422 
 
 1442 
 
 1461 
 
 1481 
 
 10 
 
 1500 
 
 1520 
 
 1540 
 
 1559 
 
 1579 
 
 1599 
 
 1620 
 
 1610 
 
 1660 
 
 1681 
 
 11 
 
 1701 
 
 1722 
 
 1742 
 
 1763 
 
 1784 
 
 1805 
 
 1826 
 
 1847 
 
 1869 
 
 1890 
 
 12 
 
 1911 
 
 1933 
 
 1954 
 
 1976 
 
 1998 
 
 2020 
 
 2042 
 
 2064 
 
 2086 
 
 2109 
 
 13 
 
 2131 
 
 2153 
 
 2175 
 
 2198 
 
 2221 
 
 2244 
 
 2267 
 
 2290 
 
 2313 
 
 2336 
 
 14 
 
 2359 
 
 2382 
 
 2406 
 
 2429 
 
 2453 
 
 2477 
 
 2501 
 
 2525 
 
 2549 
 
 2573 
 
 15 
 
 2597 
 
 2622 
 
 2646 
 
 2671 
 
 2695 
 
 2720 
 
 2745 
 
 2770 
 
 2795 
 
 2820 
 
 16 
 
 2844 
 
 2870 
 
 2895 
 
 2921 
 
 2946 
 
 2971 
 
 2998 
 
 3023 
 
 3049 
 
 3075 
 
 17 
 
 3101 
 
 3127 
 
 3153 
 
 3180 
 
 3206 
 
 3233 
 
 3259 
 
 3286 
 
 3313 
 
 3340 
 
 18 
 
 3367 
 
 3393 
 
 3421 
 
 3448 
 
 3475 
 
 3503 
 
 3531 
 
 3558 
 
 3586 
 
 3614 
 
 19 
 
 3641 
 
 3669 
 
 3698 
 
 3726 
 
 3754 
 
 3782 
 
 3811 
 
 3840 
 
 3868 
 
 3897 
 
 20 
 
 3925 
 
 3954 
 
 3984 
 
 4013 
 
 4042 
 
 4071 
 
 4101 
 
 4130 
 
 4160 
 
 4189 
 
 21 
 
 4219 
 
 4249 
 
 4279 
 
 4309 
 
 4339 
 
 4369 
 
 4399 
 
 4430 
 
 4460 
 
 4491 
 
 22 
 
 4522 
 
 4553 
 
 4584 
 
 4615 
 
 4646 
 
 4677 
 
 4708 
 
 4740 
 
 4771 
 
 4803 
 
 23 
 
 4834 
 
 4866 
 
 4898 
 
 4930 
 
 4962 
 
 4994 
 
 5026 
 
 5058 
 
 5091 
 
 5123 
 
 24 
 
 5156 
 
 5188 
 
 5221 
 
 5254 
 
 5287 
 
 5320 
 
 5353 
 
 5386 
 
 5419 
 
 5453 
 
 25 
 
 5486 
 
 5520 
 
 5553 
 
 5587 
 
 5621 
 
 5655 
 
 5689 
 
 5723 
 
 5757 
 
 5791 
 
 26 
 
 5826 
 
 5860 
 
 5895 
 
 5930 
 
 5964 
 
 5999 
 
 6034 
 
 6069 
 
 6104 
 
 6140 
 
 27 
 
 6175 
 
 6210 
 
 6246 
 
 6282 
 
 6317 
 
 6353 
 
 6389 
 
 6425 
 
 6461 
 
 6497 
 
 28 
 
 6533 
 
 6570 
 
 6606 
 
 6643 
 
 6679 
 
 6716 
 
 6753 
 
 6790 
 
 6827 
 
 6864 
 
 29 
 
 6901 
 
 6938 
 
 6976 
 
 7013 
 
 7051 
 
 7088 
 
 7126 
 
 7164 
 
 7202 
 
 7240 
 
 30 
 
 7278 
 
 7316 
 
 7354 
 
 7393 
 
 7431 
 
 7470 
 
 7508 
 
 7547 
 
 7586 
 
 7625 
 
 31 
 
 7664 
 
 7703 
 
 7742 
 
 7781 
 
 7821 
 
 7860 
 
 7900 
 
 7940 
 
 7979 
 
 8019 
 
 32 
 
 8059 
 
 8099 
 
 8139 
 
 8180 
 
 8220 
 
 8260 
 
 8301 
 
 8341 
 
 8382 
 
 8423 
 
 33 
 
 8464 
 
 8505 
 
 8546 
 
 8587 
 
 8628 
 
 8669 
 
 8711 
 
 8752 
 
 8794 
 
 8836 
 
 34 
 
 8878 
 
 8920 
 
 8962 
 
 9004 
 
 9046 
 
 9088 
 
 9131 
 
 9173 
 
 9216 
 
 9258 
 
 35 
 
 9301 
 
 9344 
 
 9387 
 
 9430 
 
 9473 
 
 9516 
 
 9559 
 
 9603 
 
 9646 
 
 9689 
 
 36 
 
 9733 
 
 9777 
 
 9821 
 
 9865 
 
 9909 
 
 9953 
 
 9997 
 
 10041 
 
 10086 
 
 10130 ' 
 
 37 
 
 10175 
 
 10220 
 
 10264 
 
 10309 
 
 10354 
 
 10399 
 
 10445 
 
 10490 
 
 10535 
 
 10580 
 
 38 
 
 10626 
 
 10672 
 
 10717 
 
 10763 
 
 10809 
 
 10855 
 
 10901 
 
 10947 
 
 10993 
 
 11040 
 
 39 
 
 11086 
 
 11133 
 
 11179 
 
 11226 
 
 11273 
 
 11320 
 
 11367 
 
 11414 
 
 11461 
 
 11508 
 
 40 
 
 11556 
 
 11603 
 
 11651 
 
 11698 
 
 11746 
 
 11794 
 
 11842 
 
 11890 
 
 11938 
 
 11986 
 
 41 
 
 12035 
 
 12083 
 
 12131 
 
 12180 
 
 12228 
 
 12277 
 
 12326 
 
 12375 
 
 12424 
 
 12473 
 
 42 
 
 12522 
 
 12572 
 
 12621 
 
 12671 
 
 12720 
 
 12770 
 
 12819 
 
 12869 
 
 12919 
 
 12969 
 
 43 
 
 13019 
 
 13069 
 
 13120 
 
 13171 
 
 13221 
 
 13272 
 
 13322 
 
 13373 
 
 13424 
 
 13475 
 
 44 
 
 13526 
 
 13577 
 
 13628 
 
 13680 
 
 13731 
 
 13782 
 
 13834 
 
 13886 
 
 13938 
 
 13990 
 
 45 
 
 14042 
 
 14094 
 
 14146 
 
 14198 
 
 14251 
 
 14303 
 
 14356 
 
 14408 
 
 14461 
 
 14514 
 
 46 
 
 14567 
 
 14620 
 
 14673 
 
 14726 
 
 14779 
 
 14833 
 
 14886 
 
 14940 
 
 14993 
 
 15047 
 
 47 
 
 15101 
 
 15155 
 
 15209 
 
 15263 
 
 15317 
 
 15372 
 
 15426 
 
 15480 
 
 15535 
 
 15590 
 
 48 
 
 15644 
 
 15699 
 
 15754 
 
 15810 
 
 15864 
 
 15920 
 
 15975 
 
 16030 
 
 16086 
 
 16142 
 
 49 
 
 16197 
 
 16253 
 
 16309 
 
 16365 
 
 16421 
 
 16477 
 
 16533 
 
 16590 
 
 16646 
 
 16703 
 
 50 
 
 16759 
 
 16816 
 
 16873 
 
 16930 
 
 16987 
 
 17044 
 
 17101 
 
 17158 
 
 17216 
 
 17273 
 
 51 
 
 17331 
 
 17388 
 
 17446 
 
 17504 
 
 17562 
 
 17620 
 
 17678 
 
 17736 
 
 17794 
 
 17853 
 
 52 
 
 17911 
 
 17970 
 
 18028 
 
 18087 
 
 18146 
 
 18205 
 
 18264 
 
 18323 
 
 18382 
 
 18442 
 
 53 
 
 18500 
 
 18560 
 
 18620 
 
 18680 
 
 18739 
 
 18799 
 
 18859 
 
 18919 
 
 18980 
 
 19040 
 
 54 
 
 19100 
 
 19160 
 
 19220 
 
 19282 
 
 19342 
 
 19403 
 
 19464 
 
 19525 
 
 19586 
 
 19647 
 
 55 
 
 19708 
 
 19770 
 
 19831 
 
 19893 
 
 19954 
 
 20016 
 
 20078 
 
 20140 
 
 20202 
 
 20264 
 
 56 
 
 20326 
 
 20388 
 
 20451 
 
 20513 
 
 20576 
 
 20639 
 
 20701 
 
 20764 
 
 20827 
 
 20890 
 
 57 
 
 20953 
 
 21016 
 
 21079 
 
 21143 
 
 21206 
 
 212,70 
 
 21333 
 
 21397 
 
 21461 
 
 21525 
 
 58 
 
 21589 21653 
 
 21717 
 
 21782 
 
 21846 
 
 21911 
 
 21975 
 
 22040 
 
 22104 
 
 22169 
 
 59 
 
 22234 
 
 22299 
 
 22364 
 
 22430 
 
 22495 
 
 22561 
 
 22626 
 
 22692 
 
 22758 
 
 22823 
 
 60 
 
 22889 
 
 22955 
 
 23021 
 
 23087 
 
 23153 
 
 23220 
 
 23286 
 
 23353 
 
 23419 
 
 23486 
 
 For continuation to 170 feet see Table 15. 
 
30 
 
 TABLE 9. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 
 Roadway 28 feet wide, side-slopes 1^ to 1. 
 
 Depth 
 in ft. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 
 
 
 10-4 
 
 21-0 
 
 31-6 
 
 42-4 
 
 53-2 
 
 64-2 
 
 75-3 
 
 86-5 
 
 97-9 
 
 1 
 
 109-3 
 
 120-8 
 
 132-5 
 
 144-3 
 
 156-1 
 
 168-1 
 
 180-2 
 
 192-4 
 
 204-8 217-2 
 
 2 
 
 229-6 
 
 242-3 
 
 255-0 
 
 267-9 
 
 280-9 
 
 294-0 
 
 307-2 320-5 
 
 334-01 347-5 
 
 3 
 
 361-2 
 
 374-9 
 
 388-8 
 
 402-8 
 
 416-9 
 
 431-1 
 
 445-4 
 
 459-9 
 
 474-4 
 
 489-1 
 
 4 
 
 503-7 
 
 518-6 
 
 533-6 
 
 548-6 
 
 563-9 
 
 579-3 
 
 594-7 
 
 610-2 
 
 625.8 
 
 641-6 
 
 5 
 
 657-5 
 
 673-4 
 
 689-5 
 
 705-7 
 
 722-1 
 
 738-5 
 
 755-0 
 
 771-7 
 
 788-4 
 
 805-3 
 
 6 
 
 822-2 
 
 839-3 
 
 856-5 
 
 873-8 
 
 891-2 
 
 908-8 
 
 926-4 
 
 944-2 
 
 962-0 
 
 980-0 
 
 7 
 
 998-1 
 
 1016 
 
 1035 
 
 1053 
 
 1072 
 
 1090 
 
 1109 
 
 1128 
 
 1147 
 
 1166 
 
 8 
 
 1185 
 
 1204 
 
 1224 
 
 1243 
 
 1263 
 
 1283 
 
 1303 
 
 1322 
 
 1343 
 
 1363 
 
 9 
 
 1383 
 
 1403 
 
 1424 
 
 1445 
 
 1465 
 
 1486 
 
 1507 
 
 1528 
 
 1549 
 
 1571 
 
 10 
 
 1592 
 
 1614 
 
 1635 
 
 1657 
 
 1679 
 
 1701 
 
 1723 
 
 1745 
 
 1767 
 
 1790 
 
 11 
 
 1812 
 
 1835 
 
 1858 
 
 1881 
 
 1904 
 
 1927 
 
 1950 
 
 1973 
 
 1997 
 
 2020 
 
 12 
 
 2044 
 
 2068 
 
 2092 
 
 2116 
 
 2140 
 
 2164 
 
 2189 
 
 2213 
 
 2238 
 
 2262 
 
 13 
 
 2287 
 
 2312 
 
 2337 
 
 2362 
 
 2387 
 
 2413 
 
 2438 
 
 2464 
 
 2489 
 
 2515 
 
 H 
 
 2541 
 
 2567 
 
 2593 
 
 2619 
 
 2645 
 
 2672 
 
 2698 
 
 2725 
 
 2752 
 
 2779 
 
 15 
 
 2806 
 
 2833 
 
 2860 
 
 2887 
 
 2915 
 
 2942 
 
 2970 
 
 2997 
 
 3025 
 
 3053 
 
 16 
 
 3081 
 
 3109 
 
 3138 
 
 3166 
 
 3195 
 
 3223 
 
 3252 
 
 3281 
 
 3310 
 
 3339 
 
 17 
 
 3368 
 
 3397 
 
 3427 
 
 3456 
 
 3486 
 
 3516 
 
 3546 
 
 3576 
 
 3606 
 
 3636 
 
 18 
 
 3667 
 
 3697 
 
 3728 
 
 3758 
 
 3789 
 
 3820 
 
 3851 
 
 3882 
 
 3913 
 
 3944 
 
 19 
 
 3976 
 
 4007 
 
 4039 
 
 4070 
 
 4102 
 
 4134 
 
 4166 
 
 4198 
 
 4231 
 
 4263 
 
 20 
 
 4296 
 
 4328 
 
 4361 
 
 4394 
 
 4427 
 
 4460 
 
 4493 
 
 4527 
 
 4560 
 
 4594 
 
 21 
 
 4627 
 
 4661 
 
 4695 
 
 4729 
 
 4763 
 
 4797 
 
 4832 
 
 4866 
 
 4900 
 
 4935 
 
 22 
 
 4970 
 
 5005 
 
 5040 
 
 5075 
 
 5111 ; 
 
 5146 
 
 5181 
 
 5217 
 
 5253 
 
 5288 
 
 23 
 
 5324 
 
 5360 
 
 5396 
 
 5432 
 
 5469 
 
 5505 
 
 5542 
 
 5578 
 
 5615 
 
 5652 
 
 24 
 
 5689 
 
 5726 
 
 5763 
 
 5800 
 
 5838 
 
 5875 
 
 5913 
 
 5951 
 
 5989 
 
 6027 
 
 25 
 
 6065 
 
 6103 
 
 6141 
 
 6179 
 
 6218 
 
 6257 
 
 6295 
 
 6334 
 
 6373 
 
 6412 
 
 26 
 
 6451 
 
 6491 
 
 6530 
 
 6570 
 
 6609 
 
 6649 
 
 6689 
 
 6729 
 
 6769 
 
 6809 
 
 27 
 
 6850 
 
 6890 
 
 6931 
 
 6971 
 
 7012 
 
 7053 
 
 7094 
 
 7135 
 
 7176 
 
 7217 
 
 28 
 
 7259 
 
 7300 
 
 7342 
 
 7384 
 
 7426 
 
 7468 
 
 7510 
 
 7552 
 
 7594 
 
 7637 
 
 29 
 
 7680 
 
 7722 
 
 7765 
 
 7808 
 
 7851 
 
 7894 
 
 7937 
 
 7981 
 
 8024 
 
 8067 
 
 30 
 
 8111 
 
 8155 
 
 8199 
 
 8243 
 
 8287 
 
 8331 
 
 8375 
 
 8420 
 
 8464 
 
 8509 
 
 31 
 
 8554 
 
 8598 
 
 8643 
 
 8688 
 
 8734 
 
 8779 
 
 8824 
 
 8870 
 
 8915 
 
 8961 
 
 32 
 
 9007 
 
 9053 
 
 9099 
 
 9145 
 
 9191 
 
 9238 
 
 9284 
 
 9331 
 
 9378 
 
 9425 
 
 33 
 
 9472 
 
 9519 
 
 9566 
 
 9613 
 
 9661 
 
 9708 
 
 9756 
 
 9804 
 
 9851 
 
 9900 
 
 34 
 
 9948 
 
 9997 
 
 10045 
 
 10093 
 
 10142 
 
 10190 
 
 10239 
 
 10288 
 
 10337 
 
 10386 
 
 35 
 
 10435 
 
 10484 
 
 10534 
 
 10583 
 
 10633. 
 
 10683 
 
 10732 
 
 10782 
 
 10832 1 10882 
 
 36 
 
 10933 
 
 10983 
 
 11034 
 
 11084 
 
 11135 
 
 11186 
 
 11237 
 
 11288 
 
 11339 
 
 11391 
 
 37 
 
 11443 
 
 11494 
 
 11546 
 
 11598 
 
 11649 
 
 11701 
 
 11753 
 
 11806 
 
 11858 
 
 11910 
 
 38 
 
 11963 
 
 12016 
 
 12068 
 
 12121 
 
 12174 
 
 12227 
 
 12281 
 
 12334 
 
 12387 
 
 12441 
 
 39 
 
 12494 
 
 12548 
 
 12602 
 
 12656 
 
 12710 
 
 12764 
 
 12819 
 
 12873 
 
 12928 
 
 12982 
 
 40 
 
 13037 
 
 13092 
 
 13147 
 
 13202 
 
 13257 
 
 13312 
 
 13368 
 
 13423 
 
 13479 
 
 13535 
 
 41 
 
 13591 
 
 13647 
 
 13703 
 
 13759 
 
 13815 
 
 13872 
 
 13928 
 
 13985 
 
 14042 
 
 14099 
 
 42 
 
 14156 
 
 14213 
 
 14270 
 
 14327 
 
 14385 
 
 14442 
 
 14500 
 
 14558 
 
 14615 
 
 14673 
 
 43 
 
 14731 
 
 14790 
 
 14848 
 
 14906 
 
 14965 
 
 15024 
 
 15082 
 
 15141 
 
 15200 
 
 15259 
 
 44 
 
 15318 
 
 15378 
 
 15437 
 
 15497 
 
 15556 
 
 15616 
 
 15676 
 
 15736 
 
 15796 
 
 15856 
 
 45 
 
 15917 
 
 15977 
 
 16038 
 
 16098 
 
 16159 
 
 16220 
 
 16281 
 
 16342 
 
 16403 
 
 16465 
 
 46 
 
 16526 
 
 16587 
 
 16649 
 
 16711 
 
 16773 
 
 16835 
 
 16897 
 
 16959 
 
 17021 
 
 17084 
 
 47 
 
 17146 
 
 17209 
 
 17272 
 
 17335 
 
 17398 
 
 17461 
 
 17524 
 
 17587 
 
 17651 
 
 17714 
 
 48 
 
 17778 
 
 17842 
 
 17905 
 
 17969 
 
 18033 
 
 18098 
 
 18162 
 
 18226 
 
 18291 
 
 18356 
 
 49 
 
 18420 
 
 18485 
 
 18550 
 
 18615 
 
 18680 
 
 18746 
 
 18811 
 
 18877 
 
 18942 
 
 1900M 
 
 50 
 
 19074 
 
 19140 
 
 19206 
 
 19272 
 
 19339 
 
 19405 
 
 19472 
 
 19538 
 
 19605 
 
 1 9672 
 
 51 
 
 19739 
 
 19806 
 
 19873 
 
 19940 
 
 20008 
 
 20075 
 
 20143 
 
 20211 
 
 20279 
 
 20347 
 
 52 
 
 20415 
 
 20483 
 
 20551 
 
 20620 
 
 20688 
 
 20757 
 
 20826 
 
 20894 
 
 20963 
 
 21032 
 
 53 
 
 21102 
 
 21171 
 
 21241 
 
 21310 
 
 21380 
 
 21450 
 
 21519 
 
 21589 
 
 21659 
 
 21730 
 
 54 
 
 21800 
 
 21870 
 
 21941 
 
 22012 
 
 22082 
 
 22153 
 
 22224 
 
 22295 
 
 22366 
 
 22438 
 
 55 
 
 22509 
 
 22581 
 
 22652 
 
 22724 
 
 22796 
 
 22868 
 
 22940 
 
 23012 
 
 23085 
 
 23157 
 
 56 
 
 23230 
 
 23302 
 
 23375 
 
 23448 
 
 23521 
 
 23594 
 
 23667 
 
 23741 
 
 23814 
 
 23888 
 
 57 
 
 23961 
 
 24035 
 
 24109 
 
 24183 
 
 24257 
 
 24331 
 
 24405 
 
 24480 
 
 24554 
 
 24629 
 
 58 
 
 24704 
 
 24779 
 
 24854 
 
 24929 
 
 25004 
 
 25079 
 
 25155 
 
 25230 
 
 25306 
 
 25381 
 
 59 
 
 25457 
 
 25533 
 
 25609 
 
 25686 
 
 25762 
 
 25838 
 
 25915 
 
 25992 
 
 26068 
 
 26145 
 
 60 
 
 26222 
 
 26299 
 
 26376 
 
 26454 
 
 26531 
 
 26609 
 
 26686 
 
 26764 
 
 26842 
 
 26920 
 
 For continuation to 170 feet see table 15. 
 
(ill 
 
 10 
 
 ^ 
 
 ' s^f-'S>(s&/^ SIDE - SLOPE Slltol. 
 
 v/ /// V**" tr*S' jF-"/jSr ^X/ 
 
 For KrcaYiTtitm . 
 
 ^-r^L< 
 
./0SP3% 
 
SIDE-SLOPES 2tol. 
 
 ROADWAY 2 8 FT 
 
 Far Excavation/. 
 
31 
 
 TABLK 10. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 
 Roadway 28 feet wide, side-slopes 2 to 
 
 Depth 
 inrt. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 :u. yds. 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 :u. yds. 
 
 :u. yds. 
 
 u. vds. 
 
 u. yds. 
 
 
 
 
 10-4 
 
 21-0 
 
 31-8 
 
 42-7 
 
 53-7 
 
 64-9 
 
 76-2 
 
 87-7 
 
 99-3 
 
 1 
 
 111-1 
 
 123-0 
 
 135-1 
 
 147-3 
 
 159-7 
 
 172-2 
 
 184-9 
 
 197-7 
 
 210-7 
 
 223-8 
 
 2 
 
 237-0 
 
 250-4 
 
 264-0 
 
 277-7 
 
 291-6 
 
 305-6 
 
 319-7 
 
 334-0 
 
 348-4 
 
 363-0 
 
 3 
 
 377-8 
 
 392-7 
 
 407-7 
 
 422-9 
 
 438-2 
 
 453-7 
 
 469-3 
 
 485-1 
 
 501-0 
 
 517-1 
 
 4 
 
 533-3 
 
 549-7 
 
 566-2 
 
 582-9 
 
 599-7 
 
 616-6 
 
 633-7 
 
 651-0 
 
 668-4 
 
 686-0 
 
 5 
 
 703-7 
 
 721-5 
 
 739-5 
 
 757-7 
 
 776-0 
 
 794-4 
 
 813-0 
 
 831-7 
 
 850-6 
 
 869-6 
 
 6 
 
 888-9 
 
 908-2 
 
 927-7 
 
 948-3 
 
 968-1 
 
 988-1 
 
 1008 
 
 1028 
 
 1049 
 
 1069 
 
 7 
 
 1090 
 
 1111 
 
 1132 
 
 1153 
 
 1174 
 
 1195 
 
 1217 
 
 1239 
 
 1260 
 
 1282 
 
 8 
 
 1305 
 
 1327 
 
 1349 
 
 1372 
 
 1391 
 
 1417 
 
 1440 
 
 1464 
 
 1487 
 
 1510 
 
 9 
 
 1533 
 
 1557 
 
 1581 
 
 1605 
 
 1629 
 
 1654 
 
 1678 
 
 1703 
 
 1728 
 
 1753 
 
 10 
 
 1778 
 
 1803 
 
 1828 
 
 1854 
 
 1880 
 
 1905 
 
 1931 
 
 1958 
 
 1984 
 
 2010 
 
 11 
 
 2037 
 
 2064 
 
 2091 
 
 2118 
 
 2145 
 
 2172 
 
 2200 
 
 2227 
 
 2255 
 
 2283 
 
 12 
 
 2311 
 
 2339 
 
 2368 
 
 2396 
 
 2425 
 
 2454 
 
 2483 
 
 2512 
 
 2541 
 
 2570 
 
 13 
 
 2600 
 
 2630 
 
 2659 
 
 2689 
 
 2720 
 
 2750 
 
 2780 
 
 2811 
 
 2842 
 
 2873 
 
 14 
 
 2904 
 
 2935 
 
 2966 
 
 2998 
 
 3029 
 
 3061 
 
 3093 
 
 3125 
 
 3157 
 
 3190 
 
 15 
 
 3222 
 
 3255 
 
 3288 
 
 3321 
 
 3354 
 
 3387 
 
 3420 
 
 3454 
 
 3488 
 
 3521 
 
 16 
 
 3555 
 
 3590 
 
 3624 
 
 3658 
 
 3693 
 
 3728 
 
 3763 
 
 3798 
 
 3833 
 
 3868 
 
 17 
 
 3904 
 
 3939 
 
 3975 
 
 4011 
 
 4047 
 
 4083 
 
 4120 
 
 4156 
 
 4193 
 
 4230 
 
 18 
 
 4267 
 
 4304 
 
 4341 
 
 4378 
 
 4416 
 
 4454 
 
 4492 
 
 4529 
 
 4568 
 
 4606 
 
 19 
 
 4644 
 
 4683 
 
 4722 
 
 4761 
 
 4800 
 
 4839 
 
 4878 
 
 4918 
 
 4957 
 
 4997 
 
 20 
 
 5037 
 
 5077 
 
 5117 
 
 5158 
 
 5198 
 
 5239 
 
 5280 
 
 5321 
 
 5362 
 
 5403 
 
 21 
 
 5444 
 
 5486 
 
 5528 
 
 5570 
 
 5612 
 
 5654 
 
 5696 
 
 5738 
 
 5781 
 
 5824 
 
 22 
 
 5867 
 
 5910 
 
 5953 
 
 5996 
 
 6040 
 
 6083 
 
 6127 
 
 6171 
 
 6215 
 
 6259 
 
 23 
 
 6303 
 
 6348 
 
 6393 
 
 6438 
 
 6483 
 
 6528 
 
 6573 
 
 6618 
 
 6664 
 
 6710 
 
 24 
 
 6756 
 
 6802 
 
 6848 
 
 6894 
 
 6941 
 
 6987 
 
 7034 
 
 7081 
 
 7128 
 
 7175 
 
 25 
 
 7222 
 
 7270 
 
 7317 
 
 7365 
 
 7413 
 
 7461 
 
 7509 
 
 7558 
 
 7606 
 
 7655 
 
 26 
 
 7704 
 
 7753 
 
 7802 
 
 7851 
 
 7900 
 
 7950 
 
 8000 
 
 8049 
 
 8099 
 
 8150 
 
 27 
 
 8200 
 
 8250 
 
 8301 
 
 8352 
 
 8403 
 
 8454 
 
 8505 
 
 8556 
 
 8608 
 
 8659 
 
 28 
 
 8711 
 
 8763 
 
 8815 
 
 8867 
 
 8920 
 
 8972 
 
 9025 
 
 9078 
 
 9131 
 
 9184 
 
 29 
 
 9237 
 
 0290 
 
 9344 
 
 9398 
 
 9451 
 
 9506 
 
 9560 
 
 9614 
 
 9668 
 
 9723 
 
 30 
 
 9778 
 
 9833 
 
 9888 
 
 9943 
 
 9998 
 
 10054 
 
 10109 
 
 10165 
 
 10221 
 
 10277 
 
 31 
 
 10333 
 
 10390 
 
 10446 
 
 10503 
 
 10560 
 
 10617 
 
 10674 
 
 10731 
 
 10788 
 
 10846 
 
 32 
 
 10904 
 
 10961 
 
 11019 
 
 11078 
 
 11136 
 
 11194 
 
 11253 
 
 11312 
 
 11371 
 
 11430 
 
 33 
 
 11489 
 
 11548 
 
 11608 
 
 11667 
 
 11727 
 
 11787 
 
 11847 
 
 11907 
 
 119fi8 
 
 12028 
 
 34 
 
 12089 
 
 12150 
 
 12211 
 
 12272 
 
 12333 
 
 12394 
 
 12456 
 
 12518 
 
 12580 
 
 12642 
 
 | 35 
 
 12704 
 
 12766 
 
 12828 
 
 12891 
 
 12954 
 
 13017 
 
 13080 
 
 13143 
 
 13206 
 
 13270 
 
 36 * 13333 
 
 13397 
 
 13461 
 
 13525 
 
 13589 
 
 13654 
 
 13718 
 
 13783 
 
 13848 
 
 13913 
 
 37 
 
 13978 
 
 14043 
 
 14108 
 
 14174 
 
 14240 
 
 14305 
 
 14371 
 
 14438 
 
 14504 
 
 14570 
 
 38 
 
 14637 
 
 14704 
 
 14770 
 
 14838 
 
 14905 
 
 14972 
 
 15040 
 
 15107 
 
 15175 
 
 15243 
 
 39 
 
 15311 
 
 15379 
 
 15448 
 
 15516 
 
 15585 
 
 15654 
 
 15723 
 
 15792 
 
 15861 
 
 15930 
 
 40 
 
 16000 
 
 16070 
 
 16140 
 
 16210 
 
 16280 
 
 16350 
 
 16420 
 
 16491 
 
 16562 
 
 16633 
 
 41 
 
 16704 
 
 16775 
 
 16846 
 
 16918 
 
 16989 
 
 17061 
 
 17133 
 
 17205 
 
 17277 
 
 17350 
 
 42 
 
 17422 
 
 17495 
 
 17568 
 
 17641 
 
 17714 17787 
 
 17860 
 
 17934 
 
 18008 
 
 18081 
 
 43 
 
 18156 
 
 18230 
 
 18304 
 
 18378 
 
 18453 
 
 18528 
 
 18603 
 
 18678 
 
 18753 
 
 18828 
 
 44 
 
 18904 
 
 18979 
 
 19055 
 
 19131 
 
 19207 
 
 19283 
 
 19360 
 
 19436 
 
 19513 
 
 19590 
 
 45 
 
 19667 
 
 19744 
 
 19821 
 
 19898 
 
 19976 
 
 20054 
 
 20132 
 
 20210 
 
 20288 
 
 20366 
 
 46 
 
 20444 
 
 20523 
 
 20602 
 
 20681 
 
 20760 
 
 20839 
 
 20918 
 
 20998 
 
 21077 
 
 21157 
 
 47 
 
 21237 
 
 21317 
 
 21397 
 
 21478 
 
 21558 
 
 21639 
 
 21720 
 
 21801 
 
 21882 
 
 21963 
 
 48 
 
 22044 
 
 22126 
 
 22208 
 
 22290 
 
 22372 
 
 22454 
 
 22536 
 
 22618 
 
 22701 
 
 22784 
 
 49 
 
 22867 
 
 22950 
 
 23033 
 
 23116 
 
 23200 
 
 23283 
 
 23367 
 
 23451 
 
 23535 
 
 23619 
 
 50 
 
 23704 
 
 23788 
 
 23873 
 
 23958 
 
 24043 
 
 24128 
 
 24213 
 
 24298 
 
 24384 
 
 24470 
 
 51 
 
 24556 
 
 24642 
 
 24728 
 
 24814 
 
 24900 
 
 24987 
 
 25074 
 
 25161 
 
 25248 
 
 25335 
 
 52 
 
 25422 
 
 25510 
 
 25597 
 
 25865 
 
 25773 
 
 25861 
 
 25949 
 
 26038 
 
 26126 
 
 26215 
 
 53 
 
 26304 
 
 26393 
 
 26482 
 
 26571 
 
 26660 
 
 26750 
 
 26840 
 
 26930 
 
 27020 
 
 27110 
 
 54 
 
 27200 
 
 27290 
 
 27381 
 
 27472 
 
 27563 
 
 27654 
 
 27745 
 
 27836 
 
 27928 
 
 28019 
 
 55 
 
 28111 
 
 28203 
 
 28295 
 
 28387 
 
 28480 
 
 28572 
 
 28665 
 
 28758 
 
 28851 
 
 2894-1 
 
 56 
 
 29037 
 
 29130 
 
 29224 
 
 29318 
 
 29412 
 
 29506 
 
 29600 
 
 29694 
 
 29788 
 
 29883 
 
 57 
 
 29978 
 
 30073 
 
 30168 
 
 30263 
 
 30358 
 
 30454 
 
 30549 
 
 30645 
 
 30741 
 
 30837 
 
 58 
 
 30933 
 
 31030 
 
 31126 
 
 31223 
 
 31320 
 
 31417 
 
 31514 
 
 31611 
 
 31708 
 
 31806 
 
 59 
 
 31904 
 
 32002 
 
 32100 
 
 32198 
 
 32296 
 
 32394 
 
 32493 
 
 32592 
 
 32691 
 
 32790 
 
 60 ! 32889 
 
 3?O^K 
 
 330S 
 
 33187 
 
 33287 
 
 3;J387 
 
 33487 
 
 33587 
 
 33688 
 
 33788 
 
 For continuation tc 170 feet see table 16. 
 
32 
 
 TABLE 11. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 Roadway IS feet wide, side-slopes, $ to 1. 
 
 Depth 
 in ft. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7. 
 
