EXAMINATION PAPERS 
 
 FOR THE L'SE OF 
 
 r 
 
 THEOLOGICAL STUDENTS, 
 
 ON THE FACTS OF 
 
 THE 0L3J AND .NEW TESTAMEiN 1 S ; 
 
 THE DOCTUINES AND EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANiJY ; 
 
 ; ;:• HISTOUY OF THE CHURCH; 
 
 LlTUKGiES, IKANSLATIONS Ol' '1;HE BIBLE, &c.- 
 
 BY THE 'AUTHOR OF 
 QUESTIONS ON ADAM's ROMAN ANTIQUITIES," &C. 
 
 I tasked myself, and I asked myself. 
 And myself replied to me. 
 
 OXFORD, 
 
 HENRY SLATTER, HIGH STREEi- 
 
 LONGMAN ANT> Cu. ; WKITTAKER AND CO.; H \M1LT0N, A UAHS, 
 «w» ANl* CO , IMPKIN kHU MARSHALL, LONDON. 
 
^.^^ ^^^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 -^^^ 
 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 GIF^" OK 
 
 c?£,__^_. J^M^^ 
 
 Received Septemher-.^ i88 5, 
 
 A c cessions No . X-y& / ^ Shelf No. 
 
 4- 
 -30 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS 
 
 FOR THE USE OF 
 
 THEOLOGICAL STUDENTS, 
 
 ON THE FACTS OF 
 
 THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS ; 
 THE DOCTRINES AND EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY; 
 THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH; 
 LITURGIES, TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE, &c. 
 
 ITIES," &C. 
 
 I tasked myself, and I asked myself. 
 And myself replied to me. 
 
 I 
 
 OXFORD, 
 
 HENRY SLATTER, HIGH STREET. 
 1837. 
 

 2-pC/^ 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Preface ..... 
 
 Scripture Facts and History 
 
 Evidences of Christianity 
 
 Doctrines of Christianity 
 
 Ecclesiastical History 
 
 Miscellaneous Questions and Translations 
 
 Versions of the Bible 
 
 Liturgies ..... 
 
 Appendix : containing 
 
 Passages for Translation from 
 
 English into Latin . . 73 
 
 Passages for Translation from Latin 
 
 and Greek into English . . 86 
 
 Page 
 
 V 
 
 1 
 
 25 
 
 37 
 48 
 61 
 68 
 69 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2007 with funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/examinationpaperOOoxforich 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 \ 
 
 It is now a considerable time since any- 
 work has been published, consisting of 
 Theological Questions, and those such as 
 a student might expect to meet with in 
 examination for Holy Orders. To sup- 
 ply the deficiency, the present volume has 
 been prepared ; containing Questions on 
 the Old and New Testaments, the Evi- 
 dences and Doctrines of Christianity, 
 and such parts of Ecclesiastical History, 
 as are specially interesting and important 
 to an Enghsh theological student. 
 
 The queries on Scripture characters, 
 facts, and history, must rather be con- 
 sidered as specimens, than as forming 
 a complete series of Examination Papers. 
 These might have been multiplied to 
 almost any amount, and would have 
 swelled the volume to an inconvenient 
 size. The same remark applies in some 
 degree to the other Papers. Still it has 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 been the endeavour of the compiler, to 
 embody a complete system of divinity 
 and sound ecclesiastical discipline in the 
 compilation, so that a student who had 
 fairly investigated its contents, would 
 have no reason to dread any Theological 
 examination. 
 
 It will be found, that the general divi- 
 sion of the subjects has not, in all cases, 
 been adhered to. Where, for instance, 
 an inquiry relating to Church doctrine 
 or discipline has appeared to arise natu- 
 rally from a Scripture fact, it has been 
 placed in juxta-position with it. 
 
 The passages at the close of the volume 
 are also selected, as specimens of those 
 given by the ablest and most strict 
 Theological examiners. It will be ob- 
 served, that the translation of such docu- 
 ments involves not only some classical 
 scholarship, but a knowledge of the 
 phraseology of the New Testament 
 and of the Fathers of the Church. 
 The student must be careful not to be 
 theologically wrong, while he is clas- 
 sically right ; and in reference to the 
 rendering in another tongue of these 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 and of similar quotations, it will be ne- 
 cessary to consider not only what is 
 elegant in language, but what is sound 
 in divinity. In translating Creeds and 
 Confessions, this precaution is especially 
 necessary. The slightest change of phrase- 
 ology may put in jeopardy some vital 
 principle of Christianity, and break, or at 
 least attenuate, a link of that invisible 
 chain of intermingling doctrine and dis- 
 cipline, which unites the members and 
 forms the Oneness of the CathoHc 
 Church. 
 
 The Feast of 
 Saint John the Evangelist. 
 
SCRIPTURE FACTS AND HISTORY. 
 
 1. What were the countries respec- 
 tively peopled by the descendants of 
 Jaf)heth ? 
 
 2. What hypotheses have been formed 
 concerning the exact situation of Tarshish? 
 
 3. Give a short account of the theories 
 concerning the situation of Paradise. 
 
 4. Where is Mount Ararat ? Shinar ? 
 
 5. In whose time before the flood did 
 idolatry probably commence ? Give your 
 reasons for this answer. 
 
 6. Are the discoveries of Geology in- 
 consistent with the Mosaic account of the 
 creation ? 
 
 7. Trace the course of the wanderings 
 of Abraham. Through what countries 
 did he pass ? 
 
 8. The date of the call of Abraham. 
 The date of his death. 
 
 9., In what sense is the ark a type ? 
 
 B 
 
^ SCRIPTURE FACTS 
 
 10. Give an account of the principal 
 opinions which have been held bj^ learned 
 men concerning the person of Melchi- 
 sedek. 
 
 11. What were the respective positions 
 of the twelve tribes in Palestine ? 
 
 12. What was Noah's prophecy con- 
 cerning Canaan? How has this been 
 literally fulfilled ? 
 
 13. What were the cities founded by 
 Nimrod ? 
 
 14. Under what names is Noah sup- 
 posed to be known in pagan mythology? 
 
 15. What were the names of the prin- 
 cipal Canaanitish tribes dispossessed by 
 the Israelites ? 
 
 16. '* By one man's disobedience many 
 were made sinners." Prove the equity of 
 this. In other words, is the involving of 
 Adam's posterity in the consequences of 
 his transgression, contrary to the prin- 
 ciples of justice universal among man- 
 kind ? 
 
 17. Is the designation of ** Eve" by 
 Adam supposed to imply any act of faith 
 on his part ? 
 
AND HISTORY. 6 
 
 18. The respective situations of Peraea, 
 Kadesh, Zoar, Mamre, Padan-aram, Ash- 
 kenaz, Dedan, Beer-sheba. 
 
 19. Why was Beer-sheba so called? 
 
 20. The date of the Deluge. 
 
 21. What argument in favour of the 
 truth of what was received traditionally 
 among the patriarchs, before the invention 
 of writing, is derived from their longevity ? 
 
 22. The position of Mesopotamia, and 
 the theories of learned men about the 
 situation of" Ophir." 
 
 23. By whom was Egypt peopled? 
 What countries were occupied by Phut and 
 his descendants? Where was *' Sheba?^^ 
 
 24. The geographical situation of Gog. 
 
 25. What is meant by the ** Isles of 
 the Gentiles ?" 
 
 26. Are the names of any early colo- 
 nists, mentioned in holy Scripture, found 
 in connexion with the places which they 
 peopled ? 
 
 27. What was Noah's prophecy con- 
 cerning Japheth, and how has it been 
 signally fulfilled ? 
 
 b2 
 
4 SCRIPTURE FACTS 
 
 1. What was the precise nature of the 
 sin of Balaam ? 
 
 2. What prophecies did he utter? 
 
 3. How were they fulfilled ? 
 
 4. The date of the entrance of the 
 twelve tribes into Canaan. 
 
 5. What was the prophecy relative to 
 the rebuilding of Jericho, and how was it 
 fulfilled ? 
 
 6. In what sense were Moses and 
 Joshua types of our Saviour ? 
 
 7. What was the precise nature of the 
 sin of Achan, and that of Korah ? 
 
 8. What period of time does the book 
 of Judges include ? Are there any chro- 
 nological difficulties connected with the 
 book in question ? 
 
