yC-NRLF B 3 qS2 7TS IN THE PHILIPPINES FRED LOCKLEY RARE WESTERN BOOKS 4227 S F eru, City of Puebla, and City of Rio de Janeiro, begins at Manila. Aug. 25, 1898 — First division, Eighth Army Corps, organized, Brigadier General T. M. Anderson, commanding. Aug. 28, 1898— General Merritt assumes duties as military governor and transfers com- mand of the Eighth Army Corps to Major General E. S. Otis, U. S. V. Brigadier General Arthur MacArthur relieves General Anderson in com- mand of Second Division. Disembarkation of Light Battery, Sixth U. S. Artillery, six troops Fourth LT. S. Cavalry, First Montana and First South Dakota, Volunteer Infantry from transports Peru, Pennsylvania, and City of Rio de Janeiro, begins at Cavite. Aug. 29, 1898— Major General E. S. Otis, U. S. V., reUeves Major General Wesley Merritt. U. S. A , in command of the Department of the Pacific and as military governor of the Philippine Islands. Aug. 30, 1898— Brigadier General H. G. Otis, U. S. V., assigned to command of First Bri- gade, First Division. Sept. 2, 1898— First Battalion First South Dakota Volunteer Infantry disembarks at Manila. Sept. 8, 1898- General Otis demands the withdrawal of insurgent forces from the entire city of Manila, its suburbs and defenses. Sept. 13, 1898— Commission appointed by Aguinaldo confers with General Otis in regard to his demand of September 8, 1898. Sept. 15, 1898- Insurgents withdraw from limits of the city of Manila, as established by General Otis, with the exception of the districts of Paco and Pandacan, south ot the Pasig River. Oct. 7, 1898— Civil courts as constituted by the laws of Spain are allowed to resume their jurisdiction and regular functions, subject to supervision of the military government in its policy of occupation. Oct. 9, 1898— General Anderson and staflf" while proceeding up the Pasig River in a steam launch are ordered to return to the city by Filipino guard. Oct. 10, 1898- General Otis makes formal demand for the retirement of Filipino forces from Paco, Pandacan, and other points established by survey to be within the city limits. Oct. 14, 1898— Eighth Army Corps reorganized. Oct. 17, 1898 -Transport Senator sails for Manila with a battalion of Twenty-third U. S' Infantry, battery of California Volunteer Artillery, and detachment of recruits for Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, under command of Major G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third U. S. Infantry. Oct. 19, 1898— Transport Valencia sails for Manila with Companies F, G, I, and L, First Washington Volunteer Infantry, and detachment of battalion California Artillery, under command of Lieutenant Colonel W. J. Fife, First Wash- ington Volunteer Infantry. 4 SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. Oct. 25, 1898— Filipino forces retire from points indicated by General Otis in his demand of October 10th. Oct. 27, 1898— Transport Indiana sails for Manila with headquarters and band, Compa- nies C, D, E, G, H, I, K, and M, Twentieth Kansas Volunteer Infantry under command of Colonel F. Fnnston, Twentieth Kansas Volunteer Infantry. Oct. 28, 1898— Transport Ohio sails for Manila with Companies A, B, C, D, E, H, K, and M, First Washington Volunteer Infantry, and detachment California Artillery, under command of Colonel J. H. Wholley, First Washington Volunteer Infantry. Oct. 30, 1898— Transport Zealandia sails for Manila with the headquarters, Companies A, B, C, E, F, L, and M, First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, under com- mand of Colonel W. C. Smith, First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry. Nov. 3, 1898— Transport Pemixylvania sails for Manila with the Fifty-tlrst Iowa Volun- teer Infantry, under command of Colonel J. C- I^oper, Fifty-flrst Iowa Volunteer Infantry. Nov. 6, 1898— Transport City of Pueblo sails for Manila with Companies D, G, H, I, and K, First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, detachment California Artillery, and First Troop Nevada Volunteer Cavalry, under command of Lieuten- ant Colonel Gracey Childers, First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry. Nov. 9, 1898— Transport Newport sails for Manila with Companies A, B, F, and L, Twen- tieth Kansas, and Wyoming Battery, under command of Brigadier Gen- eral M. P. Miller, U. S. V. Nov. 10, 1898— Transport Arizona sails from Honolulu, H. I., for Manila, with battalion of Eighteenth U. S. Infantry, recruits for First Nebraska, Tenth Penn- sylvania, and First Colorado Volunteer Infantry, and a detachmentof Hospital Corps men. Nov. 21, 1898— Expedition under command of Major G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco October 17, 1894. Nov. 22, 1898— Expedition under command of Lieutenant Colonel W. J. Fife, First Wash- ington Volunteer Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco Octo- ber 19. 1898. Nov. 24, 1898— Expedition under command of Major G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, disembarks. Arrived at Manila November 21, 1898. Expedi- tion under command of Lieutenant Colonel W. J. Fife, First Washington Volunteer Infantry, disembarks. Arrived November 22, 1898. Nov. 25, 1898— Transport Arizona arrives at Manila from Honolulu with battalion of Eighteenth U. S. Infantry and detachment of recruits and Hospital Corps men. Sailed November 10, 1898. Nov. 26, 1898— Expedition under command of Colonel J. H. Wholley, First Washington Volunteer Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco October 28, 1898. Detachment of California Heavy Artillery disembarks at Manila. Nov. 28, 1898— Expedition under command of Colonel W. C. Smith, First Tennessee Vol- unteer Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco October 30, 1898. Nov. 30. 1898— Expedition under command of Colonel F. Funston, Twentieth Kansas Volunteer Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco October 27, 1898. Nov. 30, 1898— Troops on transport Arizona arrived November 25th, disembark and join regiments. Companies A and B, Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infan- try, assigned to duty at Corregidor Island. Dec. 5, 1898— Troops of First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, arriving on transport Zeor landia November 28, 1898, disembark and are assigned to duty with the provost guard. Dec. 6, 1898— Expedition under command of Lieutenant Colonel Gracey Childers, First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco November 6, 1898. First Washington Volunteer Infantry disembarks from transports Valencia and Ohio, V -I; ■^ >i ih-kifli^^ty i '^ ^:: > ^ ..-tp Tilt IP iJlJi- SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. O Dec. 7, 1898— Expeditions under command of Brigadier General M. P. Miller and Colonel J. C. Loper arrive at Manila. Sailed from San Francisco November 9th and 3d, respectively. Dec. 9, 1898— Troops of Twentieth Kansas Volunteer Infantry, on transport Iniliami, arrived November 30. 1898. disembark. Dec. 10, 1898— Treaty of Peace signed at Paris between the United States and Spain. Light Battery, Wyoming Volunteer Artillery, and Troop A, Nevada Cavalry, disembark from transports Newport and City of Puebla, respectively, and join garrison at Cavite. Dec. 11, 1898— Battalion of Twentieth Kansas Volunteer Infantry, arriving on transport Ne^vport December 7, 1898, disembark and join regiment. Detachment of California Heavy Artillery disembarks from transport City of Puebla and joins garrison at Cavite. Dec. 13, 1898— General Otis receives a petition signed by business men and firms on Iloilo asking for American occupation and protection. Troops of First Ten- nessee Volunteer Infantry, arriving on transport City of Puebla Decem- ber 6, 1898, disembark and join regiment on provost duty. Dec. 15, 1898- Astor Battery sails from Manila en route to San Francisco, California. Dec. 23, 1898— President orders the relief of the Spanish garrison at Iloilo by United States forces. Dec. 24, 1898— Spanish garrison at Iloilo evacuate the city and insurgents take possession. First separate brigade organized under command of Brigadier General M. P. Miller and ordered to proceed to Iloilo. Dec. 2(i, 1898— Expedition sails for Iloilo from Manila. Dec. 28, 1898— Expeditionary forces arrive in harbor at Iloilo and open communication with the insurgents in possession of the city with a view to its occupa- tion by United States forces. Dec. 29, 1898— Insurgents ask for time to receive instructions from revolutionary govern- ment as to the occupation of Iloilo. Dec. 30, 1898— Insurgent leaders at Iloilo refuse consent to the landing of United States troops at that place. Dec. 31, 1898— Merchants and foreign residents petition General Miller to postpone land- ing of troops and avoid firing of the city by the insurgents in occupation. Jan. 19, 1899— Transport Grant sails from New York for Manila with the Fourth U. S. Infantry and Companies B, G, I, and M, Seventeenth U. S. Infantry, under command of Major General H. W. Lawton, U. S. V. Jan. 22, 1899— Company I, First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, under command of Cap. tain Givens, escorts a battalion of Spanish prisoners to the southern islands of the Archipelago. Jan. 26, 1899— Transports Scandia and Morgan City sail for Manila with Twentieth U. S. Infantry, under command of Brigadier General Loyd Wheaton, U. S. V. Jan. 29, 1899— Expedition under command of Captain N. N. Givens left Manila January 22, 1899, on escort duty, returns to station. Fifty-first Iowa Volunteer Infantry leaves Iloilo for Cavite in order that troops may land for exercise. Jan. 31, 1899— Transport Pennsylvania arrives at Manila. Feb. 1, 1899— Transports Ohio and Senator sail for Manila with the Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, under command of Colonel H. C. Egbert, Twenty-second U. S. Infantry. Feb. 2, 1899— Astor Battery mustered out at New York City. Feb. 3, 1899— Transport Sherman sails from New York for Manila with Third U. S. In- fantry, and Companies D, H, K, and L, Seventeenth U. S. Infantry, under command of Colonel J. H. Page, Third U. S. Infantry. Feb. 4, 1899— Picket line opposite San Juan del Monte fired on by insurgents, and a general engagement is precipitated. Street disturbances in the city of Manila controlled by provost guard. Attack upon United States troops at Manila by insurgent forces under Aguinaldo. b SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. Feb. 5, 1899— Advance made against insurgent lines results in their retreat to positions beyond the foothills, and the capture of Santa, Ana, San Pedro Macati, Pasig, and other villages in the immediate vicinity of the city of Manila. Provost patrol disperses a party of armed natives within the city. Feb. 6, 1899— Earthworks and blockhouses constructed and occupied by insurgents, and the city water work.s, on the Marlquina River, east of Deposito, captured. Feb. 7, 1899— Sharp and decisive skirmishes on the Mariquina Road. Feb. 8, 1899— General Miller directed to take the city of Iloilo. Feb. 10, 1899— A general advance is made on the enemy's position in and about Caloocan. First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry arrives in the harbor of Iloilo. Feb. 11, 1899— City of Iloilo is fired and abandoned by the insurgents, being immediately occupied by the United States forces. Feb. 1-2, 1899- Line of First Separate Brigade extended toward Jaro and Molo, driving the insurgents before it. Feb. 13, 1899— Eighteenth U. S. Infantry encounters insurgents at the main bridge over the Jaro River. Feb. 14, 1899— A detachment ofoOO insurgents is defeated in the vicinity of Santa Barbara. Feb. 15, 1899— United States troops occupy Molo. Feb. 19, 1899— United States troops occupy Ar^velo. Transport5'/*erid«?i .sails from New York for Manila with the Twelfth U. S. Infantry and headquarters and Companies A, C, E, and F, Seventh U. S. Infantry. Feb. 20, 1899— East Paco is fired by incendiaries. Feb. 22, 1899— Incendiary fires in the city of Manila. Feb. 23, 1899— Insurgent outbreak in the Tondo district. Tenth Pennsylvania and First South Dakota Volunteer Infantry engaged by the enemy. Twentieth U. S. Infantry arrives at Manila and is assigned to provost duty in the city. Feb. 24, 1899— First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry defeats a party of insurgents north of the Mariquina Road. Feb. 2-5, 1899— Minor engagements in the vicinity of Mandurriao, in which insurgents are driven off. Mar. 1, 1S99— Insurgents make an attack in force on outposts of First and Second Bat- talions, Eighteenth U. S. Infantry, at Iloilo, Island of Panay. Insurgents shelled from trenches by Battery G, Sixth U. S. Artillery, and attacked and routed by the Eighteenth U. S. Infantry. Visayan military district established. Mar. 2, 1899— Congress authorizes the enlistment of 35,000 volunteers and increase of the regular army to 6.5,000 men. Mar. 3, 1899— Tennessee Volunteer Infantry and Light Battery G, Sixth U. S. Artillery, makes a reconnoissance on the Savannah, southeast of La Paz. Mar. 4, 1899— Transport Senator, with portion of Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, arrives at Manila. Sailed from San Francisco February 1, 1899. Mar. 5, 1899— Transport Ohio, with portion of Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, arrives at Manila. Sailed from San Francisco February 1, 1899. Insurgents in- trenched across Marquina Road, northeast of Deposito, are routed and driven off. Cable communication with Iloilo established. Mar. 6, 1899— First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry engages the enemy on the north and south of pumping station on the Mariquina Road, driving them off". Mar. 7, 1899— Entire district lying between the Pasig River, the Mariquina River, and the Deposito pumping-station road, is cleared of insurgent forces. Mar. 8, 1899— The Twelfth U. S. Infantry, en route to Manila, lands at Malta and is re- ceived with courtesies by the British garrison at that point. Mar. 10, 1899— Expedition under command of Major General H. W. Lawton arrives at Sailed from New York via Suez Canal. SUMMARY OF I'RTNCtPAL EVENTS. 7 Mar. 11, 1899— A provisional brigade for temporary service, composed of thfi Twentieth and Twenty-second U. S. Infantry ; Companies C, D, E, G, H, K, L, and M. First Washington Volunteer Infantry ; Companies A, B, D, E, 1, L, and M, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry ; Troops E, I, and K, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, and one section of Light Battery D, Sixth U. S. Artillery, under command of Major General H. W. Lawton, engage the Insurgents at Guadaloupe, Pasig, Pateros, and Cayenta, March 11th to 17th. Mar. 16, 1899— First Separate Brigade engages the insurgents at the Jaro bridge and at Mandurriao. Two companies of the First Colorado Volunteer Infantry attack body of insurgents retreating from Caintaand drive them through the town of Mariquina. Mar. 17, 1899— General H. W. Lawton relieves General T. M. Anderson in command of the First Division. Mar. 21, 1899-Companies F, G, L, and M, First California Volunteer Infantry, sail from Manila cii route to Bacolod, Island of Negros. Mar. 22, 1S99— Expedition under command of Colonel J. H. Page, Third U. S. Infantry, arrives at Manila. Sailed from New York February 3, 1899, via Suez Canal. Mar. 21, 1899— Transport City of Pueblo sails for Manila with headquarters and Companies A, F, G, I, L, and M, Ninth U. S. Infantry, under command of Captain James Regan, Ninth U. S. Infantry. Mar. 25, 1899— General engagement at Caloocan participated in by Twenty-second U.S. Infantry, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, and the Second Battalion Third U. S. Infantry ; enemy driven across the river in front of Malinta. Mar. 2(), 1899— Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry cross the Tuliahan River east of Mala- bon and drive the insurgents by successive charges from trenches occu- pied by them along the line of road leading to Bulacan. Twenty-second U. S. Infantry captures Malinta under heavy insurgent fire. Mar. 27, 1899— Brigadier General M. P. Miller retires and is succeeded in command of the Visayan military district by Colonel Van Valzah, U. S. A. Mar. 28, 1899— Transport Zealandia sails for Manila with six companies of the Ninth U. S. Infantry, under command of Captain C. M. Rockefeller, Ninth U. S. Infantry. Mar. 31, 1899— The insurgent capital at Malolos stormed and occupied by United States troops. Battalion Twenty-third Infantry engages insurgents about four miles from Marquina. April 8, 1899— Expedition comprising Troops C, G, and L, Fourth Cavalry ; Companies A, C, D, E, G, I, K, and L, Fourteenth U. S. Infantry ; Companies A, C, D, and F, First Idaho Volunteer Infantry ; Companies C, D, I, and K, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry; two mountain guns from the Separate Mountain Battery, and four companies of sharpshooters con- centrate at San Pedro Macati and embark on cascoes up the Pasig River for Laguna de Bay. April 9, 1899— Attack on and occupation of the city of Santa Cruz by the Laguna de Bay expedition. April 10, 1899— Towns of Pagsanjan, Longos, and Paete occupied by the expeditionary forces. April 12, 1899— Treaty of Peace signed by the President. April 13, 1899— Outposts at Malolos attacked by insurgents, who are driven off". April 14, 1899— Expedition under command of Lieutenant Colonel J. H. Smith, Twelfth U. S. Infantry, arrives at Manila. Sailed from New York via Suez Canal February 19, 1899. April 15, 1899— Engagement with insurgents near Quingua. April 17, 1899— Expeditionary forces return to San Pedro Macati. April 18, 1899— Transport Hancock sails for Manila with Tvventy-flrst U. S. Infantry and Light Battery E, First U. S. Artillery, under command of Colonel J. Kline, Twenty-first U. S. Infantry. » SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. April 20, 1899— Transport Newport, sails for Manila with Light Battery F, Fourth, and Light Battery F, Fifth U. S. Artillery, under command of Major J. L. Tiernon, First U. S. Artillery. Transport Warren sails for Manila with headquarters and eight batteries of the Sixth U. S. Artillery and detach- ment of recruits, under command of Brigadier General E. B. Williston. April 21, 1899— First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry ; Twenty-second U. S. Infantry ; Companies A, C, F, G, K, L, and M, Third U. S. Infantry; Troops C, G, and L, Fourth U. S. Cavalry ; Hawthorne's Separate Mountain Battery ; Second Platoon Light Artillery D, Sixth U. S. Artillery ; section of Utah Light Artillery, and detachment Nineteenth Company Volunteer Signal Corps, concentrate at La Loma church and move northward. April 22, 1899— Troops of the northern expedition successfully assault and occupy the city of Novaliches. April 213, 1899— Expedition under command of Captain James Regan, Ninth U. S. In- fantry, arrives at Manila. Sailed from San Francisco March 24, 1899. April 24, 1899— San Jos6 occupied by the main column of the northern expedition, and the city of Norzagaray is assaulted and captured by the Bocaue column of the expedition. Troops of the Second Division force passage of the Quingua River and advance on Pulilan. April a"), 1899— The main column of the northern expedition joins the Bocaue column at Norzagaray. April 25, 1899— Troops of the Second Division advance along the north bank of the Quingua River toward Calumpit, where they ford the Calumpit River and clear the town of insurgents. First Montana Volunteer Infantry and Twen- tieth Kansas Volunteer Infantry move against insurgents on Bagbag River, and capture their position on the banks of that river. April 26, 1899— The northern expedition encamps at Angat and ?.Iarunco. April 27, 1899— Expedition under command of Captain C. M. Rockefeller, Ninth U. S. In- fantry, arrive at Manila. Sailed from San Francisco March 28, 1899. April 28, 1899— Transport Ohio sails for Manila with six companies of Thirteenth U. S. Infantry, under command of Captain J. H. H. Peshine, Thirteenth U. S. Infantry. Transport Senator sails for Manila with headquarters and six companies Thirteenth Infantry, under command of Colonel A. T. Smith, Thirteenth U. S. Infantry. Troops of the Second Division force the pas- sage of the Calumpit River and defeat the insurgent forces under the personal command of General Luna. April 29, 1899— The northern expedition moves along both banks of the Rio Grande de la Bulacan, and after engaging the enemy and driving them down the river, take the town of Sau Rafael and then return to Angat. May 3, 1899— Brigadier General J. F. Smith assumes command of the Visayan military district. May 4, 1899— A brigade of the northern expedition engages the insurgents near Maasin and occupies that town. Sharp engagements at the Santo Tomas River. May 7, 1899— River gunboats, under command of Captain Grant, Utah Volunteer Artil- lery, shell insurgents from their trenches along the Guagua River. May 10, 1899— Gunboats engage the enemy at San Luis. May 11, 1899— Insurgents driven out of San Udefonso. May 13, 1899— Commissioners from the insurgents ask for conference with General Law- ton at Baliuag. Northern expedition takes the city of San Miguel de Mayumo. May 15, 1899— General Lawton routes the enemy near San Isidro and marches from thence to San Miguel. May 16, 1899— San Isidro, the third city occupied by the insurgents as a capital, is seized by forces under General Lawton. May 17, 1899— Aguinalda and hi.s revolutionary government retire to Cabanatuan. May 19, 1899— Spanish garrison at Jolo relieved by United States troops. G^;i;I^4QaE4'l^l^'' T^tl^l. ft I. , r ^- ^^ ^'"t-^^^^W'-'^^ / ^ /■ j^ ..j.ii.Jfi ■ ^ t CiV^ t^- SUMMARY OF PRTNCTPAL EVENTS. \) May 22, \ii99— Transport Sherman sailsfor iManila with Sixth U.S. Infantry and recruits, under command of Brigadier General J. C. Bates. May ;J4, 1899— Insurgents engaged in harassing outposts at San Fernando are driven off with heavy loss. May 27, 1899— Northern expedition returns to Manila. May 30, 1899— Transport Grant sails for Manila with Sixteenth U. S. Infantry and re- cruits, under command of Uieutenant Colonel W. F. Spurgin, Sixteenth U. S. Infantry. A detachment Twenty-third U. S. Infantry engages and defeats outlaw band on the Island of Negros. June 3, 1899— Advance is made upon Antipolo against insurgent forces under General Pilar. June 4, 1899— Brigadier General R. P. Hughes assumes command of the Visayan mili- tary district June 5, 1899— Morong occupied by United States troops after a decisive engagement. June 10, 1899— Generals Ovenshine and Wheaton's columns defeat insurgents at Par- afiaque and Las Piiias. June 13, 1899— Insurgents intrenched along the Zapote in the vicinity of Las Piiias and defeated with considerable loss. June U, 1S99— Transports OJrio and Newport sail from Manila with Second Oregon Vol- unteer Infantry, under command of Colonel Owen Summers. June 15, 1899— Imus voluntarily surrenders to General Lawton and invites occupation of the city by his command June 16, 1899— Town of San Nicolas occupied by United States troops. Demonstration made against San Fernando by the insurgents. June 19, 1899— Insurgents ambush reconnoitering party on the Dasmarinas Road and are routed by the main column. June 22, 1899— Transport Zealandia sails for Manila with Companies C, E, G, and I, Twenty-fourth U. S. Infantry, under command of Major J. M. Thomp- son, Twenty-fourth U. S. Infantry. June 24, 1899— Transport ASTiw-tdffH sails for Manila with Troops A and F, Fourth U. S. Cavalry ; Companies B and H, Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, and detach- ment of recruits, under command of Brigadier General S. B. M. Young. June 2(i, 1899— Town of El Pardo occupied by United States troops. June 28, 1899— Transport Valencia sails for Manila with headquarters and Troops B and M, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, and Companies E and H, Twenty-fifth U. S. Infantry, under command of Major Charles Morton, Fourth U. S. Cav- alry. July 1, 1899— Transport Pennsylvania sails for Manila with headquarters and six com- panies Twenty-fifth U. S. Infantry, under command of Colonel A. S. Burt, Twenty-fifth U. S. Infantry. Transport Hancock sails from Manila with First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry and Batteries A and B, Utah Volunteer Artillery, under command of Colonel H. B. Mulford. Trans- port Senator sails from Manila with Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteer In- fantry, under command of Lieutenant Colonel J. E. Barnett. Mayors for the cities of Paraiiaque, Las Piiias, Bacoor, and Imus elected by na- tives under military protection. July 2, 1899— Transport Sherman arrives at Bacolod with Sixth U. S. Infantry. July 5, 1899— The President authorizes organization of ten volunteer regiments author- ized under act of March 2, 1899 (Twenty-sixth to Thirtj^-flfth, inclusive). July 11, 1899— Transport Connemaugh sails for Manila with detachment of Fourth U. S. Cavalry and 275 horses, under command of First Lieutenant E. B. Winans, Jr., Fourth U. S. Cavalry. July 18, 1899— Transport Cfity of Para sails for Manila with Troops D and H, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, headquarters, and Companies A, F, H, and K, Twenty-fourth U. S. Infantry, and Company B, Engineer Battalion, under command of Brigadier General Theodore Schwan, U. S. V. 10 SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. July 17, 1899— Transport Warren sails for Manila with First Colorado Volunteer In- fantry, under command of Colonel H. B. McCoy. July 18, 1899— President authorizes organization of two additional regiments of volun- teers (Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh), to be recruited in the Philippine Islands. July 19, 1899— Captain B. A. Byrne and Lieutenant Ncsbitt, with a force of 70 men, sur- prised a superior force of the enemy, and in a hand-to-hand engagement killed 150 insurgents, with a loss of 1 killed and 1 wounded. July 20, 1899— Detachment of Sixth U. S. Infantry defeats a robber band near Tolon. July 22, 1899— Civil government established at Negros. July 24, 1899— Company K, Twenty-third Infantry, defeats insurgents in the Acan Val- ley, Cebu. July 25, 1899— Transport Tartar sails for Manila with headquarters and Companies B, D, F, G, H, I, K, and M, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, under command of Colonel S. Snyder, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry. July 26, 1899— Transport Ohio sails for Manila with two companies Nineteenth U. S. In- fantry and detachment of recruits, under command of Major O. J. Sweet, Twenty-third U. S. Infantry. Transport Newport sails for Manila with two companies Nineteenth L'. S. Infantry and detachment of re- cruits, under command of Captain F. H. French, Nineteenth U. S. In- fauti-y. Transport Tacoma sails for Manila with detachment of Fourth U. S. Cavalry and 200 horses, under command of Captain G. O. Cress, Fourth U. S. Cavalry. Transport Sheridan sails from Manila with First California Volunteer Infantry and Batteries A and D, California Volun- teer Light Artillery, under command of Colonel V. D. Duboce. Calamba captured after a sharp skirmish. July 28, 1899— Detachment Sixth Infantry encounters insurgent force near Valdez, in the Visayan district. July 29, 1899— Company L, Twenty-third Infantry, takes station at Kolo, P. I. July 31, 1899— Transport Grant sails from Manila with First Wyoming Volunteer Infan- try, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry, First Idaho Volunteer Infantry, and Wyoming Battei-y Volunteer Light Artillery, under com- mand of Lieutenant Colonel M. C. Trenmann. Los Bafios occupied by United States troops. Aug. 2, 1899— Transport Indiana sails for Manila with detachment of recruits and casuals, under command of Colonel C. C. Hood, Sixteenth U. S. Infantry, Company H, Twenty-flrst Infantry, and platoon of Battery E, First U. S. Artillery, proceed in cascoes from Calamba to Los Bafios. Insui-gents make feint on Calamba during night. Aug. 7, 1899— Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry mustered out in San Francisco, Cali- fornia. SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 11 SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS CONNECTED WITH THE OPERATIONS OF THE SECOND OREGON VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Prepared by Capt. W. S. Gilbert, Regimental Chaplain and Historian. Apr. 25, 1898— The President made a call upon the Governor of Oregon for a regiment of volunteers. Apr. 30, 1898— Officers, Second Regiment, Oregon United States Volunteers, appointed by Governor Lord. May 7, 1898— Field, staff", and noncommissioned staff" mustered in. May 9, 1898— Company A mustered in. May 10, 1898— Companies B, C, and D mustered in. May 12, 1898— Company E mustered in. May 13, 1898— Companies F, G, and H mustered in. May 14, 1898— Companies I and K mustered in. May 15, 189S— Companies L and M mustered in. May 11, 1898— At 6:15 p. m. Companies A, B, C, and D, under command of Major Ganten- bein, left for San Francisco, arriving May 13th, at 7 a. m. May IG, 1898- The remaining eight companies, under command of Colonel Summers, boarded train at 8 p. m. for San Francisco, arriving May 18th, at 2 p. m. May 21, 1898- Regiment marched to docks at 8 a. m.; Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, and L, under Colonel Summers, embarked on United States transport Australia: Companies F, I, and M, under Major Eastwick, on the United States transport City of Sydney: anchored in bay at 5:30 p. m. May 25, IS9S— Australia, City of Sydney, and Peking weighed anchor at 4 P. M. with the first expedition to leave the United States for war in a foreign country. May 30, 1898— Memorial services. June 1, 1898— Arrived at Honolulu at 7 p. m. June 4, 1898— Sailed from Honolulu at 9:45 A. m. convoyed by United States cruiser Charleston. June 5, 1898— Changed direction, and headed for Ladrone Islands in accordance with sealed orders. June 10, 1898— Crossed the one hundred and eightieth meridian at 3:10 a. m. June 20, 1898— Arrived at Guam at 7:20 a. m.; entered port of San Luis d'Apra. June 21, 1898— At 10:30 A. m. Companies A and D disembarked to efl"ect surrender of the islands. At 6 P. M. Elias Hutchinson, Company M, buried at sea from United States transport City of Sydney. At 0:30 p. m. Senor Jose Marina y Vega, Governor of Guam, with four officers and flfty-four enlisted men, taken as prisioners on board City of Sydney. June 22, 1898— Left port at 2 p. m. June 28, 1898— Sighted Luzon at 10 a. m.; met by United States cvuiser Baltimore at 4 p. m. June 30, 1898— Anchored in Manila Bay, ott"Cavite, at 5 p. m. July 1, 1898— Nine companies on Australia landed ; first military force to land in Philip- pines. July 2, 1898— Companies F, I, and M landed. Aug. 12, 1898— Ordered to Manila. Aug. 13, 1898— At 7:30 A. M., headquarters, band, First and Second Battalions, left Cavite on steamer Kwonchoi for Manila ; Company F embarked on steamer Zafiro as bodyguard to Major General Merrltt; Oregon troops disem- barked at Manila at 4 p. m., being first to enter Walled City ; received surrender of Spanish army of 13,000 officers and men ; troops quartered in palace. 12 SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. Aug. 14, 1898— At 5:30 A. Ji. removed toCuartel de Espana ; Company F in palace as palace guard; Colonel Summers, acting provost marshal of Manila; Major Gantenbeiu in command of regiment. Aug. 22, 1899— Companies C, I, and M arrived from Cavite. Nov. 24, 1898— Detachment of recruits from San Francisco reported for duty. Dec. 1, 1898— Company H detailed on special duty at customhouse. Jan. 3, 1899— Company B stationed at Cuartel Arroceros. Major General Otis' proclama- tion to Filipinos. Jan. 9, 1899— Order holding all troops in quarters. Jan. 11, 1899— Call to arms at 2:30 p. m.; regiment began to leave curatel in seven minutes from time of call. Feb. 1, 1899— Company B reported back for duty. Feb. 4, 1899— Battle of Manila commenced at 8:30 p. m. and continued until 5 o'clock the next morning. Feb. 5, 1899— Advance all along the line ; insurgents driven from their trenches. Com- panies C, G, and K, Major Eastwick, and Companies D and L, Major Gantenbein, ordered to Paco. Company D captured 49 insurgents. Company A stationed at Malate Bridge. Feb. 6, 1899— Water works captured. Companies C, G, and K, Major Eastwick, left for the front at 1:25 p. ji., ordered to San Juan del Monte. Feb. 15, 1899— Company A captured 103 prisoners in Binondo. Feb. 18, 1899— Companies E, I, and M, Major Willis, ordered to Paco at 9 p. m. Feb. 22, 1899— Companies H, I, and L, Major Gantenbein, engaged all night in Tondo during insurgent attempt to burn Manila. Feb. 23, 1899— Companies E and M, Major Willis, with Companies C and M, Thirteenth Minnesota, engaged insurgents in Tondo district at 11 a. m., driving enemy seven miles to Caloocan. Engagement lasted until 5 p. m. Feb. 24, 1899— Third Battalion, Major Eastwick, engaged at San Juan del Monte from 3:20 P. M. to 7 P. M. Mar. 5, 1899— Company C engaged on Mariquina Road, Company K engaged near San Juan del Monte. Mar. 6, 1899— Company G and Hotchkiss Battery, Lieutenant Murphy, with Company K engaged insurgents on Mariquina Road for eight hours. Mar. 7, 1899— Companies G and K engaged enemy near Mariquina and dispersed them. Burned the town. Mar. 10, 1899— First and Second Battalions ordered to join General Wheaton's flying column for the Pasig campaign. Mar. 12, 1899— Marched from Manila to San Pedro de Macati at 3:15 p. m. Mar. 13, 1899— Advanced upon Guadaloupe at 5 A. m. with Fourth Cavalry, Twentieth and Twenty-second Infantry, and First Washington; enemy repulsed; camped at Malapai-na-Bato. Mar. 14, 1899— Companies E and I, Major Willis, crossed river and engaged enemy oppo- site Pasig, returning at 3 p. m.; Companies B, D, and L, Major Ganten- bein, engaged all day from bluff overlooking Pasig. Mar. 15, 1899— Companies D and M, Lieutenant Colonel Yoran, advanced with wagon train two miles; Companies E and I, Major Willis, crossed river again and engaged enemy opposite Pasig, a mile in advance of former position ; First Battalion still engaged from bluff near Pasig. Mar. 17, 1899— Treaty signed by Queen Regent of Spain. Mar. 18, 1899— Company D sent to relief of company of Washington regiment at Taguig ; town captured and burned. Mar. 19, 1899— First and Second Battalions, except Company M, under command of Colonel Summers, with Tsventy-second Infantry and First Washington, engaged in battle of Laguna de Bay ; forced march of twenty-five miles across country— hardest day's work In the Philippines ; insurgents routed and driven fifteen miles down the shore of the lake; Company A joined regiment. SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 13 Mar. 20, 1899— Regiment returned to Manila. Mar. 22, 1899— Company F relieved from duty at palace and joined regiment. Mar. 24, 1899— Marched to Caloocan at 7:30 A. M.; entered trenches at nightfall, relieving Twentieth Kansas. Mar. 25, 1899— Battle of Malabon ; left trenches at 8:30 A. m.; captured two lines of en- trenchments; drove enemy beyond Tuliahan River, opposite Tinajeros. Mar. 2G, 1899— Entered village of Sila ; advanced on Polo road at 11 a. m.; Prince Loewen- stein found mortally wounded within insurgents' lines; entered Manila at 4:30 r. m.; Companies A and M stationed at Caloocan until April 5th ; Company L at Tondo and Blockhouse No. 2 until April 4th ; Companies D and B at Malabon until April 6th, and Company F at Meycauayan. April 5, IS99— Companies A, L, and.M moved to Marilao. April 7, 1899— Companies D and E moved to Bocaue. April 11, 1899— At 3:30 A. M. enemy attacked Marilao and Bocaue camps. A miracle that troops were not annihilated. April 12, 1899— Nine companies under command of Colonel Summers, left Bocaue at 5:45 A. M. and entered Santa Maria at 8:10 ; town burned. April 16, 1899— Attack on outposts east of Malinta. April 18, 1899— Company C at Meycauayan. April 21, 1899— Provisional Brigade under Colonel Summers, encamped at 5:30 p. m.. Major Willis in command of regiment. April 23, 1899— Cavalry at 3:40 P. M. engaged enemy north of Santa Maria. Brigade en- gaged at 4:30 p. M., and advanced to hill at Norzagaray. April 24, 1899— Town captured at 7:30 A. M. April 25, 1899— Capture of Augat; town burned. April 26, 1899— Companies B, F, G, and K, Major Eastwick, made reconnoissance east of river. -Brigade entered Marunco at 10:45 a. m. Cloudburst. -Forded river and entered San Rafael at noon. Returned to Marunco. -Lieutenant Colonel in command of regiment left camp at noon. Forded river and engaged enemy at San Rafael at 1:45 p. m. Captured town at 6 p. m. -Captured iJaliuag at 1:15 p. m. 4, 1899— Maasin taken at noon. -Companies A, B, L, and I, Major Willis, advanced to reconnoiter. -Scouts, supported by two companies, attacked enemy on flank at San Ildefonso. Companies B, G, K, and F, Major Eastwick, occupied the town at 5 p. M. May 13, 1899— Entered San Ildefonso. Captured San Miguel at 4 p. m. Honor to the twenty-five scouts under Lieutenant Thornton. May 15, 1899— Left San Miguel at 3 p. m. Enemy engaged at Salacat at 5:15 p. m. May 16, 1899— Entered San Roque at 9:30 A. M.; scouts captured bridge and enemy's posi- tion at Balac. May 17, 1899— Captured San Isidro, entering town at 9:30 a.m.; Third Battalion, Major Eastwick, entered Gapan ; farthest north. May 20, 1899— Left San Isidro at 5 A. M.; engaged enemy near San Antonio ; entered the town at 9 A. M., and Cabaio at 4:10 p. m.; forded the Pampanga twice. May 21, 1899— Advanced at 5:30 A. M.; forded river. May 22, 1899— Entered Arayat at 5:30 A. M., and Pasig at 9 A. M.; telegram received at 9 A. M. ordering Oregon Regiment to Manila, preparatory to going home. May 23, 1899— Homeward bound ; camped for the night atSan Simeon ; joy inexpressible. May 24, 1899— Entered Calumpit at 9 a. m. May 25, 1899— Seven companies. Colonel Summers, left Calumpi^ on train for Manila at 10:30 A. M.; quartered in Cuartel de Espaiia; Company F detailed as Palace Guard. April '^, April 29, May 1, May '■^, May 4, May 5, May 12, 14 SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. May 27, 1899— Companies C, D, E, and M return to Manila and rejoin regiment. May 30, 1899— Graves decorated. May 31, 1899— Company H reported back to duty. June 2, 1899— Regiment ordered to the front at 7:25 p. m.; camped one mile west of pumping station. June 3, 1899— Broke camp at 4 a. m.; engaged theenemy in the foothills eastof pumping station and east of Taytay. June 5, 1899— Entered Morong. June 6, 1899— Embarked in cascoes at noon for Manila. June 12, 1899— Second Battalion embarked on transport Ohio. June 13, 1899— Headquarters and First Battalion embarked on transport Newpari : Third Battalion embarked on Ohio. June 14, 1899— Weighed anchor at 10:25 a. m. homeward bound. June 18, 1899— Arrived at Nagasaki, Japan, at 11 p. m. June 22, 1899— Left port 5 P. M., through the Inland Sea. July 2, 1899— Two Sundays one hundred and eightieth meridian. July 4, 1899— Celebration. July 13, 1899— Reached San Francisco. Aug. 7, 1899— Mustered out. OFFICIAL HISTORY OF THE OPERATIONS SECOND OREGON U. S. V. INFANTRY As Published in " Campaigning in the Philippines," by the HicKS-JuDD Co., San Francisco, California, W. D. B. DODSON, Who was Appointed by General Summers to Write this History and WAS Permitted to Use the Official Records of the Regiment in Compiling the Same. There came from no State of the great American Repnblic a more complete regiment than that sent out by Oregon for the nation's service in obedience to the call of President McKinley April 25, 1898. In personnel of officers and enlisted men, in clothing, in arms, in equipment, the Second Regiment, Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, had no superior among the gallant volunteer commands that took part in the Spanish-American War, or the harassing troubles incident to the acquisition of Spanish territory. In every part of the service the regiment was tried ; the heat of the crucible was intense, but never the verdict, "Found wanting." Patience is not the least virtue of the soldier ; in this quality the stout men from Oregon shone with conspicuous effect. Perseverance is inseparable from the military; Oregon's, perseverance was never questioned. Valor in the popular mind, is the sum and substance of the warrior, and is emphasized most of all requirements by the esoteric ; one day alone needs to be cited to establish beyond cavil or doubt that the sturdy sons from the Emerald State would never falter in the path of duty, and, in fact, possessed the American weakness of leaning toward brilliant recklessness. "I take off my hat to 16 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. the American volunteer," said the German Consul at Manila when he looked at the field of Malabon, charged over by the Second Oregon, Saturday, March 25, 1899. Citizen soldiers, skilled alike in the destructiveness of war and the arts of peace, havelongbeen the nation's pride. Fondly nurturing this system of national defense, even though against the much-feared standing armies of the Old World, America may have come to overestimate the availability of her forces for a sudden call. It could have been a mistake in time only, for all the world acknowledges the genius, devotion, and courage of the American spirit, which is so easily whipped into the approved fighting machine of military operations. However, there are volumes to be written on the success of America's plan, and these volumes will be simply the history of the Na- tional Guard organizations that were converted into the volun- teer army of 1898. THE OREGON NATIONAL GUARD. In Oregon the State National Guard consisted of the First Regiment, Oregon National Guard, located in Portland, seven companies ; the Second Regiment, Oregon National Guard, located in the Willamette Valley and Southern Oregon, eight companies ; Third Battalion, three companies, located in East- ern Oregon ; and three separate companies. Brigadier General Beebe commanded the brigade, His Excellency, William P. Lord, being Commander-in-Chief by virtue of his office as Governor. Each company had between forty-five and sixty members, the maximum being the more often pressed. Colonel Summers, of Portland, was at the head of the First Regiment, and Colonel Yoran, of Eugene, commanded the Second Regi- ment. A full staff trained in their military capacities, so far as drills and military encampments could accomplish, was under each colonel. Every officer of the Oregon National Guard, after being chosen in the usual manner, was subjected to a rigid examination to test his capacity for the position. The experience of all the officers in that capacity covered periods from one to sixteen years, and many of these, especially of the shorter terms, had arisen from the ranks. All had drilled the men of their commands in close and extended order, OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 17 and wherever it had been practicable, field officers had drilled in battalion and regimental formation. Who can say this school was valueless ? Who can say this mastery of military movements in peace was not as helpful in battle as the same degree of instruction would have been, had the proficiency been acquired as an object of life and under salary ? Garrison and the battlefield are two things. Dis- cipline in the former is a maze of red tape and technicalities, to which a man must offer his life if he would aspire to supe- riority ; discipline on the latter is rugged in its demands, and has but passing difficulties for the brave and ardent. Throughout a major portion of Oregon the militia was a popular institution. Owing to the intervening distances be- tween commands, competitive drills never became the incentive to military training that they did in the more populous com- monwealths. Yet a sense of duty and the social dignity of its supf)orters made the militia a much-sought means of recrea- tion and entertainment. Twenty-two campanies were already in prosperous condition, and in the territory of the Second Regiment alone five or six more could have been organized at any time the State saw fit to modify existing laws fixing the number of the militia. Young men of the best character filled the ranks, some of whom worked up to commissions. Weekly drills were well attended, notwithstanding the members of some of the country companies lived miles from the drill hall. All papers requisite in the organization were kept up to date, arms and equipments in good condition, armories orderly, and clothes uniform and neat. Without previous warning General Beebe called at Ashland one day about noon, with Colonel Yoran of the Second Regiment, to inspect Company D, Captain May. He asked the captain if his company would be ready by 7 p. M. that day, and was answered in the affirmative. A note to the first sergeant was all the work performed by the captain. A note from the former to each of his corporals was his part. A few notes and a few visits was the work of each cor- poral. Although some of the members of the company lived between one and fifteen miles from the city, all but one were ready in first-class condition by 7 p. m., and that one was met hurrying from his home to the city early next morning, a 2 18 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. distance of fifteen miles. He received notice late at night. Although without special preparation, the armory was found exact, clothes properly hung, equipments arranged, and pieces cleaned. This is an example of the faithfulness to duty of the Oregon National Guard. The large, fine armory of the First Regiment, in Portland, with its thoroughly military arrange- ments and care, always attracted the eye of the regular army officers. THE REGIMENT ORGANIZED. When the President issued his first call for volunteers to fight against Spain, and apportioned the number among the States, Oregon found that she had been granted the privilege of raising only one regiment. This forced upon the Governor an embarrassing duty — selection. Two regiments and a bat- talion were already organized, and each struggling to keep down the recruiting pace. Ex-members of the guard tried to get back, besides the hordes of untried men offering themselves in view of pending trouble. At the time the Governor issued the order for the guard to assemble in Portland, April 2oth, a company up to the war footing could have been brought from the locality of each already existing. A few hours after the order to assemble was issued by Colonel Summers, the seven companies of the First were in the armory, ready to march. Colonel Yoran issued in the morning the order for his regi- ment to assemble. By noon the companies were in their re- spective armories, fitted for their journey to Portland, and thence to the field. In the Oregon National Guard there was no room for selec- tion, so the Governor decided to consolidate the guard, as nearly as he could, into one regiment of the required number for war. Bitter disappointments were thus caused to some, but no charge of local favoritism could be made, and all ad- mitted that the policy adopted put into the new regiment the picked material of the entire guard. In consolidating two com- panies the senior captain was given the command, while the junior was given the first lieutenancy in the new company. The same rule applied in choosing the regimental commander, Colonel Summers being given first place and Colonel Yoran OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 19 the second. Lieutenant Colonel Gantenbein of the First Regi- ment was chosen senior major; Major Willis of the Second Regiment was chosen second major, and Major Eastwick of the First Regiment third major. Captain Ellis, surgeon of the Second Regiment, was chosen surgeon, his assistants being Colonel Cardwell and Major Whiting, both of Portland. Colonel Cardwell was surgeon general on the Governor's staff, with rank of colonel, previous to his appointment. Major Whit- ing was surgeon on General Beebe's staff. Captain Macrum of Portland, surgeon of the First Regiment, was first appointed assistant surgeon, but resigned. Captain Cardwell was pro- moted to tiie rank of major soon after arriving in Luzon, and was attached to the staff of Major General Anderson as chief surgeon of volunteers. Hospital Steward Brosius was the assistant surgeon of the Third Battalion, and was given rank of captain after reaching Manila, to fill the vacancy made by Captain Cardwell's promotion. Captain Gilbert of Eugene, chaplain of the Second Regi- ment, Oregon National Guard, was appointed chaplain of the volunteers. Captain Rutenic of Portland was appointed regi- mental adjutant, with rank of first lieutenant, but resigned, Lieutenant Crowe, adjutant of the first regiment, then being appointed to take the position. Lieutenant Knapp, quarter- master of the First Regiment, was appointed quartermaster of volunteers. H. A. Littlefield of Portland and J. A. Byars of Roseburg were appointed assistant stewards to Steward Brosius. James Rintoul, Jr., sergeant major of the First Regiment, was given the same position in the new regiment. Carl Ritter- spacher was made quartermaster sergeant, Charles Dillon, com- missary sergeant, G. A. Mueller, chief musician, and Henry Hockenyos and Samuel McGowan, principal musicians. Consolidation of companies was accomplished on no fixed principle. Separate companies and those of the Third Bat- talion and two regiments were put together according to the Governor's ideas of efficiency. Officers were selected from members or veterans of the Oregon National Guard. The com- mendable purpose of the Oregon officers was made manifest in the eagerness of several to accept commissions much inferior to their rank, and even in more than one case guard officers ex- 20 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. pressed the intention of enlisting should they not be chosen for commissions. Colonel Telfer, inspector general on the Governor's staff, resigned his position, asked to be recognized on the veteran list, accepted the captaincy of Company C, First Regiment, and, upon consolidation of that company, being junior captain, cheerfully took the first lieutenancy of Company L, into which his company merged. Captain Whiting re- signed from his position as surgeon on the general's staff, and had made arrangements to enlist in Company H, when he received the appointment as assistant surgeon of the new regiment. Hope for rank and liberal salary did not animate Oregon ; love for country was the motive for going to war. No troops were earlier to prepare for the field than Oregon's. Within a few hours after receiving the order, the entire bri- gade, save one company (separate Company K at Bandon), were in waiting. The First Regiment could have gone before the examining surgeon the day orders w^ere issued, and the troops from other portions of the State within periods ranging from two hours to that many days. General Beebe instructed Major Mitchell, quartermaster of his staff, to establish a camp at Irvington Park, in Portland, to be named "Camp McKinley," which, with the aid of Captain Case of Company I, First Regi- ment, and the Engineer Corps, under Lieutenant Povey, and the Signal Corps, under Lieutenant Humphrey, was completed April 29th. The First Regiment was held in the Portland Armory May 2d and 3d, under command of Major Eastwick. April 30th troops began to arrive from the Willamette Valley and Eastern Oregon, all being comfortably cared for at the camp, which had been placed under the command of Lieuten- ant Colonel Gantenbein, pending the official advent of Colonel Summers. By May 4th all were in camp ready for examina- tion. Captain Morris, assistant surgeon in the regular army, had been selected by the War Department for this work. From May 4th to May 16th the troops spent the time in camp, wait- ing and faithfully drilling, most of each day being devoted to drills and military instruction. May 3d the First Regiment joined the other troops in camp. May 5th Captain Morris ar- rived. A board of three officers was appointed by the Governor to aid him in examining the surgeon and assistant surgeons of FIELD, SECOND RECilMENT, ()lti:G( ..\ T. S. VoLUNTEKH INFANTRY. Lieut. Col. George O. Yoran. Maj. Percy Willis. Maj. C. U. Gantenbein. Maj. P. G. Kastwick. Jr OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 21 the new regiment, Dr. A. J. Giesy and Dr. A. S. Nichols being the members. Captain Kendall, Eighth U. S. Cavalry, was appointed by the War Department mnstering officer for Oregon. Captain Morris began the medical examination of troops May 7th and as soon as the medical board had passed on the merits of the applicants for positions as surgeon and assistant sur- geons, the successful aspirants came to his assistance. This work was completed May 15th and the last company to be mustered in, took the oath on that day. PREPARATION FOR DEPARTURE. Life at Camp McKinley, although filled with the bustle of preparatory work, was yet attended by that restless longing to get into the field which invariably possesses a new soldier. Drills in squad and companies were had twice a day, besides the frequent battalion and regimental drills had for instruc- tion of field officers. Governor Lord was a frequent visitor at the camp, and either in person or through Adjutant General Tuttle, gave potent assistance. The Governor held a farewell review a few days before the departure of the First Battalion to San Francisco, when he touchingly bade the soldiers remember the honor of their State and Nation in whatever adversity the fortunes of war might bring. General Beebe also reviewed the troops shortly prior to their departure, and expressed his con- fidence in the Oregon regiment. Camp life was made as pleas- ant as possible for the boys by hundreds of sympathetic friends. The Emergency Corps was organized by patriotic ladies to pro- vide for the exigencies of the regiment, and provide the soldiers with such necessaries as the Government did not supply. Mrs. Dr. Henry E. Jones was elected president, and Mrs. Fannie Lounsbury, secretary. The members of the corps organized themselves into as many committees as there were companies, each committee with a chairman who was ex officio member of the general executive committee. Through subscriptions and from other sources, the corps, afterwards known as the Red Cross Society, was able to furnish each company $100 in cash, besides a good sum for the hospital and countless useful arti- cles for every member of the regiment. After the command reached the Philippines, the society sent two nurses for its use, 22 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. namely, Miss Lena Killain and Miss Frances Wood. Three sums of money, aggregating something less than $1,000, were also remitted, and again, just before the final return, $500 more. THE REGIMENT MOVES TO SAN FRANCISCO. It being impracticable to send the entire regiment to San Francisco, the Pacific coast rendezvous for the Philippine troops, one battalion was started as soon as four companies had been sworn in, with Major Gantenbein in command. They arrived there May 13th. By May 16th the two remaining bat- talions and regimental headquarters were prepared for the start. To every member of the departing regiment there will always remain a vivid memory of the patriotic outpour of the loyal residents of Portland and the adjacent country on that occasion. Streets were crowded all along the line of march to the depot, and by the time that was reached, the mass of hu- manity occupied all available space. With difficulty a narrow lane was formed through the shout- ing, weeping people, along which the column moved with its burdens of dainties and flowers heaped upon the soldiers from both sides. Night or day, the trip through Oregon was a con- tinuous ovation. Each depot had its waiting throng, with their baskets of food and flowers. May 18th the two battalions reached the pier at Oakland. The first battalion to arrive was waiting on the San Francisco side of the bay to join in the march to the Presidio. A delegation of the San Francisco Red Cross ladies had prepared in the waiting room of the ferry landing a refreshing luncheon, which the tired soldiers fully appreciated. Many laudatory remarks were made by the citi- zens of California, as the stalwart sons from the sister State marched in columns of fours through the streets of San Fran- cisco to the site of their camp. The San Francisco papers stated the following morning that the regiment was the finest appearing that had entered the city and was also more fully equipped and armed. To demonstrate how thoroughly had been the State's work in maintaining its militia, it is but nec- essary to call attention to the few articles furnished the volun- teer regiment by the Government before it was started on a voyage of 7,500 miles to commence a campaign in the tropics. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 23 Practically nothing was added. A few rifles were replaced, mainly owing to the inability of the Government to make the needed repair in the limited time. The number, however, was very small, which well shows the care of the Oregon National Guard for their pieces. The regiment was plentifully supplied by the State with headquarters' tents, cook tents, and wall tents. Until the command arrived in Cavite no cooking uten- sils, other than those brought from the State, were used, and even during the entire campaign in the Philippines some of these were still in service. More could be said of the surgeons' instruments, for they were thoroughly modern, new and com- plete. Each of the guard regiments had kits, which gave an abundance for the volunteers. When the regiment left Port- land, it took for each man a complete latigue blue uniform, with campaign hat, blue overcoat and blanket. It also had as much heavy underwear as was allowed, and the State would have purchased new shoes and light underwear for each man had not the military board been assured that all such things would be plentifully supplied by the Government upon arrival in San Francisco. WITH THE FIRST EXPEDITION TO MANILA. Camp life at the Presido had but few variations. At first, there was intense eagerness to become a part of the first expe- dition, hope for the realization of which grew each day the commanders saw more of the regiment. Measles broke out immediately after arrival, but in a mild form, that did not more than cause temporary inconveniences from quarantine restric- tions. May 22d General Merriam informed Colonel Summers that the Second Oregon had been selected as one of the com- mands for the first expedition to the Philippines, the sailing date then not being far distant. Naturally, the news caused much joy and excitement. On the night of its receipt a royal celebration, more rough and informal than stately, took place in camp, terminating in a demand for a speech from the colonel. The shadow of death from a service in a torrid zone and on the battlefield did not darken the joy of realizing that the regiment had been summoned to its work. Both General Merriam and General Otis had complimented the colonel on the splendid 24 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. physique of his men, their equipment and drilling. Any one who has left home and friends with such a command at the gruesome bidding of war, can well comprehend the difference to soldiers between being chosen coast guard, far from danger, and in being a part of the army in the field. "The Webfooters are loose," growled a regular, two blocks away, when the tide of joy broke forth. The colonel's speech, admonishing the men of the grave work foreshadowed and exhorting all to the utmost, effort when called upon, closed the event. A new future opened to all after learning positively that Manila was the destination. All worked then with untiring zeal. Drills, though long and irksome, were taken up with redoubled interest. Health was guarded for the ordeal in store. A passing fear was caused by the light epidemic of measles, which the vigorous preventive work of the surgeons soon dis- sipated. Nothing else arose to hinder embarkation. Quartermaster Knapp was requested to make requisition for needed shoes, socks, and underwear, which was duly done. At every point this officer found a deficiency of stores, and such a crush and haste in the general department that his regiment could command but little attention. Colonel Summers received orders to be ready to embark, with nine companies, on the United States transport Australia, May 25th, the other three to sail on the United States transport City of Sydney at the same time. But little opportunity was given for preparation. The regiment had reached the Presidio on the 18th of the month. The First California Volunteers had preceded the Oregonians two or three days and were said to have exhausted, in fitting out, the stores intended for putting the finishing touches on the latter. The result was that the Second Oregon left San Francisco with barely any additions to its equipment furnished by the State. How unjust and unappreciative was the criticism emanating from the War Department later, that the Oregon regiment itself was at fault for the situation it was placed in as to clothing. At that date time was valuable, which the War Department culpably overlooked in getting the medical exam- iner and mustering officer at work on the Oregon Volunteers, and then endeavored to shift the responsibility for the delay to the shoulders of the Governor and State officers. But for the OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ZO weakness and flighty purposes of the enemy, such delays and sluggishness would have deprived America of the fruit of Dewey's great victory at Manila Bay, May 1st. Early on the morning of May 24th the Oregon regiment broke camp at the Presidio. As it formed for the march to the wharf, Colonel Jackson, then inspector general of the Oregon National Guard, formally presented to the regiment a beautiful stand of colors, the gift of the people of Portland. In a voice softened by emotion, ColonelJackson bade officers and men god- speed, never doubting that the proud colors would be brought back home, perhaps scarred, but without a stain. His farewell was verv touching, and moved many to tears. For five years he had taken a paternal interest in the National Guard, as official instructor. By 8 A. M. the regiment was alongside the steamer, ready to embark. Owing to the failure to have supplies and stores loaded on the Australia the day previous it was night before the troops could be put on. The other three companies of the regiment for the City of Sydney, F, I, and M, with two battalions of the Fourteenth Infantry, occupied their quarters on the vessel in due time. Major Eastman as senior officer on the City of Sydney was in command of all the troops on board the transport. Both transports pulled out into the bay, near the anchorage of the City of Peking with the First California, which regiment had boarded the day previous. One case of mumps was dis- covered on the Australia next morning. The patient was sent ashore immediately. San Francisco turned out to wave the three transports good- by on the morning of May 25th. Docks, streets, and shore were covered with gesticulating humanity. All the tugs and steamers in the harbor followed in the wake of the three trans- ports until they had turned through the Golden Gate. Sailing orders had been issued, and home, country, and friends were being left, perhaps forever. Two thousand six hundred souls were starting forth to kill or die. Bad enough was the prospect on the distant shore, where brave Dewey had plunged into the gloom and fought out a spot where he could raise the flag. But would that be reached. The Spanish navy was then an unknown quantity. Those formidable armored cruisers had 26 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. defied American vigilance and were cruising somewhere for vic- tims. Furnished with secret information and familiar with the physical possibilities of distances, the War Department might have possessed knowledge that the expedition, protected by the Charleston from Honolulu, was in no danger from Spanish men- of-war. No such assurance reached the men or lower officers. Discipline says enlisted men shall know nothing but obedience. They know, however, that all human beings are fallible, and many of those composing the first Philippine expedition started on that long voyage with grave apprehensions that the story of some unnamable tragedy at sea might be the only history of their end. Leaving your country or state for another is nothing. Your countrymen greet you, yet customs do not change, and you are not a foreign atom each community entered fain would throw off. Leave your nation. See the home of your father's vanish in mist. See your native city fade from a jumble of houses into nothingness; the peaceful valleys and green hills sink, blend, vanish; the bold headlands and stretch of coast line die over a too-fast growing stretch of water. When the eye fails, realize the embodiment of your country's spirit vanish — mod- ern inventions, conveniences, cities, railways, institutions — and for all this take the environments of semibarbarism. Man can love home only after leaving it. What must be the emo- tions of the soldier leaving home for foreign war? His soul pours out upon the rocks that mark the furthest confines, even as too often does his blood on foreign wastes. A HEARTY SEND-OFF FROM SAN FRANCISCO. More enthusing farewell could not have been given than the touching conduct of the people of San Francisco when the first expedition sailed away for the Far East. The bay was crowded with gail}' decorated boats, steamers, and tugs, some of which followed closely until the three transports passed through the Golden Gate. Great throngs waved farewell from along the wharves and water front. So the Oregon troops sailed from the United States on the longest voyage American soldiers had then ever taken for war. They were the pioneers for their country in a great movement. Dewey was not a pioneer. He OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Zi was a comet that struck amidst the enemy and there burned. A path between him and America was necessary. "Support Dewey" were the words when the troops were first talked of for the Philippines. However, the more deliberate members of the Oregon regiment thought, as they moved away to the Orient, of the westward march of empire, of the expand- ing nation that had absorbed a continent, and were vaguely conscious of being associated with a movement forming an epoch of history. They knew how hard it was to tear the Stars and Stripes from a helpless land. There are so many affilia- tions, so many entanglements, increasing the longer it floats, that but few hands dare take it down. When, in ages to come, the power of the great American Republic is the irresistible element standing for peace and justice in every part of the world, and the establishment of a mighty nation's policy has necessitated planting the Stars and Stripes in every quarter of the globe, the Second Oregon asks to be remembered as one of the humble agents that took up the burden cheerfully May 25, 1898, the dawn of the great era. BAD COOKING FACILITIES ON THE TRANSPORT. Immediately after getting to sea it became apparent that poor cooking facilities had been provided on the Australia for such a body of men. The owners of the steamer, the Spreckels Brothers, asked to be given the contract of feeding the men while on board at so much per capita. This was refused, and wretched facilities provided instead. Conspicuous among other errors w^as the ration intended for soldiers in the torrid zone. The usual seasickness affected all during the first few days, and the fare of half-boiled bacon, potatoes the same, worse coffee and hardtack, was not relished. Changes for the better were made in the cooking utensils at Honolulu, and more vege- tables, found to be of great value, were added to the commis- sary stores. Before Guam Island was reached a large cj^uantity of fresh beef in the improvised refrigerator spoiled and was cast overboard, the drinking water in the tanks was exhausted, and the condenser proved of limited capacity. These circumstances added much to the discomforts of an overcrowded ship in a tropical climate, and the voyage became very wearisome. Mea- 28 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. sles also appeared again a few days out from San Francisco. Each case was isolated as well as space would permit, and the total number afflicted during the voyage of thirty-six days was thus kept down to thirty-nine. ENTERTAINED AT HONOLULU. Honolulu was reached by the three transports June 2d. Perhaps nothing more cordial will ever be experienced by American soldiers on foreign soil than the welcome of beauti- ful Honolulu to the first Philippine expedition. It was hospi- table, lavish and of grand proportions. Two reasons impelled the people of the Paradise of the Pacific, either of which was most potent: first, was the pure spirit of generosity, and the American patriotism of so many residents of Honolulu who were born in the great republic, and some still owed it alle- giance; second, those annexationists who maintained their little republic, waiting for union with the United States, saw that if they became involved in foreign difficulties, no matter how, the United States had no alternative but annexation. Honolulu eagerly sought opportunity to violate neutrality laws, courted the anger of other nations, and was gratified to see their great patron acknowledge openly what she had long con- ceded. The soldiers of the first expedition found themselves the ob- ject of extremely flattering attention. The first day ashore revealed to them that a blue uniform was a license to enter any house or part of the city, a privilege that was not violated in such shocking manner as occurred when United States troops arrived in the same city later. The friendly people greeted the passer-by, invited him to partake of fruit, food, or delicacies. If small purchases were made by soldiers in stores, pay would not be accepted. Refreshment stands, barber shops, livery stables, fruit stores, C3^cleries, street cars, baths, and restaurants were all free. Generous hands had worked before for the departing soldiers; a proud, rich people had cheered them on, but nothing so lavish or complete in the way of hos- pitality had ever exceeded the gift of the inhabitants of Hono- lulu. The second day was the climax. A splendid feast was spread in the grounds of the executive building (the queen's OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 29 palace before the republic). To it was invited every Ameri- can soldier in the harbor, including the crews and marines of the Charleston and Bennington, then in Honolulu. President Dole, his cabinet and army officers, aided Honolulu's promi- nent citizens and fair women to serve and entertain the guests. A fine spread, made more memorable by the profusion of tropical fruits, was partaken of by the hungry soldiers. They left their tireless hosts next morning, bearing "leis" (wreaths) of beautiful flowers on their hats and around their necks, the pretty Hawaiian greeting, "Aloha" in their minds, and they will never be so ungrateful as to forget their Honolulu recep- tion. GUAM VISITED AND TAKEN. The cruiser Charleston led the little fleet out of the harbor June 4th, and before Oahu Island had been lost to view news was signaled from the man-of-war to the transport that the expedition should steam for the Ladrone Islands. Sealed or- ders had been opened, directing Captain Glass of the Charles- ton to proceed to Guam, the largest of the group, capture it and raise the American flag. A thrill of animation passed through the men as they learned that an encounter of indefi- nite severity was possible at Guam. Rumor had it that at least two Spanish gunboats would be met at the islands, which would give the Charleston a warm reception. How many of the enemy's soldiers would be found there was a subject of controversy; enough, anyhow, for a fight. Speculation was rife by the morning of June 20tli, when the fleet began steaming around the northern headland of Guam. In the mist of morning the Charleston reminded one of some inexorable hound of vengeance as she silently slid through the waters of the small bays along the coast searching for the gun- boats. The harbor of San Luis d'Apra, near which Aguana, the capital, is situated, was neared while the morning was yet young. An elevated reef of very old coral formation, partly covered with tropical vegetation, constituted the southern boundary. This projected full two miles into the sea, termi- nating in a bold headland fifty to eighty feet high. Starting from another part of the concave shore line, probably five 30 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. miles from the base of the southern reef, was another reef, mostly submerged, extending in a southwestern direction to within two hundred yards of the outer extremity of the first, forming a fairly protected harbor. The narrow channel for entrance was deep, as was one half of the bay, the other por- tion being an expanse of shoals from one to four feet deep, with as fantastical and beautiful a coral bottom as was ever given a body of water. Straight for this narrow channel steered the plucky little Charleston, with the Australia, City of Peking, and City of Syd- ney formed on the outside. It was an intense moment for the soldiers. All thought a sea fight imminent, with the stimu- lated interest of personal safety involved. They clambered as high into the rigging as regulations would permit to watch the fray. From the outside, the masts of what looked like a brig were visible, and also another object thought to be a fort or ironclad in the middle of the bay. The Charleston was overshadowed by the high reef close to which she hugged in entering. As the cruiser reached the free water inside the channel, smoke began to belch from her sides, and the regular detonations told the anxious spectators that her challenge was being followed by onus of serious intentions. Shells were seen to ricochet from what had been discovered to be a fort, falling in the bay beyond. After several shots, without answering, firing ceased, and a small boat containing two officers was seen to put out from Paete, the Aguana end of the harbor, towards the Charleston. The boat got alongside and the two officers boarded, who were the officer of the port and the health officer. Surprise and incredulity mingled with equal portions on the part of the American officers as the Spaniards began an apology for not returning the Charleston's salute. It was explained by the two affable and ceremonious gentlemen that there Avas not enough powder in the port to discharge the old muzzle- loading smoothbore the requisite number of times, but it had been sent for. When told by Captain Glass in answer that he had come on a hostile errand, obedient to orders to seize the islands, the two officers seemed overcome with astonishment. Had their wishes been fulfilled, they would have sunk through the deck. It had been three months since the last island mail OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 31 was received from Manila, the last news merely telling of the destruction of the Maine, but war on the heels of the apology offered by Spain was the furthest possible result contemplated, the officers thought. Be their surprise real or feigned, Cap- tain Glass introduced new complications by informing the officers that they were his prisoners. They expostulated that they came on an errand of peace and were wrongfully detained, but to no avail. They came, not under a flag of truce, although ignorant, through neglect or inability of their nation, and it mattered little what other considerations were offered. Both were later given the privilege of returning to the shore, pro- vided they would bear a message commanding the governor at Aguana to surrender, which they did. In reply to the request to the governor to come aboard the cruiser to arrange terms, he stated that it was against Spanish laAv for the governor of a province to board a foreign man-of- war. He was then ordered to meet the captain in Paete next day at 9 a. m. In the mean time the Peking and Australia had steamed through the narrow channel and found anchorage near the Charleston, the captain of the City of Sydney still standing off Point Oratic, as he hesitated to enter with his vessel. On the morning of June 21st, as the hour of 9 o'clock neared, preparations began on the Charleston and Australia for landing troops in case the delay was taken advantage of by the governor for resistance. Forty marines were put in small boats from the cruiser, and Company A, Captain Heath, Com- pany D, Captain Prescott, from the Second Oregon. Only one launch being available, two trips were necessary to tow the boats across the bay. About the same time that Lieutenant Braunersreuther, representing Captain Glass, set out in a small boat for the shore, where the governor was expected, the first tow of soldiers and marines started from the Australia, the portion aboard from the Second Oregon being one platoon of Company A. These were taken to the Japanese brig in the harbor, which was first suspected of being a Spanish gunboat, and moored to the stern of the vessel, while the launch returned to tow the remainder of Companies A and D. Shortly before the second tow reached the brig, Lieutenant Braunersreuther returned with the captive governor and his officers. Nothing 32 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. remained for the eager troops but to quietly return. They had received their baptism, but not of fire. A furious little tropical shower passed over while they were waiting, thoroughly soaking everything that would absorb water. When Lieutenant Braunersreuther got to the shore he had found the governor and his officers. His excellency was sum- moned to surrender, and, after meditating for a few minutes, handed the lieutenant a sealed note to Captain Glass, which Avas at once torn open and read, a right claimed as the fully empowered representative of the captain. To this proceeding the governor protested lightly. The note was an uncondi- tional surrender, in view of the overwhelming force in the harbor. The governor was then informed that both himself and officers would be held as prisoners, and was required to go aboard the Charleston immediately. A stronger protest was entered to such summary proceedings. The governor explained that neither himself nor officers had made arrangements for departure, and urgently insisted that they be permitted to re- turn to their homes for this purpose. He was quite overcome when refused and signed an order for all the soldiers to come to the landing that afternoon with their arms and ammunition, in a resigned though objecting mood. His order was obeyed by the soldiers without protest. Promptly at 4 p. m. fifty Spanish soldiers carrying Mauser rifles, fifty native soldiers with Kem- ington rifles, and fifty without guns, appeared on the beach. A small force of marines with boats for the prisoners were present and commenced the disarming. Care was taken to prevent treachery of any kind. When the rifles were all stored in a small boat, the natives were told they were free, and the Spaniards were ordered to embark. The former tore from their clothes the Spanish military buttons witfi manifest joy, casting them to the ground with an emphasis that bespoke their state of mind over the fall of the Spanish yoke. The fifty Spanish soldiers were put aboard the City of Sydney and transported to Cavite, where they were held until peace was arranged. The Spanish officers, six in number, including the officers of the port, health officer, and governor above-named, were placed on the Charleston. The}^ evinced unmistakable signs of fear at leaving their families on Guam Island without military protec- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 33 tioii. That they misjudged the spirit of the natives is proven by the safety of the women's sojourn in the lonely Pacific. So ended the "Battle of Guam." A few moments before noon of the same day, June 21st, a small boat put out from the Charleston for Fort Santa Cruz, the little dismantled fortress in the center of the bay that had at first attracted the Charleston'' s fire. A few minutes later the Stars and Stripes were seen to rise to the top of the flag pole on the fort. Great shouts went up from the transports and cruiser. The Charleston fired the national salute, the bands struck up the " Star Spangled Banner," and a cordial welcome was given to the stranger in the western part of the Pacific. The City of Sydney had ventured into the harbor a little while before. THE FIRST DEATH IN THE REGIMENT. On board the City of Sydney, June 20th, while lying off the point, occurred the first death in the Oregon regiment. Elias Hutchinson, Company M, was operated on for appendicitis a few days prior and died from the effects. His body was buried at sea, with ceremonies more impressive than any witnessed by the boys any time during their campaign in the Philippines. June 22d the fleet steamed out of San Luis d'Apra harbor and shaped its course for the northern point of Luzon. Until the rough outline of that coast rose up through the mist on the morning of June 28th nothing occurred aboard of interest. Schools of officers, noncommissioned officers and privates were given new interest by the approach of service. Brown duck clothing was issued to the sweltering soldiers on the Australia, those on the other boats having received theirs before. Shoddy underwear for the volunteers was also distributed again, as it would only stand about one or two washings, and the first re- ceived near Honolulu had mostly become useless. It began to dawn upon all how little prepared the expedition was for the tropics, and particularly the Oregon regiment. Because that regiment had arrived in San Francisco with the most complete outfits for campaigning in the United States, it had been launched into the tropics with scarcely any additional cloth- ing. At Honolulu General Anderson's quartermaster, Major 3 34 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Jones, purchased some more underwear for the Oregon men, which was a grateful duty to the humble command, which was now having the first experience of being made sufferers as well as scapegoats for the incompetence or negligence of the gen- eral departments. While the men were trying to adjust their feet to a collection of the worst misfit shoes ever thrust upon a confiding body of humanity, the reproach came from the worthy staff of the general that the Oregonians were themselves to blaiiie ; their quartermaster had been told to make requisi- tion at San Francisco. Lieutenant Knapp is still unable to draw any lucid conclusion of his own blame from the chaos of "noes," "noes," and "don't knows," that greeted him on every hand in San Francisco while he was trying to get his requisi- tion filled in the general quartermaster department. .\RRIVAL AT MANILA. A little uneasiness was created on the transports by the sight, off the northern point of Luzon, of a column of smoke arising from some vessel evidently approaching. The fleet had been a month cut off from communication with the world, the last reports being of possible interference by Germany and France, and what aspect the war might now have was a sub- ject for many conjectures. As the stranger neared, her two funnels and fighting tops told she was a man-of-war, but the resemblance to the Baltimore of Dewey's fleet allayed suspicion. Such she proved to be. For nine days the cruiser had stood off the northern head waiting. Her gallant crew were given a taste of good old American enthusiasm, bottled for a month, as the cruiser came alongside the transports. Courtesies were exchanged, and the soldiers told of the penned Spanish fleet at Santiago de Cuba. All steamed around the island, the two cruisers skirting along the shore for any vessel with the Span- ish flag. From the glassy sea on the north the fleet swung toward the south in the teeth of a stiff monsoon from the turbulent China Sea. The afternoon and night passed with a steady increase of the wind. Another spell of seasickness passed through the ranks, and the following afternoon all hailed with redoubled delight the appearance of Corregidor Island. Single file the fleet went up the bay after the Baltimore. A OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 35 German cruiser, the Kaiserin Agusta, impudently steamed close to the transports, as if to inspect the troops arriving, and passed on to her anchorage with the foreign fleet. Late in the after- noon the three transports dropped anchor off Cavite inside the circle maintained by the cruisers — the last of a voyage never more devoutly wished finished than by the soldiers. First to impress the soldiers was the siege of the Spanish forces in Manila, where they had withdrawn and fortified themselves to meet the Americans. It was certainly gratifying to the most bellicose to learn that the Filipinos were overrun- ning the whole island, save Manila and a few fortified outposts. The swelling natives celebrated the appearance of the Ameri- can troops in the harbor by a characteristic attack on the Spanish works, commencing before dark, contrary to their custom. Small arms crackled, punctuated by the deeper roar of cannon, and from appearances a furious assault was in progress. A thrill of gratitude and affection animated the sol- diers' breasts for the Filipinos. It was not then understood that Filipino treacher}^ not valor, had aided the American fleet in penning up the Spanish in Manila. The Spaniards found it necessary to withdraw their limited forces from the surrounding country to protect their capital, depot, arsenals, homes — all expressed in a word, "Manila." At first they established lines far beyond the city limits, and were erecting fortifications around the bay to contest the ground with the Americans as they marched from Cavite around to Manila, as was the supposed method contemplated. Filipino soldiers in the Spanish service betrayed their masters, thus forcing a with- drawal of the lines to Malate, on the south, as a more easily held position. Here breastworks of a substantial character were thrown up, to oppose which the Filipinos dug trenches, and here for nearly a month prior to the arrival of the first troops at Cavite and a month following that time was enacted a lurid farce of the lighter order, styled "war," by the egotistic Filipinos. Their play at fighting mostly took place at night. A Filipino would shoot from a secure trench, with little or no aim. If the Spanish reply was warm, the valiant Filipino would hide com- pletely, thrust his rifle sufficiently above his head to reach above his ditch and discharge it. The bullet might strike in 36 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. the mud fifty yards distant, or encroach on the domain of the moon by the time it passed over the Spanish trenches. Fatali- ties on either side were naturally rare. A few small posts held by loyal Spanish soldiers, such as monasteries and churches, in the territory betrayed were left isolated by that deed and fell to the swarming besiegers before starvation made corpses of the garrison. THE FIRST REGIMENT TO DISEMBARK. The first of the expedition to disembark were the nine com- panies of the Second Oregon on the Australia. Early on the morning of July 1st, orders were issued by General Anderson for Colonel Summers to have his men prepare to go ashore at once. It was rather late in the afternoon before the necessary cascoes had been towed alongside, but all the troops on the Australia were in their quarters at Cavite by dusk. The follow- ing day, July 2d, Companies F, I, and M came ashore, and were followed by the First California Volunteers and the Fourteenth Infantry. The first person of the regiment to touch Luzon soil was Colonel Summers, who, with his staff, went to inspect his quarters the morning of July 1st. The first battalion of the American army to land in the Philippines was the First Bat- talion, Second Oregon Infantry, Major Gantenbein, the first company was K, Captain Worrick, the first enlisted man Pri- vate McKenna, Compan}' L. General Anderson reserved the palatial building formerly used as the mayor and marine ofiicers' quarters for the Fourteenth Infantry, leaving the marine and old infantry barracks for the volunteers. Colonel Smith, First California, being Colonel Sum- mers' senior, selected the Marine Barracks, and Oregon was quartered in the foul, slimy structures that had not been used by even the Spanish for years. When Admiral Dewey saw the condition of the quarters next day he said it was a shame and an outrage to quarter Americans in such a place, and suggested to the Colonel that he take other buildings adja- cent. The Colonel moved one battalion to neat quarters inside the fort. General Anderson became highly indignant over the affair and immediately ordered the Colonel back, so the old quarters were packed to the limit with human chattels, "soldiers." OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 87 MUCH SICKNESS IN THE REGIMENT. Lectures had been given the men on board the vessels per- taining to health in the tropics. Partaking of water, fruit, or liquor, or any indulgence, had been emphasized as sure of fatal consequences, unless strictly regulated. Yet there was at first an alarming number of petty ailments, some growing into more serious complications. The boys were fruit hungry and ate freel}' of the great quantities offered for sale by the natives at trifling prices. Water was not regularly boiled. The " Klon- dike" rations of the army became nauseating in the hot climate. To save expenses General Anderson empowered his quarter- master to draw from the command details for unloading the supplies carried by the transports and packing them in store- houses. The Fourth of July, ordinarily observed by Americans in a splendid manner, will be remembered by the Oregon boys as a suffocating day of hard labor. All these conditions coop- erating produced much sickness. By the third day after land- ing Major Ellis and Captains Cardwell and Whiting found sick-call responded to by more than a hundred men. Rather acute cramps, diarrhoea, and fevers were the usual symptoms. Most of the men remained in quarters, merely receiving medi- cines, but some were taken to the improvised hospital — an old building wholly unfit for such use. A week after the troops landed, the Oregon sick-list had swelled to approximately three hundred, and it seemed that half the regiment was unfit for duty. The longshore work was discontinued. Strict measures were adopted concerning drinking water and fruit. More care was taken in preparing food. It was some time, however, be- fore there was much decrease in the number of sick. The regiment, as compared with the Fourteenth Infantry and Cali- fornia regiments, seemingly, was suffering most. This was due to difference in methods of the surgeons. The two former regiments treated most of their sick in quarters, so there was no display of the number nor any record made. The Oregon surgeons at first caused the sick to appear at the hospital when sick-call was sounded. Here they presented an alarming aspect, well adapted to the use of prying press correspondents, whose ambition was to show that volunteers were unfit to control themselves. 38 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. TROUBLE BEGINS WITH THE FILIPINOS. Contact with the friendly Filipinos, although devoid at first of anything of a portentous nature, never promised much but discord. On the part of the soldiers there came a feeling of admiration, produced by the vague reports of Filipino success around Manila. The secret of that success being unknown, newly arrived soldiers readily attributed it to valor and skill in the field. How much their liigh opinions were shaken by the appearance of the rabble Aguinaldo termed soldiers, is difficult to estimate. A sentiment of the utmost cordiality ex- isted for several days, but events of a deteriorating character soon began to operate. Probably these were quickened by the attitude of the commanding generals on both sides, for soon the aspirations of Aguinaldo had taken such shape that the American General was known to entertain them with suspicion. The removal of Aguinaldo's headquarters to Paraiiaque did not improve matters. American soldiers had petty conflicts with Filipino citizens and soldiers. In some instances it could not be denied that excesses of the "big white brethren" were at the bottom of difficulties. Contrary to all admonitions, the American soldiers indulged in liquors, especially a native brew called anisad, which was a violent intoxicant and also very cheap. A very few drinks of this would fire the Anglo-Saxon blood until a battle royal only could appease. It was not rare to see some burly soldier pass through the streets of Gavite hurling off a pack of Filipino citizens and soldiers who were trying to apprehend him, and, incidentally, wrecking a few of the various fruit stands encountered. The American officers were always prompt to punish any offense against the Filipinos where satisfactory evidence could be had, of which the Filipino authorities were informed. The petty character of the swarm- ing natives began to appear in the numerous commercial trans- actions. If an American soldier could be cheated in any man- ner, it was held proper by them to do so. Their rapacity became intense after the first pay day of the Americans. In their experience with the Spaniards, private soldiers never received such fabulous sums as the careless Americans exhibited. Some of the first soldiers to show them pieces of gold were thought to be officers, as they could not OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 89 believe a soldier possessed such wealth. Then the hucksters, peddlers, fruit stands and stores multiplied, and from the prov- ince of Cavite were brought loads of everything that an Amer- ican soldier would buy. Nothing but contempt was excited in the minds of Americans as a result of every increase of their knowledge of Filipinos and their ways. Before the siege of Manila commenced, soldiers were heard to say they would re- ceive with joy the news that the conceited Filipinos were to be disciplined by force. The savage pleasure they exhibited in showing how at times the throats of Spaniards were cut added only repulsiveness to a multitude of other repellant conditions. Drills and schools were commenced with vigor by Colonel Summers as soon as his men were quartered at Cavite. Ex- tended order exercises in particular were given often. Much benefit was derived from the knowledge imparted to ofhcers and noncommissioned ofhcers in the schools held on board the transports. As exertion in the heat of the day was prohibited during July, the early morning hours and evening were chosen for drills. At these times the work was taken up faithfully, by companies, battalions, and in regimental formation. In view of the need of drilled men in the struggle anticipated before Manila, ofhcers and men entered into their work with enthu- siasm, a friendly rivalry also giving life to the drills. Thorough inspection by both the General and the Colonel told that full equipments would count in the selection of forces. Small amounts of clothing were again issued, arms repaired where necessar}^ ammunition distributed, and shelter tents furnished. Until the second expedition arrived, the Oregon men were so poorly shod that the command was unht to take the field. ROUTINE WORK AT CAVITE. Thus July dragged along with a routine of preparatory work. During the latter part of the month the Fourteenth Infantry and the California Volunteers were shipped across the neck of the bay from Cavite to Paraiiaque, where Camp Dewey was formed. The Oregon men packed their belongings with the expectation that they would soon follow. Other expeditions, composed of unseasoned volunteers and regulars, arrived and were put into the field. Sickness had nearly disappeared from 40 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. the ranks of the Oregonians ; they had drilled hard and well, were somewhat acclmiated, and they felt keenly the arrange- ment that left them in Cavite. On three different occasions officers of the regiment were able to render General Anderson excellent service in the pre- liminary arrangements for the attack. Captains Heath, Com- pany A, Wells, Company L, and Prescott, Company D, and Lieutenant Telfer, Company L, were invited by Captain Are- valo, a Filipino officer on Aguinaldo's staff, to visit with him his home in Pasig, above Manila. The officers accepted, mak- ing the journe}' across the foothills from Penada to Pasig. They were delayed by muddy roads and reached the shores of the bay at Paraiiaque one afternoon when the surf prevented crossing. Considerable uneasiness was felt over their absence, and all were ordered before General Anderson when they re- turned for staying away over time. The explanation given was satisfactory to him, and the information gathered about Filipinos during the trip was appreciated and thankfully re- ceived. Some correspondents magnified the affair into another example of volunteer stupidity and incompetence. Lieutenant Bryan of E, and Lieutenant Moore of F, aided by Private Green of E, spent several days around the Manila fortifications sketching and mapping the whole country for the General. Their work was very complete and efficient. A perfect map with sketches of the whole line of breastworks placed in the General's hands knowledge of the enemy's works that was in- valuable in the subsequent operations. Captain Case of Com- pany F, performed some excellent work in the same interest as an engineer officer. His scouting along all the roads from Paraiiaque and adjacent country to Manila and report on their availability for marching over and use in transportation proved of useful service. Great excitement prevailed in the Oregon regiment when news of the commencement of fighting July 31st was received. General Merritt had then arrived and had said that the regi- ment would be left in Cavite as a guard for the base of sup- plies. He further intimated, however, that should it be nec- essary to make an assault on the walls of Manila before the city surrendered the regiment would be given a prominent 'I fitliiiiitBiiit«t DRESS PARADE OF SECOND OREGON IN COURT OF CtTARTEL de ESPASA. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 41 part. Trouble with the natives then seemed imminent, and Cavite was the most likely point for an attack, should they be- come hostile over any arrangement found expedient during the siege. General Anderson told the Colonel that the regi- ment had been selected for duty at Cavite because of the con- fidence reposed in it. A change of quarters was all that broke the monotony of the early days of August. Friday, August 12th, Colonel Summers was ordered to have nine companies of his regiment ready to embark on vessels before daylight on the morning of the 13th, the day finally agreed upon for the assault. This most dehghtful information ran through the camp with electric speed, notwithstanding it might foretell ter- rible carnage under the grim old walls facing the sea, where it was understood the Oregon men were to land. The soldiers took up the shout until wherever there was an Oregon man in Cavite a series of wild caperings told something was to happen. The natives could poorly understand that all the gayety was caused by the prospect of facing the Spaniards behind the walls of Manila. Adding more to the enthusiasm of the Oregon men was the report that one company from the regiment would be selected as bodyguard for General Merritt. Company F, commanded by Captain Case, was named for the work, and was to go aboard the Zafiro on the morning named, which vessel the General and staff were to occupy during the bombardment. Taking 300 rounds of ammunition per man and only such equipment as was necessary in the field, all other articles were packed. A more forlorn command was never seen in the Philippines than that left in Cavite under Lieutenant Colonel Yoran and Major Eastwick, consisting of Companies C, I, and M. Not from a sense of danger, for the soldiers would welcome a fight with superior numbers, but because they were being left when the regiment went into action. THE CAPTURE OF MANILA. Before the appointed hour, August 13th, Colonel Summers had his men aboard the Kwonchoi and Zajiro. These two ves- sels took positions amidst the fleet until the vessels of Admiral Dewey, preceded by the Monterey, slowly steamed for Manila 42 • OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. and then followed at a reasonable distance from the Olympia, so that communication between General Merritt and the Ad- miral was maintained. A sense of awe overcame the soldiers as they felt themselves moved along with the majestic proces- sion, most of which had taken part in the naval battle of May 1st, at the same spot. As the monitor steamed directly for the much-talked-of batteries of Manila and gradually worked her way inward until within easy range, every eye was strained through the slight mist to catch the first glimpse of smoke from her turrets or a similar challenge from the fortifications on the shore. All looked in vain. The monitor never took the offen- sive, and the big Krupp guns on shore did not care to rouse her to action. At 9:15 o'clock a. m. the Olympia was off for Fort San An- tonio Adad, in Malate, at which she fired the opening gun. It was a 6-inch gun on the starboard side. The shell struck the water and ricochetted until it struck the land. The Petrel and Raleigh followed shortly, with more suc- cess. For about an hour the three cruisers kept up a deliber- ate fire, which was quickened whenever a puff of smoke along the right wing of the Spanisii trenches indicated the position of the enemy. The vessels slackened at last, and the charge of the land forces commenced. A part of the Colorado regi- ment could be seen by the Oregon boys rushing along the beach toward the stone fort. Their progress was visible until they plunged into the Cingalon River and clambered up the sides of the old stone structure which had been partly demol- ished by the heavy shells from the fleet. When it was seen that opposition had ceased in this quarter, the cruisers, fol- lowed by the Zajiro and Kivonchoi, steamed up directly oppo- site the mouth of the Pasig. The vessels did not open fire on the city, nor was there any shooting at them from the shore. An undisturbed calm reigned for quite a period, which was relieved by the arrival of a launch from shore bearing at the prow a flag of truce and the Belgian flag astern. Through the fleet word quickly circulated that negotiations for surrender were in progress. The Admiral's flag lieutenant and a repre- sentative of General Merritt returned on the launch to the city. After a brief interval, the officers came back to the ship with OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 43 ,word that the Spanish General agreed to surrender, and asked to have six hundred men put inside the Walled City at once to maintain order. The nine companies of the Oregon regiment were just the numher required, and the Kwonchoi and the Zafiro were immediately headed for the shore. General Merritt and staff took a launch, preceding the troops by over an hour, and when they reached the Ayuntamiento, where the Spanish General had offices, were in possession. The Kivonchoi ran ao-round trying to reach the sea wall, and her troops were trans- fered to the shore in launches. Company F reached the wall in the same manner, being the first of the troops to land. Colonel Summers landed from the London Times and Neiu York Herald launch, reaching the shore of Manila ahead of any of his command. As fast as each of the two battalions could be landed, it formed in the square terminating the Reina Christina drive around the monument of Don Simon de Anda. From there Company F and the First Battalion, Major Gantenbein, marched up the Reina Christina drive and entered the Walled City, marching directly to the Ayuntamiento building, followed a half hour later by the Second Battalion and band. Major Willis. On the high walls as the soldiers passed were numerous Span- iards, some still holding their arms, and the looks with which they greeted the uncouth-appearing conquerors were anything but pleasant. The way from the gate of the wall to the palace was crowded with soldiers and citizens of the fallen power. There were approximately five thousand armed men concen- trated inside the walls. As the little band of five companies marched through the dense throng, bright with the splendid uniforms of Spanish officers and soldiers, some of the Ore- gonians could not help but remember vividly tales of Spanish treachery. There was never any reason to doubt Spanish sin- cerity, for if no other cause was oppressive, Dewey was anchored just beyond the walls, and the advancing American forces occupied the city all around. The Oregon men were lined up in front of the palace be- tween rows of Spanish soldiers. The Spanish General's flag had been hauled down, and in its stead the blue emblem of General Merritt's authority was run up over the building. 44 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Lieutenant Young, Company A, took a platoon of his company^ to escort the Admiral's flag lieutenant and Lieutenant Povey, Company L, during the pulling down of the big flag over the jmrapets of the western wall. A large crowd of Spanish men and women were in the vicinity when their national colors were lowered and the Stars and Stripes took their place. Some of the women wept aloud and nearly all stood with averted faces. One lady pleaded with the Spanish officer nearest to die rather than see the flag lowered. Lieutenant Povey, aided by two privates, managed the halyards in both cases. As the Stars and Stripes were run up, the Second Battalion marching up the Reina Christina drive toward the Walled City cheered, and the band struck up the Star Spangled Banner. The effect was very dramatic. GUARD DUTY IN THE CITY. Squads from different companies were detailed for guard duty at the six entrances to the Walled City, over the treasury and palace buildings, and the two large magazines found under the walls. Company A was placed in charge of the arsenal. Four companies slept in the palace. Details were made to receive the arms of the surrendering soldiers. One crew worked in the vestibule of the palace until early next morn- ing, and another in the arsenal. For two days commands from the trenches were coming in to surrender, keeping the Americans quite busy receiving and storing the arms and ammunition. Colonel Summers was made acting provost marshal and was placed in charge of everything inside the walls for about a week, leaving the immediate command of the troops to Major Gantenbein. The second day all the troops, except Companies A and F, were quartered in the Cuartel de Espana. For the first three days hardly any of the soldiers were able to sleep, duties were so heavy. After that the arse- nal was placed in charge of the Twenty-third Infantry, which regiment also assumed control of the lower third of the Walled City. Four companies of the Minnesota regiment were given a belt in the center, and the Oregon regiment took charge of the southern half, besides the palace, where Company F was quartered. ^^^-' Headoxjarters Department of the Pacific 1 ' . • _..... ..-.'iL-iAi , Phdipfiint liianiii. ^-., itu;:,ust:. 3Jth, lti?8. ', ■ ...I... 1 . .,^ ■ 1 r"^ _ l„:,l^er tnfii'Cry. .r^:- f' --•:,■ ....■., . . , . .r, , ^^. ■ ' ■.. r;n. , 1 , . .■ duties of Acuir-t; [• - ; .e I, i-vj i TTned lately 1 i:-3 ' • ■ . ,.. ^ .,,,^, .j,_ ,. f . ■-: e';ia:-ed t;.2 ;,ards;:i;; :,f y Ver>' respectfally. ymjor- General, 0. S. Army. "li^lfw/iL^IU^^.H). FACSIMILE OF LETTEK WRITTEN BY MAJ. GEN. WESLEY MERRITT, U. S. ARMY, OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 45 The work of the Second Oregon inside the walls during the early days of American occupation was equal to the best services performed in the Eighth Army Corps during the same time. It was bloodless, but exacting. Spaniards have always asserted that the surrender of Manila on August 13th was pursuant to a prearranged plan agreed upon by their General and Gen- eral Merritt. Everybody realized how fruitless of everything but havoc would be resistance by them. Food scarce, health- ful water controlled by the enemy, the city invested by a strong force of disciplined troops and a swarm of blacks, an overpow- ering fleet standing within easy range, final defeat was inevit- able. Reliable authorities repeated before the surrender that all that deterred the Spanish officers from immediate sur- render was the unreasonable attitude of their home govern- ment should not a show of resistance be made, and also the fear of occupation of the city by the Filipino armed rabble. As soon as their ungrateful people could be appeased and there was assurance that civilized troops would assume control of the city, there seemed no further disposition to prolong a destruc- tive, useless conflict. There was ample evidence during the bombardment that the American commanders appreciated the situation, if, indeed, they were not acting according to mutual plans, and, although the inherent efficiency of the American soldiers was partly demonstrated, there can be no doubt that the enemy retired from their outworks far more readily than they would have under other circumstances. It has been hinted that the ambition of certain American commanders actually precipitated most of the fighting of the day. Certainly the indiscreetness of the commanders at one time came near causing a renewal of the fight, after negotiations for absolute surrender were well under way. Nothing of the kind can be charged to the Oregon regiment or its commander. All work assigned to Colonel Summers and his men was dispatched with promptness, firmness, and consideration. Six long weary months for the Oregon men passed between August 13th and the outbreak of the struggle with the Fili- pinos — months filled with doubtful issues, trying experiences and disappointments. News of peace between the United States and Spain followed closely upon the fall of Manila. No 46 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. policy had then been outlined by the McKinley administration regarding the future of the Philippines. There seemed to the soldiers on duty there, although personally weary of the service in the tropics, no reasonable alternative for the Government in the matter. However, no declaration was ever made during the period intervening the date of the peace protocol and the announcement of the Peace Commissioners' work, so the sol- diers never knew until then whether their sacrifices were for American possessions or in furtherance of a chance adventure. They believed a reasonable interpretation of their contract of enlistment would grant their discharge soon after the expira- tion of hostilities. The desire to get back to the United States was aggravated by the act of favoritism perpetrated by the War Department in returning the Astor Battery shortly after the Spanish war ceased. THE UNHEALTHY CITY. Sickness proved during this waiting period more fatal than human enemies. Exceedingly unsanitary sewers in old Manila aided the disease-breeding cesspools and filthy moats in dissemi- nating typhoid, malaria, and fevers. Several deaths occurred, and but few members of the regiment escaped an attack of some form. In some instances a soldier would recover from one dis- ease to become the victim of another equally or more severe. Smallpox appeared shortly after the troops reached the city. When it was first discovered in the city, there was a feeling bordering on consternation. Dire conjectures were made of the limits which it seemed probable smallpox would reach in a city so filthy, densely populated, and hot. Strict measures were planned and executed to restrict its course. A few deaths resulted from this disease, but a mere fraction of the number at first apprehended. Americans failed to consider that smallpox in Manila is nearly always prevalent, has a relatively small number of untouched cases among the natives, and, therefore, with scientific care of the soldiers, but little danger was to be apprehended from it. Preparation of the food furnished soldiers soon demanded more attention than it had ever received. Owing to the fact that much of the ration was improper food for a hot climate, OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 47 this subject became especially important. In the Cuartel de Espaiia the soldiers built large ovens and heaters that enabled them to bake breadstuffs and cook their meals in the most ap- proved manner. Gradually, also, the subsistence department altered the ration as consumption pointed out the required articles. One feature of the regiment's conduct during this period that will be remembered with pride, was the splendid discipline maintained and the soldierly appearance of the men. While in the Filipino war it was found, as elsewhere, that the fastidiously exact in attire do not always make the best fighters, there were many good results from the wholesome discipline of the Oregon regiment. The regiment gained the name of being the most military in appearance and performance of duty of any volunteers in Manila. No licentious excesses could flourish under such restraints, and, consequently, the names of the Oregon soldiers were not so often associated with high- handed and unlawful practices as were some others engaged in provost guard duty. When trouble commenced the discipline of the regiment also assured it places of the greatest responsi- bility. A work of no small importance was done by the regi- ment in forcing residents in the district guarded to keep their premises clean of all filth and rubbish. Captain Heath was ap- pointed by the Colonel sanitary officer, and regularly inspected the beats patroled by the soldiers for any lapse in enforcement of orders in this respect. MARKED ABILITY OF THE OFFICERS RECOGNIZED. As a mark of the individual ability of the officers of the regiment, may be cited their employment in positions of im- portance in the Military Government. Their judicial ability was above the average. Major Gantenbein was early appointed president of two general courts-martial, one of the senior mem- bers of the military commission, the highest tribunal of the administration, a member of the board of claims against the Spanish Government and of the board of claims against the United States Government. Though detailed on these various boards he continued to perform all the duties of battalion com- mander with his regiment until March 22, 1899. Upon the establishment of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands 48 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. a feAV days before the departure of the regiment for the United States, he was tendered a position as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, but preferred to return with his regiment. Major Eastwick was appointed president of a general court- martial composed of Oregon and Tennessee officers. Lieuten- ants Dunbar and Telfer were chosen judge-advocates of general courts-martial. Lieutenant Colonel Yoran alwa.vs acted as field and summar}^ court officer of the regiment. Lieutenant Piatt was appointed acting assistant judge-advocate on General Hughes' staff, a position requiring much work during the early occupation by the Americans, owing to the involved nature of real estate and contracts. Captain Wells was appointed on a board of examiners for the Eighth Army Corps. Captain Whiting was given full charge of the smallpox hospital, where his tireless and efficient work won the praise of every patient cared for, as well as his superiors. Lieutenant Bryan had charge of the sales' department of the general commissary until his resignation from the service on account of poor health. Lieutenant Povey was detailed as depot quartermaster of Cavite until that depot was abandoned. He was then brevetted cap- tain and made assistant depot quartermaster to Major Jones, depot quartermaster at Manila. Lieutenant Wolfe was detailed to act as third in rank at the Presidio de Manila, the island penitentiary, where Captain Case also acted for a period on a commission inspecting the books of the institution as left by the Spaniards. Oregon privates were on duty in every department of the- corps. In the Adjutant General's office there were more Oregon men than from all other commands combined. The quarter- master's department had also a large percentage of Oregon men, and in most of the undertakings of the government requiring especial skill or training, Oregon men were to be found. Company H of the regiment was selected by General Hughes for the customhouse, where the general capacity of the mem- bers for all branches of work in that institution was often commented upon. General Hughes himself stated that it was unlikely that in the entire army corps another company could be found in which there were so many men competent to man- age such affairs. Lieutenant McKinnon acted as boarding OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 49 officer of the port from the time the company entered upon customhouse duties until relieved. Captain McDonell had a supervising position, and Lieutenant Gritzmacher commanded the customhouse guards. RECRUITS FOR THE RECilMENT. When President McKinley issued the second call for troops all the State was allowed to raise was a sufficient number to fill the Second Oregon companies up to the full war footing. This number was ready before the mustering officer could attend to the physical examinations. It was deemed inexpedient to assemble all at a central point, so the mustering and medical officers visited different cities of the State where the recruits were enlisted. The call was issued May 25th, and the last of the recruits left the State July 7th. They could have gone far earlier had they been accepted as fit for service sooner. At first the recruits were placed under the command of Major Diggles as detachment commander, and under the immediate control of a sergeant of the Thirteenth Minnesota, as drill- master. The total of 313 men were separated into provisional companies for convenience in drills and mess, but were mus- tered as one company. Up to the time of departure for Manila the recruits were under many different commanders from dif- ferent regiments. They were not uniformed with system or method. A campaign hat would be issued one day, a pair of leggings another, a blouse still another, and so on until the men presented a semimilitary aspect. Some of the clothing issued was of the worst quality. At first the recruits were encamped at what was known as Camp Merritt, part of the time in an old barn, without bedding, shelter, or adequate clothing. They were then moved into tents, and made to sleep in the wet, cold sand, where many of them contracted pneumonia, and several died. The Oregon men were later removed from cold, disagreeable Camp Merritt and camped in the Presidio, where their condition was vastly improved. After repeatedly preparing for the voyage across the Pacific to join their regiment, the tired men were finally, on October 17th, put aboard the trans|)ort Senator for Manila, where they arrived the day before Thanksgiving. On Thanks- 3 50 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. giving day the}^ disembarked, after being thoroughly vaccinated, and partook of a pleasant repast that had been prepared for them by the members of the respective companies to which they were assigned. One member of the recruits, who had acted as sergeant major of the detachment, John W. Marshall, was afterwards appointed sergeant major of the regiment upon the discharge of Sergeant Major Rintoul. With the commencement of the "siege of Manila" on the nio-ht of February 4th, the work of the provost guard became arduous and critical. Throughout the time that the regiment remained on such duty until relieved to take the field, it certainly is favorable to notice that no hostile demonstration ever oc- curred in the district patroled. Oregon men were as eager as any in the corps to inflict punishment on the contemptuous Filipinos, for they, equally with all Americans in Luzon, had suffered from their insolence. Yet they performed duty with- out venting revengeful feeling, performed it so thoroughly and well that it was only after strong efforts that Colonel Summers was finally able to get his command relieved from provost guard duty. THE OUTBREAK OF THE FILIPINO REBELLION. On the night of February 4th, when fighting commenced, all of the Oregon regiment took its assigned posts. A false alarm, previously, when the soldiers were all called out, demonstrated that the Oregonians were equal if not superior to the best in point of speed. Then the regiment was marching out of the cuartel in fighting array seven minutes after the alarm. Better time than that was made February 4th. The positions were occupied long before the residents were fully aware that hos- tilities had commenced. The First Battalion, Major Ganten- bein, held the southern gate, the portion of the wall west of it, and the outer bridge of the causeway leading over the water to the southern gate. Major Eastwick conducted three com- panies of his battalion to the southeast corner of the wall and the more southerly of the eastern gates. The Second Battalion was held by Major Willis on Victoria Street, immediately in front of the cuartel, as a force to operate anywhere inside the walls should trouble commence. At dif- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 51 ferent times on that memorable night the Oregon soldiers took the same positions, after trying to secure temporary rests. Every man was at his post, including a score who had been receiving treatment in the regimental hospital. When Gen- eral Hughes made his rounds to ascertain the arrangement of the provost guard force, he found nothing to do in the Oregon district. All were in perfect position, anxiously waiting for the visage of strife to emerge from the jumble of old buildings. Company H, at the customhouse, guarded a district adjacent to that building. Company F kept a strong guard over the palace, besides reinforcing the guards of the Twenty-third Infantry at two of the city entrances. Nothing of moment happened to any of the Oregon soldiers that night. The long firing line, circling fourteen miles around the great city, was within easy hearing distance, and awakened within the breasts of idle guards within the walls a spirit of intense eagerness. At daybreak, when the American advance commenced, in- creased vigilance was demanded of the Walled City guards. Nothing more. Opportunity was had to observe the decadence of Filipino egotism. The most intolerable insolence was nigh the bursting mark when firing commenced. The immediate occupation of every street by determined soldiers was a slight depression. Fast accumulating reports of Filipino reverses rapidly added to their discouragement. By noon, when the audacious followers of Aguinaldo had but one purpose in life — shelter from the white man's fury — Filipinos in Manila were the most forlorn, abject bipeds inhabiting the earth. The savage work of skulking blacks in the Paco district, hiding in pretendedly friendly houses and firing at the soldiers from the rear, or the ambulances with wounded soldiers and Red Cross attendants, brought upon them in the early morning severe punishment. As troops could not be spared from the front, one battalion of the Oregon regiment was asked to take charge of the district. Major Eastwick, with Companies C, G, and K, patroled all between Paco church and the hospital. Several times the men were fired upon from the huts and also from the Paco church before it was destroyed by the Wash- ington, Oregon, and Idaho soldiers. No fatalities occurred, nor were the soldiers able to locate their sneaking enemy. In 52 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. the afternoon the three companies were sent to quarters for a little rest, and Companies D and L, under Major Gantenbein, took the patrol. Natives became unusually troublesome in a remote quarter of the district, to which Major Gantenbein directed his attention. Forming a long skirmish line he con- ducted his men through the zone, driving from it all bearing arms and capturing forty-tive men who were strongly suspected of being the guilty parties, as some of them were discovered while in the act of casting tirearms into sloughs. Four or five of these natives, while attempting to escape, were shot. THE CAPTURE OF THE WATER WORKS. Monday morning following the third battalions of the Ore- gon, Tennessee, and Twenty-third Infantry regiments were ordered to be ready to march to the support of the Nebraska regiment in the contemplated assault on the water system, still held by the Filipinos. F, the fourth company of the battalion, being at the palace, was not taken. Companies C, G, and K were under way promptly at noon, thickly interspersed with numerous men from the other companies of the regiment, who were trying to get on the firing line by this means. All strag- glers were sent back despite protests. Company G was com- manded by Captain Barber, promoted to the captaincy shortly before, owing to the resignation of Captain Gadsby. Compa- nies C and K were commanded by their original captains, Moon and Worrick, respectively. Major Eastwick was assigned to the reserve in the fight that resulted in the capture of the entire water system. Lieutenant Sutton, Company G, who had just been promoted to the position, was ordered to take one platoon of his company to the firing line of the Twenty-third and Tennessee men, out on the Mariquina Road, reaching the position just in time to form in the final charge over the breast- works of the Filipinos. Next morning, Captain Barber, with the remainder of the company, joined him, after which the long march around through the Mariquina Valley was taken up. Light skirmishes continued until the command reached and destroyed Mariquina, a town of fifteen thousand inhabitants. Company G rejoined Major Eastwick on the pipe line that night. The three companies for four days guarded the district OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 53 between the pumping station and the Deposito, a distance of four miles. Several exciting incidents occurred in the light skirmishing and lonely picket duty, but without serious results. Following the installment of the Nebraska regiment at the pumping station and along the adjacent portion of the pipe line, Major Eastwick's battalion was assigned to the district between the Deposito and Manila, covering a distance of two and a half miles. Captain Barber held half of Company G in the old stone powder magazine on the north bank of the San Juan River, and the other half in stone Blockhouse No. 5, just across on the other bank. Captain Worrick divided Company K between a good position immediately south of the Mariquina Road and an eminence nearer the magazine. Captain Moon held Company C on a ridge between the Mariquina Road and the position of the Wyoming battalion, a half mile to the north. Substantial breastworks were thrown up by each of the com- panies, and daily drills had in the work of defending them. Lieutenant Murphy of Company K was assigned to the com- mand of a Hotchkiss and Gattling battery, consisting of two guns of each make, which was directed to operate with any part of the line in that vicinity needing its services. The men to work the guns were drawn from the Utah battery and the three Oregon companies. THE UPRISING IN MANILA. Not until the night of February 22d was there anything of a hostile effort inside the city to engage the provost guard. About 9 o'clock that evening fire, plainly of incendiary origin, broke out in the Santa Cruz district, first appearing in a house of ill repute in the Chinese quarter there. Spreading rapidly in the face of the ludicrous and half-hearted work of the na- tive firemen, a section three blocks in width was burned towards the center of the city. A variety of Chinese structures, besides five or six rather imposing Spanish residences, were in the path ; also one cigar factory. The arrival of the English and German fire brigades and the energetic work of the soldiers were the means of confining the fire to this district, which was bordered, leeward, by one of the numerous canals in Manila. None of the Oregon men were called upon then. 54 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Shortly after the first fire had subsided, flames began to leap from the nipa huts in the Tondo district, near where Company C of the Thirteenth Minnesota regiment was quartered. It was while making an effort to reach the scene of this fire so as to extinguish it, that shooting commenced. Soon the whole Tondo district was infested with Filipinos carrying arms. Shots were fired at passing soldiers from windows in the San Nicolas and Binondo districts. A strong body seemed to have organized in the vicinity of Paseo de Excarraga, where an effort was made to cut off the Minnesota boys. Company H of the Oregon regi- ment went to the rescue, after which the two formed along the circular boulevard, cutting off communication between the large force in Tondo and the scattering sharpshooters through- out the more central portion. Company A, Second Oregon, had been doing police duty in the Binondo district for more than a week preceding the fire. The district patrolled by it lay along the canal dividing Binondo and San Nicolas. One squad, under the immediate command of Sergeant Deich, was sta- tioned at the rear of the old market building, where the third and most menacing fire originated, when flames started up. Several Filipinos running from one housetop to another near the market were shot. Captain McDonell of Company H, see- ing the conflagration starting at the rear, sent several squads back to fight fire there and to aid in guarding the firemen from the treacherous attempts of the Filipino sharpshooters scattered thereabout. About the same time Companies I and L of the Second Oregon, the remaining two companies of the First Bat- talion, under Major Gantenbein, were also called by General Hughes to the scene. Half of each guarded the arms, while the other halves were organized into small squads to use the fire ap- paratus, which was worse than useless in the hands of natives. It was absolutely apparent by that time that the pretended amigos were either in hearty sympathy with the dastardly attempts of the insurgents to fire the city, or were so terrorized by threats of the insurgents that they were useless. In three in- stances Filipinos were discovered cutting the hose. Orders were issued to shoot any person found in such work. The Oregon boys, aided by some of the Minnesota guards, seized the fire apparatus, placed it where it would be effective, and worked OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. OO like Trojans until well into the following day. The English fire engine and another steamer of fair proportions were taken in hand, with splendid results. Had it not been for this and the heroic labor of Captain Wells, with some of his men, and squads from H and also I, under Lieutenant Campbell, the tire could not have been checked on the southwest before reaching the valuable warehouses and storerooms along the water front, among which were the government buildings containing sup- plies and clothing. A slight breeze- had sprung up from the northeast. In the path of the flames starting from the old market were swarms of Chinese and Filipinos, housed with true Oriental economy of space. As fast as their quarters ignited they were forced out on to the streets, from which they had been ordered under severe penalties. General Hughes had issued orders for everybody, save the soldiers and firemen, to be kept inside. The terror-stricken inhabitants gradually ven- tured from the burning buildings, apparently less in awe of the sweeping conflagration wrapping their homes than the white soldiers, whom they had been taught to fear as the most atro- cious of mankind. As the frightened people realized that the Americans were governed by reason they became more mol)ile and were easily conducted in an orderly manner to safe locali- ties and kept within prescribed bounds. Many sights of de- pressing distress were placed before the eyes of the soldiers that night which will never be effaced. General Hughes warmly complimented more than one of the Oregon men for efficient service. When he called upon Lieu- tenant Telfer to man the English fire engine, that officer in a few moments selected from the half of Company L under his command an engineer, a driver and hoseman, who quickly had in operation practically the only engine used that night. Light pressure was noticed in all the hydrants, thus reducing the effi- ciency of the ordinary hose. Several squads of Oregon men, under the immediate direction of General Hughes, Major Gan- tenbein, Captain Wells, and Lieutenant Campbell, however, did good work with these weak streams. In the morning all the Oregon men were relieved for much-needed rest. The com- panies remaining in the Cuartel de Espafia, as guard inside the walls, experienced no appreciable difficulties. Once or 56 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. twice little attempts at arson were forestalled in time to pre- vent damage, and extra guards vigilantly patrolled the streets. General Hughes decided to drive the insurgents, who had fortified in Tondo, out of the city or capture them. He asked Colonel Summers to send two companies that were rested, under the command of a major, who should operate with two compa- nies from the Thirteenth Minnesota, in doing this work. Major Willis was ordered to take Companies E and M, Cap- tains Davis and Poorman, respectively, and proceed to the Tondo church. There he was joined by Companies C and M, Thirteenth Minnesota. Each of the four companies had in ranks only half their men, as the other half were on guard duty. Insurgent sharpshooters, posted through the ruins of the demolished buildings in the vicinity of the church, had kept up from daybreak an accurate fire on everybody approach- ing their position. Major Willis marched the four companies out into the fire zone until the column was fired upon. Then he deployed in extended order, placing Company E on the left, Company M in the center, and Company C, Thirteenth Minne- sota, on the right. Company M of the Minnesotas was com- manded by Captain McKelvy, and Company C by Lieutenant Snow. Lieutenant Dunbar was with Company E, and Lieu- tenant Platts with Company M of the Oregon companies. With Captain McKelvy's company in reserve, the advance com- menced. Across the two streets extending almost parallel through Tondo were built stone barricades, a small stone en- closure one hundred feet square being between the two barri- cades. As soon as the line started forward a pretty hot fire was opened by the enemy, scattered advantageously in front of the main positions. Steadily these were borne backward until the full force was encountered behind the fortifications. Here the firing was hot for the number engaged. Major Willis kept a position near the center of the line and kept in touch through his adjutant. Lieutenant Brazee. By checking the center slightly and forging his two wings ahead, the major was able to catch the two barricades and stone enclosure in some- what of a flank fire, which proved too deadly for the enemy. As the Filipinos broke from their cover and commenced to retreat to the tramway station they offered excellent targets for OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 5/ the American soldiers, who utilized the opportunity with deadly accuracy. A line of eight, running alongside the little fort, were mowed down almost instantly hy the left wing, which had advanced so as to fully command the space retreated over. Those in the center also advanced rapidly about the same instant, adding to the discomfiture of the demoralized blacks. They fied rapidly toward a series of barricades beyond the tramway station, barely checking there to give a few parting shots. "Major Goodale, Twenty-third Infantry, with two companies from that regiment, arrived on the scene just as the first bar- ricades and little fort were being carried. They were able to bring down a few of the enemy on the extreme right that had taken refuge in the brush. Being the senior officer, he was tendered command of the whole force by Major Willis. After a brief halt the line was reformed, the fresh troops being placed on the left this time, and the four companies of the volunteers on the right. The latter spread over all the ground adjacent to the railroad, and moved forward until Caloocan was reached, but had no more fighting. Major Goodale, with his two com- panies, gave the remaining Filipinos a finishing touchdown in the swamp near the shore of the bay. It was evident that all were retreating in this direction, but the land forces relied upon the cooperation of some small launches under the com- mand of naval officers to intercept any fugitives trying to reach Malabon. The Tondo fight was one of the most successful from a stra- tegic point that had occurred. For the number of Americans engaged, it was a splendid success. Major Willis commanded approximately 200, and it was estimated that the insurgents had between 250 and 300. Sixty were killed on the field, fifty were taken prisoners, and the remainder succeeded in again reaching Malabon. Eighty well-armed soldiers in one band were counted while crossing the shallow lagoon between the mainland and a narrow strip of land leading to that city. Sev- eral others escaped in the same way. The American loss was trifling. Up to the arrival of the companies of the Twenty- third, no one had been mortally wounded. Two Minnesota soldiers had been lightly hit, and Private Hildebrand of Com- 58 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. pany E, Second Oregon, received a scratch on one finger. In the fight by Major Goodale one soldier was killed and another badly wounded. A distressing scene was revealed when the soldiers entered the stone enclosure used as a fort. Inside of this there were twenty dead bodies, all well armed, besides thirty adult men, probably in the ranks of the insurgents be- fore they discovered that escape was impossible, and about one hundred and fifty women and children. The fright of these abject creatures, made more heartrending by severities follow- ing an attempt of some of the men to murder one of our soldiers while engaged in caring for the Filipino wounded, was extreme. They fell upon their knees with wild lamentations, nearly smoth- ering with caresses and fondling those who approached. While a member of Company M was in the act of scaling the wall, Captain Poorman discovered a Filipino making ready to stab the soldier with a large knife. The captain quickly shot the Malay with his pistol. All of the Tondo district from the church north was fired as the fighting line advanced. The work was also pushed on through the district until Caloocan was reached, as all the residents thereabouts had been harboring the hostiles for several days while the plans for murder and arson were per- fected. A FIGHT ON THE FOURTH OF MARCH. Companies C, K, and G had an engagement with insurgents near San Juan del Monte March 4th, in which Corporal Ponath of Company G was shot through the right lobe of the lung. Sharpshooters along the water line had grown audacious, and were bothering nightly the outposts. General Hale, command- ing the brigade doing duty along the line, requested Major East- wick to make an excursion with whatever number of his men seemed necessary to clear the country. Taking the three com- panies, he marched out through the country east of the line until Cruznalis, three miles from San Juan del Monte, was reached. Here the enemy was met in force. Arranging his men for the attack and taking advantage of all available shelter, the major opened the fight with several volleys. Gradually his men worked forward until the position of the enemy became untenable. The fighting lasted until evening, covering a period of five hours. Considerable loss was sustained by the Filipinos, orf:gon volunteers in Spanish war. 59 the exact number being unknown. The Oregon men escaped with rare good .fortune, as their onh' wounded man, Cor})oral Ponath, recovered. Quiet reigned along the water line then until March 5th. Again sharpshooters became so harassing that aggressive movements were planned against them. Company B, First Nebraska, had an outpost on the Mariquina Road about three miles from the junction defended by the Oregon men. Cap- tain Moon was sent out there March 5th with twenty-four men to clear the woods. The captain at the outposts directed him to the village where the most activity had been noticed during the past week. Captain Moon advanced against it in skirmish order. Suspecting an ambush, if he entered along the ordi- nary route, he wheeled before reaching it and took the village at right angles to the road. Everything within was quiet as the dead, so still, in fact, that, in view of the presence of inhab- itants so shortly before, it was suspicious. Just as the little line was emerging from a thin fringe of trees into the road, a terrible fire was opened on it. The Filipinos had a strong bar- ricade across the street farther down and had dispersed troops back along either side, so that when this was encountered, a heavy ambush fire from both fianks could be directed upon troops occupying the road. The direction of the Americans' entrance had driven them from one side and from the barri- cade, but they still held the line of trenches on the other side. Taking advantage of trees and a hedge, the men under Captain Moon returned the overpowering fire with vigor. For over an hour this exchange continued until the Filipinos undertook a flank movement. The captain then hurriedly retreated over a little ridge, where he remained until reenforced by Company B of the Nebraska regiment and two other companies taken to the rescue by Major Eastwick. Captain Moon's men again advanced to their former position, engaging the enemy until two of the Nebraska companies had worked around behind the entrenched Filipinos. The enemy was then quickly routed with rather heavy loss. Captain Worrick with Company K had also been sent out to help, and fortunately came in a direction that brought him upon the rear of the Filipinos just as they had made another stand. When fired upon the second time 60 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. from the rear they fled panic-stricken. Captain Worrick later took twenty men and dislodged a lot of sharpshooters that had gathered a little over a mile north of the Deposito. He had a brief engagement, in which his men saw several victims of their excellent shooting, which terminated in the rout of the enemy again. Another move on the Mariquina Road was made March 6th by Captain Barber, aided by Lieutenant Murphy commanding one Hotchkiss gun. The captain's men did not discover the enemy until close upon an outpost in light trenches. The greeting was a few Mauser volleys at very close range, which were fortunately without serious results to the Americans. After arranging his men to meet these sharpshooters, a rapid advance was commenced that bore the outpost back on the main body. The Filipinos had, a commanding position on a ridge beyond the range of the Springfields. Company K, under Captain Worrick, was sent to the aid of Company G. Lieutenant Murphy got his Hotchkiss in play, with apparent effect on the Filipinos. They had begun to shrink from the accurate fire, when the Hotchkiss broke down, so that it had to be taken from the field as useless. The two companies then made a general forward movement that culminated in defeat for their foes after eight hours of successive fighting. Privates Eide and Stanton of Company G, who had been detailed with one of the Catling guns, tried to join the command during the fighting and were both wounded. After resting a day Companies G and K moved against Mari- quina Village, dispersing all opposition in that vicinity and burning what remained of that populous place. Mariquina is situated in the Mariquina Valley, two miles above where the pumping station marks the beginning of the water system of Manila. It had been in the hands of the American soldiers before, but not destroyed, as several natives working on the water system lived there, and it had become such a refuge for the hostile bands that its destruction was decided upon. WITH WHEATON's flying COLUMN. Provost guard duty for the Second Oregon Regiment ended March 12th, a day of rejoicing for the tired, impatient men, who OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 61 had been hard at work since August 13, 1898. When the news was brought that the regiment, as a whole, had been ordered out, and the Cuartel de Espana was to be left forever, men went about their duties with sprightly step. Colonel Summers sup- posed when he first received information that he was to take the field that all of his companies would be relieved from other duties and assembled. When the order was issued it only provided that seven should act with him in the flying brigade, organized under General Wheaton, to operate upthe Pasig. At the last moment this number was cut down by one by General Hughes ordering that Company A should not leave patrol duty in the Binondo. Colonel Summers, therefore, marched out to San Pedro Macati on the afternoon of March 12th with Com- panies B, D, E, I, L, and M. After such a long period in quarters it was expected that the Oregon men would be slow to get started. The contrary was evident. The command was under way at precisely the appointed hour, receiving quite an ovation from the battalion of the Seventeenth Infantry that had been sent to occupy the old quarters. General Wheaton 's brigade camped a short distance beyond the church at San Pedro Macati, taking advantage of an ele- vated turnpike running almost parallel with the trenches that had been erected by the American troops during the lull in fighting. A heavy shower that made camping disagreeable did not dampen the ardor of the fighting men. By daylight the following morning the long line was forming behind the American trenches, which they were soon to leave to the rear in the charge. Insurgents were strongly fortified near the river at the old Guadalupe church and in the rough country thereabout. The plan of battle was to hold the left of the line facing this district stationary until the right swung around on the flank of this position, when the pivot should charge. The Washington Volunteers were assigned to the extreme left, which was supported by the Laguna de Bay on the Pasig; the Oregon men joined the right, and were joined on the right by the Twentieth Infantry, while the Twenty-second Infantry was given the right wing, supported by two troops of the Fourth Cavalry. Washington and Oregon, holding the pivot of the movement, and being confronted by the very formidable works 62 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. in the rough district around Guadalupe, were expected to experience the hard fighting. Shortly after the break of day the advancing right met resistance of a light order. The Krag volleys were distinct to both sides at Guadalupe. Then the Laguna de Bay and two guns of the Sixth Artillery opened on the trenches in front of the left. Between the rattle of the rapid-fire and machine guns on the boat and the heavier ord- nance, the neighboring hills reverberated with a startling roar. The bombardment was too much for the native soldiers. Their fire, that commenced rather briskly as the Oregon regiment passed over the intrenchments into the open field, slackened quickly. Colonel Summers had formed his line behind the old ceme- tery, through which ran the line of trenches, terminating at the river in San Pedro Macati. Major Gantenbein commanded the First Battalion on the right, and Major Willis the Second Battalion on the left. Not a shot had been fired as the troops passed over the Washington entrenchments into the open that had been swept by bullets for many m onths. The line had barely straightened out after winding over the wall before Mausers began to pelt through it. Quickly getting all into position, the men were ordered to lie down, which position the}' retained during the brief bombardment immediately following. The Colonel's orders were to join the left of the Twentieth, which was supposed to move but little, pursuant to the flanking plan of the day. It soon became evident that a miscalculation had been made as to the space to be covered, and also that the com- mander of the Twentieth was little observing the generally understood purposes. The left of that regiment extended across the ground intended for the Oregon men, reaching nearly as far as should the left of the latter, and as soon as the Filipinos weakened under the bombardment, the Twentieth moved promptly forward, bearing all in front of the left as fast, if not faster, than the right of the line could move. Then Colonel WhoUey, of the First Washington, decided to charge. He passed over the Oregon's right, which was endeavoring to keep in touch with the Twentieth's left, and charged up a hill in front of Guadalupe, only to find when he reached the top that the encroaching left of the Twentieth was squarely in the front OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 63 of his right. Owing to the jam caused by these conditions, Colonel Summers had taken Major Willis' battalion off the line, holding it in reserve, and later reported to General Wheaton that his command had been crowded out altogether. The General complimented the Colonel for the faithfulness with which his instructions had been carried out, and ordered him to march down to the river road, where he should await instruc- tions before advancing. Later in the afternoon the brigade proceeded up the Pasig, with but trifling resistance, in the order of the day's formation — the Twenty-second covering the foot- hills and in front, followed by the Twentieth, Oregon, and Washington. That night the Oregon companies camped at a village called Malapat na Bato, about three miles east of Guada- lupe. Next morning, March 14th, the whole column got under way again, the wagon trains being between the Oregon and Washing- ton regiments. As the heavily laden bull-carts started around a small point in the river just above the Oregon camp, a num- ber of insurgent sharpshooters posted across the Pasig both on the mainland and the first island of the Pasig delta directed an accurate Mauser fire into the column at long range. One bull was struck in the neck and two or three men were grazed, but none seriously wounded. Sharpshooters were thrown out along the river bank, and also formed on the crest of a little hill, from which positions the fire was returned for several minutes with spirit. The members of the Twentieth were soon called forward to a point above where they could reach the sharp- shooters menacing the wagon-train, leaving only Springfields to drive them out. The range varied from 1,000 to 2000 yards, an effective distance for Mausers, but beyond the reach of the old, large-calibre Springfield. However, a skirmish line returned the fire. Colonel Summers asked the General that he be given transportation for a couple of companies to cross the Pasig so they could advance to the shore of the narrow branch on the other side of the island, thus driving all from the mainland and enabling the men to approach those on the island to within easy range. After much delay a launch was placed at his disposal for this purpose, and Companies E and I 64 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. were taken over to the north bank, under command of Major Willis, and accompanied b}^ the Colonel and his staff. Forming in the brush covering the rough hillside, the two companies pushed forward without resistance until they came to the edge of a low, level bottom bordering the narrow branch of the river. From the brow of the hill an effective fire was opened on the remaining sharpshooters in the flat. These were quickly driven out. Under the fire of half of Company I, left on the hill, Company E and the remainder of I, charged down through the cornfields of the flats right to the edge of the water. As soon as the line emerged from the foliage the insurgents in trenches across the river opened a heavy fire. This was replied to with such spirit that the Filipinos left that part of their position moving up stream. The other half of Company I having joined, the command was given "by the left flank," until opposite the Filipinos again, when the first ex- perience was repeated. By this method the Colonel pushed the insurgents back until he thought there would be no difficulty encountered by the wagon-train and then withdrew down the river to the point where the companies had crossed that morn- ing, taking Private Olsen of Company E and Private Dodson of Company F, both wounded in the feet. While this attack was in progress, Lieutenant Colonel Yoran and Major Gantenbein attempted to move the train past the danger point. More of the insurgents got into position on the island at places where they were not exposed to the fire of the two companies on the other mainland, and gave the train sev- eral heavy volleys. Private Carden of Company D was shot through the body. A considerable distance fully commanded by the enemy was in front, and it was not deemed advisable to make further attempts to pass the wagon-train until the danger had been reduced. The command occupied again the camp of the night previous. Companies D and M, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Yoran, relieved three companies of the Washington Volunteers as wagon-train guard next morning. Major Gantenbein, com- manding B and L, took a position on the right bank of the Pasig at such an elevation that a fire could be directed into the town of Pasig, which was to be assaulted that day. Companies OREGON V0LUNTEF:RS in SPANISH WAR. 65 E and I, under Major Willis, again crossed the river to the position they fought on the day previous. When the Twen/- tieth and Twenty-second charged into Pasig the four companies under Major Gantenbein and Major Willis opened fire. Major Willis pushed his command up the branch of the river until he was one and one half miles above Pasig City, and in a posi- tion for an effective flank fire on the insurgents fighting the two regiments in their front. Excellent work was accom- plished. Just how many Filipinos were killed could not be ascertained, but evidence existed that the number was large. Private Oesch of Company E was slightly wounded in the thigh, that being the only casualty in the Oregon regiment. March 18th, the camp of the regiment was shifted a mile and a half farther up the river, from which Companies B, D, E, I, and L, under command of Colonel Summers and Majors Gantenbein and Willis, started early the following morning on the longest march of the Philippine campaign. General Wheaton decided to sweep the whole country through to the shore of the lake. The five Oregon companies formed the center, with the Wash- ington regiment on the left and the Twenty-second on the right. From 6 a. m. to 11 a. m. this line swept steadily for- ward, clearing every district where any opposition was found. The Filipinos fought from vantage points, only to feel them- selves borne back in every quarter. Until the line halted at 11 A. M. there had been almost constant fighting, increasing to much severity in some positions. Private Page, Company D, was killed, and Corporal Bowne was wounded in the left thigh. Tired, footsore, and hungry, the members of the Second Ore- gon reached their old camp at Malapat na Bato late that after- noon, completing a march of at least twenty miles, and by some said to be thirty. With the usual fighting ammunition, a day's rations and ordinary equipage, including a haversack heavily bobbing against the legs, and the long Springfield bayonet, diversifying the time by tripping the bearer, a march of twenty-five miles in the hot season of Luzon is no small achievement. On the evening of the 19th Company A, Captain Heath, joined the regiment at its camp. The company had been ordered to start when the regiment first joined the flying brigade, but bb OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. was held, to the bitter disappointment of its members, until the 19th. The same sentiment of disappointment, unsweet- ened by any argument that could be produced, weighed heavily on every Oregon man left on provost guard duty Avhen his regiment took the field. Besides Company A in Binondo, Company F was at the palace and Company H at the custom- house. No event in the regiment's history produced thoughts so much akin to insubordination as did this apparently unjust course of still holding a part of the regiment to the nagging guard duty faithfully performed for six months. To the credit of the Oregon regiment, however, it may be said that duty with the disappointed was never slighted, for they had confidence that their company commanders, as well as the Colonel, would wrench them from the iron grasp of the provost marshal gen- eral as soon as possible. THE MALOLOS CAMPAIGN. In view of the Malolos campaign, then being planned, all troops were eager to get into one of the brigades intended for that work. Oregon was ordered from the Pasig March 20th, and camped on the Reina Christina drive, between the Walled City and the bay. There the command was joined by Major Eastwick, with Companies C, G, and K from the water system, and Company F from the palace, March 22d. Great comfort was taken from the fact that the regiment was again to be in General Wheaton's brigade. It at least insured a fighting posi- tion, for that general had demonstrated his fighting capacity. Orders were received to march out to Caloocan on the 24th, where General Wheaton's brigade was to rendezvous. The old churoli was reached by the regiment before noon. From that hour until after twilight the men rested and prepared for what they were told would be a hard day's work on the morrow. When night had settled down so that the movement of men was discernible by the watchful enemy only a short distance beyond the trenches, held by the Twentieth Kansas, the work of moving that command out and putting the Oregons in com- menced. Silently one section filed from the high breastworks, and as silently a corresponding section would march in. So accurately did the Filipinos shoot over the range where they OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 67 had practiced for more than a month, and so close had they pushed their lines, that this change would have been accom- plished with much difficulty had it not been done without cre- ating any suspicion. As it was there were occasional shots to give the dusky figures flitting through the gloom an admoni- tion that danger lurked near. When the Oregon regiment had securely settled down the officers exhorted the men to get as much sleep and rest as possible. The outposts, sent a few yards beyond the trenches on ground the boys had never seen before, found the well calculated volleys fired occasionally by the Filipinos for their benefit rather terrifying. The Filipinos had studied the exact locations where outposts were stationed, and had placed their guns in daylight so they could sweep the ground. Beyond these stirring little incidents the regiment destined to fight the hardest battle of the Filipino campaign rested fairly well the night before the great day. At Malabon, another flank movement on the Filipinos had been planned, largely of the same character of that attempted at San Pedro Macati. General Wheaton's brigade, consisting of the Second Oregon, Twenty-second Infantry, and Third Infantry, was to constitute the pivot, resting on the shallow channel separating Malabon from the mainland. The right of the long line rested on the water system, ten miles distant, the First Colorado Regiment being the extreme wing. Between that command and the Second Oregon at Malabon were the Thirteenth Minnesota, First Nebraska, Fifty-first Iowa, Twen- tieth Kansas, Third Heavy Artillery, First South Dakota, Twenty-second Infantry, and Third Infantry. It had been cal- culated that the rough territory covered by the extreme right and center would require nearly a day, at the end of which time some of the above regiments at least would be on the flank and well to the rear of Malabon. Accordingly the officers of the Second Oregon understood that the left would not move forward until late in the afternoon of March 25th, or even possibly until the following morning. The soldiers had not filled their canteens in the morning, thinking it better to wait until the afternoon, so that water would be cooler and fresher. They were idly lounging in the secure trenches, about 8:30 A. M., when word was passed down the line that a charge was 68 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. to be made immediately. Hastily strapping on their equip- ments and arranging for such an event, the men of the Second Oregon commenced their part of the Malabon fight a few min- utes later b}^ firing a couple of volleys at the enemy's trenches in front. Then came the command, "Over the trenches !" The regiment at that moment was arrayed in the usual order. The First Battalion on the right was commanded by Major Willis, in the absence of Major Gantenbein, who had been ap- pointed by General Otis a member of the Claims Commission then in session, and from which he could not be relieved for the Malolos campaign. Company B, Captain May, held the right of the battalion, Company E, Captain Davis, the left, Company I, Lieutenant Phillips, the right center, and Com- pany M, Captain Poorman, the left center. In command of the Second Battalion, stationed in the center, was Major East- wick, Company C, Captain Moon, held the right of the battalion, Company F, Captain Case, the left. Company K, Captain Wor- rick, the right center, and Company G, Captain Barber, the left center. The Third Battalion, on the extreme left, was com- manded by Captain Heath, acting major, he being senior cap- tain of the regiment. Company D, Captain Prescott, held the right of the battalion. Company L, Captain Wells, the left, and Company A, Lieutenant Kelly, the center. All knew that the country in front of the trenches held by the Oregon men was strongly fortified. During the long period of the Twentieth Kansas there the Filipinos had been dili- gently digging trenches, taking advantage of every elevation, every hedge or covering. Some of the trenches, particularly what appeared to be the main line, supported by a blockhouse, were seen to be unusually large and formidable, and it seemed a waste to throw troops against them from the front until the place had been well shelled. However, the movement on the right, if carried forward as planned, would have brought sol- diers up on the flank and to the rear of these elaborate fortifi- cations, making them absolutely untenable without the neces- sity of more than a light struggle. In addition to the tangle of difficulties immediately in front there were numerous posi- tions over on the island where Malabon was situated, just a OREGON V0LUNTP:ERS in SPANISH WAR. 69 convenient range for Mausers, but beyond the range of Spring- fields, from which a deadly flank fire could be directed. Sharpshooters on the other side of this narrow neck of water could deliver a flank fire before the Kansas trenches were left, and each step forward brought the line into greater disad- vantages until it was not only enfiladed but shot at almost from the rear. One or two pieces of artillery, properly placed, could have easily driven these sharpshooters from their posi- tions and saved the Oregon men from the fiercest of all fires. -Shortly before 8:30 o'clock a. m. a couple of guns on the hill back of the trenches opened fire on the Filipino ditches in front. The wooden blockhouse was the first target, from which the insurgents fled as soon as they realized that it was being fired upon. The soldiers could be seen to scatter to the right and left into the deep ditches near by. As these localities were shelled lightly, they would scamper back towards the block- house, or some other seemingly safe position. As soon as the Oregon line showed over its trenches for the charge, the Fili- pinos could be seen running from several directions to get back into their positions, safe then, as the artillery ceased. Such were the foreboding conditions. No time was given for the right to swing around, no effort was made to use artil- lery. At 8:30 o'clock a. m. Colonel Summers received his orders to charge the enemy. He did. not hesitate a moment. His men were ready in less time that it takes to tell it. They fired two volleys and clambered over into the open field. About fifty yards from the trench the line knelt and fired a few mo- ments at will. The fire of the enemy by this time had begun with full force. From Malabon and from the inscrutable for- tifications in front Mauser and Remington bullets poured into the advancing line. A few of the boys fell in this space. But little time was lost in halts. Advancing by rushes and then stopping to shoot only long enough for the men to regain their breath, was the order. The first Filipino trenches were not over two hundred yards distant when the charge commenced. These were soon approached so closely that the blacks tumbled out and sneaked into the next. But few of the enemy were caught there, as their retreat was well protected and but little stand was made, probably due to the knowledge that a more des- 70 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. perate stand of greater numbers would be made a little farther back. With these difficulties the right of the line grappled quite successfully, hardly halting in the onward movement. Down on the left greater obstacles, multiplied by the lack of knowledge of the situation, were to be overcome. There the Malabon fire told most heavily, and marshy land with few ac- cessible roads, completed a tangle that only the most deter- mined American spirit was equal to. A short distance from the starting point Captain Wells, commanding the extreme wing, found his way led through a tremendous bog. Through this, obliquely to the line of advance, lay the road to Malabon. By the time his men reached the road, footing on either side was nearly impossible to find. Taking one section he got on the road and started forward, but was met with such a deadly fire that the attempt was abandoned. Five of his men fell almost at the same instant. Only four or five remained unin- jured out of the entire platoon when he finally succeeded in getting the wounded back again where he could rejoin the line, the captain himself bearing a bullet mark across the abdomen. The left had also by this time become exposed to a heavy fire from a trench constructed in the marsh on the mainland. The line was passing it, which enabled the occupants to enfilade the Oregons at close range. A stubborn charge carried this with light loss. The center of the line was exposed about as much as the left, but had better ground to walk on. Once a slough that reached to the middle of the men had to be forded, which left their feet and legs wet, foul, and heavy. Closely following the first line of trenches came a second,- about equal in strength and well shielded by bushes and trees. Over this the boys went without pausing to observe the extent of their conquest. Besides these more distant lines were numerous rifle-pits and fortifications of a minor order, each well stocked with Filipino soldiers and each equally difficult to discover and capture. Along in the late morning the outlines of the massive entrenchments, which surpassed all others and which marked the end of organized opposition to the regiment that day, hove in sight. This line was near the banks of the Tulia- han River, east of Malabon. Engineering skill far in advance of any ever possessed by the Filipinos had directed the con- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 71 struction, both for the resistance of infantry and as a protection against shrapnel or round shot. A massive bank from fifteen to forty feet thick had been thrown up in front, an abrupt edge on the side used by the Filipinos being secured by the use of bamboo wickerwork. Through the bank at regular intervals had been cut portholes, held in shape by bamboo and protected at the outer end by stones, arranged to give assailants' bullets a turn into the bank unless they struck exactly the center of the little opening. These portholes and the ditch had been covered over with bamboo structures, on which had been heaped from one to three feet of earth, making them shrapnel proof. Artil- lery could have made poor headway there. As soon as the Oregon soldiers rushed on to this veritable tunnel no one was visible. Bullets came whistling from it with terrible frequency, and if the little portholes were closely examined, there could be seen thin puffs of vapor. The soldiers never faltered in front of this new form of danger. They were accustomed to push steadily forward wherever there were Filipinos to be faced. A rousing American cheer soon announced that the boys had climbed to the top and were digging the moles out from be- neath. Many of the Americans fell while crossing the space immediately in front of the ditch. When the top had been gained, it was their time to reverse the destructive weapon. The Filipinos stood their ground so tenaciously that when at last the soldiers were upon them, and death must result from any further delay, they could not make an exit with the same sly deftness that protected them while leaving the other ditches. The soldiers shot many of them, either as they were getting out of the fortifications or endeavoring to find shelter in the brush and ruins in the narrow strip between there and the river. But the pursuit did not stop there. A pretty fair protection for the enemy was found in the ruins of an old church a short distance on. Through these the soldiers hurried, knocking over every Filipino that was seen dodging around the great blocks of stone and concrete. Often the pursued would rise only a few feet distant from the Americans, fire his gun squarely in their faces, and coolly meet the swift death that followed. A few of the boys had exceedingly narrow escapes in experiences of this character. The soldiers never checked until the river rl OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. had been reached. Here the Colonel was hastily approached by an orderly from General Wheaton with orders to halt. The General had watched the advance closely throughout the day. His spirits rose higher as he saw the line plunge on and on. When the required ground had been covered he turned to his aides with a request for an orderly. Not finding one at hand, he became impatient and called, "Get an orderly here, quick, to catch those Oregonians, or they will be out of the country before we can stop them." STUBBORN FIGHTING AT MALABON. Malabon field presented difficulties found on no other field during this campaign. The Twenty-second Infantry, on Ore- gon's right, had comparatively light work. The long fighting line of that day met stubborn resistance, particularly at San Francisco del Monte and in the vicinity of La Loma church, but nowhere was there such a union of resistance with artificial and natural difficulties as in front of the Oregon soldiers on the left. That regiment, in number killed and wounded, forti- fications captured, speed of work and fearlessness of execution, made the most remarkable fight of the campaign. The German Consul in Manila visited the field two days later, investigating the cause of the accidental death of Prince Loewenstein. When he looked at the formidable works from which the Filipinos had been driven by infantry, he asked what troops did the work. Being informed that it was the Second Oregon Volunteers, he simply said, "I take off my hat to the American volunteer." That is the tribute of a skeptical, prejudiced authority. The Second Oregon does not need to refer to the volume of praise, welling from all quarters, to estab- lish its title to the noble qualities of American soldiers. On the field of Malabon there was not the opportunity for individual daring. The whole line swept steadily onward, needing only command to go slower, halt and fight from cover. No one could distance his comrades, because these comrades strove with all human energy to keep in the front. The Colonel remained largely with the right and center, from which positions he commanded the entire line. Lieutenant Colonel Yoran was more with the left of the line. Each of the majors "^^. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 78 vied with the other in keeping the battalions fully abreast. With rare exceptions captains led the way into difficulties, not because the men hesitated, but because they were told to follow. Particular mention was often made by the American papers published in Manila of the hospital work of the Oregon detach- ment at Malabon. Major Ellis established his field hospital in the Caloocan railroad station, with an additional receiving tent immediately behind the Kansas trenches, which, though dan- gerous to the major, his assistants and the attendants, was easily reached. When the line moved forward temporary stations were established closely behind, where Captain Brosius, Lieu- tenant Anderson, and Steward Byars gave hasty dressing be- fore the wounded were taken back to the receiving tent. In all portions there was much danger. Filipino sharpshooters, stationed with the willful purpose of shooting the wounded and hospital workers, kept up a constant fire wherever there was the sign of a Red Cross. Private Clark of Company A was taken to the tent with a slight wound in the arm, and was mor- tally wounded again while being lifted from the stretcher by Attendant Bollam to be dressed. Others receiving attention or working there had close calls for life. Contract Surgeon De Mays, attached to the regiment, and one of the surgeons from Admiral Dewey's flagship Olympia, who kindly volunteered, aided in the Oregons receiving a tent, where several wounded and exhausted regulars from the Twenty-second Infantry and the Third Infantry were also treated. CASUALTIES IN THE REGIMENT. Five Oregonians were killed outright on the field, and four died later in the hospital, two of the number expiring before midnight on the day of the battle. Those killed on the field were: Bert J. Clark, Company A, shot in the arm and back; William A. Cook, Company D, shot through the neck ; Guy Millard, Company L, shot in the abdomen ; L. V. Strawder- man. Company L, shot in the stomach; H. B. Taylor, Com- pany L, shot in the chest; Herman P. Adams, Company B, wounded below the heart, died that night; Charles R. Rupart, Company L, wounded in the right leg, and died late that after- noon from hemorrhage. He was too weak for an operation 74 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. when carried to the surgery, and received only temporary aid. Bert B. Chandler, Company C, wounded in the head, lived until April 15th, when he died. George Eichhamer, Company G, was wounded in the abdomen, the ball passing through the liver. He died April 20th from an abscess on the liver, caused by the wound. The wounded were as follows : Company A — George C. Snyder, upper right chest ; Frank H. Thompson, head; William B. Ungerman, scrotum and thigh. Company B — William J. Armitage, arm. Company C — Elvin J. Crawford, head; Earl Mount, right arm ; Elmer 0. Roberts, right side ; James E. Snodgrass, right knee. Company D — First Sergeant James West, right hand and left leg; Sergeant A. Lee Morelock, left foot; J. C. Headlee, right arm and upper chest ; W. E. Searcy, through both but- tocks ; Asa L. Roberts, left ankle. Compariy E — Lieutenant A. J. Brazee, adjutant First Bat- talion, left arm ; John E. Davis, left shoulder ; Jacob N. Smith, head. Company F — Charles Buedy, head. Company G — Sergeant Charles A. Marcy, right side ; Albert H. Jordon, both legs; Eugene Sampson, right arm; George W. Spicer, upper jaw. Company I — Corporal Rudolph Gantenbein, right knee. Company K — Ray L. Antrim, left leg; Emmet L. Jones, back; John Janzen,back; William P. Schwartz, left shoulder. Company L — Captain Harry L. Wells, abdomen; Sergeant W. W. Wilson, right hand; Guy N. Sanders, right arm and neck; C. E. Sanders, left leg; W. T. Allen, thigh; B. F. Dun- seth, right foot; John A. Bailey, right arm and hand; Frank E. Adams, right side. Company M — Corporal Brady F.Burnett, right shoulder; Corporal L. G. Holland, left shoulder and arm ; John H. Blosser, face; Emmet Casper, right foot; A. J. Califf, right arm. Edward Colgan, quartermaster sergeant of Company K, was wounded in the right leg by a piece of bursting shell. Edward Jaques, Company M, was wounded in the left hand by a rifle exploding. Gordon A. Peel, orginally a private in the Oregon OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 75 regiment, and then a member of the Hospital Corps, U. S. A., attached to the regiment, was wounded in the left hand and left cheek. Peter West, also an Oregon man, but then a mem- ber of the regular Hospital Corps, was shot through the head while driving an ambulance wagon to receive the Oregon wounded. When the Oregon line reached the bank of the Tuliahan River, on the afternoon of March 25th, it was discovered that the Filipinos had earthworks on the opposite side, where they could command the bridge and crossings. It was the opinion of many that the bridge could be passed without much loss, but orders were to hold the south bank for the night. A pretty strong fire was still coming from Malabon and the brush gen- erally. Wherever possible to reach the enemy with Spring- fields, companies were placed in position to return the fire, and some effect was noticed at 1,000-yard ranges. The sol- diers, with bayonets and other improvised tools, commenced to erect earthworks for the night. Behind these the tired men found no trouble in sleeping, despite the intermittent hostilities of the enemy. A small squad from Company E advanced across the broken span of the stone bridge manifesting much coolness in the venture. They had barely secured a position, to be held as an outpost, when they heard the stealthy tread of a Filipino outpost approaching for the same purpose. The last arrivals were given a volley that killed four of their num- ber and sent the remainder back in hasty retreat. With the dawn of morning the regiment was again under way. As the advance of the previous day brought the line more and more under the deadly fire from the left, the Colonel disposed the troops so as to partly face that direction to reply, and when the halt was made at night the entire regiment occupied positions opposing Malabon, the First Battalion on the right, reaching the stone bridge opposite Tinajeros, and the left occupying advantageous points nearer the point started from on the morning of the 25th. During the night of the 25th the Filipinos all along this front withdrew, so that the Oregon men had to develop their foe again before beginning the fight. A scouting party of eight men from Company A, under Sergeant Deich, and three men under Sergeant Bartell 76 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. of Company L, crossed the stretch of shallow water in front of the left into Malabon proper. These men pushed forward until they had penetrated the center of the city, passing in the mean time evidence of hasty entrenchments thrown up during the night. B}^ the time the big stone church was reached flames had burst forth from various quarters, particularly about the business section, and the church itself had begun to smoke. The two squads tried to extinguish these at the risk of being surrounded by insurgents, who they knew could not be distant. Sergeant Deich, becoming separated from the other men, en- countered an insurgent officer and two soldiers, apparently engaged in plying the torch. One of these was shot and the other two fled. An Englishman named Bates, interested in a large sugar refinery in Malabon, who had been inside the city during the whole trouble, informed the soldiers that three thousand insurgents had hastily retreated from the city when the scouting party approached, believing it was the vanguard of the regiment entering the city. These troops fled across to the mainland on the north side, being slightly exposed to the shells of the fleet then firing into such positions as seemed to be occupied by the armed Filipinos. The scouting parties finally withdrew and joined the regiment at Malinta. The regiment crossed the Tuliahan in front of the village of Tinajeros, the broken span of the stone bridge being supplanted by a wooden structure. Slight opposition was found soon after reaching the other bank. At 11 a. m. the First and Second Battalions, under Majors Willis and Eastwick, respectively, with the Third Battalion, under Captain Heath, in support, advanced in skirmish order against a district a short distance south of Polo, which was known to be entrenched. The road leading from Polo forked at the point where the regiment deployed. The First Battalion, composed of Companies B, M, E, and I, advanced straight ahead, and directed their attention to a fire from the right front coming across a slough. Major Eastwick, with Companies C, F, G, and K, was ordered to oppose the fire from a marsh and the bushes on the left. He deployed his men and started forward, but found the marsh impassable for a line of infantry and assembled again into column of fours, in order to pass through the wet land where he could reach the OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. i i enemy. While marching up an open glade, ridged as usual with rice fields, a furious fire from the front and left was poured into the column. Everybody lay down instantly, and then by rushes, Companies C, G, and K were deployed to respond, while Company F was held in support. Getting into position on this bullet-swept space tested the nerve of the officers and soldiers most thoroughly, but was accomplished without more than two men being wounded. Advances by rushes against the trenches in front and heavy volley firing by the Second Battalion, and also by Companies A, D, and L, under Captain Heath, which came up, quieted the enemy. Companies B and M had great difficulties to overcome, par- ticularly B, which was advancing in an open sjjace, absolutely without protection, against most formidable blind entrench- ments. Company M had the shelter of low bushes that made its work less hazardous. At no time during the war, probably, Avas there a heavier fire than Company B, under Captain May, faced before it rushed the Filipinos from their position. A circular trench, rather to the left, a longer straight ditch imme- diately in front, and the bushes off to the right, where com- panies E and I were engaged, all had their deadly fire, and in the half-hour required for Company B to gain the position it was certainly most marvelous that not a man was killed. A few of the boys had holes through their clothing and hats, and some of those in support at the rear were wounded. One Hotchkiss gun, in charge of a corporal from the Utah Light Artillery and manned by eight Oregon men, was an especial object for insurgent bullets. The gun came up for position, but could not be used, owing to the line in front. Leo B. Grace of Company A was wounded while attending it. MORE MEN W^OUNDED. The Oregon wounded were: Leo B. Grace, Company A, wounded in the neck ; Frank Woodruff, Company C, wounded in the left heel ; Richard E. Brickdale, Company F, wounded in the left leg; E. C. Thornton, Company G, wounded in left hand ; Corporal Frank E. Edwards, Company M, wounded through both legs, and Daniel C. Bowman, Company D, injured in hand by accidental discharge of rifle. 78 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. When these trenches were captured Polo was in sight, and off to the right could be seen the North Dakota and Montana regiments charging the insurgent lines. If the Oregon men had been permitted to go on they would have been able to capture Polo long before any other troops arrived, and the regiment's position where it was, which was practically behind Malinta, was sufficient to enforce the evacuation of that city, then being attacked from the other side. Colonel Summers received orders to retire to Malinta, which were obeyed. Then there was no resistance in front of the command. A SAD ACCIDENT. A most unfortunate incident of the day was the death of the German Prince, Loewenstein Wertheim, in a small hut in the course of Company M's charge. The Prince had been repeat- edly warned that day, by both Colonel Summers and Lieuten- ant Colonel Yoran, not to venture beyond the firing line, and also that if he did so it would be at his own risk. Contrary to these instructions he and a comrade named Niggle had gone ahead and were in this little hut in the brush when a squad of Company M, during the charge, approached. Instead of making his presence known in the ordinary way he called out in Filipino. The boys, thinking some of the treacherous enemy occupied the hut, riddled it with bullets, one of which pierced Loewenstein's abdomen, and the other the arm of Niggle. Despite all prompt medical attention the Prince died soon after. At Malinta the regiment remained for some time. On the 27th of March the Third Battalion, consisting of Companies A, D, and L, went back to Caloocan to guard that district and furnish guards for the train being operated on the Manila and Dagupan track. The following day. Companies D and E were sent into Malabon to act as a provost guard of that city, and Company M took Company D's place at Caloocan. A portion of Company L was stationed in Tondo, and the remainder at La Loma church — Blockhouse No. 2. AN EXCURSION TO OBANDO. On the 28th Major Willis, commanding Company I, under Captain Phillips, and a platoon of Company B, under Captain OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 79 May, made a long excursion to the north and east, passing through Polo and on to Obando, near the shore of the bay. Returning the command came through Malabon, entering from the north and found some large buildings there still burning. On the same day Major Eastwick, commanding Company C, Captain Moon, and a platoon of Company G, Lieutenant Sutton, made an excursion to the east, a distance of two or three miles, and returned through Polo, capturing during the nuirch three natives armed with knives. Again on the 29th Major Willis, commanding Companies B and I, penetrated five miles to the northeast without discovering the enemy in an organized body, but succeeded in capturing eleven prisoners. April 1st Major Eastwick, in command of one hundred men, selected from Com- panies C, G, and K, went out east over five miles scouting, when the flankers were opened on by about forty insurgents. After a brief skirmish the Filipinos were dispersed, with slight loss. There was no loss in the major's command. April 4th Com- pany L returned to Caloocan, and on the 5th Companies A, L, and M moved on the train to Marilao. Company F had been placed at Meycauayan on the railroad track. On the 6th Com- panies D and E left Malabon and joined the regiment at Ma- linta, the next. day moving further north to Bocaue. Major Willis on the 7th, with Companies B and I, marched northeast until Novaliches was reached. During the trip insurgent bugle calls and shots were heard, but no enemy developed. On the same day Captain Wells left Marilao with fifty men and ad- vanced to within a short distance of Santa Maria, where a few shots were exchanged with the insurgent outposts in front of that city. The little command withdrew without casualties. Major Eastwick again on the 8th marched to the northwest with seventy-five men from Companies C, G, and K, as far as Obando without finding the enemy. Four men under Sergeant Deich of Company A scouted clear around Santa Maria, on the 10th, for the purpose of discovering the nature of the fortifica- tions there. They approached near from behind, but were driven back by the insurgents. The same day. Lieutenant Telfer, with twelve men of Company L, made a scout three miles to the east and encountered the enemy. The Oregon men had during this period been simj)ly guard- 80 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ing the railroad track from Malinta as far north as Bocaue. The American line on the north had, in the mean time, been pushed on to Malolos, which was taken by General McArthur's division, and the railroad had been operated that far. Patrols were kept up nightl}'' between the various camps to prevent insurgents from destroying the track, and where the camps were quite distant, strong outposts were placed between them to support the patrols. By instructions from General Wheaton, the troops had treated the Filipinos, claiming to be friendly disposed, with the utmost consideration, and aided them to reach the rice stacks and bins in the neighborhood. There was occasional firing on outposts or scouting parties, but in the main it was believed the district had been fairly pacified until the night of April 10th. AN ATTACK BY THE FILIPINOS. About 11:30 that night, the usual quiet of darkness was transformed into a hell for the lightly protected troops along the track. A command of Filipinos, variously estimated at from 1,000 upwards, stole in from the direction of Santa Maria on the right and first assaulted two Minnesota camps above the Oregon district. At 11:30 they began to envelop the camp of Companies D and E at Bocaue. These companies main- tained a guard of six men at the station on the track, three quarters of a mile from the city, where the remainder of the troops were quartered. Minnesota camps on both sides volley- ing down the track, and the insurgents from the east made it necessary to withdraw these towards the city. Insurgents took the station and moved down to the opposite bank of the river from Bocaue. A pontoon bridge connected with the city. The stone church was manned by Captains Prescott and Davis, and a platoon took a position along the river to prevent insurgents from crossing. A mess-cart and two buffaloes, owned by the companies, and left on the side next to the station, were cap- tured. The troops fired across the river with good effect, as the insurgents withdrew back to the station, carrying their wounded and dead. The Minnesota camp on the north called for assistance, and Lieutenant Dunbar of Company E with twenty men from each company, E and D, wound his way OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 81 through the darkness to assist the l)eleaguered Minnesotans. He passed the camp and fell upon a number of insurgents a little beyond, whom he routed. His presence caused the others to hastily withdraw to avoid a flank movement. At dawn the lieutenant moved off toward Santa Maria, reaching the road leadmg to that city, while there were about one hun- dred and flfty of the insurgents withdrawing from Bocaue. Opportunity seemed most favorable for cutting off the entire number, but Lieutenant Dunbar was ordered by the senior Minnesota officer to desist, as the latter thought the insurgents were American troops. Notwithstanding that they were not allowed to charge, the forty men fired at from six to eight hun- dred yards with such effect that nineteen of the fleeing insur- gents were killed. At Marilao a fiercer contest raged with worse results to the Americans. Captain Heath, in command of Companies A, L, and M, had, in obedience to instructions, posted an outpost of twelve men and one corporal, one mile from the camp at both the north and south ends of the track. These were General Wheaton's orders to protect outposts so distant, the two placed on each side of the track, had to be well out and were nearly three quarters of a mile away. The two side outposts on the north consisted of twelve men each, while the two in the cor- responding positions on the south were only six each. Lieu- tenant Kelly was the officer of the day. The outposts toward the north reported two or three times during the hours imme- diately after midnight that there were suspicious circumstances in their vicinity. These the lieutenant ordered to fire upon whatever assumed sufficiently suspicious proportions and to continue firing until they could ascertain if there was an enemy. Sergeant Deich of Company A being sergeant of the guard was sent up to the north track outpost about 3 o'clock to investigate reports received from there, but found nothing to justify state- ments. Immediately after returning a more ominous report was received from the same post, and Lieutenant Kelly order- ing Sergeant Deich to awaken a guard and follow started up the track. About a half-mile out the party was confronted by a long skirmish line of Filipinos across the track, who rose from the ground and fired not one hundred yards distant. 82 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The volley was terrific, but no one was hurt, and the lieuten- ant, finding the Filipinos in force between him and his outpost, returned hastily to camp. Firing was then general, as the troops, half-clad, had rushed from their tents as soon as the lieutenant was fired upon. To the newly awakened soldiers the constant flashes through the darkness and the buzz and whiz of bullets through their camp appeared terrible. Every one stood determined, however, with the ultimate result that the attack from the north was repulsed. The experiences of the north track outpost under Corporals Lipes and Collard of Company A Avere thrilling. They found themselves enveloped by the enemy before they could open fire, and retreat to camp was cut off by a solid line that joined across the track below them. Then they noticed that there was another line of Fili- pinos back of them, who were apparently bolo men in reserve. Nothing but quiet seemed hopeful to these men, and the two corporals conducted the squad into a depression fairly well screened from the Filipinos. In this they remained until the Filipinos changed their line an hour or so later, having the uncomfortable experience of hearing the volleys of Springfield slugs fired from camp whiz over their heads while the fight was in progress. The two side outposts on the north of twelve men each worked their way in earlier, one of them being fired upon as they came, and hearing the shouts from the Filipinos at the rear, "Run, you Americano ; got enough of it now?" Corporals Lipes and Collard, during a lull in the firing, finally worked their men in under a renewed fire from the enemy who discovered them when they started down the track. Private Myers shot one Filipino under a culvert passed over and another near by who shot at him when he killed the first. One of the side outposts on the south concealed themselves in trenches when the Filipinos began to work between them and the camp. All the others got in, save the one at the south end on the track, consisting of ten men, commanded by Corporal Rich of Company A. The corporal and five men secreted them- selves when they found the enemy between them and the camp, and remained until nearh^ morning. Four men — Henry Payne, Joseph Berry, Everett Millard, and Arthur Pullen of Company OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 83 M, — started in immediately. A short distance nearer the cam}) they met K. B. Hoffman and a member of another regi- ment, the hitter of whom had tied from the construction car in Marilao when the firing commenced. Hoffman belonged to Company M and was guard at a bridge near the edge of the camp, when informed by the fleeing man from the construc- tion train that the camp was captured. The six men then started along the track in the opposite direction to the camp and ran .into a large body of Filipinos concealed on both sides of the track. Payne and Hoffman were killed. Millard and Berry were badly wounded. Pullen and the stranger got away, the former with a bullet hole through his hat, fired almost under his nose. Millard and Berry were still alive when found next morning, but both had been fearfully mutilated by their savage foes and left for dead. Berry died shortly, but Millard recovered. Before break of day the vigorous fire poured into the Fili- pinos from the camp had changed their apparent purpose of capturing it. Lieutenant Kelly, with a platoon, discerned a line approaching his station at the south end. He permitted it to come fairly close, and then called out if the}" were Amer- icans. Receiving no reply, the platoon gave the advancing line a few volleys that sent them back in confusion. In the morning there was considerable evidence that the Filipinos had suffered, but in most instances they carried away their dead and wounded. In addition to those mentioned, Private Rommel of Company A was the only one of the Oregonians wounded, his wound being very slight. It was evident the insurgents making the night attack came from Santa Maria and were probably guided by some of the friendly Filipinos who had been coming daily to the camp for food. General Wheaton planned to destroy the latter city, and the Second Oregon, with the exception of Company M, left Marilao, and Company F,at Meycauayan, was massed at Bocaue on the 11th, together with the Thirteenth Minnesota and some artillery, for the attack. This column moved against Santa Maria early in the morning of the 12th with slight opposition. A pretty strong skirmish took place in front of the city. The First and Second Battalions, with the Third Battalion in re- 84 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. serve, formed on the left of the Minnesota troops. Colonel Summers took Companies B, I, and E of Major Willis' bat- talion and Companies A and L of Captain Heath's and pro- ceeded through a village near by named Pandi. The two places were destroyed, and all armed natives were put to flight. In a bureau in Santa Maria was found an article taken from the body of one of the murdered men of Company M. That night the entire command returned to their former camps on the rail- road track. From that time on the insurgents did not bother the Oregon outposts much, and a much friendlier spirit was shown by those pretending to be '"amigos." Lieutenant Young of Company A was wounded in the foot by an insurgent scout while reclining on the ground only one hun- dred yards from camp April 15th. Private Walker of Company A accidentally shot himself in the foot on the 17th, thew^ound proving slight. An attack was made on the outposts at Malinta on the 17th by a few insurgents, who were easily driven back. That day Major Eastwick with fifty men made a trip through the northeastern country without locating any more of the enemy. Captain Moon with Company C left Malinta April 18th to take a position at Meycauayan with Company F. Major Willis on the same day, in command of Companies B and I, made a long trip to the north and east without meeting oppo- sition. CAMPAIGNING WITH LA\VTON. General Lawton's campaign up the Rio Grande de Pam- panga was being planned at this time, and Colonel Summers was chosen to command the Provisional Brigade to form his advance. The brigade was composed of seven companies of the Second Oregon — A, B, F, G, I, K, and L, eight companies of the Thirteenth Minnesota, Troop I, mounted. Fourth Cavalry, and one fieldpiece from the Utah Light Artillery. The brigade assembled at Bocaue,w^here General Lawton with a larger force was to move from La Loma church near Caloocan to meet it. Lieutenant Colonel Yoran then being in the hospital with acute dysentery. Major Willis commanded the regiment. Major East- wick the First Battalion and Captain Heath the Second Bat- talion. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 85 An early start of the Provisional Brigade on the 2od enabled it to pass through Santa Maria unopposed by 8 o'clock a. m. No enemy was found until the column was approaching Nor- zagaray at 4:20 p. m. The cavalry troop in advance under Lieu- tenant Boyd succeeded in dispersing the small body that first opened fire, but at 6:30 o'clock a larger force was encountered. Major Eastwick's battalion was deployed and bore the enemy back to the. brow of the hill overlooking Norzagaray after a spirited engagement that lasted about half an hour. The field- piece shelled the city briefly from the hill, but darkness pre- vented further operation. That night the command retired a mile to a favorable camping place on a small stream. Early the following morning the attack was renewed, with the cavalry in advance, followed by a battalion of the Thirteenth Minnesota deployed, the First Battalion of the Second Oregon being in support. Off 10 the left of the line of advance were a number of sharpshooters, who kept up an annoying fire at long range. Companies B and F of the Oregons moved against them, and were later supported by two Minnesota companies, further along the road. After a sharper fight than that of the previous even- ing the Filipinos withdrew, leaving the city of Norzagaray in the hands of the Americans. Three Minnesota men were slightly wounded. The same day Captain Heath, commanding Compa- nies A, I, and L of the Second Oregon and a troop of cavalry, was sent down the road toward San Jose to see if General Law- ton's command was approaching. After a most exhausting march the infantry halted, and the cavalry proceeded until Lawton's men were met, when the battalion returned to Nor- zagaray. The effects of this little march were felt by the men for several days. Major Eastwick's battalion and the Third Battalion, Thir- teenth Minnesota, left Norzagaray at 5:50 a. m. of the 25th, with the fieldpiece, and moved southwest over a plateau until it overlooked the village of Angat. The fieldpiece under Ser- geant Anderson opened on Angat, and soon drew upon itself a hot fire from the city. To flank the enemy Company F was sent to the right and soon had a telling fire directed into the Filipinos. Under cover of this. Companies G, K, and B, of the Second Oregon, deployed to the left, followed by the Third 86 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Battalion of the Minnesotas, who took position between the last three companies and Company F. As the line advanced upon Angat a hot fire was opened upon it, which soon ceased and the place was occupied. The Filipinos retreated across the river to a very desirable position on a bluff, from which they renewed the fight at longer range. Owing to the eleva- tion and the peculiar position occupied the artillery could not shake them. Company G was sent five hundred yards to the left and front on the river bank, from which place a flank fire was delivered that silenced the enemy. One man of the Thir- teenth Minnesota was slightly wounded in the arm. While the engagement was in progress at Angat a few insur- gents opened fire at the men in Norzagaray. A number of the boys were in the river bathing when the bullets commenced to drop around, leaving them little time for dressing. A man would be seen running through the streets with no other uni- form than a belt well filled with cartridges, yet diligently using his Springfield or Krag rifle. The number of insurgents were estimated at about fifty and were easily dislodged. General Lawton and his staff arrived in Norzagaray while the little fight was in progress. Another excursion was made to Angat by Major Eastwick, commanding Companies B, K, G, and F, on the 26th. The battalion was fired upon by numerous insurgent outposts and squads during the day, and in each instance returned the fire, with the result of killing eight of the enemy and capturing ten prisoners. None were lost on the American side. April 27th General Lawton, whose command had reached Norzagaray, instructed Colonel Summers to march on Marunco with his brigade. Major Eastwick with his battalion was sent over the first range of hills to the left, and met no resistance during the day. Captain Heath's battalion, with one battalion of the Thirteenth Minnesota under Major Diggles, crossed the river to reconnoiter the east bank. A few insurgents were engaged by this command under Major Diggles, but shooting was at long range, and did not continue more than a few minutes. Angat was passed and Marunco reached without further opposition. Two daj^s later the brigade pushed for- w^ard to San Rafael, a city of some importance, but which was OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 87 evacuated by the enemy without a tight. The Filipinos were then making overtures for peace at Manila, and General Lawton was ordered to stay his march until the conclusion of the nego- tiations and withdrew the Provisional Brigade from San Rafael back to Marunco. Campaigning during the rainy season was partly illustrated to the members of the brigade during their sojourn in and about Marunco. Rain fell in greater or less quantities almost daily, although the season proper was not supposed to com- mence until about the lirst of June. The first night in Marunco the command camped in rice fields. A heavy shower during the night flooded the tract, many of the soldiers awakening to find two inches of water around their beds. A hasty scramble to vacant huts near followed, the troops being allowed to occupy them in view of the excessive weather. During the marches and countermarches, beginning with Angat, the soldiers also had their first experience in wading rivers, a feature of the Pampanga campaign that told heavily on the health of the men. Foraging was forbidden, but the "government straight" provided for the American soldiers in Luzon was found a very short as well as undesirable article of subsistence, and the boys slyly bereft neighboring poultry yards of their products, and further enlivened their scant mess by procuring quantities of mangoes and such other fruit as could be obtained. An organization that later came into conspicuous prominence was perfected while the column rested at Marunco, generally known as Young's Scouts. This body of men was brought together and led by a civilian named W. H. Young, who had attracted the attention of General Lawton by his exceptional courage and skill as a scout. Young was given permission to ask for volunteers from the regiment in General Lawton's com- mand, and had under him as many as twenty, all told, six of whom went from the Second Oregon. These six were James Harrington of Company G, E. E. Lyons and M. \V. Robertson of Company B, Frank High of Company G, Scott of Company — , and James B. O'Neal and M. B. Huntley of Company L. Some of the scouts were in every engagement, while others took part in only a iew. This corps, led by Young until he 88 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. was wounded, and Lieutenant Thornton, Company B, Second Oregon, afterwards, performed some of the most daring work recorded in the Philippines, often meeting face to face far superior numhers with such intrepid courage and firm front as to rout all opposition. Lieutenant Colonel Yoran rejoined the command at Marunco, having made the journey across the country from Malolos with a few of the other Oregon men reporting for duty from the hospital. Major Willis then took command of the First Bat- talion, composed of Companies A, B, I, and L, as the lieutenant colonel took charge of the regiment, and Major Eastwick's bat- talion was composed of Companies F, G, and K. Peace nego- tiations failing, the advance was resumed May 1st. Colonel Sum- mer's brigade forded the stream near Marunco and was near San Rafael when a body of insurgents, estimated at from four to five hundred posted along the crest of a ridge to the right of the city, and the line of march opened fire. Company A was advance guard, and as soon as the fire developed. Company L was sent forward to support it. The remaining two companies of Major Willis' command, Companies I and B, deployed on the same line immediately following and commenced the fight. Major Eastwick's battalion deploying on the right of the First. The insurgents withdrew back over the hills to the right, when the line advanced, and the two battalions made two half-left turns, until San Rafael had been rounded, and then assembled and marched into the city. Before the enemy finally broke they opened a heavy fire upon the two Oregon battalions from a hill covered with brush. It required a lively charge to drive them from their position, and three men were wounded while it was being made. These were Corporal Chamberlain and Private Smith of Company K and Private Reeves of Company A. Cham- berlain was wounded in the leg, Reeves in the knee, and Smith in the arm. This was the first engagement for the scouts, and they quickly demonstrated their value. One private in the Thirteenth Minnesota was killed. As this city had been occu- pied a few days prior without bloodshed, and was evacuated by the Americans merely to give the Filipinos time to talk, the men felt that the loss the second time was useless. At the capture of Baliuag the regiment had its turn as train- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 89 guard, and did not participate in the fighting. The heavy firing ahead was so distant that there were no casualties among the Oregon men. It witnessed the escape of the Filipinos' bull- cart train, upon which Colonel Summers was directing a de- structive artillery fire when ordered to cease by General Lawton, whose staff officers claimed they saw a flag of truce in the column. Upon the General calling for a volunteer to meet the supposed flag, Captain Case of the- Oregons, accompanied by Sergeant Major Marshall and Private Poindexter, went toward the Filipino column with another white flag. They had ap- proached within four or five hundred yards when the Filipinos gave them a fusillade that came near killing the whole party. By quickly covering themselves behind rice ridges the party finally succeeded in getting back. The train had by this time passed oat of reach. At 1 p. m. Lieutenant Colonel Yoran was ordered to occupy Baliuag with his regiment and patrol the city, which was done. In this engagement the scouts also did excellent work. Two days later. May 4th, the Provisional Brigade captured Maasin, a village eight miles beyond Baliuag. The Thirteenth Minnesota Regiment was on the firing line that day, with the Oregon regiment in support. Companies A and L were de- ployed, but did not become engaged. Captain Heath was struck on the leg by a spent bullet that caused a contused wound. The Filipinos were driven from Maasin with comparatively light losses, only three of the Minnesota men being wounded. On both the 6th and 7th Major Willis conducted his bat- talion on reconnoitering expeditions near San Ildefonso, which lay two or three miles from Maasin in the direction of San Miguel. Numbers of the enemy were sighted, and they would, upon seeing the Americans, apparently form in battle, but no engagement was brought on either side. Sergeant Godfrey of Company B was out one day with three men digging sweet potatoes when a body of insurgents nearly surrounded them. Two of the men escaped to 'the camp and told an alarming story. Lieutenant Hamlin took about forty men out to rescue the other two, but they showed up a little later unharmed. Insurgent outposts going off duty in the morning would often creep as close to the American lines as possible, fire a few vol- 90 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. leys, and then retreat. May 8th Colonel Summers, Majors Willis and Eastwick of the Second Oregon, Major Diggles of the Thirteenth Minnesota, and Captain Case with Company F, Second Oregon, commanded by Lieutenant Grimm, and Com- pany K, Thirteenth Minnesota, commanded by Lieutenant Walsh, advanced to within a short distance of San Ildefonso, when the}^ were fired upon while making observations. Major Diggles was struck in the -head, from which he died several days later. Corporal Miller of Company F received a slight wound in the arm and leg. After a few return volleys the two companies were withdrawn. • San Ildefonso was captured May 12th by the scouts, aided by Major Eastwick in command of Company B, Second Oregon, and Company H, Thirteenth ^linnesota. The scouts commenced the attack and were given some heavy volleys by the insur- gents. Major Eastwick's two companies then opened on the center of the enemy, whereupon they retreated and the attack- ing party entered the city. Companies G, K, and F of the Second Oregon were sent up to the city that night to help them hold San Ildefonso should an attempt by made to recap- ture it. On the following day the formidable city of San Miguel, of which there had been so maii}^ reports, was captured by eighteen of Young's scouts, supported by Company A, Second Oregon, and one company of the Thirteenth Minnesota, com- manded by Captain Heath. This was a most daring piece of work. San Miguel had been reputed to be the Filipino strong- hold of that section of the country. Reports had it that the insurgents had artilleiy there and would make a desperate fight to hold the city. Young led his men straight against a line of entrenchments in which were from three hundred to six hun- dred insurgent soldiers, one wing of the works being protected by a river and the other by a dense growth of timber and brush. He disposed his men about fifty feet apart, and had one half advance at a time, so that the other half, concealed, could have opportunity to shoot the Filipinos exposing them- selves to shoot at the first. Alternating in this manner he pushed so close to the entrenchments that the enemy aban- doned them and retreated into the city from which they were OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 91 also driven. Young was wounded while at the approach of the bridge leading into the city, yet continued to fire while there were Filipinos in range. Harrington pushed across the bridge and drove a few sharpshooters from the tower of the stone church, where they had been doing effective work. Tak- ing the same position, he turned his weapon on the enemy with deadly execution. Captain Heath with his command was close to the rear of the scouts during the advance. He sent Sergeant Deich with eleven men to the right to approach the city from another quarter. This squad encountered three bodies of the retreating Filipinos and threw them into further confu- sion with a few well directed volleys. There were about one thousand Filipinos in the city when the attack commenced. Lieutenant Colonel Yoran with Companies K and I, Second Oregon, and two Minnesota companies came up that night from the brigade to help hold the city, and the remainder fol- lowed the next day. Young died of lockjaw, caused by blood poisoning, three days later in the hospital at Manila while an attempt was being made to amputate his leg. He had been struck in the knee by a brass-coated Remington bullet. Salacat, a small village on a fork of the Rio Grande, was captured on the 15th without much opposition. The scouts advanced toward San Isidro May 17th and found the enemy strongly entrenched at Tarbon bridge, a wooden structure of much importance, owing to the difficulties in crossing the stream without it. Lieutenant Thornton commanded them when they made this fight, which in daring and surprising achievement was barely second to San Miguel. Over two hun- dred Filipinos occupied a string of trenches admirably situated along the river bank fully commanding the bridge and its ap- proach. The brush had been cut for quite a distance on the opposite side to give the sharpshooters full view of the advan- cing foe. Tall grass nearly as high as a man's head covered most of the land adjacent to the river, and into this the scouts crept until they were upon the edge of the river. Here they took such protection as the few remaining bushes afforded and drove the Filipinos from the splendid works across the stream. As the enemy retreated they set fire to the wooden bridge. The sec- tion of the scouts under Lieutenant Thornton rushed upon the 92 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. bridge under cover of the fire of the other section and checked the flames in time to save the structure. Taking possession of the trenches captured the scouts soon drove the Filipinos from the field. Several Filipinos were killed, seven taken prisoners, and fourteen rifles captured. Private Harrington of Company G, who ranked as one of the bravest and most daring members of the band, was found after the engagement shot through the neck. He had apparently been killed instantly. When Gen- eral Lawton heard of Harrington's death and that of Young, which soon followed, he said that he had lost the equal of two regiments. The dead Filipinos were members of the well- known Manila First, which bore the name of being the finest regiment in Aguinaldo's army. Each had an "amigo" or peace suit in his haversack. Companies A, L, I, and B, commanded by Major Willis, went to the scene of the fight, arriving in time to lend a hand in sav- ing the bridge. A detail under Captain May soon repaired it so the column could cross. It was later named "Harrington's Bridge," in honor of the hero who gave up his life there. CAPTURE OF SAN ISIDRO. San Isidro was attacked on the morning of May 17th. Colonel Summers brought his brigade up in front of the city early that morning, the First Battalion, Second Oregon, composed of Companies A, B, I, and L, under Major Willis, forming with their right resting on the road. One battalion of the North Dakota formed on their right, and the Twenty-second Infantry on the left. The scouts were sent to feel around the cemetery on the left, which was supposed to be heavily fortified. It de- veloped that the heaviest fire came from the center and right. The battalions of the Oregon and the North Dakota troops steadily moved closer, until the enemy gave way on all sides. Just before the fight commenced General Lawton arrived, and upon seeing the excellent arrangement of the forces by Colonel Summers, graciously permitted the latter to command during the entire engagement, that he might have the credit of cap- turing the objective point of the campaign. Private Butts, Company L, was wounded in the thigh. After the first break in the lines, the Filipinos made no further effort to hold the OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 93 city. The same day Major Eastwick was sent to Gapan with his battalion, which was entered without resistance. While the battalion was still in the city the Third Infantry was seen approaching in line of battle for the purpose of capturing the same place. An orderly was sent out to inform the commander that the city was occupied, and his profane remark upon being told that he might enter was a standing by-word with the reg- iment for months. In San Isidro was found the prison where the sixteen Amer- ican prisoners captured by the Filipinos had been confined. Private Humphrey of Company A found a letter written by Lieutenant Gilmore of the Yor/ctown, who, with his boat's crew, had been captured some weeks previously. In this the Amer- icans learned that their comrades in the hands of the Malays were receiving severe treatment, as were the Spanish prisoners also in custod3^ THE REGIMENT ORDERED HOME. The First and Second Battalions crossed the river under command of Lieutenant Colonel Yoran and had two fights, the First Battalion, Companies A, I, and L, being on the firing line. The column started back May 20th, taking the road on the north side of the Candaba swamp instead of that on the south, which they had come on. The scouts went ahead and became involved in a fierce little engagement at San Antonio. As soon as the troops advanced the enemy gave way, retreating beyond the range toward Tarlac. In the course of the march down the river to Calumpit the river was often crossed under grave difficulties at times. No further hostilities of note were offered by the Filipinos. At Candaba May 22d the Oregon regiment received word that it was to immediately return to Manila to be transported to the United States. The men had all through the day been under the impression that another long, fatiguing campaign was being planned for them. When the telegram was communicated to them their joy assumed a most boisterous character. It was much like the expressions of joy a year previous, when on the 22d day of May, 1898, the Second Oregon was informed that it would be part of the first expedition to sail to the Philippines May 25, 1898. Calumpit was reached on the 24th, where the regiment took 94 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. the train for Manila arriving in the afternoon of that day, and taking up quarters in the old Cuartel de Espaiia. On the fol- lowing day Companies D, E, C, and M returned to the city from their guard duty along the track. Company F was tem- porarily quartered in the palace again. LAWTON COMPLIMENTS THE REGIMENT. General Lawton spoke in the highest terms of the regiment, both officers and men, while under him. He urgently recom- mended that Colonel Summers be promoted to be a brigadier general, and Captain Case a major. General Otis recommended that each be given a brevet, which was done by the President. The position of advance guard threw upon the Oregon and Minnesota regiments a vast amount of work and danger. So splendidly did Colonel Summers perform this work with his brigade, however, that General Lawton continuously kept him there all through the campaign. When the regiment reached the city all of the men were much reduced, and fifty per cent of them so weak that they would have been unable to remain in the field much longer. Nearly all were suffering from some kind of stomach or bowel complaint, due to the water, food, and heat, and from sore' feet and ringworms. DETAINED FOR MORE FIGHTING. Preparations for embarkation was commenced at once. The command was disappointed in the time of sailing and seemingly was not likely to leave the island for some time, as orders were soon issued for it to prepare to take the field in a movement under General Lawton against Morong. The men veiled their disappointment, and those able by June 2d to march were ready for more fighting. The medical officers' investigation called out over half of the regiment as unfit for duty. Companies A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, and M, under com- mand of Colonel Summers, marched from Manila to within a mile of the pumping station of the water system the afternoon of June 2d. General Hall's brigade rendezvoused there that night preparatory to the march down into the Mariquina Valley June 3d. General Litwton with another brigade was advancing on Taytay from the direction of the source of the Pasig, and General Hall was to fall upon the rear of that city about the OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 95 time it was attacked from the front. Before dawn, June 3d, General Hall's brigade, consisting of the First Colorado, Fourth Cavaliy, Second Oregon, one battalion of the First Wyoming, and the Fourth Infantry, marched from the plateau back of the pumping station down into the Mariquina Valley and up in front of the destroyed village of Mariquina. The column then turned down the valley, the cavalry leading, and followed by the Second Oregon, until the foothills on the opposite side were approached. Filipino sharpshooters off to the left opened fire while the cavalry was crossing a small stream, and both the dismounted and mounted troops of the Fourth Cavalry were deployed. Then Captain Heath, commanding the Third Battalion, consisting of Companies A, H, and L, was ordered to proceed against the small village in the foothills ahead. Shortly after deploying the line was fired upon by a pretty strong force of Filipinos posted on the ridges above. The hot reply soon quieted the enemy, who were driven still farther back by the mountain battery, commanded by Lieutenant Haw- thorne, which had taken position in the valley below. Both of the Oregon battalions were brought up to support the Third, under the belief that a hot engagement would follow. As soon as the Filipinos withdrew back over the hills, the column proceeded down the valley skirting the hills and finally taking a road bearing off towards Antipolo in a direction to pass two miles behind Taytay. The severe firing could then be heard where Lawtoij's men were engaged. While the column was passing through a depression, flanked on both sides by a ridge and small peaks, the Filipinos laid an ambush that was rather formidable for a few moments. The cavalry companies were in advance, closely followed by the Second Oregon. A hot fire was directed at these two regiments from two small peaks on the left, a higher butte in front, and a low ridge on the right. Fired at from the front and both sides, it appeared that serious loss would be sustained before the ambush could be broken. Colonel Summers ordered the First Battalion, under Major Willis, and composed of Companies B, E, I, and M, to wheel to the right and attack the ridge ; Major Eastwick's bat- talion, composed of Companies C, D, G, and K, to the left, against the two peaks on that side, and Captain Heath, with 96 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Companies A, H, and L, straight ahead to fall in with the cavalry firing line in front. All three battalions charged fear- lessly up until the enemy was forced to give way. Major East- wick's men got so close to their opponents that a few prisoners were taken. William McElwain of Company H was killed instantly, a bullet striking him in the neck. A. J. Salisbury of Company H was shot through the left arm and rear portion of the chest. H. M. Wagner of Company B was shot through the abdomen. E. L. Doolittle of Company C was shot through the arm. Clay- ton L. Ransom of Company L was wounded slightly on the head. Two of the cavalrymen were killed and four or five wounded. No effort was made to get down behind Taytay after the fight- ing ceased. Major Willis' battalion moved up over a hill in the rear of the city, but the commanding general did not deem it advisable to go down, so all the troops were recalled to the vicinity of the ambush and camped for the night. Next morn- ing there was a little scattering fighting as the Americans cleared the adjoining peaks and ridges of Filipinos, but with- out casualties. Major Eastwick's battalion was subjected to a rather hot fire for a few minutes, while on top of Lookout Peak, which was soon silenced. That afternoon the brigade proceeded along the military highway, called Calle Real, through Antipolo, and on down into the basin of Morong, camping for the night in a village named Teresa. On the following day, June 4th, the brigade marched into Morong, finding upon its arrival that the First Washington had preceded it by a day, having entered the city from the lake by the aid of the gunboats. On the last two days of the march the heat was quite oppressive, and many of the men succumbed. From Morong the Second Oregon was returned to Manila, June 5th, on cascoes, towed by launches. All reached the Cuartel de Espafio that night, except Companies C and G, whose cascoes got fast in the mud and were detained until the next morning. FINALLY ORDERED TO EMBARK. A few days later the regiment received orders to embark on the transports Ohio and Newport for the United States. A vote OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 97 was granted the members as to their destination, San Francisco or Portland, which was decided in favor of the former city, OAving to the fact that travel-pay would be allowed the men from the place where they are mustered out to their homes. Seventy- live men asked for their discharges in Manila, which were granted, with the privilege of those doing so receiving free transportation back to the United States any time within a year on a Government transport. The Second Battalion embarked on the Ohio June 12th and was followed by the Third Battalion next day, the First Bat- talion and headquarters taking the Newport at the same time. Lieutenant Colonel Yoran was placed in command of the troops on the Ohio, and Major Gantenbein commanded the troops on the Newport. Both vessels sailed out of Manila Bay June 14th, bearing the first regiment of volunteers to leave the Phil- ippines. On June 18th Nagasaki was reached, where the transports lay for four days taking coal and meat. Great enthusiasm prevailed among the social Japanese over the arrival of some of the United States fighting men. The offi- cers of the regiment were tendered a reception by local clubs. June 22d the transports sailed out of the harbor and steered through the Inland Sea along the southern coast of Yeddo Island. Two days later the steamers emerged from this archi- pelago at Kobe, and shaped for San Francisco, which they reached July 12th. MUSTERED OUT AT SAN FRANCISCO. A splendid welcome was given the regiment by the people of San Francisco and a very strong delegation from Oregon headed by Governor T. T. Geer. Next day the command marched ashore and through the city to the Presidio, amidst a bewilderment of greetings and demonstrations of joy. It remained camped at the Presidio until August 7, 1899, when it was finally mustered out of the service of the United States, the majority of men returning to the State, Tuesday, August 8th, on two special trains provided for the soldiers. Governor T. T. Geer with his staff met the special trains at the State line August 9th, and thence conducted them to Port- land. Splendid ovations greeted the returning troops at each town where the train stopped. Portland was reached August 98 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 10th and the same afternoon those remaining with the colors marched to Multnomah Field, where, amidst thousands of spec- tators, General Summers formally turned the regimental colors over to the Governor. This impressive scene brought tears to man}^ eyes and was the last act of the regiment in a body. Beyond the seas they went down to battle. Beyond the bounds of country, beyond precedent, beyond national tradi- tion, they sailed in obedience to duty's call. They fought their country's enemies, and the fiercer elements by which Nature marks races and gives them homes. Many of them lie upon the distant shore, their erstwhile proud frames dissolving in decay, their white bones studding the soil with those of the foe. Honor the dauntless spirit that leaves luxuriant home only to expire in the agonies of death. Treasure with loving gen- tleness the memories that now alone connect the fallen with this earth. Give unto them the affectionate praise, so sweet to contemplate when stern fate was cutting away life's buoyant wings, when existence was narrowed to cycles of minutes rather than years. Grateful recollection by fellow-man is the sweet- ness of patriotism. To those who offered in vain the great- sacrifice, but who stood by the altar while the incense of their comrades' souls floated to the Unknown, accord the tribute of " Duty Done." They ask no more. In behalf of the members of the Second Regiment Oregon United States Volunteers In- fantry, as well as to leave an authentic record of their achieve- ments, this history is written. HONORS TO THE BRAPE. Seven members of the regiment were recommended for medals of honor at the close of service in the Philippines. Five of these — Lieutenant Thornton of Company B, and Pri- vates Lyons and Robertson of Company B, Frank (,'. High of Company G, and M. B. Huntley of Company L — were members of the scouts, and were recommended by Captain Birkheimer, staff officer, to General Lawton, for the gallant work at San Miguel and Tarbon Bridge. Sergeant Major Marshall and Pri- vate Smith of Company F were recommended by General Summers for gallant conduct on the field. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 99 ;S:so-; -^ P-T3 c^ 'a!»"0 ftsSSrS 0(Dt2 %6r^tSr,t^e: MO •S^^|-.'°,^-S0.2^ ric o-ii'a c3 ajji^O id TOO OREGON VOLUNTP]ERS IN SPANISH WAR. > is = t "o § 2 'rlx'^'E^rl CJ3 I. .•a:; " -^^ii ill .m 5 •S is c5--5 •^-•~ Q I ;?rS?^^?;|x ^^;^<^ c|?;x:^|.x- ^^ 2|i ■^5 GO S a -I ORECION VOLUNTEPJRS IN SPANISH WAR. r -r 4. J. <^ ^ -; -«" _, o -"^-rt OS'S « i: Q j^ OCOr 'S^^5-^* 101 ^5 o ^ S § ca so 41? is^ 0)0 r- 03 OJ -OS o s 5 3 s O § .a § ^ o a ^ ^ 33 o i o «■ pq S w m «■ 3 S 3 S 3 S M 3 s OS ^ ^ -^ » -^ g^ U7 ^ in o "= lO lO ^ S5 S a s s s w 5 c3 . 102 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 i Enrolled and mastered in as principal musician; ap- pointed chief musician from principal musician Nov. 30, '98, per Reg. S. 0. No. 191. hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., U. S. Vols., dated Nov. 30, '98. Enrolled and mustered in as principal musician; en- titled to reenlisted pay; enlisted in Troop E, 4th U. S. Cav., Aug. 23, '89; discharged Aug. 24, '91; reen- listed in Co. C, 14th U. S. Inf., Nov. 1, '94; discharged Oct. 31, '97; sick in quarters Oct. 15 to Nov. 2, '98, inc.; in line of duty. Joined regiment by enli.stment at San Francisco, Cal., May 23, '98; appointed principal musician from pri- vate (unas.signed) Jan. 1, '99, per Reg. S. O. No. 210, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., U. S. Vols., dated Jan. .5, '99; sick in quarters July I,'<-23, '98, inc.; Aug. 22-26, '98, inc.; Sept. 24 to Oct. .5, '9S,inc.: all in line of duty. "No clothing was issued to him by the State.' Joined regiment by enlistment at San Francisco. Cal., unassigned recruit attached to N. C. staff and band; sick in quarters J uly 16-19, '98, inc.; Sept. 24-29, '98, inc.; June 12 to July 1.5, '99. inc.; sick in general hospital, Presidio of San Francisco, since July 16, '98; all in line of duty. "No clothing was issued him by the State." Mustered out of .service 2d Or. Inf., U. S. Vols., to take effect May 25, '98, by reason of acceptance of commis- sion as chief surgeon U. S. Vols., per S. O. No. 269, A. (4. O., dated Nov. 14, '98. Discharged and final statements given at Manila, P. I., Feb. 25, '99, per S. O. No. 12, A. G. O., dated Jan. 16, '99. Due soldier for clothing not drawn in kind, .f.39.45. Due United States for ordnance lost, »12. Service, "honest and faithful." Character, "excellent." Discharged and final statements given at Manila, P. I., Mar. 5, '99, per S. 0. No. 57, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Feb. 28, '99. Due soldier for cloth- ing not drawn in kind, S55.;32. Service, "honest and faithful." Character, "excellent." Enrolled and mustered in as chict mu.sician; reduced from chief musician to private Nov. oO, '98, and trans- ferred to Co. D, 2d Or. Inf., U. S. \nl.-;., per Reg S. 0. No. 191, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., U. S. \'. .Is., dated Nov. 80, '98. Duesoldierforclothingnotdrawii at settlement,i42.31. Due United States, quartermasti i s supplies, $1.27. s ! 1 •8 1 1 1 Portland - Portland- S. F., Cal. S. F., Cal. Portland - Portland Portland Portland - 1 May 9. May 7 May 23. May 23- May 8- May 7. May 11- May 9- 1 Musician Soldier— Physician Clerk .... Physician Musician II 1 « 1 J C § '^ 0) O ffi O O 1 1 D. Br. D. Br. ^ c ^ -J pa m cq « 1 Br. — Blue- « O Q W a 1 Fair.. Dark- Fair- 1 1 ^ 1 F? gin lO U3 in CO lo i 1 ^ g E^ ?5 S ' Henry Hockenyos — Chief Musician. Samuel McGownn Principal Musician. Thomas Cwrlton Principal Musician. Alex Rine-strom Private. H. W. Cardwell Captain and Assistant Surgeon. James Rintoul, Jr Sergeant Major. Harry A. Littlefield- Hospital Stewart. Gustav Mueller Private. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 103 104 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 as Tried by summary court Jan. 19, '99, for violation of the 62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit one (|1) dollar of his pay; fine deducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay roll; sick in quarters Oct. 19-27, '98, inc.; June 2-4, '99, inc.; June 30 to July 2, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. Tried by summary court Feb. 20, '99, for violation of the 33d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit fifty (.50) cents of his pay; fine deducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay roll- sick in quarters Sept. 20 to Oct. 6, '98, inc.; Oct. 16 to Nov. 10, '9S, inc.; not in line of duty; sick in quar- ters Nov. lO-IJ. '98, inc.; in line of duty. On special duty as acting regimental commissary ser- geant since May 9, '98; Reg. S. 0. No. 27, same date. Tried by field olttcers' court Aug. 3, '98, for violation of the 33d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit three ($3) dollars of his pay; fine deducted on July and Aug., '98, pay roll. Enrolled as corporal; promoted sergeant Sept. — , '98; Reg. S O. No H3, .same date; sick in regimental hos- pital pee. 29, '98, to Jan. 3, '99, inc.; in line of duty. Sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Sept. 1-2.5, '98, inc.: >^iel< in quarters June5-13, '98, inc.; Aug. 20-31, '98, inc.; Seiii . 26 to Oct. 3, '98, inc.; Oct. 7-10, '98, inc.; all in line tif duty. Tried by summary court Jan. 17, '99, for violation of the 112(1 alt. of war; sentenced to forfeit one (Ifl) dollar of his |ia\': fine deducted on Jan. and Feb. '99, pay roll; onsp(cial (Inly In Reg. . No 117. dated Cavii. Ars^.nal. P. 1., July 11, '98; relieved from special dutv in Ken. ii. M. Dept. by Reg. S. o. No. 101, dated ('a vile Arsenal, P. I., July 19, '98; on s|„cial duty in Pri-. ('. M. Dept. July 19 to Aug. !•, 'iis, inc.. i>er S. O. No. Hi; lidcirs. 1st brig., l-st div., stli A. < '.. dated Cavite Arsenal. P. I., July 19, '98; relievxl lioni special duty by S. O. No. 8; hdqrs. 1st brig., Isi (11 v.. sth A. C, dated Cavite Arsenal, P. I., Aug. II, liv siek 111 quarters June 5-29, '98, inc ; Sept. 3 to Oct. 27, 'lis, inc.; sick in regimental hospital Feb. 13 to JNIar. 12, '99, inc.: sick in 1st reserve hospital, Ma- nila. P. I., Mar. 13 to Apr. 18,'99, inc.; all in line of duty. i 1 S ■S 1 1 Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland Portland- 05 OS 135 35 OS OS ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ S § g S S § I 1 Student- Laborer— Student- Farmer— Farmer -- Teacher- II i i i til S 1 M CS Ih" *i I-' 30 pq J m m i Blue- Blue— Blue- Br. — Blue- Blue— ^t Fair- Fair— Dark- Light- Fair- Fair- 1 4^ 1 ^ 1 ^ ^ ^lo 10 10 ca io --D ■^ c5 S 2S §5 S £5 j Arthur P. Harris 3d Sergeant. Frank T. Hayes 4th Sergeant. Charles I Dillon Omar M.DeWitt Quartermaster Sergeant. James J. Wel.sh Corporal. Harvey L.McAlister. Corporal. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 105 Sf^'-So-S ; a^-5 6 ?5b: S •'^sS iT'S ■-" Q -2 . °^ S >5 S^'cn ■•■"2 '^• !- _ " O c fl c ^ ft s <2 ■ S c" o o O § O O (i' o S ! i i ^ 1 M P3 !- u eS 4J 25 M CQ P3 Q pa Q Q 3 1 a; oj 1 oi m 1 1 u tJ +j j; .• 3 m m M « ^ PP « 3 a ^ u ^ .1 a 1 i4 ^ O ft fc P fe. Q Ift Q Q i^ ^ 00 ^ -. GO "3 ^ 1 "3 lO o o ^ in U5 m iO s ^ ?3 ?3 ^ a s 1 •s i? S>l ? i's i? i1 a ■" i a 5| ? t SI •^,= ii 11 i| >> a 106 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 1 ... Enrolled as private; promoted corporal Apr. 1, '99, Reg. S. O. No. 5; field service, dated Manila, P. I., Apr. 20, '99; tried by summary court Jan. 2, '99, for violation of the62d art. of war; sentenced to fmfeit three (S3) dollars of Ids pay; line deducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay roll: in coniiuemenl .Ian. 9-H, 'li'.i; leleased on being tried by suiumary court for violation of the 62d art. of war, and found not guilty, and acquitted; absent without leave Sept. 7, '98, less than 24 hours. Enlisted .-It Portland, Or.,. June 17, '98; assi^Mied to com- pany by lUii. s o. No. IS7, dated Manila, P. I., Nov. '26, '98; Joined company at Manila, P. 1., same date. No cloihiuK was issued lo him by the State. Ap- pointed artificer .lau. 21, 'll!!, Reg. S. o. No. 7, same date; tried hy summary court Feb. .'i, '9H, for violation of the :;:;d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit one month's pay; nine and (i(i-loo (Sli.dO) dollars of ti ne deducted on .Tan. and iMb., '.lii, pay roll; ciKhtand 10-100 («f8.40) dol- lars of line d.'ductcd on .Mar. and Apr., '9lt, pay roll; sick In (|nariers.Iuiie2-.5, '99, inc.; sick in l.st reserve hospital, Manila, P. 1., Mar. 22 to Apr. 11, 'ii9, inc.;all in line of duiv. Tried by sum ma ly .•ou it Jan. 17, '99, for violation of the 6'2d an. of w.ii; Miiienced to forfeit fifty I'lO) cents of his pay; line deducled on Jan. and I'eb., '!t!t, payroll; sick in i|u:iil<-l. 1, 'lis, !{(••;. S. O. No. 195, dated Manila, P. I., Ocl. 2, "IIS: relieved from duty as conipauv ar- tificer .Ian. 21, ■'.ID, Ke-. S. o. No. 7, sai late; 'tried bysmnmary court Sept. li», -98, for viol.alion of the 62d an. of wai-; sentenced to be .■oufiued at bard labor for two weeks, and lo forfeit five (-:,) dollars of his pay; line deducled on Sept. and 1 icl., 'lis, pa\- roll; in ConfineiiH-ntSept, li) to Oct. 5, 'lis. ii,.-.; tried'by sum. mary court Nov. 10, 'iis, for violaiion of the ,Slst art of war; sentenced to forfeit thn e !?f:i) dollars of hi' .l 1 Portland- Portia nd- Portland- Portland- 1 Occupation. Farmer.. Carp(Miter Printer — Clerk ll Iowa. Ky.- Or. — Maine 1 Dark- Br. — Dark- D. Br. i Blue. Br. ... Lt. Bl. Lt. Br. ^i Fair.. Fair- Fair.. Light .1 4"^ ^^ o ^: ^O lO lO lO 1 ?5 §§ S SS 1 ■ Darwin Bockes ' Corporal. Don C. Butler Artificer. Thos. J. Warren Fremont H. Chase... Afusician. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 10' '-' S >-"'^ St; !>>•" ?> § fa 1 c3 li- 03 1 1 es ' &: ^ ^ 5 o O O • t,' 1 a 1 m w J3 i; §. h5 o sq Q 2 >) 3 M S O M m 108 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. CO". Ill pi i c 1 Q > s •S j ^ |i i :^ 6 3ifi li p 7' 2 i E=i^T' ^. = r 1 .£ -^• :i ■^' z i' c 1 t I ■^ El; i c = ^• ^ yf ■-.----i-".^ i •§ Si j 1 5 ? ^ ^' a 'X ii ?f s \ i 1 ^ i L ?; 1 E .^ _- 5 if Ill i 111 i ? 1 1 2 E y. 7 = '^ 1 1 i b' 1 .s' i i 7^ fill =- \ - ■ i =l'-t-^J 8-1 ? i^ 2_ >j s i \ - i r"i 1 i is ?; f ^ .^' i- •;■-;' -• ". : L' ^ 1 r iyjijii S,•- S°^ i i - _ ■3 L J .■^ - ■=■ ;; ~ ~ n I ^ b r. -? = ' £. ]^ S ■ : = '. S ^ ''E .5' ji 1 = t:~ ^ ~ i "5 -• •6 '"_ ■i ii: Z ~ -£ r_ - > r 3 r. - -' z ~ y. E '~ ~ r; S ~ E S .£ i E o C 1 1 i i c 2S ^.E s ill 1 ■1 < C lillll a 1 H K c-i H i ■a ■a J •i s s £ c3 ct i S t. '^ t^ ■jj C 1 Oh P- a; CO d d ffi » >> >> >i >1 g cS ca d 33 :§ § S S § 1 5.^ ■- ^ r a s = -^ c i 5 1 K <» "S 1 1 = ^ s s 1 C ■fe X 5 4 i ^ 1 B ^ 1 i s g 3 c 1 s n cq 11 u si J •g § •3 'S 'S cS i5 ^ fe fa ^ a ^ ^ 1 •^05 ^••o ~^ lO 10 8> s ^ g ^ j i ^ [ ~ J "3 y .a 's s 1 a < '5 5" f s w ^ :j OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 109 c t; '^< ^ ii 0) ^ •r c ■ !>-5! S ^ .S s*^ -3 "CS— M^-

^M"»n Sq< CS-fc- .~.:5 0rl'i3 '::^=^a^ = W OQ O 1 d 3 ffl Q 2 « M 1 J3 3 s 3 s a! = S 5 « ^ ^ 1 '3 2 ^^ 00 ^^ 05 s^ ^ ■n 10 ic. lO in ^ in 110 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. i as Sick in quarters July 11-13, '98, inc.; Oct. 26-31, '98, inc.; Nov. 2-10, '98, inc.; May 29-31. '99, inc.; sick in regi- mental hospital Feb. 9-13, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. No remarks. Tried by summary court Sept. 20, '98, for violation of the H2d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit four f|4) dol- lars of his pay; fine deducted on Sept. and Oct., '98, pay roll; in confinement Aug. 15-23, '98, inc.; released without trial; in confinement Sept. 18-21, '98, inc., released with trial resulting in conviction; sick in .quarters Sept. 30 to Oct 1, '9h, inc.; Nov. 8, '98, to Jan. 5, '99, inc.; all not in line of duty; June 8-15, '99, inc.; June 16-19, '99, inc.; in line of dutv; sick in Presido hospital, Pre-sidio, Cal., since July 19, '99; in Hue of duty. Enlisted at Portland, Or., June 21, '99: assigned to com- pany by Reg. S. O. No. 187, dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., same date. No clothing was issued to him by the State. Tried by suinin.uy court < »ct 11, •9S, for violation of the :Kd art. of war; sentenced to forfeit one («•!) dollar of his pay; line dednc-ted on Oct. 'US, payroll, in confine- ment .Tan. '.)-lL', ■'.•'.I, inc.; released with trial from sum- mary c(.ni-t for violalini;- the (L'd art. of war; found not giiiliv and acc| uiied; sick in regimental hospital Dec. Is-L'i;, 'us. inc.; sick in (luarters Dec. 26, '98, to Jan. 3, '99, inc.: all in line of duty; sick in 1st reserve hos- pital, .Manila, 1'. I., A pi'. 15 to May 11. '99, inc.; not in line of duty. Enlisted at McMinnville, Or., June 20, '98; as.signed to company by Keg. s. ( ). Xo. 187, dated iManila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; Joined company at Manila, P. I., same date. No clothing was issued to him by the State. Tried by sununarv court Jan. 17, '99, for violation of the 62d art. of war; .sentenced to forfeit fifty (.50) cents of his pay; fine deducted from Jan. and Feb., '99, pay roll. Enlisted at McMinnville, Or. June 17, '98; assigned to company by Keg. S. O. No. 187, dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., .same .1 1 S Portland. Portland. Portland. Portland- McMinn- ville. McMinn- ville. 1 ci aid J t^' tJ 1 student-. Laborer- Clerk Carpenter Farmer.. Farmer— Where born. Or. ... Ohio . Mo.... Wash. Or. ... Or. ... 1 1 Br. ... Black D. Br. Br.-. D. Br. 1 Br. ... Blue- Br. ... Br. -. Br. ... Blue.. ^i Dark. Dark. Dark. Dark. Fair.. Dark. 1 ^ ^^^ fe"^ "^ -\^ h\" ^lO lOiO lO lO CO ^5 c5 =551 8S 22 S s Elkins,DillardA Ewing, Len. D. Gallagher, Anthony. Qarretson, Edgar S... Graves, Herbert G. __ Grace, Leo. B OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Ill Sr^/lS-o-aHg' ;.S,isai.5fe5i5 fc cc W |-to|op o O ^ O Plh o i* M ^ S-c J. \ ^ -J Q 1-5 Q G a w fe S b fc En h ^ t- ^ ^ ^ 00 to lO lO "= >o "= i^ s ^ 2 as a 112 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 ned to com- , P. I., Nov. same date, te. Sick in ve hospital, , all in line .S liiJiiB! iliiiii 1 ifJJi=s^ ^- '"-■■t:^ 5''-'t 5^"r !•- "^ S-T"^ >'^ r'-5 .-"^ ~ r -11 "^ ~.^ i^'^'c PiytJI^;M!5zt^:5^Ki|MK-JlK^ ' 1 iii-lli ril?^=rtyj~£'ii^^s'jiiT==;iP^i|j|i2 i ^i"-i5^ ■^ - .- --'^ "J .:i = L! ~ •- •" -^' ^ ' It "■^- - ^ ^ b ? z T '-'.-.Z ^Z.< t^"^ ! m- WM^MSMiibM&M 1 1 1 i: ■ r ■'■ - — IE Jiiiiiiiiiiisi! i p-^z9s- 5|5^5 H35 i.S^ = SS2ilS::?fs >» § g c oi e3 1 •^ ^ § ; 2 J ll ? 9, o c-" : o o ^ o o 1 i si J •^' & .§ QB 6 ^ 1 ^ c - •fe o « ^ ^ m J 5 1 ^ 1 6 n o 1 3 d a 1 t s i| ■^ ■3 -3 s fa fe fa a^ ^ « ■5io QO CS. 5 ^^ lO 'O i -< ?g s 8 CS 1 1 « s 1 1-5 1 1 1 S o rj ^ l-l OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 113 >.,fe^2bSi;:ro;? K^-s "_-« g >>•■■" ^sfl-; .5^iSoogdsP3^.^c5?5~>^S^ - S 2 ^ » ?5S Mc5 :fdj = '^^rs:-:-5^a=-32^ -•3M%Sss^,b,-ce--5!i ;?f§i; i^'^'^E%^t'^>.^s^^ i CI CSClH do 5« r S>.^^?>..S dg-<\ "•^^-n'a: 3 26d2 3co§IS-9: 2S| II! i:|Sl§itl»;iirfi#ii^ ISS^p^f ill <« 0.2 S 3J s ■- oun°?ST c S S oj?— =s cj J. s j!,Mw « j;;^^ o ^ o o or^ 2-s-< ui^ ."sj.S otH-3M'dKes-S-5*5'ap>.:;fta«<:;->?, ■OS-?!; ig c3 5 0) oo" ■Sccg.slcS'^g^^S-^gt .ss Ooc 1 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 115 &< fe « J o X o O o 4 § 1 n 3 1 3 3 >5 1 3 eq 3 3 S 1 il 1 1 ^ ^ S o rl M^ » ^ ^ >c o .O "= "= i(S ?3 a §3 ?3 ?3 05 116 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ^c^S6g S'o'tsS g-^-Sa? 2m13 oS^^s ^,3 so-drtg-^s fl _g^ ^s ^s ^1 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ir Co»cS5!* 0050 5 ^^JlJ^^.eS" 2^' 5ss=f:.^-c5 •^isl c-o 3^^ »S?^ beg 9^2-^ So hS« 2, •a-S =2^ cjc^i- ^ .2 " 03 c3>>rosf5= ''ja 5?8' ISli|»i!pll|°li|l||ll|^ 0) 3 a ; 03 M CD -rt --.Si ir-1 " H m g^3go'Sooaj|i^»:.2^ b^J^&S'^ 03.213 °^-g^ s s s s § Brick- layer. Engineer Printer- Poland Pa.— Or 111 J 3 M 1 1 w Blue- Blue— Blue- ii\ \ i - ^ i i 2 ^ >0 1 j "5 a s i 1 s &i 1 1 ^ 1^ ^ 1 05 0} 'H 118 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Sick in quarters Aug. 21-23, '98, inc.; Oct. 3-7, '98, inc.; May 10-17, '99, inc.; June 2-8, '99, inc.; sick in field brigade hospital May 19-27, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. Enhsted at Portland, Or., June '20, '98; assigned to com- pany per Reg. S. 0. No. 1S7, dated Manila, P. I., Nov. '26, '98; joined com pan v at Manila, P. I., same date. No clothing was issued to him by the State. Tried by summary court Feb. ir., '!»ii, for violation of the 32d art. of war (absent withcj'ii leave from 7 a. m. Feb. 12 to 2 p. M. Feb. 13, '99, inc.; sentenced to one mouth of his pay; eight and 32-10(J ( Ss :!2) dollars of fine and pay for time absent deducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay roll; seven and 28-100 ($7.2.s) dc .liars of fine deducted on Mar. and Apr., '99, pay roll; iri(.'d by summary court Feb. 20, '99, for violation of the 33d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit fifty (50) cents ol his pay, fine to be deducted on this roll; sick in rtKhnental hospital Dec. '28, '98, to Jan. 17, '99, inc ; in line of duty. Wounded in action at Malabon, P. I., Mar. 2,5, '99; sick in quarters June 12-1 f. "its, inc.; July 19-21, '98, inc.; Aug. 30 to Sept. 4, '!)s, inc.; Sept. 8-10, '98, inc.; Sept. 26-29, '98, inc.: June 1.) to July 18, '99, inc.; sick in regimental hospital Feb. 26 to Mar. 3, '99, inc.; sick in 1st reserve hospital, INIanila, P. I., Mar. 26 to June 14, '99, inc.; sick in Presidio hospital, Presidio, Cal., since July 19, '99; all in line of d.uty. Sick in quarters June 17-19, '98, inc.; Oct. 26-30, '98, inc ; Nov. 1-3, '9S, inc.; all in line of duty. Sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Aug. 27 to Sept. 25, '98, inc.; sick in (luarters Sept. 26 to Oct 7, '98, inc.; Oct. 13 to Nov. 2, '98, inc ; June 9-11, '99, inc.; June 24-'27, '99, inc.; Nov. 17, '98, to July 1, '99; all in line of duty. Tried by summary court Jan. 17, '99, for violation of the 62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit fifty (50) cents of his pay; fine deducted on Jan and Feb., '99, pay roll. Wounded in action at Malabon, P. I , Mar. 25, '99. Sick in Fort Mason hospital, San Francisco, Cal., May 19-22, '98, inc.; sick in quarters July 2:3-26, '98, inc ; June 15 to July 18, '99, inc ; sick in 1st reserve 1 ■i 1 i Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland. Portland- Portland May 9- June 21- May 9- May 9- May 9- May 9- 1 1 Clerk Woods- man. Student- Fai-mer — Laborer- Clerk II i i i d 1 1 1 1 Black D.Br.- Black Light- er.— Light- i J J i i^ i mm O CQ i-:i oq II a, Dark- Fair- Dark. Fair- Dark- Fair- 1 1 .«0 ^ "5 ^ t- » ^U3 ^ iO U3 O lO S, -^ t5 53 S ?5 ?§ 55 . I Stuart, William C— Teatz, Charles Thompson, Frank H. Thurber, Arthur C— Tillman, George Ungerman, Wm. B— OKTiGON VOTAINTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 119 .sl=^. si-; Pl| iPr. -5 ;: s r" 2 -2 ^^ 1^7 "^ >- « OS O >iS.S M>>o a r • fcOS-i oSc a«^ a 2 ...2 o«4a„- ;!2^ 2 5£a^'g';i°^^ ^9.^^: t, o .« ' r2 b^S^c^-g. T Sgo ?fi t? CO .3 >i •■" c3 iH o .a o .2 5 ; -flS£; ■a Oh ^ a m s 1 1 1 i t^ o O o o ^ ^ ,JJ ] 1 d S3 bl) M .• t; p J 3 03 PQ S 3 S i 2 Q s m 03 S ¥ l1 S r^ fe fc fe a ^ ;:?j: :^ ] in lO .o ^ « 13 s 85 s S5 120 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. II t|"'^ iil ^ = tfsl §1^-^.^.= > ^•- ofi.o ^ "d ^ lo „• >. b q s- a> S^oos utc i SS^ a; ~ ii "" c; o ?> ^' ^^.Sd>5S>0-ag S^Xir c3 p.jo'oSsS^ ^2a j,+j ' ss-2^.- I* i"d a,_— ..r"- -.a"" ^£gr ;5^S?E2'o?-p So5 Sfa,^2 g.S« ^ Or? a; l.2a3,o§^2S^;z;.2< OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 121 SO'EI >^ g o^-g 03 o:: -^ "pa « c g 3 fe c'^p^ 0% sf^ .» S a^ (n-^ &■" S.2 a .2--2s=c>, -d m .2 = «' 3 s 1 ^^ in ^ 25 122 OREGON Volunteers lisr st'ANiSH war. P > S St. ■'■ Mo3 r*:^r * 5 P-1 c •'IS 'S^ "= .- --^ .'Sri OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 123 °=j^ sis i: cs M g O !^- fl .4 ri S-'i-^.-SJ-^-^ i S S-S Ss5 S =^J •rm ^V.i'l --■o. ^.a^S 3.=-2?5 s^S;? :j^M ^^ •s-2'g^'c S S.2 = > ; ISo o^cS^S -< ;-ai 5 g^S^So^g^HS. ^ . Cl ^ t.^ c3 -/ .i; - ff* CD _• ?^ ^ ^^■^sa S5.S- 5»'';i.::t2 2^ Sft'^c a o d SB s m i s « 1 "S g o U3 lO III l«5 124 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. •-J . g-~ ii'^ V' "^ — T Z C E i°lll!-inil! _ S t; _ o-c 3 ojis "S a: sis ="„,?"., goo: s s ^ ' ^5-^_~: ' r: ~ ^1 ., y .- ~ te S S '5; ■ "_- ^- - i^ s-^ as S..0 5 c 'J " - £ ' -— - °'J3 b, V ||aj^pE|||^|pij||^|| "SI'S ^Zl-~|og ^5 §> ■"*T .i ^^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 125 1^ - w eras t- r, .« OW cS-d . t: te « _•- ° ^'sP^JIIt^gg -do" aS c^ i^.Sa ^a" Sjs 03 CSPM >,■> 0$J .-^ r^ w ''00 ;ii-' •«~ c^2-a« a)0— "^_j_i„, mcbI'-^ jn5 .^.u'y'^r/'o .. .1^.— OJ'^n^Oji-l'r'-^rfi '^— ' a> o— o S. a O) t; a> - >-3S^acoJ^.s>>^ ;-Sifi~ -£0^3 -s ^^ '^K m 3^'d ■ass^„-^; .2.-^ tf.-II • t^a y-^ o .Js( a^dte'^-gii^^ 02 -ai a =^ " «:^ s;! ciS o^r^ =t.S.J X a •- o = Sf«-52 S &^ S a a o ^a^ 3. cu= g--^ os^ a tu^ o s^-c S--'^ j5 ^ a 8;^^sl"S sl^S^llliS^ols g^S^l^ajgl | Sa a^ . H CO Ph 1 ^ 1 1 5 3 m 1 1 i « i 03 i4 ti _>-■ '3 1 ^ 00 00 t~ la 10 "5 m 25 53 s 2 126 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ! 1 1 ! 1 i|lif||||;|!|§^Pfpf||p|||P|||| 1 i 1 i 1 1 •d s § g oa ' 1 a II a si 1 1 1 i 3 s S .2 ;.! ;§ 4 ^^ 1 ^ ^ 1 8 1 i 1 OREGON V0LUNTP:ERS in SPANISH WAR. 127 .c ■?• 2 — ja =: oj ^^ '^ i 5 >: ft *< o < o ^ •« U a li a" «^ * O 2 ^ C I • £ S g C ^ « ^ 3 3 g c a, 03 •1 g S S •^ -a g i > !^ "E 2 f» 5 '-' - a:' § S -s ^ c c c •= Si g .2 t; c3 a is. si o a o| :2 M s . i: ■^ S 5 5? S §5 3 5 c3 O 5 ft g .3 II S a "* "O _H 5 .s i ? ^ 9 i« 5 a i« — ' cs 'S ^ t^ 'S .-- .a a J 5 o- - § ^ -g :^ '3 =: rt a u S 2 ^ 2 S 5 = 2 ^ cS « oT c~ a a ~ he § ^ 1 1 1 i S "2 fell d" S ^ ■? S 1 ^ ~ ^ £ ft oj o ^ &^ 3 S ^ S o; £ C a 5 "• .S M s aa a f o 2^ 3 "d "S cc IPs " ^ =5 2 S a ^ E • ' 3 g ^ w I -> S3 5" i -C CO 3 5^ ■^ a sf ^ i M - o u _. :> fa S .2 3 « 3 X3 Q = 3 ■C w $• '^ « i a; 2 -s o; c3 dj O 03 £ oi ;d -a " 2 c5 5 •- «« ^ a 2 ■d . «« . s - **> J^ - o c 2 Ai ? ft s § s a ^ 13 S 5 2| S&'O ■do* S°s d'S.a Hi .r^a pq ?,-s = J III >H «i.- :z; 1s^ < f^ ^^B, o = r^9 u l;3 ^•^s ^11 ^•r A-£m ■ra;^ • p c3 li? p.oj'' Sg ■31 ^ 1 1 1 Originally mustered in with company as captain; ap- pointed and accepted commission May 10, '98. Originally mustered in witli company as 1st lieutenant; On special duty as acting regimental adjutant per S. O. No. 1, hdqrs. 2d Or. Vol. Inf., dated Apr. 22, '99; returned to duty with company per verbal orders on July 1 1, "J'.i; sick in quarters June 17-18, '98, inc.; Nov. 28-i9, ".IS, inc.; all in line of duty; appointed and ac- ceiited commission May 10, '9S. Orifiinallv mustered in with ccuiipa ny as 2d lieutenant; on si.ecial duty as chief of sc.uts May 18-22, '99, inc., per Held s. (). No. 4, hdqrs. Kl div.,8th A. C, dated Mav I:;, ".lit; sick in ipuirters .1 iiue 17-18, 98, inc.; Nov 27, 'lis, P> .Ian. 1, '99, inc.; all iii lino of duty; absent with leave .luh' iii-19, '99, inc., jier order regimental coniuianiler; ;ipp(.iuted and accepted commission Mav 1(1, 'Its. Enrolled as lirst sei',^>ant and mustered in as 1st ser- geant; sick ill ipiarli'i-s Dec. S-IO. '98, inc.; in line of dulv. In llie sett lenient for clothing is included the sum of (hirieeii and 99-100 (IKV.ili) dollars, total value of article, issued hv State. Deposited on Aug. 8, '98, forty (*10i dollars with Major Killimirne; Nov. 5, '98, tweiitv-iive i-ri^i; dollars with Ma.jor Sears. Enrolled and luusteredln as (piaiienuaster sergeant; sick in ipiaiiers July 30 to Au},M', '9S, inc.; Sept. (i-9, '98, inc.; 1 >ee. Jiuil, '!is, inc.; all in lineof duty. In the settlement forelolhingisiiicliidedtliesuniof tliirteen and 99-100 (ii:i.99) dollars, total value of articles issued by State. 1 .2 £ 1 1 1 Portland- Portland. Portland. Portland- Portland- When. May 10. May 10. May 10. May 10- May 10- Occupation. Telegra'er Teacher— Millman- Butter- maker. Banker — Where born. N. Y.- lowa- Or. — Or. — Mich. i . ■ 1 Hair. Br. ... Br. ... Br.-.. Br. — Br. ... 1 Blue- Br. — Blue.. Blue- Blue- Com- plexion. Dark. Dark- Dark- Dark- Dark. 1 4| "^ . ^" . ^u= .o 1 § g S 5! ^ i 1 > i Captain. Frank B. Hamlin 1st Lieutenant. James E. Thornton.. 2d Lieutenant. Wm. C. Grubb )at Sergeant. Franks. Godfrey.— quartermaster Sergeant. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 129 as 0) OJ , o o g !^5' ==02' •at:2S s'aaS X M M-d Cj S^i- 3 O K O O O 5Bi6 ■d sS v." .0E2 ■ 3 sO :S2'=« S be' '^ cs OQ S'a >^.'' o^ «?"- sis J a a a^-a ^oos^'^,^?- 3 2^52:^,-2 See §2 sg^d^ C-Sos -Sec C 3^ a22 c3 2=^-1 CD i3 •«■ C^ S ■•''" -'^ -^ ■" Cira -^^ - .,OTt< --; rarn^^ 5 S2-S P « ;f ai.i « p en ,^M 0.5 S S P=0^"^co O ce~- J rS *-• ^' W ^^l-l hM lli w ^;5 u Oi « ---rj -M CS .-. ^ £ ■^ 1 ^ a l1 1 '3 1 U5 ^ -^ In fe^ P^ u. >o UI U5 lO lO lo 5 130 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ■^lAps^ij ^ c 2 •- -'^ss tgs-; S— t. J4-00-" cSiC -^-^-r 9. -- oo 2^s Ss'l Sts 5t S^ -'-5 = 3S •2' — ^-jr 50 ^ SC r- r/i n Oi C (^ r-^ rr ^'uZ ^ 2^ ci-^:>-: bill's "Jl-S^ 5¥^g|QJpi o ■.Z.' r^'2^!si«P 'l^Ix^l"^-! ;E=4c^fl = 2 s'l'^^goSi:-:; ^S^.S.S'C o 5 =»^2:£oS c^^S = &i^.5. ! o " d •/ ^ ^ ' ^-'-r '"' ^1 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 131 "^iiolll gS'a^>>^'' s 5 3 5 ^ 1 si 1 1 5 a i O 5 i; ] t; ] W cq P3 m Q 5 ^ n » CO 03 01 pq cq y^ m ^ ?3 s §§ s s c 1 I'S 1 8 « 1 ■& =1 il Jl i^ ^1 132 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. i-a^a mm-^ UUP i^iii atji^ls S •2oC'>yO^<3i- ijnijtJs-S -r?a) .•" 0? S.- CiS =^2 ^-^S -obc- ■'-^' 05 > orj3 i OS p¥;;|So i-s • r+j o -S .gflol-Sg- ■5:?~' s'O MO OQ S2 o5>«f^caSM5i3.si-5.Sg2 O 02 ^_ i = 0) ~ 5 5 '2 a 1 si s J a' 2 15 n pq «■ S M « M 3 s 1 ^ a 1 ^ « i> ^ ^ lO "= 10 >o 10 134 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. r. "•ftS .'^§ ,^ |Hf fl5o'2 ii C 5^^. ;^.oo A^ :^ — — ?- x >n- C £ & Si-D^ PS-^-^ a._^'M5 o-^ :'0 :3 t.p^*sj3 H.s-2|==t Ifflllll 5^ ;,■ ' ^ >>' La. S^ :fl^-'=s'C'g £- O - u = C iC5J ■3 i" J; 2 ^"-S •- ?- r:o £„ = 2-0": = "ililfeffi :3o«'2sg.&"5 g ~ S — o ^ J O hJ H b 1 1 1 d •a ^ § ' ^S g-s S l-H a ^ ;^ o«! J- ^ .• 1 ».< 1 B5 CQ n n 1 '^ Q P Q OQ Q m s fe fe o Q Q ~; 4^* i ^^ ^ MS ^ ^o "= IC in •c U3 OHEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SfANlSfl WAR. 135 c3 ^ i 3 » J i ^'^ S C i 1 o' 1 6 8 Q s n PQ 1 w s 3 3 1 i 3 3 3 3 b 1 1 "S '3 i 1 " 1 -^ "^ ^^ "^ s g ■<)< ^^ IC U3 IC lO in U5 CO UD 136 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. II i o 1 1 1 m m m m n 1 3 3 s 3 s 3 ^i 1 i, 1 ■a 1 1 4^ ^ t~ ^^ 2 ^•uj = o •c s ?5 2 ?3 S •^ >i. , ■ f m mi i '1 fT •' -M .4*>4'" -:. ''ihi Ife ' Wf. < ' *£ «■;> ■ «^'^,!:-^« '^V -1 si ^ ;:' -_.. *^^ #11? ! * k. C:-'-. ,* ■:. V " . i- - 'i\*'' i mTt M W ■' ■^ 1 . :• ,•<> . i:,^'«Kf«fe- 1 5i^^ .' '■ '' ^ ■":- ^ mi' ^n:.«- mr^-\ ' OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 137 a§AX%i°-^'^iffa ;"3 o . .-^ <

- S o >; cp OS J .S".^ « 11 O ir« o'g:»: 3 JS g 3-^_^ 3 3 ^-- 03 02 02 VI O OQ 02 Ag 138 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. .5 C o>-.'S I I ll 2S OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 139 Ss ^'s-g^s if si ; July 30, ' c; all in 11 i is includ ollars, to ecial duly ' A .; CO rt.-oa_4 " -0.— . . ^S _0co "3^ (Do:: rt S eSflo^g O r'« [ OJ tu o"r? >5v;« , Q..a =^2 >0T; S O Q-OJ OJ- ==S9=-o-g3gg|^ jsog, 1 <^ S .Q .' I'T-giP'r ;!li5 ) a; O 3 Ofi-S-- P.' "0-^:-^ ^=^2 , ©(C 3oOg^.2:^a-3., ■2 •-■" 5 5:^s<^'>;a lis 3.2 .90 u a i^ 5..M j??^ S. +^Oi»Q,"'Q>?'S SI'S !>, M" _; <" g= U s 1 a 3 i Q a 5 pq pq pq fi 1 i w i 3 m 140 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANtSH WAR. 1 i Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '98; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. Tried by summary court Mar. 9, '99, for violation of 32d art. of war (absent without leave less than 24 hours on Mar. 7. '99); sentenced to forfeit one month's pay; fine deducted on Mar. and Apr., '99, pay roll; absent without leave July 16, '99; not tried; pay for time ab- sent to be deducted on this roll. Sick in hospital Nov. 27 to Dec. 3, '98, inc.; sick in quarters Dec. 30, '98, to Jan. 2, '99, inc.; sick in hospital Apr. 22 to May 29, '99, inc.; sick in quarters May 30 to June 4, '99, inc.; all in hne of duty. No clothing issued by State. On special duty in quartermaster's department per S. 0. No. 170, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Oct. 14, '98; on special duty in depot quartermaster's de- partment, per S. 0. No. 87, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., Oct. 25, '98; returned to duty in company per S. O. No. 154, hdqrs. dept. of thePaciflcand8thA.C.,datedManila,P.I.,June8,'99; on special duty in regimental quartermaster's de- partment per S. 0. No. 26, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Ma- nila, P. I . June 10, '99. Sick in quarters Sept. 5-9, '98, inc.; in line of duty. No clothing issued by State. Assigned to Company B, 2d Or. Inf., May 23, '98, per Reg. O. No. 48, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Camp Pre- sidio, San Francisco, Cal., May 23, '98. Sick in quarters Aug. 14-21, '98. inc.; Oct. 25 to Nov. 1. '98, inc.; Nov. 18-21, '98, inc.; June 2-3, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. In the settlement for clothing is in- cluded the sum of thirteen and 99-100 {S13.99) dollars, total value of articles issued by State. Deposited on Nov. 5, '98, thirty (S30) dollars with Major Sears; on Mar. 12, '99, twenty (820) dollars with Major McClure. Tried by summary court Mar. 9, '99, for violation of 32d art. of war (absent without leave less than 24 hours on Mar. 7, '99); sentenced to forfeit one month's pay; fine deducted on Mar. and Apr., '99, pay roll. Sick in quarters June 26 to July 30, '98, inc.; Sept. 3-7, '98, inc.; Mar. 30, '99; sick in hospital Mar. 31 to May 28, 1 1 1 S Roseburg S. F., Cal. Portland - Portland. i July 12. May 23. May 10 May 10- 1 o Laborer— Laborer- Clerk- £ s" Or.- IlL- Or.— 1 1 « 1 J J Q 1 K w 1 Blue- Blue- Blue- a Fair- Fair- Fair— 1 1 -^ ^ ^■"5 i lO O 1 S 1 c3 ?5 . i Parsley, Everett B— Putnam, Frank T. — Radcliffe, A. L Riddle, Edward W.- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 141 g CO S S ^ ^ 3 ^ 4 1 § « «■ ^ m i 1^ i s 3 3 1 1 ^ a '3 1;^ ■a g ^ t~ 1 ^^ ^ lO us lo lO US us 8S 2 g^ g S ?3 142 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 . 0^ Sick in quarters May 21-22, '98- inc.; July 7, '98; sick in hnsijital July 8-19, '98, inc.; sick in quarters July 13-15, •lis. inc.; July 23, '98; Aug. 2-9, '98, inc.; Sept. 26 to Oct. 3, -'.K, Inc.; sick in hospital Oct. 4, '98, to Jan. 6, '99, inc.; Apr. 17 to May 28, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. In the sittlement for clothing is included the sum of thir- ty, n and 99-100 (813.99) dollars, total value of articles issued by State. Sirk in quarters Oct. 3-18, '98, inc.; Feb. ;;0-24, '99, inc.; all in hne of duty. Deposited on Jan. 7, '99, forty-flve (S45) dollars with Major Sheary. In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of thirteen and 99-100 (S13.99) dollars, total value of articles issued by State. Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '98; assigned to company per S. 0. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. No cloth- ing issued by State. Sick in quarters May 19-20, '98, inc.; July 17-18, '98, inc.; July 27-28, '98, inc.; Aug. HO to Sept. 10, '98, inc.; all in line of duty; Nov. 30, '98, to Jan. 4, '99, inc.; not in line of duty; sick in hospital Apr. 16 to May 26, '99, inc.; in line of duty. On special duty in regimental library Oct. 17, '98, to Jan. 2, '99, inc., per S. O. No. 167, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Oct. 17, '98. In settle- ment for clothing is include d the sum of thirteen and 99-100 (113.99) dollars, total value of articles issued by State. Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '98; assigned to company per S O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. No cloth- ing issued by State. Sick in hospital Dec. 12-21, '98, inc.; Apr. 18 to May 28, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I. Nov. 24, '98; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. No cloth- ing issued by State. i 1 ■i Portland- Portland- Ashland . Portland- Ashland- Roseburg 1 May 10- May 10- July 11- May 10- July 11- July 12- ? Farmer — Student- Clerk Laborer— Laborer— Farmer ._ 1 s 1 ° ! i i Or.- Cal.— 1 t 1 1 « 3 M m Br. __. Red- i Blue- Br. — Blue- Blue- Blue- Blue— il Dark_ Dark. Fair— Fair- Fair- Fair- 1 ^g g^ - s g^ ^in lO io >o in lo S S S i^ S g \ starmer, Samuel Stevens, Roy R Stone, Ernest L Strange, Henry A— Sutton, Ross S Thomas, Charles OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 143 1-5 OQ '-5 a? CO OQ CO s § § § g S £ a j fa ■J, 1 o 5 5 « M O o d 09 m 1 3 u i M 1 i 5 i A1 1 i •a 1 1 1 ' g ^ ^^ ^ o ^^ IC lO in lO in •o in §5 S S S OO 53 2 -3 1 S w J 144 1 Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov. '24, '98; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated at Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. Sick in quarters June 8-9, '99, inc.; in line of duty. No clothing issued by State. Deposited Jan. 7, 99, thirty (830) dollars with Maj or Sheary; on Mar. 12, '99, twenty (820) dollars with Major McClure. Also sick in quar- ters July 23, '99; sick in hospital July 26 to , '99; all Discharged June 12, '99, per G. 0. No. 54, hdqrs. A. G. O., dated Washington, D. C, Mar. 22, '99; discharge and final statements furnished. Assigned to Company B May 24, '98, per S. 0. No. 88, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated S. S. Australia June 29, '99. Sick in quarters Sept. 29 to Oct. 1, '98, inc.; in line of duty. Character, "excel- lent." No clothing issued by State. Discharged Apr. 8, '99, per S. 0. No. 74, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, Manila, P. I., Mar. 17, '96, as amended by S. 0. No. 80, hdqrs. dept. of Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., Mar. 27, '99; discharge and final statement furnished. Character, "excellent." Sick in hospital June 4-8, '98, inc.; sick in quarters June 9-16, '98, inc.; Oct. 5-13, '98, inc.; Nov. 17-21, '98, inc.; Dec. 30, '98, to Jan. 1, '99, inc.; Feb. 12-15, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. In settlement for clothing is in- cluded the sum of twenty and 85-100 (820.85) dollars, total value of articles issued by State. Due .soldier, six and 86-100 (86.86) dollars overcharged on clothing issued by State. Deposited Aug. 8, '98, twenty (820) dollars with Major Kilbourne. Discharged June 12, '99, per G. 0. No. 54, hdqrs. A. G. O., dated Washington, D. C, Mar. 22, '99; discharge and final statements furnished. In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of twenty and 85-100 (820.85) dollars, total value of articles issued by State. Due soldier, six and 86-100 (-6.86) dollars, overcharged for clothing i.ssued by State. Deposited on Aug. 8, '98, twenty (820) dollars with Major Kilbourne; on Sept. 15, '98, twenty (820) dollars with Major Sears; on Nov. 5, '98, fifteen (ffl5) dollars with Major Sears; 1 1 1 Ashland- S.F.,Cal._ Portland- Portland- . 1 July 11- May 24- May 10. May 10. i Laborer- Farmer — Laborer— II Me.— Or..-- Can'da 1 t 1 i !§ « j S n i Blue— Blue- Blue- '4 Fair- Fair- Fair- 1 ^11^ ^"= i "= I ^ 1 ^ ^ i Young, Harry D Discharged. Purdy, Edwin P Dixon, Joseph D Foster, Joseph OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 145 II ii:iP° I iisiii IP-'; iiiP . ^ -- 3 J* •^ CD t^ 0) s ? 5 i§ 32 aj 146 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 1 ft Discharged June 12,'99, per G. O. No. 54, hdqrs., A. G. 0., dated at Washidgton, D. C, Mar. 22, '99. Discharged and final statements furnished. Character, excel- lent. Tried by summary court Aug. 29, '98, for vio- lation of (!2d ait. of war (charged with affront to non- commissioned oHicer while in the discharge of his duty); sentenced to continement at hard labor for HO days, and forfeit one month's pay; one and 1-100 (81.04) dollars (ledu<-led on July and Aug., '98, pay roll, fourteen and ;')(;-!()() {S14.r>(i) dollars deducted on Sept. and Oct., '9S, pa\ roll. Sick in quarters from Oct. 27 to Nov. 14. MIS. inc.; sick in hospital Nov. bVi.",, '!IS, inc.;.sickinquaiiersNov.2)it<>l)ec. IS, 'lis,inc.; all not in line of duty: .\pr. 19 to May 7, 'im, inc.; .lune s-9, '99, inc.; in line of duty. In the settlement for clolh- ingis included the sum of twenty and s.vuio (ijiiO.Sy) dollars, total value of articles issued by Slate. Due soldier, six and Sl^-lOO {«6.86) dollars, overcharge for clothing issued by State. Sick in quarters ,lune4 to July 3, '9S, inc.; sick in hos- pital July 4-21, ".IS, inc. Embarked on S. s. .1 uslrulia for conveyanci' to San Franci.sco. Cal., V. s. .v., July 22, -'.IS. Descriptive list furnished. In setllementfor clothing is included the sum of twenty and 85-100 (S2(I.S5) dollars, loial value of articles issued liy State. Due soldier, six and 8(i-100 (S0.8(j) dollars, overcharge f., dated A 11". !i, '98. Dis. h.irged Feb. 20, '99, at Van.-ouvcr liar- racks, Washin-ion, per S. O. No. 25, Department of Columbia, dated Feb. 18, '99. Reason, services no lonmr required. Discharge and final statements fur- nished. Character, e.xcellent. Physical condition good. 1 i 1 1 1 i Portland- Portland - 1 May 10- May 10. t 1 Sailor — Teacher— II 12; o i 1 1 M m i m cq il Fair- Dark- s i^ § « t'° 1 m =5 i Wallace, Frank C— Wann, William $ s 1 ^ 8 o 1 u o > pq eq ii PQ 3 3 i s « 01 s 1 ^ ^ 1 1 i g "^ ^ ^' ^5? U3 lO lO lO lO (^ 03 148 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. o o*^ c<=^ !i CO oi -3 13 >> fc. -- ,oo^ tc V C => •- g .'^ (U kT ^i^l!i ;i*o! .-OX!-; oi:^" ^SgoO^s-^Sf^i^f-^s- ^if§°^ •^ hi?' m o^ oi::-§7|Ps =s«^£ ^-sgs^' g .c^• "3>»i^>«^=.v5^■§^:^t*B".'°^«'^• .2 5 xT 9 ^ Ci P 0^2 0) ! 2 w) jo^fl! Oij^ S S C^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 149 :~:^3a ■d >>•«■! ° csn _ e o fl --co rt! ^^.-^^ oisss 2 oaj;^ ■d S i- 55 J3 ■-• cS ft^^|=c5|og- »*^ K r1 - c3 (U 13 = Q i=" O o si i i S S b 1 ^ 1 lO o ?5 ?J ^03 a. a «^|- 3 § b ■" xf ° . cS o; t: -d 5 S § S S C O "^- "^ = *^ S a ^ 5 5{ S 3 = _ -H C - ■a ■« 3 O .1 c a "^ S § •« * •< ° o 2 "° = aZ ft a £ o 5 !M •:= ti S a a P. S Oj 3 5 ft C " J- « s i ^ ^ s g ^ i a - ^ =«^ m 3 b£ 3 §^ rf- Oh = 5 o S - 2 ^ S '- M d ° a -2 ^" ■3 § ^ o "^ t^ / 15^ SI I 'X o « -3 iJ « ^ E-< bo ^ 2 '3 i^ <1 !^ 1 e - ^ ^ » 1*3 fe ^ e.i--- • - ■O 02 £ C > o ■- P - I ? ^ ^ I 2 J- f^ °^ M •§ 2 ^ s I ^ § :^ a' >^ 5 °S .- 2' .^ £ S T|H ^- p^ S S ■c a .a a, — 'X, u liilpl .5 a - c^ ft 03 2 o I I I ^ ^ «: oj 'S a "■ >j >- ^ J £ g 3 g > HH fe '-3 -: he '3 150 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. lis l, to Jan. 1. '99; all in lineofduty; all dates inc. Depo.si ted J an. 12, '99, thirty- five («35) dollars with Major Sheary. 1 s 1 3 1 1 i Portland - Portland. Portland- Portland. Portland- May 10. May 10. May 10. May 10. May 10. 1 Druggist . Printer... Dentist... Clerk Teacher.. ll 1 is si i •1 1 Lt. Br. Lt. Br. Lt. Br. Lt. Br. Br. ... i Blue.- Blue- Lt. Bl. Lt. Bl. Blue- ^^t Fair.. Fair.. Dark. Fair- Dark. i 4. ^00 ^ ^ ^IC O lO U3 U3 J 5? S S g^ S te William S. Moon Captain. Robert S. Huston tst Lieutenant. Fred W. Haynes 2d Lieutenant. Isaac D. Larimer 1st Sergeant. Charles E. Cnrrie Sergeant. ORKGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 151 r 3j „- • a^ O jrO oj ^ T3 •-" •■ .5-ei^- a^e^> gl = ^^^-i^. g ^Ji.^^^^ i i sst) 'a^^oss^ i-ils s^-d^i-.^ «^ ii IIP « §5t? =|-r^ »5sI= oo-d^-i:. ^^•M^-'ss.o^a-/ 0) 3 a 3 S c3 1 1 o o pq PQ 3 n S 3 m 3 Lc g 1 1 ^ ^ ^ 1 r^ "^ ^^ ^ ITS U3 ■o lO lO in 53 §5 ?5 s; ?5 S5 £1 a I a! ai c3 g '-' S 152 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 i Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor- poral from private Oct, 20, '98, per Reg. O. No. 173, dated hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols., Manila, P. I., Oct. 20, '98; sick in quarters Sept. 23-26, '98. in line of duty; .sick in quarters Nov. 2-5, 98; sick in 1st reserve hos- pital, Manila, P. I., Nov. 6-17, '98; sick in quarters Nov. 18 to Dec. 11, '98- all not in line of duty; sick in quarters Feb. 15 to Mar. 12, '99; Mar. 25 to Apr. 19, '99; all in line of duty; all dates inc. Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor- poral from private Oct. 20, '98, per Reg. O. No. 178, hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols., dated Manila, P. I., Oct. 20, '98; sick in (juarters Oct. 18 to Nov. 1, '98; not in line of duty; sick in quarters Dec. 26, '98, to Jan. 2, '99; Feb. 8-16, '99: :Mar. 26 to Apr. 8, '99; .sick in 1st reserve hos- pital, Manila, P. I., Apr. 4 to May 7, '99; all in line of duty; all dates inc. Deposited Jan. 11, '99, fifty (|50) dollars with Major Sheary. Enrolled and mustered in as private- appointed cor- poral from private Oct. 20, '98, per Reg. O. No. 173, hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols., dated Manila, P. I., Oct. 20, '98; detailed to serve in canteen Jan. 28. '99, to Feb. 4, '99, per Reg. O. No. 8, dated hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols., Manila, P. I., Jan. 28, '99; sick in quarters July 11 and July -28-29, '98; Aug. 30 to Sept. 2, '98; Oct. 30 to Nov. 1, '98; Feb. 5, '99; Mar. 8-12, '99; May 31, '99; June 5-7, '99; all in line of dntv: all dates inc. Deposited Aug. 8, '98, twentv ($20) dollars with Major Kilbourne; Sept. 1.5, '98, twenty-five iSl'.-)) dollars with Major Sears; May 17, '99, fifty (|.50) (Inlhns with Major Coffin. Enrolled and nuisiiTed in as private; appointed cor- poral from prixalc Oct. 20, '98. per I{eg. O. No. 173, hdqrs. 2d Or. V. S. Vols., Oct. 20, '9S: sick in quarters June 27 to July r,, 9S; Aug. 22-24, '98: all in lineof duty; all dates inc. Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor- poral from private Jan. 9. '99, per Reg. 0. No. 212, hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols., Manila, P. I., Jan. 9, '99; sick in quarters July 15-17, '98; July 22-24, '98: Aug. 31 to Sept. 7, '98; all dates inc.; all sickness in line of duty. .1 1 a •S 1 1 i Portland. Portland- Portland - Portland- Portland- S May 10- May 10- May 10- May 10- May 10- I 1 Printer-- Tailor.... Laborer- Farmer.. Student-. II or.... Can... Mo.-. Minn. Wash. 1 1 Blk... D. Br. Br. .-. Br. ... Br.... 1 Br.— Blue- Blue- Blue.. Blue.. ^1 Dark. Pair-. Dark. Fair- Fair- 1. 1 4^^ "^ "^ "^ ^^ ^lO to ^ lO IS 1 ?s s s i^ §i :! Wm. W. Branstetter. Corporal. Arthur Hanna Corporal. Charles Innis Corporal Frank A. Pryor Corporal. Howard Davis Corporal. -l^w -'-^ A-^'. ^, ^ ^ ,A m ^^ m^^ ' ^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 153 IT -J -3 c 05-- ^! ?,^, - — i'. ^ s a . ~ = . -■"•_■ ^' - si^? .^l-if^-PP Oi -c! S-z: 0~ ■•^) - .D p. . O CO ^ ?_ k' si ^ .-d ; of i-T si 1- ~ -!. — — ~ ■ -—"„' — .-'-=* o C ?^ -■« iP "7 '^ ■ > o •^.S r.- rScSt*,^"- :?? :Jl3 :3 .^ I- ^ ^ ^ ^ m P-i -T^ ll^ 8l>l s oP^ §-fe^ Lsr =~^ =.; oS -; 1 I ' S I S W w O o o o S ^ 1 ^ 1 c t: c ^ 1 1 M H m m CQ AJ Q m Q Q pj Q 3 1 1 1 aj (0 OJ 1 3 3 3 a a M « s n « M pq 2 N S3 s s 8 S5 ?3 a 1, i "3 J 1 11 11 li 154 1 1 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 155 >.tf--j !jaja P.2 .5 .2 cs ■ :-s«= £?£1 o^ii^ bflxjai ;3 5< 5S=sS .ti 2 01 ™ ca '-'^'^^5: ^ ^a^ ■^•?^ ' M^" cs 1- Pi"; c3 r u O 5^sg' ^"i'>5_fS2c-rc| kO^I ■f^iS, '■cOO 3 o >*^ So >Q.g'>s ?i'^'r„S'=^ s's„---'3 sis-s ^^ s-if OD O O a & m M s i s w m 3 s 3 3 sJ 1 .y W '3 i ^ ^ 1^ ^ -^ =!^ ^ lO >o in ^ lO lO in 156 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAft. ir-.Q i-i*^ GJ^'CW QJ,0 a"^ CD J^l og = ^irJ!^ >2jf = ^ illli^ ?>"^li§-^7^ .tC-5^^27?,;^^! ^5 r^rg a .iL-.o- an-si llitfiliffiiilllt; eg :: c5? I ^ s; « >A M Q H^ n D5 i B s s « 3 s « 1 3 il 1 1 'S g i 1 1 1 ^ 4^ "^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ t? ^•"= U5 "= in m lO o OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 157 0-° 4)^ 0» 3 o S 3 a^a=-s BjS?i3^'^ cS a:_;Sr-,?.= = h'n S-?c i£*-C bc^ . *s2 5 "-til-; l^U' 'dj£ I- :i 0^.,-^-a,.,:^^' cS S C- iss^^- ^r c £ 3 i^ . >> ;'do_ ft.: ■^ S='5i 1=^ :q<^ \,hX)^ C-« ^t^Pl^'^-?^*^"'.^; o.„--d ce t'-.'d ^^-css. jSSaQ-d.^ ^--dt^-l a^5^a;o-;5ScS^3 158 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. "S ' "c "a 'c "D "O S g c c = c a u W) ? "si S S S OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 159 g«2 5^^ -So I 30§'-^•^ ||fe£S ■pS-=o3= M--^ ^•■ DaTaT \^?2^ 2 .>3! '^ o -c3 'Oceu7?'S"aiS i c S * T * •( !:= hV S-eV O > O O 3j . >• — ■ t; cup w -- ps-T >> ?S°S,5! C3 u« ..^fl O -2 -C-^ u „ ■' cS o '? :S i' ■" "^ o "^ £ 2 i 5 S ^ 1 m ^ § 1 eS c3 ! 1 i o 6 1 o o a O i «■ M i 1 M « 2 5 « -5 « Q .J j d 1 i s 1 d 3 d s .■ t; « « s « cq w M m 160 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. L ^?. £dial~^ i^-H /i=£ S •/ --' 5 j: — '= ■f.- = - -- i-T ■>---i'>.>?:5 i ! ^ 1 III tl^Sri Ml i ft :i b -5 ^ -c: — - ~ PillftiSp ' -~ ~' .'■''' = ~- — ^ s ? > £^ JJ . -Is •§! ? = ^. 1 5 tf s Ills ^- a t. a a u ■d 1 i o c s c s s C s g i 1 1 s 1 1 <-! ^ cc >. >J >i 2 ^- d 03 cS 1 ^ S § -^ s ^ J 1 1 J J 1 C 1 ■ c o s ^ 1 2 32 I £ i •^" s _; 6 S: <; % w o S ■s • 1 i •^ K m S3 i- J CQ • 1 ^ 1 1 r^ g^ 1 ^"= lO o CO lO lO i s § ?3 ^ 2 S ! ! H si c ^ s 1 1 1 c3 i c" 3 c 5 := S^ J ^ S s s ^ iz; OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 161 n ,11 ^<-i 1 - 00 oQ'O t3 -^ *j o = V- C a-o I. c ° I cs ■r-.t- r' cr^s 5'ao .OJ^ 'I' :|«53P.2s^i'slll!;-3lllP.I s ^ ^ Q ^ ^ ^ 1 10 >o iC lO 11 162 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. •g Enrolled and mustered in as private; tried by sum- mary court Dec. 1, '98, for violation of 33d art. of war (absent from retreat and check roll call, 10 o'clock; absent loss than 24 hours); sentenced to forfeit two (S2) dollars; line deducted on Dec, '9.'^, pay roll; in conflnemeiit Nov. 2s {,, Dec. 2, '98, inc.; July 21-28, '99: absent williout leave tVoin retreat and check roll call .lulv 20, '99, and reveille. I uly 21, '99, less than 24 hours; sick in .lUarters .July 2:;-HI, •9S; Aug. 24-'27, '9S; sick in general hospital, Manila, 1'. I., Aug. 2S-;^1, '9S; sick in (luarters Sepl. 1-5, '9S; wounded in right breast Mar. 25, '9S, at Malabon, 1'. I.; sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, 1'. 1., .Mar. 2(i to Apr. '24, '99; sick in .piaileis .lulv l.5-l(i, 99: all dates inc.; all sickness in line of dulV. Deposited Aug. S, '98, ten (flO) dollars with Major K'ilbourn<'. Enrolled and mustered in as private; .sick in (lUarters May 25, '9S; July 29 to .Aug. 2, '98: Sept. v.'22-25,'9S; sick in Istreserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Nov. 2(1 to Dec. 1, '9S; .sick in quailers Dec. 2-.5, '9S; not in line of duty; Dec. 11-19, '98; sick in 1st re- .seive hospital, Manila, P.L, Apr. 20 to May 29, '99; all in line of diit v; all dales inc. Joined conipanvat Manila, P.L, Nov. 24, '9S, by transfer from prov. Conii'any L, 2d Or. recruits; sick in (|uar- teis Alar. 7-15, '99; .1 line .5, '99; July 19, '99; all inline of duly; all dates inc. No clothing i.ssned by State. .loined (■•ompany at Manila, P. I., Nov. '24, '9S, by t ransfer from prov. Company L, '.'d Or. recruits; sick in i|n;ir- ters Nov. 27 to De,-. 12, '9S; Jan. 1, '99- w.uinded Mar. 25, '99, in rit;hl knee at .Malabon, P. I.; sick in Isl re- serve h.ispital. Manila, P.L, Mar. 26 to .Inne 12, '99; sick in (luarters. S. S. (t/iio, Juiw 13 to July 14, '99; sick ill (luarteis .lulv 1 1 lo .\ ng. 6, '99; all in line of duty; all :8 sr! ss i|||| i&fo 15.1*:. Ili!f5|a«lp2=-Si| a, > _ =^ _• -0 6 2 ji 3 w •- « 0) S a s 1^ s S 1 3 1 fa El, 1 I ^ ^ ^ ^ 00 ^^ ^ lii i-O .0 in lO 10 10 2 23- S ^ 2 2 S5 164 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. pr ;^^, ;o _,;?;- - g 2 „ -„ . ~ cc ^ •- ^ -2 ■* bib 2'^i^^.o||^^=|o§s< etc «'Cr,»:o- ^>-' rtMgC^ 5 S--S .'t a'- ? VS"rl^2g.»^"" - Sa ' i-e o' ■,o5 ti =s ^ ill^-gss^So^ •-^fl^xss^^ 7 - /- ' .""^ 0) .t^ ft d ^ j,^ COC3C 5^.0 5!_g'Scu-i. g>?.S S^jo - r'-r -_ Jjc. o cS^r p cu„. o^ cS» >ij ,r; --^fc Cg= aftu!),-;aQP^-i3 o>-7 i>cJ3< tS ■d 1 2 fe eS » f? t be ■£ tj ;.! ^ fc H ^ o, Ph 1 y >> >i >. !>t >» cS o3 >. § >-i S § § Jl OHEGOK VOLUNTEERS tN SPANISH WAH. m ^^ l> ^ ^ U5 ^ lO •0 S ?3 25 8 166 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. So - -:;5' ? n^ r*^ a_S fPi] >i S d " 2 ^ aj ^ o 25 o _ ^ t. CD ° g oP^^ Till foS|is^.f§|6- l<1.2-5|-Sj^..fe'|c?t -Silos s .1 S 8 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 167 02 O cc (X4 1 cj 1 -o U u O o § !21 j ] j jj ' 1 CQ ^J M « W J p 168 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 169 g "S .2 'o" S ^ ^ xj 5 -S a sag > ^4 a '"^ d a " ^. 5 I ^ 13 o M t>i 3 tH c3 ^ »^ fe ^ ai i 2 ^S 2 5 I ^ s-s 2.-;; < I S " 43 S 3 a I3£ (2 "1 1^ S 2 g _g > 2 ^. O 03 2 o 5 § — -a t ^ a Pi +^ i -3 i a - ^ . 8 o &< i" ^ ^1 c a « " O u3 e3 -a 2 £ ts nil 170 OilEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAft. Mm S p taoO.2 fl? o 0) ^,- MO §35 fe§ 8 oc .i? :0 tea C8 yp-^h?^ cs 5 ?= >?»«-i5 ?^! p,^ « tc a Cm «3 cS 3 §§«P" t^-C^of^ ^^M^3 0'»-„ci„^^_^ • - c ? sg ■t^ _ b c? 2^1 -3! 03 S O ! ^2 ^ d 2 2« 5| OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 171 ^ft-? -a ;L=o*^ t8 <^S 2 go d -• ^ ■- -riom S •-^bui-^t; S^ p--^P|"!?J|c-p;!PsS!l|I^P. H so >a 3-ca a.?:.s o'o^^ggl'd.-gtt.o 5^::oSi ' c3Sa3wl5?"a 'S^" '^.S'SI^^s&^^I^^Scih" o ^ d O ^ ■d w 3 1- 2 2 n 3 n s 3 s 3 s m d ^ 1 1 1 1 I g ^ ^ ^ ^ o :is: >o lO in lO lO UD in s S5 ?3 S g^ a i1 ll g 1 1 1 1 11 +^ p. £3 1^ 1 3 ^ r 5 J 6 172 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 3 c3 ci 0) S j-°-^ =^^ t:-2 5- g o L-'QpO^-.MO'3„-« O.JL, C O .i ci oj ^ "S"':'-S^-r.*i s^'S-2'S .• g p,>^ "^ g^^.£ i da ^s »s ss'd«^ ^ '^if «"'. § di^ ll^lipPllrfllllpP^sl si OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 173 3k dgofi^^IgS op|..^|| £|l d-^li ^.1-3 i«roS ac^' ce'oS 2S f Sf£-S-a2J3gi'2i_^S5^^ |«K ■"(U|_J" I 'r'r-i— M O ! £ ^ 1 J ^ i J o ^1 o s p 2 2 M Q i s m 3 i 1 hi 1 ^ ^ 1 1 1 00 ^ k^ ^ o lO lO ■c la U3 §5 S 25 2 S 11 OS u , >> >i >> >: 1 g cS CS s c3 ^ § § § S g .: • d .2 1 a L. fe fl 2 3 c 3 s « H fe 03 ^ g 1 "" i |i «• ^ 1 i ,• u t^ _^ > M m 03 .a ■^ 1 « -J *i bo 5 ►q ^q J 5 Q n j j OJ 1 1 *i s s s u 1 •1" J n m n P3 s -1 1 J J l! lI ; S S C6 03 c3 "S 'S « «. A b b< fa fa . ^^^ ■" ~ ~~ ~ X' ^ ^ 1 >i;ir- lO ■^ ■^ lli ?"= - IC o in g s S5 ^ g Is" II i i o O ■^ o ■d QJ i 3 a Oh o 1 *; > 1 5| 1 < .a 3 c3 O a S < m OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 175 a^-s-j^afa^as o'2 ^.tp€ ss^^^l^,^^ l-\g^#-^l °>l-'& •SBBZ'^'OOl ; o o i* « ^?ii^t-4^? -Si i^> 7!-g|;fg^ :>^i:-^^ i^f^i^i ^^JZ^ I'^^^-Z ^'-2t^ SS- oo sSg^ =-^3 osg^^^i g^- c-d^^g oja ess* S|ISiSl|fcl;il|p|.iilPi3llSgl&?&^1i1;^i?ii^if 3 < < fe o S 5 Oh •S 1 « i n m pq hJ M 03 hj p ^ ^ 1 ^" I t 176 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 i Mustered in as private; promoted corporal June 5, '99, per G. O. No. 7, hdqrs. 'M Or. Inf., on S. S. Amtralia; reduced from corporal to private per S. O. No. 161, hdqrs. 2(1 or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Oct. 1, '98; .sick in (lUarters .Sept. lti-19, '98, inc.; Oct. 18-25, '98, inc.; Oct. 26 to Nov. 30, '98. inc. Wounded in action dur- ing battle of Pasig, P. I Mar. 15, 99; sick in Kst re- serve hospital, ^'.anila, P. I., Mar. 15 to May 25, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. Tried bv summarv court Nov. 8, '98, for violation of 3'2d art. of war (aiisent less than 24 hours); sentenced to forfeit SI; tine deducted on Nov., '98, pay roll; tried by summarv court Feb. 10, '99, for violation of 32d art. of war (absent one day); sentenced to be confined Ave days and to forfeit S6; fine deducted on Feb., '99, pay roll; jiav for time absent to be deducted on this roll; siek in quarleis J uly 7-10, '98, inc.; sick in bri- gade liospilal, Manila. 1'. I., Aug. 20 to Sept. 5, '98, inc.; siany D, 2d Or. Inf., per S. O. No. isv, lelsrs. Jd Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Nov. -Ji;, '!is. No ,-i(.iliinj; was issued to him by State. Due .soldier -J... ,1. 1. .sited at Manila, P. I., Mar. 8, '99, AVith Major UnidleMer. Tried l.v summaiA c.uit Sept. 21, '98, for violation of 32d art. of war lale-eni Sept. 1S-2I, '98, inc.); sentenced to forfeit Sill; line deducted on Sept., '98, pay roll; pay for time absent lo lie deducted on tliis roll; tried by summary couii Sept. ;, "tis, for violation of32dart. of war (absent li— tlian I'l hours); .sentenced to forfeit |2; fine dedneied on Sept., '!is, pav roll; tried by sum- mary court .Nov. iJC, -IIS, for violation of 62d art. of war; sentenced i.i lorlVit So; tine deducted on Nov., '98, pav roll; tried liv summarv court Jan. 25, '99, for violation of 62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit $10; fine deducted on .Ian. '99, pay roll; appointed 1 .2 1 1 1 1 1 s Portland- Portland- LaGrande Portland- 1 2 2 ^2 Is 1 i 1 Printer — Carpenter Laborer— II i 1 5 a" 1 1 mm mm i Br. — Br. — Blue- Blue- li a. Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- 1 4^ -^ i ^ ^"= "= ■" "^ ^ ^ =5 S5 S S !. 1 1 Carden, Alfred Carter, Charles E Chandler, Charles W. Connelly, Stephen J. 177 J ^ 5 ^ 3 d o II o c m ft 1-:; Q s a s pq ^ 1 1 :5^ IC ::it lO .o lO to s 55 ?g CO 12 178 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. i Tried by summary court Sept. 22, '98, for violation of 32d art. of war (absent one day); sentenced to forfeit 15; fine deducted on Sept., '98, pay roll; pay for time absent to be deducted on this roll; tried by summary court Nov. l(i, ii--. lor violation of 32d art. of war (ab- sent Nov. 7-l(t, '.N, inc.); sentenced to forfeit «10 and ten days' coniiuenient; fine deducted on Nov., '98, pay roll; pay for lime absent to be deducted on this roll; sick in Isi les.rve hospital, Manila, P. I., May 28 to June 3, '99, inc.; sick in quarters June 4-17, '99, inc.; sick in regimental liospitalJune 17 to July 15, '99, inc.; sick in hospital. Presidio, San Francisco, Cal.. since July 15, '99; all in line of duty. Due soldier ff25, de- po.sited at Caviie, p. I., Aue. 8, '98, with Major Kil- bourne; »15dep -itedat Manila, P. 1., Mar.8, '99, with Major Rochestei-; -20 deposited at Corregidor Island, May 31, '99, witli .Major Coffin. Since completion of this roll this soldier died at United States general hospital, Presiilio, San Francisco, Cal., July 29, '99, at 8:30 p.m. Kinal statements and inventory of effects in duplicate forw arded to Adjutant General, U. S. A., Washington, 1 ). ( '., .luly 31, '99. Tried by general court-martial for violation of 39th art. of war (leaving' post); found guilty and sentenced tobeconrtned at hard labor four months in Bilibib military prison, .Manila. P. I., and to forfeit 810 per month for the same period, per S. 0. No. 28, hdqrs. provost marshal jAcneral, Manila, P. I., Feb. 14,'99; fine deducted on Felj., Mar., Apr., and May, '99, pay rolls. I'ursuant to telegraph orders from War Department, (late.^.2=g-^| 5l...-^£.Sa;| i^l^glllr s"^«5<._.:^.c.a :li^tia:^°t^ ^q 1-1 cq pq 3 3 §■ 1 1 ^^ » ^ ^^ lO 10 in "= E3 S S S 180 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 5 1 Mustered in as private; promoted corporal perS. O. No. 144, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Sept. 3, '98; promoted sergeant jier .S. O. No. 11, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Feb. :!, '99; reduced to private per S. o. No. 3, hd, 'US, per (1. o. No. 7, hdqrs. 'Jd ( )r. Inf., on S. 8. Auslraliii; reduced lo privaJ(> pcrS. O. No. lliO, hdqrs. '2d Or. Inf., dale.l .Manila, P. I., Aug. 1(1, 'IIS; tried by general <-ourl- martial for violation of :!Slb and (iJd ;iiis.ofwar; found guillv and sentenced to forfeit ^I'o per S. O. No. :■)(), hdcn-s. 2d div.,.Sth.\.('., dated Manila, P. I., Oct. ,s, 'liS; 1 1 1 1 1 1 Portland- Portland- s g S May 10- May 10- g : Carpenter Laborer— a B 1 1 5 5 s3 1 1 .J iJ 1 i i 3 3 m li i I 1 ■Soo 00 s ^o o (O ^ as 53 i 1 Green, Thomas Gunn, John E 1 j OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 181 fl f O 111 1 ;h 1 1 w u -^ w fq h:i 3 i 1 il fo fe &< i "^ ^ ta >o lO g g §5 182 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. J Tried by field officers' court-martial May 5, '98, for vio- lation of 32d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours); sentenced to forfeit |:{; fine dediurted on Aug., '98, pay roll; tried by summary court Sept. 17, '98, for viola- tion of ;^2d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours); sentenced to forfeit fH; fine deducted on Sept., '98, pay roll; tried bv summary court .Nov. 7, '98, for violation ot i;2d art. (if war; sentenced to two weeks' confine- ment and to forfeit S5; line deducted on Nov., '98, pay roll; tried by summary court Feb. 10, '99, for viola- tion ot :!'2d art. of wai- (absent one day); sentenced to fivedays'conlineineiil and toforfeitSO; tlnededucted on Feb., '99, pay roll; pay for time ab.sent to be de- ducted on this roll; detailed on special duty in com- missary department pero. No. 2, hdqrs. 1st battalion, •2d Or. Inf., on S. S. Xncpnrl, .lune 11, '99; si(d<; in .|uarters Aug. .'iO to Sept. 10, '9S, inc.; Sept. 22-2(1, '9S, inc.; in line of duty; Oct. 29 to Nov. 2, '9S, inc.; not in line of duty; Nov. 10-'J2, 'OS, inc.; Dec. 21-31, '98, inc.; sick in 1st reserve hospital, .Manila, P. I., Apr. 14-25, 'iio, inc.; sick in (luarters .lune 18-23, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. Sick in (|uartcrs Sept. :;(! to Oct. 4, '9S, inc.; in line of duty. Due soldier 910, deposited at ( 'avite, P. I., Aug. S, 'IIS, with Major K'ilhourne; |.iO deposited at Manila, l'. I., Mav 15, 'DO, with Major Collin. Mustend in as private; promoted corporal per S. O. No. Ill, hdqrs. L'd Or. Inf., dat.d Manila, P. 1., Sept. 3, '9S; reduced to privale p.M' S. O. No. I,S3, Inhirs. '2d Or. Inf., dated Arauil.i, 1'. 1., Nov. !», 'OS; sick in (luar- ters .Inly 12-10, 'IIS, inc.; .Inne 30 to .Inly Ui, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. Due soldier -^70, deposited at Ma- nila, 1". I., .May 15, '90. witli .Major ( 'otlin. Mustered in as privale; promoled sergeant per G. O. No. 7, .Inne .5, 'OS, hd,|rs.2d or. 1 nf , on S. S. vD/.v/mim.- tried bv summarv court Sepl. 19, '98, for violation of e'2d art. of war;" found guilty and reduced to pri- vate and sentenced to forfeit f5; fine deducted on Sept., '98, pay roll per S. 0. No. 151, hdqrs. '2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Sept. 19, '98; tried Ijy summary 1 s 1 1 i Portland- Portland. Portland. Portland- May 10. May 10. May 10. May 10. 1 1 Laborer.. Clerk — Laborer- Clerk .... 11 cs : 1 1 ^ t- _; ^ 5 & S. i i 1 1 1 Br.... Br. ._. Lt.Br. Br. ... i Blue . Br. ... Blue . Blue . a Fair- Fair.- Fair.. Fair.. i 1 4g^ . j . ^o u= .^ ^ g3 g3 2 2 , j Hicks, William A— Kupers, William Leavitt, Kd\vin E.... Marin, Jacob C ORIilGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 183 cq M cq ^ ._; P 3 « g s S- ?5 \ s S y' H ^ A P i b ^ % i- 184 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ! Mustered in as private; promoted corporal per S. 0. No. 148, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Sept. 13, '98; tried by summary court Dec. 1, '98, for violation of .33d art. of war; found not guilty and acquitted; detailed on speeial duty at reginienial headquarters perS. 0. No. Ill, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dat.d Manila, P. I., Sept. 3, '98; relieved from special duly at regimental headquarters per S. 0. No. 1(18, lid.|rs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, 1'. 1., Oct. 7, '98; reduced to private per S. 0. No. 81, hd.irs. 2d Or. Inf., on S. S. Neivport, July 4, '99; detailed on special duty in telei^raph oflice per 5. O. No. 34, hd.irs. 2d Or. Inf., dated San Francisco, Cal., July 18, -99; sick in quarters Oct. 9-20, '98, inc.; Nov. 12-16, '98, inc.; Nov. 29 to Dec. 8, '98, inc.; sick in 1st reserve h.)spital, Manila, P. 1., Apr. 7 to Mar. 1, '99, inc.; .sick in .|iiart.ers June 27-30, '99, inc.; ail in line of duty. Assigned to and j.)ined Company I), 2d Or. Inf., per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dat.'d Manila, P. I., Nov. 2(1, -98. No clothing was issiud to him by State. Due soldiiT 120. deposited at Manila, P. I., Jan. 6, '99, with .Maj.)!' Sh.ary; $40 deposited at Manila, P. I., Mar. 8, '99, with Major Rochester. Mustere.l In as luivate; promoted corporal per G. O. No. 7, hd.irs. L'.l Or. Inf., on S.S. AiiHtr private per S. O. No. 181, hd.irs. 2d Or. Inf., dated .Manila, P. I.. Nov. 3, '98; iri.'.l by summary court 1 ).■(■. 20, '9,S, t.>r violation of (t'd an. .)f war; found truilty and s.'nteuced t.) s.'Ncn days' conline- ment at bard labor; siek in (luarters .luly (J-9, '9s, inc.; May 29 to July 2, '99, inc.; sick in r.jiiinental hosiiital July (i-)7, '99, inc.; sick in .luartcrs J uly 19-22, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. Sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Apr. 25 to May 1, '99, Inc.; in line of duty. Due .soldier |10, de- posited at Cavite, P. I., Aug. 8, '98, with Major Kil- bourne. 1 1 Portland - LaGrande Portland- Portland - 1 May 10- May 10- May 10- May 10- 1 Clerk — Farmer ._ Laborer- Laborer— Where born. Wash. Kan.- Or. -_ Can'da 1 1 D. Br. D. Br. Lt.Br. Br. — 1 J . J 1 1 EQ P3 n PQ || Fair- Fair- Falr- Fair- 1 4| ^ -^ H^ ^'lo in >c in §. S S i5 g < 1 Proebstel, Charles — Reiling, John L i ■a 13 3 Vk" OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 185 ^■^Ck,'.S.S I'd j-S fl^ =a-i«^ S"^ £ cf = I S"^ £"S =? !« = Oo 00 i § j-i ^i'o ^ ;• -s 5 2 p a. .2 ^ o s f .^ s (^ : ril TO ' "■so fT-C a -^ccog-rt lSa^«.2|S|'£:-|ss21 3^' PO bfiS am'-.S » >,Z. oj-^ ..^ • S 0-- 5o| i^i^x2^Si.'^^°|«-|s .g S?o rov.t: ■sis/. No. 14, Sept. 29, '9S; reduced to private per S. O. No. 179, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Oct. 21, '98; tried by sum- mary court Nov. 16, '98, for violation of 3'2d art. of s 1 1 i Portland. Portland- Portland. Portland. s May 10- May 10. May 10- May 10. 1 1 o Teamster Laborer.. Book- keeper. II Ind... Ark... Or. ... 111.... g Br. ... Lt.Br. Lt.Br. i Blue.. Blue.. Br. ... if Dark. Fair.. Fair-. 1 4^^ ^^ 1 ^^ ^in lo in in 85 ^ ?5 20 i Woods, Morton Discharged by order. Fielding S.Kelly.... 1st Lieutenant. .Tnmps West 1 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 189 111^ U MMi^l Silifl ^^^'^ ^^^^IBU ^^I^ Z S s '-; s cf i t ^ -5 ?: 5 ../^ ^ 3 = i ■s -s I s M g ftl 'C53 : 'l-H-C^ Sasszls5ll3lll6l?lsa;ldSS^ss-3|:ol35ls5s3iasldssl .2 1 NO o o 190 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. d corporal per S. O. [ Manila, P. I., Nov. '. I., June 12, '!)!), per if the Pacific and Sth J. O. No. M, A. (i. (X, s 2 J 1 o •; > ._ i •5 »., Mar. 22, '99. d corporal per S. 0. ■Id), Apr. 7, '99. Dis- , '99, per S. No. 157, c and Sth A. C, June A. G. 0., Mar. 22. '99; 1 73 p •5 1 2 1 6 > -" ■- 1 7. i SI 32 S § 1 1 1 to private per K. (). Cavitc, P. I., Auk. 2, K to Com pan v D, 2(1 -M Or. Inf., dated Ma- unnnary court Nov. Sth arts, of war; son- enerai court-martial r; found guilty and O-OrJ - — ■ ' X fi h£ :3 1 IS llili 3^ 1^ ~ E II H 7. ■il'-i ^>'^ 1 1 S - 1 1 1 4_ 1 X s ^' ■Spy fid _0 X 1 1 i >i 1 ^' C bi £fe p 1 WP& iiii 1 " ■d T3 -a . a a 1 1 fe £ c 1 e8 s 5 (S Pk Pk ■* » ^ 1 1 f 1 1 1 1 1 o U3 10 1 ^ ?3 § \i ii %s ^1 a 2 > a 1 3 '3 a eS 1 H 1 Ah fe >. <^ t ^ w :gS •Sy-lagp-'^ll^ila S-aQ- ftS OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 193 f3 £.^t:2 S^^'odil cj: .= r 5i£ -a £" -^^ ;d£' ^ Z * - o '^ O O 0) ,'3 ' o — ^ '*■• :S ^ ■- :a > • .2 >.-/;■= ?•-•>,$' oil a'' SaTd 5 "da; '< 9 cS 5 C te ten W!*J C cSfc ^ Hi i§^ ^; ^pg^ s^'S- .;2 i^ ' - ?,p 'S' t^ !2; § o ^ n « m 3 i s a! s PQ Fair.. 1 Q ^ 1 QC "^ ¥ m la lO in S ^ 85 g S 13 ?- O ^ S C " 1 "5 ^ OS o 194 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 Transferred to hospital corps U. S. A. per S. 0. No. 17, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, Aug. .5, '98, er- roneously transferred from U.S. Vol. hospital corps to Company D.,2d Or. Inf., perS. 0. No. 157, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C., J one 11, '99; ordered dropped from company rolls per instructions from Adjutant General, U. S. A., through chief mustering officer, per S. 0. No. 36, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., Presidio, San Fran- cisco, Cal., July 21, '99. Transferred to hospital corps U. S. A. per S. O. No. 17, hdqrs. dept. of th.> Pacific and 8th A. C , Aug. 5, '98; erroneously transferred from U. S. Vol. hospital corps to Company D. Jd Or. Inf., per S. 0. No. 157, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, June 11, '99; ordered dropped from oompanv's rolls per instructions from Adjutant General, U. S. A., through chief mustering officer, per S. O. No. 36, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., Presidio, San Francisco, Cal., July 21, '99. Transferred to hospital corps U. S. A. per S. 0. No. 17, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, Aug. 5, '98. Enrolled and mustered in as 1st sergeant; reduced to private per S. 0. No. 142, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Ma- nila, P. I., Aug. 29, '98; promoted sergeant Nov. I. '98, per S. O. No. 180, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., and 1st sergeant per Co. 0. No. 18, Nov. 2, '98; reduced to private per S. O. No. 193, 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Dec. 3, '98. Died at 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Feb. 6, '99, at 2 p. M., of "dysentery and perfora- tion;" final statement and inventory of eff'ects in duplicate forwarded to Adjutant General, U. S. A., Washington, D. C, Feb. 21, '99; character, "e.xcellent;" service, "honest and faithful." Died at general hospital, Cavite, P. I., July 28, '98, of "typhoid fever;" final statements and inventory of effects in duplicate forwarded to Adjutant General, U. S. A., Washington, D. C, Aug. 6, '98; character, "excellent;" service, "honest and faithful." This sol- dier was not paid before death. i S ■S 1 1 Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- 1 May 10- May 10- May 10- May 10- May 10- 1 1 Laborer— Millman- Teacher— Hod- carrier. Butcher- ll Ill.— Mo.-..- Pa.— W.Va. Minn. 1 D.Br.- Br. — D. Br. Br. — Br. — a Br. — Blue- Br. — Br. — Blue- Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- 1 ^^ .>^ 1 "^ g U5 iO lO lO lO 1 c5 S ?5 S ^ ' Transfers. Dukes, H.Maltimore Gibbons, David M.... Isenberg, F.Howard- Died. Crowley, Michael P.- Johnson, Edgar J. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Idl o 2 « '^ I' o c " £ ~ ~ - it ?:^-; llill^l >i5 i 2i 2-0 a s J s fa . 1 • o o 5 o s j; ;^ t; ' pq m 1 W 1 *i L. J CQ P CQ 1 ^ CQ cq OQ » m tl J u ,U S-. cj fa fa fa fi fa ^ :^ :i^ ^ ^ lO IC lO U3 o S s s s c5 c § >> «i g g c3 $ i^;S m >> a s g uj 1 i :;3 p^ s >-: r ^ In i t — Q ^ aT •3 A ^ 1 § a " 196 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. S S I! c -6 DC g ^ i §=« o3 2; Is 3s III 11 = c o ■? .a S ^^ .• ^ s " is ^^ o £1 •?^ ~ 3 c "^ "^ .2- T 2 d . ■^ a ^ ^ K E c3 cs a g u ^ ; s 1 •! — c; s -c ± ^ 3 c s i > I ^ i II- ti| s ^ S !^ 4> C "O >i iH I ^ 1 •? 1 M <« 2 ^ -2 5 I =■ 2 a 2 S S £ o o 5 d f u s S « o Ms 2 'S != -g d s ■« § I I s £ o S irt S .« -c a^^ « i . 5 "O o Jh '^ "O .^ a P ^ '^ Z -O X J5 a. a g *^ ^- 3 -g K bO -S — 3 53 > - cj JC I ^ S o Ho- bt .0 = ~ t. .S ^ S S £ oT a = tc cs 3 o =^ M "■ = ill C O ?i 1 S S c3 « ■o S -a ^ h 2 - .= ^ p 11" 2 »- o 3 « " S ^ 3 .a O ^ S r .a* 3 ? _g ^ 2 5 '-' S s ^ s -I =1 - 5d •■= ^ = hi 5 : = i a ~3 d 3 5 5 ^§ S 5 <- ri ° a. - a ' .2 i a P. .a . - e d <- I* -s 1-1 a OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 197 aa a^S-S ?,^^ ^^. §o| 1^1 iSo'Sa K^. - a^s wis aa<=« CIS £s 5 ^ Enrolled May 2, '98, and mustered in as captain May 12, '98; sick in quarters, in line of duty, Dec. 9, '98, to Feb. 1, '99, inc. Enrolled and mustered in as 1st lieutenant: sick in quarters, in line of duty, Oct. 81, '98, to Nov. 6, '98, inc.; in command of company, Dec. 9, '98, to Feb. i, '99, inc., per S. O. No. 158, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8lh A. C, dated Manila, P. I., June 12, '99; due officer difference between pay of captain and 1st lieutenant, Dec. 9, '98. to Feb. 1, '99, inc. . , , , Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; appointed as 1st sergeant per Reg. O. No. 7, May 13, '98; discharged by favor to accept commission Feb. 28, '99; commis- sioned 2d lieutenant Mar. 1, '99; sick in 2d division hospital, in line of duty. Mar. 30, '99, to May 4, '99, inc., and May 20, '99, to June 3, '99; sick in quarters, in line of duty, June 8-12, '99, inc. In the settlement for clothing is included $18.15, total value of clothing issued him by the State; due 2d lieutenant 86.99 for clothing overcharged. Detailed as color sergeant, per Reg. S. 0. No. 128, Aug. 15, '98; relieved from duty as color sergeant, per. Reg. S. 0. No. 18, Mar. 3, '99; appointed 1st sergeant, per Reg. S. O. No. 18, Mar. 3, '99; sick in quarters, in line of duty, Oct. 29, '98, to Nov. 3, '98, inc.; in division hos- pital Dec. 24, '98, to Jan. 11, '99, inc.; sick in quarters June 24, '99, to J uly 12, '99, inc.; in line of duty. In the settlement for clothing is included 811.16, total value of clothing issued him by the State. Deposited Nov. 5, '98, with Major Sears, »20; May 15, '99, with Major Coffin, 830. 1 1 1 1 Portland- Portland - Portland - Portland- g g May 12- May 12- May 12_ May 12- •1 1 Druggist- Grocer — Clerk Carpenter 1 s Scot- land. Ind.- N. Y.- 1 1 D. Br. Lt.Br. Br. — Lt.Br. d ^ Blue- Br. — Blue- Blue- si ^g ?5 ^ ^ gU5 lO U5 "3 1 £; S ^ S Robert E. Davis Captain. Thomas N. Dunbar— 1st LiexUenant. Malcolm S. Jameson- 2rf Lieutenant. Charles P. Mercer 1st Sergeant. 198 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Enrolled and mustered in as corporal; appointed ser- geant May 13, '98, per G. 0. No. 7, May 13, '98; appointed quartermaster sergeant, per Co. O. No. 11, May 1, '99; sick in quarters, in line of duty, Oct. 21-23, '98. inc., and Mar. 10-12, '99, inc. In the settlement for cloth- ing is included 811.10, total value for clothing issued him by the State. Deposited Aug. 8, '98, with Major Kilbourne S40; Nov. 5, '98, with Major Sears, $10; Jan. 9, '99, with Major Sears, $10. Detailed as clerk in brigade headquarters, per S. O. No. 4, June 25, '98; relieved from special duty at bri- gade headquarters, per S. O. No. 47, 1st div., 8th A. C, May 31, '99; relieved as quartermaster sergeant and appointed duty sergeant, per Co. 0. No. 11, May 1, '99; sick in division hospital Mar. 24-28, '99, inc., in line of duty; in quarters June 28 to July 12, '99, inc., in line of duty. In the settlement for clothing is included 811.16, total value of clothing issued him by the State. Enrolled and mustered in as corporal; appointed as sergeant, per Reg. S. O. No. 190, Nov. 30, '98; sick in quarters, in line of duty, June 8-11, '99, inc.; June 20 to July 12, '99, inc.; July 16-27, "99, inc.; in line of duty. In the settlement for clothing is included 811.16, total value of clothing issued him by the State. Deposited Nov. 5, '98, with Major Sears, 820. Enrolled and mustered In as private; appointed cor- poral, per Reg. S. O. No. 169, Nov. 25, '98; appointed sergeant, per Reg. S. O. No. 17, Mar. 2, '99; sick in quarters, in line of duty, Oct. 5-31, '98, inc.; tried by summary court Sept. 17, '98, for violation of 32d art. of war (absence without leave 24 hours); sentenced to forfeit 85; fine deducted on Oct. pay roll; tried by summary court Sept. 22. '98, for violation of 32d art. of war (absence without leave 48 hours), and for viola- tion of 83d art. of war (absent from guard mount and from retreat); sentenced to forfeit 815; fine deducted on Oct. pay roll; pay for time absent to be deducted on this roll. In the .settlement for clothing is included $11.16, total value of clothing issued him by the State. Deposited Mar. 8, '99, with Major Rochester, 810. i f I 1 1 Portland- Portland - Portland- Portland- May 12. May 12- May 12. May 12- 1 1 Waiter-.. Clerk .... Clerk ...-. Musician Can'da Md.- Or. — Cal. - t 1 i D. Br. Lt.Br. Br. — Light- Blue- Blue- Blue- Blue- if Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- t 4^ "^ ^ ^^ ^lO U3 us lO 1 s s s ?s 1 Harry J. Hayes 2d Sergeant. Rezin D. Hewitt 3d Sergeant. Harry Anderson ith Sergeant. The-odore L. Gamble. Sth Sergeant. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 199 ^■7.^ r^.2s=ji"5.Si ^Sf^^^v'fl J = ,s..-^§r-Q«^s,^2g3 isa .'sp ^s &5 ?,3-^^ 5i = --25'S « ^^55 g: ^d ro5 s§' I aim a?fl|l.255uf^|3 ^< fl a2.slis| as2s| aa^s^i aa^PccS ^ 3 1 3 M 3 3 Q u fe 1 1^ 1 ^ ^ S ^ 2 ^ ^ "= in lO lO "= in in 200 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. S'S§2i^H£§^ 5 !=#S'J= S£s'^' a a 0"~ •SlsfS^I S£^".S|^ mum pass's »;?^ lis Si Ki CD "i-: c^sS ilMl-i Iss-sSJSi rt^KMii- -0,3 1 osli^l il--^ 5.S l§^ is«i5: llilll ii|^ = 5^2 c ?!Ilii-l?tlfl! ll|;pll!!lil ■o M J •^ ■o a 3 1 1 3 .o 3 s o o o ■8 Cm 03 n, a, d. N _; d !N 1 £ ^ — ' (M ;^ s s >j >. >» >> >, s ^ c3 3 •-J eS C3 ce :^ § § § § i 1, 1 B 1 1 C 3 I. 1 a i s a i C5 k .2 H o § o s i; L^ 1 c > n m i m i 1 ^ -J tJ . b J hj PQ P n J ji a! 1 j = s 3 1 fQ 5Q « M B s s ^ .J jj T!~ 1 S 1 8 r* 'S •S ■i '3 5 ^ 6h fe fc &. fc « 4^ ";5t^ ~\S 1 1 t- 05 a, ^•u. lO >o lO u. -<; g S S 2 OS U' d'^ ■ai '■s 1 ~ ■ « S J s -ii ,3 o II If a .o Vi 1 "^ w § ^ 5 1 p •a » t^ c J c3 n 1. •s & ^ 2? v -3 1-5 fo o > H l.^- f' "^^^ t ^ r -^M^it^ • '> ■ r^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 201 S5 a I ^ S k p.r Keg. 0. No. 9, Jan. 1, '99; sick in quar- ters, in line of duty, Sept. 28 to Oct. 4, '98, inc.; Oct. .5-14, 'IIS, in.-.; Nov. 17-19, '98, inc.; Dec. 14-16, '98, inc.; indivisi.)n h.)spital Apr.9-27, '99, inc.; May 30 to June 4, '99, inc.; detailed in commissary department July 8, '98, p.-i- Keg. 0. No. 9, July 8, '98; relieved from spe- cial dulv per Reg. G. O. No. 10, Aug. 12, '98. In the settlem.nt for clothing is included 811.16, total value of clothing issued him by the State. Sick in .|uarters, in line of duty, July 8-10, '98, inc.; Oct. 3-16, 'IIS, inc.; Jan. 2-11, '99, inc. In the settlement for clothing- Is included 811.16, total value of clothing issue.l liim by the State. Deposited May 15, '99, with Major ('.,11111,815. Sick in. iuaiters,in lineof duty, June 16-21, '9S,inc. In the s.iil.niont for clothing is included 111.16, total valu. ol .•l.)thing issued him by the State. Deposited Aug. s, '..(s, with Major Kilbourne, 815; Nov. 5, '98, with MaJ.tr Sears, 825. Enrolle.l and mustered in as sergeant; reduced to pri- vate perS. O. No. 1 (field series), 2d Or. Inf., Mar. 16, '99. In the settlement for clothing is included 811.16, total value of clothing issued him by the State. i i s •S 1 1 Roseburg Portland Portland Portland Portland Portland Portland 1 July 12. May 12. May 12. May 12. May 12. May 12. May 12. .i Teacher.. Teamster Farmer. - Laborer-. Painter -- Helper . Printer .. II t s i; o =: o c O W O M HH « M 1 Blk... Br. ... Br. ... Br. ... Br.... Br. — Lt. Br. i Br.... Br. — Blue - Br.... Gray. Br..- Blue. ^i Pair- Light Fair- Fair.. Fair-. Fair- Fair.. i 4g^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ . ^^ ^io ,n lo "C lo ic lo c? §5 2 § S S S j Agee, Zopher N Babb, Andrew A Basey. Robert W Boynton, Clyde Bradley, Alfred L.... Brown, Allen M OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 203 ■d o. 03^ |2i O D 25^' "^ S=«'S^£d3nU3s=-s::--SflOSo S ^ a*^ "oaoj^'^S'Ot^ -""c J.^3 :.4,ao.2aa.2 I l||l!|i|plllt^- P^^s- f;i 5=^^211^^.11 §^ lis mm !>ah.3^a. I'S^S' 1 1 5^ H ^ s 3 S i-q 2; .a d > M a" c 1-5 Q M 2 M 3 s i 1 1 i 1 ^ 1 00 i 1 rt ^ 3^^ lO lO U5 in >n U5 2 S§ g s £ ?? fe i i S a w tf .J < 204 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 1 Sick in division hospital in line of duty Mar. 25 to Apr. 26, '99, inc.; causid by gunshot wound in left shoulder. In the setthiuent for clothing is included SI 1.16, total value of ,lolhing issued him by the State. Deposited .Vug. s, 'IIS, with Major Kilbourne, $10; Sept. 21, 'OS, with .Major Sears, $15; Nov. i"), '98, with .Major S,>ars, Sl.^); Jan. 0, '99, with Majm- Sears, $10; May l.\ 'OO, with .MaJ,)r Coffin, $10. Enrolled and musiend in as private; joined company by enlisiment per S. ( (. No. 119, hdqrs. dept. of the I'acilic and sth .\. ( '., .Nov. 24, '98; sick in quarters in lineof dulv .\i)r. 1 b) .May 8, '99, inc.; July 2-12, '99, inc., in hospital. Noclolhlngissued him by theState. Sick in hosi,ital, in line of duty, Sept. 1-5, '98, inc.; in quarters Sept. 11 to Oct. 7, '98, inc.; Oct. 20 to Nov. 26, ■OS, inc.; Jan. 17-ls, 'OO, inc.; Feb. 9-18, '99, inc.; in reg- iin,nlal hosi)ital .Mar. 24 to Apr. 3 '99, inc. In the s, iileineni for clothing is included $11.16, total value of <'loiliiiig issued him by the State. .I,,ine,l .-om pany by enlistment per S.O. No. 119, hdqrs. d,pl. of the I'acilic and SM, A. C, Nov. 24, '98- sick in (juarters in lineof dutv .\pr. i;^-23, '99, inc. Nocloth- ing issued him bv theState. Tried by tield oilic. rs' court Aug. b, '98, for violation of 88d art. of war (absent from reveille roll call Aug. 4, '98); sentenced to forfeit- $1; tine deducted on July and Aug. \y.\y roll; tried hy summary court Nov. 10, '98, for violation of ojd art. of war; .sentenced to for- feit$10aiid to coniinemeni 1 hirty days at hard labor; fine dedu<-led on Nov. and D,'c., '98,' pay rolls; tried by summ.ary ourt .Mar. 10, '!I0, for violation of 62(1 art. of war; seiitenceil i,> forfeit one month's (lay $1.5.60); line ,l,.,liicled on .Mar. and Apr., '99, jiay rolls; sick in quarters in line of duty Aug. 20-21, '98, inc.; Sept. 29 to Oct. 10. 'OS, inc.; Mar. 28 to .\pr. :!, '99, inc. In the .settlem.'iit for clothing is included »I1.16, total value of clothing issued him by the State. Depos- ited Aug. 8, '98, witli Major Kilbourne, $20. i 1 ■a 1 fe g Portland- Portland. Portland. Portland Portland May 12. June 16- May 12. June 16- May 12. i 1 Tailor.... Farmer — Farmer.. Engineer. Boiler- maker. ii Cal. .- Or. ... Or. ... Wash. Neb. - g 1 Br. ... Br. ... D.Br. Br. ... Br.— Eyes. Blue . Blue - Br. .__ Blue ^ Blue . IJ Fair.. Fair- Dark. Fair.. Fair.. 1 ^-^ ">" 00 "^ ^^ ^'lO .O lO lO 1(3 J 2 8 S S S 1 c 1 Dolan, Walter Doughty, Albert F... Dutt'ey, Austin Fitzgerald, FM J. .... OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 205 o30o .5Ej:3^t; s^^:^^ . !-• . ..-e (D o r OHh ►^'C I CJS ;-n. S.-'CsS'C Eb Ec a >> 6 w m (S- 3 3 S 3 ■J ■a 1 1 1 1 i ^ 1^ X :c ^ iti 10 in 10 10 10 3 g £; ?S gs ?^ 206 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. i 1 Tried by summary court Nov. 8, '98, for violation of 33d art. of war (absent from drill and reti-eat roll call); for violation of 38th art. of war (drunk at retreat roll call); .sentenced to forfeit 810; fine deducted on Nov. and Dec, '98, pay roll; si(k in quarters in line of duty, Oct. 5-10, '98, inc.; Apr. i:i-17, '99, inc.; May 29 to June 1, '99, inc. In the settlement for clothing is included 811. Mi, total value ofcldthingissued him by the State. Deposited Aug. 8, 'DS, with Major Kilbourne. 820; May 1.5, '!»!», with Major Oollin, $25. Joined <-ompany by enlistment perS. O. No. 119, hdqrs. (hqit. of the Pacilic and Sth A. C, Nov. 24, '98. No elothintr issued him by t he State. Joined ((.mpany by enlistment per S 0. No. 119, hdqrs. ilepl. of the Pacirtfand sih A. C, Nov. 24, '98; sick in quarters, in line of duty, Apr. 8-29, '99, inc. No cloth- in^' Issued him by the Slate. Detailed on special duty per Reg S. O. No. 1.37, Aug. 25, '9S; relieved from special duty per S. (). No. 171, Oct. 17, ".)S; on duty as Colonel's orderly from Mar. 12 '99, to date of muster out: tried bv summary court Dec. 1(1, 'IIS, for violation of 33d art. of war (absent from fatigue and ab.sent without leave 21 hours); for viola- tion f)r 32d art. of war, sentenced to forfeit 82; fine de- ducted from Nov. and Dec, '98, pay roll; pay for time absent to be deducted on thi.s roll; sick in division hospital, in line of duty, June 16-18, '98, inc.; Oct. 22 to \oy. 1, '98, Inc.; Nov. 4-7, '98, inc. In the settlement for clothing is included $11.10, total value of clothing issnetl liiin by the State. Sick m quarters, in line of duty, Aug. 28 to Sept. 2, '98, inc.; Sept. 13-15, '98, inc. In the settlement for cloth- in- is included 811.16, total value of clothing issued him by the State. JoiniMl company by enlistment per S. 0. No. 119, hdqr.s. dept.orthe Pacirtcandhth A. C, Nov. 21, '98: .sick in quarters, in line of duty, June 14-30, '99, inc. Nocloth- ing issued him by the State. 1 1 1 1 1 1 Portland- Roseburg Portland- Portland- Portland. Portland- 1 May 12- June 10- June 16. May 12- May 12- June 16- 1 Brick- layer. Laborer- Laborer— Clerk Butcher- Logger — 11 N.Y.- Pa. — Or. __- Cal. - Iowa- Ger- many. 1 1 ^5 « ' ! ! i : ^ n pq n n pq 1 Blue- Blue- Blue- Blue- Blue- Blue- ll Fair- Falr- Falr- Falr- Fair- Fair- 1 4^ ^^ . -^ ^00 ^lo ta m >a lo >« . 1 S ^ 2 ?3 S ?? I Hunter, John A Inman, Clifton L Johns, Summerel, Jr. John.ston, Thos. W. - Knight, William Lilienthal, Carl OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 207 ■" !- ,• ■; -»^ -rt •;« c d IJ''5 "d c ■ r o -.'_• -2 J. S 'w t^ " '^ taT.S t»i oo'^-rS £ OCT'S 5? aio>o I!!i|i4li|ia!iii!i 111 mA Si? ! s^s .-^irg=--^g5^_f^g*s3or:;|i^ „ = :> :°^'=«^-:r'a&s r! — ja. my^mmm ^ wmmm li2ife-|iil^liSllll£lslllS|l3IS|.sS8l^|a-s-|||i|8 Ph ^ i "2 ^'2 1^ 1-1 u M pq 3 3 3 3 S n W 1 s 1 i 1 ^ t~ ^ ^ ^ Ifl U3 10 in Si 5! S 22 2 ^ ^ s s 208 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 s Appointed lance corporal per Reg. S. 0. No. 105, July '20, '98; appointed corporal per Reg. S. O. No. UO, Aug. 27, '98; reduced to private per Reg. S. 0. No. '203, Dec. 16, '98; sick in i- Kilbnurne, 820; Nov. 5, '98, with Major Sears, tv): Mar. s, ''.lii, with Major Sears, 820; May 15, '99, with .Ma.|..r ( 'uiiin, 820. Joined company by eiili-inient per S. O. No. 119, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and stii a. C, Nov. 24, '98. No clothing issued him l)y tlie Sttite. Sick in quarters, in line- uf duty, Aug. 2^-28, '98, inc.; Oct. 1-13, '98, inc.; Jan. 2 .;, '99, inc.; May 29 to July 11, '99, inc. In the settbineiit for clothing is included 811.16, total value of clothing i.ssued him by theState. i 1 1 Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- Roseburg Portland- g g May 12- May 12. May 12. May 12- May 12- June 10- May 12- i 1 Student- Printer — Student- Farmer— Laborer- Rider — Barber— li Texas Or.- Kan. - Or. -.- Mich. Or. - J f 1 Lt.Br Br. — Lt.Br. Br. — Br. — D.Br. D. Br. Blue - Blue- Blue- Br. — Blue- Blue- Blue- II Falr- Fair- Fair- Fair— Fair- Fair— Fair— 1 4^^ ^^ ^^ o . o ^^ ^>0 lO lO lO lO lO IC -«1 ^ =5 2 =5 S5 85 g i 5 McKinlay.Jos.F Newman, Chas. L. Nicholas, Byron R— NorLhway, Joseph E. Ogle, Volney S Patterson, Charles— Powell, Alvin H OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR, 209 a" i a ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^\" lO lO lO in U3 « r -r ~ l:i — .i _ ^^•-■ 7; .ir; > i _2_ !l" >- 5^ "5'" i 5 T'^ ^ r -_ ^ "£ .^ i 5 5 |-|5 X ~ J i ■^ 1^ ■r 7 5t i '5 = ^ III c3 2 c 1 II 1 - -'zu 1 ■J. = 1 ■;( ^- •i E'^ >. C'i - -3, f" z. >y y. lip 5 III ill 1 6f - - = 13-5 C Cm > l}lii|illli 1 ■a -s -d ■3 ^ ■3 ^ -3 a s £ CS « :« 1 a ■3 :3 S "3 :3 3 !± ;-. I- t. O 1 •8 S ^ Ph S D3 P^ P^ Ph ^q ~ 1 ~ S ^ ^i ?i 2 £ !N 1 i OS >a 3 ^ 2 ^ 3 3 1^ l ^ S § § •-7 S § 1 C ■- 1 i.' 3 1 J >i 2 -^ 1 .is ■ ^ 5 •3 S 1 ■3 3 1 15 S3 •2 = H K ^ *3 3 ^ S 1 1 |l i 5 s' 1 1 .= J ^ P3 P3 1 ' t.' c «• t.' m C5 K M n J P pq » j j 0) 1 1 1 •S" -' 3 « s s 3 S n W s a ■^ J J J S 8 "^ S f- r* 5 r=* :e r=* § Bl, * t, b •^ »< &^ i s "^~ s ^"^ :^ ^^" g; ■SjiO 2 s CO C5 TJI ■^ ^- ^ in ^o~ ICl .c in 10 -5 s S =5 S5 2 ^ 22 S , i 1 < pi ■3 T. i — e s 2 5C c 'S 1 •3 OS c o -^ " ^^siiy- 0) CD.; •S=c«\- .CSM-5& .^o-c^ ■S"o, ;^a> •C^tSC s S ^ °^ o °^ o ri ;S o - — • . ^ — _i •-< -3 ., _r "2 Tii — . .-"^t; ' (1) fl 1^5-a^O' s=^s-;; ^a^ roo^l<«dcss2r/r.2 sa.2 « 5.>^ 0*5'^" «••= h.S bis: o ™ s ra k; " -; • » , r-*^ "D o oj c -J, ^ M^ --^ S d =--^ ft -S =« "^ ?? ^ o P-S .M H ^i"a;|'3a^|^^^ Si5S^4^^ Sias<:o.S-2^ ^ ^ « 5 § 1h' id' i 3 PQ M 3 s «■ 5-1 fc i 1 • i 1 ^^ « ■<(> t- ^ •0 in 10 lO 10 10 g ?3 =3 ?5 g 1 ^' 2 i i . 53 w ?: 1 "^ J ?: 212 as bC-fl oa S3 eS ^t & • fa fa fa fa fa i 4s<^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ 2 ^"3 lO LO IC in ORE(JON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 213 ^^^^^ „ iJ'O.g |=r^^g- .^■5-5 -2« _.iSo53^->5 ^f-So •' •■ »: cj o a t; . — '^ c t. == ^ Sa* s:.?s ,'5 g 'C fl yl!iiKo'ai!|l?ll?si:ll!sli Oi o ii o s

o s g ^ lO in lo in lO "= lO S S S; § s? g IS 214 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. .a a y = - 1 't4 B ^ 1 C s i 5t 2^ l!>Jlsi*:i °1 -S.ee 1 3 c 1 ! 2 1 ^ i ^ f. y. 1 ?r "C X . -i i £..^ i<^r^i'Eii zc{- 'J~ , i b i i i :!- 1 1 1 i L-; z ■?-r = -' -■/. •• ~ 1 B ~< — r 7 i;^::iyi-5^l 8 1 iit 7 £ i •7- 5 1 f :Z ii t 1 7;.? p i' ■z E-'^ i 1 1=1 >■ _~ ^.^^n^-E^''^ ~B 5 1 1 :^. t ; .^ 5 V o' i ^•?' W|.-" i At,-=y. 5 ^' Id 1 ^ ^ 1 ^ 7 ^ 4 1 ^ -i ft % -- £ "" 1 -' 2 Use |i III 1 S i ill t, 5 1 i| 51 o'a.a2c»P Illl'iii^^Jsslilll i ■e ■a ■c -d •c c c •S i _^ S i •a k l> o •8 Oh Si Hi (i CL, N "^ d >o 1 1 1 g >» >» ^ 2 >J g c3 Oi es' s 03 ^ _?_ § g 3 § 1 — • 1 ■iJ i' i 1 ■a = J s 5 CO !:3 £ g >^" .2 1 ■C 1 o 15 o i 1 Q «■ S J T 0) 1 OI 1 * s s H 3 ffl 3 li sJ ^ ^ i^ J "3 "3 '5 '3 % fe b fe fe £! i 4r" ;¥ ^ x> 0= £'■'' >o U3 U3 1^ $5 s s SB =^ 3 05 .2 i 1 il -<■ < 1 5 1 II i < i 1 5 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ^ c8 -^ £ oToi" ft ^- '"' = 0) ^ .S 3 ^ ■g 6.2S t«0'c tt.a .s o , i.= ^.SSSS oj-a 02 u 1 p 3 w 3 S 1 1 2 1 10 ^ 03 s ' M ^ ^a" M "2 oj d ~ ^ o 2 a 5 ^ S^ o 5 ft c :^ << cs oTi-; o 22 Oh' -C _ '-' ^ £ c3 ^ ^ C 0) S 5SS =j -It; =^ .rt r lit Ph' t S" oTSS 3 ^1 Ph 1 Ph 'C „• cS . c3 - O P a< oS siliil -a S -C 43 ■a ti 3 op' 2 "^ <2 t- s fe .2' ^ '■2^ 3 S^ S ^ -C 2 3 ■-: c3 > CO , 5' S » > ss- 2 S fe- ■= o g 2 ; 3 " ftS '-^ ^^ 2 1.30° ' o ^ ■►^ a I ■£ t^ -o ft - OS ii ;? = -S Ph ^ 1 6 i ' a '^ H •3 ^ S ce y a -; i i I ^ fc 5^5 c^p: to g ^ g tr U Pi CLi 215 216 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. o bl r-i So •4^ be 01 a £.2 t>0^ 511 a 2^ ^ s If o aj So .AS 3 coco' 5 -S : " -rt -H fc^ tj .- a ■SA'-iT^ O) t^-c O 2.JI. ho-- j2! ; 5i^^i=^2 5-2 ~ 2 2 !» 1) c3 CD Op CC Q^S • , LX •ss« K-^"-'- do "'"■^ .J^- ^a-^^'^'"=*•^.HS?J' - S ^ Q fcC t, - ^ ATS ?e^"=f^ :s£ c a 9 S - ! cc-T^-^aH-;' 'i'd 3i 3 o . S ^ 2 °= O aj ati S'^' O C fl 5 S»:^^S5 -O s ai-J-^i-, ♦; t;< 0) 2 rt ..a *" N ^ ■a o=fgf « a 2»? 6 ^ 1 1 II ^ 4 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 21' •- '3 9i>> "o2 CO... C o oj ■5 m'Sc 5.[i, c i ■'-' S^^ =» . Iter* i =«dft^^£--.2«f lo.C'^ ^Xl^, T. iSSi ■ft!/! ^c3 4>a:e5J aSao g'c.: fe* ;^ s p 05 ^^ ^ g; 10 "= lO 218 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 219 X 0^-03 !o.H.: ^ t. - i ?' iT 5 s. •o'':"-^ gWng-o .'X.S'o c^ >.s=s = ^":^- ' his Sl rS^^^llVsS So^- ^^fllftHls^l-?' .=S = llip^'^'i? ^Mrt-S'OtiXSciO .a m H fa X cs 1 1 3 « m i 3 s i 3 cq 3 3 i 3 1 l! i ^ 1 ■ 1 » -^ -^ ^ "^ r,. 10 m 10 U5 10 "= § 5J ao ?5 ?3 s i! j! Jl SI i! 220 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 'C Cd ,-r -"" o^ -• fl oT-, S ^.? jJfe .a5 ■S^ rt. a- 1 ax :: ■nXt^ 3'= ^^'-S '^u'^ ^?S p.>«o ■°|^ si's o --^ •■a -ajst C8 g r1 . i ° " «« 'sn-^' 3 * ,0 p.£: ^c^ '=5i^'a; r?;^ a = -=5 flat !?i^'~S „■ ., JS ;3 30 ra S '^2~. 'tL'C^ CUri, OJ;- CS— Ol Its OS . a: C -- • ^ g ^ .b 0) .^ts n - ' '^ S: ,^ -r^ '".rt''^hti^--^~'^'"'r!ajt;-S^"><, rots'. sa'.-,*^ |c: g^55«<| S-§;5 1 §^ «^ 5-? 2^ = S-S a^^. = 2 5 £ & o S ao|.2 i M MM ■P ^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 221 c^>^"^§ ci^c^-S^' i^'iS^^^z 5 s fa J fa o o a ^ ffi «■ H 1 ^ S 3 s 3 3 s 1 1 1 fa 1 g 35 ^ ^^ ^^ ^ "= ^ lO ■o s § 2 s ^ 222 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. eS 2 ^'t-r- S T AT- b -^ g (3 o b POg =w' 5 P o c >, '■C 3 "^ CO ^ 52^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR, 223 S§^ ia32'=' X3Smcc5 ^& -a.o -' !=i!sllilll s-i*' ca2 r:f5=«r=i 1"^ -A^f-^r^v^.Z-^J^Z^lt, !0^ X C o ■"cs ^^ s 2 =* a-Tg < o a C c3 o 32 OQ a 3 o d ^ ^ M w m «■ 1 1 ^ a. U-l ■o IC ?3 ?s S3 224 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Card ^-ao^.^ g ^2:^«^^l-ii §a^C-5 -iE- liyilKllillKlill iii->-^7|5-f||5g.£=§>^ IPId.spl = =o ;: p» s C- ^ S O OJ Z "-"^ i ^ ^ 'x =: . O ^ c 6 S OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 225 'ii ^gs. O i." atr''f.-. ,— J3 '5 3 «3 " c cSfi Hi ^ 3— 0/ bS?o<« • ^l^^^^^t: o o ai,. . o a b£ f i^ . ..>^ rr-i 9 JS i_ Oi " ~ g? s; t3 i ^•. :: . _.• "Ci S -^ '_ H ^ m -■ 'T od 3; >: C^S^uf i 2 g'"^ 2^ S §1 ".g '5,2 S 1-^^%^^ 2 §^^-g;-2 'S| o| ^ > ado o ' i: H g M d *1 r§ 1 >^ S a" H" & ^" jj sJ m 1 M 03 « *5 -^ J « 1-5 Q J 1 1 0) 05 Da a 35 15 226 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 i Enrolled and mustered in as private; with detachment of Oregon recruits from June 18 '98, to Nov. 24, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '98; tried by summary court Dec. .:i , 'us, on four cliarges, for viola- tion of :«d and 33d arts, of war; .sentenced to forfeit $1 on each charge (abseni less than 24 hours); fines de- (iueh d on Jan. and I'eh., '99, pay roll; in confinement I'el). 21 to Mar. 13, '99, inc.; relea.sed without trial. No Sl.ateclolhing issued. Enrolled and mustered in as private; sick In quarters May 27-L'!), '9,S; Aug. 7-8, '98; feept. 8, '98; Oct. 9-13, '98; 1 lec. ,;o. '.K, to Jan. 3, '99; in regimental hospital May 2;» to .June 2, '98; Aug. 6-7, '98, all dates inc.; all in line of dn(v. Enrolled and mustered in as private; joined company by enlistnientat Presidio, San Franci.sco, Cal.; .sick in .o2 -■'•'"— ^"2 ;£.§ --2 fl - ^ri~^-r5 >:s =■» 5 S?:-3 g a p = a „=■ = x£ £3li'-3C:l| i ill i sell?" 5 ;1 £ E^ J OS "S i o m K M i 3 s 3 1 s 5h 1 1 I. 1 i-O i OS i ^ 228 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 Enrolled and mustered in as private; sick in quarters June 6-13, '98; July 13-15, '98; July 29-30, '98; Aug. 29 to Sept. 1, '98; Mar. 4-6, '99; Mar. 1.5-16, '99; May 19-23, '99; May 25-27, '99; June 1-5, '99, inc.; in Une of duty; in quarters Nov. 27 to Dec. 10, '98, inc., not in line of duty; in 1st reserve hospital May 23-25, '99, inc., in line of duty; in division hospital Dec. 10 '98, to Jan. 12, '99; in regimental hospital Jan. 12 to Mar. 4, '99, inc., not in line of duty. Depo.sited with Major Kilbourne S15, Aug. 8, '98. Enrolled and mustered in as private; with detachment of Oregon recruits from June 21 to Nov. 24, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '98; tried by sum- mary court Feb. 20, '99, for violation of 32d art. of war (ab.sent Feb. 6-8, '99, inc.); sentenced to forfeit one month's pay; fine deducted on Jan. and Feb., and Mar. and Apr., '99, pay rolls; pay for time absent de- ducted on .same rolls. No State clothing issued. Enrolled and mustered in as private; sick in quarters May 22, '98; July 6-7, '98; July 31 to Aug. 5, '98; Sept. 2-6, '98; Oct. 25-27, '98; Nov. 2-7, '98; June 23, '99, inc.; in regimental hospital June 12-16, '99; June 25-2S, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. Deposited with Major Kil- bourne f5, Aug. 8, '98. Enrolled and mustered in as private; with detachment of Oregon recruits from June 18 to Nov. 24, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '9S; sick in quar- ters May 9-11, '99, inc.; in field brigade hospital May 11-24, '99; in 1st reserve hospital May 24-29, '99, inc., in line of duty. No State clothing issued. Enrolled and mustered in as corporal; tried by sum- mary court Feb. 20, '99, for violation of 32d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours); sentenced to reduction from corpoi'al to private, and to forfeit one month's pay; reduced from corporal to private per Reg. S. 0. No. 14, dated Feb. 21, '99; fine deducted on Jan. and Feb., and Mar. and Apr., '99, pay rolls; sick in quarters Oct. 29-30, '98; Dec. 29, '98, to Jan. 1, '99, inc.; in divi.sion hospital Oct. 30 to Dec. 29, '98, inc.; all in line of duty. 1 1 1 i Portlaud- Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- 1 May IB- June 21- May 13- June 18- May 18- 1 1 Butcher— Elevator operator. Farmer- Laborer— IJ H, L- Can'da Ind.- Wis— 1 1 « .; (5 ffl M P W C P P 1 Br. — Blue- Br. _- Br. — Blue- li Fair- Dark- Fair- Dark_ Fair- s 1 r^ ^ ^ ^ . ^m u: lo lo in 1 =5 ?3 55 ^ S :« Martin, Fred N Montague, James Mohr. Charles Mullen, Frank Milligan, Wm. O OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 229 ft'H Sf-o' 11 .^;=-; ;c2 = S " • - •- '- ■ 1) ■" CO ^*'" ft«fi >.x-a dSL'g.a = =s=3 o^. ' bJD' S ^ .1 fc. « SiK.2 fe .35 S 1 1 1 1 cS 1 1 1 >< d j£ > 1 s o !2i as ^ 5^ O • 1 j I ;j 1 m 1 1 m L. « Q w W w M tj £ i ^ ^ ^ S 1 CO t- ^ • 1 -^ OS ^ lO IC "= "= U3 U3 "= 230 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. P3 2 £ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 231 MS :-S^'^b>^ft«'^t^^J.5p'5 csajs oscc^ cScK cjCC .S^.S.SgiS •S §f S ^ I^PI'^S 1^1^ 0) oi -oj oj 3. ^a^S =l#^iP^ UU '"Jo ' s O p 3 ^ M o CO cj cS g M § § § O ^ s 1 1 1 j; 1 1 ; 1 m '• W DP M « hj W pq Q fe ^ fe g ^ 1 o ^ ^ ^^ g ^^ c in lO lO in lO in m S 85 ^ S ^ g SJ 232 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. i i Enrolled and mustered in as 1st sergeant; discharged Jan. 30, '99, by favor, to accept commission; discharge and final statement given; service, "honest and faith- ful." Due soldier 86.77, excess charge for State cloth- ing, not paid him when discharged. Deposited with Major Kilbourne 850, Aug. 8, '98; deposited with Major Sears 820, Oct. 20, '98, clothing account at date of dis- charge, due soldier, 825.95. Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; discharged at Manila, P. I., Nov. 9, '98, per telegraphic instructions from Adjutant General, tJ. S. A.; discharge and final statement given; .service, "honest and faithful." Due soldier 87, excess charges for State clothing, not paid him when discharged. Deposited with Major Kil- bourne «60, Aug. 8, '98; clothing account at date of discharge, due soldier, 817.01. Enrolled and mustered in as corporal; promoted from corporal to sergeant Nov. 18, '98, per Reg. S. O. No. 186, same date; sick in quarters July 27-29, "98, inc., in line of duty; discharged June 12, '99, per S. O. No. 157, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C. dated Manila, P. I., June 11, '99; discharge and final stateinentglven; service, "honest and faithful;" ordnance charged at date of discharge, 81.15; clothing account at date of dLscharge, due soldier, 824.73. Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor- poral from private Aug. 2, '98, per Reg. S. O. No. 116, •same date; discharged Dec. 19, '98, per telegraphic in- structions from Adjutant General. V. .S. A., dated Dec. 17, '98; discharge and final statement given; service, "honest and faithful." Si(dv in (luarters July 29-30, '98, inc., in lineof duty. Due s. , Idler, 86.86, excess charge for Slate clothing, not paid him when dis- charged; clothing account at dat<' <>f discharge, due soldier, #29.66. Deposited with Major Kilbourne 85, Aug. 8, '98; ordnance charged on Nov. and Dec, '98, pay roll, 80.47. Enrolled and mustered in as private; discharged at Manila, P. I., Sept. 25, '98, per telegraphic instructions i 1 1 s Portland. Portland- Portland. Portland. Portland. 1 May 18. May 13- May 13. May 13- May 18. t Lawyer.- Student.. Dyer Clerk Barber... II Or. ... Wis... Or. — Ohio-- Or. — 1 t 1 h^ CQ q Q in 1 Blue.- Br. ... Br. ... Br. ... Blue.. if Fair.. Fair- Fair.. Fair-. Fair.- 1 4 . . ^ ^ ^' 10 10 10 lO lO -5 ?5 ^ s § ^ 1 Discharged by favor. C. H. Meussdorflfer, Jr. tst Sergeant. Discharged by order. Arthur C.Stubhng.- Sergeant. Wm. C. Johnston Sergeatit. Cln.vp Tnp-man Corporal. Privates. Buchanan, John C — OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 53 = ^ :o J^ U3 lO i(3 ^ S §! 234 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 235 _g 7 .-S b^ c3 • 5— a; ^t S c a": - .S .(P -^ ^gsgpSgp- "SS o's S^ •- "O . eS — .2 ; 3 CQ'O •'' o. ■•'=•0 -OQdgj.-^ ao2' ""' S^ * S-='^^£"^-^ o g^f I ^1 Sf 6^ I ^ o gP^-SS 33 p.!<5 >^ 3 r-.V- 5.-<--a o-SCr; c= ' M Ph p: 15 O 1 pq W 3 m 3 _tj 1 =D g ^' >o U5 lO § s 63 236 OREGON VOLUNTEEES IN SPANISH WAR. O CL r - i is s 1 d z 1 2S.S |=i|s s P >- 5 3c i ■a oj 1 $~' X - - ^- '_ u i: -• ■" n z i / :- 7 f- ■- < ? i 'z "5 .= •/ J: :^ £ ~ n £ : £ - j i X; ?- ~ ~ ■/ ;( ~ £ ~. ~ z i: -f ^ 2_ : ,' _ — £ ■'■ ~ i pi ~ r b — i_ — '^ ^- 't; ! .1 1 1 a - i 7 -}■ i ^ i ;^ In x' 1 .^ ^ ^ t ? 1 1 7. ^ I -^ ^izh^ i s C5 |i < i 1 -^ 1 ^ - f 1 \H 1 ^ X i 1 -5 ^, i! - '5 £' c i is ^ f ■^ X ^" => e'5 - 1 1 ^ z £ ^ 1 f E f - - z 7 r -7-'^ 7 f - 1 c -^ "H z :i; 1 1 I c f =/.j|x ii 1°^ 2 ■3 O c i c ii ) i "<-, 5 \ ^. '^\ 1 5 Pr ? d •o s i Sit ■Cm Is ii X \ ^ r i. ^ 1 •a ■ ■o ■c « c G •g 1 £ 1 g t^ 3 ;5 ^ o o o j Ck iS s 00 1 1 TO 1 . s a >1 >, § d d ^ >-) § § c J i^ a § ioS ^ ■ gl ■o 2a 5^ '-' M 35 1 1 o d o O ■i n n 1? Q n s aj H 6h fe ■ s ~5?~ ^ t Sr-H t- ^"^ lO U5 i 1 23 § =5 0) H a w M 1 ^ 1 1 C5 •-5 ^ >^ c3 ■C V > •« ■o S d d « S S OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 237 hisHs^M E^l-1^5=^':-lf! T3S C3 — o cs s - a ?p 3 M 3 :i?fei '2§ O-M O: _)^t--«oo.i;a) ssi^ is ca; ■a?J^l1l! -f..-^.^ -/?-X3 Sx3~ ; 5 3 i " • 3h ■ - : X '- ^ -_^ =5 a ' <^2^i5;^^2. Sfl^~2.- •Sa^^sgoi^ac ^ . d .»o •- M ^ " Sxl?:d?5.aa 5 1; = S ^^ •■c o J P <1 O o I 1 w M P 3 3 PP ^ 1 I 1 it ^ 05 ■o o lO 55 § s »5 ^ 238 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 1 Enrolled and mustered in as private; detailed on duty in regimental hospital, per verbal order; transferred to hospital corps, U. S. A., Aug. 5, '98, per S. O. No. 17, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Ma- nila Bay, P. I., Aug. "i. 'its; erroneously transferred to Company F June 11. 'I'.t, per S. 0. No. 157, hdqrs. dept. of tlie Pacific and sili A. C, same date; dropped per telegraphic instructions from Adjutant General's office to Colonel J(,c, lyn, C. M. O., dated July 21, '99; descriptive lis( and account of pay and clothing fur- nished. Clothing account at date of transfer, due soldier, ?■!-!. :!7. Enrolled aj,d mustered in as private; with detachment of Orciion iccruits June 18 to Nov. 24, '98; joined com- pany at .Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '98; tried by summary court Jan. -'5, '99, for violation of 62d and 32d arts, of war (aliNcnt less than 24 hours); sentenced to forfeit S15; tine deducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay roll; transieri'ed to 19th compan.x-, U. S. Vol. Signal Corps, Mar. 10, "HI, per G. (). No. 10, dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. 1 ., -ame date; descriptive list and account of pay and clothing furnished. No State clothing is- sued; clot lung acc(mnt at date of transfer, due sol- dier at date of last .settlement, Dec. 16, '98, m.So; clothinii drawn since settlement, 819.10. Enrolled and mustered in as private; transferred to 19th company, U.S. Vol. Signal Corps, Mar. 10, '99, perG. o. No. 10, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, s.iiiie date; descriptive list and account of pa.v and clothing furnished; clothing account at date of last settlement, Nov. 23, '98, $30.18; clothing drawn since settlement, ^'14. 20. Enrolled and mustered in as corporal; appointed ser- geant from corporal Sept. 27, '98, per Reg. S O. No. 157, .same date; tried by summary court Feb. 20, '99, for violation of 32d and 33d arts, of war (absent Feb. 6-14, '99, inc.); sentenced to reduction from sergeant to pri- vate, and to forfeit one month's pay and SIO; fine par- i 1 1 1 1 Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- May 13- June 18. May 13- May 13- 1 Barber.— Engineer- Student- II Ger- many. Minn. Cal. - 1 Lt.Br. Blk.- Lt.Br. i Gray- Br. - Blue- n Fair- Dark. Pair- 1 ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ ^ in lO 1 lO 1 s s i ?3 ■ i 5 Transferred- Privates. Febvet, George Thurston, C. A Murbach, Albert Nash, Claude M OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR, 239 1 a ^ f^ « ^ b J CP ai 3 s 3 1 S-. b Ct, ^ lO o !J2 240 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 1 Enrolled and mustered in as private; tried by sum- mary court Oct. 25. '98, for violation of 62d art. of war; sentenced to be confined for thirty day.s, and to forfeit SIO; fine partiallv deducted on Sept. and Oct., '98, pay roll, balance to be deducted noted on final statement. Died of smallpox Nov. 23, '98, at Manila, P. I., sick in quarters May 22-23, '98; July 2.3-24, '98; July 31 to Aug. 4, '98; Sept. 4-10, '9,s, inc.; in line of duty; sick in quar- ters June 9 to July 7, '98; July 10-15, '98, inc.; not in line of duty; sick in regimental hospital Aug. 10-12, '98; sick in division hospital Nov. 6-23, '98, inc.; in line of duty; sick in regimental hospital June 27-29, '9X; not in line of duty. Final statements and in- ventory of efl'ects forwarded to Adjutant General, Washington, D. C. Due soldier, S6.42, excess charge for State clothing, not credited him on final state- ments. Enrolled and mustered in as private; died of dysentery, Dec. 8, '98, at Manila, P. I.; sick in quarters July 11, '98; July 18, '98; Sept. 27-30, '98; Oct. 20 to Nov. 16, '98, inc.; sick in division hospital Nov. 16 to Doc. 8, '98, inc.; all in line of duty. Final statementsand inven- tory of effects forwarded to Adjutant diiiKi il, Wash- ington, D. C. Due soldier, S6.42, excess .liarge for State clothing, not credited him on final viatements. Enrolled and mustered in as 1st lieutenani: on special duty as battalion adjutant since May 15, H-, per Reg. 5. O. No. 44, dated May 16, '98; erroneously carried on former muster roll; dropped by instructions of mus- tering officer. g ■i 1 i Portland- Portland- Portland. May 13- May 13- May 13- i I 1 Plumber- Teamster Student— ll Cal. - Minn. Or. — i 1 1 1 i i S i Blue- Br. — Blue- If Fair- Fair- Fair- 1 ^^ 00 ^ To o ^ s ^ s j 1 McKinnon, Charles— Norton, Fred J Dropped. Rhees Jackson tst Lieutenant. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 241 •:: as hr !3 >> -iS a^ *^ ja" .2 O 4) 2 « ;-i >, ^. § ^ a ■« -S ^ o J "^ ■ is 1:2= § ■pis':? -i^so'd'cir^o'c ^=.1^' sis^litl"^^^ ^2 cl ^ S * .- o 33 ® q S .5 -3 i - ^ o ^ a '^ o . M O GO - ■3^3 ^5 >>^ ftS c a is a: S s ?5 2 : - ^ :2 c g 2 g I ^ ^ S - S - ^ 5i) a' ^ 3 ja' cT M ■- ^.2 • So -e S o 2 c3 ^ i? M _g d 5 ■ "i) ^ cS ss 2 •2 - so| g| ^ I ^-^^^ § ^ -H = § ; . "C ^ " •' ■ - " ■ 'S P <3^ h Si,'^ t, s S ^ it^^jr-cp 0-0 &■© a'3 = ■: cJZ "So 22^ aS. ] ] ' ifi 5 3 5 OB j; 1 XI bo 5 PQ Q ft m 1 1 r 1 ^ gj, IV N 3 3 m m m s w S I XI fe I* 2 3 ca iJ •-5 6 £?! 244 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ?5 3p .§3 IP li ^ g —"5 i in ted lance ted J une 6, ate , '98; O. No. 206, in (luarters [f May 14 to to date; all due for de- 0*1 -^ ■^ •" ^ > if 1 3 5 5 3| £ •5 if Q.^ =rt J K- i _• T : b if r E 5 ; £ 1 IS ill 7. ^ 32 1 i -a g"o?;i ?■ ■r ^ § z -3 t'B v; X'— "r ~~ .1. il« S i ^ o •= 1-: ■5 S S 5 » <'5 =^ ^ ■■B.-J. ^ 1 ■a "2 ■c ■o » a I £ a S _2 ^ g 3 t^ t< t 3 o p ■g Ph Hi Oh Ph oi CO CO 2 £ ,-1 fe J >, >> >> >= c3 S cS es :§ S s S S s J 1 m J C S m • _2 2 ■7^ s <: X 3 s w » 1 o u. a S s s? s i i i! 1 ~ §1 s Oh' 1 1 •a — s a < $ 1-5 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 245 ■/'O^ o aj a, p • •-x'^P^'o >^; IS^Sil ■32 ^1^^ a SI'S I SS o3S,A--^ ^5 »5 § ,•- g; 1 1. Q ^ 3 s >>-e .s'^-^-s", ^ .d -d ?5 § M 1 j; ] 1 « 1 P5 h^ pq i d i 05 m 3 1 J b! "S s ■3 fa fa ^ ^ ^ o U5 ^ S3 5J >> j^ ll 1 n II ►JS 6 %i g5 2 246 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 pointed cor- ;. 2d Or. Inf., i, 12-14, Nov. 99; all dates for deposit: . 7, '98, with heary, S20. ;ned to Com- . 2d Or. Inf., rom private June 22, '99; )f duty. No - 1"-^ i* r 5 ".' )inted arti fi- led June 22, S. O. No. S8, 1 Francisco, osit: Nov. 7, ^f-l c-r- P.-= Jl -IS ■-'■■ c ^ .2^ - "^ ""■ c S '^ 1 K^^l'i'^ S o ^^-a sa:2 m /.f 7/.--1 flip III IP' li1l Iff III = sic:-. = K "" ■'' •^ >^ i •c -C •c -o -o . -d s S c a c s £ cS (S S eS CS _^ s -2 3 3 3 § t. ■£ u I- h O o o O o s "3 O. P4 fM ^ Ph Ph CO 2 2 OT CO CO 1 >> S >. >> >» >5 a S c3 3 cS c3 S cS ^ § s § S ^ ;h 3 2 ,' 5^ ' a s "2 1 1 1 ■d 1 c "S c3 cS fe 1 6 H, ^ J 5 4 i s 'i i^t i J3 1 .-= o « d k ■^ OS 1- o i (S .^ i; L.' 1 1 .'s w pa fQ 1 ^ C - ^ « 1-^ Q CQ pa 1 1 1 ^ _; 1 1 3 3 s i pa -• s i M M s « 1-) S ^ 1 1 ^ 1 ] 1 s 1 .a tlD 5 1 1 5 1 'S fa e :^ ^ ^ ::^ 1 ■^5= ^■^ CO CO CD lO •n lO in -. s s 1 I ^ fc 1 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 24' ^3° . !>oP=S p<2 ri t^ C X ^ a K.a: 1 i ;l^ «• >i fl t; cS . a O oa ^ '^ 1 ;; 1 m is) M Q M m 1 j^ 1 \ u CQ O m s J ^ J:i M a 'S c3 03 cS S fe fe P Q ft g; ^ CO o ^ lO >o in us 00 2§ ^ 5S §S 248 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 4^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 249 ■- a, « ..^ cS a; ^ a "O •- 3 3 ^3 — »o^^;^t:H s : ?^ '^ ^ I = = o ^ ;..: ;0^. if3^-^'--. oX-^fi -■tS i-' c >> ;a7 i^-s^^ K = =: - ii /■■ '■= bt O .-. . - -; C3 S '• *^ cS O-d bX) /■ «t §^£-ri - , s •: " -r •^£7 o ''- o ~ a? c^5'C'-S •- ■■s 5 ~ '■'- ^ .~ S S'>2 o gT'^ - » >! S '5 cc ^ a^ka'c-^ibs^'-^H^ oi 1 ci M s -*) s j ^ ^ ] u fl ;d i .S? g ^ ;^ ■>*i ^ lO lO >a lO s §3 ^ g3 250 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 1 Knrolled and mustered in as private; sick in quarters May '2;{, June '25; July tl-8: Oct. 1'2, '98; sick In 1st re- serve hospital Oct. 18 to Nov. 6, '98; sick on hospital .ship /M/,;/ Apr. '28, May 81, '99; all dates inc.; all in line of d:iiy. Amount due for deposit: Sept. 15, '98, with Ma.jor Sears, S1.5. Enrolled and niiislered in as private; assigned to Com- pany (. per S.o. No. 1S7, JKbps. 2d Or. Inf.. dated Nov. 20, '98; sick in i|iiartcrs Dec. :;-S, 19-'27, '9S; sick in reni- mental hospital I )ec. 2s, 'iis, to Jan. ,8, '!)!•; sick in o >ji: j" (u ' ^ = 2-1.^^^.5-'= ^O.^- PICA'S ^o-^^'O li^.i' oTS-^ W . C, o- 5-. ,-3- raja^-, c3 _ .^t^^ c3 j d J a •e^ 5 Q ^ 1 M eq M i m w Q P Q ca P 1 1 j