 8 
 
 9 i 
 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu.yds. 
 
 cu.yds.l 
 
 
 
 
 6-68 
 
 13-4 
 
 20-1 
 
 26-8 
 
 33-6 
 
 40-3 
 
 47-1 
 
 53-9 
 
 60-8 
 
 1 
 
 67-6 
 
 74-5 
 
 81-3 
 
 88-2 
 
 95-1 
 
 102-1 
 
 109-0 
 
 116-0 
 
 123-0 
 
 130-0 
 
 2 
 
 137-0 
 
 144-1 
 
 151-1 
 
 158-2 
 
 165-3 
 
 172-4 
 
 179-5 
 
 186-7 
 
 193-9 
 
 201-0 
 
 3 
 
 208-2 
 
 215-5 
 
 222-7 
 
 230-0 
 
 237-2 
 
 244-5 
 
 251-9 
 
 259-2 
 
 266-5 
 
 274-0 
 
 4 
 
 281-5 
 
 288-9 
 
 296-3 
 
 303-8 
 
 311-3 
 
 318-8 
 
 326-3 
 
 333-8 
 
 341-3 
 
 348-9 
 
 5 
 
 356-5 
 
 364-1 
 
 371-7 
 
 379-3 
 
 387-0 
 
 394-7 
 
 402-4 
 
 410-1 
 
 417-8 
 
 425-6, 
 
 6 
 
 433-3 
 
 441-1 
 
 448-9 
 
 456-7 
 
 464-6 
 
 472-5 
 
 480-3 
 
 488-2 
 
 496-1 
 
 504- 1, 
 
 7 
 
 512-0 
 
 520-0 
 
 528-0 
 
 536-0 
 
 544-1 
 
 552-1 
 
 560-2 
 
 568-3 
 
 576-4 
 
 584-0 
 
 8 
 
 592-6 
 
 600-8 
 
 608-9 
 
 617-1 
 
 625-3 
 
 633-6 
 
 641-8 
 
 650-1 
 
 658-4 
 
 666-7 
 
 9 
 
 675-0 
 
 683-3 
 
 691-7 
 
 700-1 
 
 708-5 
 
 716-9 
 
 725-3 
 
 733-8 
 
 742-3 
 
 750-7 
 
 10 
 
 759-3 
 
 767-8 
 
 776-3 
 
 784-9 
 
 793-5 
 
 802-1 
 
 810-7 
 
 819-3 
 
 828-0 
 
 836-7 
 
 11 
 
 845-4 
 
 854-1 
 
 862-8 
 
 871-6 
 
 880-3 
 
 889-1 
 
 897-9 
 
 906-7 
 
 915-6 
 
 924-4 
 
 12 
 
 933-3 
 
 942-2 
 
 951-1 
 
 960-1 
 
 969-0 
 
 978-0 
 
 987-0 
 
 996-0 
 
 1005 
 
 1014 
 
 13 
 
 1023 
 
 1032 
 
 1041 
 
 1050 
 
 1060 
 
 1069 
 
 1078 
 
 1087 
 
 1096 
 
 1106 
 
 14 
 
 1115 
 
 1124 
 
 1133 
 
 1143 
 
 1152 
 
 1161 
 
 1171 
 
 1180 
 
 1189 
 
 1199 
 
 15 
 
 1208 
 
 1218 
 
 1227 
 
 1237 
 
 1246 
 
 1256 
 
 1265 
 
 1275 
 
 1284 
 
 1294 
 
 16 
 
 1304 
 
 1313 
 
 1323 
 
 1333 
 
 1342 
 
 1352 
 
 1362 
 
 1372 
 
 1381 
 
 1391 
 
 17 
 
 1401 
 
 1411 
 
 1421 
 
 1430 
 
 1440 
 
 1450 
 
 1460 
 
 1470 
 
 1480 
 
 1490 
 
 18 
 
 1500 
 
 1510 
 
 1520 
 
 1530 
 
 1540 
 
 1550 
 
 1560 
 
 1570 
 
 1580 
 
 1591 
 
 19 
 
 1601 
 
 1611 
 
 1621 
 
 1631 
 
 1642 
 
 1652 
 
 1662 
 
 1672 
 
 16S3 
 
 1693 
 
 20 
 
 1703 
 
 1714 
 
 1724 
 
 1735 
 
 1745 
 
 1755 
 
 1766 
 
 1777 
 
 1787 
 
 1798 
 
 21 
 
 1808 
 
 1818 
 
 1829 
 
 1840 
 
 1850 
 
 1861 
 
 1872 
 
 1883 
 
 1894 
 
 1905 
 
 22 
 
 1916 
 
 1926 
 
 1937 
 
 1947 
 
 1958 
 
 1969 
 
 1980 
 
 1991 
 
 2002 
 
 2013 
 
 23 
 
 2024 
 
 2035 
 
 2046 
 
 2057 
 
 2068 
 
 2079 
 
 2090 
 
 2101 
 
 2111 
 
 2122 
 
 24 
 
 2133 
 
 2144 
 
 2156 
 
 2167 
 
 2178 
 
 2189 
 
 2200 
 
 2212 
 
 2223 
 
 2234 
 
 25 
 
 2245 
 
 2256 
 
 2268 
 
 2279 
 
 2290 
 
 2301 
 
 2313 
 
 2324 
 
 2336 
 
 2347 
 
 26 
 
 2359 
 
 2371 
 
 2382 
 
 2394 
 
 2406 
 
 2417 
 
 2429 
 
 2440 
 
 2452 
 
 2464 
 
 27 
 
 2475 
 
 2486 
 
 2498 
 
 2510 
 
 2521 
 
 2533 
 
 2545 
 
 2557 
 
 2569 
 
 2581 
 
 28 
 
 2592 
 
 2604 
 
 2616 
 
 2628 
 
 2640 
 
 2652 
 
 2664 
 
 2676 
 
 2688 
 
 2700 
 
 29 
 
 2712 
 
 2724 
 
 2736 
 
 2748 
 
 2760 
 
 2772 
 
 2784 
 
 2797 
 
 2809 
 
 2821 
 
 30 
 
 2833 
 
 2845 
 
 2858 
 
 2870 
 
 2882 
 
 2894 
 
 2907 
 
 2919 
 
 2931 
 
 2944 
 
 31 
 
 2956 
 
 2969 
 
 2981 
 
 2994 
 
 3006 
 
 3018 
 
 3031 
 
 3044 
 
 3056 
 
 3069 
 
 32 
 
 3081 
 
 3094 
 
 3107 
 
 3119 
 
 3132 
 
 3145 
 
 3157 
 
 3170 
 
 3183 
 
 3195 
 
 33 
 
 3208 
 
 3221 
 
 3234 
 
 3247 
 
 3260 
 
 3272 
 
 3285 
 
 3298 
 
 3311 
 
 3324 
 
 34 
 
 3337 
 
 3350 
 
 3363 
 
 3376 
 
 3389 
 
 3402 
 
 3415 
 
 3428 
 
 3441 
 
 3454 
 
 35 
 
 3467 
 
 3481 
 
 3494 
 
 3507' 
 
 3520 
 
 3533 
 
 3547 
 
 3560 
 
 3573 
 
 3587 
 
 36 
 
 3600 
 
 3613 
 
 3627 
 
 3640 
 
 3653 
 
 3667 
 
 3680 
 
 3694 
 
 3707 
 
 3721 
 
 37 
 
 3734 
 
 3748 
 
 3761 
 
 3775 
 
 3788 
 
 3802 
 
 3816 
 
 3829 
 
 3843 
 
 3857 
 
 38 
 
 3870 
 
 3884 
 
 3898 
 
 3911 
 
 3925 
 
 3939 
 
 3953 
 
 3967 
 
 3980 
 
 3994 
 
 39 
 
 4008 
 
 4022 
 
 4036 
 
 4050 
 
 4064 
 
 4078 
 
 4092 
 
 4106 
 
 4120 
 
 4134 
 
 40 
 
 4148 
 
 4162 
 
 4176 
 
 4190 
 
 4205 
 
 4219 
 
 4233 
 
 4247 
 
 4261 
 
 4275 
 
 41 
 
 4290 
 
 4304 
 
 4318 
 
 4333 
 
 4347 
 
 4361 
 
 4376 
 
 4390 
 
 4404 
 
 4419 
 
 42 
 
 4433 
 
 4448 
 
 4462 
 
 4477 
 
 4491 
 
 4506 
 
 4520 
 
 4535 
 
 4549 
 
 4564 
 
 43 
 
 4579 
 
 4593 
 
 4608 
 
 4623 
 
 4637 
 
 4652 
 
 4667 
 
 4681 
 
 4696 
 
 4711 
 
 44 
 
 *4726 
 
 4741 
 
 4756 
 
 4770 
 
 4785 
 
 4800 
 
 4815 
 
 4830 
 
 4845 
 
 4860 
 
 45 
 
 4875 
 
 4890 
 
 4905 
 
 4920 
 
 4935 
 
 4950 
 
 4965 
 
 4980 
 
 4995 
 
 5011 
 
 46 
 
 5026 
 
 5041 
 
 5056 
 
 5071 
 
 5087 
 
 5102 
 
 5117 
 
 5133 
 
 5148 
 
 5163 
 
 47 
 
 5179 
 
 5194 
 
 5209 
 
 5225 
 
 5240 
 
 5256 
 
 5271 
 
 5287 
 
 5302 
 
 5318 
 
 48 
 
 5333 
 
 5349 
 
 5364 
 
 5380 
 
 5396 
 
 5411 
 
 5427 
 
 5443 
 
 5458 
 
 5474 
 
 49 
 
 5490 
 
 5505 
 
 5521 
 
 5537 
 
 5553 
 
 5569 
 
 5585 
 
 5600 
 
 5616 
 
 5632 
 
 50 
 
 5648 
 
 5664 
 
 5680 
 
 5696 
 
 5712 
 
 5728 
 
 5744 
 
 5760 
 
 5776 
 
 5792 
 
 51 
 
 5808 
 
 5824 
 
 5840 
 
 5857 
 
 5873 
 
 5889 
 
 590o 
 
 5921 
 
 5938 
 
 5954 
 
 52 
 
 5970 
 
 5987 
 
 6003 
 
 6019 
 
 6036 
 
 6052 
 
 6068 
 
 6085 
 
 6101 
 
 6118 
 
 53 
 
 6134 
 
 6151 
 
 6167 
 
 6184 
 
 6200 
 
 6217 
 
 6233 
 
 6250 
 
 6267 
 
 6283 
 
 54 
 
 6300 
 
 6317 
 
 6333 
 
 6350 
 
 6367 
 
 6383 
 
 6400 
 
 6417 
 
 6434 
 
 6451 
 
 55 
 
 6468 
 
 6484 
 
 6501 
 
 6518 
 
 6535 
 
 6552 
 
 6569 
 
 6586 
 
 6603 
 
 6620 
 
 56 
 
 6637 
 
 6654 
 
 6671 
 
 6688 
 
 6705 
 
 6722 
 
 6739 
 
 6757 
 
 6774 
 
 6791 
 
 57 
 
 6808 
 
 6825 
 
 6843 
 
 6860 
 
 6877 
 
 6895 
 
 6912 
 
 6929 
 
 6947 
 
 6964 
 
 58 
 
 6981 
 
 6999 
 
 7016 
 
 7034 
 
 7051 
 
 7069 
 
 7086 
 
 7104 
 
 7121 
 
 7139 
 
 59 
 
 7156 
 
 7174 
 
 7192 
 
 7209 
 
 7227 
 
 7245 
 
 7262 
 
 7280 
 
 7298 
 
 7315 
 
 60 
 
 7333 
 
 7351 
 
 7369 
 
 7387 
 
 7405 
 
 7422 
 
 7440 
 
 7458 
 
 7476 
 
 7494 
 
 For continuation to 170 feet see Table 15. 
 
33 
 
 TABLE 12. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 
 Roadway Wfeet wide, side-slopes \ to I. 
 
 Depth 
 in ft. 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds.l 
 
 
 
 
 10-4 
 
 20-8 
 
 31-2 41-6 
 
 52-1 
 
 62-6 
 
 73-0 
 
 83-6 
 
 94-1 
 
 I 
 
 104-6 
 
 115-2 
 
 125-8 
 
 136-4 
 
 147-0 
 
 157-6 
 
 168-3 
 
 179-0 
 
 189-7 
 
 200-4 
 
 2 
 
 211-1 
 
 221-9 
 
 232-6 
 
 243-4 
 
 254-3 
 
 265-1 
 
 275-9 
 
 286-8 
 
 297-7 
 
 308-6 
 
 3 
 
 319-4 
 
 330-4 
 
 341-3 
 
 352-3 
 
 363-3 
 
 374-3 
 
 385-4 
 
 396-4 
 
 407-5 
 
 418-6 
 
 4 
 
 429-7 
 
 440-8 
 
 451-9 
 
 463-1 
 
 474-3 
 
 485-5 
 
 496-7 
 
 508-0 
 
 519-2 
 
 530-5 
 
 5 
 
 541-7 
 
 553-0 
 
 564-3 
 
 575-6 
 
 587-0 
 
 598-4 
 
 609-7 
 
 621-1 
 
 632-6 
 
 644-0 
 
 6 
 
 655-6 
 
 667-1 
 
 678-7 
 
 690-3 
 
 7020 
 
 713-6 
 
 725-3 
 
 737-0 
 
 747-7 
 
 759-4 
 
 7 
 
 771-3 
 
 783-0 
 
 794-7 
 
 806-4 
 
 818-1 
 
 829-9 
 
 841-6 
 
 853-4 
 
 865-3 
 
 877-1 
 
 8 
 
 888-9 
 
 900-8 
 
 912-6 
 
 923-6 
 
 935-5 
 
 947-4 
 
 959-4 
 
 971-4 
 
 983-4 
 
 995-4 
 
 9 
 
 1007 
 
 1019 
 
 1032 
 
 1044 
 
 1056 
 
 1068 
 
 1080 
 
 1092 
 
 1105 
 
 1117 
 
 (0 
 
 1130 
 
 1142 
 
 1154 
 
 1166 
 
 1179 
 
 1191 
 
 1203 
 
 1216 
 
 1228 
 
 1240 
 
 a 
 
 1253 
 
 1265 
 
 1278 
 
 1290 
 
 1303 
 
 1315 
 
 1328 
 
 1340 
 
 1353 
 
 1365 
 
 12 
 
 1378 
 
 1390 
 
 1403 
 
 1416 
 
 1428 
 
 1441 
 
 1454 
 
 1466 
 
 1479 
 
 1492 
 
 13 
 
 1505 
 
 1517 
 
 1530 
 
 1543 
 
 1556 
 
 1569 
 
 1582 
 
 1595 
 
 1607 
 
 1620 
 
 14 
 
 1633 
 
 1646 
 
 1659 
 
 1672 
 
 1685 
 
 1699 
 
 1712 
 
 1725 
 
 1738 
 
 1751 
 
 15 
 
 1764 1777 
 
 1790 
 
 1803 
 
 1817 
 
 1830 
 
 1843 
 
 1856 
 
 1870 
 
 1883 
 
 16 
 
 1896 
 
 1910 
 
 1923 
 
 1936 
 
 1950 
 
 1963 
 
 1977 
 
 1990 
 
 2004 
 
 2017 
 
 17 
 
 2031 
 
 2044 
 
 2058 
 
 2071 
 
 2085 
 
 2098 
 
 2112 
 
 2126 
 
 2139 
 
 2153 
 
 18 
 
 2167 
 
 2180 
 
 2194 
 
 2208 
 
 2222 
 
 2235 
 
 2249 
 
 2263 
 
 2277 
 
 2291 
 
 19 
 
 2305 
 
 2318 
 
 2332 
 
 2346 
 
 2360 
 
 2374 
 
 2388 
 
 2402 
 
 2416 
 
 2430 
 
 20 
 
 2444 
 
 2459 
 
 2473 
 
 2487 
 
 2501 
 
 2515 
 
 2529 
 
 2543 
 
 2558 
 
 2572 
 
 21 
 
 2586 
 
 2600 
 
 2615 
 
 2629 
 
 2643 
 
 2658 
 
 2672 
 
 2686 
 
 2701 
 
 2715 
 
 22 
 
 2730 
 
 2744 
 
 2759 
 
 2773 
 
 2788 
 
 2802 
 
 2817 
 
 2831 
 
 2846 
 
 2860 
 
 23 
 
 2875 
 
 2890 
 
 2904 
 
 2919 
 
 2934 
 
 2948 
 
 2963 
 
 2978 
 
 2993 
 
 3007 
 
 24 
 
 3022 
 
 3037 
 
 3052 
 
 3067 
 
 3082 
 
 3097 
 
 3111 
 
 3126 
 
 3141 
 
 3156 
 
 25 
 
 3171 
 
 3186 
 
 3201 
 
 3216 
 
 3232 
 
 3247 
 
 3262 
 
 3277 
 
 3292 
 
 3307 
 
 26 
 
 3322 
 
 3337 
 
 3353 
 
 3368 
 
 3383 
 
 3398 
 
 3414 
 
 3429 
 
 3444 
 
 3460 
 
 27 
 
 3475 
 
 3490 
 
 3506 
 
 3521 
 
 3537 
 
 3552 
 
 3568 
 
 3583 
 
 3599 
 
 3614 
 
 28 
 
 3630 
 
 3645 
 
 3661 
 
 3676 
 
 3692 
 
 3708 
 
 3723 
 
 3739 
 
 3755 
 
 3770 
 
 29 
 
 3786 
 
 3802 
 
 3818 
 
 3833 
 
 3849 
 
 3865 
 
 3881 
 
 3897 
 
 3913 
 
 3928 
 
 30 
 
 3944 
 
 3960 
 
 3976 
 
 3992 
 
 4008 
 
 4024 
 
 4040 
 
 4056 
 
 4072 
 
 4088 
 
 31 
 
 4105 
 
 4121 
 
 4137 
 
 4153 
 
 4169 
 
 4185 
 
 4202 
 
 4218 
 
 4234 
 
 4250 
 
 32 
 
 4267 
 
 4283 
 
 4299 
 
 4316 
 
 4332 
 
 4348 
 
 4365 
 
 4381 
 
 4398 
 
 4414 
 
 33 
 
 4431 
 
 4447 
 
 4464 
 
 4480 
 
 4497 
 
 4513 
 
 4530 
 
 4546 
 
 4563 
 
 4580 
 
 34 
 
 4596 
 
 4613 
 
 4630 
 
 4646 
 
 4663 
 
 4680 
 
 4697 
 
 4713 
 
 4730 
 
 4747 
 
 35 
 
 4764 
 
 4781 
 
 4797 
 
 4814 
 
 4831 
 
 4848 
 
 4865 
 
 4882 
 
 4899 
 
 4916 
 
 36 
 
 4933 
 
 4950 
 
 4967 
 
 4984 
 
 5001 
 
 5018 
 
 5036 
 
 5053 
 
 5070 
 
 5087 
 
 37 
 
 5104 
 
 5121 
 
 5138 
 
 5155 
 
 5173 
 
 5190 
 
 5207 
 
 5225 
 
 5242 
 
 5259 
 
 38 
 
 5278 
 
 5295 
 
 5313 
 
 5330 
 
 5348 
 
 5365 
 
 5383 
 
 5400 
 
 5418 
 
 5436 
 
 39 
 
 5453 
 
 5471 
 
 5488 
 
 5505 
 
 5523 
 
 5541 
 
 5559 
 
 5576 
 
 5594 
 
 5612 
 
 40 
 
 5630 
 
 5647 
 
 5665 
 
 5683 
 
 5701 
 
 5719 
 
 5737 
 
 5755 
 
 5772 
 
 5790 
 
 41 
 
 5808 
 
 5826 
 
 5844 
 
 5862 
 
 5880 
 
 5898 
 
 5916 
 
 5935 
 
 5953 
 
 5971 
 
 42 
 
 5989 
 
 6007 
 
 6025 
 
 6043 
 
 6062 
 
 6080 
 
 6098 
 
 6116 
 
 6135 
 
 6153 
 
 43 
 
 6171 
 
 6190 
 
 6208 
 
 6226 
 
 6245 
 
 6263 
 
 6282 
 
 6300 
 
 6319 
 
 6337 
 
 44 
 
 6356 
 
 6374 
 
 6393 
 
 6411 
 
 6430 
 
 6448 
 
 6467 
 
 6486 
 
 6504 
 
 6523 
 
 45 
 
 6542 
 
 6560 
 
 6579 
 
 6598 
 
 6617 
 
 6635 
 
 6654 
 
 6673 
 
 6692 
 
 6711 
 
 46 
 
 6730 
 
 6749 
 
 6767 
 
 6786 
 
 6805 
 
 6824 
 
 6843 
 
 6862 
 
 6881 
 
 6900 
 
 47 
 
 6919 
 
 6938 
 
 6958 
 
 6977 
 
 6996 
 
 7015 
 
 7034 
 
 7053 
 
 7072 
 
 7092 
 
 48 
 
 7111 
 
 7130 
 
 7150 
 
 7169 
 
 7188 
 
 7208 
 
 7227 
 
 7246 
 
 7266 
 
 7285 
 
 49 
 
 7305 
 
 7324 
 
 7343 
 
 7363 
 
 7382 
 
 7402 
 
 7422 
 
 7441 
 
 7461 
 
 7480 
 
 50 
 
 7500 
 
 7520 
 
 7539 
 
 7559 
 
 7579 
 
 7598 
 
 7618 
 
 7638 
 
 7658 
 
 7677 
 
 51 
 
 7697 
 
 7717 
 
 7737 
 
 7757 
 
 7777 
 
 7796 
 
 7816 
 
 7836 
 
 7856 
 
 7876 
 
 52 
 
 7896 
 
 7916 
 
 7936 
 
 7956 
 
 7976 
 
 7997 
 
 8017 
 
 8037 
 
 8057 
 
 8077 
 
 53 
 
 8097 
 
 8117 
 
 8138 
 
 8158 
 
 8178 
 
 8198 
 
 8219 
 
 8239 
 
 8259 
 
 8280 
 
 54 
 
 8300 
 
 8320 
 
 8341 
 
 8361 
 
 8382 
 
 8402 
 
 8423 
 
 8443 
 
 8464 
 
 8484 
 
 55 
 
 8505 
 
 8525 
 
 8546 
 
 8566 
 
 8587 
 
 8608 
 
 8628 
 
 8649 
 
 8670 
 
 8690 
 
 56 
 
 8711 
 
 8732 
 
 8753 
 
 8773 
 
 8794 
 
 8815 
 
 8836 
 
 8857 
 
 8878 
 
 8899 
 
 57 
 
 8919 
 
 8940 
 
 8961 
 
 8982 
 
 9003 
 
 9024 
 
 9045 
 
 9066 
 
 9087 
 
 9109 
 
 58 
 
 9130 
 
 9151 
 
 9172 
 
 9193 
 
 9214 
 
 9235 
 
 9257 
 
 9278 1 9299 
 
 9320 
 
 59 
 
 9342 
 
 9363 
 
 9384 
 
 9406 
 
 9427 
 
 9448 
 
 9470 
 
 9491 
 
 9513 
 
 9534 
 
 60 
 
 9556 
 
 9577 
 
 9599 
 
 9620 
 
 0642 
 
 9663 
 
 9685 
 
 9706 
 
 9728 
 
 9750 
 
 For continuation to 170 feet, see table 15. 
 
34 
 
 TABLE 13. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 Roadway 18 feet wide, side-slopes % to 1. 
 
 frf 
 
 e-S 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu. yds. 
 
 cu.yds. 
 
 
 
 
 6-69 
 
 13-4 
 
 20-2 
 
 27-0 
 
 33-8 
 
 40-7 
 
 47-6 
 
 54-5 
 
 61-5 
 
 1 
 
 68-5 
 
 75-6 
 
 82-7 
 
 89-8 
 
 97-0 
 
 104-2 
 
 111-4 
 
 118-7 
 
 126-0 
 
 133-3 
 
 2 
 
 140-7 
 
 148-2 
 
 155-6 
 
 168-1 
 
 170-7 
 
 178-2 
 
 185-9 
 
 193-5 
 
 201-2 
 
 208-9 
 
 8 
 
 216-7 
 
 224-5 
 
 232-3 
 
 240-2 
 
 248-1 
 
 256-0 
 
 264-0 
 
 272-0 
 
 280-1 
 
 288-2 
 
 4 
 
 296-3 
 
 304-5 
 
 312-7 
 
 320-9 
 
 329-2 
 
 337-5 
 
 345-8 
 
 354-2 
 
 362-7 
 
 371-1 
 
 5 
 
 379-6 
 
 388-2 
 
 396-7 
 
 405-4 
 
 414-0 
 
 422-7 
 
 431-4 
 
 440-2 
 
 448-9 
 
 457-8 
 
 6 
 
 466-7 
 
 475-6 
 
 484-5 
 
 493-5 
 
 502-5 
 
 511-6 
 
 520-6 
 
 529-8 
 
 538-9 
 
 548-1 
 
 7 
 
 557-4 
 
 666-7 
 
 576-0 
 
 585-3 
 
 594-7 
 
 604-1 
 
 613-6 
 
 623-1 
 
 632-6 
 
 642-2 
 
 8 
 
 651-9 
 
 661-5 
 
 671-2 
 
 680-9 
 
 690-6 
 
 700-4 
 
 710-3 
 
 720-1 
 
 730-0 
 
 740-0 
 
 9 
 
 750-0 
 
 760-0 
 
 770-1 
 
 780-2 
 
 790-3 
 
 800-4 
 
 810-6 
 
 820-8 
 
 831-1 
 
 841-4 
 
 10 
 
 851-9 
 
 862-2 
 
 872-6 
 
 883-1 
 
 893-6 
 
 904- 1 
 
 914-6 
 
 925-2 
 
 935-9 
 
 946-5 
 
 11 
 
 957-4 
 
 968-2 
 
 978-9 
 
 989-7 
 
 1000 
 
 1011 
 
 1022 
 
 1033 
 
 1044 
 
 1055 
 
 12 
 
 1067 
 
 1078 
 
 1089 
 
 1100 
 
 1111 
 
 1122 
 
 1134 
 
 1145 
 
 1156 
 
 1168 
 
 13 
 
 1180 
 
 1191 
 
 1203 
 
 1214 
 
 1226 
 
 1237 
 
 1249 
 
 1261 
 
 1272 
 
 1284 
 
 14 
 
 1296 
 
 1308 
 
 1320 
 
 1332 
 
 1344 
 
 1356 
 
 1368 
 
 1380 
 
 1392 
 
 1404 
 
 15 
 
 1417 
 
 1429 
 
 1442 
 
 1453 
 
 1466 
 
 1478 
 
 1490 
 
 1503 
 
 1515 
 
 1528 
 
 16 
 
 1541 
 
 1553 
 
 1566 
 
 1579 
 
 1591 
 
 1604 
 
 1617 
 
 1G30 
 
 1642 
 
 1655 
 
 17 
 
 1668 
 
 1681 
 
 1694 
 
 1707 
 
 1721 
 
 1734 
 
 1747 
 
 1760 
 
 1773 
 
 1786 
 
 18 
 
 1800 
 
 1813 
 
 1827 
 
 1840 
 
 1853 
 
 1867 
 
 1880 
 
 1894 
 
 1908 
 
 1921 
 
 19 
 
 1935 
 
 1949 
 
 1963 
 
 1976 
 
 1990 
 
 2004 
 
 2018 
 
 2032 
 
 2046 
 
 2060 
 
 20 
 
 2074 
 
 2088 
 
 2102 
 
 2116 
 
 2131 
 
 2145 
 
 2159 
 
 2173 
 
 2188 
 
 2202 
 
 21 
 
 2217 
 
 2231 
 
 2246 
 
 2260 
 
 2275 
 
 2289 
 
 2304 
 
 2318 
 
 2333 
 
 2347 
 
 22 
 
 2363 
 
 2378 
 
 2393 
 
 2407 
 
 2422 
 
 2437 
 
 2452 
 
 2467 
 
 2482 
 
 2498 
 
 23 
 
 2513 
 
 2528 
 
 2543 
 
 2559 
 
 2574 
 
 2589 
 
 2605 
 
 2620 
 
 2635 
 
 2651 
 
 24 
 
 2667 
 
 2682 
 
 2698 
 
 2713 
 
 2729 
 
 2745 
 
 2761 
 
 2777 
 
 2793 
 
 2809 
 
 25 
 
 2825 
 
 2841 
 
 2857 
 
 2873 
 
 2889 
 
 2905 
 
 2921 
 
 2937 
 
 2954 
 
 2970 
 
 26 
 
 2985 
 
 3001 
 
 3019 
 
 3034 
 
 3051 
 
 3067 
 
 3084 
 
 3100 
 
 3117 
 
 3133 
 
 27 
 
 3150 
 
 3167 
 
 3183 
 
 3200 
 
 3217 
 
 3234 
 
 3251 
 
 3268 
 
 3284 
 
 3301 
 
 28 
 
 3318 
 
 3336 
 
 3353 
 
 3370 
 
 3387 
 
 3404 
 
 3421 
 
 3439 
 
 3456 
 
 3473 
 
 29 
 
 3491 
 
 3508 
 
 3526 
 
 3543 
 
 3561 
 
 3578 
 
 3596 
 
 3613 
 
 3631 
 
 3649 
 
 30 
 
 3667 
 
 3684 
 
 3702 
 
 3720 
 
 3738 
 
 3756 
 
 3774 
 
 3792 
 
 3810 
 
 3828 
 
 31 
 
 3846 
 
 3864 
 
 3882 
 
 3901 
 
 3919 
 
 3937 
 
 3956 
 
 3974 
 
 3992 
 
 4111 
 
 32 
 
 4030 
 
 4048 
 
 4067 
 
 4085 
 
 4104 
 
 4123 
 
 4141 
 
 4160 
 
 4179 
 
 4198 
 
 33 
 
 4217 
 
 4235 
 
 4254 
 
 4273 
 
 4292 
 
 4311 
 
 4330 
 
 4350 
 
 4569 
 
 4388 
 
 34 
 
 4407 
 
 4427 
 
 4446 
 
 4465 
 
 4485 
 
 4504 
 
 4524 
 
 4543 
 
 4563 
 
 4582 
 
 35 
 
 4602 
 
 4621 
 
 4641 
 
 4661 
 
 4680 
 
 4700 
 
 4720 
 
 4740 
 
 4760 
 
 4780 
 
 36 
 
 4800 
 
 4820 
 
 4840 
 
 4860 
 
 4880 
 
 4900 
 
 4921 
 
 4941 
 
 4961 
 
 4981 
 
 37 
 
 5002 
 
 5022 
 
 5043 
 
 5063 
 
 6084 
 
 5104 
 
 5125 
 
 5145 
 
 5166 
 
 5187 
 
 38 
 
 5207 
 
 5228 
 
 5249 
 
 5270 
 
 5291 
 
 5312 
 
 5332 
 
 5353 
 
 5374 
 
 5395 
 
 39 
 
 5417 
 
 5438 
 
 5459 
 
 5480 
 
 5501 
 
 5523 
 
 5544 
 
 5565 
 
 5587 
 
 5008 
 
 40 
 
 5630 
 
 5651 
 
 5673 
 
 6694 
 
 5716 
 
 5747 
 
 5759 
 
 5781 
 
 5803 
 
 5824 
 
 41 
 
 5846 
 
 5868 
 
 5890 
 
 5911 
 
 5934 
 
 5956 
 
 5979 
 
 6001 
 
 (3023 
 
 6045 
 
 42 
 
 6067 
 
 6089 
 
 6111 
 
 6133 
 
 6156 
 
 6178 
 
 6201 
 
 6223 
 
 6246 
 
 6268 
 
 43 
 
 6291 
 
 6313 
 
 6336 
 
 6359 
 
 6381 
 
 6404 
 
 6427 
 
 6450 
 
 6472 
 
 6495 
 
 44 
 
 6519 
 
 6541 
 
 6564 
 
 6588 
 
 6611 
 
 6634 
 
 6657 
 
 6G80 
 
 6703 
 
 6727 
 
 45 
 
 6750 
 
 6773 
 
 6797 
 
 6820 
 
 6844 
 
 6867 
 
 6891 
 
 6914 
 
 6938 
 
 6961 
 
 46 
 
 6985 
 
 7009 
 
 7033 
 
 7056 
 
 7080 
 
 7104 
 
 7128 
 
 7152 
 
 7176 
 
 7200 
 
 47 
 
 7224 
 
 7248 
 
 7272 
 
 7296 
 
 7321 
 
 7345 
 
 7369 
 
 7393 
 
 7418 
 
 7442 
 
 48 
 
 7467 
 
 7491 
 
 7515 
 
 7540 
 
 7565 
 
 7589 
 
 7614 
 
 7639 
 
 7663 
 
 7688 
 
 49 
 
 7713 
 
 7738 
 
 7763 
 
 7788 
 
 7812 
 
 7837 
 
 7862 
 
 7887 
 
 7913 
 
 7938 
 
 50 
 
 7963 
 
 7988 
 
 8013 
 
 8039 
 
 8064 
 
 8089 
 
 8115 
 
 8140 
 
 8166 
 
 8191 
 
 51 
 
 8217 
 
 8242 
 
 8268 
 
 8293 
 
 8319 
 
 8345 
 
 8371 
 
 8396 
 
 8422 
 
 8448 
 
 52 
 
 8474 
 
 8500 
 
 8526 
 
 8552 
 
 8578 
 
 8604 
 
 8630 
 
 8656 
 
 8683 
 
 8709 
 
 53 
 
 8735 
 
 8761 
 
 8788 
 
 8814 
 
 8841 
 
 8867 
 
 8894 
 
 8920 
 
 8947 
 
 8973 
 
 54 
 
 9000 
 
 9027 
 
 9053 
 
 9080 
 
 9107 
 
 9134 
 
 9161 
 
 9187 
 
 9214 
 
 9241 
 
 55 
 
 9269 
 
 9296 
 
 9323 
 
 9350 
 
 9377 
 
 9404 
 
 9431 
 
 9459 
 
 9486 
 
 9513 
 
 56 
 
 9541 
 
 9568 
 
 9596 
 
 9623 
 
 9651 
 
 9678 
 
 9706 
 
 9733 
 
 9761 
 
 9789 
 
 57 
 
 9817 
 
 9844 
 
 9872 
 
 9900 
 
 9928 
 
 9956 
 
 9984 
 
 10012 
 
 10040 
 
 10068 
 
 58 
 
 10096 
 
 10124 
 
 10153 
 
 10181 
 
 10209 
 
 10237 
 
 10266 
 
 10294 
 
 10323 
 
 10351 
 
 59 
 
 10380 
 
 10408 
 
 10437 
 
 10465 
 
 0494 
 
 10523 
 
 10551 
 
 10580 
 
 10609 
 
 10G38 
 
 60 
 
 10667 
 
 10696 
 
 10724 
 
 10753 
 
 0782 
 
 10811 
 
 10841 
 
 10870 
 
 10899 
 
 10928 
 
35 
 
 TABLE 14. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 Roadway 28 feet wide, fide-slopes to 1. 
 