 9. What was the social condition of 
 the Jews at this time ? 
 
 10. Where was the tabernacle situated? 
 
 11. What provision was made for the 
 tribe of Levi in parceUing out the land to 
 be occupied by the twelve tribes ? 
 
 12. The geography of Dan, Simeon, 
 DecapoHs, Jerusalem, Jericho, Ai, the 
 Moabites, Amalekites, Gibeon, Gath, 
 
AND HISTORY. 5 
 
 Gerar, Gerasa, Tyre, Sidon, Carmel, 
 Tabor, Moriah, Zion, Bethlehem, Joppa. 
 
 13. The course of the Jordan. What 
 are the chief characteristics of this river ? 
 
 14. Who were the Edomites? What 
 countries did they occupy ? 
 
 15. What were the prophecies pro- 
 nounced against them ? 
 
 16. How were they fulfilled? What 
 modern writers have visited these coun- 
 tries ? 
 
 17. The part of the Red Sea at which 
 the Israelites crossed. 
 
 18. The situation of Goshen; and your 
 reasons for supposing it to be in the part 
 you have mentioned. 
 
 19. The situation of On, No-Ammon, 
 Noph, and the classical names of these 
 towns. 
 
 20. The political condition of Edom at 
 the Exodus. 
 
 21. Where did Moses write the book 
 of Genesis ? 
 
 22. What reason have you for sup- 
 posing that it was the second Person of 
 the ever-blessed Trinity who appeared to 
 Moses and to Joshua ? 
 
O SCRIPTURE FACTS 
 
 23. Explain the expression, ' Angel of 
 the Covenant.' 
 
 24. Who were the Phihstines? 
 
 25. The principal events in the life of 
 Gideon. 
 
 26. The different theories of learned 
 men on the sacrifice of the daughter of 
 Jephtha. 
 
 27. What reference is made to this 
 event in the New Testament, and what 
 presumptive evidence does it afford of the 
 manner in which this fact ought to be 
 explained? 
 
 28. What was the nature of the govern- 
 ment of Judaea undef the Judges ? 
 
 29. In what way was the Tribe of 
 Levi separated from the rest, and what 
 functions belonged to it ? 
 
 1. Who was Balaam, and how does he 
 stand connected with the chain of pro- 
 phecy ? 
 
 2. What was the state of society in the 
 time of Lot ? 
 
AND HISTORY. 7 
 
 3. Was the observance of the sabbath 
 enjoined on mankind before the time of 
 Moses ? 
 
 4. If so, in what manner was it ob- 
 served ? 
 
 5. The principal dates in the history of 
 the Jews, from the Exodus to the first 
 captivity. 
 
 6. What are the principles upon which 
 Hebrew poetry is constructed ? Adduce 
 instances. 
 
 7. Give an account of the early history 
 of Jerusalem, before it was taken by 
 David. 
 
 8. What were the chief cities of the 
 kingdom of Israel ? 
 
 9. What were the principal events in 
 the lives of Ahab and Hezekiah, and 
 contrast their characters ? 
 
 10. The character of Melchisedek. 
 
 11. In what respects was he a type of 
 Christ? 
 
 12. Where is the book of Genesis 
 supposed to have been written ? 
 
 13. What were the last words of 
 Joshua, and how are they remarkable ? 
 
 14. What was the vow of Jephtha, and 
 how was it fulfilled ? 
 
8 SCRIPTURE FACTS 
 
 15. The history of the ark of the 
 covenant. 
 
 16. The symbolical thi7igs contained in 
 the Holy of Holies. 
 
 17. How do the Jews divide the Scrip- 
 tures ? 
 
 18. Give an account of the Jewish 
 feasts. 
 
 19. The characteristics of a Hebrew 
 Ode, as exhibited in the Ode of Moses on 
 passing the Red Sea. 
 
 20. Give an account of the removal of 
 the Ark to Mount Sion, by David. 
 
 21. What kind of imagery is generally 
 used by the inspired writers of the Old 
 Testament ? 
 
 1. The moral condition of the Jews in 
 the time of EHjah. 
 
 2. The history of Edom, as derived 
 from sacred Scripture. 
 
 3. The character of Josiah. 
 
 4. The date of Sennacherib's invasion. 
 
 5. Who compiled the two books of the 
 Kings? 
 
 6. When were they first so called ? 
 
AND HISTORY. 9 
 
 7. The circumstances that attended the 
 dedication of Solomon's Temple. 
 
 8. The history of the Temples from 
 the time of Solomon, until the reign of 
 Vespasian. 
 
 9. The character of Jehoiada. 
 
 10. What period of history does the 
 book of Ezra include ? 
 
 1 1 . What period is included in that of 
 Nehemiah ? 
 
 12. What was the language of the 
 Jews after their return from Babylon ? 
 
 13. A plan of Jerusalem in the time of 
 our Saviour. 
 
 14. The site of Mount Calvary. 
 
 15. A history of the city of Babylon. 
 
 16. What part of the Temple was 
 called the Oracle ? Why ? 
 
 17. How were the priests maintained 
 during the Levitical dispensation ? 
 
 18. What blessings did Moses promise 
 to Levi ? 
 
 19. How many kinds of sacrifices were 
 there among the Jews ? 
 
 20. Explain what is meant by the 
 Sabbatical year. 
 
 21. How did Othniel deliver Israel? 
 
 b3 
 
10 scRiPTtrRE Facts 
 
 22. The prophecies of Nathan. 
 
 23. What was the first offence of Saul? 
 
 24. David's direct prophecies of the 
 Messiah. 
 
 1. *' The Loud shall bring a nation 
 upon thee from far, from the end of the 
 earth, [swift] as the eagle flieth, a nation 
 whose tongue thou shalt not understand, 
 a nation of fierce countenance, which 
 shall not respect the person of the old, 
 nor pity the young." Deut. xxviii, 49. 
 
 To whom does this prophecy refer? 
 When was it spoken ? Is this the whole 
 of the prophecy ? 
 
 2. Explain the words Jeshurun, Elohim, 
 Jehovah, Hallelujah^ Selah, Hosanna, 
 
 3. What was the spirit and design of 
 the Mosaic Institutions ? 
 
 4. Were they imitated by other nations? 
 
 5. What was the Sanhedrim? 
 
 6. A sketch of the Hebrew govern- 
 ment, as left by Moses. 
 
 7. The principal servitudes of the 
 Israelites. 
 
AND HISTORY. 11 
 
 1. The difference between l^avdo'rua'ig 
 and dvu(rru(ng^ as applied to the resurrec- 
 tion, 
 
 2. Prove that the observance of festival- 
 days is not contrary to the practice of the 
 Apostles. 
 
 1. What were the signs predicted by 
 Christ in reference to the destruction of 
 Jerusalem ? 
 
 2. Did the Christians take advantage 
 of these predictions ? 
 
 3. The character of Eliphaz the Te- 
 manite. 
 
 4. Which is the first parable on record 
 in the Bible ? 
 
 5. The geographical situation of the 
 places on the east of Jordan. 
 
 6. What king of Egypt was contem- 
 porary with Solomon ? 
 
 7. The interview between Joash and 
 Elisha, and the moral to be derived from 
 it. 
 
 8. To what countries were the Israelites 
 banished after their captivity? 
 
12 SCRIPTURE FACTS 
 
 9. Particularize the three stages of the 
 captivity of Judah. 
 
 10. What testimony is there to the 
 prophetical character of Daniel in the 
 New Testament ? 
 
 1. How did Antiochus Epiphanes per- 
 secute the Jews ? 
 
 2. Give a brief account of the govern- 
 ment of the Maccabees. 
 
 3. In whose power was the nation of 
 the Jews placed at the Advent of our 
 Lord ? 
 
 4. Who were the Karaites? 
 
 5. What is meant by the term ** Pro- 
 selytes of the gate?" 
 
 6. What are the chief events in Jewish 
 history between the close of the canon of 
 the Old Testament, and the birth of John 
 the Baptist ? 
 
 7. Was John the Baptist the subject 
 of prophecy ? 
 
 8. Who were the Essenes ? 
 
 9. An account of the Herodians. 
 
AND HISTORY. 13 
 
 10. The principal events during the 
 reign of Rehoboam. 
 
 11. The form of the Temple at Jeru- 
 salem. 
 
 12. The principal writers of the book 
 of Psalms. 
 
 13. An account of Solomon's apostasy. 
 
 14. The character of Jethro. 
 
 15. The prophecies relating to Cyrus. 
 
 16. The contents of the book of Esther. 
 
 17. The controversies relating to the 
 period of this history. 
 
 18. Who wrote the book of Lamenta- 
 tions ? 
 
 1. The geographical position of the 
 Kenites and the Hagarenes. 
 
 2. The position of Arnon, Hermon, 
 the Girgashites, the desert of Zin, Jabesh- 
 Gilead, Ramoth-Gilead, Ashdod, Hebron, 
 Mizpeh, Beth-aven, and Dodanim. 
 