-.! A'« ■ o-^ „ ;^ c i-i a 0^ M •^ *^ r- - i> 'i - "^ - 1 ■ ^ = . ^^'^ s = „ r '^ j£ t- 5 - 2 i^'ri 3 c c; j; a ■; o' 5 ^ <^ G E ?o cit: ? 5 o >. ."- = ^' j^'HoJ'SSsg- c S - - — o^>§ > a p S>? a ? c > = S c c >??S H K W W W)«; -o -c ■a ■3 •0 ■d ■C « a a a c3 c3 « G 3 S '2 Hi Oi CL P^ 0. Ph S CO TT Ci^ M ,^ ' fc ^ a a ^ ^ 0) a ^ s 1-! ►-: ^ s i-s g Si 1= OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ■'^ S « u -^ K a; S5^ ■'^.'£>^-^'^'Ss o3 o'S^ "i-ii5-;f;i:5ii |ii^i||sp|i|^£|.s^|..|.sg 253 i-aj o M ft-^ - 15s ■r?ic * o 3aJ_C;5i^?^£.^^5--' c*: H J a: fc Q 1 ! j,.S i 3 i ■5 ^ ^ 5; 1 1 [ M 1 ' ' fc, u tj n « w n 1 1 t; 1 ] (B m (O 3 s s S » 254 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. m .3 and . and icted; niary r (ab- 1 vio- ) and edon to be 25-31, ; sick ; sick 31 to IK IP" ^^a^ |1-^ ^-S| ? i' 9 r. 51 Its 2 — OJ -,' ! 1 Hi III ifM 11 11 K 5 X.^ ^1^1 ?f n ^7'ii53'2 .■- - 5 = -■ 11' '--z ^^~i T^. r -^'-'^^r f! ^l;i| 7 £ .= ? 9MU W- Tr t- '3 2 - '^ - ?■- ^'-^ "•?' 5 ^ - '" - ^ ;/. I- sir ^ = I / ^'"^ - f-M.c = M^ 5 j ijii^'or- ^f ^;5^^- •IS.=i l|ltligl i ■d ■O ■c J •a c S3 s a .a £ sS rt c; 5 cS S S S ^ b o c o o 1 Ph fi a, £ ^ i^ d 2 2 5 1 % a> >v >> >> 1 s C (3 cj c3 ^ 3 a S g § ■ 1 "S i c . i •s 1 J : 1 ^i! 2 w* c 2 I 5 S 5 fa £ i Ai 1 1 ki i S o S 5 H fe QS o o o ] ] c c 1 1 pq 1 CQ 1 u m M h^ m ^ i a> 1 S ai 6 aj 1 3 a 3 i 3 P5 W m CQ s = J l! l! J s 'a » § 8 'o3 cS '3 'S cS 5 fa fa fa fa fa ~ s^ ^ ^ « t^ 05 « -S< 1 ^"= 1(5 lO lO lO 11 S 05 l5 S S J 1 1 fa' s p ■iS i S iJ 1 1 s 1 g 3 a' 1 1 o 1 a 3 15 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 251 • irt 1 c?? I iS^p E|fife=g" :i>!i|KlS=^ i^^i-i ll^^tl^S l^lSm^ 1'^' ?•- .2 3^-2;^=' ajAJwCtei^^ i§ 3 CO (^ ^ J H (S <& ■a o o i M j; i:. ] i; P9 1 m 1 « Q m h^ w Q M j oi 1 ai » CQ pq « w « bl ;J 1 1 J J 'S cS cS eS •3 '3 s fc ^ fa fa fa ^ ^ 00 ^^ ^ u. lO U3 1(3 lO in s ^ c3 S ^ g 256 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 Enrolled and mustered in. as private; tried by sum- mary court Dec. 3, '98, for violation of e2d art. of war- senteneed to forteit $2; fine deducted on Nov. and D..-., 'Its, pav r.ill; sjik in quarters May 21, July 6-10, Sii.t. 1, Dct.'.i, s-|,-,. -US; sick in hospital (wounded ac- ciil.'iitally at Maasin, May 5, '99,) May5 to July 17, '99; all .hitesinc; all i n line of dutv- Amounts due for dep.isit; Aug. s, -lis, with Major Kilbourne, S20; Sept. l;"), !is. with ^Inioi- s,?ars, |25: Nov. 7, '98, with Major S.'ars, sio; .]aii; li, '!i!i, with Major Sheary, S15; Mar. 10, '!i:t. with Maj.ir Uoidiester, »20. Em. .11. .1 and must.r.d in as private; assigned to Com- pan\ 1 ; |ier S. < >. Xo. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Nov. •2ii, '-is; siekin..uart.rs Feb. 9-13, 24-26, May 15 to June 9, '99; all dates in.-.; all in line of duty. No clothing issued by Stat.'. Enrolled and mustercHl in as private; absent without leave Aug. 21-.:.'. ''.ts; jiav for time absent to be de- ducted; in coniiti.'in.nt Aug. 23-27, '98, inc.; tried by field officers' CHI rt S.pt. 17, '98, for violation of 31st art. of war; sent. n.-. .! to forfeit82; fine deducted on Sept. and Oct.. 'Js, pa.\ roil; trial illegal; fine to be refunded; tried i.y ^luninaiy court (approved Oct. 11, '98,) for violation ..) --.I art. of war (absent less than 24 hours); sent.ii.-.'.l t.i forfeit $2; fine deducted on Sept. and Oct., '.is. i>ay lull; tried by summary court (approved Nov. i ), 'iis,) for violation of H2d art. of war (absent 5 i>. jr. X. .w "i to 8 a. m. Nov. 11, '98); sentenced to forfeit SIO and t. ii .lays' confinement; rtnededucted on Nov. and D..-., ' •>-, pav roll; pay for time absent to be deducted; tri. 1 iiy summary court (approved Dec. 3, '98,; for violati..n of ti2d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit 82: fine deducted on Nov. and Dec, '98, pay roll; tried by general court-martial (approved Dec. 16, '98,) for violation of :Wth art. of war; sentenced to be confined at hard labor for six months and to for- feit 810 per month for same period; fine deducted on May and June, '99, pay roll; sick in quarters July .5, '98; in line of duty. i 1 b 1 1 Portland- Portland- Portland- t May 13- June21. May 13. I 1 Laborer.. Laborer.- Horse- traiuer. 1 g Or. — Ger- many. Ire- land. 1 1 D. Br. D. Br. D. Br. i Br. ... Br. — Blue- it Dark - Fair.. Fair.. ^ s«^^ "^ . g-U5 >C lO 1 85 i^ £5 i 1 Rekdahl, Martin 1-5 1 a i I i o eS c3 > , jCC, iS "^--w^i^^- SO i:2® .:;ro o =^0 arS cs^p 1 ^ r i - >■ £ > 2 .d S >. S O S tr C - OJ O -H ^ *- — . ^■2"-oi3^--,,i!|, :§a"Og.^^;.sp •-^1 a r '^-^ o ; o ,^, '',;;;''- 1: «=: 1:: i a -' ^C, C C 5^g: 02^0^.0^0^^^-^ o-cc oi&J • O 0^ o5 1» ca3i.5a]S=< C C r-S ! .cS>.tSPj: £S 5^: ^^•2§ = §<|i' -Sol i^nT-a^'S^^s :^'l^^'!i"s?;a:°-" ^|c|;i|f|i| -J:-- -?■■ C if= = Sd c~<- = ^£iScd MS = ci 6 2 '3 '3 "3 13 "3 a, fo fc, fc fe fc, S ■Sas lO 2> ^ P- |1 OREGON VOLUNTEKUS IN SPANISH WAR. 261 S S § rt •-: ' o s pa o o 1 • 1 t' m PQ ' Q « hJ m h^ 1 ai ai s n M n P9 3 ! ^ 1 il J fe fi fe p^ plH ol 1 ° 1% 262 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 Enrolled and mustered in as private; ordered on U. S. monitor Monterey; assigned to Company G per S. 0. No. 1S7, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Nov. 26, '98, but never Joini'd; tried by general court-martial for violation of ()2d art. of war; found miiliv, and to be dishonorably discharged the service of l he Tnited States, forfeiting all iiav and allowances, exeepi sio, and to he confined at hard laborforone i iih, )ier S.O.No.iis, ind.div., h(l(|rs. Sth A. ('..Camp .Meiriani, San Fraiu-isco, Cal., Sept.29, '98; sentence a pproved and mitigated locon- finemiMit for one montli per S. ( ). No. 84, li(l, except *U), and to be confined at hard labor for lliirt>- da>s; s.ntence a] i proved and contirmed per S. < i. No. |s_', hdqrs. departnii'iit of Cali- fornia, dated San JManei-eo, Cal., Nov. 14, 'US; in con- finement at Ilonolnlii, 1!. I. .Oct. 26, '98, to datcof dis- char-c. Nocloliiiii- issued liy State. Enrolled and muslcri'd in .as private; assigned to Com- pany (i i:ier S. O. No. IsV, iahirs. -Jd Or. Inf., dated JSTov.'JC, ■'.!>. lint never joined; .absent, si(M< in hospital. Camp .Merriam, San Francisco, Cal.. ( let. 1 1, '98, to date of .lis.liarge; In line of iliily; dis.-harged and final stal.nieuts given at Koncral li.i-pital (incipient tulierciil.isisi. No Ch)lhing issued l.y Slate. Eiir.ille.l and mustered in as privai.; discharged and final Stat, nieuts given at Manila. 1'. 1., -Ian. 13,'99,on sura.'on's certificate of disahilit^• i pnlmonary tuber- cnl.isis), per order dated hd.|rs. .1. Mil. of the Pacific ami sth .V. C., dated Jan. 12, '99; si. Ic in .piarters May 20, .1 Illy li;-2l, 31, Aug. -l-^, 7-13, Nov. 9-17, '98; sick in h.ispital Dec. 18, '98, to Jan. 13, '99; all dates inc.; all in li fdutv. Amount due for deposit: Sept. 1.5, '98, with Major Sears, ft20. Enrolled and mustered in as corporal; appointed ser- geant from corporal June 6, '98, per G. 0. No, 7, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf.; reduced from sergeant to private per S. 0. 1 1 1 Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- 1 JunelV June 20- May 13- May 18- Occupation. Farmer — Laborer- Clerk Marine- u Conn. Or. -- Or. -- Penn. 1 1 M fp W W : .1 1 Br.- Blue- Blue- Blue- a Fair- Fair- Fair-. Fair- •1 a: 4^ ^ o =0 ^U3 U3 « LO lis S S g Farrell. Dennis E.— Stillwell, Fred G Payne, Herbert H— Buss, Frederick K— OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 263 o^^ -^^^ ^■^~ 'rf,^~ ■?;?J5-t ^S^: -^5-eS-^ aJ^ 8'"' c'"' 25 o3 ^5?. 7"'^ "_■ ' S^S,^ &^'3-^'S t^co-d =.S0 S2^ ^«|.q Oo5^?^. : c« S o < j;' j- ::; ;^ -o - g ^ 02 d' i J d c3 ci s g M 1 1 1 j«i . ^ cS « w w P a] oi 1 m W cq 264 OPvEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 Enrolled and mustered in as private; transferred to hospital corps, U. S. A., per S. 0. No. 18, hdqrs. dept. of the Paciflc and 8th A. C, dated Cavite, P. I., Aug. 6, '98; erroneously transferred to Company G from hospital corps per S. 0. No. 158, hdqrs. dept. of the Paciflc and 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., June 11, '99, an.l S. 0. No. 28, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, 1'. 1., June 12, '99; dropped from roll per S. 0. No. 36, hd.iis. 2d Or. Inf., dated Presidio, Cal., July 21, '99, si.k in (inarters July 5, '98, in hneof duty; descriptive list fiirnish.^d. Due soldier for clothing undrawn at settlrui. nt, Dec. 31, '98, S31.76; value of clothing drawn sincr s. 1 tl, ment, S3.48 and S2.65; soldier to be credited with ST. II. tor reduction in price of State clothing. Enrolled an.l mu.stered in as private; on special duty with h<.siiital corps, U. S. A., per S. 0. No. 100, hdqrs. 2d Or. Int., dated July 15, '98; transferred to hospital corps, U. S, A., per S. 0. No. 17, hdqrs. dept. of the Paciflc and 8th A. C, dated Aug. 5, '98; erroneously transferred to Company G from hospital corps per S. O. No. 158, hdqrs. dept. of the Paciflc and 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., June 11, '99, and S. O. No. 28, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf.. dated Manila, P. I., June 12, '99; dropped from roll per S. 0. No. 36, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Presidio, Cal., July 21, '99; descriptive list fur- nished. Due sol. liii- for clothing undrawn at settle- ment Mar. 31, 'I'.i, S38.S7; value of clothing drawn since settlem.-nt, *).17; soldier to be credited with S6.76 for redncti.Mi in price of State clothing. Enrolled and inuM.red in as private; transferred to hospital corps, 1. s, a., per S. 0. No. 7, hdqrs. dept. of the Paciflc an.l sti, \. c., dated Manila, P. I., Aug. 5, '99, and descripiiv.' list furnished; erroneously trans- ferred to Compaii.\ < ; from hospital corps, U. S. A., per S. 0. No. 158, hd.|is, dept. of the Paciflc and 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., June 11, '99, and S. 0. No. 28, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., June 12, '99; dropped from roll per S. 0. No. 36, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Presidio, Cal., July 21, '99; descriptive list fur- nished. Due soldier for clothing undrawn at settle- 1 1 s Portland. Portland- Portland- 1 May 13- May 13- May 13. 1 r i Student.- Student.. Student- born Ohio- Penn. Penn. 1 1 Light- Lt.Br. Br. — 1 Blue.- Blue.. Blue- if Light- Fair.- Fair.. 1 € ^lO U5 U5 S ?3 2S s 1 Creager, William A.. Rolfe, George E Marcellus, Marl us B.. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 265 j3 2-S^£j"5<^'2jV'5-Sr'^-a5?^^-; ;5 ^ot\ ■2^0; III r II «il:. 2S ::-si ss« °i j|; si§igl ; -SSsSS ■1 SS8|Soc^-«a.'^ •? ^ -2 ^ "^ >>'e '^ =- II Zrlr S = ^ ■? .J-: ^^^ S =■;: g = § o o-g?^ £h, o cj § "O a) 0+^ a<;^'0.rt -wii^;:- St^;; Og S s t; pq M cq u ij Q w J ^ 1 S fi w 3 m ■2 s 268 O Q O o P5 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ^ fl- ^ a s. -- C 03 S O S; S, ' g § .2 3 I I c a 2 "^ I- C^ 03 (^ tf '?5 3 bi eq 'g 3 ij ^ S S^ o a c oT ^ g 1 fe 'C ■ - <) •^■' Z, ^ 'S) - td -O -a g g _. iS b;^ « -a 9. c3 S o i 3 ^ -a ^ I . ^ ^ "' %, y^ Si '^ gfe o"x3 P'^ cg.po-r 0) csS ;^J3 ■I o -s g ^ i; Pi £ § £ § « -a g I s ° t^ § « ^ 3 =^' ^ .^ ^ >^ - ^ o ^ ^ "• j2 '" O ft T) -^ ^ ^ >- g -d -^ ^- .2 2 § -^ . -C a "S g g § ^ £ E 1 g ^ g' ^ S ►i q 5 2 o 5 S ^• a 5 8 ° p 2 2 -2 t^ ^ jg t >- i a 03 o - - - 0. c ■O g ffi M -^ >. .2 S iS iS M a S ''i c JP cS i 2 o s >> i S =« S Ph S fe 8 ^ ■d o c3 -a -: a :a s"::^ > ) o CO o ao c3 to -H ^ ,^ ^ ? i i I '^ I § s J ft -< J3 "S — a 7 ^ y. >• > ipvMllJ^ i^r. r~ - = ' ^c'^'^ -f- - s -~_^ffe- _ <; ~ ^ ^ ?i = ^ " w ■a ■d •a ■a c c ? ^ ^ ^ :;3 o ' "§ Oh CU Ch Ph (2 rA 1 « ^ ^ 1 ^ s ^^ >= >> •^ >> ^ S § § § § ! 1 1 3 2 1 1 rt cc X 02^ 1 1 1 d .-== ~ 0) ,• ■-; C ? G O O ct 1 1 1 ■h PQ 1 1 ^ « S ffi M .• J j o ii <]i s s 3 1 •1 M CQ JQ M cq il "3 ^ "3 "5 1 u fe fa fa fa ^^ 1 s^ t~ 00 ^'O o u; in >n §= =3 =5 5i a rji 1 i? ^ '^ 1-^ ..• .2 '3 . P Jl 1 ^1 a 5 d < 5 P 5 i OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 271 M-;:.:;- r^§^'^T^^%i^ '2|?-&,-:b^^i:i.= .7-;1&;-;c5^:5«|| ^Z'=zi^^'\-^^ S^-'i'" 'O X J O o -; 3 b pa 1 o O o a d .2' % O o 1^ ffl q « PQ Q PQ 1 S n 1 3 « s s 1 Q t 1 1 I ^ a S ^ C2 ^ ^ 1 • -^ ^ ^ ^ lO >o IC Ul ^ ^ «, ^ ■ra =5 S5 8 s c5 a 5^ 2 S B O- PP d W Q 272 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. SI CO ■Si-J - 00 -d .i a- -^ Cl V-'d ^ 30^ !*~- ■ - -a--* • "? • ►• '^ 8bi&^g"'-dg5?oSggi ro^ cc"'C _' fi OJ i -^ *^ • • "-'_-:;-' .1 br g«^ ^•O-; > C !r - £ _ ^ f. •- .- ^.--^ it ^>^i 5^!i5isiie?i;;;: >j . a III is. |s-^^5tii:K^ifPi s&s =l!-l-is|i^-;l'-^'^il cJ-C . r^■— > i?iJififiii!i|i^ili feS u ^ ^ n a; '5 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. u'3"- cft a. ft>\j- . OOi C = 2=35 ~ O) I cs c Pv.; y; 0) a; ^ -►^ .,' ^!„ ?^ c c3 a<-t^ at< C o P u! rSi t; " '"■ roc's CO •: sg-So.s^.r.os §^.2,^oO§5.i£S ajjSfl- 3-0 5 ^ Sr^i ..ri Hj '^ « -S So".^ 53— d ... cc _r, ft " 2 *ts 2S2=^ C&OU ^■SO^S>.So^ , C O SS'S 3 o - isSap,2^-S 2-sa'5.*f.-pH'c«rs.2"s ^tf' Si's c o £ '^■- fih^ -^■-' fta-szi o"o; 02 a S ^M u eS OS fa fa ^ « cq 03 s CQ CQ cq P3 PQ 1 1 1 fa 1 1 1 1 i 1- ^ ^ 2 ^ lO in in 10 10 in in "= in s S 53 5! 8S ?5 23 ^ c6 --. 18 w w 274 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 , '99, for violation of 27, '99); sentenced to absent deducted on It Mar. 27 to Apr. 7, 3-9, 14-16, Aug. 11-12, uty. Due soldier for II 1^ Pi 3«> (bJ^ s-^S g? . -Z^ = S5'?o^|>>ttc:5^rE = ir iiii 3 -a 1 ?!fii! M m UmB m ILillHi 3 1 ''- ■ C 1 ■c -c ■a •d ■c c •s 1 1 OS o 5 s OS o i iS fc £ Oh s M CO 85 2 s 1 § >? xa lO 1(5 2 ^ ^ g a d ^ 1 h^ b 1 s 1 a •d .3 •< ci o 3 5 a w OREGON VOLUNTEKRS IN SPANISH WAR. 275 6° .^"Sios ^ O ^ C ^

.• 2 = ■'^ - a ^ a a ^'^•^ ii"'^ 53 !- =s es t^ Srii! .S-SSl^S-d-S-S ^ 3i - ^, ^ o-d aa> . I- -^SascE -.2 i-^2 ajt; KIM c tci-, "- c3 ^■^ 2.i= .-oP 0=- CO •••C X S 32^ 3 ■d ■« -d g>,.S=s sll'-'-^o 00 M M™ 5X ^ • -"3 Mac" 5o2« ^=^ ^-^^ ^ ,-0 |K'3s ^Qa: __-"= 'ch.?'- ^g-flg- i3g> psi 5.sia '£-C5 E = = c ^- ?• ? ^ ^"^ i < T.g ^ o ^ |illll?illllllli§.sSpl -6 ■" .S:s^ ^co 2? 38=^" :-»!*j .-H^ ' hn « •rO ?^M S< ^:l^ '§^. 3 • .. II Sl;?a 6 ■ = S.O ^t^ ^-3.* ~ ~ !- ^S = .^^^ s.^« 2 53 I ^ § s S § s s S ^ 1 1 ] 1 1 ■~ 1 ^ s. tj a> 1 a 5 1 i S s P 1 s a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i s § £«2 ^ u u t-" ^ c 1 u m w m ja ' 2 « «■ m Q p 1 1 aJ 3 i s § m M M 3 « M M 1 1 1 1 1 S-! J il J ■S "3 '3 'S r"^ •3 £ ;S fe b< fc< fe. ^ fe fe "^0. » ^ 00 tt> 1 00 in 10 10 U3 lO 10 lO in in g s ?5 c1 SI ^ S! S ci 1 1 J s Cl < -^ M "S S $ „; ■S -5 t. 2i "j; rT' P3 05 2 o ■f. X 278 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. to 'rs —-OS ISO 560 s"i?:5 il-^lcisS -02 5Sh^ ■ot-'lz; •^ s> : - GJ gr||dS.i&2=^5:f-;^£fEl^ilrE^b'S:-r5^-= S^^oSgft ^ -a £ r/ ' £ o ^oa> t. « m ►J a n M Q 2 t i pq 3 M 3 s a 1 1 'i 1 1 1 5 4g ^ 00 t. ? ^ ;3t iS ^>C lO >o o UD lO o s fo g? S e^ s s OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SI'ANISH WAR. 279 >§ S5-=S r-2 g-'^a .± "gi(M -.8 ^"i: T.^ 3-!^ t^ S t- > .. " ' "^<^^5;n!>.g §s o ra- Stig'ofp-5aSS°^^S5s o -.^oi-q-os D !- S o •-aa*'^ :-2.S^< ^fl ■ ecu ap^'^i '^« .0 O 02 W W fi .^►^.s -• a^ :.c sfK 5g"o iC lo lO OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 283 c "^ ^.a_g?.i p. 1^' . 0-C >.- SQ^2 - < c ,•-. ,^ — 30 s to t: s^a'=Sg?t:'T3^ >..Sg• °ssr -^=5 ^^^f !.;:§ ^"-^^S -^.5=s m? ^«?-?l ,c3rt « a|pe ^ft== O =^..9-2^ ;co«iiS'^; £f5 r- E" ft ./HH =^ si^oQ-a ceo C O ^ P3 284 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. qpI s!^c Ptf o ^ =^- .Q O"-^^-: ^ill^iii^i ll|>|.^l:^ lB~2fe||^^3 ^i^M^l^tt. .Hi'^iz^-oi^ ghpi.m4 a^ .J'-' a. ^.2oos V, ■" sq =* o t:^ j^s) ■tj; o CcL, cS 3 (U O 3 £ c 1) - ■« S "S.H o OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 285 ■^ x^Sfi^^'^S ocaOn-S^ "-S^Sft^-S-o =1 ^'^Ji^s s'|3=|2 ^gi||«s \-^ %^^A^v. A^-.^v. l!-^^'ll«^ si" fi; a o a;- si 1^ 11 = s s gb^.-: ••-si .—"• - -^ " .S .2 ^.2= c =;[:^-2-.= T^'cp^ S hfl^--S«.S^ ^li!|iI1|||lSlll!Bf|f»| Q 6 fe ^ 1 5 .2 M S o ^ u J 1 m >4 p 3 § n § 3 p S J j j^ ^ a 1 ^ iC >c lO S 05 53 i^ i •3 =!§ sis a I «' i -1 ?- s s a s - ii ^ d ^ o 5 °^ ^ ^ o « t^ § fl (U '-5 a S ^ 3 i 2 ^ ^ ^ £ -i '^ .a as rl S S i^ ^ a s g ail t-. C G . O S Ph H P ■§ jS -d cs s r; S OT bjD cs ^ 5 2 s • - >■• s '^ J .S Oh 8^ 2 ^ ^ "% 6 c ^ m' J if 5 1 i 5 g ;^' i 1 5 CO . - C3 '-5 +j ^ S S -2 •« 3 - -- P 5 "- s I o (i; "g 5 ;§ ^ II =^ S cf ^ ^ i ^-5^1 = 3^°- O 3 286 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. < O O 3 0)- a 43 .|.S| III OO J1 ilPlillilflliSliiiiii p^ilil«|iflliiil|f|i|il|lli-ils 3 S5 OS OREGON V0LUNTKP:RS IN SPANISH WAR. 287 ;oj3 = ii ii--si; ii!i6i,„.. O J3 k; ■-; r ^ ^' - ; ■- cs S '"' 2 S*^' tSt'-'^i-e '■'■'H.-S.j?^: il'f |?5 c^ ;•;:>> .SCi V2"SJ • X ,-'• •"'^■1!=; s rt Shi 1-50=^3'^, M> •- g-od"5s25'?3 ^ — -^ C O) ( a5 ^ 85 55 ?5 S g S S 1 ~ 1 ^ ■C s i ^ ^ 1 .g 1 ~ 1 ■§ II §1 a| 1- £ E 2 ■55 11 II SI 288 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. -C '^oS'" Qj-'O-" •S*'^ ''31; .E-M>-. o n.^-'a-tJ 3„+j ."-rtOrtj ^55^ '1 tt ^' £ cs ^s5: '-• c! oj ? « S-.= c -■c-'r-, S* t^ oe r«- c 'See 1^ ci ■'^c; < S3" „m MV ..m g t-;; a. ' ' "' " ~ "^ i £-7 -• > ^g " ^ =■§ " S 'bc'^ r ii=-/c« ■g-2?s■'•§•^~•2 flT3_ .-.!r,i-: Uj^ij^- _a;l5co- r„ Od da2^--5 ^ S?^^ CO c:Jli?« Pd C p-g ^ §5= ^Jpd n" PQ a2 f S 1 1 • 1 1 CD n QJ 3 «)' M s 3 ij pq pa w s 1 1 1 1 1 l! 1 kl =s 1 fe fa fa fa fa fa fa « ^00 r^ ^^ :^ ^" :^ ^ 1 ^,c U3 IC "= U3 lO lO OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 289 J O « J >2 ] oi 1 1 1 o o o O o o s 1 ;m ;-. 1 ■^ (^ CQ « 1 pq M u m ■ fi Q m Q Q r 1 s. 1 3 <6 3 3 S oq m m pq n S 3 ft ^ 1 1 J J .1 'S CS "3 c3 '3 ' •3 ^ fe 5:, fe fe l=H :5^ » ^ ^^ CO "^ lO ■n lO U3 lO "= s ^ S2 s ?3 s w 1^ o fc ^ w J C5 a ?5 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ td . Ph a W ffl n <^ ^ 2!^ 5 19 290 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. C - jc Go ■„'.-5 — — ■^ ao- c -o • ,, • Tsi > 2^ S o o '^ ~ -C . br ;: =2 ^ ■■ p .1-^ 3 X ■ Sp^s'5; ■""""'' ' ^' ^ """"o W)£ c"". -■':=' -5 i r =- iPn-a.So'ci.S.; "d "O >j -d >- ■o ■o J C a s ct 03 03 P^ OS s ^ a o c s s, Qh o CI, c •» 1 ■J ■* — ■» T(l g >, >, 2 >> o >> >a 1 s ^ g ^ s S S 1-5 s s If 1^ s OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 291 rS] .^sSs m;3 0««^ -^ _ OS s _ ^l!^i«gSsb=3.; o >^ o Ir^l?^^ §'^'5:1 o If -PS g.s|-o I -I ^-^il III i ^^111 § o — .- i d 2 .2 1! 1 O 32 p: O M O O s oa a « « K P 1 1 1 ;J 1 ■-1 ^ .0 ^ ^ -^ -- 'S 1-0 in O lO in in in i td 292 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. i Sick in quarters June 26-29, '98, inc.; July 11-15, '98, inc.; Dec. .5-9, '98, inc.; all in line of duty. In the .settle- menl for clothing is included 111.16, total value of arti- cles issued him by the state. On special duty at head(|uarter.s, 8th A. C, Feb. 25 to Junr IJ, '99, per S. 0. No..".), hdqrs. 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., Feb. 25, 'it'i; sick in general hospital All-, -s to Sept. 12, '98, inc.; sick in quarters July 7-11, '98, inc.; July 19 to Aug. 11, ".tS, inc.; allinUne of dut.y. In the settlement for clothing is included 811.16, total value of ;iiticles issued him by the State. In< tinenient June 5, 'US, . I uly 29-31, '98, inc.; released without 1 rial ; .sick in (luarters July 7-11, 19-21, '98, inc.; Aug. 16-17. •'.!>■, inc.; all in line of duty. In the settle- ment for :-ucd him fiy the State. On special duty in quartermasii i-'s department since JuiK' 15, '99, per Keg. 0. No. :i, hihirs. 2d and 3d bat- tali.ins, 2d Or. Inf., dated S. S. ohi,,, June 1.5, '09; sick in divi.sion hospital Oct. 9-12, 'its, inc.; Apr. 2-12, '99, inc.; sick in quarters July U-ls, '9s, inc.; Nov. 7-9, '98, inc.; all in line of duty. In the settlement for cloth- ing is included 811.16, total value of articles issued him by the State. i .2 1 1 s Portland- Portland- Portland- Oregon City. Portland- Albany — Portland- 1 May 14- May 14- May 14- June24_ May 14_ July 14- May 14_ 1 1 Laborer- Attorney Laborer- Farmer — Loom fixer. Logger— Clerk II Eng- land. N. Y.- 111.— Ger- many. N.H._ Or. — Cal.— 1 1 Lt.Br. D.Br.- Blk.- Br. — Br. — Lt.Br. Br. — Eyes. Lt.Br. Br. — Br. — Br. — Blue- Blue- Blue- ii Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- Falr- 1 4^ ^ -^ ^ ^^ c . gio lO u^ lO in lo in t S S S S5 SS S S s '■ 1 Hargreaves, Fred— - Hart, George B Harry, Josepli H Heiser, Robert C Henley, John F Henkle, Arthur L.— Herring, Tillman R.. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. sp°pGli!f|f 1 ll|l l>: |1 |fs "I lit Ss|"l I tmumpB mi ^ i^ikm B ^ f 293 . . M OJ ^'.i'"'!' -re's ■ i 1 03 i i o 5 O o ^ O > O o o sT i^ ] ; ] u ' m m m M 1 ' « p Q Q Q m M « a M =5 53 S ?3 ?^ S 00 2 ?5 ^ W C W -li w M ^ S •2 ^ s 1 5 3 ^ G 294 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 5SS 5^ ll ll flpiii ll! sis lograph sta- ■ S. 0. No. 15, I., Aug. 21, ). 17, '99, inc.; s-15, '98, Inc.; ol" duty. In Sll.lB, total -co m -z"^-: j^ ^-^-s >-l s*^ 02 o 35 02 u i ■c ■e ■c _; ■C •c ■s ■c C = c J S J 5 CS 1 ^ £ c 5 ■-I r^ " --I i-i -' — ' •** 1 " 2'- ^ ' -M< •4 ■» 3 >> >3 >, >, >> >> >> >> g (3 03 ci a « ^ — ; 1 ^ 1 s s ic ^ \ -1 1 i oi S O o O . j_; ^ 1 c c ^• ; V pq fa » CQ m 1 « ^j 1 i 1 ai « J pq m a ^ n i m 2 3 s i 3 S a s s 1 1 i 1 1 1 I 1 1 2 1 ~'» "^^ i~ 55 => '5^ 00 ^ ^-o lO o LO ■o o IC o 1 s 5 S S 2 ^ 2 2 1 I CD c J fc DJ K ■3 ^' > o 1 1 IS ^ £ 1 ^ ! ^ o g f ^ i 1 5 1 1 1 < 1 2 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 295 ? 3 ^3 £5 ^'5- -■s^ 0.2 o 0) ^ oj; 3 •* .isll^lpfilll t^ SS'^cTc a-d oj art's i ^Sf-^sai: S'^S its Q o^ be w O CIh ^ S H J ^ ^ s 1 ; 1 1 ti'd 1 1 Q 1 ; 1 1 ' 1 § s t; 1 1 I j 1; CP 1 1 1 1 M aq m pq m S-, ti M m m m « ^ Q Q oi S 1 j s ft M « S « M M « pq ^ 0. in ^^ F> ^^ cx> ^ ^ ^^ lO ■n in in in in in in in 2 S s =5 §5 c^ s ?3 2 00 rt ^ 296 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. SOj ^r I I i*l = ; IK'S 05 ~ - , 1 I "2 t I- 1 s,^ 2 ^' "^ U5 o i^-^ "= o lO ■C ICI 1 ^ S £5 ?? s 53 I OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 297 ic .- •'- M ■^ 5 ^ "5 o a; ■^ .2 ^J ,^"5- .s-i: ^§2 SrJI ; TaJ o . ^ O h4 1 wi' ,-0,1^.2 .a =§>: eg?! .2 So, c3^ 3ja- 5^ ogS ^^,^SiS|£-'^SS£5. :x! c s- '^rj 01 lO .S ^ - .25 ■e — _, ^ o .So.22Ss: ia3c5S*a^--|i;§.2So: 2 O 1-5 r.Q'5-0iAo*-3^~i ?c^VSS-^i - -Z: :/:■ CS CD '^ '" C,— S • -J3 . • 0) 0) 2 ii Og^ajJC^g'-'C 7 ^- s .c o r? ^-.'-c '- >; cj i;^.^.25^lg| ?: £ro o M o" if _• ■- . = t^ CI (D on O 1-5 02 ^ j Pl< '^ &H s fc o O S o 5 o c o O O Q- Q pq CQ P q m i 3 3 w i 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 00 <= ^ ^ -^ ■ ZD "^ Oi ^^ ■o ^ :£> ira lO lO lO lO 1(5 cq as ^ g S 5i s ^ S 298 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. i On special duty in quartermaster's department Apr. 21 to June 12, '99, per S. F. O. No. 5, hdqrs. 2d Or.lnf , dated Malinta, P. I., Apr. 21, '99; sU-k in quarters July 11-14, 'lis, inc.; Dec. 2(1. 'tis, p. Jan. L', '-m. inc.; all in line of duly. In the settlement lor clotinng is included 811.16, total value of articlis issued hiin by the State. Sick in nuarters June 2ii--J.'. '!is, inc.: in line of duty. In the set Moment for (dothiiii; is i md tided f 11. 16, total value of iiiticles issued him liv the state. Tried by summary court Dec. l(i, •'.•s, tor violation of 62d art. of wai-: sentenced to be confined at hard laborfor seven days; in coniinenient Dec. 1 l---':i, '98, inc.; sick inquaiieis.liineL';; to .1 uly 1, '98, inc.: in line of duty. Intheseiiienient lof , d ot hing is i u c 1 u dcd 81 1.16, total value ofarti.-les i>sned him by the stale. Granted le:,v,- ,,r .■.hs.nce for peri..d of thirty days on permission p, viMi th.- Tnited Hfates, per S. 0. No. — , hdqrs. dept.ofthe I'aci lie and SUi A. ('..dated Manila, P. I., Feb. 19, •nil: si, k 111 division ho^iital Jan. 9 to Feb. 18, '99, inc.; sick in ,, ii;, ii.a's July H-J7, 'IIS, inc.; Sept. 20 to Oct. s, 'tis, inc.: Nov. IS, '98, inc.: Pel). 10-24, '99, inc.; all in line duty. IP-i-nation accepted to date, May 7, '99, perS. O. No. si;, i;xl. No. 80. li,P|i-s. of the army, A. G. O., dated Washiimton, D. ( '.. Apr. 13, '99. Granted leave of abs, nee for one month per S. 0. No. 86 hdqns. dept. of tla- Pa, itic and si h A. C, dated Ma- nila, P. I., Oct. 24, '9s; l<'ave,>ral.sen,-,M.xtended to in- clude Dec. 31, '98, per S. ( i. Xo. im;, ivxt. No. 27, hdqrs. of the army, A. G. (>., dated Washin- ton, D. C, Dec. 5, '98; sick in division h..s|,ital Sept. 23 to Oct. 27, '98, inc.: siclc in quarters Seiii. i;i--l'. '98, inc.; all in line of duty. Kesiijnation ac,.,.pte,| i,, date, Dec. 31, '98, per S. O. Xo. -si;, Ext. N.i.-.'s. h.lqrs.of thearmy, A. G.O., dated Washington, D. C, Dec. .5, '98. Sick in division hosjiital Aug. 28 to Oct. 16, '98, inc.; sick in (| darters Oct. 17 to Nov. 13, '98, inc.; all in line of duty: discharged Nov. 11, '98, on surgeon's certifi- cate of disability at Manila, P. I.; discharge and final statements furnished. In the settlement for clothing on final statement was included 818.02, total value of i 1 s .2 1 i i Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland. Portland- Portland- 1 May 14- May 14- May 14- May 14- May 14- May 14. i 1 1 Farmer.. Engineer. Clerk Dentist .. Merchant Barber — li Or. ... Or. ... Mo.— N. Y.. Ind..- Pa...- Q 1 D. Br. D.Br.. Br. ... D. Br. Br. -.. Br. ... 1 B S 2 c c j « fq C3 P5 cq pq if Fair.- Falr.. Fair.. Dark. Fair.. Fair— .1 4^ . ^ ^^" 1 ^lO lO lO lO lO U3 1 g^ S 53 £; ?§ 2 Wallace, Charles W.- Waldron, George C— Worrell, Samuel C... Rciifined. Leonard L. Pickens— Captain. William A. Huntley. Id Lieutenant. Discharffed for disability. Leslie V. Viereck .... Corporal. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 299 ^i-'os^y'o.g E 5 ^ oi; oi 2 erg, -^ ^ - 03 cS 5 5f 7 *• s" *'^ ." - r V - . qoaSi-sg^a- ^^,„^.- = = c-S 3^ =^ ? S -.'B-S .-5 h-.2g Q i-g^o r p x ~ ■- .2 ? i: •/- " — ^ o '' /^ ^ m a! n 50 S |; IC U5 in .O u. >o N 2 85 s s_ 55 fs; a ° g i; o ■as, Q a ^ ;? ?> 300 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. SSo "^ ' ^c£i £^1=5 -g^.T'^r^ -£. 61 ►^ - ~ •- - iSxi^-^ ■^ ■<« S ?« *" ■ .^ .i ic g g . a _g SOcS c^ 0.a rl * J 3g iiliS ■§ In confinement Aug. 5-6 sick in division hospita sick in quarters Dec. 80, in line of duty; sick in (i 21-22, ''.IS, inc.; in line of ( per G. ( 1. No. 54, c. s., b S. 0. X... !'i7, hdqrs. dipt P. I, June 11, '99; discliai nished. In the settlem $11.16, loial value of arii Sick in (H\ ision hosiiita! ! in quarlns Dec. 26, 'US, t duty; ili>c'harged June hdqrs. A. (J. 0.; S. (). N( eific, dated Manila, P. I rtnal slalements furnis elotliin-isincludedfll.H him bv the State. Discharged June 11, '99, 1 A. G. ( >.; S. 0. No. 157, dated .Manila, P. I., Jun statements furnished. I is Includ.d $11.16, total by the Slate. On daily duty as train gu in quarters July 22-24, '9f in line of duty; discharg 54, c. s., lid(|rs. A. G. 0.; the Pacilic, dated Manila and llnal statements fu for clothing is included issued him by the State. Sick in division hospital sicls in (luarters Oct. 16 t( to Jan. 1(1, '99, inc.; all June 11, '911, per G. O. No. A. G. ().; S. 0. No. 157, d '99; discharge and final s .settlement for clothing i of articles furnished him i 1 1 Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland. Portland- 1 pa S .2 a § a, <5 ^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 301 n ^ * J: O S ; >>" C c8 " S r-d ^ oO) * S G • ai> o -S ^ r ! ^ o!:^rv-l— ■ u u m < :|cJsSS§£|^.a . cs oj c n (S «- toft's :::t;pH'!3 a 1-1 O o . -tJ o S 7^ a " %. '^ ">d25S^:^gx"3 2 -^ -c' -2 2 n .a _-^ ;^"i =a2R. :r n d 'S <^ o a) J CJ ' -^3 w ft<. ^ =M ti 'IJ COOS'S .'d e-'^- Ifi^: X! 0?5!^S J3j3PHaQ^3§ Co 3 ^ fa 02 H c 1 1 1 s « " 1 .• b 1 i; 1 M M 1 fQ pp « « w ni j 1 j; pq n W m S 53 Is 302 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. MS ? x> c s S o -o ^3 « i o ? 2 -^ C 3 oj CK O rt ^ " * -^ =2 i i 1 ■? ■§ 2 a "S^ fe '^ < ^ c " s '2 £ -g I S S g .^ 5 ^ ^ -1 p ■^ 5 ^- s S g « S =" -5 -c ^ -' p ^ 3 ^ s ■5 » 5 « o ^- '^ K cT "^ -d 5_ ^' c - "'■' '"' S '-g _J3 a O" ^ ^ HS f^ "S S .S cS /2 s s oT hfi >> o c (In -S a S E * H £ fc . ro ro c g, iS 01 . ^ ;^ s 5 ^ S o I 5* ti ^ 1-w i Il»|f f I ^ •< 3 ^ 'C ft p^ o '-' - I -. .S ^^ g .5 ja ^ >> p *3 'S * in o -■ o g ^ § >^ ^ rt' S ag ^ q & ^ a i ^ -3 § ^- 5 8 00 B 'O re m g '^ ^ ;. I -; =5 -o u) ^ ^ S ijc ;£ _^ 2 25 ^ ^- b i o aj >-H s fo . .a $ ce P o S a2 a s ^ <3 t^ s 1?s^ s^ o 3 ■5 -r >> S C 2 2 'S -3 -I -3* -Q fc P ^ -2 s „^ :: a ^ _ •o ^ •" 5 > " ^- t. g CS ,?5 5 -J J B.P a5 2 i ,„ ? ^ .S S ^- oT-s ._f^ O MO) i S cS ^'-t ;S ^-S^ '^oc-.SS- " c^-r. r~i "x £ :' S'5'^ "■ = . « >. <= =« g lllllSilllWIIllilliJ^felliSls? 304 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 i 14 Enrolled with Company K as 1st sergeant; mustered in with Company M as private, 2d Or. Inf.; transferred to Company K per S. O. No. 42, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated May 16,'98; appointed sergeant per S. O. No. 102, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated M;iy l(i, '98; ai.i.uinled 1st sergeant per Co. 0. No. 3, dated May 16, '98; relieved from 1st ser- geant per Co. 0. No. 8, daled July :'(», ''.N; reappointed 1st sergeant per Co. o. No. 12, dai.d Sept. 1, 'iis; sick In regimental hos)iital July 13-li;, ''.N; sick in fiuartei-s July 17-18, Oct. 2(i-2;», Dec. 12-lH,'9,s; .! unc-.'-:^,, ,Julv i(i-17, '99; all dates inc.: all in lino of dutv. Due, pav'as pri- vate from date oi enr.)llinont to A]n-. 'Ji, '98, inc. De- posits: Aug. N. ■'.IS, .>;o, with Major Kilbourne; Sept. 1.5, '98, S30, with Ma.jor Scars; Nov. 7, 'its ^'io, witli .Major Sears; Jan. <',, ':';i, -io with Major Sheary; Mav MO, '99, 830, with Majoi(ortin. ., . , , Enrolled and ninstered in as quartermaster sergeant; sick in quarici s Nov. 7-11, '98; sick in 1st reserve hos- pital, Manila, I'. I., xMay 11-16, '99; .sick in quarters May 17-2,5, '9!); all dates inc.; all in line of duty. Due, pay as sergeant from date of enrollment to Apr. 29, '99, inc. Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant. Due, pay as sergeant Iroin date of enrollment to Apr. '29, '98, inc. Deposits: Alio. 11, '9.8, «30, with Major Gambrill; .Sept. 15, '98. --'5, \vith Major Sears; Mar. 13, '99, .S2.5, with Major Kocliester. Enrolled .and musteie.l in as private; appointed cor- poral from private |.ei S. O. No. 87, hdqr.s. 2d Or. Inf., dated . I line 2.5, '98; ai.pointed sergeant from corporal perS. O. No. 204, hdips. I'd Or. Inf., dated Dec. 17, '98; sick in quarters Aim. Mo to Sept. 2, '98; May 14-17, May 30 to June 4, '99; all dates inc., all in line of duty. Due, pay as private from date of enrollment to Apr. 29, '99, inc. Deposits: Aug. 8, '98, »15, with Major Kil- bourne; Sept. 15, '98, 110, with Major Sears. i 1 1 1 Portland- Portland- Portlaud- Portland- 1 May 16. May 14- May IL May 14- i III' fa J ^ J il lud— Neb— Can'da Minn. i ■'s Op 1-^ PQ P3 1 3 3 3 3 ii Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- 1 ^^ I 00 o ^•lo lo in in 1 S ?5 ?3 S j fa lat Sergeant. Herbert K. Hall Quartermaster Sergeant. Jabez J. Thurston— 3d Sergeant. Edward R. Colgan— ith Sergeant. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 305 ; S.-:^ ^5 55 s 9 §5 fl ^ 1 ^ !■§ ^ • S 9 s ' i 1 i 5 J« 1 s§ §s s w 306 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. "§ Enrolled and mustered in as private; with recruit de- tachment at Salem, Or., and San Francisco, Cal., from date of enrollment; assigned to company per S. 0. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Nov. 26, '98; ap- pointed corporal from private per S. O. No. 204, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Dec. 17, '98. Wounded at San Ra- fael, P. I., kay 1, '99; sick In 1st reserve hospital, Ma- nila, P. I., May 1 to June 12, '99; sick in regimental hospital June 13-20, '99; sick in quarters June 21 to Aug. 7, '99; all dates inc.; all in line of duty; tried by summary court Sept. 28, '98, for violation of 32d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours); sentenced to for- feit 84; collected on pay roll for Sept., '98. No cloth- ing issued hiin by the State. Enrolled and mustered in as private; with recruit de- tachment at Salem, Or., and San Francisco, Cal., from date of enrollment; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Nov. 26. '98; ap- pointed corporal from private per S. O. No. 204, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Dec. 17, '98. No clothing issued him by the State. Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor- poral from private per S. O. No. 204, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Dec. 17, '9S; sick in quarters Dec.3-.5, '98; sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Apr. 22 to May 26, '99; all dates inc.; all in line of duty. Deposits: Aug. 8, '98, $20 with Major Kilbourne; Sept. 15, '98,820, with Major Sears; Nov. 7, '98, 820 with Major Sears; Mar. 9, '99, 830 with Major Rochester; May 12, '99, 920 with Major Coffin. On special duty with Gatling battery per S. O. No. 2, hdqrs. 3d battalion, 2d Or. Inf.; dated Feb. 16, '99; relieved per verbal order Major East- wick, under date Mar. 22, '99. Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor- poral from private per S. O. No. 204, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Dec. 17, '98; sick in quarters Dec. 1-4, '98; Apr. 8-14, '99; all dates inc.; all in line of duty. Deposits: Aug. 8, '98, 840 with Major Kilbourne; Nov. 7, '98, 830 with Major Sears; May 30, '99, 840 jvith Major Coffln. i 1 .1 1 i Salem- Salem Portland- Portland- June 23- June 23-- May 14_ May 14- Laborer— Teacher- Farmer— Clerk 1 Tenn. Or. — Or. — lowa- 1 ^ Br. — Lt.Br. D.Br. Br. — 1 Blue- Blue- Blue- Br. — i Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- ^^ ^^ ^^ ^"in ic lO lO 1 ^ S 53 S3 Edgar J. Chamberlln Corporal. George W. Jones Corporal. Pernxr Pntrh Corporal. Thomas D.Robertson Corporal. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 507 ^2 T^QB. •SCacjc^ C8o S • £ eg .,75 ' =3.5:^5; Ill o-^c^l;|^ as s2^,|\| .-dS « iJ w ^ 1 i 3 1 ^- ^ 05 ic =D S5 =3 § 1m 308 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. fl . "d ' • 5 — .- . : "C o"^'"^ o^T- -yz OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 309 5 OD oo 02 H .2 O o o a5 id h5 p 3 p 3 3 p 3 3 i 3 i 3 1 1 1 ^ i ^ -^ ^ U5 lO lO lO § S5 2S =5 S -d i: 310 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ^=3 5 ^-C^ M^-'S ft.S = r =«>£.|~3 J5Tp£i■r' ti c3 a s° -" ^ ^ «-r: u a ii .1 ^ OREGON VOLUNTEKRS IN SPANISH WAR. ill pH'^:pg's 330 oTo-. ■E?i^5-:2^l s.§2||i ro«oS'a'-'3 = •5022; ., *j f-^ 2 c3 o 7-!'" "i ; o) 5; — - - M " 2 MO .^g.a'a'".?0.o5i K C8 cj Sacc - -c _ . >, = - >, • ~ 0) ■" S „■ sS :^^a = oog -g-J^ccg >2 2«fe^ :§«^-s sg.i •■^s iss ?5 S s s • s 1 a j 2 T^ cj Q te: 312 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 1 Enrolled and mustered in as private; in confinement Jan. 31 to Feb. 2, '99, inc.; released without trial; sick in regimental hospital May 29 to June 5, July 28-29, Sept. 22-25. '98; all dates inc.; all in line of duty. Due, pay as private Apr. '29, '98. Deposits: Aug. 8, '98, 810 with Major Kilbourne; Sept. 15, '98, $15 with Major Sears; Jan. 6, '99, 140 with Major Sheary. Enrolled and mustered in as private; absent, sick at Fort Mason, Cal., May 23 to July 18, '98; sick in quar- ters Sept. 8-28, '98, all dates inc.: all in line of duty. Due, pay as private to Apr. 29, '98. Enrolled and mustered in as private; with recruit de- tachment at Salem, Or., and San Francisco, Cal., from date of enrollment; absent, on sick furlough, Sept. 26 to Oct. 25, '98, inc., per telegram from War De- partment, dated Aug. 1, '98; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Nov. 26, '98. No clothing Issued him by the State. Enrolled and mustered in as private; tried by field officers' court Aug. 5, '98, for violation of 33d art. of war; acquitted; sick in quarters Sept. 25-30, '98, inc.; all in line of duty- Nov. 17-19, '98; sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Nov. 20 to Dec. 4, '98- all dates inc.; not in line of duty; sick in quarters Dec. 5, '98, to Jan. 3, '99; Jan. '24-29, '99; sick in regimental hos- pital Jan. 30 to Feb. 2, '99; all dates inc.; not in line of duty; sick in quarters Apr. 11-24, '99, inc.; in line of duty. Due, pay as private from date of enrollment to Apr. 29, 'm, inc. Deposits: Aug. 8, '98, $20 with Major Kilbourne; Nov. 7, 'l)s, Slo with Major Sears. Enrolled and mustered in as private; with recruit de- tachment atSalem, Or., and San Francisco, Cal., from date of enrollment; on furlough Aug. 12 to Sept. 10, '98, inc., per telegram from War Department, dated Aug. 1, '98; furlough extended from Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc., per indorsement A. G. O., dated Oct. 11, '98; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Nov. 26, '98; sick in quarters Nov. 26 to Dec. 14, 19-20, '98; Dec. 30, '98, to Jan. 3, '99; Jan. 7-11, 29-31, '99; sick in regimental hospital Feb. 7-8, '99; 1 s E 1 1 Portland- Portland. Salem -.- Portland- Salem.... 1 May 14. May 14. June 23- May 14- June 23- i 1 Student.. Student- Wood engraver. Barber... Farmer.. ii 1 1 p >H ! 5 5 w ^- 5 Lt.Br. Br. ... D. Br. Br. ... Lt.Br. 1 1 Blue.. Blue- Br. — Blue- Blue- ^1 Fair.. Fair- Dark. Fair- Fair.. 1 4^ ^^ . .^ ^^ g-in lo in lO in 1 ■ ^ g^ s s s Name. De Lashmutt, Albert DeLashmutt,JohnC. Duukin, Walter L... Du Rette, George A.. "J/ .-^ ¥^- '7^ ^ ''?r "^"^ J^^' ,^:^:;ii 1-5 t . ---i^- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 313 5 fe 0-( >^' i H 125 w W 1 ^ tl M CQ » Q fi ai a a 3 pq s 1 b! J fe fe fe ^ ^ ^ ■o U5 lO CO IM 00 '^ 314 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ■-3 -ci ■- ■= -^ "« V. * '- T - :: 5''-Z. " z ' .SO^a^x^ „' c -r t. s o o S o o > j? rt '^ -tiQ+^-s c •? S "3 § o .■S 1- 1 at- a^ o) , c; a-f a - '^" a MO a ,3; Ph' 5 I "^ .^t: S S S p, a ; E 5 8 "!:; s a * o 5 j ., tt o L" ^ «aE^a"^-r2 iJ-aofe='d-SO^c ffi '3 a a o a; sSr'^ ^ O c« oj II OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 815 §.^ = ^S! .2-S^ = « a i;u^ S^S-a cS C3-2 3^ c«o--? » § s = § s s Farmer— Farmer- Farmer— Student- Carpentei Switz- erland. Switz- erland. Mo. - Wis.- Idaho Blue- Blue- Fair— Fair- g 1 i ^ ^" i g^ » J; ., U3 lO lO ?5 eS ?5 §3 S u nk W. — drew liam F. - 316 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ■4 - d -2 J ^- Sh 5 -^|li ^5^1 si? 5 cs a; - -s • - as o O 1^ a ^o :a5S-S^ ]2^3c^|== i -r" " o ■--■ ^ rl i; ^ C - S - S''S S tH '"I s^-S t;^"'!'^ a Q-^.= - --rt-p^ya 0-S2 xr'.S o^S . S !li S-S2 . - 5-2= P =-S r:x aap^ -:^^|^ " p o ^fi=5^^5lllpi OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 317 hH ^. O ■« ~ ~i^ <^S ~? '=::;cj, J^S^^^Q cso^o^^ g--c^3^ r- t> v: - ~' 0,0^5 p=—i;-^ •■--''' ■•c— •-~'y^ - a .:i =5 1- -::; ^ ^ J J J j « ^ M ^ ^ 5 oa eq « 3 s pq 1 1 1 1 1 2 r^ ^^ ^ t- 05 U5 lO .0 10 10 lO 318 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. n as private; sick in quarters !; sick in regimental hospital quarters Nov. 28-30, '98; Mar. sick in regimental hospital nc; in line of duty. Due, pay mroUment to Apr. 29,'98, inc. n as private; sick in quarters June 10-11, '99; all dates inc.; e, pay as private from date of '98, inc. Deposits: Aug. 8, '98, ne; Nov. 7, '98. $20 with Major th Major Rochester. in as private; sick in regi- J-20, '98; sick in quarters Nov. 1st reserve hospital, Manila, . '99; absent, sick in San Fran- pr. 27, '99; descriptive list fur- ivate from date of enrollment sits: Aug. 8, '98, S20 with Major ;, S20 with Major Sears. Di.s- co, Cal., Apr. 27, '99. See No. 6, record of discharge certificate m m m 3 rolled and mustered in as private; on special duty clerk per F. 0. No. 1, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated May '99; relieved per F. ( ). No. 4, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated ay 15, '!i9; tried by summary court Dec. 10, '98, for olation ( if ()2d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit 13; fine idueted on Nov. and Dec, '98, pay roll; sick in quar- rs J uly 5-9, '98; June 1-4, '99; all dates inc.; all in line duty. Due, pav as private from date of enrollment Apr. 29, '98, inc". Deposit: Aug. 8, '98, |20 with Major ilbourne. ^ «a3 60 P| ^ rolled and mustered i ct. 20-28, Nov. 20-23, '9^ ov. 24-27, '98; sick in -15, June 2-4, 9-12, '99; ily 7-12, '99; all dates i i private from date of e rolled and mustered i ily 6-10, '9S; May 1-11, 1 in line of duty. Dui iroUment to Apr. 29, with Major Kilbour >ars; Mar. 9, '99, §10 wi rolled and mustered ental hospital June 11 to Dec. 1, '98; sick in I., Dec 2, '98, to Mar. 8 SCO, Cal., Mar. 9 to A] shed. Due, pay as pr Apr. 2!»,'98, inc. Depo ilbouriK.; Sept. 15, '98 iarg( cl at San Francis^ lischarged" men. No id final statements, rolled and mustei-ed i chincnt at. Salem, (M-., ite of enrollment; a- 0. 1S7, hd(irs. 2d <»r. Ii 1 = 0^-.:;^=^ «5i^cc|£S5pH-E-a2Woc:" S|is-cX SlsofS^'Si^oSM i •d ■o -a 1 •a 3 a 3 ! a s 1 i _2 £ * a u ■j^ '^ OJ t. o 1 Oh CL, CL( oc Ph ir ^ CO ■J £ J. —' !M — ■ S s >i >i >> IB n >, . tfi c3 CS c3 '^ s s S i 1 T~ s.) 1 J q3 £ . S3 ^ C5 a 2" tA 1 2 "3 2 3 3 T 3 s OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 319 '" r-^b: ." S I' •/ "^ :e^ S o cs ; i-o^.Z, o ■" h?°^^5;-3 5:i a; 2 i ;-^?s-^^ 55«Pr ■Sa S h?* ci.S rf i-cS 3j^2cd' s-c'S aoj S5; ; a " -- --g' -/.--- >.->'-/''-^c =;••= ^-o:jr -ir ^ : ?- -r^ ? g- -^ g||^|^ ■•0 ^ J3 ;t " ^.- T _ -? < > ^ ^ - .^' ■- _ -. ■-■■• -i I - - x .■ r ^ ^ i: -^ -a -"" o OS p ^ c3 ^^ ^ ^ a i ^^ i> ^ CD ^^ ^ U5 Ui 10 "= >c ^ 53 ^ g S 2§ ^ J20 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. I = OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 321 iSg-g i 3 <^ C " ;n ;^s.-rj= s|-s^ liSarl IJoT-S dl sri^.° a-s.:5 i^Tt i'C djijcj's SCO's 3Q mP CSXIGCO •S-d "If |p:fi!?|&!i^'iil^l^i^;?liljllii^l n-^.;; s !s», .:::'ac;< =-3^a2'i 2 S m i « P 3 CQ 3 m p 5 I 1 1 1 =0 ^ ^ 00 10 "= 10 eo s S 2 322 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. -"3 fl rf.^ fc^ " r-Ni c^ - — • i~* _ ^5 = cr2St a^otf uS-tj.lo . £:'- -fo' JD, s.sadB^f.".ss P- err, a-J iV-" " o a i « Id' M 3 4 1 i 1 1 1 1 1, ^ ^ -^ o g 1 ,»^ lO lO lO IC U5 1 g5 s ^ ?! ^ 15 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 32J ;^s=^5 =•2 iS . = ra lO lo lO S IS g § 324 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ■a'g'a 2 S5 PS ■,' o J3 - 'r^ 35 ^ *^ P u>)-— . aj - _- o rSao i^'s^ fe 5 O qo OREGON VOLUNTEEES IN SPANISH WAR. 325 .2 2S.SS^o6f^g|2 ;--t3oOSSc<;?^.2£?.j 2"^*^ o ' S^ c o ?ss||f|||.i|^ 1=2^5^:!? =is?:i a=l 326 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. , mi u c i i it = 1 ■r' >■ > = .J s ?; =■ c > •£ 3 -~ J^ :;■ i ^li|i< V^ 2 _ § I 2 Z/: f. n ? 1 ~: 1 - < X ^~. x < ; m&i 1 1 X ^ - 1 1 ? i •r \ ^ ^ - \ 1 •= 1 1 g |i i J 7= ~||i'=?| •3 — _- > '" 5 c '- ^ r >' z'. -: 3 ir z — ^ = — z. i •- i~ — '"- Sis . .,2 c ~ = L^'iT- 5 — ~ ^ = _r =' r -. - z _^ Z 1 E t "~ n r i jj-.E'f ".'• X-.5 1 m m •| 7. ■=■ J V 7> 1 it ■i i' ? j 1 1 ^ i c 1 c 1 i 2 £ - 7. -gL^V 'H. ^■? = s - "H •r £ i .;-' ■- = .^ _; ■■^ _- i ^ i ~/ !Z = "r ^' E .^^'^ > u '^ P 5jii ~ i 5 _' c. s ff - ^ f ? c c ; ^ 5. •i: r £ ll^^^^H^ ^ ^ ti •1' J L j ^ E 5 7. i -^ 5 - i i' ^< \ IJJillii ill^ 1 11 i. 1 '- - ^ u & ^ 'k -. 9 c •| £ 1 i E ~ = ~ J f C .r pi"?^ii-4l H li S' g g 5-0 c 1 ^ -; 0= i ■/. 1 ■c ■c ■o ■d 1 s c c c S t c3 ci OS 1 i ^ 13 G •£ £ o o O o 1 £ £ Ds Ph ^ ^ ^ Tji £ 5 » >■. >. >» >i 1 g c; cS eS ^ § ^' s S . ^ 1 ■*i J s S ■ . s 1 1 1 J a 1 2 2 a i 02 CO « cS ] 1 1 1 " O ^ o ^ c u -i pq cq pq J « s: J P (5 C i i n .^' ^ ^ s Q s s •2 j f si _ii ^ u ^ ^1 « "S "S 'S fe £ fc. 1^ ^ ^ « i> 00 1 ^ lO lO lO in 1 g § s 5i 1 CO 6 o J3 •- t "-5 ■^ a ^ i s o a ^ "S * s •a .a 1 •< ^ ^ s ORKGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 32' ,^0.^^05 VH g3 ■g.■SJ■5>■ ss#r .« -M --Q(, W-__ - _-"^^j, jj(„ Ci^" C8!N 03'^ -5 CI b . 5 fl ■" ^'' -— ' - "^ - - -^ - Ch, £sS==„c-.o a Bu; ce- ss o j; ,; O o 1 m m p aj o s 3 pq m 1 ^ fe 1^ o 50 m ic _ ^ t< 1 1 "C ja >1 o o ci g ■^ 3 w tl _a' .a fe 2 "d ® •'2 zi w « M S 2 C g i^ S- -g I -o 2 ^^ -3 I 22 •- S ^ cs " "I § ^ I « I ^ i I si =5 .C OS ££^ J3 .. 3 C oj O a, > 1-2 £ '^ ggog^ Sea's S « 02 .5 ?S « s fl i *j „ " c3 3 '-'^ OD 5< S2oSS3>|gS 0) fl ^ .3 ;a >■. „' fl -d d •aa>aj5So30£c3 g S s I ^ g 5 B a I >. -d o 2 "d i >. - 3 s g ♦^ o Q S ., ..- «" -^ ., n i^ K -^ ft ^ hn .X ^ S 2 3 I ^ :§ I g J I 1 d 3 ^ 2 ^ a § 's 1 ^ s ^ ^ 3 ^ 2 .S § 5; iS 'ft u 3 c5 5 ■- ?: ^ o ft B 15^3 3 .3 h ^ -g^Sg^ftS^^- "ft-S-rt--;" *^ "'**>.S-I3t->.3 t; a 3 « li -C 3 o » i^ ~ s a S * S cs ■- *^ > M 'c >> a o s ^ « ■^ >< -d o 'S " I I jd - S * « .-s 8 » ;3 a o o a I ^Z g O CO o ^ ij a I C5 T3 g5 g.' || &S ^ '^^^ ^ a . o a I a "^ a 5 .s i nf . I:^ a I S I 22 .^ ^ S «^ 5 « i is §i a -d 2 S 11 f I i 5 M^ ^ a S -S J P b> ^' 2 g ^ I OT -^ fl o ^ s I is lis- ■£ O ^ p, •2 ^ ^ d ^ o S ^ -s :§ s cs '^ 3 a oi S a i S 5 fi 5 -rt 1i ^, a c3 +^ a -a -a a p p c S S '^ a s a oi CD ij a S i 1 1 1 1 o s 'c S c ta S S 5 io S a T3 a ^ -^ a> ^ ic a a ? ^ ^ § ^ j= q -3 -o *J- ji fc, a >> 2 S a'S a o- •H g ■s >s .£; ^ s p lo 0) a ^ - J3 OS 5 >, g 03 a ^ s a a i « c3 a -6^ S <^ o •^ " S O = 5 S a a d i I 'J I ^ I § 2 . f; 5 '^ aj O -^ a^ o a s a s M a ^^ •■§ w « s § a - " 5 5" 2 -c J s a s OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 329 3S0 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. li av:sSr^S.= C2SS« ; = -M-g-=cs" ^^^■5^0 = i-^JI^St-SslSS-^^-^c O s cc cS jc 2 ai-i^ l^z: "^ bibs ^' • SI ;^ :^ 2 s I g >•%. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 331 ^S O != a ^ J tf 5 s 1 1 5 d u m i B i ffl s Q P 1-1 I \ aj j ai 1 S 3 3 c m S m S M n P3 "S S ■3 '3 •3 ■3 r^ £ fa fe fa ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ «= lO lO IC lO U5 U5 I e 332 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. nOg^. ^ cS o cS ^ o'C <^^ S.'-' s is ^a ^ ^1 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 333 ^•-S'l^SJ ■ "■ o -j ^. a. so O.- . .-£ C o3 ^ 0-~^ a --j^cS OS- ■3^6 2 s,-;'^:-^ 3 a; o . O of SOS o i i i'^ a; 03 cS - o 2- =«-p,?C!it:iJ -? ao ^ •■ "^ M ^ : te«. 5a:3'C=f.2 5e3J..; ^OO^c3Sft.2,:iC = " C " !i2 ^ '^ f 1- £- ? c3^-o3^-S'd5S«-.S o ^z-'i ;?s -Oar- 00 ^ 03 H » c8 1 1 'O MS j 3 2 i s m § 3 g •J. •3 1 i5^ ^ ^ t- U5 10 10 in s ■^ a 2 334 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. :-5i C'5§= lir^^ . *J a/ s ^5 ^ i- i" ^ P-l Sol 2^ i^iii to -^ !n"=^",0 M-5 era c C^l rr ja _M — - •-, i. , J" ^ a,f^ ■* i?^ Sf^ E-mail's 'e.^ ?^-2 'S-a "Sj^'i •^«5 •<.::ja.3::z;'p.(iH'c^ ow ac ! a 1 c8 -^ § S ^^ ^ ^ 3 H J s i ID A OS ttl 1^^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 335 C.3 1^ pp^i S.'?^;. '^S^ /.- ~ o . c-c-S — ' c^ cS Sfil :-gi g g >• ' (V o 5^ j|-3"32 :^ -g ' '^oc -^ Tg a e I fS"^"«ra2o;S ■2 ^Os-^O U-^_ ^2^ :^s -- = _••- cs a. 57:--=_'0 ^-Ss g ^ 3 g s i i 5 G PI O -• i 1^ 1 « « 1 ft 1. « si 5 5 « M 1 "5 si s i 1 1 1 ti 1 1 ^ <3i 00 00 00 ao o U3 63 g3 ^ s 22 ^ s Ol 85 336 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 On special duty in medical drpartmentperS.O. No. 7, hdqrs. 2d div.,.sih A. C, dated Aug. 8, '98; returned to duty per S. ( i. No. '29, hdqrs. 1st div., 8th A. C, dated Oct. 1, '98; sick in ipiarters June 18-27, '98; July 7-10, '98; all inc.; in line of duty. Tried by summary court Nov. 20, '98, for violation of 02dart.of war; .sentenced to I.e <-onfined at hard labor two weeks; in coiuineinent Nov. 20 to Dec. 10, '98, inc.; sick in quarter- May .;u-:;i, '98; May 31 to June 5, '99; sick in regimeiit.il hospital July 9-13, '98; Mar. 11-18, '99; sick in division hospital, Manila, P. I., May 15-30, '99; all inc.; in line of duty. Due soldier for depo.sit: Aug. 8, '9,s, -r-'ii; Sept. 15, '98, $20; Nov. 7, '98, $•20; Jan. 6, '99,815; total, S75. Tried by field officers' court July 26, '98, for violation of 62d art. of war; ac^iultted; tried by field oflScers' court .\ 111;. .1, '98, for \ iola.tion of 33d art. of war (ab- sent from drill Auii. "i. "98); sentenced to forfeit 81; fine deducted on Aul; . 'US, pay roll; sick in quarters June r, to .Inly 2, Sc|.t. 23-20, Oct. 10-15, '98; Dec. 28, '98, to .Ian. 1, '99; June n to July 14, '99; sick in regi- mental hospital Jan. ■:-ix, '99; sick in division hospi- tal, Manil.i, P. I., May 1 to June 13, '99; sick in divi- sion hos| ital, San I'l .nicisco, Cal., July 15 to Aug. 7, '99; all Inc.; in liii.^ of duty. Assigned to and ioiiud company at Manila, P. I., per S. 0. No. 1.^7, lid.ps. Jd Or. Inf., dated Nov. '20, '98; sick in .piavters Dec. Js, '98, to Jan. 3, '99; sick in divi- sion liosiMtal, Manila, I'.L, Nov. 25 to Dec. 8, '98; all inc.; in line of duly. No clothing issued him by State. Sick in Mua.rters .lu'ne ls-19, Sept. 18-29, Nov. '25 to Dec. 0, '98; sick in division hospital, Manila, P. I., Sept. 30 to Oct. 1.1, '!N; Nov. (i-iM, '98; all inc.; iu line of duty. Due soldier for deposit: Aug. 8, '98, $25. Assigned to and joined company at Manila, P. I., per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Nov. 20, '98: tried by summary court Feb. 11, '99, for violation of 32d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours); sentenced to be confined at hard labor for five days and to forfeit 8(i; fine deducted on Feb., '99, pay roll; in confinement i 1 s •S •8 £ 1 1 Portland. Portland- Portland- The Dalles Portland- The Dalles b May 15- May 15- May 15- July 7- May 15. July 7. J • Tinner... Student- Student.. Farmer — Student- Salesman 1 1 Wis... Or. .- Or. ... 111. — Wash. Or. ... 1 1 D. Br. Br. ... Br. — Lt.Br. D. Br. Lt.Br. 1 m M P K ffl CQ '4 Fair.. Fair.. Fair.. Fair- Fair- Fair.. 4^^ ^^ ^^ o ^ ^" ^lO lO >C lO U3 "3 i £5 22 22 S 2 S i Cloyes, Herbert P.... Cooke, William E.... Cooper, Avery J DeAtley, OraE Elton, James 0. Fredden, Harry A. .. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 337 o § o o ^ • -• 1 «H t; cq « ' pq cq d » Q P S s 2 § pq c « S « Q 338 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. X -^ o >- 2 ^ 13 "C ^^ 1: s = i S O < ►^ 1 j^ 1 ] t; •i n ' a •c CQ P5 2 05 ^ & '•-* 1 j o 6 1 s ;? m 5 S 5 M ■ 1 1 11 fo "i ^ "3 5 fa fe fa fa fa 1 ^^' 00 ^ I- 00 00 5«= U5 >o to lO o si c3 03 1 O' i E 1 ; 1 a 1 > i; o £ £ ^' ^ 1 a S cq W ■ i 3 3 s 1 S s fe S 5§ d 1 ^ m a n c« 340 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. I I !l|?-i 1=5 1-5 QJ :■- «►; ■= 5^5 a''?!^ s _ = 51 "'.lis ./ 2 -c •-= «3 llt^lfl ^ ill U=HMs C.2 5' X .:: ? o .2 c :="^-^ :^^ O 02 § s II 2Sg « t-o3 O ^ 11 CQ Q ^:^ W H W ii; OREGON VOLlfNTEEllS IN SPANISH WAR. 341 2"^ „3g £JJ --'^ Ss .d'-'^ ia|p?5^§sJ«llf Ss;i^il=?lo|s— ^^« .Oo cS^Cii, f> fe^o3^;iiC ^ i = :z ./ ^ -/ i;-^, 1, a _aj .2 ci a; o = „: g >?'-? ^2 ><1 go; 9 a Hi < Q := S s ^ e g s s fe ^ p^ b^ fa ^ -^ -H g ^ 1 ^ =o 00 o lO ■o •o lO ^ iO "" in i^ 2 o 03 n S3 53 S o) a K 53 aj C5 r^ '= S =- M ^ 342 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 1 Assigned to and joined company at Manila, P. I., per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Nov. 26, '98; sick in quarters Jan. 18-21, '09, inc.; in line of duty. No clothing issued him by the State. On special duty with regimental quartermaster, per S. 0. No. 152, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Sept. 24, '98; re- turned to duty per S. O. No. 178, hdqrs. '2d Or. Inf., dated Oct. 30, '98; in conflnement Aug. 15-25, '98, inc. released without trial; sick in quarters Dec. 6-16, '98; sick in regimental hospital Feb. 15 to March 13, '99; sick in division hosi)ital, Manila, P. I., Dec. 17, '98, to Feb. 15, '99; all inc.; not in line of duty. On special duty at miliiary post ollicc per S. O. No. 113, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated .luly 27, 'l»s; returned to duty per S. O. No. (i9, hdip-s. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated < )ct. :.. '98; .sick in MUarters Sept. 2-5, 15-26, Sept. 29 to C»cl, ."), Oct. 10-15. 'IIS; sick in division hos- pital, Manila, r. 1., Nov. (i-Ui;, '98; all inc.; in line of duty; dLschaiui-d Nov. 26, '!is, on certificate of disa- bility; dischara:.' and final statements given; service, "honest and laithful." Hue United States: 1 haver- sack, 72c; 1 eu|j, sc; 1 meat lation can, 14c; 1 knife, 4c; 1 fork, 3c; 1 spoon, Ic; total. S1.02. Due soldier for clothing, |29,i;7. On special dntv with regimental quartermaster, per S. O. No. isi, hd(|is. 2d Or. Inf., dated Nov. 4, '98: re- turned to duty i.er S. 0. No. 198, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Dec. i), "is; sick in quarters July 2-4, Aui;. ID-i:!, 20-26, Oct. ■_'-(;. 1 >!■(•. 6-9, 11-20, '98; sick in reginienial hospital .luly lsni,'98; all inc.; in line of duty; dis- charged .Ian. 12, '99, on certificate of disability; dis- charge .and final statements given; service, "honest and faithful." Due United States: 1 meat ration can, 28c; lshelterhalf-tent,Sfl.77. Due soldier for clothing, S23.ll. Sick in quarters Aug. 16-2-5, Aug. 29 to Oct. 11, Nov. 15 to Dec. H, '98; Dec. 25, '98, to Jan. 23, '99; sick in divi- sion hospital, Manila, P. I., Aug. 26-28, Dec. 9-24, '98; all inc.; in line of duty; discharged Jan. 23, '99, per S. 0. No. 21, hdqr.s. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, "S 2 1 Portland- Portland Portland- Portland- Portland- 1 i S >> >. >> >> ^ II i 1 1 i ; ^ ■ Salesman Laborer- Clerk Carpenter Telegra- pher. 1 1 111. — Neb. .. Or. -- lowa- Ont.- 1 i Br. — Lt.Br. Blk.- Blk.- D. Br. 1 Br. -- Blue- Blue- Br. — Br. — a i 1 1 i i 1 ^i . ^ ^ i ^U- lO U5 iC CO •K S 2 ?5 S ^ Wright, Joseph S. — DiscJKirrjed for disability. Charles B. Franklin . Corporal. Private. Hilton. Fred - . if a 1 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 343 .,•'3 i;' "a. -*-'c 13 Iq"' S :c .r^ ^ ^ -o -g -o j X dj r„ " ^ -S^dl- — C ;S X ^ c3 0.%5 -g C ' >« -"-^ 2i --^ .2 -a Kfiii«!i|siiiiiiiiii!ifiiiii!i|iMiiaii -^ 5 tf^ ° ^^' - si: * ^ ^ " - - "" "^' • '*^ ■" ^"^ S*^ 1"^ -C M3Q o P - !5 1^ .S «5 Si aT3^ii-2 . , , 3 OJ C a -3 c3 .2? S=5"3CD 553- aaa;S.2 ifj— ■rt'CO'iHao*^ bo § S M w- S bi ] I j pq M ' a ■ fl ft W P5 w lO «= lo ^ m 2 g § ^ 2 « i 344 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. .- „^ ■- .■ .-:: M."^ =0 SS^-ra^-H .=• = ■•■ •-■ C73 . ,!3 S * • >^-2 £; -y: ^ 53^ .G ^^^ - ►3 O aQ fe 1 ] 1 . -^ c i :^ grt o 3 3 q iiii i mi mi P o 5 1< < i ■3 = •5 |5 li ^5 If z ii z 7: "3 1 1 X ^ 5 C 1 ^2 t-1 S if? iP iZ X 1 lill! i 1 1 3 1 i 1 i -r >■ I § ix > z X 11 ■r-3 i = f •E 1 "^ "d •a ■c ■3 i s a 1 1 a CJ 5 3 3 s ^ S s s :> ^ ■s - B. fa fa fa i- ^_rl ' lO 5: 5 ? >> >i >» ^ 5 ? ca :§ s s S S 7 J3 I. I c U 1 •«S ^ d >i a, 1 U ao 3 QQ 1 1 > ■3 J = i '^ " "^ — ^ 1 S ^• X ^ fi - K s « "T 1 i i s 3 3 l: i \ n C3 m li "3 •1 !^ ~ fa fa fa fa ^ ^1 ^^ ^ :§ .CO lO lO ■? a S i § i ! 1 si ad fa s =c ^ X >1 ^ 1 5 s S 3: OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 347 ois eO. •5*-;aj-ai5 g>; •^^.s^ ^-i ^io. rH^ c-^o lilliili|S?S&5illig °1_ IsSli? 111? "I'SSII ^°.gtZ^ :s::«^.ea^='3s Ss^zrvS § «2oSs5i isgs^ii^^is-^^isJlf" '5 s 03 ;2 CC 3 ■ ^' o 0- . o d pq S 2 2 S d pq 1 i 3 3 3 3 i 1 1^ '3 1 « ^ —1 CO ^ OS ■^ ^ la •o ■c lO IC lO =i s s s S ^ ^ d ^ § ■K « S g 1 |S 1 1-5 il ^Ijl ® 1^. ^ 1 S^ ■c "S 1 ? ^ (§ 'j^ 3 5 348 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. •g 1 ! Sick in quarters July .5-10, '98; Oct. 5-10, 21-28, '98; Nov. 25-29, '98; Dec. 3-10, '98; .sick in ree:imental hospital June 22-27, '98: all inc.; in line of duty; killed inaction at Malabon, P. I., Mar. 25, '99; inventory of effects and final statements forwarded to Adjutant General. Due United States: 1 bayonet, SI. 18; 1 scabbard, 81c. Due soldier for clothing. Si l.si. Sick in quarters Oct. 11-15, '98. inc.; in line of duty; killed in action at .Malabon, P. I., Mar. 25, '99; inven- tory of effects and linal statements f(jrwarded to Ad- jutant General. Du.' Inited States: 1 bayonet, SI. 18; 1 bayonet scabbard, sic. Due .soldier for clothing, S29..5(i. Due .soldier for deposit: Aug. 8, '98, 815; Sept. 1.5, '98, S15; Nov. 7, 'iis, -i:,; .Ian li, '99, $10; total, S55. Sick in quarters Jnnr ■J-'-Ji;, n-, inc.; in line of duty; killed by mistake by Mniinel Jan. (i, '99; inventory of eftectsaiid final statements lorwarded to Adjutant General. Due Unile.l siai. s: 1 Springfield rifie, cali- bre .45,813.02; 1 canteen, ..;,■. Due soldier for clothing, S22.53. Due soldier for deposit: Aug. 8, '9S, $;i5. Enrolled and musteiiil in a- i>rivate; appointed wag- oner from private iief s^. < » No. 207, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Dcc.l';;, iis; leduced from wagoner to private per S. i ». No. it. lebirs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. 1., Mar. l'. ■;i!I; viek in quarters July 10-13, '98; Sept. 6-10, 23-2S. -iK; sici; in regimental hospital May 29 to June 5, '9S: .1 nly ..-7, ii.S; ,Ian. 13-17, '99; sick in division hospital, Manil.i. 1". I., Jan. 18 to Feb. 7, '99; Feb. 28 to Mar. 9, '99; all inc.; in line of duty; died of smallpox at division hospital, Manila, P. I., Mar. 9, '99; inventory of effects and final statements forwarded to Adjutant General. Due soldier for clothing, $10.73. i ! i 1 1 i Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- 1 May 15- May 15- May 15- May 15- 1 Carpenter Surveyor Concrete finisher. ll W.Va. Or.— N. Y.- Wash. ■I i D. Br. D. Br. D. Br. Red- 1 Br. — Br. — Blue- Blue- s 1 o 1 1 1 1 1 .1 1 ^. -^ .^ . ^10 in in 10 -u g =5 S5 55 s Strawderman, L.V.- Taylor, Hayes B ICilled b}j accident. Lee K. Morse 1st Sergeant. Died of disease. Private. O'Flahei-ty, Henry— V. ^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. •2 S 03 S 349 33 jq 5 i Si -g IS ■g :^ ? p 5 5 «- P !» ^ , ^ 2 be '"' a K ts _• ^ § « = g I "1 i ^ ^ ! :2 -a" 5 :ii ' 't S !5 ft ' *" :S o 3 ! S -^ ^ o ' a 5 >. "^ ! > 5^ S ^ I £ -. S ^ ^5 a^ O -H OJ -s I I ^ ja fc ■< = .S I ■s =s I "^ fi -3 m .£; a" a — SS '"' r — 03 o _c S < © Z -t: a a ^ SO . <; a a S § ^ C S g o S «^ ■? o I § ^ J ^ 2 I £ I • ■ ? s ° I i £ '^ =K I i, 1 -g ft a ^ •in a -S > «; C o5 >■• c3 CO cS O -^ K Z> S ? ^ a g I'd o 2 o g -< S <» ^ i j2 ii " I ^ 5 g 5 -2 ^ 8 & S =^ a « S ^ S M .^ CD .-ti h a t' 5 t? 350 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. O Q 3 c3 a. -a i 50 OJ-I a ^5 --0O da=« •3 a i Commissioned captain; accepted commission and mustered into service May 15, '98; assumed command of company same date. Sick in quarters July 21-25, '98; inc.; sick in hospital Sept. 19 to Nov. 17, '98, inc.; sick in quarters Nov. 18, '98, to Jan. 21, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. Pay due [as captain from Apr. 26-29, '98, inc. Commissioned 1st lieutenant; accepted commission and mustered into service May 15, '98; in command of company from .Sept. Hi, '98, to Jan. 23, '99, inc., per regimental verbal mcier; confirmed and made of record S. 0. No. 151, lubirs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Manila. P. I., June 5, '99. Sick in quarters July 29 to Aug. 1, '98, inc.; Nov. 7 to Dec. 2, '98, inc.; all in lin(> of duty. Pay due as 1st lieuten- ant lVt)m Api-. '.'(l--!!, '9S, inc. Commissioned .M lieutenant; accepted commission and niustei. (1 into ser\ ice May 15, '98. Sick in quar- ters Julv 21--':;, -'.K, inc.; Oct. 7-9, '98, inc.; Dec. 24, '98, to Jan. 1, '!);i. in,'.; Jan. 3 to Feb. 2, '99, inc.; sick in hospital Kel). :;-!i, ''.I'.t, inc.; sick in quarters Feb. 10-13, '99, inc.; all in line of duly. Pay due as 2d lieutenant from Apr. 2(>-:;:i, "'.is, inc. Enrolled and mustered in as 1st sergeant. Sick in quarters July i-:., 22-23, '98, inc.; Aug. 11-15, '98, inc.; Aug. 24 to Sept. 1, '98, inc.; sick in hospital Sept. 30 to Nov. 17, '98, inc.: sick in quarters Nov. 18 to Dec. 1, '98, inc.; Jan. s-ii, DO, inc.; all in line of duty. Pay due as 1st sergeant from Apr. 20-29, '99, inc. In the set- tlement for clothing is included the amount of 811.37, total value of clothing issued him ijy the State. 1 1 1 1 1 1 Portland - Portland. Portland- Portland- 1 May 1.5- May 15. May 15. May 15- 1 Cashier- Merchant Teacher- Teacher.. il 111. ... Ohio- Ind... Ind..- 1 i t 1 1 Blk.- D. Br. Blk... D. Br. 1 Br. ... Blue- Br. ... Br. — n il U il il II II •t 4S 5 « . ^ic iO 10 in 1 5 g ^ 22 1 John M. Poorman... Captain. William E. Finzer— tst Lieutenant. Charles R. Platts — . 2d Lieutenant. Willis A. Platts 1st Sergeant. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 351 .« OS'S G-S. ■^ v„o S s 5 ■-—'?" -- MO - C-. C O . " o >* :o-i2S • " , S cj C "'-' .5^.2 ^-J. OJ S c OJ aj cc H H^ to O aj 0) *= tS '0^^.25 gS •- • t^ .„ o a *i a»^5^.2=«>> gs'^.2f^:^ Oc:'^'c5?i'!3 ' a-a X Q -, a > Oi c ^ ^ ^ 1- - S; "^ -- I = ^s??o. a-e-S.o.:; •a.5Sg3->-t^: :-C^'^=o :^^SpM2;; '«'"= esS £"a o -^§hH(^VjOO sa,-"so§ s fc. •Jl J so ll •d o a a ^ J_- t; 1 PQ CQ cq CP ' J >J] ^J Q ■J 1 ai 0) 0) a) a CQ m s m 3 J J c3 c8 c3 cS fa El. fa ^ ^ s » 00 in lO lO lO el o c3 g> 352 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 i Enrolled and mustered in as corporal; sick In quarters July 7-ii, Sept. 21-22, Oct. 28 to Nov. 1, '98; all inc.: all In line of duty. Pay due as corporal Apr. 2(i-29, '98, inc. In the settlement for clothing is included the amount of $11.16, total value of clothing issued him by the state. Enrollt'd and mustered in as private; appointed cor- poral Muy 15, '98, per Reg. 8. O. No. 7, May 15, '98, Port- land, ( II-.; sick in quarters Oct. 27 to Nov. 1, '98, inc.; in line (if duty. Pay due as private Apr. 26-29, '98, inc. In the sett lenient for clothing Is included the amount ofSll.lti, total value of clothing issued him by the State. Enrolled and mustered in as corporal; on special duty as orderly, military commission, per S. 0. No. 43, hdqrs. provost marshal general, Manila, P. I., Dec. 12, 'i)8; returned to duty Juni-, 'iiii; wounded at Laguna de Bay in action Mar. li), 'iili; sick in hospital Mar. 19 to Apr. '£i, '99, inc.; in lineofduty. In the. settlement forclothing is inclnde.l tlieaiiiount of S5.50, total value of clothing issued hiin by ilie State. Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor- poral per Reg. S. (). X... 7, Portland, Or., May 15, '98; sick in hospital .\u-. -Js to Dec. 17, 'i)8, inc.; sick in quarters Dec. is. its, Im Jan.5, '99, inc.; sick in hospital Mar. 23 to Apr. IM, •!i!i, inc.; all in line of duty. Pay due as privat.- Ai>r. '_'(; -Jl, 'f)8, inc. lu the settlement for clothing is in.'lu.l..-i- U.g. S. ( 1. N.,. 203, Dec. 16, 'i)8, Manila, P. I.; wound.-d in a. linn l,.f<.re Polo Mar. 26, '99; sick in hospital Nov. -.'l lo D,,-. !, '98, inc.; Mar. 26 to .lune 1, '9li,ine.; si.-k in .|iiarl.-rs , June 2-15, '!)9, inc.; all in Hue ot duty, liii.' Inited Slates for ordnance retained, one web bill an.l jilate, 72 cents. No clothing issued him by the Stall-. EuroU.-d aii.l mustered in as private; appointed cor- poral per Keg. S. ( ». No. 203, Dec. 16, 'ij8, Manila, P. I.; wounded in action before Malabon Mar. 15, '99; sick s 1 1 i Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- Wood- burn. Wood- burn. When. May 15. May 15- May 15- May 15- July 2- July 2. a Clerk Black- smith. Salesman Student- Teacher— Lawyer — II Or. — Or. — N.J.- Or. — Or. — Or. — 1 D. Br. Br. -. Br. ... Br. — D. Br. Lt.Br. "i i 1 oj ^ . ^ ^•n U3 in m in in 1 S^ S S 25 g5 g3 I Eugene Moshberger - Corporal. R. A. Moshberger Corporal. Fred W. Bowne Corporal. Tracy C. Poorman — Corporal. Frank E. Edwards .. Corporal. Brady F. Burnett. Corporal. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 353 OfLi 55 "S •d r fl GO 'O 05 Druggist.. Paper- maker. Farmer — Clerk Black- smith. Or. -. Or. — Ger- many. Mo. - Pa. — D. Br. Blk.- 1 1 1 Br. — Blue- = 1 ^: S pq W Fair- Fair- Fair — Fair- Dark- ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ U3 Iff iO 10 £3 ^ ^ 2 S ^orporal. iraons- Corporal. ickwell- Corporal. 23 354 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ';s ;i c; ~ :^' --5 , .*; oca o pa o O) .^jj o ■ = ■?■= aos 2 S J J J OD fe &H O o_ o o § ^ >3 ^ Q S s S d Q ffl ^i J J J ^ i i l! "ii fe &^ fe fo El. E^ ^ S^ ^ ^ :;? :5s- ;5? o o t5 e"= ta u. ^' lO .o lO J 3 5 ^ OREGON V0LUNTP:ERS IN SPANISH WAR. I'J? •a.--it1.2-s5^o2 Si;S^^.2-?^ ^s 2 -o /3 ,'S'^TH -rtS^-o;a 5-^: = 5.^53 53 '^ii-u'a^-s^- >' Sc:S«od.= -3e< fl-=i{B o« S2 c ft .;:' c5d; , i -^ ^-; 5t^ieSf II fl^-f 5^ S S?? Sn^^-^ac ^PSWnH^O-d^ o 1 d 1 1 1 § 6 P 1 1 t; tj } 1 1 P9 pq u L. cq eq P cq 1 a> 0) oi i; « CQ m M cq J k! ;^ t-i u eS c3 cs iS cS fe fe fe. fe :^ ^ in liS 10 us in 55 g^ S S 8§ 356 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ■ r 2 '-^ M >. 'I/O z. :-K2 = I list's' ^-1 2 a O S ; £oc~.S t. --< o 2 tj)^ 5 h <5 li i •- . I a^ M f <« o X! ~ 5 : S.>--S o-a c S 5 ? S.2.Q^-S|•5: c ?? c » § o =5^ ^ =-,=? S S fe'S OREGON VOLUNTEKRS IN SPANISH WAR. OS'S M ei 3;"M rg jjj o ^ -^ b£ Jj! -^2 2 • - o :^-iB8-r.B^mi^i c; s s s ?" o *^ .5 o S cS O fl 3 3 2 5.0^^! 0=3 'Sg-: «-2^§oo H-M03 d--3 S-S-Sg—'a Crr.'5>--aLraaCR -"- -Si ^««-S§fr^'5^^^^'c33^S^ 2 3S°2c^^-;?a^'saj 3 st;:^?^ c«.,-5S„-=«^cS?5^5.ScS3- '^■^ !s*§-: |5i53gi||i|i^-;.- ": oS:! 3«' aj^M C<« . . (U I 50)00 o sp (DCM^g-C-c 0^ ^^ G ^ 2 :'■•• ^•'- w l^^^^sSa i,^ oi^s^o d s o ;5-^ o Maj'c S o ^ S^-:" l255-o^|S3|§P^|^5o.l|SS25 \Q ss-a^ -r3-/-'..ocs o .-t:— ,: .S:i.S-.SQSS'?S3i rrs:r_>oo ?* .3 5 ~ .• 'a.S '-^ 12 « O ;?; ^ ^ s o M Q « s pq 3 S 1 3 S 3 M i s I 1 g 1 'a fan CO ? g "^ ^ 33 ^ m lO U5 ^ U5 lO 50 ?5 S S! ^ ^ s J5 ci % fo ^.■ -2 « 358 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. "©solas' 5»''5'^''2f'g°'f5 gosi^ r^T'CO .-71 = = ^ «!lHf-^ ;o5a .J«o S'OO Ofi.2.: M*e.ss !;3-"„-:3 .-C-J3- ■^ a;2 =='5- '^ S a s ••5-' • *j ^^ 'Tj » O s fa ^ aj H ^ 1^' .2 3 5 Q m cq 3 i s 2 3 3 J 2 1 1 1 g 10 ^ ^ ,^ in •o u-3 lO lO ?3 2 =3 S £; 360 ORECxON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 [ 1 Enrolled and mustered in as private; sick in hospital Dec. 1-14, '98, inc.; sick in (luarters Dec. 15-17, '98, inc.; Feb. 1-5, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. Due United States for ordnance retained, one canteen, 43 cents; one haversack, 72 cents. No clothing issued him by the State. Enrolled and mustered in as private; tried by sum- mary court Se)>t. 28, '98, for violation of 62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit84; finededucted on Sept., '98, pay roll; tried by summary court Jan. 14, '99, for viola- tion of 62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit 810; fine deducted on K(>b., '99, pay roll. No clothing issued him by the State. Enrolled and mustered in as private; tried by sum- mary court . I iily 7, '98, for violation of 62d art. of war; .sentenced to forfeit 85; fine dc.lucted on Aug., '98, pay roll; tried by summaiy conn .1 uly 28, '98, for violation of62dart.ofwar; seiiien<-ed toforfeitIS; finededucted on Aug., '98, pay roll; lii<'(l by summary court Aug. 5, '98, for violation of :;:;y the Sl:.ie. KnroHedand musieici in as private; sick in hospital Nov. 25 to Dec. 7, ",is, inc.; in line of duty. No cloth- ing issued him i.\ 1 he state. Enrolled and nniM, id in as private; .sick in hospital Oct. 3-5, '98, in,.; , lei. (; to Dec. 7, '98, inc.; sick in quar- ters Dec. 8, -lis, 1,, ,h,ii. :;, '99, inc.; June 30 to July 12, '99, inc.; all in li ii duty. In the sidtlement for clothing is included ih,' amount of 811.16, total value of clothing issued him by the State. Due United i i j Where. Wood- burn. Wood- burn. Portland- Portland Wood- burn. Portland 1 July 2. July 2. May 15- May 15. July 2. May 15. 1 Laborer— Plumber- Laborer.. Cook Farmer _ - Lumber- man. 11 Or...- Or. .... Pa. — Iowa- Mo.-.. Mich.- 1 5. S 1 1 D. Br. Br. ... Br. ... Br. ... D. Br. Br. — Eyes. Blue.. Blue- Blue- Blue-. Br. ... Blue.. ^t 1 ei ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^"J lO uo U5 lO lO 11^ ?5 ?§ S E5 S 1 Hall, Ralph— .1 Hannon, Wm. H Headrick, David Hockett, Waiter B.- Holt, William E Holland, Howard H. < -. 'iT ~i-zz=. Ji- Tm^^' 1-, ■•* ^'Si- . .•,«»\. OEEGON VOLtfNTEKRS IN SPANISH WAH. 361 c3 ■^ib I QJ O " ZS a 03 ^Pli^l ^eill ^"S^^i^ ;^^-;? skS-!l -Ms^i 6^^ s t. rt OJ CS ^■5 -I ft .S Q © c3 <2 "^ 1! ;2esbj)-=i!;!,§„^5"-a: t^ S °'c "-dSr,"^ ^i^^i o«5-jgO.^S «.2 fl| a S 2 c^t5^.S'3|^'5 SSQ2|Q:q i o 1^ o § S g § •-3 § § I-: 1 j ! 1 E a fl .M c i^ a X OD s ^ n J fe 1 ; t. c3 & 1^ 1. ^ 1 1 t. j ffl w w 23 n p M « Q 1 ] si S 1 B »i m « M » M 3 J « — 1 1 1 1 ■i-s !- ^ ■| 1 c3 fa ^ ^- ^ iifi 3 ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ 00 ^^ CO ^ 362 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 11 — XI ■35 appointed cor- , Manila, P.I. O.perReg.S.O quarters Sept ; all in line of 8, inc. In the he amount ot by the State, ounded in ac- pital Apr. 11 t< -li), '99, inc.; all ..3=^.2 6-^^ i ' iV 2^ «o-'3' ..-I'i:-- - - >i P.T1 cSr/j*-, • i-* — 1 ' - - s - '^~ c: A% iy:;5 = ^- c" '^.s ■s^S&si^^c-iZ-s ^ •- ; S~ " -■"■--'/= §2 Srt =i ^y-J ^ --^ - - -: "^ V. rt ^ — .:; ■■ S''< ^^S'^i;^^-^:;??-?- I^.^ls£^f .f^I" = -0:^ = 2=. ?, " o'§£?, SgSo ■1 i II fl -="0 55.: p o fl O g o • o -S ~ 3o '= - : S5. iS^2 o 1 1 8 ^ w m m « S s s M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^^ g; ^^ ^ ^^ . ^ ^ 2 ^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 363 . ^ o3 3 a> —• . -_. c!i oj aj .." a > -; oj , ;SS So «0:i ^!^lt3^a: 7g..-/,~'^ /.-^^^ >,o.-^--c*^3 -tAoSa^® ft» a.' ^ 3? 3 O " SceSs! f S^-Sl I ^2S i^ I'll = ^^ : U i e^= ^^1^=1 ./-"..so; >.o$.::'d3 5" c C 'Oj »osiiS=;r::'?rt^£?^: C5 rt.= 3 ..-5 = oti .,•? o 0) ^^^ " c-d =?S I P a = r>^o. >>¥.^ii s § ^ S il '" 1 c ^ S 1 ;- 1 a *3 fc 1 ; ^ c 1 o C 1 1 1 ■ eq 1 u u n pq fi 1 dl j 1 1 3 3 w b J ,i<) ■3 eS c3 fe fe I ^ ^ in '" iC j N 13 8S 1 &h' i X 01 364 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 365 M , 2 =«' osa ' t>»a; ^=»^Q :|i?d^ |.j^l£^°3lil §•.20 2.2;'.S.§^>i.^x. ■iZ5^;i^Cxi.^ri.^r-r,5^ *%SS';-i^'g.> Qi'<: — . t: o 0) -> a I ■c- - s o-,.- = ;£'-^= 2 >» 5? ^, S - ^ ' I = ^"1^ s -5 I'll "^ £ s 9 1 .s i-ll I -5 s -S ^Tt-S 5 a ;r^-^.s ^ 1 1 or?:: § ^ s »^ g S Farmer — Butcher— Brick- mason. Laborer— Clerk J ^ - 00 i ^ pq pa pq Br. -_ D. Br. Blue.. Blue- Blue- Blue- Blue- Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- 1 ^ ^ 00 ^ la la >o U5 10 2 S S ss s : 1 1 1 M J c I 1 =11 366 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. i £f 1 1 1 '=- '-' Z 5/ i 2;' 1 t: - 1 1 1 1 5 1 Ifi tr— W) 1 = i - xf 1 it 5d III c.t;o HP ■5 c 1 1 •1 P ~ 7 1 fr X y, f. - b<2 ■^ . o =^ = 2?l - - - ill w 5c c ■3~ Z - ~ ? .- -r 0^ i 5 .5 7. i '5£ £ ^1^ c 1 Z o 1 2 ■5 £3 -7 1 -1 ': Wm i ■o ■d •d c c a £ cS S3 _^ -il « S S 0-" fe s- h o O O 1 1 Oh Ph 2 ^ ~^ 1 1 » g >» >> >> _^ fe c3 cS tB :§ S s § •2 S n L. o e 5 § o 1 i^ t,* , 1 03 M g :| « n d d i s i w g 1 u J ~T~ u 6 8 "5 cS c3 "S "^ 4 fc. fa :^ fe ^ a ^ 'i~ ^ 1 SD I- e lO o "= lO i g s §3 i5 1 J..f 1 S 1 >. 1* 3.2 d ^ J cs - 5 £ ■ s 5 :S - eS 1 ■^ > 1 •-5 5 S ='^- bo s g c S JS ac 03 OREGON VOLUNTKKKS IN SPANISH WAR. 367 "as S rr "^ «... 00^ "^ i-^-rS; "^ — C o _- s2 J« ^ J « '-^ ■§ ° -a 5 ^--S -^ £ i yiS :? =" .2 § 3 pa pq a d 3 w M 3 3 5 1 1 1 ^ „ ^ g "= ■0 ^ 368 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. i. > r 2 5 i L ■- S: ■z _- ■L ■r ■/ 1^ U = -■ g' ■:r -. ^■^ = if £, ■^ ^ ^ s. ~'. "5 ~ i: 5 -^ ■ -. ti - Z'z = ~ w . 5 >~S'~ 3 'S,~ g >: s < 7" - £ 5 = 2 ■^ 1^ £d £c ■-*' = > E^ S ■7 •i "Sf J -Sol •r = 1 1 S i > ~ f 1 j 7 i x it 3 < 1 ■g V 2=f y ^' ■^ >. ":.' " ^ ri "2 > - ^Ch o 5 ■^ f = r r -J ri -' 'C "_, ~ ;/■ - " -J Z ■;' . -_■ ~ = - -^ ^ ^ < .5 ^ ;3 X - =.i ^^M bt — _ :f- ;. o~- 1 5 C "3 5 "5 O P X r i '- t 7 ^-i^.z'^- ^-r-i ■- 1 f xZ~ ! 7. •= j 1^, C ? ^ ^ £ £ ^ a 3 ■?- ^ •^, 3 1 k - ^ll^j i;^X 1 j T. - ^ y ■I 1 1 ^;||_^-| "i S J. f. z if Il - ^ £ 4 ^ 'z E --•■=11. _£ ^• i -.T? ^ Z - > T c >■ •= ■? p s -_ * XX- g III 7 5 \ i ~ •^- |S||| ~.I^ -. ^ s x=-^ 1 x' ? l!iii — ■^ ~ ■^ n •^ i ■a c ■c 1 •3 ■c ■o . a ^1 c C s c § 1 B cS d 35 d 3 3 s ^ i 1 ■a Dh tl^ Ph Ch t, ~2~~ ^ LO L-i ■ n \r- S — — ' —' ^ >. >> >5 >i £ c3' - '^ S ■^ ^ S S s i a> 1 ,' .J 1 J 1 s 1 c S g "2 1 1 1 a £ 1 X < 1 1 g i ■6 ^ 1 § J J_ 2 Z .^ ! "^~" e J 1 c ■~ K - Q K s m i " i~ oi j ai s 3 S 3 t 8 K m n « K s i 1 e 1 '3 ^ ^ ■3 is! 5 C! ^ fe Q '(L, Q fa ^ 7:r~ ^ g !5 ►^lO 10 05 ] ^v, lO 10 10 » ^ i '5 ~^ s S S! 53 25 i i i s ^ i 1 i 1 >-. ? 1 Cii a i J ^ S JsJ d c -■ __- -' 5 o if \ s ^1 3 i 5-1 _' = c B a X N s ^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 369 ^ ?,Sr^.-^ >>cc 5^5 °S|?! 2oc:rtg-2 oSs^dS^ ^aajS-^-g^ iPliil mMMM O fl C8 S« O C c8 S-S f^3S^50.3,,o a J a o o o r^ ".« s .• *=! =""(1; 1^.- ^ j; - '"^ 'a5'a5>>-o*a5>>J:;as . ^*^-Sc«^a 0^ c - 5 o^^-?ii o^T3'2 o-sS 2--2 3 «-iS.22^ a 32 q t^aii S= >.a5 S^.2 g^ ^ g" §5.2 =5 ^ g^ §5 !".°.2i!":2i2'|p|l|S|^p C'^^p o3 !='■.'? oS ^ c-'5 =* ^-S ".2 c?"3i^ ^s, o-^ i=:g?lS^J'^liS^g^o:|°^5^i "3 =.2 1 g ft-a o 535'<^3, 1 1 1 i i >i ^" o M O % S M u Ih' u c i^ ^ ; M m M pq PQ P3 PQ j 1 1 01 oi j 1 3 3 3 03 « oq CQ n CQ P5 ^ \ J J J il J E^ fo fc fe 6h t, fc( ^ ^ :^ ^ ^ ^ a> 2 U5 lO ■c lO U5 "= U5 s; 53 2 S; £; S g 24 370 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. i In as private; missing In action , 28, '99. Surrounding clrcum- itb almost certain. Dropped Pay dne as private Apr. 2G-29, eil'ects and final statements 1 s 1 a X .a lliiiiiilil /^ c5 ■J'-Ct : ^ X ic ^ 1 ." .7; ^'1 = '^ 1 '^ "^ i T-' ^ -^ ^ 1 1'S t is ^'1 tli ^ '^ 1 § ■^ ^( 1 i^ >.1H •O ■d I . c c ■^ B .2 s g u h o a s Ph Ph 1 lO ~ ~~ ~^ ~ 10 I ~ » 1 >» >> 1 s (S c3 !^ § s 1 1 : .a> t . o 2 t .Q M C J ^ ~ 1 ■d s ^ i ^• gj s -s o s; i 1 S .. • ft; M PP 1 j 1 C 3 d n M .2 . ■1 i i ^ j^ ■ S 5 8 "S "5 S U fe fe g .^P? ^ ■2" l5 ^o 10 i ?3 ?§ ! i d S a ti. i n : ^ .s » 35 •■i p4 >> ^3 8 g- a § S OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 371 5 § 1 5 i S » tj J5 2 '^' ^ 'a '^ ~ d ^a' tj >? 5 3 ^ a ^ ■- ^^ 0) „ 5S gel o ^O^ 3 o * o << o -S 02 S M ■§ T3 ."3 2 a " 3 -2 ^ ■C aj rf -^ ^ >» ■« r •« +^ 03 aJ r ■S* X -^ ^ S ■? O CI . 5 >? >-- i? ^- i? ^ i? ^ '-5 1-5 >-i s 3 3 S S D -5 m -3 H^ 1-5 Hj o 1 c It •50 i 1 1 m P 1 d 1 ig i j i >i § r 1 a 1 ^- i %¥, s S p ^ lis a5| i§ aq Q pq P5 W cq ' pq ►^1 Q iJ P5 pq Q i 333333 .- m m « pq pq cq m ca pq ^1 «8 S s 1 J J 1 I 1 1 1 : 1 |l " &H fe fe S fa fe fe. fa fe ^ 1 :^ :5? :5t :^ :^ :j? § OS ^•^ IC CO .0 in in a= . 10 10 1 ^ §s a ?3 g? s s ?3 a ^•i il !i ii ii ll li li g P si ."^ -S if £l 11 If II II P a '1^1 & S 1 « II ii ? 1 : «: si 1 1 t 1 o s 1 » t '^ a a .s a. s <1 1 D5 J w ;« t. <1 S ce «; ORE(JON A'OLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 378 t BSi esi BSi SBi sst^i ssi BBi Sff^g^sj^ BSi ssi O S-JlO PCCO 3C0O S!»0 COJcS-^O 5»0 3CCO 3 CO Tl iS ^ S X' O 3030 3i/}0 "£ -OS's. "S^P, 'd'^p, -c-Oft -s-^J^^p, -c-op. TJ^P- 'O.^j;®©--^ a -cj^ a -c^ a m •«2x 'HgaJ "oSaa "cS* ^s-SmoQ '^Sco -ccaj 'O a s- >»•< -o c co '«.gx "2 Sec " " ^nja 23-3 53 o ^vd 53-=' 53.^3 53 3 3o'-23.ci :^'aa ^'a^i ; ■" hn O "^ hn o *^ '"3 hn o "^ hn o hn O "^ Z,^ So M o.hn CTiS? '- a) o" (SB O' ' OJ O^ S5 H^ O S ^^ " © §^ i^ i^ 2 « i^ 215 s^ S'S Js^ S^ gi:.S^ S^ ^^ S^ s^ S^ =^"2 S? ^^ Is ^^ fl'S ?^^ 5d|!:.Sd|^£d|^5d|^5d|;|g3d|5.SQ|^«d|^£i3|.:5d|^=d|^« ^d||'Sd|||d|||d|||d|||J.5d|||0|||d^ 1^ a^S^ a^^l ft|'?| ^^? 2 ^SS| 5i3 ft^^l a^^l ftSS. s '"■g.SS 2 ft|3 « =^1^1 P. a?lis?'ais^'fliaPaisp3iao U3 U, ;o 10 & £5 S3 g? S =5 85 ?3 a S s a. I ■J2 ^ 374 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. -. 'oSi oil' C-2 osi^'i ^32 502-0 .0 S'JiO SCCO =^.t. - ^.s5~^ .a*^*^ .a-^-s j*^K '^a^.o ^^^^B" -^-^ --- « c3 "S '3 :5 "3 •s s •s C| ^ fc fe fe &< fa s 4? CD :i^ ^ 05 2 CD ^ >' ?■» ^ in ■0 in uc lO "SI OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. a 6 m c^'g ^'2 = i"S'S oiri?i2 .'osg 0.^'° 'oM oiil^ oH° 3^55 S ':«'^ >'5'^2oL'' |5Sd^-|5o ^^|^g*^^.^d iiias s^^. s.^r STjJi^ dr/30 £3 cr be. • '-' M M hH '-' l~,9f M M a- s Ph S »2 pq d3 E^ 3 i d d i ^ 3 ^ 3 cq ^ m Q d 2 3 s « S S s W i 3 S (^ 0) 3 ffl « 0) 3 s i •3 •s 1 g 1 1 1 i ^ ^ ^ ^^ 5D ^ P<^ ^^ 1 ii\ CO 10 10 10 10 "= UD « >n 8 S 376 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 2 c*^ S^^ = ° S^;d c5 v:. O g§ •"§~^.Si fcO- S £c? P. !»!!- O ^ : -'»c5-3--~:-:- 1^ ■3 cS*J O J p 5 o o ^ s m s s m s s s s ii ii J .1 J u ^ J J 1 ^1 ^ c3 ^ &:. Ph ^ fc. El, fa fa fa . a^ ^ ^" ■^ >" C5 CD 00 1^ ^•^ 10 10 >a IC lO 1 S3 a ~3 53 55 ?3 tN g § s .M fa 376 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. um of State; nt per 3 duty 98; on ,G.O., cM c SM '^B ob'o a| 'S^-^.ooo- oso^'fe" m ^ as^sii-: gisa^B" Sm 335 "Od 1 nt for clothing is included the s lue of articles issued him by the ,t post quartermaster's departmei uly 21-27, '98; from special duty t( er S. 0. No. 137, dated July 26, ' 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. 0. No. 130, A, ^nt for clothing is included the s lue of articles issued him by the lept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. N nt for clothing is included the s lue of articles issued him by the 3rs Aug. 22-26, '98, inc.; in line of ept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. 0. N^ int for clothing is included the s lue of articles issued him by the rs July 14-17, '98; in line of duty, nt for clothing is included the s lue of articles issued him by the lept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. 0. N c •" clothing is included the s articles issued him by the . 25 to Oct. 15, '98; in line of clothing is included the s articles issued him by the to Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. N clothing is included the si articles issued him by the clothing is included the s articles issued him by the y 15-22, '98, inc.; in line of to Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. N. ent for alue of tal Aug ent for alue of Sept 9 nt for lue of nt for lue of rs Jul ept. 9 -H hH "-l —1 M M i-i I "O 'a '2 "S "2 "S "S ^""1 i cS S 5 * .§ S 5 5 rt OS £ •a S3 S S ^ S- b l^ t^ ;-< u ^ o o o o o c i p,^ Oi Ph Pii Ph Ph ^ Ph fa fa g J J ^ J J J J J J J >^ >> >^ Sj >. >v >> >> >s >> S 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ^ <-} ^ 1-5 l-j 1-? ^ ^ •s i-j •^ E .' : ^ § iSJ 1 C "'0 V. ■' £ M 5 j; £ .1 r- a 9^ 1 a 1 i| c Prin Groc Stud Elec- tri 5 " 1 II 5 -s 1 1 i 1 i ii 1 'O a i 1 .2 i § 5 S-. ', fi C ii l^ 1 ^ 1 ^ v « Blk. D. B D. B D. B i pq '. '^ : w ^ Q d « M Q »• 1 Id) 0) 1 0) 1 J oi .•3 3 .• 3 3 .i .1. t « m S 3 « 5 3 M 3 3 si %^ •J J J J J •« J ^ ^ s S 8 a a cs cs c3 5 'S « '3 Q fa fa fa fa fa fa Q fa fa fa »; d^ >" ^ ^^~ :5?; 1 SiO t- 00 05 to 00 CD CO £"= •" "= "" "^ "= lO iO LO 10 "O S3 S =5 c5 55 5j ^ s ^ s (f 1 w 1 ' > ' > ci a o s < 1 ■J} 6 i 1 a fa 2 3 5 J3 C 1-5 15^ ' 3 ^. 3 ^ § S 2 V 2" ^' 'i b 5 M M 3 S 3 a 1 ^ Q Q ■I' i \'jfe«5 ^ ^"^l^^jhiiy* ^^iT '9Kp9^*, ^ WmSf^i ■ ^^'^®w^ ■ t^^^^w ' ^^^ ■ . , . I cinKj^tj [^p "t^i Kii^' 4i #^«^; .iL \i 'm^^^^- *^m--ih -.1 -^ «*;l ;^-<1 ■M 1* PT» i 1 JSs^^W:^ i ^^1^ i|i^Ppp| ^^^ i> H OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 377 as^. Sis': lis SuC O G~ O S,o. 5-30 5oO ©•■go o'fo ■-<« = Pldpldpld aSo' lid lid lid s^d §S;2d seed sOQ-s =£» d seed B&^ «c-eS III t,<„t=. t,!„C2 t,t„c: III Uli III llt^lll III '-■SC< Q°^ S°^- <2°*: 5§| -Sg- -sg- g-S^ .§«« .SsOJ g>^r = > -2 S >.= " iz>-^ = >-z^^z>-^ = >r i = > -2 = >j=z 'c>tt - i £ 1'- e ii -5 |- r £ 1 -J i; = ~5 £ 'i~.- ^ i' -r£~ i,|o;^yo^|-=yo5:-|o;~2|oc^|o^c - i - £ < ='^'B< CmO O"^ c'St o< g'^V.O C^C< Cm 0-^ a^ o 1-1 hi M l-H — ( '-I " t! w "d -a -c! -d -3 -a -a ■73 i 1 fl fi = c c s s = c C fe g 1 1 1 £ £ £ II 1 1 1 1 O O O O O O 1 S S Ph CU Ph Oh 1 >.>>>. >. >. >. -. >. >' ■=3 3 = S = .^' 1-5 •-; "^ "= 1 • t i 1 i i i iH 1 O Si Ph P^ O fa O hq o o ; ' 1 cs i cs 1 i 1 o aj ^ ^ a '6 s. 6 a o . «■ i S M « ffl a « w K i .1 ^ h:j cq ^ Q p Q ;j d 3 1 i J i m « pq j 1 ^^11 s sJ sJ ^ 1 g 1 •J •« J J J -J 1 ^-\^ -^ g g ^ ^ ->^ -^^ .-' lO ^o o in U3 lO ira "2 lO m in 1 1 2 § S Si? ^ S 2 S s -si i r- ^' ' ' = ^ t ^ ^ = =55-: ■^ - I tt = E 1 ; 1 K = -< g = =''-'' :e c * =^ X L^ S -5 li: p = c 1 1 fill a; "5 ^ J ^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANTSH WAR. 379 oo . ^20 OaJ< CSg PCCO .2Sp 1 .2« "1 CJ S v3M s! Is lis III ||5S ||S ||!v' *^ q; a -^ oj a « (jj'-i^ -»^ a; a *^ 0) SS_ r-iC- .f-wjj — -2 Mx .3 -3 SBX' .2 '-5 d -^ ,2 — hcao ^ --3 '^5^'^*^^^^^"*^-^^ "^ ^ 3 ^ "^ !» |o0^r|oO_r|oc-jg IS-gc'^l 5 5'2 e" ^ o = ^ o o -s f,^^ _g o a ^- _g o a 0) 0:1 PtS -ST g 3 ^_0 • ^ o 2 5Jt2 -3 TS ■a -c -a -c ■a -a -d -d 'd c3 cS cS a C3 cS cS cS d &H Oh ^ fc (S >> >> >> >> >i >i >5 >i >, >> h, 3 s <-> H: 1-5 1-5 ^ ^ >^ i-J 1-3 1-3 ^ 3S 1 i w 3 d s =■ 1 i 6 d Q 1 2 M «■ n 3 2 S 3 s M w 1 M m 1 i 1 1 1 •J. I 1 1 1 ^ :^ 'X ■* 1^ X ^^ ^ 05 ^ 00 ur " IC 10 u. irt lO 10 IC S eg 2 g s ?§ 15 03 ?? S S5 380 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR,. 1 1 In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of 816.40, total value of articles issued him by the State; on post duty at post commissary department per S. O. No. 132, July 21-28, '98, per S. O. No. 137. dated July 26, '98; on furlough Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. No. 130, A. G. 0., 1898. In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of 816.40, total value of articles Issued him by the State; sick in quarters July 20-26, '98; in line of duty; on fur- lough Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. No. 130, A. G. 0., 1 898. In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of 822. 10, total value of articles issued him by the State; on furlough Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. No. 130, A. G. O., 1898. In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of »22.40, total value of articles issued him by the State; on furlough Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. 0. No. 130, A. G. 0., 1898. In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of 822.40, total value of articles issued him by the State; on furlou^'li Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. 0. No. 130, A. G. <»., isiis. In the sciilcment for clothing is included the sum of 816.40, total value of articles issued him by the State; on fuil.iu-li Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. No. 130, A. G. »>.. IMiS. In the sculcinent for clothing is included the sum of 822.40, tnial value of articles issued him by the State; on furliiuuli Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. 0. No. 130, In the sctiicinent for clothing is included the sum of 816.40, i.iial value of articles issued him by the State; sick ill . Iiiarlers July 18-20, '98; in line of duty. In the sciilcment for clothing is included the sum of 816.40, ti'ial value of articles issued him by the State; on fuiliiiiL^h Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. No. 130, A. G. (»., IM)S. In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of 816.40, total value of articles issued him by the State; 1 1 1 -1 1 1 1 Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland - Portland. Portland- Portland. Portland. 1 July 1- July 1- July 1- July 1- July 1- July 1- July 1- Julyl- July 1- July 1- 1 1 1 Clerk Furrier — Laborer- Laborer— Clerk Collar maker. Box maker. Candy maker. Teamster Painter - ll N. Y.. Ger- many. Eng- land. Or. — Cal. - Wash. Ohio- Minn. lowa. lowa - t ^ D. Br. D. Br. D. Br. D. Br. D. Br. D. Br. Lt.Br. D. Br. D. Br. Lt.Br. i j J i \ } ^ i i i i m m MpqpqwSSSS ^1 1 IlilllgIS 1 ^?5 g . ^ ^^ ^ . . ^ g g"lO lO lOiOiOiOiOlOUIlO S 22 ^=3???5SSgS 1 Porter, Edward F.— Prasil, Adolph C Pollard, Frank Powers, William N.. Randall, Frank I Russell, William K.. Smith. Rert J Stranahan, Robert 0. Spurlock, Harry R... Snow, Frank A OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 381 S o^Q 050 o2§ o2g c2;5'§g 0^-0 ". s^,K a-", s-2" Si^". s J >>>>": S5 O SMO S32o sa2d S320 '~ ' !5 M«j m^;?; a^iz ''cdIz; ^ M « J m Q)^ a olz 0)?; 2-, > 5to 5to 3tQ 5to 5t«2^ =!>,o - ^-si^, n-=S ^~?r; =~ai 5-=;Ma ~ a -El ■SO aa ^-^O--^: •3'^a 3CC O 03s o|:o- o^'^o- sec o c"^. -a.«> .:;d>o6- .-^»- 5 532^?= «rs5 xS^ 2^^ --^ .sife •°=" bB"Q3 hn--=» T^-a v--<» "«P,0^- O 5.2g 5.SO 5«0 2.=iO -a.2^g^o :^,«Jo o oxr^ ©to oto -Sl^o o^?? .0= 5t:o *" oc3j5 Oc3-^ "Srt*^ "o3*^ o'i'"^^ "c3*^ °! 50=^ a-s^! 5'o=! |o=! |o§;,-g^ --s- a ^%t ^SJa !^2a ^2a « 2 ^t^^ ^ga <^ CJio OziaJ r-Si; =2n ^ ^ 8§ f5 S ?; s ?3 S 2 M 0: td I i i 5 d 5 5 & =" h < 382 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of S22.40, total value of articles issued him by the State; on furlouKh Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. 0. No. 130, In the sett lenient for clothing is included the sum of $.'2.10, lolal value of articles issued him by the State; sick in i|uartors Aug. 5-6, '98, in line of duty. Ill (lie settlement for clothing is included the sum of SKI. 10, lolal value of articles issued him by the State; on furlough Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. 0. No. 130, A ( t ( ) ISilS. In settlei'nent forclothing is included the sum of 116.40, total v.alue otarlicles issued him by the St.ale; on fur- l.iuiili Sepl.lito<)c|.!»,'i)S,per(;.(». No. i:;o, A.(;.0.,'98. In setllenieni tor clolbing is i ncluded the sum of M6.40, total value of articles issued liim by theSlate; on fur- loil<'hSepl llto(»c(.9, '9S, perG.O. No. UK), A. CO., '98. In theseMlemenl forclolhing is included Mie sum of $1(1.10, tolal value of articles issued him by the State; on furlough Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. No. i.-iO, In the" seVt lenient forclothinir is included the sum of 110 40 total value of articles issued him by the State; mustered in as arliii. ■(■!■; sick in quarters July 11-20, '98, inc.; in hospiial .1 nlv i:i (o .\ug. 27, '98; nol in line of duty. I.isc-liai-vd All-. -JV, -lis on surgeon's ceriili- cate of disability al N'anc 'U ver I'.arracks, Wasb., per indorsement beaibiuarteis deparlnient of Columbia, Aug.2:i, '!is; discliart,'eaml linal statements furnislied; service, "lionest and fai 1 liliil;" .•har.irter, "good." In the si'ltlemeut I'orclolbimr is included the sum of 816.40, total value ,.f articles issued him by the Stab- sick in ,|uarlers .luly IS, -'.IS; si.'k in hospital July l.s to Aug. 27, "'.IS; not in line of duly. Discharged Aug. 27, '9,S,on surgeoirs criiru'ab' of disability at Van- couver Karracks, Wasb., |ier indorsement hea(b|uar- ters department of ("olumbia, Aug. 2.'), '98; discharge and final statements furnished; service, "honest and faithful;" character, "good." s 1 1 1 Portland - Portland. Portland - Portland. Portland. Portland - Portland- Portland- When. July 1- July 1 - July 1 . July 1 . July I.- July I.- July 1 . July 1- Occupatio7i. Student- Printer — Ijaboi-er— Sawyer — Butcher- Uphol- sterer. Elec- trician. Barber — i Pa. ... Kan.- Or. — Pa.— Ger- many. Or. -. Kan.- Or. — 1 Hair. Br. ..- Br. — Lt.Br. D. Br. I). Br. I). Br. D. Br. D.Br. ^InSSnwMCQ M li Falr- Fair- Fair- Dark. Fair- Fair- Falr- Dark. j.^ . ^^ . . ^^ . -^ l^iO U3 lO lO lO >0 "3 "3 -< |2S2^J?E5S ^ 1 1 Wickline, Oliver S.- Wilson, Harry A VVil.son, Theodore M. Young, Norris J Zeller, Frederick Zimmerman, Z., Jr. - Dischar'ifd for cli.sdhi.lili/. Walter, Wert. I) Artificer. r,i1<.« .Tr.lin R " OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 383 ^ aT : rs ? ^, i^ a 5 bn Q S 2 C.5 *i o a -t^ fl fl cS ■^^ ^ -^ J ^ -- ^ o -g e a CD n II S 2 5 f- 1 5 .2S'0 ■3 S ^1s^ S^ ^ s ^'^ S |l] " so s <^ -a - a* - 5 3 i lo Si I ■S " ^ t^ -^ jj hj a 5 -1 p: £1 3 i: 3 2 u S & M a § -M ' o -S £ ^ -S C -• « S ^ S o =s > ■«••=- i" 2 55 2 * d i ^ .2 1 & ^ 2 S 5- M So S -^ S.§ a 5 Q s "3 ■2^:3 a> O o cS ^ "S a .2 (2 S '^ . c3 g X3 ^ w cc ii "S i § i 1 1 a o CR, XI -^ S K ^ - ;2 2 ^ cS 0) ^ 03 2 ^ 5 g CT G 3 t> .S a ^'5 = 1 £ Ph ■d c 13 -a -o s ^ ^ a oT - « s s ^ K 2 5 S he t^ P3 ^ < a > H a o ■* .H a l-H H 5)=s 2^ H Ob ^ «'^ P3 - ^ $B « c >s - ^:i tf- ^^ ^5 1^ tfd §|5§ so M O ci ' r"^^.'^ woo;?; ^R 1r :ba.2 -oai^ -i^-^-S^S ^K^cf = lir llfs; C M t; ^ q C5 cq • « ^ Q i s i s § s s s s D5 S: I i OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 385 g ftC MO; s cS o . yJi "Sg .d "Ss .o c3 §^7^ S 2 o t. 00^ O m fl .S^:;^SS^.-^>^^^^.S6^i a'"' oi'-' .\ i" >^ "^ jir^ pf go bi^^^ ago .--a |c5S2 gdgS ^35 ■|d-ao- odog^^-.o.^^ tdgS^ td-:5 5.Sm5 c3M )Ss"'"s O.S "•- >85-''^ "2 >;:5 S .- a; tt;5-g MO oj ft?^^ MO S aj:j;^ . 3a<\ s ^ J M 35 p a 32 H , >> g- 1 ; 1 (S ■d OS i i O • i "2 u O || .• -• ,• u 1 ^ 1^ CQ M « m J; « P3 Q P Q p m n pa P P P P fc fa fa fa fa fa fa ^ ^ 3^ ^^ >^ o 03 ^ « lO o u: ..-; lO in "= lO "= 5? ?^ S a^ ?5 2 §5 ?3 S ? 38G OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 1 Mustered in as private; appointed corporal Aug. 1, '98, from private per Bat. G. O. No. 3, .same date. No eloihing was issued him by the State. Absent on furlough Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc., per G. 0. No. 130, A. me date. No clothing was issued him by the .si.ih'. Absent on furlough Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc.. i" r (i. O. No. 130, A. G. 0., c. s. Mustered in as private; appointed eoi i^oial Aug. 1, '98, from private per Bat. G. 0. No. ;;. -a me date. No clothing was Lssued him by the Shife. Absent on furlough Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc.. per G. O. No. 130, A. G. O., c. s. Mustered in as private; appointed coolc July 26, '98, from private per Bat. G. O. No. \. -a)rie date. No clothing was issued him by the state Absent on furlough Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc.. per ii. O No. 130, A. ( ;. t )., c. s.; sick Oct. 16-20, '98, inc.; in line of duty. Mustered in as private; appointed artiticer Aug. 1, '98, tVom private per Bat. G. 0. No. 3, same date; sick Aug. cAK '\'-: in line of duty. No clothinu was issued him h\ the State. Absent on furlough Se'.t. 11 to Oct. 10, ".IS. in.'., per G. O. No. 130, A. G. O., e. s. Mushreil in as private; appointed artiticer Aug. 1, '98, from jirivate per Bat. G. O. No. :!, same date. No clotliintr was issued him by the state. Absent on furl.)Ugh Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc., per G. O. No. 130, A. G. 0., c. s. i 1 2 J 1 Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- Portland- 1 July 26- July 26- July 26- Jnly 2(i- July 20- July 2!i- July 26- July 26 1 Printer — Tailor Mason — Farmer — Baker Cook Carpenter Carpenter 1 g o Q a w- o cs o -^s s Hair. D. Br. D. Br. D. Br. Lt.Br. Br. — D. Br. Br. — Blk.- 1 Br. — Br. -. Br. -. Br. — Blue- Br. -. Blue- Blue- q Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- Fair- Dark. Fair- Fair- 1 ^^ g^ SF ^ o "^ . ^ ^ic lO u2 lo lo lo lo in §gs?assss5 ; H. L. Whitehead— Corporal. ('. O. McWilliams Corporal. Daniel A. Rinard— Corporal. John C. .lohns Corporal. Mathias E. Garner— Corporal. Tjouis Weidman Cook. Edw. E.Cherriiigton- Robert Nenliaus OREGON VOLUNTKKRS IN SPANISH WAR. 387 ?':2;o« 'MpOM co-Ofl ^1 <2 '-, 3 So . ^.2 S05.5 cscqo .^.; > . S O S Sot d.S« r,'^ o*^ aoi 3.s_: a a a--' ,, r ^ 3 o -<- » *^ ^ 5f_-:so 2, E MO S a q 5,00 flo a o ^• ■<0 ?-:i^j3 Mc 5 w^o 3 yo lldlld fe Oh Ph fu s i i s >. >> 3 3 3 3 1-5 -3 |^ S3 s 1 1^ w fl ^ 2 J4 3 2irt 23 S=" s£ a M M a « O c3 i| XJ 1 1 1 ^ 1 ' c3 > ^ < ^ ^ ^ ^ § i^ j c t; 1 1 pa « ii W « PQ M ,y pa h-i PQ ►4 m h^l ;5 P m P pa p (U j j (D ai "l-2 «• y ii i# s ^P' ip .°2l^.^^' l5i >^^ ^ S2 go 3+i go ^5 S2 So" 22 "SO dad dSo in dS2 i§3 Ha so in so i3 1° i5 So Is ^S.2S ^.2'» ill ii IB ^& =,•&:» ^^& ^^g- ^^g* -•^g- iH X .xj' ^"^1 if^a» J^X jbKC J ^02 53 SB dS§.2S "rs "5f^ d°^a '•mm d5«Cd ^ja soO-O 6t05 '^'' kIo^Oo^^o is 2^3 ilHi 2.2a r.Sd r . ja MO X3 soo H|d||d o2> >, >» >. >. >;. >> >. >> >: >. >j 1 fc "3 s s 3 3 "2 3 3 3 "3 3 3 ►-5 1-5 H: 1-5 '-5 1-5 *^ '-5 1-5 1 1 c ^ 2 £ o s B a 1 a CO 1 1 s s J3 £l cS u a OJ4 ^ i I2 s s 1 3 ^^ ^ i s £ i i o 1 o l"" a 5 2; i ^ ~ti ] ] c lJ i; 1 u i; ii ■i n CQ 1 1 « ffl CC 1 cq P3 w § 1^ *i c o ij B n « Q Q J M Q Q « S 1 2 2 2 2 2 a] 1 S j uj 1 ^ a fl .• a 3 s B) w 3 s m 3 w S W 3 3 3 3 V7" ~J J i!| ^_^ r J J ^ J ^ tJ t^ S "° » CS ^ c3 c3 e« eS ■3 cS CS ■3 3 1^ a, &- fe P fo ^ fc. &- fa fa Q fa fa IIZ ^ 1^"^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^^ Oi t5 ^,o U3 lO lO ta 10 iO iO 10 in iC 10 -^ ~^ s S S S s? E5 s "i"" ?5 s a^ i 1 d ^' 1 & d Oh' 1 so 1 1 o i < t a a- 1 a .a 2 J3 3 a 01 J 1 a n" a 1 5 "cS c4 o3 g 6 j2 > ^ >i >> >^ >» >i >5 >) >. >^ >;> ^ D 9 3 5 3 S 3 3 3 3 3 ^ ^ 1-5 l-S *-5 ►-5 1-5 ^ 1-3 1-: ^ 1-5 1 ^ ■" 1 ' 1 1 ti C m c3 t> 1 •j J i a s I 1 1 ^ 1 £ s J3 t t. d ^ c oo c5 ^ 3 ^ Oi ■= fc fe S Hi.g fa H P5 w:i « 11 (2 o o o § 1 i c § o OS d w c S^ 1 fc." 1 u 1 fci t; tl ;-' C u •s W CQ _j M ! P9 P3 pq pq pq p:) € U -M ^ Q W Q S Q W i-:i P Q fi ft h^ «• 1 (B OJ 0) d 1 ^ifl IC U3 in "O irti lO as w in in 1! s s a 2 2 2 S 5^ g s S 85 i w i J ^ J' i 1 1 1 1 1 * i i 1 "^ < I 1 a g ^. i i >i o n u 1 >^ fa 1 1 c 1- i d i c < pq ^ S 3 S ■^ cs ■£ 1 1 3 HI K o ;3 x: ci O 1-5 1-5 y^s '3 s 5 3 5 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 391 o .d c .6 ^'22 -§2 ?»2 S5 5a>'§^ CO C C^ 2 O sz -a o So" ? <^ =0 ^^^'° fl o ./ s o j;a c :^o <1d ^o <-oS^6 -,^ bS SS" .s2" .§2 a2ci.S = 3-M ^4^ 3+i S^jIS, s:: s-d: 5p. 5a CO . 02 - 3-9 =r Sf "go £o S2 is c3+i ^. iSj So .s m -« s o 5 < SO g2 .OS OO .;5 .Ct) & g'^rt 2 S n (D.S * 9. S%5-S§5.S^"35 S'cc- >>3C- >,o(^- ^ijc ■^ ^ '^. S ^- '^. S -g"". 3 ^j ^o|^o|lo|^o ..cS+J ..cS-S ■ ^St-K 5 &iB 0=^ ^OQ d Mac o ^OQ d SpC o glee cJ 5*02 6 MCC d^ !>,'^G^ u Mcc d M3Q d ^32 d ^=0 d ^* d MOQ d • hnja - bi hn.a r-S .d r- .S r.S S3 r-S .d r.S X3 r.S .3 rlv.^ ?" -5 .d r.= S3 r.S .d r-- .d r.S J3 r.S jd r.S .d r s ^d s s iiO-^ M02 MOg Mog yO:3 ^O^ MO s so'5 M05 MO|d M05 MO;5 Sf0.d hcog mq •d? .> >, >•. >1 >> >-. >, >. >> >, >> >. >> >i ^j >> ►^ ^ ^ •-5 ►^ ^ ^ Jl_ ^ ^ ^ ►^ S ►^ >^ s 1-3 % 32 H 3 § « 5 b- W '^ g m ^ < § >< ^ -d- 6 |1 1 33 ^ P" a 1 1 11 .■ ,• 1 •• j^ .• i; i.* ij I.' M m M 1 M 1 05 ij « M FQ ^ u u ;.! U t. Q p m P w -1 CP m hj M CQ M J 1-1 1 >n 10 lO 10 10 in U3 IC U5 "= "= 10 lO 10 g 2 2 s S g3 00 ?? S S St ^ a ?5 _^ es 2 *. .S Is C ^ M c" "O 2' 392 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. C tm ,- O m ? a • o ^ og c§ lt,.H.y2u 5§ °i eg 51 - • a 6 ^ 0) =« ? ^- ^ '- M» d M,^ a d a d ad ad a 6 S^^S^ .5.a rc.a rg;? g^ $12; ^^ %% .D . 3^ • j^bporbpo- . -=^- X> . Xi ■ .do .6 *^ 3 .-3 3 .^C ^0 .6 — u 2u -■- ^-s l\ ml. m , (BO.SCDO 6 G ,oeS^- 03^ ..cS*J .>,a .>,oc3^ c3*i d^ cS^i 03^ *-a-g&ft^-=f>.o-.^a /&a^-^a ^'^S- ^'^g* /fett^-Sra^ S^?5f^d=^.=2t«^ J ^-^x -J Tr. JS?x f|od||d|^d I^^o=^|.:,o=^oa<,oa^|.^o.^os^o=^oa^c2^oa^ i "2 "2 "2 "2 ■5 "^ 2 2 2 "2 J ~ -c c c 1 i 5 S S 5 5 5 5 5 e S eS « cS ■^ « ^ t. t, 1. t. ■^ u u S-. I. •- » 0000 00c 1 cu a, d, fc Oh 0, Ph Ph a, Ph PU P^ Ph . 'rd s s § ■d i S ^ ^ ^ ^ ■i i s >> >. >i >i i? >■ >?>.>. >, >> >. i « — ^ s s 3 s 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 l^ "-J "-s 1-5 •-5 ►-: ^T 1-5 ^ '1 1 >. i 1 1 ! : .2 s 5 1 1 i s s i -^ a, ! "C a o % 1. •- J s 2 a £ u 1 1 1 ; 1 1 3 1 S i i 1 ^ 1^ ^ 1 i ii i 1 «^ i S3 : 1 1 (S d ja 5 5s »' ^ >< :25 ^ fci ' ' c ^ 1 1 »^ b' « 1 c c >-■ " c ^' 2 m ! ' pq P3 P5 P5 1 c . - c te Q « S H^ P C3 P5 Q J Q m P P »' 1 O 1 1 IS 1 1 1 (a 1 1 1 oi ai 0) go 10 U3 10 10 a •> a • fe a -(N^t" > a . sex o Wl'-C o MOD tjS^'g^ Ma2 ;j 3 tiO'SMoS boo 3 jg — S b£0 ||d||d||d<:i||6 £ (2 S S £ ^ § S ^ ^ >> >, >j >. >i •-5 *-5 3 3 >^ Sis ^ > ^ § H 6 Id M Q m 5 s s 3 s 3 w 1 1 1 1 I. ^ ^:^ ^ ^■ ^ ^ ^ in ^ in s s 25 S 2S £ IP- a> '? ^ ^ f? REPORTS OF GENEEAL OFFICERS UNDER WHOM THE SECOND OREGON INFANTRY SERVED, WITH APPENDED REPORTS OF OREGON VOLUNTEER OFFICERS. REPORT MAJ.GEN.E.S.OTIS,U.S.V., COMMANDING DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC AND EIGHTH ARMY CORPS, MILITARY GOVERNOR IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Headquarters Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, and Office United States Military Governor in Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., August ol, 1S99. The Adjutant General, United States Army, Washington, D. C. Sir: I have received instructions from the Major General commanding the Army to submit an annual report of the military operations of the troops of this command, also from the War Department to furnish a report of the affairs of this military government. The matters connected with each of these subjects are so closely related as to make the rendition of separate and independent reports very difficult without producing in each much which the other must contain. I have, therefore, concluded to embrace in a single narration with comment, as necessary explanation may appear to me to demand, the conditions which have presented themselves, both military, civil, or political, and the means which have been adopted to meet them. In doing this only the general fea- tures of the more important events can be touched upon, as an attempt to detail causes, effects, and the action which has been applied by the military authorities would involve a very extended recounting of facts and a lenghty discussion of theories. The time which I am directed to cover in these reports may properly be divided into two periods — the flrst extending from June 30, 1898, to February 4, 1899, the date upon which the then rebellious subjects of Spain attacked at Manila, without cause, the forces of the United States, which under the protocol of August 12, 1898, and likewise the articles of capitulation of the following day, were lawfully in possession of the city, bay, and harbor of Manila. The second period extends from February 4, 1899 (when these open and declared hostilities were inaugurated), to the present date. The events of a portion of the flrst period, in so far as the concentration of troops at San Francisco and the transportation of those sent out to the Philippines, to and Including July 15, 1898, are concerned, together with all action of troops preliminary to, and attendent ujwn, the capture of Manila on August 13, 1898, and thereafter to the end of that month, have been ably reported by my predecessor, Major General Merritt. But a brief reference to the preparations made by the Government, as solely affecting the army, in its efforts to meet existing or anticipated conditions in the Philippines resulting from, or likely to arise in, the war with Spain, is pertinent here in order to present intelligently the .serv- ices of troops in these islands. The Philippine problem, so unexpectedly and suddenly thrown upon the Govern- ment for solution by the destruction of the Spanish fleet in the harbor of Manila on May 1, 1898, when the concentration of all its troops and military stores was being hastily 398 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. made on the southern Atlantic coast, received the prompt attention which its impor- tance demanded. At once the enlistment of volunteers in the Pacific Slope and adja- cent States was accelerated and their places of assembling changed to San Francisco. Under War Department instructions to proceed to that point for duty, I arrived there on May 17th, where already Major General Merriam, commanding the Department of California, had placed in camp an infantry regiment and a heavy artillery detachment of California volunteers, an infantry battalion of Oregon troops, and five companies of the Fourteenth U. S. Infantry. Within the next ten days the Nebraska, Colorado, Minnesota, Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, North Dakota, and Montana volunteers arrived, also the two remaining battalions of the Oregon regiment and a volunteer regiment from Pennsylvania. On May 29th the Eighteenth and Twentj^-third U. S. Infantry and a company of the United States Engineers reported, and during the month of June the volunteer organizations of South Dakota, Iowa, Tennessee, the Astor Bat- tery, of New York, four foot batteries of the Third, and two light batteries of the Sixth U. S. Artillery, and six troops of the Fourth Cavalrj' were placed in camp, also two volunteer signal companies and large Hospital Corps detachments. On May 30th General Merritl arrived from New York and relieved me from command of all these so-called expeditionary forces, remaining there until the 29th of the following month, when he departed for the Philippines. The proper equipment of these troops was attended with great difficulty. Suddenly called to meet an expected emergency in a far distant portion of the world, no prepara- tions had been made to receive them. The supply departments, not anticipating any concentration of forces on the Pacific coast, had made no provision for furnishing arms, ammunition, clothing, subsistence, or other war material with which an army about to operate seven thousand miles from its base must necessarily be supplied. Indeed, at the time these troops arrived at San Francisco, such property, usually kept in moderate quantities on the Pacific coast, had been sent to the East for the army destined to invade Cuba and Porto Rico. The volunteer organizations were supposed to report equipped and uniformed, but a large majority of the arms they presented were worthless, and in some instances entire organizations had to be rearmed. Their clothing had evidently been in use for a long time in State service, was worn out, and many of the men 'were dressed as civilians. In spite of all of these embarrassments, the celerity with which these troops were equipped and made ready for the field, and with which great quan- tities of necessary supplies and war materials were placed in San Francisco and loaded on transports, furnishes very satisfactory evidence of the efficiency of the stafl" depart- ments of the Army. Fortunately, San Francisco is a great market, and much that was needed could be obtained there through contract and purchase. The facilities thus ofi'ered were taken advantage of, and assisted very materially in the work of prepara- tion. The shipping on the Pacific coast was found to be very limited, and vessels in anywise suited ( even after they were overhauled and repaired ) to transport troops to the tropics were few, and most of them were at the time absent, engaged in foreign or domestic trade. This want was the principal cause of delay in dispatching troops, but the persistent eflforts of the War Department, assisted by the army supply officers in San Francisco, accomplished the desired results very quickly, considering the embarrass- ments with which it had to contend. The time required for these preparations, how- ever, was most advantageously employed. General officers, as soon as they reported for duty, were placed in charge of brigade organizations and labored assiduously in giving proper instructions to their commands, so that when these troops sailed for the Philip- pines they could be considered moderately efficient for service. Upon reporting at San Francisco, on May 17th, I learned that General Merriam had received orders to ship to Manila Bay the California regiment and a battalion of the Fourteenth U. S. Infantry by a transport that was then being loaded in the harborwith naval stores for Admiral Dewey's squadron. Thereafter being instructed to obtain suffi- cient transportation to forward also the Oregon regiment, two small transports were secured, and on May 25th the three vessels sailed in company, carrying the troops above mentioned, under the command of Brig. Gen. T. M. Anderson, U. S. V., and entered the OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 399 harbor of JNIanila on tlie oOth day of .luiu'. Pursuant, to the instructions of General Merritt, four companies of the Eighteenth and four of the Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, a detachment of engineers, the Colorado, Nebraslsa, Pennsylvania, and Utah Volun- teers, and a detachment of the Hospital Corps — all under the command of Brig. Gen. F. V. Greene, U. S. V.,— sailed for Manila on June 15th. On June 27th, under instruc- tions from the same source, four companies of the Eighteenth and four of the Twenty- third U. S. Infantry, detachments of Engineer and Signal Corps, the Idaho, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Wyoming Volunteers, departed on five transports, and on June 29th General Merritt, in pei-son, accompanied by his staff, sailed on steamer Newport for the same destination, having on board two foot batteries of the Third U. S. Artillery, and the Astor Light Battery. The troops of which these three expeditionary forces wei-e composed numbered 470 officers and 10,437 enlisted men. Subsequently, and between the 15th and 25th days of July, the fourth expedition left San Francisco, transported by five vessels, and made up of two batteries of the Third U. S. Artillery, Ave companies of the Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, six troops of the Fourth U. S. Cavalry, the Montana and Sou til Dakota Volunteers, with Signal and Hospital Corps detachments, numbering in all 172 officers and 4,(jl0 enlisted men. Before this last expedition reached Manila that city had capitulated, and the United States troops were in possession. No additional troops were dispatched from the United States until the latter part of October. Then, and in the following month, were sent the Washington, Kansas, Tennessee, and Iowa regiments of volunteers, the Nevada troop of cavalry, the Wyoming Light Artillery, and two foot batteries of California troops, numbering, collectively, ISO officers and 4,466 enlisted men. There were no further arrivals during the first of the two periods which it is intended that this report shall cover, and subsequent troop additions will not be mentioned until later. With the officers of my staff I accompanied the fourth expedition and arrived in the harbor of Manila on August 21st, where we first learned of the operations of the 10,000 men who had preceded or accompanied Major General Merritt, and which had resulted in the surrender of Manila and its occupation by the United States forces on the 13th of that month. Reporting to General Men-itt, I was placed in command of the Eighth Army Corps by General Orders, No. 10, Headquarters Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, of August 23, 1898, which were issued under War Department General Orders, No. 73, of that year. Upon August 29, 1898, in accordance with General Orders, No. 3, Headquarters Department of the Pacific, of that date, I relieved Major General Merritt of the command of the Department of the Pacific and as Military Gov- ernor of the Philippine Islands. At this time the military situation was as follows : Under the articles of capitulation. United States occupation was confined to the harbor, city, and bay of Manila. Admiral Dewey, with his fieet, held the bay, also the naval establishment at Cavite, which had been captured in May. The insurgent forces, commanded by General Aguinaldo, entered the city with our troops on August 13th, and actively held joint occupation with them over a considerable part of the southern portion of the same, declining to vacate on the -plea, first, that they had served as allies with our troops, during the operations which had preceded the taking of the city, and therefore had the right to participate in the victory; and, secondly, that they wished to maintain all advantageous positions secured in order to resist successfully the troops of Spain, should that government be permitted to resume its former power In'the islands. Brigadier Generals Anderson and MacArthur were exercising immediate command of the troops— the former at Cavite and vicinity, where a small contingent was stationed, and the latter at Manila, where the great majority had been judiciously placed in bai-racks and other available buildings. General MacArthur, also, as provost marshal general, had charge of the police of that city and supervision of about 13,000 prisoners — Spanish and native — who had been surrendered by the Spanish authorities. These had been collected in the walled portion of the city and occupied, for the most part, its churches and convents. Outwardly peace reigned, but the insurgents, disappointed because not permitted to enjoy the spoils of war, in accordance with medieval customs, and to exercise with the United States authorities joint control of municipal affairs, 400 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. were not friendly disposed and endeavored to obtain their asserted rights and privileges through controversy and negotiations and a stubborn holding of the positions taken by their troops.* This manifestation caused General Merritt to cable the authorities at Washington, on August 14th, as follows : Since occuoation of town and suburbs the insurgents on outside are pressing demand for joint occupation of the city. Inform me at once how far I shall proceed in enforcing obedience of insurgents in this matter and others that may arise, etc. To which he received reply — dated August ISth — that there must be no joint occupa- tion of the city, bay, and harbor with the insurgents; that they and all others must recognize the military occupation and authority of the United States and the cessation of hostilities proclaimed by the President. Some correspondence between General Mer- ritt and Aguinaldo preceded and followed this dispatch, and I believe also two or three discussions of the subject between the representatives of Aguinaldo and General JNIer- ritt's subordinate officers, all of which have been reported. Upon leaving the island, General Merritt's chief of staft'turned over to me a communication from General Agui- naldo, and in letter transmitting it said : Enclosed you will find a letter from General Aguinaldo and a blue print of Manila. The letter was brought by his aid two days ago, and was inloniMMl lliat a reply would be sent within four days. The matter should have iimiMciiair ali(ntion,as General Merritt has not been able to take it up, owing to his Imii i.d diiiarture. The letters referred to by Aguinaldo. by General Merritt, will be lound in the press copy-book at the Dfpaitnicnt Headquarters and here. The (Icniand now made by Aguinaldo is to retain his people just outside of the inte- rior l)la(k )ii-ncil mark on the map. The outside pencil marks indicate the position that (icncial Merritt desired to have the insurgents witlulraw to. I inferred from what the aid said tliat what Aguinaldo particularly desires is tliat in ease his ri'.iuests are not granted tliat reasons are to be ijiven whieli he can use to satisfy liis iieople. The trouble with him seems to be that he does not think it prudent to give positive orders for his people to withdraw from the city. The communication turned over read as follows : Revolutionary Government of the Philippines, Presidencia Bakoor, August 27, 1898. Gen. Wesley Merritt, Manila. My Dear Sir: Knowing the contents of your letter of the 24th instant, I can not do less than manifest my surprise at knowing that you had formed the idea that my com- missioners coniproniised themselves, in the conference of the 15th, to retire my troops outside of the line that vou would designate. I understood, and still understand, as well as the commissioners, that the evacuation by my troops of tlie i»jsts that thev occupy to-day on the outskirts of the city, would take place when the proposed couiiitions were accepted by you, among which figured the condition tliat the agreement (treaty) should be in writing to be valid; for which reason, not having vet accepted some of the propositions made at that time, nor those that were substituted in my previous communication, I do not thinlc that up to the present time 1 have contracted said obligation. If I have permitted the use of the waters before the promulgation of the treaty it was more to demonstrate that I am disposed to sacrifice to friendship everything that does not preiudiee too much the rights of the Philippines. I comprehend, as well as your- self, the ineoiivenieneeof a dual occupation of theeity of Manila and its suburbs, given in the conditions stii.idated in the capitulation with the Spaniards; but you ought to understand that witliout the long siege sustained b.\- my forces you might have obtained possession of the ruins of the city; but never the rendition of the Spanish forces, who could have retired to the interior towns. I do not complain of the disowning of our help in the mentioned capitulation, although iustice resents it greatly and I have to bear the well-founded blame of my peo- ple I do 'not insist on tlie retention of all the positions conquered by my forces within theeity limits, at the cosi ,,f much blood, of indescribable fatigues, and much money. I promise to ivtire, then, lo the followin- line: In Malate, the continuation of tliu calzada of Singalon to the bridge that joins said road ; from this bridge in straight line to that of Paco; from this last bridge, following the creek Paco, and leaving outside the suburb Tandue, to the river Pasig ; following this river and entering by the creek that goes to the bridge of Aviles ; from this bridge, fol- lowing the road (calzada) of the same name and that of Santa Mesa, that are the divid- ing lines between Sampaloc and the village of Pandacan, to the jurisdictional limit of the suburbs of Sampaloc, Trozo, and Tondo. But before I retire to this line, I pray you to reclaim from Admiral Dewey the protec- tion of our ships for free navigation, and permit me to insist, if you will, upon the res- titution of the positi(.ns tliat we now are going to leave, if in the treaty of peace to be celebrated helwcen Spain and the I'liited states th.w acknowledge the dominion of Spain in the l'hilii>pines. I expect as well that you order the American forces outside of above line to retire within the city, as already agreed to. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 401 I do not believe that the acceptance of the conditions proposed will prejudice the smallest rio-ht of your people, as It signifies nothing more than the acknowledgment of a part of the rights of a friendly people. , • * , u- *• I ■mi compelled to insist on the said conditions to quiet the complaints of my chiefs and soldiers; who have exposed their lives and abandoned their interests during the ^^Thope that this time you will manifest the spirit of justice that pertains to such a free and admirably constituted Government as that of the United States of America. Yours, very respectfully, ^ ' ^ Emilio Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo's letter was considered the following day, when it became evident that time would be required to prepare an answer, as prior to doing so it was important to gain a knowledge of the contents of past communications on the subject, and to ascer- tain what other steps had been taken to adjust the difficulty, of which I was ignorant. I thereupon telegraphed to General Aguinaldo at Bacoor, Cavite province, his then headquarters, as follows : Manila, Aiujust si, 1S9S. General Aguinaldo, Bacoor. Referring to promise made by General Morritt to reiily to your letter of August 27th within four days, I desire to state that hr was uncxiMct.'dly ordered away and had not opportunity to replv. Being unacquainted witli tlie situation, I must take time to in- form myself before answering, which I will do at tlie earliest opportunity. Otis. To this telegram he replied on the same day as follows : General Otis, Commanding United States Forces, Manila. General • By your telegram of this date I understood that your excellency substi- tutes General Merritt in his absence, for which I beg you will kindly accept my cordial salutation and my most sincere congratulations. ,,_ , . ^, I shall liavc iiiucii jili-asure in continuing with your excellency the friendly relations which ouulii to exist l.otween us. ^ ^. The Ixarer is one of my aids, who will acquaint you of some reserved affairs. Hoping you will give your attention as the welfare of both countries require. Very respectfully, yours, _ Emilio Aguinaldo. Bac'ook, August 31, 1S9S. A communication, of which the following is a copy, was thereupon prepared and sent to General Aguinaldo, at Malalos, Luzon, to which point he had removed his head- quarters and established his so-called capital, viz : Office United States Military Governor IN the Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., September S, 1898. The Commanding General of the Philippine Forces. Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 27th ultimo, addressed to General Merritt, my predecessor, and by him transferred to me on the eve of his departure from Manila. By telegram of the 31st ultimo I informed you of General Merritt's hurried departure, in obedience to the orders of my Government; that his necessarilv hurried preparations did not permit him to make reply to your communication : that such duty devolved upon me, and that I would perform it at the earliest opportunitv and as soon as I could acquaint myself with the condition of affairs, of which I, having but recently arrived, had slight knowledge. To my telegram you made a most courteous response, and now having fully considered the situation, i have the honor to make reply as follows : And first, in vour note of the 27th ultimo you are pleased to manifest surprise that the late United States military governor should have reached an erroneous conclusion as to the result of a eonference with your commissioners on August loth, as apparently manifested bv his letter to vou of August 24th. I do not know the extent of any con- versation which nia\ have been indulged in at that conference, nor the nature of the impression which mav liave been conveyed. Referring to written memoranda in my possession \\'hich jiurport to contain the substance of propositions discussed, I find that certain concessions were made by the commissioners in expected return for specific privileges to be conferred, and, as there has not been a mutual agreement in these mat- ters between the interested parties, I do not understand that any obligations have arisen by reason of that conference. Second. I note with- pleasure your allusion to your very friendly disposition toward my Government, as manifested by your prompt attendance to our request for a supply of water; also your expression as to the inconvenience of the dual occupation of the city of Manila, and I do not forget that the revolutionary forces under your command have made many sacrifices in the interests of civil liberty and for the welfare of your people, and to this I will be pleased to allude hereafter. Third. In connection with your remark as to the injueticeof the United States in not properly appreciating your assistance in the capture of Manila, I beg a full consider- 26 402 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ation, on your part, of the mandatory conditions which accompany occupation which I am sure you fully appreciate, but to which I will respectfully invite your attention in a subsciucnl iiortion of tlnsrrply. F.nirili. \nn d. si-nnt. o irain lines within the suburbs of the city of Manila, to which yell inniuisr to rcti:-.' your troops, and name as conditions precedent : First, pro- tection u> \ciui- sliipiiiiiu liy 111!" United Stntes Navy, and the free navisration of vour vessels within lln' walci-s in tin ['nind si;in>- occnptitidii ; srr. ,,,>/. rr^ti t iit ion to "your forces of all positions wliirli aiv iiow m.-.h j,i,d l,\ your troops, in tli:(\<'}it that treaty stipulations iM.tw.M.n tlir ! -ni!.-,! Stai.san.l Sjiai n sitnvnd,,.,- to 1 1..' la .|-nani..(l Govern- ment Ihe tcnilory o,.,-iipi( d by 11,,. lorni.T: and, //nn//i/. tliat rnit.d States troops now occupying posilion,. !>. y .1,,; 1',;, I in, - > on nami' shall re [ire within the same. Adiscussion ol y..m- ].r .p>,-.i 1 ion to hold jointly, with tlic Unih ,1 stales Government, the city of Manila, invoj^. cs coii.id.iui ion of some of ihr other eoncessions you desired to be made, and to that I will at om-i' refer. I wish to present the matter, in the first instance, in its legal aspcc t, alt!iouL:h from remarks contained in former correspond- ence, I am of the opinion that you are fully aware how untenable the proposition is. The United States and Spain wire and are belligerent parties to a war, and were so recognized by the civilized world. In the course of events the entire citv of Manila, then in full possession of Spanish forces, was surrendered to the first-name'd belligerent power. The articles of agreement and capitulation gave the United States Government full occupancy of the city and defenses of Manila, and that Government ob!i'>-atrd itself to insure the safety of the lives and property of the inhabitants of the citv to tin ■ ii. si of its ability. By all the laws of war and all international precedents, 'liund siatcs authority over Manila and its defenses is full and supreme, and it can not escape the obligations which it has assumed. By the able representatives who have charge of the Philippine revolutionary forces this conclusion will be admitted to be incontrovertible, and argument on the point is unnecesary. Can they who seek the civil and religious liberty and invite the approval and assistance of the civilized world attord to enter upon a course of action which the law of nations must condemn? But conceding, as you do, the strictly legal right of my Government to hold and administer the alfairs of the city of Manila and its suburbs (I thus conclude from expressions contained in former correspondence and from my appreciation of your intellectual attainments), you base your proposition — a Joint occupation— upon sup- posed equitable grounds, referring to the sacrifices your troops have made and the assistance they have rendered the American forces in the capture of Manila. It is well known they have made personal sacrifices, endured great hai(Nlii|>s. and have rendered aid. But is it forgotten that my Government has swept the Spanish navy from the seas of both hemispheres; sent back to Spain the Spanish arm\ and navv forces, recently embarked for your destruction, and the secure holding of the Philippine possessions; that since May 1st last its navy has held the city of Manila at its mercy, but out of con- sideration of humanity refused to bombard it, preferring to send troops to demand surrender, and thereby preserve the lives and property of the inhabitants? Is it forgot- ten that the destruclioii of flic Spani-h navy and the retention of the Spanish armed men in its European p.,s-lutionaiy forces to aid those of my country in every way possible in return for the gieut assistance they have received. You remark, in substance, that had you not prevented the Spanish forces from retreating from the city the United States would have received naught but its ruined streets and buildings. Pos.sibly ; but had all Spanish subjects, elsewhere and here, been the contented subjects of Spain, war between it and my Government would not have been waged. It was undertaken by the United States for humanity's sake, and not for its aggrandizement, or for any national profit it expected to receive, and it has expended millions of treasure and hundreds of the lives of its citizens in the interests of the Spanish sutT'ering colonists. Apart from all legal and ( qui table considerations, and those having their origin in personally conceived ideas of justice, I wish respectfully to call your attention to the impracticability of mainittiidng a joint occupation of Manila and its suburbs, and in this I know that I sliall liave ihc aiiptoval of your excellent judgment. It would be extremely difficult to prc\( m iViciion h,t ween our respective forces, which might result in unfortunate conseiincnii-, lahor a- we may for continued harmonious relations. Located in close proximity, irresponsible inejnbers of our organizations, by careless or impertinent action, might be the means of inciting grave disturbances; and in this connection I call to your attention the recent shooting aflfair at Cavite, which still requires investigation. There might also arise conflict of authority between our sub- ordinate officers. Even now, within precincts in entire aetua! posse'ssinn of our troops, I find that permits are given to citizens, who are stylid loniiected witli thost> forces have issued the permits to which I allude. Such interference with our administration of civil aflfairs must eventually result in conflict. Again (reverting to a legal aspect of the subject), the afl'airs of the entire city corpo- ration must be administered from a common center. The trust accepted by my Gov- ernment from those who surrendered actual possession confers a discretionary power, which can neither be shared nor delegated. The validity of this conclusion will be readily understood by yourself and associates as a well-established legal proposition, OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 403 and does not require argument. And here permit me to remark upon a view of the subject j'ou have advocated in support of the plea for dual occupation of the city's suburbs. Your forces, you say in substance, should have a share in the booti/ resulting from the conquest of the city, on account of hardships enduicd and assistance rendered. The facts on which you base your conclusion granted, your conclusion, under the rules of war which arc binding on my Government, does not follow, for it has never recog- nized the existence of spoils of war, denominated " booty," as have many European governments. No enemy's property of any kind, public or private, can be seized, claimed by, or awarded to, any of its ofiicers or men, and should they attempt to appro- priate any of it for their individual benefit, they would be verv severely punished through military tribunals, on which have been conferred bv law very sweeping juris- diction. The enemy's money and property (all that is not necessary to be expended in administering local attairs in the enemy's territDrv) niu^i In- pnserved for final arbitra- ment or settlement by and between the supreme autlKiritics cf the nations concerned. My troops can not acquire booty nor any individual bcneiit l)y reason of the capture of an enemy's territory. I make this comment, believing th;it you hold erroneous opin- ions in respect to individual advantages which occuiiation bestows. I request your in-dulscnee while I briettj- consider the concessions you ask us to make as conditions precedent to the retirement of your forces to the lines indicated by your note of the 27th ultimo. The first is : Protection to your shipping and free navigation to your vessels. Neither the extent of protection nor the limit of free navigation vou request is understood. Cer- tainly you could not mean protection on the high seas, or in the ports not in the right- ful possession of the United States. That, as you are fully aware, could only be effected by treaty, or guarantee, following international recognition of the belligerent rights of the Philippine revolutionary government. While the existing armistice continues, the United States are in rightful possession, in so far as the navigable water of the Philip- pine Islands are concerned, only of the bay of Manila and its navigable tributaries. ^V ithm the same all vessels of trade and commerce and the war vessels of recognized national powers sail freely as long as the sovereignty of my Government is not assailed nor the peace of the locality threatened. In this respect, whatever concessions are extended by way of relaxation of trade restrictions, incident to war, to the citizens of these islands will be extended to all alike, and discrimination in this regard is neither intended nor permitted. Admiral Dewey exercises supervision over all naval matters, and they are in no way related to the duties conferred upon me by law. Nor would it avail should I seek his consent for greater latitude of action, for even if disposed to grant special concessions he could not do so, and I doubt if the supreme authority of my Government could now, under the prevailing truce with Spain, invest him with the requisite powers to do so and at the same time preserve its international obligations. The second concession named by you is restitution of positions in the citv of Manila to your forces, in case the treaty of peace remands to Spain the territory surrendered under the late capitulatory articles; and the third and last is a promise to retire our troops within the lines indicated by you, as the lines on which you desire vour troops to remain permanently. These propositions having a kindred nature, may be consid- ered together, and, indeed, have already been impliedlv answered. From previous statements of facts and logical conclusions made and stated in this communication, concerning the nature of the obligations resting on the United States with regard to the territory to which they have the legal right of possession under contracting articles with Spain, it is evident that neither in law nor morals can the concessions be made. I would be powerless to grant them in any aspect of the case, being nothing more than an agent to carry out the instructions of the executive head of my Government and not being vested with discretionary power to determine matters of such moment. In the present instance I am not only yiowerless to accede to vour request, but have been strictly enjoined by my Government, mindful of its international promises and national honor, which it has never broken nor sacrificed, not to accede joint occupation of the city and suburbs of Manila, and am directed specially to preserve the peace and protect persons and property within the territory surrendered under the terms of the Spanish capitulation. These mandates must be obeyed. Thus have I endeavored with all candor and sincerity, holding nothing in reserve, to place before you the situation as understood by me, and I doubt not by the Republic which I represent. I have not been instructed as to what policy the" United States intends to pursue in regard to its legitimate holdings here, and hence I am unable to give you any information on the subject. That it will have a care and labor conscien- tiously for the welfare of your people I sincerely believe. It remains for you, benefi- ciaries of its .sacrifices, to adopt a course of action which will manifest your good inten- tions and show to the world the principles which actuate your proceedings. \ on anil your associates could not regret more than I any conflict between our forces, which would tend to excite tiie citizens of my country, who are always a unit in action whenever its .'sovereignty is attacked or its rights to fulfill its international obligations is called into question. Then they never count cost, and, as vou are fullv aware, its re.sources are abundant. Rather than see the ships of the navv of the United States controlling the navigable waters of these islands and its armv devastating their terri- tory, I would greatly prefer to advise my Government that there is no longer need to send more of its troops to this section of the country, and that those whom it holds waiting on its Pacific slope can be remanded to their homes or employed elsewhere, as it may determine. It only remains for me to respectfully notify you that I am compelled by my instruc- tions to direct that your armed forces evacuate the entire city of Manila, including the suburbs and defenses, and that Ishall be obliged to take action with that end in view within a very short space of time should you decline to coinplv with niv ( io\ ernment's demands; and I hereby serve notice on vou that unless vour lroo|.- ;nv withdrawn beyond the line of the city's defen.ses before Thursday, the loiii inst:i ni, I slu.ll be obliged to resort to forcible action, and that my Government will hold you responsible for any unfortunate consequences which may ensue. 404 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Permit me to believe that my confidence in the sound judgment and patriotism of yourself and associates is not misplaced. You will please pardon me for my apparent unnecessary delay in replying to your communication of the 27th ultimo, but press of the duties connected with the adminis- tration of the affairs of this city is my excuse. In conclusion, I beg to inform you that I have conferred freely with Admiral Dewey upon the contents of this communication and am delegated by him to slate that he fully approves of the same in all respects; that the commands of our Government compel us to act as herein indicated, and that between our respective forces there will be unanimity and complete concert of action. I am, sir, with great respect, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis, Major General U. S. V., United States Military Governor in the Philippines. On September 13th a commission sent by Aguinaldo and consisting of three mem- bers, one of whom was the treasurer and another the attorney general of the insurgent government, called for the purpose of discussing the subject of ray letter of the 8th. They asked me to withdraw it and simply request in writing that the insurgent troops retire to the line designated by General Merritt, which I refused to do, stating that unless they withdrew as directed we would be obliged to resort to force. They then asked that I withdraw the letter and issue a request unaccompanied by any threat to use force, as Aguinaldo was fearful that he would be unable to remove his troops upon demand. To which I replied that the letter of the 8th instant would stand. They then said that as the demands of that letter must remain unchanged, the insurgents would withdraw as directed therein, but that if I would express in writing a simple request to Aguinaldo to withdraw to the lines which I designated — something which he could show to the troops and induce them to think that he was simply acting upon a request from these headquarters— he would probably be able to retire his men Mithout much difficulty ; that, of course, they themselves understood the direction to withdraw, which would be obeyed, and thereupon repeated their desire to obtain a note of request, where- upon I furnished them with the following: Office United States Military Governor IN the Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., September 13, 1898. The Commanding General of the Philippine Forces. Sir: Referring to my communication of September 8th, I have the honor to inform you that I have had a most agreeable conversation with certain gentlemen who are in the interests of your revolutionary government upon the matters therein contained. We have discussed at length the complications now existing, which will exist, and will doubtless increase, while our troops continue to occupy jointly certain districts of the city of Manila. I have urged upon them the necessity of the withdrawal of your troops in order that the friendly relations which have always been maintained by and between them and the forces of the United States Government may be perpetuated. I am sure that the gentlemen fully appreciate my sentiments and will clearly report them to you. May I ask you to patiently listen to their report of our conversation ? It is my desire that our friendly intercourse and mutual amicable relations be con- tinued ; that they be not jeopardized if we can by consistent action avoid it, and such, I am certain, is the desire of yourself and associates. May I ask, therefore, that you withdraw your troops from Manila? Permit me to add in conclusion that I have that confidence in your ability and patri- otism which will lead you to accede to this request. I am, with great respect, your most obedient servant, E. S. Otis, Major General U. S. V., United States Military Governor in the Philippines. In reply to whicli, on the 16th, the following was received : Malolos, Bulacan, September 16, 1898. The Commanding General of the American Forces. My Dear Sir: Referring to 5'our esteemed communication, dated the 13th instant, I have the honor to inform you that I have given appropriate orders that my troops should abandon their most advanced positions within some of the suburbs, and that they should retire to points where contact with yours would be more difficult, in order to avoid all occasion for conflict. I hope that by these presents you will be fully convinced of my constant desire to preserve amicable relations with the American forces, even at the risk of sacrificing a part of the confidence placed in my government by the Philippine people. A consideration of my many occupations will serve to excuse me for not having answered with the promptness desired. Your very respectful servant, Emilio Aguinaldo. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 405 On the evening of the 15th the armed insurgent organizations withdrew from the city and all of its suburbs, as acknowledged by their leaders, excepting from one small outlying district. This certain agents of Aguinaldo asked on the previous day to be permitted to retain for a short time, on the plea that the general officer in command would not obey instructions, and they proposed to remove his men gradually by organizations and thereafter to punish him for his disobedience. The withdrawal was effected adroitly, as the insurgents marched out in excellent spii-its, cheering the Amer- ican troops. During the progress of these negotiations the tactical organization of troops was being effected. General Merritt, on August 23d, had formed the corps into two divi- sions, the first at Cavite, composed of troops recently arrived and expected to arrive later, with certain exceptions; the second, of those stationed in Manila. Early in Sep- tember orders were issued announcing the staff officers of the corps and department ; also announcing to the command the promotions of Brigadier Generals Anderson, Mac- Arthur, and Greene to major genei-als United States Volunteers, and of Colonels Oven- shine and Hale and Lieutenant Colonel Whittier to the grade of brigadier generals of Volunteers; also the composition of divisions, which were organized as follows: The first, comprising all troops in the district of Cavite, Major General Anderson to com- mand, and consisting of one brigade to be commanded by Brig. Gen. H. G. Otis ; the second, under command of Major General MacArthur, consisting of two brigades, to be commanded, respectively, by Brigadier Generals Ovenshine and Hale. Measui-es were taken to promptly meet any difficulties which might arise under the demand to with- draw from the city which had been served upon the insui-gents. Brig. Gen. R. P. Hughes, U. S. v., relieved General MacArthur as provost marshal of Manila, and was placed in command of a separate brigade to constitute the provost guard, consisting of the Twenty-third Infantry, the Second Oregon, and First Montana regiments of volunteers. In General Merritt's orders of August 15th and 16th, wherein he prescribed regula- tions for the government of Manila, he announced as follows : In addition to his duties as brigade commander. Brig. Gen. Arthur McArthur, U. S. v., is hereby appointed military commandant of the walled city of Manila, and provost marshal general of the city of Manila, including all outlying districts within the municipal j urisdiction. * * He will relieve the civil governor of bis functions, and take possession of the offices, clerks, and all the machinery of administration of that office, retaining and employing the prosiiil subordinate officers of civil artniinistration until in his judgment it is desirable to nplacc them by other appointiiunts. * * In paragraphs 3 and 4 of the terms of capitulation, full lists of public property and stores and returns in duplicate of the men by organizations are to be rendered to the United States within ten days, and public property of all kinds is to be turned over to the staff officers of the United States designated to receive them. Under these paragraphs the chief of artillery at these headquarters and the chiefs of the staff departments will take possession of the public property turned over as above, pertaining to their respective departments. The returns of prisoners will be submitted to their military commandant of the city, who will assign the men, for quarters, in such public buildings and barracks as are not required for the use of United States troops. * * The chief paymaster at these headquarters will turn over such portions of the Spanish public funds received by him, by virtue of this order, to the military commandant above designated, as may be necessary for the administration of liis office. All removals and appointments of sub- ordinate officers of civil administration and transfers of funds authorized by the order must receive the approval of tlic ronmiaiidin',' L^Miicral before action is taken. In addition to the commanl of liis |jriuail<\ lliii;. Gen. F. V. Greene, U. S. V., will per- form the duties hitherto pi rt'oimcd liy the int< ndente general de hacienda, and will have charge, subject to instructions of the major general commanding, of all fiscal affairs of the government of Manila. Col. C. A. Whittier, U. S. V., is appointed collector of customs, and the chief paymas- ter. Department of the Pacific, will designate a bonded officer of the Pay Department as custodian of all public funds. Both of these officers will report to Brigadier General Greene for instructions. Under this last paragraph Maj. Charles H. Whipple, paymaster, U. S. A., was directed to receive the Spanish public funds. Maj. R. B. C. Bement. U. S. Volunteer Engineers, had already been appointed the collector of interval revenue, and by request of General Merritt and consent of Admiral Dewey, Capt. Henry Glass, U. S. N., was designated as captain of the port. On August 22d military commissions and provost courts were pro\'ided for and their jurisdiction defined. In the proclamation issued at the time of the surrender of the 406 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. city, it was ordered that the municipal laws "should be considered as continuing in force in so far as compatible with the purposes of military government," and should "be administered through the ordinai-y tribunals substantially as before occupation, but by oliicers appointed by the government of occupation." By department orders, issued on the eve of his departure. General Merritt, under instructions from Washington, relieved General (ireene and personal staflf from duty directing their return to the United States, and appointed Lieut. Col. C. A. Whittier, inspector general of the corps (and shortly afterwards announced as brigadier general of volunteers), inteudente de hacienda, which gave him charge of all fiscal matters in the territory of occupation, and continued him as collector of customs. Such were the chief measures announced and the means adopted to continue in part and establish in part a tempoj-ary government to administer the affairs of the city of Manila. LTnfortunately, the Spanish civil authorities abandoned most of the civil otHces without making transfer of the public records and property. The officers of the Spanish army never made satisfactory returns of their troops, by organization or otherwise, and did not render lists of property to the United States within the period of ten days, as promised in the capitulatory articles, nor have they ever rendered such lists. The civil court justices vacated their positions and gradually sailed for Spain without giving notice of their intention to depart, nor taking the necessary measures to render secure the pi-operty and especially the records of their courts, many of which could never be found, and which, presumably, they took with them. To be sure, they had not been authorized to exercise their functions as j udges by the government of occupation, as pro- vided for in the articles of capitulation, until October 4, 189S, and then only in a limited degree, as the granting of such authority, in the then prevailing condition of public feeling, would have been politically disastrous, or at least most injurious, to United States interests. Indeed, in two or three instances when, without appointment or authority, they attempted to judicially determine questions in litigation and pending at the time of the surrender of the city, indignant protests were submitted by inhabit- ants, both native and foreign, and instructions to suspend action on the ground of unauthorized proceedings were issued from the office of military governor. Finally, upon October 7th, to meet the needs of the citizens for tribunals to pass upon questions of a strictly civil character, the following order was issued : Until otherwise directed from these headquarters, the civil courts, as composed and constituted ))y the laws of Spain, which were held and iidrninistercrt prior to Auijust IS, 1898, within Pliilii)piiie ten-itory now subject to United Stali-s military oi'dipation and control, are permitted to resume at once the e.xercise <>t the civil jurisdiction eoulcrrcd by Spanish laws within the limits of that territoj-y, subject, however, to sucli super- vision by the military government of the United States here instituted as in its judg- ment the interests of that Government may demand. This privilege does not extend to or embrace permission to institute criminal jurisdiction of any nature or character whatsoever. The provisions of orders heretofore issued by the authority of the United States in the Philippine Islands inconsistent with the foregoing instructions and directions are hereby revoked. The difficulties and perplexities which confronted all officers appointed to conduct civil affairs was therefore very great. The prisons were full to overflowing with con- victed criminals and persons charged with crimes. Immediate attempts were made to relieve this congestion, and applications of the friends of those incarcerated, for their release, were constant. In the jail deliveries which followed, although conducted after seai-ch of records obtainable at the time, a few of the most notorious criminals escaped. Subsequently greater care was exercised and each individual case was made the subject of investigation, and even then, when pardon accompanied by release was granted, it was frequently followed by application for the return of embargoed estat-es, which pre- sented very perplexing questions for determination, involving a study of many Spanish war-measure decrees. The city government which was in operation at the time of surrender and the rev- enue measures practiced for its support were the results of national, colonial, and local decrees, orders, and approved recommendations, more or less complicated, with amend- atory features, uncodified, and running over a period of many years, presenting a OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 407 system so complex that after the study of months it is not yet fully understood and certainly not appreciated. The monthly expenditures for the city have been double the amount of its receipts, but as all collections of whatever nature made in the islands are deposited with the general fund in the treasury and money is drawn therefrom on war- rants as demands arise, no difficulty has been experienced. The chiefs of the supply departments and sta IT corps of the Army, who .had been directed to receive and receipt for the Spanish military stores when the prescribed lists should be presented, were obliged to rely solely upon their own efforts to discover this property, as no assistance was tendered by the officers of Spain. They were, it is believed, fairlj' successful in their persistent searches, took up and accounted for the property found, considerable of which, such as clothing, subsistence, and medicines, were expended in the care of Spanish prisoners of war. The inventories which they made were very advantageous in the final settlement of United States and Spanish claims in regard to tliis class of property. General Merritt's orders and those which closely followed were based on the articles of capitulation by which it was transferred to the United States, as information concerning the peace protocol of August 12th, which held in abeyance all questions of property right pending the conclusion of a treaty of peace, had not been received. The fifth article of the Paris treaty of Decem- ber 10th returned to Spain all these army stores and property, and the inventories which our officers had talsen constituted the basis of intelligent settlement with the represen- tatives of that government under treaty stipulations, and in many instances enabled those representatives to formulate their demands. For three and one half months Admiral Dewey with his squadron and the insurgents on land had kept Manila tightly bottled. All commerce had been interdicted, internal trade paralyzed, and food supplies were nearly exhausted. Upon the opening of the port merchants were clamoring for the reestablishment of inter-island commerce. They had advanced large amounts of money on their harvested crops of tobacco, hemp, and sugar which awaited, at many points of the various islands, shipment to Manila. No present relief could be furnished by the military authorities. The harbor was filled with Spanish shipping and tliat of other European countries. The United States was not represented by merchantmen of any character. Spain owned and was entitled to possession of all Philippine territory, except temporary occupancy of the bay, harbor, and city of Manila, although the insurgents had forcibly seized upon many cities and ports. The insurrection had spread to, and was active in, all the islands with the exception of the Sulu Archipelago, and there the hereditary antagonism of the Moros was only comparatively dormant. Spain was concentrating her scattered forces in the south at the central Visayan Islands and at Zamboanga, and the Spanish general who was in immediate charge of Spanish military affairs (General Rios) had made his head- quarters at Iloilo. Through negotiations with General Rios, conducted under War De- partment permission, an arrangement was effected whereby vessels carrying either the Spanish or American flag might engage in trade at a number of the inter-island ports, the Spanish laws to be applied to shipment and commercial privileges. But a grave difficulty still presented itself. Vessels flying the Spanish flag could not safely enter any ports which had been seized by the insurgents, nor could inter-island commerce be opened to foreign governments as it was free and undutiable in all respects. The mer- chants formerly employing the flag of Spain resorted to sale and transfer of their ships to American residents, technical doubtless in many instances, but upon furnishing due written proof of a full compliance with United States consular regulations in these par- ticulars, provisional American registration was granted. Many of these vessels were thereupon released and trade became quite active. Still another difficulty was encoun- tered and materially affected the public revenue. The customs tariffs and regulations which has been prescribed for application were faulty in many respects and required amendment before tliey could be intelligently applied. It was, therefore, ordered on September 29th that "the enforcement of these regulations be i)ostponed until the 10th day of November next, and that the tariffs and duties at present imposed be continued to be a]>plied in the jiort of Manila until that date, with this exception, viz, that all 408 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. goods and merchandise secured, or purchased, within the dominions of Spain (the Phil- ippine Islands excepted) since Api-il 2oth, last, the date of formal declaration of war by the United States Government between that country and the Kingdom of Spain, shall be received into this port upon the same conditions as to payment of tariflTs and duties as the goods and merchandise of strictly neutral nations." Upon October 3d Capt. J. F. Evans, of the volunteer subsistence department, who had been sent to the Philippines to assist in revenue matters, was assigned to duty at the customhouse, his services to be temporarily "confined to a careful consideration of trade conditions and an exhaustive study of the United States customs and tariff regulations prescribed for application, with a view of suggesting amendments and modlflcations therein, in order to render them as practicable as possible to existing circumstances." The entire labor of revision was imposed upon him and he performed it in a most satis- factory manner. His revision was adopted and put in force at the announced date (November 10th), has given satisfaction to all parties concerned, and has worked smoothly, only a few minor amendments having been made since it became operative. There were also other complications which arose from Spanish action or a misunder- standing on the part of the United States authorities of Spanish expressed intention as to the particular measures which must be adopted to secure the entrance of American vessels to Spanish ports — such as sailing under Spanish captains and the obtaining, under certain conditions, from General Rios himself, at Iloilo, of a special permit to visit certain trading points. Occasionally a vessel was turned back on her course by Spanish officers or denied entrance to a port after arrival there. Of this the merchants complained and the complaints became the subject of considerable official correspond- ence and controversy. The insurgents, too, whose government had taken firm root at Malolos, were, through the medium of president, cabinet, and congress, reeling olT decrees and constitutional provisions at a rapid rate. Their army was continually suc- cessful against the small Spanish garrisons scattered throughout the islands, and they were beginning to acquire the belief that they were invincible. Revenue was their need and desire, and this they began to derive quite largely from imposing export duties on all products shipped to Manila from any shipping point in their possession, compelling the merchants to pay on their property some ten per cent ad valorem upon removal. These many obstacles so impeded commerce that trade languished and the customs rev- enues were greatly impaired. With the entrance of the United States troops into Manila and the opening up of that port immigration became active. Business men from our own and other countries, studying the situation, were quite numerous. Menibers of the criminal classes, who always follow the wake of a conquering army, came from the American and Asiatic sea- coasts in large numbers. The native population of the city rapidly Increased and was augmented by a considerable Chinese influx, most of which presented cedulas or certifi- cates of personal identity, issued by the late Spanish Government, in order to prove former residence in the islands, as the United States Chinese exclusion law was directed to be applied. Aguinaldo's army of observation, on the outskirts of the city, contained many natives or residents of Manila, who, with all others of his soldiers, were accorded if unarmed, though uniformed, full liberty to enter any portion of the same. All these heterogeneous elements, with the fourteen thousand United States troops quartered here, filled the city to repletion and gave the provost marshal general and his guards ample occupation. The outside country was not yet shut to trade and the port was open to all foreign ships. Hence subsistence was abundant and the minor business indus- tries were well employed. In a former portion of this report I stated the fact that the insurgent authorities had received permission to continue in occupancy of certain suburbs of the city for a short time when they, on September 15th, withdrew their troops from its interior portions. They did not subsequently remove their troops in accordance with agreement, but appeared to be determined to retain Paco and Pandacan, as they believed them to be advantageous military positions, south of the Pasig River. The assertion was made, and became current, that these suburbs were not within the jurisdiction of Manila, and ORPXiON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 409 it became advisable to malse search and survey to gain desired information on that point. These were made by Lieutenant Colonel Potter, chief engineer of the corps. The survey showed that the city had never been correctly mapped, especially as con- cerned the trend of the Pasig River and the lines of outlying districts. The best opinion did not consider the suburbs, still occupied by the insurgent troops, beyond city limits, but no decree could be found which fixed their political status. These troops had given great annoyance. Their officers had extorted contributions from the citizens of Manila, some of whom they had kidnaped and carried away. They had placed guards upon the river bank and in many instances refused to permit our otficers to pass their lines, although a mutual agreement had been made which permitted the individual members of both armies, when unarmed, to pass and repass all military lines without hindrance. A number of reports were submitted of insurgent interference in this respect. General Anderson called at my quarters on October 9th, and complained of the indignity he had received at the hands of the insurgents, in not being permitted to proceed up the river through the insurgent lines, and was thereupon informed that, as soon as a certain map of survey could be completed. General Aguinaldo would be directed to remove his troops from Paco. On the following day he submitted the following official complaint : Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Cavite Arsenal, P. I., October 10, 1S9S. The Ad.tutant General, Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I. Sir : I have the honor to report that yesterday, the 9th instant, while proceeding up the Pasig River, on the steam launch Canacao, with three officers of my staff, the Ameri- can flag flying over the boat, I was stopped by an armed Filipino guard and informed that we could go no farther. Explaining that we were an unarmed party of American officers out upon an excursion, we were informed that, by orders given two days before, no Americans, armed or unarmed, were allowed to pass up the Pasig River without a special permit from President Aguinaldo. I demanded to .see the written order, and it was brought and shown me. It was an official letter signed Pio del Pilar, division general, written in Tagalo and stamped with what appeared to be an official seal. It purported to be issued by the authority of the president of the revolutionary government, and forbade Americans, either armed or unarmed, from passing up the Pasig River. It was signed by Pilar himself. As this is a distinctly hostile act, I beg leave to ask how far we are to submit to this kind of interference. It is respectfully submitted that whether this act of Pilar was authorized or not by the assumed insurgent government, it should, in any event, be resented. Very respectfully, Thomas H. Anderson, Major General, U. 8. V., Commanding Division. As soon as the completed map of survey of the city could be blue printed a communi- cation was prepared and taken by one of my aids to Malolos. An allusion was made therein to General Aguinaldo's letter of September 16th, in which he informed me of his action of the previous day in withdrawing troops in consonance with my former request and which did not at the time require reply. The communication was as follows : Office of the United States Military Gonernor, Manila, P. I., October lA, ISOS. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, Commanding Philippine Revolutionary Forces, Malolos, P. I. General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 16th ultimo, and beg to apologize for the late otficial recognition of the same, presenting as a reason for my delay the necessity of obtaining certain information in order to arrive at conclusions in matters materially afl"ecting the substance of our late correspondence, the securing of which has been attended with great difficulty. I fully appreciate the friendly spirit manifested toward my Government in your expressions of regard, which your action in retiring your troops has confirmed, but I believe there has existed and still exists some misunderstanding as to the limits of ter- ritory which that Government is compelled to occupy and administer under its inter- national obligations with Spain, the responsibility for whicli it can not escape. The articles of capitulation transferred the city of Manila, with suburbs and all defenses, as I had the honor to inform you in my letter of September 8th. It was found impossible to determine definitely, on any existing map, either the limits of the city or the lines of its defenses. The latter had been variously placed, at some points retired and at others thrust out beyond the conceded city limits. I therefore directed my chief engineer, by a careful search of the municipal records and an actual survey, to ascertain 410 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. the lines within which occiipatiou by United States troops was obligatory by reason of the terms of the surrender. He has finally concluded these directed labors, and has pre- sented a map, of which the enclosed blue print is a copy, on which is traced in white the lines determined upon. By reference to this print and a comparison of the same with all former existing maps of the city and suburbs, it will be pr.-ceived that the latter vary materially from it, .■s]„.,-ially as il,,- iivnd of the Pasig River and the l.iration of the bpanish a<'lciis.-s. 'llii. li;.«<,.| riicnnivallatiou on the i.rini hctiin at the Bocaua de Vitas and thence they tollow .Maypa.io ( lock until they reach the line of the Lico road produced, thence proceed along said line and load to Lico, thence to the junction of the two roads in front of the Chinese hospital, thence along the road in front of .said hos- pital to the north corner of the hos]>iial wall, thence to Blockhouse No. 4, thence by Blockhouses Nos. 5. (i. and 7 to 8an Juan del .Monte Cieek at the aqueduct, thence down said creek and u]> the Kin i'asi- t<. the mouth of Concordia Creek, thence by Concordia and Iripa de (iallmas cn'eks lo a point opijosite the place where the road from Cingalon to Pineda (I'asaii turns sliar|>l.\ to the ri-ht, thence by road to Maitubig, and thence to the mouth oi the .Malale i iv,!^. This map is helieved to be correct, as the .surveying and platting were exec n led win, ihe-ivaleM eai-cand with a desi r.M'oi- accuracy, the Unes do not include all ol thetdrilMiy whjeli tile lale SiKinish civil en-in..crof this city has described as living within ils submiis;,nd a lai-er la-oportion of them are drawn within the lines ol the eiiy's tlelenses ; but lliey are inaeti.al. and include all portions of the suburbs which my Government, under its pi ..ini-e> to Spain, could be expected to hold possession of under any demands which .Spain nii;;ht present. In your withdrawal of troops I note that to the iioiih they retired to the line described on the map furnished by my predecessor. General .Met litt, while to the east and south his request was not observed. As far as Paco is concerned, it was understood that the troop.s in that section would be withdrawn within a short period ol time and 1 have now the honor to represent that the retention of that mutually conceded suburb has been a source of great annoyance to the American authorities, and, as I fully believe to yourself, while the revolutionary forces along the Cingalon and connecting roads have been the cause of complaint from the inhabitants of that section. I am therefore compelled by reason of my instructions, which direct me to execute faithfully the articles of the Spanish capitulation, because of the interests of my Govern- ment and, as I sincerely believe, the welfare of your own forces, to ask that you with- draw all your troops beyond the lines marked in the accompanying blue print which are above described, and I must request such withdrawal on or before the 20th instant, else I shall be forced into some action looking to that end. Permit me, in conclusion. General, to bring to your attention facts of which vou are doubtless ignorant, and which all connected with the American authorities, especially that vast majority who have entertained a decided and ))ronounceil friendlv interest in the Philippine people, lia\(> \;.\ved with more or l.v-s indii^nalion. In a nunilier of instances kidnaping ami r,)liher\ lia\-e hicn cominilled leeentlv \vithin Ihe eil\- )iv ijar- ties who claimed to be coniucled witli \-oLir f. n-ces, some of w Ik'hh siaieil that they were acting under your insinietions. This I can not believe; bui the hi-h-lianded offenses committed by these pirsons show how important it is, for the iiii erects ,,t all concerned, to withdraw your I roops as herein requested. In numerous instai.ces ni v oilicer.s have submitted com|ilaints m me i hat they have been arrested and been .■onrpelled to turn back to the city, tlioauh .jonrneyin- as unarmed and peaceful citi/.ep, nieiclv with the intent to seek heali h and n cieaiioM ; and on Sunday last a funeral iiariv from the Brit- ish war ship I'nir^ rjiil, now l\inii within this harbor, was so delayed l,y the insurgent forces at Paco, when iiroceeding to its English cemetery, that it was obliged to return to its vessel and repeat the journey on the following day. I fail to see how such proceed- ings can 11.' J !i I i tied before enlightened public opinion, and it is a matter of profound surjirise tome ihata people .seeking relief from theconirol of a government, by which, in the pronounced Judiiini lit of a large porticm of the civilized world, it has been oppressed for cent nrie-. sh.ald permit its armed authorities to so conduct themselves as to arouse the imii- nation ,,f friendly and assistant nations. The indignities which my Government ha- siiiieied from the revolutionary forces still illegally maintained at Paco (few of them are cited herein) can not be tolerated in future. Resistance to the high-handed iirini)s will retire beyond the line of demarcation indicated in the blue print, as vou desiic. Second. The Filipinos will retain Pandacan under their jurisdiction. Third. Thi- Filipinos consider it of greatest importance to occupy the blockhouses, with their forces of the line, in view ofl.he possible return of the Spanish, promising not to pass with arms. Fourth. General Aguinaldo asks of you an extension of the time indicated for evacua- tion of his troops. I repeat, sir, with the greatest consideration and respect, T. H. Pardo de Tavera. Considerable discussion followed, and Tavera, a man of excellent scientific and pro- fessional attainments, long a resident of Paris, and educated there, and who had advo- cated openly the establishment of American sovereignty in the islands as necessary to the welfare of the inhabitants, ably represented his chief, strongly urging the conces- sions requested in his communication. It developed that my letter of the 14th had aroused fierce opposition ; that Aguinaldo had indignantly disclaimed any knowledge of the promise to gradually withdraw the troops from Paco and Pandacan, and that opinion on the question to withdraw or fight, which the insurgent leaders had discussed, was well-nigh equally divided. All the concessions requested were denied. Then an extension of the date fixed in my letter upon which the insurgent troops must be retired to October 25th was asked for and granted. In the course of our conversation Doctor Tavera and his associates strongly urged permission to retain all the Spanish blockhouses, but were informed that we could not yield in this matter, as some of ihem were within the lines beyond which they must withdraw. They then reverted to the blockhouses northeast of the city which were on those lines, saying that they had no shelter for their troops if they were taken from them, and I remarked casually that I did not consider them of any importance, as we did not intend to occupy them, but that I was unable to concede the point. It seems, however, that I was misunderstood in this matter, and the committee reported to Aguinaldo that these blockhouses would remain in his possession. When, six days later, after I had corrected this mistaken impression. Doctor Tavera called upon me in person and explained the most unfortunate position in which he had been placed by reason of this misunderstanding. I informed him that I would not take immediate action, even if the insurgents did not vacate these houses on the date announced. All this appears in subsequent correspondence. 412 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. On October 20tli it was reported that insurgent troops were moving southward by railway from Malolos and other points and were being concentrated near the north line of the city. On calling the attention of the insurgent authorities to this threat«n- ing demonstration the concentration ceased and many of the troops were removed. On October 23d the following was received : Revolutionary Government of the Philippines, Presidency, Malolos, October 2Z, 1898. Gen. E. S. Otis, Commander in Chief of the American Forces, Manila, P. I. General: In view of your favor of the 14th instant, I consulted the opinions of my generals and advisory council, and I have appointed Dr. Pardo de Tavera in order that he might place before you the wishes of all, as he did on the 18th. Said commissioners, upon giving me an account of your wishes, told me that you had consented to postpone the ultimatum for the withdrawal of our troops until the 2.5th and the retention by our forces of the blockhouses situated on the line shown on the blue map which you sent me with said letter, but had not acceded to the desires of the Philippine people that ray forces continue to occupy Pandacan. Relative to the latter point, I talje the liberty of telling you that your predecessor. General Merritt, understood that the American forces only ought to occupy, according to the terms of the capitulation of Manila, the city and its environs, i.e., Binondo, Tondo, Santa Cruz, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Miguel, Concep- cion, Ermita, Malate, and Paco. or San Fernando de Dilao, and thus he clearly puts it in his letter of August 20th last. The town of Pandacan has always been considered out^ side of the old municipal limits of Manila, which the general himself mentions in said letter, and I hope your high sense of judgment will see it thus. Nevertheless, I understand that your forces are already occupving Uli-Uli, Nactahan, and Santa Mesa districts, which, although belonging to the Jurisdiction of Pandacan, they can continue to do, in order to prevent the continual encounters with mine which cause disagreeable incidents. I take pleasure in manifesting to you that it is not lack of confidence, and much less animosity, that prompts me to write in this manner. To-day, more than ever, the Fili- pinos desire to live in peace and perfect harmony with the Americans, becau.se they will take care that the Philippines do not return under the odious Spanish dominion. When it is possible for a formal convention to pacifv and harmonize the interests of the two peoples, then the suspicions of my people — which I can not completely quiet with my prestige and authority, no matter what good desires move me— will disappear. I beg of you not to consider as an insult to your flag a bad interpretation of my orders, which I will severely punish according to the gravity of the offense. You, with your keen perception, will understand that a people agitated by a revolution return gradually, not suddenly, to their normal life, no matter how educated thev are supposed to be. It becomes necessary for me to act with much tact in order to give no cause for internal dissensions. And this consideration is what obliges me to ask you about the form and conditions with whicli you wish to establish a sanitarium within my lines; because I wish, at all cost, to prevent the possibility of your complaints being renewed concerning acts ema- nating from the continual contact of our forces. I understand that you have considered it necessary to demand the withdrawal of our forces, notwithstanding the friendship which binds us, in order to prevent friction. On this account, although I highly appre- ciate the humane sentiments which prompt you, I do not dare allow it, without previous explanation, for the very reason that I wish to preserve the friendship that constitutes the welfare of both peoples. I hope you will pardon me, as the necessity of consulting various advisers has obliged me to delay my answer. I am. General, with the greatest consideration, your obedient servant, Emilio Aguinaldo. The representatives of Aguinaldo who presented this communication came prepared to argue its merits, and after considerable conversation I sent the oral reply that the subject had been exhaustively discussed and that General Aguinaldo must withdraw his troops from the lines designated on or before the date announced, remarking at the same time that I would make formal replj^ later to certain points which he had pre- sented in his note. The insurgent troops were withdrawn on the afternoon and evening of October 25th. as promised, and on October 27th the following letter was sent to Malolos, and brought out those of November 4th and 16th, which hereinafter appear. These terminated all official correspondence upon the subjects therein discussed : Office United States Military Governor IN THE Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., October 27, 1898. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, Commanding Pevolufionary Forces, Malolos, P. I. General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 22d instant, and have awaited the result of correspondence and conferences upon the subject of which you treat. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 413 Concerning the conference of the 18th instant with your representative, Dr. Pardo de Tavera, it resulted in an honest misunderstanding between us in one slight particular only. The doctor very ably, by letter, isul)nnttod your wishes — one of whioh was the retention of the blorkliouscs (ui the (k'-i^nalrd liiu'. In n'^ard to this matter, I said I was powerless lo iiKike any cuiieevMi.ns, and in the conversation which followed remarked, m snlistanre, ilircumli ilie i nierpi vt.T, that we did not wish to occupy them, as we did not eon si dec I hem oi an\- ini [lorianee. '['lie doctor, I can conceive, very nat- urally misunderstood m> meaning - in lael the interiueter might have done so — and when, on the L'lth instant, tli<- dot-tor aua! n called and forcibly expressed his construc- tion of my language, 1 was so impressed with his earnestness and honesty of purpose and convictions, I remarked that, although the law would not permit a concession I would not raise any objection, unles hereafter compelled to do so by my superior authority, if your forces continued to occupy the blockhouses to the north of the Pasig River. I have referred to General Mcrritt's letter of August 'J)th, which you mention and And that it is as you state. TTnfortunatel y. 1 am bound l.v tlie terms of capitulation, which recite " the city and detenses ot Manila and its snliuil)s." Pandacan is certainly far within the line of defense and, from intoimation obtained from two weighty sources I have been led to believe that it has, of late, l)een considered one of the city's suburbs' although we have been unable to tind any Spanish decree which fixes its 'status with deflniteness. In regard to the establishment of a convalescent camp for the restoration to health of mend)ers of u\y command, it was my intention to consult you and arrive at an undeisiaiuling in ilie matter before attempting anything of the kind. I knew you W(ndd not olier objection-^ it' it could be so placed as not to give your people annoyance, since it could nut be in any wise a menace, but, on the contrary, would place our sick within your power and to a certain extent under your protection. I have that confi- dence in your humane sentiments and in the kindly impulses of your people as to believe that you would surely consent to a measure of this character, and I think the poorer classes of surrounding communities would be pecuniarily benefited by the small trade that it would give rise to, as hospitals make many purchases of edible pi-od«cts which your people would be glad to furnish. Should necessity arise under which I would be forced to take action, it will be my pleasure to confer with you before proceed- ing in the matter, and I am fully convinced that you will gh'e assent and assistance. Permit me. General, to assure you that I fully appreciate llu- (liiliculties under which you labor in your endeavors to carry out the desires and demands of vour jieople as I have already expressed myself in former communications, I am ftdl yVonvinced of your wish to maintain harmonious relations with the United States forces and government of Manila, and that you deplore, with me, any proceeding which may disturb that har- mony and friendly fi'eliiig. I have been fully aware that all unpleasant incidents which have occurred, and to winch I alluded in my former letter, were due entirely to irre- sponsible and unwarranted action of subordinates, and I am constantly called upon to correct misconceptions entertained by my troops and to punish ofl"enses which they have wantonly committed. I am gratified with the success, both as concerns the interests of the Filipino people and the United States troops, which has attended our mutual eflt'orts for the amicable adjustment of aflairs, and -ine( rely liope Hat the manifested good will which now exists by and between lishmcnt of a camp for convalescents. Concerning this paragrapli, 1 oughl f.i observe that from the moment when aconcessinn is made of a part of the tei-ritorv oceuijietl bv our forces and a hospital is built in it, .> ou will have to place there a force in charge to look after the interests there created, unless it depends for security solely and exclusively upon the guaranty oflTered by the laws dictated by our government. \ou, yourself. General, have always impressed me more than once with the fact of the impossibility of a dual occupation of Manila, because the con tin ua 1 con ta(-t of your forces and mine might give place to innumerable disagreeable incidents if not serious and grave conflicts, which may disturb the harmony that exists between us 1 am fully aware of the humanity you invoke in favor of lli<' sick, but on the stren<'tli of this con- sideration it is my sacred duty to look aftei' millions of souls whose security and inter- ests would be compromised if a conflict bHwen us should ensue. The only solution possible IS to completely I'd, .you the use of 111 is, Ilea miuiien I, and lhis,asyouwill under- stand, requires some fixed basis of anan-ement more concivie than can result from a verbal one made in a conference. Besides, it is my duty to submit these conditions to the representatives of the people. Itis not lack of confidence which obliges me to proceed in this manner; it is neces- sity. These bases, if in the mean while a friendly convention between your government and mine is not realized, will constitute the provisional rules that will serve as the form for the solution of the claims that might occur. 414 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. And, above all, these bases will contribute very much to perpetuate the friendship that exists between us, because my people will take great care not to break them. I am, with the greatest consideration, your attentive and obedient servant, Emilio Aguinaldo. Office United States Military Governor IN THE PiiiLirpiNE Islands, Manila, P. I., November 10, 1S9^. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, Commanding Revolvtionary Fo7-cc.s, Malolos, P. I. General : I received with pleasure your note of the 4th instant, and have the honor to reply to the point you i)rcsent in regard to the establishment of a convalescent camp beyond the present line nf actual oocuiiation by the United States troops, as follows : I am not convhic.Ml that such rsta'nlishment will be at all necessary, and, in fact from present indicaticiis it wmilil apinar that we shall be able to care for our sick within the line and ih lenses df IManila. With regard to linlit oi" (ieeii|)ancv nf len-itory, so many iiiternationiil nncstions arise under the articles ..|' e:i])ii iila i ion ■\\ il h Spain, which the fniteil Siau's is in honor bound to strictly ci.nsti-iie and (il)e> in all matters atT'ecliii;: its acli(i:i, that I do not intend to present them lor deterniinulion if it can h(- consisienils avoided, especially not tliose which might demand argument and de peoiilc tliroutihout Kiiro|>e and amonu the \cr.\- large Classof Catholic citi/ens of my own country, and that is Ilie ivteni ion, as ,,iis(,ners of war, of the Spanish Catholic <-lergy and nuns. 1 believe lliat a vasi majoiily of the reports toward individuals N.hich have heen pnl in-ene-al .•iii-uiaiion ai e nn 1 1 n.. Indeed, I have for- bidden cahl:-ram- |.i-e|,ared < m t li i~ -nhjecl , wlii.-h 1 had u.hhI rea-on to -n ppose could not be sub-tautiali'd, to lie sent to other cotml li.'-, a nd 1 liave iiiloiined ilie Cnited Slates authorities that many rumors of this nature in circuialion ihrotmhoiit th<' civil- ized world were greatly exaggerated, still, howe\-er, lite (acts siand out prominently that these individuals have suffered pri\'alions and hardshi ps, tmd ar,' still held in captivity, and falirications ehargins most ciaiel and inhutnan treatment resiilling in loss of life will continue to !„■ spread abroad to the t'leal deliiment ol th.' inierot and welfare of the Filipino [leople. 1 do not c.u^uWv that 1 saerjtieed in any pariienlar the confidence reposed in me l,y my (iovernmenl m comm nnieat i im to \on that it has been requested by the \'ati<-an at Koiik' and bv many divtin- nished men high in tlie councils of nations to emplov ii-^ uood oiiices in eilorts to secure (he liberty of the Sjianish clergy and of all individuals e,,nnecte,| with religious orders now hehl in durance, among whom are especially menlioned the Bishop of New Si^govia antl the nuns in the north- western part of the' island of Luzon. It is, of course, needless for me to present to you or the able counselors by whom you are surrounded, and, indeed, it may be considered a presumption on my part to invite your attention to tlie fact that this clergy, and, indeed, the civil functionaries of the Spanish (iovernment. can not under a strict interpretation of the rules of international law, be dei'ined prisoners of war, except in certain very a'4ura\ated cases. It would require most decided a- ]>revail rcKarding the humane sentiments and good intentions ciieri bed b\- the l-'i I i pi I los. ami which are so damaging t(t them in securiiii; a position .i- a iieopl.' w hicdi lla \- seek to invoke. You will please pardon me for this allusion, but ilie matter is so important to the best interests of the Filipinos that I have taken the liberty, uninvited, to present it. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 415 Confident that you seek the welfare of j-our people, may I in that confidence ask you to use your conceded influence to correct this condition of aftairs and to act with me in efforts to place these prisoners in a position which will put an end to the acrimonious criticisms which now so widely prevail? I would be pleased to receive them here at .Manila ami rare for them while they make preparations to leave the country, as I am infoiiut .1 many of them desire to do; and more particularly does it appear to me as m1' monks ; and permit me to make this point clear in order that the explanation which I have ihe pleasure of giving you may be more intelligible, and so, also, that foreign public opinion may not be mistaken. It is true that international law declares in general that the clergy and civil officials can not be prisoners of war, but the spirit of these very laws exclude the Spanish priests (sacerdotes religiosos) and civil officials in the Philippines, because they (Spaniards) alone possess the certain class of persons known by that name. Beginning with the Spanish civil officials, I take the liberty of pointing out to you that at the beginning of the declaration of war between the United States and Spain thev were obliged by General Augustin to beararnis, without (lisiinciiun as to class, and even before, during the first stages of the Philipiiinc revolution. Sj,;(iiis|i ,ivil otlicials were already formed into armed volunteer corps wlio, if tlu-\ iIkI not iiv.m.ntlv go inio the field in company with the regular soldiers, shot and aric ted

  • indescribable torture. Be- sides, I ought also to say that in tlie Sjianish penal prisons and penitentiaries groan even hundredsof prisoners and deported I'llipinos wh') were torn awav from their homes on account of the suspicions of the old .Sixaiish Government and thanks to the arts and malicious customs of the priests (sacerdotes religiosos), called ministers of peace. Relative to the priests, or rather Spanish "sacerdotes religiosos," I take the liberty of laying before you the following points : A. The religious corporations of the Philippines have acquired large agricultural colonies by means of fraud. In olden times the Filipinos, prompted by their religion, gave away a part of the products of their lands to the old priests (sacerdotes religiosos) for their support. But in the course of time that which was prompted by spiritual motive they made obligatory, taking possession of the lands, in order to better secure it, ajid making the proprietors dependents or colonists who could not refuse paying, because of the vengeance of the Spanish authorities, whom the said sacerdotes had in their favor, through biibery. B. AccordioK to tlie canons of the Roman (liureli, tliese prie>ts oi- relii;ious sacerdotes can not claim the privilege of absolving, whi.li is >,,leiy lese: vr.l i., the s,.L-ular clergy, to which the Filiiiiiio priests belong. Xe\ pine revolulion were the ecclesiastical corporations which, taking advantage of the cor- rupt Spanish Government, have robbed the country, preventing progress and liberty. 416 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. With these antecedents, General, you will understand that, owing to the influence and interests of the religious corporations in the Philippines, it is neither just nor politic to set at liberty the priests (sacerdotes religiosos). The archbishop, as well as the Span- ish bishops ill the Philippines, belong to the regular Spanish clergy, and it is not prudent toallMW ilu'ui tofonfinue ruling in these islands, as t hoy can incite a con ntor revolution, assi.stcd bv th.'iry-old and some fanatic Filii.ir.-.s, whn will obey tli.jr cnnununds. _ When t'iir Kilipin.. pri.^sts, unjustly spurur.l hy t hr \ atican. l,a v , ,bl;n ncd the right toap|>ointinrnt to the duties of bishops and |.an,.-lnal priests, then IIlmv will be no dan- ger to the public tran.iuillity in setting at lib.ity the ecclesiastics. The .-Spanish Govern- nient and the Pope have pn.ven themselves i-nurant of law or justice, when one deals with their interests. For that reason the Kilipiims wish to hold the civil othcials in order to obtain the Ubertv of the prisoners and deported Filipinos; and the priests in order to obtain from the Vatican the reognition of the Pbilppine clergy. As a representativ.' of tlie ( iovernmeiit of the I nited States, I beg of you. General, with the greatest kindness, to notifv it that neither vengeance nor hate influence the Filipinos when they hold t he civil olticials and Spanish ecclesiastics, but that public interests and the peace of t he Philippine people demand these measures. International law will have to give wav before the just cause of a country of millions of souls, because this cause is one of huinanitv, civilization, and progress. My people exact these meas- ures and I can not but complv with their will. If you. General, can interpret the senti- ments of the people to your Government and foreign public opininon, and by this means correct the erroneous ideas emanating from the ignorance of the true condition of the country, you will make your.self a creditor to the gratitude of the Filipino people and the civilized world. , ,. , I am, with the greatest consideration, your most obedient servant. Emii.io Aguinaldo. Office United States Military Governor IN THE Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., November 10, ISOS. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, Commanding Philippine Revolulionary Forces, Malolos, P. I. General • I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your cordial communica- tion of the :M instant, for which permit me to thank you, and to \vhich my manifold duties have denied me the pleasure of replying as prom ptly as I wished. I highly appreciate your expressed desire to act for the public interests, the peace of the Filipinos, and in accordance with the dictates of humanity, but you will pardon my candid confession that I am unable to comprehend the force of your remark to the effect that international law must give way before the just cause of a country of millions of souls because it is one of humanity. I fail to understand how the principles of that law can be antagonistic in anv particular to the M-elfare of a people, founded, as they are, on the best interpretation of the law of nature, which the acknowledged wisdom of ao-es of human progress has been able to bestow. Every independent nation claiming advanced enlightenment professes to be bound by these obligations of that law and cer- tainly would be held responsible by the civilized world should it openly violate them My previous letter contained the request of my Government lor the release of the clergy and members of religious orders, including nuns of a certain locality reported to be held bv you as prisoners of war. Your reply informs me that you hold as such pris- oners the'Spanish priests and former civil officials, but not women and children, "much less nuns " In regard to the latter, I must have been misinformed, lor I received the impression that they sought return of their personal eflecls, of which they have been deprived, with permission to join their friends in this city. \our letter, however, assures me that thev have not been despoiled and possess full liberty of action to jour- ney wheresoever they please. This information I will gladly convey to my Govern- ment and to persons immediately interested in their welfare who have expressed concern for their safety as regards health, life, and individual property. In respect to the Spanish officials whom you hold as prisoners of war, you are pleased to remark that during the first stages of the Fihpino revolution they were formed jnto an armed volunteer corps, were subsequently obliged to bear arms without distinction as to class, and that if they did not frequently take the field with the army of the enemy, nevertheless shot and arrested peaceful and defenseless inhabitants. These you desire to retain until opportunity offers to exchange them for Filipino prisoners now in the hands of Spain. I am not conversant with the facts you narrate, and am not therefore competent to arrive at any conclusion. It is, however, a well-established principle of law that the chief officers of a hostile government, such as its dii>lomatic agents and those who are of particular importance and use to it, become, upon capture, prisoners oj war but I do not think that its minor officials are classed in that category, unless armed or attached in some capacity to a hostile army for the purpose of rendering active aid. As regards the members of the Spanish clergy I understand you to state, in substance, that thev are held prisoners of war on account of the i,M-ave offenses committed by them while Luzon was under the practical domination of Spain; that they were the primary and in-incipal cause of the revolution which has been in progress for the past two years ; that it is not prudent to sot them at liberty, as they are disposed, and might be able, it released to incite a counter revolution in Spanish interests, and that they are retained in prison not onlv for such reasons, but also to compel the Vatican to recognize the con- ceded rights of tlie Filipino clergv, which has heretofore been denied it. Accepting these as (siablished facts .ni.\ knowledu'e is not to the contrary), the con- clusion doet not appear to follow thai thrse nienilnrs of the Clergy can be considered prisoners of war, and I inos. At the beginning of tlie rexolntion the,\- did not discliarge the duties of ministers of peace or preach gentleness m- Christian charit.N, hut, (irolaning their sacred mission, they made themselves the police of the Spanish (iovernment, false denouncers of inno» cent citizens. 27 418 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. It seems incredible that those who should raise their prayers to stop so much crutjlty and infamy committed by the Spanish Government, those who should give themselves over to reclusion and mortification and penance for so much crime, were precisely those who took part in the affairs, and with base insinuations, with infamous accusations and ideas of vengeance, increased more and more the pyre of the dead, and the defam- atory charges through which were sacriflced precious and innocent lives and the honor of many citizens. Again, vengeance does not move me in treating these ecclesiastics as prisoners of war. I conform to the principles of international law advanced by yourself, for, apart from the abuses committed by the priests, to which I have referred in my last letter, and the facts that I add in my present one, you ar& informed that they have taken up arms against the revolution; as, for example, the priests (parrocos) of the town of Li pa, province of Batangas, who made themselves leaders of volunteer corps. In Manila, during the seige of the town by your forces, all the ecclesiastics, organized and uni- formed, formed a part of the municipal armed guard, and all of them you may be sure have lent their directive and effective cooperation to the forces that fought against the Filipinos, not only maintaining at their expense armed bodies, but accompanying them in their expeditions as well as inciting them to battle. The convents have been the most impregnable defenses, where the Spanish combat- ant, together with the priests, shielded themselves in order to attaclc the revolutionists, and this government preserves qiiiti' ;i iiiiinber of muskets taken from the ecclesiastics. Therefore, the principle which vcii nKMitiun can be applied to them, and it follows in consequence that they should be inat'd as prisoners of war— the more so if all their civil attributes are taken into consideration. There is reason, therefore, to class them in the category of chief employes or those rendering service of special importance. The principles of international law sustained by the most noted authors were taken into account by me when I treated as prisoners of war civil employ(5sand the priests. Jiore, Martens, Bluntschli, and others, hold that nil p. rsoii^^, thuii;j:h not forming a part of the army, but who follow it to perform their paci lie fuiiciioi.s. can br held as prisoners of war. I only exempt the hospital personnel. at, liiiieial, tliat havin.g ejvrn ,\our noble impulses and cultured judgment and sympathy to m,\ counti,\ ,\ou will know how to interpret the sentiments of this letter before your (Jovernment and the civilized world, and to justify my conduct in holding as prisoners of war the civil officials and the priests. I close this letter, begging you to pardon the trouble its perusal will cause you. I remain, your most respectful servant, Emilio Aguinaldo. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 419 The last reply, and possibly the first, was drawn by Aguinaldo's attorney general, a person of excellent legal attainments, who is now serving as one of the United States j udges in the court of the audiencia, and was considered unanswerable by the Malolos Government. It received newspaper publication at Malolos and here in Manila. An answer was drafted in part, but never delivered. It recited the fact that the discussion of the subject had reached proportions never contemplated ; that I was not authorized to intercede for the release of the civil officials, and that my requests had been limited to priests or members of religious orders, and further remarked as follows : A reference to the correspondence will show that my expressed desires are limited strictly to requests of that character, and in reference to them you have been good enough to infdi 111 iiic lliat of the classes of persons named you hold as prisoners of war only'thc Snaiiish diiux-, permitting full freedom of action to all female members of religious institntinnv. The aiinouiKiiiiriii ni that portion of your policy which affects nuns, or women who arc devoting tlnii- sc rvicis to the interest of church and boiuvolent soci'lics, was re- ccivfil wiili sati^-factioii anoiiiinicaiis, who called for an expression of my opinion as to w ieihei- she could make a eonteinplated Journey to the province of Cagfiyan for the reliet of certain nuns, that she would not e'xperietice any difficulty in so doing, as their uiovcnieats were entirely optional with themseUes and would not l)e interfered with. Returning now to the suliject of inv ( ^overnnienl's request, viz, that which concerns priests. You are pleased to (]note from my letter of November 10th, not however the language emplo,\cd, hut as understood h.\ yoii. iloul)tlcss, and to apply it in aid of your argument for theii leiention. The meaninu oi ni.\- lansuauo is very different from that which you believed ii lo convey. My reniaiic referred strictly to civil officials, was only a passing brief att<'ntion given to 'one w liieh Nonr lornier letter contained, and bad nothing whatever to do with any other class of individuals. I said that It was "a well established principle of law that the c//e/ ,,//;,.,■> of a hostile government, such as its diplomatic agents and those who were of jrir/im/ar importance and use to it, hecanie upon capture, prisoners of war," not its minor officials, unless armed or attached in some capacity to a hostile army, etc. I had not then, nor have I now, the impression that the priests could be classed as important civil officials of the Hjoanish Government, nor as minor civil officers armed as soldiers or attached to the Spanish hostile army warring against the insurgent foi-ces in the field. Formerly, as you are aware, a lawful prisoner of war was an active combatant secured by capture or through surrender. In these later times the class has been greatly enlarged, and embraces members of the sovereign family, ministers and diplomatic agents of a government, and persons of importance at particular moments, though sep- arate from the mass of combatants. This extension is due to the fact that no great hardships should now attend the lot of a prisoner of war, while his detention may help to defeat the military operations of the enemy or assist those of the army making the arrest. With an army in the field pursuing active hostilities, the laws of war permit civilians accompanying it to be taken and held as prisoners temporarily and while their services may be of benefit to that army. The termination of hostilities should put an end to the period of imprisonment. So with the priests. If their confinement as prisoners of war was ever lawful, further detention can hardly be justified on the ground that it will assist your revolutionary government, or that release will injure it, unless, possibly, you apprehend determined hostility thereto, manifesting itself in dangerous demon- sti-ations on the part of the people who may be governed by their prejudices or spirit of revenge, for it is understood to be the desire of the priests to return to Spain and not linger in these islands longer than is absolutely necessary; and it is conceded, I pre- sume, that, removed from the country, they will be powerless to aid Spain in its further eflforts to crush what it is pleased to denominate a formidable rebellion. The plea that you hold them to effect an exchange for priests of Philippine nativity and to compel certain recoirnition of i)rincii)les by the Vatican at Rome is not well founded. The imprisoned native jiriests were pi-obaiilv state prisoners when Spain held acdaiowled^ed control of the islands and before rehell'ion liad raised its front. The inicifiea I iou, loo, which terminated in the a-reenient or s, , -called treaty of P.iac-na-hato nia\ have -el at rest all questions arising in the cases of prisoners captured during the rebellion of IsiMi. For an army to seize members of the clergy and hold them as prisoners of war f(tr the purposes of effecting the release and return of certain civilians, placed in captivity long before that army or the government to which it belongs had an existence, must be con- sidered a novel proceeding. To seize Spanish citizens, whatever their offenses, and hold them as prisoners of war to compel certain action by the Vatican of Rome is most assuredly indefensible under any circumstances. The war doctrine of "retort" which you introduce in your argument can not be applied, and you certainly do not wish to be understood as contending that you would be justified in shooting friars, whom you hold as prisoners of war, .simply because Spanish subjects tried and convicted under the forms of law were executed, etc. As stated, this answer was not served, as I had been reliably informed that Agui- naldo contemplated, or had promised Infiuential Filipinos to release the minor civil offi- cials, but that the temper of the people was such that he could not let go the members of the religious orders held in captivity. I also had an impression that he would not 420 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. keep his reported promise with regard to the Spanish officials, but intended to hold them for certain purposes, the chlefest of which were to secure large money considera- tions and European action tending to the recognition of his government. I therefore informed the War Department that eflPorts to obtain the release of the Spanish clergy were unavailing. The course which has since been pursued by the iusurgeut authori- ties has confirmed the correctness of the impressions which were received at that time. The general allusions made in former portions of this report to the action taken by the United States authorities which the private rights or the former privileges and obli- gations enjoyed by or imposed upon the inhabitants while under Spanish administra- tion, do not show the true significance of that action in many essential particulars. Manila is the capital of territory having seven or eight millions of people. The dif- ferent islands and in some instances the different provinces of the same island are dependent upon each other for the necessaries of life. Certain sections of the country confine their industries for the most part to the cultivation of rice, others to tobacco, or to hemp or sugai-, or the raising of live stock, and exchanging these products in a great degree for articles of consumption or other necessaries, which are conveyed in light- draft vessels to the numerous towns and villages which are situated on the five thou- sand miles or more of island coast. The hemp, sugar, and tobacco districts must have rice, and that in kind becomes the medium of exchange for their products. Little money is used or needed. The mei-chants of these towns and villages receive the pi-in- cipal product of the district for the merchandise sold to the inhabitants and barter the productsof other districts for it. The great center of the island trade is Manila, and trade is controlled and conducted mostly by Europeans— the Chinamen, however, looking carefully after its retail features. The closing of the port of Manila, or a radical change in the restrictions or regulations under which this trade is carried on, would seriously alTect the inhabitants of the islands, and the business interests of the large merchants who are also the exporters of the native products. Under present social conditions as affected by the special industries of particular sections, it is possible, by completely interdictiug inter-island commerce, to reduce to great individual sufl"ering the mass of the inhabitants, as well as to seriously impair the large European or foreign business capital which has been invested here for commercial' purposes. As has been stated, the surrender of Manila threw into the possession of the United States for control, not only the municipal affairs of the city, but the commerce, the shipping, and a large share of the trade revenues of the Philippines, with power to modify at its pleasure the regulations by which that trade has been conducted. The orders of the President wisely directed in effect a continuance of late prevailing customs duties, with very slight modifications, and the public interests demand that relief should be ext«nded to the people of the islands through the resumption of trade. These modifications, however, slight as they were and unavoidable under the circumstances, were the sources of grievances on the part of individual merchants, which they pre- sented through the consuls of their governments or in person. The least change in the former tariff schedule affected those who were stocked or those who wished to import merchandise, and gave competitors unfair advantages. Many had bought goods in Spain at high market rates for the purpose of securing the Spanish trade privileges on home products, and were unable to have delivery made in Manila on account of the war. They therefore asked to have the Spanish trade privileges extended to these special goods to avoid the great pecuniary loss which they must otherwise suffier. Repeated requests of this character occasioned a great deal of correspondence, and the concession of September 29th was thereupon granted, which was to the effiect that all such goods as might be entered prior to November 10th, the date upon which the amended tariff' regulations were to go into effect, might, upon due proof of facts, be admitted under the old Spanish customs rules. Even this concession did not meet the merchants' demands, and they contended for a longer time in which to present their goods, but had to be denied after fruitless argument by both parties in interest. The United States had not only assumed charge of the customs regulations of the islands, but also of all fiscal matters. General Greene, and subsequently General Whit- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 421 tier, was appointed to tlie position of intendente general de hacienda, which was really the office of the colonial minister of finance, and although their duties were limited in orders to "the supervision of the fiscal affairs of the government of Manila," they were obliged to consider those of a general character quite extensively, such as Importation and internal revenue. The colonial treasury has been surrendered, and its administra- tion involved questions of local and general import. The funds of both the city, the island, the peninsular government, the money deposits of private individuals guaran- teeing faithful performance of local and other contracts were merged beyond possibility of segregation. The laws, however, could not be considered to impose obligations upon any of the inhabitants of the islands living outside of territory in the rightful possession of the United States, however they might be applied to residents of Manila. There was a dual occupation of this office of intendente general, as Spanish officials still considered those fiscal matters which related to the business of the islands in which Manila was not concerned. To avoid unnecessary complications and also to simplify administration, the office was placed in temporary suspension and all fiscal matters supervised from the office of the military governor. The bureau of internal revenue, lilie the customs, as soon as talcen possession of by the United States officers, presented perplexing questions. The sources of revenue and the proper administration of funds depended upon numer- ous Spanish decrees extending over a long period of j'ears. It received moneys which belonged to the funds of the city, executed the stamp laws, the industrial tax regula- tions, and looked after the issuing of personal cedulas to the inhabitants of the islands, etc. As soon as the office was established the residents of the city began to tender the periodical payments. The question as to what character of taxes should be collected by the United States came up for consideration. Back taxes were paid in and refundments or credits on prior payments requested. In answer to questions submitted by the col- lector of internal revenue, the following specific Instructions were given and show the nature of difficulties presented : Office of Military Secretary, Manila, P. I., September 15, 189S. Maj. R. B. C. Bement, U. S. V., Collector uf Internal Revenue, Manila, P. I. Sir : I am directed by tlie military governor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of September 14th, with inclosed exhibit of cash received by you since the 26th ultimo. He directs me to say, in answer U) your (|uestion as to whether you shall receive the railroad tax or not, that he is nr,t convinced that the United States Government has the right to collect it. It was a tax imposed by tlie general Spanish Philippine Government for services performed in the island of Luzon. The United States have ri'^litful occupation of the city of Manila and its defenses only. Under the prevailinu armistice they have no right to impose taxes for services performed In any oilier part of the world. This tax, being a provincial or colonial tax, makes it doubtful if it ce.mcs within the taxes which can be paid to the present author- ities of the city of Manila. The Spanish governor stationed at Hollo, who has jurisdic- tion overall portions of the Philippine Islands not in the actual rightful possession of the United States, might be able to raise a good legal point should we accept this rail- road tax. Further consideration will be given to the question. The military governor directs me further to say that as regards our right to issue the old personal cedula he is also in doubt, as he is not aware what privileges it conlerred upon the person to whom it was granted ; tliat he has been told that it was in the nature of a passport, permitting the holder to journey in all i^orlious of tlie islands. Such authority the United States can not give, so that any cedula issued hy us would not be of value to the party to whom issued. It would nierol\- 1 vidence of personal identifi- cation, giving the right to remain in and travel about the city of Manila or through the territory over which the United States holds sway. If he is incorrect in his impressions please inform him. For these and other reasons (one of which is the dislike exhibited by the inhabitants to the cedula tax) he has not thought it consistent with good policy to issue the cedula Very respectfully, Henry C. Cabei.l, Military Secretary. Office of the Military Secretary, „ „ „ Manila, P. I., September U, 1S9S. Maj. R. B. C. Besient, U. S. V., Collector of Customs and Internal Revenue, Manila, P. I. Sir: I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 19th instant with inclosu res (the inclosures I herewith return), and to state in reply that the only policy which can be pursued under the present American administration of this city 422 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. is to refuse to consider all claims which were pending, treating them as claims against the Spanish Government, in which we are not interested. As a consequence of this policy we must, to be consistent, ignore all debts due to tlie Spanish Government prior to occvipancy, whether in the nature of taxes or otherwise, ^^'e retain all moneys and securities found in till- Spanish treasury at the inception (if o,-,ii|,:iiii>n as tlic picp, rty of the public enemy, and do not arknowledge the validitN' oiniiy liens wliidi I he lornier subjects of Spain (whose present status is that of Spanish eilizcns wiih ciiizrnship held in abeyance) may submit for requested adjustment. In pursuance of that policy the answer to the first question submitted by you must be, "Yes ; only received taxes which have accrued since August 13th." The answer to the second question is, '"Yes; refund taxes for the portion of the quar- ters prior to August loth, and retain taxes which have accrued since that date." To the third question the answer is, "No." I'aities who lia ve paid taxes to the Span- ish Government may possibly have a claim against the Spanisli ( ;'- supported by additional proof, and no Chinaman, of whatever nationality, will \>r iicnuitted by him to land except upon con- clusive proof of pr(>vious rosidcnce. There will Ik- cxiinphd jioiii the above restrictions the parties named in article 3 of the coiivcutiuii ijciwccii !iic I'nited States of America and the Empire of China, pub- lished in supiilciiiriit to t 111' ;;. vised Statutes of the United States, volume 2, pages 153-7, to wit: Chinese oUicials, hMclier'^, students, merehants, or ti'avelers for curiosity or pleasure. The cominjz: nf these class,-- of Chinese will Ih' iiei-niitted upon tlie production of a certificate from tlieii' ( iuvernniein or t lie ,ij;overninent wIhtc the\- last ri-sidi'd, vist'ed b.v the diplomaticor consular representative of the United States in tlie country or port whence they depart, supplemented by such further proof as is required in section 6 of an act of Congress, approved July 5, 1884. 424 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. All Chinese entering this port shall register at the office of the Chinese consul or consular agent. It is also directed that the following regulations shall govern the return to this port of Chinese laborers, skilled or unskilled, residents of Manila, who leave this port after this date. Every such Chinese laborer will, before his departure from this port., report to the collector of customs or his deputy, who will enter in a registry, to be kept for that purpose, the name of sufh laborer, his age, occupation, physical marks nr peculiarities, and such other facts as may be deemed necessary for the i.uii pose <>1' iilcMtilication. Said collector or his deputy will furnish to c\ery such (Irpariiutr Chiucsc laborer a certificate to be signed by said collector or his deputy, which ciiiiijcate sliall set forth all the facts shown by the registry book above mentioned, corresponding with said registry in all particulars. The certiflcate herein provided for shall entitle such Chinese laborer to whom the same is issued to return and reenter this port upon producing and delivering the same to the collector of customs of said port, and said ceiiilicalc shall be the only evidence permissible to establish his right to reentry, but said ccriiiicate may be controverted and the facts therein disproved by the United States authorities. Upon delivering such certiflcate by such Chinese laborer to the collector of customs at the time of reentry into this port said collector shall cause the same to be filed in the customhouse and duly canceled. These instructions are still practiced substantially — the only modifications made consisting in methods of application — and the orders which have been issued by the War Department since their date have confirmed them. The action taken by the United States and Chiriese governments in changing the consular representative of the latter has resulted in quieting very materially the complaints of the resident Chinese against each other, although an occasional one is submitted. The conditions of these residents and their evident interest in a stable government to enable them to practice their natural trading propensities, also the utter absence of any patriotic sentiment by which they could possibly be animated, renders the conduct of many of them anoma- lous. "Within our military lines they are ardent friends of the Americans, and, beyond, a good many are apparently active insurgents. They fiU subordinate positions in the insurgent army, and one of the ablest insurgent general officers is a Chinaman, but his chief occupation appears to be to look carefully after the finances within the territory of his sphere of action. They have performed a great deal of the vast amount of manual labor expended in the construction of the insurgent intrenchments which are encountered by our army wherever it is called upon to operate, but under impressment, doubtless, as they seize every opportunity to escape insurgent domination, provided they are not restrained by their individual property interests. Allusion is made in a former portion of this report to the difficulties encountered in reestablishing satisfactory civil tribunals. It is there asserted that "the civil court justices vacated their positions and gradually sailed for Spain without giving notice of their intention to depart." Before this happened there had been a few interesting inci- dents connected with the opening of the courts by the Spanish judges without previous consultation with the military authorities, which excited the inhabitants of the city, who submitted strong protests. The provo.st marshal general therefore was directed to close the minor civil tribunals and the court of the fli-st instance — a court with j urisdic- tion coexten.sive with the territorial limits of a province. There was also in session the court of the audiencia, or the supreme court of the islands, having appellate jurisdic- tion exclusively. The chief justice, whose court was empowered by Spanish decree to sit in the city of Manila only, claimed the right to hold court and to at least administer upon cases afl'ecting inhabitants not resident in the city, Independent of United States authority, and also argued its right to determine cases, both civil and criminal, which were pending on appeal prior to United States occupation. In submitting his request or demand, he asked for a personal interview, and the following reply was returned : Office of the Military Governor, Manila, P. I., September 25, JS9S. Hon. Servando F. Victoria, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 21st instant, a translation of which is now before me. Replying thereto, I beg to inform your honor that so much of your communication as is devoted to the discussion of the question of continuance under military government, such as has been established in the city of Manila by the United States, of the local courts of the country and of the civil OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 425 laws (municipal), has received the consideration which its importance merits and to say further that the views expressed by you in the main have mv concurrence. ' But while it is true, as pointed out by your honor, that under tlie conditions noted tli<> generally accc|>ted rule under international law is tliat all civil law (onliinics to tak.' its usual course in pla.-csand territory und.T niili larv f,^oN-,Miiiih'nl , and is ii-iiallv adiniuisIenMl hy ihr ordiiia ry tribunals sul.slaiiliallv as Ix'tore t be rstablisbniciii ,,( il,e military -c vvrnuiicnl : ii is likewise true, and 1 am sure will be aduiitied b', your liunor that these law s ,-,iiiiiniie in r,.ree and the local courts continue in (be e.xii'ci.se of their jurisdiclicin onl\ willi llie sanelionof the occupying belllKerenl, wbicb nia\-, for cause deemed >nllieieni li\- i i. suspend the same or wholly snpers<'de I hem. rpon liie estab- lishment (.f uiililary K'>veinnient at this place, it was d.'cr./ed bv ni\ luvibM-essdr tliat "municipal laws (the term 'niunieipal laws' being used in its t)r.>a(ier -ense and in con- tradistinction to the term -international law'), such as ali'ei-t piivale ii-li|s ,,i- persons and property, reirulate local institutions, and provide for t lie inmisbnient ofci-iine sh-ill be considered as continuing in force so far as compatible witli tlie ]nir poses of mi'litary government, and tliat Ihey bv a.hninisi, red throuy:!, the ordinary tribunals substan- tially as before occupation, but by odicers api)oiiit tin' Spanish Government, as security for the specific performance of certain contracts wliich he had entered into with the govern- ment of that country. In reply, I am directed to return the copies of contracts submitted by you, and to state that your client appears to have a claim against the Spanish Government for moneys deposited, but none asrainst the Government of the United States. All fiimls which cnnir info the possession of the United States upon the surrender of thecitv of M.i nil.i and i i ~ liciiiiseson August 13th last, were surrendered as public funds, and wi rr turned ov! i- to tl.r I'nitcd States under articles of capitulation requiring that "all funds ill the Spanisii tnasmy and all public funds shall be turned over to the authorities of the United stai s,"" As you are evidently aware, there is no requirement of international law to tlir iiti ci iliat funds, the title to which is vested in the United States by capture, shall 1h' ilistriljnu'd among such persons as have pecuniary claims against the country from wliich the funds were captured. The cont i acts made by and between yourclient and the Spanish Government evidently rest in su- pension l)y reason of "the act of the public enemy," and may be revived in full force iii' in tic < i ssalion of United States military occupation and return of the territoi-y occnjiied (■■Spain. The military government holds as a legal proposition that a Spanish sutiject (\vith citizen- ship in temporary abeyance) can not have, either in equity or law, a lien upon moneys surrendered by the Spanish Government as its public funds. They came into the pos- session of the United States wholly unincumbered and title passed to my government with possession. Very respectfully, Henry C. Cabell, Military Secretary. Office United States Military Governor IN the Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., September 19, 1S99. Messrs. R. Aexlle & Co., /iB MagaUanes Street, Manila. Gentlemen : In reply to your communication of the 9th instant, the military gov- ernor directs me to state that investigation shows that the bonds you mention in the communication are in the possession of the present custodian of the Spanish public funds, and that they can not be delivered at the present time for the following reasons, viz : That they concern a contract entered into by Spanish authorities and a subject of Spain ; that all obligations of such a nature, and all rights under them, are suspended during the existence of war between the dominion of Spain and the United States Gov- ernment, and remain in suspension until the final declaration of peace between those two countries. That the military government of the United States established in Manila is not under any obligation to recognize in any way formerly existing regulations between Spain and its subjects, whether arising under contract or otherwise. That it is not the duty of that government, and it might be said its right, to attempt to adjust claims of such a character. They remain in abeyance, and are revived upon the declaration of peace. Very respectfully, yours, Henry C. Cabell, Military Sea-etary. In answer to individual requests for the return of voluntary bond deposits, which could be identified and ownership established by marks and designations accompany- ing these special deposits, applicants were informed that they must await the unsealing OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 427 of the safes, which could not be done until some settlement of American and Spanish interests should be arrived at. The result has been that the money deposits merged into the general fund have not been recognized as creating any obligation against the United States Government, which received this entire fund as the pubhc money of Spain ; that the recognized special deposits have been returned to the individual owners, under the supervision of the United States and Spanish boards of liquidation, which were ap- pointed several months since to settle the respective interests of those governments under the provisions of the late Paris treaty. There was another class of cases which for a brief period constantly obtruded them- selves and which involved long-continued study and careful consideration. They arose upon the applications of individuals for the return to them of their estates embargoed by the Spanish authorities during the recent rebellion. The estates of many Filipinos who were charged with treason were taken possession of and administered upon by Spanish otHcials. After the United States had taken Manila, present and returning res- idents who had suffered from this cause sought the restoration of their properties. The case of the Cortez Filipino family, which had taken refuge in Hongkong, was pushed for determination before the Manila military authorities with all the vigor of demon- .stration of which the members of that family and the United States consuls at Hong- kong and Manila were capable. These embargoes affected individual real properties, a portion of which might be situated in the city, a part in some other locality under Spanish domination, and such was the condition of the Cortez estate. A conclusion was finally reached on the facts presented and rendered in the following expressed opinion, of date of November 25th : That the present United States military occupation of a portion of the Philippine Islands, undei- and by virtue of the armistice existing Ix^twcen the Governments of the United Stati'-^ ami S|:ain, is of a temporary chaiacter and does not place upon the foriniT an\ ( j)ili'4atii>ns to redress or even imiuiic into allfj;;ed grievances imposed by till' latter v.iiiie liMininant here upon its snb.j<-ets, csix-oially if such allegations are sub- mitted li\' tliose sulijiM-ls and concern only their individual property rights; that the United siates, under its temporary occupancy and the conditions which prevail, would ni)t lie jnstilied in >ett in^ aside the laws of Spain and the decisions of its courts when indixidnal property riuljts are alone concerned, not even in matters arising under its war decrees ]ironuilKated for the ei>rre('tion, or the punislmient it may be, of its relVaelorv snliieels iiartieipating in a formidable rebellion with inti'ntion to de.-troy its sovei-ei-u jMjwer; that t hi' relief asked for 1)y the petitioners is eivil in its nature and slioulil lie Miimlit ill the civil eoni'ts of the coni|nored, whi<-h have been continued and are iiennil ted to exercise tlieir forinei-ly conferred civil .jni'isdiet ion in all matters not involxinu arrests ,,{ p, rsous and criniiiial prosecnl ion, and l,her<'fore the case does not conciM-n the niilitar\- administration, speciall,\ constituted for other purposes; that the case involves u (|uesiion of United States revenue, since the i)etiiioners demand a return to them as Spanish subjects of the public iiroperty of Spain as declared by its authori- ties to which tlie United States has succeeded and wlncli it has the legal right to receive and enjoy, for I ascertain by reference to the Sjian.ish military code that the effect of the declared embargo of the property of the petitioners and the proceedings taken under it was to vest the uses and profits of the embargoed estates in the Spanish Government while the embargo continued — title to the same remaining in the individual owners from which pcjssession was taken. The active continuance of the embargo was made to depend upon pardon or the result of a trial by the Spanish courts upon the charge of treason, rebellion, or sedition, confiscation attending conviction and sentence and restoration following acquittal. During the existence of the enibai'go the real propertj' affected was apiiareiitly held in trust by theSpanish Government for its sole use and benefit, with remaimlei- \ ested in parties formerly holding the nmiualiiied lee, and dependent uiion a coni inmiux involv- ing due conviction of the crime of di-lo\aliiy to that government. Thesi' conclusions are supported by explanatory- provisions contained in a decree issued by the governor generalon Januars- It). IStiT, wlierein it was declared tliat in tlie c-ase "of an absent cul- prit presentini; liiinsi-lf and lieiriu ac(|nitle(l by tlie court, lie will only have a right to claim a return of \ he projiert y not alieiiateil and to the rents and jiroflts which have not bt^en applied." Finally, it iscom-liided that t ne United Stales ( ioverninent during its occu]iancy under its truce with Spain, which provides onl\- for a temporary cessa- JHst <-ause arising under the laws of war, iirojierties the uses of which would aLjain inure "to thi' dominion of Spain iiiion a return of Spanish soviM'eigntw liecl.-ind perni.anent possession by the United Stales would nioilily conditions and iirescnt the entire ques- tion in a dilterent aspect, for then the rights of all concerned, whether depend. 'nt upon treaty obligations or othei wise, would be defined or become easy of iiiterpntatioii. It was therefore ordered that the provost marshal general seize all funds of the Cortez estate on deposit In the local banks, take forcible possession of all the real properties belonging to that estate which were situated in the city of Manila, and administer the 428 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. same for the use and benefit of the United States Government. These conclusions arrived at, which were fully justified by the facts, enabled the United States authori- ties to take legal possession, temporarily at least, of not only the realty but also the personalty of the estate which Spain held, and which belonged to the public properties she had promised to surrender under the articles of capitulation. The provost marshal general took posses.sion of the estate as directed, accounted for the proceeds received while he held possession, and finally, under the instructions of the War Department, turned estate, with all proceeds, over to the owners. This case served as a precedent for future proceedings upon questions of embargo, although in cases of minor importance embargoed property was at once turned over to the claimant upon due proof of right to receive it. Until October 14th the United States troops in the Philippines remained stationed at Manila and Cavite, as provided in General Merritt's orders of August 23d, with very slight exceptions. Major General Anderson retaining supervision of the district of Cavite and Major General MacArthur of the troops stationed in Manila, the three organ- izations composing the provost guard continuing, however, under the control of Briga- dier General Hughes. They were most bountifully supplied with subsistence and medicines, but light cloth- ing suited to the climate and facilities necessary for occupying and messing in barracks were needed. These were soon obtained through contract and purchase from the mer- chants of Hongkong and Manila and by shipment from the United States. The troops received tactical instructions daily, but the weather was too hot for much physical exer- tion, and time hung heavily upon them. They entertained the impi-ession that the Spanish war had terminated, and the volunteers appeared to believe that they should be recalled to the United States at once and regular troops sent out to perform the monot^ onous garrison duties which were about to follow the victory of Manila. Many became ill from too free indulgence in the fruits and manufactured drinks of the country, and inditterence to that care and attention of person which a tropical climate makes neces- sary. Homesickness alone produced illness in numerous cases, so that early in Septem- ber the hospitals began to be rapidly filled. This led to the adoption of judicious pre- cautionary measures. Aguinaldo was faithfully executing his agreement made with General Merritt with regard to water privileges and the city water works, which was to permit us to use the pumping station situated eight miles from the walled city, provided we would pay the men of his selection for running it and defray all the necessary expend- itures. This we were faithfully doing, but the secured was not of desired quality and boiling and distilling were resorted to. Circular instructions prepared by the Medical Department, warning men of the results of injudicious action, were issued from head- quarters, and all sanitary measures possible were adopted. The sick rate, however, increased. On September 4th one hundred and thirteen sick soldiers were shipped to the United States, as their restoration to health in this climate was extremely improbable, and more followed. The per cent of sickness to numerical strength in some organizations rose to twenty, and in two or three organizations to thirty, while in others it did not exceed six or eight, although the latter were no better housed nor provided for than the former, but the men of the latter were, without doubt, better supervised and watched over by their officers and were measurably contented with conditions. As long as the practice of sending sick men home continued there was no improvement in the sick rate, but as soon as the convalescent hospital was estab- lished on Corregidor Island (an island at the entrance of Manila Bay) and the sick sent there for treatment a marked change for the better was apparent. In November improvement was noticeable, and in January the health of this army would compare favorably with those of any concentrated army of like proportions in existence. To be sure the men had become by this time fairly acclimatized, and new troops arriving here will be obliged to pass through this period of acclimatization before they become properly efficient for prolonged service in the field. During my first weeks of duty here I was impressed with the spirit of suspicion and the partially concealed unfriendly feeling manifested by the Tagalos toward the Ameri- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 429 can forces. That they either had very little confidence in our promises or were then forming conclusions to oppose any establishment of United States authority in Luzon was apparent, however loudly they might disclaim hostile intent or declare as an excuse for their attitude fear of the return of Spain. I saw, however, with satisfaction, their ablest men by education and mental equipment taking part in their authorative delib- erations, and I had considerable confidence in the eflicacy of their suggestions and advice. Still, after carefully weighing conditions, I was unable to arrive at any satis- factory conclusions. To a cable received on September Kith, I i-eplied on the next day as follows : Adjutant GeneraIj Army, Washimjton: Referring to telegram yesterday, now think prudence dictates increased force — this after deliberation on situation appearing to-day and possible developments. Force suf- ficient for present purposes, but contingencies may arise difflcult to meet. Parties plotinu constantly to cDnvcv erroneous impressions and excite insurgents. Demands ofiity iidvcriiiiK lit ami sicklist draw heavily on armed organizations. An additional 5 (Kill iiu'ii (•(iiild l)L' used lo supply losses and give greater confidence. Battalions of Eighteenth and Twenty-third Infantry, still at San Francisco, should join at once. Measures were being applied constantly to improve the sanitary condition of the city, to increase the etfieiency of the troops, and to meet any emergency which might develop from an uprising of the inhabitants, or from hasty action by any portion of our or the insurgent forces, which, though maintaining amicable intercourse, were, in fact, in an attitude of resistance and hostility upon all questions involving the right of armed occupation of the suburbs and defenses of Manila. The insurgent soldiers had looted extensively the portions of the city to which they gained access, and were greatly disappointed that this privilege over other parts of the same was not accorded them. Their enforced withdrawal to outer lines was the cause of discontent, and augmented any desire which they may have formerly entertained to resist or attack the American troops. This growing discontent was observable among the lower classes of the city's inhabitants, from whom a considerable share of Aguinaldo's army was drawn, and was undoubtedly increased by the reprehensible conduct and illegal actions of some of our own men, who were severely punished for their misdeeds when detected. Out- wardly, however, relations of the most friendly character were maintained. The officers and enlisted men of the two armies mingled in friendly social intercourse. To the casual ob.server the only discordant element in the dense complex population, made up of every nation and tongue in existence, were the hated Spanish prisoners, whom the Filipinos still longed to persecute and kill, and who were obliged to keep within the walls of Old Manila for safety. Repeated conferences were held with infiuential insurgents, whose chief aim appeared to be to obtain some authoritative expression on the intent of the United States with regard to the Philippines, and complained that they were unable to discover any one who could speak ex cathedra. They asserted that their Malolos arrangement was a government de facto, which had the right to ask an expression of intent from the United States Government. To increase and better organize the force in Manila, the following orders were issued on October 14th : The trooDS comprising this command, with Infantry, Thirteenth Minnesota, and s, ' ' which will continue to cmwlitiiti' the general of the city, tlic i;ii;hl( cntli T. Volunteer Heavy Artillery, which will . , t^. , , organized into two divisions, designated as First and Second Divisions of the Eighth Army Corps, each to consist of two brigades. The following designated troops now quartered and to be quartered in the city south of the Pasig River, will form the First Division : Six troops of the Fourth U. S. Cavalry. Light Batteries D and G, Sixth U. S. Artillery. The Astor Battery. Fourteenth U. S. Infantrv. First Calltornia VolnntiMT Infantry. First Idaho Volunteer Infantry. First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry. Battalion First Wyoming Volunteer Infantry. with 1 Hie exception ( )f the Twenty-third U. S. iiid ( 1 reii-on Regimei its of volunteer infantry, ard a ind polie.. foiv, r of the (ii-ovosl marshal Infai itry, and the ( letaehnp'iit of « 'alit'ornia IllI-iOSi !■ the permane nt garrison of (^avite, are 430 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The following organizations north of the Pasig Rivei' will compose the Second Division : Company A, Battalion of Engineers. Four batteries Third U. 8. Artillery. Batteries A and B, I'tah Volunteer Light Artillery. First Colorado Volunteer Infantry. First Montana Volunteer Infantry. First Nebraska Vulunteer Infantry. Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. First South Dakota Volunteer Inr.intry. Troops expected to arrive from s^u i'r.i nc iseo soon will be assigned to these divisions when numerical strength and facilities for i|Uaiiering will be considered. For the purpose of enforeing discipline through general court-martial proceedings, togetlier Willi ajipropnaie letion to be taken to that end, the First and Eighteenth cuhipauies, X'oliiiitei 1 si-iial (^orps, are attached to the First, and the Hospital Corps, U. S. A., to the Se,-,Hi(l |)i\ ision. Maj. Gen. T. M. A n.ler-ou. r. S. V., is assigned to tlie coniniand of t lie First Division, and Maj. Gen. Artliiir MaeA rtliur, T. S. W, to ilie eoiiiiiiaiKl .u tl;e Se.-oiid. 'I'liey will submit as soon as pi'ael icalile ilie proposed oi liaiii/.alioii ot hiiLiailes oiilKir eon inlands. Brig. (i and Irviu- 1 !ale, T . S. W, to t lie Si'coiid Divi-iou. 'I'hey will ivporl in jierson p. the eoimuaiiiliiii; ueiierals of their respective divisi..ns lorassimiuieiil |ol.ri-ade com maiids (Geue!-al I< ilia, ex pected to arrive soon, .so rciiorlina upon univalj. ( illicMas now serving on the staffs of general officers under proper orders will continue on siicli ser\ ice. The chief quartermaster and chief coiniiiissar.\ ol the command will noniiiiaie oilicers of their respective departments for assignnieui as ili vision and brigade qiiailerniasters and commissaries, being mindful of assignments in those capacities which have already been made. The chief surgeon of the command will nominate offi- cers of the Medical Department for assignment as chief surgeons of divisions. The organized divisions had little exacting duty to perform, as the provost marshal general with his guard of three regiments was held responsible for the preservation of order within the more thickly populated portions of the city. Division commanders looked carefully after the health, practical instruction and personal conduct of their men, prescribed drills and practiced ceremonies, and watched by means of small out- posts the armed insurgents to the number of six or eight thousand, who maintained a warlike attitude on the outer lines. The Army Regulations, appropriate to peace condi- tions, were enforced in matters of examinations, courts, boards, returns, reports, and correspondence. Barracks, quarters, messing facilities, and sanitary surroundings were improved, and in so far as strictly military operations were concerned the passing period was devoid of excitement or apparent importance. In answer to request to make a statement in regard to the welfare of the troops, I remarked, on November lOlh, that since August none had arrived except absent members of and recruits for organizations which had preceded them ; that the fifth expedition left San Francisco between the 19th of October and the 8th of November and its advance was expected daily, and continued as follows : The medical department of the corps has always been well supplied with medical stores. There has been a shortage of medical officers wliich lias tieen fairlv well met through contract |ili vsicians. Now we arc abundantly sui>plied uitli medical stoivs and hospilal Imihliuus. ihoimh medical oilicers have been overwork. mI. The sick ivporl to-da\ is al.oiil twelve jier cent of th, iimaml : that of the llriilsli arniv in this lali- tudc is aboil! leii |i.'rci'nl. Tiie most of our sickness is of a mild I V|)e. and the health of the troops is now imnkedly imiiroved. The total mim her ol ile;, I lis oi i h<> c.imiiiand since leaving San Francisco is |r,|, or ;i Utile m,Hv than one pei' ceni . of I he-e il.-i I hs 51 were due to l.\ phoid lever, .'.i to wounds receixcd in l^attle. / to accident, IS to d \seii ter.y, and 18 to smallpox. This number oi deaths among 1.5,CKX) men, covering a period of sev- eral months, is surpiisimdy light. In the niatterol snh-isience the troops have never suffered. The.v have been supplied with abundant iaiion>. heller even than any body of men I ever had association with. There is lo-,la\ well stored in this city subsistence for 17,UU0 nien for four months. Also large suppli,.s lor sale to ollicrs and men, all of which are in e.\cellenl condition. In addition lo Ihe reanlar issues lid cents )ier day is given to each oiaanl/.alion for every man reported ill with wliii-li to hiiy delicacies needed h.y the sick. Doiilitli'ss troops have suffered somewhat lucause of tli'eir lack of knowledge to pro)>erlv prepare their food, but all with formir exiHriciice such as our Regular regiments are acquiring additional regimental funds. Tlie comnuind is now fairl.v well supplied wi th all needful quarter- master's articles txcepi ing wagon traiisportion. The voluntoer.s are still armed with the old Springfiel.l lilh . hut si.p- tiav<' heen taken to supply the most reliable of them with the Krag-Joigeiiseii and smokeless ammunition. No one can tell what dniies these troops may be called upon to perform. It is more than prohalile, should the islands he ivtaini'd hv the United States, that they will be kci.t exceedingly husy esl a 1 .1 i d li n- liiited States authority and mainlaiidng a fair these soldiers, comiioM'd uiosily of raw material, over 7,UU0 miles of water and placing OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR. 431 them here in good condition and well supplied, results must be considered as quite satis- factory. Nothing of the kind had ever before been attempted, and no previous prepara- tion had been made. On November 21st and 25th the absent battalions of the P^ightcenth and Twenty-third Infantry arrived. Throughout that month, and a good portion of December, the troops remained (luiet, their health steadily improving. On December 2d I cabled the Adjutant General of the Army that the percentage of sick of the command, as reported on November 30th, was ten and one sixth as against twelve and one fifth for October Blst ; that the number of deaths was twenty-six as against forty-flve for October; that the sick rate was about the same as that among troops of other governments serving in tropical climates ; that one third of the sick were suffering from typhoid and malarial fevers; one sixth from intes- tinal troubles, and that the remaining half of all ailments were slight in character. The only matters in which troops took special interest grew out of their speculations on the attitude and probable intentions of the insurgents. On December 1st the United States transport Indiana, with headquarters and two battalions of the Kansas Volunteers arrived, followed on the 7th of that month by the transports Neivport and Pennsylvania with other volunteer organizations. The volun- teers, however, had grown weary of their service and many applied for their discharge on the plea that the Spanish war had terminated. They were firmly impressed with the belief that the future occupation of the United States Army in the islands would be con- fined to garrison duty, a belief that was shared by the older European residents and the abler natives of Manila, and they considered that such duty should be performed by regulars. My own confidence at this time is a satisfactory solution of the difficulties which confronted us may be gathered from a dispatch sent to Washington on December 7th, wherein I stated that conditions were improving and that there were signs of revo- lutionary disintegration; that I had conferred with a number of the members of the rev- olutionary government and thought that the most of them would favor peaceful submis- sion to United States authority. I had strong reasons for this expressed confidence from assurances made to me by some of the ablest Filipinos who had occupied positions of importance in the insurgent government and had signified their intention to with- draw from it. Had the volunteers then supposed that their services would soon be demanded to maintain the honor and integrity of their country they would willingly have awaited the emergency. But all official proceedings tended to give them the con- trary impression. Returning transports were carrying back to San Francisco numbers of specially discharged men. On December 13th the Astor Battery was relieved from duty and directed to proceed to New York City. Its departure on the 16th of the month was followed soon by the sailing lor home of one third of the Nebraska regiment Indi- vidual applications for discharge became numei-ous, and on December loth I forwarded to the Adjutant General of the Army the following communication : I have the honor to forward herewith four hundred and twenty-seven applications from enlisted men of this command for their discharge from the service, some on spe- ciallv stated grounds wliich require consideraiion, but fur the most parton the plea that War Department orders entitle them to it. Tlicy nfi-r to parauraph 2, General Orders, No. -10, current series, and think that tiic pic s( nl ci s-ation of arlivc h<>i)licati(ins wliicli they consider the para- graph invited them to make. Uouhtless the end of the war awaits the proclamation of peace, and in these islands that dav may he somewhat deferred. The nnmlier of these applications indicates the desire of the enlisted men of the com- mand iix'scape the countiv, and shows how difficult it is to hold them in conditions of contented discipline. Much of this desire to escape their military obhgations at a time when their services are especially demanded arises from homesickness, and that fact accounts largely for the heavy per centum of sickness with which we have been afflicted. Under present exigencies I am obliged to disapprove all these applications. But notwithstanding the desire to hold the volunteers as above expressed (and it was necessary to hold them or no army would remain), I continued to believe that we might overcome difficulties without resort to force, for, on December 22d, in answer to an inquiry as to the truth of certain newspaper statements of that date which charged us with the 432 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. commission of grave oflfenses, I cabled that Manila was never more quiet ; that order prevailed and that the native population of the city had been greatly augmented within three months; that the criminal class was large, and that representatives of the same were arriving from the United States and Asiatic coasts, who were closely watched; that the conduct of the troops was good, to a degree in fact that it was subject of favorable comment by the citizens, and that disorders were promptly punished, as the business transacted by the courts would show. I further asserted that the disparaging state- ments which appeared in the United States, Hongkong, and Singapore newspapers, were without an element of truth, and that military rule was firm as circumstances demanded, since outbrealis were likely to occur. Still I continued to have confidence in the peaceful solution of affairs, although it was apparent that the radical element in the insurgent councils (consisting of men without property and of little character, by whom the passions of the more ignorant natives were being inflamed and who were then organizing within the city clubs for legitimate improvement and amusement, as they claimed, but really for revolutionary purposes), might precipitate hostilities with- out giving us much warning. Aguinaldo, too, aided by his more intimate associates, was constantly levying and collecting war contributions and exciting the people with the cry for independence. He was in constant communication with a business firm of American membership mostly, having headquarters in Hongkong (one of whose mem- bers, individually present in Manila, had been appointed chief of ordnance of the insur- gent army), and was secretly negotiating for a large supply of arins and ammunition, all of which was well known to me at the time. During this period of quiet, in so far as strictly military affairs were concerned, the labors of civil administration were very exacting, and necessitated a mass of con-e- spondenee too voluminous to be embodied in this repori. A few exti'acts will be sub- mitted to show the character of the questions which were constantly presenting them- selves for official determination. Already many individual claims against the United States for damages to or loss of property, caused for the most part by the insurgent sol- diers who had been in occupation of a portion of the city, were being received. Great difficulties attended the efforts to administer on business principles the city's revenues ; to ascertain all former sources of that revenue; to put the proper machinery in order to collect that portion of it the payment of which was considered appropriate and just, and to detect the constantly perpetrated frauds made easy under practices of long standing, and bring guilty officials or city employes to punishment. The merchants were importunate. Those of foreign citizenship complained to the resident consuls of their respective governments, by whom their protests were officially submitted. This action appeared to threaten international complications, and had to be promptly and judiciously met. On October 31st the following reply was sent to one of these representatives of a foreign power, from whom a protest signed by nearly all the resident business men of his government was received : Dear Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 29th instant, with attached copy of declaration and petition of certain resident mei- chants of Manila, inclosed. Had this protest been presented to the military governor of Manila by the protes- tants, the matter complained of might possibly have readily received some satisfactory adjustment, but as it has been submitted direct to the gMVirmiunt of * * as a dec- laration and protest against the action of the United States aiitli .i iins, and received as such bv that government, it becomes a matter requiring niaiiiiv .kliberation. I have thereiu'ic the hnnor t<> invite vuur attention to the statemeni of laci.s contained in this declaiMiiiiii. tlie ((iiiilusioiis whieh protestants have drawn therefrom, and the presen- tation III i:irt- as unrteisidiid l)v the United States authorities here stationed, with their legal c.iiK-liisiDns lirl<'tlv suhniitted. "The ]M(iiesiaiiis c.infctly recite the publication of the otricial circular from the office of tlie Vnile,! States military governor on the -Niilj instant, imt the alleged facts, viz, "that witli tlie exeei.lion of a few, and some ..f them insi-niflcant, ports (and that under certain restrictions which greatly embarrassed trade), the ii. ter-island trade of the Philippines is prohibited," are not warranted. Still, it is possible that this narra- tion was merely intended to be a conclusive summary of facts set up in the indicated circular, and if so, it is only fair to treat them as such, and they may be considered in connection with the remaining conclu.sions which the protest contains and whii-h are "That the principal hemp-producing districts, such as Albay, Sorsogon, Leyte, and Samar, are closed by this circular against Manila trade, involving incalculable loss to * * interest in the Philippines; "That the arbitrary enforcement of vessels OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 433 engaged, being obliged to carry Spanlsli officers only, is a measure almost impossible to fulflU, as vessels are unable to comply therewitb in view of the danger the Spanish offi- cers would be exposed to from the native crews which they carry and the insufficiency of qualitied Spaniards to man the vessels," and further " that if this arbitrary order is enforced it will entail the complete ruin of .Manila liade." The above, independent of the allegations leirarding the business interests of the protestants, comprises, it is believed, all the facts and conclusions which the protest contains. For reply to these several criticisms (although unaccompanied by any expressed opinion upon the right to demand remedial action) I beg to invite your attention to a brief summary of the endeavors made by the United States authorities for the interests of Manila meiebants in the matter of coasting trade, and thereafter to give correct interpretation of the circular which appears to be the object of complaint. Shortly after United states authority had been established in the city of Manila, to wit, August 29th, t be Spanish governor general of the Philippines was approached with a proposition for the reestablishment of inter-island commerce in products of the coun- try. To this that officer responded with a cablegram, of which the inclosed exhibit marked A, is a certified copy. This cablegram was interpreted as follows : "As soon as the port of Manila is open to Spanish ships flying their flag I will order that all the ports in the territories under my command shall immediately admit American ships flying the American flag," etc. ' Thereafter, upon receiving inforjnation from merchants that coasting vessels from this port were not permitted to land at certain of the ports in the N'isayas. tlv attention of the Spanish governor general was called to the fact and he rejilicMl, mi ( iciui.ci- iith, that he would send his chief of staff' to Manila, for conference. .\t tie- lir>i nieiiinu; with that staff' offlcer, upon being invited to explain the action of his cliief in arresting the progress of trade sought to be carried on in accordance with an existing agreement, he replied that his Government had executed the agreement, which only extended to the ports of Iloilo, Cebu, and Zamboanga; Upon being shown the original dispatch from Iloilo, of which Exhibit A is a copy, he replied that the Spanish word " puertos," used therein, embraced only ports of entry, of which the three above named are all the southern islands contain, and that such was the understanding of the Spanish Gov- ernment when the cablegram was sent. To the question why vessels dispatched on or about September 1st were permitted to trade at other ports, he replied in substance that they were not interfered with as it was believed that they were not committing injury. The explanation as to the true signiflcation of the word "puertos" and the expressed intent of the Spanish Government was received in good faith, and endeavors were then made to secure an extention of coasting privileges. As a result, this representative of the Spanish governor general agreed that all ports of the islands at which the authority of Spain was maintained or which were occupied bySpanish troops would be considered as open to all vessels engaged in legitimate cMinineree and flying either the Spanish or American flag, provided officers in eiiamv ..t \ (-.sel-; were of Spanish birth or nationality (they could not trust Filipino crew^ iMcaii.-i ot ilieir synijathies with the insurgents), and "provided the United States military governor would vouch by cablegram at the time of sailing of vessels from Manila that they contained nothing objectional. Upon pressing the representative for further latitude of trade in Spanish possessions he agreed, on behalf of his principal, to add the ports of Yligan, Dumaguete, and Surigao on like conditions, but with the further provi.so that application and consent for vessels to enter them should be previously made and obtained. He was then pressed to include the ports of Calbayog and Carrigarra, but replied that his government had no troops there — only Indian ofHcials — and that it could not guarantee protection or safety to vessels entering the same. Asked, Spanish authority having ceased there, if he would consider that the vessels then had the j'ight to enter, he replied that the ports were in the same condition as those in the island of Luzon, in the possession of the revolution- ary forces, and that the Spanish Government could not be held responsible for any damage to entering vessels which might result. No further concessions were obtainable, as it was said the governor general, under present conditions, was powerless to grant them. Inquiry was made by this office if Spaniards to take charge of vessels could be secured to carry on this trade, and reply was received that they could be secured with- out any difficulty. Thereupon the circular inclosed, marked B, was issued for the infor- mation of all parties concerned, it being considered to contain the best terms in further- ance of the interests of Manila merchants which could be secured at this time. It was drawn up and ratified by the Spanish governor general's representative in order that the Spanish Government might be held to a faithful performance of its obligations. The circular is not understood to be of the nature expressed in the protest. It is viewed as a conces.sion and in no wise as a prohibition on the part of the Spanish Gov- ernment, which is at liberty to close its ports to outside commerce and influences if it elects to do so. .\ goviiinnint almost //( extremis mortis, as certainly the Spanish Gov- ernment in the central Philipiiinc Islands must be considered to be a I pn-int, has the lawful right to shut temporarily all of its ports, whether declared of enti\' or otherwise, and whatever the business interests of outside merchants, be they foreigners or citizens of its domain. This is a declared international right fully accepted. I can not perceive, therefore, that any present action can be adopted to further the interests of the protestants, and accepting in good faith the action of the Spanish author- ities in all previous negotiations, as vouched for by them, and as it is necessary to do in the ab.sence of proof to the contrary. I can not see that there exists jtist cause for com- plaint against the United States authorities. I am still in correspondence in regard to all these matters and may be able to secure more advantageous conditions, although a disinterested party might casually conclude that this vigorous attack on the policy or intention, or possibly the integrity of constituted authority, on the part of resident merchants might tend to diminish future persistent efforts for their welfare. Verv respectfully, ycjiir obedent servant, E. S. Otis, Major General, U. S. V., 28 United States MilUary Governor in the Philippines. 434 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The correspondence was brought to a satisfactory conclusion upon November 8th by the following commuuication : Sir: I linve thp honor to acknowlcflife the receipt of your cominunication of the 4th instant wlifi-iiii you inform this office (liat tlif aclion of cci-taiii piolcstants ( * * sub- lectsresidiim :inil doin- business here) slionhl not he <<'nsl(lrii.(l in any wise as the action of the otficiai ivpivMiuative of their Kovcnuuvni in tliis > iiy fmili^a- ihan his notarial functions air conci rn>d. I am pleased to accept this construction, and shall give the matter no flirt liiT consideration. . As ri'gards tin- parties protestant whose joint and very satisfactory communication you inclosed and is ajjpreciated. I am certain that they will soon be firmly convinced that thf United States autlioriiies liav<' not omitted to make continued effort to advance their business interests m e\ er\- \va\- possilile. It atipcars to me, however, that they have not a lull aopreeiaiion of t lie 'diiiicidl ies wlucli the government of the United States establislied'lieiv liave l,een obli-<'d to contend with. 1 am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis, Major General, U. 8. V., United States Military Governor. The clearance of vessels continued to give annoyance, as the political conditions in the southern islands were constantly changing, and the coasting trade agreement between the Spanish and American officials could not be satisfactorily executed, as correspondence, of which the following communications are copies, clearly indicates : Office United States Military Governor IN THE Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., November 12, 1898. Captain of the Port, Manila, P. I. Sir: I am directed to inform you that the military governor has just received a cablegram from Uoilo, dated the 8th instant, and cabled from Capiz on the Uth instant, of which the following is a translation : " ILOILO, November S, 1898. "Governor General to General Otis, "Military Governor, Manila : "Your telegram of present date received. I order consul, Hongkong, not to send cargo whatever in consideration of what your excellency indicates. I spoke of the affair to the commander of the Charleston." This in response to a telegram from this office, dated November 1, 1898, of which the following is a copy : "Governor General, Iloilo .- "Spanish consul, Hongkong, cleared vessel flying British flag on coasting trade to southern ports, Luzon, thence to Manila. Vessel arrived from Legaspi and has been permitted to enter under protest. This clearance viewed as in violation of agreement. "Otis, " United States Military Governor in the Philippines." Very respectfully, C. H. Murray, Captain, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, Aid. Office United States Military Governor in the Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., November %5, 1898. Captain of the Port, Manila, P. I. Sir: I am directed to return to vou the inclosed letter of Messrs. Smith, Bell & Co., and to sav in rcplv thai, as is well known, a circular was issued from tliis ofliee on October '2(i, isns, aimonncini; tliat under a mutual agreement betwe,.n llie rnited States and Spanish authorities vessels flying either the American or Simnisli flag could be dispatched for Tacloban and other southern ports named, provided due notice by cable was given the governor general at Iloilo that they were engaged in legitimate com- In the case of the vessel of the Compania Martima, the Satvadora, which had a like experience with the vessel Cebii, the militai y yoveiiior Pie- laphed the governor general at Cebu, on the 16th, stating that the \ .-sel had cieared iiuni tliis port October 28th for Iloilo, Cebu, and Tacloban; that the vessel was turned l.acl^ from Cebu and not per- mitted to proceed to Tacloban to the Kivat los> <.t nnichants, as the Cebu authorities reported that they could not permit vessel to en Pi- any jjorts excepting those styled ports of entry. To this cablegram General Rios reiilied as inilows: "Regret what has occurred with steamer s,ilr,i I he eiieei that the goods were (lurchased prior to April i5th, and in case there is no L' nitcd States consular agent at such port then a certificate of a consular agent of Great Britain at such port as the goods were so pur- chased. Very respectfully, your most obedient servant, E. S. Otis, Military Oovernor. Office United States Military Governor in the Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., December 21, 1S9S. Hon. Dr. Fr. Kruger, German Consul, Manila, P. I. Sir: I have the honor to a<-kno\vleril -loth, last, would be received at this port until November 10th under the former Spanish tariff regulations. That order clearly indicates that such merchandi.se received here after the last-named date would be suljject to the .same duties as the goods of all other neutral nations, the United States included. Not\vitli>tanding the instructions contained in this order, goods purchased in Spain by Manila ruorehants which arrived here as late as the present month have been admitted under the conditions expressed in that ordei-, the inercliants showing satisfac- torily that delay in making shipments was lieyond their control. In respect to the entry of these ^oods you say thai ceiiain proofs of purchase in Spain, as regards time and circumstances, which wi re presented by the merchants, have not been accepteil by the <-ollecior of customs. On this point you quote my letter of October 5th, indicatinu the |,i-o,,is it will be necessary for the merchants to furnish, among which was incduded the toUow ing: "A certificate from the rint< d stales consular agent at the Spanish port of shipment to Uie clfect that the goods were purchased prior to April :i5th, and in case there is no 436 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. United States consular agent at such port then the certificate of the consular agent of Great Britain at such port that the goods were so purchased." You state that the merchants interested gave the best proofs thej- could under the circumstances, and that it was impossible to secure the certificate of the British consul at Barcelona (acting for the United States) as to shipment; that under the proof the merchandise has not been admitted as desired. Undoubtedly the customs authorities have acted within the instructions received from this office in demanding a consular certificate, and the subject now becomes a matter for further deliberation and further instructions. Your request is that the col- lector of customs be authorized to return the gaurantees which the merchants had given in order to have the goods passed, and that their affidavits, made betore the Brit- ish consul at Barcelona, be accepted in lieu of the consular certificate which orders have prescribed. The request will receive attention, and you will be informed soon of conclusions reached. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis, Military Governor. After full investigation this application was denied, as were all others of like import which were submitted about this time. In arriving at conclusions, the possibility of purchasing goods in Spain under a continuing contract for purchase, or placing orders for them under an agreement for delivery at some future distant date, was considered, as well as the confiictlng interests of merchants who were stoclicd or had recently pur- chased elsewhere than in Spain, and who antagonized favorable action on the applica- tions. The Spanish prisoiiers gave annoyance and were a menace to public tranquillity and the health of the city. Requests for permission to expatriate them were preferred on several occasions, but such action could not be taken without the consent of both Spain and the United States, since the disposition of the Philippine Islands awaited the result of treaty stipulation. The.se prisoners might yet be needed in the islands by Spain for military service. When Manila capitulated, many of them were ill, and required care- ful attention and special treatment. All the necessary articles and appliances were furnished the Spanish officers with which to bestow the needed care. The prisoners soon commenced to improve in physical condition, but having no employment, indulged too frequently in reprehensible conduct, and were an object of suspicion by our officers, who thought that they would require close restraint should hostilities with the Filipinos ensue. The old antipathy between insurgent and Spanish soldiers, which in the first few weeks of our occupation of the city was intense, and which manifested itself in slight rioting, followed in one instance by the murder of an insurgent officer near one of the gates of the walled city, was gradually disappearing, and Spanish officers and enlisted men began to mingle in friendly intercourse with insurgent troops. No accurate lists of numbers had been made, nor could one be prepared from the rolls of organizations obtainable. Finally, on October 1st, the provost marshal general was directed to make an accurate count of all present. For this purpose he caused the various organizations to form, at the same hour, at the places where they were severally quartered, and had one of his officers with each of the organizations to verify numbers by actual count. This method of verification was repeated on subsequent occasions. Under the terms of the capitulation the Spanish officers, though prisoners of war, were permitted to immediately supervise the affairs of the organizations to which they belonged. In the demoralization which followed the condition of prisoners of war, their authority was greatly diminished ; and the general who was nominally in command of these Spanish forces made formal request to impose, through adequate punishment, a more efficient discipline. This was denied in the following letter : Office United States Military Governor IN THE Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., November 2S, 1898. Gen. Francisco Rizzo, Comvianding Spanish Forces, Manila, P. I. General : Referring to the request made by you a few day since, that officers of the Spanish Armv be permitted and assi-trd to enforce against their men, now prisoners of war, the disciplinary measures oi tin Sjaiiish military code, I have the honor to reply that after mature deliberation on tlic sjk laces of ilomicile of these troops, lliai I iiia.\ aei nnderstandingly with regard to theni. As piisom rs of war, under the artieles oi Caoii nlatlon, they should remain under guard wiihin I lie city and under the immediate supervision of their officers until instructions as to their final dis- position are received from Madrid and Washington. You will therefore please suspend all actions relating to their discharge until I may be able to communicate further with you. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis, Major General, U. S. V., United States Military Governor in the Philippi^ies. Office United States Military Governor IN the Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., December 17, 189S. Division General Francisco Rizzo, Commanding Spanish Forces, Manila, P. I., General : In further response to your letter of the Hth instant, regarding your con- templated action in tlie matter of discliarnini;- S|>anisli native ti-oojjs lield in this city as prisoners of war,I have tlie honor to infoini .\ou that exhaustive iiKiuiry lias been made as to their permanent lioiins ;iiia [n'ssihle conduct should tlie\- lie disciiarged at this time. It has been ascei'tained that a ver\- large number of I hem eaiiie from the southern islands, and that some of them, thougli of Luzon, would he afraid to icturn ro their homes, even if discharged. Those living in the southern islands should he sent there; those of Luzon who are afraid to return to their homes should fie kejit here in .Manila. There are others of these natives who might give trouble in tlie city if disciiarged, and they should be kejit under restraint. All the native in., ip-, therefore, will be continued in their present status as prisoners of war, to remain in restraint under the immediate supervision of their officers until the chief authorities of the dominion of Spain and the United States give final direc- tions as to their disposition. This is in conformity with the articles of capitulation of August 14th, last. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis, Major General, U. S. V., U>iited States Military Governor in the Philippines. 438 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. These natives were subsequently discharged in Manila. Some were taken to a west- ern Luzon province and released, and others were permitted to go from the city in any direction they wished, or to remain in it if they desired. It was subsequently a notice- able fact that they became the most formidable troops in Aguinaldo's array, fought splendidly at Caloocan, where they lost in casualties a large portion of their numbers. About this date Spanish officers, with their families, were arriving in the city from the southern islands. Some of them had been exercising command of native troops, which were disbanded there or had deserted to the enemy, or they were not desired in the Spanish military organizations still retained at the south. They came ostensibly to secure transportation to Spain by vessels plying between Manila and Barcelona. Lingering with us a considerable period, and not knowing their numbers, request was made upon the Spanish authorities for their names and intention, and the further request was made that the United States authorities be notified in future of the fact of the arival of any Spanish officers from southern ports. The United States authorities, after entering Manila, had continued in place the Span- ish officers who had exercised charge of the large city prisons, where about two thousand suspects and convicts were confined. General Hughes, the provost marshal general, who had supervision of these prisons, detected, while inspecting the August and September prison accounts, fraudulent transactions in which these officers were concerned. He thereupon placed them in arrest and submitted the charges of "conspiracy to embezzle public funds in violation of the laws of war," and "embezzlement in violation of the laws of war," when they were brought before a military commission for trial. The result of the court's long and patient investigation, during which the accused officers had the benettt of the best American and Spanish legal advice obtainable, and of their own selection, was the conviction of two of them, and the acquittal of the third upon an admittedly proven alibi. The two who were convicted were each sentenced to pay a fine in "the sum of S2,500 in gold coin of the United States, and to be confined at hard labor in such place of confinement as may be designated by the reviewing authority for a period of three years." The review of the case is in language as follows : In the foregoing case of Carlos Avmerich, Branlio Zorita, and Jose Ruiz, jointly tried by a military coinniission for coiispjiai-y to onbcz/.lc, a iwl 111.' .■inlir/,/.lcinfnl ..f, i.iil)lic funds, the .•oiriuiissinu has adj mli;. ,1 a HiMlinu ni ac<|iiillal as to Call.. > A yUK'iich, .'Vi- dentlyconsi.l.-rini; retain .n i.l.ai..' snhniill.d In il and tch.linu I., c^la l.lisli an alilii as to this ac-cus.'il, as having an inipurluut bearing upon th.' ./asc, t.. 111.' .■xlrnt, at l.'asi, .^f raisinu a r.'asi.nalile doubt as to his participation in tlie oll'enses all.';,'.'.!. In tliis view the rt\i( winu a uthoritv does not concur, believing that the evid.ii. .• of r.c .rd .■..lulu- sivelv i'>ta)>li-h.s t lie criminal responsibility of the said Aynierich J..iMtly wiili tli.' ..th.'i- accused under both charges, and is, therefore, unable t.> coni-nr in th.' lin.iini; . .f acquittal in his case. Orders have already been issu.'il f.>r his r.l.-i^.' l'r..ni .•..nii inan.ni. The findings and sentences adjudge. 1 th.- oIIi.t two a.-.-u-^.i. i., wji, llranlio Zorita and Jose Ruiz, are approved. In view of t h.' e.inlin.nKiil ahfa.l.\- served by tliein and thecireunistan.'.'s snrr.inii.linu this eas.^, .h.an.'.l in .■.•riain respects to justity the exten- sion of el. ■ni.n.'N. lb- .■..iiiiii. in.ad at Iiar.l labor for tiinc years awarded each of these accuse.l is ii'du.'.'.l I'l si\ in..iiilis. As mi I i'^a l.'d, t li.' s.'iitences will by duly executed and so niu.di tlien-.if as r.'lat.'s t.) eonlln.'inent, at F.ilibi.l I'rison. The commission took up the trial of these eases on November 22d last, and gave a long and patient hearing to the voluminous testimony introduced and the lengthy argu- ments of the prosecuting officers and defendants' counsel. The funds which it was charged that the parties had misappropriated accrued previous to the date of United States occupation, but were subsequently covered as expended in the payment of fraud- ulent vouchers manufactured in August and September for services rendered and prop- erty delivered for the benefit of the prisons prior to that date. They therefore belonged to the United States by capture, or promised surrender under the capitulatory articles. The Spanish authorities labored in the interests of the accused, and the date on which they were brought before the military commission the chief of staff of the Spanish gen- eral, who subsequently acted as assistant counsel for one and submitted an able closing argument on the merits, sent in a written apphcation asking that they be remanded to the Spanish authorities for trial, representing that the honor of Spain was involved. He was informed, however, that the United States tribunal, which had been directed to judicially determine the question of their guilt or innocence, had not been ordered until OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 439 after an exhaustive investigation had been made and the justness and expediency of the step carefully considered. The cases were not published until March 13th, after the offenders had been in arrest for six months. Some time thereafter and on April 19th, a petition was presented, headed by his grace the archbishop of Manila and signed by its leading inhabitants, Spanish and foreign mostly, praying for the release of Zorita, though acknowledging the justness of his sentence. He was released on the payment of 82,500 gold, his time of confinement having nearly virtually expired. Ruiz still remains in confinement. No decided effort by friends for the commutation of his sentence has been made. It would be matter for satisfaction if the same action could be applied in his case as in that of Zorita. Another case, that of a Spanish newspaper editor, one Antonio Hidalgo, charged with " publishing and circulating seditious newspaper articles in violation of the laws of war," was brought before a military commission in November last. The accused was found guilty and sentenced " to pay a fine of SoOO in United States gold coin to, and for the use and benefit of, the United States ; that he be placed and kept outside of the lines of the territory now occupied by, and within and under the jurisdiction of, the military forces of the United States, and that the press, type, furniture, material, and all appur- tenances of the printing office of La Voz E-spanola be confiscated and sold for the use and benefit of the United States." The review is as follows : In the foregoing case of Antonio Hidalgo the record discloses that the accused was accorded an impartial trial, his rights having been protected at every stage thereof. The findings are in accord with the evidence, and the sentence, in amount and char- acter of punishment awarded, shows that the commission correctly estimated the crim- inality which, under the conditions existing at the time of their commission, was involved in the offenses which the accused stands convicted. Such a sentence the reviewing authority is reluctant to modify. It appears, however, from facts elicited since the conclusion of the trial that the accused fully appreciates the gravity of the offenses committed by him, and regrets their commission. He has furnished satisfactory proof of previous good character and reputable standing in this community, and has directly and through influential citizens petitioned for clemency. In view of these facts, and in the belief that the example fur- nished by this trial and conviction constitutes sufficient warning that the military gov- ernment here established possesses and will exercise the power necessary to protect itself against libelous :i mi scditimi^ puiilications designed to asperse its character and weaken its authority, ilir r. \i(\> inn authority is pleased to remit so much of the sen- tence as relates to couii M-ai imi of pKjpi rty and to the deportation of the accused beyond the lines now occupied l)y the military forces of the United States. The fine imposed is reduced to S250, gold coin of the United States, the accused to stand committed until such fine is paid; the confinement under this sentence not to exceed three months. As mitigated, the sentence will be duly executed. The fine was paid and Hidalgo released. The trial produced a good deal of excite- ment, both on account of the standing of the accused in the community, his numerous friends among the better citizens, and the novel proceeding. The case was prosecuted for the sake of example and to give warning to the proprietors of other newspapers of the penalties which might be imposed upon them if thej' continued to indulge in abuse and calumny. It has had beneficial effects. This period was one of plotting in the interests of the insurgent cause and men of every nationality appeared to be engaged in questionable enterprises promising indi- vidual gain. Rumors of the purchase and introduction of arms and ammunition at various ports on the Luzon coast were incessant. Admiral Dewey had seized a vessel at Cantagas engaged in this contraband trade, but the cargo had entered the interior. It was an understood fact that money in considerable quantities was being sent to the insurgent junta at Hongkong, which was then presided over, or at least advised, by an American citizen and a British subject. Insurgent delegations departed for Japan and the cities on the Asiatic coast. All this occasioned a mass of correspondence with United States representatives stationed in these countries. Smuggling and illicit trade of a varied character was being actively conducted, and the cunning of the Filipino and the Chinese was difficult to contend with. Insurgent newspapers had been estab- lished in our midst and often indulged in criticisms of the manner in which affairs were being conducted, but were generally busy insinuating that the United States offered 440 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. nothing advantageous to the Filipinos, who had expended so much blood and treasure for their independence. The formerly expressed fear that Spain M-oiild return had given way to the statement that it was the intention of the United States to replace her in the odious domination which she had exercised for centuries. The better class of Filipinos recommended the suppression of these Filipino newspapers, and to my question whether the people believed the statements found in them, replied that they did and were greatly impressed. The editors were warned and became more temperate in their denunciations, even asking assistance to place before the people the true condition of affairs. Able articles were prepared and furnished, at my request, by the well known scientist, Doctor Becker, upon the true theory of government and the probable inten- tion of the United States in Luzon and other islands. They were generally used by these editors as targets for such unfriendly criticisms as their supple and peculiar minds could invent. A sanguinary and venomous article would be followed for three or four successive days by temperate productions favoring L^nited States protection on lines which they were powerless to explain or understand. Questions of grave import were being constantly thrust upon the L'nited States authorities, some having decided international significanee demanding prompt atten- tion. The acting American consul was busy with political and commercial problems, among which were those relating to the acquisition of citizenship or the participation by foreign vessels in the inter-island trade. On December 9th he was informed of a decision which had shortly before been rendered and expressed in the following terms: The effect of section 8, article 1, of the Constitution of the United States, and legisla- tion by Congress thereunder, is to vest the exclusive power of conferring citizenship by naturalization in Congress. This power is not shared by State or Territorial govern- ments, nor by military governments established by the L^nited States in the exercise of its war power. In establishing rules on the subject, Congress has provided among other conditions upon which citizenship will be conferred upon aliens, excepting those having service in the Army or Navy, a previous residence of five years within the territorial limits of the United States. It is very clear that this condition has not been complied with by the within-named applicant. United States citizenship may also result from (1) completed conquest and incorpora- tion of territory, and (2) from treaty. No act of the individual in the former case is necessary other than election to become a citizen, usually manifested by continued domicile within the territory conquered and incorporated. In the latter case it is necessary only for the individual to comply with the conditions that the treaty may establish. Until negotiations have proceeded further it is impossible to determine whether the within applicant can avail himself of either of these methods. Applications for citizenship can not be acted upon at the present lime ; they could mei'ely be received and filed. To his inquiry with regard to coasting trade privileges he was informed by communi- cation as follows : In i-eply to your note of yesterday with inclosure, I am directed to state that the inclosure granting the permission of the Spanish Government to do certain acts as therein explained was given July 5th last, prior to L'nited States occupation of the city and harbor of Manila, and under conditions, both in this i-espectand in so far as the out- side ports of Luzon are concerned, which have materially changed. Since that time certain agreements have been entered into between the representa- tives of the United States and Spain which the action contemplated in the inclosure would violate, and hence can not now be carried into execution. Vessels can not be cleared from this port for inter-island ports, under the Norwegian flag. As regards the tobacco now in the upper country, it can be brought to this port by vessels of the Maritime Company, sailing under the American flag. That company has two vessels engaged in tliis trade which will be able to bring in all the tobacco grown in the upper provinces, and at uniform transportation rates to all owners concerned. The Venus, now due here, will sail in about four days for Aparri, and the Sotin-ini.s. now en voyage for that port, will soon be here, and as soon as she can unload will return. Information has been obtained that the whole tobacco crop can be moved by these two vessels and in sufficient time to prevent injury to the crops. Your inclosure is herewith returned. The sphere of United States action in the Philippines was now about to be enlarged. During the last interview with General Rios's staff officer on the subject of inter-island trade, alluded to in a former portion of this report, he submitted a proposition for the relief of the Spanish garrison at Iloilo by our troops, saying that General Rios would be pleased to turn that city over to the United States authorities and withdraw to Zam- boanga. The proposition was discussed, but immediate action was not considered OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 441 practicable, and he was requested to convey to the general our appreciation of his offer and report that permission would be sought to accept it as soon as the Paris treaty negotiations indicated iinmistalsably that the United States would succeed to the government of the islands. About December 13th a petition was received, signed by tbe business men and firms of Iloilo, asking for American protection there. On Decem- ber 14th I cabled to Washington the following: Bankers and merchants with business houses at Iloilo petition American protection at Iloilo. Spanish authorities are still holding out, but will receive United States troops. Insurgents reported favorable to American annexation. Can send troops. Shall any action be taken ? No response was received until the 19th of that month, when I was informed that the President and Secretary of War were absent from Washington, and that consideration of my question would await their return, which would be shortly. Appreciating the great desirability of securing possession of this city, the second of the Philippines in importance, I was anxious to receive an atflrmative answer to my cable question of the 14th instant. It was i-eported that the Spanish troops were hard pressed by the insur- gents, who had made an attack a few days previous, declaring that they would capture the town before the arrival of the Americans. It was also stated that the attack had been repulsed, with a loss to the insurgents of three hundred men. The petition for protection which had been submitted by the business men appeared to me to furnish sutHcient ground upon which to base intervention in their behalf, inde- pendent of specific instructions from Washington, and I therefore, in conference with Admiral Dewey, asked that one of his war vessels convoy troops which I meditated sending to Iloilo at once. This the Admiral thought it not wise to do, as we were await- ing authority which had already been sought, and furthermore that he was of the opin- ion General Rios would hold out. I shared with him this latter conviction and awaited directions. On December 23d the following dispatch was received : Washington, December 23, 1S9S. Otis, Manila: Answering your message, December 14th, the President directs that you send neces- sary troops to Iloilo, to preserve the peace and protect life and property. It is most important that there should be no conflict with the insurgents. Be conciliatory, but firm. By order of the Secretary of War. These instructions were conveyed to Admiral Dewey and I cabled the following : Manila, December 23, 1S98. General Rios, Governor General Philippine Islands, Iloilo, Panay. A considerable United States force. Army and Navy, will leave Manila in two or three days, and its commanding general is ordered to confer with you at Iloilo. Otis, United States Military Governor. This message was sent to Capiz, a northern point of the island of Panay, then the terminus of the cable, whence messages were telegraphed overland to Iloilo before the insurgents had destroyed the land lines. Cable messages were sent subsequently by special gunboats which reported for them at short intervals. The next morning the superintendent of the cable company surprised me with the information that two gun- boats arrived at Capiz the day before, collected all telegrams, and left for Iloilo at 5.35 p. 31.; that my dispatch did not reach the cable office there till 5.50 p. m.: that the cable operator reported that General Rios would leave Iloilo with all Spaniards for Lambagan the afternoon of the 24th, and would go to Manila by the end of the month. Efforts were immediately made to communicate by other means with General Rios before he could evacuate the city. A coasting vessel was secured, with which Lieutenant Colonel Potter, of the Engineer Corps, was directed to proceed, and if possible communicate in person with General Rios, requesting that he continue in possession of the city until the arrival of our troops. Colonel Potter departed on his mission that night and nothing 442 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. was heard from him until the morning of the 28th, when he returned. He reported that General Rio.s had evacuated on the evening of the 24th, thirty-nine hours before his arrival ; that he found the insurgents in possession of the city ; that he had landed and held an interview with the consul for Great Britain, and that the town was quiet, Aguinaldo's flag flying, and that he could not reach any conclusions as to the probable results of General Miller's arrival; that he saw the latter on the evening of the 27th and reported to him fully the situation as he had found it. On the morning of the 27th I telegraphed Admiral Dewey, at Cavite, as follows : Nothing from Colonel Potter. Capiz reports having seen vessel offshore last evening and thinks that possibly insurgent authorities there would not permit landing. If Pot^ ter remains at Hollo, Rios still holds out. Should he arrive here within the next twelve hours, Rios has evacuated. I thereafter telegraphed Admiral Dewey the substance of two dispatches as soon as delivered, which were as follows : ILOILO, December 21,. Treaty of Paris signed ; my Government orders me to go to Manila, where I shall arrive atend of month, and in accordance with your excellency will hasten repatriation. General Rios. Also, Steamer wliich arrived yesterday at Capiz is Spanish gunboat Elcano. Hollo evacu- ated on the 24th. This last message was received from the cable company. I also telegraphed the Admiral that " Colonel Potter not having reported, I am inclined to think that Span- iards still hold Hollo." I then cabled the following : Adjutant General, Washington : Iloilo expedition left last night. Roi>cirti(l tluit Spanish forces evacuated 24th instant. Report not confirmed. General Miller Hilly iusti udcd as to action whether Spanish forces there or not. Action to acc<>i>l liilly with I'resident's directions. Will cable results as soon as possible. Expedition sliould reach Iloilo to-morrow morning. As soon as Colonel Potter had received instructions to proceed, as above indicated, the following was Issued : General Okdeks, ) Headquaiiters Department Pacific No. 39. j AND Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. J., December 2U, 1898. I.— Brig. Gen. ^Marcus P. Miller, U. S. V., is assigned to the command of the follow- ing-named troops, viz: Light Lath rv G, Sixth U. S. Artillery. Eighteenth T. S. Infantry. Fifty-iirst Iowa Infantry. And will proceed with them to Iloilo, island of Panay, by transports Newport, Ari- zona, s,ud Pennsylvania, under such naval escort as the rear admiral commanding the Asiatic squadion may furnish him, and there execute the special instructions he will receive from these headquarters. The troops will constitute a separate brigade within the meaning of the Seventy- third Article of War, to be known and designated as the First Separate Brigade of the Eighth Army Corps. They will be equipped and supplied as orders already and here- after to be issued indicate. The following-named officers will constitute the staff of the First Separate Brigade of the Eighth Army Corps : First Lieut. C. G. Woodward, Third U. S. Artillery, aid, acting assistant adjutant general. Capt. Jolin B. Jeflterey, U. S. V., quartermaster. Capt. C. R. KrauthofT, commissary of subsistence, U. S. V., commissary. Maj. E. R. Morris, brigade surgeon, U. S. V., chief surgeon. By command of Major General Otis. Thomas H. Barry, As.iistant Adjutant General. General Miller and the Iowa regiment of volunteers had recently arrived. The regi- ment remained on the transport prepared for departure. Light Battery G, Sixth Regi- ment U. S. Artillery and the Eighteenth Infantry had been directed to hold themselves in readiness for this expected service. Carefully prepared instructions were then issued, of which the following is a copy : OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 443 Office United States Military Governor, Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I., December •:!/,, ]S98. Biis. Gen. Marcus P. Miller, U. S. v., Commanding Flrsl Separate Brigade, KigJdIi Army Corps. Sir: In obedieiK-c lo tlic instriictii)n> ol' llic I'residfnt of the Inilid States, dated the 23d instant, directing iliai tnicii^ !»■ >.cnt to Iloilo, island of I'anay, ihnv "to pre- serve tlie peace tuid proli'fl lite and propnly," yonreoninuuid has Ijrcn s,lc<-ted for this duty and lias been ordered to depart tlicrclor on Monday next, tLie -liJlLi instant. fbose instructions contain tlie following cautionary language : "It is most important that there should be no conflict with the insurgents. Be con- ciliatorv, but firm." Wlien tltcv were given it was supposed that the Spanish forces in Iloilo and in con- flict with the insurgent inhaliitants of tin' island would r^'lain Ihcir liol.i of the city until (he airival of United States troops, when they would Iraii-ffi- all authority to the latter and pi'a<-eal)ly cxacuate. From cable dis()atclics received ihis morning from northern Panay, it is feared that t!ie Spanish troops may surrender the city to the insuii;iiits fx i<'>re \(iur- arrival, in which event your duties will become more compli- cated and will lecjuire di'lieale and skillful action for successful prosecution. However, everv jiossihle pret-autionary measure has been taken to retain Spanish forces there. Yest'erday a telegram was sent to northern Panay, the limit of lelcKraphic eommnnica- tion Willi Iloilo,"advising the commanding -cntTal of those forces of yoiu- <'arly depart- ure for that port, and this evening a fast vessel will be dispatched carrying the same information, but it is possible that these measures may fail to accomplish desired ivsults. In the event of your arrival at Iloilo prior to the departure of the Spanish troops therefrom, you will communicate with their commanding general, inviting him, in accordance with an existing mutual understanding, to then remove his forces, to permit you to take formal possession of the city and thereupon with his consent you will pro- ceed to occupy the same with your command. If, on the contrary, you find the city to be in the possession of the insurgents, you will proceed with great caution, avoiding all manifestation of mediated forcible action and undue display of force. You will place yourself in communication with the insurgent authorities thn>ugh the represeuiative men of Iloilo, whom \'ou will take from Manila witli you on your voyage, w ho will use their best endeaxois io bring to a successful determination any difflcnliies wiiieh may present lliemselves. You will make known to the inhabitants the purpose of t ln' Inited States, which, having succeeded to all the riglits of Spain in the Philii>pine Islands, under treal\- stipulations following con(iuest in the Eastern and Western liemispheres, intends to e'siahlish anions; them anellicii.nt and most stable form of government which shall fully pi-ofcci them in all lh>'ir jirivate interests and liberties, in which they shall have representation, ami wliich will -eeui-e foi- them increasing and abundant pros- perity. As the slight jiroof of yoiu- declared intention, .x'ou will release unto them the Spanish native sokliei-s seni heie h\ the Spanish <;overnment, who, through the eftbrts of the United States authorities, will he retni-ned to their- iiom(>s in Panay, who will accompany you and who are graleful foi' the superxision which those authorities have exercised over them, '^'on \\ill lind the repre^enlal i \ e people ol Iloilo a superior class and amenable to reason, and it is bi'lu'ved that they will place conlldence in the faith and good intentii>ns of the United Stales and will accord yon a most favorable recep- tion No midne haste will be made and the rights ot your (iovernment will be fully niadi' known and insisted upon. Contlict between troops will be avoided unless it becomes neci'ssary for defense. Should \'>\\ be ahl<' toetiect a landing as a result of your negotiations .vbu will disembaik onl.\ a snilicient i)ortion of your command to subserve iiresi'Ut purposes — the n.-maimler being held on tra nsp-n-ts awaiting lurfher instructions. Should you not be able to ellei-t a landing wilhonf contlict, you will bold your forces on your transports in the vicinity of Iloilo and await further directions from these headquarters. Hut in all these matters you must be governed lo a great extent by your own good .i ndgment after a careful deliberation upon conditions, having in view the instructions of the President of the United States to avoid armed repression. The government which you are called upon to establish at Iloilo will be one of mili- tary occupation. Upon taking possession it will be your duty to issue an order pro- claiming such a government within the territory occupied or controlled by United States forces under your command. The municipal laws of the territoi-y occupied, such as afTect pri\-ate rights of persons and property and provide for the punishment of crime, are to he considered as continuing in force so far as compatible with the new order of things, unless susjiended or supeiseded by proiier military authority. The judges and other olticials connected with the administration of these laws may, if they accept tlie authority of the United States, continue to admini-ier the ordinary law of the land as between man and man, but under tla- super\ision ol' the -aid military authorities. The local courts thus continued in power shall not, however, exercise jurisdiction over any crime or ortense committed by any person belonging to the Arm.y of the United States, or any retainer of the Army, or person serving with it, or any person furnishing or transporting army supplies, nor over any crime or offense com- mitted on either of the same by any inhabitant or temporary resident of said territory. In such cases, except when courts-martial liave cognizance, jurisdiction to trj' and punish is vested in military commissions and provost courts which will be convened (by you) from time to time as occasion may require. For the purpose of providing for the prompt punishment of crime in cases where the civil courts may fail, from whatever cau.se, the military commissions and provost courts will, in addition to the exercise of powers above indicated, be vested with juris- diction concurrent with the civil courts to hear and determine all crimes and olien.ses committed by inhabitants or temporary residents within tlie limits of United States occupation. Of these crimes and offenses, those which are capital and such others as you may desire to refer to it will be brought to trial before the military commission, 444 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. aud those which are not capital, which may be adequately punished with the punish- ing powers of provost courts, may be referred to them for trial. Trials by civil courts however, will be preferred where there is satisfactory reason to believe that justice will be done. In all sentences imposed by military commissions and provost courts the punish- ments awarded shall conform, as far as possible, in character and degree to the laws of the United States, or of either of the States, or to the customs of war. The proceedings of military commissions after being acted upon by you will be forwarded to these head- quarters for the action of the commanding general. The punishment awarded by provost courts shall not exceed confinement, with or without hard labor, for a period of one year, or a flne of 81,000, or both. The sentences of these courts do not require approval, but may be mitigated or remitted by you. Copies of orders on these subjects the provisions of which control the action of the military courts established in this city, will be furnished you for your information and guidance and for application under conditions similar to those prevailing here. It will be necessary for you to create a government for the determination of city affairs under the direct supervision of a provost marshal, to appoint officers and assist- ants for the collection and care of revenue, and to conduct postal affairs. The customs regulations in force here will be applied by you at Iloilo, and an officer connected there- with has been directed to report to you for appointment as collector of customs, who will be provided with copies of all customs resulations and the necessary blank forms. You will be furnished with the requisite assistants, thorousrhly supplied, to establish upon your arrival all necessary mail facilities, and von willapply in this department the postal laws of the United States (xoveinment. Iloilo is an important point of inii y, and to secure competent aid for dutv in connec- tion with the port you will consult ( aptain Dyer of the Navy, commanding officer of the Baltimore, which eticortaynur transports, who has a thorough practical acquaint- ance with such matters. In establishing your administration you will consult various orders and regulations governing all these subjects at this port — making your actions conform thereto in all essential particulars. No further instruction can be given you. Much must depend upon your tact aud discretion and your ability to meet varying circumstances as they arise. However, should you fail to secure a peaceable entry into the city, you will report fully your proceedings to these headquarters request further instructions. By command of Major General Otis. Thomas H. Barry. Assistant Adjutant General. On the evening of General Miller's departure the following was also furnished him : Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, ^ Manila, P. I., December 26, 1S98. Brig. Gen. M. P. Milj.er, U. S. V., > . . Commanding First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps. Sir: 1 am dircctrd by the major general commanding to furnish vou with the fol- lowing iiistrui-tio!! - : In casr the Spimivii forces have evacuated Iloilo, you will, on approaching that city, keep your transports Arizona and P''nuxii/ra„ia well to the rear aud beyond the view of the inhabitants of Iloilo, and you wiil tak.- inio fiie Iloilo waters vour naval escorts, the BaUi7nore and Callao, and the trans|ioi i \ , ... 1 r,iio7i, on which are the native Spanish troops, with your vessel, the Neivpori. \' nw will make known to the insurgent authori- ties the object of bringing the large foive witli you, which is, viz : To take po.ssession of other ports in the islands, if conditions and circumstances are favorable, but that it may be necessary to keep troops at Iloilo until definite instructions concerning other ports of the islands are received from Washington. Very respectfully, Thomas H. Barry, Assistant Adjutant Oeneral. General Miller, in command, escorted by the United States steamship Baltimore, .sailed on the evening of the 26th, and as Colonel Potter did not return until the morn- ing of the 28th, we were without any information for thirty-six hours. In the mean time reports were brought that Aguinaldo had expressed satisfaction with the situation, as fighting would certainly commence at Iloilo upon the landing of our troops, which would excite the natives in Luzon to active hostilities. He had issued orders, it was intimated, to oppose lauding, but feared that a considerable force of Tagalos sent there would not be in time to participate. It was afterwards learned that these special insur- gent troops did not reach Panay until December 29th. In the foregoing instrustions mention is made of representative men of Iloilo and Spanish native soldiers, whom General Miller was directed to take with him, the first to assist in making the object of the United States known and the latter in proof of good intentions. The .soldiers referred to were sent by General Rios to Manila for dis- charge from the Spanish military service, without permission or warning. Thej^ were about two hundred of a lot numbering six or .seven hundred, and were Visayans belonging mostly to Panay, while the remainder were Tagalos. They were discharged OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 445 upon arrival in the harbor, though not paid ofl; as the Spanish authorities pleaded lack of sufficient public funds, and request was submitted to permit them to land in thecity. After much deliberation, it was decided to land such of them as desired to remain in Luzon on the northern shore of Manila Bay, and to send to Panay those who desired to go south. The two hundred, who were accompanied by their families, elected to go south. They were placed upon a Government transport, rationed, each given a small amount of money from the public funds, and departed for their homes with General Miller's command. The representative business men had come up from Iloilo a short time before for the purpose, as they asserted, of arranging matters with the Americans so that there might be a peaceful solution of affairs. They were introduced by some of the native citizens in whom confldence was placed, and expressed themselves as desir- ous of having the United States troops go to Iloilo, and to accompany them in order that they might prevail upon the people to receive them without opposition. These men were intelligent and apparently very much in earnest, and General Miller, who was present at the last conference, shared fully my opinion as to their honesty. He took them with him on his own transport and gave the best accommodations the vessel offered, free of charge. Upon arrival at Iloilo, he sent them into the city to prepare the way for him and they were seen no more. He landed the discharged native soldiers on the Panay coast, and it is believed that they joined the insurgent ranks without taking much time for consideration. It was subsequently ascertained that while temporarily sojourning in Manila one of these representative men quietly visited Malolos, and received Aguiualdo's orders, which he carried with him to his people. Lieutenant Colonel Potter, when returning from Iloilo, had met the command of General Miller and had reported the situation to him when some distance north, off the Panay coast. Upon receiving his report, and being ignorant of General Miller's move- nients, I returned him at once with the following instructions : Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I., December 2S, ISyS. Brig. Gen. Marcus P. Miller, U. S. V., Commanding First Separate Bric/ade, Ehfhtli Army Corps, Iloilo, P. I. Sir: Lieutenant Colonel Polin- has Jn ~i :ini\(d and reported the situation at Iloilo. He reports the evacuation by tlic S|,;iujsli f.M< rs, and that the insurgents are in full pos- session ; he further reports thai llms, mil limitics were anticipating your arrival, and that then- was a widely prevailing sontinicnt in I he city in favor of receiving your forces witliout ri'sisiance. All of this, (Oldnel Pottir informed me, he made known to j'ou when he consulted you yesterday on liis ivtnrn trip. To meet this state of affairs your inst iiu-tions need modification, although it is believed vou will sra^P the situation as piescnicd ;ind he governed by conditions. Your instructions hid vou to he conciliatory but tiiin, ami. further, that you will not make any great display of force, but seek to gain i)()ssrssion of the city through peaceable negotiations, not exercising undue haste ; that should you fail to secure a peaceable entry into the city you will report fully your proceedings to these headquarters and request further instructions. By firmness and conciliatory action it is believed that you will be able to land your force without conflict, but you will make as strong a display of the same as possible, landing them and taking possession of the city t'or- iKis^il.lc means of conciliation, and still I am not of the belief that the expedition can !>(■ ntuiiK'd. Better that we leave the war vessel and a small force to confront Iloilo and M-adti- tiie force to other ports in the southern islands, where troops are very much needed at the present time. You will therefore inform General Miller to be governed by these views as nearly as possible. I will try and send further information in regard to the condition of the islands to-morrow or next day. Notwithstanding all this, I still hold to my view that Iloilo must be taken. Very respectfully, E. S. Otis, Major General, V. S. V., Commanding. Lieutenant Colonel Potter sailed as soon as he had received these instructions. I then cabled to the Adjutant General of the Army such information as I had obtained from Iloilo, adding in my dispatch that I could not arrive at conclusions as to results, and would not hear from there for four days, as cable communication had been destroyed ; the Spanish forces had evacuated all stations in the .southern islands, except Zambo- anga, by orders, as they asserted, from Madrid. On December 30th I cabled Washington that — All niililary siati.^us out-^ide of Luzon, with tlie ex i-i i iilialiitanis, who may be dr:iitei,.i at present. Great inaJoritNof men of property desire annextion, others seek lersunal advancement and i>liin.lei-, and promises of which hold insurgents together, but already much dissatisfaeti .n in ranks and conflicts with inhab- itants in middle provinces. Will report furt lier in a lew days. Am in consultation with Admiral Dewey, now engaged in effort to st^iM -liipiMents of insurgent arms from China and Japan through meditated seizure. We will pmliably send another force south within a short time. General Miller's first report was received at these headquarters on the morning of December 30th, and was as follows : Headquarters First Bric4ade, Eighth Army Corps, On Board Transport Newport, Iloilo Harbor, P. I., December -28, lS9S — $ p.m. Adjutant General, Department of the Pacific nnd Kiijhth Army Corps. Sir: I have the honor to report that niycummand arrived in the harbor of Iloilo about 10 a. m. to-day. The Ari-.inm and I'ennxyliyniin were left at Point Luzaron, thirty miles away. The Baltimore and Xticiturt anchored oft' the city. An aid of the commandinii general, ^Martin Delgado, immediately reported aboard my ship. I gave him an intei\ iew. He reported that the commanding general desired to know "if we had anytliing against them — were we going to interfere with thetn .'" I informed him that I had written a letter stating to his eommanding oftieer and the peoiile of HmiIo tlie nliject of my visit, and would send the letter over. .Veeordingly, Lient. ,M. K. Haiiiill. Third Artillery, and two volunteer aids and the (•nmmissiil<' nngndc. The following is a copy of the inclosure referred to in the above communicatKjn : Headquarters First Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, On Board Transport Newport, Iloilo Harbor, P. I., December -38, 1S9S. Commanding Officer of the Troops at Ii.oilo, Island of Panay, AND THE People of Iloilo and the Island of Panay : The troops under my command appeared here under an order of the President of the United States of America promulgated by Major General Otis, commanding all of the troops of the United States in the Philippine Islands. It is accompanied by the United States naval ship Baltimore, sent by Admiral Dewey, commanding the United States squadron in these Asiatic waters. ^^^ . When these orders were communicated to me it was supposed that the troops ot Spain were still in possession ot' Ilnilo. and that the transfer of possession and governmental authority would he li\- ilicm t<> iciniscn lativcs ni' iht.' Government of the United States, which has sii.-orcd.Mrhv virtu. -.it ciiii.|ii,sr -ui.pl''. united by treaty stipulatiou.s, to all the rights heretofore exercised l)ySi.a.in in the-,.' islands. Upon arrival I And that the city of Iloilo is in the reported possession of native troops. The intention of this letter is to place mvself in communication with those now exercising authority at Iloilo, with the view to the accomplishment of my mission to this place as above indicated. This communication will be handed you by my aid, Lieut. M. K. Barroll, Third Artillery, who is accompanied by four gentlemen, former residents of Iloilo, who will make known to you more in detail the purposes of the presence of my command at this There accompany my command on the steamship Union certain Spanish soldiers, natives of the island of Panay, whom it is my purpose, at a later date, to release with the privilege of returning to their homes, an act which it is hoped will be interpreted as an evidence of the good will of the major general commanding in the Philippines, under whose orders I am acting. I shall be pleased to receive a call from representatives of tho.se to whom this com- munication is addressed on board the transport Newport at as early an hour as your convenience will allow. ^ ^, Very respectfully, M. P. Miller, Brigadier General, U. 8. v., Commanding First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps. General Miller's second report, dated December 30th, and forwarded by a merchant vessel, is as follows : Headquarters First Separate Brigade, On Board Transport Newport, Iloilo Harbor, P. I., December 30, isys. Adjutant General Department of the Pacific and i:i(;i£tii Army Corps: Sir: I want to report that a committee of people havini; cix il control of the city of Iloilo and claiming also control of the island, met me heiv .\. -teiilay at (> p. m., and astain claimed that thev could not turn over the coniiol ,,r lloit., i,, n.y coininand with- out consnltiiiK Aguinaldo. Should they am-.,. I,. do ir t lieir lives and projxTty would be in danirer. After a long fcilk, settint; fortli llie intention o|-,>ur ( ii>yeriiinent, exi-laining the kind of government, and reading to them extracts of your letter of instructions in reference to the same matter, I told them there was no time to consult Aguinaldo, and 448 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ray demand was that the President of the United States, as successor to the rights of Spain in these islands, required them to turn over the control of the city of Uoilo. I then asked them directly : -'Sliould we land, would you meet us with armed resist- ance?" They could not answer that question. I asked them if they would not have their troops march out of the city and permit us, their friends, to move in without resistance to-morrow, the 31st instant. They requested time to consult with the com- mittee that they represented, promising to return with a definite reply at noon, Decem- ber 30th (to-day). Lieutenant Colonel Potter, corps engineer, arrived here yesterday evening with a letter of instructions from you to me. It is my intention to land troops in twenty-four hours, after having served notice on the foreign consuls of the city and the people to that eftect. The estimate of armed native troops to-day is 3,500, who are said to be massed in the city and at Jaro and Molo, and six or seven thousand from the mountains armed with bolos, who are massed at the same places. I think I should have the Twentieth Kansas Regiment sent to me as soon as pos-sible; 20,000 rounds of .45 calibre ammunition for Galling guns should be supplied. Two field mortars (3.6 inches), with equipments and supply of ammunition, should be sent to me at once. I forward this communication by the steamer Union. M. P. Miller, Brigadier Genera!, U. S. V., Commanding Brigade. General Miller's next report is dated December 31st, and was received on January 2d. It is as follows : Headquarters Separate BRiG.