 \i 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 ou. yds. 
 
 ou. yds. 
 10-4 
 
 cu.yds. 
 20-8 
 
 ou. yds. 
 31-3 
 
 ou. yds. 
 41-8 
 
 cu.yds. 
 52-3 
 
 cu. yds. 
 62-9 
 
 cu. yds. 
 73-6 
 
 cu. yds. 
 84-1 
 
 ou.yds. 
 94-8 
 
 i 
 
 105-6 
 
 126-3 
 
 137-1 
 
 147-9 
 
 158-8 
 
 169-7 
 
 180-7 
 
 191-6 
 
 202 7 
 
 213-7 
 
 2 
 
 214-8 
 
 225-9 
 
 237-1 
 
 248-3 
 
 259-5 
 
 270-8 
 
 282-1 
 
 293-5 
 
 304-9 
 
 316-3 
 
 3 
 
 327-8 
 
 339-3 
 
 350-8 
 
 362-4 
 
 374-0 
 
 385-6 
 
 397-3 
 
 409-0 
 
 420-8 
 
 432-6 
 
 4 
 
 444-4 
 
 456-3 
 
 468-2 
 
 480-2 
 
 492-1 
 
 504-2 
 
 516-2 
 
 528-3 
 
 540-4 
 
 652-6 
 
 5 
 
 664-8 
 
 677-1 
 
 589-3 
 
 601-6 
 
 614-0 
 
 626-4 
 
 638-8 
 
 651-3 
 
 663-8 
 
 676-3 
 
 6 
 
 688-9 
 
 701-5 
 
 714-1 
 
 726-8 
 
 739-5 
 
 752-3 
 
 765-1 
 
 777-9 
 
 790-8 
 
 803-7 
 
 7 
 
 816-7 
 
 829-7 
 
 842-7 
 
 858-8 
 
 868-9 
 
 882-1 
 
 895-3 
 
 908-5 
 
 921-8 
 
 935-1 
 
 8 
 
 948-1 
 
 961-5 
 
 974-9 
 
 988-3 
 
 1002 
 
 1015 
 
 1029 
 
 1042 
 
 1056 
 
 1070 
 
 9 
 
 1083 
 
 1097 
 
 1111 
 
 1126 
 
 1138 
 
 1152 
 
 1166 
 
 1180 
 
 1194 
 
 1208 
 
 10 
 
 1222 
 
 1236 
 
 1250 
 
 1265 
 
 1279 
 
 1293 
 
 1307 
 
 1322 
 
 1336 
 
 1350 
 
 11 
 
 1365 
 
 1379 
 
 1394 
 
 1408 
 
 1423 
 
 1437 
 
 1452 
 
 1467 
 
 1482 
 
 1496 
 
 12 
 
 1511 
 
 1526 
 
 1541 
 
 1556 
 
 1571 
 
 1586 
 
 1601 
 
 1616 
 
 1631 
 
 1646 
 
 13 
 
 1661 
 
 1676 
 
 1692 
 
 1707 
 
 1722 
 
 1737 
 
 1753 
 
 1768 
 
 1784 
 
 1799 
 
 14 
 
 1815 
 
 1830 
 
 1846 
 
 1862 
 
 1877 
 
 1893 
 
 1909 
 
 1925 
 
 1940 
 
 1956 
 
 15 
 
 1972 
 
 1988 
 
 2004 
 
 2020 
 
 2036 
 
 2052 
 
 2068 
 
 2085 
 
 2101 
 
 2117 
 
 16 
 
 2133 
 
 2150 
 
 2166 
 
 2182 
 
 2199 
 
 2215 
 
 2232 
 
 2248 
 
 2265 
 
 2281 
 
 17 
 
 2298 
 
 2315 
 
 2332 
 
 2348 
 
 2365 
 
 2382 
 
 2399 
 
 2416 
 
 2433 
 
 2450 
 
 18 
 
 2467 
 
 2484 
 
 2501 
 
 2518 
 
 2535 
 
 2552 
 
 2570 
 
 2587 
 
 2604 
 
 2621 
 
 19 
 
 2639 
 
 2656 
 
 2674 
 
 2691 
 
 2709 
 
 2726 
 
 2744 
 
 2762 
 
 2779 
 
 2797 
 
 20 
 
 2815 
 
 2833 
 
 2850 
 
 2868 
 
 2886 
 
 2904 
 
 2922 
 
 2940 
 
 2958 
 
 2976 
 
 21 
 
 2994 
 
 3013 
 
 3031 
 
 3049 
 
 3067 
 
 3086 
 
 3104 
 
 3122 
 
 3141 
 
 3159 
 
 22 
 
 3178 
 
 3196 
 
 3215 
 
 3233 
 
 3252 
 
 3271 
 
 3290 
 
 3308 
 
 3327 
 
 3346 
 
 23 
 
 3365 
 
 3384 
 
 3403 
 
 3422 
 
 3441 
 
 3460 
 
 3479 
 
 3498 
 
 3517 
 
 3536 
 
 24 
 
 3556 
 
 3575 
 
 3594 
 
 3613 
 
 3632 
 
 3652 
 
 3672 
 
 3692 
 
 3711 
 
 3731 
 
 25 
 
 3750 
 
 3770 
 
 3789 
 
 3809 
 
 3829 
 
 3849 
 
 3868 
 
 3888 
 
 3908 
 
 3928 
 
 26 
 
 3948 
 
 3968 
 
 3988 
 
 4008 
 
 4028 
 
 4049 
 
 4069 
 
 4089 
 
 4109 
 
 4130 
 
 27 
 
 4150 
 
 4170 
 
 4191 
 
 4211 
 
 4232 
 
 4252 
 
 4273 
 
 4294 
 
 4314 
 
 4335 
 
 28 
 
 4356 
 
 4376 
 
 4397 
 
 4418 
 
 4439 
 
 4460 
 
 4481 
 
 4502 
 
 4523 
 
 4544 
 
 29 
 
 4565 
 
 4586 
 
 4607 
 
 4628 
 
 4649 
 
 4671 
 
 4692 
 
 4713 
 
 4735 
 
 4756 
 
 30 
 
 4778 
 
 4799 
 
 4821 
 
 4843 
 
 4864 
 
 4886 
 
 4908 
 
 4929 
 
 4951 
 
 4973 
 
 31 
 
 4994 
 
 5016 
 
 6038 
 
 5060 
 
 5082 
 
 5104 
 
 5126 
 
 5148 
 
 5170 
 
 5192 
 
 32 
 
 5215 
 
 5237 
 
 5259 
 
 5281 
 
 5303 
 
 5326 
 
 5349 
 
 5371 
 
 5393 
 
 5416 
 
 33 
 
 5439 
 
 5461 
 
 5484 
 
 5507 
 
 6529 
 
 5552 
 
 5575 
 
 5598 
 
 5621 
 
 5644 
 
 34 
 
 5667 
 
 5690 
 
 5713 
 
 5736 
 
 6759 
 
 5782 
 
 5805 
 
 5828 
 
 5852 
 
 5875 
 
 35 
 
 5898 
 
 5922 
 
 6945 
 
 5968 
 
 5992 
 
 6015 
 
 6039 
 
 6063 
 
 6086 
 
 6110 
 
 36 
 
 6133 
 
 6157 
 
 6181 
 
 6205 
 
 6228 
 
 6252 
 
 6276 
 
 6300 
 
 6324 
 
 6348 
 
 37 
 
 6372 
 
 6396 
 
 6420 
 
 6445 
 
 6469 
 
 6493 
 
 6517 
 
 6542 
 
 65C6 
 
 6590 
 
 38 
 
 6615 
 
 6639 
 
 6664 
 
 6688 
 
 6713 
 
 6738 
 
 6763 
 
 6787 
 
 6812 
 
 6837 
 
 39 
 
 6801 
 
 6886 
 
 6911 
 
 6936 
 
 6961 
 
 6986 
 
 7011 
 
 7036 
 
 7061 
 
 7086 
 
 40 
 
 7111 
 
 7136 
 
 7162 
 
 7187 
 
 7212 
 
 7237 
 
 7263 
 
 7288 
 
 7314 
 
 7339 
 
 41 
 
 7365 
 
 7390 
 
 7416 
 
 7442 
 
 7467 
 
 7493 
 
 7519 
 
 7545 
 
 7570 
 
 7596 
 
 42 
 
 7622 
 
 7648 
 
 7674 
 
 7700 
 
 7726 
 
 7752 
 
 7778 
 
 7805 
 
 7831 
 
 7857 
 
 43 
 
 7883 
 
 7910 
 
 7936 
 
 7962 
 
 7989 
 
 8015 
 
 8042 
 
 8068 
 
 8095 
 
 8121 
 
 44 
 
 8148 
 
 8175 
 
 8202 
 
 8228 
 
 8255 
 
 8282 
 
 8309 
 
 8336 
 
 8363 
 
 8390 
 
 45 
 
 8417 
 
 8444 
 
 8471 
 
 8498 
 
 8525 
 
 8552 
 
 8580 
 
 8607 
 
 8634 
 
 8661 
 
 46 
 
 8689 
 
 8716 
 
 8744 
 
 8771 
 
 8799 
 
 8826 
 
 8854 
 
 8882 
 
 8909 
 
 8937 
 
 47 
 
 8965 
 
 8993 
 
 9020 
 
 9048 
 
 9076 
 
 9104 
 
 9132 
 
 9160 
 
 9188 
 
 9216 
 
 48 
 
 9244 
 
 9273 
 
 9301 
 
 9329 
 
 9357 
 
 9386 
 
 9414 
 
 9442 
 
 9471 
 
 9499 
 
 49 
 
 9528 
 
 9556 
 
 9585 
 
 9613 
 
 9642 
 
 9671 
 
 9700 
 
 9728 
 
 9757 
 
 9786 
 
 50 
 
 9815 
 
 9844 
 
 9873 
 
 9902 
 
 9931 
 
 9960 
 
 9989 
 
 10018 
 
 10047 
 
 10076 
 
 51 
 
 10106 
 
 10135 
 
 10164 
 
 10193 
 
 10223 
 
 10252 
 
 102S2 
 
 10311 
 
 10341 
 
 10370 
 
 52 
 
 10400 
 
 10430 
 
 10459 
 
 10489 
 
 10519 
 
 10549 
 
 10578 
 
 10608 
 
 10638 
 
 10668 
 
 53 
 
 10698 
 
 10728 
 
 10758 
 
 10788 
 
 10818 
 
 10849 
 
 10879 
 
 10909 
 
 10939 
 
 10970 
 
 64 
 
 11000 
 
 11030 
 
 11061 
 
 11091 
 
 11122 
 
 11152 
 
 11183 
 
 11213 
 
 11244 
 
 11275 
 
 65 
 
 11306 
 
 11336 
 
 11367 
 
 11398 
 
 11429 
 
 11460 
 
 11490 
 
 11521 
 
 11552 
 
 11583 
 
 5C 
 
 11615 
 
 11646 
 
 11677 
 
 11708 
 
 11740 
 
 11771 
 
 11802 
 
 11833 
 
 11865 
 
 11896 
 
 57 
 
 11928 
 
 11959 
 
 11991 
 
 12022 
 
 12054 
 
 12086 
 
 12117 
 
 12149 
 
 12181 112213 
 
 68 
 
 12244 
 
 12270 
 
 12308 
 
 12340 
 
 12372 
 
 12404 
 
 12436 
 
 12468 
 
 12501 '12533 
 
 5fl 
 
 12565 
 
 1 2597 
 
 12629 
 
 12662 
 
 12694 
 
 12726 
 
 12759 
 
 12791 
 
 12824 
 
 12856 
 
 00 12889 
 
 12922 
 
 12954 
 
 12987 
 
 13020 
 
 13052 
 
 13085 13118 
 
 13151 
 
 13184 
 
TABLE 15. LEVEL CUTTINGS. 
 
 Continuation of the foregoing Tables of Cubic Contents, to YIQfeet of height or depth. 
 
 Height 
 or Depth 
 in feet. 
 
 TABLE 
 
 1 
 
 TABLE 
 3 
 
 TABLE 
 3 
 
 TABLE 
 
 * 
 
 TABLE 
 5 
 
 TABLE 
 6 
 
 TABLE 
 7 
 
 TABLE 
 8 
 
 TABLE 
 9 
 
 TABLE 
 10 
 
 TABLE 
 11 
 
 TABLE 
 13 
 
 61 
 5 
 
 cu yd. cu yd. 
 23835 26094 
 24201126479 
 
 cu yd. 
 17848 
 18108 
 
 cuyd. 
 21294 
 21610 
 
 cuyd. 
 24739 
 25113 
 
 cu yd. 
 31630 
 32117 
 
 cu yd. 
 20107 
 20386 
 
 cu yd. 
 23553 
 
 23888 
 
 cu yd. 
 26998 
 27390 
 
 cu yd. 
 33889 
 34394 
 
 cu. yds. 
 7512 
 7602 
 
 cu. yds. 
 9771 
 9880 
 
 62 
 
 24570J26867 
 
 18370 
 
 21930 
 
 25489 
 
 32607 
 
 20667 
 
 24226 
 
 27785 
 
 34904 
 
 7693 
 
 9989 
 
 5 
 
 24942J27257 
 
 18634 
 
 22251 
 
 25868 
 
 33102 
 
 20949 
 
 24566 
 
 28183 
 
 35417 
 
 7784 
 
 10093 
 
 63 
 
 2531727650 
 
 18900 
 
 2257526250 
 
 33600 
 
 21233 
 
 24908 
 
 28583 
 
 35933 
 
 7875 
 
 10208 
 
 5 
 
 2569428046 
 
 19168 
 
 2290126635 
 
 34102 
 
 21519 
 
 25253 
 
 28986 
 
 36454 
 
 7967 
 
 10319 
 
 64 
 
 26074 28444 
 
 19437 
 
 2323027022 
 
 34607 
 
 21807 
 
 25600 
 
 29393 
 
 36978 
 
 8059 
 
 10430 
 
 5 
 
 2645728846 
 
 19708 
 
 2356027413 
 
 35117 
 
 22097 
 
 25949 
 
 29801 
 
 37506 
 
 8152 
 
 10541 
 
 65 
 
 2684329250 
 
 19981 
 
 23894 
 
 27806 
 
 35630 
 
 22389 
 
 26300 
 
 30213 
 
 38037 
 
 8245 
 
 10653 
 
 5 
 
 2723129657 
 
 20256 
 
 24229 
 
 28201 
 
 36146 
 
 22682 
 
 26654 
 
 30627 
 
 38572 
 
 8339 
 
 10765 
 
 66 
 
 27622 
 
 30067 
 
 20533 
 
 24567 
 
 23600 
 
 36667 
 
 22978 
 
 27011 
 
 31044 
 
 39111 
 
 8433 
 
 10878 
 
 5 
 
 28016 
 
 30479 
 
 20812 
 
 24907 
 
 29001 
 
 37191 
 
 23275 
 
 27369 
 
 31464 
 
 39654 
 
 8528 
 
 10991 
 
 67 
 
 28413 
 
 30894 
 
 21093 
 
 25249 
 
 29406 
 
 37719 
 
 23574 
 
 27730 
 
 31887 
 
 40200 
 
 8623 
 
 11105 
 
 5 
 
 28812 
 
 31313 
 
 21375 
 
 25594 
 
 29813 
 
 38250 
 
 23875 
 
 28093 
 
 32312 
 
 40750 
 
 8719 
 
 11219 
 
 68 
 
 29215 
 
 31733 
 
 21659 
 
 25941 
 
 30222 
 
 38785 
 
 24178 
 
 28459 
 
 32741 
 
 41304 
 
 8815 
 
 11333 
 
 5 
 
 29620 
 
 32157 
 
 21945 
 
 26290 
 
 30635 
 
 39324 
 
 24482 
 
 28827 
 
 33172 
 
 41861 
 
 8911 
 
 11448 
 
 69 
 
 30028 
 
 32583 
 
 22233 
 
 26642 
 
 31050 
 
 39867 
 
 24789 
 
 29197 
 
 33605 
 
 42422 
 
 9008 
 
 11564 
 
 5 
 
 30438 
 
 33013 
 
 22523 
 
 26996 
 
 31468 
 
 40413 
 
 25097 
 
 29569 
 
 34042 
 
 42987 
 
 9106 
 
 11680 
 
 70 
 
 30852 
 
 33444 
 
 22814 
 
 27352 
 
 31889 
 
 40963 
 
 25407 
 
 29944 
 
 34481 
 
 43556 
 
 9204 
 
 11796 
 
 5 
 
 31268 
 
 33879 
 
 23108 
 
 27710 
 
 32313 
 
 41517 
 
 25719 
 
 30321 
 
 34924 
 
 44128 
 
 9302 
 
 11913 
 
 71 
 
 31687 
 
 34317 
 
 23404 
 
 28071 
 
 32739 
 
 42074 
 
 26033 
 
 30701 
 
 35369 
 
 44704 
 
 9401 
 
 12031 
 
 5 
 
 32108 
 
 34757 
 
 23701 
 
 28434 
 
 33168 
 
 42635 
 
 26349 
 
 310S3 
 
 35816 
 
 45283 
 
 9500 
 
 12148 
 
 72 
 
 32533 
 
 35200 
 
 24000 
 
 28800 
 
 33600 
 
 43200 
 
 26667 
 
 31467 
 
 36267 
 
 45867 
 
 9600 
 
 12267 
 
 5 
 
 32960 
 
 35646 
 
 24301 
 
 29168 
 
 34035 
 
 43769 
 
 26986 
 
 31853 
 
 36720 
 
 46454 
 
 9700 
 
 12385 
 
 73 
 
 33390 
 
 36094 
 
 24604 
 
 29538 
 
 34472 
 
 44341 
 
 27307 
 
 32241 
 
 37176 
 
 47044 
 
 9801 
 
 12505 
 
 5 
 
 33823 
 
 36546 
 
 24907 
 
 29910 
 
 34913 
 
 44917 
 
 27631 
 
 32632 
 
 37635 
 
 47639 
 
 9902 
 
 12624 
 
 74 
 
 34259 
 
 37000 
 
 25214 
 
 30285 
 
 35356 
 
 45496 
 
 27956 
 
 33026 
 
 38096 
 
 48237 
 
 10004 
 
 12744 
 
 5 
 
 34697 
 
 37457 
 
 25522 
 
 30662 
 
 35801 
 
 46080 
 
 28282 
 
 33421 
 
 38561 
 
 48839 
 
 10106 
 
 12865 
 
 75 
 
 35139 
 
 37917 
 
 25832 
 
 31042 
 
 36250 
 
 46667 
 
 28611 
 
 33819 
 
 39028 
 
 49444 
 
 10208 
 
 12986 
 
 5 
 
 35582 
 
 38379 
 
 26144 
 
 31423 
 
 36701 
 
 47257 
 
 28942 
 
 34219 
 
 39498 
 
 50054 
 
 10311 
 
 13108 
 
 76 
 
 36029 
 
 38844 
 
 26458 
 
 31807 
 
 37156 
 
 47852 
 
 29174 
 
 34622 
 
 39970 
 
 50667 
 
 10415 
 
 13230 
 
 5 
 
 36479 
 
 39313 
 
 26774 
 
 32194 
 
 37613 
 
 48450 
 
 29608 
 
 35027 
 
 40446 
 
 51283 
 
 10519 
 
 13352 
 
 77 
 
 36931 
 
 39783 
 
 27092 
 
 32582 
 
 38072 
 
 49052 
 
 29944 
 
 35434 
 
 40924 
 
 51904 
 
 10623 
 
 13475 
 
 5 
 
 37386 
 
 40257 
 
 27411 
 
 32973 
 
 38535 
 
 49657 
 
 30282 
 
 35843 
 
 41405 
 
 52528 
 
 10728 
 
 13598 
 
 78 
 
 37844 
 
 40733 
 
 27733 
 
 33367 
 
 39000 
 
 50267 
 
 30622 
 
 36256 
 
 41889 
 
 53156 
 
 10833 
 
 13722 
 
 5 
 
 38305 
 
 41213 
 
 28056 
 
 33762 
 
 39468 
 
 50880 
 
 30964 
 
 36669 
 
 42375 
 
 53787 
 
 10939 
 
 13846 
 
 79 
 5 
 
 38768 
 39235 
 
 41694 
 42179 
 
 2838l|34l60 
 2870834560 
 
 39939 
 40413 
 
 5U9&313Q7 37086 
 5211731653,37504 
 
 42865 
 43357 
 
 54422 
 55061 
 
 11045 
 11152 
 
 13971 
 14096 
 
 80 
 
 39704 
 
 42667 
 
 2903734963 
 
 40889 
 
 527413200037926 
 
 43852 
 
 55704 
 
 11259 
 
 14222 
 
 PI 
 
 b^ 
 
 40650 
 41607 
 
 43650 
 44644 
 
 2970035775 
 3037036596 
 
 41850 
 
 42822 
 
 5400032700,38775 
 552743340739633 
 
 44850 
 45859 
 
 57000 
 5S311 
 
 11475 
 11693 
 
 14475 
 14730 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 85 
 86 
 87 
 
 42576 
 43555 
 44546 
 45548 
 46561 
 
 45650 
 46667 
 47694 
 48733 
 49783 
 
 31048 
 31733 
 32426 
 33126 
 33833 
 
 37427 
 38267 
 39116 
 39974 
 40842 
 
 43806 
 44800 
 45806 
 
 46822 
 47850 
 
 56563 
 57867 
 59185 
 60519 
 61867 
 
 3412240501 
 3484441378 
 3557442264 
 3631143159 
 3705644064 
 
 46880 
 47911 
 48954 
 50008 
 51072 
 
 59637 
 60978 
 62333 
 63704 
 65089 
 
 11912 
 12133 
 12357 
 
 12582 
 12808 
 
 14986 
 15244 
 15505 
 15767 
 16031 
 
 88 
 
 47585 
 
 50844 
 
 34548 
 
 41718 
 
 48889 
 
 63230 
 
 37807 
 
 44978 
 
 52148 
 
 66489 
 
 13037 
 
 16296 
 
 89 
 
 4862051917 
 
 35270 
 
 42605 
 
 49939 
 
 64607 
 
 38567 
 
 45901 
 
 53235 
 
 67904 
 
 13268 
 
 16564 
 
 90 
 
 49667 
 
 53000 
 
 36000 
 
 43500 
 
 51000 
 
 66000 
 
 39333 
 
 46833 
 
 54333 
 
 69333 
 
 13500 
 
 16833 
 
 91 
 
 50724 
 
 54094 
 
 36737 
 
 44405 
 
 52072 
 
 67407 
 
 40107 
 
 47775 
 
 55443 
 
 70778 
 
 13734 
 
 17105 
 
 92 
 
 51793 
 
 55200 
 
 37481 
 
 45319 
 
 53156 
 
 68830 
 
 40889 
 
 48726 
 
 56563 
 
 72237 
 
 13970 
 
 17378 
 
 93 
 
 52872 
 
 56317 
 
 38233 
 
 46242 
 
 54250 
 
 70267 
 
 41678 
 
 49686 
 
 57694 
 
 73711 
 
 14208 
 
 17653 
 
 94 
 
 53963 
 
 57444 
 
 38993 
 
 47174 
 
 55356 
 
 71719 
 
 42474 
 
 5065r) 
 
 58837 
 
 75200 
 
 14448 
 
 17930 
 
 95 
 
 55065 
 
 58583 
 
 39759 
 
 4811656472 
 
 73185 
 
 4327851634 
 
 59990 
 
 76704 
 
 14690 
 
 18208 
 
 96 
 
 56178 
 
 59733 
 
 40533 
 
 49067 
 
 57600 
 
 74667 
 
 44089 
 
 52622 
 
 61155 
 
 78222 
 
 14933 
 
 18489 
 
 97 
 
 57302 
 
 60894 
 
 41315 
 
 50027 
 
 58739 
 
 76163 
 
 44907 
 
 53619 
 
 62331 
 
 79756 
 
 15179 
 
 18771 
 
 98 
 
 58437 
 
 62067 
 
 42104 
 
 50996,59889 
 
 77674 
 
 45733 
 
 54626 
 
 63518 
 
 81304 
 
 15426 
 
 19056 
 
 99 
 
 59583 
 
 63250 
 
 42900 
 
 5197561056 
 
 79200 
 
 46567 
 
 55642 
 
 64716 
 
 82867 
 
 15675 
 
 19342 
 
 100 
 
 60741 
 
 64444 
 
 43704 
 
 52963 62222 
 
 80741 
 
 47407 
 
 56667 
 
 65926 
 
 84444 
 
 15926 
 
 19630 
 
37 
 
 TABLE 15. LEVEL CUTTINGS CONTINUED. 
 
 Height 
 or 
 Depth 
 
 in Feet. 
 
 TABLE 
 
 1 
 
 TABLE 
 2 
 
 TABLE 
 3 
 
 TABLE 
 4 
 
 TABLE 
 5 
 
 TABLE 
 6 
 
 TABLE 
 7 
 
 TABLE 
 8 
 
 TABLE 
 9 
 
 TABLE 
 1O 
 
 TABLE 
 11 
 
 TABLE 
 12 
 
 101 
 
 61910 
 
 65649 
 
 44515 
 
 63960 
 
 63406 
 
 82297 
 
 48254 
 
 57700 
 
 67149 
 
 86036 
 
 16179 
 
 19919 
 
 102 
 
 63090 
 
 66868 
 
 45333 
 
 54967 
 
 64600 
 
 S3866 
 
 49110 
 
 68744 
 
 68382 
 
 87643 
 
 16434 
 
 20211 
 
 103 
 
 64278 
 
 68096 
 
 46158 
 
 55983 
 
 65806 
 
 85452 
 
 49970 
 
 69797 
 
 69627 
 
 89266 
 
 16690 
 
 20505 
 
 104 
 
 65480 
 
 69335 
 
 47000 
 
 67008 
 
 67022 
 
 87052 
 
 50844 
 
 60859 
 
 70882 
 
 90903 
 
 16949 
 
 20800 
 
 105 
 
 66696 
 
 70586 
 
 47840 
 
 68042 
 
 68251 
 
 88666 
 
 51722 
 
 61930 
 
 72148 
 
 92555 
 
 17209 
 
 21097 
 
 106 
 
 67916 
 
 71846 
 
 48686 
 
 59085 
 
 69489 
 
 90296 
 
 62606 
 
 63011 
 
 73425 
 
 94222 
 
 17471 
 
 21396 
 
 107 
 
 69152 
 
 73118 
 
 49540 
 
 60138 
 
 70740 
 
 91941 
 
 53499 
 
 64100 
 
 74713 
 
 95904 
 
 17735 
 
 21697 
 
 108 
 
 70400 
 
 74400 
 
 50402 
 
 61200 
 
 72000 
 
 93600 
 
 54399 
 
 65199 
 
 76012 
 
 97600 
 
 18000' 
 
 22000 
 
 109 
 
 71657 
 
 75695 
 
 61272 
 
 62272 
 
 73272 
 
 95275 
 
 65306 
 
 66308 
 
 77322 
 
 99311 
 
 18268 
 
 22305 
 
 110 
 
 72926 
 
 77000 
 
 62148 
 
 63352 
 
 74555 
 
 96963 
 
 66222 
 
 67426 
 
 78630 
 
 101037 
 
 18537 
 
 22611 
 
 111 
 
 74200 
 
 78319 
 
 53046 
 
 64442 
 
 75847 
 
 98666 
 
 67145 
 
 68552 
 
 79958 
 
 102777 
 
 18808 
 
 22919 
 
 112 
 
 75492 
 
 79640 
 
 53937 
 
 65541 
 
 77155 
 
 100385 
 
 5^074 
 
 69687 
 
 81300 
 
 104533 
 
 19082 
 
 23229 
 
 113 
 
 76794 
 
 80986 
 
 54836 
 
 66650 
 
 78473 
 
 102118 
 
 59011 
 
 70832 
 
 82654 
 
 106303 
 
 19357 
 
 23541 
 
 114 
 
 78108 
 
 82336 
 
 55740 
 
 67767 
 
 79800 
 
 103866 
 
 59956 
 
 71986 
 
 84019 
 
 108089 
 
 19634 
 
 23855 
 
 115 
 
 79430 
 
 83696 
 
 66654 
 
 68894 
 
 81139 
 
 1056:;0 
 
 60907 
 
 73149 
 
 86396 
 
 109888 
 
 19913 
 
 24171 
 
 116 
 
 80768 
 
 85068 
 
 57575 
 
 70030 
 
 82489 
 
 107408 
 
 61867 
 
 74322 
 
 86783 
 
 111704 
 
 20193 
 
 24488 
 
 117 
 
 82113 
 
 86451 
 
 58504 
 
 71176 
 
 83850 
 
 109200 
 
 62836 
 
 75504 
 
 88182 
 
 113532 
 
 20476 
 
 24807 
 
 118 
 
 83471 
 
 87845 
 
 59442 
 
 72330 
 
 85222 
 
 111007 
 
 63807) 76695 
 
 89592 
 
 11537-8 
 
 20760 
 
 25128 
 
 119 
 
 84840 
 
 89250 
 
 60386 
 
 73494 
 
 86606 
 
 112830 
 
 64788 
 
 77900 
 
 91012 
 
 117237 
 
 21046 
 
 25452 
 
 120 
 
 86222 
 
 90666 
 
 61333 
 
 74666 
 
 88000 
 
 114667 
 
 65777 
 
 79111 
 
 92444 
 
 119111 
 
 21333 
 
 25777 
 
 121 
 
 87614 
 
 92097 
 
 62293 
 
 75849 
 
 89405 
 
 116519 
 
 66774 
 
 80330 
 
 93884 
 
 120999 
 
 21623 
 
 26103 
 
 122 
 
 89015 
 
 93536 
 
 632*> 
 
 77041 
 
 90822 
 
 118386 
 
 67777 
 
 81558 
 
 95339 
 
 122901 
 
 21915 
 
 26432 
 
 123 
 
 90429 
 
 94985 
 
 64234 
 
 78242 
 
 92250 
 
 120267 
 
 68789 
 
 82795 
 
 96S03 124818 
 
 22208 
 
 2n763 
 
 124 
 
 91852 
 
 96446 
 
 65216 
 
 79452 
 
 93689 
 
 1-22164 
 
 69807 
 
 84044 
 
 98280 
 
 126750! 22504 
 
 27095 
 
 125 
 
 93286 
 
 97919 
 
 6C.205 
 
 80671 
 
 95139 
 
 124075 
 
 70833 
 
 85300 
 
 99767 
 
 128703 
 
 22801 
 
 27430 
 
 126 
 
 94733 
 
 99402 
 
 67201 
 
 81900 
 
 96600 
 
 126002 
 
 71866 
 
 86566 
 
 10i266 
 
 130666 
 
 23100 
 
 27766 
 
 127 
 
 96191 
 
 100896 
 
 68205 
 
 83138 
 
 98073 
 
 127943 
 
 72908 
 
 87840 
 
 102776 132643 
 
 23401 
 
 28104 
 
 128 
 
 97660 
 
 102401 
 
 69217 
 
 84385 
 
 99556 
 
 129898 
 
 73955 
 
 89122 
 
 104296 
 
 134636 
 
 23704 
 
 28444 
 
 129 
 
 99140 
 
 103917 
 
 70236 
 
 85642 
 
 101050 
 
 131869 
 
 75011 
 
 90418 
 
 105828 
 
 136643 
 
 24009 
 
 28786 
 
 130 
 
 100630 
 
 105444 
 
 71260 
 
 86908 
 
 102555 
 
 133854 
 
 76074 
 
 91722 
 
 107370 
 
 138666 
 
 24315 
 
 29129 
 
 131 
 
 102122 
 
 106984 
 
 72293 
 
 88183 
 
 104072 
 
 135855 
 
 77145 
 
 93034 
 
 108921 
 
 140702 
 
 24623 
 
 29475 
 
 132 
 
 103636 
 
 108535 
 
 73333 
 
 89467 
 
 105600 
 
 137869 
 
 78222 
 
 94356 
 
 110486 
 
 142754 
 
 24933 
 
 29822 
 
 133 
 
 105161 
 
 110096 
 
 74382 
 
 90761 
 
 107140 
 
 139898 
 
 79308 
 
 95686 
 
 112063 144821 
 
 25245 
 
 30171 
 
 134 
 
 106698 
 
 111668 
 
 75437 
 
 92063 
 
 108689 
 
 141942 
 
 80400 
 
 97026 
 
 113650 146903 
 
 25560 
 
 30522 
 
 135 
 
 108245 
 
 113251 
 
 76500 
 
 93375 
 
 110250 
 
 144002 
 
 81500 
 
 98375 
 
 115249 
 
 148999 
 
 25875 
 
 30875 
 
 136 
 
 109803 
 
 114846 
 
 77570 
 
 94697 
 
 111822 
 
 146075 
 
 82608 
 
 99733 
 
 116S5J 
 
 151111 
 
 26193 
 
 31230 
 
 137 
 
 11137-2 
 
 116451 
 
 78648 
 
 96027! 113406 
 
 148164 
 
 83722 
 
 101100 
 
 118480 153237 
 
 26512 
 
 31586 
 
 138 
 
 112953 
 
 118068 
 
 79733 
 
 973671 115000 150267 
 
 84844 
 
 102477 
 
 120im 155378 
 
 26834 
 
 31944 
 
 139 
 
 114545 
 
 119695 
 
 80825 
 
 98716 
 
 116606 152386 
 
 85973 
 
 103863 
 
 121754*157534 
 
 27157 
 
 32304 
 
 140 
 
 116148 
 
 121333 
 
 81926 
 
 100078 
 
 118222 154519 
 
 87111 
 
 105259 
 
 123408 159704 
 
 27481 
 
 32666 
 
 141 
 
 117755 
 
 122986 
 
 83034 
 
 101443 
 
 119851 156666 
 
 88256 
 
 106664 
 
 125070 161888 
 
 27808 
 
 33030 
 
 112 
 
 119380 
 
 124645 
 
 84148 
 
 102820 
 
 1214901 158829 
 
 89407 
 
 108079 
 
 126747 ; 164089 
 
 28137 
 
 33395 
 
 143 
 
 121015 S 126317 
 
 85270 
 
 104206 
 
 1231 40 ! 161007 
 
 90567 109501 
 
 1-28434 16(3303 
 
 28467 
 
 33763 
 
 144 
 
 12-2662. 128000 
 
 86400 
 
 105601 
 
 124800 163200 
 
 91733 110934 
 
 130133 
 
 168533 
 
 28800 
 
 34132 
 
 145 
 
 124:520- 12-.694 
 
 87537 
 
 107005 
 
 1 26473 i 165406 
 
 92908 
 
 112375 
 
 131843 
 
 170777 
 
 29134 
 
 34504 
 
 146 
 
 1 25989 ! 131400 
 
 88681 
 
 108419 
 
 128156; 167*29 
 
 94G89 
 
 113826 
 
 133563 
 
 173037 
 
 29471 
 
 34877 
 
 147 
 
 127670 133117 
 
 89833 
 
 109842 
 
 129850, 169866 
 
 95278 
 
 115286 
 
 135295 
 
 175311 
 
 29809 
 
 35252 
 
 148 
 
 129361; 134845 
 
 90993 
 
 111274 
 
 131555 172118 
 
 96473 
 
 116755 
 
 137038 
 
 177600 
 
 30148 
 
 35629 
 
 149 
 
 13106.3' 136582 
 
 92160 
 
 112715 
 
 133272 174385 
 
 97678 
 
 118234 
 
 138792 
 
 W9903 
 
 30490 
 
 36008 
 
 150 
 
 1M2777 138333 
 
 93333 
 
 114106 
 
 135000 176666 
 
 98888 
 
 119722 
 
 140555 
 
 182222 
 
 30833 
 
 36389 
 
 151 
 
 134501 140093 
 
 94513 
 
 115626 
 
 136740 178962 
 
 100107 
 
 121220 
 
 142:330 
 
 184555 
 
 31178 
 
 36771 
 
 152 
 
 136236 141866 
 
 95700 
 
 117096 
 
 138488 181274 
 
 101323 
 
 122726 
 
 144117 186904 
 
 31525 
 
 37155 
 
 153 
 
 137983 ! 143650 
 
 96893 
 
 118574 
 
 140250 j 183600 
 
 102566 124241 
 
 145916| 189266 
 
 31874 
 
 37541 
 
 154 
 
 139740 144444 
 
 98096 
 
 120062 
 
 142022' 185941 
 
 103807 
 
 125766 
 
 147725 191644 
 
 32226 
 
 37929 
 
 155 
 
 141508 147249 99317 
 
 121560 
 
 143805 
 
 188296 
 
 105065 
 
 127300 
 
 149546 194036 
 
 32578 
 
 38319 
 
 166 
 
 143290 ' 149067 100535 
 
 123066 
 
 145600 
 
 190666 
 
 106311 128844 
 
 151379 196444 
 
 32933 
 
 38711 
 
 157 
 
 145079 150894' 101760! 124582 
 
 147405 
 
 193052 
 
 107574; 130397 
 
 153220 198866 
 
 33290 
 
 39104 
 
 158 
 
 146882 1527331 102994 
 
 126107 
 
 149222 
 
 195452 
 
 108844: 131958 
 
 155074! 201303 
 
 33648 
 
 39500 
 
 Io9 
 
 148695 154583 j 104234 
 
 127641 
 
 151050 
 
 197867 
 
 110122' 133529 
 
 156940, 203755 
 
 34008 
 
 39897 
 
 160 
 
 150518 156444 105482 
 
 129185 
 
 152888 
 
 200296 
 
 1114071 135111 
 
 158815 206222 
 
 34370 
 
 40296 
 
 161 
 
 152353 158316 106737 
 
 130738 
 
 154737 
 
 202740 
 
 112700 136700 
 
 160702 208703 
 
 34734 
 
 40697 
 
 162 
 
 K4T.M 160200 108000 132300 
 
 156598 
 
 205200 
 
 114000 138300 
 
 162600 211200 
 
 35100 
 
 41100 
 
 163 
 
 1560/.6 162094 
 
 109270 133X73 
 
 158470 
 
 207674 115306 139908 ! 164509 213710 
 
 35468 
 
 41605 
 
 164 
 
 157924 
 
 164000 
 
 110548 
 
 135454 
 
 160354 
 
 2101631 116622 141526 166430 216237 
 
 35837 
 
 41911 
 
 165 
 
 159804 
 
 165916 
 
 111833 
 
 137046 
 
 162248 
 
 21266?! 117944 
 
 143153 168361 j 218777 
 
 36208 
 
 42319 
 
 166 
 
 161695 167844 
 
 113126' 138645 j 164154 
 
 215186 119273 
 
 144788 170304' 221334 
 
 36581 
 
 42730 
 
 167 
 
 163597! 169783 
 
 114426! 140255 
 
 166071 
 
 217720' 120610 
 
 146434 172258 223903 
 
 36956 
 
 43142 
 
 168 
 
 165510 171732 
 
 115733 
 
 141873 
 
 167999 220268 
 
 121954 
 
 148089 174223 226489 
 
 37333 
 
 43556 
 
 169 
 
 167 434' 173693 
 
 117048 
 
 143502 
 
 169938 222831 
 
 123307 
 
 149753 176199 229089 
 
 37712 
 
 43972 
 
 170 
 
 169370, 175666 
 
 118370 
 
 145130 
 
 171888 
 
 225409 
 
 124666 
 
 151424 178185 231704 
 
 38092 
 
 44389 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38 
 
 TABLE 16, 
 
 Of cubic yards in a 100-foot station, to be added to, or subtracted from, the quanti- 
 ties in the preceding 15 tables, in case the excavations or embankments should be 
 increased or diminished 2 feet in width. To be used only in rough estimates. 
 