 3. The course of St. Paul's voyage to 
 Rome. 
 
 4. The treatment with which he met 
 during his residence at Corinth. 
 
14 SCRIPTURE FACTS 
 
 5. The characteristics of the Seven 
 Churches of Asia, as described in the 
 book of Revelations. 
 
 6. The relative situation of Dan, 
 Ephraim, and Judah. 
 
 1. Mention the principal objections 
 urged by infidel writers against the book 
 of Daniel. 
 
 2. What were the tenets of the Phari- 
 sees? 
 
 3. Give a brief account of the Assyrian 
 empire. 
 
 4. In what prophecies is it alluded to? 
 
 5. What is the subject of Malachi's 
 prophecy ? 
 
 6. Who compiled the canon of the Old 
 Testament ? 
 
 7. Why does the Church of England 
 reject the Apocrypha ? 
 
 8. What books of the New Testament 
 have been considered by some of doubtful 
 authority? How do you prove their in- 
 spiration ? 
 
AND HISTORY. 15 
 
 9. Mention the prophecies relating to 
 the Roman empire. 
 
 10. What nations are represented by 
 the ten horns ? 
 
 1. Explain the Parable of the Ten 
 Virgins. 
 
 2. " Upon this rock will I build my 
 church." What interpretations have 
 been given of this passage ? 
 
 3. *' If they hear not Moses and the 
 Prophets, neither will they be persuaded 
 though one rose from the dead." Explain 
 this passage, and state at length the argu- 
 ment to which it belongs. 
 
 4. '' My Father worketh hitherto, and 
 I work." What is the connection of this 
 passage, and the argument of which it 
 forms part ? 
 
 5. Give an account of the erection of 
 the Temple on Mount Gerizim, and the 
 conversation of our Saviour with the 
 woman of Samaria. 
 
16 SCRIPTURE FACTS 
 
 6. Who were Shadrach and Abednego, 
 and where are their praises sung ? 
 
 7. Who founded the first school of the 
 prophets ? 
 
 8. Where was the ark kept before the 
 erection of Solomon's Temple ? 
 
 9. The principal events in the life of 
 Saul. 
 
 10. Prove that David, notwithstanding 
 his offences, was a man after God's own 
 heart. 
 
 11. The particular offence of the sons 
 of Eli against the Levitical ordinance. 
 
 12. A life of Nathan the prophet. 
 
 13. Compare the Epistles of the Gala- 
 tians and the Romans together. 
 
 14. What are the chief types of Christ 
 contained in the Old Testament ? 
 
 15. Give an account of the Annunci- 
 ation. 
 
 16. Are there any circumstances con- 
 nected with the birth of Christ, which 
 form evidences in favour of Christianity ? 
 
 17. The design of the Transfiguration. 
 
 18. The circumstances connected with 
 those miracles, in which Christ restored 
 
AND HISTORY. 17 
 
 the dead to life, are such as could not 
 possibly admit of collusion or deceit. 
 Prove this. 
 
 1 . The nature of the mediatorial king- 
 dom, as gathered from our Saviour's 
 conversations. 
 
 2. The prophecies in the Psalms re- 
 lating to Christ. 
 
 3. The dates of the Epistles, and the 
 places at which they were written, with 
 some account of the controversies on this 
 subject. 
 
 4. Define Heresy and Schism, and illus- 
 trate this definition by facts, in the Old 
 and New Testament. 
 
 5. '' The gifts and calling of God are 
 without repentance." Explain this. 
 
 6. What was the character of St. 
 John the Baptist, and how did he prepare 
 the way for our Saviour ? 
 
 7. *' The Son also shall be subject unto 
 him that put all things under him." How 
 has this passage been misunderstood? 
 
18 SCRIPTURE FACTS 
 
 State the nature of the subjection here 
 referred to. 
 
 8. '' Except a man be born of water 
 and of the Spirit." Explain this. 
 
 9. Do you find any rhythmical paral- 
 lelism in the writings of the Apostles ? 
 
 10. Adduce instances. 
 
 11. What is meant by the traditions of 
 the Elders ? 
 
 12. Examine the plan of Christianity 
 as developed in the New Testament, and 
 prove that it furnishes a strong presump- 
 tion of the truth of the system. 
 
 13. What reasons are there for sup- 
 posing the book of Tobit to be fictitious ? 
 
 14. What is the character of the book 
 of Baruch ? 
 
 15. How are the seventy weeks to be 
 understood ? 
 
 1. At what time did Habakkuk write 
 his prophecy ? 
 
 2. What was the character of Elijah 
 the Tishbite ? 
 
AND HISTORY. l9 
 
 3. Who was Jehu, and what was his 
 general character ? 
 
 4. Mention the principal authors of 
 schism in the Jewish Church, and shew 
 that they were not left unpunished. 
 
 5. Who is supposed to have compiled 
 the book of Chronicles ? 
 
 6. The date of the erection of the 
 second Temple. 
 
 7. The origin of synagogues and 
 
 8. Mention some of the miracles of the 
 Old Testament which have been explained 
 away by neologist writers, and shew the 
 fallacy of their objections. 
 
 9. What argument in support of the 
 doctrine of the ministration of angels is 
 derived from the facts of the Old Testa- 
 ment ? 
 
 1 . How do you reconcile the genealogy 
 of Christ given by St. Matthew with that 
 given by St. Luke ? 
 
 2. State the principal circumstances of 
 Christ^s temptation. 
 
20 SCRIPTURE FACTS 
 
 3. How would you prove the divinity 
 of Christ from the Gospel of St. Matthew ? 
 
 4. How, the doctrine of the Trinity? 
 
 5. State the doctrine of the Romish 
 Church respecting the supremacy of St. 
 Peter, and answer the arguments of 
 Roman Catholics upon the question. 
 
 6. What appears to have been the 
 lesson which Christ intended to inculcate, 
 when he commanded the young man, who 
 affirmed that he had kept the moral law, 
 to sell all and follow him ? 
 
 7. State the main object of the parable 
 of the householder, who hired labourers to 
 work in his vineyard at different hours, 
 and gave to each a penny. 
 
 8. What appear to have been the ob- 
 jects of Christ's triumphal entry into 
 Jerusalem, and purification of the Temple? 
 
 9. Give your reasons for supposing 
 that a miracle was or was not performed 
 on the occasion. 
 
 10. What is the argument of Christ 
 against the Sadducees, in reference to 
 their denial of the resurrection of the 
 body ? 
 
AND HISTORY. 21 
 
 11. ^ Attzk^IDti avroig o 'lyjcrovg' ovk g<rr/ 
 
 &soi larrs ; 
 
 Explain this passage, and shew the 
 connection in which it stands. 
 
 12. What part of the Jewish canon of 
 Scripture did the Sadducees reject ? 
 
 13. What are the characteristics of a 
 correct theory of interpretation ? 
 
 14. What is meant by the allegorical 
 interpretation of Scripture? Is this a 
 certain method ? 
 
 15. What do you understand by the 
 expression, *' the God of Abraham?" 
 
 1. What was the object of Christ's 
 Sermon on the Mount ? 
 
 2. State the principal circumstances of 
 Christ's early life. 
 
 3. Why were the people of Chorazin 
 and Bethsaida more guilty than those of 
 Tyre and Sidon ? 
 
 4. What is the lesson to be learned 
 from the history of the Canaanitish 
 woman ? 
 
 5. Explain the parable of the sower. 
 
22 SCRIPTURE FACTS 
 
 6. Give an account of Christ's trans- 
 figuration. 
 
 7. Mention some of the most remark- 
 able parables contained in the Gospel by 
 St. Matthew. 
 
 8. The life and character of St. Peter. 
 
 9. Examine those passages of Scripture 
 which are supposed to bear upon the 
 Popish doctrine of Supererogation. 
 
 10. State the argument of the Papists 
 in defence of Extreme Unction. 
 
 1. What was the curse pronounced 
 upon Adam ? 
 
 2. What, that pronounced on Eve? 
 What, upon the serpent ? 
 
 3. In which is the promise of a Re- 
 deemer contained ? 
 
 4. Give an account of the call of 
 Abraham. 
 
 5. The wanderings of the children of 
 Israel in the wilderness. 
 
 6. The contents of the ark of the 
 covenant. 
 
 7. The names of the Twelve Tribes. 
 
AND HISTORY. V\ >L 23 ..v./' 
 
 8. In whose reign was the kinga6te;;;^=====sii='=^^^ 
 Israel separated from that of Judah ? 
 
 9. How long did they continue, and 
 what was the end of each ? 
 
 10. Give some account of the family of 
 Herod. 
 
 1 1 . Who were the Herodians ? 
 