\Df:, Iloilo Harbor, P. I., December 30, 189S. Commanding General Department of the Pacific, Manila, P. I. Sir: I have just concluded second conference with commission representing the native government at Iloilo. They submitted a communication, copy inclosed here- with : This communication was supplemented by verbal statements that if we insisted on landing our troops, but without arms and as friends, they could not answer for the attitude of the people, but that the army would endeavor to restrain the people. If we landed in force they would not answer for attitude of either army or people. This means, plainly, armed resistance to our landing. A large number of native troops have been brought to the city within the past thirty- six hours. Best estimate, 12,000, 2,500 of which are armed with riilcs, the remainder being armed with bolos only. Their ammunition supply reported limited. The situation is further complicated ijy petition of Iloilo merchants, representing the larger part of mercantile interests then . coi^y of wliicli find herewith. I understand. General, that it was :ii tin- icnic-^t of many of the parties signing this petition for protection of life and prdjn n y ,it Iloilo that this expedition was organized and dispatched to this point; that tlnir innitst was largely its justification. Their present attitude contradicts their previous petition in a measure, and as Uw situation, if forced by me by a landing of Linited States troops, prom i.ses gi-eat loss of life among noncoinbatants and destruction of private property at Iloilo, I have deemed it best to delay compliance with my orders for a sufl3cient time to communicate the above information to you and receive your instructions. I am further infiuenced to this delay because of the fact that before making the formidable attack upon Iloilo now necessary, it would be incumbent upon me to give the usual notice looking to the removal of non- combatants to points of safety. I entertain no doubt of my ability to take and hold Iloilo with mj' present force, but in view of excitement prevailing among inhabitants of the city and island as reported to me, and the large number of people assembled in the city, it might be prudent to send an additional regiment to this point. Two steam launches suitable for towing rowboats for use in landing troops are much needed. Very respectfully, M. P. Miller, Brigadier General Commanding. The inclosure reads : (Translation of the letter from President Lopez, of the federal government of Bisayas, to General Miller.) General : Upon the return of your commissioners last night we determined and dis - cussed in a definite manner the situation and the attitude of this reason of Bisayas, i n regard to its relations and dependence upon the central government of Luzon ; and in view of what these commissioners have manifested, I have the honor to notify you that, in conjunction with the people, the army, and committee, we insist upon our pretension not to consent, in our present situation, to any foreign interference without express orders from the central government of Luzon, upon which we state once more that we depend, and with which we are one in ideas, as we have been until now in .sacrifices. Therefore, if you insist on your side upon disembarking your forces, this is our final attitude. May God give you, etc. R. Lopez, Iloilo, December 30, 1898. President. To General Miller. Vice Secretary. The petition of merchants bore the signatures of the leading business men of Iloilo, was of date December 29th, and read as follows : OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 449 General Miller, Coinmanding United States Forces, Iloilo Bay : We, the undersigned merchants of Iloilo, beg you to take into consideration our large interests and the probable result of a conflict with the natives, which in our belief would seriously prejudice and harm the trade of these islands for years to come. We ask you to consider the orders they have received from their chief, Aguinaldo, of Malolos. General Miller further reported on same date (probably a later hour of the day) that the situation remained unchanged, except it was rumored that two hundred armed men arrived at Iloilo from Negros. He continued : I this morning reiiuested the commanding oflicer of thr Jia/fimnre, it'<-onipatible with his instructions, to take such measures as he deemed uecis-ai y ici piwint the entrance of vessels carrying armed men into tlie lUnUt Uiver. He Im [.piniMl in ai'lcr I got my letter written, and I brought the subject up. Orally be inlornud uw liiat he had no right to do this ; that under his instructions he does not feel authorized to commence ijie attack, and acts in defense of our cxpeilition onlv. The insurgents have occupied an old star tori at the point of the peninsula, the site of Iloilo, the fire of which sweeps beaches on which we propose to land. My troops have got to commence the attack ; I therefore shall put a mountain and gatllng gun in boats and open fire on their fort and a storehouse near it filled with troops, at 2,500 vards, thus inviting the captain of the Baltimore to help defend us by attacking the enemy to the best eftect. We are aware that on the successful accomplisliment of this contest depends the future speedy yielding of insurrectionary niovenienis in the islands. The insurgents raised their flag over the fort this morning. Tlie action as above entitled will be con- tingent on future instructions to be received from the department commander. Very respectfully, M. P. Miller, Brigadier General, U. 8. A. The excitement in Manila and Malolos over this Iloilo afl'alr became rapidly more intense and manifested itself in unmistakable signs of danger to the still languishing peace should an attack be made by our troops upon that city. Agulnaldo's government was now in full possession of very radical men, the majority of whom desired war in any event, and it was in a great measure dominated by his army. These men desired some immediate action on the part of the United States by which they might be able to arouse the opposition of the inhabitants against its troops, and anticipated hostilities at Iloilo appeared to them to oflfer the desired material. I had also incidentally heard from Iloilo that General Miller would probably meet with insurgent opposition should he attempt to make a landing there. Knowing the great desire of the United States Government to maintain peace by all honorable means, maturely considering the situation in Luzon which had been so quickly devel- oped, meditating the transfer later of more troops to Iloilo when the unnatural excite- ment should be allayed, and an opportunity presenting itself to communicate with General Miller by a British man-of-war, whose captain courteously offered to take any message I might desire to send, I sent on the evening of December 29th the following hastily prepared communication : Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, Manila., P. I., December 29, 189S. Brig. Gen. Marcus P. Miller, U. S. V., Commanding First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, Iloilo, Panay. Sir : This will be delivered to you by Captain Montgomery, of the British navy, who leaves for Iloilo in the morning I enclose copy of our translation of a cablegram received to-day in eiplur, tnmi wiilch you will understand the position and policy of our Government toward i h(-c i-,|ands. Do not be in haste witli ,\(.ui m-otiations for the surrender of the city. Should there be strong and very decided opiiosilion to your entry, backed by considerable force, do not be in haste. It will not do to bombard the city, nor will it do to let the natives loot and burn it. Foreigners have large possessions there and a great deal ol money in the banks. You can remain in the harbor with your force. If you meet with decided or strong opposition, await there further instructions, and if necessary I can direct a por- tion of your force to other ports in the southern islands, where you will not meet much, if any, opposition. I trust in your discretion. Very truly, yours, E. S. Otis, Major General, U. S. V., Commanding. I contemplated at the time the sending of the First California Volunteers to the southern waters as soon as conditions at Manila would justify the weakening of the military force here, and immediately directed that regiment to be put in readiness for 29 propc newn 450 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. embarkation. It was placed on board five small merchant vessels preparatory to sail- ing at any directed moment, was retained thereon for several days, when Luzon affairs indicating that it might be required for use in Manila in a short time it was returned to its former barracks. The cablegram referred to in the above letter to General xMiller was the proclamation of the President received in cipher. The translation was completed about an hour before the letter was written, and was transmitted to General Miller to inform him of the policy which the Government intended to pursue. Neither its contents nor feasi- bility of immediate issue had been carefully considered. No direction for its publica- tion had been given and it was not supposed that it would be proclaimed at Iloilo. The general, however, under the impression that it had been transmitted for publication, issued it very soon after it was received, and in his letter of January 6th informed me as follows : Three days ago I sent to the governing committee (R. Lopez, president,) a copy of the letter of instructions of the President, and asked that they permit the entry of my ti"oops No answer has been received, and I expect none. I had copies of the Presi- dent's instructions translated into Spanish and distributed to the people in various ways, and am informed that the people laugh at it: The insurgents call us cowards, and are fortifying the old fort at the point of the peninsula, and are mounting old smooth-bore gnnsloft liv Uw Spnniaids. They arc intrenching everywhere, are bent on having one fight, and aVr <•. ,,,iiu,..,| <,f victory. As I infoimcd you in my letter of yes- terdav I believe \v<' can now cai>i urc llic cii\ w\\\\ tiic turcc now present, and with the assi-;t"a'nce of the Navv witlidiit llu' lo^s ot iriucli lilcanil wiihout much destruction of ,• and sh.ail,; \vr dcslrov it all 1 believe it v.oulil b(> < if advantage to t lie city, as a ilv wonlil li"l)nill up soon. The chai-acter ut t lie naliv.^s, lia\int; been underthe suliius;atioii ..r Spain s,, l(aiir, is such that once well imnishcd ihey will snl)niit to fate. The people are siiiierNtiliuus and believe in fate, and now believe that late will give them victory. His letter of the previous day, January 5th, is as follows : Headquaktebs First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, On Board Transport Newport, Iloilo Harbor, P. I., January 5, 1899. Adjutant General Department ok the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps: Sir: I have the honor to report the situation as quite serious. The native troops now numberover 4,000 well-armed men. There are more than 12,000 armed with bolos and miscellaneous weapons. They are constantly intrenching about the fort and at the mouth of the Iloilo River. I do not allow any one on shore, as the insurgent commander sent me word that he would not be responsible for our unarmed men in Last evening about G.40 o'clock, just at dark, while at supper, the captain of the water boat went toward the rear of the boat, where the guard was stationed, and suddenly sprang at the guard with a knife, cut the head of one of the guards through the skull, and the other one on the arm and jaw. The latt-r wa- knocked overboard and then struck by the native on the head with an oar. (Jne native Mien jumped overboard and escaped: the two others were secured. A boat from I he ship was lowered and picked up the soldier in the water, who is not badly hurt. The soldier cut on the head is likely to die, but there is a slight hope for his recovery. I think the longer we wait before attack the harder it will be to put down the msur- rection. The city is entirely at the mercy of the Baltimore, and with her assistance, advancing under her guns and Cautain Bridgmau's battery, I have no doubt we can drive the insurgents out of the city, but their army will confront us outside. That situation would be intolerable, even if firing ceases. I would therefore recommend that a force sufficient to beat them badly in the open field should be prepared ready to send down, if required, after the city is taken. I^et no one convince you that peaceful measures can settle the difficulty here, unless you first .settle matters peacefully in Manila and Luzon Island. ******** The English and German warships and all other large vessels in the harbor have daily received refugees from the city. Many of the city people with their effects are leaving on small coasting steamers for neighboring islands. Order appears to be maintained in the city, except for Americans, who feel humiliated and want to get .at them. ^, ^ ^, Very respectfully, M. P. Miller, Brigadier General, U. 8. V., Commanding. After fully considering the President's proclamation and the temper of the Tagalos with whom I was daily discussing political problems and the friendly intentions of the United States Government toward them, I concluded that there were certain words and expressions therein, such as ".sovereignty," "right of cession," and those which directed OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 451 immediate occupation, etc., thougti most admirably employed and tersely expressive of actual conditions, might be advantageously used by the Tagalo war party to incite wide- spread hostilities among the natives. The ignorant classes had been taught to believe that certain words, as "sovereignty," " protection," etc., had peculiar meaning disas- trous to their welfare and significant of future political domination, like that from which they had recently been freed. It was my opinion, therefore, that I would be jus- tified in so amending the paper that the beneficent object of the United States Govern- ment would be brought clearly within the comprehension of the people, and this con- clusion was the more readily reached because of the radical change of the past few days in the constitution of Aguinaldo's government, which could not have been understood at Washington at the time the proclamation was prepared. It was also believed that the proclamation had been induced partially by the suggestions of the naval authorities here, which three weeks previous, and while affairs were in a specific and comparatively quiet state, had recomended "that the President issue a proclamation defining the policy of the United States Government in the Philippine Islands and assuring the inhabitants that it is ourintention to interfere as little as possible in the internal att'airs of the islands. That as soon as they developed their capability for self-government their powers and privileges will be increased. That will allay the spirit of unrest." These authorities at that time recommended the government of the islands as a terri- tory with a civilian as a governor, to be followed later by a naval and military commis- sion, to determine questions of a naval and military character. The amended proclamation was thereupon prepared, and fearing that General Miller would give publicity to the former, copies of which, if issued, would be circulated soon in Luzon, I again dispatched Lieutenant Colonel Potter to Iloilo, both to ascertain the course of events there and to advise the commanding general of the dangers threaten- ing in Luzon, and which might be augmented if any action was taken which the insur- gents could make use of in furtherance of their unfriendly designs. General Miller thought his action in making publication of the proclamation on January 3d correct, as he had not been instructed to the contrary, and his opinion, he contended, was con- firmed by a War Department dispatch which I had directed Colonel Potter to deliver to him, and which he had received on January 6th. He was satisfied that the use he had made of the proclamation was that contemplated by the War Department authorities, but it was not long before it was delivered at Malolos and was the object of venomous attack. Nothing further of great moment transpired at Iloilo for several successive days, and we return to the narrative of Manila events. General Miller, however, remained eager for battle, and with his command restive under the taunts of the natives and criticisms of foreign citizens, he repeatedly asked for permission to attack the city. Complications of a civil nature were also arising, as shown in his communication of January 8th, of which the following is a copy : Headquarters First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, On Board Transport Newport, Iloilo Harbor, P. I., Sunday, Januarij S, 1899 — 2 p. m. Adjutant General Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps. Sir : I have the honor to report, for the information of the major general command- ing, that the situation here is not improving since my last report. I have not landed the Fifty-first Iowa on the island opposite to Iloilo, as two boat crews of troops of the Fifty-first Iowa landed on the 5th instant and were met by over 75 to 100 natives armed with various weapons, rifles, shotguns, and knives, who asked them their business and warned them off with threats of bringing out more troops if they did not go away. The men of the regiment are well, and the colonel does not desire to land under such circum- stances of hostility. The insurgents are still at work fortifying; last night they sunk four mud scows at the mouth of Iloilo River to prevent passage of our Navy. This did not annoy us, as the Petrel's place for action, if we have one, is undisturbed. ' The city is so completely under the control of the warships of the Navy that we are indiflereut as to what the insurgents do. When the time comes nothing can save insurgents in thecitv but flight. The suljitct most distmbiiiLr to our American minds is that a Dutch ship is loading with siijrai- ; uiio sliall r,,ll,rt the duly is a question. Captain Evans and I dis- cussed the n last evening without conclusion. The duties will amount to $5,000, quite a snug sum, with which the insurgents will be able to buy machine guns, etc., if we leave them alone. Other ships arriving will add more and more to their revenues. 452 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The port ought to be closed, if it is a practical thing, after due notice to foreign gov- ernments We need here two good steam launches capable of towing a line of rowboats rapidly for landing purposes. We can not get them here without seizing them, and the good ones; arc nndor tho protection of foreign flags. As ti> tlic iiisursinls yielding to the order of the President and allowing occupation, it will not l)( in^rs .it \,r:u-r nnd individual freedom to the Philippine people; that we are here as friends of tlie Filipinos; to protect them in their homes, their employments, their individual and religious liberty, and that all per- sons who, either by active aid or honest endeavor, cooperate with the Government of the United States to give effect to these beneficial purposes, will receive the reward of its support and protection. The l>resiunals of juslici-, presided nxor by representatives of the people an. I'll lose in !lio!.,.ml, ^vi,l|.a(hy will. Ih.m in I b.ir d.'sir.-. r.,r -...>d govern- ment; that lh.-tHn,M).,ns:,n.l .1 1 1 1 i-s .-..nn.rl.'d Willi .-i vil ;i n.l muni. -i pal a.lniinistration aretobeperf.>rmed bv sii.-h oili.-ei - as wisli to accpt tli.' assjstan.-e ,,i ih.. 1 m ted States, chosen in so far as it ma\' he )ira.'iieal)k' from the inhabitants ..t th.> islands; that, while the management of pubii.- i.r.M'n b. ihe c.mim. I'ce of all foreign naii.>n-. an.l -....ds and merchandise not prohibil.'.l lor mililarv r.M-ons by the military antlioiii i,^ -hall be admitted upon pay- ment .)f such duties an.l eliai-es as shall be in invr,- ai ili.' urn.' of importation. The President concludes Ins instructions in lln- foll.iwiie^ lanunaKc: "Finally, it should be 111.' .■arnest and pai-am..nni aiin..t 111.' A.I ministration to win the confidence, respect, an.l air.ction of ih.- inha.ldlants of tli.' Philiiipines by insuring to them in every possible wav ili.' full ni.'asure .if individ nal riulitsand liberty which is the heritage of a free peo))!.', ami by provin- t.i them that tlie mission ot the United States is one of beneficent as-.iinilaii.in, wlii.-h will substitute the mild sway of justice andrightfor arbitrary ml.'. In Ui.' fullillm.'nt of this high niissi.m, while upholding the temporary administrali.m of aliUirs for the greatest good of the govt'rned, there will be seduonsly maintained the strong arm of authority to repress disturbance, and to overcome all obstacles to the bestowal of the blessings of good and stable government upon the people of the Philippine Islands." From the tenor and substance of the above instructions ot the President, I am fully of the opinion that it is the inti'iiMon of the rnil.-d Siai.'s ( ;vernni.nt of the country, and it is my desire to inaugurate a policy of I hat ebaraet.r. I am also .■.nivine.'d that it is Ihe inten- tion of the United States Government losiM'k the .■siablisbm.Mit ■ if a most libtTal gov- ernment for the islands, in which Ml.' iieople themselv.s shall haveastull leiiresentation as the maintenance of law and order will permit, and which shall be susceptible of OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 45^ development, on lines ofiDcreased representation and the bestowal of increased powers, into a government as free and independent as is enjoyed by the most favored provinces of the world. ^.,. . , , ■ i. It will be my constant endeavor to cooperate with the Filipino people, seeking the good of the country, and I invite tlieir full contidence and aid. ^ E. 8. Otis, Major General, U. S. V., Military Governor. Before publication of this proclamation I endeavored to obtain from able Filipino residents of the city an expression of opinion as to its probable effect upon the popula- tion, but was not much encouraged. A few days thereafter they declared the publication to have been a mistake, although the foreign residents appeared to believe the procla- mation most excellent in tone and moderation, offered everything that the most hostile of the insurgents could expect, and undoubtedly would have a beneficial influence. It was received by the better classes of natives with satisfaction, as it was the first author- itative announcement of the attitude ^\»hich the United States assumed toward the islands and declared the policy which it intended to pursue, and because the declared policy was one which, in their opinion, conditions imperatively demanded should be imposed for the interests of the Filipino people who were incapable of self-government. The publication separated more widely the friendly and war factions of the inhabitants and was the cause of exciting discussion. The ablest of insurgent newspapers, which was now issued at Malolos and edited by the uncompromising Luna, he who had been an openly declared enemy of the United States from the time Manila capitulated, subsequently commanded an insurgent army and was assassinated while exercising chief military command of the insurgent forces, attacked the policy of the United States as declared in the proclamation, and its assump- tion of sovereignty over the islands, with all the vigor of which he was capable. He went further and contended that the policy as declared was merely a subterfuge to tem- porarily quiet the people until measures could be inaugurated and applied to put in practice all the odious features of government which Spain had employed. Everything tended simply to a change of masters for the Filipino people without amelioration of condition. This paper was published in Tagalo, had a considerable circulation, and was assisted by other Tagalo publications. No statement reflecting upon the United States Government and its troops in Manila was too base, untruthful, or improbable for news- paper circulation, and unfortunately received credit by the more ignorant of the natives, although the subject of ridicule or indignant comment by the abler Filipinos. Agui- naldo met the proclamation by a counter one in which he indignantly protested against the claim of sovereignty by the United States in the islands, which really had been con- quered from the Spaniards through the blood and treasure of his countrymen, and abused me for my assumption of the title of military governor. Even the women of Cavite province, in a document numerously signed by them, gave me to understand that after all the men were killed off they were prepared to shed their patriotic blood for the liberty and independence of their country. The efforts made by Aguinaldo and his assistants made a decided impression on the inhabitants of Luzon outside of Manila, who acquired an unfavorable opinion, to say the least, of an American citizen, whom of course few of them had ever seen. The insurgent army was especially affected by this tirade of abuse of Americans, but agreeably so, as it had met and conquered the soldiers of Spain and only awaited an opportunity to demonstrate its invincibility in war with the United States troops cooped up in Manila and whom it had commenced to insult and charge with cowardice. Shortly before this time the insurgents had commenced the organiza- tion of clubs in the city, in which now, I was informed, amounted to ten thousand. The chief organizer was a shrewd mestizo, a former close companion of Aguinaldo, by whom he had been commissioned to perform this work. He was a friend and associate of some of our officers; was engaged iu organizing the clubs only, as he stated, to give the poorer classes amusement and education ; held public entertainments in athletics to whicli our officers were invited, and in which our soldiers were asked to participate. Gradually arms were being secretly introduced and bolos were being manufactured and distributed. The arms were kept concealed in buildings, any many of them were subse- quently captured. The Chinamen were carrying on a lucrative business in bolo making. 454 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. but the provost marshal had cruelly seized considerable of their stock. These clubs had received military organization and were commanded by cunning Filipino officers regularly appointed by the Malolos government. The chief organizer departed after organization had been perfected and thereafter became a confidential adviser in Malolos affairs. This organization was the subject of grave apprehension, as it was composed of the worst social element of the city, and was kept under police supervision as closely as possible. It was also dreaded by the better class of Filipino inhabitants, many of whom believed themselves selected for assassination on account of their expressed desires for American protection. The streets of the city were thronged with unarmed insurgent officers and enlisted men from the numerically increasing insurgent line on the out- skirts, proud of their uniforms and exhibiting matchless conceit, amusing to our men, who were apparently unconcerned observers, but who were quick to take in the rapidly changing conditions. In the midst of this suppressed excitement the city was comparatively quiet, crime well suppressed, and business interests were flourishing. The merchants were active to take advantages of all avenues of trade possible. Vessels were sent to the China coasts for products to supply the southern ports, entered and cleared at the port of Iloilo against the protest of General Miller, and paid the accustomed charges on dutiable goods and products to the insurgents, who had installed themselves there. United States consuls at Singapore and Hongkong asked the perplexing question whetlier vessels could be cleared for Iloilo and Cebu, and could be answered evasively only, as follows : Manila, P. I., January 9, 1S99. United States Consul General Wildman, Hongkong. United States not yet administering civil aflfairs at either Iloilo or Cebu. No new consular action as to these ports should be inaugurated at present. Otis. The Manila Chamber of Commerce took this matter up for investigation and saw that the rights of merchants in ports virtually at war with the United States were denied. I was called upon for an explanation and addressed its secretary as follows : Sir: I am in receipt of the communication of the Manila Chamber of Commerce of yesterday, the I'^tli instant, in which I am informed that "the American consul at Hong- kong (l.cliiics to liJsiKitcli st^.iiiiir-^ or vessels for Cebu and Iloilo; also, that American autlioiities hell- will !ioi allow a steaniei- to come herewith permission to proceed to Cebu, ami ie(|iii'st inlbririal ion as to ilie course to be pursued in the immediate future by the AiiiiTieaii uuLhoriLics with regard to the above named ports." In reply. 1 lia\ e the honor to inform you that the United States consul at Hongkong haviim, oil the lit li. instant, made inquiry in the matter of clearing vessels at Hongkong, for Iloilo and i i bii. was answered on the 9th instant, by cable, as follows : "The United States not yet adininistorinu- civil affairs at cither Iloilo or Cebu. No new consular action as to t liese j.oi-ts should l)e inaimmated at inesenl ." This message to tin' Ameriea n (•onsiii i- not coiisidei-ed ant hori i i ve by any means, as we have no auLhoi-it>- to irive him ditcci ions, and the matter of clearing vessels at Hong- kong rests entirely within his discretion. To the categorical questions which you submit I am pleased to return answer as follows : To the flnst question my answer is: Not by any act of the United States authorities at Manila. To the second question I reply that: Trade can be conducted, in so fiir as the United States authorities now in occupancy of these islands are concerned, the same as for- merly. Vessels will be cleared from this port for ports of the islands until instructions received from my Government indicate a contra i-,\- course of action. To the third question I can only answer thai : All the i n-i i actions thus far received from my Government are embodied in the pioelaniation issued from this office on the 4th instant, which I inclose and to which I respectfully refer. The consul for Great Britain wished to know why a British steamer had been sus- piciously dealt with and was replied to as follows : Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of this date, and to .say in reply that the matter referred to tlierein will be investigated It is reported that the steamer Zwcvmi arii\ cd troin sinuaijoie with a general cargo, a part of which it appears is destined for Iloilo li\ -a nn Mssei. from ic ports received and decla- rations made it was believed that she had on l>oai(l e(nnraliand of war. The reports received justified the action which has been taken in so far as search was concerned. And again inquiring concerning seizure at Manila of a small steamer, in which a British subject claimed to be interested, he received the following reply : OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 455 ManiI/A, p. I., JitniKtry :, ISO!). Hon. H. A. Ramsuen, H. B. M. Consul, Manila, P. I. Sir: I have tbe honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the :Ust ultimo, inclosinisr copies of correspondence between youi'selfand Messrs. Holliday, Wise & Co., in the niatter of tlir seizure by the United States authorities of the steamer Lac/una navi^ato th^ I'asm itivcr, l)ut have been informed to the contrary. It is hoped that this matter caii be satisfactorily adjusted in a few days. „ „ ^ Verv sincerelv, yours, E. S. Otis, United States Military Governor. In the mean time the local Spanish authorities were present and desired to close up the pending international business. As early as December 28th, I was informed by the superior Spanish officer present that the treaty of peace had been concluded and that he wished to take up the settlement of affairs. I replied that I had not received any information or instructions in the matter, but as soon as received would cooperate with him in every way possible. On the following day he applied for permission to leave the islands. He was a prisoner of war, in fact, supervising the affairs of the Spanish prisoners present in Manila. A high-toned gentleman, a most courteous and accom- plished officer, our official relations had always been pleasant and agreeable. I replied to his application in the following terms : Office of the United States Military Governor, Manila, P. I., December 29, 189S. Division General Francisco Rizzo, Commanding Spanish Forces, Manila, P. I. Gkxki^a r, : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this instant i-c(|Ui'stiiiL; passport to return to Spain next month, and in niily thereto T hasten to iiiloi-iii \du iliat you are free to leave at any time you may desire, au.l that it will give me i;ic:'it pleasure to render you every assistance that you may need in making the necessary preparations for your departure on so long a voyage. I am. General, with much esteem, your obedient servant, B. S. Otis, Major General, U. 8. V., United States Military Governor. Shortly thereafter General Rios, general of division of the Spanish army, who had been commanding in the south, arrived in Manila. He had been directed by his gov- ernment to supervise, as acting governor general, Spanish interests in the islands, and at once addressed himself vigorously to the settlement of affairs and the shipment of Spanish prisoners, for which I had received authority. In personal conferences, through numerous communications and written requests, he occupied considerable of the time of the United States authorities, although it was yet impossible to consider many of the matters which he presented, since the Paris treaty had not received ratification. A few responses to the letters he submitted indicate the variety of the subjects which he wished promptly attended to and the difficulties of compliance. Tliey are as follows : Office United States Military Governor IN the Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., January 'J, 1899. His Excellency Diego de los Rigs y Nicalau, General of Division, Spanish Army, Manila, P. I. General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this instant, referring to embarkation of Spanish troops, prisoners of war, on the 11th instant, and to say in reply that there is no objection on the part of the United States Government, and that I will give appropriate instructions to the officials having charge of such busi- ness to have your excellency's desires consummated. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis, Major General, U. S. V., United States Military Governor in the Philippines. 456 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. January 10, 1S99. Genkkai. : In :i hitiried (•(iniiiiunication of last evening, sent in response to your lettei- of yi'stci'd.iy, in wliieli you iiiCurni me flint you must discliarge in Mindanao, about '-'.oiK) troops who were taken there from tlie Visayan and Luzon islands, and further say that it is inipossiblf to seatter them to tlieir lioines, I suggested that the Visayans miuht he taken to lloilo and I will see that the necessary orders are given to thel'Uiled States authorities there to [H'l-mit them to land upon arrival. The Luzon men will piolialjly give great ti-oul)leit they are brought into the harliorot Manila at the present time. Many of those already received here escaped from the authorities, and with the convicts sent li>- you have fixed themselves in Manila, where they give a good deal of annoyance. W'r ean not receive any more of these troops in the city at pre.sent, aiid I wisli you would delay sending them to this island. After a short period we may be able to take them and send them to their respective homes. I am very desirous of giving thi.s matter full consideration before arriving at further conclusions. I would like to be informed of the approximate number of Visayans, and also the number of Luzon men you intend to bring north, stating each class separately. January 12, 1899. Generai. : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 10th instant, in which you request me to direct my ofHcers to hand over to tlie chiefs of the several departments of the Spanish hacienda certain public documents belonging to the Spanish Government, etc. •In repl.y permit me to state that since our late conversation on this subject I tele- graphed my Government of your desire in this particular and I have not yet received any response. Being, as I am, entirely ignorant, in so far as ofBcial information is concerned, of the relations existing between Spain and the United States at the present time, I do not think I have the power to act favorably upon your request until the instructions of my Government are received. January 1/,, 1899. Generai.: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 21st instant, referring to your wisli to appoint a Spanish clerk in the Manila post office, and in reply would say that I am unable to grant your request, as the appointment of all postal clerks is under the exclusive control of the Post Office Department of the United States. January 16, 1899. Generai. : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the loth instant just received, referring to the embarkation of about 400 Spanish troops, pris- oners of war, on the steamship Monserrat, and to say in reply that there is no objection on the part of the United States. Appropriate instructions will be given to the officials having charge of sucli business in order that your excellency's desires may be consum- January 20, 1899. General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday received this morning, in which you inform me that there are about 630 native troops there belonging to the Visayas. As soon as you desire to assemlde the men and turn them over, I can send them to lloilo under proper guard. ( Oneeruing the Luzon men, we will be glad to send them to some point nearer Manila llian Alhay. I have instructed General HurIks to make all necessary arrangements for the ship- ment of the Visayans and he will confer with any officer you may be pleased to name in regard to the matter. General: I have given instructions to the custodian and treasurer o( laiiilie funds to permit any committee whom you may appoint to examine the books and iccoids of that office for the period of time previous to Amerie.an occupation of Manila. The treasurer will be pleased to show you exliiliits of tli.' contents of the safes of the treasury as reported by hoard of otlieers ap|iointed under authoiity from these head- quarters. The safes were sealed after tliis hoard had inventoried tlie contents and have not since been opened. January 25, 1899. General : I have tlie honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 24th instant, and in reply to say that I have directed the captain of the port to permit the ladies, children, and Mr. Richard Fernandez and his assistant, now on the General Alva, to land. I have also directed him to permit the officers upon that vessel to visit you on official business, and to permit a small party to land daily for the purpose of purchasing supplies. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 457 January M, IS'M. General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter requesting- that the regimental records, books, and documoiits belonging to the Spanish troops foimcrly occupying <'ertain liariacks in this riiy be iviurnedto yon. In accordance with your request I will instruct llicprovosi Mi:ir>hal .i;i'ncial to turn over to any officer whom youniay name to recMvr ilw sun.'. , -ill iv,'.,i,ls b,l,,iiging to Spanish regiments which are in the possession (,f the I nited Slates uuthniilUs. '^ ^ » It should be remembered that at the time Inited Stat.s ocinpation of the city com- menced a great deal of public property was aliaadonrd bv the Spanish officials, never having been turned overunder the terms ot capitulation. The I'nited States authorities have collected and preserved all such property in so far as it was possible for them to do so. Manila, P. I., J^Mmmrw 26, 7S.'y.'y. Brig. Gen. \ icente Arizmendiz, Spanish Army, Manila, P. I. Sir : I am directed by the military governor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 21th instant, referring to a commission of the Spanish armv of which vou had been appointed president by his excellency General Diego de los Rios, Spanish armv and in reply to say that he has not yet received any Information a'^ to th,- terms of the treaty of peace between the Governments of Spain and the Unihd stal. -. now awaiting ratification, and that he is not therefore at this time prepared to eni.r upon the subject of the tinal disposition of Spanish troops, records, funds, and property under the control of the United States forces in the Philippine Islands. Very respectfully, C. H. Murray, Captain, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, Aid. -,T. T^ ,, ^ „ Manila, January no, 1S99. His Excellency Diego de los Rios y Nicalau, Division General, Sp((ni.sh Army, Manila, P. I. General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of yesterday, and beg to reply that instructions have been given to the United States officer who was placed in supervisory charge of the building containing the mint to give the necessary orders to enable you to carry out your expressed wish. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis, Major General, U. 8. V., United States Military Governor. January 31, 1>!9;). General: Rei)lying further to your communication of the 17th instant to that por- tion of the same wliieh a^ks that "permission be given foi- tlie \viiii.ira\\-al o'i'evir\thin"- concerning the settlement in hand, and which does not all'eet ilie treasury of tlu'esiali^ lishment, properly speaking," I have the honor to state that 1 liaye r.ce'jye.l as vet no instructions from the I'nited States (ioyerii irieiit eonreini ivi; ihese inalleis, and am awaiting ratitication. I am. tlierefore, iiowerles, to aet inull'i^la iiilin"i\ iii'ilil'l receive information and directions from Washingt.^i, which will doubtless be furnished me as soon as the proposed treaty receives validity. In the mean time I shall be glad to further your desires in every way in so far as I am able, and it will be possible for me to adopt some preliminary measures, subject to future contirmation. * * * The inference may be drawn from the tenor of the foregoing replies to the written application of General Rios, that time was sought to properly meet his demands. Time was required to consider fully what specific action was necessary to guard United States interests and its rights under the treaty, which was not yet of validity, not having received ratification. But it was also deemed inexpedient to enter upon any course of proceedings which should embarrass the United States Government in case the pro- posed treaty should ultimately fail of confirmation. Not until January 31st were the preliminaries of any decided course determined upon, except in so far as the repatria- tion of prisoners and the surrender of strictly military property and records were con- cerned. Then a board of officers was appointed for the purpose shown in Department orders of that date, which reads as follows : 4. A board of officers, to consist of Maj. Charles McOlure, chief paymaster of the department; Maj. C. U. Gantenbein, Second Oregon, U. S. V., and Second Lieut M A Hildreth, First North Dakota, U. S. V., is hereby appointed to meet and confer with a committee named by his excellency Division General Diego de los Rios y Nicalau Span- ish army, for the purpose, as stated, "of clearing the accounts of the Spanish Gov- ernment in the 1 iilippines." The board will determine upon some definite course of procedure by which the Spanish committee can have access to all records and documents no\y 111 pos.session ot the Lnited States authorities which it may desire to consult, and will arrange therefor. No property or records can be delivered until the proyMsed treaty 458 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. receives validity tliroush ratitication, and tlio board will continue its sessions antici pa- tnm that event whon ^tru,-ti.. us looking t<.a settlement of public affairs, j udi- ciafindexecuti%V • . iM.ronv.vrrt. Thr iMKud will ascertain fully the desires of the comn^ttlels to the na.u.v and iuH cxtct .,i Us desired action and give it every puss,- ble facility consistent with the present status ol atiairs. On January 31st two hundred and one commissioned otflcers and two thousand five hundred and forty-one enlisted men, prisoners of war, and about two hundred sick offi- cers, also prisoners, who departed individually under privileges specially granted, had sailed for Spain. Several thousand remained within the walled town, whose probable conduct in the event of serious disturbances within the city was the subject of much speculative discussion. From August, 1898, to the time the treaty of Paris came from the representatives of the contracting Governments, the insurgents had maintained their military lines around Manila on the plea that they desired to be prepared to meet the soldiers of Spain, should she return to her late possessions. As soon as the result of the treaty negotia- tions became known, the dishonesty of that plea became fully apparent. Then the crisis in the insurgent government was at hand. Aguinaldo and his able adviser, Mabini, the man who had furnished the brains for the radical element and who, in fact, was the government, proposed to transfer the declaration of open hostilities from Spain to tlie United States. This the conservative members of the cabinet and congress would not countenance, and the result was their withdrawal. Mabini was able to form a new cab- inet with himself as dictator, and to dominate the remaining members of congress. Independence was the cry and the extermination of the Americans the determination. They sought an excuse to inaugurate hostilities, but the United States had kept strictly within its legal rights and had simply performed its international obligations. Repeated efforts were made to secure some mark of recognition for their government from the American authorities, some of which appeared to be quite cunningly devised. I was addressed by so-called ministers of state on diplomatic subjects, and was visited by accredited members of the Malolos government. The various foreign consuls resident in Manila were officially informed by this government of its proceedings and furnished with copies of its so-called decrees. Never since the time Aguinaldo returned to Cavite in May of 1898 and placed himself under the masterful spirit of Mabini had he the slightest intention to accept the kind offices and assistance of the United States, except as they'might be employed to hold Spain throttled while he worked the scheme of self- aggrandizement. His success was not in the least astonishing, as after the various islands had driven out the few remaining and discouraged soldiers of their openly declared enemy, they naturally turned to Luzon for some form of central government, the islands of the south being well aware of their inability to maintain successful sepa- rate and distinct political establishments. The crude one in process of formation in central Luzon offered itself through its visiting agents and was accepted in part (not- withstanding race animosities and divergent business interests) and very probably because no other alternative offered. The eight months of opportunity given the ambi- tious Tagalo by the hold on Spain which the United States maintained was sufficient also for him to send his troops and designing men into the distant provinces and hold the unarmed natives in subjection while he imposed military authority, and thus in December, 1898, we find in northern and southeastern Luzon, in Mindoro, Samar, Leyte, Panay, and even on the coast of Mindanao and in some of the smaller islands, the aggressive Tagalo, present in person, and whether civilian or soldier, supreme in authority. Tlie success which attended the political efforts of Aguinaldo and his close associates, and gave them such sudden and unexpected power was not calculated to induce them to accept subordinate positions in a reestablished government, and the original premeditated intention to control supremely at least a portion of the Filipino people had become firmly fixed. The cry for liberty and independence (really license and despotism under their governing methods) and the vile aspersions of the motives of the United States, which they have widely circulated, have served them to stir up distrust and fear of the American among the people to a considerable extent, especially those of Tagalo origin. The charge which they continually brought, until December OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAlt. 459 last, that the United States administration in power intended to restore the islands to Spain, which until then was the chief cause of discontent and excitement., and in the asserted truth and ciiculation of which they were greatly assisted by the Spanish, resi- dent and representative, fell tlat when the result of the labors of the Paris treaty com- missions became known. Then the pretext that the United States was about to substi- tute itself for Spain, continuing all her former governing abuses, including the imposed authority of the hated friar, was resorted to and had its effect on the ignorant masses. Whatever action the United States might now take, except to immediately withdraw its authority and subject the people to anarchj' and the European vast property inter- ests in these islands to destruction, could be so tortured as to support this pretext. It was eagerly waited for by the now irresponsible band of conspirators at Malolos, few of whom had anything to lose and everything to gain by inciting hostility. The United States proclamation issued on the 4th of January offered them the first opportunity and was the opportunity which they desired. No sooner was it published than it brought out a virtual declaration of war from, in this instance at least, the wretchedly advised President Aguinaldo, who, on January 5th, issued the following : The government of the Philippines has considered it its duty to set forth to the civi- li/.ed [MiwiTs the fiMis ilrhTiniiiiiisj,- tho rui)ture of its amicable roUitions with the Army of thr 1 iiitcd skii.'s (if AiiiiTi, :i in 1 licsc islands, to the end that tln'v inn v t liereby reach thiM vK-iKiii th:ii !, loriiiy I'liri, \\:i\,- done everything possible to avoid it, although at till' i-dst (if many rights uselessly sacriticed. After the naval combat, which occurred on May 1st of last year, between the Spanish squadron and that of America, the commander of the latter consented to my return from Hongkong to this beloved soil, and he distributed among the Filipinos some rilles found in the arsenal at Cavite, doubtless with the intention of reestablishing the revo- lution, somewhat quieted by the convention of Biac-na-bato, in order to have the Fili- pinos on his side. The people, intluenced by the declaration of war between the United States and Spain, understood the necessity of tishtine: for their libertv, feeling sure that Spain would be destroyed and rendeved i iicapalile dfleadin^,' them along the road to prosperity and progress. The Filipin.is iiaile.l my advent with Joy, and I had the honor of being proclaimed leader on acei Hint ot i lie services which 1 had rendered in the former revo- lution. Then all the Filipinos without distinction of classes took arms, and every province hastened to expel fi-om its frontiers the Spanish forces. This is the explanation of the fad that, after the lapse of so short a period of time, my government rules the whole of Luzon, the Visaya Islands, and a part of Mindanao. Although the North Americans took no part in these military operations, which cost no little blood and gold, my government does not disavow the tact that the destruction of the Sjianish s(|uadron and the uift ot some rifies from the arsenal to my )^oolllo influ- enced the iiroyress of (iiir arms lo some extent. It was also taken f'oi m-a"iited that the American foices wouhl iKcessarily sympathize with the revelntioii whiidi llie\- had mana,n(ii lo encourage, and wliich had saved them much blood and t;i-eat liardships; and, abo\e all, we entertained absolute confidence in the history and traditions of a people which fought for its independence and for tlie abolition ofslavery, which posed as the champion liberator of oppressed peoples; we felt ourselves under the safeguard of a free people. The Americans, seeint,^ the friendly disposition of the Fdipiiio people, disembarked forces at the lown ot Paranaiine and took uji positions all aloiii: the line occiipied hvmy troops, as far as M -y luliiij, takiim possession of manv Ireiiclies oecnpied liv mv people by theemiiloyiiieni of astuteness, not iinaccomiiaiiied by violence. They lVa-ce(:i a capit- ulation on the garrison of Manila, which, inasmuch as it was invested bv my troops, was comiielled to surrender at the first attack. In this I took a very active part although I was not notified, my forces reaching as far as the suburbs of Malate, Ermita' Paco, Sampaloc, ;ind Tondo. Notwithstandinjr these services, and altliough the Spaniards would not have surren- deriMl lint lor the tact that my troops had closed every avenue of escape to the towns of the inlerioi-, tlie American generals not only ignored me entirely in the .stipulations for capitulation, hut also re(iuested that jay forces should retire from the port of Cavite and the siitiurbs of Manila. I represented to the American generals the injustice done me, and requested in friendly terms that they should at least expressly recognize my cooperation, but they utterly declined to do so. Nevertheless, being alwa\'s desirous of showing friendliness and good feeling toward those who called themselves liberators of the Philippine people I ordered my troops to evacuate the port of Cavite and the sulmrbs of Ermita, Malate' Sampaloc, and Tondo, retaining only a portion of tiie siibiirh of Paco. In spite of these concessions, not many days passed before Admiral Dewey, without any reason whatever, arrested our steam lauiKdies which had been plying in the bay of Manila with his express consent. Almost at the same time I received a letter from (Jeneral Otis, commander of the American army of occupation, demanding that I should withdraw my forces beyond the lines of a map which he also sent me, and which showed within the lines the town of Pandacan and the hamlet of Singalong, which never have belonged to the municipal area of Manila and its suburbs. In view of this unjustifiable attitude of both American leaders, I summoned a coun- cil of my generals and asked the advice of my cabinet, and in conformity with the 460 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. opinion of both bodies I named commissioners, wlio placed themselves in communica- tion with these Americans. Although Admiial Dewey received in an iiixilcnt manner and with aggressive phrases my cninniissiontrs, whom he did not ixiniit tw -prtik, I yielded to the friendly suggestions of (it in ral < )tis, withdrawingmy fon-i- to t)ic desired line for the purpose of avoiding contact with his troops. This gave rise to many misun- derstandings, but I hoped that once the Paris conference was at an end my people would obtain the independence promised them by the consul general in Singapore, Mr. Pratt, and that the friendship formerly assured and proclaimed in manifestoes and speeches would be established by the American generals who have reached these shores. But it did not turn out thus. The .said generals accepted my conce.ssions in favor of peace and friendship as indications of weakness. Thus it is that, with rising ambition, they ordered forces to Iloilo on December 26th, with the purpose of acquiring for them- selves the title of conquerors of that portion of the Philippine Islands occupied by my government. Such procedure, so foreign to the dictates of culture and the usages observed by civi- lized nations, gave me the right to act without observing the usual rules of intercourse. Nevertheless, in order to be correct to the end, I sent to General Otis commis.sioners charged to solicit him to desist from his rash enterprise, but they were not listened to. My government can not remain iudilterent in view of such a violent and aggres.sive seizure of a portion of its territory by a nation which has arrogated to itself the title, champion of oppressed nations. Thus it is that my government is disposed to open hostilities if the American troops attempt to take forcible possession of the Visaya Islands. I denounce these acts before the world, in order that the conscience of man- kind may pronounce its infallible verdict as to who are the true oppressors of nations and the tormentors of human kind. Upon their heads be all the blood which may be shed. Emilio Aguixaldo. Malolos, January 5, ISit;/. A number of copies of this unfortunate declaration were speedily sent out for circu- lation among the people, when an eflort was made to recall them and substitute an amended edition, but a few had found their way to Manila and were eagerly sought after by the citizens. That evening the insurgent newspaper, entitled The Herald of the Revolution, published a supplement in which the following appeared : OFFICIAL MANIFESTO OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE KEVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT ! To my Brothers, the Filipinos, and to All Respectable Consuls and Other Foreigners: A proclamation of Mr. E. S. Otis, major general of the United States Volunteers, appeared in Manila papers vesterday, compelled me to issue the present, with a view to expose to all who read and understand the present document my most solemn pro- test against the whole contents of the said proclamation, the duties of my conscience toward God, my political compromises toward my beloved people, and my private and official relationship with the United States nation, all of which forced me to do so. The General Otis called himself in the said proclamation military governor of the Phil- ippine Islands. I protest one and a thousand times, with all the energy of my soul, against such authority. I solemnlv declare that neither at Singapore, Hongkong, nor here in the Philippines did I ever agree, bv word or in writing, to recognize the sovereignty of America in this our lovely country. On the contrary, I declare that I returned to these islands, trans- ported by the United SUites man-of-war, on the 19th of May last, with the decided and fli-m intention to fight the Spaniards in order to reconquer our liberty and independ- ence. I have thus declared in my official proclamation dated May 24th, and I have like- wise published in a manifest addressed to the Filipino people on the 12th of June last, when in my native village of Kawil, I exhibited for the first time our holy national flag as a sacred'ejublem of that sublime aspiration, and finally, .so it was confirmed by the American general, Mr. Merritt, antecessor of Mr. E. S. Otis, in the manifest which he addressed to the Filipino people days before he intimateU the Spanish general, Mr. Jaudenes, the surrender of the city of Manila, in which manifest he clearly and posi- tivelv said that the army and navy of the United States came here to give us our liberty and destrov the bad rule of the Spanish Government. To say all at a time, nationals and foreigners are witnesses that the army and navy of the United States stationed here have acknowledged the fact of the belligerency of the Filipinos, who.se flag has triumphantly crossed our seas before the eyes of the foreign nations here represented by their i-espective consuls. As in General Otis's proclamation he alluded to some instructions edited by His Excellencv the President of the United States, referring to the administration of the matters iii the Philippine Islands, I, in the name of God, the root and fountain of all j ustice, and that all of the right which has been visibly granted to me t<3 direct my dear brothers in the difficult work of our regeneration, protest most solemnly against this intrusion of the United States Government on the sovereignty of these islands. I equallv protest in the name of the Filipino people against the said intrusion, because as "they have granted their vote of confidence appointing me president of the nation, although I don't consider that I deserve such, therefore I consider it my duty to defend to death its liberty arid indenendence. Fiuallv, I protest against such ah unexpected act of sovereignty of the United States in these islands, in the name of all the proceedings which I have in my possession with regard to my relationship with the United States authorities, which unmistakably prove that the United States did not take me from Hongkong to fight the Spaniards for their benefit, but for the benefit of our liberty and independence, for which purpose the said authorities verbally promLsed me their most decided assistance and efficacious coopera- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 4()1 tion ; and so should yon all my dear brothers understand, in order that we may united act according to the idea of our liberty and independence, which wore our most noble desires, and assist with your work to obtain our aim with the strength which our old conviction may afford and must not go back in the way of glory which we have obtained. The unmistakable intention of Aguinaldo, as shown in these proclamations, taken in connection with the well known fact that what remains of his congress was subservient to Mabini's dictation, was ample notice to the troops to prepare for hostile demonstra- tions on the part of the insurgent army. Greater precautionary measures were directed and taken in the way of redistributing organizations throughout the city, in advancing and strengthening (though still far within our own mutually conceded military lines) our posts of observation, and for the quick response of the men if summoned for defen- sive action. Otherwise no change in the conduct, condition, or temper of the troops was observable. So quietly were these precautions effected that Filipino citizens, noticing the apparent indifference of our men, warned me repeatedly of the danger to be appre- hended from a sudden simultaneous attack of the insurgents within and without the city, and were quietly informed that we did not anticipate any great difficulty. Another very noticeable proof of premeditated intent on the part of the insurgents was preceived in the excitement manifested by the natives and their removal in large numbers from the city. All avenues of exit were tilled with vehicles transporting families and house- hold effects to surrounding villages. The railway properties were taxed to their utmost capacity in carrying the fleeing inhabitants to the north within the protection of the established insurgent military lines. Aguinaldo, by written communications and mes- sages, invited his old-time friends to send their families to Malolos, where their safety was assured, but Hongkong was considered a more secure retreat and was taken advan- tage of. A carefully prepared estimate showed that forty thousand of the inhabitants of the city departed within the period of fifteen days. Early in the month I had cabled the authorities at Washington that open hostilities at Iloilo meant war throughout the islands, and that I had cautioned General Miller and the troops at Iloilo Harbor; and on the 9th instant I received a joint dispatch signed by the Secretaries of the Army and Navy and addressed to Admiral Dewey and myself, conveying the instructions and suggestions of the President, which were in part as follows : Am most desirous that contlict he ;i\<>irtojr tlip policv of theUniiiMl st;t!e- ( idViTiinn'iif in tlic Philipi>iM. I>l;m.|- an.', -Iinwin-- t Iw inhabitants that it i> .>iir iiitratiMn to i iitci-fcrc in tljc iiilci nal ali;;irv ,,r iIk^ riiili |,|.i n.^s as little as possilili'; tlial as iht-y dcv( Idp their capaliililir- .it li. i\ . riiiiniit lli.ir puwns and privi- leges will be increased. That will allay tin- spirit ut luiiest. Tiie .Spanish soldiers should be e.K palliated as soon as possiliU- ; tliey aii' a source of discord and danger." And the .\(liiiiral iroes on to say tliat a force of several regiments raised from among the best insurgent troops and otfieercd by the best of their leaders would do much to disarm opposition. Upon this suggestion 1 think the proclamation was issued. Later Admiral Dewey cabled (I think some time about the 1st of January, lam not aware of the date,) that he thought the appointment of a commission by the President would be an excellent thing. On January 9th I was asked by the Washington authorities what I thought of the appointment of a commission to confer with the revolutionary authorities, and I replied that I thought it might do excellent work here. Before this date, early in January, I had been requested by prominent Filipinos to appoint a coraniitt«e from my own com- mand to meet a like committee to be appointed by General Aguinaldo. This was done on January 9th, one day before receiving the Washington dispatch asking if I thought the appointment of a commission by the President would be advantageous. Hence, what might be styled the two commissions have no relationsliip whatever. The one of which you are president, sitting to ascertain the .lesires of tlie Filipinos and having no authority to grant concessions except b\ p. iini-vion of the \\ ashington authorities ; the other commission, appointed from Wasliiiv.'^tdn. comes with full instructions from the President of the United States and empowered to act for him. On January loth I telei;raphed to Washington as follows : "Conditions iuiprovini; ; confidence of citizens returning; business active. Confer- ence held Satinday : insuigents presented following statement, asking that it be cabled: 'Undersigned eomraissioners commander in chii'f of rcvolutionar>- army of these islands state to commissioners of General Otis that aspirati.m Kili]iiuo i'jr.)ple"is independence, witli restrictions resulting from conditions wliicli its -dvermiient aurc with American when latter agree to ofHcially recognize the former.' Xo conclusi(jn reached; another conference to-morrow evening. I understand insurgents wish qualified independence under United States protection." To this despatch no reply has been received. Upon another matter, viz, the sending of regular troops here, the purpose of which has been greatl.\- misunderstood, you may communicate tlie following dispatch, received on December 7th: "General Otis, Manila : "The Secretary of War directs you to send Astor Battery home on first returning transport. If you can spare volunteers to take first returning ships, send them in the order of their arrival. Six regular regiments are in course of preparation to report to you. It is probable that part of them will sail direct from this coast by waj' of canal — thus to give you good transports available for service from San Francisco." The meaning and intent of this dispatch was to return the volunteer troops as soon as possible and to send part back by the transports then in the harbor, if practicable. The Astor Battery was sent home, but I declined to send other volunteer troops at that time, as the revolutionary government had assumed a threatening attitude, notwith- standing our great desire for peace and harmony. The orders from Washington have not changed. I still have authority to return the volunteer troops, so that they can be discharged in the United States, by any returning vessels available, but I decline to return them as long as we are threatened with active hostilities. Lender the articles of capitulation still prevailing with Spain, as there has been no ratification as yet of a treaty, I am obliged to hold Manila and its defenses, but no hostile act will be inaugu- rated'by the United States troops. Very sincerely yours, E. S. Otis, Major General, U. S. V., United States Military Governor. The commissioners held their final joint conference, I think, on January 25th. With the insurgent representatives it was one continued plea for some concession which would satisfy the people. One of them was a man of excellent legal ability, who had occupied an important judicial position at Cebu under the Spanish Government for a number of years. He had recently arrived in Manila, and on the invitation of Agui- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 465 naldo had visited Malolos. He was animated witti a desire to restore liarmonious rela- tions, or at least to effect a temporary peace until the existing excitement could be allayed, when the people might listen to reason. He secured the appointment of Agui- naldo's board and was named thereon as the most important member, but he was so circumscribed by specific instructions that he could not accomplish anything. I charged him with playing a false part, basing the charge on a knowledge of his legal acquire- ments. He confessed that he was fully aware of the untenable position he occupied, and was powerless under the circumstances. He was an adept at legal fiction and could discover pregnants both negative and po.sitive in every international postulate. The appointment of the President's commission had caused so much speculation, both as to membership and object, that I desired to correct mistaken impressions and to take away further opportunity for deliberate falsehood, and knowing that this gentleman still held friendly relations with the Malolos authorities and desired to know the truth in the matter, I sent him the following unofl3cial letter: Manila, P. I., Febmartj .>, ISU'.K Hon. Florentine Torres, Manila, P. I. My Dear Sir: I am In receipt of a Washington dispatch dated the 1st instant, which informs me that the gentlemen who expect to serve on the proposed commission on the part of the United States will reach Hongkong on the -.'Ist of the month. They will probably arrive here about the "iSth. So many inaccuracies have been spread abroad concerning lln' id. ntitv of the gentle- men of the commission that I desire to make explanation. Tin y arc .Messrs. Denby, Schurman, and Worcester. Respecting the first, he is doubtless well known as the late United States minister to China ; the second is the president of Cornell University, one of the leading institutions of learning of the United States; the third is Professor Worcester, of the University of Michigan, also one oi our leading educators and who has a personal acquaintance with the Philippines, he having spent some time here. He is a friend of Dr. Bourns, of our health board, who formerly made a tour of the Philip- pine Islands in the interest of science. . I am sure that the reputation of these gentlemen will commend them to the Filipino people as men of probity, abilitv, and most humane sentiments, having at heart the interest of that people. Admiral Dewey and myself have also been placed on this com- mission—the Government following the policy pursued with reference to Cuba and Porto Rico. My own inclinations and desire are not to .serve thereon, being simply a soldier, buti must obey the rommands of my Government. It is quite important that friendly relations be maintained in every way among all of us, and I am doing my utmost to that end. A great deal of friction has been caused by the action of troops, resulting, I am certain, from a misunderstanding of conditions. Our soldiers are frequently insulted and threatened within our own lines, but thus far have quietly submitted, obeying their instructions. If, however, these threatening demonstrations should proceed so far as to endanger life, I might not be able to hold them in check. I trust that the revolutionary authorities will exercise every endeavor to put a stop to demonstrations similar to those witnessed during the past two days. I am, with great respect, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis. A few days before the above letter was written and on January 2(Dth, I was surprised by the receipt of a letter from Aguinaldo because of the boldness with which he therein indicated his purpose to continue his assumptions and establish their correctness by the arbitrament of war. I cabled itin cipher to Washington in accordance with his request, as it contained such suggestive announcements of the course of conduct he was likely to pursue. The cablegram and my reply to the communication are as follows : Manila, P. I., January 27, 1S99. Adjutant General, Washington. The following received : "Philippine National Government, ''Office of Secretary of Foreign Affairs. "Maj. Gen. E.S. Otis, " Commander in Chief of American Forces of Occupation in Manila. " My government has promulgated the political constitution of the Philii)pine Repub- lic, which is to-day enthusiastically proclaimed by the people, because of its conviction that its duty is to interpret faithfully the aspirations of that people — a people making superhuman efforts to revindicate their sovereignty and their nationality before the civilized powei's. " To this end, of the governments to-day recognized and observed among cultured nations, tlipv have adopted the form of government most compatible with their aspira- tions, endeavoring to adjust their actions to the dictates of reason and of right, in order to demonstrate their aptitude for civil life. 30 466 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. "And, taking the liberty to notify your excellency, I confidently hope that, doing justice to the Philippine people, you will be pleased to inform the Government of your nation that the desire of mine, upon being accorded official recognition, is to contribute to the best of its scanty aliility to the establishment of a general peace. " May God keep your excellency many years. "EMILIO AGtJINALDO. [Seal of the revolutionary government of the Philippines.] "A. Mabini. "Malolos, Janwtry '.'.3, 1899." Otis. Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. 7., January 29, 1899. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, Commanding Philippine Revolutionary Forces, Malolos, P. I. General: I have the honor to inform you that I received a communication dated the 23d instant, signed by you and purpini'e n;iliniial '-government." I am pleased to further intoriii ,\nii iliai n triiiislalimi of that communication into the English language, as shown in Ihe :i.-eniniian yin- ji;iiier, has been cabled in full to the United States authorities at Washington. I am, General, with great respect, vour obedient servant, E. S. Otis, Major General, U. S. V., Commanding. In the mean time General Miller's command was retained in the harbor of Iloilo. It continued to be greatly dissatisfied because It was not allowed to seize the city. The Fifty-first Iowa Volunteers had remained on its transport since leaving San Francisco, a period of more than seventy days. It was very necessary to disembark it for sanitary reasons, and any attempt to do so on the Panay coast or the adjacent small islands would have resulted in conflict with natives. It was directed to return to this harbor, where upon arrival it was placed at Cavite, relieving the Tennessee regiment, which was brought to this city. On January 20th General Miller wrote that it would be his aim "to maintain the existing conditions of friendly relations with these people," and continued : The people here will follow the conditions in Luzon and will permitour military occu- pation of Iloilo as soon as ordered Irom the central government. Outwanllv tiiehest terms of friendship exist personally hetween us. I have informed them veil'ially that they could go on with their usual oecupations, afloat and ashore, without interference from us ; that seizures wc made were necessities merely to enable us to get along from day to day and that nothing would be taken otherwise. They are satisfied apparently, believe me most implicity, and everything is pleasant. There were two or three matters outside of the enforced policy of nonmilitary action which greatly troubled General Miller. He had gone from Manila prepared to establish civil government and had with him his officers of the port and of customs. The mer- chant vessels entering and leaving Iloilo with subsistence and merchandise and plying their trade between that point, Manila, Singapore, and the Chinese coast, paying duty to the Iloilo insurgents in defiance of protest, became objects of suspicion, and their transactions enabled the avowed enemy to obtain food and reap revenue much to the detriment of our interests. The Spanish native military organizations which had been performing sfervlce In the south continued to be brought to Manila in spite of our repeated objections, on the plea that Spain could do nothing else with them, and it was difficult to see how she could. Those of them who were natives of the central islands were sent to Panay, and those having former homes in Luzon were scattered there, although we entertained the belief that they would be gathered to attack us. To General Miller's complaint concerning the transactions of merchants and his request to be permitted to close the Iloilo port, or compel all traders to pay the accus- tomed duties to his proper officers, he was instructed in communications of Januarj' 16th and 21st as follows: Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I., January 16, 1898. The Commanding General, First /Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corjys, Iloilo, Island of Panay. Sir : Replying to the letter of Captain Evans of January 13th, forwarded by you on same date, I am directed to state that the case is well put by Captain Evans under the OREGON VOLUNTEKRS IN SPANISH WAR. 467 President's reeont proclamation, except the President directs in tliat proclamation that all the ports in the actual possession of the land and naval forces of the United States will be open to the commerce of the world. The port of Iloilo is not in the actual possession of tlie United States forces, as they merely occupy the harbor. The objections which present themselves to the course recommended by Captain P^vans are: 1. Until the ratification of the treaty of peace the United States has not the legal right to occupy the port of Iloilo, except by the consent of Spain. Spanish authority over the southern islands of the Philippines remains intact until the treaty is ratified If, liowpver, Spain had turned over the port of Iloili) to the United States, ili"cn tlie ques- tion uf Ifiiiil riglit as between the United States and Sjiain would have been settled and the Unitctedly such action would give rise to grave questions, possibly involving interna- tional coniiilieation; and should they seek to clear through your authorities after hav- ing aekiiowlidged the insurgents at Iloilo by paying duties to them, then Ihey would reeosnize either Spanish or insurgent authority at Iloilo and that of the United States in the harbor. They probably would do everything that both the insurgent and United States author- ities would demand of them and make under protest any payment which might be demanded. Conditions are so complicated that these headquarters do not feel at liberty to give positive instructions for your guidance, and they will be sought from Washing- ton, which as soon as received will be transmitted to you. In the mean time j-ou will not make any demand on the merchants nor interfere bv any overt act of force with the commerce of the port. It might be well to assert United States right to conduct the commerce of the port, but you can state that you have rep- resented the case to the proper authorities and are awaiting instructions. Any forcible act of detention or seizure might produce most unsatisfactory results. I inclose your prepared communication intended for the British vice-consul It is unolijectionable and should be sent to him. Since writing tlie above I understand from Captain Montgomery, of the British navy who has just returned from Iloilo, that he discussed all these matters with the Iloilo merchants, endeavoring to come to some arrangement which would be satisfactory to the I niti'd States. He reports that he advised the merchants and the English consul to trivc a promise in writing to pay duties in the future upon all goods now taken out to whomsoever they might be due after affairs had become adjusted. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Thomas H. Barry, Assistant Adjutant General. Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, „i_ ^ ^ Manila, P. I., January 21, 1899. The Commanding General, Mrst Separate Brigade, EirjhtJi Army CorjJS, Iloilo, Panay. Sir : I am directed to inform you that there will be sent out to-day by stea mer AV Paul to Iloilo a number of discharged native-Spanish troops, to wit, to the number of about IXK). These discharged soldiers hve in the southern islands, and it is thoii-ht that they will give less trouble if landed at Iloilo than if landed at other points. You will there- fore please receive them at Iloilo or in the vicinity. The vessel transporting them with its guard — a company of the First Tennessee Volunteers — will be directed bv vou to return immediately to this port. In regard to the collection of duties on merchandise at Iloilo, you were informed that your suggestions on that subject, received through Colonel Potter, would be sub- mitted to Washington for decision. They were so submitted, and the following cable- gram has been received in response : an^-ro 71^ -7 "Washington, January 19. "Otis, Manila: " "The President desires no forcible measures to be used for the nresent in collectins?- customs duties at Iloilo. ^^^ ^s, "CORBIN." You will therefore be guided by these instructions, which are in line with those sent you from these headquarters. Matters here remain in a very excited condition and conflict with the insurgent troops is avoided only by the skillful supervision of oflicers. Please report the condition of aftairs at Iloilo. Very respectfully, yours, Thomas H. Barry, Assistant Adjutant General. Still General Miller was greatly dissatisfied with his surroundings. He could not perform military service, nor could he conduct business afialrs. He was kept watching 468 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. and waiting under very unpleasant circumstances, which grew more irltsome every passing day. On February 3d, the day previous to the opening of actual hostilities at Manila, he wrote : Headquarters First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, On Board Transport Newport, IloUo Harbor, P. I., February 3, lSi)'J. The Adjutant General, Department of the Pacific, Eighth Army Corps. Sir- I have the honor to report the military situation here unchanged. The insur- gents are reported to be placing another gun in position. This is outside and near the '"^KsuS3^int;:v;":n"n"lay'having a little tix,uble. Two companies in the main barracks demanilr. I s,,iiir yn\- and better food, and threatened to take up their •irmsand eo back into the luunti vif they were not paid. The row is not yet settled. Some f 15,000 — export and import duty — have been received in the collector's office, and I presume the troops want a part of that. ^ * ..w * *v. Reports from the southern islands, Negros and Cebu, are to the effect that these peo- ple realize that they can not succeed with an independent government and want us to ^'^'l^stm feeUhat this place -Iloilo- ought to be captured. Such a step would deprive the insurgents of large receipts from customs, cripple their means to pay the soldier.s, and aroufe the people favorable to us in the southern islands to express more freely their true sentiments. I am well satisfied that a great proportion of the inhabitants of Panav, Negros, and Cebu are favorable to our occupation at once. A ikrge proportion of the supplies for the Iloilo people come from the American steamers from Manila, a trade which is carried on through the collector of the port of Manila with the insurgents at Iloilo. Is there no way to stop this trade? Cutting off supplies in this way will help to bring these people to terms. I can't understand how such a business can be carried on against the best good of our country. Very respectfully, ^^ p Miller, Brigadier General, U. S. V., Commanding. During this period rapidly succeeding significant events were fast approaching a state of war and strongly indicated the fixed dete.mination of the insurgent govern- ment to drive the United States from Luzon as soon as it could gather its armed men in sufficient numbers. It had appropriated the railway, every engine, and most of its rolling stock. It was perfecting its intrenchments around us, planting its guns, concen- trating its troops, and bringing up its army supplies, though still publicly asserting its- desire for peace. With the cunning which it had always attempted to practice in its amateur diplomacy it endeavored to force the United States to commit the first physical act of hostility in the way of musketry fire, in order to appeal to the sympathies of the foreign public for a seemingly oppressed people, which it falsely claimed to represent. In this it signally failed. The knifing and attempted shooting of our picket sentries brought no hostile response, except the killing, by the intended victim, of the assassin who had so dexterously used the knife upon him. The excitement within the city was very noticeable, and the cruelty of the "Americano" was the theme. No one seemed to be possessed of any fixed determination but the Tagalo. All others were watching for new demonstrations and waiting for developments. Manila is unparalleled for diver- sity of race and babel of tongues; also for its grade of enlightenment from barbaric ignorance to the highest civilized stage. Rumors innumerable and of the most varied character filled the atmosphere. To-day attack was imminent, and to-morrow friendly councils were about to prevail. One fairly well acquainted with the scheming In prog- re.ss and the trend of events could not reach any satisfactory conclusions on the proba- bilities of war, and to one unacquainted therewith sane conclusions were impossible. I endeavored to inform Admiral Dewey of the actual situation from day to day, and a few extracts from hastily dictated letters of that time will show how hard it was to formulate opinion. These brief extracts are also an index to swiftly recurring events. The following are furnished : Manila, P. I., January 16, 1899. I have been too busy to write, but had there been anything special to conimunicate should have done so. The city is now very quiet and people are again appearing <>n the streets, seemingly confident that no immediate disturbances are likely to ensue. * * * Our conferences with General Aguinaldo's commissioners are still in progress, ihe commissioners had a long session on Saturday evening and meetagain to-n^^^'row even- ing. The conferences seem to have quieted the atmosphere very much. The Malolos OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 469 congress on Saturday, I undcrstiind, disposed of some radical questions ijy vote. Indi- cations are that the United States Government received favorable consideration. I do not look for anything to develop in the next few days, but we are obliged to keep up constant vigilance. January 19, 1S99. * * * Everything remains quiet in the city. It is rumored this morning that insur- gents sa\- \vi' ari' only tiyiiig to prolong our conference until we can receive more troops, and that the coininissioii appointed, or to be appointed, by the President is only another rnse to gain time. Tlicir army seems to be more or less excited and Is considi'iing the matter Tvlicther it woultl not be policy to destroy us all at once, before we can get any moio soldiers. Ail this may be called street rumor, but it is very actively circulated. The insurgent army is becoming very tired of doing nothing and demands blood. Busi- ness is being transacted as usual ; a good many people on the streets and quite a num- ber returning again to town. January 21, 1S99. I was very sorry when I learned yesterday that you had withdrawn the Monterey and Concord. I said last night that there was no immediate prospect of trouble. By that expression I meant that there would be no outbreak for a day or two. From my information this morning I am convinced that the insurgents intend to try their hand in a very sliort lime — how soon lean not tell. They will not now permit us to cross their lines and have been verv insulting to our officers, calling to them that very shortly that they would '.;ive ns liati'le. My \n-<\ iiit'ornia I ion is that tliey have fully (U>termined to attack from liotli ont-ide aiiu' witliin tin eily ix/fore our addilioiial tioops arrive, and the least siiark nia\- sla:i a coullam'ation. Vour war \essels placed as formerly will not ineile th.an lo attack, hiil will add to tli.ar fears of sueeess in rase they begin it. They are no l.ni-er amenable lo reasi,n; the Inwei- eleirants have gaiiu-d control and their colli;! es> i-^ powerless lo niai\a'-;e them. '11 le b; St Mlipjnos in the city sa.v that they are going to ali.ack tlie cit,\', and thai they will do it ver\- soon, enteitaining the insane idea that tliey can drive us out. 8hf)uld they attack, the tight will be over before your ves- sels can reach the points where they were formerly placed. I am sending out to-day for Uoilo a transpoii with (iOO discharged native-Spanish sol- diers who live in the southern islands, and am trying to get rid of about l,.500of these native troops whose homes are in Luzon. They are all insurgents now and give us trouble in the city. January 23, 1899. * * * No excititing developments this morning. Another conference was held yes- terday between Aguinaldo's and our representatives, resulting in very little. It was adjourned until next Wednesday. Aguinaldo is insisting upon the recognition of inde- pendence and the return of the Ahhie and the launches. I understand that the Malolos congress passed the prf)poscd constitulion witli the clause inserted which Mabini insisted on, viz, "Placing tin- jiow ei- i e i he bands .if Aguinaldo to declare war." The city is very quiet. ^'esier(la> we ;'oi rid ,,f j,(; of the discharged Spanish native troops, sending them i\o\\n Ww li.iy. WC have slill remaining ,".15 of the Macabebes who are afraid to go out of Manila, and aiionl :;(io oi her ii:iii\es who want to stay here. I had a long talk wilh (eai ral Kio- .\-.-:|cr(lay. Il^-ays liiat t bei-e are li4 officers with servants, on his vessel, and consiibiable monev. which be would liiie to have remain there, and 71 passenu'irs, 1m sides t be sold iers and ci'ew ; t liat tbeoliicers belong to organ- ization- w bicli have been disbanded, and that tbey came liei-i' with their families and proixaiN with liie intention (jf going back lo^^pain by first available transport at their own expense, and be does not v/ant the soldiers or troops to land. I have directed the captain of the port to l.-md the officers and passengers and to keep the vessel in the harbor. * * * .Xoi ding this morning from Washington. The dispatch of yesterday directed me to make siienuous efforts to have insurgents release Spanish prisoners whom they hold. 1 reijlied that my influence was not great at present, and that I had made such an effort to release the Spanish priests that I was now accused of being in partnership with the archbishop. January 3i, 1S99. Things look a little ominous to-da.y. You have undoubtedly .seen in the papers an account of yesterday's affairs at Malolos, viz : The proclaiming of the constitution, the proclaiming of Aguinaldo as president, captain general, and everything else, and the speech delivered by Paterno, in which he announced that they would drive the invader fromthesoil. l-A-erything points to their deterininatlon to attack us, if tbe,\- can per- suade themselves that Ibey can do so successfull,\-, before the rci;idar regimeids arrive. This isconflrmed in a great many ways and I am sure ji is the poli<>_s on whi know the dangers of an out- break at any moment, and we are holding all troops well in hand constantly. The business men of all nationalities are intently watching developments. 'I'be revolu- tionary government seems to be in the ascendancy, and our former Filipino friends who favored annexation a short time ago are, for personal safety, giving a sort of adlierence to the Malolos government. All this I fully know, and a great deal more which I can tell you first opportunity, but which it would not be prudent to write. The Cavite Filipinos went out to join the insurgent ranks during the inspection and review in that zone by their secretary of war — at least sol think— and they can quickly go back to the ranks at any time they ma.y be called upon to do so. 470 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. February .?,' ISiiO. One of the * * * launches arrived yesterday, cleared from Hongkong ; she is one of the three of which * * * wrote, and concerning which I reported tliat from infor- mation received here that I was quite certain was about to bring arms. Upon arrival her cargo tallied with her manifest and she was apparently all right. * * * The officer in charge explained that she was about two days late in arriving owing to bad weather, which compelled her to lie off the coast. These two days gave her time to run to the coast and discharge. * * * Yesterday afternoon General MacArthur, whose troops north of the Pasig have experienced trouble with the insurgents who have passed over his lines, sent Major Strong, his adjutant general, out to the officer in command to demand an explanation. Strong, on passing our lines, was placed under a strong insurgent guard and taken to Mandaloyau, a point on the Pasig a( ro'^s the Sun Juan River. There he found the officer in charge and quite a considi^-i^iblr in-urunMit force taking from several boxes a quantity of n&w revolvers and Mausir ililc^ which had just been received. Spanish prisoners were there (the Spanish i)iis.iii< in whom the insurgents hold) putting the parts of the rifles together and making tliini really for distribution. * * * There has been a great deal of friction aluii-; the lines the past two days, and we will be unable to tamely submit to the insultiim coiiduet and threatening demonstrations ol these insurgents much longer. 1 am iiifoi mcd, nowcvci-, that the cliicf men of the insurgent government desire to avoid :mi\- cunllici at pnscni : i«issiiiiy fur ilic reason that they are expecting to receive arms \ei-> Mnm. pos^ilily l)ecause iiie.x- lear they may not be successful at the present time, ami |M)s-ilil\- because the\- may have a behef that they can secure what they desire without conflict. They are constantly asking me to make concessions, that they may be able to control their troops. They have seized a number of our men, and some, I think, inside our lines. Yesterday I sent Lieutenant Haaii, of the Engineer Corps, to Malolos to secure the release of the men ; he did not return last evening, but telegraphed me from Malolos that he would explain his delay on his return, which he intimated would be to-day. The city is quiet, though there is a vast amount of underlying excitement. We are constantly losing our employes. Yesterday seven of our men at our Malacanan quarters left us suddenly to join the insurgents, so we are now very shorthanded. They stole and took with them whatever they could And of value, one of them driving oixt of the lines Colonel Barry's carriage, which we consider lost property. Notwithstanding these ominous signs, unremitting exertions were continually being made for a satisfactory solution of affairs. On the 11th of January I had sent my adju- tant general. Colonel Barry, to Malolos, directing him to bear a written message to Agui- naldo, procure a personal interview with him if possible, acquaint him fully with the efforts we were making to preserve the peace, and impress upon him the necessity for more conservative action on the part of his troops. At this time a visit by an ofllcer at the insurgent capital was not considered an agreeable pastime, as he was liable to receive gross insults. Colonel Barry, however, met with little difficulty, presented him- self .at Aguinaldo's headquarters, and requested of his secretary permission to pay his respects in person, stating that he was the bearer of an important communication con- cerning which General Otis desired him to confer with the general. Aguinaldo's secre- tary received the letter, stating that he would present it and make known General Otls's request. Soon after he returned, conveying General Aguinaldo's regrets that press of business did not permit him to accord the personal Interview requested, and the colonel was referred to President Mabini, of the cabinet. Mabini received him graciously, and quite a lengthy interview followed. Mabini assured him, in substance, that the insur- gent government had exerted itself to maintain friendly relations with the Americans ; had thus far succeeded; that it would continue to make exertion to this end, but that it could not control its people beyond a certain point, as they were greatly excited ; that his government would do all in its power to effect an amicable adjustment of pending difficulties. The communication which Colonel Barry presented was the one of January 9th in response to Aguinaldo's letter of that date, in which he announced the appoint- ment of the insurgent commission and which appears on a former page. I will now quote from my report to the Adjutant General of the Army of April 6th, in which I submitted a statement of the services of our troops during February, and endeavored to present succinctly the more important actions with resulting causes from which war ensued : During the latter part of January the insurgents along their established lines and within the city exhibited increased aggressiveness, assuming a defiant attitude, so much so that our troops were gathered well in hand to meet any demonstrations which might be attempted. Insurgent armed parties entered far within our lines and defied our troops to resist their approach. To arrest these proceedings, our officers, and citizens of Manila connected with the insurgent government, were sent to insurgent general officers at various places along their lines to request that they keep their men in check, which OREGON VOLUNTKEKS IN SPANISH WAR. 471 the latter invariably promised to do, paying, however, little heed to their promises. On February 1st a small detachment belonging to our engineer company was arrested \yithin our "territory and sent to Malolos. This act brought on the following corre- spondence : "Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, "Manila, P. I., February 2, 1S99. "General Emilio Aguinaldo, "Commanding Filipino Hevolutionary Forces, Malolos. " Generai, : I have the honor to inform you that a small party of engineers, consist- ing of a sergeant and four privates, who are engaged in making surveys for the comple- tion of the map of Manila, which the Engineer Corps is now busy in perfecting, has been missing for two or three days and is reported to be confined in Malolos. The detachment was sent ovit to do work witliin the city, witli directions to eontine itself to the city and suhurban lines. Whv tlu'v wiv arr.sti-d I do not understand, nor can I imagine for what reason tliev are held at Malilu^. 1 ajn also informed that a citizen connected with Hhil>its all foreigners from approaching our defen- sive works, takinir i>h<>t"L'rapliic views of the same, drawing plans, or entering our terri- tory witii arms, althouifh fi-ee transit is permitted all who are unarmed. "The correspondent of Harper's Weekly was arrested in San Juan del Monte taking photographic views, and tlie proof of this is that in care of Colonel Miguel he has been sent his camera and his horse. " I must state that in consideration of the friendship of the Filipino people for the Americans the said soldiers have not been imprisoned, but detained in accordam-e with the spirit of the decree of October 20th last. They have been lodged in the (iobierno Militar and have been issued the daily rations of our olHcers. If they have been uncom- fortable it is due to the excessive sobriety of our race and soldiers, who are accustomed to eat but little and sleep on the hard ground. "With these explanations I believe. General, you will understand the motive for the detention of your soldiers to-day liberated and who have been treated with all due con- sideration. "I therefore hope that your determination may be another motive on which to base our friendly relations witl'i the great American Republic, and in consideration of this I also decree the liberty of the correspondent referred to. "I am. General, as ever, your obedient servant, Emilio Aguinaldo." It will be observed that the insurgent government insisted that this engineer party was arrested outside of our small field of operations, which I am confident was not the fact, but the correspondence is given to show the efforts of the American authorities to sustain the peace. During all this time our officers and men were insulted and openly proclaimed to be cowards ; our outposts were attacked at night, and the impression became general that the insurgents, notwithstanding our efforts, would indulge soon in open attack, in the belief apparently entertained by them that they would meet with feeble resistance. During the entire month of January they had labored incessantly to strongly intrench their lines and place their artillery in position, and boasted freely of their intentions to soon drive the American forces out of Manila. On the night of 472 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Febi-nary 2d they sent a strong detachment to draw the fire of our outposts, which tools up a position immediately in front and within a few yards of the same. The outpost was strengthened by a few of our men, who silently bore their taunts and abuse the entire night. This was reported to me by General MacArthur, whom I directed to com- municate with theofflcer in command of the insurgent troops concerned. His prepared letter was shown me and approved, and the reply received (both papers found in General MacArthur's accompanying report) was all that could be desired. However, the agree- ment was ignored by the insurgents, and on the evening of February 4th another demonstration was made on one of our small outposts, which occupied a retired posi- tion at least one hundred and fifty yards within the line which had been mutually agreed upon — an insurgent approaching the picket and refusing to halt or answer when challenged. The result was that our picket discharged his piece, when the insurgent troops near Santa Mesa opened a spirited fire on our troops there stationed. The insurgents had thus succeeded in drawing the fire of a small outpost, which they had evidently labored with all their ingenuity to accomplish, in order to justify in some way their premeditated attack. It is not believed that the chief Insurgent leaders wished to open hostilities at this time, as they were not completely prepared to assume the initiative. They desired two or three days more to perfect their arrange- ments, but the zeal of their armj- brought on the crisis which precipitated their pre- meditated action. They could not have delayed long, however, for it was their object to force an issue before American troops, then en route, could arrive in Manila. We now take up for review the more important affairs of the second period of the year which this directed report must present — the period extending from February 4, 1899, to the present date. The returns of the United States troops rendered on January 31st gave a numerical strength present in the Philippines of eight hundred and nineteen commissioned ofHcers and twenty thousand and thirty-two enlisted men. Of these seventy-seven ofHcers and two thousand three hundred and thirty-eight enlisted men were absent in Cavite and at Hollo Harbor. These numbers included all officers and enlisted men belonging to the line or attached to staff corps, a good many of whom had been detached for service in the various branches of civil administration which had been inaugurated or reetab- lished. On February 2d I cabled to Washington that the deaths in all organizations since their ai-rival in the islands numbered two hundred and twenty, of which forty-one were due to the casualties of battle and accident, that sixty-four had been caused by typhoid fever, forty-three by smallpox, twenty-two by dysentery, eight by malarial fevers, and the others were due to various diseases ; that the prevalence of smallpox cau.sed apprehension, but that the entire command had been vaccinated several times, and twelve physicians, mostly resident, had been engaged several weeks in vaccinating natives ; that nine per cent of the command was then reported sick, but that the great majority of all ailments were slight in character. Subtracting from the entire numerical strength of all troops present in the islands, those at Cavite and Iloilo, the sick, those serving in the civil departments, and those belonging strictly to and doing duty in the staff organizations, the effective men of the line, officers and soldiers, were about fourteen thousand. Of these, three thousand belonged to the provost guard and were expected to check the demonstrations of the natives and preserve order within Manila. The troops were occupying a great many buildings located in the various parts of the city, and it was the declared intention of the secret hostile organizations in our midst to burn them as soon as our troops should be called to the lines of defense determined upon in order to resist the insurgent attack from without, as well as to destroy by Are the more important business sections. For this purpose they had provided themselves with a considerable quantity of kerosene oil, some of which had previously been seized or confiscated. It was necessary, therefore, to detail an efficient permanent guard to protect each bari-ack building, which was made up partially of special duty men. And it might be remarked here that a curious feature of the insurgent plan of making war, which its soldiers invariably practiced for two months after active hostilities com- menced, was to burn property indiscriminately, following Russia's example during OREGON VOLUNTEKRS FN SrANlSH WAK. 473 Napoleon's advance on Moscow, of which they had heard, or Spain's practice in the islands when the natives were considered to deserve chastisement. After estimating the necessities for the proper protection of the city, it was ascer- tained that we had abont ten thousand men availalable with whom to meet Aguinaldo's concentrated army, variously estimated at from twenty to thirty thousand, but we had the interior of the circumscribed half-circle which was occupied by his troops — his flanks resting on Manila Bay north and south of the city and about five miles distant from each other, and his center about four miles east of the walled town, cut by the Pasig River. The river was not fordable and there were no means of crossing it, except by small boats, hence insurgent troops of one wing could not give support to the other in order to meet any emergency of battle which might arise. We therefore had no fear for results in so far as the eflPorts of the encircling force were concerned. To a Washing- ton dispatch of inquiry received about February 1st, I replied that in case hostilities were forced upon us we could handle Aguinaldo's army, and only feared the burning of the city by tlie unfriendly partially organized portion of the inhabitants. Several weeks previous to this date we had moved the Nebraska regiment from its barracks In the thickly settled Binondo district to the high, unoccupied ground at Santa :ilesa, the most eastern suburb of the city, where it was placed in camp. This change was made for sanitary reasons solely, as the regiment had been suffering from a very high rate of sickness caused by unhealthy locality. The new location was within the view and the range of the Mauser rifles of the insurgents along the San Juan River por- tion of their line. During the latter part of January I was informed by good Filipino authority that the insurgents meditated an attack on these troops and was advised to remove them or, in their exposed place, the insurgents would kill them all. General MacArthur, who commanded north of the Pasig, warned Colonel Stotseuberg, who com- manded that regiment and camp, and placed two guns of the Utah Artillery in position a short distance removed therefrom. It was expected that the insurgents would make the initiative at this point and they acted strictly in accordance with our anticipations. General Aguinaldo Avas now at the zenith of his power. He had recently repressed rebellion which had raised its head in central Luzon. He had assembled a pliant con- gress, many members of which had been appointed by him to represent far distant congressional districts, and which had voted him the dictator of the lives and fortunes of all the Inhabitants of the Philippines. He dominated Manila, and when he ordered that the birthday of the martyred Rizal should be appropriately observed there, busi- ness was paralyzed and not a native dared to pursue his accustomed daily labors. Not a province had the courage to oppose his appointed governors, backed by their Tagalo guards, although a few of those governors had previously sufTered martyrdom for the zeal exhibited in collecting money and sequestering private property. The southern Islands were obedient. The appointed governor for one, and that one not eager for inde- pendence, wrote in January : To the Honorable President of the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines : Honorable Sir: This government has received the respected communication from the presldcucv under your coiuniand, ordering that under no pretext wliatevcr are American or other foix^iirn troops to be peruiilteci to land on tins island, wlneli order it willbeniv pleasant duty to comply with as far as llieseanly foives nn.ler ni y eonimand will permit. 1 have, under to-day's date, ordered the oflu-lals nnth'r my command in charge of the towns of this province to follow the same instructions, under pain of the most severe penalties. I have the honor to reply as above to the communication before cited. God guard you for many years for our liberty and independence. He was hailed from Europe as the savior of his country and as first of " the generous and noble Tagalo people," and was assured of "the sympathy of all liberal and noble nations." He was called upon to take a prominent part in United States polities, and those extending the invitation said : President Aguinaldo : Dear Sir : In the interest and welfare of the Ulipino Republic, I take the liberty to write you regarding an educational work to he published in this country representing 474 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. the views of the antlexpaiislon party, or the people who wish to see a free and independ- ent Philippine republic. The object of this work is to increase public sentiment against annexation of the Philippines. Therefore, believing that some facts from the pen of your honor would strengthen the cause, I am authorized to ask certain questions. First. Will you kindly state the percent of those who wish annexation to the United States, if such there be? Second. Will the natives take constant interest in political affairs under self-govern- ment ? Third. Are they upon recognition ready to drop their arms and enter upon an enter- prising industrial life? After answering these questions, a short article regarding the Philippine feeling toward this country and their wished for Independence will be appreciated, and I am confident will very materially strengthen this cause in the election to decide the policy of onr country. Hopingyour sincere love for your people will insure an immediate reply, I remain, Very respectfully. He was confident that the great majority of people of the United States justified him in his rebellion, and as for its soldiers whom he had shut up in Manila, many sympa- thized with his people in their struggle for independence and would not fight him. To an unbeliever in this last conviction he said, "Go to the lines at Santa Ana and be con- vinced," and the man went and pretended to believe. The encouragements and friendly advice he received from foreign parts through newspapers and communications from admirers, absent delegates, and representatives assured him of an easy solution of the war problem before him if he could strike while only a few volunteers confronted him and before the regulars then en route could arrive. He therefore confidently concen- trated his well armed and ammunitioned forces to man the holes his troops had been weeks in digging and where they would be secure from attack in any event, even if suc- cess did not attend his efforts to slaughter the Americans or drive them into the waters of the bay. These preparations consummated, he prepared the outlines of his declara- tion of war, the full text of which was published at Malolos and very shortly after his hostile shots were first responded to by our troops, and without considering cause or intent. The longed for opportunity had arrived and he hastened to embrace it. The declaration was circulated in Manila the next morning, and read as follows : GENERAL ORDER TO THE PHILIPPINE ARMY. Nine o'clock p. m., this date, I received from Caloocan station a message communi- cated to me that the American forces, without prior notification or any just motive, attacked our camp at .San Juan del Monte and our forces garrisoning the blockhouses around the outskirts of Manila, cnusinf^ losses among onr soldiers, who, in view of this unexpected aggression and of tlir decided attack ot the aggressors, were obliged to defend themselves nntil tlie lirinn beeanie general all along the line. No one can deplore more tlian 1 this rupture of hostilities. I have a clear conscience that I have endeavored to avoid it at all costs, using all my efforts to preserve friendship with the army of occupation, even at the cost of not a few humiliations and many sac- rificed rights. But it is my unavoidable duty to maintain the integrity of the national honor and that of the army so unjustly attacked by those who, posing as our friends and libera- tors, attempted to dominate us in place of the Spaniards, as is shown by the grievances enumerated in my manitVst ot January 8th last; such as the continued outrages and violent exactions committed against the people of Manila, the useless conferences, and all ray frustrated efforts in favor of peace and concord. Summoned by this unexpected provocation, urged by the duties impo.sed upon me by honor and patriotism and for the defense of the nation intrusted to me, calling on God as a witness of my good faith and the uprightness of my intentions — I order and command : 1. Peace and friendly relations between the Philippine force and the American forces of occupation are broken, and the latter will be treated as enemies, with the limits pre- scribed by the laws of war. 2. American .soldiers who may be captured by the Philippine forces will be treated as prisoners of war. 3. This proclamation shall be communicated to the accredited consuls of Manila, and to congress, in order that it may accord the suspension of the constitutional guaranties and the resulting declaration of war. Given at Malolos, February 4, 1899. Emilio Aguinaldo, Oeneralin Chief. TO THE PHILIPPINE PEOPLE. By my proclamation of yesterday I have published the outbreak of hostilities between the Philippine forces and the American forces of occupation in Manila, unjustly and unexpectedly provoked by the latter. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 475 In mv manifest of January sth last I puhlislu'd the Krievanc.'s suffered by the T'hilip- pine forces at the hands of llie army of o.-cupaliou. Tlie .-onstant outrages and taunts, which have caused the misery of thr people of Manila, and, linally, the useless coufei^ ences and the contempi shown the Philippine governmeut prove the premeditated ''\"k\io\v'that war has always produced great losses ; I know that the Philippine people have not vet recovired trom past losses, and are not in the condition to endure others Hut 1 also luiow l)v experience how bitter is slavery, and by experience I know that we isliould sacritice all on the altar of our honor and of the national integrity so "'T'have tried to avoid, as far as it has been possible for nie to do so, armed conflict, in, niv endeavors to assure our independence and pacific means and to avoid more i-ostly sai-ritiees. Hut all mv ell'orts have been useless against the measureless piide of the American (Jovernment and of its representatives in these islands, who have treated me as a rebel lieivuise I defend the sacred interests of my country and do not make myself an instr\imiiil of their dastardly intentions. ^ ^-^ Past (aniiMi'iis will have convinced you that the people are strong when they wish to be so W itliMut arms we have driven from our beloved country our ancient masters, and without arms we can repulse the foreign invasion as long as we wish to do so. Providence always has means in reserve and prompt help for the weak in order that they may not be annihilated by the strong; that justice may be done and humanity Be ni)t discouraged. Our independence has been watered by the generous blood of our martyrs. Blood which may be shed in the future will strengthen it. Nature has never despised generous sacrifices. , ^ ., . But remember that in order that our eflforts may not be wasted, that our vows may be listened to, that our ends may be gained, it is indispensable that we adjust our actions to the rules of law and of right, learning to triumph over our enemies and to conquer our own evil passions. Emilio Aguinaldo, Malolos, February 5, 1S99. President of the Philippine Republic. The battle of Manila, which commenced at half-past 8 o'clock on the evening of Feb- ruary 4th, continued until 5 the next evening. Its details were fully reported on April 6th last, and it is not necessary to present them anew. I insert a short extract from that report to show the determination of the insurgents to provoke conflict: During the entire month of January they had labored incessantly to strongly intrench their lines and place their artillery in position. * * * On the night of February 2d they sent in a stronij deta.-hnient to draw the fire of our outpost, which took up a posi- tion immediately in front of and witliin a few yards of the same. The outpost was strengthened hv'a few men, wht) silently bore the detachment's taunts and abuse the entire night. This was reported me by General MacArthur, whom I directed to com- municate with the oJhcer in command of the insurgent troops concerned. His prepared letter was shown me and aoproved, and the reply (both papers found in General Mac- Arthur's accompanving report) was all tliat could be desired. However, the agreement entered into was ignored by the insurgents, and on the evening of February 4th another demonstration was made on one of our small outposts, which occupied a retired posi- tion, at least 150 yards within the line which had been mutually agreed upon, an insur- gent approaching the picket and refusing to liall or answer when challenged. The result was our picket discharged his piece, when the insurgent tn>ops near Santa Mesa opened a spirited fire on our troops there stationed. The engagement was one strictly defensive on the part of the insurgents and of vigor- ous attack by our forces, although during the night it was confined to an exchange of fire between the opposing lines on the north from the Pasig River to the Lico road, a distance of about two miles, with an occasional shot on the south side in the vicinity of Paco, and a few straggling shots on the extreme left in the direction of Caloocan. Admiral Dewey had placed two vessels a short distance ofl" shore to the north and one to the south of our flanks, where they rested on Manila Bay, and shortly after day- break on the Sth I telegraphed him : Heavy firing all along our north front at midnight and at 4 A. M. Casual firing at Paco. Several casualties in Tondo district. Charleston and Callao could give efficient aid in that vicinity," and at G.50 A. m. I wired him that "firing continues; few casualties; a .sharp raking fire of one-half hour just to north of blockhouse on Vitas Pass would reach insurgent line and demoralize them." This was efl'ected, and the Monudnock on the south was also doing good service. At midnight General Anderson, who commanded all troops south of the Pasig, consisting of King's and Ovenshine's brigades, was directed to hold them in readiness to receive a morning attack, but not to attack until further instructed. Our immediate interests lay to the northeast and comprised the pumping station and deposito of the waterworks, which it was necessary to secure, although we had provided for their loss, in so far as the army was concerned, by erecting a number of distilling plants along the river banks, by which 476 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. good water could be obtained. Stotsenburg had attacked early in the morning, drove the enemy from the blockhouses in his front, and reported that he could capture the powder magazine and waterworks (deposito meaning, through pumping station under- stood at the time,) if desired. MacArthur had been pressing back the enemy in his entire front, inflicting heavy loss. He had called for troops to fill gap on Stotsenburg's left, and a battalion of the First Tennessee Regiment of the provost guard, under the command of its colonel, was sent to him, and the following correspondence by telegraph ensued: General MacArthur: Stotsenburg reports, "Have captured blockhouses 6 and 7; burned 6. Can capture powder magazine and waterworks if desired." Battalion P'irst Tennessee has passed to report to you. Let Stotsenburg go ahead with aid of Tennessee, if conditions permit, and capture magazine. Waterworks must wait. Not prudent to advance small force so far out Otis. General OTIS: Am niaUini; iii.|uiiies at varicms parts of line to determine expediency of iiiovinii SiMisiMiliiu- a- .Mill sii--e^(,s.. av Id extend entire line fmni Maraqnina to Caln,,ran. --h.i-,, i,liiii--< -u.r, -- ,,n li-hl nia> have induced them to ret ire on the left. Tills I am now t r\ iim to a>oita i n. I lo you approve of this movement if I tind it expe- dient ? MacArthur. General MacArthur : Do not think extension of onr line from Maraquina to Caloo- can prudent. Our Hank would be greatly exposed at Maraquina. You had all your available troops underarms all night, and portions of them must have rest and sleep, so that you could not place more than 3,000 men on line permanently. I think Stotsen- berg meant reservoir and not waterworks. Otis. The Nebraska regiment and Tennessee battalion advanced rapidly during the morn- ing and captured the powder house and deposito, and the South Dakota regiment on the left drove the enemy from all their iatrenchments as far to the westward as the Lico road, and about noon the following telegram was sent to General MacArthur: Reported that insurgent troops were arriving all night and this morning for service in your front. Think line you suggest from coast to Chinese hospital your proper one, not permitting Stotsenberg to expose your right flank unnecessarily. The insurgents had firm possession of the railway and all of its rolling stock, and were utilizing it to the best advantage in forwarding to Caloocan its troops from the north. To my dispatch General MacArthur i-eplied as follows : Have your dispatch. Will act accordingly and try and occcupy Chinese hospital and extend the line to the left from that point We have everything now to include block- house 4, and 1 have no doubt when Colonel Kessler gets a gun, which I have sent to the front, we will demolish and occupy the hospital if it is still defended by the insurgents. At 11.20 a. m. .Siutseuburg is crossing San Juan River at the bridge. Have authorized him to proceed according to your advice, but to be prudent and not go too far, as the left of the insurgent line still holding on, or at all events not yet occupied by us. This line was established during the afternoon, and General MacArthur had little to contend with for the remainder of the day, his chief difficulty thereafter coming from the rear, from which an occasional hostile shot was flred, and in the evening he tele- graphed he had everything at the front with the exception of two companies of the Montana, and continued : "If you will look at the map you will see that my line extends from a point opposite San Pedro Macati to the bay. It will hardly be possible to bring anybody in to-night, as new demands may arise. I suggest, but do not request, that a battalion be sent here for an extraordinary reserve, to be placed along the Lico road to Calle Iris. Two companies were borrowed from the provost guard and placed as requested. The troops of General Anderson became eager to attack the enemy early on the morn- ing of the 5th, and at 7.48 o'clock permission was granted, the general being cautioned : " Do not advance too far, and look out for your flanks and the Monadnock." General King had asked to swing his brigade, the left of which rested on the Pasig near Santa Ana, to the left, thereby driving the enemy in his front to the river, where he would have them at his mercy. This was authorized, and the Californias, Washingtons, and Idahos responding with great vigor, the movement was attended with signal suc- cess. The insurgent casualties here were very heavy and many were drowned in the OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 477 Pasig, having attempted to cross it to escape punishment. Meanwhile the right of Anderson's line, which was confronted by an almost impenetrable thicket, was meeting with serious difficulties. It had driven the insurgents from their intrenchments on the extreme right, but at the center in the jungle and swamp they held on with great tenac- ity. This position was pressed by a portion of the Fourteenth Infantry, under Captain Murphy, and Wheeler's troop of the Fourth Cavalry, which advanced slowly, shooting the insurgents in their formidable intrenchments, which they had constructed therein, as they refused to yield. At 11 o'clock a. m. I telegraphed General Anderson as follows : Establish your final line from coast opposite Pasay to San Pedro Macati. This gives you a short line and command of all the roads leading to the north and fairly open country. You can undertake it as soon as Murphy overcomes difficulty in his front. The North Dakotas can advance along coast of bay near Pasay. You can attend to all this as soon as you are sure of capturing San Pedro Macati. And I thereupon telegraphed Admiral Dewey as follows : Have directed Anderson to establish southern line between Pasay and San Pedro Macati on Pasig. He will move down as soon as he has full possession of San Pedro Macati, which will soon fall into his hands. Will you keep vessel to the front to assist advance down coast? General Anderson seemed doubtful if his troops could obtain possession of the indi- cated line (the Pasig and San Pedro Macati road) that afternoon on account of the diffi- culty experienced at his center. He had telegraphed from Batterj' Knoll, right of Paco bridge, at 12.30 p. m.: King has taken Santa Ana; 200 prisoners. Many Filipinos reported killed. Our loss unknown ; believed not to be heavy. Ovcnsliine has t'lcarcd his front on !iis rit;lit, driv- ing them back to our old intrenchments. (apt.iin Mur[>l\y said to lia\ !■ advanced to blockhouse 14, but insurgents still hold flankinj; position oi'i his rii^hi. Have sent down one gun which has opened on them, but do not know with what results. Firing still continues. Last seen of Smith (colonel of California regiment, meaning) was advancing on the right with two battalions and entering San Pedro Macati. Prevent insurgent reijnforcenients crossing river. And later he telegraphed from Paco bridge as follows : Major General Anderson presents his compliments and says that he has sent all available troops to rout insurgents on Captain Murphy's flank, but that present force is inadeauate to accomplish this. He requests that he be reenforced with a battalion from General Hughes's command, and with these he is confident he can drive insurgents out. Another battalion of the Tennessee regiment was borrowed from the provost mar- shal and was conducted by my aid, Captain Sanders, to the center of this line, but did not arrive until the ground had been carried. I had sent Lieutenant Colonels Crowder and Potter to make known to General Anderson the particulars of the movement desired, and finally, fearing that some mis- understanding might result, explained to Lieutenant Colonel Barry, my Adjutant Gen- eral, all particulars, making careful reference to the map, and dispatched him to confer with General Ovenshine. He went direct to that officer, whose troops on the right of the line had returned to the original position of the morning, fearing the shells from the guns of the Monadnock, which struck uncomfortably near. When Colonel Barry explained fully to him what was expected of his troops he at once took up the advance, swinging a part of his line to the left, attacking the enemy in the flank — whom he .soon routed and drove beyond the range of fire— and placed his entire hnc firmly on the Pasay road. At 4.80 o'clock Colonel Barry telegraphed me as follows : Have just returned from the fight in front of Murphy's position. Insurgents driven out in sharp fight when General Ovenshine advanced toward Pasay. Little loss to our forces, but insurgents badly handled. Many killed. Will see General Anderson, then return to Malacanan. Wordhas just been received that Ovenshine has taken Pasay without resi.siance. Anderson at San Pedro Macati. Will return to Malacanan. At 4.45 I telegraphed General Anderson as follows : First North Dakota, Fourteenth Infantry, and Fourth C^avalry on Pasay road. King must fall out and take position on that road to-night. That will be vour permanent line. If you can spare Tennessee return it. May be trouble in Tondo and Binondo to-night. MacArthur's troops occupying position far in advance of this morning and all on the line. 478 OREGON V0LUNTEF:RS in SPANISH WAR. During the night of February 4th and the following day the inhabitants of the city were greatly agitated, fearing for their personal safety. Streets were almost deserted, except by our troops. Two or three attempts were made to assemble by the secret mili- tary organizations, but were promptly checked by Brigadier General Hughes, the pro- vost marshal general, who had admirably placed and retained his force at the most important points. His action was quick and decisive. Early on the morning of the oth his police companies so effectively delivered their fire upon these assembling organiza- tions that they were dispersed and discouraged. Their loss in killed could not have exceeded fifty or sixty, but they made no further very dangerous demonstrations until the night of February 23d, when they suffered a severe experience for their temerity. At the close of the day on the 5th Admiral Dewey inquired concerning the situation, and was replied to as follows : Situation satisfactory. On south we hold road from Tasay to San Pedro Macati On the north we hold the water reservoir. San .luaii del Monte, and all lilocUlionses Country pcarcful and city quiet. Troops foii-ht niagniflcentlv. Iiisurnviit dead between 500 and 1,000. Lots of prisoners and 2 Krupp guns caiitured In^ur-'^ents demoralized. We owe gratitude for your great aid. Our casualties for the day in killed and wounded numbered about two hundred and fifty. Those of the insurgents will never be known. Our hospitals were filled with their wounded, our prisons with their captured, and we buried seven hundred of them. Their loss was estimated at three thousand, and considering the number who died on the field of battle, might be deemed conservative. On February 6th it was ascertained that Colonel Smith, with his Californians, had not halted at San Pedro Macati, but had pursued the fieeing enemy up the Pasig River. No one seemed to know definitely his location, except that it was somewhere in the vicinity of the towns of Pasig, Pateros, or Taguig. He had gone on with two battalions of his regiment and occupied these villages, receiving the written surrender of the inhabitants. General Anderson was directed to withdraw him at once to the Pasay road, which he did not reach until the 8th of the month. The enemy took possession of the towns which he had evacuated upon his directed withdrawal, and celebrated victory. They had been collecting to the east of the town of Pasig and on the .south, and there was danger that they would cut oft" Smith's retreat, in case he did not fall back without delay to his directed position. A movement from the southern line was not considered advisable, as the bulk of insurgent troops were again concentrating on the north in the vicinity of Caloocan, and the short, admirable southern line which we had established was easily defended and could spare troops for any emergency at the north. On the morning of the 6th our attention was given to the large number of partisans or bushwhackers, mostly in the rear of our lines, who were continually firing from nipa huts, or other places of concealment, upon our passing transportation, messengers, and detachments. Nearly all the barrack guards had been forwarded to the front, and the provost guard was widely dispersed on the outskirts of the city. In some instances it was necessary to resort to radical measures and destroy many of the nipa huts which, situated in the bamboo and banana thickets, gave protection to scattered insurgents who doubtless belonged to the interior organizations or city Insurgent militia. The day was devoted to the removal of the dangerous and threatening obstacles and the burial of the dead. About noon Colonel Stotsenburg telegraphed from Deposito, or water reservoir, the following : General MacArthur instructs ini' to wire sungeslions about waterworks. They .should be taken and line of \n\K- ocrui)ic(l and guarded. 1 think I can do it from here, and if necessary run tlic pumps, occupying tlir high ground in the rear, and connecting with the left of the First Division at San IVdro Macati. My command consists of the First Nebraska, Tennessee battalion, the 2 companies of the Colorado regiment, and 4 pieces of artillery. There is no engineer at the waterworks and no coal. I do not think we shall find any difficulty between here and there. Stotsenburg's command was augmented by a battalion of the Twenty-third Infantry from the provost guard, under the command of Major Goodale, and he was directed to proceed and carry out his plan. Later that evening I sent for General Hale, who com- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 479 mauded the right brigade of MacArthur's line, informing him that I had just received information that a part of Stotsenburg's command was in difftculty, having been attacked by insurgents, and that it was short of ammunition and without water. Hale at once proceeded to the Deposito, and wired me that Stotsenburg upon leaving the water \vorlis had ordered Goodale to take his battalion out the Maraquina road, extending his right to connect with his (Stotsenburg's) left, and continued : Although I had not contemplated sending any troops to Maraquina, I did not con- sider it desirable to change orders and leave Stotsenburg's left fiank witliout tlic protec- tion he was anticipating, and as there was little resistance met lliroimli tln' district traveled, and as we heard no firing on our left, there appeared no special ilaii^'i'r in (loodale's position. We threw some shells in the direction of tlie liead(iu;uters at Maraquina to show them that they were covered b.v artillery fire and to deter them from any attack they might make on Goodale's command. General Hale ascertained that the reports which I had received were greatly exag- gerated and that no portion of Stotsenburg's command was in any immediate danger. He at once adopted measures to keep open communication with the pumping station, which Stotsenburg had successfully reached, by means of large detachments which patrolled the four miles of road between Deposito and the station, and the following morning I received this telegram from General Mac Arthur: Stotsenburg just reoorts that he has found the missing pump machinery, that insur- gents have abandoned Maraquina, and that 10 companies went toward Pasig. This command has been actively engaged since Friday and wants to rest to-day and to-mor- row. I liave authorized liiiii to do so and not to make any further active movement of any kind witliout speciHc orders. Large band of insurgents, armed and equipped, mov- ing toward Pasig. Kecommend sending gunboat up river to prevent them crossing. Seem to be concentrating south of Pasig. Captain Randolph is now here and I can give him any orders you wish. To which reply was made : Order Captain Randolph to take the gunboat to San Pedro Macati and remain in that vicinity. Information will be forwarded to him at that point. Acknowledge and report action. The gunboat referred to was a former Pasig River passenger steamboat known as the Laguna de Bay, which we had seized, though subsequently purchased, about two weeks before active hostilities commenced, for service on the Upper Pasig, should occasion require. On her we had placed machine and 6-pounder guns and heavy sheet-iron pro- tection, and detailed for duty with her two offlcers and sixty-five men. She was com- manded by Captain Randolph, of the Third Artillery, and afterwards by Captain Grant, of the Utah Artillery, who was an experienced steamboat man, having been formerly engaged as a captain of a passenger vessel plying the northern United States lakes. She was a formidable and ugly-looking craft, drawing four feet of water, gave the insurgents much uneasiness, and subsequently great fear whenever on the Pasig River, in the waters of the Laguna de Bay, or in the rivers of Bulacan province she chanced to appear. She was fearlessly handled and was considered to be equivalent to a regiment of men whenever engaged. Her repeated successes led us to purchase and put in defen- sive condition three other small light-draft river steamboats or launches, which, though inferior to the Luguna de Bay as fighting machines, have rendered excellent service. The insurgent troops, which Colonel Stotsenburg reported as moving upon the town of Pasig, at the head of the river of that name, were those which, in connection with the insurgents of the south, it was believed were about to concentrate to resist Colonel Smith and his two lost battalions of the California regiment then in that vicinity, which on the 6th had been ordered to withdraw immediately to their intended position at San Pedro Macati. On February 7th division commanders looked to the means of readily supi)lying their troops with ammunition, subsistence, and water, and whatever else might be needed. For this service we had only the primitive transportation of the country. A few days before the fighting commenced Major Devol, transportation quartermaster of the command, had been directed to assemble his hired carts at a certain locality in the city upon the first indication of active hostilities and to be prepared to seize and assem- ble there, also, all wheeled vehicles of which he could obtain possession. These iiistruc- 480 OREfiON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. tions he carried out most effectively, and the firing line was at all times supplied with ev^ery essential requirement. Citizens who suffered losses thereby were instructed to sub- mit their claims, which were promptly settled, and over $7,000 (Mexican) were paid to them on these particular accounts. A good many unauthorized seizures were made by enlisted men going to and returning from the front sent in many instances for ammuni- tion and rations. This was checked under formal orders issued on the 7th instant, and all inhabitants were compensated who thereby suffered. On the morning of the 7th Colonel Stotsenburg reported that he had found all miss- ing parts of the pumping machinery. Steps were at once taken to put this machinery in order and in the course of two days the city was receiving an abundant water supply, which continued since thas date. The demoralization of the insurgents, which the rough handling they had unexpect- edly received from the American mode of conducting warfare hitherto unknown in these islands, and pronounced by them to be new and unsoldierly, continued for two or three days. The leaders, confessing that their men were overmatched by our troops, contended that they could overcome by numbers what was lacking in individual char- acteristics. They commenced at once a reconcentration of all their forces in every direc- tion, hastening from the north by rail every available man whether armed with rifle or bolo. Still they had lost a good many of their original soldiers, who, thoroughly satis- fled with the war for independence, had escaped to their homes in distant villages. There was no lack of ammunition or subsistence for the troops on the north, but those on the south had lost through capture all the rice and cartridges which they had stored near their original lines and could not be resupplied without ditflculty. The bolo men of the city, who had remained quiet since the afternoon of the 5th, began to show again a turbulent disposition, and as early as February 8th became bold and defiant. It became necessary to make new combinations, for the insurgents still persisted in the intention to carry out their former preconceived plan of action, which was to be an attack on our front, assisted by an overwhelming uprising of the city insurgent militia. Our southern line was short and secure. The northern line had a sharp protruding angle at the Chinese church, one and one quarter miles southeast of Caloocan ; thence it extended southeasterly toward the deposito; thence south to the Pasig River with a strong outpost at the pumping station, four miles east of the deposito. The left of this was refused, running from the Chinese church to Vitas Pass in a .southwesterly direc- tion. Two battalions of the provost guard had been sent to the pumping station and other portions of it had been placed far out in the suburbs. The increased insurgent activity within the city obliged the return of all this guard for city service, and to effect it, the Wyoming battalion, three troops of the Fourth Cavalry, the North Dakota regi- ment, and two guns of Dyer's Light Battery were withdrawn from Anderson's front. The first organization relieved the Twenty-third battalion at the pumping station. The cavalry and artillery troops were sent to General MacArthur for use in the vicinity of the Chinese church, and the North Dakota regiment was placed in Malate (where an uprising was threatened) for temporary duty. General MacArthur had requested permission to swing his left on the town of Caloo- can thereby giving him an excellent continuous and direct line on good ground from that town to the deposito, but was requested to remain as quiet as possible for a couple of days until the enemy could effect complete concentration in his front, when another opportunity to punish him very severely would be presented. This he did, and on the 10th of the month (it having been i-eported that Luna had placed about four thousand insur- gents south of Caloocan in front of MacArthur's refused left) he was directed to rectify his alignment, which he accomplished on the afternoon of the 10th, by a very spirited attack on the part of the Montana, Kansas, and Pennsylvania Volunteers, and the Third Artillery (brigade of Brig. Gen. H. G. Otis) swinging on the. Chinese church as a pivot. The attack, preceded by a fire of thirty minutes from the guns of the Navy ves- sels on and in front of Caloocan, consisted of an impetuous charge which swept away every obstacle, inflicting great dan)age on the enemy, who fought stubbornly within his intrenchments for a time, but finally fled indiscriminately to the rear. Our troops pur- orp:gon volunteers in Spanish war. 481 sued beyond the line which it was intended to establish, rushed on to and over the stone walls which surrounded the Caloocan cemetery, where the insurgents had placed a strong force, which they well-nigh destroyed. Darkness coming on the troops were quickly recalled, and the line, with the left resting on Caloocan, was occupied — the extreme left being i-efused to guard against any movement from the direction of the town of Malabon. During the afternoon of February 8th I received the following dispatch from Admiral Dewey : Have sent tlag of truce to San Roque directing withdrawal of insurgent troops. If white flag is not flying at 9 A. m. to-morrow shall open with ships. Please direct colonel commanding to occupy San Roque after insurgent troops leave. This is most impor- tant in interest of navy. San Roque was a thickly populated village connected with the naval station at Cavite by a causeway over a narrow intervening sti-ip of Water and was at the mercy of the guns of the navj\ The insurgent troops formerly occupying Cavite had taken pos- session of this point, where they had been augmented by considerable accessions from the Cavite province. Our own troops, consisting of the Fifty-flrst Iowa Regiment, two California battalions of heavy artillery, the Wyoming Light Artillery, and the Nevada troop of dismounted cavalry, commanded by Colonel Loper, of the Fifty-flrst Iowa Reg- iment, occupied Cavite and guarded the causeway between the two towns. Upon receipt of the Admiral's telegram. Colonel Loper was properly instructed, and at 9 o'clock on the morning of the following day the insurgents, having kerosened San Roque, flred it and withdrew, crossing the neck which joins it to the mainland. Our troops at once took possession and by persistent eftbrts saved from destruction many of its best buildings. The inhabitants fled, preceding or accompanying the insurgents, and Colonel Loper stationed guards there and placed a force across the narrow neck of land at a point about a mile distant from Cavite, where he confronted the insurgent intrenchments on the main shore, where troops have since been maintained and from which point they have operated by reconnoissance as far as old Cavite and San Fran- cisco de Malabon. AtTairs at the open'ports of Iloilo and Cebu, for which foreign and domestic mer- chant vessels had persistently cleared, furnishing goods and paying tribute to the insur- gent authorities, and foreign men-of-war were intently watching the progress of events, gave great annoyance. The questions presented bristled with conundrums of a political character, and the United States consuls on the Asiatic coast wanted positive informa- tion of condition and status. The territory was no longer Spain's, but we still hesitated to take decisive action for fear of provoking the insurgents, or really giving them the excuse to attack us when they desired. Now this last obstacle had been removed by their determined onslaughts on Manila, and it was very important for overmastering political reasons to take possession of these southern ports, through force or otherwise, as circumstances might demand. Notwithstanding our military strength at Manila was so limited that we could not pursue into the interior the fleeing enemy, we knew our ability to worst him should he appear anywhere in our vicinity, and concluded that exigencies compelled us to clear up the fleld which we were confronting at Iloilo. On February 7th I asked authority to direct General Miller to take the place. This being received, the Tennessee regiment, which had been acting with the Manila provost guard, was forwarded to that point, sailing on the 9th instant. On the evening of the previous day I dispatched Lieutenant Colonel Potter with the following instructions: Headqtjarteks Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, ManiUi, P. I., February 8, 1899. Brigadier General Miller, U. S. V., Commanding First Separate Srigade, Eighth Army Corps, Iloilo, Panay. Sir: The commanding general directs that you occupy Iloilo with your troops as soon as practicable, having a care for the lives and property of the inhabitants of that city and giving to citizens the necessary notice to withdraw therefrom in case resistance is anticipated. 31 482 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The admiral commanding the United States naval forces on the Asiatic station will direct the commanding officers of naval vessels In the harbor of Iloilo to support you in your operations. Avoid destruction of property in so far as may be possible with successful operations, and endeavor tu pivvciii drstruVtiou of same by native troops. The lirst Tiniir<^. c nmim nt will sail for Hollo to-morrow morning, the 9th instant, and upon its airixal \<>n will he al>lf to make your dispositions. The coiunumdiuK k'H'ial tinsts to your ablility and discretion, and does not desire to give you more specific instructions", permitting full latitude of action on your part. These instructions will be handed to you by Lieutenant Colonel Potter, who leaves this evening by f^teamer Biituaii. He will remaiu with y(ni until you arc able to report the results of your action in executing these instructions, wlien you will dispatch him to these headquarters with report of same. Very respectfully, Thomas H. Barry, Assistant Adjutant Oeneral. Shortly after Lieutenant Colonel Potterarrived with instructions, and on the morning of the 10th General Miller had a conference with the commanding officers of the United States war vessels in the harbor and with certain business men in Iloilo, when the time to be given the insurgents to surrender or evacuate and for the inhabitants to withdraw from the city was determined upon. With the navy commanders the plan of battle, in case it became necessary to forcibly take the place, was discussed, but not fully agreed upon. The results arrived at are given in the following communications : Headquarters First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, On Board Transport Newport, Iloilo Harbor, P. J., February 10, 1899. Commanding General Native Forces, Iloilo : Sir: In a communication from Gen. Roque Lopez, dated December 31, 1S9S, it was stated that armed resistance would be ottered to the forces of the United States in case thev atteniplid to occupy Iloilo without the consent of General Aguinahlo. Tliis com- munication was rctVi-nd, for insi ruci ions, to Major General Otis, commanding the United States forces in the Philippine Islands. After a long delay orders have arrived, and I am now directed by him to occupy the city of Iloilo with my troops as soon as practicable. I therefore call upon you to deliver \\\< ilncity of Iloilo and adjacent terri- tory, and to surrender the armed forces occupyim; the same before sunset Saturday, the nth instant, or I shall proceed with my troops to occupy the city by force. It is requested that you give warning to all noncombatants in Iloilo, Jaro, and Molo, that in caseof resistance their city and villages will be expos.d to l,.>mbardment. Anyattempt on your part in the interim to close the Iloilo Kiv.i or to throw up or Improve any defensive works will at once be met by Are from the United States warships and my troops. Free ingress and egress to boats going to and coming from Iloilo will be permit- ted until sunset Saturday, the 11th instanf. After this time all communications must be under flag of truce. ^ , , ^ Official communication has been received by the steamship Butuan of the complete defeat and scattering of the insurgent forces in the neighborhood of Manila. Very respectfully, ^^ ^ ,, M. P. Miller, Brigadier General, U. S. V., Commandinu. Headquarters First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, On Board Transport Newport, Iloilo Harbor, P. I., February 10, 1899. To the British, German, and American Vice Consulates: In view of anticipated hostilities, notice is hereby given you to cause all persons who are under your protection to seek a place of safety before 5 a. m. Sunday, the 12ih instant. Hostilities may commence at any time after that hour and date. Very respectfully, ,, „ ,, M. P. Miller, Brigadier General, U. 8. V., Commanding. Official copies also respectfullv furnished commanding officers H. M. S. Pigmy, and U. S. S. Boston, and U. S. S. Petrel. By command of Brigadier General Miller. Chas. G. Woodward, First Lieutenant, Third U. 8. Artillery, Acting Assistant Adjutant General. The Tennessee regiment arrived at Iloilo on the night of February 10th, and next morning, about 9 o'clock, four commissioners sent by the inhabitants boarded the New- port, General Miller's vessel, to discuss the situation. While in conference two shots were heard, which were fired from one of the war vessels as warning shots to the insur- gents who were engaged in throwing up entrenchments at or near the fort located on the ORKCJON VOLUNTEKRS IN SPANISH WAR. 483 city's water line, against which proceeding they liad been warned in the letter furnished them the previous day. To these shots the insurgents replied, and at 9.30 A. m. the fort and the war vessels {the Baltimore and Petrel) became actively engaged. The army, not anticipating this action, had made very little preparations for landing its troops. The navy attack was followed by a landing of its men, the seizure of the fort, the hoists- ing of the United States flag over the same, and the entrance of the men to thecity — the insurgents retiring before landing was effected, and firing the town during their retreat. Lieutenant Colonel Potter, who was a witness and participant in the affair, made writ- ten report of the events which came under his observation. The vessels which he men- tions, namely the A7-i2on(), 8t. Paul, and Newport, were troop transports ; the Boston and Petrel, vessels of the Navy ; the Hollo and Ylcenll, launches. Colonel Potter states as follows: As we left the Arizona we saw the Boston^s boats about halfway to the shore. The captain of the 81. Paul wanted to move his vessel nearer shore, and was allowed to do so. As she anchored, her starboard boats were full, and we towed them in and landed thfui, while tlie Iloil:i(s a lew miiiutes later. T\w exact linii' of this lainlins 1 diil nol note, l.nt anci-wards sa>\ a recorded signal from the Petrel to the Jlosimi, which said it was ii' u'elork. All of this took time, as the tide was running very strong. From our launch, as we preceded the St. Paul to her anchorage near shore, we saw the flag hauled down and ours go up, and soon after saw the navy forces advancing from the fort to the first warehouse, where they appeared to stop and turn back. This afterwards proved to be only the Pe/ref'.t men, who landed on the other side of the fort, where we had not seen them, while tlie I'.nxioii's men under Lieutenant Niblack, had gone uptown. Not knowing this, I stai led un the road, where I was met by a signal man from the Petrel, who said they had reeei ved a message from the Petrel that we must be careful in advancing into town, as a ureat many insurgents were left in the buildings as well as in rille pits which were dim on either side of the street. This caused us to wait for a. sutiicieni I'oice to oeeiiiiy all side streets and advance cantiousl.v (at least half an hourbeini; thus lost), wlien, tooiii- surprise, on arriving at the customhouse, we found Lieutenant Niblack's force receiving a few shots from the enemy up river, but they had come to this point without seeing any insurgents, or hear- ing a shot. At the first shot from the Boston the insurgents began firing the town as they retreated up town along the main street, lire hein!(■(-- imving begun acts of hostility, military necessity required that action should lie taken and followed up. Such action certainly made no difterence resardini; iIk destruction of property, as it was a matter of common report that every preparation liad lucn made by the forces of the insurgents at Iloilo to set tire to the city at the first hostile sliot." In another letter, written by General Miller on the 21st of February, the following remark occurs: " I have no doubt it is owing to the premature attack that any of the buildings are saved. The plan was one of total destruction by fire." On the following day the suburb of Jaro was taken by Major Keller with a battalion of the Eighteenth Infantry and a battery of machine guns. General Miller reported as follows : "Headquarters First Separate BRir4.\DE, Eighth Army Corps, ''Iloilo, P. I., February 12, 1809. "Adjutant General, Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps : "Sir : I have the honor to report the military situation as very vexatious. We have captured Iloilo, as before reported, but the position of the insurgents has been such that all the time we are exposed to sharpshooters' fire with the Mauser rifle, and no one knows when he is safe. Jaro and Molo occupied would relieve us from this trouble, but I should have a battalion of four companies more to liold Molo. To-day at 2 p. M. I sent a reconnoissance to both Jaro and Molo — a battalion of the Tennessee to Molo and one of the Eighteenth Infantry to Jaro. At Molo no enemy was found ; at Jaro the enemy was encountered and skirmishing commenced at once. The insurgents were about 1,000 strong. Thev threw an accurate and concentrated flre. They fought well, but finally retreated to Jaro and were driven bevond it. I reenforced the first battalion with the second, and we hold Jaro to-night. ""Second Lieut. F. C. BoUes, Eighteenth Infantry, attached to the machine battery, was wounded llircmgli the left leg below the knee and one private through the lung and another through the leg. Will send specific report as soon as possible. Our troops of the Eighteenth were under the command of Major Keller, and afterward the two battalions were under the command of Colonel Van Val- zah. Major Keller's battalion, assisted by the machine gun battery, under Lieutenant Ostheim, did the work. Major Keller is an able, fearless, and brave officer; also Lieu- tenant Ostheim. I shall make recommendation about them later. "Very respectfully, ' "M. P. Miller, "Brigadier General, U. S. V., Commanding." On the 14th of Februarv Major Keller made a reconnoissance in the direction of Santa Barbara, and 4 miles from Jaro he encountered the enemy, about 500 strong, and drove them back some distance. He lost 1 noncommissioned officer killed and 1 wounded. On the l!»th of February a reconnoissance was made to Oton by a battalion of the First Tennessee Volunteers, but no enemy was found. A battalion of the First Tennessee Volunteers made a reconnoissance in the direction of San Miguel via Mandurriao on the 2.5th of February. The enemy was found a short distance beyond Mandurriao and driven back without loss to our troops. The military operations which have since taken place in Panay will be noted in a later portion of this report. As soon as Iloilo was occupied by our troops a government was established and has been successfully prosecuted. The rapid changes in the spirit, demeanor, and demonstrations of the inhabitants of Manila of all classes between the 5th and 10th of February could be Mitnessed only in a community made up of the most heterogeneous elements. On the 6th the educated busi- ness classes, foreign and native born, were surpri.singly hopeful that hostilities would soon end. The natives of the middle and working classes were sullen, though undeter- mined. The large Chinese laboring population rejoiced over the punishment of their race enemies and the opportunity offered it for looting the country from which the insurgent forces had been driven. These Chinese had followed quite closely our advan- ORKGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 4S5 cing lines and secured many minor articles of property which by them were considered of value. We had employed them, too, extensively to perform a good deal of the work connected with supplying the troops at the front, and they performed faithful service. On the 7th business became active again and the streets were thronged as usual. The night was the most exciting portion of the twenty-four hours, as the occasional shots of our sentries, the burning of nipa buildings (the work of incendiai-ies), and the fre- quently detected interchange of signals between the insurgents within and those with- out the city lines gave constant warning of the danger's which threatened us. The means of supplying subsistence for this large motley population presented a problem for solution in which new conditions continually obtruded themselves. The great majority of the population never provides for the morrow and depends upon the numerous city markets for its daily supply of food, made up almost exclusively, rice excepted, of the products of the adjacent country. That source of supply had been virtually closed since the latter part of January, and inter-island trafflc had been arrested by the event of war. On February 8th it was ofiicially reported that the insurgent troops to the east of the city had returned to the mountains and those to the south had disappeared, where- upon orders were issued to permit the resumption of trade along the Pasig River to the Laguna de Bay. This it was expected would give Manila the products of the lake coun- try, from which source she had always obtained a large portion of articles for daily consumption. No sooner, however, was this trafflc reopened than the insurgents seized the Upper Pasig country and threw a large force into the towns of Pasig, Pateros, and Taguig, which it advanced to Guadalupe, within riHe shot of San Pedro Macati, where the left of General Anderson's line rested. The bold resumption of the offensive at this point, the rapid concentration taking place at the north, and the restoration of com- munication between the northern and southern insurgent armies depressed the better social element of the city and correspondingly elevated the hopes of the hostile military organizations in our midst Active demonstrations, in attacking troops on the streets, setting fires in thickly populated districts, with an occasional murder or assassination, were resumed, and rendered it again necessary to take every precautionary measure for the city's safety. Orders were given to the division commanders to confine the duties of their men within the city to the protection of their barracks, and not permit them to pati'ol the streets, as the provost marshal general was prepared to elTectually repress any attempt on the part of the inhabitants to inflict serious damage. On the evening of February 9th I wired General MacArthur at the Chinese church, the advanced angle of his line, the following: Reported that the insurgents will attack at 3 o'clock in the morning. Their plan to attack your front in large force and at the same time to rise in your rear in Ijico district. They have been entering through Vitas swamps all day and landing at intersection of Calle Sande and Calle de Lemery at bridge. Bolo men will form between Vitas district and Lico road. About the same hour General MacArthur telegraphed : It has been necessary to reenforce the blockhouse at the mouth of Vitas Creek on account of the threatening attitude of the surrounding population. Please have the situation examined and either authorize the abandonment of the blockhouse entirely or make it part of the provost duty of the city. The company there is from Kansas, and concentration in front of that regiment is reported as still in progress. The general was directed to hold on to the position, it being considered of vital Importance, and assistance was sent to the company occupying the point. Later the general was instructed in telegram as follows : Not intended that you should keep 3 troops at Vitas Creek unless necessary to pi-otect your rear from contemplated annoyance on part of inhabitants of section. You are far out and General Hughes can not efficiently reach you. The bolo men of Tondo are rest- less to-day. The action of February lOth, already hereinbefore reported, followed, but instead of having a quieting effect on the hostile portion of the inhabitants, appeared to incite them to greater energy. Rumors of meditated uprisings were constant and were only checked by the untiring watchfulness of the provost guard. Fires in the different sec- tions of the city, mostly in f lie outskirts, were of nightly occurrence. 