 The most rapid method of performing this operation would be to add together the 
 average heights, or depths, of the equivalent level cuttings or fillings of several con- 
 secutive 100-foot stations, and divide their sum by their number, for an average of 
 them all. The number of cubic yards corresponding to this average height, or depth, 
 when multiplied by the number of stations, will give the content of the entire length, 
 nearly. 
 
 It would, however, be better for the assistant, in cases where the width of roadway 
 differs from those in the preceding tables, to construct at once a new table ; or else to 
 use the diagrams and their tables in the manner described immediately following 
 fig. 4. 
 
 Cubic Yards in a length of 100/ee/,- breadth 2 feet / and of different depths. 
 
 Height 
 or 
 Depth 
 in 
 feet. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Height 
 or 
 Depth 
 in 
 feet. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Height 
 or 
 Depth 
 in 
 feet. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Height 
 or 
 Depth 
 in 
 feet. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Height 
 or 
 Depth 
 in 
 feet. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 5 
 
 3-70 
 
 5 
 
 152 
 
 5 
 
 300 
 
 5 
 
 448 
 
 5 
 
 596 
 
 1 
 
 7-41 
 
 21 
 
 156 
 
 41 
 
 304 
 
 61 
 
 452 
 
 81 
 
 600 
 
 5 
 
 11-1 
 
 5 
 
 159 
 
 5 
 
 307 
 
 5 
 
 456 
 
 5 
 
 604 
 
 2 
 
 14-8 
 
 22 
 
 163 
 
 42 
 
 311 
 
 62 
 
 459 
 
 82 
 
 607 
 
 5 
 
 18-5 
 
 5 
 
 167 
 
 5 
 
 315 
 
 5 
 
 463 
 
 5 
 
 611 
 
 3 
 
 22-2 
 
 23 
 
 170 
 
 43 
 
 319 
 
 63 
 
 467 
 
 83 
 
 615 
 
 5 
 
 25-9 
 
 5 
 
 174 
 
 5 
 
 322 
 
 5 
 
 470 
 
 5 
 
 619 
 
 4 
 
 29-6 
 
 24 
 
 178 
 
 44 
 
 326 
 
 64 
 
 474 
 
 84 
 
 622 
 
 5 
 
 33-3 
 
 5 
 
 181 
 
 5 
 
 330 
 
 5 
 
 478 
 
 5 
 
 626 
 
 5 
 
 37-0 
 
 25 
 
 185 
 
 45 
 
 333 
 
 65 
 
 481 
 
 85 
 
 630 
 
 5 
 
 40-7 
 
 5 
 
 189 
 
 5 
 
 337 
 
 5 
 
 485 
 
 5 
 
 633 
 
 6 
 
 44-4 
 
 26 
 
 193 
 
 46 
 
 341 
 
 66 
 
 489 
 
 86 
 
 637 
 
 5 
 
 48-1 
 
 5 
 
 196 
 
 5 
 
 344 
 
 5 
 
 493 
 
 5 
 
 641 
 
 7 
 
 51-9 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 47 
 
 348 
 
 67 
 
 496 
 
 87 
 
 644 
 
 5 
 
 55-6 
 
 5 
 
 204 
 
 5 
 
 352 
 
 5 
 
 500 
 
 5 
 
 648 
 
 8 
 
 59-3 
 
 28 
 
 207 
 
 48 
 
 356 
 
 68 
 
 504 
 
 88 
 
 652 
 
 5 
 
 63-0 
 
 5 
 
 211 
 
 5 
 
 359 
 
 5 
 
 507 
 
 5 
 
 656 
 
 9 
 
 66-7 
 
 29 
 
 215 
 
 49 
 
 363 
 
 69 
 
 511 
 
 89 
 
 659 
 
 5 
 
 70-4 
 
 5 
 
 219 
 
 5 
 
 367 
 
 .5 
 
 515 
 
 5 
 
 663 
 
 10 
 
 74-1 
 
 30 
 
 222 
 
 50 
 
 370 
 
 70 
 
 519 
 
 90 
 
 667 
 
 5 
 
 77-8 
 
 5 
 
 226 
 
 5 
 
 374 
 
 5 
 
 522 
 
 5 
 
 670 
 
 11 
 
 81-5 
 
 31 
 
 230 
 
 51 
 
 378 
 
 71 
 
 526 
 
 91 
 
 674 
 
 5 
 
 85-2 
 
 5 
 
 233 
 
 5 
 
 381 
 
 5 
 
 530 
 
 5 
 
 678 
 
 12 
 
 88-9 
 
 32 
 
 237 
 
 52 
 
 385 
 
 72 
 
 533 
 
 92 
 
 681 
 
 5 
 
 92-6 
 
 5 
 
 241 
 
 5 
 
 389 
 
 5 
 
 537 
 
 5 
 
 685 
 
 13 
 
 96-3 
 
 33 
 
 244 
 
 53 
 
 393 
 
 73 
 
 541 
 
 93 
 
 689 
 
 5 
 
 100 
 
 5 
 
 248 
 
 5 
 
 396 
 
 5 
 
 544 
 
 5 
 
 C93 
 
 14 
 
 104 
 
 34 
 
 252 
 
 54 
 
 400 
 
 74 
 
 548 
 
 94 
 
 696 
 
 5 
 
 107 
 
 5 
 
 256 
 
 5 
 
 404 
 
 5 
 
 552 
 
 5 
 
 700 
 
 15 
 
 111 
 
 35 
 
 259 
 
 55 
 
 407 
 
 75 
 
 556 
 
 95 
 
 704 
 
 5 
 
 115 
 
 5 
 
 263 
 
 5 
 
 411 
 
 5 
 
 559 
 
 5 
 
 707 
 
 16 
 
 119 
 
 36 
 
 267 
 
 56 
 
 415 
 
 76 
 
 563 
 
 96 
 
 711 
 
 5 
 
 122 
 
 5 
 
 270 
 
 5 
 
 419 
 
 5 
 
 567 
 
 5 
 
 715 
 
 17 
 
 126 
 
 37 
 
 274 
 
 57 
 
 422 
 
 77 
 
 570 
 
 97 
 
 719 
 
 5 
 
 130 
 
 5 
 
 278 
 
 5 
 
 426 
 
 5 
 
 574 
 
 5 
 
 722 
 
 13 
 
 133 
 
 38 
 
 281 
 
 58 
 
 430 
 
 78 
 
 578 
 
 98 
 
 726 
 
 1 ' 5 
 
 137 
 
 5 
 
 285 
 
 5 
 
 433 
 
 5 
 
 581 
 
 5 
 
 730 
 
 19 
 
 141 
 
 39 
 
 289 
 
 59 
 
 437 
 
 79 
 
 585 
 
 99 
 
 733 
 
 \ -5 
 
 144 
 
 5 
 
 293 
 
 5 
 
 441 
 
 5 
 
 589 
 
 5 
 
 737 
 
 20 
 
 148 
 
 40 
 
 296 
 
 60 
 
 444 
 
 80 
 
 593 
 
 100 
 
 741 
 
39 
 
 TABLE 17. 
 
 This Table shows the number of cubic yards of Excavation, or Embankment, corres- 
 ponding to different areas of cross section, and to a length of 100 feet. The areas are 
 expressed in square feet. 
 
 This Table may be extended, by mentally changing the place of the decimal point; thus, 
 the cubic yards corresponding to an area of 1 1 00 square feet will be 10 times that of 1 10 
 square feet, or 4074 ; those corresponding to an area of 8955 square feet will be 10 times 
 that of 895-5 square feet, or 33167. If the number is not exactly divisible by 10, we may 
 still take out the corresponding cubic yards with sufficient accuracy for practice, by using 
 the nearest tabular number; thus, if we take 33167 for the cubic yards corresponding to 
 an area of 8953 square feet, the error will be but about 8 cubic yards in 33000. A mean 
 can, however, always be estimated in an instant by the eye, which will reduce the error to 
 still less; thus it is seen at a glance, that 33157 is, in this instance, nearer than 33167. 
 
 Ere*. 
 .ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yaris. 
 
 Area, 
 sq.ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq.ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 ( .;,, 
 
 lards. 
 
 ! 
 
 3-70 
 
 45 
 
 166-7 
 
 89 
 
 329-6 
 
 5 
 
 431-5 
 
 5 
 
 513-0 
 
 5 
 
 594-4 
 
 2 
 
 7-41 
 
 46 
 
 170-4 
 
 90 
 
 333-3 
 
 117 
 
 433-3 
 
 139 
 
 514-8 
 
 161 
 
 596-3 
 
 3 
 
 11-1 
 
 47 
 
 174-1 
 
 91 
 
 337-0 
 
 5 
 
 435-2 
 
 5 
 
 516-7 
 
 5 
 
 598-2 
 
 4 
 
 14-8 
 
 48 
 
 177-8 
 
 92 
 
 340-7 
 
 118 
 
 437-0 
 
 140 
 
 518-5 
 
 162 
 
 600-0 
 
 5 
 
 18-5 
 
 49 
 
 181-5 
 
 93 
 
 344-4 
 
 5 
 
 438-9 
 
 5 
 
 520-4 
 
 5 
 
 601-9 
 
 6 
 
 22-2 
 
 50 
 
 185-2 
 
 94 
 
 348-2 
 
 119 
 
 440-7 
 
 141 
 
 522-2 
 
 163 
 
 603-7 
 
 7 
 
 25-9 
 
 51 
 
 188-9 
 
 95 
 
 351-9 
 
 5 
 
 442-6 
 
 5 
 
 524-1 
 
 5 
 
 605-6 
 
 8 
 
 29-6 
 
 52 
 
 192-6 
 
 96 i 355-6 
 
 120 
 
 444-4 
 
 142 
 
 525-9 
 
 164 
 
 607-4 
 
 9 
 
 33-3 
 
 53 
 
 196-3 
 
 97 ! 359-3 
 
 5 
 
 446-3 
 
 5 
 
 527-8 
 
 5 
 
 609-3 
 
 10 
 
 37-0 
 
 54 
 
 200-0 
 
 98 
 
 363-0 
 
 121 
 
 448-2 
 
 143 
 
 529-6 
 
 165 
 
 611-1 
 
 11 
 
 40-7 
 
 55 
 
 203-7 
 
 99 
 
 366-7 
 
 5 
 
 450-0 
 
 5 
 
 531-5 
 
 5 
 
 613-0 
 
 12 
 
 44-4 
 
 56 
 
 207-4 
 
 100 
 
 370-4 
 
 122 
 
 451-9 
 
 144 
 
 533-3 
 
 166 
 
 614-8 
 
 13 
 
 48-1 
 
 57 
 
 211-1 
 
 5 
 
 372-2 
 
 5 
 
 453-7 
 
 5 
 
 535-2 
 
 5 
 
 616-7 
 
 14 
 
 51-9 
 
 58 
 
 214-8 
 
 101 
 
 374-1 
 
 123 
 
 455-6 
 
 145 
 
 537-0 
 
 167 
 
 618-5 
 
 15 
 
 55-6 
 
 59 
 
 218-5 
 
 5 
 
 375-9 
 
 5 
 
 457-4 
 
 5 
 
 538-9 
 
 5 
 
 620-4 
 
 16 
 
 59-3 
 
 60 
 
 222-2 
 
 102 
 
 377-8 
 
 124 
 
 459-3 
 
 146 
 
 540-7 
 
 168 
 
 622-2 
 
 17 
 
 63-0 
 
 61 
 
 225-9 
 
 5 
 
 379-6 
 
 5 
 
 461-1 
 
 5 
 
 542-6 
 
 5 
 
 '624-1 
 
 18 
 
 66-7 
 
 62 
 
 229-6 
 
 103 
 
 381-5 
 
 125 
 
 463-0 
 
 147 
 
 544-4 
 
 169 
 
 625-9 
 
 19 
 
 70-4 
 
 63 
 
 233-3 
 
 5 
 
 383-3 
 
 5 
 
 464-8 
 
 5 
 
 546-3 
 
 5 
 
 627-8 
 
 20 
 
 74-1 
 
 64 
 
 237-0 
 
 104 
 
 385-2 
 
 126 
 
 466-7 
 
 148 
 
 548-2 
 
 170 
 
 629-6 
 
 21 
 
 77-8 
 
 65 
 
 240-7 
 
 5 
 
 387-0 
 
 5 
 
 468-5 
 
 5 
 
 550-0 
 
 5 
 
 631-5 
 
 22 
 
 81-5 
 
 66 
 
 244-4 
 
 105 
 
 388-9 
 
 127 
 
 470-4 
 
 149 
 
 551-9 
 
 171 
 
 633-3 
 
 23 
 
 85-2 
 
 67 
 
 248-2 
 
 5 
 
 390-7 
 
 5 
 
 472-2 
 
 5 
 
 553-7 
 
 5 
 
 635-2 
 
 24 
 
 88-9 
 
 68 
 
 251-9 
 
 106 
 
 392-6 
 
 128 
 
 474-1 
 
 150 
 
 555-6 
 
 172 
 
 657-0 
 
 25 
 
 92-6 
 
 69 
 
 255-6 
 
 5 
 
 394-4 
 
 5 
 
 475-9 
 
 5 
 
 557-4 
 
 5 
 
 638-9 
 
 26 
 
 96-3 
 
 70 
 
 259-3 
 
 107 
 
 396-3 
 
 129 
 
 477-8 
 
 151 
 
 559-3 
 
 173 
 
 640-7 
 
 27 
 
 100-0 
 
 71 
 
 263-0 
 
 5 
 
 398-2 
 
 5 
 
 479-6 
 
 5 
 
 561-1 
 
 5 
 
 642-6 
 
 28 
 
 103-7 
 
 72 
 
 266-7 
 
 108 
 
 400-0 
 
 130 
 
 481-5 
 
 152 
 
 563-0 
 
 174 
 
 644-4 
 
 29 
 
 107-4 
 
 73 
 
 270-4 
 
 5 
 
 401-9 
 
 5 
 
 483-3 
 
 5 
 
 564-8 
 
 5 
 
 646-3 
 
 30 
 
 lll-l 
 
 74 
 
 274-1 
 
 109 
 
 403-7 
 
 131 
 
 485-2 
 
 153 
 
 566-7 
 
 175 
 
 618-2 
 
 31 
 
 114-8 
 
 75 
 
 277-8 
 
 5 
 
 405-6 
 
 5 
 
 487-0 
 
 5 
 
 568-5 
 
 5 
 
 650-0 
 
 32 
 
 118-5 
 
 76 
 
 281-5 
 
 110 
 
 407-4 
 
 132 
 
 488-9 
 
 154 
 
 570-4 
 
 176 
 
 .651-9 
 
 33 
 
 122-2 
 
 77 
 
 285-2 
 
 5 
 
 409-3 
 
 5 
 
 490-7 
 
 5 
 
 572-2 
 
 5 
 
 653-7 
 
 34 
 
 125-9 
 
 78 
 
 288-9 
 
 111 
 
 411-1 
 
 133 
 
 492-6 
 
 155 
 
 574-1 
 
 177 
 
 655-6 
 
 35 
 
 129-6 
 
 79 
 
 292-6 
 
 5 
 
 413-0 
 
 5 
 
 494.4 
 
 5 
 
 575-9 
 
 5 
 
 657-4 
 
 36 
 
 133-3 
 
 80 
 
 296-3 
 
 112 
 
 414-8 
 
 134 
 
 496-3 
 
 156 
 
 577-8 
 
 178 
 
 659-3 
 
 37 
 
 137-0 
 
 81 
 
 300-0 
 
 5 
 
 416-7 
 
 5 
 
 498-2 
 
 5 
 
 579-6 
 
 6 
 
 661-1 
 
 38 
 
 140-7 
 
 82 
 
 303-7 
 
 113 
 
 418-5 
 
 135 
 
 500-0 
 
 157 
 
 581-5 
 
 179 
 
 663-0 
 
 39 
 
 144-4 
 
 83 
 
 307-4 
 
 5 
 
 420-4 
 
 5 
 
 501-9 
 
 5 
 
 583-3 
 
 5 
 
 664-8 
 
 40 
 
 148-2 
 
 84 
 
 311-1 
 
 114 
 
 422-2 
 
 136 
 
 503-7 
 
 158 
 
 585-2 
 
 180 
 
 666-7 
 
 41 
 
 151-9 
 
 85 
 
 314-8 
 
 5 
 
 424-1 
 
 5 
 
 5 )5-6 
 
 5 
 
 587-0 
 
 5 
 
 668-5 
 
 42 
 
 155-6 
 
 86 
 
 318.5 
 
 115 
 
 425-9 
 
 137 
 
 5)7-4 
 
 159 
 
 588-9 
 
 181 
 
 670-4 
 
 43 
 
 159-3 
 
 87 
 
 322-2 
 
 5 
 
 427-8 
 
 5 
 
 509-3 
 
 5 
 
 590.7 
 
 5 
 
 672-2 
 
 44 
 
 163-0 
 
 88 
 
 325-9 
 
 116 
 
 429-6 
 
 138 
 
 511-1 
 
 160 
 
 592-6 
 
 182 
 
 671-1 
 
40 
 
 TABU 17. 
 
 Area. 
 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area. 
 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards- 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area 
 sq. ft 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 5 
 
 675-9 
 
 5 
 
 783-3 
 
 5 
 
 890-7 
 
 5 
 
 998-2 
 
 5 
 
 1105-6 
 
 ff 
 
 1213-0 
 
 183 
 
 677-8 
 
 212 
 
 785-2 
 
 241 
 
 892-6 
 
 270 
 
 1000-0 
 
 299 
 
 1107-4 
 
 328 
 
 1214-8 
 
 .c 
 
 J 
 
 679-6 
 
 5 
 
 787-0 
 
 .5 
 
 894-4 
 
 5 
 
 1001-9 
 
 5 
 
 1109-3 
 
 5 
 
 1216-7 
 
 184 
 
 681-5 
 
 213 
 
 788-9 
 
 242 
 
 896-3 
 
 271 
 
 1003-7 
 
 300 
 
 1111-1 
 
 329 
 
 1218-5 
 
 *5 
 
 683-3 
 
 5 
 
 790-7 
 
 5 
 
 898-2 
 
 5 
 
 1005-6 
 
 5 
 
 1113-0 
 
 .P 
 
 1220-4 
 
 185 
 
 685-2 
 
 214 
 
 792-6 
 
 243 
 
 900-0 
 
 272 
 
 1007-4 
 
 301 
 
 1114-8 
 
 330 
 
 1222-2 
 
 .C 
 
 B 
 
 687-0 
 
 5 
 
 794-4 
 
 5 
 
 901-9 
 
 5 
 
 1009-3 
 
 5 
 
 1116 7 
 
 5 
 
 1224-1 
 
 186 
 
 688-9 
 
 215 
 
 796-3 
 
 244 
 
 903-7 
 
 273 
 
 1011-1 
 
 302 
 
 1118-5 
 
 3<31 
 
 1225-9 
 
 -5 
 
 690-7 
 
 5 
 
 798-2 
 
 5 
 
 905-6 
 
 5 
 
 1013-0 
 
 5 
 
 1120-4 
 
 -5 
 
 1227-8 
 
 187 
 
 692-6 
 
 216 
 
 800-0 
 
 245 
 
 907-4 
 
 274 
 
 1014-8 
 
 303 
 
 1122-2 
 
 332 
 
 1229-6 
 
 .e 
 
 J 
 
 694-4 
 
 5 
 
 801-9 
 
 5 
 
 909-3 
 
 .5 
 
 1016-7 
 
 5 
 
 1124-1 
 
 5 
 
 1231-5 
 
 188 
 
 696-3 
 
 217 
 
 803-7 
 
 246 
 
 911-1 
 
 275 
 
 1018-5 
 
 304 
 
 1125-9 
 
 333 
 
 1233-3 
 
 . c 
 
 fl 
 
 698-2 
 
 5 
 
 805-6 
 
 5 
 
 913-0 
 
 5 
 
 1020-4 
 
 5 
 
 1127-8 
 
 5 
 
 1235-2 
 
 189 
 
 700-0 
 
 218 
 
 807-4 
 
 247 
 
 914-8 
 
 276 
 
 1022-2 
 
 305 
 
 1129-6 
 
 334 
 
 1237-0 
 
 5 
 
 701-9 
 
 5 
 
 809-3 
 
 5 
 
 916-7 
 
 5 
 
 1024-1 
 
 5 
 
 1131-5 
 
 5 
 
 1238-9 
 
 190 
 
 703-7 
 
 219 
 
 811-1 
 
 248 
 
 918-5 
 
 277 
 
 1025-9 
 
 306 
 
 1133-3 
 
 335 
 
 1240-7 
 
 5 
 
 705.6 
 
 5 
 
 813-0 
 
 5 
 
 920-4 
 
 5 
 
 1027-8 
 
 5 
 
 1135-2 
 
 -5 
 
 1242-6 
 
 191 
 
 707-4 
 
 220 
 
 814-8 
 
 249 
 
 922-2 
 
 278 
 
 1029-6 
 
 307 
 
 1137-0 
 
 336 
 
 1244-4 
 
 5 
 
 709-3 
 
 5 
 
 816-7 
 
 5 
 
 924-1 
 
 5 
 
 1031-5 
 
 5 
 
 1138-9 
 
 5 
 
 1246-3 
 
 192 
 
 711-1 
 
 221 
 
 818-5 
 
 250 
 
 925-9 
 
 279 
 
 1033-3 
 
 308 
 
 1140-7 
 
 337 
 
 1248-2 
 
 5 
 
 713-0 
 
 5 
 
 820-4 
 
 5 
 
 927-8 
 
 5 
 
 1035-2 
 
 5 
 
 1142-6 
 
 -5 
 
 1250-0 | 
 
 193 
 
 714-8 
 
 222 
 
 822-2 
 
 251 
 
 929-6 
 
 280 
 
 1037-0 
 
 309 
 
 1144-4 
 
 338 
 
 1251-9 
 
 5 
 
 716-7 
 
 5 
 
 824-1 
 
 5 
 
 931-5 
 
 5 
 
 1038-9 
 
 5 
 
 1146-3 
 
 -5 
 
 1253-7 
 
 194 
 
 718-5 
 
 223 
 
 825-9 
 
 252 
 
 933-3 
 
 281 
 
 1040-7 
 
 310 
 
 1148-2 
 
 339 
 
 1255-6 
 
 5 
 
 720-4 
 
 5 
 
 827-8 
 
 5 
 
 935-2 
 
 5 
 
 1042-6 
 
 5 
 
 1150-0 
 
 5 
 
 1257-4 
 
 195 
 
 722-2 
 
 224 
 
 829-6 
 
 253 
 
 937-0 
 
 282 
 
 1044-4 
 
 311 
 
 1151-9 
 
 340 
 
 1259-3 
 
 5 
 
 724-1 
 
 5 
 
 831-5 
 
 5 
 
 938-9 
 
 5 
 
 1046-3 
 
 5 
 
 1153-7 
 
 5 
 
 1261-1 
 
 196 
 
 725-9 
 
 225 
 
 833-3 
 
 254 
 
 940-7 
 
 283 
 
 1048-2 
 
 312 
 
 1155-6 
 
 341 
 
 1263-0 
 
 5 
 
 727-8 
 
 5 
 
 835-2 
 
 5 
 
 942-6 
 
 5 
 
 1050-0 
 
 5 
 
 1157-4 
 
 -5 
 
 1264-8 
 
 197 
 
 729-6 
 
 226 
 
 837-0 
 
 255 
 
 944-4 
 
 284 
 
 1051-9 
 
 313 
 
 1159.3 
 
 342 
 
 1266-7 
 
 5 
 
 731-5 
 
 5 
 
 838-9 
 
 5 
 
 946-3 
 
 5 
 
 1053-7 
 
 5 
 
 1161-1 
 
 *o 
 
 1268-5 
 
 198 
 
 733-3 
 
 227 
 
 840-7 
 
 256 
 
 948-2 
 
 285 
 
 1055-6 
 
 314 
 
 1163-0 
 
 343 
 
 1270-4 
 
 '5 
 
 735-2 
 
 5 
 
 842-6 
 
 5 
 
 950-0 
 
 5 
 
 1057-4 
 
 5 
 
 1164-8 
 
 *o 
 
 1272-2 
 
 199 
 
 737-0 
 
 228 
 
 844-4 
 
 257 
 
 951-9 
 
 286 
 
 1059-3 
 
 315 
 
 1166-7 
 
 344 
 
 1274-1 
 
 5 
 
 738-9 
 
 5 
 
 846-3 
 
 5 
 
 953-7 
 
 5 
 
 1061-1 
 
 5 
 
 1168-5 
 
 5 
 
 1275-9 
 
 200 
 
 740-7 
 
 229 
 
 848-2 
 
 258 
 
 955-6 
 
 287 
 
 1063-0 
 
 316 
 
 1170-4 
 
 345 
 
 1277-8 
 
 5 
 
 742-6 
 
 5 
 
 850-0 
 
 5 
 
 957-4 
 
 5 
 
 1064-8 
 
 5 
 
 1172-2 
 
 5 
 
 1279-6 
 
 201 
 
 744-4 
 
 230 
 
 851-9 
 
 259 
 
 959-3 
 
 288 
 
 1066-7 
 
 317 
 
 1174-1 
 
 346 
 
 1281-5 
 
 5 
 
 746-3 
 
 5 
 
 853-7 
 
 5 
 
 961-1 
 
 5 
 
 1068-5 
 
 5 
 
 1175-9 
 
 5 
 
 1283-3 
 
 202 
 
 748-2 
 
 231 
 
 855-6 
 
 260 
 
 963-0 
 
 289 
 
 1070-4 
 
 318 
 
 1177-8 
 
 347 
 
 1285-2 
 
 5 
 
 750-0 
 
 5 
 
 857-4 
 
 5 
 
 964-8 
 
 5 
 
 1072-2 
 
 5 
 
 1179-6 
 
 5 
 
 1287-0 
 
 203 
 
 751-9 
 
 232 
 
 859-3 
 
 261 
 
 966-7 
 
 290 
 
 1074-1 
 
 319 
 
 1181-5 
 
 348 
 
 1288-9 
 
 5 
 
 753-7 
 
 5 
 
 861-1 
 
 5 
 
 968-5 
 
 5 
 
 1075-9 
 
 5 
 
 1183-3 
 
 5 
 
 1290-7 
 
 204 
 
 755-6 
 
 233 
 
 863-0 
 
 262 
 
 970-4 
 
 291 
 
 1077-8 
 
 320 
 
 1185-2 
 
 349 
 
 1292-6 
 
 5 
 
 757-4 
 
 5 
 
 864-8 
 
 5 
 
 972-2 
 
 5 
 
 1079-6 
 
 5 
 
 1187-0 
 
 5 
 
 1294-4 
 
 205 
 
 759-3 
 
 234 
 
 866-7 
 
 263 
 
 974-1 
 
 292 
 
 1081-5 
 
 321 
 
 1188-9 
 
 350 
 
 1296-3 
 
 5 
 
 761-1 
 
 5 
 
 868-5 
 
 5 
 
 975-9 
 
 5 
 
 1083-3 
 
 5 
 
 1190-7 
 
 5 
 
 1298-2 
 
 206 
 
 763-0 
 
 235 
 
 870-4 
 
 264 
 
 977-8 
 
 293 
 
 1085-2 
 
 322 
 
 1192-6 
 
 351 
 
 1300-0 
 
 5 
 
 764-8 
 
 5 
 
 872-2 
 
 5 
 
 979-6 
 
 5 
 
 1087-0 
 
 5 
 
 1 1 94-4 
 
 .5 
 
 1301-9 
 
 207 
 
 766-7 
 
 236 
 
 874-1 
 
 265 
 
 981-5 
 
 294 
 
 1088-9 
 
 323 
 
 1196-3 
 
 352 
 
 1303-7 
 
 .A 
 
 768-5 
 
 5 
 
 875-9 
 
 5 
 
 983-3 
 
 5 
 
 1090-7 
 
 5 
 
 1198-2 
 
 5 
 
 1305-6 
 
 208 ' 
 
 770-4 
 
 237 
 
 877-8 
 
 266 
 
 985-2 
 
 295 
 
 1092-6 
 
 324 
 
 1200-0 
 
 353 
 
 1307-4 
 
 5 
 
 772-2 
 
 5 
 
 879-6 
 
 5 
 
 987-0 
 
 5 
 
 1094-4 
 
 5 
 
 1201-9 
 
 5 
 
 1309-3 
 
 209 
 
 774-1 
 
 238 
 
 881-5 
 
 267 
 
 988-9 
 
 296 
 
 1096-3 
 
 325 
 
 1203-7 
 
 354 
 
 1311-1 
 
 5 
 
 775-9 
 
 5 
 
 883-3 
 
 5 
 
 990-7 
 
 5 
 
 1098-2 
 
 5 
 
 1205-6 
 
 5 
 
 1313-0 
 
 210 
 
 777-8 
 
 239 
 
 885-2 
 
 268 
 
 992-6 
 
 297 
 
 1100-0 
 
 326 
 
 12074 
 
 355 
 
 1314-8 
 
 g 
 
 779-6 
 
 5 
 
 8S7-0 
 
 5 
 
 994-4 
 
 5 
 
 1101-9 
 
 5 
 
 1209-3 
 
 5 
 
 1316-7 
 
 211 
 
 781-5 
 
 240 
 
 888-9 
 
 269 
 
 996-3 
 
 298 
 
 1103-7 
 
 327 
 
 1211-1 
 
 356 
 
 1318-r 
 
41 
 
 TABLE 17. 
 
 [Area, 
 aq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq.ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area. 
 Bq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq.ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq.ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 
 Yiinl-. 
 
 Area, 
 sq.ft. 
 
 Yard* 
 
 ~ 
 
 1320-4 
 
 5 
 
 1427-8 
 
 5 
 
 1535-2 
 
 5 
 
 1642-6 
 
 5 
 
 1750.0 
 
 5 
 
 1857.4 
 
 357 
 
 1322-2 
 
 386 
 
 1429-6 
 
 415 
 
 1537.0 
 
 444 
 
 1644-4 
 
 473 
 
 1751-9 
 
 502 
 
 1859-3 I 
 
 5 
 
 1324-1 
 
 5 
 
 1431-5 
 
 5 
 
 1538-9 
 
 5 
 
 1646-3 
 
 5 
 
 1753-7 
 
 5 
 
 1861-1 
 
 1358 
 
 1325-9 
 
 387 
 
 1433-3 
 
 416 
 
 1540-7 
 
 445 
 
 1648-2 
 
 474 
 
 1755-6 
 
 503 
 
 1863-0 
 
 5 
 
 1327-8 
 
 5 
 
 1435-2 
 
 5 
 
 1542-6 
 
 5 
 
 1650-0 
 
 5 
 
 1757-4 
 
 5 
 
 1864-8 
 
 359 
 
 1329-6 
 
 388 
 
 1437-0 
 
 417 
 
 1544.4 
 
 446 
 
 1651-9 
 
 475 
 
 1759-3 
 
 504 
 
 1866-7 
 
 5 
 
 1331-5 
 
 5 
 
 1438-9 
 
 5 
 
 1546-3 
 
 5 
 
 1653-7 
 
 .5 
 
 1761-1 
 
 5 
 
 1868-5 
 
 1360 
 
 1333-3 
 
 389 
 
 1440-7 
 
 418 
 
 1548-2 
 
 447 
 
 1655-6 
 
 476 
 
 1763-0 
 
 505 
 
 1870-4 
 
 5 
 
 1335-2 
 
 5 
 
 1442-6 
 
 5 
 
 1550-0 
 
 5 
 
 1657-4 
 
 5 
 
 1764-8 
 
 5 
 
 1872-2 
 
 361 
 
 1337-0 
 
 390 
 
 1444-4 
 
 419 
 
 1551-9 
 
 448 
 
 1659-3 
 
 477 
 
 1766-? 
 