 12. The chief design of St. John's 
 Gospel. 
 
 13. The conversion and travels of St. 
 Paul. 
 
 14. The names of the twelve Apostles. 
 
 15. The geographical position of the 
 following places; Corinth, Derbe, Lystra, 
 Iconium, Galatia, Thessalonica, PhiHppi, 
 Smyrna, Tarsus, Colosse. 
 
 16. What authority do the Scriptures 
 give for the rite of Confirmation ? 
 
 17. Who were the Samaritans ? What 
 was the cause of enmity between them 
 and the Jews ? 
 
 18. How do you distinguish the rite of 
 Confirmation from a Sacrament ? 
 
 19. Quote passages of Scripture to 
 prove that Jesus Christ is wilUng to 
 receive all that come unto God bv him. 
 
24 SCRIPTURE FACTS AND HISTORY. 
 
 20. State the facts connected with the 
 completion of the prophecy in reference 
 to the Temple, *' There shall not be left 
 one stone upon another which shall not 
 be thrown down." 
 
EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 1. What is meant by the evidence of 
 Christianity ? 
 
 2. Distinguish between external and 
 internal evidence. 
 
 3. Is there any difference between in- 
 ternal and experimental evidence ? 
 
 4. Define both. 
 
 5. What presumption does the existence 
 of internal evidence furnish to the truth 
 of the external evidence of Christianity ? 
 
 6. Mention the chief heads to which 
 the external evidence may be reduced. 
 
 7. Does prophecy belong to the ex- 
 ternal or internal evidence ? 
 
 8. May a topic ever be said to belong 
 to both ? 
 
 1. What is meant by the antecedent 
 improbabihty of a revelation ? 
 
26 EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 2. Are there any presumptions for 
 supposing a revelation antecedently pro- 
 bable? 
 
 3. Is there any such antecedent im- 
 probability as evidence cannot surmount ? 
 
 4. Is there any fallacy contained in 
 the infidel objection to miracles, ' that 
 they are contrary to experience P' 
 
 5. What do you mean by experience ? 
 
 6. What is the kind of evidence 
 afforded to finite beings on all moral 
 subjects ? 
 
 7. State fully Mr. Hume's first great 
 objection to miracles as an evidence of 
 revelation. 
 
 L What are the two propositions by 
 which Dr. Paley endeavours to establish 
 the direct historical evidence of Chris- 
 tianity, and to distinguish it from the 
 evidence alleged for other miracles ? 
 
 2. Give a brief outhne of the argu- 
 ments by which he establishes the first 
 of these propositions. 
 
EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. 27 
 
 3. Shew that the system of Christianity 
 was ungrateful to Jewish habits and 
 principles. 
 
 4. What probabiUty in favour of the 
 truth of the story told in the four Gospels 
 may be derived from the opinions and 
 feelings of the Jews ? 
 
 5. What, from those of the Gentiles? 
 
 6. State some leading reasons, why 
 Christianity was rejected by the Roman 
 empire. 
 
 7. What credibility is derived to the 
 truth of the story told in the Gospels 
 from the writings of contemporary Pagans? 
 
 8. Mention some of these testimonies, 
 and state the nature and amount of their 
 value as evidence. 
 
 1. Why must w'e seek for an account 
 of early Christianity only in the writings 
 of Christians ? 
 
 2. What extent of evidence do we 
 possess in these writings ? 
 
 c2 
 
28 EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 3. Are there any casual or undesigned 
 disclosures in these books which tend to 
 increase their importance, as evidence ? 
 
 4. State the argument, to be derived 
 from this fact, in full. 
 
 1 . What presumption is there, derived 
 from the nature of the case, that the 
 story of the first Christians was mira- 
 culous ? 
 
 2. Is the account which we possess at 
 this day, that story ? 
 
 3. Prove this. 
 
 4. Is the suffering of persecution in 
 defence of any set of opinions a pre- 
 sumption in favour of their truth ? 
 
 5. How then does the fact, that the 
 Apostles of Christianity were persecuted, 
 bear upon the probability that they spoke 
 the truth ? 
 
 1. Explain the nature of the aggregate 
 authority of the written evidence of Chris- 
 tianity, and state its value as an argument 
 in defence of that system. 
 
EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. 29 
 
 2. How do we perceive that we pos- 
 sess a collection of proofs, and not a 
 naked or solitary testimony, in favour of 
 Christianity ? 
 
 1. State the principal arguments for 
 the authenticity and genuineness of the 
 holy Scriptures. 
 
 2. How do you distinguish between 
 genuineness and authenticity ? 
 
 3. Mention in order the eleven allega- 
 tions upon which Dr. Paley contends for 
 the authenticity of the New Testament 
 Scriptures. 
 
 4. Quote some passages from early 
 Christian writers, in which direct allusion 
 is made to the writings of the Apostles, 
 &c. in the New Testament. 
 
 5. Quote passages to prove that these 
 Scriptures were alluded to with particular 
 respect, and as possessing an authority 
 which belonged to no other books. 
 
 6. Give your reasons for asserting 
 that the Scriptures were, in very early 
 times, collected into a distinct volume. 
 
30 EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 7. Quote passages in which they are 
 distinguished by appropriate titles of 
 respect. 
 
 8. What reasons have we for sup- 
 posing that the Scriptures were publicly 
 read and expounded in the religious 
 assemblies of the early Christians ? 
 
 9. Mention some Harmonies and Com- 
 mentaries written upon them in very early 
 times. 
 
 10. How many years had elapsed 
 between the death of Christ and the 
 earhest of these harmonies ? 
 
 11. Give a succinct account of the 
 most ancient Versions of the New Tes- 
 tament Scriptures. 
 
 1. What books were received without 
 doubt by those who doubted concerning 
 the other books which are included in 
 our present Canon ? 
 
 2. State the principal evidence upon 
 which the Epistle to the Hebrews is so 
 included. 
 
EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY, 31 
 
 3. What is meant by the passage 
 concerning ' the heavenly witnesses ?' 
 
 4. Give a brief account of the con- 
 troversy which has taken place upon 
 that passage. 
 
 5. Prove that the historical Scriptures 
 of the New Testament were attacked by 
 the early adversaries of Christianity, as 
 containing the accounts upon which the 
 rehgion is founded. 
 
 6. Mention some early catalogues which 
 were made of the sacred Scriptures in 
 which all our histories were included. 
 
 7. What are called the apocryphal 
 books of the New Testament ? 
 
 8. Mention some tests which these 
 cannot abide. 
 
 !• Mention the chief criteria of mira- 
 cles, and adduce instances of spurious 
 miracles which are proved by them to 
 be fallacious. 
 
 2. Define a miracle. 
 
 3. Shew their necessity to the proof 
 of revelation. 
 
32 EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 4. What are the chief objections fur- 
 nished against miracles by infidel writers? 
 
 5. How do the Neologians or Ratio- 
 nalists of Germany explode the evidence 
 derived from miracles ? 
 
 6. Briefly state the arguments which 
 may be brought to prove the truth of the 
 resurrection of Christ, and shew the de- 
 sign of that miracle. 
 
 7. What moderns have laid claim to 
 the power of working miracles ? 
 
 8. Give some account of their tentative 
 miracles. 
 
 9. What do you mean by the criterion 
 of ' false perception' as applied to an 
 alleged miracle ? 
 
 10. Shew that the miracles of Jesus 
 Christ cannot be resolved into mere cri- 
 tical coincidences. 
 
 11. What are the three alleged 
 miracles which Mr. Hume has selected 
 to confront those of the founders of 
 Christianity ? 
 
 12. Shew the fallacy of his objections 
 to Christian miracles, as arising from the 
 examination of these events. 
 
EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. 33 
 
 1 . If you were desirous of arguing with a 
 Jew in defence of Christianity, what points 
 would you choose to bring forward for 
 that purpose ? 
 
 2. How would you prove that there is 
 only one Messiah alluded to in the holy 
 Scriptures ? 
 
 3. State the argument from prophecy 
 as applied to a Jew. 
 
 4. What presumption to the truth of 
 Christianity is derived from his present 
 wandering and yet unmingUng condition ? 
 
 5. What is meant by the primary and 
 secondary sense of prophecy ? 
 
 6. Shew that many remarkable pro- 
 phecies of the Old Testament cannot 
 refer primarily to any person, or persons, 
 but Jesus Christ. 
 