486 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. On February loth the provost marshal general secured an order issued by the Malolos government through the responsible officer who had raised and organized the hostile inhabitants within the city and then departed for the insurgent capital, which directed a rising that evening, and which for barbarous intent is uuequaled in these modern times of civilized warfare. A translation reads in part as follows : First. You will so dispose that at 8 o'clocli at night the individuals of the territorial militia at your order will be found united in all the streets of San Pedro armed with their " bolos" and revolvers and guns and ammunition, if convenient. Second. Philipijine faiiiilits oiilv will be respected. They should not be molested, but all other indlN Miials, of wiiat.'ver race they may be, will be exterminated without any compassion aftti- \\\r cxtcnnination of the army of occupation. ^Tliird. The dcl'iiulci'^ ol ilic Philippines in your command will attack the guard at Bilibid and liberate \\v pri^tnars and " presidiarios," and, having acroniplished this, they will bearnict!. -avin- to ihcin. "Brothers, we must avenge oursclv. General Lawton, BuliiKiq .- Please report localitir^at wliich rice and sugar found and destroyed by your scouts were captured and wluit -.1 ciion of country your .scouts are observing to-day. MacArthur's sncressat SantuTomas and San Fernando greater than at first reported. Enemy's loss was very stvt iv, they leaving some fifty or'sixtv tlcail on the field and probably a couple of hundred Titles * * * Enemy evideiuU tliini^s vou are supplied by Angat. The insurgent force at San Mateo was ready to niov<> last niulit. It is tairlv well armed, has fair amount ainnumition and plenty of rice. Subsistence and ammii- nitioii transported by extra men. \\'atcli well by scouting parties country to the east of you. Thi' repoited line of enemy's marcli is Xf)rzagaray, Angat, San Rafael, and Bustos. Also rumored tliat a force may strike at Santa Maria. General Hall will send out detachments to watch road by Novaliches. Acknowledge receipt. From all the information I was able to obtain, and from the fact that the inhabitants of the Tarlac province and to the north of the same were not strongly in sympathy with the rebellion, I was convinced that Luna's immediate army, which had confronted MacArthur's troops, would retire by Arayat, a strong natural position and strongly intrenched, into the Tagalo province of Nueva Ecija covering San Isidro, where abun- dant supplies could be obtained. As soon as MacArthur, by scouting to his front, had definitely ascertained and reported that this army had retreated on the line of railroad the situation was understood. There was one objective army on the line of railroad and another covering the country in front of Baliuag and to the east of the Rio Grande General Lawton was detained at Balluag scouting to his north and east for several successive days, taking, in the mean time Maasin, which he occupied with his advance, and capturing at various places a considerable quantity of the enemy's food supplies, which had been stored in improvi.sed granaries. General MacArthur was directed to take Bacolor and Guagua to his left and rear, and thus establish a water base at Guagua, as the railroad was not in operation beyond Bagbag, south of Calumpit, and could not be placed in condition for use as far as San Fernando in less time than ten days, at least, and the bridges not for two or three weeks. Fortunately an engine and a few cars had been captured near San Fernando and could do service north of Cal- umpit aftera slight repair of the railway track. On May 7th Captain Grant, of the Utah Artillery, with two gunboats, was instructed to proceed from Manila to Guagua with supplies for MacArthur's troops, with whom he was directed to communicate at that point. He found the entrance of the Guagua River without difficulty, proceeded upstream until Sexmoan was reached, when he was fired upon by some five hundred of the enemy strongly intrenched on a projecting point of the river ba,nk. He passed the point without responding, swung into the bank imme- diately after passing it, and opened a deadly fire, striking the insurgents in flank behind their breastworks, and quickly scattered those who were able to retire. He met no fur- ther opposition until Guagua was reached. Then he boldly ran along the city's wharves and cleared the place of the few armed insurgents present, who set fire to several buildings and retreated. Landing his men, he pursued the enemy a short distance, then assisted the citizens to extinguish the fires and retired to his boats. The San Fernando troops not appearing, he returned to Manila on the following daj\ Before Captain Grant OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 493 was directed to proceed to Guagua General MacArthur had signified his ability to com- municate with him there, but subsequently, and after Grant was beyond recall, he reported that his situation was such with regard to the enemy that he did not consider the movement on Bacolor and Guagua prudent. At the first named place there was quite a force of the enemy intrenched, and he did not think his force at that time was sutflcient to drive it oft' and hold the Guagua line while maintaining also his line of communication by rail. As soon as Captain Grant reported at Manila he was directed to find the mouth of the Rio Grande and pass up that stream to Calumpit, which place he successfully reached without marked incident on May 10th. He was then directed to proceed up the river and clear the banks of insurgents as far as Candaba, which he accomplished, having a sharp engagement at San Luis. These boats could navigate this river as far up as Arayat, a point some twelve miles northeast of San Fernando, and could keep that line open without much difficulty It was determined, therefore, to move MacArthur's troop on Luna's flank, as a further immediate advance up the rail- road was impracticable because of the impossibility of then taking supplies by that route; and after wc had secured tlie Rio Grande, on May lltli, I telegraphed MacArthur as follows : No intention to make San Fcinaiido base for future operations. You say su))ply by water at that puint iiiipraclicabic and n'c< instruction of railway necessary. Several days yet rtMHiiri'd to nacli ('aluni|>ii with lailway, and probably several more necessary to reacli San Fernanilo. Calumpit will be the base and troops supplied, for a timea't least, by eascoes to be sent there at once. There are 6 feet of water in Rio Grande to Can- daba, and it is practicable for light-draft boats to reach San Isidro. Your first objective is c'andaba, where uunlioats can meet you ; thence probably by river road north. One half light battery and your convalescents, of which 100 South Dakota men should go up to-day, will be sent you, and probably 2 battalions Seventeenth Infantry. This will carry your enlisted force to about 4,000 and should be ample to drive any force enemy can place in your front. General Lawton has a more difHcult problem. Tlie enemy has a large force at San Ildefonso and San Miguel, and it is now reported that Generals Pilar and Geronimo have reached latter point. Should J^awton be pressed hard it maybe necessary for you to give assistance by way of Candaba, otherwise he will join you on river near San Isidro. It is believed that gunboats, eascoes, and launches can supply yon on river, and it will not lie necessary for your train to carry very much supply. One battalKin Seventew 1 hope to get definite information. The following day it was ascertained that Luna had retreated on Tarlac with about three thousand men, leaving a considerable force under General Mascardo on General MacArthur's left, with headquarters at Santa Rita or in that vicinity. It was believed that a considerable insurgent force would be found at the strong defensive position of Arayat, and to that point both General Lawton and Major Kobbt5 were sent. General Lawton being instructed at midnight May 17th as follows: General Lawton, 8an Isidro : Your next objective Arayat, down Rio Grande, after troops have rested and peace restored at San Isidro. Arayat reported to be strongly intrenched. Kobb6 and gun- boats started up river this morning at (j. This early announcement, fearing telegraphic communication may be lost. On the following morning the following information was sent him : General Lawton, San Isidro : General MacArthur reports that from information almost positive he believes that 1,000 of Luna's men have retired to Floridablanca and Porae, which are to liis loft ; that Luna wi th:i.(K)0 armed nu-ii is at Tarlac. He stale's that all his inioi-nialion is loihc i'ir.'<-t that Luna has not sent assistance to the east an.l i- not liloly to do so, as i hciv is no cooperation between himand the force on the San Isidro iinr. llfstalis liiat Major Hell is on reconnoissance and now at or near Angeles; that he will not- probably herefrom him until late this evening. MacArthur's information was obtained from inhabitants of the country and an Englishman, Mr. Sims, who left Tarlac last evening and has just entered his lines. Should this information prove true, all of the force sent by you to San Miguel this morning should continue its journey to Baliuag. Troops at San Miguel can not be sup- plied during the season of heavy rains. Lawton, descending the Rio Grande, and Kobb6, ascending the stream, struck the place on the .same hour of the day ; found only a small force, there, which quickly retreated. It was now determined to operate on General Luna's left flank, Lawton, reenforced by Kobb6, to take the road to Tarlac, when it was ascertained tliat General Luna had removed his headquarters to Bayambang, only a few miles north of Dagupan, and that his troops were retiring north of Tarlac. The railway facilities which the insurgents possessed rendered a rapid retreat on their part very easy. The rainy season had now come and the volunteer organizations must be hastened homeward, and should a column be sent to Tarlac the enemy would retire, leaving us a destroyed or badly damaged railioad without the means to operate it, and we were seri- ously crippled for lack of wagon transportation. Our troops once at Tariac could not be supplied, and all were needed at other points until we could consummate the difficult feat of exchanging the volunteers for organizations of the regular establishment. We must keep what we had gained, and could do that by establishing a line to the front, extending from San Fernando on the left to Baliuag on the right, from which it would be easy to resume operations. General Lawton was recalled, a sufficient force placed at Candaba, San Luis, Calumpit, and Baliuag to hold the country in rear, and steps were taken to return and ship the volunteers as rapidly as circumstances would permit. But the condition of General MacArthur's troops was not improving. The volunteers had again become very restless and desired to depart. On June 2d the surgeon of one of these regiments reported that of eight hundred and seventy-three officers and enlisted 496 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. men thirty per cent were in the Manila hospitals sick and wounded, thirty per cent were sick at San Fernando, "and of the remainder there are not eight men in each com- pany who have the strength to endure one day's march." In respect to this report the chief surgeon of MacArthur's division remarked that he had made a careful examina- tion of the men and that of the whole number in the regiment then present only ninety- six were fit for duty. The division commander remarked on May 22d and June 5th, with regard to these and similar reports, as follows : The duty required of the men of this brigade, in common with the other commands of the division, has been severe and continuous since the Jth of February of the current year. The sun, field rations, physical exertion, and the abnormal excitement arising from almost constant exposure to fire action have operated to bring about a general enervation from which the men do nr)t sorm to loadily rpcover, althouirh the luvsent conditions are very favorable. The four icaimcnts now (in •-.cut lui vc an cnli^liil si rcngth of 3,701. Of these 1,003 are sick and \v..uii.lc(l, lc.a\ iim an cilcciivc of .'.iiiis, wlij,-h. after deducting necessary details for special duly, yields only 2..;07 tor th<' tirini; line, many of whom could not march 5 miles under the conditions which obtained from Malolos to this place. The physical condition of the men in the organization which originally commenced the campaign in this division and are still at the front has during the past month been a matter of Lii'eat concern. Tlie ditlieulties are progressive and without any apparent tlueliialion are urowin- worse from re<-isely as the fifth indorsement states. The wealvened hearts and (]Uickened pulses indicate a condition akin to that of typhoid lev m route and the Montana regiment will soon follow. 1 think, like the ( n-ei^on icuimeni, when orders to take passage to tlie I'nited stat<'s are issued, that both the .Montana and South Dakota troops will recover with astonishing rapidity. There ;u( few e.ises of serious illness. San Fernando, the present station of these troops, is consideKd somiwhat as a health resort by the Filipinos, and there seems to be no good lea-.pn \\li\ men should not improve as rapidly there as in Manila, except that there is in He vieinity of San Fernando a very active enem.v, which must be constantly watched, necessitating a larger percentage of men on outpost duty than at some other points. The headquarters and ten companies of the Third Infantry, with a platoon of artil- lery and a mounted troop of the Fourth Cavalry, took station at Baliuag, and head- quarters and two battalions of the Twenty-second Infantry were placed atCandaba and San Luis, to be assisted, in case of attack, by one of the gunboats which was left in the Rio Grande, and which was to be used also in forwarding supplies from Calumpit. The rains coming on and heavy storms having been predicted for that section of country the troops at San Miguel, whose rations were about exhausted, were ordered to fall back at once on Baliuag. They were attacked while en route at Ildefonso and Maasin, and were obliged to halt twice and drive off the enemy, which they did effectively, but the OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 497 enemy published and celebrated for a long time their signal victories at Ildefonso, San Miguel, and San Isidro. During these Luzon military operations affairs in the central islands became more or less critical, demanded careful consideration, and occasionally an accession of troops- As early as February 3d General Miller had reported from Iloilo that the inhabitants of Negroes and Cebu realized that they could not successfully establish an independent government and wished the United States to exercise control. After the capture of Iloilo the navy visited the city of fJebu and took quiet possession of the place— the com - manding officer of the force assuming direction of the business of the captain of the port and collector of customs and entering into an arrangement with the more promi- nent citizens to permit them to conduct their own internal affairs. This was reported to me with the request that troops be sent to that port to assist the small navy force there in case of necessity. On receipt of this information, and on February 26th, the following order was issued and executed : A battalion of the Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, Maj. G. A. (loodale commanding, will proceed at once by transport Pennsylvania to the port of Cebu, Island of Cebu, for tlie purpose of furnishing immediate protection to the inhabitants and property of that locality. The battalion will be supplied with rations for thirty days and 300 rounds of ammunition per man. This did not relieve the officers of the Navy of the administration of civil affairs, the management of which it was desirable to turn over to the Army, and they continued in control awaiting our action to take formal possession. Upon General Miller's report that he had held a conference with some of the principal citizens of the island of Negroes and that they had raised the United States flag, wished a few troops to protect them from the Tagalos, whom they had declined to receive in the island, and desired to be sent to Manila to present conditions and solicit aid, instructions were given for a com- pliance with their request, whereupon a committee of four gentlemen arrived hereon the 2Ist of February. Several conferences followed. They had, they said, established a crude temporary government, appointing a governor who was one of their number; that if permitted to arm a small battalion of natives to be placed under the direction of the United States officers and to receive the assistance of a few United States troops, they were confident that the quiet of the island could be maintained and the Tagalo element successfully restrained. A great deal of conversation, consuming portions of several successive days, followed. They were eager to be informed of the purposes of the United States, and were informed that a military government with general supervision of their affairs must be erected and maintained until Congressional legislation prescribed the nature and measure of control which would be imposed; that no assurance could be given them except that the civil government to be finally established would be repub- lican in character and would give them as much local representation as the intelligence and animus of the people permitted and as was in harmony with their own and the interests of the United States. The troops asked for were provided, and the committee was advised to return, call their representative people together, and, acting with and under the advice of the mili- tary governor whom I would send, to formulate and submit a plan of government for the administration of strictly internal affairs, which upon receipt I would forward for the consideration of the United States supreme authorities. I selected for the governor Colonel Smith, of the l<'irst California Volunteers, now brigadier general of volunteers, an excellent soldier and a lawyer of experience. He had several conferences with them and won their confidence and esteem, when they expressed a strong desire to have him and a few troops accompany them to Negros, which was favorably acted upon. To meet the situation which was rapidly developing in Panay, Negros, and Cebu , the following orders were issued : General Orders, ) Headquarters Department Pacific No. 8. J AND Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I., March 1, 1S99. 1. A military district, comprising the islands of Panav, Negros, and Cebu, and such other Visayan Islands as may be hereafter designated, to be known as the Visavan mil- 32 498 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. itary distiict, is herebj' established aud placed under the supervision of Brig. Gen Mar- cus P. Miliar, r. S. A., commanding First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, with headiniai tci - at Iloilo. The troops already sent to Cebu and those about to embark for Negios will t'lnnsh all possible protection to those islands, maintaining peace and order while adiiiiiiistering the civil attairs throughout the islands on lines prescribed by the military government. 2. Col. James K. .Smith, First Regiment California Volunteer Infantry, is hereby detached from his regiment, and will proceed by U. S. transport fit. Ptml with the troops mentioned in paragraph 5 of this order to Bacolod, Nosrro-;, ria Iloilo, reporting upon his arrival at the last-named point to Brig. Gen. M. P. Millfi, T". S. A. (■•>minaiidiiv the Visayan military district, the specific instructions which he has ic'ccivcd tn>in these headquarters and there to receive such additional instructions as (ieiieral Miller may wish to give in furtlierance of their execution. 3. Colonel Smith is assigned to the command of the subdistrict of the island of Negros, and will estal)lish liis headquarters at the capital of the islands, furnishing pro- tection to the inhaliitanis thereof, whom he will assist to develop civil administralion over the artairs of tliat island in accordance with the specific instructions already received from these lu-adqiiarlers. 4. Col. James K. Smitli, First California Volunteer Infantry, commanding subdis- trict of the island of X.-^ros, will upon his arrival there, as directed in jiarasraiih ■> of this order, jiroceed to or!,'anize from the natives ot ilie island a civil police oj -JOO men, placiiiiT tlie or^aiiizatioii under military disci|iliiie and r.taininu eoiiiv ■-iiniTvi^ioii of it. Th(.' men \\ill be cin|iloyed by the Q,uarteniiasi( r'> 1 icpa itnieni and will' l)e n'|H.rted monthly on the quarlermastei-"s form of peivous aial ailieles hired, on which will be stated their nativity and au-e. in addition to peiiods of service. Their "ciniiiicnsation will bellxed by the scale of wa-e- pi . vailini,' on the island, and the funds to pav for the services will befurni.shed IVoin llie>e hcadiiiiarlers. lOach employe will receive a fixed ration, in addition to his money compensation, which will correspond to the native ration issued in this city. Tlie Ordnance Department will turn over the necessary ord- nance to arm and equip these men. 5. The Third Battalion of the First California Volunteer Infantry will embarlt at once on the U. S. transport S/. Paul, i)repared to proceed to Bacolod, island of Negros. It will be provided with rations for thirty days and 1.50,000 rounds of rirte ammunition. The commanding olhcer of this battalion iMa.l. II. T. Sime, First California N'olunteer Infantry,) will report to Col. James F, Smith, of tliat regiment, for more specilic instruc- tions. ****** By command of Major General Otis. Thomas H. Barry, Assistant Adjutant General. General Smith, with the troops and commissioners, left Manila on March 2d, and on arrival at Bacolod, the capital of Negros, he took station and successfully organized a battalion of two hundred natives, which has been loyal and has performed good service for the United States to the present date. But certain of the inhabitants of Tagalo nativity and others who were disaffected, aided by their friends in Panay, both with advice and war material, and assisted by the robber bands of the mountains, created disturbances in the western, central, and southern portions of the island which culmi- nated in active hostilities. Smith, with his troops, wentin pursuit of their concentrated forces wherever they chanced to be and successfully routed them, but it was impossible to cover the country and prevent reconcentration. He thereupon called for another bat^ talion of his regiment, which was sent him on March 23d. With this increased command he visited all occupied points of the island, and especially held in check the people of Dumaguete and Bais, on the southeast coast, where the insurgent element for a time appeared to be in the ascendancy. This force not proving suflScient to place troops at all necessary points, a call was made for the third battalion of the regiment, which was forwarded on May 21st. In the mean time the population of occidental and oriental Negros cho.se delegates to represent their several political districts in a convention at Bacolod, where, after some two months labor under the direction and protection of General Smith, a constitution was prepared for submission to the President of the United States. This document, having been received here, was forwarded to Washington about July 20th with appropriate remark, and served as a basis for the following order : General Orders, 1 Office United States Military Governor No. 30. I IN THE Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., July 22, 1S99. The people of Negi;;s, through d uly accredited representatives, having freely acknowl- edged the sovereignty of the rnited Slates o\ii- that island, and huviim' developed and forwarded to His Exeellen.-> Die I're-ident of ihe Tnited states, for the consideration and deliberation of Congres-. a la-oposd con~i i t uii >r body of fundamental laws, ujion which they seek to have establislad for tluinselves a republican foim of government, it OREGON VOLUNTEKRS TN SPANISH WAR. 499 is deemed essential, pendingflnal action l.y tlu- ' /'f''!'' ,.■'"/.' ',, N r/ul must b, 'dn- States thereon, and while military supervision ..tul.s .lis! i^^u^ tained,thataprovisionalgover_nmenttoad,iu so s n 1 . s^^^ ^l^^^iS'on^n^-^^^S^TIh^fc^^r^'l^t^^ird^ ^''^nls'Vhon^'Ire '.'nlercd that a government for that island be established as speedily as i.rnVt p. bleh I'll and sen.,, as indicated in the following enumerated provisions- the 1^ me to reii lii. t m. un il nn.dilird by constituted aulla.rity : sameuiemai 1 1 ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^. ^^ ^^.^^^ ,„,,sist .,i a military governor, 1 ine ^o\< 111! . ' <,.,,,,v mil iiirv governor of tlic rhilii. nines, who shall com- ^iKV^eUni^i.'s-'p-.nlmelftl^rl^'i"'^ Civile elected bvVl pen, '^ Th.. ,'nilitary -overnor shall ap,...in( s,.,-nfan,-s u th,. troasnr.v act under his immediate mstiuctions. ine seal oi gu\ < iiiiii.-iii ^^TT^^The military governor shall exercise the supreme executive power. He shall see tbntttie laws arc elecuted; shall appoint to office and fill all vacancies in office not w^uiftlo wi^TpvmfdT^^ n!ay,with the approval of the military governor of t^rpiiilippin''^' ivinm , any ..lli<-.v f.nnl office. He shall perform such other functions as the 'lV,;'''^,;;J .''';',. ''^''''.'Ill^ ''|',',\,,V/'''i',!ih' I^e elected by the people a civil governor, who 1 Jn ; K- . II ,. uniiMi-v-ovrnoron all puhliecivil questions, and who shall preside over shall a(l\isi in, .niiiai n ^ > ,.,,,,i,t,.rJi.. i ill .M-anls and <-,.niniissi,)ns i>f acivil nature th,. a,lv,s,,ry '-un,-! . 7''' ;':';'';/;,;,: -;,;'.''.n'teml (-V.-rv s,.ssi,„, ,,1 I h,- advisory coun- w iiehar.M'\.,MU,Mi i,> 11 uim,. N -^^ ^^.^^^ ^^^^^^ Hie (i.-,-!,!!])- v,,!,' ; shall receive all cil an,l in <-asi',.i ^ "^ V,, ' . .i'soiv ,-,Mii.,-il ■ shall atl,'st th,' -.llioiul acts of the military bills and Ve«<^l'li''^^'' *=;'/. n',,'; . ,V,' ^Tn..,! : shall ailix the great seal with governor 111 so for as st^u>'. ;^'^, 'J* ,,,!,,„, .,„ , ^^u, instruments to which l^lSi^^nrri^nhe'mlm-y ^'.v;;--'^ iv.uiVed, aild pertV,rm such other duties a« IT^'tL^ adv1so\T"e*cJuncU: An'advisory council, to consist of 8 members, shall be PiPcted bv the ueoD e and shall be selected within the following territorial limits : One "^^ T^f c\^s 1iI,V';':^,"!los';;t'san'uu-i:>s,' e^^^^ Escalante, Sagay, Ciadiz, Manapla, "^'^r^f^ •uu^'pn::!;;.:!';:!' Ksla^uio "K" oliimb^daon, Silay, Talisay, Lacson, Gran- adj Murcia, Bacoiod, Sumag, Cansilayan! and Abuanan shall compose the second '^'^Thf cities and pueblos of Bago, Maao, Pulupandan, Valladolid San Enrique, La Car- s.,ay cSrncXn.'^ElSs £»n»nl»». Gull6».,ga,,, Cauaya,,, n„« I»o sball compose tbe '°"oSll2t3''NeBros stall have three members of the advisory council, representlbB thi-ee "''¥2?Sirrn«'er.ol¥u'SiS,?^f"vL'iSa,Bac„b,Daum ™ffi "cmef iS"p„er.'=rffil',f„'', "/y"!.a'ta™kmbla.«, Taohay, Bals, Mabjuyod, 4SS'»feri,"ii"S„■'".'". reSs mtlon, bave'cKused his name tobeei,tercd on tlie rtj^ EvsS-:i&rtStb?^.rjis„?°o7SKt?^:i^ ^'^srii^;;2;^s?s?;;a^i:s£E.e,,,,,b,;or;iin„y br^?orSvr.'hrsKi'ytv;su'r,':;;:i,:^.^'^'iif 1,^;^:^!^^^ i^ other officers, to expend money only ui.,.n ""^i^'it^ tA -2,. ' •/ caiefiil acc^^^^^ nry ^ He shall wrform such other duties as may be prescribed by law. . X. "l^he^crefary of the interior : It shall be the duty of the secretary of the interior 500 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. to supervise public lands, forests, uaines, surveys, public works, provide for the taking of the census, and to take appropriate measures for safeguarding the public health. He shall perform such other duties as may be duly committed to his charge. XI. The secretary of agriculture : It shall be the duty of the secretary of agriculture to study the agricultural resources of the islands with a view to increasing the wealth derived therefrom. He shall give special attention to the means of combating diseases or pests which attack animals or crops, to the study and recommendation of improved methods of cultivation, to the introduction of new products suited to the climate and soil, and shall perform such other duties as may be legally prescribed. XII. The secretary of public instruction shall have charge of the establishment and maintenance of free public schools for primary instruction throughout the island, and of such other schools of higher instruction as may be reauired or suited to the needs or advancement of the people. He shall have general supervision of all matters relating to public instruction. XIII. The attorney-general: It shall be the dutj' of the attorney-general to prose- cute and defend all causes to which the Island of Negros or any one" of its ofHcers is a party, and to give legal advice to any officer of the civil departments whenever the same shall be required of him in his official capacity. He shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law. XIV. The auditor: It shall be the duty of the auditor to report to the military gov- ernor, whenever so required, an itemized statement of the expenses of the government for past periods, and an itemized statement of all expenses of the government for the ensuing fiscal year, accompanied by a report of the amount of money on hand in the treasury to meet such expenses, and tli. ,'! ,11111' m|' rc\ cnue neci-ssuVy tube rnisiil for government purposes by taxation or oi'' - i - . 1;. -.h;ill ;i1.-m rcixirt m'k li schi'iuc as to him may seem proper to secure econoiii- ! i j 1 In- >i'i\ icr. li<> shall draw warrants on the secretary of the treasury for ail i.m- 1 iiiMiny n(iuiied ami cstiniatrd for bv officers of the government, after having satistied himstlf of the legality and correctness of the proposed expenditures which the money asked for is to meet. He shall perform such other duties as shall be legally imposed. XV. Municipal governments: Municipal governments shall be organized as soon as possible under the supervision of the military and civil governors and the advisory council. They shall have the usual powers and perform the usual duties of such bodies, subject to the direction of the military governor. XVI. Officers of cities, towns, and municipalities in office at the time of the promul- gation of this order shall continue to act in their official capacity until successors are elected, selected, or appointed and military governor, shall call extra sessions' for such pciiods of time as sh:ill be dconicd (noper and shall be designated in the call. l*or diem and mileage at the rate fixi'd al)ov.> shall be allowed members of the advisory council for any extra session they may attend. XXVII. The military governor of the island is empowered to take all necessary action to put in execution the foregoing directory provisions. Instructions prescribing methods and date of election of officers who are to be selected by ballot will be issued, and the election will be held at as early a day as practicable. By command of Major General Otis : _ Thomas H. Barry, Assistant Adjutant General. In the new field of politics, upon which these people entered with alacrity, there were many disagreements — the result of personal ambitions probably, as well as of antago- nistic honest opinion, and complaints were heard and opposition was frequently offered to the civil officers of districts to whom they had intrusted the preservation of law and order. Those exercising the civil power, acquainted with Spanish methods, sought to organize a military police force which was made responsible only to its founder and which executed his orders in a very arbitrary and oftentimes cruel manner. It was unreliable, and a portion of it served the Tagalo and robber element, to which many deserted. Through all the turmoils and difficulties experienced by the advocates for United States Government General Smith retained the confidence of all factions and assisted to heal their differences. They desired an election of such class of officei's as might be permitted to direct local affairs under United States military supervision, and an opportunity to manife.st their fitness for an abridged form of government has been given them. What the result will be can not as yet be forecast with any certainty, but it is to be hoped that they will meet the expectations of those desiring their ultimate welfare, both for the benefits they \vill receive thereby and also for the sake of example to the inhabitants of the other Philippine islands, who are now distrustful of United States intentions and its expressed good will toward them. By this latter and very large class of Filipinos affairs in Negros are closely watched, and a successfully con- ducted government there — one which will protect individual rights and give a fair measure of individual liberty — will be a most important factor in the pacification labors of these islands. The United States troops isi Negros have performed severe service. The Californians have been replaced by the Sixth Infantry, which, like its predecessors, has responded promptly to every demand and shown itself well able to master the military situation. General Smith still exercises supervision, and to his unremitting eff'orts, tact, and ability is due the fact that serious obstacles have been surmounted. Robber bands have always existed in the mountains of Negros, and their recent accessions from with- out encouraged them to assume a defiant front, but the heavy chastisements which they have received at the hands of our troops has well-nigh destroyed them. Arrangements were made early to take over the civil administi-ation of affairs of the city of Cebu. Lieutenant Colonel Hamer, of the Idaho Volunteers, a lawyer by profes- sion, who had filled the position of judge of one of the Manila provost courts with great credit, was selected for that duty, and on March 14th the following order was issued : General Orders, 1 Headquarters Department Pacific No. 13. j and Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. L, March U, 1S99. The i.sland of Cebu will constitute a subdistrict of the Visayan military district, with headquarters at the citv of Cebu. Lieut. Col. Thomas R. Hamer, First Idaho Volunteer Infantry, is assigned to the command of the same and will proceed to that city by way of lloiK), where he will report lo the coninianding general of the district for any direc- tions Ihe hilter niav desire lo conves lo enable him to execute the siiecilic instructions which he will reeei've Ironi ihese iH-ad-iuaiiers to guide him in the iierloi mance of his duties. Colonel Ilanior will report lo Iho commanding general of the department for conference and instructions and will take passage on transport Indiana, which has been directed to proceed to Hollo as soon as necessary repairs to the steamer can be made. By command of Major General Otis: Thomas H. Barry, Assistant Adjutant General. 502 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The battalion of the Twenty-third Infantry which was sent to Cebu the latter part of Februai-y had not taken any action in civil matters, but had preserved order in the coramunity. The citizens had looked after their own local interests, and officers of the Navy had continued to conduct harbor and customs affairs, from which they were now relieved by army officers detailed to perform the duties of those positions. Shortly thereafter the dissensions between the friendly-disposed and hostile-iutentioued natives became bitter and culminated in the assassination of one of the most prominent citi- zens, simply because he advocated United States protection, and attempts were made upon the lives of a number of others who favored United States occupation. The towns within a short radius of distance began to show the first war paint of rebellion, and the mountain peaks behind Cebu exhibited preparations for defense, or possibly attack, in newly constructed rifle intrenchments. Contraband trade along the coast of the island was active and gave the small gunboats manned by the natives considerable exciting occupation. Colonel Hamer called for additional force, and a battalion of the Tennes- see regiment was sent him from Iloilo. Shortly before incursions into the interior were made by detached companies of the Twenty-third Infantry, at first without encounter- ing much opposition, but afterwards by very decided opposition. It was apparent that the rebellion was growing stronger each succeeding daj-, and that increased force would be required to cope with it. The Cebu people possess great numbers of small sailing crafts, with which they are accustomed to conduct trade between their own and neigh- boring islands. With these they skirted other coasts and robbed the inhabitants. They impoverished and reduced to hunger the natives of the island of Boh«}l. and with the aid of the Tagalos and other emissaries introduced arms and ammunition among their own people. On April 6th Colonel Hamer wrote : Our present occupancy includes only the old town of Cebu, while the insurgents under Francisco Llamas occupy the adjoining town of San Nicholas, which, in fact, is a part of the city of Cebu. This man Llamas is an active and cunning fellow whom the natives fear to the extent of conceding to him supernatural power. I may say in this connection that the president seems to hold like views with the rest of the natives on this subject. The vice-president and treasurer deny that they fear him and say that if we had sufficient force to inspire the natives with confidence in our ability to protect them Llanias's standard would be deserted, as he is deeply hated as well as feared by the people, and they only await a safe opportunity to throw off his yoke. After carefully looking over the ground I have come to the conclusion that now is the time for us to perfect our occupation of the island. We can accomplish it now with the display of force, and in my opinion without the loss of a man. * * * The southern coast line of the island contains all the towns of any consequence. If you can send me two more battalions, I will undertake to occupy these towns and establish in each a government which will acknowledge the supremacy of the United States, and this, too, without the loss of single a man. But there were no troops available, for Luzon demanded eveiy armed man. We per- mitted Cebu to drift and foment opposition, careful to hold securely its principal city, an important trading point and one of the open ports of the Philippines. The insurgent leaders organized their forces as best they could, without much interruption on our part, until in their conceit they commenced to assemble a force four miles out of the city and on the overlooking mountains, with which to drive us oft" at the opportune time. It grew to one thousand five hundred and then to two thousand, having several pieces of ai-tillery in position and rifles and ammunition in considerable quantities. Its posi- tions were believed to be impregnable, and now as I write I learn that Colonel Snyder, of the Nineteenth Infantry, who a short time since was sent there with a portion of his regiment to relieve the Tennessee battalion — having collected all troops at hand, con- sisting of that contingent of his own regiment present, two companies of the Sixth Infantry sent by General Hughes from Iloilo, the Twentj-third Infantry battalion, and the Tennessee Volunteers, who chanced that way on their homeward voyage and who offered their services — has cleared the neighboring mountains of all insurgents, except- ing those who now lie buried there, and has gathered in their weapons of war. The better class of the population of the island of Cebu greatly desire stable govern- ment, and this they know they can not obtain without American supremacy and pro- tection. When the Tagalo is driven out and the ignorant element which now cries for independence, having no conception of the meaning of the term, is forced to betake ORKOON VOLUNTKKKS IN SPANTSH WAR. 503 itself to legitimate occupation instead of robbi-ry, the ishuul will be easily controlled, and at present it would appear that the time rwiuiivd Id bring about that desirable con- dition of things would not extend far Into the future. About the middle of April I was requested by the Spanish authorities to relieve the troops of Spain in Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. In the group of islands last named matters were represented from Singapore and other points as being in a very unsatisfactory state, and it was asserted that the Sultan and his datos were securing large supplies and of arms and ammunition from the Asiatic and neighboring coasts. The inhabitants (Moros) had always given Spain trouble. They had always manifested toward Spain a feeling of subdued hostility when not actually at war with her, and she had been able to impose only a recognition of very much abridged sovereignty. The Spanish acting governor-general (General Rios), who for a long time had supervised Spanish affairs in the south, informed me that he had never succeeded in stopping there the trade in arms, and as for commerce, it could never be placed under proper restric- tions. We felt, therefore, considerable hesitancy in dispatching to the archipelago the limited force which then could be sent from Manila, apprehending more or less difficulty in securely holding necessary positions should we garrison them. All the Spanish troops which were formerly stationed along the coast of the island of Mindanao had been concentrated at Zamboanga, its chief city. The Tagalos had taken possession of the northern and northeastern coast and, with their confederates, the country in the vicinity of the above-named place. In March the Spanish authorities advertised for public sale at the naval station of Isabela, on Basilan Island, a short distance south of Zamboanga, thirteen of their gun- boats which had been formerly used on the island coasts. These boats were purchased by a syndicate composed of private individuals, with the understanding that it would deliver them to the United States authorities in the harbor of Manila. The agent of the syndicate, who after purchasing was about to leave for Isabela to receive delivery of the boats and transport them north, was informed that if he could secure the armament belonging to the vessels the United States would receive it from him at cost price. Having been promised protection by the United States Navy while en route with the vessels to Manila, he sailed for Isabela by one of the coasting mer- chant vessels, taking with him crews for such of the boats as were serviceable, and received them there from the Spanish authorities with their armaments, which he bought under the agreement above stated. He steamed out of Isabella Harbor, and to protect him on his voyage, awaited near Zamboanga the coming of the United States war vessel which by some misunderstanding had been detained at a northern port. While awaiting the arrival of this war vessel, and less than twenty-four hours before it reported, his fleet was seized by Mindanao insurgents, and nearly one half of his ord- nance, consisting of artillery, rifles, and ammunition for same, was taken from him and landed about a mile from Zamboanga on the Mindanao coast. By this seizure the insur- gents were supplied with a few pieces of artillery, eleven quick-flring guns, three hun- dred and seventy-five rifles, with considerable ammunition for all guns and pieces, and could therefore place themselves in fair condition for attack or defense. After they had captured and landed the arms complaint was made by the agent to the commanding officer of the Spanish troops at Zamboanga, who, it was understood, after having received the assurances of the insurgent chiefs that the arms would not be employed against his troops, did not concern himself further in the matter. The gunboats and what remained of the armament were convoyed to Manila by the naval authorities and turned over to the army, which completed the purchase by payment from the accruing civil funds of the Philippines. They were subsequently transferred to the Navy for use, and under the direction of its commander in chief have ever since rendered most effi- cient .service along the shallow coasts and harbors of the islands. The possession of these arms by the Mindanao insurgents rendered it inexpedient to land troops at Zam- boanga and attempt to hold the place with any force that could be spared from Luzon. General Rios was therefore informed that we were not prepared to relieve his garrisons ateitherZamboangaor in theSulu Arcliipclago until organizations then cji route should 504 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. arrive ; that the United States was entitled to a reasonable time to take over the places which Spain desired to surrender, and that since the ratification of the treaty such time had not intervened. Thus action was held in abeyance until May 13th, when news of a surprising character was received, which is shown in the following explanatory com- munication : Office United States Military Governou IN THE Philippine Islands, Manila, P. J., May Ik, 1899. Admiral George Dewey, U. S. N., Commanding United States Naval Force on Asiatic Station, Flagship Olympia, Manila Harbor, P. I. My Dear Admiral: Yesterday I received a dispatch from Iloilo stating that the insurgents had made an attack upon the Spanish garrison at Zamboanga, using the arms and quick-flring guns which they had captured from the Spanish gunboats. They were repulsed, but the Spanish general in command and two of his oftioers were wounded, oneenlisted man was killed and a few wounded. The insmmiits liavcut off theirwater supply and the Spanish garrison is left in rather a pirildus coniliiiiii. Last evening a cablegram sent from Iloilo by tlif Spanisli iui\al lieutenant, Cano, addressed to General Rios and sent in my care, was also received. This cited facts sub- stantially as did the cablegram seat to me. General Rios telegraphed to Madrid and received directions to withdraw the Zamboanga and Jolo garrisons imiiifdiatcly. He called this morning and wished me to send troops down there at once. I made liiiu no promise, but told him I would defer my answer until to-morrow. He asked me then if you would not send down a war vessel to cruise in those waters to give aid to the Span- ish garrison in case it should !)(' placed in extremity, to which I replied that I did not know, but I would seek the information from you. The situation here is as follows : We have no more troops at the [iresent time than we need here in Luzon, especially if we carry out the campaign as projccti'd. Lawton took San Miguel yesterday afternoon and will be far out in a day oi- t\\c). Kobl)o with 1,500 men accompanies the boats up the Rio Grande from Calunipit and will start on Tues- day morning. MacArthur seems to have all he can do to cover the Pampanga province and give the inhabitants the protection from the insurgent troops which thej' demand. To the south of us the number of insurgents seem to be increasing, while to the east and north of the city they still maintain their hold. We are still holding here the two Spanish vessels, the Leon A'J/Jand the Puerto Rico, which General Rios desires to use to take his troops away from Zamboanga and Jolo. He said this morning that if these vessels could not be given him he must depend upon some of the mercliant vr^scis in port to take his troops off or suffer the consequences of disobedience of his < :o\ . rinncnt's orders. Looking over \\\<- .ntir. liild, 2,000 men at least will be required to take and hold Zamboanga, its envii-oinmnts, and the water supply. The rebels there have agood deal of artillery, and, I think, are supplied with some tiOO or 800 rifles, for which they have plenty of aramuuition. Jolo can be occupied with about 600 men. I think, therefore, that it might be a good scheme to send the garrison to Jolo as soon as possible, or the Moros will destroy the fortifications and guns and turn them upon us when we appear. As for Zamboanga, I am afraid that we will have to permit the Spaniards to withdraw and take it later. * * * Does it seem desirable to send a vessel down to southern waters, as Rios requests, or could you convoy our troops down south within two or three days? One of our great needs here is light artillery. We have plenty on the transports com- ing, which, unfortunately, is not here now. The light battery which reported last week came off without its guns, and they are following it on the steamer Leelanaiv,\\\i\ch. left San Francisco on the 3d of the month. There are 20 companies of troops due here within the next two weeks ; also quite a number of recruits. * * * Yours, very truly, E. S. Otis, Major General, U. S. V., Military Governor. To this communication Admiral Dewej' responded that he would convoy our troops and furnish General Rios with any assistance he desired, and I informed the general that, while regretting that we could not send troops to Zamboanga immediately, we would relieve his Sulu garrisons. The field was then carefully looked over, and as a battalion of the Twenty-third Infantry was already at Cebu it was determined to send the remainder of that regiment to the archipelago; whereupon the following orders were issued : General Orders, ) Headquarters Department Pacific No. 28. I AND Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I., May 15, 1S99. The Twenty-third United States Infantry is relieved from duty at this station and will proceed at once by transport to Jolo, island of Jolo, and relieve from duty there the troops of Spain now constituting the garrison at that place. The quartertnaster's department will furnish the necessary transportation, and the subsistence will supply rations for this command for thirty days. By command of Major General Otis : Thomas H. Barry, Assistant Adjutant General. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 505 General Rios, with two merchant vessels, sailed on May I7th for the south to place in readiness for departure his garrison at Zamboanga, with the understanding that our troops would arrive at Jolo on board the transport Leon XIII in sufficient season for his archipelago garrisons to take advantage of it, sail by way of Zamboanga, when all of his command could embark, and proceed homeward. He promised to render useless all the Zamboanga guns and destroy all ammunition there which was not to be removed, and this it is believed he did. The headquarters and two battalions of the Twenty-third Infantry, upon reaching Jolo, found the Spanish soldiers well prepared to depart, although they did not expect to be relieved by our troops. A Spanish staff officer took passage on the vessel with instructions from General Rios to govern their movements. The small garrison main- tained at Siassi, island of Siassi, had been withdrawn to Jolo and the former place turned over to the Sultan, who had in person gone there from Maibun, his capital, and taken formal possession. The exchange of troops was quietly effected, full military honors were accorded, and the flags of the respective nations participating were saluted by onr war vessel in the harbor when the Spaniards were formed to march out of the post and embark. The force sent to Jolo arrived on May i9th, and consisted of nineteen line officers, two assistant surgeons, a chaplain, and seven hundred and thirty-three enlisted men. It relieved a garrison consisting of twenty-four officers and eight hundred enlisted men. The post or village is described as follows : It is hardlv more tlian a good-sized military post, beautifully laid out, with broad, clean streets, 'linrd willi llowering trees and gardens, and surrounded by a loop-holed wall about 8 feel liiuli and W^ feet thick. The pnpnlatiini is estimated at 400, mostly Chinanieii, one (JiTuiaii, no other Europeans. Four niaic Moros live within the walls. The public hnildinns art- in a dilapidated r-onilitiun. Tli.' u(iv<'i-nor's residence and office is one small huildinir. Tli.Tc is ..n.- m'oup nf harrarks dour buildings) which will accominodalf one baltali.ni. 'I'lic theater will aceonnnodate (ine company, and outly- ing bloclihouses two companies. A coniniissary, post otlice, schoulhouse, a hospital for about 100 beds, a market and some tew small structures compose the remainder of the public buildings. The commanding officer of the United States troops reported the day after his arrival that — determined from our limited experience, is as follows: ed town known as .Jolo. The govern, r has comiMote con- re no civil courts, no civil officers. Outside the walls the Ihe ruler. Spain pays him S200, Mexican, )ief month. At _ id, l)ut is visitinu: one of the neighboring islands about 30 miles soutll. He has recently returned from Mecca, and now dresses in European cos- tume. Spanish soldiers seldom go beyond the range of the outlying blockhouses. The relation between the natives (Moros) and Spain is not altogether harmonious. Subsequent reports showed that the Spanish troops had received orders to prepare for withdrawal from the archipelago and expected to depart very soon, but had not been informed that they would be relieved by United States troops. The Spanish comman- dant and governor had therefore taken the Sultan to Siassi from Maibun and turned the place over to him, and intended to turn over Jolo also when his force should evacuate. Our arrival was most opportune, and a matter of surprise — unpleasantly so— to the Sultan, who expected to award his datos with this acquired possession. His datos on Jolo Island were not, however, on the most amicable terms with him, and seemed to be pleased to welcome the Americans. They called on Captain Pratt, who was in com- mand of our troops, expres.sed friendly intentions, and gave adhesion to the United States. The captain, with some of his officers, returned the call, were the first Europeans who had ever entered the house of the chief neighboring dato, and were hospitably entertained. The Sultan, disappointed, lingered at Siassi, where he had established a police and garrison, and did not respond to the invitation to call upon our officers. His mother, the Sultaness, however, who was at Maibun, sent the Sultan's secretary to welcome the Americans, when a return call was made upon her and she received our representatives most graciously and expressed gratification. Thus, through the diplo- macy of Captain Pratt and his subordinates, a most satisfactory condition of affairs was Tlie situation. in so far Spain possesses tl lie small w trol within the w: alls. Thel. Sultan of .loloai Id P.orneo i present he is not on the is 506 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. attained upon which to base future negotiations, which were conducted by Brig. Gen. John C. Bates, U. S. V., during July and August. Brigadier General Hughes was relieved as provost marshal general at Manila and assigned to the command of the Visayan military district on May 25th. He proceeded to his headquarters at Iloilo, Panay, early in June with instructions to carefully super- vise matters In Negros and Cebu, but not to conduct any military operations in Panay further than was necessary to hold Iloilo and its outlying villages, then in our posses- sion, as no additional troops could be given him as the policy of nonaction in the island other than might be considered defense would result in dissensions between the Visayan and Tagalo, who, should we attack, would unite all factions for resistance. The policy has worked excellently. Tagalo soldiers to the number of about two thousand had been sent from Luzon. Their officers practically assumed the conduct of all Panay affairs, even if they did not do so ostensibly or expressly, and the Panay inhabitants have been made to suffer severe pecuniary losses and in some parts of the island great lack of provisions, while robbery and other crimes have prevailed. The manifested hos- tility between Visayan and Tagalo is now very pronounced. We have been invited by the former to take possession of northern and eastern Panay, with promises of assist- ance if we would consent to do so, and very recently the Tagalos assumed control in every particular, disarmed all the Visayans on the plea that they could not be relied upon for support, and are conducting a military government in accordance with their individual desii-es, the chief object of which is reported to be individual pecuniary profit. While during the month of May the majority of our troops were operating to the north of Manila in central Luzon, the insurgents in the Cavite and Morong pi-ovinces, south and east of the city, were very active, and extreme watchfulness on the part of our thin lines of defense was necessary. Their numbers continued to increase until they had concentrated some six thousand on the south and some two thousand five hundred to the east. The former had been recently animated with some mysterious belief to the effect that the Americans were about to be given over to them for slaughter. Among them a battalion of boys of tender age appeared, whose mission was to throw stones at the enemy under the guidance of Providence; but one or two of the little fellows were wounded and the desire for self-preservation being stronger than their religious enthusiasm, they were seen no moj-e. This concentrated southern force made daily demonstrations of some character, and an occasional attack, when the loss of a few of their men cooled their ardor for two or three successive days. An advance to the south with the inten- tion of permanent or temporary occupation was not desirable. Should it be made and towns or villages be taken, the Inhabitants would pray for their protection against the return of the insurgents, and this could not be given them from the troops available without seriously interfering with projected operations. Hence, on the south we had occasionally driven back the enemy a few miles when he became annoying and then returned the troops to the old lines. To the east and northeast reconnoissances were made frequently to locate the shifting foe, ascertain his intentions, and provide the necessary precautionary measures. General Lawton was directed to disperse his ti-oops at Candaba, turning over the Third, Seventeenth, and Twenty-second Infantry to the Second Division, to be estab- lished on the new line from San Fernando toBaliuag, with a station at Quingua, and to send back to Manila the most of the Fourth Cavalry, the North Dakota and Oregon Vol- unteers, placing Minnesotans on the railroad between Bocaue and Oaloocan. He there- fore gave orders for the troops at San Miguel to withdraw to Baliuag and left Candaba on May 23d. The withdrawal of these troops and the descent made on Rio Grande to Candaba excited the insurgents to great activity, they supposing that a retreat was intended. They forwarded their forces by rail to General MacArthur's front and concentrated near San Miguel. On the march to Baliuag our troops encountered them morning, noon, and evening, and suffered in casualties two men killed and thirteen wounded, but the enemy left with them sixteen killed, a considerable number of wounded, and a few prisoners besides a small amount of property. This movement placed the entire Third Infantry, a ORKGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 507 battalion of the Twenty-second Infantry, a troop of the Fourth Cavalry, mounted, and two guns at Baliuag, rendering the place too strong for attack, and the enemy withdrew to the north. Upon the following day, May 21th, a force of the insurgents attacked an outpost on the right of San Fernando, when a collision occurred involving the South Dakota, Kansas, and Iowa Volunteers and portions of the Seventh and Twenty-second Infantry, with the result that the enemy was badly handled and retreated, leaving fifty dead and thirty-eight wounded on the field, and we captured twenty-eight prisioners, fifty rifles, and other property ; our casualties, seven killed and six wounded, all of the South Dakota regiment. These minor aflfairs corrected the impressions of the enemy as to our intentions of retreating, and no action of importance took place at the north for some time. During the mouth of May we had a large accession of regular troops, consisting of six organizations, the Thirteenth Infantry arriving on the 29th of that month. On the last day of May there were present in the Philippines one thousand two hundred and one commissioned ofllcers and thirty-three thousand and twenty-six enlisted men, of whom six hundred and fourteen officers and six thousand and ninety-eight enlisted men were stationed in the southern islands and at the Cavite naval station. Deducting the thir- teen per cent of sick, special-duty men, and those undergoing court-martial sentences, there were for duty in all the islands twenty-five thousand eight hundred and nine enlisted men, and in Luzon, the Cavite arsenal excepted, twenty thousand nine hun- dred and sixty-five. This was a large force, sufficient to accomplish efficient work with clerity, but of the entire number present over sixteen thousand were volunteers or were awaiting discharge under War Department promi.ses and less than eighteen thousand were regulars owing further services to the Government. These sixteen thousand men must be assembled, must be individually accounted for, placed in condition for departs ure, and shipped to the United States at the earliest date. The great labor attending this shipment was entered upon on May 25th, when specific orders to govern all particulars of procedure were issued. The volunteers had been somewhat careless in rendering returns for men and public property and were not familiar with legal requirements in these matters. Hence several days were necessary lo straighten out rolls, returns, and discharge papers after the organizations were assembled. Under the War Department directions it was ordered that the departure of these troops should be permitted in accordance with priority of date of arrival. This brought the Oregon and California troops first, but the latter were scattered over the island of Negros. The Oregon troops were assembled in Manila on May 26th and directed to hasten the necessary paper work and the transfer of public property which was to be left behind. This was not accomplished until about June 10th, and portions of the regiment in the mean time took part in the military operations in the vicinity of the city. It sailed on June Hth, a delay of two or three days attending its decision on a question it was allowed to determine whether lo sail for San Francisco or Portland, Oregon. A regular regiment must be secured to relieve the Californians in Negros, and the Sixth Infantry, then en roiite, was selected. It did not arrive until June 18th, when it was sent south. But prevailing typhoons delayed relief, and the Californians did not leave Manila Harbor until July 26th, after the Nebraska, Utah, Pennsylvania, and Col- orado troops had taken their departure. Troops were about to depart much more rapidly than they could be received, and the country we were covering must be held. It was not possible, therefore, to make exten- sive oflTensive demonstrations until the Eighth Army Corps could pull itself together again. In the mean time the insurgents were making great exertions to worst us by attacking our lines of communication and our force in the province of Pampanga. But all of their eflTorts were futile and resulted in their repeated discomfiture. The latter part of May it was reported that the inhabitants at Antipolo, Moiong, and other near towns east of Manila were suflering heavily on account of the crimes com- mitted by General Pilar's insurgent troops, and they called for protection. Pilar enjoys the reputation of being for years the bandit chief of that section of country. He stood high in the favor of Aguinaldo, either on account of the latter's fear of him or because SOS OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. be had the ability to keep together and direct troops drawn from the criminal He had within his command about two thousand five hundred men and formei'ly oper- ated south of the Pasig, from which he had been driveu, and subsequently commanded the province of Morong. As soon as General Lawton returned to Manila he was instructed to collect a force and cause these insurgent troops to be driven off. Assem- bling two thousand five hundred men at the pumping station, under command of Brig- adier General Hall, he directed it on June 3d upon Antipolo, and at the same time moved eight companies of the Washington Volunteers by lake to Morong, and the First North Dakota and a battalion of the Twelfth Infantry on Taguig from Pasig. The rough character of the country in the direction of Antipolo and the heat of the day caused Hall's column to move slowlj'. He met with slight resistance from a scattered force of three hundred at the base of the mountains and entered that place the follow- ing morning. Morong and Taguig were taken, and the narrow strip of laud extending into the Laguna de Bay from the north was explored without discovering the presence of the enemy, unless in the guise of the "amigo,"' with weapon carefully concealed, a character of the partisan which prevails entensively in this country when first captured by our troops. The insurgents had scattered, and most of them at least had taken the trails into the mountains, where they could not be profitably pursued. On the march to Antipolo our casualties were two men killed and nine wounded, and at Taytay two men killed. The enemy suffered a much greater loss and left nine dead and a number of wounded on the Morong field alone, where our troops did not meet with any casualty. Morong was occupied for a time aud from it reconnoissances were made into the interior and along the shore of the Laguna. Its garrison was removed acioss the lake to Calamba, when that point became a permanent station. The enemy had become again boldly demonstrative at the south and it became nec- essai-y to throw him back once more. He had intrenched himself very strongly in the vicinity of Paraiiaque and near Taguig ; also in front of San Pedro Macati, the center of our line. On June 7th General Lawton was instructed to concentrate a force of four thousand men approximately in the vicinity of the last-named town, to be placed under the immediate supervision of Generals Wheaton and Ovenshine, move the same to the front and center in two columns, dispense the enemy in the immediate front, and then, swinging these columns to the right and left, place them in rear, if possible, of his strong positions on our fianks. Dispositions were completed on June 9th, aud early the next morning the command moved out. Six companies of the Colorados constituted the advance guard, took the direction of the intrenchments in the immediate front, which thej- attacked with great vigor. The enemy was soon driven and scattered. Wheaton, swinging to the left, soon routed the insurgents in that direction, who made such rapid flight to the south that few of them were caught. Ovenshine took up his swinging movement to the right to place his loops on the Bacoor road south of Las Pinas, but, unfortunately, the day was one of the most enervating of the year. The sky was cloud- less and no air stirring The troops, which had recently arrived from the United States, liegan to be overcome with the heat before they had marched two miles. The colonel of the Thirteenth Infantry was prostrated from sunstroke, and nearly all of that regiment fell out on the line of march before it had proceeded as far south as Paraiiaque. General Lawton accompanied this column in person, aud, quickly taking in the situation, directed Wheaton's column to join as soon as possible; but before this was accom- plished the enemy, advancing from Parafiaque, boldly attacked what remained of Ovenshine's men. He was repulsed after some active skirmishing, and, Wheaton join- ing, the march in the direction of Las Piiias was continued, and late in the afternoon General Lawton was obliged to halt a little south of east of Las Pinas, but could not secure the road by which it was believed the enemy would retreat. His men had suf- fered severely from the hard march, and especially from lack of water, for scarcely any that was potable could l)e fouud by them. Fully fifty per cent had succumbed to the heat and fatigues of the day. The insur- gents, too, had suffered from the same causes, and, in addition, had been signally defeated. They left on the battlefield a great number of dead, over seventy of whom OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 509 were discovered and counted, while our casualties summed up at one enlisted man killed and two ofHcers and twenty-one men wounded. That night the enemy escaped from Paranaque and Las Pifias by the Bacoor road and across the Zapote River, along which they had constructed formidable intrenchments, where they had, in 18!)B, gained a great victory over the Spaniards, and where they believed they would be invincible. In fact, a great number of them had made religious vows, assumed under superstitious rites, to overthrow the Americans there or die in the ditches. The most conservative estimate of their numbers was three thousand, and to meet this condition of aflfairs new combinations must be made. The Thirteenth Infantry was brought into Manila and placed on the north line, relieving the Fourth Infantry and Wyoming Battalion, which were sent to General Lawton, who in the mean time had carefully reconnoitered the enemy's position and had concluded to attack at the Zapote River bridge of the Bacoor road. In reconnoitering near that point in person with two ciinipanies of the Twenty-first Infantry he was suddenly attacked on front and flanks by a large force of the enemy from its brush concealments, whereupon, returning a short distance and hurrying up supports, he threw it back upon the river. His troops, hav- ing been resupplied with rations and ammunition, and his reenforcement forwarded, all by water transportation plying between Manila and Paraiiaque, he, on June 13th, attacked the enemy in his intrenchments on the Zapote. The country was most unin- viting for military operations, and he made his dispositions for a main attack on the river bridge, near which, after hard and persistent elTort, he had secured a position which flanked a portion of the enemy's lines. The Navy had, in the mean time, at a point on the shore of the bay, landed from one of its vessels near Las Pinas thirty-eight men and a quick-firing gun where it could do execution on the left flank of the insur- gents should they attempt demonstrations in that direction. At 3 o'clock that after- noon General Lawton wired to headquarters in Manila that the battle was severe, and that the enemy was fighting in strong force and with determination. Twenty minutes later he telegraphed, "We are having a beautiful battle. Hurry up ammunition; we will need it ;" and at 4 o'clock : " We have bridge. It has cost us dearly. Battle not yet over. It is a battle, however. I can not approximate our loss. It will be fifteen or twenty, I think. Several are killed — two or three. I have not had time to ascertain." That evening he telegraphed as follows: Las Pinas, June 13^6:07 p. in. Adjutant General., Department of Pacific: Impossible to give many details of fight. We were engaged at close range this morn- ing. Enemy ciimr l)ul(|ly inhi the oiicn jrronnd ,ind advanced to 130 and 100 yards. This evening we as^Muliiil ticnclics 2'i t'>(;l iliirk, crossing I'ivcr in their front. Many of enemy'sdcad lay in trciicli's. WC now oiciiiiy sonili sideof river. The report of wounded in engagement thi.s a. in. was exaggerated. Many heat prostrations were reported wounded. The number will be about 7 or S. The surgeon reports 29 wounded, now in hospital. I know there are several more to come and none of the dead arc yet in. I believe some 40 will cover the killed and wounded for the day. The nun and ollieers fought like Americans, and I will mention later several for most distinguished gal- lantry. Among them General Ovenshine ; Captain Sage, Twenty-third Infantry; Lieu- tenants Donovan and Oonnelley, Twenty-first Infantry, the latter two wounded. Lawton, Major General, Volunteers. The enemy fled southward up the Zapote River to Imus and San Nicholas, a few westward along the shore of the bay, and our troops took possession of Bacoor, extend- ing their outposts toward Old Cavite and Imus. The inhabitantsgladly welcomed their arrival and offered to furnish every assistance in their power if the requisite protection could be given them. It was not desired nor was it the intention to pursue the enemy southward under any circumstances if it involved us with even temporary occupation of the country, as our strength did not justify such a .scattering of our forces, and as every available man should be sent toward our true objective in the north. The Cavite and Batangas provinces, though the original hotbeds of all insurrections in these islands, were without military importance under the conditions then prevailing, and General Lawton, before moving out of Manila, was warned against taking possession of any southern country which looked to permanency. However, the inhabitants of this section were suflering for rice and those near the bay coast had not i)Ianted their crops. 510 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. They importuned us for the continued presence of troops, that they might unmolested commence their planting and be assured that they would receive the reward of their labors. On the morning of June 15th General Lawton telegraphed as follows : A representative of the civil government at Imus has just come, formally announ- cing the surrender of that place and inviting the Americans to enter. He states the insurgents all left yesterday afternoon in the direction of San Francisco de Malabon. He states the people of that section are frightened and tired of war and want peace, and welcome the Americans with pleasure. This man states in further explanation of the direction taken bv the troops leaving Imus that they went in several directions, but •J'enerallv toward Da-niarinas and Malabon ; that the men were much demoralized, but were afraid of tlu'ir -.lu-ials : that TIh'V havr little aminunition. nnv lapi.l-tire gun, and one muzzle-loadin- -un. Tliey ,-,,nniuMi,-.Ml removing thr cartnchi.' ta.Mory three days since and that it was lal^in l<> Bueiiavista, which lies between Malal).)ii and Dasmari- nas The reconnoissance made yesterday did not tind the encniy, alihougli it went almost to Imus. The bridge below Bacoor is now in our possessi.)n and -iiarded One hundred and twentv-flve insurgents buried yesterday here. Sixtten nun, iiichiding one captain were buried at Imus vesterday. I think we should piisli Uie encniy a little more This'uvm striU'v that I hi- iicdplc ^\n iKil wish war and that they look upon the \nii'ricans as IVi. mis :ni(l urr -1:1(1 m sec Ihiiii conic, but that Agninaldo and his cut- tliroats'tthi's is lii> own cxpicssi.im uiilv iloirc war. Tlic vicinity of our tight on the extreme right, where the icconiioissance was made this morning, has not yet been vis- ited ; many dead must be found there. While General Lawton was operating in the vicinity of Las Pinas and the mouth of the Zapote River three hundred men of the Cavite garrison, taken from the California Heavy Artillery and the Pennsylvania Regiment, were sent southward on reconnois- sance along the neck of land which connects that point and the main shore, against the town of Noveleta — this to create a diversion in our favor and ascertain what we could of the enemy's positions and intentions. These troops were engaged on this duty and incidental movements for three successive days. They penetrated the country to Old Cavite, San Francisco de Malabon and nearly to Rosario, and determined the fact that no great number of insurgents could have retreated in that direction, although still in considerable force in that section. The following response, therefore, was sent to Gen- eral Lawton's telegram, which is above set out: Do not think that insurgents retreated toSan Francisco de Malabon, except probably small detachments may have gone in that direction. Road from Imus to Malabon very- bad and all insurgents have re'tired from Noveleta. Their proper line of retreat would have been soutli. We do not wish to hold Innis. l>ut ynu can send llu re a c.iuplcof battalions with I'guiisfor temporary purposes, utili/.iiig for preseiu dispositions all troops vou have and tlie 3 battalions sent you tliis morning. My mfornialion is tha^ many insurgents have received instructions from Baldamero Aguinalilo to return to their homes with their guns, and to secrete guns for future use. This may account for the unusual number of "amigos" at Paraiiaque. Rice and beef for distribution to the inhab- itants will be sent to Lasl'iiias, also to Parafiaque, in the morning. That morning I had cabled to Washington the following : Manila, P. I., June 15, 1S99. It subsequently appeared that the insurgent army, after retreating through Imus, divided, the larger portion continuing its retreat south toDasmarinas, about eight miles distant therefrom, the remainder proceeding westward to Malabon, where they were found in increased numbers on June 16th by the Cavite reconnoissance detachments. On that day General Wheaton was sent to Imus with the Fourth Infantry and a platoon of artillery. On this day the military operations of the insurgents in the north, who were again becoming quite active, received a severe check, and once more comparative ciuiet in that section was restored. At noon we received a dispatch from General MacArthur, sent from San Fernando, as follows : OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. ')\\ At about -1.30 this a. ni. an extensive demonstration was made by insurgents against this place. They appeared on our entire front, on both sides of the river — that is to say, the town was entirely surrounded. The diameter of the line of insurgent operations was about :'. miles. As far as the town was concerned, the attack was reported at all points, with considerable loss to insurgents. Our loss not yet ascertained, probably not largo. Line went down immcdiaPly. * * * Sinet' wrilint; have information of 50 feet of track being talsen up in vicinity of Apaite station. :Mallory takes material, and will repair break if possible. We havi- in neigh- borhood of 50 of enemy's dead in our possession and soniethini; lilji' Si wonnded. Some 75 guns have been captured and are in our possession or destroyed, onr loss .so far reported, 1- wounded ; mostly slight. Further particulars as soon as ascertained. In tln' afternoon the following was received : San Feknando, June ir,—'i:.ii p. m. Adjutant Gener.\l: In reply to wire rcri nesting report of particulars of attack respectfully made to my previitus message in the pi-emisc>s: in this a. m., reference is addition to which it is ave bei-n apparent for a luimlier of da\s, and Ilia: i li^' a li'a i i' t Ijis a . ni, was pTcinedi lated and intended to ]h- on a verv laive >eale. willi a view to surr.aindin- this , miand an tion between leae and (aluni|)ii- Theiv is very little doubt n Ijresent in perscjn and that the number of troo|is emplo,\-ed nun men, man,^• of whom base iieen reeentl\- l)ronnbl from the norti even from the line east of the I'inag de Candana. This elabora in complete failure at every point, although every position in ^ id si\-ering eo lunica- ibered\|nile .'..oilO armed 1 l)v train, and possibly Lte preparation resulted Dur front was attacked. We have in our hands in the neighborhood of 100 dead and wounded insurgents, and their losses probably run well into the hundreds. MacArthur, Major General. And later in the day General MacArthur tt?legraphed : It is reported, with a (Considerable probability of being true, that Aguinaldo was pres- ent in command of troojjs liere this morning, or in the immediate viei nil \-, snpeivi sing operations. The demonstration was on a very <'Xtensive scale, in which not less than 3,000 men were employed, and probably very many more. The movement has been in preparation for several days; the details were very elaborate. The Iowa regiment did some flue work immediately after appearance of enemy in their immediate vicinity. They made an extensive return in fine shape, and drove the insurgents back through their own works and out of sight, with heavy punishment of enemy, 15 of whose dead were left in their hands and 12 wounded. The Kansas regiment also made a handsome offensive return. The insurgents left 39 of their dead with them and quite a number of wounded. After General Wheaton had reached Imus he endeavored to locate the enemy by reconnoissance, and, believing him to be in considerable force, he was strengthened by additional troops, so that he had with him the entire Fourth and a battalion of the Fourteenth Infantry, the Nevada Cavalry, and four pieces of artillery. On the morning of June 19th he sent Major Bubb, with his battalion of the Fourth Infantry and one gun, southward on the Dasmarinas road. Shortly before noon, when the reconnoitering party had advanced some six or seven miles without encountering opposition and was about to return, the enemy, in strong force, concealed in the thick brush and the sur- rounding swampy undergrowth, suddenly made an attack on its front tiank. Bubb, fighting his men skillfully against heavy odds, slowly retreated, for four hours inflicting punishment on the enemy, until General Wheaton, learning of the affair and taking the two remaining battalions of the Fourth Infantry and three guns, joined him. Wheaton then quickly threw forward his entire force, routed the enemy, and drove him at rapid pace back on Dasmarinas, near which he bivouacked for the night. As soon as this movement was reported, a battalion of Ninth Infantry was hastened from Bacoor to Imus for the purpose of strengthening the force left there, thus rendering the place secure against attack from the direction of either San Nicholas or Malabon, and to reenforce Wheaton, if necessary. Its position at Bacoor was taken by two hundred men hastily moved across Manila Bay in cascoes from the Cavite Arsenal. On the evening of the following day this dispatch was received : Desmarina.s, June '20 — r,:U0p. m. Major General Otis : Yesterday I sent Bubb's battalion. Fourth Infantry, and one 3.:2-inch gun o?i recon- noissance on Dasmarinas road, from Imus. Seven miles out he met the enemy in force, advancing to attack on Imus. He engaged in combat with them nniil J, in iMison, reenforced him with 2 battalions and 3 guns. The enemy was. ipletely iduled, dying in the direction of Dasmarinas and San Francisco. His loss in killed was large — ,')5 of his dead were brought to Dasmarinas church. The column bivouacked on the Dasma- 512 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. rinas road for the night. This morning I reenforced the column with 7 companies and advanced and occupied Dasmarlnas. small bodies of the enemy resisting on the front and flanks. They had 6 killed and 2 wounded brought to Dasmarlnas church. Our loss so far, only 6 wounded. Yesterday we had 4 killed and ^0 wounded — all of the Fourth Infantry. The enemy's main body is now between here and San Francisco. Dasmarlnas has l)ut few houses, is surrounded by swamps, and is a long day's march from Imus. Road impracticable in bad weather. I will return to Imus with my com- mand to-morrow, unless otherwise directed. Wheaton. He was directed to di'ive off or destroy the insurgents' moving arsenal or cartridge manufactory reported to be at Buenavista, a near point, and thereupon returned to Imus, as the roads had been rendered impracticable by heavy rains for any further operations in that section. Buenavista could not be reached on account of intervening swamps, and the column returned to Imus, experiencing difficulty in moving the artillery over the wretched roads. Shortly thereafter all troops were retired from Imus, except the Fourth Infantry and a platoon of artillery. The Fourteenth Infantry and a troop of cavalry were left to garrison the towns of Bacoor, Las Pinas, and Paranaque. Local municipal governments of a primitive character were established, supervised by officers present in command of troops, and the people, apparently well satisfied, betook themselves to the planting of their rice and their formerly accustomed avocations. We had thus, under circumstances which had been forced upon ns bj' the determined opposition of the insurgents, enlarged our holdings in the south by a considerable acquisition of territory which was without strategic importance, although it made con- trol of the waters of Manila Bay less difficult, as the coast was now in our possession from the pi-ovince of Bataan to the Cavite Peninsula, excepting the slight portion between Bacoor and Noveleta on the south. But this occupation deprived us of the active aid of two thousand five hundred men for field movements when their services at the north were important. We were now busily engaged in discharging over sixty per cent of the enlisted men of the artillery and infantry regiments of the regular establishment, which had joined us previous to February, and in bringing into Manila and preparing for departure the volunteer organizations. We had still in the Visayas six thousand two hundred men and in Luzon twenty-six thousand, of whom more than twenty thousand were for duty, but the most of the volunteers were not considered available, except possibly to meet some unexpected emergency, and before the end of July more than eight thousand of them had been discharged or sailed for the United States, their places being in part taken by new arrivals. The end of the month found us with twenty-nine thousand four hundred and twenty- seven enlisted men, of whom twenty-three thousand two hundred and seventy-nine were reported for duty, and of whom eighteen thousand were in the island of Luzon. Active hostilities were maintained by a continued series of minor affairs, notwithstand- ing the unparalleled heavy rainfall of forty-six inches in a single month, with an accom- paniment of a number of severe typhoons. These affairs occurred mostly on our railway line of communication and at the north, and attended our endeavors to open the Laguna de Bay country for traffic with Manila, for which the inhabitant were particularly desirous. The latter efforts were not successful to any great extent because of insurgent bands which appeared at various points on the lake to secui-e the commercial advan- tages and the persistent labors of traders in Manila, either insurgent sympathizers or seekers (who were of varied nationalities) for individual gain, whom pecuniary profit infiuenced more than conscience or fear of punishment. It was found to be impossible to hold in satisfactory check contraband trade, and as for the rice and other articles of subsistence sent out of the city, it was ascertained that the greater portion of it found its way to the insurgent troops. This trade was therefore again placed under restric- tions, which are enforced still. The troops doing duty in the lake region were active. A dismounted squadron of the Fourth Cavalry, under command of Captain McGrath, supplied with a launch and cascoes as transportation, visited many points on the lake and were received at times with white fiags and the friendly demonstration of the inhabitants and at Mmes by the bullets of the insurgent troops, whom they invariably OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 513 drove into the interior, but who returned after our men departed. On July 2()th Cal- amba, which had been strongly intrenched and supposedly firmly held, was captured by General Lawton's troops, consisting of the Twenty-first Infantry, a squadron of the Fourth Cavalry, and a battalion drawn from the Washington regiment, all placed under the command of Brigidier General Hall, with the loss in casualities of three men killed and eleven wounded. The insurgents stoutly resisted, but, as it has always happened in such cases, they experienced a costly discomfiture. Los Banos, the location of an expensive military hospital errected by Spain, was also taken, and the two places are still held by our troops, composed of a platoon of Light Battery F, Fifth Artillery, and the entire Twenty-first Infantry. Several attempts have been made to dislodge them by concentrated forces of the enemy, which have resulted in failure and severe punish- ment. Our returns for August 31st showed a total Army force present in the Philippines of thirty thousand nine hundred and sixty-three officers and enlisted men, of whom more than three thousand five hundred were volunteers awaiting shipment and men of the regular regiments about to be discharged, and hence could not be reckoned among the availables. Of this total, twelve and a fraction per cent were sick, leaving twenty-seven thousand one hundred and eighty-nine officers and men for duty. Deducting therefrom the volunteers, there were left less than twenty-four thousand officers and men for duty, of whom four thousand one hundred and forty-flve were absent in Jolo, the Visayan Islands, and at Cavite Arsenal. Of the less than twenty thousand remaining for duty in Luzon, two thousand six hundred belonged to the provost guard of the City of Manila, one thousand nine hundred were on special duty, three hundred and forty-flve were in confinement, and nearly nine hundred were members of the Hospital Corps. The force of active combatants outside of the city was therefore between thirteen thousand and fourteen thousand men, of whom five thousand were required to hold the long line encircling the same. We received from the United States in August one hundred and thirty-three officers and four thousand two hundred and forty-seven enlisted men, con- sisting of an engineer company, the Nineteenth Infantry, ten companies of the Twenty- fourth and Twenty-fifth Infantry, two troops of Fourth Cavalry, and one thousand one hundred and ninety-five recruits for the various regular organizations. The casualties in killed and wounded among all United States troops in the Philip- pines from August 1, 1898, to August 31, 1899, number nineteen hundred, and were, from the period from August 1st to February 4th, which includes the capture of Manila from the Spaniards, one commissioned officer and eighteen enlisted men killed or fatally wounded, eleven officers and ninety-seven enlisted men wounded, but not fatally ; and for the period from February 4th, when the insurgents declared war against the United States, to August 31, 1899, nineteen officers and three hundred and forty-two enlisted men killed or who died of wounds received in battle, and eighty-seven officers and thir- teen hundred and twenty-five enlisted men wounded. The majority of the wounded have recovered. Only four enlisted men have been reported as captured in action. One hundred and seventy-eight men dropped as desert- ers are still at large. Many of them escaped from the islands, but this desertion list includes men who absented themselves from their companies without permission and carelessly wandered beyond our lines into the enemy's country. These possibly aggre- gate thirty or forty. A few men who had been discovered as former deserters from the Array, again deserted direct to the enemy, and some of them, it is rumored, hold com- missions in Aguinaldo's forces. One officer. Captain Rockefeller, Ninth Infantry, is missing. While inspecting his picket posts near Manila on the night of April 29th he lost his bearings and wandered away from his command. Search was made for him for two days by a detachment of his regiment, but unsuccessfully, and no satisfactery information had been received concerning him although repeated inquiries in various directions have been made. Deaths from accident for the thirteen months ending August 31, 1899, aggregate Ave officers and ninety-one enlisted men, of which fifty-eight resulted from drowning and eleven suicide. Those drowned were mostly engaged in reconnoissance duty at the time and lost their lives in attempts to cross rivers swollen 33 514 OREGOIV VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. by heavy rainfalls. Deaths from disease number twelve officers and four hundred and twenty-six enlisted men, of whom ninety died of variola, one hundred and twenty of typhoid fever, and seventy-two of dysentery. Therefore the total loss by deaths from battle and disease of the Eighth Army Corps in the Philippines for the thirteen months ending August 31, 1899, was thirty-seven commissioned officers and eight hundred and seventy-nine enlisted men, and the total of deaths and casualties of every description, slight wounds included, numbered one hundred and forty-four among commissioned officers and twenty-two hundred and eight among enlisted men. During the entire period covered by the foregoing general recital of the strictly mili- tary operations of the troops in these islands, the varied subjects arising in civil admin- isti'ation, the settlement of affairs between Spain and the United States, and the antag- onistic individual interests connected with trade and commerce gave constant per- plexity and required unremitting labor. When the armed insurgents had been driven away from the vicinity of Manila, the inhabitants of Manila asked for some sign of American expressed intention in inaugurating its Filipino government. We had con- trol of nearly all of the province in which the city is situated, and it was believed for a time that we could with safety set up a provincial governor, and revive, to a certain extent, the formerly enforced civil regulations with which the people were acquainted, amending them so that reported past abuses could not be practiced. The organization of a civil government for Manila was also taken under advisement, but conservative precaution indicated that such action might be attended with risk, especially as to property, for the population was becoming very dense, and much of it of a floating char- acter, and needed close watching and a measureable degree of repression. Manila is now and for some time has been looked upon by the natives as the only safe refuge in Luzon, and unless those seeking it for an abiding place were restrained numbers would soon become too great to carry out necessary sanitary measures for the preservation of the public health and possibly to enforce the required regulations for the public safety. No correct census of the city's population has ever been taken, and none has been attempted for several years. Estimates vary widely. Conservative people place it under four hun- dred thousand and some educated and practical Filipino residents report it as high as six hundred thousand. The majority of this mass is irresponsible and easily excited. Insurgent agents, some with fair social standing, if not prominence, and holding appointments from Aguinaldo, are continually plotting in our midst, and Manila and every landed province under our control has its accredited insurgent governor. Under these prevailing conditions the introduction of a civil supervision of affairs by citizens, though under general military control, has been deferred. In the city a civil native police force has been organized, numbering three hundred and sixty, which is divided into four companies, each having its native captain and sergeants, and has worked admirably thus far in connection with the provost guard. These men, like our Are department, have thus far proved true, and are feared by the criminals and disloyal ele- ment of the population much more than our soldiers who patrol the streets, because they are known to and are closely watched by them. Other cities and towns in our pos- session were accorded local government under military supervisory restrictions, as shown in the following directory provisions of orders, viz : 1. In each town there will be a municipal council, composed of a president and as manv representatives or headmen as there may be wards or barrios in the town, which shall he charged with I he iiiaintenaiK-e of public order and the regulation of municipal affairs in pa it iculars lien i nailer named. It will formulate rules to govern its sessions and order of imsiness cnnmcteil therewith, and by majority vote (to be determined by the president in lasi^ of a tie) will, through the adoption of ordinances or decrees, to be exe- cuti il liv the |)ivvi,iint, administer the municipal government; but no ordinance or decree sliall he eiiidiced until it receives the approval of the commanding officer of the troops tliere stationed. 2. Tlje pi'esident shall be elected hyaviva rner vote of residents of tlie town, approved by the eomnianding officer, and, together Willi the lieadmen or rejiresentatives of the council, sliall hold office for one year. He shall lie o|' nalive liirtli and parentage and a resident and property owner of the town. 'I'lie headnieii sliall bi- eleeteil liy a viva voee vote of residents of their wards or barrios and shall reside and own ))r(>perty therein. 3. The president shall be the executive of the municipal (council to execute its decrees issued for the following purposes, viz : To establish a pt)lice force. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 515 To collect taxes and license fees, to act as treasurer of public funds, and to make dis- bursements on warrants of the council. To enforce regulations relating to traffic and the sale of spirits, to establish and reg- ulate markets, to inspect live stock and record transfers and brands of the same. To perform the duties formerly belonging to the lieutenant of the paddy fields. To enforce sanitary measures. To establish schools. To provide for lighting the town. 4. The senior headman, or one designated by the council, shall be vice-president of the same, assistant to the president, and shall be ex otficio lieutenant of police. 5. The headman of a ward is the delegate of the president for that ward ; shall take measures to maintain order, and shall have power to appoint two assistants. (i. The council shall have no jurisdiction in civil cases, but on the application of par- ties in interest and their agreement in writing to accept the award of the council, it shall hear and decide cases involving property not exceeding in value 1.500. 7. In criniinal matters the president, rei'icsentini;' the council, shall make the pre- Uminarv examination and, according to tlie result, discharge the prisoner or transfer him immediately to the custody of the military authorities for trial by provost court. s. Tlie lieutenant of police may arrest or order the arrest of persons violating a city ordinanee, disturb! im the peace, or accused of crime; but no person shall beheld incon- tinement louirer than twenty-four hours without a preliminary examination, and no person shall lie arrested for nonpayment of taxes or for debt. i). The ]iresideiit shall render to the council during the first week of each month a certified account of collections under each tax, and of disbursements made during the preceding month. Said accounts, having been approved by the council, shall be for- warded, with vouchers, to the commanding officer of the troops, who shall make and retain a certified copy thereof. 10. Special appropriations shall require a unanimous vote of the council ; regular dis- bursements may be made by ordinary decree on a majority vote. 11. Whenever the commanding officer of troops shall notify, in writing, the council that in his judgment a decree issued under subdivision :> is inadeciuately executed, or shall make any other criticism or recommendation, the t-ouneil will convene as soon thereafter as practicable to consider his communication and shall make written reply thereto, which reply, if he deem it sufficient, he shall forward, with his remarks, through military channel's, to these headquarters. 12. The foregoing provisions, tentative in character, are subject to amendment by enlargement or curtailment, as special conditions or development may make necessary. In most instances these simple local establishments answer all purposes of a tempo- rary nature and are drawn from former Spanish decrees and customs. In some cases the president has been discovered to be an ardent insurgent, engaged in forcing money collections in the interest of the enemy, but he is apt to de-sert his post and join his friends with his extortions before he can be arrested. One in whom confidence had been placed sold out for a general's commission and is now actively engaged in annoying our troops south of Manila. The lack of manifested surprise or indignation on the part of citizens by whom these criminals had been instructed with the management of local affairs on discovering that they had been deceived and robbed presents an unfavorable commentary on the moral complexion of the native. The Spanish civil courts, from which criminal jurisdiction had been taken, as here- tofore shown in this report, had voluntarily closed their sessions in October and Novem- ber, leaving the administration of justice by constituted tribunals to the provost courts of our creation. These provost courts could meet requirements in commercial matters, but the business of merchants and the property transactions of inhabitants necessitated judicial a.ssistance of a strictly civil nature. The reestablish ment of civil courts became the subject of mature deliberation. A number of conferences were held with Judge .\rellano, a leading Filipino lawyer, who accepted the position of secretary of state in Aguinaldo's cabinet under popular pressure and from which he had withdrawn of his own volition shortly after acceptance, in the conviction that he could not thereby serve the interests of his people. After much hesitancy he promised to comply with my request to assist in the reestablishment of the supreme court of the islands and those of inferior jurisdiction for the city of Manila and suburbs. He advised strongly against a purely native judiciary, as the Asiatic consular court practice would result, since domi- ciled foreigners would not submit to the orders of a native court except under protest and appeal for relief to their own governments, and this would give rise to international difficulties. He advised that judges be selected from the most competent lawyers of the islands, and from United States officers versed in the law and acquainted with United States civil codes of procedure, to the end that simpler forms of practice might be sub- stituted gradually for the cumbersome and dilatory methods hitherto pursued by Spain. 510 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The Spanish law, built upon royal prerogative, legislative enactments, and decrees of governing officers Issued under conferred powers, extending over a period of centuries, has never been codified. In order to organize tribunals of justice, with membership other than Spanish and with modified powers and forms of procedure, in order to impose upon the inhabitants the laws of Spain intelligently amended in essential par- ticulars, required exhaustive research. This labor Judge Arellano undertook and car- ried to sufficient completion to enable us to make the necessary legal modifications and to organize the courts. His recommendation for the appointment of certain men to the bench who were drawn not only from Luzon but also from the Visayan Islands were approved and orders prepared by him and Lieutenant Colonel Crowder, of the judge advocate's department, were duly issued, as follows : GENERAii Orders, i Office United States Military Governor No. 20. ) IN the Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., May 29, 1S99. I. (Uiaiitero, title 2, of tlie Organic Royal Decree of January 5, 1S91, prescribing the qualilieations of appoinlcc's to colonial judicial ollicc, is, in its application to judicial II. Thr suprcHK' court of thi' I'liilipiiine islands (iuuiicncia territorial), heretofore adnii'iiistcicd in t lie city of .Manila.thc i-xeiviseof whose iurisdiction has been suspended as t.ici-iiniiinl aliairs si'n.-r August 13, 1898, and as to civil afl'airs since .Ian uary :-!0, 1899, is herelix- re. st:il)lished and will exercise the jurisdictsoii, civil and criminal, which it pos- sessed prior to Aumist l:i, IM'S, in so far as compatible witli the sn]ii-einacy of the United States in said islands, and will administer the laws recognized as continuing in force by proclamation troin tliese headquarters dated August 14, 1898, except in so far as they have been, or mav hereafter lie, modified by authority of the United States. III. The'lollowiiii,' appointments are announced: President (presidente), D. Cayetano Arellano. civil branch (sala de lo civil). President (presidente), D. Manuel Araullo. Associate justices (magistrados), D. Gre- gorio Araneta, Lieut. Col. E. H. Crowder, judge advocate, U. S. V. criminal branch (sala de lo criminal). President (presidente), D. Raymundo Melliza. Associate justices (magistrados), D. Ambrosio Rianzares, D. Julio Llorente, Maj. R. W. Young, Utah Volunteer Light Artillery, Capt. W. E. Birkhimer, Third U. S. Artillery. ATTORNEYS ( MINISTERIO FISCAL). Attorney of Mn' supieuie court f fiscal do la audiencia territorial), D. Florentino Torres. Assistant attoriie\ (eiiii'iite liscal), I). Dioinsio ( 'lianco. Th<> ap|ioinlnieiit of -n Im ,ril i iiate oHicials of this court will lie announced later. I\'. The supreme court a s ahove constituted will meet ni)on the call of its president at the earliest practical date for the purpose of organizing and for the formulation of such recommendations relating to its procedure under United States authority as may be deemed by it advisable. . The officers herein named and all others who may be appointed hereafter to act m any capacity in connection with the administration of courts of justice in these Islands will, before entering upon the discharge of their official duties, subscribe and take the following : i OATH OF OFFICE. I, , having been appointed in the Philippine Islands, recognize and accept the supreme authority of the United States of America. And I do solemnly swear that I will maintain good faith and tidelitv to that Government; that I will obey the existing laws which rule in the l>hilii>iiiue Islands, as well as the legal orders and decrees of the duly constituted tioverninenf therein ; that I impose upon myself this voluntary obligation without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the oltice upon which I am about to enter. So help me God. The prescribed oath may be administered by the j udge of the provost court of Manila, or by such other officers as may be designated for that purpose by proper authority. By command of Major General Otis . „ ^ Thomas H. Barry, AssUtant Adjutant Gene7-al. OREGON V0LUNTEP:RS in SrANISH WAR. 517 General Orders, I Ofkuk United States Military Governor No. 21. j IN THE Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., June 5, 1S99. The courts of first Instance of the province of Manila and the courts of the peace heretofore held In the city of Manila, P. I., are hereby reestablished and will exercise the lurisdiction, civil and criminal, possessed by them prior to August i:?, 1S9S, in so far as (•()!iiiiatil)U> with the supremacy of the United States in the Philippine Islands and the exercise of military government therein, and will administer the laws recognized as conlinuiiiir iu force by proclamation from these headquarters dated August 14, 1898, except in so far as these laws have been, or hereafter may be modified by authority of the United States. ,. ^ . , ^ ^. The division of the province of Manila into the four judicial districts of Binondo, Tondo, Quiapo, and Intramuros, as such districts existed prior to August 13, 1898, is con- tinued. The territorial jurisdiction of the justice of the peace in each of these districts shall be coextensive with that of the court of first instance therein. The following appointments are announced for courts of first Instance : DISTRICT OF BINONDO. Judge, D. Antonio Majarreis ; district attorney, D. Perfecto Gabriel. DISTRICT OF TONDO. Judge, D. Basilio Regalado Mapa; district attorney, D. Jos6 Ner. DISTRICT OF QUIAPO. Judge, D. Hipolito Magsalin ; district attorney, D. Vicente Rodriguez. DISTRICT OF INTRAMUROS. Judge. D. Jose Baza Enriquez ; district attorney, D. Lucio Villarreal. The following for the justice courts : DISTRICT OF BINONDO. Justice of the peace, D. Jost' M. Meinije; substitute, D. Ramon Manalac Alberto. DISTRICT OF TONDO. Justice of the peace, D. Pedro Ricafort; substitute, D. Ignacio Ver de la Cruz. DISTRICT OF aUIAPO. Justice of the peace, D. Martiniano Veloso: substitute, D. Claudio Gabriel. DISTRICT OF INTRAMTJROS. Justice of the peace, D. Jos6 Martinez Quintero; substitute, D. Jos6 del Castillo. The following appointments iu the supreme court, of the Philippine Islands are hereby announced : Secretary of civil branch, D. Roman Espiritu. Secretary of criminal branch. U. Ramon Fernandez. As.sistan't attorneys, D. Tomas G. Del Rosarlo, D. Antonio Constantino. Secretary of the flscalia, D. Bartalome Revllla. The secretaries of the court above appoiuted shall receipt to Lieut. Col. E. H. Crowder, judge advocate, U. S. V., for records and property pertaining to their respective branches of the court. The division of the citv and province of Manila into two districts for the purpose of registering titles to property, as sucli distiiets existed prior to August 13, 1898, is con- firmed, and thefoUowliiK appointnieiits ,,( rei:istrars for the same announced: Registrar for the north district, D. Simplicio del Rosario. Registrar for the south district, 1). Francisco Urtigas. Bv command of Major General Otis : Thomas H. Barry, AssisUoU Adjutant General. General Orders, ) Office of the United States Military Governor No. 22 ] IN THE Philippine Islands. Manila, P. I., June 17, 1S99. I. The supreme court of tlie Pliilippiiie Islands and the courts of first instance and of the peace for the province of Manila, reestal)lislied in (ieneral Oiders Nos. JO anil 21, current series, this office, are ainiouiii'ed as opi'u and in tin.' exercis<' of tlieir juiisdici ion, civil and criminal, on and after Wednesday, .June i'!, is<»!). Tlie sessions of tlie supreme court will be held in the building known as the " audiencia ;" those of the courts of first instance and of the peace in the building known as the "Casa de la Moneda," Intra- muros. II. The jurisdiction of the courts specified in Paragraph I of this order, and of other civil courts which may hereafter be reestablished, shall not extend to and include 518 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. crimes and (ifleiiscs, coiumitted by either citizens of or persons sojourning within the Philii>|>iiM' Islands, wliich are prejudicial to the military administration and discipline, excipf li\ anihniKy specially conferred by the military governor. Jurisdiction to try and award puiiishincnt in the class of cases designated remains vested in provost courts, courts-martial, or military commissions. By command of Major General Otis : Thomas H. Barry, Assistant Adjutant General. These orders were followed by others abolishing useless offices and methods of pro- cedure, prescribing rules under which attorneys could be admitted to practice, in put- ting in force an amended notarial law, and announcing the appointment of notaries and other court officers. The court of the audiencia took up at once unfinished business and the hearing and deciding of appeal civil causes. It has worked industriously and conscientiously under the able leadership of the president, and I doubt if any former Philippine tribunal has ever displayed equal legal ability. Some friction attended the running of the minor courts, which has been greatly reduced and has about ceased under special provisions of orders issued to meet varying conditions. The jurisdiction and punishing power of the superior provost court has been extended to meet cases of fraud involving the public revenue. All of these tribunals have succeeded in accom- plishing the objects for which they were established beyond my expectation, and will, I am convinced, lay the foundation upon which to build an able and satisfactory judi- ciary for the islands when peace shall succeed war. Two of the three civilian members of the so-called peace commission, which was appointed early in January, arrived on March 5th, and the third. Colonel Denby, on April 2d, two days after our troops had entered the insurgent capital of Malolos. The first meeting was held on March 20th, when an organization was eflfected and its pre- siding officer. President Schurraan, was requested to prepai-e an address to the Filipino people, to be issued as a proclamation, expressive of the desire and intentions of the United States Government in taking control of the islands. This he did, and the paper which he subsequently presented was pronounced excellent in tone and most admirablj' indicative of the liberal and humane policy which it was understood by all that the United States intended to adopt. It was unanimously decided to print, publish, post, and disseminate as much as possible among the inhabitants under insurgent domina- tion this address, printing the same in the English, Spanish, and Tagalo languages. This was done, but scarcely had it been posted in Manila twenty-four hours before it was so torn and mutilated as to be unrecognizable. It suffered the same fate as the procla- mation of January 4th, set out heretofore in this report; but it produced a marked ben- eficial infiuence on the people, especially those outside our lines, as it carried with it a conviction of the United States' intentions, on account of the source from which it emanated, it being an expression from a committee of gentlemen specially appointed to proclaim the policy which the United States would pursue. So pernicious to insurgent interests was its effect that Aguinaldo or his officers took measures to i-epress it wherever it was possible for them to do so. It is still the subject of discussion, and insurgents of influence have recently expressed a willingness to accept its terms and abide by its promises could they be assured that Congress would redeem them. This commission will probably very soon report its proceedings. Investi- gations, conclusions, and recommendations, if it has not already done so. Though a membei", I found it impossible to attend many of its sessions, and am ignorant of the scope or particulars of its labors. Its members, especially Colonel Denby and Professor Worcester, who remained here until their very recent recall, were of great assistance in strengthening the confidence of our native friends in the promises and good intentions of the United States with regard to the country, and aided me in many ways by counsel and by their investigations of practical subjects which were presented for determina- tion. The shipment of Spanish prisoners of war was taken up in earnest as soon as the rat- ification of the Paris treaty was officially communicated; also the settlement of prop- erty rights between Spain and the United States, upon which extended argument was indulged in as to the meaning of treaty provisions which must determine ownership. OKEOON VOLUNTKKKS IN Sl'AXrsil WAR. 511> There were also involved the rights of many private citizens who had invested in unde- livered Spanish bonds of a late issue, which had been retained in the treasury or who had deposited with the Spanish Government money or securities for the performance of obligations assumed. Under a mutual agreement boards of officers to consider all ques- tions of disagreement or on which antagonistic opinion was held were appointed by the resident authorities of the two nations interested, Spain also appointing a special liqui- dation committee of her citizens to present her interests .in matters of a strictly civil nature. The labors of these boards were very great and extended over a period of several months. The United States board was convoked in the following order : A board of officers, to consist of Maj. Charles McClure, chief paymaster r tin' S])anisli ( lovci nnunt in tlie Pliilippines. The board will determine upon soiiie dctiniu ((iinsc nl pioc. d ni'. by winch the Spanish committee can have access to all records and doiiinicnis now in iiossession of the United States autliorilies which it may desire to consult, and will arrange there- for. No proiierl V or I'eccirds can be delivered until the proposed treaty receives validity tlirougli ralitication. and the board will continue its sessions anticipating that event when definite instructions looking to a settlement of public affiiir-s, judicial and execu- tive can be conveved. The board will ascertain fully the desires of the committee as to the nature and fiill extent of its desired action and give it every possible facility con- sistent with the present status of affairs. Membership in this board was frequently changed, owing to emergencies of service. All of the original members were sooner or later relieved and substitution made. Lieu- tenant Colonel Miley taking the place of Major McClure, and the former, an officer of very marked ability, who died in September, was succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel Hull of the judge advocate's department, through resulting seniority. The duties of the board are approaching completion, and probably it can be dissolved soon. It was found necessary to give it broad latitude of action, and on April 22d was empowered to admin- ister oaths and take testimony in matters over which it was authorized to exercise juris- diction, either by way of investigation or arbitrament. Questions of property rights upon which agreements could not be reached were referred for instructions. The more important of these were submitted to Washington for authoritative decision, and a con- struction of the meaning of the treaty provisions was obtained, which served as a rule for future guidance. The accompanying brief report of this board shows the character and general scope of its action, with its conclusions, but not the varied details of pro- ceedings, which were exhaustive on all subjects presented for consideration. At an early date there were presented claims of corporations which had obtained and were operating under Spanish concessions, for payment for public services, losses accru- ing for lack of protection as promised in those concessions, or for damages to property inflicted by both insurgents and United States representatives ; also very many claims from business houses and private individuals for destruction, loss, damage, or retention of their property, whether occasioned by the insurgents or our troops. Minor ones of undoubted validity were adjusted and paid from public funds, but those in which doubtful questions of legal obligations arose have been held in abeyance. To give atten- tion to all claims presented it was finally necessary to organize a board of claims, and the following order was issued : Special Orders, ] Office United States Military Governor Xo. 3. J IN the Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., April IS, 1S99. A board of officers is hereby appointed to consider and pass upon such claims against the United States Government, preferred by parties resident or otherwise in the I'hillp- pine Islands, and arising by reason of United Stales oeeiipatioii, as may be snlmiitted to it from this office for investigation and opinion. It will l>e gniiled in its deiisions by the rules of interpretation adopted by this oliiee in its pa^t eonsi.leralion ofdemands of this nature, in so far as they be applicable to eireuiastunees and conditions. 'Die board will meet to-morrow, the 19th instant, at 10 o'clock A. M., or as soon thereafter as practic- able, at the office of the j udge advocate of the Department of the Pacific, for the purpose of organization and fixing upon methods of procedure to govern its deliberations; and thereafter it will hold its sessions at such times and places as the presiding officer may announce: 520 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Detail for the board: Lieut. CoL E. H. Crowder, judge-advocate, U. S. V.; Maj. C. U. Gantenbein, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry; Capt. H. A. Greene, Twentieth United Slates Infantry ; Capt. J. G. Ballance, Twentj'-seeond United States Infantry. By command of Major General Otis : Thomas H. Barky, Assistant Adjutant General. Membership In this board has been changed occasionally as circumstances compelled, but the senior member is still serving thereon. It formulated and published rules to govern its proceedings and for the Information of all persons who desired to submit claims and by which they were to be guided in the preparation and submission of the same. Sixty-four claims, aggregating S60o,000 (Me.xlcan money), were received from residents of southern Luzon and for the most part Manila, and mostly involving the burning and looting of abandoned houses In the battles of February 5th and 22d at Manila. Few of this character appear to possess merit and are poorly sustained by proof of facts. Sev- eral asking for the return of property which was captured in the enemy's country or which was seized by our men for convenience of transportation have been adjusted with- out difficulty. The destruction of private property as a necessary incident of war in driving the insurgents from their defensive positions in the suburbs of Manila is a ques- tion involved in passing upon most of these demands. Twenty-five claims, aggregating 81,338,116 (Mexican), have been received from Hollo. They are defectively and carelessly drawn and very indefinite as to details. Only in a few cases is proof of ownership of property submitted. All but two call for damages to property incident to the forcible occupation of the city by our troops on February Uth last, when the insurgents upon retiring burned a considerable portion of it. One of the two exceptions is a claim for 86,000 presented by a Spaniard through the consular ofl3ce, because of the seizure of his printing establishment, after abandonment, wherein was printed a scurrilous newspaper, violently incendiary and abusive to the United States while our troops occupied Uoilo Harbor, before the seizure of the city. The other is also a demand for 86,000 from a Spaniard for the destruction of his boat and cargo by the United States Steamship Ben- nington while believed to be engaged in illicit trade. Mostly all others of these claims are based on the alleged responsibility of the United States to pay damages to the several owners of property destroyed in the Iloilo fire set by the insurgents upon forced evacua- tion, because of the fact that the United States began the attack on the city before the expiration of time announced in the notice to residents that it would commence, thus depriving them of the opportunity to remove or place their property which was des- troyed in better condition for preservation. The action of the Army and Navy, which constitutes the chief argument of the claimants for the legal validity of their demands, has been set out heretofore in this report. All but two of these claimants are subjects of foreign counlries. Under War Department instructions giving protection to the owners of patents and copyrights issued by the United States, the following directions were published: I. The offices of patents, of copyriglits, and of trade-marks, heretofore administered as separate bureau of the "Director General de Administraclon Civil," are hereby con- solidated into a single office, to be known as the Office of Patents, Copyrights, and Trade-marks, and placed in charge of Capt. George P. Ahern, Ninth U. S. Infantry, who will receipt to the Spanish authorities for all records, documents and property pertain- ing thereto. II. The duties enjoined in Circular No. 12, division of customs and insular afi'airs, in reference to the filing here of patents and trade-marks issued in the United States and duly registered in the United States Patent Office, and all duties which, under the laws relating to patents, copyrights, and trade-marks applicable to the Philippines, pertained to the " Director General de Administraclon Civil " and his subordinates, are hereby devolved upon the officer in charge of the office of patents, copyrights, and trade-marks above designated ; all matters of administration arising in that office which, under those laws, required the action of any higher authority than the " Director General de Administracion Civil " will be forwarded for consideration and action to the office of the United States military governor in the Philippines. III. So much of Article 27 of the royal decree of October 26, 18S8, regulating the con- cession and use of trade-marks, as requires reference to the Real Sociedad Economica of industrial marks, designs, or models presented for registration, for investigation and report as to whether such marks, designs, or models are already in use or are the prop- ertj- of third persons, is hereby suspended. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. H21 The business of this bureau has been active, requiring the worlc of an interpretor and two clerks under the constant supervision of Captain Ahem. It required him to collect and file all former Spanish records obtainable on this subject, some of which were kept in .Spain, and now the office is running smoothly comparatively. Every mail from the United States brings many certified patents for file and the exacted fee of 81 for filing more than pays the oflace expenses. In Manila and a few other cities where our troops are stationed to give inhabitants protection schools have been established Parents and children are eager for primary- school instruction and are very desirous to acquire a speaking knowledge of the English language. In the city of Manila more than five thousand children are attending these schools, which are maintained at a cost of nearly 10,000 Mexican dollars a month. Instructors are drawn trom the former Spanish and Filipino teachers, augmented by Americans, some of whom are discharged men from volunteer organizations and some from those who came to the islands on account of individual desire. The superintend- ent is a former soldier who had considerable experience in this profession in the United States. Many applications for positions as teachers are received through mailed com- munications and from persons who, if the references furnished can be relied on, would render valuable services here, but it will require time to firmly establish this educational plant. The higher education which the islands have hitherto enjoyed, as well as that of a minor character, has been entirely under the control of the religious orders and has centered in Manila. The Dominican order, rich in landed estates acquired through a series of years, inaugurating its educational policy under royal assistance, money con- tributions, and decrees when the educational field was entirely in the possession of the clergy, and seizing on by degrees to the educational institutions and scientific schools organized by the Jesuits under royal protection and conducted with funds from indi- vidual testators after that order had been driven from the islands, built up the Univer- sity of Manila and gradually incorporated in it these Jesuit foundations. Great eflPort was made to sever them from Dominican authority by recent statesmen of advanced ide;is, but without success, and now the leading Filipinos demand that severence and a return to State supervision. Much time and labor in historical research has been expended by Lieutenant Colonel Crowder of the law department in the investigation of these matters, and his able reports of past and present conditions and legal conclusions derived therefrom have so presented the subject that radical action can be taken in some instances and has been determined upon. The Archbishop of Manila, who, I am informed, is a member of the Dominican order, has served parole notice that he will strenuously oppose such action and has been invited to submit his protest at an early date. In our last allusion to the Sulu Archipelago it was stated that the occupation of Jolo by our troops on May 19th and the friendly relations established between them and the representative Moros placed aflfiairs there in a very satisfactory condition for future negotiations, which were conducted by Brigadier General Bates. The islands of the archipelago, that of Basilan, and those of Palawan and Balabac, were localities of con- cern. In Palawan, where Spain maintained a resident governor and to which she had transported some of her state criminals, the Tagalo had succeeded. The Spanish gov- ernor had been murdered and all prisoners released. At Balabac a very important lighthouse had been established, which was necessary to the safe navigation of those waters. At Basilan a naval station of some importance had been built up. Our Navy looked after all matters connected with the Palawan Islands in so far as keeping afl^airs there in check were concerned ; reestablished the light at Balabac, where it had dis- persed and driven off" with loss an attacking party of natives and where it keeps a small detachment of men, and has closely watched Basilan and the near city of Zam- boanga. Conditions may be inferred from instructions given on July 3d and 11th to General Bates, who was sent to the Sulu Archipelago to propose terms of agreement to the Moros, who had become very importunate to be informed of the meaning of our occupation of the islands, and to explain United States intentions. They are as follows: 522 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Office Military Governor in the Philippine Islands, Manila, P. /., July 3, 1899. Geu. J. C. Bates, U. S. V., Manila, P. I. General: In compliance with orders Itiisday issued directing yon to proceed to the Jolo Archipelago, there to execute speciflc instructions to be communicated by the department commander, you will proceed as soon as practicable to the United Slates military station of Jolo, on the island of that name, and there place yourself in com- munication with the Sultan of Jolo, who is believed to be at Siassi, where he was sojourning when the last information concerning him was received. You are hereby appointed and constituted an agent on the part of the United States military authorities in the Philippines, to discuss, enter into negotiations, and perfect, if possible, a written agreement of character and scope as hereinafter explained, with the Sultan, which upon approval at these headquarters and conflrmatiou by the supreme executive authority of the United States, will prescribe and control the future relations, social and political, between the United States Government and the inhali- itants of the archipelago. The Mritten memoranda herewith furnished you, which mention cursorily and very brieHy the past political status and recent history of those people in so far as their domestic and political relations with other nations are con- cerned ; which present suggestions and recommendations, contained in the remarlis and speculations of persons who have been personally acquainted Mith them, as to the proper policy of control or supervisi of con- tact and relationship witli tlicni ilius far developed on the part of the I'nitcd states through its military agenc>- estal)lished in the port of Jolo, will enable you to under- stand tlie character and difficulties of the labor with which you are charged. By reCerence to these memoranda you will perceive that in your discussions with the Sultan and his datos the question of sovereignty will be forced to the front, and they will undoubtedly request an expression of opinion thereon, as they seem to be impressed apparintly w iili the luli.-f that the recent Spanish authorities with whom they were in relatioiivhjii Iium tun inferred full sovereignty of the islands to them. The question is one which adnui> oi , asy solution, legally considered, since by the terms of treaties or protocols bLiwceii Spain and European powers (those referred to in the memoranda) Spanish sovereignty over the archipelago is conceded. Under the agreement between Spain and the Sul tan and datos of July, 1878, the latter acknowledged Spanish sovereignty in the entire archipelago of Jolo and agreed to become loyal Spanish subjects, receiving in consideration certain speciflc payments in monej-. The sovereigntyOf Spain, thus established and acknowledged by all parties in interest, was transferred to the T'nited States by the Paris treaty. The United States has succeeded to all the ri-lits which Spain lield in the archipelago, and its sovereignty over the same is an estaldished fact. But the inquiry arises as to the extent to which that sovereignty can be applied under the agreement of 1S78 with the Moros. Sovereignty, of course, implies lull power of political control, but is not incompatible with concessionary grants between sovereign and subject. The Moros acknowledged througli their accepted chiefs Spanish sovereignty and theii- sul)jeeiion tliereto, and that nation in turn conferred upon their chiefs certain poweis oi -^upi i\ i^ion over them and their atfairs. The kingly prerogatives of Spain, thus abiidued by xileinii concession, have descended to the United States, and condi- tions existing at tlie time of transfer should remain. The Moros are entitled to enjoy the identical piivileges which they possessed at the time of transfer, and to continue to enjoy them until abridged or modified by future mutual agreement between them and the United States, to which they owe loyalty, unless it becomes necessary to invoke the exercise of supreme ].o\vers of sovereignty to meet emergencies. You will therefore acquaint yoiirsilf thoroiii;lil,\ with the terms of the agreement of 1878, and take them as a basis for your directed nc uotiations. Possibly you will di-e.>\c f that the Sultan and datos are laboring under the mistaken impression that Spain, uiion \\ iihdrawing recently her military forces from the islands, reconveyed sovereimitx to ihcin. Thisi-hiim on their yiart is mentioned in the memo- randum citing the ac-tioii ot the Tniten States troops at .lolo, and may l)e seriously entertained by them, he caii^e of the reported Spanisli action in placing them in posses- sion of Siassi, accompanied by promises to likewise turn over Jolo. If they seriously entertain such an illusion, it will require tact and adroitness to dispel it, and a discus- sion of the United States' benevolent intentions, and its wish to establish friendly relations with them in order to carry out those intentions, should precede anj- decided attempt at correction. The territorial extent of the Jolo Archipelago, as authoritatively established, is set out in the accompanying memoranda in all essential particulars, except as to the island of Basilan, where Spain maintained an important iiaval station, which is still in existence, though not yet in United States actual i.ovses-ioii. You will make inquiry with regard to this island and ascertain if the Sultan claims any autliority over it, conceding noth- ing, however, on the point as to the right of ah-olute control "on the part of theUnited States. The naval station is closely connected with Zamboanga, over which and the adjacent country Spain exercised complete supervision. The Sultan and datos have exacted tribute from Cagayan-Jolo and Balabac, and, in fact, from scjutheni Palawan; also, when possible, from other islands which Spain owned absolutely for more than three hundred years. Hence, the fact of taking tribute is not prof)f of a legal right to do so. Palawan and Balaljac are not considered to be portions of the archipelago, though it may not be policy to attempt to determine with the Sultan, at present, any question of ownership which may arise in discussion. Spain maintained a governor in Palawan, and shore accessories, such as lighthouse, etc., with some form of supervisory government in Balabac. The United States demands with regard to these islands will be announced when the result of practical investigation now being pursued is ascertained. It may be well, therefore, to avoid presenting this matter to the Sultan or his representatives in nid (■ iuul a; iiicul- iiitc ■a Slat.( ■s and I ft he Suit; ni can 'nit (■(1 Stilt cs, the Ihc ol.liLiati uiis of i, ill! id ill pi ■o.,f of •r to 11, with tlicin, 1 which Q Ir VthcS, lanish OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISfl WAR. 523 these directed preliminjiry negotiations, and should he advance it, policy dictates that time should be requested to arrive at a knowledge of facts. It is eroaMy desired by the United States tor the sake of the individual improvement and social advancciucnt of the Moros, and for the developnienl of tlic t Moros, lliat mutual friendly and wcll'-dctincd relations be established. be made to give credit to and fully understand the intentions eaee ot the archiiielago, not to permit acts ot piracy h.\- their peo- ple on its waters, and to assist the United States (iovernment to suppress and abolish this crime by whomsoever attempts to commit it, whether American, inhabitant, or alien. They.s"hould agree to deliver to theUnited States authorities fortrial and punish- ment all persons, other than those of their own people, whom they arrest on the chaige of committing crimes or misdemeanors. Tliev should stipulate to prohibit the purchase by or the deliverv to their iieople of rifles or war materials, as the possession of them has a tendency to stir up strife amoiiK their separate communil ies a nd to destroy the peace of the islands, which, for the welfare of , all paiMies concerned, should he mainlained. Should the Sultan and hisdatos reipiest assistance by way of insti-uct ion, through competent American represeiitalives, to improve port regulations and conveniences in the interest of (•..mmen ■ to huihl up a-ricultmv and increase merchant.ahle i.ro.lncts in the islands, or to inslrn.-t thi' risin- generation of .Moros in industrial and mechanical pursuits throimh the meilium ol schools or practical apiiliances, the I'nile.l Slates will gladly respond. It will emleavor lo select the proix'r individuals to go among and associate with them to imiuirt i- po-:>iliility of the introduction of foreign commerce into the arcliiiHlairo and thence into other Philippine ports without paying the pre- scribed dutio. It i- only the products of the archipelago which can have the benefits ot interisland connntici . While the Sultan might be supported and may receive revenue from certain avenues, pearl fisheries, etc., which he is now enjoying, there should be some understanding as to future revenues to be derived from a newly-constructed and increasing trade in foreign products. Negotiations should look to the establishment of a financial and commercial system based upon modern methods, which, while not destructively antagonistic to present conditions, can be developed upon lines consistent with modern practices. Very respectfully, vour obedient servant. E. S. Otis, Major General, U. S. V., MiUtary Governor. General Bates had a difficult task to perform and executed it with tact and ability. While a number of the principal datos were favorably inclined, the Sultan, not respond- ing to invitations, kept aloof and was represented by his secretary, until finally, the general appearing at Maibung, the Moro capital, a personal interview was secured. He being also Sultan of North Borneo and receiving large annual payments from the North Borneo Trading Company, expected like returns from the United States, and seemed moi-e anxious to obtain personal revenue than benefits for his people. Securing the port of Siassi from the Spaniards, establishing there his guards and police, he had received customs revenues from the Sandaken trade which he was loath to surrender. Negotiations continued well into August, and finally, after long conferences, an agree- ment was reached by which the United States secured much more liberal terms than the Spaniards were ever able to obtain. Full reports of the conferences have been duly for- warded, together with the agreement proposed for authoritative action. It is believed that if peace can be maintained a trade can be built up which will prove highly benefi- cial to both the United States and the Moro people and will be the means of opening avenues through which a more advanced civilization can be developed in these islands. The population of the Sulu Archipelago is reckoned at one hundred and twenty thousand, mostly domiciled in the island of Jolo, and numbers twenty thousand fight- ing men. Hostilities would be unfortunate for all parties concerned, would be very expensive to the United States in men and money, and destructive of any advancement of the Moros for years to come. Spain's long struggle with these people and their dislike for the former dominant race in the Philippines, inherited, it would .seem, by each rising generation during three centuries, furnishes an instructive lesson. Under the pending agreement General Bates, assisted by the officers of the Navy, quietly placed OREGON VOLUNTEERS TN SPANISH WAR. 525 garrisons of one company each at Siassi and at Bongao, on the Tawi Tawi group of islands, where they were well received by the friendly natives. With the approval of the agreement, the only difficulty to a satisfactory settlement of the Sulu affairs will arise from discontent on the part of the Sultan personally because of a supposed decrease in anticipated revenues or the machinations of the insurgents of Mindanao, who are endeavoring to create a feeling t)f distrust and hostility among the natives against the United States troops. The Sultan's government is one of perfect despotism, in form at least, as all political power is supposed to center in his person ; but this does not prevent frequent outbreaks on the part of the datos, who frequently revolt, and are now in two or three instances, in declared enmity. All Moros, however, profess the Mohammedan religion, introduced in the fourteenth century, and the sacredness of the person of the Sultan is therefore a tenet of faith. This fact would prevent any marked success by a dato in attempting to secure supreme power. Spain endeavored to supplant the Sultan with one of his most enterprising chiefs and signally failed. Peonage or a species of serfdom enters largely into the social and domestic arrangements, and a dato's following or clan submits itself without protest to his arbitrary will. The Moro political fabric bears resemblance to the state of feudal times — the Sultan exercising supreme power by divine right, and his datos, like the feudal lords, supporting or opposing him at will, and by force of arms occasionally, but not to the extent of dethronement, as that would be too great a sacrl' lege for a Mohammedan people to seek to consummate. The United States must accept these people as they are, and endeavor to ameliorate their condition by degrees, and the best means to insure success appears to be through the cultivation of friendly .sentiments and the introduction of trade and commerce upon approved business methods. To undertake forcible radical action for the amelioration of conditions or to so interfere with their domestic relations as to arouse their suspicions and distrust would be attended with unfortunate consequences. The experience of the past year has conclusively demonstrated that the labors demanded to organize, supply, command, and exchange an army actively engaged in hostilities are small in comparison to those which are required to supervise the business, social and political interests, and the individual rights of several millions of people without established government or any existing rules of action excepting such as may be imposed by military control. In the Philippines chaos, in so far as a civil adminis- tration of public affairs is concerned, followed the overthrow of the despotism of Spain and was succeeded throughout the islands by the rule of the sword, which has recently been directed by a few unprincipled Tagalos, who have retained power thus far, although it is gradually passing from Ihcir grasp, by deceiving the ignorant masses with the assertion that the United States intended to enslave and destroy them, and with the cry for independence and republican government. The experience of the people has taught them that the rule of Spain was mild in comparison with this substituted governing power, and the great majority of them— at least of those who are able to reflect or who have property at stake — desire its destruction. Many are held in subjec- tion by the armed bodies in their midst, and their lives and property would pay the penalty of resistance should they attempt it eithei> by word or act. During this political transition business interests and individual property rights have been in jeopardy. Incorpo.-atcd companies holding valuable concessions granted by Spain, business houses which have made large money investments for the purpose of conducting trade and commerce in these islands, vested property interests, recently acquired estates by testament and descent, and those encumbered by mortgage or embargo, are fruitful sources of continually recurring questions which require able civil administration and the as.sistance of courts of justice with their auxiliary appliances to properly adjust, but which have been thrust upon the military authorities for determination, together with all matters of a criminal nature involving alleged fraudulent transactions which demand speedy remedial action, as well as offenses of a more serious character. Fortu- nately the large property interests held by corporations and business houses belong for the most part to Europeans, and are to a certain extent respected by the insurgent 526 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. government through fear of incurring universal civilized condemnation should it destroy or openly appropriate them. So, also, the foreign element of the population engaged in conducting trade are very largely citizens of strong European governments, whose persons are comparatively secure wherever in the islands they may wish to journey. Hence, it has been possible to carry on trade whenever the interests of the United States or the necessities of the large Philippine population dwelling within the country of our occupation has demanded it. Unfortunately, too, it might be said, this comparative security of pereon and properly incites the commercial classes to business activity and a desire for insurgent trade incom- patible with war conditions, even though contraband does not materially enter; has occa- sioned voluminous correspondence and incessant applications for trade permits, necessi- tated constant watchfulness on the part of the army, and especially of the navy, and has required at times needed unpleasant consequent action. The volume of trade, however, for the year ending August 31st, has been quite large, and merchants have suffered much less than is generally supposed. Of the three staple articles of the island, hemp, tobaccf), and sugar, only the latter shows a very marked depreciation in amounts secured and exported. About the same quantity of henip has been taken from the shipping ports during the past as in the preceding year, and large exportations of tobacco have been made. There still remain in the islands considerable quantities of both hemp and tobacco, but Aguinaldo a short time since issued what was called a decree, most injurious to his interests, forbidding his Tagalo guards to permit, at the ports where they were stationed, the entrance of any merchant vessel Hying the American flag, and as all inter- island commerce is carried on under that flag, his decree virtually terminated at all points where his troops are maintained, with the result that the inhabitants are deprived of rice and other necessary articles of food. The decree has caused discontent and suffer- ing and has taken from the insurgents much of their revenue, while it has not affected United States interests nor the inhabitants within our lines, as they are now well sup- plied and will soon reap an abundant harvest from their crops, which they have planted since United States protection has been given them. So unpopular is this decree that the outside inhabitants declare that they will resist its execution should American vessels appear in their harbors, but our experience thus far is that a tjattalion of Tagalo guards can hold down many large communities of unarmed natives. Merchants, if permitted, would take all the risks of inter-island trade notwithstanding this restrictive decree and solemnly contract to suffer all losses attend- ant upon their venture, which would sooner or later doubtless appear as claiins from marine insurance companies; but a wise policy dictates that trade facilitates should remain for the present in the condition which Aguinaldo by his decree intended to place them. He has acted under it in one instance only, and then in the case of a vessel anchored in a port of western Luzon and which had sailed before it was known that the decree had been issued. His troops seized the crew and cargo and when the navy went to its relief burned the vessel and flred upon the rescuing party. The return flre of the navy upon the entrenched insurgent troops has been publicly proclaimed from insur- gent headquarters as an act of barbarous warfare which should be condemned by all civilized nations. The customs receipts (a fair index of the volume of trade) for the year ending August 31st were 57,783,000, currency of the country— a larger amount than ever before received in an equal portion of time, and this while we held the port of Iloilo for only six and that of Cebu for but Ave months of the period. In the matter of the public revenue, the United States has collected less than one hall of the greatest total amount which Spain has drawn from the islands in a correspond- ing length of time, for the reason that the extent of our occupation of territory has been very limited and because some of its former most prolific sources of taxation have been ignored. The largest yearly amount which Spain ever received was a little less than SI7,500,000, of which a little more than one third was derived from customs, one quarter from the sale of "cedulas personates," or certificates of personal identity, which every inhabitant was obliged to purchase, and about §1,200,000 from lotteries and gambling OREGON V0LUNTEP:RS in SPANISH WAR. 527 and the opium and cock-fighting contractors. The 15,500,000 wliich Spain received from cedillas, licensed gambling, and contracts which the United States courts would hold void on grounds of public policy, would in any event, even if all the islands had been pacified and occupied, havt^ been lost to us, as no attempts at collection would have been nuide. However, the cedula tax might have yielded something, for although this is the most hated by the natives of all taxes formerly imposed upon them, they desire the cedula, as this simple means of identity is valuable to them in conducting business and when journeying through the islands. In response t'o the expressed desire of the inhabitants of Manila for this ticket, it was given on personal application at a nominal sum sufll- cient to defray the cost of issuance, and over sixty thousand of them were distributed in a short space of time from the Manila office of internal revenue. The annual rev- enue of nearly a million of dollars received by Spain for convict labor, exclusive taxes on Chinese residents, sales of public lands, profits of the mint, and local consumption tobacco taxes could not be collected by the United States. So, also, the internal-revenue collections on real estate, industries, and stamped paper have been confined to Manila and Iloilo, and the yield therefrom has been but a fraction of the receipts which our control of all the islands would have insured. The internal-revenue receipts during a year of occupation of Manila, or from August 18, 1898, were 1577,748. The grand total of all piiblic money receipts from every source for the year ending August 19, 1899, one year from the date the United States took possession of the public offices in Manila (August, 1898, yielding very small returns), amounted to |8,239,t35, of which 87,790,692 were from customs alone. Larger returns from legitimate sources might have been obtained, but it took time to adjust the machinery for collection, and long-existing fraudulent practices have been indulged in. Heavy punishments have been meted out when offenses have been detected, and the labor to improve the civil service is still being diligently prosecuted. Spain's system of taxation was very ingeniously devised in order to obtain all reve- nue possible to cover the expenditures of administering the islands, but I believe that every annual budget showed a deficit. With the restoration of peace and active busi- ness conditions, the development of natural resources, the introduction of machinery and practical business enterprises, the construction of railroads and highways, and the encouragement of the people in profitable labor,^I am convinced that trade and commerce would be greatly increased and the amount of revenue doubled in a short period of time, without imposing the burdens which were complained of during Span- ish supremacy. Even in this season of war commerce has increased. For the five and one half months ending with December last, seventy-seven foreign and two hundred and sixty coast vessels entered and eighty foreign and two hundred and fifty-one coast ves- sels cleared from our ports, making a total of six hundred and sixty-eight vessels, with a total tonnage of six hundred and fifty-seven thousand seven hundred and forty tons; while for the six months ending with June last, one hundred and fifty-five foreign and three hundred and sixty-seven coast vessels entered and one hundred and sixty-three foreign and four hundred and nine coast vessels cleared, making a total of one thou- sand and forty-nine and having a tonnage of one hundred and thirty-three thousand nine hundred and thirty-five tons. The most of the revenue received has been expended, both for war and civil purposes, by a few selected disbursing officers, and every dollar has been accounted for. There remained on August :Jlst, 3^1,361,085.39, nearly one half of which stood pledged to pay for temporary barracks and hospitals for troops and for a large refrigerating plant to be erected in Manila. All results of action taken In connection with the collection and expenditure of the public revenue from the date of the capitulation of this city to June 30th last, the end of the fiscal year, are shown in the accompanying reports of the col- lecting and disbursing officers, to which attention is invited. The present current money of the islands consists of the Filipino dollar, of which 0,000,000 were sent from Spain in 1897, about $10,000,000 in subsidiary coins, eight or ten millions of Mexican dollars, and 11,500,000 in bank notes of the Banco Espanol-Filipino. 