 506 
 
 1874-1 
 
 5 
 
 1338-9 
 
 5 
 
 1446-3 
 
 5 
 
 1553-7 
 
 5 
 
 1661-1 
 
 5 
 
 1768-5 
 
 5 
 
 1875-9 
 
 362 
 
 1340-7 
 
 391 
 
 1448-2 
 
 420 
 
 1555-6 
 
 449 
 
 1663-0 
 
 478 
 
 1770-4 
 
 507 
 
 1877-8 
 
 5 
 
 1342-6 
 
 5 
 
 1450-0 
 
 5 
 
 1557-4 
 
 5 
 
 1664-8 
 
 5 
 
 1772-2 
 
 5 
 
 1879-6 
 
 363 
 
 1344-4 
 
 392 
 
 1451-9 
 
 421 
 
 1559-3 
 
 450 
 
 1666-7 
 
 479 
 
 1774-1 
 
 508 
 
 1881-5 
 
 5 
 
 1346-3 
 
 5 
 
 1453-7 
 
 5 
 
 1561-1 
 
 5 
 
 1668-5 
 
 5 
 
 1775-9 
 
 5 
 
 1883-3 
 
 364 
 
 1348-2 
 
 393 
 
 1455-6 
 
 422 
 
 1563-0 
 
 451 
 
 1670-4 
 
 480 
 
 1777-8 
 
 509 
 
 1885-2 
 
 5 
 
 1350-0 
 
 5 
 
 1457-4 
 
 5 
 
 1564-8 
 
 5 
 
 1672-2 
 
 5 
 
 1779-6 
 
 5 
 
 1887-0 I 
 
 365 
 
 1351-9 
 
 394 
 
 1459-3 
 
 423 
 
 1566-7 
 
 452 
 
 1674-1 
 
 481 
 
 1781-5 
 
 510 
 
 1888-9 
 
 5 
 
 1353-7 
 
 5 
 
 1461-1 
 
 
 
 1568-5 
 
 5 
 
 1675-9 
 
 5 
 
 1783-3 
 
 5 
 
 1890-7 
 
 366 
 
 1355-6 
 
 395 
 
 1463-0 
 
 424 
 
 1570-4 
 
 453 
 
 1677-8 
 
 '482 
 
 1785-2 
 
 511 
 
 1892-6 
 
 5 
 
 1357-4 
 
 5 
 
 1464-8 
 
 5 
 
 1572-2 
 
 5 
 
 1679-6 
 
 5 
 
 1787-0 
 
 5 
 
 1894-4 
 
 367 
 
 1359-3 
 
 396 
 
 1466-7 
 
 425 
 
 1574-1 
 
 454 
 
 1681-5 
 
 483 
 
 1788-9 
 
 512 
 
 1896-3 
 
 5 
 
 1-361-1 
 
 .5 
 
 1468-5 
 
 5 
 
 1575-9 
 
 .5 
 
 1683-3 
 
 5 
 
 1790-7 
 
 5 
 
 1898-2 
 
 368 
 
 1363-0 
 
 397 
 
 1470-4 
 
 426 
 
 1577-8 
 
 455 
 
 1685-2 
 
 484 
 
 1792-6 
 
 513 
 
 1900-0 
 
 5 
 
 1364-8 
 
 5 
 
 1472-2 
 
 5 
 
 1579-6 
 
 5 
 
 1687-0 
 
 5 
 
 1794-4 
 
 5 
 
 1901-9 
 
 369 
 
 1366-7 
 
 398 
 
 1474-1 
 
 427 
 
 1581-5 
 
 456 
 
 1688-9 
 
 485 
 
 1796-3 
 
 514 
 
 1903-7 
 
 5 
 
 1368-5 
 
 5 
 
 1475-9 
 
 5 
 
 1583-3 
 
 5 
 
 1690-7 
 
 5 
 
 1798-2 
 
 5 
 
 1905-6 
 
 370 
 
 1370-4 
 
 399 
 
 1477-8 
 
 428 
 
 1585-2 
 
 457 
 
 1692-6 
 
 486 
 
 1800-0 
 
 515 
 
 1907-4 
 
 5 
 
 1372-2 
 
 5 
 
 1479-6 
 
 5 
 
 1587-0 
 
 5 
 
 1694-4 
 
 .5 
 
 1801-9 
 
 5 
 
 1909-3 
 
 371 
 
 1374-1 
 
 400 
 
 1481-5 
 
 429 
 
 1588-9 
 
 458 
 
 1696-3 
 
 487 
 
 1803-7 
 
 516 
 
 1911-1 
 
 5 
 
 1375-9 
 
 5 
 
 1483-3 
 
 5 
 
 1590-7 
 
 5 
 
 1698-2 
 
 5 
 
 1805-6 
 
 5 
 
 1913-0 
 
 372 
 
 1377-8 
 
 401 
 
 1485-2 
 
 430 
 
 1592-6 
 
 459 
 
 1700-0 
 
 488 
 
 1807-4 
 
 517 
 
 1914-8 
 
 5 
 
 1379-6 
 
 5 
 
 1487-0 
 
 5 
 
 1594-4 
 
 5 
 
 1701-9 
 
 5 
 
 1809-3 
 
 5 
 
 1916-7 
 
 373 
 
 1381-5 
 
 402 
 
 1488-9 
 
 431 
 
 1596-3 
 
 460 
 
 1703-7 
 
 489 
 
 1811-1 
 
 518 
 
 1918-5 
 
 5 
 
 1383-3 
 
 5 
 
 1490-7 
 
 5 
 
 1598-2 
 
 5 
 
 1705-6 
 
 5 
 
 1813-0 
 
 5 
 
 1920-4! 
 
 374 
 
 1385-2 
 
 403 
 
 1492-6 
 
 432 
 
 1600-0 
 
 461 
 
 1707-4 
 
 490 
 
 1814-8 
 
 519 
 
 1922-2 ; 
 
 5 
 
 1387-0 
 
 5 
 
 1494-4 
 
 5 
 
 1601-9 
 
 5 
 
 1709-3 
 
 5 
 
 1816-7 
 
 5 
 
 1924-1 ; 
 
 375 
 
 1388-9 
 
 404 
 
 1496-3 
 
 433 
 
 1603-7 
 
 462 
 
 1711-1 
 
 491 
 
 1818-5 
 
 520 
 
 1925-9 
 
 5 
 
 1390-7 
 
 5 
 
 1498-2 
 
 5 
 
 1605-6 
 
 5 
 
 1713-0 
 
 5 
 
 1820-4 
 
 5 
 
 1927-8 
 
 376 
 
 1392-6 
 
 405 
 
 1500-0 
 
 434 
 
 1607-4 
 
 463 
 
 1714-8 
 
 492 
 
 1822-2 
 
 521 
 
 1929-6 
 
 5 
 
 1394-4 
 
 5 
 
 1501-9 
 
 5 
 
 1609-3 
 
 5 
 
 1716-7 
 
 5 
 
 1824-1 
 
 5 
 
 1931-5 
 
 377 
 
 1396-3 
 
 406 
 
 1503-7 
 
 435 
 
 1611.1 
 
 464 
 
 1718-5 
 
 493 
 
 1825-9 
 
 522 
 
 1933-3 
 
 5 
 
 1398-2 
 
 5 
 
 1505-6 
 
 5 
 
 1613-0 
 
 5 
 
 1720-4 
 
 5 
 
 1827-8 
 
 5 
 
 1935-2 
 
 378 
 
 1400-0 
 
 407 
 
 1507-4 
 
 436 
 
 1614-8 
 
 465 
 
 1722-2 
 
 494 
 
 1829-6 
 
 523 
 
 1937-0 
 
 5 
 
 1401-9 
 
 5 
 
 1509-3 
 
 5 
 
 1616-7 
 
 5 
 
 1724-1 
 
 5 
 
 1831-5 
 
 5 
 
 193S-9 
 
 379 
 
 1403-7 
 
 408 
 
 1511-1 
 
 437 
 
 1618-5 
 
 466 
 
 1725-9 
 
 495 
 
 1833-3 
 
 524 
 
 1940-7 
 
 5 
 
 1405-6 
 
 5 
 
 1513-0 
 
 5 
 
 1620-4 
 
 5 
 
 1727-8 
 
 5 
 
 1835-2 
 
 5 
 
 1942-6 
 
 380 
 
 1407-4 
 
 409 
 
 1514-8 
 
 438 
 
 1622-2 
 
 467 
 
 1729-6 
 
 496 
 
 18370 
 
 525 
 
 1944-4 
 
 5 
 
 1409-3 
 
 5 
 
 1516-7 
 
 5 
 
 1624-1 
 
 5 
 
 1731-5 
 
 5 
 
 1838-9 
 
 5 
 
 1946-3 
 
 381 
 
 1411-1 
 
 410 
 
 1518-5 
 
 439 
 
 1625-9 
 
 468 
 
 1733-3 
 
 497 
 
 1840-7 
 
 526 
 
 1948-2 
 
 5 
 
 1413-0 
 
 5 
 
 1520-4 
 
 5 
 
 1627-8 
 
 5 
 
 1735-2 
 
 5 
 
 1842-6 
 
 5 
 
 1950-0 
 
 382 
 
 1414-8 
 
 411 
 
 1522-2 
 
 440 
 
 1629-6 
 
 469 
 
 1737-0 
 
 498 
 
 1844-4 
 
 527 
 
 1951-9 
 
 5 
 
 1416-7 
 
 5 
 
 1524-1 
 
 5 
 
 1631-5 
 
 5 
 
 1738-9 
 
 5 
 
 1846-3 
 
 5 
 
 1953-7 
 
 383 
 
 1418-5 
 
 412 
 
 1525-9 
 
 441 
 
 1633-3 
 
 470 
 
 1740-7 
 
 499 
 
 1848-2 
 
 528 
 
 1955-6 
 
 5 
 
 1420-4 
 
 5 
 
 1527-8 
 
 5 
 
 1635-2 
 
 5 
 
 1742-6 
 
 5 
 
 1850-0 
 
 5 
 
 1957-4 
 
 384 
 
 1422-2 
 
 413 
 
 1529-6 
 
 442 
 
 1637-0 
 
 471 
 
 1744-4 
 
 500 
 
 1851-9 
 
 529 
 
 1959-3 
 
 5 
 
 1424-1 
 
 5 1531-5 
 
 5 
 
 1638-9 
 
 5 
 
 1746-3 
 
 5 
 
 1853-7 
 
 5 1961-1 
 
 385 
 
 1425-9 
 
 414 1533-3 
 
 443 
 
 1640-7 
 
 472 
 
 1748-2 
 
 501 
 
 1855-6 
 
 530 1963-0 
 
42 
 
 TABLE 17. 
 
 J Area.1 Cubic 
 eq. ft. Yards. 
 
 Area. 
 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area 
 sq. ft 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 5 1964-8 
 
 5 
 
 2072-2 
 
 5 
 
 2179-6 
 
 '5 
 
 2287-0 
 
 5 
 
 2394-4 
 
 5 
 
 2501-9 
 
 531 , 1966-7 
 
 560 
 
 2074-1 
 
 589 
 
 2181-5 
 
 618 
 
 2-288-9 
 
 647 
 
 2396-3 
 
 676 
 
 2503.7 
 
 5 
 
 1968-5 
 
 5 
 
 2075-9 
 
 5 
 
 2183-3 
 
 5 
 
 2290-7 
 
 5 
 
 2398-2 
 
 5 
 
 2505-6 
 
 532 
 
 1970-4 
 
 561 
 
 2077-8 
 
 590 
 
 2185-2 
 
 619 
 
 2292-6 
 
 648 
 
 2400-0 
 
 677 
 
 2507-4 
 
 5 
 
 1972-2 
 
 5 
 
 2079-6 
 
 5 
 
 2187-0 
 
 5 
 
 2294-4 
 
 5 
 
 2401-9 
 
 5 
 
 2509-3 
 
 533 
 
 1974-1 
 
 562 
 
 2081-5 
 
 591 
 
 2188-9 
 
 620 
 
 2296-3 
 
 649 
 
 2403-7 
 
 678 
 
 2511-1 
 
 5 
 
 1975-9 
 
 5 
 
 2083-3 
 
 5 
 
 2190-7 
 
 5 
 
 22982 
 
 5 
 
 2405-6 
 
 5 
 
 2513-0 
 
 534 
 
 1977-8 
 
 563 
 
 2085-2 
 
 592 
 
 2192-6 
 
 621 
 
 2300-1 
 
 650 
 
 2407-4 
 
 679 
 
 2514-8 
 
 5 
 
 1979-6 
 
 5 
 
 2087-0 
 
 5 
 
 2194-4 
 
 5 
 
 2301-9 
 
 5 
 
 2409-3 
 
 5 
 
 2516-7 
 
 535 
 
 1981-5 
 
 564 
 
 2088-9 
 
 593 
 
 2196-3 
 
 622 
 
 2303-7 
 
 651 
 
 2411-1 
 
 680 
 
 2518-5 
 
 5 
 
 1983-3 
 
 5 
 
 2090-7 
 
 5 
 
 2198-2 
 
 5 
 
 2305-6 
 
 5 
 
 2413-0 
 
 5 
 
 2520-4 
 
 536 
 
 ,1985-2 
 
 565 
 
 2092-6 
 
 594 
 
 2200-0 
 
 623 
 
 2307-4 
 
 652 
 
 2414-8 
 
 681 
 
 2522-2 
 
 5 
 
 1987-0 
 
 5 
 
 2094-4 
 
 5 
 
 2201-9 
 
 5 
 
 2309-3 
 
 5 
 
 2416-7 
 
 5 
 
 2524-1 
 
 537 1988-9 
 
 566 
 
 2096-3 
 
 595 
 
 2203-7 
 
 624 
 
 2311-1 
 
 653 
 
 2418-5 
 
 682 
 
 2525-9 
 
 5 
 
 1990-7 
 
 5 
 
 2098-2 
 
 5 
 
 2205-6 
 
 5 
 
 2313-0 
 
 5 
 
 2420-4 
 
 5 
 
 2527-8 
 
 538 
 
 1992-6 
 
 567 
 
 2100-0 
 
 596 
 
 2207-4 
 
 625 
 
 2314-8 
 
 654 
 
 2422-2 
 
 683 
 
 2529-6 
 
 5 1994-4 
 
 5 
 
 2101-9 
 
 -5 
 
 22093 
 
 5 
 
 23167 
 
 5 
 
 2424-1 
 
 5 
 
 2531-5 
 
 539 1996-3 
 
 568 
 
 2103-7 
 
 597 
 
 2211-1 
 
 626 
 
 2318-5 
 
 655 
 
 2425-9 
 
 684 
 
 2533-3 
 
 5 1998-2 
 
 5 
 
 2105-6 
 
 5 
 
 2213-0 
 
 5 
 
 2320-4 
 
 5 
 
 2427.8 
 
 5 
 
 2535-2 
 
 540 
 
 2000-0 
 
 569 
 
 2107-4 
 
 598 
 
 2214-8 
 
 627 
 
 2322-2 
 
 656 
 
 2429-6 
 
 685 
 
 2537-0 
 
 5 
 
 2001-9 
 
 5 
 
 2109-3 
 
 5 
 
 2?16-7 
 
 5 
 
 2324-1 
 
 5 
 
 2431-5 
 
 5 
 
 2538-9 
 
 541 2003-7 
 
 570 
 
 2111-1 
 
 599 
 
 2218-5 
 
 628 
 
 2325-9 
 
 657 
 
 2433-3 
 
 686 
 
 2540-7 
 
 5 2005-6 
 
 5 
 
 2113-0 
 
 -5 
 
 2220-4 
 
 5 
 
 2327-8 
 
 5 
 
 2435-2 
 
 5 
 
 2542-6 
 
 542 '2007-4 
 
 571 
 
 2114-8 
 
 600 
 
 2222-2 
 
 629 
 
 2329-6 
 
 658 
 
 2437-0 
 
 687 
 
 2544-4 
 
 5 2009-3 
 
 5 
 
 2116-7 
 
 -5 
 
 2224-1 
 
 -5 
 
 2331-5 
 
 5 
 
 2438-9 
 
 5 
 
 2546-3 
 
 543 2011-1 
 
 572 
 
 2118-5 
 
 601 
 
 2225-9 
 
 630 
 
 2333-3 
 
 659 
 
 2440-7 
 
 688 
 
 2548-2 
 
 5 2013-0 
 
 -5 
 
 2120-4 
 
 5 
 
 2227-8 
 
 5 
 
 2335-2 
 
 5 
 
 2442-6 
 
 5 
 
 2550-0 
 
 544 2014-8 
 
 573 
 
 2122-2 
 
 602 
 
 2229-6 
 
 631 
 
 2337-0 
 
 660 
 
 2444-4 
 
 689 
 
 2551-9 
 
 5 2016-7 
 
 5 
 
 2124-1 
 
 5 
 
 2231-5 
 
 .5 
 
 2338-9 
 
 5 
 
 2446-3 
 
 5 
 
 2553-7 
 
 545 2018-5 
 
 574 
 
 2125-9 
 
 603 
 
 2233-3 
 
 632 
 
 2340-7 
 
 661 
 
 244.8-2 
 
 690 
 
 2555-6 
 
 5 2020-4 
 
 -5 
 
 2127-8 
 
 -5 
 
 2235-2 
 
 5 
 
 2342-6 
 
 5 
 
 2450-0 
 
 5 
 
 2557-4 
 
 546 2022-2 
 
 575 
 
 2129-6 
 
 604 
 
 2237-0 
 
 633 
 
 2344-4 
 
 662 
 
 2451-9 
 
 691 
 
 2559-3 
 
 5 2024.1 
 
 -5 
 
 2131-5 
 
 5 
 
 2238-9 
 
 .5 
 
 2346-3 
 
 5 
 
 2453-7 
 
 5 
 
 2561-1 
 
 547 2025-9 
 
 576 
 
 2133-3 
 
 605 
 
 2240-7 
 
 634 
 
 2348-2 
 
 663 
 
 2455-6 
 
 692 
 
 2563-0 
 
 5 2027-8 
 
 5 
 
 2135-2 
 
 5 
 
 2242-6 
 
 5 
 
 2350-0 
 
 5 
 
 2457-4 
 
 5 
 
 2564-8 
 
 548 2029-6 
 
 577 
 
 2137-0 
 
 606 
 
 22444 
 
 635 
 
 2351-9 
 
 664 
 
 2459-3 
 
 693 
 
 2566-7 
 
 5 2031-5 
 
 5 
 
 2138-9 
 
 -5 
 
 2246-3 
 
 .5 
 
 2353-7 
 
 5 
 
 2461-1 
 
 5 
 
 2568-5 
 
 549 
 
 2033-3 
 
 578 
 
 2140-7 
 
 607 
 
 2248-2 
 
 636 
 
 2355-6 
 
 665 
 
 2463-0 
 
 694 
 
 2570-4 
 
 5 
 
 2035-2 
 
 -5 
 
 2142-6 
 
 5 
 
 2250-0 
 
 .5 
 
 2357-4 
 
 5 
 
 2464-8 
 
 5 
 
 2572-2 
 
 550 
 
 2037-0 
 
 579 
 
 2144-4 
 
 608 
 
 2251-9 
 
 637 
 
 2359-3 
 
 666 
 
 2466-7 
 
 695 
 
 2574-1 
 
 5 
 
 2038-9 
 
 -5 
 
 2146-3 
 
 5 
 
 2253-7 
 
 .5 
 
 2361-1 
 
 5 
 
 2468-5 
 
 5 
 
 2575-9 
 
 551 
 
 2040-7 
 
 580 
 
 2148-2 
 
 609 
 
 2255-6 
 
 638 
 
 2363-0 
 
 667 
 
 2470-4 
 
 696 
 
 2577-8 
 
 8 
 
 2042-6 
 
 -5 
 
 2150-0 
 
 5 
 
 2257-4 
 
 .5 
 
 2364-8 
 
 5 
 
 2472-2 
 
 -5 
 
 2579-6 
 
 552 
 
 2044-4 
 
 581 
 
 2151-9 
 
 610 
 
 2259-3 
 
 639 
 
 2366-7 
 
 668 
 
 2474-1 
 
 697 
 
 2581-5 
 
 5 
 
 2046'3 
 
 5 
 
 2153-7 
 
 -5 
 
 2261-1 
 
 .5 
 
 2368-5 
 
 5 
 
 2475-9 
 
 5 
 
 2583-3 
 
 553 
 
 2048-2 
 
 582 
 
 2155-6 
 
 611 
 
 2263-0 
 
 640 
 
 2370-4 
 
 669 
 
 2477-8 
 
 698 
 
 2585-2 
 
 5 
 
 2050-0 
 
 5 
 
 2157-4 
 
 -5 
 
 2264-8 
 
 .5 
 
 2372-2 
 
 .'5 
 
 2479-6 
 
 5 
 
 2587.0 
 
 554 
 
 2051-9 
 
 583 
 
 2159-3 
 
 612 
 
 2266-7 
 
 641 
 
 2374-1 
 
 670 
 
 2481-5 
 
 699 
 
 2588-9 
 
 5 
 
 2053-7 
 
 -5 
 
 2161-1 
 
 5 
 
 2268-5 
 
 .5 
 
 2375-9 
 
 5 
 
 2483-3 
 
 5 
 
 2590-7 
 
 555 
 
 2055-6 
 
 584 
 
 2163-0 
 
 613 
 
 2270-4 
 
 642 
 
 2377-8 
 
 671 
 
 2485-? 
 
 700 
 
 2592-6 
 
 5 
 
 2057-4 
 
 5 
 
 2164-8 
 
 5 
 
 2272-2 
 
 .5 
 
 2379-6 
 
 5 
 
 2487-0 
 
 5 
 
 2594-4 
 
 556 
 
 2059-3 
 
 585 
 
 2166-7 
 
 614 
 
 2274-1 
 
 643 
 
 2381-2 
 
 672 
 
 2488-9 
 
 701 
 
 2596-3 
 
 5 
 
 2061-1 
 
 5 
 
 2168-5 
 
 5 
 
 2275-9 
 
 .5 
 
 2383-3 
 
 5 
 
 2490-7 
 
 5 
 
 2598-2 
 
 557 
 
 2063-0 
 
 586 
 
 2170-4 
 
 615 
 
 2277-8 
 
 644 
 
 2385.2 
 
 673 
 
 2492-6 
 
 702 
 
 2600-0 
 
 5 
 
 2064-8 
 
 5 
 
 2172-2 
 
 5 
 
 2279-6 
 
 .5 
 
 2387-0 
 
 5 
 
 2494-4 
 
 5 
 
 2601-9 
 
 558 
 
 2066-7 
 
 587 
 
 2174-1 
 
 616 
 
 2281-5 
 
 645 
 
 2388-9 
 
 674 
 
 2496-3 
 
 703 
 
 2603-7 
 
 5 
 
 2068-5 
 
 -5 
 
 2175-9 
 
 5 
 
 2283-3 
 
 .5 
 
 2390-7 
 
 5 
 
 2498-2 
 
 5 
 
 2605-6 
 
 559 
 
 2070-4 
 
 588 12177-8 
 
 617 
 
 2285-2 
 
 646 
 
 2392-6 
 
 675 
 
 2500-0 
 
 704 
 
 2607-4 
 
43 
 
 TABLE 17. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 Area. 
 
 Cubic 
 
 Area. 
 
 Cubic 
 
 Area. 
 
 Cubic 
 
 Area. 
 
 Cubic 
 
 Area. 
 
 Cubic 
 
 Area. 
 
 fubi; 
 
 1. it. 
 
 Yards. 
 
 sq. ft- 
 
 Yards. 
 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Yards. 
 
 sq.ft. 
 
 Yards. 
 
 sq.ft. 
 
 Yaids. 
 
 81. ft. 
 
 Yard . 
 
 5 
 
 2609-3 
 
 .5 
 
 2716-7 
 
 5 
 
 2824-1 
 
 5 
 
 2931-5 
 
 5 
 
 3038-9 
 
 5 
 
 3146-3 
 
 705 
 
 2611-1 
 
 734 
 
 2718-5 
 
 763 
 
 2825-9 
 
 792 
 
 2933-3 
 
 821 
 
 3040-7 
 
 850 
 
 3148-2 
 
 5 
 
 2613-0 
 
 5 
 
 2720-4 
 
 5 
 
 2827-8 
 
 5 
 
 2935-2 
 
 5 
 
 3042-6 
 
 5 
 
 3150-0 
 
 706 
 
 2614-8 
 
 735 
 
 2722-2 
 
 764 
 
 2829-6 
 
 793 
 
 2937-0 
 
 822 
 
 3044-4 
 
 851 
 
 3151-9 
 
 5 
 
 2616-7 '5 
 
 2724-1 
 
 5 
 
 2831-5 
 
 5 
 
 2938-9 
 
 .5 
 
 3046-3 
 
 5 
 
 3153-7 
 
 707 ; 2618-5 736 
 
 2725-9 
 
 765 
 
 2833-3 
 
 794 
 
 2940-7 
 
 823 
 
 3048-2 
 
 852 
 
 3155-6 
 
 5 
 
 2620-4 
 
 5 
 
 2727-8 
 
 5 
 
 2835-2 
 
 5 
 
 2942-6 
 
 5 
 
 3050-0 
 
 5 
 
 3157-4 
 
 708 
 
 2622-2 
 
 737 
 
 2729-6 
 
 766 
 
 2837-0 
 
 795 
 
 2944-4 
 
 824 
 
 3051-9 
 
 853 
 
 3159-3 
 
 5 
 
 2624-1 
 
 5 
 
 2731-5 
 
 5 
 
 2838-9 
 
 5 
 
 2946-3 
 
 5 
 
 3053-7 
 
 5 
 
 3161-1 
 
 709 
 
 2625-9 
 
 738 
 
 2733-3 
 
 767 
 
 2840-7 
 
 796 
 
 2948-2 
 
 825 
 
 3055-6 
 
 854 
 
 3163-0 
 
 5 
 
 2627.8 
 
 5 
 
 2735-2 
 
 5 
 
 2842-6 
 
 5 
 
 2950-0 
 
 5 
 
 3057-4 
 
 5 
 
 3164-8 
 
 710 
 
 2629-6 
 
 739 
 
 2737-0 
 
 768 
 
 2844-4 
 
 797 
 
 2951-9 
 
 826 
 
 3059-3 
 
 855 
 
 3166-7 
 
 5 
 
 2631-5 
 
 5 
 
 2738-9 
 
 5 
 
 2846-3 
 
 5 
 
 2953-7 
 
 5 
 
 3061-1 
 
 5 
 
 3168-5 
 
 711 
 
 2633-3 
 
 740 
 
 2740-7 
 
 769 
 
 2848-2 
 
 798 
 
 2955-6 
 
 827 
 
 3063-0 
 
 856 
 
 3170-4 
 
 5 
 
 2635-2 
 
 5 
 
 2742-6 
 
 5 
 
 2850-0 
 
 5 
 
 2957-4 
 
 5 
 
 3064-8 
 
 5 
 
 3172-2 
 
 712 
 
 2637-0 
 
 741 
 
 2744-4 
 
 770 
 
 2851-9 
 
 799 
 
 2959-3 
 
 828 
 
 3066-7 
 
 857 
 
 3174-1 
 
 5 
 
 2638-9 
 
 5 
 
 2746-3 
 
 5 
 
 2853-7 
 
 5 2961-1 
 
 5 
 
 3068.5 
 
 5 
 
 3I7V9 
 
 713 
 
 2640-7 
 
 742 
 
 2748-2 
 
 771 
 
 2855-6 
 
 800 2963-0 
 
 829 
 
 3070-4 
 
 858 
 
 3177-8 1 
 
 5 
 
 2642-6 
 
 5 
 
 2750-0 
 
 5 
 
 2857-4 
 
 5 2964-8 
 
 5 
 
 3072-2 
 
 5 
 
 3179-6 | 
 
 714 
 
 2644-4 
 
 743 
 
 2751-9 
 
 772 
 
 2859-3 
 
 801 2966.7 
 
 830 
 
 3074.1 
 
 859 
 
 3181-5 
 
 5 
 
 2646-3 
 
 5 
 
 2753-7 
 
 5 
 
 2861-1 
 
 5 
 
 2968-5 
 
 5 
 
 3075-9 
 
 5 
 
 3183-3 
 
 715 
 
 2648-2 
 
 744 
 
 2755-6 
 
 773 
 
 2863-0 
 
 802 
 
 2970-4 
 
 831 
 
 3077-8 
 
 860 
 
 3185-2 
 
 5 
 
 2650-0 
 
 5 
 
 2757-4 
 
 5 
 
 2864-8 
 
 5 
 
 2972.2 
 
 5 
 
 3079-6 
 
 5 
 
 3187-0! 
 
 716 
 
 2651-9 
 
 745 
 
 2759-3 
 
 774 
 
 2866-7 
 
 803 
 
 2974-1 
 
 832 
 
 3081-5 
 
 861 
 
 3188-9 
 
 5 
 
 2653-7 
 
 5 
 
 2761-1 
 
 5 
 
 2868-5 
 
 5 
 
 2975-9 
 
 5 
 
 3083-3 
 
 5 
 
 3190-7 
 
 717 
 
 2655-6 
 
 746 
 
 2763-0 
 
 775 
 
 2870-4 
 
 804 
 
 2977-8 
 
 833 
 
 3085-2 
 
 862 
 
 3192-6 
 
 5 
 
 2657-4 
 
 5 
 
 2764-8 
 
 5 
 
 2872-2 
 
 5 
 
 2979-6 
 
 5 
 
 3087-0 
 
 5 
 
 3194-4 
 
 718 
 
 26593 
 
 747 
 
 2766-7 
 
 776 
 
 2874-1 
 
 805 
 
 2981-5 
 
 834 
 
 3088-9 
 
 863 
 
 3196-3 
 
 5 
 
 2661 1 
 
 5 
 
 2768-5 
 
 5 
 
 2875-9 
 
 5 
 
 2983-3 
 
 5 
 
 3090-7 
 
 5 
 
 3198-2 
 
 719 
 
 2663.0 
 
 748 
 
 2770-4 
 
 777 
 
 2877-8 
 
 806 
 
 2985-2 
 
 835 
 
 3092-6 
 
 864 
 
 3200-0 
 
 .e 
 
 H 
 
 2664-8 
 
 5 
 
 2772-2 
 
 5 
 
 2879-6 
 
 5 
 
 2987-0 
 
 5 
 
 3094-4 
 
 5 
 
 3201-9 
 
 720 
 
 2666-7 
 
 749 
 
 2774-1 
 
 778 
 
 2881-5 
 
 807 
 
 2988-9 
 
 836 
 
 3096-3 
 
 865 
 
 3203-7 
 
 *s 
 
 2668-5 
 
 5 
 
 2775-9 
 
 5 
 
 2883-3 
 
 5 
 
 2990-7 
 
 5 
 
 3098-2 
 
 5 
 
 3205-6 
 
 721 
 
 2670.4 
 
 750 
 
 2777-8 
 
 779 
 
 2885-2 
 
 808 
 
 2992-6 
 
 837 
 
 3100-0 
 
 866 
 
 3207-4 
 
 5 
 
 2672-2 
 
 5 
 
 2779-6 
 
 5 
 
 2887-0 
 
 5 
 
 2994-4 
 
 5 
 
 3101-9 
 
 5 
 
 3209-3 
 
 722 
 
 2674-1 
 
 751 
 
 2781-5 
 
 780 
 
 2888-9 
 
 809 
 
 2996-3 
 
 838 
 
 3103-7 
 
 867 
 
 3211-1 
 
 5 
 
 2675-9 
 
 5 
 
 2783-3 
 
 5 
 
 2890-7 
 
 5 
 
 2998-2 
 
 5 
 
 3105-6 
 
 5 
 
 3213-0 
 
 723 
 
 2677-8 
 
 752 
 
 2785-2 
 
 781 
 
 2892-6 
 
 810 
 
 3000-0 
 
 839 
 
 3107-4 
 
 868 
 
 3214-8 
 
 5 
 
 2679-6 
 
 5 
 
 2787-0 
 
 5 
 
 2894-4 
 
 5 
 
 3001-9 
 
 5 
 
 3109-3 
 
 5 
 
 3216-7 
 
 724 2681-5 
 
 753 
 
 2788-9 
 
 782 
 
 2896-3 
 
 811 
 
 3003-7 
 
 840 
 
 3111-1 
 
 869 
 
 3218-5 
 
 5 
 
 2683-3 
 
 5 
 
 2790-7 
 
 5 
 
 2898-2 
 
 5 
 
 3005-6 
 
 5 
 
 3113-0 
 
 5 
 
 3220-4 
 
 725 
 
 2685-2 
 
 754 
 
 2792.6 
 
 783 
 
 2900-0 
 
 812 
 
 3007-4 
 
 841 
 
 3114-8 
 
 870 
 
 3222-2 
 
 5 
 
 2687-0 
 
 5 
 
 2794-4 
 
 5 
 
 2901-9 
 
 5 
 
 3009-3 
 
 5 
 
 3116-7 
 
 5 
 
 3224- 1 1 
 
 726 
 
 2688-9 
 
 755 
 
 2796-3 
 
 784 
 
 2903-7 
 
 813 
 
 3011-1 
 
 842 
 
 3118-5 
 
 871 
 
 3225-9 
 
 5 
 
 2690-7 
 
 5 
 
 2798-2 
 
 5 
 
 2905-6 
 
 5 
 
 3013-0 
 
 5 
 
 3120-4 
 
 5 
 
 3227-8 
 
 727 
 
 2692-6 
 
 756 
 
 2800-0 
 
 785 
 
 2907-4 
 
 814 
 
 3014-8 
 
 843 
 
 3122-2 
 
 872 
 
 3229-6 j 
 
 5 2694-4 
 
 5 
 
 2801-9 
 
 5 
 
 2909-3 
 
 5 
 
 3016-7 
 
 5 
 
 3124-1 
 
 5 
 
 3231-5 
 
 728 
 
 2696-3 
 
 757 
 
 2803-7 
 
 786 
 
 2911-1 
 
 815 
 
 3018-5 
 
 844 
 
 3125-9 
 
 873 
 
 3233-3 
 
 5 
 
 2698-2 
 
 5 
 
 2805-6 
 
 5 
 
 2913-0 
 
 5 
 
 3020-4 
 
 5 
 
 3127-8 
 
 5 
 
 3235-2 
 
 729 
 
 2700-0 
 
 758 
 
 2807-4 
 
 787 
 
 2914-8 
 
 816 
 
 3022-2 
 
 845 
 
 3129-6 
 
 874 
 
 3237-0 
 
 5 
 
 2701-9 
 
 5 
 
 2809-3 
 
 5 
 
 2916-7 
 
 5 
 
 3024-1 
 
 5 
 
 3131-5 
 
 5 
 
 3238-9 
 
 730 
 
 2703-7 
 
 759 
 
 2811-1 
 
 788 
 
 2918-5 
 
 817 
 
 3025-9 
 
 846 
 
 3133-3 
 
 875 
 
 3240-7 
 
 5 
 
 2705-6 
 
 -5 
 
 2813-0 
 
 5 
 
 2920-4 
 
 5 
 
 3027-8 
 
 5 
 
 3135-2 
 
 5 
 
 3242-6 
 
 731 
 
 2707-4 
 
 760 
 
 2814-8 
 
 789 
 
 2922-2 
 
 818 
 
 3029-6 
 
 847 
 
 3137-0 
 
 876 
 
 3244-4 
 
 5 
 
 2709-3 
 
 5 
 
 2816-7 
 
 5 
 
 2924-1 
 
 5 
 
 3031-5 
 
 5 
 
 3138-9 
 
 5 
 
 3243-3 
 
 732 
 
 2711-1 
 
 761 
 
 2818-5 
 
 790 
 
 2925-9 
 
 819 
 
 3033-3 
 
 848 
 
 3140-7 
 
 877 
 
 3248-2 
 
 5 
 
 2713-0 
 
 5 
 
 2820-4 
 
 5 
 
 2927-8 
 
 5 
 
 3035-2 
 
 5 
 
 3142-6 
 
 5 
 
 3250-0 
 
 \733 
 
 2714-8 
 
 762 
 
 2822-2 
 
 791 
 
 2929-6 
 
 820 
 
 3037-0 
 
 849 
 
 3144-4 
 
 878 
 
 3251-9 
 
44 
 
 TABLE 17. 
 
 r 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area. 
 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area. 
 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cubic 
 Yards. 
 
 Area, 
 sq. ft. 
 
 Cube 
 
 \ ards. 
 