 7. How does a Jew rebut the argument 
 derived from the fulfilment of prophecy ? 
 
 8. State the principal reasons upon 
 which the more intelhgent among them 
 cling to their ritual, and refuse to beheve 
 in Christianity. 
 
 9. Was this disbelief ever the subject 
 of prophecy ? 
 
 c3 
 
34 EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 10. Give some reasons why Christianity 
 has for so many ages been rejected by the 
 Jews. 
 
 1 1 . Do the Enghsh Jews in translating 
 the fifty- second and fifty-third chapters of 
 Isaiah make any considerable alterations 
 in sense from our authorized version ? 
 
 1. State the value of the general argu- 
 ment from prophecy. 
 
 2. Apply these principles to the pro- 
 phecies of Christ concerning Jerusalem, 
 and shew how remarkably these were 
 fulfilled. 
 
 1. What presumption is there for sup- 
 posing that the Pentateuch was written 
 by Moses ? 
 
 2. Does profane history bear testimony 
 to the fulfilment of prophecy ? Prove this, 
 by adducing instances. 
 
 3. What is meant by natural religion ? 
 
EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. 35 
 
 4. Who were the Rabbies, and of what 
 use are their writings in the evidence of 
 Christianity ? 
 
 5. Prove the authenticity and genuine- 
 ness of the Acts of the Apostles. 
 
 6. Shew that the Jewish objections 
 to the resurrection have not even the 
 semblance of probability. 
 
 7. Shew that excessive credulity and 
 excessive scepticism are nearly aUied, by 
 a reference to the stories here alluded to. 
 
 8. What is the nature of the argument 
 suggested by the analogy of nature in 
 reference to the evidence derived from 
 prophecy ? 
 
 9. What is the nature of probable 
 evidence ? 
 
 10. Why is probability only adapted 
 to finite inteUigences ? 
 
 11. Is there any analogy between the 
 moral and material world ? 
 
 12. What argument may be drawn from 
 the similarity between the course of nature 
 and the dispensations of Providence ? 
 
 13. Can revelation be compared with 
 our experience of natural events ? 
 
36 EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 14. Is there any thing in the consti- 
 tution and course of nature analogous 
 to the Christian doctrine of rewards and 
 punishments ? 
 
 15. Does external nature furnish any 
 presumption of the immortality of the 
 soul ? 
 
 16. State the prophecies which refer to 
 the sufferings of Christ, and shew in what 
 manner they were fulfilled. 
 
DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 1. Is baptism by a layman authorized 
 in the Church ? 
 
 2. Translate the following passage. 
 
 "O<roi av Treio'Qctia'i kol) 7n<rTs6a)<riv olXyiQyj tcwtoc to, 
 iff' Yiu^cov didat(rx,0[jt,svx x,oti Ksyoyi^svoL slvon, xoc) /Siouv 
 ovTvog ^6vot(T^oii vTrio-^VMvrui, sv^s(rQcil ts kou cthslv 
 vy]0-Ts6ovreg TraqoL roit 0soii rchv 7rgoYjfji,aprri[ji,evctiv 
 oi(p€(riv di^txCKOVTocr sttsitoc otyovToti 6^* ^jctoov, ev$oc 
 v^ctig IcTTi, xa* t^ottov ccvocysvvY}(rscti$, ov koc) Yjf^elg 
 avTo) otvsyevyY)$Yj[ji.sv, ocvaysvvMVTai, Just. Apol. 
 
 What questions is it quoted to decide? 
 
 3. What arguments for infant baptism 
 are to be drawn from the New Testa- 
 ment? 
 
 4. State distinctly the difference be- 
 tween the Church of England and the 
 Papists on the subject of infant baptism. 
 
 4. Examine the statements contained 
 in these passages. 
 
 Ta cru|M,/3oXa rov h(nroTiKOu <ra)[ji,oiTog re xal 
 ctliMLTOi oiWoc (Ji,sv eicri wgo rrji iegotriKYig iTTixA^trsaj^, 
 
38 DOCTRINES OF CHEISTIANITY. 
 
 jtjtfTa §e ys tyjv ETr/xXrjcrtv fj^sTot^&Weroti xcti eTsgoc 
 yivsTdi. Orth. — ^*AXX* owx olycslag h^la-Turui (fv- 
 (Tscjt);. Mevsi yoig stt) rrj^ Trgorsgocg ovo'lotg xou tov 
 <Ty(T]ix,oiTog KOLi tou sidovg, xca ogarot h(yTi x.oc) ocTrra, 
 oict Koc) TrgoTsgov yjV voeiTcti ^s ctTrsg sysvsro xa» 
 TrKTTgysTai xa) 7rgo<rKVviiTai cog IxsTva ovra obrsg 
 wKTTsosToci, Theodor. — Immortalitatis alimonia 
 datur, a communibus cibis difFerens, corporalis 
 substantias retinens speciem, sed virtutis di- 
 vinae invisibili efficientia probans adesse prae- 
 sentiam. Cypr, de Ccen, ii. 
 
 6. Prove the Divinity of our Lord 
 Jesus Christ. 
 
 7. What was the great dogma of the 
 Council of Nice ? 
 
 8. The nature of the Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 9. Prove that there can be only one 
 Church. 
 
 1. What are the two errors, to which, 
 according to our Article, a mistaken view 
 of predestination leads ? 
 
 2. V/hat is. there meant by predesti* 
 nation ? 
 
DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIANITY. 39 
 
 3. What are the rules iii reference to 
 swearing given to Christians ? 
 
 4. Where are these rules found ? 
 
 5. Is there any presumption for sup- 
 posing that the Gospel was preached to 
 the Ten Tribes ? 
 
 6. Why did the Sadducees and Pharisees 
 draw a distinction between the gold and 
 the temple, and the gift and the altar ? 
 
 7. What is meant by a Creed ? 
 
 8. What distinctive characteristics are 
 there in the Apostles' Creed, the Atha- 
 nasian, and the Nicene ? 
 
 9. Are these Creeds named according 
 to their true compilers ? 
 
 10. Define ** Faith," '' Regeneration," 
 *' Repentance," '* Conversion," and *' Jus- 
 tification.'^ 
 
 11. Prove from Scripture that faith 
 in the Holy Trinity is necessary to sal- 
 vation. 
 
 12. Illustrate by examples, that the 
 doctrine of the fore-knowledge of God is 
 not inconsistent with the belief in the 
 free-agency of man. State the doctrine 
 of the Church of England upon this 
 point. 
 
40 DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 13. Explainthe word Sacrament. Shew 
 that the Sacraments peculiar to the Church 
 of Rome are not authorized by holy Scrip- 
 ture. 
 
 14. What is the meaning and de- 
 rivation of the words '' Baptism" and 
 *' Eucharist?" 
 
 15. Prove that the two Sacraments of 
 the Church of England are generally ne- 
 cessary to salvation. 
 
 16. What do the Articles of the Church 
 of England maintain respecting the au- 
 thority of the Church and of General 
 Councils ? 
 
 17. What is the sin against the Holy 
 Ghost ? How do you reconcile our 
 Lord's declaration, *' that it shall not be 
 forgiven," with these words of St. John, 
 '' the blood of Jesus Christ cleanseth 
 from all sin?" 
 
 1. Examine the following passages ; 
 prove or disprove the statements con- 
 
DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIANITY. 41 
 
 tained in them ; and state the doctrines 
 with which they are connected. 
 
 Constituimus in primis, Evangelicum in- 
 strumentum Apostolos auctores habere, quibus 
 hoc munus Evangelii promulgandi ab ipso 
 domino sit impositum ; si et Apostohcos, non 
 tamen solos, sed cum Apostolis, et post Apo- 
 stolos ; quoniam praedicatio discipulorum sus- 
 pecta fieri posset de glorioe studio, si non as- 
 sistat illi auctoritas magistrorum, imo Christi, 
 quae magistros Apostolos fecit. Denique nobis 
 fidem ex Apostolis Johannes et Matthaeus 
 insinuant, ex Apostolicis Lucas et Marcus 
 instaurant. Licet et Marcus quod edidit, Petri 
 affirmetur, cujus interpres Marcus. TertuU. 
 adv. Marc, iv. % 5. 
 
 lAoL^KOS (Jt.CiSYjTr}S act) kgfJiYlVSVTYjg HsTpOU KCil 
 
 cLVTog Toi VTTO TlsTgov KyigvG'a'0[jLsycx, syyqcK^cjog Yjfjuv 
 TTotps^rjojcE. Ircnaeus adv. Haereses, iii. i. 1. 
 