528 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The former standard money was gold, consisting of Spanish "onzas" and the 81, $2, and $i gold pieces minted in Manila. All of these have been driven out of circulation by the cheaper silver currency. The Banco Espauol-Filipino is the only bank which has the power to make paper issue. Under Spanish concession and in return for loans made to that Government, it was granted the privilege of issuing its notes amounting to three times its capital stock of 81,500,000, and its paper dollar is considered the equivalent of the Mexican silver dollar. The Spanish Government had representation in the manage- ment of this bank, and recently the bank invited the United States authorities here to avail itself of this privilege by the appointment of an accredited agent, which invitation has been declined, as such action might be construed to be an acknowledgment on the part of the United States of its obligation to recognize under treaty promises the validity of the Spanish concession. The War Department has paid out in Manila United States gold currency in considerable quantities, and it is believed that about 83,000,000 from these disbursements have been hoarded by the inhabitants. The money in circulation, therefore, in the Philippines is less than 830,000,000 of silver, or the equivalent — a very small sum to transact the volume of business; but then a large share of this trade depends upon credit and the exchange of the country's products that comparatively little money is required to conduct it. However, during the yearly periods of greatest exportation money to move the crops becomes very scarce and rates of exchange high. Exchange fluctuations were greater in Spanish times than at present, for in 1878 Spain prohibited by decree the importation of Mexican dollars of a mintage later than the date of the decree except under high duty payments and gave no substitute. This induced smuggling from the foreign Asiatic ports, and the smuggler was paid a hand- some profit for the hazard he encountered. The enterprise was brisk until money became plentiful and exchange had again returned to a nominal figure. When money was in great demand the price of the Mexican dollar was considerably above its Hongkong value in gold and sold in Manila for from ten to fifteen per cent more than its actual value. The currency of the country still fluctuates daily according to the price of silver in the great money markets of the world and has no stable value. This, however, appears to aflfect very little ordinary business unless purchases of mer- chandise and services must be paid for in gold, when these fluctuations enter largely into the calculations of profit and loss. The merchant who buys gold in Manila must pay not only the rate of exchange, but the estimated cost of transporting the metal, and if he wishes to convert gold into silver he must pay high exchange rates and the cost of shipment of the Mexican dollar. The public revenue is paid in the currency of the country, as is most expedient, else daily silver fluctuations would necessitate daily dlfllcult calculations uixin the gold value of the money oflered at the various public offices; but as it is for the most part expended here for services and on local contract purchases the difficulties attending rates of exchange are not serious. The officers and enlisted men of the Army who are paid in gold have been the principal suflferers, as they are obliged to exchange their gold for silver to meet their local payments. The two established banks of the islands other than the Banco Espanol-Filipino, above men- tioned, are branches of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China. These have been made depositories of the public civil funds and generally make the money exchanges for the Army. For a long time they allowed but two dollars silver for one in gold, but recently have arranged for receiving gold deposits from disbursing officers on account and to make payments thereon in gold. This entire question of the currency requires the mature deliberation of our most eminent monetary authorities. Of the islands of the Philippines which contain large populations and which furnish valuable products for shipment to foreign marts, which engage largely in trade and in which business interests of importance have been established, the United States have not as yet taken possession of Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao, and none of Panay with the exception of its chief city and surroundings. The southern and northern coasts of Luzon, where hemp and tobacco are produced in large quantities, still remain subject to insurgent dictation. When United States occupation of these islands and provinces OREGON V0LUNTEF:RS in SPANISH WAR. 529 will be effected depends upon the arrival of troops in suffieient numl)ers to Justify the eslablishnient of permanent garrisons. Little difficulty attends the act of taking possession of and temporarily liolding any section of the country. A column of three thousand men could march through and successfully contend with any force which the insurgents could place in its route, l)ut they would close in behind it and again prey upon the inhabitants, persecuting without mercy those who had manifested any friendly feeling toward the American troops. The policy of the insurgent authorities has been to arm the bandits of the mountain sections and the natives who have formerly lived on the proceeds of crime. Many of these men have deserted the ranks, and now armed, plunder their countrymen who have property or money without discrimination. If cominunities could be protected against this source of danger and be assured of protection from the outrages which have been com- mitted by the organized insurgent force, formidable opposition to American supremacy would cease. The inhabitants have confidence in the American troops. Even the insur- gent leaders take advantage of the humane and charitable policy which the United States authorities have thus far pursued. They seek to place their families and property in Manila, where a number of the families of the most noted of their chiefs are now living in comfort and luxury, believing, notwithstanding their conduct and offenses, which, under approved rules of war, would subject their families to removal and all their property to confiscation, and which rules it may yet be to our interests to apply, that they can pursuerebellionaslongas they desire and in theend escape all punishment. So confident are they of the nature and scope of American charity that their ill-gotten gains — acquired through robbery, in fact, but under the guise of a pretended govern- ment contending, they say, for liberty against oppression — are deposited in our banks or are invested in our trade. And still, while they manifest this absolute confidence by their individual acts, they publicly circulate the most malicious statements their active imaginations can invent regarding United States intention and the horrors of war which our troops indulge in. An active society in Hongkong, composed of their people and certain Europeans retained under high pay, and in which American membership is believed to exist, which feeds and fattens upon the corruption it is able to produce, fills the islands and the world with its invented published statements of abuse. While they fill the newspaper press with their false statements of atrocities committed by our troops, their chief, Aguinaldo, writes: We will never accept a treaty of peace dishonorable to the Filipino arms, and conse- quently disastrous to the future of the country, which is what our enemies desire. For this reason I advise all those who feel that they have notstrensth to nmlvo this sairifice, and whose services are not indispensable to our govern incnt, to irtniii to tin' capital or to the towns occupied by the enemy, reserving thenisrlvcs in order to si iiiil;i Inn tlie organization of the government when independence is s^iined. Thc.N'caii thin laKi- the places of those who need rest after the lalittues of the struggle. I am not (lis])l■ can hitter appreciate the true American character. I am still more glad because of the fact that ourenemies having had recourse to Kilii)i- nos for the discharge of the duties of high offices in the public administration, will dem- onstrate that they acknowledge the capacity of the people to govern themselves. While the Tagalo newspapers publish to the portion of their people still dominated by the insurgents stories of insurgent prowess, and sum up Amei-ican losses in battle to date at an even twenty-six thousand, Aguinaldo publishes his proclamations, exhorting the people to hold out until December, when the American Congress will surely grant them independence under his leadership, against which all good Filipinos, I am certain would most assuredly protest. On this line one of the principal members of the Hong- kong junta writes : Do you think that the country slu)uld deliver itself comiiletely to the promises inade by those who call tlienisel\-es ri'iirisenlali\-es of That -reat Keimhli when we well know hy t he ( 'oMsi i t ui ion oi I he connti'.N that the;, i because they are not a'uthori/.ed t'oi- that |uir|iose and can nol he exci of Congress? If this be so, is it not true that it is better to \v;,it f< determine the governmental re>;iini' to be established in our belovei other hand, it is ceitain that if that struggle is not kept up the |iarti« shall hereafter be treated as the nejrrops are. * * * And why i friend, suppoi-t that other party, in order that we gain re<-ognitioi'i ol 34 >1~' •eat l.eople lie li'iisted III Igl' ess first to fl'X •? On the 111 lite and we leil 1, my dear igl. its, with all 530 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. the necessary guaranties ? Otis aud company offer but little security that the autonomy or any other system of government which they establish there will be respected. I am informed that there is not a countryman of ours who does not want peace, but they want it on a basis of guaranties in favor of the people. Even more; so just is our cause that, gaining sympathy, several European powers have made official offers to provide us with everything we require; but as we consider the war which is being sustained is not against America, because we know that eighty per cent of that great people, which on one occasion struggled for the independence which it now enjoys, is in favor of us, but only against McKinley and his party. Other offers made have not been accepted because we have complete assurance that very soon the imperialist party will come to reason and will concede us the guaranties, etc. So deep an impression have statements of this character made upon able Filipinos who favor United States control and are conscientiously laboring for its complete estab- lishment that I am importuned by them for Information as to the trend of United States ixjlitical affairs and to state if, in my opinion, they are finally to be surrendered to the mercies of their insurgent countrymen. The islands are flooded with the abusive literature which has birth in Asiatic ports and is published in Spanish and native languages. What was ostensibly a private letter prepared by a European who has never visited these islands, and which was written in Hongkong, is circulated publicly by the Hongkong junta. Extracts therefrom read as follows : You and the Filipinos who aspire to peace in the form of autonomy believe the hol- low words of the Yankees. You write me : " We have no people to govern ourselves. That is the truth. We shall have them after ten years of American sovereignty." I reply: We shall not have tlieni in ten, twenty, or a hundred years, because the Yankees will never acknowirds;! tlic aptitude of an inferior race to govern the country, and, as you know, under tin- licudini; of inferior races they class the Spaniards them- selves. "Do not dream tliat wlien American sovereignty is implanted in the country the American officeholder will give up. Never! This is what will liapjien : During the first few years they will admit a few Filipinos, either because it is difficult for the Yankees to learii at once'the administration of the country, so different from America, or in order to disarm for the moment the suspicion of the Americanist Filipinos. After those five or ten years of apprenticeship they will tear off the mask with which they now dis- semble their true object of governing the country exclusively by Anglo-Saxons, as they have done with all countries which belonged, prior to Yankee domination, to the Span- ish Empire. With that proud scorn which characterizes the Yankee in his political and social contact with colored people, they will close their ears to the complaints and aspirations of the sons of the country, and will laugh at those who helped to bring the country under the American yoke. Yes, my friend, the Americans have no intention of leaving the Philippines, and once that sovereignty is recognized and the brave Filipino army disbanded they will send to the Philippines swarms of genuine officeholders, who will treat the noble sons of the country as they do the "colored gentlemen" in the United States. To the Yankees you are only a "nigger," who in the present circumstances, full of difficulties for the Yankees, is the obje<;t of a more or less perfectly simulated respect. But alas for you when the dav arrives when the Yankees will no longer need your help and cooperation ! Do not look for the Americans to do anything to assist the national progress of the country. In America the Government takes no part in the education of the nation. All education is the work of private individuals or associations. The Yankees have absolutelv no interest whatever in raising to a higher educational level the native masses, both because the Government will not interest itself in such an enterprise, and because such a policy would be contrary to the object of the American imperialist, which is to convert the archipelago into a field for exploitation by trusts and office- holders. If the Filipinos accept American sovereignty with a halt and Miml autonomy, if they permit the riiited States to seize the otrices of the country and nmk.' tli. >r sacrifices in the lie ipc- that when they have fit men to govern the country tin' A ii:.ii,ans will turn the government over to the native element, reducing the Amiiican pcisonnel to the governor general, then the Filipinos are going to sacrifice their liberty, their honor, their race, and, in short, everything which is included within the meaning of nation- ality, upon the alter of illusions. For if the Americans are the sovereigns, it depends upon them to say whether the Filipinos have sufficient men for the government of the country. They never will sav it, because interests of the purse, of race, and, in short, all the vital Interests of Anglo-Saxonism will prevent it— American interests which prevent a real and sincere autonomy, which are the same which caused the Spanish friars to oppose the assimilation of the country and the secularization of the curacies. The disaffected element of the population, or the emissaries of Aguinaldo's govern- ment, contend that the United States has given nothing substantial as yet in response to its administrative promises. The archbishop, they declare, still holds political sway, the friars have not been driven out nor killed, the Spaniards have been continued in office, the chief representative of United States authority here (who has never witnessed Roman Catholic ceremonies a dozen times in his life) is an ardent Romanist and draws inspirations from the droppings of the Roman Catholic sanctuary as set up in the Phil- 0RP:G0N VOLUNTEKR8 IN SPANISH WAR. 531 ippines. Remove these abominations, they say, and we will willingly accept United States protection and supremacy. Secretly these same critics and complainants assert that these friars and Spaniards render valuable aid to the insurgent cause in many ways, and the number of Spaniards now offering their troops is strong proof that their assertions are correct. The insurgent armed forces are not to be feared except as they oppress their own peo- ple and delay returns to conditions of peace. The length of time they have been in the field and their conduct has given the practical lesson to the inhabitants that they can not expect security under Tagalo rule. The lesson is deeply impressed and required time to produce conviction. Had the rebellion been crushed immediately upon its open defiant demonstrations of last Februarj' it would soon have appeared in new form, for the mass of the people were intoxicated witli the cry for independence and self-govern- ment which the reflecting classes now realize is impossible until true political education is more generally diffused. The political conditions which will follow armed resistance demand the most serious attention of our eminent statesmen, and Congressional action can not be too much accelerated. Now all executive functions of a civil character in these islands centers in a military command which is called upon to administer the law governing the various departmental otflces of the executive branch of the United States Government and to set aside Spanish decrees when such are in conflict therewith. The multitude of obtrusive and perplexing questions which arise for determination can only be appreciated by those who have confronted such a situation. I have been assisted in all duties of administration by a conscientious, hard-working, and able staff, who, with the officers ably exercising the command of troops, have given me their loyal support. I herewith transmit their several annual reports, which furnish valu- able details on particular subjects which are only alluded to in a very general manner in the foregoing pages. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. OTIS, Maior General, U. 8. V., Commanding Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, and Military/ Governor in the Philippines. REPORT BRIG. GEN. IRVING HALE, U. S. V., Commanding Hecond Brigade, Second Division, Eighth Army Corps. OF OPERATIONS OF HIS BRIGADE NEAR WATERWORKS, FEBRUARY (i TO 9, 1899. Headquarters Second Brigade, Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I., February 10, 1S99. Adjutant General, Second Division, Eighth Army Corps. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of operations of this brigade on FebruaiT 6th to 9th, inclusive. 1899 : Operations of Sunday, February 5th, as given in separate report, resulted in capture of insurgent positions and establishment of our line through Blockhouses 4, 5, 6, 7, San Juan Bridge, Pulverin, Deposito, San Juan Del Monte Church, San Felipe Convent, and Mandalayau, to the Pasig opposite Santa Ana. Monday, February 6th.— On Monday forenoon, February 6th, one battalion Twenty- third U. S. Infantry and one battalion (three companies) Oregon Volunteer Infantry were ordered to Deposito to cooperate with the Nebraska regiment, two attached com- panies of Colorado, and Utah guns, under Colonel Stotsenburg, in the capture of the waterworks on Mariquina River, three and one half miles east of Deposito. The Tennessee battalion was ordered back to provost guard in city, but when the messenger reached Deposito they were already in the field and the message did not find them. When they reached the waterworks I notified them of the order and they returned to the city. "W'hen I arrived at Deposito, just after the Twenty-third and Oregon battalions, Colonel Stotsenburg had started for the waterworks with the following troops: Two companies Colorado, as advance guard, in extended order; battalion Tennessee on extreme right, in extended order; battalion Nebraska on extreme left, in extended order ; battalion Nebraska as reserve on road ; four Utah guns following advance guard and used to clear road and woods to right and left. Instructions were sent back for the Oregon Battalion to remain as guard at Deposito and along road toward waterworks, and for the Twenty-third Battalion to proceed along road from Deposito to Mariquina, about a mile north of waterworks, to cover the movement on latter against attack from north. Captain Brooks, adjutant general of the brigade, accompanied the Twenty-third Battalion. I followed the main body toward waterworks, catching it about half way, where it was engaged in a lively skirmish, especially on the left, where considerable resistance was met, a number of Insurgents killed and two taken prisoners. Nebraska had one killed and three wounded in this movement. OREGON VOLUNTKEltS IN SPANISH WAR. Ooo A short distance back tlie body of Assistsint Surgeon Young, of the Utah Battery, had been found, with a powder-stained bullet hole in his head, indicating that he had been captured by the Insurgents and killed after capture. He had intended to meet Major Young at Deposito, but apparently missed his way and went beyond. The bluff overlooking the waterworks was found unoccupied and the advance guard proceeded down the hill in extended order, wheeling to left to meet insurgent Are from the hills and brush to north. After silencing this they advanced to the works, finding them unoccupied and uninjured except removal of cylinder heads and valves, which could be replaced in a week or two. The insides of cylinders were carefully greased to prevent rust. These missing parts were found next day buried in the ground of the coal- room under a pile of coal. The discovery was made by Artificer Hays, Company I, First Coloi-ado, whose suspicions were aroused by noticing a little dirt mixed with the coal at edge of pile. It is surmised that the engineer may have done this, telling the insurgents that they had crippled the pumps and thus preventing more extended damage. The Tennessee Battalion, on its an-ival, was returned to city in accordance with orders, as explained above. Two Oregon companies were distributed along the road to patrol it. The Nebraska Battalions were disposed along top of bluff commanding the water- works and surrounding country. The Utah guns were placed at stone blockhouse on same bluff. As a number of insur- gents were seen in vicinity of Mariquina, across and up the river, and the location of their headquarters was known, a few shots were fli-ed in that direction to impress on them the fact they were covered by artillery and deter them from attacking the Twenty- third Battalion, moving toward Mariquina. It was learned next morning that this was very fortunate, as it had the effect of stopping the lively fire by which the battalion was met as it approached the bluff overhanging the river opposite Mariquina. The Twenty-third Battalion, under Major Goodale, proceeded as directed from Depos- ito along Mariquina road, but its progress was slow on account of difficulty of skirmish line, encumbered with blanket rolls, getting through the cane fields and bamboo brush and fences. Just before reaching the high ground this side of the river, the advance guard was met by a hot fire from insurgents two hundred or three hundred yards in front, which was returned, resulting in a lively skirmish for a few minutes, which stopped with the artillery fire from the waterworks mentioned above. Our troops then took up an excellent position in a ready-made trench along a ridge, and as it was dark and the position and force of the enemy were not known, it was decided to wait there until morning. . Lieut. A. B. Hayne, California Heavy Artillery, who had voluntarily accompanied Major Goodale as aid, expressing a desire to return to the city, was allowed to do so, and on his arrival went to the department commander with a grossly exaggerated report of the situation, on the strenth of which the department commander directed the with- drawal of the battalion. Captain Krayenbuhl and Lieutenant Perry of the brigade staff, with a platoon of Oregon as escort and carrying two canteens of water per man, with a larger supply on a cart, were therefore dispatched to the relief of the Twenty- third Battalion. An orderly was sent to the waterworks to notify Colonel Stotsenburg of the withdrawal of this covering force on his left, so that he could take other means for protection. It was found that the report was practically groundless; that the posi- tion was a strong one; that there was no firing and no apparent danger, and that Major Goodale was reluctant to withdraw, especially at night. They therefore left the platoon there and returned. Lieutenant Perry reporting the facts to the department commander, who authorized me to leave the battalion where it was and proceed according to my best judgment in the morning. This was about 3.30 a. m., February 7. Tuesday, February ~.— At 6 a. M. I sent word to the remaining platoon of the Oregon company to join the Twenty-third Battalion, with another supply of water, and to Colonel Stotsenburg to send two companies across country as additional reenforce- ments, with a view of surrounding the insurgent force, if still in their fr-ont, and driv- ing it back on the river, destroying or capturing it. I accompanied the Oregon platoon. 534 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. and soon after our arrival Colonel Stotsenburg reported with two companies, which he left and returned to waterworks. Two companies of the Twenty-third were sent in extended order to circle around to north, cut off retreat of insurgents in that direction, and take them in flank, forcing them south in front of our other troops or back into the river. When they had swung around on the north the entire line, in extended order, moved forward, closing in toward Mariqiiina and sweeping the country. No resistance was encountered, and on crossing the river into Mariciuina it was found deserted, with white flags on all the houses. While we were there the natives began to flock in from the hills with white flags. On being informed that their houses and property had not been molested, and that we were friendly to them as long as they remained friendly to us and kept the insurrectos out, but would destroy the town if it was again occupied by the insurrectos they shouted, " Viva Americanos," and assured us that they wanted to be good American citizens. An inspection of the insurgents' headquarters disclosed nothing of special import- ance or value excepting some surveying instruments, which were taken, as they would doubtless be looted if left. They are at these headquarters, subject to orders. We then marched down the east side of the river to Santolan and forded the stream to the waterworks. Wednesday, February «.— Wednesday afternoon, February 8, the battalion of the Twenty-third was relieved and returned to the city and the Wj^oming Battalion was sent out in its place. It was quartered for the night in the Pulverin, beyond San Juan Bridge, but on the following morning was located in San Juan del Monte Church and San Felipe Convent to guard line from Deposito south Mandalayan, on the Pasig. The Oregon Battalion was stationed at Deposito, forks of Mariiiuina and waterworks roads, and Pulverin, with a detachment at Blockhouse 7. Thursday, February .9.— The line of South Dakota and Colorado regiments from Blockhouses 3 to 6 was readjusted along high ground beyond blockhouses and in- trenched. Two Utah guns were placed behind earthworks in commanding positions on the ridge northeast of Blockhouse 5. The brigade now covers the following lines : MUes. Front of Blockhouses 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, to San Juan Bridge 2)^ San Juan Bridge to Deposito 1 Deposito south to Mandalayan, on Pasig River 2 Deposito east to waterworks, on Mariquina River 'S% Total 8% Very respectfully, IRVING HALE, Brigadier General, Commanding. Report of CoL John M. Stotsenburg, First Nebraska U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Operations Near Pumping Station, Dated February 25, 1899. FiKST Nebraska U. S. Voi.unteer Infantry, Office of the Commanding Officer, Pumping Station, February i>5, 1899. Adjutant General, Second Brigade, Second Division, Eighth Army Corps. Sir: I have the honor to state that yesterday morning about 4 a. m. a company of sharpshooters in the fields west of Mariquina and others in the rocks about eight hun- dred yards north of the Mariquina road began firing into our camp. This had stopped the night before about 11. Several of their shots came into our tents. The insurgents are occupying a position about four hundred yards from our outposts on the Mariquina road. After daylight we drove them out of the fields near Mariquina with the artillery. OREGON VOLUNTIOKKS IN SPANISH WAR. Oo^ and they got Into the rocks north and northwest of the Mariquina road and made it very unpleasant for us. About 12.30 p. m. I came to the Deposito, intending to get per- mission to dislodge them from there. When I arrived Mtyor Eastwick, Second Oregon, asked for permission to send about twenty men out the Mariquina road to make a reconnoissance and dislodge some insurgents who seemed to be northeast of the Deposito. I told him that, with the approval of General Hale, he could do it. I waited until nearly 2 o'clock, and as the firing of the sharpshooters seemed to increase, the move- ment to begin, which I had suggested in my telegram to General Hale, having been approved, was ordered. The detachment of twenty-five selected men of Major Eastwick's battalion started out, and after marching in line of skirmishers about a mile and a half on the Mariquina road, and this continued until they nearly reached the Nebraska out^ post, the Hotchkiss gun became disabled, and besides the moral effect was of little use to us. This was no fault of the gunners, as they did hard work. One of the Utah Bat- tery guns came over and drove the insurgents out toward Mariquina. They remained away until this morning, when they returned again in small bodies, but up to the pres- ent have done no firing. Last night was the quietest one we have had on our outpost. The entire Second Oregon detachment under Captain Barber did good work, and as we did not get in until late, remained all night. The only casualty was Corp. William Ponath, Company G, Second Oregon, slightly wounded in the chest and muscle of the arm. I inclose a copy of Captain Barber's report. Four insurgents are known to have been killed. A Spaniard who was with us informed me that three battalions of insurgents were at San Mateo and that this was their advance guard. Very respectfully, ^ ,^ ^ John M. Stotsenburr, Colonel First Nebraska U. S. Volunteer Infantry. Report of Capt. R. H. Barber, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Reconnoissance Along Mariquina Road, Dated February 25, 1899. In the Field, Powdek Magazine, February 2'), 1S99. Adjutant, Tliird Battalion, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. Sir : 1 have the honor to report that I received orders at 1 p. m., February 24th, to prepare to advance with twenty-five picked men from Companies C, K, and G, Second Oregon Infantry, along Mariquina road. Left Pulverin with detachment from Company G to cross-roads, where I received written orders from Major Eastwick, commanding Third Battalion, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, to proceed along Mariquina road in company with a detachment with Hotchkiss gun under command of Lieutenant Murphy, Company K, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. Threw out line of skirmishers north of road. Marched along Mariquina road, and reaching stone barricade the detach- ment was thrown out as skirmishers along north side of road, keeping touch with Hotchkiss gun, which joined our right flank. No obstruction was met with until after passing native village and reaching row of huts some three hundred yards from village, when we were fired upon by sharpshooters stationed in native huts and trees. They seemed strong in number, and our fire failing to dislodge them, and there being a favor- able position, fire from the Hotchkiss was opened on the village; but the shells failed to explode on striking the grass huts. We advanced and the enemy retreated toward our left fiank, where a heavy fire was encountered from a strong body of the enemy, who were posted in that vicinity. Changed direction to the left and look up position behind hedge, which afforded fair cover, and endeavored to locate the enemy, who were now firing upon us with volleys. We replied briskly, and the enemy retreated to probably one thousand yards, leaving behind them sharpshooters, who annoyed us until they were disposed of. 536 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The enemy divided into two large bands, one going to tlie right and the other to the left, in an apparent endeavor to flank us. The gun was brought up and put into a favor- able position, and shelling began iu the places where the enemy were hidden, especially in a house where flfty or sixty were seen to congregate, at range of one thousand four hundred yards. The shells burst close to the house and the enemy evacuated it. A rapid fire of shells seemed to work damage, the shells falling among them and explod- ing. The enemy continued a heavy flre from the right, which was situated on a hill screened by brush. A few shells were thrown there and the gun jaznmed. A company of First Nebraska Infantry came up and formed on our left, supplying us with ammu- nition, which was needed, and fired volleys at various ranges. The enemy retreated beyond range and we changed direction to the right. Leaving the Nebraska company to cover our right, we took gun to the road and advanced slowly while repairs were made to gun. Having advanced one fourth or one half mile, we were fired on by a num- ber of the enemj', who were concealed in the cane flelds and trees and on the surrounding heights. The flre was chiefly volleys, and well directed, sweeping all the open ground, and came from the left front and left entirely. We could locate but few of the enemy, owing to the fact that they used smokeless powder, while we were at a disadvantage, having the black-powder shells. As we were exposed, we advanced the right and swung back the left, so as to avoid the flanking flre anc^ alTord better protection. The men sheltered themselves and we endeavored to drive the enemy back, but they gave way very little and did not relax their flre. The gun being repaired, now came up, and we opened on the position of the enemy, but after a few rounds the Hotehkiss gun again jammed, owing to the breaking (rottenness) of the shells. The gun being useless, and the enemy having our range, we communicated with the Nebraska company at the out- post and endeavored to withdraw to the road, which aflTorded a certain amount of pro- tection. Here Corporal Ponath, Company G, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, was wounded in the chest. He was carried to a disused sugar-cane mill, which attbuded some protection. I went to him and ordered his removal to the road, having in the mean time sent for a litter. This was done under a heavy flre. The enemy having accurately located the mill, I received order from the outpost to withdraw to the road and come to outpost. The useless gun having gone ahead, we withdrew as quickly as possible to the road, and advancing under cover of the bushes, and reached outpost. I would venture to suggest that black powder is dangerous as betraying our position, while the enemy, using only smokeless, can only be located by the noise or a quick eye, and that is uncertain, while each time we flred black powder they immediately sent a volley toward the smoke. Their flring was controlled by bugle, heard at intervals, and they evidently had the range, as in the second flght the bullets were well aimed and not too high, as is usual. Our only casualty was Corporal Ponath, Company G, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. The men were cool and obeyed orders promptly. As regards the loss of the enemy, we could only locate them by sounds ; those we saw we left there. I can give no accurate statistics, as it is impossible to estimate the damage done by the shells or our volleys in the brush. The sharpshooters who stayed too long behind the main body of the enemy we could locate, and as we had picked men we had no difl3culty in disposing of them. After reporting to Colonel Stotsenburg at the outpost we were sent to the Nebraska camp for supper. We returned to the outpost and took up at midnight outpost work there. We were supplied with food by the Nebraska Volunteers, and at 9.30, February 2.5th, the men having breakfasted, we started to return to camp (Pulverin). I desire to draw attention to the fact that when Corporal Ponath was wounded he was at the left of the line. He was promptly carried to the shelter of the mill by Sergeant Lane, Privates William A. Shoemaker, Albert A. Eide, and John J. Maxwell, all of Company G, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, under a heavy flre. On my request for volunteers to carry him to the road, as there was a raking flre across the open, these men promptly responded and carried the wounded man gently across the road, the bullets meanwhile spattering all around them. Distance traveled, seven miles. ^ ^ Respectfully submitted, R. H. Barber, Captain, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 537 Report of Second Lieut. Chas. A. Murphy, Second Oregon U. S. Volun- teer Infantry, Commanding Hotchkiss and Gattling Battery, of Reconnoissance Along Mariquina Road, Dated February 14, 1899. Ckossroads, San Juan del Monte, Februarn i'l, 1S99. Maj. P. G. Eastwick, Jr., Commanding Third Battalion, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. Sir : I beg to report as follows : Received verbal orders from Major Eastwick to report— with one Hotchkiss gun and five men— to Captain Barber, in command of detachment. Gun to be pulled by ten prisoners. Left crossroads at 1.30; proceeded to point on Mariquina road about two and one half miles; when, on order of Captain Barber, gun was put into action, firing at native houses where the enemy were stationed. Enemy's fire ceased. Hotchkiss shells penetrated houses, but failed to explode. After firing ten or fifteen shots the gunner reported that the gun was disabled. On examination I found that the swivel plate controlling elevation gear was broken. I took the plate off and turned it in such manner that the gun could be used (with care). I was compelled to work under great dlfHculiies on account of not having the tools that belong to the gun. The gun having been prepared. Captain Barber ordered me to place gun at a point one-fourth mile from road to the left and shell a rocky ridge where there was a body of insurgents in force. Opened fire at fifteen hundred yards, shells landing in the midst of them and exploding, with the effect that they were driven from their position after some resistance. (Note.— Shells exploded by striking rocks; would not explode by striking bamboo houses or ordinary soil.) After firing one hundred or more shots cleaned the gun, and shortly afterwards a shell stuck, and Captain Barber ordered me to the road, where I found firing pin bent, which I hammered into shape, and removed broken shell from gun. Proceeded on up the road, per order Captain Barber, and opened fire on hedge row, from which the enemy were pouring in a hot fire. After flring two shots the gun again jammed and we suc- ceeded in withdrawing the shell under a severe fire. I then reported to Captain Barber, who ordered me to report to captain of Nebraska company, who sent me back to Captain Barber (after I had made a verbal report to him of the condition of the gun) with orders for him to withdraw his skirmish line to the road and advance to his position ; also for me to bring up the gun to his position. On arrival at his position (about four miles from crossroads on top of hill overlooking Mar- iquina) with the gun, Colonel Stotsenburg being present, I reported to him in person. He directed me to place the gun at a point to be designated by him. I placed the gun, and after firing two shots the gun jammed again and we could not dislodge the shell, as there were no tools for the purpose at hand. Colonel Stotsenburg then ordered the gun to be taken to the pumping station to be repaired and for me to await further orders. On arrival at the pumping station I made a hollow-shaped tool that fitted the bore of the gun and could be rammed against the explosive shell without touching- the cap, thereby removing the jammed shell from the gun. I carry this tool on the gun now, and it can be used in the field in case of future trouble. I also repaired plate on eleva- tion gear by using heavy iron washers and new machine bolts. Finished repairs at 11 m p. M., with gun in much l^etter and stronger condition than when we left camp. I received telegraphic orders from Colonel Stotsenburg at 7.40 p. m. to proceed to Deposito and place gun in former position on south wall of Deposito. Above order was carried out, and I reported to Colonel Stotsciihurg at 10 a. m. this i5th day of Feb- ruary, 1899. Respectfully submitted, Charles A. Murphy, Lieutenant, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, Commanding Hotchkiss and Gatling Battery. REPORT BRIG. GEN. R. P. HUGHES, U. S. Y., Provost Marshal General in Manila, OF FIRES AND ACCOMPANYING EVENTS THAT OC(^URRKD FEBRUARY AND 28, 1899. Office of the Provost Marshal General, Manila, P. I., March 17, 1S99. Assistant Adjutant General, Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I. Sir : The following detailed report of the fires and accompanying events that occurred on the 22d and 23d of February are submitted for the information of the department commander : A few minutes after S v. m. on the 22d a fire was noticed in No. 22, Calle Lacosta, in the suburb of Santa Cruz, this city. The house was the abiding place of Filipinos of ill repute. The police, as represented by the Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U. S V., arrived on the scene almost immediately, and were able to establish beyond a doubt that the fli-e was of incendiary origin, and that kerosene oil was the fluid made use of in starting it. The entire fire department of the city and the volunteer brigade of English firemen and their engine were on the ground with reasonable promptness, and all worlied with a zeal that was very commendable. The wind at the time was variable, and it was necessary to fight the fire from three sides. Eftbrts were made to prevent the efficiency of the firemen by occasional shots from the surrounding houses. This was stopped by calling up some of the provostguard. Efl'orts were also made to destroy the fire hose by puncturing it, but the police cured this trouble witli cominendable prompt- ness. The locality was well selected for the nefarious purpose of tlie incendiary. The build- ings were constructed of light materials and the streets narrow. Furthermore, it was a district peopled by Chinamen, and thej' had large stores of dried cocoanut shells stored for fuel. The light fiber of these shells not only ignites very readily, but they carry sparks in clouds. Owing to these causes it was 11 o'clock p. m. before the fire department could get sufficient control of the fire to assume the oflTensive and subdue it. This fire burned two blocks, as shown in the accompanying map marked A. It would seem that the object of this fire was to burn out the barracks of the Tenth Pennsylvania Volun- teers and the police company on Calle Dolores. About the time the fire in Santa Cruz was brought under control a second one was noticed in the suburb of Tondo. At this time a westerly wind was blowing a good sailing breeze, and the fire was situated in the Nipa district of the suburb. It was both useless and dangerous to struggle against it. This fire was started by insurgent soldiers who had entered the city by passing around the left of General MacArthur's line. It was started at different points to windward of the location of two of the city police sta- tions—Companies M and C, Thirteenth Minnesota — with the evident intention of OREGON VOLUNTKERS IN SPANISH WAR. 539 roasting them out. The possibility of such tactics on the part of the enemy had been foreseen and provided against. The police companies took position to defend the suburb of Binondo at Paseo de Ascarraga, and were promptly supported by other troops of the provost guard, Company E, Tv?enty-third U. S. Infantry, Captain Pratt, joining them by way of Jolo Street, and Company H, Captain McDonnell, by way of Calle de Santo Cristo. These troops checked any advance on the part of the enemy from Tondo, and the Are exhausted its material by 2 o'clock. Unfortunately, enemies were on all sides and occasional shots were fired from houses in the vicinity. The first attempt ot the incendiaries to start a fire in the rear of the troops was made in the main building of the Binondo Market. But this effort failed, through the vigi- lance of the police, who discovered it before it had gotten beyond their power to master it. A second and successful effort was made by setting fire to some nipa structures out- side the main building. 'Ihe wind had increased, and this fire, coming before that at Santa Cruz was extinguished, the flie spread westward and southward with rapidity. The firemen reached the locality at 2.30 greatly fatigued, and the volunteer brigade seemed to have become totally discouraged, and left the place with their engine without even getting up steam. Fortunately provisions had been made for such a contingency by sending for Major Gantenbein's battalion of the Second Oregon Volunteers. Some powder cartridges had been previously arranged for with Capt. W. T. Wood, chief ordnance officer, and for some axes with the Engineer Department, both of which arrived on the ground in time to meet this emergency. The lire at this time had hope- lessly involved the two blocks next to the mercado. It was futile, with the means at hand, to attempt to check the Are to leeward, but it seemed impossible to prevent its getting a hold across Calle de Lavazares. After the English volunteer brigade had taken their engine from the scene it became necessary to organize a volunteer fire company from the battalion of the Second Oregon Volunteers, and to send and seize the engine and to call all other engines from the Santa Cruz district, at the risk of a second outbreak there. During the time required to accomplish these things the only means at hand for checking the flames were powder, axes, water carried in buckets, pots, etc. The time finally came when the only resort was powder. The danger points were mainly confined to two corners, one the southwest corner of Calle Lavazares and Calle Fundidor (No. 14 Calle Fundidor), and the other the northwest corner of Lavazares and Santo de Cristo streets (No. 48 Calle Santo Cristo). The building first named was so much ablaze that it had started the fire in the building across the street. As it was still possible to extin- guish the fire across the street by pressing Chinamen and carrying water in buckets, pots, etc., if the house across the street was neutralized, it was determined to use a powder charge of a 10-inch gun in destroying that building. This building was hopelessly involved in the fire at the time, and the exploding of the cartridge only hastened its dem- olition by a few moments. The building on the northwest corner of Lavazares and Santo Cristo streets (No. 48 Calle Santo Cristo) was two stories high, and when it became fully involved it was evident that it would be impossible, with the means at hand, to prevent the house on the northeast corner taking fire unless some radical measures were taken. A powder cartridge was carried in inclosed in its metallic case and was exploded in the corner of the building for the purpose of wrecking it, which it did. This cartridge only hastened the destruction of the building, as it was already so fully involved in the fiames that it could not have been defended, and as a matter of fact no effort, under the conditions, would have been made to do so. In the mean time the block south of Calle de Santo Cristo and between Calles Lavazares and de Clavel had burned rapidly, and before a sufllcient number of streams could be gotten on it the flames had crossed Calle de Elcano, and before its progress could be stopped about one third of this block also was in ashes. The market, two full blocks, and about one third of another were burned at this place. This third fire was subdued by 7 A. M. of tlie 23d. The enemy still held possession of the northern portion of the suburb of Tondo, above Moriones Street, and while the provost guard was engaged in suppressing the fire and preserving order in the city they were busy errecting barricades and field works, for which purposes they used materials ready at hand for building purposes, foundation 540 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. stoues, railroad iron, etc., and in many instances the walled courts and houses were occupied. After the provost guard had had some rest and breakfast six companies were sent to throw these invaders out of the city. Two companies of the Thirteenth Minne- sota, two companies of the Second Oregon, and two companies of the Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, the whole being under the direction of Maj. G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third U. S. Infantry. The work was thoroughly done, and the city was cleared of armed organized insurgents by 5 p. m. In this contest the loss of the enemy was severe, as they were in some instances caught in the inclosures from which they could not escape, and they would not surrender. The houses along the line of the enemy's retreat were nearly all burned during the aflfair. As they were nearly all of nipa, the loss in money value was not great. The loss in Binondo was the heaviest, and it will be necessary to take some steps to provide new market accomodations for that suburb in the near future. The lesson learned by these fires is that we are living in the midst of cruel enemies, who are capable of i-esorting to any means to further their ends. The work performed by the provost guard was exceedingly satisfactory. All did their very best. I wish to make special mention of Sergt. Leon H. Chick, Battery H, Third U. «. Artillery, who was acting under the direction of Capt. W. T. Wood, chief ot ordnance, in placing and firing the powder cartridges. The fuse of the second cartridge failed, and the building was one sheet of flame in ihe lighter materials of the upper story. Sergeant Chick simply asked, when it became apparent that the first fuse had probably failed, if Captain Wood wished the fuse replaced, and on receiving an affirmative answer he entered this fire trap, renewed the fuse, and caused the explosion of the cartridge, which so wrecked the building as to enable the fire to be checked with the means then at hand. This quiet discharge of so perilous a duty is, in my opinion, worthy of special recognition, and I therefore recommend Sergeant Chick for the appointment of ordnance sergeant, which I am informed is a position he seeks, and also that he be granted a certificate of merit. Drawings showing the districts burned in shaded lines are forwarded herewith. The following reports are also inclosed : Report of Maj. G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third U.S. Infantry; report of Maj. Percy Willis, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry; and report of Col. Fred W. Ames, Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, which contains the reports of Captains Morgan, McKelvey, Robinson, and Metz; also those of Lieuten- ants Snow and Bruckart. Respectfully submitted. R. P. HUGHES, Brigadier General U. S. V., Provost Marshal Oeneral. Report of Maj. G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, of Pursuit of Insurgents in Tondo, February 23, 1899. Manila, P. I., February 2!,, 1899. Adjutant Twenty-third U. .S. Infantry. Sir: I have the honor to report that, in obedience to instructions from the provost marshal general, I yesterday, February 23d, with two companies of my battalion (K, Lieutenant Moore, and M, Lieutenant Stritzinger), one officer and thirty-five men each, proceeded at 10.30 o'clock a. m. to the Tondo district, in the northern part of Manila, to dislodge and destroy a partj' of Filipino soldiers, supposed to be about one hundred and fifty, who had worked through General MacArthur's lines the night before. The com- mand went in light marching order, without rations, and with one hundred rounds ammunition on the person and a like amount on two carts. The first of the enemy were encountered a short distance from (beyond) the cuartel of Company C, Thirteenth Minnesota. At about this time I was joined by Company E, Captain Davis, and Com- OREGON V0LUNTF:ERS in SPANISH WAR. 541 pany M, Captain Poorman, Second Oregon, under Major Willis of that regiment; also Company C, Lieutenant Snow, and Company M, Captain McKelvey, Thirteenth Minne- sota. A great measure of the success of the day was due to these troops, which had pre- ceded me nearly an hour, and by repeated charges had cleared several blocks of sharp- shooters, forcing them back from house to house, and killing many. We encountered Ave very substantial barricades extending across the street. These were successively charged, as were numerous houses used as places of concealment, and the latter were invariably burned. As a result, but few remain along the road to Caloocan. When near the railroad depot two troops Fourth U. 8. Cavalry reported, and I sent them to scour the woods to the east, while I proceeded with an extended skirmish line to the right and left of the road, in the direction of Caloocan. There was little opposi- tion along the road beyond the city, but several skirmishes occurred in the thickets to the right, in which Lieutenant Stritzinger had one man (Private John L. Barker, Com- pany M, Twenty-third Infantry) dangerously wounded, shot through leg and arm, and one man killed, (Private Edward Reaver, Company G, Twenty-third Infantry)— the only losses in the Twenty-third Infantry. Private Reaver had become separated from his company in another part of the city, and reported to Lieutenant Stritzinger a short time before he was killed. One man (Private George W. Baker, Company G, Thirteenth Minnesota) was dangerously wounded by a shot in the neck. These were the only losses of the day. During the afternoon I received orders from the provost marshal general to cover the ground well out to General MacArthur's line, which I did, reaching the headquarters of the Twentieth Kansas at 4.50 o'clock v. m., and starting on my return at 5 o'clock, reach- ing barracks at 6.45 o'clock. Owing to the nature of the fighting, it is difficult to more that approximate the num- ber of the enemy killed, but I believe it to be not less than seventy-five. A captain of the Second Oregon counted in one block thirty-four dead, and Lieutenant Moore, Twenty-third Infantry, counted thirteen in another small yard. There were many prisoners made; only the men were retained, and were sent back in squads to the Minnesota cuartel. It is impo.ssible to state accurately how many, but more than one hundred and fifty, at least ninety-five per cent of whom were soldiers, some in uniform clothing, but more with their uniforms hastily pulled off, showing the usual white garb of the natives. Yards and houses were strewn with the discarded uniforms. The conduct of officers and men is to be commended. All behaved in the coolest manner under the new conditions of street fighting; and, although all had been up throughout all of the previous night, and were without food or cofiee for thirteen hours, not a murmur of complaint was heard. Private Ira B. Smith, Company C, Thirteenth Minnesota, was struck by a spent ball directly over the heart, but was not disabled. The ball penetrated the clothing and was pulled from the fiesh. A number of rifles were captured ; I can not state how many. The companies were more or less detached and returned after dark. Respectfully, your obedient servant, G. A. Goodale, Major, Twentjj-third U. 8. Infantry. Report of Capt. John M. Poorman, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Pursuit of Insurgents in Tondo, February 33, 1899. Manila, P. I., February 2ii, 1899. Maj. PERt'Y WlI-LIS, Second Oregon U. 8. Volunteers. Sir: I have the honor tohand you herewith a report of the part my company took in the engagement with the insurgents in Tondo on February 23, IStti): 542 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. About 9.30 A. M. on the 23d instant I received orders from Lieutenant Colonel Yoran to have my company ready to move at once. There were but forty-three enlisted men available, and part of them, with ijieutenant Platts, had been on guard all night at the penitentiary. Captain Davis, Company E, had received the same orders, and in about twenty minutes the two companies, under your command, marched to the Tondo Church, where we were joined by Companies M and C of the Thirteenth Minnesota. About two hundred yards beyond this church, in obedience to your command, the com- panies deployed. Company E, Second Oregon, on the extreme left. Company C of the Thirteenth Minnesota on the right, and my company in the center, with Company M of the Thirteenth in reserve. At the command, the line advanced, taking advantage of cover and avoiding streets as much as possible. The line had advanced but a short distance when the enemy opened fire on us from the nlpa huts and from the trees. We returned the fire when we could locate the enemy, but with very slight eflfect. As the line advanced it became nec- essary to burn the native shacks to dislodge the insurgents. This we did as we advanced, and in a very short time the main body of insurgents was located in a stone inclosure and behind breastworks of stone across the streets in front of ray company. A heavy fire was opened up by both sides, with telling effect on the enemy. The insur- gents behind the breastworks retreated to the stone inclosure and continued the fight- ing until a flank attack by the right of my company forced them to surrender. We killed thirty natives, wounded nine, and took about twenty prisoners, all with- out a man of my command killed or wounded. The fighting of the day, so far as my company was concerned, ended here. I was ordered to deploy my men on the left of the main road to Caloocan, but after advancing about one fourth mile found the countrj' impassable on account of water, and had to return to the main road, which we followed until we reached the stone bridge, beyond the car shops. Here we deployed on the right of the Minnesotas, and, with Captain Davis's company on my right, we continued on to Caloocan, burning all the native huts on the way. After a short rest both Companies M and E of ihe Second Oregon returned to their quarters. The Minnesota companies, having joined Major Goodale's command, returned ahead of us. This was the first engagement for my company, but they behaved like veterans. Lieutenant Platts deserves special mention, and both sergeants and corporals looked well after their duties. My company fired about four thousand rounds of ammunition. Time of active fighting, about three hours; distance marched, fourteen miles. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. POOKMAN, Commanding ComjJ'cny M, Second Oregon, U. 8. V. Report of Capt. R. E. Davis, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Pursuit of Insurgents in Tondo, February 23, 1899. •Manila, P. I., Febnuiry 21,, 1899. Maj. Pekcy Willis, Commanding Second Battalion, Oregon U. S. V. Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of my company's actions dur- ing the skirmish and advance to Caloocan from Tondo, February 23, 1899: After receiving your order to deploy as skirmishers and protect the left flank of the line, we advanced steadily with short rests for better flre facilities, using both individual and volley flring, as position of our line and enemy would permit. We burned all houses in our rear, after thoroughly examining them, and sent to the rear about fifty male pi'isoners. After the last halt on stone bridge I was ordered to cross the lagoon and advance in skirmish line toward Caloocan, examining and burning all houses In our OREGON VOLUNTFCERS IN SPANISH WAR. 543 front. In carrying out these instracttons we could not find a single stand of arms and very few knives of any kind, although careful search was made for them. After reaching the railroad station about two miles north of Tondo we relieved the Montana company holding the road, and, awaiting your advance, halted for lunch. Up to this point the country was full of houses, and we burned them all after .sending about one hundred men and women to the rear. As they were not armed or in resistance and our force was small we did not put them under arrest. To sum up events we killed probably about thirty insurgents, as we ccninted twenty- five in our front while advancing. We sent to the rear tlfty prisoners and burned nearly one hundred houses. Our total casualties were a slight superficial wound on inde.x flnger of left hand of Martin Hildebrandt. We had a force of fifty men with Captain Davis and Lieutenant Dunbar in command. I can not speak too highly of the conduct of the men, as my only difficulty was to hold them back and prevent unnecessary exposure to Are. Very respectfully, R. E. Davis, Ciiptuin, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infanlry, Vomnvinding Company E. Report of Maj. Percy Willis, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Pursuit of Insurgents in Tondo, February 23, 1899. OUARTEL DE EsPANA, MANILA, P. I., February J'), 1S;)». Adjutant, Second Regiment, Oregon U. S. V. Sir : I have the honor to make the following report of the engagement in Tondo on the 23d day of February, 1899 : About 9.30 o'clock in the morning of that day I received verbal orders through Lieut. Col. (t. O. Yoran, to take two companies of my battalion and proceed to Tondo for the purpose of capturing or driving out a body of insurgents, which had in some manner passed our lines and established themselves in that neighborhood. Taking Companies E and M, I started from the Cuartel de Espaiia about 10 a. m. Company E, Capt. R. E. Davis, had fifty men. First Lieut. T. N. Dunbar being second in command. Company M, Capt. J. M. Poorman, had forty-three men. Second Lieut. C. R. Platts also being with the company. The men carried one hundred rounds of ammunition each, and one day's travel ration. Near the Bridge of Spain Capt. J. E. McKelvey, of the Thirteenth Minnesota Regi- ment, reported to me, by order of General Hughes, to direct me to the proper district. We proceeded to the church in Tondo, headquarters of Company M, Thirteenth Minnesota, and halted. Insurgent sharpshooters were close by and were making things decidedly interesting. I ascended the tower of the church, and had a good view of the battlefield and the position of the insurgents, which was pointed out to me by First Lieut. L. D. Bruckart, Company M, Thirteenth Minnesota. At the church I was joined by Compa- nies C and M of that regiment. Company C, Second Lieut. James F. Snow in command, had thirty-five men, and Company M. Captain McKelvey, had forty-five men. P'irst Lieutenant Bruckart was present with this company. Advancing down the road to the north, as far as the first main crossroad, I halted and formed a line of battle. Company E, Captain Davis, was given a position on the left, in line of skirmishers, with his left fifty yards from the water. Company M, Second Oregon, Captain Poorman, was placed in the center of the line, and Company C, Second Lieutenant Snow, Thirteenth Minnesota, on the right. Company M, Thirteenth Minne- sota, Captain McKelvey, was held in reserve. This made a continuous line of skirmishers about one quarter of a mile in length. Directly in front of us was a thick collection of huts scattered through the trees. The line was pierced in two places by the main streets leading toward Caloocan. On these streets our line was left blank because of the heavy 544 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. fire down them maintained by the insurgents from their stone barricades erected a short distance ahead and behind which a good force of sharpshooters had been stationed. The line having been formed, the bugle sounded "Forward," and the advance com- menced. Firing began almost Immediately and soon became very warm. The Mausers could be heard on all sides, and it was impossible to ascertain where the bullets came from, as smokeless powder was being used by the enemy. Our men became a little nerv- ous under this flank Are, and we halted before we had proceeded more than one hundred yards, the men taking refuge behind a stone wall. Seeing that nothing could be done until this flank flre by the sharpshooters had been stopped, and as it seemed to be com- ing from the native huts, I sent out orders to burn all the huts, and to advance again, slowly, burning the huts as we proceeded. The bugle again sounded "Forward," and the line moved on. As the houses on all sides of us began to go up in flames the position of the insurgent sharpshooters became untenable and they retreated, relieving our men from the flank flre. The different companies kept in touch with each other on the flanks in fine style, and we advanced steadily. The firing again became very heavy all along the line, but the men exercised good judgment and kept under cover as much as possible while advancing. The insurgents, when driven from their houses, bore ofl' toward the left flank, and many of them were shot down by our men. Tliey were evidently making for the lagoon in front of Malabon, where, I afterwards ascertained, a good many of them escaped by wading and swimming. As we neared the line of barricades across the streets, the flre became very hot, as the enemy was protected on each street by stone inclosures. The stone inclosure to the left of the street-car line and in front of Company M, Second Oregon, and Company C, Thir- teenth Minnesota, was especially well defended. Here a hot flre was maintained until some of our men got up In a house which gave them a flank flre into the insurgents, and from which many of the enemj' were killed, and resulting in the Filipinos being driven out of their stronghold. As they ran they were exposed to the flre of our men on the left, and many of them were killed on the outside. Around this inclosure and inside of it thirty dead insurgents were afterwards counted. On the other street the inclosure was obstinately defended by them, but the insurgents were driven out in good style by the left of Captain Poorman's line and the right of Captain Davis's. Inside of this inclosure were found flve dead insurgents and six wounded, and many dead were scattered over the adjacent gardens. When we reached the first line of barricades, near the inclosures which we had captured, I halted and reformed the line, where we rested a little while, keeping up in the mean time an incessant fire on the insurgents remaining in our front. At this time I sent back for more ammunition, as the supply had nearly run out. Com- panies C and M, Thirteenth Minnesota, each had two thousand rounds in reserve in their quarters. This was brought up in carremeteras, and distributed to the men on the firing line. Word was sent to Genei'al Hughes with the request that more be forwarded. The hardest fighting was now over, although our work was not yet completed by any means. Company M, Thirteenth Minnesota, commanded by Captain McKelvey, was held in reserve, and although his men were not on the firing line, the company did good work escorting prisoners to the rear and as scouts sent out to the right and left to keep me informed as to the position of our line. A private of Company G, Thirteenth Min- nesota, named Baker, was badly wounded at this point by a shot through the back of the neck, and Private M. Hilderbrandt, of Company E, Second Oregon, was shot in the finger, receiving a slight wound. One other private, Ira B. Smith, of Company C, Thir- teenth Minnesota, was slightly %vounded in the breast. Under the shelter of the stone inclosure at these barricades Dr. Ritchie, Thirteenth Minnesota, and Hospital Steward Brosius, Second Oregon, did excellent work in caring for the wounded. Those able to be moved were transported to the rear. At this point many prisoners were captured and sent to the rear under guard. While waiting there two companies of the Twenty-third Infantry arrived upon the scene, under command of Major Goodale. He being my senior, and desiring first of all hearty cooperation in the work before us, I oflTered him the command of the whole line, which he accepted. Aftera short rest the whole line again advanced, driving everything OREGON VOLUNTKEIIS IN SPANISH WAK. 545 before it until we reached the depot of the Manila and Malabon tramway. Here we again halted and reformed the companies. At this point Captain McKelvpy, in com- mand of Company M, Thirteenth Minnesotii, was obliged to return to the hospital. He had been on duty for forty-eight hours without rest, lighting fires, doing patrol work, etc., and was well nigh worn out. He had performed good work during the tiring, and deserves credit for sticking to it as long as he did. First Lieutenant Bruckai't took com- mand in his stead. Here we received an abundant supply of ammunition. Here I suggested to Major Goodale that Company E, Second Oregon, Captain Davis, be sent across the bridge to deploy in skirmish order through the timber to the right, to be joined on the left by other companies in skirmish order. Thus we would have a line before which we could drive tlie enemy. This was done, Captain Davis forming as des- ignated and advancing toward Caloocan. Lieutenant Snow, Thirteenth Minnesota, formed with his company on the left. Major Goodale then advanced down the road with his companies of tlie Twenty-third, and I followed with companies M of the Second Oregon and the Thirteenth Minnesota. After a short advance I crossed the slough to the right with my two companies and formed them in the brusli in skirmish order to the left of Captain Davis's line. We then advanced through the woods in skirmish order, clearing up everything in front of us until we reached Caloocan, in the rear of Major General Mac Arthur's quarters. On nearing Caloocan the center and right of my line on the crest of the ridge were exposed to the view of the insurgents beyond the line of Major General MacArthur and were given two or three volleys. The Mauser bullets fell about thickly, but no one was hurt. On reaching Caloocan the companies wei-e reformed and I reported my arrival to General MacArthur. Having completed the work for which we were sent out, we returned to our quarters in the city. Too much praise can not be given the officers and men of the Oregon and Minnesota regiments who took part in the engagement. Captain Davis on the left. Captain Poor- man in the center, and Lieutenant Snow on the right held their companies in good con- trol, kept their men advancing steadily, took advantage of every cover, and inflicted heavy loss upon the enemy, with very slight loss to ourselves. In my battalion not a man was killed, and only three were wounded ; one in Company C, Thirteenth Minne- sota ; one in Company G, same regiment, and one in Company E, Second Oregon. Lieu- tenant Bruckart did excellent work with his company after he took command. My adjutant, Lieut. A. J. Brazee, in delivering orders to diflt'erent parts of the line, did good work and showed good judgment, as did also Lieutenant Dunbar, of Company E, and Lieutenant Platts, of Company M. It is not now definitely known how many of the insurgents were killed, but I am informed that a burial party sent out the next day to the neighborhood of the battlefield buried one hundred and thirteen. We captured, I estimate, about one hundred prison- ers, and cleaned out the whole country we covered from the Tondo church to General MacArthur's line. Our gunboats fired several shots, presumably at those insurgents who escaped across the lagoon on our left. All the men behaved admirably, and as it was their first experience under fire their coolness and determination was very marked, all of which it gives me great pleasure to testify to. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Percy Willis, Major, Second Oregon U. 8. Volunteer Infantry. 35 REPORT OF BKIG. GEN. LOYI) WHEATON, U. S. V., OF OPERATIONS ALONG THE PASId RIVER, MARCH 13 TO 19, Um. Manila, P. I., Mm-ch 21, 1S99. ArtJUTANT General, United States Army, Washingion, D. C. Sir : By General Orders No. 11, current series, headquarters Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corp.s, I was assigned to the command of "a provisional brigade" composed of the Twentieth and Twenty-second Regiments, U. S. Infantry, two battaUons of the First Washington Volunteer Infantry, seven companies of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, a platoon of the Sixth U. S. Artillery, and a squadron of three troops Fourth U. S. Cavalry. My instructions were to clear the enemy from the country to Pasig and to strike him wherever found. The brigade was formed on the night of the 12th instant and biv- ouacked in line in rear of the intrenched position extending from San Pedro Macati on the Pasig one and one half miles in the direction of Passay from right to left in the fol- lowing order: Squadron Fourth U. S. Cavalry, Major Rucker; Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, Colo- nel Egbert; Twentieth U. S. Infantry, Lieutenant Colonel McCaskey; seven companies Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Summers; one platoon (two guns) Sixth U. S. Artillery, Lieutenant Scott; two battalions First Washington Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Wholley. Soon after daylight on the morning of March 13th the brigade moved under my instructions, by echelon, from the right, the Fourth U. S. Cavalry and Twenty-second U. S. Infantry moving first ; then the Twentieth U. S. Infantry, followed by the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. When the cavalry and Twenty-second U. S. Infantry had advanced one and one half miles along the line wheeled to the left and marched toward the river road along the Pasig. Scott's guns had now opened upon the position of the enemy at Guadalupe, and the left of the line advancing forced him out, the Twentieth U. S. Infantry and First Washington Volunteer Infantry reaching the church at Guad- alupe at nearly the same time. The right of the Twenty-second U. S. Infantry struck the enemy as he was retreating in the direction of Pasig, inflicting heavy loss. The whole line moved on and occupied the Pasig road, and then marching east along the road soon came under fire of the enemy from his intrenched position at Pasig, on the north side of the river. Opened fire upon his intrenchments from one gun on the road, and placed the other upon a cliflT or ridge extending at right angle to the Pasig ; occupied the ridge with infantry and extended the Twentieth and Twenty-second U. S. Infantry to the right on the high ground in the direction of Pateros. One battalion of the Twenty- second U. S. Infantry, under Captain Lockwood, and the squadron of Fourth U. S. Cav- alry, under Major Rucker, attacked a force of the enemy in the direction of Pateros and drove him beyond Taguig. The gunboat Laguna de Bay, under command of Captain Grant, came up, and night closed with the enemy driven to the north side of Pasig. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 547 March ;',.— Entended mj' line to the south and west of Pateros and reconnoitered the country to the west and south. The cavalry engaged the enemy in force in the direction of Taguig, and drove him beyond that place. The enemy being intrenched in the bam- boo thickets across the channel, near Pateros, the first Washington Volunteer Infantry — one battalion, under Maj. J. J. Weisenburger — crossed the channel in cascos and by swimming, stormed the intrenchments, and captured or killed all the rebels there. The town of Pateros took fire and burned. March 15.— 1 sent one battalion of the Twentieth U. S. Infantry, under Major Rogers, across the river at Pasig, brought up a gun, and shelled the intrenchmenfs'in front of Pasig and to the left. The battalion of the Twentieth U. S. Infantry carried the city by storm. Crossed a part of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry below Pasig, and when the rebels fled from Pasig they were exposed to a heavy flank fire from this detachment. Sent the whole of the Twentieth U. S. Infantry over to Pasig, the regiment being taken across upon the steam launch Maritime. Advanced the First Washington Volunteer Infantry on my light to Taguig and captured about five hundred prisoners. Night came on with the enemy in my front and on my right killed, captured, or dispersed. The enemy lost at least one thousand men this day. March W.— Instructed Lieutenant Colonel McCaskey, commanding Twentieth U. S. Infantry, at Pasig, to clear the country in his immediate vicinity of any of the insurgents who might be lurking near, and soon after received a dispatch from him that he had sent out two battalions to be deployed as skirmishers to clear the island of Pasig. Soon after, heavy and long-continued firing was heard to the east and north of Pasig. At 12 M. learned that Maj. William P. Rogers, commanding Third Battalion Twentieth U. S. Infantry, had come upon the enemy, intrenched one thousand strong at the village of Cienta, and that he had carried the intrenchments and burned the town, the enemy fly- ing in the direction of Taytay. Major Rogers returned with his battalion to Pasig. In this aflair he lost two killed and fourteen wounded. On the 17th of March, by direction of the corps commander, I returned the Twentieth U. S. Infantry to Manila, relieving the regiment at Pasig by a part of the First Wash- ington Volunteer Infantry. On the afternoon of March 18th a force of the enemy appeared in the vicinity of Tag- uig, which was held by one company of the First Washington Volunteer Infantry. Reeforced the place with two companies of infantry and directed the colonel of the Twenty-second U. S. Infantry to send one battalion of his regiment south of the position held by his regiment and to the west of Taguig to ascertain the force of the enemy. The enemy was found about eight hundred strong occupying the crests of the ridges, and a spirited combat ensued, which was terminated by darkness. The Twenty-second had twenty men killed and wounded in this aflTair. Among the wounded was Capt. Frank B. Jones, Twenty-second Infantry, commanding the battalion. The enemy fell back toward the south. The morning of the I9th instant shortly after daylight I formed line, deployed in the extended order facing to the south, as follows: Twenty-second U. S. Infantry and one gun Sixth Artillery on the right; Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry (six companies), center ; First Washington Volunteer Infantry (six companies), left. Advanced the line and struck the enemy four miles south of Taguig. My line, wheeling to the left, partly inclosed him toward the lake, and he was completely routed, with great loss. My left pursued hiin down the lake fifteen miles from Taguig as far as San Pedro Tamisan, all the houses along the lake to that point being burned. The enemy's intrenchments on our left and in front of the First Washington Volunteer Infantry were carried, the enemy leaving more than two hundred dead upon the field. Returned to the vicinity of Pateros and there bivouacked, receiving orders to return the command to former encampments near Manila, excepting that the First Washington Volunteer Infantry was designated to hold Pasig, Pateros, and Taguig and adjacent country. This ended the operations of the provisional brigade. In one week all his positions that were attacked taken and his troops killed, captured, or dispersed ; the towns from where he brought over troops or in which be resisted us burned or destroyed, He burned 54S OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. them himself. His loss in killed, wounded, and captured was not less than twenty-five hundred men. I was ably supported and assisted by the several regimental commanders through the series of operations. I desire to call attention to the energetic conduct of Col. J. H. Wholly, First Washington Volunteer Infantry, and the gallant conduct in action of Maj. William P. Rogers, Twentieth U. S. Infantry, and Maj. J. J. Weisenburger, First Washington Volunteer Infantry, and to the gallant and meritorious services of Capt. Frank B. Jones, Twenty-second U. S. Infantry. Second Lieut. E. D. Scott, Sixth U. S. Artillery, rendered most efficient service with his guns, showing skill and intrepidity. I desire to call attention to the very gallant conduct of Capts. Herbert S. Foster, James A. Irons, and Benjamin Alvord, Twentieth Infantry, in the storming of Pasig and in the combat at Cienta. I am indebted to Lieut. F. D. Webster, Twentieth U. S. Infantry, aid-de-camp, and to Lieut. Charles R. Howland, Twentieth U. S. Infantry, aid-de-camp, actingassistantadjutant general, for valuable assistance; also to First Lieut. William D. Connor, Corps of Engineers, acting aid. Service both gallant and efficient was rendered by Capt. Elmore McKenna and Lieut. Charles E. Kilbourne, Volunteer Signal Corps. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ^^^^ WHEATON, Brigadier General, U. 8. V., Commanding. Report of Brigidier General Loyd Wheaton, U. S. V., of Operations of His Brigade, March 22 to 31, 1899. Headquarters Third Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Malolos, P. /., March 31, 1899, Adjutant General, U. S. A., Washington, D. C. Sir: Relating to the recent operations of this brigade in connection with the move- ments of Major General MacArthur's Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, I have to report that I was directed in orders from headquarters Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps to report for temporary duty, with my brigade, to General Mac- Arthur March 22, 1899. The brigade consisted of one battalion Third U. S. Infantry, just landed from transport, Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, and eleven companies Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry ; in all two thousand two hundred and forty-one officers and men eflfective for duty. The night of March 24th the brigade relieved the First Brigade, Second Division, Brig. Gen. H. G. Otis, in the trenches extending from the left west of Caloocan to the vicinity of La Loma Church. This disposition was made in the darkness without the enemy gaining any knowledge of it, although his intrenchments were close in front and our movements exposed to his short-range fire. The Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry was placed on the left; Twenty-second U. S. Infantry on the right; the battalion Third U. S. Infantry in the inclosure or wall about Caloocan church and near the center. On March 25th soon after daylight, Major General MacArthur commenced his move- ment by advancing his right brigade to attack the enemy in the trenches in his front and to advance his right on Polo. Soon after, his left took up the movement and advanced to the front and left, his artillery near the center advancing with the line. As soon as his left brigades moved I advanced one battalion Twenty-second U. S. Infantry on my right to cover the movement of the Third U. S. Artillery, foot, on Gen- eral MacArthur's left. The turning movement having sufficiently developed to threaten the rebel intrenchments on their left flank, I directed that fire be opened on the rebel intrenchments in my front by the guns of the Utah Volunteer Light Artillery, First Lieut. Geoi^ W. Gibbs and at 8.30 a. m. directed my whole line to advance in the follow- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 549 ing oidor: Twenty-second U. S. Infantiy, Col. H. C. Egbert, on the right to endeavor to keep touch and communication with the Third U. S. Artillery, on the left of Otis's brigade, MacArthur's Division; one Battalion Third U. S. Infantry, Captain Cooke, center ; two companies on the east side of the railroad track and two on the west side ; Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, Col. O. Summers, left extending to near the channel separating Malabon from the mainland. The rebels were found in their intreuchments in great force, and line after line of their works were carried with the utmost gallantry. The roll of infantry Are was now con- tinuous and intense, the heaviest fighing at this time falling on the Second Oregon Vol- unteer Infantry and two companies of the Third U. S. Infantry. By 11.30 A. M. the enemy was thrown to the line of intrenchments in my front along the Tuliahan River, he having been driven from his successive lines of intrenchments with great slaughter. I now brought two guns of the Utah Volunteer Light Artillery, under Lieut. Geo. A. Seaman, from our line of works in front of Caloocan to a point on the railroad track nine hundred yards from the bridge across the Tuliahan ; sent a Hotchkiss revolving cannon to my extreme left to keep down the fire of the enemy com- ing across the channel near Malabon. Shelled his blockhouses and Intrenchments along the river on the north bank. A battalion of two companies of the Twenty-third Infantry (U. S.), one hundred and fifty-nine officers and men, Capt. S. B. Pratt, having been sent out from the city, I placed them on my right with instructions to connect with the left of Otis's brigade of Mac- Arthur's division, which was done by fording the Tuliahan. Late In the afternoon I received a dispatch from Major General MacArthur that it was probable, owing to diffi- cult country, he would not be able to place his right in Polo during the day, but hoped to be there early next morning. I had now suspended my forward movement in order that the enemy might not be driven beyond Polo or Malinta before the ground in that vicinity had been seized by General MacArthur. Night closed with my right connecting with Otis's brigade of the Second Division, and my line close to the Tuliahan, with the enemy all driven to the north bank. March 2()th at daylight the indications were that the enemy was preparing to retreat. The city of Malabon on my left was on lire and a stream of fugitive soldiers of the enemy and inhabitants was pouring from the city toward the north. I directed Colonel Egbert with his regiment, the Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, to ford the Tuliahan near my right and form line perpendicular to the river, his right to the north, the left of the Twenty- second to be supported by the battalion of the Twenty-third U. S. Infantry. By 11 a. m. all entrenchments near the river were carried ; the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry on the left meeting with an obstinate resistance. I crossed the river in person at this time near the railroad bridge, and the rebels opened fire from an entrenchment halfway from Malinta, from walls loopholed for musketry about the church and from entrench- ments at Malinta. I directed the Twenty-second U. S. Infantry to form line facing the intrenchments and to charge and carry them, which the regiment did with great gal- lantry. Col. H. C. Egbert was mortally wounded in this charge and died soon after. At the same time the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry on my left carried everything before it. The Third Artillery now, about 12 M., entered Malinta, my right and the Second Oregon, my left, entering about the same time. The enemy fled north, pursued by Major General MacArthur's center and right. Went into camp at Malinta with whole brigade, the two remaining battalions of the Third U. S. Infantry having joined from the transport about dark. March 27.— Under orders from the division commander, left the Second Oregon Vol- unter Infantry at Malinta and joined head of column with Third U. S. Infantry and Twenty-second U. S. Infantry. The battalion of the Twenty-third U. S. Infantry was returned to Manila. At 8.40 A. M. received a telegraphic dispatch from department com- mander to be under his orders direct and to keep railroad open in the rear of General MacArthur's division. March 2S.— Marched Third and Twenty-second U. S. Infantry to Marilao. 550 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. March 29 — Crossed the Marilao and marched up the railroad. The Thirteenth Min- nesota Infantry was assigned to my command. March SO — Column moved at 6.30 a. m. All trains left at Bocaue with one battalion Twenty-second U. S. Infanti-y as guard. Column reached Guiguinto at 9.30 a. m., and before dark the Third U. S. Infantry (Colonel Page) and two battalions Twenty-second U. S. Infantry were in bivouac one half mile in the rear of Major General MacArthur's line of battle, one and one half to two miles from Malolos. In conference with Major General MacArthur it was decided that I should support his attack on the enemy's position in front of Malolos by supporting his right with three battalions Third U. S. Infantry and left with two battalions Twenty-second U. S. Infantry. March 51 — Soon after daylight the five battalions mentioned were placed, deployed in two lines of skirmishers, closed to two and one half paces interval, distance between lines five hundred yards, the right and left battalions to lap over or beyond the line of battle of the division. Action commenced about 7 a. m., the left occupying Malolos, the enemy's capital, early in the day. I was with the right and opened fire on an intrench- ment of the enemy with Hotchkiss revolving cannon soon after the line was formed. After some maneuvering Hale's brigade in my front carried the enemy's works and pursued him in the direction of Calumpit. The entire movement from our lines in front of Caloocan to Malolos was a complete success. Great damage and heavy loss in killed and wounded has been inflicted upon the rebels and nowhere was the enemy able to considerably retard our advance. He was in strong force in front of our lines on March 2.3th. In front of my brigade his intrench- ments were held by not less than four thousand men, mostly armed with Mauser rifles. The conduct of our officers and men was distinguished by daring and the utmost energy. I desire to express the highest admiration for the distinguished gallanti-y of Col. H. C. Egbert, Twenty-second U.S. Infantry, who fell at Malinta during the charge of his regiment upon the enemy's intrenchments. He should be held in grateful remem- brance by his countrymen. The gallant conduct of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, on March 25th and 26th, is worthy of the highest praise. He maneuvered his regiment with ability and did excellent service, inspiring his command, which fought with great courage and determination. The conduct of Capt. John G. Ballance, Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, was distinguished for courage and skill. His ability in handling the battalion he commanded under the enemy's Are is worthy of the highest consideration. I am indebted for the valuable assistance of Capt.H. C. Cabell, Third U. S. Infantry. Captain and Assistant Adjutant General of Volunteers ; First Lieut. F. D. Webster, Twentieth U. S. Infantry, aide-de-camp; First Lieut. H. E. Ely, Twenty-second Infantry, Brigade Quartermaster and Acting Commissary of Subsistence ; Second Lieut. W. D. Connor, Corps of Engineers, acting aide-de-camp; and Second Lieut. A. P. Hayne, Bat- tery A, California Volunteer Heavy Artillery, acting aide-de-camp. They carried my orders to all parts of the field during these operations. They have my thanks for the courage and ability with which they conveyed my orders. Maj. G. F. Shields, Brigade Surgeon of Volunteers, rendered valuable service in bringing wounded from the most exposed places and in many instances conveying my orders under the heaviest fire of the enemy. Very respectfully, LOYD WHEATON, Brigadier General, U. S. V., Comvianding . Headquarters Third Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Malolos, P. I., April IS, 1899. Adjutant General, U. S. A., Washington, D. C. Sir: At 1 o'clock a. m. the llth instant I received a dispatch from the commanding officer at Bigaa that the enemy had attacked in force at Bocaue ; that he was attacked OREGON VOLUNTEERS TN SPANISH WAR. 551 and that he wanted reinforcements. In compliance with instiuctlous from Major Gen- eral MacArthur, commanding Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, I immediately proceeded (on foot) in the direction of points attaclred, taking with me a detachment of twenty-five men of the Fourth U. S. Cavalry (dismounted) under command of Lieut. Charles Boyd, Fourth U. S. Cavalry. Upon reaching a company of the Thirteenth Min- nesota Volunteer Infantry, encamped two and one half miles south of Malolos and along the railroad track, I found an additional company had been sent there from Guiguinto. I directed the company to follow me, and also one platoon of the other company. Upon arriving at the bridge, one mile or less from Guiguinto, I ordered the company there to follow me. I arrived at Guiguinto as the enemy attacked the outposts. The commanding offlcer seemed to have made no adequate preparations for combat. I immediately deployed the whole force, amounting to about four hundred men, along the railroad track, and pushed, by hand, the armored train lying there into position to command the ground east and north of Guiguinto. The enemy now attacked by firing from all the bamboo thickets and timber near the station and north and east of the depot. I opened flre from the six-pound rifle and Hotchkiss revolving cannon and two machine guns on the armored train. The whole infantry line opened flre and before daylight the enemy was driven off and dispersed. I then proceeded to Bigaa, taking the troops at Guiguinto with me and leaving the detach- ment Fourth U. S. Cavalry to guard the station until relieved by troops sent from Malolos by the division commander. The armored train I had pushed by hand. Drove the enemy from the vicinity of Bigaa and taking the troops there, excepting detachment left as guard, proceeded to Bocaue. Upon arriving within a mile of that place I found the troops yet engaged. OiDened on the enemy with machine guns and attacked him with infantry deployed in extended order, and drove him in flight in the direction of Santa Maria and east of Bocaue. Found that there had been a spirited combat at Bocaue and that the four companies of infantry in the vicinity had preserved the railroad intact and had inflicted loss upon the enemy. Learned that the three companies of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry at Mari- lao had been attacked by about four hundred rebels, who were driven off. The telegraph line between Bocaue and Marilao had been cut in several places and it was not until afternoon that the line was restored. The enemy had attacked in considerable force all the places held by troops from Marilao to Guiguinto, inclusive ; he was beaten ofl' every- where by daylight, and driven from the vicinity of all stations before 6.30 A. m. I ordered four companies. Second Oregon from Malinta and two from Marilao, and with two com- panies. Second Oregon at Bocaue, assembled at that point two battalions of the regiment and had there the entire Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. Major General MacArthur sent me from Malolos one 3.2-inch gun and one Hotchkiss revolving cannon. At daylight the morning of the 12th instant I moved on Santa Maria with this force. Opened upon the position and intrenchments of the enemy at tliat place with artillery and advanced the infantry in extended order. The enemy, eleven companies of infantry, offered a feeble resistance and fled north and east of Santa Maria. Sent strong detachments on all north and east roads. They pursued the enemy in every direction, but were unable to come up with him, as he had dispersed. Returned to Bocaue during tlie afternoon and from there sent troops to the several stations they occupied before the enemy's attack upon the points held by our troops along the railroad. From information obtained from prisoners and from escaped Spanish refugees it was learned that this attack upon our communications was made under the orders and supervision of Aguinaldo, who was at Santa Maria the 11th instant. The loss of the enemy, as near as could be ascertained, was about two hundred and fifty killed and wounded. Thanks are due Col. Owen Summers, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, for prompt cooperation, and to Capt. H. C!. Cabell for ably assisting me; also to First Lieut. F. D. Webster, Twentieth U. S. Infantry, aide-de-camp, and First Lieut. H. E. Ely, Twenty- 552 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. second U. S. Infantry, Acting Assistant Quartermaster and Acting Commissary of Sub- sistence. Major Bell, U. S. Volunteer Engineers of Major General MacArthur's staff, rendered valuable service on the 12th instant, and had charge of an important recon- noissance made from Santa Maria. Very respectfully, LOYD WHEATON, Brigadier General, U. S. V., Commanding. Report of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Operations of His Regiment, March 24 to 31, 1899. Headquartkrs Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., In the Field, Malinta, P. I., April 10, 1899. Assistant Adjutant General., Third Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Malolos, P.I. Sir: In compliance with instructions, I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of my command from March 24 to 31, 1899, inclusive: In compliance with written instructions of the brigade commander, dated March 2.3, 1899, field staff, noncommissioned staff. First Battalion, Maj. Percy Willis, commanding ; Company B, Capt. John C. May, commanding, First Lieut. Frank B. Hamlin, Second Lieut. E. Thornton, and eighty-one men ; Company E, Capt. R. E. Davis, commanding, First Lieut. T. N. Dunbar, Second Lieut. M. S. Jameson, and sixty-seven men ; Company I, First Lieut. M. D. Phillips, commanding, Second Lieut. J. U. Campbell, and seventy- seven men ; Capt. J. M. Poorman, commanding, First Lieut. W. E. Finzer, Second Lieut. C. R. Platts, and seventy-nine men; Second Battalion, Maj. P. G. Eastwick, Jr., com- manding; Company C, Capt. W. S. Moon, commanding. First Lieut. R. S. Huston, and seventy-eight men; Company F, Capt. J. F. Case, commanding. First Lieut. Edwin Grimm, Second Lieut. C. H. Meussdorffer, Jr., and seventy-three men; Company G, Capt. R. H. Barber, commanding. Second Lieut. D. J. Sutton, and seventy-four men ; Company K, Capt. E. O. Worrick, commanding. Second Lieut. C. A. Murphy, and eighty men; Third Battalion, Capt. H. L. Heath, commanding; Company A, First Lieut. F. S. Kelly, commanding, Second Lieut. J. A. Young, and eighty-four men ; Company D, Capt. A. F. Prescott, commanding, First Lieut. George A. Hartman, Jr., and seventy-six men; Company L, Capt. H. C. Wells, commanding. First Lieut. George F. Telfer, and sixty-nine men ; Hospital detachment, U. S. Hospital Corps, First Lieut. C. F. de May, nine men, and wagon train, left Camp Hughes at 7.30 o'clock a. m. on the morning of March 24, 1899, and marched to Caloocan, a distance of about five miles, arriving at 9.30 a. m. At nightfall companies entered the trenches, and remained during the night, relieving the Twentieth Kansas, U. S. Volunteers, March 25, 1899. March 25, 1899, after receiving instructions from the brigade commander, left trenches at 8.30 o'clock A. M., forming a skirmish line on the extreme left of the line, the Twenty- second U. S. Infantry being on the right, and advanced upon the enemy. Were met by very hot flre and resistance on the part of the enemy from all sides and from Malabon. Took trenches by successive charges and rushes, and drove the enemy in disorder across the Tuliahan River, east of Malabon. During the advance, Company G, Lieutenant Han- nay commanding, and Company M, Captain Day commanding; Third U. S. Infantry, and one company of the First Montana, U. S. Volunteer Infantry, reported to me on the line for duty, and remained with my command during the evening, doing excellent service. Arriving at the river the line was extended from the causeway leading into Malabon on the left, to the right of the stone bridge across the Tuliahan River on the right, Companies A, L, and D, on the left, throwing up inlrenchments. During the day a continual flre was kept up by the insurgent sharpshooters in and about Tinajeros and from Malabon trenches on the left. At this point was stationed a revolving Hotchkiss cannon, under charge of Corporal Dusenberry, Utah Battery, to whom too much praise OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 553 can uot be given for the excellent work and execution done by him. Toward evening the flre from the enemy, was silenced, and, in accordance .with instructions, bivouaclied for the night. Distance traveled, two miles. The following morning, in compliance with instructions, regiment crossed the river and entered Tinajeros, and forming line of skirmishers, facing toward Polo and Obando, with the Third Battalion as reserve, advanced about one thousand yards and await- ing orders. At 11 o'clock a. m. in compliance with orders, the line was advanced par- allel with road leading to Bulacan ; here the enemy was encountered, very strongly intrenched in a series of trenches, which were taken by successive charges in face of a hot flre from the enemy in front, a flank flre on the right from across the Tuliahan River, and also from trenches obout one thousand flve hundred to two thousand yards on the left flank north of Malabon, covered by heavy bamboo thickets. Enemy were entirely dislodged, and retreated in disorder toward Bulacan and Polo. There being no enemy in front of us, returned, under orders, to Malinta, and went into camp, arriving at 4.30 o'clock p. M. Distance traveled, about seven miles. The enemy estimated at about two thousand five hundred to three thousand strong and their loss in killed and wounded was considerable. After the advance upon the enemy was commenced. Prince Loewenstein (with com- panion) was found mortally wounded inside insurgent lines taken by our forces, having previously passed through our lines ; was warned by commanding officer not to go far- ther than advance guard, but insisted upon going. When warned by the commanding officer that he went at his own peril and risk, replied that he understood so, and that he went at his own risk. March 27, iS99.— Companies A, L, and M took station at Caloocan and performed train-guard duty, the remaining companies remaining in camp at Malinta. Marches, JS99.— Companies D and E, Captain Prescott commanding, took station at Malabon, and performed guard and patrol duty. Major Willis, in command of Company I (Lieutenant Phillips), and one platoon of Company B (Captain May) left camp atSo'clock a. M.,and marched north to Polo, enter- ing from the east over stone bridge. Passed through Polo to Obando Church, marched south on Malabon road one mile and turned west, crossing several sloughs on bamboo bridges, and entered Malabon from the north; large buildings in the southern part of town were burning. Many natives and Chinese in city. On leaving city, marched south- west on causeway leading to Caloocan. One section (twenty feet) of stone bridge des- troyed, causeway cut in places, and trenches thrown up. Returned to camp at 3.45 p. m. Distance traveled, about twelve miles. Major Eastwick, in command of Company C (Captain Moon), and one platoon of Company G (Lieutenant Sutton) left camp at 8.30 a. m. Marched east about two miles ; country deserted, with the exception of a few old men and women. At a point about two miles from camp, advance guard sighted a number of natives carrying bundles and going northeast. Were flred upon on refusing to halt. After going east, moved in col- umn of flies northwest, captured two natives with knives. Formed in skirmish line and advanced two miles north and northwest, crossing railroad, and returned through Polo district, arriving at 12.35 p. m. Distance traveled, about six miles. No casualties. March 29, ;S99.— Major Willis's Battalion, Companies B and I, left camp at 1.45 p. m. and marched northeast about flve miles, from which point many natives— women, children, and some men (a few in uniform), were seen going north. Forced skirmish line and turned west. Natives scattered in all directions. Traveled west two and one half miles ; then southwest three and one half miles to near railroad bridge ; then south on railroad, arriving at camp at 8 o'clock p. m. Distance traveled thirteen ond one half miles. Eleven prisoners captured. No casualties. March SO and 31, 1899.— Different companies of the regiment retained relative posi- tions of preceding day, performing guard, outpost, and patrol duty. In concluding this, my report, I wish to respectfully call your attention to the great appreciation of myself toward every officer and member of my command for their strict compliance with orders and the successful termination of every duty assigned to them. 554 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. It would be impossible for me at this time to make any specific mention of any officer or member of my regiment for any conspicuous bravery or actions during these several engagements, as every one proved equal to the tasks assigned them and performed them to the very best of their ability. However, I will have communications sent to the com- manding officers of the several organizations of this regiment and ask them for their report on any meritoi-ious cases of conspicuous bravery while in action, and will for- ward the same to you if, in my judgment, they are worthy of your consideration. Respectfully, O. Summers, Colonel Second Oregon Infantry, U. 8. V. Casualtie.i. —Murch 25, 1899: Birt J.Clark, private. Company A, killed; William A. Cook, private, Company D, killed ; Guy Millard, private. Company L, killed ; L. V. Strawderman, private, Company L, killed; H. B. Taj-lor, private. Company L, killed ; H. K. Wells, captain Company L, wounded in stomach by spent ball ; A. J. Brazee, lirst lieutenant Company E, and battalion adjutant, wounded in left forearm; George C. Snyder, private, Company A, wounded in upper right chest; Frank H. Thompson, pri- vate. Company A, wounded in head; William B. Ungermau, private, Company A, wounded in scrotum and right thigh ; Herman P. Adams, private, Company B, wounded below heart; William J. Armitage, private. Company B, wounded in arm; Elvin J. Crawford, wagoner, Company C, wounded in head; Bert B. Chandler, private, Company C, wounded in head ; Earl Mount, private. Company C, wouuded in right arm : Elmer C. Roberts, private. Company C, wounded in right side ; James E. Snodgrass, private, Company C, wounded in right knee ; James West, first sergeant. Company D, wounded in right arm and left leg ; Lee A. Morelock, sergeant. Company D, wounded in left foot ; J. C. Headlie, private. Company D, wounded in right arm and upper chest; W. E. Searcy, private, Company D, wounded through both buttocks; Asa L. Roberts, corporal. Company D, wounded in left ankle; John E. Davis, private, Company E, wounded in left shoulder ; Jacob N. Smith, private. Company E, wounded in head ; Charles Ruedy, private. Company F, wounded in head ; Charles A. Marcy, private. Company G, wounded in right side; Albert N. Jordan, private, Company G, wounded in both legs; Eugene Sampson, private. Company G, wounded in right arm ; George Eichhamer, pri- vate, Company G, wounded in abdomen; George W. Spicer, pi-ivate. Company G, wounded in upper jaw ; Rudolph Gantenbein, corporal, Company I, wounded in right leg; Ray L. Antrim, private. Company K, wounded in left leg; Emmet L. Jones, pri- vate, Company K, wounded in back; John Jensen, private, Company K, wounded in left thigh ; William F. Schwarz, private. Company K, wounded in left shoulder; W. W. Wilson, sergeant. Company L, wounded in right hand ; Guy N. Saunders, private, Com- pany L, wounded in right arm and neck ; C. E. Saunders, private. Company L, wounded in left leg; Charles R. Rubart, private. Company L, wounded in right leg; W. T. Allen, private. Company L, wounded in thigh ; B. F. Dunseth, private, Companj^ L, wounded in right foot; John A. Bailey, private. Company L, wounded in right arm and hand ; Frank E. Adams, private. Company L, wounded in right side; Brady F. Burnett, cor- poral, Company M, wounded in right shoulder ; L. H. Holland, corporal, Company M, wounded in left shoulder; John Blosser, private. Company M, wounded in back side of face; Emmet Casper, private. Company M, wounded in right foot ; A. J. Galifl", private. Company M, wounded in right arm ; Ed. J. Colgan, quartermaster-sergeant. Company K, injured in leg by piece of bursting shell striking leg; Edward Jaques, private. Com- pany M, injured in left hand by rifle exploding. March 25, is.99.— Leo B. Grace, private. Company A, wounded in neck ; Frank Wood- ruff", private. Company C, wounded in left heel; Richard E. Brickdale, Jr., private, Company F, wounded in left leg; E. C. Thornton, private. Company G, w-.mnded in left hand; Frank E. Edwards, corporal. Company M, wounded through both legs; Daniel C. Bowman, private, Compauy D, injured in hand by accidental discharge of rifle. REPORT OF MAJ. GEN. H. W. LAWTON, U. 8. V., OP SAN ISIDKO OR NORTHERN EXPEDITION, APRIL 22 TO MAY 30, 1899. Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I., September 26, 1S99. Adjutant General United States Army, Washington. D. C. Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of an expedi- tion in the provinces of Bnlaean, Nueva Eci.ja, and Pampanga, covering the period April 21 to May 30, 1899. The object of this expedition was to operate in the country north of Manila, between the mountains on the east and the Rio Grande de Pampanga on the west, with San Miguel as the Hrst objective. It was arranged that the main column should assemble at La Loma Church on the evening of the 21st of April and march to Novaliches the 22d, thence to San Jos6 the 22d and to Norzagaray the 24th ; that a second column under Colonel Summers, of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, should march from Bocaue the 23d and join the main column at Norzagaray the 24th. In the mean time General MacArthur was to attack at Calumpit April 24th ; carrying that place he was to proceed northeast and form a junction with this column at or near San Miguel. The arrival of this column at Norzagary and on the flank of the enemy on the date fixed for the attack on Calumpit was arranged with the purpose of attracting the atten- tion of the enemy in that position, and holding as large a force in that vicinity as pos- sible to prevent the reenforeement of Calumpit. As will be observed from the following report, many changes necessarily occurred in the original plan, and the objective was, after the fall of San Miguel, extended to San Isidro. To carry out the verbal instructions received from the department commander, the following orders were issued : General Orders, | Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, No. 20. ) Manila, P. I., April 19, 1899. The following named troops of this command will hold themselves in readiness to march on receipt of notice: Twenty-second U. S. Infantry. Gale's squadron. Fourth U. S. Cavalry (dismounted). First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry. Two field guns, Scott's battery (D, Sixth Artillery). Two mountain guns, Hawthorne's separate battery. The command will bo supplied with ten days' rations, and each man will carry on his person 100 rounds of aniinniiltion, and !(H> rounds per man will be taken in reserve. The iJuarterinsisicr's Depart )ii(iit will iLifnish the necessary transportation. As trans- portation is very limited, the (•..niniand must he equipped in the lightest possible marching order. Nolhins whatever will be permitted to be transported except rations and ammunition and the least possible equipment for officers. Wagons must be loaded to 3,000 pounds and carts to 1,500 pounds, exclusive of forage taken for the animals. The chief quartermaster of the division will temporarily perform the duties of chief commissary of subsistence. 556 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The teams on the march will be under the control of the chief iinnrtorinastor and will march in the rear of the command in the order wliicli llic t roups arc nian-hed. The regimental and battalion trains will he in diaru.' ..t ilir iv.nini.'ntal and battalion quartermasters, or, in case there is no snch orticcr. tlicn a suitable and coniiictent ser- geant, who will report to and be under the direction of the chief quartermaster on the march. ('apt. G. H. G. Gale, Fourtli U. S. Cavalry, is announced «s provost marshal of the expedition, and his squadron will form the provost guard. Straggling, looting, pillag- ing, burning, or the commis.sion of any unlawful excesses on the part of any member of this command is prohibited, and the provost marshal will exert himself to prevent the The officers representing tlie various start' corps on duty at these headquarters will be held responsible that their respective departments are properly equipped and provided for any emergency that may arise on tliis exi)odition. The inspector geniial will ascertain by jx-rsonal investigation that the command is properly equipped and supplied as contemplated in this order. ^ ^,, Communication will be maintained with this command on this expedition by field telegraph. Capt. E. A. McKenna, U. S. Volunteer Signal Corps, who has been acting as chief signal officer of this di\ ision, will take the necessary steps to accomplish this object. By command of Major General Lawton : Clarence R. Edwards, Assista7it Adjutant General. In addition to those mentioned in the above order, the following-named organizations were detached from the Second Division for duty with the expedition : Two battalions (Companies F, G, H, M, and A, C, K, L), Third U. S. Infantry; two battalions (Com- panies A, B, I, L, and F, G, K), Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry; two battalions (Companies G, K, L, M, and C, D, E, H), Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry; Troop I, Fourth U. S. Cavalry (mounted), and one gun, Utah Volunteer Light Artillery. The battalions of the Third Infantry were camped north of this city near La Loma Church; the other organizations were farther north and in the vicinity of the railway. It was arranged by the department commander that, with the exception of the bat^ talions of the Third Infantry, the troops from the Second Division would concentrate at Bocaue, and, marching via Santa Maria, make a juncture with the main column at or near Norzagaray. Maj. C. G. Starr, inspector general, U. S. V., was sent, April 21, to Bocaue to conduct that column. At 5 o'clock p. M., April 21, ISitO, the troops mentioned in General Orders No. 21, cur- rent series, these headquarters given above, were concentrated near La Loma Church, about four miles north of Manila, in obedience to verbal instructions conveyed by staff officers, and bivouacked for the night. The battalions of the Third Infantry, Capt. J. W. Han nay, of that regiment, com- manding, were encamped about a mile distant. Captain Hannay reported his command for duty M'ith the expedition, and received verbal instructions to join the column directed to march next morning, as indicated in the following order: General Field Orders, | Headquarters First Division, No. 1. J Eighth Army Corps, In the Meld, near La Loma Church, Manila, April U, 1899. This command will march at 5 o'clock to-morrow morning, the 22d instant, in the fol- lowing order: , ^ First North Dakota Vqjunteer Infantry, which will constitute the advance guard of this command. Hawthorne's separate mountain battery. Twenty-second U. S. Infantry. Third U. S. Infantry. Scott's platoon, Dyer's Battery. Gale's squadron. Fourth U. S. Cavalry, which will constitute the rear guard of this command. ^ The trains will form on the road in the above order, as indicated in General Orders, No. 20, current series, these headquarters, under the charge of the chief quartermaster. The rear guard will march in rear of the wagon trains. No one, other than those authorized, will march with the trains. These authorized persons will be provided with written authority approved by the commanding officer of their regiment. Under no circumstances will any person be permitted to ride on wagons or carts. Ambulances will n\arch in rear of troops just in advance of the wagon train. Proper and suitable dispositions will be made by the commanders of advance guards to insure the saiei \ ot tlie command on the march. In columns the sharpshooters will be held in readiness to be instantlv deploved on either flank in caseof attack or alarm. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 557 The march will be in the direction of Novaliches. A staff officer will accompany the advance guard to indicate the road. , . , ,. ^ .^ ,.. , - The Signal Corps detachment will operate under the instructions of the chief signal The principles set forth above will obtain on the march until further orders. With the exception of the artillery, which will retain its relative position in column, oraniza- tions will advance in column daily, the advance guard of one day forming the rear guard of the day following. By command of Major General Law ton: ^ ^^ ^ Cl^ARENCE R. EDWAimS, Assistant Adjutant Oeneral. As reported by their respective commanding officers the effijctive strength of the several organizations forming the command at La Loma was as follows : Officers. M.... 17 22 3 21 1 683 945 218 North Dakota Volmitoer Infantry (8 companies) Scott's platoon (1), Sixth Artillery) Hawthorne's separate mountain battery 453 82 23 66 2,354 At 5 o'clock A. M., April 22d, the column formed and marched northward toward Novaliches. After proceeding about six miles a small force of the enemy was encountered. But little resistance was met, the enemy falling back rapidly on the deployment of the first five companies of the North Dakotas. After driving the enemy for about a mile, column was reformed and the march continued. The enemy in greater force was developed about a mile farther on, meeting our advance with a determined resistance, pouring in a Are from both sides of the road. Four companies of the North Dakotas were deployed and brought into action, routing the insurgents, who were driven back about two miles across the Rio de Tuliahan and through Novaliches, which was occupied by our troops about 10 a. m. Our casualties were two enlisted men. First North Dakotas, wounded, and several cases of heat prostration. Considerable difficulty was experienced in crossing the transportation over the river, the north bank of which is .solid rock through which no suitable approach to the ford for wagons had ever been constructed. During the afternoon the pickets of the Twenty-second Infantry on the northeast side of the village were fired on by the enemy, who was intrenched on a hillside near the San Mateo road, about one thousand seven hundred yards distant. Scott's artillery platoon was brought into position, and with shell and shrapnel temporarily silenced the enemy, scattering shots continuing throughout the night. An ambulance had been telegraphed for to take in the wounded men whose condition was so serious as to prevent their continuing with the expedition. It arrived about midnight and immediately returned to Manila, reaching there next morning without incident. It seemed probable that the insurgents who had moved ofl' to the northeast would close in behind us on our advance to the northward next morning and destroy our telegraph line. An additional supply of ammunition would be needed if continued opposition was met along the line of march. Both of these matters were brought to the attention of the department commander, and information received that a detachment would be sent to keep up the telegraph line as long as possible and that additional ammunition would be supplied in a few days. The town being entirely deserted by the inhabitants, the troops occupied nipa huts as quarters for the night. Everything of value including rice and other provisions, had been removed before the arrival of our troops. 558 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. At 5 o'clock next morning, the 23d Instant, the command was again on the move northward, San Jose being the objective point. Telegraphic instructions were sent Major Starr, at Bocaue, to push his cavalry for- ward and open communication with the main column when near Norzagaray. On leaving Novaliches the road which up to that village had been, with the exception of the approaches to the ford, passable for wagons and carts, now became a mere foot- path. Great difHculty was experienced in moving the wagon train, the "road" leading over a succession of hills and through deep valleys. On the former the troops and animals were exposed to the burning rays of the sun and in the latter they labored through jungle and mud holes. The trail was rough, and the heat so intense it was necessary to unhitch the carabao on many of the divides and lead them down to the water holes to soak for half an hour, thus greatly impeding the progress of the train. Headquarters Third and Twenty-second regiments of infantry and Scott's artillery platoon reached the ford crossing the Pasunkambor River, about two miles south of San Jos6, at 3.30 o'clock p. m., and rested for the night. The squadron — Fourth Cavalry, Hawthorne's Battery, and the North Dakotas, with the wagon train, went into camp about four miles in rear ; the men and animals being almost completely exhausted. The advance during the day had been without contact with the enemy. Early next morning, April 24th, the Twenty-second Infantry and Scott's artillery platoon were sent forward, accompanied by Capl. W. E. Birkhimer, of the division staff, to reconnoiter the town of San Jos6. None of the enemy was encountered and the town was occupied about 8 o'clock a. m. The Third United States Infantry was posted at the approaches to the ford, where the advance portion of the column had rested the night before, to protect the passage of the transportation. The remainder of the command, with the wagon train, resumed the advance toward the river. The same conditions (or worse, if possible) as on the daj' previous continued to impede the progress of the wagon train. Captain Gale, with his dismounted squadron of the Fourth Cavalry, furnished the advance guard and convoy of the train, and with his entire command rendered valuable aid assisting in building bridges and making roads. IJeutenant Hawthorne, with his mountain battery detachment, Maj. George Penrose and Lieutenant Kemp, of the Medical Corps, with their hospital squads and Chinese litter bearers, lent willing hands to overcome what frequently appeared insur- mountable obstacles to further progress. But of the North Dakotas, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Treuinann, it is desired to express special appreciation. They exchanged their well-performed duties of advance guard of the day before for the labor- ious ones of rear guard of the two days necessary to reach Norzagaray. This regiment had orders to leave nothing behind, and literally carried transportation over bad places and put squads of men in the shafts to replace worn out and dead bulls. Every service — even to the use of pick and shovel — was performed by each, from the colonel down to the private, with the commendable earnestness that has given this regiment its reputa- tion for cheerful and effective accomplishment of any task set it. About 1 o'clock p. M., April 24th, Lieutenant Boyd with his mounted Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, reached San Jos6, bringing information of the arrival of the Bocaue column, under Colonel Summers, at Norzagaray; returning to Norzagaray with his troops the same day. The wagon train of the main column arrived at San .lose during the night. Both men and animals completely worn out. For the movement on the morning of April 25th the following instructions were given: Headquarters First Division a>'d Eighth Army Corps, San Jose, Luzon, April ZU, 1899. memorandum circular. The command will be prepared to march as usual to-morrow, the 25th instant, as soon as it is practicable to get the transportation on the road. Each separate command will OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 559 be accompanied by its transportation and is charged with the assistance and safe con- duct of the same. Captain Gale's squadron of the F'ourth Cavalry will accompany the commanding general as escort. With the above exception, the command will move out in the follow- ing order: Third U. S. Infantry, advance guard. Hawthorne's mountain battery. First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry. Scott's artillery platoon. Ambulances. Twenty-second Infantry, rearguard. Transportation will be carefully inspected and loads reduced to the minimum. By command of Major General Lawton : Ci.AKENCB R. Edwards, Assistant Adiutant General. As directed, the column resumed the advance in the morning at the usual hour. The commanding general and staff', accompanied by Troop L, Fourth Cavalry, as escort, moved out without waiting for the column, headquarters arriving at Norzagaray about 12.30 P. M. without incident, the escort coming in about an hour later. Colonel Summers reported that his column had left Bocaue April 23d ; that soon after crossing the Rio Guyon at 2.45 p. M. the enemy was encountered by the cavalry, which was in advance; a battalion of the Oregon was deployed and the advance continued, meeting with but slight resistance until the bluflfs overlooking Norzagaray were reached; here two battalions and the cavalry engaged the enemy until darkness came on, when they rested for the night. On the following morning the enemy was driven out of Norgazaray and across the river, the town being occupied about 7 A. m. Our casualties: Three enlisted men. Thirteenth Minnesota, and one enlisted man. Fourth Cavalry, wounded ; one horse killed. He had then sent a battalion of the Thir- teenth Minnesota down the river toward Angat to reconnoiter the road in that direc- tion. Captain Heath's battalion, Second Oregon, and Troop I, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, were sent toward San Jos^ to open communication with the main column. Major Eastwick's battalion of the Second Oregon, Captain Spear's battalion of the Thirteenth Minnesota, and detachment of Utah Volunteer Light Artillery left Norza- garay about 6 o'clock the morning of the 25th and advanced toward Angat. The enemy was encountered in considerable force. After a spirited engagement, during which the artillery was brought into action, the insurgents evacuated the town and took up a position across the river, the Are from which was silenced; a portion of the town was burned, and the troops returned to Norzagaray. Casualties: One enlisted man. Thir- teenth Minnesota, wounded. While the engagement at Angat was in progress troops in camp at Norzagaray were fired on by the enemy from across the river ; this kept up for some time, but was finally silenced. The effective strength of the Bocaue column was as follows : Troop I, Fourth Infantry Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry Detachment Utah Volunteer Light Artillery Total . Which, with the main column, gave a grand total of one hundred and sixteen officers and four thousand four hundred and seventy-three men. April 26th the Third and Twenty-second Infantry, the first Norlh Dakota, and Haw- thorne's mountain battery were put into camp at Angat. The following orders were issued reorganizing the troops from the Second Division (Bocaue column): 560 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. General Field Orders, ) Headquarters First Division, No. 2. i Eight Army Corps. Xorzagnray, Luzon, April 26, 1899. (1) The First and Second battalions, Second Orggon Volunteer Infantry, and the Second and Third battalions. Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, having reported at these headtjuarters in obedience to Field Orders No. 21, headquarter.s Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, April 20, lSf)9, are constituted a provi-sional brigade. (2) Colonel Summers, Second Oregon Infantry, is assigned to command the provis- ional brigade, constituted in the preceding paragraph. (3) Troop I, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, having reported at thesp headquarters in compli- ance with verbal instructions from the commanding general Second Division, Eighth Armj' Corps, will report for duty under the immediate direction of the Division com- mander. (4) The section of the Utah Volunteer light artillery which reported at these head- quarters in compliance with verbal instructions from the commanding general Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, is attached to Scott's platoon. Battery D, Sixth Artillerv. The section commander will accordingly report without delay. (5) Commanding olHcers will frequently inspect their transportation and keep the loads at the minimum. (6) In view of the small amountof ammunition with the command, every precaution will be taken to prevent its unnecessary use. By command of Major General Lawton : Clarence R. Edwards, Assistant Adjutant General. April 26th the mounted troop was sent on reconnoissance along the west bank of river, and about two miles west from Angat, toward Marunco, encountered the enemy in foi-ce, reported to be about live hundred,— two hundred being actually counted by Captain Birkhimer, of the division staff. At the same time one battalion of the Oregon's under Major Eastwick forded the river just above Norzagaray and drove the enemy from the country opposite Marunco. Major Eastwick reported an insurgent loss of six or seven killed and nine prisioners captured. On the morning of April 27th the troops at Norzagaray, with the exception of Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, moved down the left bank of the river to Angat and went into camp at that point, except Colonel Summers's brigade, which continued down the river and went into camp at Marunco. On the report of Lieutenant Boyd that the enemy was trying to cross the river at Norzagaray, two companies of the Twenty-second Infantry were sent from Angat to that point April 27th. April 28th, Capt. J. F. Case, acting engineer ofl3cer of the expedition, escorted by one battalion each of the Oregon and Minnesota regiments, commanded by Major Diggles, made a reconnoissance north from Angat for the purpose of locating any roads or trails leading in that direction. The enemy was developed in small force, but was soon dis- persed by a flank movement. The party then returned to Marunco, having failed to find a road of any description other than a narrow sled path. Telegraphic communication was established with Manila, via Bocaue, April 28th, and the occupation of Marunco reported to the adjutant general of the department, as was also a contemplated movement on San Rafael, to take place the day following. For this movement two columns were organized: One, consisting of the Provisional Brigade and Hawthorne's mountain battery, under command of Colonel Summers, to move down the right bank of the river and occupy San Rafael ; the other consisting of the First North Dakota, Third U. S. Infantry, and Scott's artillery platoon, to move down the left bank, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Treumann, to support Colonel Summers. Early next morning, April 29th, instructions were given for this movement as indicated ; and at 4.33 A. m. the adjutant general of the department was informed that the move- ment on San Rafael had commenced : that if hostilities were to cease telegraphic notice should be given at once. The troops which did not participate in the movement on San Rafael remained at their camps at Angat and Norzagaray, under the command of Maj. L. Parker, Twenty- second Infantry. The transportation of the participating organizations was left behind with suitable guard detachments in readiness to be promptly brought forward if oidered. After waiting a reasonable time for instructions from department headquarters, the division commander and staff proceeded down the left bank of the river and joined OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 561 Colonel Treumann's column, which, later, developed the enemy, estimated to be about three hundred strong, just before reaching a point opposite San Rafael. After about one hour's spirited engagement, during which the enemy had been driven some dis- tance, telegraphic instructions were received from the department commander that the command remain at Angat until it receive its supplies. This telegram had been received at Angat at 9.08 A. si. and hurriedly brought forward by mounted courier. Reply was immediately sent that the intention to move on San Rafael had been telegraphed the night before; that notice of the commencement of the movement had been given that morning; that the command would return to Angat as directed ; and that the possibility of encamping our advance near San Rafael had been considered. A brief account of the operations of the morning was also given. Verbal instructions for the return to Angat were at once given Lieutenant Colonel Treumann and sent Colonel Summers, of whom nothing had as yet been heard. The former had dispersed the enemy, inflicting some loss, although but one killed fell into our hands, with him his rifle and eighty-six rounds of ammunition. Our casualties were Second Lieut. C. C. Todd, Third Infantry, slight gunshot wound, right thigh; two enlisted men, Third Infantry, and one First North Dakota, wounded, the latter seriously. Colonel Summers's column on the right bank of the river had advanced to and occupied San Rafael without meeting opposition. As ordered, this command, as well as that which had driven the enemy down the left bank, returned to the camps of the night previous, necessarily permitting the enemy to reoccupy San Rafael should he so desire. During the morning of April 29th a telegram was received from the adjutant general of the department informing that rations would be sent from Bocaue Sunday morning, April 30th ; that representatives of the insurgent army were in Manila, and that every- thing would "be peaceful, at least while they are in our lines ;" also, that the orders to advance on San Miguel might be changed. Reply was made that rations would be received at Angat, and receipt of information concerning peaceful conditions and possible change of objective acknowledged. Later in the day, after the return of all the troops to their original positions, a tele- gram was received from the adjutant general of the department, stating that it was not necessary the "entire force should return, but suflJcient of it to insure safety of train" and return of escort from Angat; that the armistice requested by the insurgents had not been granted ; and that on moving, our next objective would be Baliuag, "where a considerable force of the enemy was reported to be. With the exception of the escort and wagons which were sent to Bocaue to bring up supplies, the command remained in camp, the Provisional Brigade at Marunco, near Angat; Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, at Norzagaray, headquarters; and the remainder of the expedition at Angat, April 30th. A detachment of scouts was organized consisting of. twenty-five specially qualified enlisted men, selected from the organizations in the command, and an experienced civilian scout (Mr. W. H. Young) was employed as chief scout and placed in charge. On the morning of May 1st, Troop I, Fourth United States Cavalry, was ordered to Join the command at Angat and, with a view to resuming the forward movement at the earliest possible moment, the following orders were issued : General Fiei.d Orders, ) Headquarters First Division, No. 4. J Eighth Army Corps, In the Field, Angat, Luzon, May 1, 1899. If practicable, this command will move to-day as soon as the issue of rations is com- pleted. The order of march will be as follows : Provisional Brigade (Colonel Summers commanding); Gale's squadron. Fourth U. S. Cavalry ; Mounted troop of cavalry ; and Scott's battery will cross the river at a suitable ford and proceed, if possible, doM^ the north bank to San Rafael, where they will encamp for the night. The commanding officer Third Infantry will report his conunand to (lolonel Sum- mers and march under his instructions. 3(5 562 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The mounted troop will accompany the major general commanding. The issue of rations will be made to Colonel Summer's column first, to enable it to commence the crossing as soon as possible of its transportation. The First North Dakota, Twenty-second Infantry, and Hawthorne's battery will pro- ceed down the south bank of the river under command of Lieutenant Colonel Treu- raann (the commanding officer Twenty-second Infantry and battery reporting to Lieu- tenant Colonel Treuman) to a point near or beyond where ihe last skirmish occurred. Maj. C. C. Starr, inspector general, will accompany this column, representing the major general. ,, . A detachment of mounted cavalry will report to Majo ing communication with the column on the north bank A party of scouts specially detailed from these headquarters will precede each col- umn to the point indicated ; but this will not relieve the commanding officer of each column from the responsibility for the proper precaution on the march. By command of Major General Lawton : Clarence R. Edwards, Assistant Adjutant General. Colonel Summers was directed to send to Angat at once for rations and to then com- mence crossing the river. Before noon his command was moving across and down the river, and hy 3 p. m. Lieutenant Colonel Treumann's command had received its rations and was advancing down the left or south bank of the river as ordered. About two miles below the Marunco Ford Colonel Summers's .scouts and advance guard were fired on by sharpshooters, who were speedily dislodged and silenced. When within a mile and a quarter of San Rafael, two of the scouts developed a force of the enemy about two hundred strong, which they drove back toward the main body on a ridge to the right and rear of the town, and held them in check until Lieutenant Colonel Yoran came up with two battalions of the Second Oregon, and forced the enemy back through the town, across the river, and Into the jungle on the opposite bank. The remainder of Colonel Summers's column continued on the road along the river and entered the town about the same time as Lieutenant Colonel Yoran's detachment. The enemy opened a heavy Are on the town from the thickets across the river ; Scott's artil- lery was brought into position by the division commander, within easy rifle range, and by a well-directed Are dispersed the enemy, the column on the south bank cooperating. Our cusualties were : One enlisted man. Thirteenth Minnesota, killed ; one enlisted man, Light Battery D, Sixth Artillery, and three enlisted men, Second Oregon, wounded. The enemy, whose strength was estimated at one thousand, must have suflfered many casualties, although none fell into our hands. The troops on the right bank of the river rested in the town that night; the other column bivouacked on the opposite side of the river. The adjutant general of the corps was informed by telegraph of the result of the day's operations ; that the forward move- ment would be resumed at 5 o'clock next morning (May 2d), and that resistance was expected from there on. Both columns took up the advance down the river next morning as planned, the col- umn marching along the left .bank under command of Lieutenant Colonel Treumann meeting opposition about one mile above Bustos, drove the enemy, and occupied the town without casualty ; shortly afterwards the .scouts crossed the river to Baliuag and announced their arrival by ringing the cathedral bells at 12 noon. The command on the right bank, under Colonel Summers, met the enemy about two miles out from San Rafael, skirmished, driving them for more than two miles, when both troops and noncombatants were .seen fleeing in great confusion along the road to San Miguel and other roads to the west and northwest. Owing to the great number of women and children, and what appeared to be wounded men being carried on litters, our Are ceased and a flag of truce was sent out, hoping it might assure them of safety. Capt. J. F. Case, of the division staflT, Sergt. Maj. J. W. Marshall, Second Oregon Volun- teer Infantry, and Private Edmund Schutehaus, Jr., Company A, First Idaho Volun- teer Infantry, flag orderly, conducted the flag towards these people until when within flve hundred yards the detachment was fired upon and returned to our lines. Colonel Summers's command was then deployed and an effort made to surround and cut oflT the fugitives, but they scattered in the wildest confusion. Captain Gale was sent with his dismounted squadron and mounted troop along the San Miguel road for the pur- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 563 pose of flitting off those who were attempting to escape in that direction. After pro- ceeding about thi-ee miles the enemy opened fire from the front; two troops were deployed and moved forward rapidly on either side of the road, skirmishing with what seemed to be the rear guard of the enemy, until thirty-flve of our men fell from heat and exhaustion, eight of them in a comatose condition. The pursuit was discontinued, and the command proceeded 'cross country to the left and entered Baliuag from the north without further incident. In the operations of May 2d, during which Gen. Gregorio del Pilar's division was routed and the important cities of Baliuag and Bustos occupied by our forces, the col- umn on both sides of the river were engaged, yet our casualties were only two enlisted men. Third Infantry, wounded. The effective work of the scouts since their organization was reported to the adjutant general of the department, as well as the intention to send them to look up the enemy above mentioned as engaged in "concentrating storehouses." Also, permission was requested to send Colonel Summers forward on the San Miguel road to the Maasim River, crossing that night or the following morning. The exaggerated strength of the enemy was pointed out, as well as his demoralized and disintegrating condition and failure, thus far, to offer determined or effective resistance. The impracticability of the country for vehicles off" the roads on account of the daily rains was also reported. In reply authority was given to send Colonel Summers forward as proposed, provided he was "strong enough to take care of himself," and instructions were given to search tor and destroy subsistence stores which the enemy was sending into the Maasim country. Accordingly the following orders were issued : Genbbai. Fielb Orders, ( Headquarters First Division, No. 5. i Eighth Army Corps, In the Field, Baliuag, Luzon, May 3, 1899. The following named troops, fully eq nipped, under command of Col. Owen Summers, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, will proceed as early as practicable to-morrow morning, the 4th instant, on the San Miguel road as far as Maasim and occupy that town : Provisional brigade. Third U. S. Infantry (First and Second Battalions) and the section Utah Volunteer Light Artillery. The artillery and infantry organizations will be immediately reported to Colonel Summers by their respective commanding officers. The chief signal officer will make the necessary arrangements for telegraphic com- munication with this column. By command of Major General Lawton : Clarence R. Edwards, Assistant Adjutant General. Headquakteks First Division, Eighth Army Corps, In the Field, Baliuag, Luzon, May S, 1899. Col. Owen Summers, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, Commanding Erpedition to Maasim; Colonel: With reference to liinieial Field < irders. No. 5, current series, these head- quarters, the m:iji>i- -eiiiTal cDiiiinaiHliiifidirei-tsiiietoinformyou the corps commander is assured that sub-isienre belniiKini; lo the insurgent array is being sent into the country of Maasim for future u.sc. Y(ni will let scouting parties, of sufficient size to insure safety, find and destroy subsistence belonging to insurgent army, respecting private property and reporting amount destroyed. Very respectfully, Clarence R. Edwards, Assistant Adiutant General. Telegraphic communication, via Quinguaand Malolos, was now established, and, in compliance with telegraphic instructions from department headquarters, a company of infantry was sent to the former place for the purpose set forth in the following oi-ders : General Field Orders, ) Headquarters First Division, No. . Suiiimcis, Second ()ret;on N'olunteer Inlanlr.N', to the south bank of the river at Calinnpit ; at that point Colonel Sumniers will report to the adjutant general of the corps. ORKGON VOLUNTKKRS IN SPANISH WAR. 575 The commanding general in relieving this regiment desires to express his apprecia- tion of the efficiency, courage, and uncomplaining endurance constantly shown by its officers and men while on the expedition. By command of Major General Lawlon : Clarence R. Edward.s, Assistant Admtant General. The organizations mentioned in i he above orders left Candaba en route to Calumpit on the morning of the 23d of May. During the day, after the departure of the troops for Calumpit, considerable firing was heard to the eastward in the direction of San Miguel and Baliuag. A battalion of the Twenty-second Infantry, commanded by Captain Ballance, and the detachment of scouts were sent in the direction from which the sound of tiring came, but were unable to discover anything, the swamp preventing their continuing to the San Miguel-Baliuag road. Later it was learned that the troops in San Miguel in obedience to orders from department headquarters had, under command of Captain Hannay, Third Infantry, started to Baliuag to join the garrison at that place; that they met the enemy near San Ildefonso and were engaged almost continuously the rest of the way to Baliuag. The insurgents were in strong force and suffered severely. Captain Hannay is entitled to much credit for the way in which he handled his regiment (ten companies) during a series of difficult .situations. He was prostrated by heat, and as a result of overwork during the expedition was unable until June 3 to report the details of the engagement. Casualties: One enlisted man killed; one officer (Lieut. J. A. McArthur) and four- teen enlisted men. Third Infantry, wounded. Insurgent loss reported at fifty killed and fifty wounded. Duri ng the evening of May 23d telegraphic orders were received from the adj utant gen- eral of the department, breaking up the expedition, and the following orders were issued early next morning: General Field Orders, ) Headquarters First Division, No. 13. \ Eighth Army Corps, In the Field, Candaba, Luzon, May 24, 1899. Pursuant to tele.ijraphic instruetions of the 2:!d instant from headquarters Depart- ment (it the Paciiie ami t:i!;lilli Ariii\- CiM-ps (lie fnllowing movement and reassignment of troops now bclonsini;- lo this (•oiiiniainl aiv onl.Ted: Twcnty-sccoiiii I'.s. Infantry: IIca(b|Uartirs and two battalions to San Fernando; one battalion to ( andalia and San Luis (headquarters and three companies at Candaba, one company at San l>uis). Seventeenth U. S. Infantry to San Fernando. Third U. S. Infantry : Five companies to Baliuag, 4 companies to San Fernando, and 1 company to Quingua. Separate mountain battery (Hawthorne's) to Baliuag. The section Utah volunteer light artillery (1 gun) to Candaba. The squadron Fourth Cavalry (Gale's), Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, the First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry, the battalion Ninth U. S. Infantry, and Scott's platoon. Battery D, Sixth Artillery (3 guns), to Manila. Regimental commanders will designate the battalions of their respective commands for detached service. Troops will not move from their present stations until subsequent orders are received from these headquarters, but will hold themselves in readiness to move promptly. With the exception of those returning to Manila, the troops above mentioned will report by telef,natih to the eoinmandiny: general, Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, when movement is (Mimmriicd and upon ai'iival at new stations. The coinnuinding uincrai in tlius breaki ng u (i tliis expedition desires to express his appreciation of the ellieieney, courage, and uncomplaining endurance constantly shown by the troops composing it. By command of Major General Lawton : Clarence R. Edwards, Assistant Adjutant General. The movement commenced shortly afterwards under verbal orders conveyed by staff officers. Headquarters embarked on the protected launch Oceania by 9 a. m., and pro- ceeded by the river to Calumpit, thence by rail to Malolos, to carry out the instructions from the department commander in regard to distributing and rationing the troops added to General MacArthur's command (Second Division), and to supervise the rear- rangement of the Thirteenth Minnesota guarding the railway. The infantry destined for Manila was shipped in by rail from Calumpit as rapidly as possible, and the artillery, the mounted troops, and the wagons marched overland. In view of the repeated 576 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. attacks of the enemy on the troops returning from San Miguel, It was deemed prudent by the department commander to leave the ten companies Third Infantry and Haw- thorne's two gunsat Balluag, wi'hdrawlng the battalion Twenty-second Infantry and dismounted cavalry as first ordered. However, twocompaniesj Twenty-second Infantry were held temporarily at Quiugua, the other two proceeding to Malolos, where taey were held temporarily. On May 26th it was reported that a force of the enemy was being concentrated in the vicinity of Baliuag, and in-structions were given to the com- manding officer at that point to send out reconnoitering parties in the direction of the enemy to ascertain the facts. A battalion was ordered from San Fernando by the adjutant general of the depart- ment for use in connection with Baliuag if found necessary, and late in the afternoon Roach's battalion of the Seventeenth Infantry arrived at Malolos. Companies D and M, Twenty-second Infantry, were returned to Quingua, making a battalion of that regiment at that point. Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, was also sent there temporarily. One company of the Third Infantry, under Lieutenant Moore of that regiment, developed a force of the enemy in the direction of San Rafael, and being encumbered with two wounded men was forced to continue the engagement until relieved by two more companies, when the enemy was dispersed. Recommendation was made that no more troops be withdrawn from Balluag at that time, as it was an important point which the enemy would doubtless endeavor to recover. General MacArthur sent a staff officer to look after the Baliuag situation, and the whole matter was turned over to him May 26th. The adjutant general of the department was informed that all organizations to return to Manila were en route or would be during the day (May 26th), and instructions requested. Next morning. May 27th, telegraphic instructions were received, in accordance with which headquarters returned to Manila that afternoon, nothing important having devel- oped in the meanwhile. The -wagon train arrived in Manila May 30th, terminating the expedition, although this practically took place at San Isidro when the department commander named Arayat as the next objective. An appendix embodying copies of brief reports rendered to the department com- mander; reports of subordinate commanders which were at the time forwarded ; of cor- respondence, orders, circulars ; in fact, every available record pertaining to the expedi- tion, is hereto attached, and should be read in connection with the text of this report. The medical history of the expedition is succinctly given in the report of the chief surgeon, and forms a part of the appendix. His mention of the North Dakotas is worthy of notice. In addition to the mention of officers and others, already made in this report and its appendix, the following is to be added : From the preliminary work connected with the organization of the expedition until return of headquarters to Manila the adjutant general of the division, Maj. Clarence R. Edwards, Assistant Adjutant General, U. S. V., rendered service worthy of special com- mendation. He participated in the engagements at Novaliches, San Rafael (two), Baliuag (includ- ing the pursuit and fight with the enemy's rear guard on the San Miguel road), and at San Isidro. On all these occasions he exhibited that cool demeanor and disregard of personal danger that have characterized his bearing in the presence of the enemy. The voluminous work of his office was efficiently and promptly disposed of, often under most trying circumstances. His administrative ability, professional zeal, and military talent merit substantial recognition. In the advance from La Loma to Novaliches Capt. William E. Birkhimer, Third U. S. Artillery, acting judge-advocate, was, by order, pre-sent during the entire day with the point of the advance guard. He performed his duties with efficiency, and with the disdain for personal danger when under fire that constantly characterized this officer OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 577 throughout the expedition. His conspicuous gallantry at San Ildefonso and at San Miguel has already been a matter of comment. For the latter engagement he has been recommended for a medal of honor. Upon arrival at Norzagaray there was no other means of communication except by carrier pigeon or courier. A dispatch by the former was sent that day through the cour- tesy of Mr. Bass, of the New York Herald, to whom acknowledgment is due. On the following day, telegraphic communication not having yet been established, it was neces- sary to communicate by messenger. No one had been over the route from Norzagaray to Bocaue since Colonel Summers's advance, and its safety for small parties was prob- lematical. Major Charles Starr, inspector general of the division, was selected for this duty, which he unhesitatingly performed, accompanied only by his personal orderly. At the first battle of San Rafael, April 29th, Major Starr accompanied the advance guard thi-oughout the day. To him, Capt. Robert Sewell, aide, and to Capt. G. H. G. Gale, Fourth Cavali-y, who volunteered his services as aide that day, I desire to express my appreciation. They were subject to a hot Are, but always rendered cool and efficient service. During this battle, just before the enemy was developed, an incident took place that should be mentioned, in that it made known that splendid and gallant man and scout, William H. Young. He, in civilian dress, was noticed walking well in front of the right flankers of the advance point. He was ordered in to be reprimanded and sent to the rear. Something in the man's bearing and demeanor caused a change of intention. He was directed to go to the front and bring in a citizen, that definite information about the location of San Rafael might be obtained. He cheerfully complied, and in less than five minutes three shots were heard ; Young appeared, as cool and collected as ever, bearing a haversack with eighty-six rounds of ammunition, dripping with blood. He had run onto an insurgent post of eight men, alone, killed one and driven the others off. His action prevented a surprise to our advance guard, which was soon under a rapid and hot fire. During the second battle of San Rafel, May 1st, the division and personal staffs were, as usual, constantly under fire. Second Lieut. E. L. King, Eighth U. S. Cavalry, aide reported just before this, his first engagement. His cool demeanor when under a hot fire from across the river, as he stood mounted near the battery, is worthy of special mention. Second Lieut. E. D. Scott, Sixth U. S. Artillery, is deserving of commendation for the intelligent and fearless handling of his battery on this occasion. The energetic pursuit and sharp engagement with the rear guard of the retreating insurgent forces from Baliuag toward San Miguel May 2d has been reported, except the fact that this engagement was under the able command of Capt. G. H. G. Gale, Fourth U. S. Cavalry. Few quartermasters ever had greater difficulties to overcome, and none could have rendered more cheerful and untiring service than did Capt. C. C. Walcutt, chief quarter- master of this division. From the 21st of April to the last day of May he spared him- self neither night nor day in his indefatigable efforts to render the expedition a success. Capt. P. J. Perkins, U. S. Volunteer Corps, by intelligent, indefatigable work kept up telegraphic communication between the front and the base of supply until, after recov- ering the Baliuag-Angat-Bocaue line, he was forced by illness to return to Manila, turn- ing over his department to Capt. E. A. McKenna, U. S. Volunteer Signal Corps. The latter remained in charge of the signal service of the expedition until telegraphic com- munication was temporarily abandoned on the departure of the command from San Isidro. His courage, devotion to duty, and professional ability merit special commend- ation. In addition to the professional zeal and executive ability always shown by Maj. H. W. Card well, chief surgeon of the division, his cheerful willingness to be of use, in whatever capacity, should be recognized. This ability frequently brought him under fire, notably at the first battle of San Rafael. In the afternoon of the 17th instant, after the battle of San Isidro, several insurgents wounded were reported abandoned on the field of the morning's fight outside of our 37 578 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. lines. Maj. (ieorge H. Penrose, brigade surgeon, U. S. V., accompanied by First Lieut. F. M. Kemp, of the Regular Medical Corps, with ambulances, was sent to care for them and bring them in. These officers met a few natives whom they took to be insurgents, and unhesitatingly attempted to capture them. They, revolvers in hand, rode down two and found their rifles hidden in the bamboos near by. Major Penrose and his orderly, while watering their horses at the ford, returning, were surprised by two or three Mauser volleys from the enemy concealed across the river. Six insurgents wounded were brought to the hos- pital. While on the firing line during the skirmish at Cabiao next day. Doctor Kemp's horse was shot through the head. Whatever their duties, these officers always showed earnestness, energy, and ability in the accomplishment. The Hon. H. A. Ramsden, H. B. M., vice-consul at Manila,, had rendered valuable service during the expedition to the province of Laguna, by reason of his thorough knowledge of the Spanish language and familiarity with the characteristics of the natives. He was by special invitation a guest of headquarters and, as formerly, proved himself in every way a valuable addition to the stafi-. Much regret was felt and expressed when illness demanded his return to Manila from Angat. In the hope that his indisposition might be soon over, request of the department commander was made that Mr. Ramsden's presence might be again solicited. Mr. F. W. Carpenter, chief clerk, adjutant general's office, showed the same efficient, loyal qualities throughout this expedition as during the Laguna de Bay expedition, when he won the commendation of his commanding officers, under fire as well as for efficiency in his legitimate duties. Very respectfully, H. \V. LAWTON, Majoi- General, U. S. V., Commanding. Report of Brevet Major J. F. Case, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, Acting Engineer Officer, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, April 27 to May 31, 1899. Manila, P. I., June 1, 1899. Adjutant General, Fir.^t Division, Eighth Army Corps. Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report covering the period from April 27 to May 31, 1899, while I was serving on the staflT of Maj. Gen. H. W. Lawton, as acting engineer officer. On April 27th, at Norzagaray, I received General Field Orders, No. 3, First Division Eighth Army Corps same date, and immediately reported at Angat. I left Angat at 9.30 A. M., April 28th, with one battalion of the Thirteenth Minnesota, under Major Diggles, and crossing the Quingua River at a ford just south of the town, worked east and north in continuation of the reconnoissance of April 26th, made by Major Eastwick, and one battalion of the Second Oregons; crossed the range into the valley of the stream tributary to the Quingua River, opposite Angat; encountered about two hundred insurgents of Gen. Pantalon Garcia's command. After twenty minutes' long- range fire the insurgents withdrew, and the column proceeded down the right bank of the Quingua River as far as the town of Binanban, opposite Marunco, without further opposition where we recrossed the river and joined the main command. April 29th, with Colonel Summers's command, I crossed the river at Marunco and moved westerly to the town of Polo, toward San Rafael. At Polo we struck the main road, the only one on the north bank of the river. All our work previous to this had been over mountain ranges or narrow valleys with only narrow trails or sled tracks to follow. San Rafael was entered without opposition at 1 p. m., whence, on receiving orders from the division commander, the column returned to Marunco. OREGON VOLUNTB:kKS in SPANISH WAR. 570 The road from Polo to San Rafael is a good graded pike with throe small bridges. The surrounding country is sharply rolling and well wooded and difheult to pass through on skirmish line. At San Rafael the country grows more level and open, with little uncul- tivated ground. May 1st I once more crossed the river with Colonel Summers's command and moved from Polo toward San Rafael. About one and one half miles out of the latter town the enemy's outposts were encountered by our scouts, who drove them back on their main body, and also dislodged the entire force of nearly one thousand. The insurgents fell back to the north and the west, taking upa strong position a half mile from the outskirts of the town. Their position was such that in case of a frontal attack the attacking force would be enfiladed by the fire of a force on the opposite side of the river. The attack was, however, delivered on the flank and the enemy driven to the northward. May 2d at 6 A. M. I moved with the scouts on the road to Baliuag. A strong force was encountered near San Felipe, but were soon dislodged. On approaching Baliuag a large number of natives were seen moving to the north. A white flag having been shown on the insurgent line, I advanced by request of General Lawton, accompanied by the three orderlies bearing the flag of truce. When within about five hundred yards of their lines we were fired upon by some thirty insurgents under the direction of two mounted officers, whereupon I returned to our lines. Baliuag was taken about noon May 2d. On the morning of May -Jth I accompanied the column of Colonel Summers northward to Maasim, where four hundred insurgents, strongly intrenched, were found. After a sharp engagement the enemy was driven out and the town occupied by our troops, and I returned to Baliuag. May 5th I went to Quingua to examine fords and arrange for a ferry in case of a rise in the river. On the 8th, by permission of General Lawton, I went to Maasim and, with two compa- nies of Colonel Summers's command as escort, reconnoitered and sketched the enemy's position at San Ildefonso. The enemy, over one thousand strong, held a strong position here and opened a hot fire on us. The reconnoissanee being completed I returned to Baliuag. May 12th, by order of General Lawton. Captain Birkhimer, of the division station, and myself went to Maasim and, accompanied by Young's scouts and two companies as support, advanced toward San Ildefonso for the purpose of making a detailed recon- noissanee of the enemy's position and strength ; working our way to the extreme right of the enemy's position, we exposed ourselves, drew their fire and secretly retired. Next we approached their center and repeated the same tactics. A hill on their extreme left commanded the country we wished to examine, and it became necessary to dislodge an outpost of the insurgents, some thirty in number. This was done very gallantly by Young's scouts. The hill we found controlled the enemy's position, and they quickly discovering the small force opposing them made a determined attempt to retake the place, advancing fully three hundred yards and to within five hundred yards of our position. The situa- tion was so serious that I finally left the position after a conference with Captain Birk- himer, who remained with the scouts, and proceeded to find and bring up our support. On the approach of the support the enemy retired, evacuating their strong position, and" moving north toward San Miguel, while we followed them to within one and one' half miles of that place, inflicting considerable damage to their rear guard. On our return San Ildefonso was occupied by oar support sliortly ret^nforced by troops from Colonel Summers's command. May 13th, at (J a. m.. Captain Birkhimer and myself, with Young's scouts and two companies under Capt. H. L. Heath, Second Oregon, moved toward San Miguel. By agreement with Captain Birkhimer I accompanied the support and he the scouts to insure uniformity of action. Small outposts of the enemy were met and driven in, but no considerable force opposed our advance until the scouts, emerging from a stretch of woods, found the enemy six hundred strong, under Gen. Gregorio del Pilar, in position less than two hun- 580 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. dred yards away. Without waiting for support, Chief of Scouts Young and his band of heroes charged the center of the enemy's line, broke it and sent the enemy flying into and through the town. A more gallant action was never seen on any field, and one fit to go on record as an example of unexcelled coolness, daring, and good judgment. A retrograde movement, under the circumstances, would have been suicidal, and this fact was grasped instantly by Young and the gallant men under him. Just at the close of this charge, with the fruits of victory already within his grasp. Chief of Scouts Young received the wound which ultimately caused his death. I wish to pay my tribute to the memory of the bravest man it has ever been my for- tune to meet. Combining fearlessness with an unerring judgment, he instinctively inspired the confidence in all minds which he so well deserved. His life was heroic and his death Inspiring. At the first fire I had directed the deployment of the support, and finding that the enemy's line overlapped our own, I detached the flanking parties to' protect our advance. Although we moved immediately, the advance of the scouts was so rapid that our line was not engaged until the enemy was entirely clear of the town. I immediately rode back to San Ildefonso for reinforcements, which were hurried forward and the place held. On May 1.5th, having learned from an escaped Spanish prisoner the location and number of a force of the enemy at San Jos6, three miles north of San Miguel, I went with Colonel Summers's brigade to that point. Three hundred of the enemy were strongly intrenched here, but were driven off with severe loss. They left sixteen dead and five wounded on the field. May 16th I accompanied a column under Captain Gale, Fourth Cavalry, to Sibul. No force of the enemy was met, though hundreds of fugitives were found in the town and were told they might return to their homes. May 17th I accompanied General Lawton's sta,ff to San Isidro and participated in the capture of that place. The roads from Baliuag north are all dirt roads, good in dry weather, but practically impassable when wet. In San Isidro I met Senors Dr. Albert and Arsemio, former members of the Filipino congress and peace commission, and through them, at the request of General Lawton, I entered into correspondence with the insurgent authorities, with the result that on May 18th, in company with Lieutenant King, aid-de-camp, and Captain McKenna, sig- nal ofiacer, I met the Philippine peace commission, of four members, outside our lines and escorted them in. May 19th I examined both banks of the Rio Grande as far as Cabiao. May 20th I crossed the river with seven companies of the Second Oregon under Lieutenant Colonel Y'oran, at a point opposite San Antonio, where we found Colonel Tecson with six com- panies of insurgents. An attack was immediately made from the front, while the scouts under Lieutenant Thornton, Second Oregon, who had crossed the river at San Isidi-o, opened fire from a point somewhat in rear of the insurgent left flank. The insur- gents broke and fled in great disorder, leaving five dead on the fleld. The column then proceeded to San Antonio along the right bank of the river to a point opposite Cabiao, where we crossed the river and rejoined the main column. At 4 p. m. I accompanied General Lawton to a point near the Arayat ferry. May 21st was taken up in crossing the Rio Grande at the Arayat ferry, which was successfully accomplished by the entire command. May 22d I moved to Candaba with division headquarters. On May 23d, by permission of General Lawton, I returned to Manila, where I have been on duty since that date. All of which is respectfully submitted. ^ „ ^ J. F. Case, Brevet Major and Acting Engineer Officer. OREGON VOLUNTKKKS IN SPANISH WAR. 581 Report of Maj. Herbert W. Cardwell, U. S. V., Chief Surgeon, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, April 21 to May 30, 1899. Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Office of the Chief Surgeon, „ ^ TT ^ ^lanila, P. I., May SI, 1899. Surgeon Generai. United States Army. (Through military channels.) Sir : I have the honor to present herewith a special report on the work of the medical department and Hospital Corps during the expedition under the command of Maj. Gen. H. W. Lawton, U. S. V., into the provinces of Bulacan, Nueve Ecija, and (A. M.) de la Pampanga from April 21 to May 30, 1899, inclusive. On receipt of General Orders, No. 20, Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, dated Manila, P. I., April 19, 1899, designating the troops to take part in the expe- dition, I required a report from the medical officer of the designated troops as to the physical condition of the medical officers and Hospital Corps men of his command, and as to whether he was sufficiently supplied to carry out the movement contemplated, which was specified as to occupy ten days. Medical oncers.— Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, Capt. John A. Kulp, U. S. A., and Dr. Isaac W. Brewer, acting assistant surgeon, U. S. A.; Gale's squadron, Fourth U. S. Cavalry (three dismounted troops). Dr. G. "W. Daywalt, acting assistant surgeon, U. S. A.; First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry, Maj. F. D. Pease — captain and assistant surgeon. Black being on sick leave; Scott's battery, Dr. E. K. Johnstone, acting assistant surgeon, U. S. A., who had not reported, but was hurried from Corre- gidor in time to take the field ; Hawthorne's battery, no medical officer. Under verbal orders from the division commander I detailed Maj. George H. Penrose, brigade surgeon, U. S. V., as brigade surgeon on the expedition, and Lieut. F. M. Kemp, assistant surgeon, U. S. A., from the Fourteenth United States Infantry, to act as ambulance surgeon. I secured from Capt. F. R. Keefer, commanding officer of the ambulance company, four ambulances. These ambulances were in bad order, with leaky canvas and leaky water tanks, no tools, and no spare parts. Animals consisting of one team of four native ponies in bad order and two teams of two mules each, and for the ambulance I secured, through the division quartermaster, one team of four native ponies, the quality of which was not guaranteed, and which proved to be bad. Hearing semiofficially that battalions from Third U. S. Infantry, Oregon and Minne- sota Volunteers, would join the column later, I investigated their condition as to medical officers and Hospital Corps men. Finding that the Third Infantry had no medical officer with them the chief surgeon borrowed, at my request. Dr. Van Wagemen from the hospital ship Relief, and secured an order from corps headquarters detailing Doctor Pitcher from the Seventeenth Infantry to the Third Infantry. I drew from the Quartermaster's Department twenty extra litters for the use of a squad of forty Chinese litter bearers furnished by the Quartermaster's Department and assigned by me pro rata to the different organizations. Maj. G. H. Penrose drew from the purveyor's storehouse sufficient medical and surgical supplies to enable him to conduct a brigade field hospital without tentage, and drew from the commissary one hundred rations in addition to liberal supply of beef extract, cocoa, and malted milk. The Quartermaster's Department was unable to furnish any transportation for these supplies, and it was necessary to load them into ambulances if they were to be carried at all. This seriously interfered with our facilities for transportation of the sick and wounded. In this connection I desire to express the opinion that the Chinese coolie o«.n be made to play a very important and useful part in any campaigning in these islands. If 582 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. assured that he will receive his pay and rations he will do any amount of work and face any amount of rifle Are, but he requires to be under the constant supervision of some authority. In the Oregons each private of the hospital corps was charged with the oversight and made responsible for the presence at all times of two coolies with one litter, and the ser- vice rendered was excellent. Toward midday of April 22 the command engaged the enemy near Novaliches, and in the capture of that town one man was severely wounded and a number of the Third and Twenty-second Infantry men had fallen to the rear from heat, and late at night It was decided that the best interest of these men demanded their speedy transfer to the hospital at Manila. As the next day's advance was to be Into an unknown and hostile country. It was deemed ill advised to deplete our small ambulance train, and the general commanding wired to Manila for assistance. An ambulance, with an escort, was sent out, arriving aliout :! A. m., and tlio wounded and seriously sick were transferred to the hospital. During the 2.3d, 24th, and 25th of April .the command traversed a mountain range, which was to all intents and purposes Impassable for vehicles of any description. Dur- ing these days the ambulances, together with the remainder of the baggage train, were moved bodily by hand, by large details of soldiers, over the worst parts of the road, not- withstanding which all ambulance animals arrived in Norzagaray in very bad condi- tion. At this point the column was joined by battalions from tlie Third Infantry, Second Oregon, and Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteers, with one mounted troop of cavalry (Fouth United States) on native ponies, and one Utah fleldplece. This auxiliary brigade had two ambulances with 2-horse teams each. They appeared to be in good condition and seemed to be welcome additions to our train. On April 27th the headquarters and ambulance train moved into Angat, and receiv- ing instructions from corps headquarters to send a wagon train to Bocaue, on the rail- road, fourteen miles distant, to procure rations, advantage was taken to send all sick and wounded from the command by ambulance and escort wagons to that point for shipment to Manila. On April 29th an advance was made upon San Rafel from botli sides of the river. As no road was known to exist on the north side of the river, the-ambulances took the south bank, along which route all the fighting of that day occured. Under orders from higher authority San Rafael was abandoned and the command returned to Angat, and on May 1st a second advance was made on San Rafael, following the same route. The ambulance train, however, forded the river (Rio Grande) at Mar- unco and proceeded on the north bank, with the exception of one ambulance, which accompanied the column on the south bank. On this occasion all the fighting was on the north bank of the river until after the town had been captured. The road was bad, and the bridges very insecure, and the horse teams proved balky and vicious. The fact that Lieutenant Kemp succeeded in getting his train into San Rafael that night evinced dogged persistence with the hardest kind of physical labor for every man in the ambu- lance train. At this point it became possible for the quartermaster to designate one escort wagon to accompany the train. The following day the advance was continued on both sides of the river into Bustos, on the south side of the river, and into Baliuag, on the north side. The fighting at one time on this day extended over a front which from extreme right to left flanks was nearly four miles. At Baliuag the main column remained nearly two weeks, during which time an advance column, accompanied by two ambulances, advanced upon and took in order, Maaslm, San Ildefonso, and San Miguel. During this time all sick and wounded from the command were transported, via the ford of the Bulacan River, at Quingua, about fourteen miles from Malolos, on the railroad, thence to Manila. This required several trips of all available ambulances and the use of all escort wagons returning for rations. ORKC^ON VOLUNTEKKS IN SPANISH WAR. 583 The ford at Q,uingua was very bad, the water rising several inches into the beds of the wagons, necessitating great delay in carrying patients across a primitive banboo bridge, and necesitating constant doubling back and fourth of the mule teams, as the pony teams had to swim. At this time it became evident that the horse teams were utterly and absolutely worthless, and if they had been taken into action they would have necessitated the abandonment of the ambulances. This matter was properly reported to the division commander, and before the advance to the north the general designated the 2-mule teams from the pack train to replace the horses. On May 15th headquarters and ambulance train moved to San Miguel, and from thence, in two succeeding days, to San Isidro. In making the advance on San Isidro it was considered advisable to leave all sick and wounded at San Miguel, leaving the ambulances empty for the accommodation of any wounded. Three ambulances were left in San Miguel and three taken with the advancing column. Fifty-one patients were left behind in the care of the senior medical officer present. Upon the arrival of the main column at San Isidro it became evident that the troops remaining at San Miguel and south of that point were to be cut loose from the main column with a base of supplies at Malolos, and that the main column was to seek for itself a new base of supplies by a further advance down the Rio Grande. Telegraphic instructions were thereupon sent to the senior surgeon at San Miguel to care for the sick left there, and to return, via Malolos, to Manila, such as needed hospital treatment at the first possible chance, and to forward immediately to San Isidro one ambulance, the escort wagon, and all the brigade supplies not absolutely necessary for the care of the sick on hands for two days. Through error in the transmission of the telegram the surgeon retained what he con- sidered legitimate supplies for ten days, which was, in fact, everything on hand, and forwarded to San Isidro the ambulance only. The following day it became necessary to send an ambulance to San Miguel with cer- tain women accompanying, an alleged peace commission. This ambulance was ordered to be immediately returned, and to bring the supplies which had been held at San Miguel by mistake. Lack of transportation for the commission at San Miguel necessitated the ambulance proceding to Baliuag, and it never succeeded in joining the column until it reached Can- daba and was about to be broken up four days later. It only succeededed in doing this by making the most roundabout trip through Calumpit. The first advance down the Rio Grande met with serious resistance near Cabiao at dusk, and Lieutenant Kemp used proper discretion in bringing the wounded back to San Isidro rather than attempt surgical treatment of three very serious cases in the night on the bivouac without tentage. The following day the main column advanced and forded the Rio Grande with much trouble at or near Arayat. The following day the entire column moved down the river to Candaba, from which point all sick and wounded were transported by river army gunboats to Calumpit on the railroad and thence to Manila. At this point the expedition was broken up and the ambulance train proceeded to Manila by road, occupying the greater part of three days for the trip. On May 23d, while the main column was at Candaba, the troops left at San Miguel were ordered to proceed to Baliuag. Prom one point to the other they were in a constant running fight, the insurgents making repeated attacks on the baggage and ambulance trains. The Third U. S. Infantry had during this day two killed and fourteen wounded, all of whom they transported into Baliuag and thence to Manila. All or a portion of the ambulance company were present in action against the fol- lowing points: Novaliches, Norzagaray, Angat, Marunco, San Rafael (two), Bustos, Baliuag, Maasim, San Ildefonso, San Miguel, San Isidro (two), and Capiao, together with a number of smaller skirmisnes. 584 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. At every stopping place of the column, Major Penrose immediately instituted in some vacant house or convent a suitable shelter for the sick and wounded. This field hospital was equipped with surgical and sterilizer chests, and permanent dressings were applied to all wounded, together with such other susgical proceedures as were necessary. I append a tabulated statement of completed cases in the field hospital. Of these five hundred and fifteen cases, one hundred and two were returned to duty with the com- mand, and four hundred and thirteen were transferred to hospitals in Manila. The First North Dakota Volunteers had less sickness of any kind in proportion than any other command in the expedition, and had they not turned over a number of men for transportation on the last day of the trip, most of whom would have continued to do duty if there had been any duty to perform, their figures would have seemed incred- ible when compared with other organizations. This in spite of the fact that the regi- ment especially distinguished itself both in the rapidity and thoroughness of its work in the advance and in the hard work done by every man when in the rear with the bull teams. The surgeons and officers of the regiment attribute their Immunity from sickness to the fact that during the entire trip the regiment never mtssed a meal, and never was more than an hour late. Every company carried coffee boilers and other cooking uten- .sils, and two days' rations on small pony carts which were kept closed up with their column, no matter what |he state of the roads or what the opposition by the enemy or from commanding officers of other organizations. The fact that none of the carts belonged to, or had ever been issued by the Quartermaster's Department, did not pre- vent their increasing to a greater degree than any other one factor the efficiency of this regiment. In conclusion, while hampered by the insulHcient number of medical officers. Hos- pital Corps men, and ambulance animals, the sick and the wounded were at all times promptly and correctly attended, and were transferred to Manila with the least possible degree of discomfort. On the occasion of the wounding of Major Diggles, and, later, of Civilian Scout Young, special trips were made to insure their speedy delivery to city hospital. Very respectfully, ^ „^ ^ Hkrbeet W. Cakdwell, Major and Chief Surgeon, U. 8. V. 1 i2 ! 1 If i 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 Average, aggregate. '.■!.. e i i 1 ^ Second Oregon Volunteers 1 5 2 33 10 11 21 42 9 2 2 . 36 12 2 3 20 27 2 2 3 12 2 2 30 9 1 1 8 2 3 5 1 1 11 4 3 ! 79 20 ; 435 18 23 1,119 Ninth U. S. Infantry 3 1?" 4 1 1 "'i 5 1 3 18 9 369 10 7 6 5 14 100 14 742 Twenty-second U. S. Infantiy — 20 I 109 1 20 882 3 i 25 5 1 2?8 5 13 2 1 47 TTr>sr>ital Pnrns TT S A 2 21 7 85 2 1 17 Thirteenth Minnesota Vols 3 3 2 2 ' i-- 22 543 3 18 1 6 6 i 2 1 20 4 1 2 -- 51 1 20 458 Civilians Total 1 1 9 1 9 85 1 17 187 [l08 1 26 37 6 90 515 138 1 4,932 The Seventeenth and Ninth Infantry were with the command but two days prior to the completion of this report. REPORT BREVET BRIG. GEN. 0. SUMMERS, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, C031MAND1NG PROVISIONAL BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION EIGHTH ARMY CORPS, APRIL 22 TO MAY 25, 1899. Headquarters Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., Ouartel de Espanu, Manila, P. I., June 10, 1S99. Assistant Adjutant General, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the pro- visional brigade under my command from April 22, 1899, to May 2.5, 1899: In compliance with Special Orders, No. 21, Headquarters Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, dated Malolos, April 20, 1899, seven companies of the Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V. (Companies A, B, F, G, I, K, L, and M), and detachment of the Hospital Corps, Maj. Percy Willis, commanding, and eight companies Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U. S. V. (Companies C, D, E, G, H, K, L, and M), Maj. Arthur M. Diggles, commanding. Troop I, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, Second Lieutenant Boyd com- manding, and a section of Utah Light Artillery, Sergt. J. A. Anderson, command- ing, assembled at Bocaue Bridge on the afternoon of April 22, 1899, at which time I assumed command of same. The following morning, April 23d, the column of troops above mentioned left camp north of the bridge at Bocaue at 5.30 o'clock, wagon train with ten days' travel rations and ammunition following, and proceeded on road toward Norzagaray for the purpose of forming a junction at that point with the column under the command of Major Gen- eral Lawton. Passed through Santa Maria at 6.45 a. m., and arrived at River Guyon at 9.15 A. M., and rested during the heat of the day. Left river at 2.50 p. m. and advanced on road toward Norzagaray. The cavalry in advance commenced skirmishing with the enemy about 3 o'clock p. m. One battalion of the Oregons were deployed in line of skirmishers and advanced with occasional fire until the bluff overlooking Norzagaray was reached at 4 p. m. At this point, with the cavalry on the right dismounted and two battalions of the Second Oregon on the left, considerable firing was done with the enem5' until dark. At dark command drew back and went into camp at water, about two and one half miles fron Norzagaray. Distance traveled during day, twelve miles. Casualties, none. On the following morning, April 24th, broke camp at 5.35 and advanced toward Nor- zagaray. The enemy were entirely routed and driven in disorder across the river; com- mand entered city at 6.50 A. m. Frank Witlinger, private, Thirteenth Minnesota, slight gunshot wound left wrist, spent ball ; W. D. Burlinger, sergeant. Company K, Thirteenth Minnesota, gunshot wound through left knee, severe; H. Donaldson, private, Company G, Thirteenth Minnesota, strain in muscle of right thigh ; William Herr, private. Troop I, Foarth Cavalry, gunshot wound in left hand, slight; one horse, Troop I, killed. 586 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. After arriving in Norzagaray, one battalion Thirteenth Minnesota, Capt. C. T. Spear, commanding, was sent out to reconnolter on road north of Norzagaray leading into Angat, with Instructions to discover the enemy's position and strength, if possible, but not to bring on an engagement. On arriving about one thousand five hundred yards of the town of Angat, this battalion was attacked by the enemy, numbering about fifty, who fired several volleys from what appeared to be trenches extending along the river bank to the north and south of a large church. In this position they commanded the country for at least two thousand yards, east and south. After making a close observa- tion of the topography of the country, and reconnoltering the position of the enemy, found a good road from Norzagaray, having traveled a distance of five miles. Captain Heath's battalion. Second Oregon, and Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, left Norza- garay at 9.;^0 a. m. with instructions to proceed south on road leading toSanJos6and form a J unction with General Lawton's command. They proceeded south a distance of five or six miles. The roads were found extraordinarily rough, and about 1 o'clock pm., the men having become exhausted, the command was halted and Lieutenant Boyd in- structed to proceed down the road three or four miles, or until he formed a junction with General Lawton's command. At 2..15 p. m. Lieutenant Boyd reported back with information that he had formed a junction with General Lawton's command after pro- ceeding about three miles. The command then returned, arriving at Norzagaray at 5.45 p. m. The country passed over was hilly, and the roads in very bad condition. No armed natives were seen, and there was no indication that the country was occupied by armed natives. Distance traveled, about fourteen miles. The following morning, April 25th, at 5.50 o'clock. Major Eastwick's battalion. Second Oregon, Captain Spear's battalion, Thirteenth Minnesota, and detachment of Utah Light Artillery, under Sergt. J. A. Anderson, left camp at Norzagaray and advanced north on road to Angat. After discovering the enemy's position a piece of artillery was placed at an advantageous point on top of the hill overlooking town, and began shell- ing the town. At the same time the infantry was deployed in line of skirmishers and advanced under a heavy fire from the enemy, and drove them out after a very stubborn resistance, and entered the city at 7 o'clock a. m. Upon entering the city received a very heavy fire from enemy, who had crossed the river and taken up a very strong position on bluff overlooking Angat on opposite side, their fire being silenced only after rapid and continuous fire lasting nearly an hour. Having no instructions to occupy the town, returned to Norzagaray at 10 o'clock A. M. Distance traveled, five miles. Casualties: A. T. Williams, private. Company E, Thirteenth Minnesota, gunshot wound left shoulder. The enemy's strength at this point was estimated at from one thousand to twelve hundred. While this command was absent at Angat troops in camp at Norzagaray were fired on by natives from across the river. A hot fire was kept up for some time. Natives finally silenced. Casualties: Serg. C. R. Herrington, Company F, Second Oregon, gunshot wound in back of neck. At 12 o'clock noon General Lawton and staff arrived at Norzagaray and assumed command. On the following morning, April 26th, Maj. P. G. Eastwick's battalion. Second Ore- gon, was instructed to cross the river at Norzagaray and make reconnoissance of oppo- site bank and adjacent country. This command advanced until arriving opposite Marunco, where they forded the river and returned to camp. On April 27th, in compli- ance with instructions of the division commander, the provisional brigade, consisting of the Second Oregon Infantry and Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, reorganized under General Field Orders No. 2, Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, dated at Norzagaray, April 26, 1899, left that point at 7.40 A. m. and marched to Marunco, arriving at ll.oO A. M., no resistance being encountered. Distance traveled, six miles. OREGON VOLUNTEP]R8 IN SPANISH WAR. 587 Before entering Marunco Major Eastwick's battalion, Second Oregon, left the road opposite Angat and proceeded across hills west of Anf^at and following the valley took a northeasterly course through rice fields to a point on a ridge overlooking the town of Sulucan, making a thorough reconnoissance of the country passed through, and entered the town of Sulucan, which was found deserted. This battalion then proceeded down the road and reported at Marunco, no insurgents were seen, and the country passed through was agricultural land. Distance traveled by this battalion after leaving the road about five miles. One battalion Second Oregon, under command of Captain Heath, and one battalion Thirteenth Minnesota, under command of Captain Masterman, the two battalions being under the command of Major Diggles, were instructed to and forded the river at Angat at S.m A. M. in company with Captain Case, engineer officer, started in a northerly direc- tion gradually veering round to the left, passed up the valley and over a considerable mountain. As the command was about to emerge from the brush on the farther side of the mountain they received a heavy fire from the enemy. As the bullets passed very high they were evidently directed against the few scouts who were stationed on top of the mountain. The command advanced and opened fire on them di-iving the enemy from their position. Another party opened fire on the command on the left. Three platoons were sent on a high elevation to occupy their attention and cover the move- ments of the remaining troops in the valley. The command advanced through the valley directing their march toward the river, crossing same at a point a little below the town of Marunco. Returned to command at 4 p. m. Ciuite a number of streams were crossed on this trip and several sled paths, but no practicable road of any descrip- tion was found. The country passed through was very rough and almost impassable, troops being compelled to march in single file during a large portion of the time. On April 29th the Second Oregon Infantry, Major Willis commanding, the Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, Major Diggles commanding, and Hawthorne's battery left Marunco at 6 o'clock A. M., fording the river at that point, and advanced on the road leading to San Rafael. On arriving on hilltop overlooking San Rafael, about one and one quarter miles from the church, two battalions of the Thirteenth Minnesota were deployed as skirmishers to the right and rear of town, their left resting on the road. The battery and Second Oregons on the left. Advanced and entered the city at 12.20 p. m., meeting no opposition, and found the town deserted. In compliance with orders, command returned to Marunco, leaving San Rafael at 3.30 P. M. and arriving at Marunco at p. m., returning through Polo and fording the river at that point. Distance traveled about fifteen miles. The country passed through after fording the stream was found to be thickly wooded and nothing but sled paths winding through the hills and through deep gulches, it being necessary to dismount field pieces and carry them through these rough places. After reaching the main road near Polo, the road was found to be in fair condition, with the exception of one bridge, which retiuired repairing before the artillery could be taken across. April 30th the command remained in camp at Mjirunco and the troops woie mustered for pay. May 1st, in compliance with General Field Orders No. 4, Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, dated at Angat, Luzon, May 1, 1899, the provisional brigade (Sec- ond Oregon and Thirteenth Minnesota) and Scott's battery left Marunco with wagon train at 11.50 a. m. and forded the river at that point, and proceeded on main road tf) Polo toward San Rafael. After advancing on the road about two miles the advance guard was fired upon by insurgent sharpshooters, who were dislodged and fire was silenced by the scouts and flankers. Upon arrival within about one and one quarter miles of San Rafael the advance guard was again fired upon by the enemy, who lield a position on the ridge to the right and in the rear of the town. The Second Oregon Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Yoran, with instructions to clear the ridge and enter the town from the rear, moved forward against the enemy. Major Willis's battalion deployed in line of skirmishers and advanced to the front. Major Eastwick's battalion, acting as support to Scott's battery, and Tliirtccnth Min- 588 ' OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. nesota proceeded down the road and entered the town at 4.30 p. m. After entering the town the enemy opened heavy fire from across the river from the left and in front. Our troops were immediately placed in position and returned the Are. The commanding general arriving at this time, Scott's battery was placed into position and after shelling the enemy for about thirty minutes silenced their fire. The two battalions of the Sec- ond Oregon under the command of lieutenant colonel, which had marched to the right, entered the town from the rear at 6 p. m , having forced the enemy back from their posi- tion. The.Third U. S. Infantry (two battalions, Captain Hannay, commanding) reported for duty at 5.20 p. m. The distance traveled, about five miles. Enemy were estimated at about one thousand. Their loss was considerable ; unable to estimate their exact number. Our casualties were as follows: Private Frank Lewis, Company F, Thirteenth Min- nesota, killed; William Betzold, private, Light Battery D, Sixth Artillery, gunshot wound,'left arm ; Edgar J. Chamberlin, corporal, Company K, Second Oregon Infantry, gunshot wound through right leg above knee ; .William E. Smith, Company K, Second Oregon, gunshot wound, left arm, fracturing same; John T. Reeves, private, Company A, Second Oregon, gunshot wound through right leg, severe. The remains>f Frank Lewis, Company F, Thirteenth Minnesota, were buried in the square in front of the church, it being impossible to transport the body. May 2.— Under instructions from the division commander, the provisional brigade. Third U. S. Infantry, and Scott's battery, accompanied by wagon train, left San Rafael at 6 A. M., preceded by Capt. J. F. Case, acting engineer officer, and scouts, advanced on road to Baliuag. A short distance from San Rafael scouts and advance guard were repeatedly fired on by the enemy. The column advanced along road passing through several small villages with one battalion of the third in advance, in line of skirmishers, arriving at opening about one and one half miles from Baliuag. Fire was opened on our line by the enemy who held strong position on opposite side of opening, protected by line of bamboo thickets; were also in front and to the leftfrom a stronglylfortified position in the village of Santa Aeno. Scott's battery immediately placed into position and opened Are on the enemy. One battalion of the Third Infantry deployed in line of skirmishers on the right. Commanding general arrived at this time and assumed command. Under his direction battery ceased firing, it being reported from the line that a flag of truce was seen advancing to our lines, and by direction of the division commander Capt. J. F. Case, Sergt. Maj. John W. Marshall, Second Oregon, and the commanding gen- eral's orderly, with the division flag as a flag of truce, advanced toward the enemy's lines. Upon arriving at a point about three hundred yards from the enemy's lines they were fired upon, and immediately dismounted and retired as soon as possible. The Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry was placed on the right of the Infantry and deployed in line of skirmishers, facing toward Bahuag, same having been entered at 3.10 p. M., scouts having entered in advance of the main column and found the place deserted by the enemy. Distance traveled, seven miles. Enemy's loss severe, unable to estimate the exact number, it being reported from the line that a large number of wounded, car- ried on stretchers, could be seen. Our casualties were as follows ; Jacob Fisher, Company E, Third Infantry, gunshot wound dorsal side of penis ; Fred- erick Miller, private. Company L, Third Infantry, penetrating wound left thigh ; frac- turing bone. The command^ after arriving in Baliuag, were assigned quarters and went into camp. Outposts and street patrols were established, and sentries placed over all government property. May A.— The Provisional Brigade, Third Infantry, and detachment Utah Light Artil- lery left Baliuag at 6.40 a. m., and advanced on road leading to Maasim. Found enemy very strongly entrenched on river bank in front of Maasim, and drove them out after repeated and heavy fire. Command immediately followed across the river and occupied OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 589 Maaslm, the enemy retiriug to San Ildefonso. Wentinto camp at Maasim at 11.35 A. m. Distance traveled, about eight miles. Enemy's loss severe, exact number not known. Our casualties as follows : Fred Buckendorf, private, Company L, wounded in left side serious; James Barrett, private. Company H, Thirteenth Minnesota, wounded in right shoulder, severe. May 5.— In camp at Maasim, Luzon, Martin Rekdahl, private, Company G, Second Oregon Infantry, accidentally shot himself in right foot, slight. Henry Lehman, private, Company M, Third Infantry, accidently shot through left arm and into body ; died and was buried at Maasim. Captain Spear's battalion was sent out to reconnolter. Com- pany E (Lieutenant Mellinger) proceeded to the west along the river for about two and one half miles. Destroyed live hundred bushels of rice in bins and one hundred and fifty bags. The enemy was not sighted and but few houses found containing families. He reports having seen a long wagon train, consisting chiefly of bull carts moving In a northerly direction. Company H (Captain Bjornstad) covered about two miles to the northwest. Did n't encounter any enemy, but found about one hundred rounds of new Remington ammunition, lately buried, which he destroyed. Also found eight bolos hid in a straw stack. Company D (Captain Metz) covered about two miles to the north- west. He destroyed four hundred and ninety-four sacks of rice and forty-five bushels in bins, three 5-gallon cans of syrup, and fifteen barrels of sugar. He reported seeing the enemy at a distance at about three quarters of a mile to the front and left. Company C (Lieutenant Bunker) went to the east about two and one half miles. He destroyed about five hundred bushels of rice in bins. Reported seeing a few natives moving who claimed their destination was Baliuag. The enemy was not encountered and no shots were fired. Major Willis' battalion. Second Oregon, left camp at 8 o'clock a. m. and advanced on road leading toward San Miguel. The enemy were sighted in a town about two miles from Maasim. They had very strong intrenchments and their number estimated to be about one thousand. Their position was on a hill in the town with a line extending about a half a mile from each side of the road. The country from Maasim for the first mile was quite thick with trees and shrubbery, but from there on was open. Map 6.— In camp at Maasim. May 7.— In camp at Maasim. Major Willis' battalion left camp at 7.30 a. m., and marched north, following road for about two miles, where battalion halted. Major Willis then with a small bodyguard went forward to a point of hill in front of town of San Ildefonso, about eight hundred yards distant. The enemy did not appear in as great numbers as previously seen, not over one hundred and fifty being visible. Saw several mounted ofllcers moving about. Trenches appeared to be facing south and southeast. 3Iay A'. — In camp at Maasim. At 1.30 p. m. Colonel Summers, with Company K, Thir- teenth Minnesota Infantry (Lieutenant Walsh), Company F, Second Oregon (Lieutenant Grim), acting as escort, and Captain Ca.se, engineer officer, left camp for the purpose of investigating the enemy's position with view to attack, Maj. A. M. Diggle.s, of the Thirteenth Minne.sota Infantry, accompanying party. Arriving on hilltop overlooking San Ildefonso, the command halted, and Captain Case, with Colonel Summers and party, proceeded to make ob.servations of the enemy's lines. The enemy were seen deploying in line on ridge to the right of the road, and presumably into trenches. Bugle calls were heard in the city, and the enemy could very plainly be seen, their number estimated to be about one thousand. Captain Case made drawings of position of the enemy, and just on completion of same, enemy opened fire from a small, low ridge in advance of their main positions. Company F immediately took position on crest of hill overlooking the works of the enemy and fired three volleys for the purpose of locating their exact position. Company K, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, took position behind hill, and awaited orders. While in this position Maj. A. M. Diggles, who was standing in road at the head of this company, was struck in the forehead by a bullet coming apparently from down the road. The wound was mortal. John G. Miller, Corporal, Company F, 590 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Second Oregon, gunshot wound in left arm, slight. Command returned to camp at 4 p. M., having traveled a distance of four miles. May 9-10.— In camp at Maasim. May 11.— In camp at Maasim. Young's scouts reported at 6 p. m., twenty-six men. May 12.— Jn camp at Maasim. Maj/ i3.— Provisional brigade, consisting of Second Oregon, Thirteenth Minnesota, detachment Utah Light Artillery, left Maasim at 8 A. m. and advanced on road toward San Miguel. Passed through San Ildefonso at 9.25 A. m., enemy having been driven out by the scouts earlier in the morning. At 1.35 p. m. Captain Case reported the capture of San Miguel by Young's scouts and one company of the Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry and one company of the Second Oregon Infantry, under command of Captain Heath. The main column left San Ildefonso at 3.15 p. m., arriving at San Miguel at 5 p. m. Dis- tance traveled from Maasim, eight miles. 3fay Ik.— In camp at San MigueL Mayl5.— ljefi San Miguel at 3 p. m. and advanced on road leading to San Isidro. Immediately after leaving San Miguel, Company K, of t lie Thirteenth Minnesota Infan- try, advance guard, engaged the enemy and drove them rapidly through and beyond Salacat, killing and wounding quite a number and capturing twenty-six guns. First Sergt. H. M. Howard, Company K, Thirteenth Minnesota, gunshot wound in right wrist, slight. Arrived at Salacat at 5.05 p. m. and went into camp, having traveled a distance of four miles. May JiS.— Left Salacat at 6 a. m. and advanced on road leading to San Isidro. Scouts in advance engaged the enemy and drove them across the river and from strong trenches occupied by them, after a short and very severe engagement. The enemy on retiring across the river set tire to bridge, which the scouts extin- guished in face of Are from enemy. This river is not fordable and the bridge was a very important necessity to the com- mand. Their number was estimated at more than one hundred, of whom six were killed, seven wounded, and one captured ; fourteen guns taken. Our loss was Private James Harrington (scout). Company G, Second Oregon, killed. Command arrived at San Roque at 9.30 A. M. and went into camp. During the afternoon the wagon trains arrived and were pulled across the stream by hand and into camp. At 11 o'clock p. m. Colonel French reported the Twenty-second Infantry for duty. Lieutenant Colonel Treu- mann reported one batUliou of the North Dakota Infantry the same hour, .Scott's bat- tery reported also ; these troops being under command of Colonel French. May 17.— Provisional brigade, consisting of the Twenty-second Infantry, one battalion of the North Dakota Infantry, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, Second Oregon Infantry, Scott's battery (three guns), detachment Utah Light Artillery (one gun), left San Rogue at 5 A. M. and advanced on road leading to San Isidro Arriving in sight of town, troops were deployed in line of battle. North Dakotas and Second Oregons on right of road and right of line; marched into position in column of files. The Twenty-second Infantry took position on left of road ; battery center on road, with Thirteenth Minnesota Infan- try in column of flies on each side of the road. The extreme right and left of the line deployed well to the front, forming a shallow V-shape. In this position the line advanced. The right became immediately engaged with the enemy, who were in strong force in front of San Isidro, on the right of the road. Fire was returned, and the command continued to advance. After advancing a short distance line halted; battery placed in position and shelled the right flank of enemy. The main flre of the enemy having been silenced by the artillery, the line continued to advance and entered the city at 9.40 a. m. The Twenty-second Infantry on the left of the line met no enemy, and entered without any resistance whatever. Enemy's loss was great ; exact number not known. Our casualties : Martin E. Tew, private. Company F, Thirteenth Minnesota, gunshot wound in right leg, very slight; Frank M. Butts, private, Company L. Second Oregon, gunshot wound in right leg, slight. Distance traveled, Ave miles. OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 591 Major Eastwick's battalion and one battalion of the Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, both under command of Major Eastwick, left San Isidro at 4.10 a. ji. and proceeded cast and occupied the town of Gapan, arriving at 6.10 p. m. The column, preceded by an advance guard, entered the town without resistance. At 7.30 p. m. the Third Infantry reported to Major Eastwick and went into camp, having marched direct from San Miguel. May IS.— In camp at San Isidro. Major Eastwick reported back to this place with the two battalions under his command at 8.1o a. m. May 19.— In camp at San Isidro. Immediately after breakfast headquarters building was fired upon by a few insurgent sharpshooters from across the river. At 5 a. m. the provisional brigade, consisting of Second Oregon Infantry and Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, left camp at San Isidro and advanced on road toward Santa Ana. At a point about one and one half miles from San Lsidro, and opposite San Antonio, the Second Oregon Infantry, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Yoran, forded the river, with Major Willis's battalion deployed as skirmishers; commenced to advance at 8.30 A. >i. Main column continued toward Cabiao, which place was entered at 12 noon. The Second Oregon Infantry engaged the enemy at 8.30 a. m., and drove them back, killing three or tour, and advanced through San Antonio, and, fording the river, arrived at Cabiao at 4.15 p. m., having traveled a distance of over ten miles. The main column went into camp on entering the city at 12 noon. The wagon train, having taken a differ- ent and shorter route, arrived at 10 a. m. May 21.— Left Cabiao at 5.30 A. Ji. and marched on road leading to Arayat ; arrived at river bank opposite at 12 o'clock noon, and during the afternoon transported wagon train and supplies and forded the river. Went into camp near Arayat. Distance trav- eled, ten miles. On the same day, wagon train following a short distance in rear of column, guarded by Companies A and L, Second Oregon, was flred on by enemy in position on opposite side of the river. Returned fire and silenced enemy. No casualties. Camped for the night in small village on opposite side of the river, near Arayat. May 22.— Left camp at 5 a. m. and marched on road leading to Araj-at, arriving at said point and reporting to the commanding general at 5.30 a. m., and, according to instruc- tions, proceeded to Candaba, following in rear of Colonel French's column, passing through Santa Ana and arriving at Pasing, a small village opposite Candaba, at 10.30 A. M., having traveled a distance of about eight miles. May 23. —Left camp at Pasing at 6.05 a. m., and advanced on road leading to Calumpit, passing through the villages of Catalina and .San Sebastian , arriving at San Luis at 9..30 A. M. Distance traveled, six miles. At 1.15 p. m. column moved forwarcj again, pas.sing through the villages of San Rita and San Petro, arriving at San Simon at 2.45 p. m. On arrival of wagon train at 3.45 p. m., a heavy rain falling, went into camp for the night. Distance traveled, three and one-half miles. Total distance traveled during the day, nine and one-half miles. Andrew's battery (D, First Artillery), attached to provisional brigade per verbal orders commanding general Eighth Army Corps. May 2U.— Broke camp at San Simon at 5.30 A. m., and, passing through the villages of San Jos^. Santa Lucia, Apalat, San Bicent, and Sulapan, arriving at Calumpit at 8.30 A. M., having traveled a distance of ten miles. Went into camp. March ;.'.5.— According to instructions, the provisional brigade, consisting of the Sec- ond Oregon and Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, was dissolved, the Thirteenth Minne- sota being stationed along the railroad from Caloocan to Malolos, and the Second Oregon returning to its quarters in the Cuartel de Espafia, in Manila. In closing this, my ofllcial report of operations of my command, and in compliance with the request of the division commander, I have the honor to specially request and recommend for promotion for meritorious and faithful service during the campaign, the following ofHcers: Maj. Percy Willis, Second Oregon Infantry. Maj. Philip G. Eastwick, Jr., Second Oregon Infantry. Capt. H. L. Heath, Second Oregon Infantry. 592 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. Capt. (now Maj.) J. P. Mastermann, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry. Capt. C. T. Spear, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry. Capt. Oscar Seebach, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry. First Lieut. Eugene P. Crowne, Second Oregon Infantry, acting assistant adjutant general. First Lieut. L. H. Knapp, acting quartermaster and commissary in connection with his other duties as commissary of the Second Oregon Infantry. Second Lieut, F. A. Mead, acting ordnance officer, Second Oregon Infantry. In recommending these officers for promotion I desire to call attention to their untir- ing efforts and faithful performance of every duty assigned them, and furthermore, th successful accomplishment of same, as well as their consideration of the officers and men under them. I have the honor to recommend that medals of honor be granted Sergt. Maj. John W. Marshall, Second Oregon Infantry, Sergt. J. A. Anderson, in charge of section of Utah Light Artillery, and Private Gilbert F. Smith, Company F, Second Oregon Infantry, as evidence of meritorious and faithful services. In recommending Sergt. J. A. Anderson, I desire to call attention particularly to the efficient work of section of battery under his command in front of the enemy at Norzagaray on April 24th, when in face of the fire of the enemy, the artillery was moved on the firing line and advanced with the line on the road within four hundred yards of the enemy, and upon all other occasions this soldier is to be complimented upon the efficient manner in which he handled his piece and the effective execution. As a closing remark I desire to express my appreciation of having had the oppor- tunity of serving and being under the immediate command of an officer of the ability, tact, and consideration of the division commander, Maj. Gen. Henry W. Lawton. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, O. Summers, Brevet Briffadier General, Co^nmanding Provisional Brigade, First. Division, Eighth Army Corps. Report of Maj. P. G. Eastwick, Jr., Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Reconnoissance Near Angat, April 26, 1899. In the Field, Norzagaray, April 26, 1899. Adjutant, Second Oregon Infantry, U. 8. V. Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of reconnoissance made to-day from this point and on east side of the river as far as Angat. The command consisted of the following companies : B, M, G, and F, of the Second Regiment Oregon Volunteers, and left Norzagaray at 8.25 A. M., fording the river at a point six hundred yards south, upstream from the church. The depth of the stream was one and one half feet. From this point the command moved in a northerly direction, inclining slightly to the east, and at a distance of half a mile intersected a road with course due east and west. Turning to the east for a hundred yards we entered a small village, one of the buildings of which contained some three hundred bushels of rice and several hundred pounds of sugar. From this point northeast the command followed a trail or sled track for five hundred yards to a small creek, fordable at any point. Thence, ascending a small hill through a rolling country with cultivated fields and wooded knolls, the advance party was met by a fire from the insurgent outposts, placed at the top of the next rise, some three hundred yards beyond. The insurgents, some fifteen in number, under command of an officer, were driven back, retreating in a southeasterly direction. The command moved forward in a generally northerly direction, following the crest of the range of hills which tend in a north and south line, with flankers thrown out when the nature of the growth per- OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 593 mitted, though for the most part it was necessary to move in column of flies, with flanks unprotected. At nearly every prominent point was a small lookout station, and pile of brush for signal lights, which we burned. At the head of the creek, where the bridge turns sharply to the west, our advance party was again flred upon by the insur- gents from a ravine some four hundred yards to the northeast. The flre was returned with some eflfect, driving the insurgents into the brush. The command followed the ridge to the west to a point overlooking the river. At this point twenty-six insurgents were seen, and being flred on retreated to the northeast, leaving one wounded man, who is now in our hospital. The command then entered the valley and skirted the base of the ridge, halting at the river under the pro- tection of a bluflr for forty-five minutes for lunch. At 12.45 p. m. again taking up the march, ascended the next ridge, where the advance guard was met by a volley from some five insurgents in the valley on the other side. Returning the fire they were driven beyond the range. These insurgents were dressed in red uniforms and armed with Mausers and Remingtons. From this point could be seen many natives moving north. The command then proceeded on the ridge and to the ford, half a mile north of Angat. The water here was three feet deep at this ford, and, crossing at this point, a halt of forty-five minutes was made. The command then returned to the point by the road on the west side of the river, arriving at 4 p. m. In numerous places in the hills stores of rice, corn, and sugar were found, and also some few bolos, but no firearms. It is estimated that about six or seven insurgents were killed, and nine prisoners were taken and are now in confinement. Distance traveled estimated at ten miles. Attached hereto, marked "Exhibit A," is a sketch of the country traversed, and "Exhibit B" consists of some correspondence found in a house previously occupied by the insurgents. "Exhibit C" consists of insurgents' telegraphic dispatches concerning the uprising in Tondo of February 23, 1899. Very respectfully, p. q. Eastwick, Major Second Oregon. Report of Col. 0. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Operations Provisional Brigade, Near Marunco, April 29, 1899. Headquarters Provisional Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, April 29, 1S99. A.ssiSTANT Adjutant General: First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Angat, Luzon. Sir: In compliance with written instructions from the division commander, dated at Angat, April 28, 1899, my command, consisting of the Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U. S. v., and the Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., accompanied by Hawthorne's Battery {two guns) and Capt. J. F. Case, acting engineer ofl3cer. First Division, Eighth Army Corps, broke camp at 6 o'clock a. m., April 29, 1899, and crossing the Rio de Q,uingua, opposite Marunco, passing through the deserted town of Binabag, and pro- ceeded to cross the country, following trails and crossing streams and gulches, encoun- tering many obstacles necessitating the dismounting of the guns, which were transported by band. After going about two miles reached the main road leading to San Rafael and Pulo. Advanced on main road, passing through Pulo and Talocson, both villages being deserted. Arriving at a point about a quarter of a mile from San Rafael, the command, with the Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, deployed in line of skirmishers with left resting on road on left of line, with Second Oregon Infantry, IT. S. V., as support, advanced upon town and entered same at 12.30 o'clock, meeting with no opposition, and found the town deserted. Distance traveled, seven miles. 38 594 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. At 3.30 o'clock P. 51., in compliance with instructions from division commander, com- mand returned to Marunco, fording the river at Pulo, and arriving at camp at 6 o'clock p. M. By this route a distance of two miles was saved, distance traveled on return being five miles. From river bank opposite Marunco to main road leading to San Rafael, found the country very rough and broken ; no roads, only poor trails leading through dense thick- ets of underbrush, into deep gulches and over hills, utterly impassable for trains. Main road leading to San Rafael was found in fair condition, with the exception of one small bridge, which was easilj' repaired, and is passable for wagon train. No armed insurgents were seen. Total distance traveled, twelve miles. No casualties. Very respectfully, O. Summers, Colonel Second Oregon Infantry, U. 8. V., Commanding Provisional Brigade. Report of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, Commanding Provisional Brigade, of Capture of San Rafael, May 1, 1899. Headquakter.s Provisional Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, In the Field, San Rafael, Luzon, May 1, 1S99. A.ssisTANT Adjutant General, Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps. Sir : In compliance with General Field Orders No. 4, Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, dated Angat, Luzon, May 1, 1899, the Thirteenth Minnesota In- fantry, U. S. v., Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., Scott's battery, broke camp and left Marunco with wagon trains at 11. .50 o'clock a. m., May 1, 1899, and, crossing river at ford at Marunco, proceeded on the main road through Pulo to San Rafael. At a point about two miles from the ford the advance guard was fired upon by insurgent sharpshooters, who were dislodged, and therefore silenced, by scouts and flankers. Upon arrival within about one quarter of a mile of San Rafael the advance guard were fired upon from a bridge to the right and rear of the town. Two battalions Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. v., under command of Lieutenant Colonel Yoran, with instructions to clear the bridge and enter the town from the rear, proceeded to move against the enemy. Major Willis's battalion, deployed in line of skirmishers, advanced to the front. Major East- wick's battalion moved by the right flank. Scott's battery (three guns) supported by one battalion Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U. S. V., on the left of the line, proceeded down the road and entered the town at 4.20 o'clock p. m. After entering the town, enemy opened a heavy fire from across the river to the left and front of our line. Our troops were immediately thrown into position and returned the fire of the enemy. The com- manding general arrived by this time. Scott's battery was placed in position, and, after shelling the enemy's position for about thirty minutes, silenced their Are. The two battalions, Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., under command of Lieutenant Colonel Yoran, which had marched to the right, entered the town from the rear at 5.30 p. m., hav- ing forced the enemy back and from their position. The Third U. S. Infantry reported for duty to the brigade commander at 5.20 o'clock p. m. Distance traveled, about flve miles. The enemy were estimated to number about one thousand ; their loss was con- siderable — exact number not known. Our loss was as follows: Frank Lewis, private, Company F, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U. S. V., shot and killed ; William Betzold, private. Light Battery D, Sixth Artillery, slight gunshot wound in left arm; Edgar J. Chamberlin, corporal. Company K, Second Oregon, slight flesh wound through right leg above knee ; William E. Smith, private. Company K, Second Oregon, compound fracture of left arm ; John F. Reeves, OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 595 Company A, Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., gunshot wound through right leg, enter- ing above and coming out below knee. Private Frank Lewis was buried in the square in front of the church, it being impossible to transport his body. Very respectfully, O. Summers, Colonel Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, Commanding Provisional Brigade. Headquarters Provisional Brigade, Fir.st Division, Eighth Army Corps, In the Field, Baliuag, May 3, 1S99. Assistant Adjutant (jeneral,, Headquarterx First Division, Eighth Army Corps. Sir : Under the instructions from the division commander the Third U. S. Infantry, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U. S.V., Scott's battery. Second Oregon Infantry, U. S.V., and wagon trains left San Rafael at 6 o'clock a. m. of May 2, 1899, preceded by Capt. J. F. Case, acting enginee.- officer, and scouts, advanced on road to Baliuag. A short distance from San Rafael scouts and advance guard were repeatedly fired upon by sharpshooters of the enemy. The column passing through Pantubig, Caingin, and Casa Ha de Uto with one battalion of the Third U. S. Infantry in advance in line of skirmishers. Arriving at opening about half a mile from Baliuag fire was opened on our lines by the enemy, who held strong positions on the opposite side of opening, pro- tected by a line of bamboo thickets ; were also in front and to the left, from a strongly fortified position in the town of Santa Aeno. Scott's battery was immediately placed in position and opened fire on the enemy ; battalion Third U. S. Infantry deployed in line of skirmishers on the right. Commanding general arrived and assumed command. Under his direction battery ceased fire, it being reported from the line that a flag of truce was seen advancing toward our lines. By direction of the division commander, Capt. J. F. Case, acting engineer officer of the division, Sergeant Marshall, Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., and the commanding general's orderly, with a flag of truce, advanced toward the enemy's lines. Upon arriving at a point about four hundred yards from the enemy's line were flred upon by the enemy. They dismounted and retired as soon as possible. The Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U. S. V., were brought up on the right and deployed in line of skirmishers, facing across the front of the main line. In this position the lines were advanced and closed in on the town of Baliuag, and entered the town at 3.10 o'clock p. m., scouts having entered in advance of the main column and found the place deserted by the enemy. Distance traveled, about seven miles. Enemy's loss severe, but unable to estimate the numbers, it being reported from the line that large numbers of wounded could be seen carried upon stretchers. Our casualties were as follows : Jacob Fisher, corporal, Company E, Third U. S. Infan- try, flesh wound, dorsal side penis ; Frederick Miller, private, Company L, Third U. S. Infantry, penetrating wound left thigh and fracture of bone. The command after arriving in Baliuag were assigned quarters and went into camp. Outposts and street patrols were established and sentries posted over all Government property. Very respectfully, O. Summers, Colonel Second Oregon Infantry, TJ. S. V., Commanding Provisional Brigade. Report of Lieut. CoL Geo. O. Yoran, Commanding Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Capture of San Antonio, May 19, 1899. Headquarters Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., Cabiao, Luzon, May '20, 1899. Acting Assistant Adjutant General, Provisional Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps. Sir: I have the honor to report that the Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., pursuant 596 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. to General Orders No. 9, field series, and instrnctions from brigade commander, left San Isidro at 5 A. m., May 19th, and proceeded down the Rio Grande de Pampanga in south- west direction to a ford opposite the town of San Antonio. The blanket rolls were left with the mule teams. At 6.45 the advance guard crossed the river, and at 7.45 the regiment had finished crossing. Major Willis's battalion was thrown forward in skirmish order five or six hundred yards from the river, and halted to await the arrival of the scouts, who had gone down on the west side of the river. At 8.05 firing was heard ahead ; our scouts were engaging the enemy. Major Willis's battalion was ordered forward and instructed to engage the enemy as soon as the scouts were located. At 8.30 Lieutenant Thornton having sent a messenger to explain the position of the scouts and of the enemy, the First Battalion was again ordered forward, and soon engaged the enemy, driving them from the town, which we entered at 9 o'clock. We then proceeded down the river in skirmish order, keeping our left upon the river bank in touch with the Thirteenth Minnesota, U. S. V., on the opposite bank. About one mile below San Antonio passed through small native village. Halted at 11.15 for lunch. Continued advance at 11.50, Second Battalion, Major Eastwick, in advance. About 1 o'clock we ame in sight of Cabiao, on the opposite side of the river. The road upon which we had been traveling turns, leaving the river, and the dense jungle com- pelled us to take gravel beds along the river. Captain Case, who was our guide, crossed the river and soon sent back word for the regiment to follow. Fording the river at 3.30 p. M. we continued the march, entered Cabiao, and went into camp at 4.15 p. m. RespecfuUy, Geo. O. Yoran, Lieutenant Colonel, Commanding Second Oregon Infantry, U. 8. V. Telegram of Maj. Gen. H. W. Iiawton, U. S. V., Reporting Capture of San Antonio, Dated May 21, 1899. [ Telegram.] Map 21, 1S99. Adjutant General., Department of the Pacific. As we were about marching from San Isidro yesterday morning a few shots from the enemy were fired from the opposite side of the river. The following report which is repeated gives the result : In the Field, May SI, 1899. Adjutant General, First Division. Sir: I have the honor to report that in compliance with verbal orders from the general commanding I left San Isidro at 5.15 A. m. yesterday with the column of two battalions of the Second Oregon under Lieutenant Colonel Yoran and the scouts under Lieutenant Thornton, Second Oregon. The scouts crossed the river at San Isidro and worked southwest toward San Antonio. The column crossed the river opposite San Isidro and proceeded up the road to the town. The enemy opened fire at 8.05 from a position in the outside of the town, and the First Battalion under Major Willis was deployed and advanced, actively engaging the insurgents. The scouts had reached a point on the enemy's left and rear, and as soon as the enemy opened they poured in a destructive fire which threw the insurgents back in great disorder. I find that Colonel Tecson with six companies (about 5.50 men) comprised their force and, and as they left five dead on the field, I estimate their total loss at twenty-five. We had no casualties. Leaving San Isidro the column moved down the river without further event to a point opposite Cabiao where we recrossed and rejoined the command at 3.45 p. m. Respectfully, J. F. Case, Captain, Acting Engineer Officer. This detachment was from Colonel Summers's command. Attention is invited to the number of important engagements that Colonel Summers has had with the enemy as indicated by the dead and wounded found on the field and small loss on our side. Cap" tain Case, who practically directed the affair here reported, Is entitled to great credit and consideration, Lawton, Major General. KEPORT MAJ. GEN. H. W. LAWTON, U. S. V, OF EXPEDITION TO THK PROVINCE OF MORONG, JUNE 2 TO S, 1899. Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I., October 8, 1899. Adjutant General, United States Army, Washington, D. C. Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of an expedition for the pur- pose of driving the insurgents from Cainta, Taytay, and Antipolo into the Morong Pen- insula and then either capturing or destroying them. For the purpose of the expedition the following troops were ordered to concentrate at the pumping station: Troop I, Fourth U. S. Cavalry (mounted), Lieut. Cecil Stewart, commanding ; the dismounted squadron. Fourth U. S. Cavalry, Capt. G. H. G. Gale, commanding ; two battalions Fourth U. S. Infantry, Lieut. Col. J. M. Sanno, command- ing; one battalion Ninth U. S. Infantry, Capt. T. S. McCaleb, commanding; six compa- nies First Colorado Volunteer Infantry, Col. H. B. McCoy, commanding ; eleven compa- nies Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, Col. O. Summers, commanding; the Wyoming Volunteer Infantry Battalion, Maj. F. M. Foote, commanding; and a provisional bat- tery consisting of one platoon of Light Battery E, First U. S. Artillery, caliber 1.65 inches, Lieut. Alston Hamilton, and one platoon of Hawthorne's mountain battery, calibers inches, all under the command of First. Lieut. H. L. Hawthorne, Sixth U. S. Artillery. The total force numbered one hundred and two commissioned officers and two thousand four hundred and forty-seven men. The command of this part of the expedition was given to Brig. Gen. Robert H. Hall, U. S. V. To act in conjunction with the above command, the following troops were ordered to proceed to Pasig and report to Col. John W. Wholley, First Washington Volunteer Infantry: First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry, Lieut. Col. W. C. Treumann, com- manding; eight companies First Washington Volunteer Infantry, Lieut. Col. W. J. Fife, commanding ; one battalion Twelfth U. S. Infantry, Maj. H. L. Haskell, command- ing ; one platoon Dyer's (D) battery. Sixth U. S. Artillery, Lieut. E. D. Scott, com- manding. The plan of the expedition was as follows: Halls's column was to start from the pumping station, moving across the Mariquina Valley, clearing the country of insur- gents, and marching with the view of placing the head of the column east of Antipolo and toward Teresa. Here line was to be formed, facing west or south of west. An advance in line was then to be made for the purpose of capturing Morong and Taytay, and driving the insurgents into the Morong Peninsula. In the mean time the force under Colonel Wholley was to make a demonstration against Cainta, and later, if the insurgents were driven into the peninsula, the First Washington Regiment was to proceed in cascoes from Pasig to Morong to complete the victory. 598 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. The gunboats in the lake were to silence the enemy's battery at Angono. The movement commenced at 5 o'clock A. m., June 3, 1899. As it was known that the country to be traversed was rough and hilly and unfit for wagons, the troops were ordered to carry two days' rations in their haversacks. Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, supported by the dismounted squadron, same regiment, was sent down the San Mateo River to capture the enemy's outpost. The Colorado reg- iment was sent up the river to advance on Mariquina. Neither force encountered any enemy, and joined the main column which was marching across the valley under the guidance of two natives. These guides professed a complete knowledge of all trails across the mountains, but their information was of little value, as the recent rains had changed the face of the country so that ravines and trails that were reported practicable were found to be impassable for footmen or the small-wheeled vehicles. Much time was lost building bridges. The ambulances that it was intended should accompany this column were sent back. The column advanced with much difficulty, and finally, at 11.20 A. M., encountered a small force of the enemy. The cavalry soon cleared the coun- try, but as the enemy was seen to be concentrating in considerable force, the Second Oregon Regiment and the Fourth United States Infantry were deployed with battery in the rear. No serious resistance was encountered during the remainder of the day's march until 4 o'clock p. m., when the enemy made a decided stand, being so placed as to bring to bear a fire from three directions. The Second Oregon and Fourth Infantry and the cavalry were deployed and after a brisk engagement of an hour and a half the enemy was driven off. While this engagement was in progress the Ninth Infantry, acting as a rear guard, was also engaged. Casualties : Killed — two enlisted men Fourth Cavalry, one enlisted man Second Ore- gon Volunteer Infantry; wounded — four enlisted men Fourth Cavalry, six enlisted men Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. The column bivouacked on the scene of this last engagement. Meanwhile, at 1.30 p. m., the cominand under Colonel WhoUey moved out from Pasig, the First North Dakota Infantry moving on the right of Cainta, the Washington Infantry moving on the left, and the battalion of the Twelfth Infantry having the center. One gun went with the North Dakotas and one with the Washingtons. Cainta was captured without serious resistance. The gunboats, under command of Captain Grant, participated in the movement bj' shelling the insurgent lines at Taytaj' and Cainta, and later at Angono. The North Dakotas, Scott's guns, and the battalion of the Twelfth Infantry were left to cover this line, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Treumann. For a time a sharp fire was encountered, darkness putting an end to the conflict. The Washington regiment was in the mean time withdrawn to Pasig, where they were placed on cascoes. The next morning Hall's column entered the town of Antipolo with little resistance. The town was found to be practically deserted. About one thousand Mauser and two thousand and five hundred Remington cartridges were found ; also a small number of 3.2-inch shells, and some improvised canister of same caliber. About 10 o'clock a. m. General Hall's column set out for Taytay, and about two miles from Antipolo the other column under Lieutenant Colonel Treumann was met. This latter column had entered Taytay about 7.80 a. m. without resistance. The insurgents, upon leaving Taytay, had fired the church at this place. The troops in both columns were suffering greatly from the heat, and many had fallen out exhausted. A halt was ordered and rations were issued. About 3 o'clock p. m. the march was resumed. General Hall's column was ordered back to Antipolo, and thence to Morong. Colonel Treumann's column was ordered to Morong via the west side of the peninsula. Meanwhile the Washington regiment had gone to Morong in cascoes, where they had landed under the protecting fire of the gunboats, and after a short but sharp fight had taken the town. The enemy's loss was nine killed and five wounded. Ours, none. ORKGON VOLUNTKKRS IN SPANISH WAR. 599 Hall's c't)luinn readied Moiong at 11 o'clock a. m. on the tifth of J unc, after an exceed- ingly hot and exhausting march, many of the men being overcome by the excessive heat. The same afternoon the Washington regiment was embarked on cascoes and returned to its original stations. The Second Oregon returned to Manila on cascoes on June (ith. At 1 o'clock p. M. on June 6th General Hall's column took up the return march via Binaugonan, the dismounted squadron of the Fourth Cavalry being left at Morong as a garrison. This latter organization was later reonforced by the First North Dakota Regiment. The remainder of Colonel Treumanu's column, consisting of the battalion of the Twelfth Infantry and the platoon of artillery, joined General Hall's column at Binan- gonan. At Angonoit was found that the Krupp gun which had fired on and hit the gunboat Napindan had been removed, probably to Santa Maria de Bulacan. The whole command then proceeded to the pumping station, and thence to their original positions on the line. The difficulties experienced in this expedition in the way of bad roads and excessive heat were very great, and all the troops engaged deserve special credit for the splendid way in wliich these difficulties were overcome. The sharp and decisive manner in which the Washington Regiment, under Colonel Wholley, captured Morong without the loss of a man is worthy of especial mention, as is also the efficient manner in which the battalion of the Twelfth Infantry, Major Haskell commanding, consisting of four companies, relieved at Cainta the eight companies of the Washington Regiment. The manner in which the artillery under Lieutenants Hawthorne, Hamilton, and Scott was handled, with green and insufficient transportation, reflects great credit on these young officers. Maj. C. R. Edwards, assistant adjutant general, U. S. V., adjutant general of the division at Pasig, kept the division commander informed of the situation and superin- tended the movement of the gunboats, and Colonel Wholly's command contributed in no small degree to the success of this portion of the expedition. An appendix embodying copies of brief reports rendered to the department com- mander; reports of subordinate commanders which were at the time forwarded; of correspondence, orders, in fact every available record pertaining to the expedition, is hereto attached and should be read in connection with the text of this report. Attention is invited to final reports of subordinate commanders, which are, as a rule, so complete and lucid as to merit especial commendation. Very respectfully, H. W. LAWTON, Major Oeneral, U. S. V.. Connnanding. REPORT mm. GEN. EGBERT H. HALL,U. 8. V., Commanding Thibd Brigade, Second Division, Eighth Army Corps. OF OPERATIONS OF HIS BRIGADE ON MORONG EXPEDITION, JUNE 2 TO 8, 1899. Headquarters Third Brigade, Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, Deposito, Manila, P. I., June 9, 1S99. Adjutant General, First Division, Eighth Army Corps. Sir: Pursuant to instructions from the commanding general, First Division, I have the honor to report on the operations of my command in its movement to the east and south, from the 2d to the 8th instant. The purpose of the movement was the capture of Autlpolo and Taytay and the driv- ing of the insurgents at those places into the Morong Peninsula, where they were to be assailed by a force which would be landed below them and advanced on their rear from the south. It was believed that Antipolo, although regarded by the insurgents with particular sanctity, was not prepared to resist attack from either the east or north, and the march of the troops under my command was to be so conducted as to approach the town on those sides. After dark on the 2d instant I concentrated in bivouac, near the pumping station, the following-named organizations which had been directed to report to me for active field duty: Fourth Infantry (eight companies); Ninth Infantry (four companies); First Colo- rado Volunteer Infantry (six companies); Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry (eleven companies); First Wyoming Volunteer Infantry (four companies); Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, mounted (one company); Troops C, G, and L, Fourth Cavalry, dismounted (three companies); detachment Light Battery E, First Artillery (two Hotchkiss moun- tain guns); detachment Hawthorne's moutain battery (two guns). Total force number- ing one hundred and two commissioned officers, and two thousand four hundred and seventy-four enlisted men. The advance across the San Mateo River was begun at 5 a. m. on the 3d instant. The mounted troop, supported by the dismounted squadron was sent down the river with the view of capturing the enemy's outposts, which had been reported as being of late numerous and enterprising. At the same time the battalion of Colorado Infantry was sent up the river to advance on Mariquina from the east and north, in the hope that the enemy in the town might be thus captured or destroyed. Neither of these detachments found any force with which to deal. In the mean time the remainder of the column was marching across the San Mateo Valley conducted, after the mounted troop rejoined, by two native guides who professed an accurate knowledge of the country. Ravines which were dry only a few days before, were found, two of them, to be impassible by footmen or wheeled vehicles. Much lime OREGON VOLUNTKERS IN SPANISH WAR. 601 was lost in crossing these ravines, and the commanding general ordered from tiie pump- ing station that the ambulances be sent there. The four gun carriages, several flimsy carts, which had been furnished for the transportation of artillery ammunition, and which proved to be utterly worthless for such purposes, besides an escort wagon for the ammunition and supplies of Light Battery E, First Artillery, now comprised the wheeled vehicles with the column. While endeavoring to eflect the crossing of the second ravine the head of the column was flred upon at 11.20 a. m., from the left and front, by a small party of insurgents. The cavalry was sent against them and speedily brushed them away. In the mean time the enemy, in considerable force, was concentrating on the hills through which led the trail we were following, and as their firing increased the Second Oregon Infantry was deployed against their position, with the Fourth Infantry on its right. The guns went into action in rear of the Oregon regiment. The enemy did not make a s^and worthy of the name either here or elsewhere during the day, until late in the evening, although the advance guard and flankers were continually under Are. The mountain trail, now leading in a southerly direction, was in many places in such condition as to require much and severe labor to render it passable, and this again delayed the march. At length, at 4 p. m., as the head of the column debouched from a difllcult and sunken road east of the hills over- looking Taytay, it was fired upon by bodies of insurgents who were so placed on the hills as to concentrate their fire from three directions upon the troops as they appeared at the mouth of the ravine. The Second Oregon Infantry, the Fourth Infantry, and the dis- mounted cavalry squadron were at once thrown against the insurgent position, and the enemy, after a sharp action for an hour and a half, retired and was no more seen or heard from on this day. While this action was in progress in front, the battalion of the Ninth Infantry acting as rear guard was engaged with a body of the enemy in rear, and was also successful. The command bivouacked for the night on the site of this engagement. The hope I had formed of reaching Antipolo by 1 o'clock of this day was not realized, solely because of the unanticipated condition of the trails by which the command was obliged to move and the delay thus experienced. At 5 A. M. on the 4th instant the march was resumed. The Second Oregon regiment, with the battalion of the Ninth Infantry on its left, was deployed on the hills extend- ing east from the rear of Taytay, to prevent advance of the enemy from the latter place, while the remainder of the column continued on the trail. The killed and wounded and the considerable number of men otherwise di.sabled were transported by litters by Chinese coolies and insurgent prisoners, following the Oregon regiment over the hills, with a view of thus reaching the main road between Antipolo and Taytay, upon which the ambulances were to reach us. The escort wagon with the battery ammuni- tion also followed the Oregon regiment. Small parties of insurgents were encountered, and flred on the column at long ranges from the south of the trail, but were easily driven away without impeding the march. No serious resistance was encountered, although a force to the number of some Ave hun- dred was observed on hills to the northeast. At 9.10 a. m. the church of Antipolo was sighted a mile away. The Colorado and Wyoming battalions were sent to the north and east of the town, and the dismounted squadron and the Fourth Infantry battalion to the west, and all advanced in extended order simultaneously. No enemy was met, and indeed the town was found to be unoccupied by combatants and almost by civil- ians. In the church was found about one thousand Mauser cartridges about two thou- sand five hundred Remington ca7'tridges, a small number of .3.2-inch shells, and impro- vised canister of the same caliber. All these were thrown into a well, and this was, I believe, all the destruction wrought by the command in Antipolo. After occupying the town for about an hour the march to Taytay was taken up in accordance with the plan prepared before the movement began. The division com- mander was met about two miles from Antipolo, and he ordered that the column be marched to Morong and thence by the road on the east side of the peninsula to Taytay and Cainta and so to its starting point. As many of the men had been without food 602 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. since 4 a. m. of the previous day, I was autliorized to halt the column in the road and await the arrival of the wagons then en route to us. The dead and wounded and the physically exhausted were sent to Pasig by the ambulances which accompanied the wagon train. The escort wagon it had been deemed necessary to destroy because of the impracticability of the trail it was compelled to follow. The artillery ammunition was distributed among the carts. At 3 p. M. the return march to Autipolo was taken up. On reaching the place it was found that several hundred natives had already returned since we had left it in the morning, and between this and Teresa many more were met going in. By many of them I was told that the insurgent garrison, numbering some Ave hundred, with Pio del Pilar in command, had abandoned Antipolo between 3 and 4 o'clock on the morn- ing of that day, and gone toward Bosoboso. I had no means of verifying this statement. Teresa was reached and bivouac made at 7 a. m., but the difficulties of the road were such that the wagons did not arrive until the following morning, the 5th instant. Many of the people remaining in Teresa informed me that the garrison of about two hundred men precipitatelj^ vacated when our advance guard appeared, and stated that they were to go to Santa Maria de Bulacan. After the men had breakfasted, the road to Morong was taken and that place reached at 11.30 a. m. The First Washington Volunteer Infan- try was found in possession of the town, but were relieved and embarked on cascoes later in the daj- to return to Pasig, the station from which they came. On reaching the town, and for an hour or more thereafter, the outposts of this regi- ment were engaged with those of the insurgents at long-range firing. Lieutenant Franklin of the gunboat Xapinddn, which was l.ving off the place, signaled me of the presence of a small body of the enemy within easy range of him, but hidden by hills from view from the town, and at my request he drove they away. I was here again visited by the division commander, who informed me that rations for the command would arrive by water on the following morning, when I was to replenish the supplies and resume the march. At 1 P. M. on the Gth instant, after the issue of three days' rations to each organiza- tion, except the dismounted squadron, which by order of the divi.sion commander was left at Morong, and the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantrj', which, by the same author- ity, was embarked on cascoes to return to Manila, the route for Binangonan, by the way of Cardova, was taken. The divisions comma uder was again at Morong during the unloading of the rations. The remainder of the march was uneventful. At Cardova the First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry was found, and in compliance with the division commander's instructions the colonel was directed to move it to Morong and there take station. At the entrance of the town of Angono two battery emplacements were found judi- ciously placed to flank the Krupp gun which the enemy formerly had in position there. Both of these were burned. I was given much gossijj but no definite information as to the disposition which had been made of this gun. There were no traces of its having been buiied nor any trail to indicate that it had been dragged away, although the pre- vailing talk indicated that it had been so removed to Santa Maria de Bulacan. Bivouac was made at Binangonan, where the command was joined by a battalion of the Twelfth Infantry and a platoon of Light Battery D, Sixth Artillery. At 5 a. m. of the 7th instant the column was put in motion, and, marching by the way of Taytay and Cainta, reached the San Mateo River, where it was divided, the battalion of the Twelfth Infantry and the platoon of the Sixth Artillery marching to Pasig, the mounted troop of the Fourth C'avah\v and the battalion of the Colorado regiment continuing the march to their respective stations, and the remaining organizations bivouacing for the night at Santa- Ion. Before noon of the following day, the 8th instant, all the organizations had been returned to the positions from which they had been drawn. Our losses in action dui'ing the expedition numbered: Killed — Fourth Cavalry, two sergeants; Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, one private. Wounded — Fourth Cav- alry, four privates; First Colorado Volunteer Infantry, one private; Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, five privates. Total, three killed and ten wounded. Eighty-four OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 603 men wore reported disabled from other causes, principally exhaustion. A noniinal list of the casualties is attached. The heat was oppressive while we were absent, the roads were exceptionally difficult, and the men had but little to eat. These are the probable reasons why so many men are reported to have been physically exhausted during the march. The losses sustained by the insurgents can only be appro.ximated. Ten of their dead were found in our front in various places, and of the forty prisoners taken one had been wounded. In action the troops in general behaved admirably. The gallantry and dash with which the Fourth Infantry battalion and the Second Oregon regiment assaulted and drove the enemy from the hills on the afternoon of the od instant were especially com- mendable. Instances ot zeal and energy coming under my own observation are remarked in the cases of First Lieut. G. B. Duncan, Fourth Infantry, acting assistant adjutant general ; First Lieut. H. W. French, Seventeenth Infantry, and Second Lieut. Halstead Dorey, Fourth Infantry, aide-de-camp; CoL Owen Summers, Second Oregon Volunteer Infan- try, and Capt. G. H. G. Gale and First Lieut. Cecil Stewart, Fourth Cavalry. A copy of the report of each of the subordinate commanders is herewith transmitted. Very respectfully, ROBERT H. HALL, Brigadier Generaf, U. S. V., Oimmanding. Report of Brevet Brig. Gen. 0. Summers, Commanding' Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Operations of His Regiment on Morong Expedition, June 2 to 7, 1899. Hkadquarteks Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., Cuartel de Esjxina, Manila, P. I., June 11, 1S'J9. Assistant Adjutant General. Fimt Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps. Sir: I have the honor to make the following report of the operations of my com- mand during the campaign from pumping station to Morong : In compliance with instructions from the commanding officer of the First Division, and further instructions from the brigade commander, eleven companies of the Second Oregon Infantrj% U. S. V. (32 officers, 577 enlisted men), left these barracks at 3.30 P. M. on June 2, 1899, with wagon train carrying three days' rations, and proceeded to the Deposlto, and on arrival reported to the brigade commander at 5.30 o'clock p. m. After a short rest command marched to a point about one mile this side of pumping station, and in compliance with instructions bivouacked for the night at 7.25 o'clock p. m. Dis- tance traveled, about nine miles. The following morning, June 3d, left camp at 4 a. m. and advanced on road to pump- ing station, crossing river at that point, and took position in column in rear of troop of mounted cavalry, and advanced beyond Mariquina, then turned back part way, and after erection of a temporary bridge, cros.sed same. At this point a detachment of the cavalry was sent to the front and left to reconnoiter and develop the Are of a small force of the enemy. The Third Battalion, Captain Heath commanding, was deployed in line of skirmishers, with left resting on road, and advanced to the front and engaged the enemy, who occupied a strong po.sition in the hills in our front. The Second Battalion, Major Eastwick commanding, advanced on the left of Third Battalion and was deployed to their left, the First Battalion following as support, and with the assistance of the battery drove the enemy from their position over the mountains. Private Ezra Kirk, Company H, slight wound in left wrist. After a short lest the column then advanced toward Antipolo, the Fourth Cavalry in advance. After marching about two and one half miles the advance guard of the cav- 604 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. airy was flred upon by the enemy, who held strong position on mountain on left ; also from position in our front and from our right. First Battalion, Major Willis command- ing, advanced in column of flies and formed line of skirmishers and advanced to the right. The Second Battalion, Major Eastwick commanding, deployed and formed line of skirmishers to the left. The Third Battalion, Captain Heath commanding, advanced and formed line of skirmishes to thelfront. After engagement lasting three-quarters of an hour, the enemy were driven from their position, the First Battalion advancing over the mountain on the right to a point about one and one half miles east of Taytay. The Third Battalion advanced over the mountain on the left, driving the enemy from their position, and held position gained until dark, then retired to village at foot of hill and camped for the night. Distance traveled, about fifteen miles. William WcElwain, private, Company H, killed ; Austin J. Saulsbury, private. Company H, wounded in head, slight; Clayton Ranson, private. Company L, wounded in the head, slight; Henry M. Wagner, private. Company B, wounded in back, serious ; Elmer L. Doolittle, private, Company C, wounded in right arm, severe. The enemy's force was estimated to be about three hundred. Was unable to estimate their loss, which was severe. Eight prisoners were captured, together with six rifles. The following morning, June 4th, left camp at 5 a. m., the lines formed with the Second Oregon on the right, and took position on top of mountain east of Taytay and exchanged a few shots with the enemy fleeing over the mountains toward Antipolo. At 3.30 p. M. the column was again formed and crossed over mountains on the Calle Real, passing through Antipolo and marched down to Teresa, arriving at 8.30 p. m., and camped for the night. Distance traveled, about fourteen miles. The following morning, June 5th, column left Teresa at 8.45 and marched to Moi-ong, arriving at that point at 12 o'clock noon, and embarked on cascoes for Manila, the First Battalion arriving at barracks at 6.30 p. m., the Third Battalion and two companies of the Second arriving at 10.20. Companies C and G, Second Battalion, arrived the follow- ing morning, June 7th, at 11 a. m. Distance traveled, about thirty miles. Very respectfully, O. Summers, Brevet Brigadier General, Commanding Second Oregon Infantry, U. 8. V. APPENDIX. ORDERS MOBILIZATION AND ORGANIZATION OF OREGON VOLUNTEERS. Headquarters Oregon Nationai^ Guard, Adjutant General's Office, Salem. Oregon, April 25, 189S. General Orders No. 1). I. The commanding officer of each infantry company is directed to immediately recruit his command to the maximum strength authorized by paragraph 17 of the regu- lations. II. Commanding officers of Companies A, B, C, D, E, V, H, I, and detachment of the Hospital Corps, Second Regiment; commanding officers. Companies C, D, and G, and detachment of the Hospital Corps, Third Battalion ; separate Companies B and P, will, within twenty-four (24) hours after the receipt of this order, proceed from their respective stations to Portland with their commands, armed and equipped for active service in the field. Commanding officers. Companies A, C, E, G, H, I, K, detachment of the Hospital Corps, First Regiment, Battery A, the Engineer and Signal Corps, will assemble in their respective quarters, armed and equipped for active service in the field forty-eight (48) hours after the receipt of this order. III. Each of the organizations above designated stationed outside of Portland, will be furnished transportation to Portland on application to the agent of the railroad com- pany at their respective stations, and will provide sufficient cooked rations for their commands till arrival in Portland. Until further orders, the detachment of the Hospital Corps, Second Regiment, will be attached to Company F, Second Regiment. The commanding officer. Third Bat- talion, will communicate with the commanding officer, detachment of the Hospital Corps, Third Battalion, and arrange their transportation and departure so as to embark on the same train as Company G, Third Battalion, to which they will be attached till further orders. IV. Upon arrival at Portland, the commanding officers of companies will proceed with their commands to the Multnomah County Armory, where they will be furnished quarters till further orders, and will immediately thereafter report in person to the brigade commander in the armory. Commanding officers, First Regiment, Battery A, the Engineer and Signal Corps, will report in person to the brigade commander as soon as their commands have assembled. V. The following articles of uniform and equipment will be furnished each enlisted man, by their commanding officers, when the supply is sufficient; deficiencies will be supplied at Portland : 608 APPENDIX. TO BE WORN ON THE PERSON. One campaign hat (forage cap for deficiencies when not suflicient campaign hats on hand). One blouse. One pair trousers. One pair leggings. TO BE CARRIED BY THE MEN. One rifle, with bayonet. One woven belt, with bayonet scabbard. One Merriam pack (when supplied). One haversack. One canteen. One tin cup (quart), to be attached to canteen or haversack, TO BE CARRIED IN THE HAVERSACK. One meat ration can (when supplied). One knife, table. One fork, table. One spoon, table. One tin plate (if no meat ration can). One trumpet and cord, by each musician. The following articles, rolled together in a bundle, blanket on the outside, and securely bound with rope or straps, with the name, company, and regiment of the owner marked on a tag of wood or pasteboard, and securely attached to it will be allowed as baggage, viz : One blanket (to be issued). One overcoat (to be issued). EACH OFFICER AND ENLISTED MAN TO SUPPLY HIMSELF WITH — One'change of underclothing. Two pair of woolen socks. Two handkerchiefs. One comb. One towel. One small piece of soap. Enlisted men provided with a Merriam pack will carry the articles of personal apparel in the pack. In addition to the above articles of personal apparel, each officer and enlisted man should provide himself with one heavy overshirt (woolen and of blue color preferred), also a pair of broad, thicksoled shoes. No other articles than those named will be allowed enlisted men. Commanding officers will be held to a strict accountability that the above is rigidly complied with. VI. Company commanders will take with them to Portland their descriptive books, retained copies of muster rolls, and State and United States property returns for the last quarter. Commanding officers of the detachments of the Hospital Corps, Second Regiment and Third Battalion will prepare, in duplicate, muster rolls of the corps made up to and including the date of departure of the detachment from their station, showing the name of each member of the corps on that date ; opposite the name of each, the notation whether present or absent, (present those actually present for service), and all changes since last muster, one copy to be placed in the hands of the commanding officer of the company to which attached, the other retained. VII. Commanding officers of companies will box all serviceable campaign hats, blouses, trousers, leggings, overcoats, blankets, rifles, bayonets, bayonet scabbards, APPENDIX. 609 woven belts, canteens, haversacks, screwdrivers, sh,ell extractors, spring vices, and tum- bler punches, not actually issued to the men, in suitable cases for shipment and ship as baggage on the same train with troops. Articles of clothing, equipment, and rifles to be packed in separate cases, each case bearing on the outside the name of the olticer, his company and regiment, and the num- ber of each article contained therein. Mess pans, camp kettles, frying pans, skimmers, bread knives, butcher knives, butcher steels, salt dredgers, pepper dredgers, soup ladles, blasting spoons, flesh forks, and such extra supply of meat ration cans, tin cups, knives (table), forks (table), spoons (table), and tin plates as are not issued to the men will be carefully packed in the mess chest and shipped with the troops, care being exercised that the chest is locked and the keys secure. The quartermasters. Second Regiment and Third Battalion, will carefully pack, invoice, and ship to the Quartermaster General, Portland, with the troops, all articles available for issue in their possession mentioned above as required of company com- manders (not provided for in paragraph IX of this order) taking receipts and giving invoices in duplicate therefor. All ofhcers ordered into Portland pursuant to this order, responsible for property, will bring with them their retained copies of returns of State and United States property for the last quarter. VIII. Commanding officers of companies, battery, and corps, will arrange for the proper care and safe keeping of the armories, records, and property for which they are accountable, left at the station of their respective organizations, before their departure therefrom, by designating some reliable person to have charge of the same during their tour of active duty, or until otherwise directed from this office (preferably a member of the Oregon National Guard, incapacitated for active service, or a bondsman), reporting the name of such person to these headquarters, in writing, without delay. Bonded offi- cers will be held to a strict accountability for compliance with these instructions. IX. The commanding officer of the detachment of the Hospital Corps, Second Regi- ment, will transfer to the commanding officer Company F, Second Regiment ; the com- manding officer, detachment of the Hospital Corps, Third Battalion, to the command- ing officer Company G, Third Battalion, all State and United States property in the possession of the enlisted men designated in paragraph III and such additional property enumerated in paragraph VII of this order as may be in their possession, invoices and receipts being exchanged in duplicate for transfers made, separate invoices and receipts being exchanged for State and United States property. X. Nothing in this order shall be construed to apply to any enlisted man who has not signified his willingness to enlist in the volunteer service of the United States, or who has not passed a physical examination by a medical officer of the Oregon National Guard. XI. Until further orders the examination herein designated will be commanded and accompanied to Portland by the senior officer in command only. By order of the Commander-in-Chief: B. B. Tuttle, Official: Adjutant General. J. C. RuTENiC, Assistant Adjutant General. Portland, Oregon, April 30, 1898. To the Adjutant General, O. N. G., Portland, Orepon. Sir : I have the honor to report that in compliance with General Orders No. 0, c. s., Adjutant General's office, dated April 2,5th, the following infantry troops of this brigade, namely, separate companies B and P, Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, I, and the detachment of Hospital Corps, Second Regiment, Companies C, D, G, and detachment of Hospital Corps, Third Battalion, arrived at Portland to-day and were encamped on the grounds of the Irvington Racetrack Association, at Irvington Park, East Side, this city. I have caused an encampment ground to be laid out at this location, including fa('ilities for the care of 800 officers and cnlislrd men. It is evident from iufoniiation received from 39 6W APPENDIX. Captain Kendall, who is understood from press reports to have been detailed as the mustering officer for the purpose of mustering Oregon National Guard troops into the service of the United States, that he has not as yet been officially advised of this detail and has received no instructions or supplies in connection with the performance of this duty. I deemed it wiser with a view of saving expense to defer assembling the First Regi- ment companies in their armory until Monday, May 1st. For all information as to details in connection with the establishment of the camp above designated and delay in assembling the First Regiment companies, I have the honor to refer you to Special Orders Nos. 24, 25, and 26, c. s., and General Orders No. 2, these headquarters, dated April 27th to 29th, duplicate copies of which respectively have been duly forwarded to your office. I have the honor to remain sir, very respectfully. Your obedient servant. Chari.es F. Beebe, Brigadier Oeneral. Headquarters Brigade, O. N. G., Portland, Oregon, April 37, 1S9S. Special Orders No. 24. I. Maj. H. E. Mitchell is hereby directed to forthwith prepare ground for an encamp- ment of infantry troops to arrive from stations outside of Portland, on the racetrack at Irvington Park. Preparations will be made to encamp about 800 enlisted men, and the officers who may be with them, as prescribed in General Orders No. 9, c. s., Adjutant General's office, dated April 25th. These grounds will be in readiness for occupation by troops not later than Friday afternoon, April 29th. Tentage and all necessary quarter- master stores will be taken to the grounds, and tents erected and in readiness for occupa- tion. The camp will be laid out, tents placed, company kitchens and sinks established under the direction of Capt. J. F. Case, First Infantry. The brigade quartermaster is charged with responsibility for the safe keeping of all property taken to and left on the grounds prior to the turning over of same to the custody of camp commander. II. Maj. D. J. Moore, the brigade commissary, will provide for the subsistence of troops to be encamped on the racetrack at Irvington Park, and to be quartered in the First Regiment Armory, as directed under General Orders No.9,c. s.. Adjutant General's office, dated April 25th. He will complete all the necessary arrangements so as to be in readiness upon the arrival of the troops from their respective stations. III. Capt. J. F. Case, First Infantry, will proceed to the ractrack at Irvington Park on Thursday morning, April 28th, for the purpose of laying out encampment grounds for occupation by troops as directed under General Orders No. 9, c. s.. Adjutant General's office, dated April 25th, and in accordance with plans promulgated from these head- qu^arters. By command of Brigadier General Beebe : George T. Willett, Assistant Adjutant General. Headquarters Brigade, O. N. G., Portland, Oregon, April 28, 1898. Special Orders, No. 25. Pursuant to orders from the Adjutant General's office, paragraph 11, General Orders, No. 9, c. s.. Adjutant General's office, so far as relates to companies of the First Regi- ment, Battery A, Engineer and Signal Corps, to be assembled in their respective quarters forty-eight hours after the receipt of orders is annulled, and the organizations named will assemble as follows : Companies A, C, E, G, H, I, K, and detachment of the Hospital Corps, First Regiment, the Engineer and Signal Corps will assemble at 8 o'clock a. bi., Mondaj' May 2, 1898. Battery A will assemble on a date to be designated later. This action is made neces- sary on account of delay in the muster into the sei'vice of the United States, till Monday or Tuesday, May 2d or 3d. By command of Brigadier General Beebe: George T. Willett, Assistant Adjutant General. APPKNDIX. 611 HEAUCiUARTBKS BRIGADE, O. N. G., Portland, Oregon, April 2S, 1S9S. Special Orders, No. 26. First Lieut. George W. Povey, commanding I<]iigincer Corps, is hereby directed to report in fatigue uniform witli liis command to Maj. H. E. Mitchcil, quartermaster brigade staff, at these lieadquarters, Friday, April 20th, at cS.SO o'clocli A. m. sharp for .service until relieved. By command of Brigadier (Jeneral Beebe: George T. Willett, Assistant Adjutant General. Headquarters Brigade, O. N. G., Portland, Oregon, April '29, 1898. General Orders, No. 2. I. Theencampmentof troops of this brigade, established on the racetrack grounds at Irvington Park for the purpose of mobilization and muster into service of the United States will be known as "Camp McKlnley," in honor of the President. II. Troops to arrive in Portland from outside stations, as directed under General Orders, No. 9, c. s., Adjutant General's ofHce, dated April 2.5th, will, upon arrival at the Union depot, proceed at once to Camp McKinley and take station there. III. The Brigade Quarterniaster will arrange for the transportation of all baggage and stores of every de.scription brought by the commanding offlcers of companies from outside stations from the Union depot to camp. IV. Lieut. Col. C. U. Gantenbein, First Infantry, is hereby detailed as commanding officer of Camp McKinley, and will prescribe rules and regulations for its government. He will make such details as may be necessary to carry this order into effect. The com- manding offlcers of companies will, immediately upon arrival at camp, report in person to him, and receive instructions as to locating their commands. V. Maj. James McI. Wood, brigade ordnance officer, will be present at the Union depot on Saturday, Api-il 30th, upon the arrival of the following trains: Via. Oregon Railway and Navigation Company, arriving at 7.20 a. m., and 10.15 a. m., via Southern Pacific Company, west side, ariiving at 8.25 a. m., via Southern Pacific Company, east side, arriving at 9.30 A. M. and 4.30 p. m., for the purpose of communicating the purport of this order to the commanding offlcers of companies Immediately upon their arrival by these trains. By command of Brigadier General Beebe: George T. Willett, Assistant Adjutant General. Portland, Oregon, May 2, 189S. To the Adjutant General, O. N. G., Portland, Oregon. Sir : I have the honor to inform you that in compliance with orders from these head- quarters Companies A, C, E, G, H, I, K, and detachment of Hospital Corps, First Regi- ment, the Engineer Corps and Signal Corps assembled in the Multnomah County Armory this morning for the purpo.se of muster into the service of the United States. Immediately thereafter I directed Companies A and K, First Infantry, under command of Captain Wells, lo proceed to Camp McKinley and take station there. For all detail in connection of assembling of troops above designated and full infor- mation with reference to instructions prescribed for the government, botli of this station and Camp McKinley, I respectfully refer you to General Orders, No. 8, c. s., these headquarters, dated May 1st, and Special Orders, No. 27, c. s., these headquarters, bearing to-day's date, duplicate copies of which, respectively, have been duly forwarded to your office. The requirements under General Orders, No. 9, c. s., Adjutant (General's ofiice, dated April 25th, concerning the assembling of troops of this brigade for the purpose of muster into the service of the United States have l)eeM fully complied Willi, I have the honor t'.is San 1 rancisco. William H. Roberts B___ Ashland Aug. 20, isiiN San Francisco. Richard E. Perry A North Yamhill Aug. 2.5, 1S!)S Manila. William Fields (H. C.) L-_ The Dalles Sept. 8, isiis cavitp. Asa McCune _ A___i Carlton Sept. 5, 1>-H>; San Francisco. Charles E. Miuier . _ M __ Silverton Sept. 14, ls'!"S At sea. George W. Starmer B___ Roseburg Sept. G 1 Portland Sept. 27, 1S9S Manila. Frank G. Rofeno 22, isits Manila. Ormond Fletcher M —1 Portland Sept. 24, isys Honolulu. M Hubbard .j Oct. 2, 1S9S :Manila. Harry M. Wheeler D... Portland Oct. 5, Isits Manila. Charles A. Horn C___ Eugene Oct. 10, Isits Manila. Charles H. Ruhl H __ Portland ! Oct. 20, lsi)S Manila. Charles P. Oliver H -_ Hillsboro Nov. 2, ls!»s Manila. Lewis E. Miller A___ McMinnville- Nov. S, IMK Manila. John H. Fenton B— ; Oakland _-_-.-. Nov. 10, lMi-< Manila. Charles F. Kent C— i Eugene Nov. is, Is'.is Honolulu. Ernest G. Segur F__-i Portland Nov. 20, isii-^ San 1' rancisco. Clyde Perkins__ K -_ Salem Nov. 22, is'.ts Manila. Charles McKinnon F Portland Nov. 24, Isfix Manila. Otis W. Drew ___ . B... Eugene McMinn villa - Nov. 20. 1S9S Manila. Frank W. Hibbs A_- Dec. 8, is'js Manila. Fred J. Norton H> Portland [ Dec. S, 1S9S Manila. K 9, 1.S9S Manila. Henry Arpin . E___ Portland Oct. 27, isos San Francisco. Wistar Hawthorne (;._. Eugene i Jan. 10, 1«»9 .Manila. Chester W. Hubbard K Salem Feb. 3, 1899 Manila. H 6, 1899 Manila. Michael P. Crowley. D La Grande . Feb. 6, 1899 Manila. Henry O'Flaherty L_- Vancouver Mar. 9, 1899 Manila. H Ashland Apri 4, 1899 Manila. James Kelly G— Portland May 11, 1899 Manila. John Spierings _ _ H Portland- j May 15, 1899 Manila. D Pendleton i May 29, 1899 Manila. Ralph A Odell A D_- McMinnville- June La Grande July 8, 1899 Manila. 29, 1899 San Francisco. James A. Doyle KILLED IN ACTION. 1 Ifame. Co. , Residence. Date. Place. 1 Edward W. Hampton H.__ Portland Feb. 22, 1899 San Pedro. B La Grande Mar. 19, 1899 LagunadeBay. Guv Millard L - Portland Mar. 25, 1899 Malabon. William H. Cook D Portland Mar. 2.5, 1899 Malabon. Birt J.Clark A__- McMinnville__ Mar. 25, 1899 Malabon. L. V. Strawderman . L .. Portland . Mar. •25, 1899 Malabon. Hayes B. Taylor L___ Portland Mar. 2.5. 1S09 Malabon. Charles R. Rubart _ L_ The Dalles Mar. 2.5, isii'.t Malabon. Joe L. Berry . - — . M___ Portland Apri 11, IS'tit Marilao. Oliver M. Kern -_ _ M^-_ Portland Apri 11, isii'.i Marilao. Robert B. Hoffman _ _ _ M Portland Apri 11, 1899 Marilao. James Harrington . . G_ Portland May Ifi, 1899 Balac Bridge. William McElwain H___ Pendleton June 3, 1899 Taytay. APPENDIX. 625 DIED OF WOUNDS. Name. Co. Residence. Date. Place. Herman P. Adams B — Bert B. Chandler C— ^ George Eichhamer G— Roseburg Junction City_ Portland Mar. 26, 1899 April 15, 1899 April 26, 1899 Manila. Manila. Manila. KILLED BY ACCIDENT. 1 Name. Co. Residence. Date. Place. 1 Lee K. Morse L — Portland Jan. 6, 1899 Manila. 1 DROWNED. 1 Name. Co. Residence. Date. '- John J. Kehoe G— Portland June 4, 1899 Manila. 1 MISSING. 1 Name. Co. Residence. Date. Place. James E. Lawrence M-_ M__ M.. Hubbard Pendleton Hubbard April 28, 1899 April 28, 1899 April 28, 1899 Marilao. Marilao. Marilao. Ralph G. McCoy Clarence W. Mills. . .— Total number of deaths and men missing, sixty-four. NOTB — Charles W. Mead, Asa McCune, and Henry Arpin, b men. do not appear on the muster-in rolls, and having died in California, before assignment to companies of the Second OregOE not carried on the muster-out rolls. eing second call San Francisco, Volunteers, are 40 626 APPENDIX. WOUNDED IN ACTION. OFFICERS. 1. Major M. H. Ellis, Surgeon. 2. Captain H. L. Heath, Company A. 3. Captain H. L. Wells, Company L. 4. First Lieutenant A. J. Brazee, Adjutant, Second Battalion. 5. Second Lieutenant J. A. Young, Company A. ENLISTED MEN. Company A — 1. Corporal W. A. Mellinger. 2. George Snyder. 3. Frank H.Thompson. 4. William B. Ungerman. 5. John T. Reeves. 6. William F. Crampton. 7. Miles McGrath. 8. Edward Rommel. 9. Leo B. Grace. Company B — 1. Henry M. Wagner. 2. Walter Ervin. 3. William J. Armitage. Company C— 1. Elvin J. Crawford, Jr. 2. Earl Mount. 3. Elmer O. Roberts. 4. James E. Snodgrass. 5. Frank Woodruff. 6. Elmer L. Doolittle. Company D — 1. First Sergeant James West. 2. Sergeant A. Lee Morelock. 3. Corporal J. C. Headlee. 4. Corporal A. L. Roberts. 5. Corporal William E. Searcy. H. Daniel C. Bowman. 7. Alfred O. Carden. Company E— 1. Corporal Edward D. Oesch. 2. Martin Hildebrandt. 3. Walter Dolan. 4. Charles Olsen. 5. Jacob N. Smith. 6. John E. Davis. Company F— \. Sergeant C. R. Harrington. 2. Corporal John G. Miller. 3. R. E. Brickdale. 4. Charles W. Ruedy. 5. William D. B. Dodsou. 6. B. G. Smith, Jr. Company O — 1. Corporal William H. Ponath. 2. A. J. Jordan. 3. Albert A. Eide. Company (4— Concluded — 4. Harold D. Stanton. 5. Charles A. Marcy. (3. EdLiar K. Sampson. 7. Geoiirc W. Spieer. 8. E. C. Thornton. Company H— 1. Austin J. Salisbury. 2. Ezra A. Kirts. 3. Charles E. Doughty. Company I— 1. Corporal Rudolph Gantenbein. 2. Cunliff Rowland. Company K— 1. Sergeant Edward R. Colgan. 2. Corporal E. J. Chamberlin. 3. Ray L. Antrim. 4. Emmet L. Jones. 5. John Janzen. 6. William F. Schwartz. 7. Thomas C. Townsend. 8. William E. Smith. Company L — 1. Sergeant W. W. Wilson. 2. Artitteer Arthur C. Dunseth. 3. William T. Allen. 4. Frank E. Adams. 5. Frank M. Butts. 6. Ben F. 1 >iiiiseth. 7. Cark'Lon E. Sanders. 8. Guy N. Sanders. 9. John A. Bailey. 10. Clayton L. Ransom. Company M— 1. Corporal F. W. Bowne. 2. Corporal Frank E, Edwards. 3. CoriM.ral Brady F. Burnett. 4. Coi'iHiral L.un G. Holland. 5. Wagoner Emmet D. Cosper. 6. John II. Blosser. 7. A. J. Califf. 8. Edward Jacques. 9. Everett Millard. 10. Arthur Pullen. Hospital Corps — 1. Gordon A. Peel. 2. Peter West. APPENDIX. 627 LETTERS, TELEGRAMS, AND RESOLUTIONS Expressing Appreciation of Services of Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry. Office of the Military Governor and Department of Pacific, Manila, P. J., August 30, 189S. Col. O. Summers, Com manding Second Oregon, United States Volunteers; SiK : r desire to express to you in very strong terms my appreciation of the manner in which you and your regiment performed the very difficult and delicate duties of acting provost marshal and provost guard during the time immediately following the capitulation of Manila. It gives me much pride and pleasure on the eve of my departure to recall the way in which I have been supported by all of my troops, and the cheerful fortitude with which they have endured the hardships of the campaign. Very respectfully, Wesley Mereitt, Major General, U. S. A. Manila, P. I., September 30, 1898. Col. O. Summers, Commanding Second Oregon, United States Volunteers: [Extract.] What I particularly admired in the Oregon regiment is that they have always taken their medicine like men, and have never shown any spirit of insubordination or lack of loyalty. Tell your Oregon men not to mind paper pellets. "Act well your part. There all the honor lies." Very sincerely, Thomas M. Anderson, Major General, U. S. V. General Wheaton, at Malabon, March 25th, was asked : "Where are your regulars?" Pointing to the Oregons, then advancing on the first entrenchment, he replied: "There are my regulars." Again at Malinta, March 26th, the General said : "Orderly, overtake those Oregon greyhounds on the road to Polo, and order them to Malinta ; go mounted, or you will never catch them." Portland, Oregon, Ajiril so, 1899. Summers, Manila : Your regiment's splendid record stirs our pride. Congratulated warmly. Baliuag, May h, 1899. Colonel Summers, ComniandinQ Provisional Brigade, Maasini: I congratulate and thank you and your command for the fine manner in whicli you succeeded in crossing the river under fire of the enemy and capturing the works and town. Lawton, Major General Volunteers. San Miguel, May 15, 1S99. Colonel Summers : General commanding (Lawton) has repeated your reply to corps commander (Otis) with following remarks : "This was a brilliant engagement, for which Colonel Summers 628 APPENDIX. and his command deserves great credit." He wislies to congratulate you. and your troops on the comparative casualties. You hold the record of the war. Edwards, Adjutant General. Pal.-VCE, May 17, 1S90. General Lawtox, San Isidro : Congratulations for you and your troops. Otis. Hot Si'KiNGS, Virc/inia, May IS, ISM. Otis, Manila : Convey to General Lawton and the gallant men of his command my congratulations upon the successful operations during the past month, resulting in the capture this morning of San Isidro. William McKinley. The above will be read to the several organizations comprising this division at retreat ou the day it is received. By command of Major General Lawton: Clarence R. Edwards, Assistant Adjutant General. Candaba, May 23, 1899. Adjutant General, Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps : In view of the remarkably successful engagements of Maasim, Balac Bridge, and San Isidro, participated in by the troops under Colonel Summers's immediate command, I recommend Colonel Summers for promotion to the grade of Brigadier General of Volun- teers; at least, I believe him entitled to the corresponding brevet. I make this recom- mendation in advance instead of in mj' tinal report on account of his relief from this command and probability of immediate return to the United States. My report will contain recommendations of other otflcers. Lawton, Major General of Volunteers. (Extract from General Wheaton's report.) Malolos. Philippine Islands, March 31, 1S99. The gallant conduct of Colonel Summers, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, on March 25th and 26th, is worthy of the highest praise. He maneuvered his regiment with ability and did excellent service, inspiring his command, which fought with great courage and determination. Headquarters Third Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Manila, Philippine Islands, May 27, 1S99. Col. Owen Summers, - Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. Sir: Your regiment is about to leave for home to be mustered out of the service of the United States, and I now desire to convey to you my highest appreciation of the distinguished services of yourself and of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. The skill, ability, and courage with which you have fought your regiment Is deserving the thanks of your cotintrymen ; the bravery, determined courage, and gallant conduct of the officers and men of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry prove them worthy suc- cessors of the men who fought at Shlloh, at Gettj'sburg, and in the Wilderness. Their gallant conduct during the recent campaign in Luzon has reflected credit upon the State from which they came. Very respectfully, LOY'D Wheaton, Brigadier ^General, United States Volunteers. APPENDIX. 629 In the Fiei-d, I^as Pinas, riiilippine Islands; June K', 7ftO'J. Brevet Brig. Gen. Owen Summers, Second Oregon Volunteers. Sir : Your regiment liavihg been relieved from my command for the purpose of pro- ceeding to tlic United States for muster-out, gives me an opportunity, of which I am glad to avail myself, of expressing to you, and to the officers and men of your regiment, my high appreciation of their gallant and faithful service while they have been under my command. While I am glad the regiment is to return to their homes, I regret to lose so many good soldiers. When your regiment came to my command, their reputation as brave and gallant soldiers had preceded them. Since you have been with me, our work has been constant, arduous, and dangerous. I learned very soon to place implicit confi- dence in your energy, judgment and courage, and the gallantry and bravery of your officers and men. You have nobly earned the reputation of being among the best soldiers of the American army. In saying farewell to the regiment, I wish you Godspeed and all the good fortune and prosperity that may and should come to you. Sincerely and respectfully yours, H. W. Lawton, Major General Volunteers. SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 12. Whereas, The people of the State of Oregon, regardless of party affiliations, are desirous of expressing their deep feelings of gratitude to and their admiration for the courage of the Oregon soldiers who have so nobly offered their lives in defense of help- less humanity in avenging the loss of the Maine, in behalf of civilization, and to main- tain the honor and prestige of the American flag; and Whereas, The hearts of some of our people are bleeding as the result of the loss by sickness or in battle of loved ones to them most dear ; therefore, be it Resolved by the Senate, the House concurring. That the congratulations, admiration, and confidence of the people of the State of Oregon be and the same are hereby extended to the Oregon soldiers in the Philippines, and that the sympathy of the people be and is hereby extended to the mourning friends of the heroic dead ; That the Secretary of State be and he is hereby requested to transmit a copy of these resolutions to the commanding officer of the Oregon regiment at Manila, and that said officer be and he is hereby requested, upon receipt of such copy, to cause the same to be read to each company of his said regiment. Adopted by the Senate February G, 1899. T. C. Taylor, President of the Senate. Concurred in by the House February (5, 1899. E. V. Carter, Speaker of the House. Filed February 6, 1899. F. I. Dunbar, Secretari/ of State. 630 APPENDIX. ORDER Publishing Intention of President McKinley to Recommend Special Medal of Honor to be Given Members Eighth Army Corps for Performing Willing Service Though Enlisted to Discharge Upon Ratification of Treaty With Spain. Circular ) Headquarters Department of California, No. 16. J San Francisco, Cal., July 15, 1399. By direction of the Secretary of War, the following Is published for the information of the Second Oregon Volunteers and U. S. Signal Corps Volunteers recently returned from the Philippine Islands and now awaiting muster-out at the Presidio of San Fran- cisco : The President desires to express in the most public manner his appreciation of the lofty patriotism shown by the volunteers and regulars of the Eighth Army Corps in per- forming willing service through severe campaigns and battles against the insurgents in Luzon, when under the term of their enlistment they would have been entitled to dis- charge upon the ratification of the treaty of peace with Spain. This action on their part was noble and heroic. It will sound forth as an example of the self sacrifice and public consecration which have ever characterized the American soldiers. In recognition thereof I shall recommend to Congress that a special medal of honor be given to the officers and soldiers of the Eighth Army Corps who performed this great duty voluntarily and enthusiastically for their country. (Signed.) William McKinley. By command of Major General Shafter: J. B. Babcock, Official: Assislant Adjutant General. R. A. Noble, Aid. O On page 13, in line May 1, 1899, read Lieutenant Colonel Yoran. On page 2.5, seventh line in second paragraph, read Major Eastwick. On page 32, second line from bottom, read City of /Sydney. On page 554, beginning last paragraph, read March 26, 1S99. On page 559, first line in table, read Cavalry. .t «&i ^^iM^ P "^ -t«r^~=^l. 4 1 /S9K ?3 1 ■WB^^' 1 Mgj .«id^ ,5^^^^^___.n^.^^py m: -•r: ^'^ . .^ -v-^ '■£: ^ ^ T ^' _ - --^___._^^ a&/ 'i'-^ -"^--^ ->L^v- _- ,t:i!;" .Jl'''~ ' MONUMENT ERECTED IN RIVERVIEW CEMETERY BY SURVIV^ORS OF SECOND OREGON TO COMRADES WHO DIED IN SERVICE. INDEX INDEX TO OREGON VOLUNTEERS. PAGE Abernethy, Willian 201 Abbott, James D. M 375 Abrams, Carle, Corporal 305 Acton, James E., Corporal 173 Adams, Frank E 74, 334, 554 Adams, Herman P 73, 147, 554 Adams, Morris L 132 Adams, Robert L 375 Adams, Waldo J 290 Agee, Zopher N 202 Ahlstrom, Fred, Corporal 130 Ainsworth, Clyde 354 Aitken, James P 309 Albee, Charles D., Corporal 373 Albon, Joseph L 213 Aldrich, Henry Q 237 Allan, William W 247 Allard, Don C 334 Allen, Alfred A 174 Allen, Andrew D., Corporal 373 Allen, William T 73, 334, 554 Allison, Arthur 387 Allison, Perry J 107 Alrott, Ed C 132 Amen, Alonza A 290 Amsler, Herrman 309 Anderson, Albert B 154 Anderson, Enoch 73, 214 Anderson, George P 279 Anderson, Harry, Sergeant 198 Anderson, John Q., Sergeant.... 151 Ankeny, Frank E 165 Antrim, Ray L 73, 309, 554 Applegate, Herbert 147 Applegate, Moray L 154 Armitage, William J 74, 132, 554 Armstrong, John 325 Asmus, John 375 Atchinson, William S., Q.M.Serg. 170 Atwood, John R 272 Babb, Andrew A 202 Babb, Raymon 155 Baber, William H 133 Bacon, James A 3S7 Baertsch, George 174 Bailes, Manley F 300 Bailey, Henry P 375 Bailey, John A 74, 334, 554 Baird, George C 376 Baker, Alvin C Baker, Charles M Baker, Clair B Baker, Cyril K Baker, Will V Baker, William A Baldwin, Frederick Baldwin, James Ball, Edward J Ballard, Ernest R., Corporal.... Banfield, Charles, Corporal Bsnfield, William H Barber, Richard H., Captain... 52, 60, 68, 242, 535, 537, Barclay, Thomas D Barger, Andrew, Corporal Barker, Harry B Barrett, David N., Corporal Barrett, Edward D., Corporal... Barrett, William H Bartell, Max J., Sergeant. .. .75, Bartmess, Charles Barton, Jesse S Basey, Robert W Batchelor, William L Battee, Karl Baty, Charles E., First Sergeant Beam, Orin C Beard, Roscoe S Beatty, Harlan U., Sergeant.... Beatty, Richard F Beaver, Clarence W Bebb, John E Becker, Everett W Beckley, Wesley B Beebe, Charles F., Brigadier General, O. N. G 19, 20, 21, 610, 612, Beeman, Joseph T Bell, Chriss A., Corporal Bell, Robert W Bellinger, Elmer E Belmont, Thomas Benjamin, G. H Bennett, Charles W Bennett, John S Benson, August Benton, Edgar T., Sergeant Benton, Robert L Benz, Ferdinand L 387 107 164 220 155 272 247 133 375 332 217 376 552 107 218 387 307 271 354 330 175 376 202 310 133 242 290 343 385 202 324 387 613 221 270 290 335 220 355 354 155 335 373 133 634 PAGK Berks, Frank 133 Bernhard, John 310 Berry, John D 310 Berry, Joseph L 82, 369 Biers, Adolphus D 155 Bigelow, Robert H 375 Bingham, William C 175 Bins, Jacob C 365 Bish, Philip 146 Bitting, Charles C 366 Black, Joseph H., Sergeant 287 Black, Wm. C, Co. B 134 Black, William C, Co. C 155 Blackburn, James, Corporal 2S7 Blackwell, George H., Corporal. . 353 Blair, Prior F 375 Blakely, Hugh C 388 Blessing, Frederick W., Corporal 373 Blosser, John H 74, 355, 554 Blough, Harry B 107 Blough, Roscoe C 107 Bockes, Darwin, Corporal 106 Bockmann, Charles 376 Bodley. Arthur W 280 Bodley, Thomas C 347 Boettner, Albert 247 Boggess, Ernest E 265 Bollam, Jesse 73, 215 Bolton, Charles A., Corporal.... 131 Bolton, Henry 335 Bonner, Alex. A 335 Bonner, David J ..■ 335 Bonner, William E 335 Booth, Fred W 121 Booth, Joel C 368 Borden, Everett V., Corporal. . . . 201 Bornuff, William H 375 Sort, Charles A 324 Bower, Albert B 355 Bowerman, Jay, Sergeant 385 Bowers, Edward T 388 Bowers, Elwood 221 Bowman, Daniel C 77, 175, 554 Bowman, Loren A., First Lieut.. 372 Bowne, Fred W., Corporal 65, 352 Boyd, Fred 221 Boyd, Frank 190, 326 Boyes, Wesley 365 Boylan, Lewis, Sergeant 287 Boynton, Clyde 202 Bradford, Charles 355 Bradford, William J., Corporal.. 373 Bradley, Alfred L 202 Brady, August J 290 Branstetter Wm. W., Corporal.. 152 Bray, John R 134 Brazee, Albert J., First Lieuten- ant and Battalion Adjutant. . 56, 74, lOL 215, 545, 554 Breslin, George F Breyer, Herman, Cook Brickdale, Richard E 77, 221, Briner, John H Brinson, John I Brookler, Andrew G Brookler, John B., Corporal Brooks, Gordon P Brosius, Frampton C, Captain and Assistant Surgeon 19, 73, 100, Brown, Allen M Brown, Elbert K., Corporal Brown, George K Brown, James E Brown, James W Brown, Oliver L Brown, Sheldon C Brown, William W., Lance Corp. Brown, Winfield S Brumley, Ralph S Bruce, George H Bryan, Edgar J., Second Lieu- tenant 40, 48, Bryant, Arthur C Buchanan, George W Buchanan, John C Buck, Robert F Bundy, John V Burden, Mallory, Sergeant Burdon, Edward Burnett, Brady F., Corporal.... 74, 352, Burnett, Horace, Corporal Burness, David Burns, Chas. E. Jr Burns, Fred H Burns, Joseph F Busey, F. Leo Buss, Frederick K Butler, Don C, Artificer Butler, James Butler, William E Butts, Frank M 92, 335, Butzer, John J By'ars, John R., Hospital Stew- ard 19, 73, 101, AGE 239 308 554 134 355 175 172 324 544 202 219 260 147 147 367 310 332 175 154 290 210 376 175 232 221 155 269 335 554 153 203 291 376 247 134 262 106 356 134 590 222 149 Cain, James J 261 Calcari, Angel 388 Calef, Mahlon H., Corporal 151 Califf, Albert J 74, 356. 554 Callister, Asa, Sergeant 351 Cammack, Fred M., Sergeant... 351 Campbell, C. A 356 Campbell, Floyd L 367 Campbell, James U., First Lieu- tenant 55, 286, 299, 552 Canning, Thomas F 203 635 Garden, Alfred 64, Cardwell, Herbert W., Major and Surgeon U. S. Volunteers 19, 37, 102, 577, 581, Carlton, Thomas, Principal Mus. Carmody, John Carr, George H., Wagoner Carroll, Daniel Carter, Charles E Carter, Edward R Carter, E. V., Sneaker of the House Carter, H. M. B Carter, Jesse L Carter, William E Case, Alliene, Second Lieutenant Case, Charles L Case, Emory Case, James F., Major U. S. Vol- unteers 20, 40, 41 48, 68. 89, 90, 94, 216, 552, 560, 562, 566, 567, 568, 570, 573. 574, 578, 580, 588, 589, 593, 595. 596, Case, Lewis T Case, Martin L Cason, George L., Corporal Casto, Frank E Chamberlin, Edgar J., Corporal. 89, 306. 588. Chandler, Charles W Chandler, Bert B 74, 168, Chaplin, Ralph H Chapman, Caleb A . . Chapman, Loren H Chapman, Wm. J Chapman, William R Chase, Fremont R., Musician... Chase, Louis F Cherrington, Edw. E., Artificer. . Chickering, D. H Church, Earl H Churchill, Richard C, Corporal. . Churchman, Geo. H Clagett, William H. Jr., Sergeant Clark, Bert J 73, 124, Clary, John Clements, Del Clift, Andrew Cline, Thomas D Cloquet, August Cloyes, Herbert P Clyatt, Harry Coates, Addison C Coates, John C Cobb, Merritt S Cobb, Thos. E Cobbs, Ralph Coburn, Miles Cochran, John W A(JK 176 584 102 310 333 108 176 311 629 156 356 212 384 222 96, 610 388 291 288 20T! 594 176 554 291 325 335 156 222 106 272 386 311 155 307 134 269 554 311 222 263 222 108 336 223 388 135 135 135 343 247 PAGE Cochrane, Charles E 248 Cochlin, John W 109 Cockrell, Mort J 291 Colby, Mark R 203 Cole, Don A., Corporal 331 Cole, Edward 222 Cole, James E 343 Colman, Frederic A 280 Colgan, Edward R., Q. M. Ser- geant 74, 304, 554 Collard, Frank A., Corporal. .82, 108 Collard, Roy L., Corporal 105 Collins, James J., Sergeant 217 Conner, Daniel 135 Conner, George W., Coiporal. . . . 172 Connelly, Stephen J 176 Constant, Owen A 177 Cook, William M 73, 195, 554 Cooke, William E 336 Cooper, Avery J 336 Cooper, Minor M 311 Cooper, Paul B 109 Cooper, Walter I., Sergeant 385 Cooper, Wells C 108 Coquillette, Frank S., Saddler. . 387 Corey, Hylen H., Serg-eant 385 Cornelius, Walter 311 Cornell, Charles A., Musician... 154 Cornfield, Jack 291 Cory, Charles 203 Cosper, Emmet D., Wagoner. . . . 74, 354. 554 Cothlin, Charles E 357 Cotner, Hezekiah C, First Ser- geant 170 Cottingim, James W 109 Countryman, A. J 203 Cousins, Herbert W 343 Cox, Smith 388 Coyne, Frank B 280 Crabtree, Elbert C 135 Crabtree, Fred J 109 Craft, Charles A 223 Craig, Frank J 156 Crampton, William F 109 Crary, Lotan R 272 Cratty, Gainer A 367 Crawford, Elvin J., Jr., Wagoner 74, 153, 554 Crawford, Robert F 283 Creager William A 264 Crider, John F 376 Criswell, Charles C 300 Croft, Mason 291 Cronkite, George H 223 Crooks, Harry V 248 Crowne, Eugene P., Fiist Lieu- tenant and Adjutant. . .19, 101, 5G2 Crowner, Henderson 177 636 PAGE Crowley, Michael P 194 Crowson, Winnie Y., Sergeant.. 129 Crozier William, Corporal 189 Cull, Charles E 235 Currie, Charles E., Sergeant.... 150 Curtis, Lester 388 Curtis, William S., Corporal 219 Cyrus, Edmund 291 Dahlstrom, Alfred, Corporal.... 353 Dake, Virgil 357 Davidson, Alva G., Corporal.... 173 Davies, Thomas H 272 Davis, Howard, Corporal 152 Davis, James B 135 Davis, John E 74, 204. 554 Davis, John H 109 Davis, Lester B 357 Davis, Robert E., Captain 56. 68, 80, 197, 540, 543, 544, 545, 552 Davis, Thomas V., Sergeant.... 330 Davis, Willard D 299 Day, George, Corporal 129 De Atley, Ora E 336 De Burgh, Joseph 234 De Lashmutt, Albert 312 De Lashmutt, John C 312 De Witt, Omar M., Q. M. Serg.. . 104 Deich, Richard, Sergeant 54, 75, 79. 81, 91, 103 Denney, Walker 135 Dennin, David M 357 Denny, Edward F 357 Desart, Alfred Q 388 Desart, Jerry 312 Desmarais, Pet r 249 Devere, Claude 224 Dickey, Walter T 343 Dieckman, Phil. V 135 Diedrich, Edward Jr., Sergeant. . 217 Dietz, William C 388 Dillon, Charles I., Commissary Sergeant 19, 104 Diny, Peter 177 Dixon, Joseph D 144 Doble, Roy M., Musician 272 Doble, Stanton L., Sergeant 270 Dodge, Julian L 272, 283 Dodson, William D. B 15, 64, 224 Dolan, Walter 204 Donahue, Patrick 136 Doue, Steve M 177 Donnelly, William M 248 Donner, John L 376 Dooley, Irving 273 Doolittle, Elmer L 96, 156, 604 Doty, Pearl 148 Dougherty, W. F., Corporal 330 Doughty, Albert F 204 Doughty, Charles E Douglas, Edwin J Dow, Roy B Doyle, James A 178, Drake, Bryant S Drake, Frederick W Drew, John F Drew, Otis W Du Bois, William G Du Rette, George A Bubois, George E Duffey, Austin Dufur, George H., Corporal Dukes, H. Maitimore Dunbar, F. I., Secretary of State Dunbar, Thomas N., First Lieu- tenant. .48. 56, 80, 197, 543, 545, Duncan, Ray Dunkin, Walter L Dunn, Thomas V Dunseth, Arthur C, Artificer... Dunseth, Benjamin F 74, 344, Dupuis, Ben., Sergeant Dupuis, Cliff Dustin, George W., Corporal.... Duval, George R Dwight, Frank D., Sergeant.... Dyer, George E Dye, Walter H Eastwick, Philip G., Jr., Major.. 11, 12, 13. 19, 20, 25, 41, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 58, 59, 66, 68, 76, 79, 84, 86, 88, 90, 93, 95, 96, 100, 535, 537, 552, 553, 559, 560, 566, 572, 578, 586, 587, 591, 593, 594, 596, 603, 612, Eckstein, Cash Edelsten, Ernest, Corporal Edmunds, Frederick Edwards, Frank E., Corporal... 77, 352, Edwards, Fred E., Sergeant.... Eichhamer, George 75, 267, Eide, Albert A 60, 249, Elkins, Dillard A Elkins, Willard A Elliott, Lewis W Ellis, Matthew H., Major and Surgeon 19, 37, 73, 100. 616, 617. 618, 622, Elton, James O Elwood, Clark, Musician Emerson, James P Emkins, Harry C, Corporal.... English, Clarence C, Corporal.. Ennis, James H Ennis. Sydney B Eoff, Henry T AGE 273 136 195 156 376 136 148 357 312 376 204 332 194 629 552 178 312 109 333 554 170 178 271 236 385 212 325 358 308 225 554 330 601 536 110 156 179 687 Ernest, Henry, Corporal 246 Ervin, Walter UQ Evans, Benjamin F 389 Evans, George E., Farrier 374 Evans, Joseph G., Artificer 132 Ewing, Len. D 110 Ewing, Wayne E 3S9 Fairbrothers, I. H 136 Fairchilds, Wm. H 389 Fane, Edward 313 Farrell , Dannie E 262 Faull, Carleton W., Vet., Serg. 384 Fawcett, Tiiomas K., Sergeant.. 243 Febvet, George 228 Fees, Osmer D 122 Fehrenbacher, W., Jr., Corporal. 271 Feldman, Samuel 313 Fenton, Frank 249 Fenton, John H 148 Ferguson, Charles J 191 Ferguson, Fred 358 Field, William 347 Finley, John B., Corporal 288 Finzer, William E., First Lieu- tenant 350, 552 Fisher, Corvan 225 Fisher, Fred D 233 Fisher, Frederick N 389 Fisher, Luther M., Corporal 153 Fitts, Fay M 377 Fitzgerald, Edward J 204 Flaugher, Harvey E 389 Fleming, Michael, Corporal 385 Flint, Jesse K 156 Flood, Frank 224 Flood, Philip 224 Foley, Thomas J 377 Fones, Clifford R 313 Fones, Lee C 314 Ford, John 359 Ford, William L 157 Force, James C 377 Foster, Albert S 377 Foster, Charles F 224 Foster, Charles J., Corporal 131 Foster, Joseph 144 Fortan, Oscar J., Sergeant 199 Fouts, Seneca F., Corporal 331 Fowler, Ward W., Corporal 218 Fox, Arthur C 123 France, Edwin E 122 Francis, Wiley B 157 Franklin, Charles B., Corporal.. 342 Frazer, George N 157 Fredden, Harry A 336 Freeman, Frank F 273 Freeman, John 204 Freye, Frank 388 Friedley, Frank B 337 Frohmader, Bert F 314 Fry, William 359 Fulkerson, Pearl 314 Gable, Ratio 205 Gadsby, William, Captain 52. 260 Gaffney, John E 191 Gagen, Charles A 389 Gallagher, Anthony 110 Gallagher, John H 124 Galloway, Alex. B 337 Gamber, J. Arthur, F'rst Serg.. 286 Gamble, Theodore i_., Sergeant. . 198 Gannon, Edward J., Bugler. . . . 387 Gantenbein, Calvin U., Major. . 11. 12, 19, 20, 22, 36, 43. 44. 47. 50, 52. 54, 55, 62, 64, 63. 68. 97, 99, 457, 519, 520, 539. 611 Gantenbein, J. Edw., Sergeant.. 281 Gantenbein, Rudolph, Corporal. 74, 289, 554 Gard, Frank, First Sergeant .304, 368 Garrett, Phinehas L 205 Garrett, Robert P 157 Garrett, Wiliam J 225 Garretson, Edgar S 110 Garritson, Fred M 337 Garner, Mathias E., Corporal... 386 Gaskill, James R 389 Gault, Frederick L 377 Geer, T. T., Governor of Oregon. 97 Gerhardt, Austin 137 Gerlach, Emil, Farrier 387 Getchell, William A 179 Gibbons, David M 194 Giesy, Andrew J., Asst. Medical Examiner 21 Gilbert, Romeo M 314 Gilbert, William S., Captain and Chaplain 11, 19, 100 Gilkey, Bert, Wagoner 375 Girod, Arthur 315 Gilstrap, Orva C, Corporal 153 Girard, Frank M., Artificer 289 Gilleland, Arthur L 166 Girod, Leon 315 Glenn, Douqias 179 Glennan, William 249 Glessner, Joseph W., Trumpeter. 374 Glover, Herbert S 377 Godfrey, Frank S., Q. M. Ser- geant 89. 128 Goodwin, B. M 359 Google, George E 359 Gordon, Alexander F., Wagoner. 346 Gordon, James A 337 Gourley, William A 211 Grace, Leo B 77, 110, 544 638 PAGE Graham, Angus A 167 Graves, Herbert G 110 Gray, Clyde E 137 Gray, John W 179 Greenleaf, Robert S., Captain... 372 Gregory, Milton IS" Green, Horatio J 40, 213 Green. Thomas I'^O Green, William 250 Grieve, James E 250 Griffin, Charles W 157 Grim, Edwin, First Lieutenant.. 90, 216, 552, 589 Grimm, Ivan, Q. M. Sergeant. . . . 365 Gritzmacher, August B., First Lieutenant 49, 269 Gross, Leonard 157 Grubb, Frank, Corporal 129 Grubb, William C, First Serg. . . 128 Guile, Wilbur M 389 Gunn, John E ISO Gustin, James H 205 Hackathorn, G. M 359 Hackett, Thomas E., Farrier 387 Hackney, Sloan 344 Hagelin, Hans 316 Hall, Clarence 180 Hall, Herbert K., Q. M .Sergeant 304 Hall, Ralph 360 Hallett, Claude F 315 Hamlin, Frank B., First Lieu- tenant 89, 128, 552 Hamilton, S. E 389 Hampton, Edw. W 284 Hanigan, Charles E 273 Hanna, Arthur, Corpoi-al 152 Hanna, Frank W 315 Hannon, Wm. H 360 Hansen, Andrew 315 Hansen, Hans 300 Harder, William W., Corporal... 270 Harding, George Lee, Corporal.. 288 Harding, Joseph E 300 Hardman, Chas. M 389 Hargreaves, Fred 292 Harms, Leo A., Corporal 244 Harrington, James 87, 91, 92, 267, 568, 586, 590 Harris, Arthur P., Sergeant.... 194 Harris William, F 315 Harrison, Joseph C 389 Hart, George B 292 Hart, William H 344 Hartman, Ernest A., Artificer... 271 Hartman, George A., Jr., First Lieutenant 170, 552 Harry, Joseph H 292 Hastings, John 181 Hauser, Lloyd J Hawking, H. A Hawkins, Claude A Hawthorne, Wistar , Hayes, Frank T., Sergeant. Hayes, Harry J., Sergeant, Hayden, Clell Hayden, Frederick J Hayden, William O Haynes, Crum C PAGE . 389 . 281 . 157 . 168 . 104 . 198 . 316 . 389 . 316 . 225 Haynes, Fred W., Second Lieu- tenant 150 Haynes, William 263 Hays, Alfred P., Corporal 244 Hays, George M 193 Headlee, John C, Corporal 74, 172, 554 Headrick, David 360 Heath, Edwin O . 193 Heath, Herbert L., Captain.. 31, 40, 47, 65, 68, 76, 77, 81, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 95, 103, 552, 559, 564, 568, 579, 586, 587, 590, 591, 603 Heiser, Robert C 292 Heltzel, Harry H 273 Hempe, Frank M 225 Hemsworth, F. W 344 Henderson, Frank 226 Henderson, O. D., Q. M. Serg... 351 Henkle, Arthur L 292 Henley, John F 292 Henry, Joseph D 191 Herb, Charles J 273 Herr, Marcellus A 181 Herrin, Fred 137 Herring, Tillman R 292 Herrington, C. R., Sergeant.... 216 Herrmann, George E 377 Herzog, William 273 Hewitt, Rezin D., Sergeant 198 Hibbard, Harry G 326 Hibbard, John B., Corporal 199 Hibbs, Frank W 124 235 250 293 181 182 98, 250, 571 Hildebrand, Martin.. 57, 205, 543, 544 Hildreth, Buell 137 Hilton, Fred 342 Hill, Charles B 263 Hill. James F 273 Hillert. Fred 344 Hinkel, Charles 366 Hinton, Thos 137 Hoberg, Charles H Ill Hickey, Andrew A Hickey, Thomas J Hickman, Charles E Hicks, Bert Hicks, William A High, Frank C S"! 689 Hockenyos, Henry, Piincipal Musician 19, 102 Hockett, Clyde 137 Hockett, Walter B 360 Hoeye, Joseph W., Corporal '244 Hoffman, Claude B 293 Hoffman, Edw. C 389 Hoffman, Ed. W 293 Hoffman, Robert B 83, 369 Hoffman, William G., Musician. Holbrook, Millard C, Corporal.. Hoibrook, Philo, Jr., Seigeant . . . Holbrook, Rufus K Holbrook, Samuel C Holden, Arthur Holden, Philis Holgate, Donald W Hoigate, Harry L., Artificer Holland, Howard H Holland, Leon G., Corporal 74, 353, Holston, Harvey Holt, William E Honstein, Louis Hooker, L. St. Elmo Hopwood, OIney G Horn, Charles A Hornberg, William G., Sergeant. Horner, Charles H Horner, Wesley D Hoskins, Edward E Hotchkiss, Charles Howard, Emil W Howard, John Q., Cook Howell, Arthur E Howell, Benj. McN Howell, Frank E Howell, Morris Howiand, John A Hoyt, Elwell H Hubbard, Chester W Huddleson, C. M Huerth, John Hughes, Michael D Hughes, Richard Hulden, Alexander Hull, Orville J., Corporal Humphreys, C. S Humphreys, F. W., Corporal.... Humphrey, John D 93, Humphrey, Peter A - Humphrey, W. A., First Lieuten- ant O. N. G Hunter, Henry P., Corporal Hunter, John A Humtley, Merritt B., Cook 87, 98, 166, 332 Huntley, William A., Second Lieutenant 29 S 289 271 151 167 274 293 299 111 354 360 554 226 360 250 166 138 168 243 293 390 111 250 167 154 293 316 345 138 293 377 326 111 293 205 174 316 305 361 353 111 145 20 331 206 Hurley, Roy H 274 Huston, Robert S., First Lieu- tenant 150, 600 Hutchinson, Eiias 11, 33, 368 Hutchinson, Wm. H 390 Hyland, William H 226 Icard, George M 192 lllig, Carl A 361 Ingeman, Andy, Serge. mt 372 Ingman, Clare, Corporal 232 Inman, Clifton L 206 Innis, Charles, Corporal 152 Isekite, Daniel Ill Isenberg, F. Howard 194 Jack, Frederick D 390 Jackson, James, Lieutenant Col- onel Ret., U. S. A 25, 613 Jackson, Rhees, First Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant 101, 240 Jacobson, Hans R 112 Jameson, Malcolm S., Second Lieutenant 197, 212, 552 Janes, Frank W 251 Jansen, Frank L 317 Janzen, Henry 316 Janzen, John 74, 317, 554 Jaques, Edward 74, 361, 554 Jarman, Charles P 281 Jennings, Guy F 345 Jensen, i/lartin 192 Jensen, Ole 361 Jessen, Henry, Corporal 353 Jewett, Alphues 226 Jewett, Frank G., First Sergeant 384 Jewell, Frank R., Cook 290 Jodon, Charles B 251 Johannesen, Gus 337 Johns, John C, Corporal 386 Johns, Jr., Summerel 206 Johnson, Admer T 211 Johnson, Ben 112 Johnson, Charles W 390 Johnson, Claude A 361 Johnson, Edgar J 194 Johnson, Freeman, Corporal.... 199 Johnson H. A., Jr 390 Johnson, James C, Sergeant... 351 Johnson, Lionel A., Corporal.... 288 Johnson, Louis L 345 Johnson, Martin G., Corporal... 246 Johnson, Victor, Artificer 201 Johnson, Willard C 158 Johnson, William C, Cook 220 Johnston, Thos. W 206 Johnston, William C, Sergeant. 232 Johnstone, Arthur J., Sergeant. 269 Jones, Carl, Corporal 171 640 Jones, Edward E Jones Emmett L 74, 317, Jones, George W., Corporal Jones, Herman K Jones, John H Jones, John M Jones, John M., Sergeant Jones John W Jones, Samuel C Jordan, Albert J 74. 251, Jordan, Thomas, Musician Jordan, William H Kaitz, Bruce, Corporal Kauffman, Chris C, Sergeant... Kaufmann, Charles F., Sergeant Kavanaugh, G. V., Corporal.... Keady, Arthur W Kehoe, John J Kellogg, Sylvester L Kelly, Fielding S., First Lieuten- ant and Battalion Adjutant . . 68, 81, 83, 188, Kelly, James Kelsay, Lyman Kelty, Harvey D Kemp, Josiah, Q. M. Sergeant.. Kennedy, Charles F Kennedy, James J., Musician... Kennedy, John W Kennedy, William G., Wagoner. Kenny, Frank Kent, Charles F Ker, Joseph H Kern, Henry G Kern, Oliver M Kernay, John Kerrigan, Herbert W Kerron, Art.iur P Kerslake, Frank Kesselring, Max, Corporal Kiernan, William E Killian, Miss Lena, Nurse Kimber, Arthur King, Benjamin L King, Edward L King, John J Kinzer, Charles C. Kirby, David C Kirchheimer, A. M. F Kirkley, Arthur B Kirkman, Elbert A Kirts, Ezra A 275, Klauck, John Klauser, Anton Kieinsmith, Alvin S Kleupfer, John H Klingensmith, C. E Kium, Blaine 263 554 306 293 158 281 373 211 317 554 173 281 271 151 243 219 317 267 390 552 266 195 317 330 338 201 293 309 126 168 251 361 369 192 274 274 390 214 361 274 390 361 390 261 226 378 603 112 390 294 138 158 138 Knapp, Lawrence H., First Lieu- tenant and Quartermaster. . . . 19. 24, 34, 101, 592, 612 Knight, William 206 Knowles, Chester A 251 Knox, Isaac B 275 Kober, Frederick 294 Koeber, Christian 227 Kretzer, Daniel J 338 Kreuder, Phillip L 113 Kreyer, Charles A., Cook Cor- poral 374 Kreyer, P. W 227 Kruger, William c. 377 Krumm, John R., Corporal 373 Krupke, John P 377 Kuehl, William F 294 Kupers, William 182 Kuykendall, Otto F 338 La Dow, Herbert N., Corporal... 373 La Selle, Charles V 145 Lady, Henry 113 Lafferty, Frederick S., Corporal. 244 Lafferty, John L 227, 284 Lamberson, R. A 275 Lambert, Arthur E., Corporal... 105 Lampman, Oscar B 294 Landers, Henry 158 Lando, Isaac 252 Lane, John H., Sergeant 243, 536 Lang, John 213 Larimer, Isaac D., First Sergeant 150 Latham, Roy 275 Lauman, Charles A 252 Laurenz, John W 378 Lautenschlaeger, G. J., Serg-eant 242 Lawrence, James E 369 Lawscn, Bert K 158 Layton, James B 390 Leach, James H 275 Leatherman. Charles E., Corporal 131 Leathers, William A., Corporal. 171 Leavitt, Edwin E 182 Lee, John A 378 Lee, Henry 318 Lee, William E 338 Leman, William H., Musician.. 220 Lemison, Edgar R 338 Lenon, Luther 227 Letson, Charles W 158, 347 Levins, Sampson 378 Lewis, Ed. C 138 Liles, John R 382 Lilienthal, Carl 206 Lindburg, Victor 378 Lindsay, John N 158 Lipes, Oliver E., Corporal 82, 105 Lischke, Frank F 378 641 Litchfield, George F 31S Littiefield, Harry A., Hospital Steward 19, 102 Logus, William R 294 Long, Harland 227 Longenecker, Bert E 294 Lord, William P., Governor Ore- son 11, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24 Lowe, Bert, Corporal 305 Lowe, Christian S 34.', Lowell, Arthur J 390 Love, Albert 252 Lovelace, Chas. A 159 Lovell, Harry E., Corporal 190 Lucas, Zeno 207 Luce, Sydney M 275 Ludwig, Henry J 275 Lukinbeal, William E 338 Lurz, Frank L 252 Lurz, John J 252 Lyman, Chauncey 252 Lyman, William P 378 Lyon, Edward 87, 98, 139, 568 Macintosh, William 207 MacLean, Hector, Musician 201 Macrum, Charles A., Captain and Surgeon, O. N. G 19, 612 Maddux, George 113 Maddy, James T 236 Mader, Jacob H 236 Magruder, James P 207 Mahoney, William E., Musician. 220 Malehorn, Clinton 378 Mange, Peter 234 Mankin, Guy C 362 Mann, Thomas R., Cook 271 Mannes, Tliiomas P 391 Manning, A. A., Corporal 190 Manning, William G 275 Marcellus, Marius B 264 Marcy, Charles A., Sergeant..., 74, 253, 554 Marin, Jacob C 182 Markart, Charles L 299 Marsh, Willis, Corporal 171 Marshall, John W., Sergeant Major 50, 89, 98, 101, 214, 562, 588, 592, 595 Marshall, R. P 339 Martin, Alexander F 346 Martin, Fred N 228 Martin, George W., Second Lieu- tenant 286, 301 Martin, Harry H 113 Martin, Lantford 207 Masten, Verl L., Corporal 200 Mathsan, Ole 174 Matthew, Louis 253 41 Maxwell, John J 253, 536 May, John L., Captain 17, 68, 77, 79, 92, 128, 552 McAllister, Harvey L., Corporal. 104 McArthur, David E 294 McBride, Walter W 294 McCausland, George V 295 McClung, Clyde H 295 McClung, D. C 295 McConiga, Samuel F 159 McConnell, Clarence 391 McCormick, C. C 391 McCornack, Condon 159 McCord, George Kay, Corporal.. 130 McCoy, Ralph G 370 McCutcheon, Charles G 114 McDonald, James W 207 McDonell, Charles E., Captain.. 49, 54, 269, 539 McDougali, Charles C 339 McElwain, William 96, 284, 604 McFarland, Edwin L., Musician. 289 McGinn, John L 237 McGinn, William J 379 McGowan, James E., Corporal.. 219 McGowan, Samuel, Principal Musician 19, 102 McGrath, Miles 114 McGuire, Ernest L 159 McGuire, Willis C 159 Mcllwain, Squire A., Corporal.. 306 Mcintosh, Wm. W 378 McKenna, Christopher 36, 339 McKenzie, Thos. F 139 McKibben, Albert E 252 McKinlay, Joseph F 208 McKinley, Charles 318, 325 McKinley, William S 318 McKinney, George B 114 McKinnon, Charles 240 McKinnon C. J 183 McKinnon, James A., Second Lieutenant 48, 269 McKinnon, John L 391 McLaughlin, Ara W 295 McManus, Thomas 362 McMartin, Alex 159 McMillan, Timothy 114 McMullin, Timothy 300 McMurray, Frank G 159 McMurry, Ralph B 159 McPherson, Guy 318 McQieown, Leslie 368 McWilliams, C. O., Corporal 386 Mead, Frank A., Second Lieu- tenant 170, 592 Mead, James, Corporal 200 MealeyV Karl S 378 Mellinger, Walter A., CorporaL . 105 642 Mercer, Charles P., First Serg. 197 Merrill. William V 167 Metcalf, Harry K 391 Meussdorffer, C. H. Jr., Second Lieutenant 216, 232. 552 Miers, Charles C 82, 114 Mikeska, Frank 253 Millard, Archie 319 Millard, Guy, Wag-oner. .73. 347, 554 Millard, Everett 82, 362 Miller, Charles 319 Miller, George B 275 Miller, Harry E 160, 368 Miller, John G., Corporal. .. .90, 219 Miller, John J 391 Miller, John W. F 365 Miller, Lewis E 125 Miller, Otto, Corporal 129 Miller, Theodore G. 295 Miller, Wi'liam E 379 Miller, William H 160 Milligan, William 228 Million, Ferd 139 Mills, Clarence W 369 Minier, Charles, E 369 Minnemeyer, George W., Wag- oner 201 Misenhimer, R. H 253 Mitchell, David H 115 Mitchell, Hiram £., Captain and Quartermaster, U. S. V. 20, 610, 611 Mitchell, James N 115 Mitchell, William W 339 Moffat, John W., Sergeant 286 Mogensen, Hans 139 Mohr, Charles 228 Molson, Christian 254 Monahan, Thos. F 139, 266 Montague, James 228 Montgomery, William 183 Moon, William S., Captain.... 52. 53. 59. 68. 79, 84, 150, 552, 554 Moore, D. J., Major. O. G. N. . . 664 Moore, Elbridge W., Second Lieutenant 40, 237 Moore, Hurlie L., Corporal 385 Moore, Jesse C 391 Moore, John M 160 Morelock, A. Lee, Sergeant.... 74, 171, 554 Morelock, William M 183 Morgan, Dell 295 Morgan, Frank L.. 229 Morgan, Louis 254 Morse, Lee K., First Sergeant.. 348 Morse, Percy M 346 Morrell, William 254 Morris, William D 300 Morris, William P 115 PACK Morrow, William C, Corporal..." 270 Moshberger, Eugene, Corporal. 352 Moshberger, R. A., Corporal 352 Mossie, Eber D 183 Moulton. Ralph H., First Serg.. 329 Mount, Earl 74, 160, 554 Mueller, Gustav A., Chief Mu- sician 19, 102, 174 Muir, James 362 Mulkey, Philip J 319 Mullen, Francis J 391 Mullen, Frank 228 Munroe, Thomas W., Q. M. Serg. 150 Muralt, Christian, Jr 295 Murbach, Albert 238 Murphy, Charles A., Second Lieutenant 12, 53. 60, 303, 535, 537, 552 Murphy, Stephen 370 Murray, Thomas H., Corporal... 131 Myers, Maurice H 295 Nageli, John 254 Nash, Claude M 238 Naylor, Arthur M 379 Needham, Nelson S 295 Nelson, Lewis F 379 Nendel. John W., Sergeant 372 Nesbett, Fred H 365 Neuhaus, Robert, Artificer 386 Neumann, Louis F 254 New, Judge D 282 Newby. Roy A 255 Newell, Herbert 115 Newman, Charles L 208 Newson, John D 160 Neylan, James R 275 Nice, Charles W 379 Nichol, George W 160 Nichols, Ammi S., Assistant Medical Examiner 21 Nicholas, Byron R 208 Nicholson, Clyde R., Corporal.. 245 Nickum, John C, Corporal 199 Noah, George E 212 Noel, Leigh A., Sergeant 305 Noltaer, Frede H., First Serg... 269 Norman, William S 339 Norris, Rea 295 North, William C, First Serg... 216 Northway, Joseph E 208 Norton, Fred J 240 Norwood, Will 319 Null, Frank 183 Odell, Ralph A 125 Oesch, Edward D., CorporaL .65, 200 Ogle, Volney 6 208 Oliver, Charles P 285 INDEX. 643 PAGK Oliver, George W., Musician. 166, 354 Olsen, Gustav 391 Olson, Charles 64, 213 Orchard, Hollie R.. . Ordway, Eliot W.. . Osburn, Thomas J. O'Brien, Joseph V.. O'Brien, Samuel R. O'Flaherty, Henry . O'Mara, William .. O'Neal, James B O'Neil, Robert J... 214 284 362 161 161 348 319 346 276 Page, James 6.5, 195 Papst, Albert 362 Park, George A., Corporal 131 Parsley, Everett B 140 Parsons, Alvin M 229 Parsons, Oscar l. 340 Parsons, Wm. W 166 Paterson, William L 276 Patterson, Charles 208 Patterson, Frank 296 Patterson, Ora R 379 Pattsn, Laurence C 255 Payne, Henry 82, 369 Payne, Herbert H 262 Peel, Gordon A 74, 214 Peppin, Walter F 379 Percy, Allen 276 Perkins, Clyde 326 Perkins, John W 2S3 Perkins, Thomas L 379 Perry, Richard E 125 Perry, William M 296 Petersen, Fred 319 Peterson, Harry W 379 Peterson, Olaf H., Corporal 153 Peterson, Peter 391 Petzold, Frederick 340 Pfaff, Henry, Sergeant 217 Phelps, Ono S 161 Phillips, Merrill D., Captain.... 68, 78, 286, 552, 553 Pickens, Leonard L., Captain.. 298 Pickering, Louis £ 276 Pierce, Frank 276 Pierce, John E 192 Pike, Albert L 115 Pinson, Joseph E 183 Pitts, James R 379 Plank, Claude F 320 Piatt, Ralph, First Lieutenant and Commis.sary 48. 120, 612, 616, 617, 618 Platts, Charles R., Second Lieu- tenant 56. 350, 542, 543, 552 Platts, Willis A., Fir.st Sergeant 35 Plumb, William M Poindexter, Fielding L 89, 296 Bollard, Frank 380 Ponath, William H., Corporal.. 58, 244, 535, 536 Poole, Samuel 276 Poorman, John M., Captain ..56, 68, 350, 541, 542, 543, 545, 552 Poorman, Tracy C, Corporal... 352 Porter, Edward 380 Porter, Leonard W 296 Porter, Marion L 320 Potter, Thaddeus, Q. M. Sergeant 372 Povey, George W,, Second Lieu- tenant 44, 48, 329, 611 Powell, Alvin H 208 Powell, Frederick J., Corporal.. 288 Powell, Robert R 366 Powell, Thaddeus, Q. M. Sergeant 372 Powers, William N 380 Pracht, William B., Sergeant.. 129 Prasil, Adolph C 380 Pratt, Douglas L 276 Pratt, Irving H., Sergeant 269 Pratt, Martin 276 Praytor, John G 255 Prentiss, Joseph C 115 Prescott, Austin F., Ciptain 31, 40, 68, 80, 170, 193, 552 Prescott, Sherburn N., Sergeant 171 Presnell, Frank L 255 Preston, Jack P., Corporal 218 Price, Frederic 362 Price, George J 379 Price, Harvey L 362 Price, Richard W 209 Proebstel, Charles 184 Proebstel, Louis, Sergeant 171 Provost, Charles F., Saddler... 374 Pryor, Earl A 161 Pryor, Frank A., Corporal 152 Pugh, Percy, Corporal 306 Pullen, Arthur 82. 363 Purdin, Charles 276 Purdom, Arthur F 296 Purdy, Benjamin Purdy, Edwin P.. Pursifull, Isaac A Putnam, Frank T. Puzey, George . . Wagoner '^ Radcliffe, A. L Rader, James M., Wagonei Randall, Frank I Rankin, George W Ransom, Clayton L 96. Rardin, William H Rasch, Halvor H Rath, Charles J RatlTbun, Charles V 255 144 289 140 229 140 387 380 391 604 229 276 296 255 644 PAGE Rea, Don P., Corporal 270 Rea, Edward C 391 Reavis, Walter H 340 Redman, Zederiah M.. 116 Reed, Gf-o-ge P 320 Reed William F 363 Reese, oeorge B 391 Reeves, John T 88, 116, 588 Rehnstrom, S. E.. First Sergeunt 372 Reichwein, G. P. W^ 234 Reid, James J 369 Reid, John V., Corporal 342 Railing, John I . 184 Rekdahl, Markin 256, 589 Reynolds, Otis A 116 Rice, Eugene F., Corporal 199 Rich, Charles H., Corporal. . .82, 105 Richardson, A. L 276 Rickert, Daniel H., Q. M. Serg.. 384 Richter, Otto 256 Riddle, Edward W 140 Riggen, William H 211 Riley, William F., Bugler 387 Riley, William J., Captain 384 Rinard, Daniel A., Corporal 386 Ringstrom, Axel 102 Rintoul, James, J", Pergeant Major 19. 50, 102 Rittenour, Fred H., Musician... 333 Ritter, Henry J., Wagoner 220 Ritterspacher, Carl, Reg. Q. M. Sevgeant 19, 101 Robbs, Ben F 184 Roberts, Asa L., Corporal. 74, 172, 5r.2 Roberts, Don A 391 Roberts, Elmer 74, 162, 552 Roberts, Wm. H 148 Robertson, Marcus W. 87, 98, 141, 571 Robertson, Thomas D., Corporal 306 Robinson, Ed. A 209 Robinson, Harry H ?10 Robinson, Jesse M 277 Robinson, Robert E 340 Robinson. William H 229 Robley, Fred G., Ccrporal 130 Rockwell, Albert W 209 Rodman, H. C 277 Rofeno, Frank E 266 Rogers, Bert 229 Rogers, Hugh S., Corporal 105 Roggers, Henry M 368 Rolfe, George E 264 Rommel, Edward 83, 116 Rooney. Fred J 256 Rose, George, Musician 132 Roselle. Van R 391 Ross, Harry W 320 Rowland, Cunliff 297 Rubart. Charles R 74. 347. 554 PAGE kuddy, James A 184 Ruedy, Charles W 74, 230, 554 Ruhl, Charles H 285 Ruof, Ernest 391 Russell, Charles 149 Russell, William K 380 Rutenic, John C, B^irst Lieuten- ant 19, 384, 609 Sackett, Dewey W 141 Salisbury, Austin J 96, 277, 604 Saltmarsh, Henry R 297 Sammons, Harold G.. 392 Sampson, Edgar E 74. 257, 554 Sanders, Carlton E 74. 341, 554 Sanders, Guy N 74. 341, 554 Sanders, Oliver A 364 Sandoz, Louis H 145 Saunders, Fred A 277 Saunders, Paschal M 392 Savage, Charles C 320 Savage, James C 363 Saxton, John G 392 Scanlon, John 116 Schardt, George P 257 Schermerhorn, G. M 18-5 Schinaman, George, Corporal... 218 Schloth, Rudolph E., Corporal.. 373 Schmidlin, Albert J 257 Schnell, Henry 363 Schriber, Charles N 321 Schroeder, Henry, Sergeant 6&d Schwartz, William F 74, 321, 554 Scott, Frank D 184 Scott, Harvey R., Musician 153 Scott, Horace R 299 Scott, Louis W 277 Scott, William B 321 Scully, Eugene, Corporal 282 Searcy, William E., Corporal.. 74, 173, 554 Segur, Ernest G 239 Selsor, Leonard H 185 Settle, Walter A 392 Shambrook, David R., Sergeant. 129 Shelley, Walter J 164 Shepherd, David 116 Sherman, Ray M 284, 366 Sherman, William D f . . . . 209 Shircliff, Homer W., Corporal.. 199 Shoemaker, William A, Corporal 245, 536 Shull, Dean E 185 Shulmire, Erwin A 185 Shunk, George W 257 Simmons, Cal. C, Corporal 219 Simmons, Guy D 116 Simmons, James R., Corporal.. 353 Simpson, Charles L 213 G45 Singleton, James 141 Sloan, Willis D 1S6 Slocum, Harry C, Sergeant.... 129 Small, William J 392 Smelser, Michael C 392 Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm ley, Thomas, Corporal 330 th, Arthur E 162 th, B. F., Jr 230 th, Benjamin 117 th, Bert J 380 th. Burl C 141 th, Charlie 192 th, Charles R 2.5S th, Charles W 341 th, Edward B 321 th, Erastus A., Corporal 287 th, Forris V 209 th, Frank 117 th Frank H., (^orporal 246 th, Frederick T., Corporal... 200 th, Gilbert F 98, 230, 592 th, George F 141 th, George S 346 th, Harry W., Musician 246 th, Jacob N 74, 209, .545 th, Joseph H th, Lester P th, Louis F th, Orr O th, Ray N th, Robert E th, Rolland E.. . . th, Thomas J.. . . th, Walter C, Jr. th, William E.. . . th, Wm. H 277 297 258 381 231 258 341 209 341 .322, 588, 594 141 ith, William K,, Jr., Corporal 271 Snodgrass, James E 74, 132, 554 Snow, Arthur P 117 Snow, Charles E 392 Snow, Ernest W 117 Snow, Frank A 380 Snyder, George C. L 74, 117, 554 Sorensen, Andreas I., Veterinary Sergeant 372 Soules, Elmo M 186 Southwick, Al. M., Artificer 309 Spearman, Joseph R 392 Spencer, Peter L 277 Spencer, Tobias R 297 Spicer, George W....74, 259, 268, 554 Spierings, Albert 277, 283 Spierings, John 285 Springer, Louis E 297 Spurlock, Harry K 380 St. Clair, Francis M 209 St. Rayner, John H 381 Stacks, Willis R 381 Stanley, George C 145 PAGE Stanley, Harold G 259 Stansbery, Ernest 282 Stanton, Harold L 60, 259 Stanwood, Franklin 186 Staub, Rudolph R., Corporal... 373 Starmer, George W 145 Starmer, Samuel 142 Stark, Julius, Corporal 331 Starr, Samuel W 297 Stearns, Earl D 2o0 Steele, Robert E 297 Stellmacher, Frank C, Sergeant 287 Stephens, Alfred L 277 Stephens, Charles L 277 Stevens, Roy R 142 Stevens, Wiliard 322 Stewart, Frank B., Sergeant 287 Stiles, Edward E 162 Stillwell, A. J 278 Stillwell, Fred G 262 Stilwell, Jesse E 341 Stimpson, Arthur J., Sergeant.. 305 Stimson, Harry M., Corporal.... 105 Stoddard, Fred B 210 Stokes, George 213 Stone, Ernest L 142 Stone, Lloyd B 210 Stott, Claude 230 Stranahan, Robert 380 Strange, Ferd A., Corporal 130 Strange, Henry A 142 Strawderman, L. V 74, 348, 554 Strayer, Robert L 212 Streda, Albert 210 Street, Edgar A., Corporal 199 Stryker, Guy Q 233 Stuart, William C 118 S"tubling, Arthur C, Sergeant.. 232 Sullivan, Joseph P 193 Sullivan, Patsy 259 Summers, George 231 Summers, Owen, Colonel 9, 11. 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 36, 39, 41, 43, 45, 50, 56, 61, 62, 63, 65, 69, 78, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 95, 99, 546, 549, 550, 551, 552, 554, 555, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 577, 579, 580. 585, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 603, 604, 615, 616. 620, 627, 628, 629 Surryhue, Frank W 297 Sutton, Delbert J., Second Lieu- tenant 52, 79, 242, 269, 552, 554 Sutton, Ross S 142 Swarts, Walter A 322 Sweet, Neal, Corporal 245 Symons, Loren 186 646 552 303 187 322 374 142 142 554 163 187 385 PAGE Taft, Hiland E 187 Taft, Myron L 282 Taylor, Arthur R., Cook 354 Taylor, Frank 261 Taylor, Frank E., Corporal 151 Taylor, George M 162 Taylor, Hayes B 74, 348, 554 Taylor, Jay E 148 Taylor, Seldon W 233 Taylor, Smith L 163 Taylor, T. C, President of the Senate 629 Teatz, Charles 118 Teesdale, John J 278 Telfer, George F., First Lieuten- ant 19, 40, 48, 55, 79, 329, Terrell, Ralph W., First Lieut.. Terry, William H Thibodeau, Louis C Thiede, Mark E., Farrier Thomas, Charles Thompson, Ernest L Thompson, Frank H 74. 118, Thompson, H. C Thompson, James C Thompson, Mark C, CorporaL . . Thompson, Peter ii64 Thompson, William G., Corporal 212 Thornton, Edwin C 77, 260, 554 Thornton, James E., Second Lieutenant 13. 88, 92, 98, 128, 552, r.TO, 596 Thornton, Silas W 322 Threlkeld, Walter S 143 Thurber, Arthur C 118 Thurston, C. A 238 Thurston, Jabez J., Sergeant... 304 Thurston, Samuel R 163 Tibbets, Cyrus R 163 Tiernan, Charles E 341 Tillman, George 118 Tindall. Gregg 278 Todd, Grover 364 Tompkins, Stephen L 372 Tooze, James H 365 Torbet, Joseph E 301 Townsend, Thos C 322 Tracy, Ernest 364 Trask, Arthur E., Corporal 332 Travis, Lee M 165 Tremont, Roxie 278 Trill, Wallace G 392 Trumbull, Edw. D 392 Tucker, Thomas 163 Tuffard, Norman E., Trumpeter. 374 Turlay, Harry S., Corporal 105 Turnbull, William F 260 Turner, George M., Corporal.... 287 Turner, James j92 PAGE Turney, Isaac 278 Turpin, John H 323 Tusant, Nelson J 381 Tuttle, Benjamin B., Adjutant General of Oregon. 21, 609, 613, 614 Tycer, William 297 Uglow, John C 366 Ulrich, Benjamin F 341 Ungerman, William B....74, 118, 554 Upton, J. H., Musician 282 Urech, Julius 187 Vahl, Emil C 381 Valentine, John A 231 Van VIeet, Lewis 119 Van Winkle, Roy 381 Verweyst, Charles L 187 Viereck, Leslie L., Corporal 298 Voight, Thomas 381 Vulgamore, A. T 164 Wade, Benjamin F 210 Wagner, Charles F., Corporal... 332 Wagner, Henry M 96, 143, 604 Wagner, John F 392 Wagner, John H 143 Wakeley, James W 347 Waldron, George C 298 Walker, Dell E., Sergeant 351 Walker, Maurice L., Corporal.. 271 Walker, William 84, 119 Wallace, Charles W 298 Wallace, Frank C 146 Wallace, M. K. B 231 Walsch, Frank 193 Waiter, Wert D., Artificer 382 Wamsley, Charles C 210 Wann, William 146 Ward, Wiley W 278 Warlen, Gustav, Artificer 374 Warner, Kenneth G 278 Warren, John F., Corpoi-al 331 Warren, Thomas J., Musician. . . 106 Watson, Alfred P 279 Watson, James 279 Watson, Walter C, Cook 246 Watters, John 213 Weatherford, T. J 392 Webb, Percy A 143 Weber, Eugene 364 Weber, Frank 231 Weed, Charles J 283 Weed, Frank E., First Sergeant. 103 Weeks, Frank D 211 Weidman, Louis, Cook 386 Welch, Azel C 231 Welch, Harry 381 Welch, Hiram U., Second Lieut 372 INDEX. 647 621 341 104 323 299 210 55t Wells, Almon V., Corporal 373 Wells, Clarence C, Corporal... 331 Wells, Harry L., Captain . ....40, 48, 55, 68, 70, 74, 79, 329 552, 554, 611. 613, 616, 618, 619 Wells, William H Welsh, James J., Corporal Wentworth, Fred Wenworth, Thos Wessburg, John E West, James, Sergennl . .74, IRS, West, Peter F 75, West, Thomas H West, Walter L Westbrook, Fred H., Cnporal... Weston, Jasper Wetterboro, Oscar W Weyrick, Harvey Wheeler, Frank E Wheeler, Harry M White, Andrew White, Earl White, James G., Co poral White, Waiter White, William G Whiting, Sandford, Cntain and Assistant Surgeon 19, 20. 37. 48, Whitehead, H. L., Corporal Whitehead, M. R Whitney, Charles A Whitney, Claud A Whitney, John Whittaker, Wesley Whittaker, Wil'iam, Artificer... Wicke, Paul A Wickline, Elza M WIckline, Oliver S Widmer, William W Wigq, Georqe H.. C( rporal Wight, D. Webster Wilcox, Robert B Wiley, Luther A Willett, Caeorge T., Assistant Adjutant General O. N. G 610, 611, 612, Williams, Albert Williams, George Williams, Jack Williams, Joseph B Williamson, S. C Willis Percy, Major 12. 13, 19, 43, 50, 56, 57. 62 63, 6i, 6''\ 68, 76, 78, 79, 381 392 288 119 279 260 393 195 381 393 105 323 164 100 386 279 364 119 163 163 153 381 210 382 120 21S 326 143 301 613 120 164 279 12". 279 I'AC.K 84, 88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 96, 100, 540, 541. 542, 543, 545, 552, 553, 573. 585, 587, 589, 591, 594, 596, 604 Willoughby, Leon R., Corporal. .153 Wiison, Charles 323 Wilson, C. E 188 Wilson, Harry 119 Wilson, Harry A 382 Wilson, Henry C 231 Wilson, Theodore M 382 Wilson, Walter W., S. rgeant . . . 74, 330, 554 Wire, Frank B 301 Wise,' Fred B 211 Wise, James C 120 Withington. A. P., Artificer 220 Withrow, Fred 143 Witlock, Julius, Corporal 173 Woelm, Adolph, Musician 334 Wolfe, George N., First Lieuten- ant 48, 260 Wood, Alpha, Corporal 171 Wood, Dr. Frances, Nurse 22 Wood, James McL, Ordinance Officer, O. N. G 611 ^•^'ooH. Silvey • • • 165 Woodruff, Frank 77, 164, 554 Woods, Morton 188 Worrell, Samuel C 298 Worrick, Elmer O., Captain 36, 52, 53, 59, 60, 68, 303, 552 Wright, Hubert 143 Wright. Joseph S 342 Wusterbgrg, Alex 393 Yoran, George O., Lieutenant Colonel 12, 13, 16. 17, 18, 41, 48. 64. 72, 78, 84, 88, 89, 91, 93, 97. 99, 542, 543, 562, 573. 580, 587, 591, 594, 595, 596 Young, Brigham W 393 Young, Edward C 125 Young, George D., Sergeant 373 Young, Harry D 144 Young, Jonathan A., Second Lif^ut-nant 44. 84, 103, 552 Young, Norris J 382 Zeiler, Frederick 382 Zigler, Charles, Cmporal 374 Zimmerman, Z., Jr 3S2 Zirka, Henry 342 Zolla-, Henr- 324 RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT TO— ► 202 Main Library LOAN PERIOD 1 HOME USE 2 3 4 5 5 ALL BOOKS AAAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS imonth loans may oe .en^^e^ b, c.il„.g 6,^ 405 DUE AS STAMPED BELOW RECEIVED BY MOV 1 3 1984 ^IPri II ATION DEP r UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY FORM NO. DD6, 60m, 1/83 BERKELEY CA 94720 ®s GENERAL LIBRARY - U.C. BERKELEY iiiiiiiiii