 5 
 
 3253-7 
 
 899 
 
 3329-6 
 
 5 
 
 3405-6 
 
 940 
 
 3481-5 
 
 5 
 
 3557-4 
 
 981 
 
 3633-3 
 
 879 
 
 3255-6 
 
 5 
 
 3331-5 
 
 920 
 
 3407-4 
 
 5 
 
 3483-3 
 
 961 
 
 3559-3 
 
 5 
 
 3635-2 
 
 5 
 
 3257-4 
 
 900 
 
 3333-3 
 
 5 
 
 3409-3 
 
 941 
 
 3485-2 
 
 5 
 
 3561-1 
 
 982 
 
 3637-0 
 
 880 
 
 3259-3 
 
 5 
 
 3335-2 
 
 921 
 
 3411-1 
 
 5 
 
 3487-0 
 
 962 
 
 3563-0 
 
 5 
 
 3638-9 
 
 5 
 
 3261-1 
 
 901 
 
 3337-0 
 
 5 
 
 3413-0 
 
 942 
 
 3488-9 
 
 5 
 
 3564-8 
 
 983 
 
 3640-7 
 
 881 
 
 3263-0 
 
 5 
 
 3338-9 
 
 922 
 
 3414-8 
 
 5 
 
 3490-7 
 
 963 
 
 3566-7 
 
 5 
 
 3642-6 
 
 5 
 
 3264-8 
 
 902 
 
 3340-7 
 
 5 
 
 3416-7 
 
 943 
 
 3492-6 
 
 5 
 
 3568-5 
 
 984 
 
 3644-4 
 
 882 
 
 3266-7 
 
 5 
 
 3342-6 
 
 923 
 
 3418-5 
 
 5 
 
 3494-4 
 
 964 
 
 3570-4 
 
 5 
 
 3646-3 
 
 5 
 
 3268-5 
 
 903 
 
 3344-4 
 
 5 
 
 3420-4 
 
 944 
 
 3496-3 
 
 5 
 
 3572-2 
 
 985 
 
 3648-2 
 
 883 
 
 3270-4 
 
 5 
 
 3346-3 
 
 924 
 
 3422-2 
 
 5 
 
 3498-2 
 
 965 
 
 3574-1 
 
 5 
 
 3650-0 
 
 5 
 
 3272-2 
 
 904 
 
 33482 
 
 5 
 
 3424-1 
 
 945 
 
 3500-0 
 
 5 
 
 3575-9 
 
 986 
 
 3651-9 
 
 884 
 
 3274-1 
 
 5 
 
 3350-0 
 
 925 
 
 3425-9 
 
 5 
 
 3501-9 
 
 966 
 
 3577-8 
 
 5 
 
 3653-7 
 
 5 
 
 3275-9 
 
 905 
 
 3351-9 
 
 5 
 
 3427-8 
 
 946 
 
 3503-7 
 
 5 
 
 3579-6 
 
 987 
 
 3655-6 
 
 885 
 
 3277-8 
 
 5 
 
 3353-7 
 
 926 
 
 3429-6 
 
 5 
 
 3505-6 
 
 967 
 
 3581-5 
 
 5 
 
 3657-4 
 
 5 
 
 3279-6 
 
 906 
 
 3355-6 
 
 5 
 
 3431-5 
 
 947 
 
 3507-4 
 
 5 
 
 3583-3 
 
 988 
 
 3659-3 
 
 886 
 
 3281-5 
 
 5 
 
 3357-4 
 
 927 
 
 3433-3 
 
 5 
 
 3509-3 
 
 968 
 
 3585-2 
 
 5 
 
 3661-1 
 
 5 
 
 3283-3 
 
 907 
 
 3359-3 
 
 5 
 
 3435-2 
 
 948 
 
 3511-1 
 
 5 
 
 35870 
 
 989 
 
 3663-0 
 
 887 
 
 3285-2 
 
 5 
 
 3361-1 
 
 928 
 
 3437-0 
 
 5 
 
 3513-0 
 
 969 
 
 3588-9 
 
 5 
 
 3664-8 
 
 5 
 
 3287-0 
 
 908 
 
 3363-0 
 
 5 
 
 3438-9 
 
 949 
 
 3514-8 
 
 5 
 
 3590-7 
 
 990 
 
 3666-7 
 
 1888 
 
 3288-9 
 
 5 
 
 3364-8 
 
 929 
 
 3440-7 
 
 5 
 
 3516-7 
 
 970 
 
 3592-6 
 
 5 
 
 3668-5 
 
 5 
 
 3290-7 
 
 909 
 
 3366-7 
 
 5 
 
 3442-6 
 
 950 
 
 3518-5 
 
 5 
 
 3594-4 
 
 991 
 
 3670-4 
 
 889 
 
 3292-6 
 
 5 
 
 3368-5 
 
 930 
 
 3444-4 
 
 5 
 
 3520-4 
 
 971 
 
 3596-3 
 
 5 
 
 3672-2 
 
 5 
 
 3294-4 
 
 910 
 
 3370-4 
 
 5 
 
 3446-3 
 
 951 
 
 3522-2 
 
 5 
 
 3598-2 
 
 992 
 
 3674-1 
 
 890 
 
 3296-3 
 
 5 
 
 3372-2 
 
 931 
 
 3448-2 
 
 5 
 
 3524-1 
 
 972 
 
 3600-0 
 
 5 
 
 3675-9 
 
 5 
 
 3298;2 
 
 911 
 
 3374-1 
 
 5 
 
 3450-0 
 
 952 
 
 3525-9 
 
 5 
 
 3601-9 
 
 993 
 
 3677-8 
 
 891 
 
 3300-0 
 
 5 
 
 3375-9 
 
 932 
 
 3451-9 
 
 5 
 
 3527-8 
 
 973 
 
 3603-7 
 
 5 
 
 3679-6 
 
 5 
 
 3301-9 
 
 912 
 
 3377-8 
 
 5 
 
 3453-7 
 
 953 
 
 3529-6 
 
 5 
 
 3605-6 
 
 994 
 
 3681-5 
 
 892 
 
 3303-7 
 
 5 
 
 3379-6 
 
 933 
 
 3455-6 
 
 -5 
 
 3531-5 
 
 974 
 
 3607-4 
 
 5 
 
 3683-3 
 
 5 
 
 3305-6 
 
 913 
 
 3381 5 
 
 5 
 
 3457-4 
 
 954 
 
 3533-3 
 
 5 
 
 3609-3 
 
 995 
 
 3685-2 
 
 893 
 
 3307-4 
 
 5 
 
 3383-3 
 
 934 
 
 3459-3 
 
 -5 
 
 3535-2 
 
 975 
 
 3611-1 
 
 5 
 
 3687-0 
 
 5 
 
 3309-3 
 
 914 
 
 3385-2 
 
 5 
 
 3461-1 
 
 955 
 
 3537-0 
 
 5 
 
 3613-0 
 
 996 
 
 3688-9 
 
 894 
 
 3311-1 
 
 5 
 
 3387-0 
 
 935 
 
 3463-0 
 
 5 
 
 3538-9 
 
 976 
 
 3614-8 
 
 5 
 
 3690-7 
 
 5 
 
 3313-0 
 
 915 
 
 3388-9 
 
 5 
 
 3464-8 
 
 956 
 
 3540-7 
 
 5 
 
 3616-7 
 
 997 
 
 3692-6 
 
 895 
 
 3314-8 
 
 5 
 
 3390-7 
 
 936 
 
 3466-7 
 
 5 
 
 3542-6 
 
 977 
 
 3618-5 
 
 5 
 
 3694-4 
 
 5 
 
 3316-7 
 
 916 
 
 3392-6 
 
 5 
 
 3468-5 
 
 957 
 
 3544-4 
 
 5 
 
 3620-4 
 
 998 
 
 3696-3 
 
 896 
 
 3318-5 
 
 5 
 
 3394-4 
 
 937 
 
 3470-4 
 
 5 
 
 3546-3 
 
 978 
 
 3622-2 
 
 5 
 
 3698-2 
 
 6 
 
 3320-4 
 
 917 
 
 3396-3 
 
 5 
 
 3472-2 
 
 958 
 
 3548-2 
 
 5 
 
 3624-1 
 
 999 
 
 3700-0 
 
 897 
 
 3322-2 
 
 5 
 
 3398-2 
 
 938 
 
 3474- 1 
 
 -5 
 
 3550-0 
 
 979 
 
 3625-9 
 
 5 
 
 3701-9 
 
 6 
 
 3324-1 
 
 918 
 
 3400-0 
 
 5 
 
 3475-9 
 
 959 
 
 3551-9 
 
 5 
 
 3627-8 
 
 1000 
 
 3703-7 
 
 8P8 
 
 3325-9 
 
 5 
 
 3401-9 
 
 939 
 
 3477-8 
 
 5 
 
 3553-7 
 
 980 
 
 3629-6 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 3327-8 
 
 919 
 
 3403-7 
 
 5 
 
 3479-6 
 
 960 
 
 3555-6 
 
 5 
 
 3631-5 
 
 
 
45 
 
 TO PREPARE A TABLE, T (below), OF LEVEL CUTTINGS, FOR EVERY 
 OF A FOOT OF HEIGHT OR DEPTH. 
 
 Let the fig. represent the cutting ; or, if 
 inverted, the filling; in which the horizon- ^>* 
 tal lines are supposed to be y foot apart. * 
 
 First calculate the area in square feet, of the layer a b c o, adjoining 
 the roadway a b. Then find how many cubic yards that area gives 
 in a distance of 100 feet. These cubic yards we will call Y; they 
 form the first amount to be put into the table T. 
 
 Next calculate the area in square feet of the triangle a no. Multi- 
 ply this area by 4. Find how many cubic yards this increased area 
 gives in a distance of 100 feet. Or they will be found ready calcu- 
 lated a little farther on. We will call them y. This is all the prepa- 
 ration that is needed before commencing the table. 
 
 Example. Let the roadbed a b be 18 feet, and the side-slopes 1 J to 
 1, as in our preceding table and diagram No. V. Then for the area 
 of a b c o: since the .side-slopes are 1 J to 1 ; and s t is *1 foot; c o 
 must be 18*3 feet; and the mean length of a 6 c o must be 18*15 feet. 
 Consequently the area is 18*15 X -1 = 1'815 square feet; which, in 
 a distance of 100 feet, gives 181*5 cubic feet; which is equal to 
 
 181*5 
 -^=- = 6*7222 cubic yards ; or Y. 
 
 '_ i 
 
 Next, as to the triangle an o : its height an being *1 foot, and its 
 base n o *15 feet; its area = -- ~ -- = ~9~ = '0075 square ft. This 
 
 multiplied by 4, gives '03 square feet; which, in a distance of 100 feet, 
 
 3 
 gives *03 X 100 = 3 cubic feet; which is equal to y= = *1111 cubic 
 
 yard ; or y. 
 
 Having thus found Y and y, proceed to make out the table in the 
 manner following, which is so plain as to require no explanation. 
 The work should be tested about every 5 feet, by calculating the area 
 of the full depth arrived at; multiply it by 100, and divide the pro- 
 duct by 27 for the cubic yards. The cubic yards thus found should 
 agree with the table. 
 
 Y 6-7222 Y. 6-7222 -1 
 
 y -1111 
 
 6-8333 
 . -1111 
 
 6-9444 
 . -1111 
 
 7-0555 
 . -1111 
 
 7-1866 
 . -1111 
 
 7-2777 
 
 6-8333 
 
 13-5555 
 6-9444 
 
 27-5555 -4 
 7-1666 
 
 34-7222 -5 
 
 7-2777 
 
 42-0000 -6 
 
 TABLE T. 
 
 Height. 
 Feet. 
 
 Cub. Yds. 
 
 1 
 
 6-72 Y. 
 
 2 
 
 13-6 
 
 3 
 
 20-5 
 
 4 
 
 27-6 
 
 5 
 
 34-7 
 
 6 
 
 42-0 
 
 &c 
 
46 
 
 The following table contains y, ready calculated for different side- 
 slopes. It plainly remains the same for all widths of roadbed. 
 
 Side-slope. 
 
 y- 
 
 Side-slope. 
 
 y. 
 
 1 to 1 
 
 0185 
 
 If to 1 
 
 1 9 96 
 
 $ to 1 
 
 -0370 
 
 2 to 1 
 
 1482 
 
 to 1. 
 
 -0556 
 
 2 to 1.... 
 
 .... -1667 
 
 1 to 1 
 
 0741 
 
 2 to 1 
 
 185 9 
 
 Ij. to 1.. 
 
 -0926 
 
 3 to 1. 
 
 2222 
 
 1 to 1 
 
 -1111 
 
 4 to 1 . 
 
 2963 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. John R. Hudson, C. E., author of " Tables for Calculating 
 the Cubic Contents of Excavations and Embankments,"* suggests the 
 following modification of the foregoing method. We insert it with 
 his permission. Its advantage is that it enables us to perform all, or 
 nearly all, of the additions mentally. 
 
 Prepare a sheet of paper to contain the table, ruling it into eleven 
 columns as in fig. A below, and as in our tables 1 to 14, and giving 
 it as many horizontal lines as there are feet in the greatest depth for 
 which the table is to be used. Leave enough space between the lines 
 to allow of writing pencil figures between the contents which finally 
 constitute the table, f 
 
 Find the contents for depths from *1 foot to "9 foot by our foregoing 
 method, and write them in ink in their proper places in the table, as 
 in the first line of fig. A, for which we have taken, as an example, 
 a roadway 18 feet wide, with side-slopes of \\ to 1, as in the preceding 
 example. 
 
 Calling the content (64- 5 cubic yards in the above example) for a 
 depth of -9 foot, "M", add to it mentally the quantity "P" (1 cubic 
 yard in this case) corresponding to the given side-slope (1J to 1) in 
 table X below. Write their sum, M -f P, (65'5) in pencil under the 
 content (6*7) for a depth of '1 foot. To M + P (65*5) add mentally 
 another "P" (1 cubic yard) and write their sum M -f 2 P (66*5) in 
 pencil under the content (13'6) for a depth of .2 foot, i. e. in the next 
 space to the right. Again, adding P (1 cubic yard) to this last sum, 
 we obtain M + 3P (67'5) which we write in pencil under the content 
 (20-5) for a depth of '3 foot ; and so on until we write M -f 9 P 
 (73-5) under the content M (64-5) for a depth of '9 foot. 
 
 Now call this 9P (9 cubic yards) "S", and add it in turn to 
 each of the sums (M -f P, M + 2 P, etc.) just written in pencil in 
 the first line, writing each new sum in pencil in the lower part of 
 the second line and always one column to the left of the quantity 
 
 * John Wiley & Sops, Publishers, New York, second edition, 1886. 
 
 fin figs. A and B the heavy figures represent ink, and the light ones pencil. 
 
47 
 
 S[ + P, M 4- 2 P, etc.) from which it was obtained. Thus, taking 
 -f P (65*5) which we had pencilled in the space corresponding to a 
 depth of '1 foot, and adding S (9 cubic yards) to it, we write their sum 
 M + S -h P (74'5) in pencil in the space next below it and to the left, 
 namely, in the space for the content for a depth of one foot. Thus 
 each sum, so obtained, is written in pencil in the space corresponding 
 to a depth ! 9 foot greater than that of the space which contains the 
 quantity (M -f P, etc.) from which it was obtained. The last sum thus 
 obtained from the first line isM + S+9P = M + 2S (82.5), which 
 w- pencil in the space corresponding to a depth of 1'8 feet. We next 
 add S (9 cubic yards) to M -f S -f P (74*5) which we had pencilled 
 in the space for a depth of one foot, and pencil their sum (83'5) in the 
 space for a depth of 1/9 feet (*9 foot greater, as before) which we find 
 at the other end of the second line. Proceed now with the second line, 
 as with the first, writing the sums in pencil in the third line and adding 
 S continuously. Then do the same with the following lines. "When 
 this is finished, the table will present the appearance indicated by fig. A. 
 
 "We have selected for illustration a side-slope of 1J to 1, because 
 with that slope the quantity P, used in obtaining the contents written 
 in ink in the first line, is 1 cubic yard, and this renders the explana- 
 tion simpler. It will be seen at once that each pencilled quantity is 
 greater by U P" than that for a depth *1 foot less, and hence that with 
 said side-slope of 1J to 1, it would be easier to discard the use of "S", 
 which is 9 P, and simply make each pencilled quantity throughout 
 the table 1 cubic yard greater than the preceding one. But for most 
 other slopes P contains a fraction, while S remains a whole number ; 
 and in such cases it will therefore be better to use S and proceed as 
 directed above. 
 
 Having thus obtained the pencilled figures for the entire table, as 
 shown in fig. A (which, in order to save space, we have extended only 
 to a depth of 2 feet) proceed to find the final quantities to be entered 
 in the table, and write them in ink in their places as in fig. B. 
 
 To do this, add together the content (6'7) for depth *1 foot, and the 
 pencilled sum M -f P (65'5) immediately below it, obtaining as their 
 sum the content (72*2) for a depth of 1 foot ('9 foot greater) and write 
 it in ink in its proper place in the table as shown in heavy figures in 
 fig. B. Proceeding thus with the other quantities in the first line, we 
 add each content (written in ink) to the sum immediately below it 
 (written in pencil) and enter the new sum in ink in its proper place 
 in the next line below and in the next column to the left, i. e. in the 
 space corresponding to a depth *9 foot greater. The last content 
 thus obtained from the first line will be that (138 cubic yards) for a 
 depth of 1/8 feet. For a depth of 1*9 feet we now add the content 
 (72-2) for a depth of 1 foot, to the sum, M -I- P + S (74-5) pencilled 
 immediately below it, and obtain the volume (146'7) for a depth of 1'9 
 
48 
 
 feet and write it in ink in its proper place at the other end of the second 
 line. Continue this process until the table is completed, as in fig. B. 
 
 
 TABLE X. 
 
 
 Slope. 
 to 1 
 
 PC-Si. 
 
 16667 
 
 S( = 9P). 
 1 5 
 
 i 
 
 33333 
 
 .... 3 
 
 1 " 
 
 66667 
 
 .. .. 6 
 
 H " .. 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 2 " 
 
 133333 
 
 .. .. 12 
 
 
 166667 
 
 ... 15 
 
 3 " 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 4 " 
 
 ..266667 .. .... 
 
 . . 24 
 
 
 
 
 FIG. A. 
 
 Roadway IS feet wide, side-slopes 1J to 1. 
 
 Depth 
 in feet. 
 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 .0 
 
 .1 
 
 .2 
 
 .3 
 
 .4 
 
 Cubic yards. 
 
 Cubic yards. 
 6.7 
 M+P 
 65.5 
 
 Cubic yards. 
 13.6 
 M+2P 
 66.5 
 
 Cubic yards. 
 20.5 
 M+3P 
 
 67.5 
 
 Cubic yards. 
 27.6 
 
 M+4P 
 68.5 
 
 M+S+P 
 74.5 
 
 M+S+2P 
 75.5 
 
 M+S+3 P 
 76.5 
 
 M+S+4P 
 77.5 
 
 M+S+5P 
 78.5 
 
 M+2 S+2 P 
 84.5 
 
 M+2S+3P 
 
 85.5 
 
 M+2S+4P 
 86.5 
 
 M+2S+5P 
 87.5 
 
 M+2S+6P 
 88.5 
 
 Depth 
 in feet. 
 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 .5 
 
 .6 
 
 .7 
 
 .8 
 
 .9 
 
 Cubic yards. 
 34.7 
 M+5P 
 69.5 
 
 Cubic yards. 
 42.0 
 
 M+6P 
 70.5 
 
 Cubic yards. 
 49.4 
 
 M+7P 
 71.5 
 
 Cubic yards. 
 56.9 
 
 M+8P 
 72.5 
 
 Cubic yards. 
 M64.5 
 
 M+9 P=M+S 
 73.5 
 
 M+S+6 P 
 79.5 
 
 M+S+7P 
 80.5 
 
 M+S+8P 
 81.5 
 
 M+2S 
 82.5 
 
 M+2 S+P 
 83.5 
 
 M+2S+7P 
 89.5 
 
 M+2S+8P 
 90.5 
 
 M+3S 
 91.5 
 
 M+3S+P 
 92.5 
 
 M+3S+2P 
 
 93.5 
 
49 
 
 FIG. B. 
 
 Roadway IS feet wide, side-slopes 
 
 to 1. 
 
 Depth 
 in 
 feet. 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 .1 
 
 .2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 J 
 
 .6 
 
 .7 
 
 .8 
 
 .9 
 
 Cubic 
 yards. 
 
 Cubic 
 yards. 
 
 6.7 
 
 Cubic 
 yards. 
 
 13.6 
 
 Cubic 
 yards. 
 
 20.5 
 
 Cubic 
 yards. 
 
 27.6 
 
 Cubic 
 yards. 
 
 34.7 
 
 Cubic 
 yards. 
 
 42.0 
 
 Cubic 
 yards. 
 
 49.4 
 
 Cubic 
 yards. 
 
 56.9 
 
 Cubic 
 yards. 
 
 64.5 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 65.5 
 
 66.5 
 
 67.5 
 
 68.5 
 
 69.5 
 
 70.5 
 
 71.5 
 
 72.5 
 
 73.5 
 
 72.2 
 
 74.5 
 
 80.1 
 
 75.5 
 
 88.0 
 
 76.5 
 
 96.1 
 
 77.5 
 
 104.2 
 
 78.5 
 
 112.5 
 
 79.5 
 
 120.9 
 
 80.5 
 
 129.4 
 81.5 
 
 138.0 
 
 82.5 
 
 146.7 
 
 83.5 
 
 155.6 
 
 164.5 
 
 173.6 
 
 182.7 
 
 192.0 
 
 201.4 
 
 210.9 
 
 220.5 
 
 230.S 
 
 240.1 
 
 
 84.5 
 
 85.5 
 
 86.5 
 
 87.5 
 
 88.5 
 
 89.5 
 
 905 
 
 91.5 
 
 92.5 
 
 93.5 
 
 X 
 
 N 
 
 P is the sum of the contents, in cubic yards, of two prisms, im or 
 and ents, fig. C, each of which is 100 feet long and has for its cross 
 section a parallelogram, as i m o r, whose depth o z is *9 foot, and 
 whose width i m is 'I foot X the ratio of the horizontal to the vertical 
 measure of the slope. Thus, if the slope is 2 to 1, P is = 
 
 2x2x9 4 -i.ooo r 
 
 f I 666, as in 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 x 
 
 table X. 
 S is = 9 P. 
 
 Or, for any slope, calling the vertical measure of the slope 1, as 
 usual : 
 
 P = f X horizontal measure of the slope. 
 S = 6 X " " " " 
 
 The difference, n m o t, between the section abmn *1 foot deep and 
 the section a b o t 1 foot deep, is made up of e i r s (= a b c d or a sec- 
 tion *9 foot deep) and the two parallelograms imor and ents; or 
 content for depth 1 foot 
 
 = content for depth *1 foot 
 -f " " -9 foot (= M) 
 -f twice content for parallelogram imor 
 = content for depth -1 foot -f M -f P. 
 
50 
 
 Similarly, the difference gfh k, between section a bfg, '2 foot deep 
 and a b h k 1*1 feet deep, is made up of p I q u (= a b c d -9 foot 
 deep) and the two parallelograms Ifh q and pgku, together = 2 P, 
 or, 
 
 content for depth 1/1 feet 
 
 = content for depth -2 foot + M + 2 P 
 and so on; or, 
 
 content for any depth X 
 
 = content for depth Y, '9 foot less than X, 
 
 + M 
 
 -f P x number of tenths in depth Y. 
 
 To CALCULATE BEFOREHAND THE CUBIC CONTENTS OF BORROW-PITS, 
 
 The method of doing 
 this most readily, is 
 based upon the fol- A 
 lowing rule, for find- 
 ing the contents of 
 any frustum,* as A, g 
 B, or C, of a square f 
 prism, no matter how 
 the two ends may be 
 inclined with regard 
 to each other; or 
 whether one, or nei- 
 ther of them, is pa- 
 rallel to the original 
 base of the prism. 
 
 * Generally misspelt "frustrum." 
 
 f This rule applies also to frustums of prisms whose cross-sections perpendicular 
 to the parallel sides are either any triangle, any parallelogram, or any regular polygon 
 of any number of sides whatever. The parallel edges must in every case be added 
 together, and divided by their number, for a mean length. In a square prism this 
 number is 4 ; in a triangular one 3, &c. 
 
 If the frustum is that of an irregular 4-sided, or polygonal prism, it must be con- 
 sidered as made up of a number of triangular prisms, which must be calculated 
 separately and added together for the total content. Thus, let D represent the cross- 
 section of an irregular prism, perpendicular to its parallel sides. From any angle, 
 as m, draw lines mo, mp, dividing it into triangles. Calculate the area of each tri- 
 angle separately, and find the solidity of each triangular frustum, by first measuring 
 the lengths of its three parallel edges, and then obtaining their mean length, which 
 multiply by their triangular area. 
 
 THE SOLIDITY OR CONTENT OP ANY FRUSTUM WHATEVER, OP ANY PRISM, WHETHER 
 
 REGULAR OR IRREGULAR, OR OP A CYLINDER, may be found thus : Consider either of 
 its two ends, as R, to be its base, and find the area of that end. Find also the 
 centre of gravity, g, of the other end, and measure the perpendicular height g s, of 
 the frustum. Multiply the area of the base just found, by this height; the product 
 will be the content. 
 
 The centre of gravity, g, may be found by cutting out a figure of the end t w from 
 pasteboard, and balancing it in two directions over a sharp edge. 
 
51 
 
 RULE. Measure and add together the four parallel edges, (as 11, 22, 
 33, 44, of the frustum C.) Divide their sum by 4, for a mean length. 
 Multiply this mean length by the area of the frustum at right angles to 
 said parallel edges. The product will be the required content. 
 
 To apply this rule to borrow- pits, the surface of the ground is first 
 staked out in squares. If the surface is sloping or irregular, the tape- 
 line must be held horizontally, while laying out the sides of the 
 squares. When the ground is very irregular, these squares should be 
 of such a size that each one of them may without material error be 
 considered to be a plane surface, either horizontal or sloping. The 
 depth of the horizontal bottom of the pit, below a certain given mark, 
 or datum, being first determined on, levels are then taken at all the 
 corners of the squares to ascertain the depth of digging at each corner. 
 These depths plainly give the lengths of the four parallel edges of 
 each frustum ; each frustum may then be calculated separately, and 
 the whole added together. 
 
 COST OF EARTHWORK. 
 
 ARTICLE 1. 
 
 It is advisable to pay for this kind of work by the cubic yard of 
 excavation only, instead of allowing separate prices for excavation and 
 embankment. By this means we get rid of the difficulty of measure- 
 ments, as well as the controversies and lawsuits which often attend 
 the determination of the allowance to be made for the settlement or 
 subsidence of the embankments. 
 
 It is, moreover, our opinion that justice to the contractor should 
 lead to the English practice of paying the laborers by the cubic yard, 
 instead of by the day. Experience fully proves that when laborers 
 are scarce and wages high, men can scarcely be depended upon to 
 do three-fourths of the work which they readily accomplish when 
 wages are low, and when fresh hands are waiting to be hired in case 
 any are discharged. The contractor is thus placed at the mercy of 
 his men. The writer has known the most satisfactory results to 
 attend a system of task-work, accompanied by liberal premiums for 
 all overwork. By this means the interests of the laborers are identi- 
 fied with that of the contractor, and every man takes care that the 
 others shall do their fair share of the task. 
 
 Ellwood Morris, C. E., of Philadelphia, was, we believe, the first 
 person who properly investigated the elements of cost of earthwork, 
 and reduced them to such a form as to enable us to calculate the total 
 with a considerable degree of accuracy. He published his results in 
 the Journal of the Franklin Institute in 1841. His paper forms the 
 basis on which, with some variations, we shall consider the matter, and 
 
52 
 
 on which we shall extend it to wheelbarrows, as well as to carts. 
 Throughout this paper we speak of a cubic yard considered only as 
 solid in its place, or before it is loosened for removal. It is scarcely 
 necessary to add that the various items can of course only be regarded 
 as tolerably close approximations, oy averages. As before stated, the 
 men do less work when wages are high, and more when they are low. 
 A great deal besides depends on the skill, observation, and energy of 
 the contractor and his superintendents. It is no unusual thing to see 
 two contractors working at the same prices, in precisely similar mate- 
 rial, where one is making money, and the other losing it, from a want 
 of tact in the proper distribution of his forces, keeping his roads in 
 order, having his carts and barrows well filled, &c., &c. Uncom- 
 monly long spells of wet weather may seriously aifect the cost of exe- 
 cuting earthwork, by making it more difficult to loosen, load, or empty ; 
 besides keeping the roads in bad order for hauling. 
 
 The aggregate cost of excavating and removing earth is made up 
 by the following items, namely : 
 
 1st. Loosening the earth ready for the shovellers. 
 
 2d. Loading it by shovels into the carts or barrows. 
 
 3d. Hauling, or wheeling it away, including emptying and returning. 
 
 4th. Spreading it out into successive layers on the embankment. 
 
 5th. Keeping the hauling-road for carts , or the plank gangways for 
 barrows, in good order. 
 
 6th. Wear^ sharpening, depreciation, and interest on cost of tools. 
 
 7th. Superintendence and water-carriers. 
 
 8th. Profit to the contractor. 
 
 We will consider these items a little in detail, basing our calcula- 
 tions on the assumption that common labor costs $1 per day of 10 
 working hours. The results in our tables must therefore be increased 
 or diminished in about the same proportion as common labor costs 
 more or less than this. 
 
 ARTICLE 2. 
 
 LOOSENING THE EARTH READY FOR THE SHOVELLERS. This is 
 generally done either by ploughs or by picks ; more cheaply by the 
 first. A plough with two horses, and two men to manage them, at 
 $1 per day for labor, 75 cents per day for each horse, and 37 cents 
 per day for plough, including harness, wear, repairs, &c., or a total 
 of $3.87, w iH loosen, of strong heavy soils, from 200 to 300 cubic 
 yards a day, at from 1*93 to 1*29 cents per yard ; or of ordinary 
 loam, from 400 to 600 cubic yards a day, at from '97 to '64 of a cent 
 per yard. Therefore, as an ordinary average, we may assume the 
 actual cost to the contractor for loosening by the plough, as follows : 
 strong heavy soils, 1*5 cents ; common loam, *8 cent ; light sandy soils, 
 4 cent. Very stiff pure clay, or obstinate cemented gravel, may be 
 set down at 2*5 cents ; they require three or four horses. 
 
53 
 
 By the pick, a fair day's work is about 14 yards of stiff pure clay, 
 or of cemented gravel ; 25 yards of strong heavy soils ; 40 yards of 
 common loam ; 60 yards of light sandy soils all measured in place ; 
 which, at $ 1 per day for labor, gives, for stiff clay, 7 cents ; heavy 
 soils, 4 cents; loam, 2*5 cents; light sandy soil, 1*666 cents. Pure 
 sand requires but very little labor for loosening ; '5 of a cent will 
 cover it. 
 
 ARTICLE 3. 
 
 SHOVELLING THE LOOSENED EARTH INTO CARTS. The amount 
 shovelled per day depends partly upon the weight of the material, 
 but more upon so proportioning the number of pickers and of carts 
 to that of shovellers, as not to keep the latter waiting for either mate- 
 rial or carts. In fairly regulated gangs, the shovellers into carts are 
 not actually engaged in shovelling for more than six-tenths of their 
 time, thus being unoccupied but four-tenths of it; while, under bad 
 management, they lose considerably more than one-half of it. A shovel- 
 ler can readily load into a cart one-third of a cubic yard measured in 
 place (and which is an average working cart-load), of sandy soil, in five 
 minutes ; of loam, in six minutes ; and of any of the heavy soils, in 
 seven minutes. This would give, for a day of 10 working hours, 120 
 loads, or 40 cubic yards of light sandy soil ; 100 loads, or 33J cubic 
 yards of loam; or 86 loads, or 28*7 yards of the heavy soils. But from 
 these amounts we must deduct four-tenths for time necessarily lost ; 
 thus reducing the actual working quantities to 24 yards of light sandy 
 soil, 20 yards of loam, 17'2 yards of the heavy soils. When the 
 shovellers do less than this, there is some mismanagement. 
 
 Assuming these as fair quantities, then, at $ 1 per day for labor, the 
 actual cost to the contractor for shovelling per cubic yard measured in 
 place, will be, for sandy soils, 4*167 cents ; loam, 5 cents ; heavy soils, 
 clays, &c., 5'81 cents. 
 
 In practice, the carts are not usually loaded to any less extent with 
 the heavier soils than with the lighter ones. Nor, indeed, is there 
 any necessity for so doing, inasmuch as the difference of weight of a 
 cart and one-third of a cubic yard of the various soils is too slight to 
 need any attention; especially when the cart-road is kept in good 
 order, as it will be by any contractor who understands his own inter- 
 est. Neither is it necessary to modify the load on account of any 
 slight inclinations which may occur in the grading of roads. Au 
 earth-cart weighs by itself about J a ton. 
 
 ARTICLE 4. 
 
 HAULING AWAY THE EARTH, DUMPING OR EMPTYING, AND RE- 
 TURNING TO RELOAD. The average speed of horses in hauling is 
 about 2 miles per hour, or 200 feet per minute ; which is equal to 
 100 feet of trip each way ; or to 100 feet of lead, as the distance to 
 
54 
 
 which the earth is hauled is technically called. Beside this, theie in 
 a loss of about four mimites in every trip, whether long or short, in 
 waiting to load, dumping, turning, &c. Hence, every trip will occupy 
 as many minutes as there are lengths of 100 feet each in the lead ; 
 and four minutes beside. Therefore, to find the number of trips per 
 day over any given average lead, we divide the number of minutes 
 in a working day by the sum of 4 added to the number of 100-feet 
 lengths contained in the distance to which the earth has to be removed ; 
 that is, 
 
 The number (600) of minutes in a working day _ the number of trips, or loads 
 4 -j- the number of 100-feet lengths in the lead removed per day, per cart. 
 
 And since J of a cubic yard measured before being loosened, makes 
 an average cart-load, the number of loads, divided by 3, will give the 
 number of cubic yards removed per day by each cart ; and the cubic 
 yards divided into the total expense of a cart per day, will give the 
 cost per cubic yard for hauling. 
 
 Remark. When removing loose rock, which requires more time for 
 loading, say, 
 
 No. of minutes (600) in a working day. _ No. of loads removed 
 ~6 4- No. of 100-feet lengths of lead. = per day, per cart. 
 
 In leads of ordinary length one driver can attend to 4 carts ; which, 
 at $1 per day, is 25 cents per cart. When labor is at $1 per day the 
 expense of a horse is usually about 75 cents ; and that of the cart, 
 including harness, tar, repairs, &c., 25 cents, making the total daily 
 cost per cart $1.25. The expense of the horse is the same on Sundays 
 and on rainy days, as when at work ; and this consideration is included 
 in the 75 cents. Some contractors employ a greater number of drivers, 
 who also help to load the carts, so that the expense is about the same 
 in either case. 
 
 Example.' How many cubic yards of loam, measured in the cut, 
 can be hauled by a horse and cart in a day of 10 working-hours, (600 
 minutes,) the lead, or length of haul of earth being 1000 feet, (or 10 
 lengths of 100 feet,) and what will be the expense to the contractor 
 for hauling, per cubic yard, assuming the total cost of cart, horse, and 
 driver, at $1-25? 
 
 600 minutes 600 1 43 loads 
 
 Here > 4 + 10 lengths of 100 feet, = T4 == 43 loads ' And ' TT 
 
 125 cents 
 14-3 cubic yards. And 14 .o cub ^T = entS per CU y 
 
 In this manner the 2d and 3d columns of the following tables have 
 been calculated. 
 
55 
 ARTICLE 5. 
 
 SPREADING, OR LEVELLING OFF THE EARTH INTO REGULAR 
 THIN LAYERS ON THE EMBANKMENT. A bankman will spread from 
 50 to 100 cub. yds. per day of either common loam, or any of the 
 heavier soils, clays, &c., depending on their dryness. This, at $1 per 
 day, is 1 to 2 cents per cubic yard; and we may assume 1 J cents as a 
 fair average for such soils ; while 1 cent will suffice for light sandy soils. 
 