 2. Prove from Scripture the divine 
 commission of the Apostle Paul. 
 
 3. Prove the divine origin of the Jewish 
 rehgion. 
 
 4. How would you establish the iden- 
 tity of the ancient and modern Jewish 
 Canon ? 
 
 5. Define Religion. 
 
 6. What is meant by the unwritten law? 
 
42 DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 7. Define Tradition. 
 
 8. What is the allegory contained in 
 Gal. iv. and what doctrines does it imply? 
 
 9. What are the differences between 
 Judaism and Christianity ? 
 
 10. What are the principal character- 
 istics of sound Scripture interpretation ? 
 
 11. What was the nature of the 
 yjx^lfffjija^rcx, of the Primitive Church ? 
 
 12. Prove that Philo did not borrow 
 from Plato in personifying the Kdyog. 
 
 13. What was the opinion of the Jews 
 concerning the Messiah ? 
 
 14. What was the doctrine of the Jews 
 concerning the name Jehovah ? 
 
 15. Prove that Jesus Christ declared 
 his divinity, by calling himself the I AM. 
 
 16. Prove, from the book of the Acts, 
 that the Apostles taught the divinity of 
 Christ. 
 
 1 7. The testimony of angels, that Christ 
 is the Son of God. 
 
 18. The testimony of devils, that Christ 
 is the Son of God. 
 
 19. Shew, by examples, the use of a 
 knowledge of Hebrew. 
 
DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIANITY. 43 
 
 1. *' The Holy Ghost, who proceedeth 
 from the Father and the Son." State 
 the controversies connected with this 
 Article of belief. 
 
 2. Explain the rg»/j'ay/ov. What doctrine 
 is it supposed to imply ? 
 
 3. What ismeant by the LimbusPatrum P 
 
 4. Explain the Romish doctrine of 
 Purgatory. 
 
 5. How is it refuted in Holy Scripture ? 
 
 6. What doctrines were held by the 
 ancient Colorbasians ? 
 
 7. What doctrines were held by Simon 
 Magus ? 
 
 8. What is meant by the Millenarian 
 scheme ? 
 
 9. Is this a doctrine of ancient date ? 
 
 10. What are the passages on which 
 the doctrine of Transubstantiation is made 
 to rest ? 
 
 11. How are the Romish Sacraments 
 to be distinguished from those of divine 
 institution ? 
 
 12. Analyse the argument contained 
 in the Gospel of St. John i. 
 
 13. Is there any word in the Old 
 Testament corresponding to the A0r02 ^ 
 
44 DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 14. What do you mean by the Eu* 
 charist, and why is it so called ? 
 
 15. What do you mean by a Sacra- 
 ment, and why is it so called ? 
 
 16. What are the principal arguments 
 upon which the truth of infant baptism, 
 considered as a doctrine, rests ? 
 
 1. Why is a Sacrament said to be 
 *' generally necessary to salvation?" 
 
 2. What is your view of the arguments 
 of geologists relative to the creation ? 
 
 3. The names of the pretended Popish 
 Sacraments, 
 
 4. How would you prove that the 
 Second Person of the Trinity presided 
 over the Patriarchal dispensation ? 
 
 5. Prove that the worship of heaven, 
 as far as it has been made known to us, 
 is the worship of the Trinity. 
 
 6. What is meant by Inspiration ? 
 
 7. Shew that plenary inspiration is 
 consistent with the full maintenance of 
 the peculiarities of style and thought, in 
 the individual who might be its subject. 
 
DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIA 
 
 8. How do the Neologists explain away 
 inspiration ? 
 
 9. What is the doctrine of the Church 
 respecting oaths ? 
 
 10. What opinions have been held con- 
 cerning the place to which our Lord 
 Jesus Christ ascended ? 
 
 11. Explain the terms ** propitiation/^ 
 '' atonement," " redemption," *' sacri- 
 fice,^^ '' mediation,^' ** daysman," and 
 '' intercession." 
 
 12. State the argument of the Semi- 
 Arians, against the divinity of our Lord 
 Jesus Christ. 
 
 13. State the nature of the question 
 between the Anti-paedo-Baptists and the 
 Church. 
 
 14. What are the theological differences 
 between the Particular Baptists and the 
 General Baptists ? 
 
 15. What is meant by the Rule of 
 Faith? 
 
 16. How is it determined? 
 
 1 7. Prove, from Scripture-passages, the 
 necessity of a revelation. 
 
 18. What is meant by the right of 
 private judgment ? 
 
46 DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 19. What were the doctrines of the 
 Eutychians ? 
 
 20. When did that sect arise ? 
 
 21. Who were the Agnoetae, and what 
 doctrines did they hold ? 
 
 22. Who were the Aphtharto-docetae, 
 and to what other heresy were they 
 opposed ? 
 
 23. Shew that the types of Christ 
 require that he should die. 
 
 24. Shew that the belief in the om- 
 nipotence of God is necessary to right 
 faith and right practice. 
 
 1. Explain the nature of the doctrine 
 of the Witness of the Spirit. 
 
 2. What is the meaning of the ex- 
 pression, '* sudden conversion?" Js it 
 a doctrine that ought to be taught ? 
 
 3. Quote passages of Scripture in proof 
 of the doctrine of original sin. 
 
 4. How is the resurrection of the human 
 body connected with the evidence of Chris- 
 tianity ? 
 
DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIANITY. 47 
 
 5. What types of baptism are found 
 in the Old Testament ? 
 
 6. Prove that the Commination Service 
 of the Church of England is in accord- 
 ance with the Scriptures. 
 
 7. Quote the Article on the Authority 
 of the Church, and prove that it is con- 
 sistent with holy Scripture. 
 
 8. What is the doctrine of the Church 
 on *' Speaking in the Congregation?" 
 
 9. Shew that the Three Orders are of 
 Apostolical authority. 
 
 1 . What are the chief points of contro- 
 versy between Christians and Mahomet- 
 ans ? , 
 
 2. What is the moral effect of Maho- 
 metanism ? 
 
 3. What are the chief characteristics 
 of Buddhism ? 
 
 4. Shew that the doctrine of an incar- 
 nation is not confined to the Christian 
 system. 
 
 5. What reasons are there for suppos- 
 ing that the pagan systems are all derived 
 from corrupted truth ? 
 
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, 
 DISCIPLINE, &c. 
 
 1 . What are the motives necessary to 
 the right discharge of the ministerial 
 functions ? 
 
 2. What is the general nature of eccle- 
 siastical law ? 
 
 3. What do you mean by the ' ' Rubric ;" 
 and how do you understand the expression 
 '* the Ordinary?'' 
 
 4. About what year was the Liturgy 
 first read in EngUsh ? 
 
 5. Explain the construction of an early 
 Christian church for reUgious worship. 
 What do you mean by vd^Qri^^ vestibulum, 
 chancel, vdog, as used to signify parts of 
 such a church ? 
 
 6. What was the iS^^c^a ? What the 
 ambo? 
 
 7. Why are ancient churches often 
 called Basilicce ? 
 
DISCIPLINE, &C. 49 
 
 8. What evidence do we possess con- 
 cerning the discipUne of the early Church, 
 derived from the shape and construction 
 of the places of worship ? 
 
 9. Where was the first church built in 
 England ? 
 
 10. Is this tradition founded on good 
 authority ? 
 
 11. Is there any analogy between the 
 form of an early Christian church and 
 the temple at Jerusalem ? 
 
 12. What was the '^govuog and what the 
 rgo^vXov of an early Christian place of 
 worship ? 
 
 13. Give a brief account of the Church 
 of Alexandria from the death of St. Mark 
 until the time of Arius. 
 
 14. What has been the fate of those 
 Churches which were infected with 
 Arianism ? 
 
 15. Who were the principal cham- 
 pions of Arianism during the fourth 
 century ? 
 
 16. Who was Eusebius of Nicomedia ? 
 Was there any other important character 
 in Church history bearing the same 
 name? 
 
 D 
 
50 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, 
 
 17. Mention some Arian Councils. 
 
 18. How would you account for the 
 use of Arianism ? 
 
 19. What effect had the writings of 
 Origen upon the formation of that he- 
 resy ? 
 
 20. What heresy immediately suc- 
 ceeded that of Arius ? 
 
 21 . What was the error of Eutyches ? 
 