 This expense for spreading is saved when the earth is either 
 dumped over the end of the embankment, or is wasted ; still, about 
 J cent per yard should be allowed in either case for keeping the 
 dumping-places clear and in order. 
 
 ARTICLE 6. 
 
 KEEPING THE CART-ROAD IN GOOD ORDER FOR HAULING. No 
 ruts or puddles should be allowed to remain unfilled ; rain should at 
 once be led off by shallow ditches ; and the road be carefully kept in 
 good order ; otherwise the labor of the horses, and the wear of carts, 
 will be very greatly increased. It is usual to allow so much per 
 cubic yard for road repairs ; but we suggest so much per cubic yard, 
 per 100 feet of lead ; say -^ of a cent. 
 
 ARTICLE 7. 
 
 WEAR, SHARPENING, AND DEPRECIATION OF PICKS AND SHO- 
 VELS. Experience shows that about J of a cent per cubic yard will 
 cover this item. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENCE AND WATER-CARRIERS. These expenses will 
 vary with local circumstances ; but we agree with Mr. Morris, that 1 J 
 cents per cubic yard will, under ordinary circumstances, cover both 
 of them. An allowance of about J cent may in justice be added for 
 extra trouble in digging the side-ditches; levelling off the bottom of 
 the cut to grade ; and general trimming up. In very light cuttings 
 this may be increased to J cent per cubic yard. 
 
 At J cent, all the items in this Article amount to 2 cents per cubic 
 yard of cut. 
 
 ARTICLE 8. 
 
 PROFIT TO THE CONTRACTOR. This may generally be set down at 
 from 6 to 15 per cent., according to the magnitude of the work, the 
 risks incurred, and various incidental circumstances. Out of this 
 item the contractor generally has to pay clerks, storekeepers, and 
 other agents, as well as the expenses of shanties, &c. ; although these 
 
56 
 
 are in most cases repaid by the profits of the stores ; and by the rates 
 of boarding and lodging paid to the contractors by the laborers. 
 
 ARTICLE 9. 
 
 * 
 
 A knowledge of the foregoing items enables us to calculate with 
 tolerable accuracy the cost of removing earth. For example, let it 
 be required to ascertain the cost per cubic yard of excavating common 
 loam, measured in place; and of removing it into embankment, with an 
 average haul or lead of 1000 feet ; the wages of laborers being $1 per 
 day of 10 working hours ; a horse 75 cents a day ; and a cart 25 cents. 
 One driver to four carts. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 Here we have cost of loosening, say by pick, Art. 2, per cubic yard, say, 2-50 
 Loading into carts, Art. 3, " 5 00 
 
 Hauling 1000 feet, as calculated previously in example, Art. 4, " 8-74 
 Spreading into layers, Art. 6, " 1-50 
 
 Keeping cart-road in repair, Art. 6, 10 lengths of 100ft., 1-00 
 
 Various items in Art. 7, . . . .2-00 
 
 Total cost to contractor, 20-74 
 
 Add contractor's profit, say 10 per cent., . 2-074 
 
 Total cost per cubic yard to the company, . . 22-814 
 
 It is easy to construct a table like the following, of costs per cubic 
 yard, for different lengths of lead. Columns 2 and 3 are first 
 obtained by the Rule in Article 4 ; then to each amount in column 
 3 is added the variable quantity of -f-q of a cent for every 100 feet 
 length of lead, for keeping the road in order ; and the constant quan- 
 tity (for any given kind of soil) composed of the prices per cubic 
 yard, for loosening, loading, spreading, or wasting, &c., either taken 
 from the preceding Articles ; or modified to suit particular circum 
 stances. In this manner the tables have been prepared. 
 
57 
 
 BY CARTS. LABOR $1 PER DAY, OF 10 WORKING HOURS. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 COMMON LOAM. 
 
 STRONG HEAVY SOILS. 
 
 1~ 
 
 Ji 
 
 Z 
 
 e" 
 
 
 
 
 
 ~- a 
 
 
 It 
 
 TOTAL COST PER CUBIC YARD, 
 
 TOTAL COST PER CUBIC YARD, 
 
 ii" 
 
 M 
 
 
 EXCLUSIVE OF PROFIT TO 
 
 EXCLUSIVE OF PROFIT TO 
 
 c o 
 
 3 > 
 
 it 
 
 COKTRACTOR. 
 
 CONTRACTOR. 
 
 >2 J3 
 "StJ 
 
 
 
 si 
 
 i! 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 if 
 
 1 
 
 jl 
 
 ll 
 
 *! 
 
 hi 
 
 !-- 
 
 111 
 
 If-al 
 
 Ill 
 
 111 
 
 f-g| 
 
 *sl 
 
 "&_ 
 
 3 
 
 ** a 
 
 CS fc 
 
 
 * Q. 
 
 
 
 
 
 631 
 
 
 = > 
 2 
 
 a a 
 
 & 
 
 5 * 
 
 5 & 
 
 * 
 
 & 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 F.et. 
 
 cub. yds. 
 
 eta. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 25 
 
 47-0 
 
 2-66 
 
 13-69 
 
 12-44 
 
 11-99 
 
 10-74 
 
 16-00 
 
 14-75 
 
 13-50 
 
 12-25 
 
 50 
 
 44-4 
 
 2-81 
 
 13-86 
 
 12-61 
 
 12-16 
 
 10-91 
 
 16-17 
 
 14-92 
 
 13-67 
 
 12-42 
 
 75 
 
 42-1 
 
 2-97 
 
 14-05 
 
 12-80 
 
 12-35 
 
 11-10 
 
 16-36 
 
 15-11 
 
 13-86 
 
 12-61 
 
 100 
 
 40-0 
 
 3-12 
 
 14-22 
 
 12-97 
 
 12-52 
 
 11-27 
 
 16-53 
 
 15-28 
 
 14-03 
 
 12-78 
 
 150 
 
 36-4 
 
 3-43 
 
 14-58 
 
 13-33 
 
 12-88 
 
 11-63 
 
 16-89 
 
 15-64 
 
 14-39 
 
 13-14 
 
 200 
 
 33-3 
 
 3-75 
 
 14-95 
 
 13-70 
 
 13-25 
 
 12-00 
 
 17-26 
 
 16-01 
 
 14-76 
 
 13-51 
 
 300 
 
 28-6 
 
 4-37 
 
 15-67 
 
 14-42 
 
 13-97 
 
 12-72 
 
 17-98 
 
 16-73 
 
 15-48 
 
 14-23 
 
 400 
 
 2-3-0 
 
 5-00 
 
 16-40 
 
 15-15 
 
 14-70 
 
 13-45 
 
 18-71 
 
 17-46 
 
 16-21 
 
 14-96 
 
 500 
 
 22-2 
 
 5-63 
 
 17-13 
 
 15-88 
 
 15-43 
 
 14-18 
 
 19-44 
 
 18-19 16-94 
 
 15-69 
 
 600 
 
 20-0 
 
 6-25 
 
 17-85 
 
 16-60 
 
 16-15 
 
 14-90 
 
 20-16 
 
 18-91 
 
 17-66 
 
 16-41 
 
 700 
 
 18-2 
 
 6-87 
 
 18-57 
 
 17-32 
 
 16-87 
 
 15-62 
 
 20-88 
 
 19-63 
 
 18-38 
 
 17-13 
 
 800 
 
 16-7 
 
 7-48 
 
 19-28 
 
 18-03 
 
 17-58 
 
 16-33 
 
 21-59 
 
 20-34 
 
 19-09 
 
 17-84 
 
 900 
 
 15-4 
 
 8-12 
 
 19-92 
 
 18-67 
 
 18-22 
 
 16-97 
 
 22-23 
 
 20-98 
 
 19-73 
 
 18-48 
 
 1000 
 
 14-3 
 
 8-74 
 
 20-74 
 
 19-49 
 
 19-04 
 
 17-79 
 
 23-05 
 
 21-80 
 
 20-55 
 
 19-30 
 
 1100 
 
 13-3 
 
 9-40 
 
 21-50 
 
 20-25 
 
 19-80 
 
 18-55 
 
 23-81 
 
 22-56 
 
 21-31 
 
 20-06 
 
 1300 
 
 12-5 
 
 10-0 
 
 22-20 
 
 20-95 
 
 20-50 
 
 19-25 
 
 24-51 
 
 23-26 
 
 22-01 
 
 20-76 
 
 1300 
 
 11-8 
 
 10-6 
 
 22-90 
 
 21-65 
 
 21-20 
 
 19-95 
 
 25-21 
 
 23-96 
 
 22-71 
 
 21-46 
 
 1400 
 
 11-1 
 
 11-2 
 
 23-60 
 
 22-35 
 
 21-90 
 
 20-65 
 
 25-91 
 
 24-66' 
 
 23-41 
 
 22-16 
 
 1500 
 
 10-6 
 
 11-9 
 
 24-40 
 
 23-15 
 
 22-70 
 
 21-45 
 
 26-71 
 
 25-46 
 
 24-21 
 
 22-96 
 
 1600 
 
 10-0 
 
 12-5 
 
 25-10 
 
 23-85 
 
 23-40 
 
 22-15 
 
 27-41 
 
 26-16 
 
 24-91 
 
 23-66 
 
 1700 
 
 9-52 
 
 13-1 
 
 25-80 
 
 24-55 
 
 24-10 
 
 22-85 
 
 28-11 
 
 26-86 
 
 25-61 
 
 24-36 
 
 1800 
 
 9-09 
 
 13-7 
 
 26-50 
 
 25-25 
 
 24-80 
 
 23-55 
 
 28-81 
 
 27-56 
 
 26-31 
 
 25-06 
 
 1900 
 
 8-70 
 
 14-4 
 
 27-30 
 
 26-05 
 
 25-60 
 
 24-35 
 
 29-61 
 
 28-36 
 
 27-11 
 
 25-86 
 
 2000 
 
 8-33 
 
 15-0 
 
 28-00 
 
 26-75 
 
 26-30 
 
 25-05 
 
 30-31 
 
 29-06 
 
 27-81 
 
 26-56 
 
 2250 
 
 7-54 
 
 16-6 
 
 29-85 
 
 28-60 
 
 28-15 
 
 26-90 
 
 32-16 
 
 30-91 
 
 29-66 
 
 28-41 
 
 2500 
 
 6-90 
 
 18-1 
 
 31-60 
 
 30-35 
 
 29-90 
 
 28-65 
 
 33-91 
 
 32-66 
 
 31-41 
 
 30-16 
 
 mile 
 
 6-58 
 
 19-0 
 
 32-64 
 
 31-39 
 
 30-94 
 
 29-69 
 
 34-95 
 
 33-70 
 
 32-45 
 
 31-20 
 
 3000 
 
 5-88 
 
 21-2 
 
 35-20 
 
 33-95 
 
 33-50 
 
 32-25 
 
 37-51 
 
 36-26 
 
 35-01 
 
 33-76 
 
 3250 
 
 5-48 
 
 22-8 
 
 37-05 
 
 35-80 
 
 35-35 
 
 34-10 
 
 39-36 
 
 38-11 
 
 36-86 
 
 35-61 
 
 3500 
 
 5-13 
 
 24-3 
 
 38-80 
 
 37-55 
 
 37-10 
 
 35-85 
 
 41-11 
 
 39-86 
 
 38-61 
 
 37-36 
 
 3750 
 
 4-82 
 
 25-9 
 
 40-65 
 
 39-40 
 
 38-95 
 
 37-70 
 
 42-96 
 
 41-71 
 
 40-46 
 
 39-21 
 
 4000 
 
 4-54 
 
 27-5 
 
 42-50 
 
 41-25 
 
 40-80 
 
 39-55 
 
 44-81 
 
 43-56 
 
 42-31 
 
 41-06 
 
 4250 
 
 4-30 
 
 29-1 
 
 44-35 
 
 43-10 
 
 42-65 
 
 41-40 
 
 46-66 
 
 45-41 
 
 44-16 
 
 42-91 
 
 1500 
 
 4-08 
 
 30-6 
 
 46-10 
 
 44-85 
 
 44-40 
 
 43-15 
 
 48-41 
 
 47-16 
 
 45-91 
 
 44-66 
 
 4750 
 
 3-88 
 
 32-2 
 
 47-95 
 
 46-70 
 
 46-25 
 
 45-00 
 
 50-26 
 
 49-01 
 
 47-76 
 
 46-51 
 
 5000 
 
 3-70 
 
 33-8 
 
 49-80 
 
 48-55 
 
 48-10 
 
 46-85 
 
 52-11 
 
 50-86 
 
 49-61 
 
 48-36 
 
 1 mile 
 
 3-52 
 
 35-5 
 
 51-78 
 
 50-53 
 
 50-08 
 
 48-83 
 
 54-09 
 
 52-84 
 
 51-59 
 
 50-34 
 
 IJm. 
 
 2-86 
 
 43-8 
 
 61-40 
 
 60-15 
 
 59-70 
 
 58-45 
 
 63-71 
 
 62-46 
 
 61-21 
 
 59-96 
 
 1 m. 
 
 2-40 
 
 52-1 
 
 71-02 
 
 69-77 
 
 69-32 
 
 68-07 
 
 73-33 
 
 72-08 
 
 70-83 
 
 69-58 
 
 l|m. 
 
 2-07 
 
 60-4 
 
 80-64 
 
 79-39 
 
 78-94 
 
 77-69 
 
 82-95 
 
 81-70 
 
 80-45 
 
 79-20 
 
 2 m. 
 
 1-82 
 
 68-7 
 
 90-26 
 
 89-01 
 
 88-56 
 
 87-31 
 
 92-57 
 
 91-32 
 
 90-07 
 
 88-82 
 
58 
 
 BY CARTS. LABOR $1 PER DAY, OF 10 WORKING HOURS. 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 PURE STIFF CLAY, OR 
 
 LIGHT SANDY SOILS. 
 
 p 
 
 "P< 
 
 J 
 
 CEMENTED GRAVEL. 
 
 
 
 ai 
 
 ,2 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 it 
 
 If 
 
 TOTAL COST PER CUBIC YARD, 
 
 TOTAL COST PER CUBIC YARD, 
 
 2 a" 
 
 & s 
 
 
 EXCLUSIVE OF PROFIT TO 
 
 EXCLUSIVE OF PROFIT TO 
 
 u- 2 
 
 o 
 
 C? 
 
 CONTRACTOR. 
 
 CONTRACTOR. (CENTS.) 
 
 -J3 
 
 Is? 
 
 *'?> 
 
 
 
 Jj 
 
 o-o 
 
 & 
 
 If 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 j! 
 
 fs 
 
 11 
 
 p 
 
 ftfcfl 
 
 !-! 
 
 O c5 * 
 
 s.l 
 
 & a 3 
 o ce 3 
 
 til 
 
 III 
 
 Ill 
 
 111 
 
 111 
 
 O c3 = 
 
 Li 
 
 s = s 
 
 5 
 
 S 
 
 J.S 
 
 f Sf 
 
 
 CXi 
 
 5% 
 
 S Sf 
 
 S is 
 
 * Q< 
 
 > 
 
 1 Feet. 
 
 cub. yds. 
 
 Ctfi. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. j 
 
 25 
 
 47-0 
 
 2-66 
 
 19-00 
 
 17-75 
 
 14-50 
 
 13-25 
 
 11-52 
 
 10-77 
 
 10-25 
 
 9-501 
 
 50 
 
 44-4 
 
 2-81 
 
 19-17 
 
 17-92 
 
 14-67 
 
 13-42 
 
 11-69 
 
 10-94 
 
 10-42 
 
 9-G7 
 
 75 
 
 42-1 
 
 2-97 
 
 19-36 
 
 18-11 
 
 14-86 
 
 13-61 
 
 11-88 
 
 11-13 
 
 10-61 
 
 9-86 
 
 100 
 
 40-0 
 
 3-12 
 
 19-53 
 
 18-28 
 
 15-03 
 
 13-78 
 
 12-05 
 
 11-30 
 
 10-78 
 
 10-03 
 
 150 
 
 36-4 
 
 3-43 
 
 19-89 
 
 18-64 
 
 15-39 
 
 14-14 
 
 12-41 
 
 11-66 
 
 11-14 
 
 10-39 
 
 200 
 
 33-3 
 
 3-75 
 
 20-26 
 
 19-01 
 
 15-76 
 
 14-51 
 
 12-78 
 
 12-03 
 
 11-51 
 
 10-76 
 
 300 
 
 28-6 
 
 4-37 
 
 20-98 
 
 19-73 
 
 16-48 
 
 15-23 
 
 13-50 
 
 12-75 
 
 12-23 
 
 11-48 
 
 400 
 
 25-0 
 
 5-00 
 
 21-71 
 
 20-46 
 
 17-21 
 
 15-96 
 
 14-23 
 
 13-48 
 
 12-46 
 
 12-21 
 
 500 
 
 22-2 
 
 5-63 
 
 22-44 
 
 21-19 
 
 17-94 
 
 16-69 
 
 14-96 
 
 14-21 
 
 13-69 
 
 12-94 
 
 600 
 
 20-0 
 
 6-25 
 
 23-16 
 
 21-91 
 
 18-66 
 
 17-41 
 
 15-68 
 
 14-93 
 
 14-41 
 
 13-66 
 
 700 
 
 18-2 
 
 6-87 
 
 23-88 
 
 22-63 
 
 19-38 
 
 18-13 
 
 16-40 
 
 15-65 
 
 15-13 
 
 14-38 
 
 800 
 
 16-7 
 
 7-48 
 
 2.4-59 
 
 23-34 
 
 20-09 
 
 18-84 
 
 17-11 
 
 16-36 
 
 15-84 
 
 15-09 
 
 900 
 
 15-4 
 
 8-12 
 
 25-23 
 
 23-98 
 
 20-73 
 
 19-48 
 
 17-75 
 
 17-00 
 
 16-48 
 
 15-73 
 
 1000 
 
 14-3 
 
 8-74 
 
 26-05 
 
 24-80 
 
 21-55 
 
 20-30 
 
 18-57 
 
 17-82 
 
 17-30 
 
 16-55 
 
 1100 
 
 13-3 
 
 9-40 
 
 26-81 
 
 25-56 
 
 22-31 
 
 21-06 
 
 19-33 
 
 18-58 
 
 18-06 
 
 17-31 
 
 1200 
 
 12-5 
 
 10-0 
 
 27-51 
 
 26-26 
 
 23-01 
 
 21-76 
 
 20-03 
 
 19-28 
 
 18-76 
 
 18-01 
 
 1300 
 
 11-8 
 
 10-6 
 
 28-21 
 
 26-96 
 
 23-71 
 
 22-46 
 
 20-73 
 
 19-98 
 
 19-46 
 
 18-71 
 
 1400 
 
 11-1 
 
 11-2 
 
 28-91 
 
 27-66 
 
 24-41 
 
 23-16 
 
 21-43 
 
 20-68 
 
 20-16 
 
 19-41 
 
 1500 
 
 10-5 
 
 11-9 
 
 29-71 
 
 28-46 
 
 25-21 
 
 23-96 
 
 22-23 
 
 21-48 
 
 20-96 
 
 20-21 
 
 1600 
 
 10-0 
 
 12-5 
 
 30-41 
 
 29-16 
 
 25-91 
 
 24-66 
 
 22-93 
 
 22-18 
 
 21-66 
 
 20-91 
 
 1700 
 
 9-52 
 
 13-1 
 
 31-11 
 
 29-86 
 
 26-61 
 
 25-36 
 
 23-63 
 
 22-88 
 
 22-36 
 
 21-61 
 
 1800 
 
 9-09 
 
 13-7 
 
 31-81 
 
 30-56 
 
 27-31 
 
 26-06 
 
 24-33 
 
 23-58 
 
 23-06 
 
 22-31 
 
 1900 
 
 8-70 
 
 14-4 
 
 32-61 
 
 31-36 
 
 28-11 
 
 26-86 
 
 25-13 
 
 24-38 
 
 23-86 
 
 23-11 
 
 2000 
 
 8-33 
 
 15-0 
 
 33-31 
 
 32-06 
 
 28-81 
 
 27-56 
 
 25-83 
 
 25-08 
 
 24-56 
 
 23-81 
 
 2250 
 
 7-54 
 
 16-6 
 
 35-16 
 
 33-91 
 
 30-66 
 
 29-41 
 
 27-68 
 
 26-93 
 
 26-41 
 
 25-66 
 
 2500 
 
 6-90 
 
 18-1 
 
 36-91 
 
 35-66 
 
 32-41 
 
 31-16 
 
 29-43 
 
 28-68 
 
 28-16 
 
 27-41 
 
 mile 
 
 6-58 
 
 19-0 
 
 37-95 
 
 36-70 
 
 33-45 
 
 32-20 
 
 30-47 
 
 29-72 
 
 29-20 
 
 28-45 
 
 3000 
 
 5-88 
 
 21-2 
 
 40-51 
 
 39-26 
 
 36-01 
 
 34-76 
 
 33-03 
 
 32-28 
 
 31-76 
 
 31-01 
 
 3250 
 
 6-48 
 
 22-8 
 
 42-36 
 
 41-11 
 
 37-86 
 
 36-61 
 
 34-88 
 
 34-13 
 
 33-61 
 
 32-86 
 
 3500 
 
 6-13 
 
 24-3 
 
 44-11 
 
 42-86 
 
 39-61 
 
 38-36 
 
 36-63 
 
 35-88 
 
 35-36 
 
 34-61 
 
 3750 
 
 4-82 
 
 25-9 
 
 45-96 
 
 44-71 
 
 41-46 
 
 40-21 
 
 38-48 
 
 37-73 
 
 37-21 
 
 36-46 
 
 4000 
 
 4-54 
 
 27-5 
 
 47-81 
 
 46-56 
 
 43-31 
 
 42-06 
 
 40-33 
 
 39-58 
 
 39-06 
 
 38-31 
 
 4250 
 
 4-30 
 
 29-1 
 
 49-66 
 
 48-41 
 
 45-16 
 
 43-91 
 
 42-18 
 
 41-45 
 
 40-93 
 
 40-18 
 
 4500 
 
 4-08 
 
 30-6 
 
 61-41 
 
 50-16 
 
 46-91 
 
 45-66 
 
 43-93 
 
 43-18 
 
 42-66 
 
 41-91 
 
 4750 
 
 3-88 
 
 32-2 
 
 53-26 
 
 62-01 
 
 48-76 
 
 47-51 
 
 45-78 
 
 45-03 
 
 44-51 
 
 43-76 
 
 6000 
 
 3-70 
 
 38-8 
 
 55-11 
 
 53-86 
 
 60-61 
 
 49-36 
 
 47-63 
 
 46-88 
 
 46-36 
 
 45-61 
 
 1 mile 
 
 3-52 
 
 35-5 
 
 57-09 
 
 55-84 
 
 52-59 
 
 51-34 
 
 49-61 
 
 48-86 
 
 48-34 
 
 47-59 
 
 ljm. 
 
 2-86 
 
 43-8 
 
 66-91 
 
 65-46 
 
 62-21 
 
 60-96 
 
 59-23 
 
 58-48 
 
 57-96 
 
 57-21 
 
 ijm. 
 
 2-40 
 
 52-1 
 
 76-33 
 
 75-08 
 
 71-83 
 
 70-58 
 
 68-85 
 
 68-10 
 
 67-58 
 
 66-83 
 
 if m. 
 
 2-07 
 
 60-4 
 
 85-95 
 
 84-70 
 
 81-45 
 
 80-20 
 
 78-47 
 
 77-72 
 
 77-20 
 
 76-45 
 
 2 m. 
 
 1-82 
 
 68-7 
 
 95-67 
 
 94-32 
 
 91-07 
 
 89-82 
 
 88-09 
 
 87-34 
 
 86-82 
 
 86-07 
 
59 
 
 ARTICLE 10. 
 
 BY WHEELBARROWS. The cost by barrows may be estimated in 
 the same manner as by carts. See Articles 1, &c. Men in wheeling 
 move at about the same average rate as horses do in hauling, that is, 
 2J miles an hour, or 200 feet per minute, or 1 minute per every 100- 
 feet length of lead. The time occupied in loading, emptying, &c. 
 (when, as is usual, the wheeler loads his own barrow,) is about 1*25 
 minutes, without regard to length of lead ; beside which, the time lost 
 in occasional short rests, in adjusting the wheeling-plank, and in other 
 incidental causes, amounts to about j'^ part of his whole time ; so that we 
 must in practice consider him as actually working but 9 hours out of 
 his 10 working ones, at the rate of 2*25 minutes per 100 feet of lead. 
 To find, then, the number of barrow-loads which he can remove in a 
 day, multiply the number of minutes (600) in a working day by '9 ; 
 and divide the product by the sum of 1*25, added to the number of 
 100-feet lengths in the lead ; that is, 
 
 The number of minutes in a working day x -9 the number of trips or of loads 
 
 1-25 +- the number of 100-feet lengths of lead ~~ removed per day per barrow. 
 
 Remark. For rock, which requires more time for loading, say 
 
 No. of minutes in a working day x *9_No. of loads removed 
 1-6 + No. of 100-feet lengths of lead "per day, per barrow 
 
 The number of loads divided by 14 will give the number of cubic 
 yards, since a cubic yard, measured in place, averages about 14 loads. 
 And the cost of a wheeler and barrow per day, (say $ 1 per man, and 
 5 cents per barrow,) divided by the number of cubic yards, will give 
 the cost per yard for loading, wheeling, and emptying. 
 
 Example. How many cubic yards of common loam, measured in 
 place, will one man load, wheel, and empty, per day of 10 working 
 hours (or 600 minutes) ; the lead, or distance to which the earth is 
 removed being 1000 feet (or 10 lengths of 100 feet); and what will 
 be the expense per yard, supposing the laborer and barrow to cost 
 $1.05 per day? 
 
 600 minutes x -9 540 
 Here > 1-25 + 10 lengths = fT25 = 48 tn P S > r loads ** ^' 
 
 And == 3'43 cubic yards per day. And -57 5 = 30'6 cts. 
 
 14 3'43 cub. yds. 
 
 per cubic yard for loading, wheeling away, emptying, and returning. 
 This would be increased almost inappreciably by the cost of the shovel, 
 which, in the following tables, however, is included in the cost of tools. 
 
60 
 
 ARTICLE 11. 
 
 The following tables are calculated as in the case of carts, by first 
 finding columns 2 and 3 by means of the Rule in Article 10, and then 
 adding to each sum in column 3, the variable quantity of '1 of a cent 
 per cubic yard per 100 feet of lead for keeping the wheeling-planks 
 in order; and the prices of loosening, spreading, superintendence, 
 water-carrying, &c., per cubic yard, as given in the preceding Articles 
 2 to 7. 
 
 BY WHEELBARROWS. LABOR $1 PER DAY, OF 10 WORKING HOURS. 
 
 1 
 
 Is 
 
 2 
 
 COMMON LOAM. 
 
 STRONG, HEAVY SOILS. 
 
 ll 
 
 *1 
 
 o ^ 
 
 1* 
 
 f*SL 
 
 
 
 
 & 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 $'~- 
 
 5 
 
 
 TOTAL COST PER CUBIC YARD, 
 
 TOTAL COST PER CUBIC YARD, 
 
 !1 
 
 ^>*3 
 
 .s-S 
 
 EXCLUSIVE OP PROFIT TO 
 
 EXCLUSIVE OP PROFIT TO 
 
 f * 
 
 |l , 
 
 |S 
 
 CONTRACTOR. (CENTS.) 
 
 CONTRACTOR. (CENTS.) 
 
 _- 2 
 
 <!la 
 
 gf 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 -a 
 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 I! 
 
 111 
 
 
 H3 *O 
 
 111 
 
 111 
 
 111 
 
 l-o 1 
 
 73 *O 
 
 111 
 
 1=1 
 
 111 
 
 4*1 
 
 I 1 
 
 1" ' 
 
 1~ 
 
 S OQ 
 
 O flC ~ 
 
 yz 
 
 I K 
 
 I s ! 
 
 * * 
 
 r! 
 
 *! 
 
 I s ! 
 
 Feet. 
 
 cub. yds. 
 
 CtH. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 25 
 
 25-7 
 
 4-09 
 
 10-12 
 
 8-87 
 
 8-42 
 
 7-17 
 
 11-62 
 
 10-37 
 
 9-12 
 
 7-87 
 
 50 
 
 22-1 
 
 4-75 
 
 10-80 
 
 9-55 
 
 9-10 
 
 7-85 
 
 12-30 
 
 11-05 
 
 9-80 
 
 8-55 
 
 75 
 
 19-3 
 
 5-44 
 
 11-52 
 
 10-27 
 
 9-82 
 
 8-57 
 
 13-02 
 
 11-77 
 
 10-52 
 
 9-27 
 
 100 
 
 17-1 
 
 6-14 
 
 12-24 
 
 10-99 
 
 10-54 
 
 9-29 
 
 13-74 
 
 12-49 
 
 11-24 
 
 9-99 
 
 150 
 
 14-0 
 
 7-50 
 
 13-65 
 
 12-40 
 
 11-95 
 
 10-70 
 
 15-15 
 
 13-90 
 
 12-65 
 
 11-40 
 
 200 
 
 11-9 
 
 8-82 
 
 15-02 
 
 13-77 
 
 13-32 
 
 12-07 
 
 16-52 
 
 15-27 
 
 14-02 
 
 12-77 
 
 250 
 
 10-3 
 
 10-2 
 
 16-45 
 
 15-20 
 
 14-75 
 
 13-50 
 
 17-95 
 
 16-70 
 
 15-45 
 
 14-20 
 
 300 
 
 9-07 
 
 11-6 
 
 17-90 
 
 16-65 
 
 16-20 
 
 14-95 
 
 19-40 
 
 18-15 
 
 16-90 
 
 15-65 
 
 350 
 
 8-14 
 
 12-9 
 
 19-25 
 
 18-00 
 
 17-55 
 
 16-30 
 
 20-75 
 
 19-50 
 
 18-25 
 
 17-00 
 
 400 
 
 7-36 
 
 14-3 
 
 20-70 
 
 19-45 
 
 19-00 
 
 17-75 
 
 22-20 
 
 20-95 
 
 19-70 
 
 18-45 
 
 450 
 
 6-71 
 
 15-6 
 
 22-05 
 
 20-80 
 
 20-35 
 
 19-10 
 
 23-55 
 
 22-30 
 
 21-05 
 
 19-8"0 
 
 500 
 
 6-17 
 
 17-0 
 
 23-50 
 
 22-25 
 
 21-80 
 
 20-55 
 
 25-00 
 
 23-75 
 
 22-50 
 
 21-25 
 
 600 
 
 5-32 
 
 19-7 
 
 26-30 
 
 25-05 
 
 24-60 
 
 23-35 
 
 27-80 
 
 26-55 
 
 25-30 
 
 24-05 
 
 700 
 
 4-67 
 
 22-5 
 
 29-20 
 
 27-95 
 
 27-50 
 
 26-25 
 
 30-70 
 
 29-45 
 
 28-20 
 
 26-95 
 
 800 
 
 4-17 
 
 25-2 
 
 32-00 
 
 30-75 
 
 30-30 
 
 29-05 
 
 33-50 
 
 32-25 
 
 31-00 
 
 29-75 
 
 900 
 
 3-76 
 
 27-9 
 
 34-80 
 
 33-55 
 
 33-10 
 
 31-85 
 
 36-30 
 
 35-05 
 
 33-80 
 
 32-55 
 
 1000 
 
 3-43 
 
 30-6 
 
 37-60 
 
 36-35 
 
 35-90 
 
 34-65 
 
 39-10 
 
 37-85 
 
 36-60 
 
 35-35 
 
 1200 
 
 2-91 
 
 36-1 
 
 43-30 
 
 42-Q5 
 
 41-60 
 
 40-35 
 
 44-80 
 
 43-55 
 
 42-30 
 
 41-05 
 
 1400 
 
 2-53 
 
 41-5 
 
 48-90 
 
 47-65 
 
 47-20 
 
 45-95 
 
 50-40 
 
 49-15 
 
 47-90 
 
 46-65 
 
 1600 
 
 2-24 
 
 46-9 
 
 54-50 
 
 53-45 
 
 52-80 
 
 51-55 
 
 56-00 
 
 54-75 
 
 53-50 
 
 52-25 
 
 1800 
 
 2-00 
 
 52-5 
 
 60-30 
 
 59-05 
 
 58-60 
 
 6735 
 
 61-80 
 
 60-55 
 
 59-30 
 
 58-05 
 
 2000 
 
 1-81 
 
 58-0 
 
 66-00 
 
 64-75 
 
 64-30 
 
 63-05 
 
 67-50 
 
 66-25 
 
 65-00 
 
 63-75 
 
 2200 
 
 1-66 
 
 63-3 
 
 71-50 
 
 70-25 
 
 69-80 
 
 68-55 
 
 73-00 
 
 71-75 
 
 70-50 
 
 69-25 
 
 2400 
 
 1-53 
 
 68-6 
 
 77-00 
 
 75-75 
 
 75-30 
 
 74-05 
 
 78-50 
 
 77-25 
 
 76-00 
 
 74-75 
 
 imile 
 
 1-39 
 
 75-5 
 
 84-14 
 
 82-89 
 
 82-44 
 
 81-19 
 
 85-64 
 
 84-39 
 
 83-14 
 
 81-89 
 
61 
 
 BY WHEELBARROWS. LABOR $1 PER DAT, OF 10 WORKING HOURS. 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 | 
 
 PURE STIFF CLAY, OR 
 
 LIGHT SANDY SOILS. 
 
 i 
 
 
 "T .j. 
 
 CEMENTED GRAVEL. 
 
 
 3 
 
 h 
 
 <2 a 
 g| 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 ii 
 
 t 1 
 
 TOTAL COST PER CUBIC YARD, 
 
 TOTAL COST PER CUBIC YARD, 
 
 1? 
 
 ^s 
 
 
 EXCLUSIVE OF PROFIT TO 
 
 EXCLUSIVE OF PROFIT TO 
 
 sl 
 
 3 * 
 
 i! 
 
 CONTRACTOR. 
 
 CONTRACTOR. 
 
 fi 
 
 S || 
 
 Il 
 
 S-3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Number o 
 loaded, 
 
 each 1 >ai i 
 
 Cost per cu 
 ing, whei 
 
 lit 
 
 CM OQ 
 
 !! 
 
 r! 
 
 * CU 
 S OQ 
 
 H 
 
 ill 
 
 jd a to 
 
 r! 
 
 I 1 ! 
 
 CM & 
 
 Feet. 
 
 cub. yds. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 cts. 
 