 1. How do you distinguish between 
 the doctrine of transubstantiation as held 
 by the Romish Church, and the consub- 
 stantiation of the Lutherans ? 
 
 2. What great doctrines rest upon 
 tradition ? 
 
 3. Explain the expressions used in 
 theology " by congruity'' and '' hy condig- 
 nity,'' 
 
 4. What were the Apostolical Consti- 
 tions ? 
 
 5. Explain the expression, " pious 
 frauds." 
 
DISCIPLINE, &C. 51 
 
 6. Who have been the principal writers 
 in England in support of the Arminian 
 view of the XVIIth Article ? Who of the 
 Calvinistic ? 
 
 7. Who introduced Presbyterianism 
 into Scotland ? What is the present form 
 of government in the national Church of 
 Scotland ? Has it ever been interrupted ? 
 
 8. How is the Presbyterian form of 
 Church government distinguished from 
 that of Episcopacy ? 
 
 9. What do you mean by Independency? 
 Who introduced it into England ? 
 
 1 . Trace briefly the causes of the Re- 
 formation in England, from the time of 
 Henry V. to that of Henry VHI. 
 
 2. Shew the advantage of Church 
 Estabhshments. 
 
 3. What is meant by the '' Church 
 of England ?" 
 
 4. What effect has a pure Church 
 Establishment upon the purity and or- 
 thodoxy of the sects ? 
 
 d2 
 
52 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, 
 
 5. Distinguish between the compulsory 
 and voluntary systems, and shew the 
 comparative advantages of each. 
 
 1. An account of the Waldenses. 
 
 2. Explain the term '' Congregation- 
 alist/^ Is it exactly synonymous with 
 '' Independent?'' 
 
 - 3. Give an account of the institution 
 of the order of Deacons. 
 
 4. Who were the CaUxtines ? 
 
 5. What was the manner of worship 
 in the early Church ? 
 
 6. To what causes may be referred the 
 multiplication of ceremonies in the fifth 
 century ? 
 
 7. What were the chief divisions of the 
 Arian heresy ? 
 
 8. What was the nature of the heresy 
 of Photinus ? 
 
 9. The principal writers of the fourth 
 century. 
 
 10. Who was Lactantius? 
 
 11. Give an account of the Ten Per- 
 secutions. 
 
DISCIPLINE, &C. 53 
 
 12. What was the nature of Julian's 
 persecution ? 
 
 13. A short history of the rise of Mo- 
 nachism. 
 
 14. The state of Christianity in Ireland 
 during the sixth century. 
 
 15. What were love-feasts in the early 
 Church ? 
 
 16. When were they discontinued? 
 Why? 
 
 17. Have they ever been renewed in 
 modern times ? 
 
 18. To what heresies do the following 
 words refer, as applied to the union 
 of the two natures in Jesus Christ ? 
 
 §i(r7a)g. 
 
 19. When were they first used ? 
 
 1. To what heresy does the following 
 passage refer ? 
 
 ^Xiiv hog (roi(i^cc7ov J ovrog ^gKrrozTOvog 
 icTTi. Epist. ad Phil. 
 
54 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, 
 
 2. What are understood by Tithes ? 
 
 3. What are the statutes of Mortmain ? 
 
 1. A short life of Clemens Alex- 
 andrinus. 
 
 2. What bishop of Rome first at- 
 tempted to exercise authority over other 
 Churches ? 
 
 3. Mention some circumstances which 
 tended to increase that authority. 
 
 4. What effect had the rise of literature 
 on the Reformation ? 
 
 5. Who was Lord Cobham, and how 
 is he connected with the history of the 
 Church of England ? 
 
 6. What are meant by Nonjurors in 
 English ecclesiastical history ? 
 
 7. Give some account of the discipline 
 of the Church during the first century. 
 
 8. Had the Alexandrian Platonism a 
 favourable or unfavourable influence upon 
 early Christianity ? 
 
 9. Give an account of the Nestorians. 
 
 10. Can they, strictly speaking, be 
 called heretics ? 
 
DISCIPLINE, &C. 55 
 
 1 1 . To what sect did TertuUian lean ? 
 
 12. A short account of the Pelagian 
 heresy. Who was the champion against 
 this heresy ? 
 
 13. Quote those passages of Scripture 
 which are said to have been written in 
 special condemnation of the Gnostics. 
 
 14. What became of Gnosticism in the 
 end? 
 
 15. What effect had Gnosticism upon 
 the public mind in reference to Chris- 
 tianity ? 
 
 1 . State briefly the controversy between 
 Hooker and Travers. 
 
 2. Who wrote the '' Christian Letter" 
 against Hooker ? 
 
 3. Who were the principal defenders 
 of Episcopacy during the seventeenth 
 century ? 
 
 4. What is meant by the terms " Can- 
 terbury and Genfeva," as employed in an 
 ecclesiastical sense and injuxta-position? 
 What was the origin of this application ? 
 
56 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, 
 
 5. What effect had the Great Rebellion, 
 and the Interregnum which followed, upon 
 the religious character of the English ? 
 
 6. Whowere the Non-conformists, and 
 why were they so called ? 
 
 1. Who was the first heretic that 
 denied the divinity of Jesus Christ ? 
 
 2. The principal sects of Gnostics. 
 
 3. The date of the great Council of 
 Nice. 
 
 4. The object of that Council. 
 
 5. What facts bearing upon the question 
 of the Pope^s supremacy, are to be derived 
 from that Council ? 
 
 6. What language was spoken by the 
 Jews at the time of our Saviour's advent ? 
 
 7. An account of the Apollinarians. 
 
 8. An account of the Donatists and 
 Novatianists. 
 
 9. Are any of the ancient heresies 
 repeated in modern times under new 
 names ? 
 
 10. State some of them. 
 
 1 1 . Who were the original Anabaptists, 
 and when did they take their rise ? 
 
DISCIPLINE, &C. 57 
 
 12. Give an account of the contests 
 concerning Easter in the early Christian 
 Church. 
 
 13. Did the Church of England origin- 
 ally practise the Eastern or Western 
 method of keeping Easter ? 
 
 14. What were the chief causes which 
 led to the separation of the Eastern and 
 Western Churches ? 
 
 15. Who were the Iconoclasts ? 
 
 16. A short history of the Reformation 
 in Scotland. 
 
 1. A short account of Socinus, and the 
 doctrines which he promulgated. 
 
 2. The character of Origen and of his 
 theology. 
 
 3. Why was Episcopacy preserved in 
 England, and lost in the foreign reformed 
 Churches at the Reformation ? 
 
 1. Were any synods or councils held 
 by the Jews, before the coming of Jesus 
 Christ ? 
 
 d3 
 
58 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, 
 
 2. Give an account of the seven Coun- 
 cils strictly called Apostolic. 
 
 3. Has the Church scriptural authority 
 for all of these ? 
 
 4. Explain the nature of the Twelve- 
 fold Apostolate, and prove that the office 
 was not intended to be continuous. What 
 sect will your remarks confute ? 
 
 5. How many General Councils have 
 there been in the Church ? 
 
 6. Is any authority to be given to the 
 Council of Trent ? 
 
 7. Give a concise history of that 
 Council. An account of the " Lambeth 
 Articles." 
 
 8. An account of the Assembly of 
 Divines at Westminster. 
 
 1. Give an account of the Council of 
 Constance. 
 
 2. A short Life of Hooker. 
 
 3. Why has Calvinism so often been 
 called *' the Genevese system?" 
 
 4. What do you mean by the Geneva 
 Platform ? 
 
DISCIPLINE, &C. 59 
 
 5. What eiFect had the exile of the 
 Protestant divines in the reign of the 
 bloody Mary, upon the discipline of the 
 Church? 
 
 6. How do you account for the adop- 
 tion of the theological system, afterwards 
 called '' Calvinism," by the early re- 
 formers ? 
 
 7. Who was Thomas Aquinas? Give 
 some account of the Schoolmen. 
 
 8. Prove that the Church of England 
 has been a Protestant Church from the 
 earliest times. 
 
 9. Mention the most celebrated theo- 
 logians of the sixteenth century. 
 
 10. Trace the fate of Wycliffe's doc- 
 trines on the continent. 
 
 11. Explain the nature of *' Queen 
 Anne's Bounty." 
 
 12. When was the statute of prcemunire 
 passed ? 
 
 13. Why? 
 
 14. A short account of the Council of 
 Cloveshoo, or Cliff. 
 
 15. Prove that there has been an unin- 
 terrupted succession of English Bishops 
 from the earliest times. 
 
60 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, &C. 
 