 25 
 
 25-7 
 
 4-09 
 
 14-62 
 
 13-37 
 
 10-12 
 
 8-87 
 
 8-79 
 
 8-04 
 
 7.52 
 
 6-77 
 
 50 
 
 22-1 
 
 4-75 
 
 15-30 
 
 14-05 
 
 10-80 
 
 9-55 
 
 9-47 
 
 8-72 
 
 8-20 
 
 7-45 
 
 75 
 
 19-3 
 
 5-44 
 
 16-02 
 
 14-77 
 
 11-52 
 
 10-27 
 
 10-19 
 
 9-44 
 
 8-92 
 
 8-17 
 
 100 
 
 17-1 
 
 6-14 
 
 16-74 
 
 15-49 
 
 12-24 
 
 10-99 
 
 10-91 
 
 10-16 
 
 9-64 
 
 8-89 
 
 150 
 
 14-0 
 
 7-50 
 
 18-15 
 
 16-90 
 
 13-65 
 
 12-40 
 
 12-32 
 
 11-57 
 
 11-05 
 
 10-30 
 
 200 
 
 11-9 
 
 8-82 
 
 19-52 
 
 18-27 
 
 15-02 
 
 13-77 
 
 13-69 
 
 12-94 
 
 12-42 
 
 11-67 
 
 250 
 
 10-3 
 
 10-2 
 
 20-95 
 
 19-70 
 
 16-45 
 
 15-20 
 
 15-12 
 
 14-37 
 
 13-85 
 
 13-10 
 
 300 
 
 9-07 
 
 11-6 
 
 22-40 
 
 21-15 
 
 17-90 
 
 16-65 
 
 16-57 
 
 15-82 
 
 15-30 
 
 14-55 
 
 350 
 
 8-14 
 
 12-9 
 
 23-75 
 
 22-50 
 
 19-25 
 
 18-00 
 
 17-92 
 
 17-17 
 
 16-65 
 
 15-90 
 
 400 
 
 7-36 
 
 14-3 
 
 25-20 
 
 23-95 
 
 20-70 
 
 19-45 
 
 19-37 
 
 18-62 
 
 18-10 
 
 17-35 
 
 450 
 
 6-71 
 
 15-6 
 
 26-55 
 
 25-30 
 
 22-05 
 
 20-80 
 
 20-72 
 
 19-97 
 
 19-45 
 
 18-70 
 
 500 
 
 6-17 
 
 17-0 
 
 28-00 
 
 26-75 
 
 23-50 
 
 22-25 
 
 22-17 
 
 21-42 
 
 20-90 
 
 20-15 
 
 600 
 
 5-32 
 
 19-7 
 
 30-80 
 
 29-55 
 
 26-30 
 
 25-05 
 
 24-97 
 
 24-22 
 
 23-70 
 
 22-95 
 
 700 
 
 4-67 
 
 22-5 
 
 33-70 
 
 32-45 
 
 29-20 
 
 27-95 
 
 27-87 
 
 27-12 
 
 26-60 
 
 25-85 
 
 800 
 
 4-17 
 
 25-2 
 
 36-50 
 
 35-25 
 
 32-00 
 
 30-75 
 
 30-67 
 
 29-92 
 
 29-40 
 
 28-65 
 
 900 
 
 3-76 
 
 27-9 
 
 39-30 
 
 38-05 
 
 34-80 
 
 33-55 
 
 33-47 
 
 32-72 
 
 32-20 
 
 31-45 
 
 1000 
 
 3-43 
 
 30-6 
 
 42-10 
 
 40-85 
 
 37-60 
 
 36-35 
 
 36-27 
 
 35-52 
 
 35-00 
 
 34-25 
 
 1200 
 
 2-91 
 
 36-1 
 
 47-80 
 
 46-55 
 
 43-30 
 
 42-05 
 
 41-97 
 
 41-22 
 
 40-70 
 
 39-90 
 
 1400 
 
 2-53 
 
 41-5 
 
 53-40 
 
 5-2-15 
 
 48-90 
 
 47-65 
 
 47-57 
 
 46-82 
 
 46-30 
 
 45-55 
 
 1600 
 
 2-24 
 
 46-9 
 
 59-00 
 
 57-75 
 
 54-50 
 
 53-25 
 
 53-17 
 
 52-42 
 
 51-90 
 
 61-15 
 
 1800 
 
 2-00 
 
 52-5 
 
 64-80 
 
 63-55 
 
 60-30 
 
 59-05 
 
 58-97 
 
 58-22 
 
 57-70 
 
 66-95 
 
 2000 
 
 1-81 
 
 58-0 
 
 70-50 
 
 69-25 
 
 66-00 
 
 64-75 
 
 64-67 
 
 63-92 
 
 63-40 
 
 62-65 
 
 2200 
 
 1-66 
 
 63-3 
 
 76-00 
 
 74-75 
 
 71-50 
 
 70-25 
 
 70-17 
 
 69-42 
 
 68-90 
 
 68-15 
 
 2400 
 
 1-53 
 
 68-6 
 
 81-50 
 
 80-25 
 
 77-00 
 
 75-75 
 
 75-67 
 
 74-92 
 
 74-40 
 
 73-65 
 
 $ mile 
 
 1-39 
 
 75-5 
 
 88-64 
 
 87-39 
 
 84-14 
 
 82-89 
 
 82-81 
 
 82-06 
 
 81-54 
 
 80-79 
 
62 
 AKTICLE 12. 
 
 BY WHEELED SCRAPERS AND DRAG SCRAPERS. The body of the 
 
 wheeled scraper is a box of smooth sheet-steel about 3J feet square by 
 15 inches deep, containing about \ cubic yard of earth when "even 
 full." The box is open in front (in some machines it is closed by an 
 "end gate" when full), and can be raised and lowered, and revolved 
 on a horizontal axis. To fill the box, it is lowered into, and held down 
 in, the earth, while the team draws the machine forward. When full, 
 it is raised to about a foot above ground ; and, on reaching the dump, 
 is unloaded by being overturned on its axis. All the movements of 
 the box are made by means of levers, and without stopping the team, 
 which thus travels constantly. The wheels have broad tires, to prevent 
 them from cutting into the ground. 
 
 In the drag scraper the box, owing to the greater resistance to trac- 
 tion, is made much smaller. It contains about .15 to .25 cubic yard 
 in place, and is always open in front. The operation of the drag 
 scraper is similar to that of the wheeled scraper, except that the box, 
 when filled, rests upon the ground and is dragged over it by the team. 
 
 Each scraper ("wheeled" or "drag") requires the constant use of a 
 team of two horses with a driver. Besides, a number of men, 
 depending on the shortness of the lead and the number of scrapers, 
 are required in the pit and at the dump, to load the scrapers (by hold- 
 ing the box down into the earth) and unload them (by tipping the box). 
 Except in sand, or in very soft soil, it is economical to use a plow 
 before scraping. 
 
 The severest work for the team is the filling of the box; and this 
 occurs oftenest where the lead is shortest. Hence smaller scrapers are 
 used on short than on long hauls. We base our calculations on the 
 following loads: 
 
 For drag scrapers (used only on short hauls) 2 cubic yard 
 
 For wheeled scrapers 
 
 lead less than 100 feet 33 " 
 
 " 100 to 300 feet 4 " 
 
 " 400to500feet 5 " 
 
 " over 500 feet 6 
 
 The daily expense per scraper, for driver's wages and the use of a 
 2-horse team, is about $3.50. For leads of 400 feet and over, we add 
 50 cents per day for use of "snatch team" to help load the larger 
 scrapers then used. One snatch team generally serves a number of 
 scrapers. 
 
 Owing to the fact that the teams are constantly in motion without 
 rest, they travel somewhat more slowly than with carts. We take 1 50 
 feet per minute (or 75 feet of lead per minute) as an average. 
 
 In loading and unloading, the teams not only go out of their way 
 in order to turn around, but travel more slowly than when simply 
 hauling. To cover this we make an addition of 25 feet to each length 
 of lead, whether long or short, for wheeled scrapers; and 15 feet for 
 drag scrapers. 
 
63 
 
 We add 1 cent per cubic yard for the cost of loading and dumping 
 the scrapers ; and estimate the approximate cost of the other items as 
 follows : 
 
 Repairs of cart road ^ cent per cubic yard in place for each 100 feet of lead. 
 
 Light Soils. Heavy Soils. 
 
 Loosening. Ct3. per cub. yd. in place. Cts. per cub. yd. in place. 
 
 by pick .......................................... * .. ......................... 5. 
 
 by shovel ...................................... * ........................... 2. 
 
 Spreading ............................................. 1 .................... ....... 1.5 
 
 Superintendence, wear and tear, etc ......... 1 ............................ 1. 
 
 AVe repeat that our figures are to be regarded merely as tolerable 
 approximations, and subject to great variations according to skill of 
 contractor and superintendent, strength of teams, character of material 
 moved, state of weather, etc., etc. 
 
 No. of trips per day _ No. (600) of minutes in a working day 
 per wheeled scraper ~No. of 75 ft. lengths in (lead + 25 ft.) 
 
 No. of trips per day _ No. (600) of minutes in a working day 
 per drag scraper ~ No. of 75 ft. lengths in (lead + 15 ft.) 
 
 No. of cub. yds. in place moved __ No. of trips per ^ No. of cub. yds. in place, 
 per day by each scraper "* day per scraper * per scraper per trip. 
 
 Cost per cub. yd. in place, _ Daily expense of one scraper 1 cent for loading 
 
 for loading hauling, " No. of cub. yds. in place, moved + and dumping 
 dumping and returning e r b each scraer 
 
 y each scraper 
 
 Jubtc vard ^n ^^ P 6 ?" cub ' ?*' in - 1 cent P 61 " cub ' 7 d - Cost ' P 61 " . cub ' ? d ' in P lace 
 P lace for loadin g> _L in P lace for each , of loosening spreading or 
 kauling, dumping, ~r 100 feet of lead, for+ wasting, and superintend- 
 and returning repairs of road. eiice &c. 
 
 of 
 profit 
 
 BY WHEELED SCRAPERS. 
 Labor $1 per day of 10 working hours. 
 
 "Sjg 
 
 Hi 
 
 a~ 
 
 .= MM 
 .o"t3.2 
 
 L-ti 
 
 till 
 
 Total cost, per cub. yd. in place, exclusive of contractor's profit. 
 
 Light Soils. 
 
 Heavy Soils. 
 
 Spread. 
 
 Wasted. 
 
 Picke 
 Spread. 
 
 d and 
 Wasted. 
 
 Plowe 
 Spread. 
 
 d and 
 Wasted. 
 
 Feet. 
 50 
 100 
 150 
 200 
 300 
 400 
 600 
 800 
 1000 
 
 cub. yds. 
 200 
 140 
 105 
 80 
 56 
 50 
 43 
 33 
 27 
 
 cts. 
 2.8 
 3.4 
 4.3 
 5.4 
 7.3 
 8.5 
 10 
 13 
 16 
 
 cts. 
 4.9 
 5.5 
 6.5 
 7.6 
 9.6 
 11 
 13 
 16 
 19 
 
 cts. 
 
 3.9 
 4.5 
 5.5 
 6.6 
 8.6 
 10 
 12 
 15 
 18 
 
 cts. 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 15 
 16 
 18 
 21 
 25 
 
 cts. 
 8.5 
 9.5 
 11 
 12 
 14 
 15 
 17 
 20 
 24 
 
 Cts. 
 7.3 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 12 
 13 
 15 
 18 
 22 
 
 Cts. 
 5.8 
 6.5 
 7.5 
 8.5 
 11 
 12 
 14 
 17 
 21 
 
 * Light soils can generally be advantageously loosened by the scrapers themselves in the act of 
 loading. 
 
64 
 
 BY DRAG SCRAPERS. 
 Labor $1 per day of 10 working hours. 
 
 S| 
 
 ffr 
 
 s l 
 
 Total cost, per cubic yard in place, exclusive of 
 
 'o^'S 
 
 i| ri 
 
 
 contractor's profit. 
 
 *f| 
 
 s l| 
 
 lt1 
 
 <2bE.2 
 
 Light Soils. 
 
 Heavy Soils. 
 
 til 
 
 g -j cS 
 
 |1| 
 
 ill! 
 
 
 
 
 
 Picked and 
 
 Plowed and 
 
 g* 
 
 I 
 
 |M 
 
 Spread. 
 
 Wasted. 
 
 Spread. 
 
 Wasted. 
 
 Spread. 
 
 Wasted. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Cu. yds. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 less) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 than [ 
 
 220 
 
 2.6 
 
 4.6 
 
 3.6 
 
 10 
 
 8.5 
 
 7 
 
 5.5 
 
 40 J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 140 
 
 3.5 
 
 5.5 
 
 4.5 
 
 11 
 
 9.5 
 
 8 
 
 6.5 
 
 75 
 
 100 
 
 4.5 
 
 6.6 
 
 5.6 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 100 
 
 80 
 
 5.4 
 
 7.5 
 
 6.5 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 150 
 
 54 
 
 7.5 
 
 9.6 
 
 8.6 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 200 
 
 42 
 
 9.3 
 
 12. 
 
 11. 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 Both wheeled and drag scrapers are made by Western Wheel Scraper 
 Co., Mount Pleasant, Iowa ; by Kilbourne & Jacobs Manufacturing 
 Co., Columbus, Ohio ; by Fay Manufacturing Co., Elyria, Ohio, and 
 others. A medium-sized wheeled scraper, weighing 450 fibs, and 
 carrying *4 cubic yard, costs about from $50 to $70. A drag scraper 
 weighs about 100 fibs., and cost about $14. 
 
 AETICLE 13. 
 
 BY CARS AND LOCOMOTIVE, ON LEVEL TRACK, based upon the 
 following assumptions. Trains of 10 cars, each car containing 1J 
 cubic yards of earth measured in place. Average speed of trains, 
 including starting and stopping, but not standing, 10 miles per 
 hour, = 5 miles of lead per hour. Labor $1 per day of 10 working 
 hours. Loosening, loading (by shovelers), spreading, wear etc. of 
 tools, superintendence, etc., the same as with carts, Arts. 2, 3, 5, and 7. 
 Loss of time in each trip for loading, unloading, etc., 9 minutes, = '15 
 hour. Therefore, 
 
 Number of trips per ) __ The number (10) of hours in a working day 
 day per train j ~ -15 + the number of 5-mile lengths in the le~aZ 
 
 Number of cubic") 
 yards in pi ace, per > 
 day per train. J 
 
 Number of Number (10) Number (1-5) of cubic 
 trips per day X of cars in a X yards in place in each 
 per train. train. car. 
 
 Cost per cubic yard, in place, 
 for hauling, dumping, and 
 returning 
 
 One day's train expenses -f- one day's cost of track 
 Number of cubic yards in place per day per train. 
 
65 
 
 One day's train expenses: 
 
 Cost of 10 care @ $100 $1,000 
 
 " locomotive 3,000 
 
 $4,000 
 
 One day's interest, at 6 per cent, on cost of train, $0.67 
 
 Wages of engine driver (who fires his own engine) 2.00 
 
 ' foreman at dump 2.00 
 
 " 3 men at dump at $1 3.00 
 
 Fuel 2.00 
 
 Water 1.00 
 
 Repairs of locomotive and cars 2.33 
 
 Total daily expense of one train $13.00 
 
 The daily expense of track, for interest and repairs, may be taken at 
 3 for each mile, or fraction of a mile, of lead. Therefore, 
 
 Cost per cubic yard in place, 
 for hauling, dumping, and 
 returning 
 
 Total cost per cubic 
 yard in place, exclu- 
 sive of contractor's 
 profit 
 
 $13 -f ($3 for each mile of lead) 
 Number of Number (10) Number (1'5) 
 trips per day X of cars in a X of cubic yards 
 per train train in each car 
 
 Cost per cubic yard Cost per cubic yard, in place, for 
 
 in place for hauling, , loosening, loading, spreading or 
 
 dumping, and return- " wasting, and superintendence, 
 
 ing &c. (Arts. 2, 3, 5, and 7.) 
 
 BY CARS AND LOCOMOTIVE. 
 
 Labor $1 per day of 10 working hours. 
 
 Miles. 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 10 
 
 Total cost per cubic yard, in place, exclusive of contractor's profit. 
 
 &g.s 111 
 
 B . > .a * 
 
 111 ^ 
 
 Light Sandy Soils, 
 
 L 
 
 'M's J "Si 
 muff * 
 
 Cu. yds. 
 
 4350 
 
 2700 
 
 1950 
 
 1500 
 
 1200 
 
 1050 
 
 900 
 
 750 
 
 600 
 
 Cts. 
 .4 
 .7 
 1.1 
 1.7 
 2.3 
 3. 
 3.8 
 4.9 
 7.2 
 
 OGG 
 
 Cts. 
 
 9.7 
 10. 
 10.4 
 11. 
 11.6 
 12.3 
 13.1 
 14.2 
 16.5 
 
 Cts. 
 
 8.4 
 8.8 
 9.2 
 9.7 
 
 10.4 
 
 11. 
 
 11.8 
 
 13. 
 
 15.2 
 
 I -II 
 
 Cts. 
 
 8.4 
 8.8 
 9.2 
 9.7 
 
 10.4 
 
 11. 
 
 11.8 
 
 13. 
 
 15.2 
 
 Cts. 
 7.2 
 7.5 
 7.9 
 8.5 
 9.1 
 9.8 
 
 10.6 
 
 11.7 
 
 14. 
 
 Strong Heavy Soils. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 13.7 
 
 14. 
 
 14.5 
 
 15. 
 
 15.6 
 
 16.3 
 
 17.1 
 
 18.2 
 
 20.5 
 
 
 Cts. 
 
 12.4 
 
 12.8 
 
 13.3 
 
 13.7 
 
 14.4 
 
 15. 
 
 15.8 
 
 17. 
 
 19.2 
 
 1 
 
 Cts. 
 11.3 
 11.6 
 12.1 
 12.6 
 13.2 
 13.9 
 14.7 
 15.8 
 18. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 10. 
 
 10.4 
 
 10.9 
 
 11.3 
 
 12. 
 
 12.6 
 
 13.4 
 
 14.6 
 
 16.8 
 
STEAM EXCAVATORS. 
 
 Where large amounts of work are to be done, the steam excavator, 
 land dredge or steam shovel generally economizes time and money. 
 Where the depth of cutting is less than 10 feet, so much time is lost 
 in moving from place to place that the excavators do not work to 
 advantage. In stiff soils, cuttings may be made about from 17 to 20 
 feet deep without changing the level of the machine. For greater 
 depths in such soils the work is done in two levels, since the bucket 
 or dipper cannot reach so high. But in sand and loose gravel, much 
 deeper cuts may be made from a single level. 
 
 The excavator resembles a dredging machine in its appearance and 
 operation. A large plate-steel bucket, like a dredging bucket, with a 
 flat hinged bottom, and provided with steel cutting teeth, is forced 
 into and dragged through the earth by steam power. It dumps its 
 load, by means of the hinged bottom, either into cars for transporta- 
 tion, or upon the waste bank, as desired. 
 
 Each machine is mounted on a car of standard gauge, which can be 
 coupled in an ordinary freight train. The car is made of wood or iron, 
 as desired, and is provided with a locomotive attachment, by which it 
 can be moved from point to point as the work proceeds. The ma- 
 chines can be used as wrecking or derrick cars. Each machine has a 
 water tank, holding from 300 to 550 gallons, for the supply of its 
 boiler. 
 
 Before beginning to excavate, the end of the car nearest the work is 
 lifted from the track by hydraulic or screw jacks, upon which it rests 
 while working. 
 
 In stiff soils the excavator leaves the sides of the cut nearly vertical ; 
 and the desired slope is afterwards given by pick and shovel. When 
 the soil is hard or much frozen, it may be loosened by blasting in 
 advance of the excavator. 
 
 Steam excavators are made by Osgood Dredge Co., Albany, N. Y.; 
 by John Souther & Co., (the " Otis " excavator) Boston, Mass.; by 
 Vulcan Iron Works, Toledo, O.; by Industrial Works, Bay City, 
 Mich.; and by Pound Manufacturing Co., Lockport, N. Y. 
 
 The Osgood is made in two sizes. In No. 1 the car is 34 ft. x 10 ft., 
 and its floor is 4 ft. above the rails. It has a four-wheeled truck near 
 each end. The dipper holds 2 cubic yards, struck measure. The 
 machine weighs, complete, about 40 tons, and costs about $7500 on 
 track at works (Albany, N. Y.). In the No. 2 machine, the car is 
 28 ft. x 10 ft., floor 5 ft. above the rails. It has two pairs of wheels, 
 
 16 feet apart from centre to centre of axles. The dipper holds 1 J cubic 
 yards, struck measure. The machine weighs, complete, about 28 tons, 
 and costs about $6000. 
 
 The excavator has to be moved forward (as the work advances) 
 about 8 feet at a time. As regularly made, it can dig at a distance of 
 
 17 feet, horizontally, from the center of the car in any direction, and 
 
67 
 
 can dump 12 feet above the track. In sand or gravel it takes out, 
 while actually digging, 3 dipperfuls (=4J to 6 cubic yards in the 
 dipper, =3.75 to 5 cubic yards in place) per minute; in stiff clay, 
 2 dipperfuls per minute (=3 to 4 cubic yards in the dipper, =2.5 to 
 3.33 cubic yards in place). An average day's work (10 hours) for a 
 "No. 1" machine, including time lost in moving the machine, &c., is 
 about 500 cubic yards in "hard-pan," and from 1200 to 1500 in sand 
 and gravel. This allows for the usual and generally unavoidable 
 delays in having cars ready for the excavator. 
 
 The excavators carry about 80 to 90 Ibs. of steam. They burn 
 from 100 to 150 Ibs. of good hard or soft coal per hour; and require 
 one engineer, one fireman, one cranesman, and 5 to 10 pitmen, includ- 
 ing a boss. The pitmen are laborers, who attend to the jacks, lay 
 track for the excavator and for the dump cars, assist in moving the 
 latter, bring or pump water, &c,, &c. 
 
 After reaching the site of the work, about 30 minutes are required 
 for getting the excavator into working condition ; and an equal length 
 of time, after completion of the work, in getting it ready for trans- 
 portation. 
 
 The following figures are taken from the records of work done by 
 a No. 1 machine, from May to November, 1883. The material was 
 hard clay with pockets of sand. The expenses per day of 12 working 
 hours, at $1.50 per such day for labor,. were 
 
 Water, (a very high allowance) .$ 5.60 
 
 Coal, 11 tons bituminous. 10.00 
 
 Wages of engineer 4.00 
 
 " " fireman.- 1.50 
 
 " " cranesman or dipper-tender 2.50 
 
 " " pit boss 3.00 
 
 " " 8 pitmen at $1.50 12.00 
 
 Oil, waste, repairs Ac. (estimated) 5.00 
 
 Interest on cost ($7500) of machine 1.25 
 
 $44.25 
 
 Reduced to our standard of 1 for labor per day of 10 working 
 hours, this would be say $30.00 per day. Reduced to the same 
 standard, and allowing for the greater proportional loss of time in 
 stopping at evening and starting in the morning : the average daily 
 quantity excavated, measured in place, was, in shallow cutting, 530 
 cubic yards; in deep cutting, 1200 cubic yards; average of whole 
 operation, 800 cubic yards. This would make the cost, per cubic yard 
 measured in place, for loosening and loading into cars, 5.67 cts., 
 2.5 cts., and 3.75 cts. respectively ; while the cost by ploughing and 
 shoveling, in strong heavy soils, by Arts. 2 and 3, is 7.4 cts. ; and by 
 picking and shoveling, say 10 cts. 
 
68 
 
 ARTICLE 14. 
 
 REMOVING ROCK EXCAVATION BY WHEELBARBOWS. A cubic 
 yard of hard rock, in place, or before being blasted, will weigh about 
 1*8 tons, if sandstone or conglomerate (150 Ibs. per cubic foot); or 2 
 tons if good compact granite, gneiss, limestone, or marble (168 Ibs. 
 per cubic foot). So that, near enough for practice in the case before 
 us, we may assume the weight of any of them to be about 1*9 tons, 
 or 4256 Ibs. per cubic yard, in place; or 158 Ibs. per cubic foot. 
 
 Now, a solid cubic yard of any of these, when broken up by blast- 
 ing for removal by wheelbarrows or carts, will occupy a space of about 
 1*8, or 1J. cubic yards; whereas average earth, when loosened, swells 
 to but about 1'2, or li of its original bulk in place; although, after 
 being made into embankment, it eventually shrinks into less than 
 its original bulk. In estimating for earth, it is assumed that T \ cubic 
 yard, in place, is a fair load for a wheelbarrow. Such a cubic yard 
 
 will weigh on an average 2430 Ibs., or 1*09 tons; therefore, rj = 
 
 1 74 Ibs., is the weight of a barrow-load, of 2*31 cubic feet of loose 
 earth. Assuming that a barrow of loose rock should weigh about 
 the same as one of earth, we may take it at -^ of a cubic yard ; which 
 
 gives p. == 177 Ibs. per load of loose rock, occupying 2 cubic feet 
 of space. 
 
 In the following table, columns 2 and 3 are prepared on the same 
 principle as for earth, as directed in Article 10. Column 4 is made 
 up by adding to each amount in column 3, *2 of a cent for each 100 
 feet length of lead, for keeping the wheeling-planks in order ; and 45 
 cents'per cubic yard, in place, as the actual cost for loosening, including 
 tools, drilling, powder, &c. ; as well as moderate drainage, and every 
 ordinary contingency not embraced in column 3. Contractor's profits, 
 of course, are not here included. 
 
 Ample experience shows that when labor is at $1 per day, the fore- 
 going 45 cents per cubic yard, in place, is a sufficiently liberal allow- 
 ance for loosening hard rock under all ordinary circumstances. In 
 practice it will generally range between 30 and 60 cents ; depending 
 on the position of the strata, hardness, toughness, water, and other 
 considerations. Soft shales, and other allied rocks, may frequently be 
 loosened by pick and plough, as low as 15 to 20 cents; while, on the 
 other hand, shallow cuttings of very tough rock, with an unfavorable 
 position of strata, especially in the bottoms of excavations, may cost 
 $1, or even considerably more. These, however, are exceptional 
 cases, of comparatively rare occurrence. The quarrying of average 
 hard rock requires about J to J Ib. of powder per cubic yard, in place ; 
 but the nature of the rock, the position of the strata, &c., may increase 
 
69 
 
 it to \ lb., or more. Soft rock frequently requires more powder than 
 hard. A good churn-driller will drill from 8 to 12 feet in depth, of 
 holes about 2J feet deep, and 2 inches diameter, per day, in average 
 hard rock, at from 12 to 18 cents per foot. Drillers receive higher 
 wages than common laborers. 
 
 HARD ROCK, BY WHEELBARROWS. 
 Labor $1 per day of 10 working hours. 
 
 Length of load, or dis- 
 tance to which the 
 rock is wheeled. 
 
 Number of cubic yards, 
 in place, wheeled per 
 day by each barrow. 
 
 s*i 
 
 tit 
 
 !4 
 !iL 
 
 3* 
 
 Total cost per cubic yard, 
 in place, exclusive of 
 profit to contractor. 
 
 1 
 
 Length of lead, or dis- 
 tance to which the 
 rock is wheeled. 
 
 Number of cubic yards, 
 in place, wheeled per 
 day by each barrow 
 
 ||| 
 
 1} 
 
 ~ 
 
 fill 
 
 TotHlcostporcul.icyanl, I 
 in plaoe, exclusive of 
 profit to con trad or. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 cubic yds. 
 
 cents. 
 
 cents. 
 
 Feet 
 
 cubic yds. 
 
 cents. 
 
 cents. 
 
 25 
 
 12-2 
 
 8-64 
 
 53-7 
 
 600 
 
 2-96 
 
 35-5 
 
 81-7 
 
 50 
 
 10-7 
 
 9-81 
 
 54-9 
 
 700 
 
 2-62 
 
 40-1 
 
 80-5 
 
 75 
 
 9-58 
 
 11-0 
 
 56-2 
 
 800 
 
 2-34 
 
 44-8 
 
 91-4 
 
 100 
 
 8-66 
 
 12-1 
 
 57-3 
 
 900 
 
 2-12 
 
 49-5 
 
 96-3 
 
 150 
 
 7-26 
 
 14-5 
 
 59-8 
 
 1000 
 
 1-94 
 
 64-1 
 
 101-1 
 
 200 
 
 6-25 
 
 16-8 
 
 62-2 
 
 1200 
 
 1-65 
 
 63-6 
 
 115-0 
 
 250 
 
 5-49 
 
 19-1 
 
 64-6 
 
 1400 
 
 1-44 
 
 72-9 
 
 120-7 
 
 300 
 
 4-89 
 
 21-5 
 
 67-1 
 
 1600 
 
 1-28 
 
 82-2 
 
 130-4 
 
 350 
 
 4-41 
 
 23-8 
 
 69-5 
 
 1800 
 
 1-15 
 
 91-5 
 
 140-1 
 
 400 
 
 4-02 
 
 26-1 
 
 71-9 
 
 2000 
 
 1-04 
 
 100-8 
 
 149-8 
 
 450 
 
 3-69 
 
 28-5 
 
 74-4 
 
 2200 
 
 953 
 
 110-2 
 
 169-6 
 
 500 
 
 3-41 
 
 30-8 
 
 76-8 
 
 2400 
 
 879 
 
 119-5 
 
 169-3 
 
 ARTICLE 15. 
 
 REMOVING ROCK EXCAVATION BY CARTS. A cart-load of rock 
 may be taken at of a cubic yard, in place. This will weigh, on an 
 average, 851 Ibs. ; or but 41 Ibs. more than a cart-load of average 
 soil. Since the cart itself will weigh about \ a ton, the total loads 
 are very nearly equal in both cases. Columns 2 and 3 of the follow- 
 ing table are prepared on the same principle as for earth, as directed 
 in Article 4. Column 4 is made up by adding to each amount in 
 column 3, the following items. For blasting, (and for everything 
 except those in column 3; loading, and repairs of cart-road,) 45 cents 
 per cubic yard, in place ; for loading, 8 cents, per cubic yard, in place ; 
 and for repairs of road, *2, or \ of a cent for each 100-feet length of 
 lead. Contractor's profit not included. 
 
70 
 
 HARD ROCK, BY CARTS. 
 
 ttbT 1 er du o 10 worin h 
 
 r 
 
 ft- 
 
 fl 
 
 i 
 
 5 * 
 
 E 
 
 1 
 
 Tf* . 
 
 |S 
 
 rfh 
 
 ill 
 
 u 
 
 II I 
 
 8 "5 
 
 il-j 
 
 |1 8 
 
 >> a 
 
 .si 
 
 slg 
 
 Sga 
 
 111 
 
 **i 
 
 >> 
 
 *** 
 
 I.sl 
 
 fit 
 
 !li 
 
 |e.g 
 
 1 * i 
 
 f|| 
 
 ||| 
 
 i 
 
 it 
 
 ij* 
 
 ^?t 
 
 4S 
 
 I-. g 
 
 111 
 
 Hs 
 icl 
 
 j 
 
 z 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 IjL 
 
 % 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 Feet. 
 
 cubic yds. 
 
 cents. 
 
 cents 
 
 Feet. 
 
 cubic yds. 
 
 cents. 
 
 cents. 
 
 25 
 
 19-2 
 
 6-61 
 
 59-6 
 
 1800 
 
 5-00 
 
 25-0 
 
 81-6 
 
 50 
 
 18-5 
 
 6-77 
 
 59-9 
 
 1900 
 
 4-80 
 
 26-0 
 
 82-8 
 
 75 
 
 17-8 
 
 7-03 
 
 60-2 
 
 2000 
 
 4-62 
 
 27-1 
 
 84-1 
 
 100 
 
 17-1 
 
 7-29 
 
 60-5 
 
 2250 
 
 4-21 
 
 29-7 
 
 87-2 
 
 150 
 
 16-0 
 
 7-81 
 
 61-1 
 
 2500 
 
 3-87 
 
 32-3 
 
 90-3 
 
 200 
 
 15-0 
 
 8-33 
 
 61-7 
 
 mile 
 
 3-70 
 
 33-7 
 
 92-0 
 
 300 
 
 13-3 
 
 9-37 
 
 63-0 
 
 3000 
 
 3-33 
 
 37-5 
 
 96-5 
 
 400 
 
 12-0 
 
 10-4 
 
 64-2 
 
 3250 
 
 3-12 
 
 40-1 
 
 99-6 
 
 500 
 
 10-9 
 
 11-5 
 
 65-5 
 
 3500 
 
 2-92 
 
 42-8 
 
 102-8 
 
 600 
 
 10-0 
 
 12-5 
 
 66-7 
 
 3750 
 
 2-76 
 
 45-3 
 
 105-8 
 
 700 
 
 9-23 
 
 13-6 
 
 68-0 
 
 4000 
 
 2-61 
 
 47-9 
 
 108-9 
 
 800 
 
 8-57 
 
 14-6 
 
 69-2 
 
 4250 
 
 2-47 
 
 50-6 
 
 112-1 
 
 900 
 
 8-00 
 
 15-6 
 
 70-4 
 
 4500 
 
 2-35 
 
 53-2 
 
 115-2 
 
 1000 
 
 7-50 
 
 16-7 
 
 71-7 
 
 4750 
 
 2-24 
 
 55-8 
 
 118-3 
 
 1100 
 
 7-06 
 
 17-7 
 
 72-9 
 
 5000 
 
 2-14 
 
 58-4 
 
 121-4 
 
 1200 
 
 ' 6-67 
 
 18-7 
 
 74-1 
 
 1 mile 
 
 2-04 
 
 61-2 
 
 124-8 
 
 1300 
 
 6-32 
 
 19-8 
 
 75-4 
 
 H 
 
 1-67 
 
 75-0 
 
 141-2 
 
 1400 
 
 6-00 
 
 20-8 
 
 76-6 
 
 11 
 
 1-41 
 
 88-8 
 
 167-6 
 
 1500 
 
 5-71 
 
 21-9 
 
 77-9 
 
 If 
 
 1-22 
 
 102-5 
 
 174-0 
 
 1GOO 
 
 5-45 
 
 22-9 
 
 79-1 
 
 2 
 
 1-08 
 
 ! 116-3 
 
 190-4 
 
 1700 
 
 5-22 
 
 24-0 
 
 80-4 
 
 2* 
 
 962 
 
 ! 130-0 
 
 206-8 
 
 What is called "loose rock " will cost about 30 cts. per yard less 
 than the prices in the last two tables ; and even solid rock will average 
 about 10 cts. per yard less than the tabular prices, at the foregoing 
 rates of labor ; the difference in both cases being in the item of loosen- 
 ing alone. 
 
71 
 
 ARTICLE 16. 
 
 REMOVING ROCK 
 level track. Calculations based upon the following assumptions. Trains 
 of 10 cars, each car containing 1 cubic yard of rock measured in place. 
 Average speed of trains, including starting and stopping, but not 
 standing, 10 miles per hour = 5 miles of lead per hour. Labor SI 
 per day ofjp working hours. Loosening, 45 cts. per cubkTyard in 
 place. fcoading, 8 cts. per cubic yard in place. Cost of track, for 
 interest and repairs, $3 per day per mile of lead. The calculations 
 are the same, in principle, as those in Art. 13. 
 
 HARD ROCK, BY CARS AND LOCOMOTIVE. 
 
 Labor $1 per day of 10 working hours. 
 
 Length of lead, or distance to which the rock 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 . 
 
 10 
 
 Number of cubic yards, in place, hauled per 
 day by each train 
 
 2900 
 
 1300 
 
 800 
 
 600 
 
 400 
 
 Cost, per cubic yard in place, for hauling, 
 dumping and returning cents 
 
 6 
 
 1 7 
 
 35 
 
 57 
 
 108 
 
 Total cost, per cubic yard in place, exclusive 
 
 53.6 
 
 64.7 
 
 565 
 
 58.7 
 
 63.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW 
 
 AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS 
 
 WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN 
 THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY 
 WILL INCREASE TO 5O CENTS ON THE FOURTH 
 DAY AND TO $I.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY 
 OVERDUE. 
 
 NQV 29 1937 
 
 1943 
 
 Mi 
 
 LD 21-95w-7,'37