 16. How would you connect Episcopacy 
 in England with the Apostles ? 
 
 17. What probability is there that St. 
 Paul visited England ? 
 
 18. Give some account of the early 
 British Church, anterior to the arrival of 
 Augustine. 
 
 19. An account of the Synod of Dort. 
 
 20. In what respects does the Greek 
 Church differ from the Roman ? 
 
 21. What effect had the Crusades upon 
 the Christian Church ? 
 
 22. Mention the chief Monastic Orders 
 in the Romish Church. 
 
 23. What is meant by the Seculars? 
 
 24. What by the Regulars ? 
 
 25. Distinguish between Monks and 
 Friars. 
 
 26. An account of the Templars, and 
 the Order of St. Benedict. 
 
 27. Who established the Inquisition ? 
 
MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 
 
 Translate the following passage, and 
 state to what modern sect it is applicable. 
 
 " Primis temporibus cadebat super credentes 
 Spiritus Sanctus, et loquebantur Unguis quas 
 non didicerant, quomodo Spiritus dabat eis 
 pronuntiare. Signa erant tempori opportuna. 
 Oportebat enim ita significari in omnibus Unguis 
 Spiritum Sanctum, quia evangelium Dei per 
 omnes linguas cursurum erat toto orbe terrarum. 
 Significatum est illud et transiit/' Aug. in £v. 
 Jo. c. iv. 
 
 Theological Essay. 
 
 " Omnes hasretici perversa credentes, paneni 
 de coelo descendentem comedere non possunt : 
 sed obstupescunt dentes eorum, non ciborum 
 austeritate, sed vitiis dentium."" Hieronym. 
 
62 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 
 
 Theological Essay. 
 
 *' In quo non est peccatura, ipse venit 
 auferre peccatum." 
 
 Translate the following. 
 
 — Kou slg Evcc Kvgiov *I>j(70uv Xgio-rov tov Tlov tou 
 0£oD TOV jU,ovoy£vy), tov sk tov TlciTgog ysvvrjUvTu Trgo 
 itoLVTcav rcjov alcjovaov' (fcti$ sk (pooTog, 0£ov a\Yj$tvov sk 
 
 QsOV OCXyjQiVOV' ySWYjUvTU^ 06 TTOiYlUvTa, 6[Jl.OOV(nOV TCO 
 
 IlaT^i, §*' ov TO. TTuvTot syhsTO' TOV Si' rif/'Oig Tovg 
 ocv$ga)7rovg, xoci li YjfjLETsgoLV (rcoTYipluv koltsK^ovtol Ix 
 Toiv ouga.vu)V, xu) (rctpKCtiQsvTa Sia Uve6[Ji.ciTog dylov sx 
 Motgiug Trig UotgUvov^ kcc) svotvQgctiTrYjO'ciVTci. 
 
 Explain the word X^icrro^, 
 
 How^ was the word ocim misapplied by 
 the Gnostics ? 
 
 What word would the Arians substi- 
 tude for cf^oovariov ? 
 
 What word the Socinians ? 
 
 What Council decided that the word 
 of^oovcTiov should be used ? In what year ? 
 
 What is the antecedent to 5/ ov ru 
 ^rapra^ &c ? 
 
MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 63 
 
 Put the following Psalm into the rhyth- 
 mical form. 
 
 Tou Kvglov y} y^ kou to TrKYjgoifjLX ctvTYig, y} olxow/^evrj 
 
 XCU TTUVTSg Ol XUTOlKOVVTSg SV OLVTYi. 
 
 XuTog liri SaAacrcrcov 6Qsi/.s\lco(rsv cwtyjv^ koc) stt) 
 
 7rQTUlU(hv Y}TolfJl,CC<rSV OtVTYjV^ 
 
 Tig ava/3^(r£Tai elg to ogog tou K.vgiov, ku) tic 
 (TTY\(TBTai SV TOTTOQ dylo) ocvTOv ; 
 
 'AQctiog xe^O"t xat xa^agog tyJ xocg^lcc' og ovx, eXa/Sev 
 
 STTi [/.OtTuloT TYjV ^V^YJV UVTOU^ KCc) OVK (JO[JLO(rsV STt) doXoO 
 
 TOO TrKridlov uvTO^t. 
 
 Oi)Tog A^vJ/srai evXoylav TrctgoL Kvglou, koc) IA£>j/x.o- 
 (TVVYIV TTotga. 0£OD (TooTYigog olvtov. 
 
 AvTrj Yj ySVSOi X^T0{)VTOiV TOV Ku^iOV, X^TOmTtAV TO 
 
 Trgoa-cjoTTOv tov ©sou 'Iaxci/3. 
 
 "KgoLTs TrvXotg ol ag^ovTsg vfj^ciov^ xa) STTugSriTs ttvXui 
 ulwviov, xa) slcrsXs6(r£T0(,i 6 ficc(ri\£vg TY^g ^o^Yjg. 
 
 Tig IcTTiV oitTog 6 /SacnXs^^ r^j ^of>l?; K.vgiog xga- 
 TOLiog xoLi IvvoLTog^ Ku^ioj '^vvoLTog hv 'n'0?\,f.[jicp, 
 
 Agars 'nuXag ol a,g^ovTsg v[j,u)Vy xou liroLg^r^Ts ttCXoli 
 aloovioi, xot) si<7sXey(75Ta* o ^oLcriXsvg TY^g do^Yjg. 
 
 Tig l(TTiv o\)Tog ^(X(riXsvg t% Sof>j? ; K.6giog toov 
 Suvajxscov, avTog Icrriv ovTog 6 PoL(n\sbg TYig ^o^Yjg. 
 
 Psalm xxiv. 
 
64 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 
 
 Translate and explain the following 
 passages. 
 
 *0 Se elTrev, *TjxTv ds^oron yvcovcti rot fx^vo'TYjpa tyj^ 
 ^a,cri\elag tov Q>sov^ toI$ Ss XoiTTolg h 7ra^a/3oXa7^, 'Ivol 
 ^XeTTOvreg fjurj /SXsTrcocr*, xal uKOvovreg ju,^ (TWiuxriv. 
 Luke viii. 9, 10. 
 
 Kat Idoi) oivdgsg dvo (TuvsXolXovv ocvtm, oUriveg Yjcav 
 M-CJOCYig xa) *llklug' o^i 6(pUvT£C kv §o0>3, eXsyov tyjv 
 
 Luke ix. 30, 81. 
 
 Ei yoig (rvi/.^VTOi ysyovocfLsv ra oi^oiMfj^ccn tov 
 SavoTOw ocvTOOy aWoL xa) T>j^ avaffracrscoj ecOjas^a, 
 TouTO yivcocxovrej, or* 6 TraAaio^ r/jU,a;v uvSgconog (rvv- 
 sa'TocvgdiQYi^ ^Iva KUTocgyr}$YJ to (rcoii.o(. Trig dfji^ugTloLg, tov 
 ]u,>]X5rt dovKcVsiv rjfxoig r^ ajota^r/a* 6 ya^ aTro^avwv 
 SsSixaiWai aTTo r^j oifji^ctgTlag. Rom. vi. 5, 6, 7. 
 
 Translate the following passage. 
 
 'EyevsTO Se sv (Tol^^utoq dsvTegoTrgoiTCti ^lotTTogevsaSui 
 OLVTQV Sia Tcwv a'7rogi[/,(tiV' kou WiWov ol [j.oc$yitol) uvtov 
 robg (TTU^uug, kol) t^ctQiov, ^M^ovTEg ToCig %s^o"/* rtvE^ 
 §6 Toov (pagKroiloiv eIttov avTolg^ T/ ttoisIts o ovx s^e(rTi 
 xoisiv Iv To7; (TaSlSua-i; kol) ocTrojcgiSsig Trgog avTOvg 
 sItsv 6 *I>j(royf5 OwSe toDto avlyvcore o eTro/rjcrg Aa/3i§, 
 OTToVs eirsivuG-ev avTog xai ol joter* avroO ovrsg; tog 
 6\<rY\\isv elg tov oTxov toS 0£Ou, xa) rou; ugTOvg TYjg 
 
MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 65 
 
 TrgoQsasoog IXa/Se, xa* efotySf xa) sdcoKS ku) toIs jU'ET 
 ccuTov, otig ovx, e^scrn (potyelv el jx^ [xovovg rovg Isgelg ; 
 xa) sKsyev otvTolg, "On Kvgiog earriv 6 vlog tov Mgoi- 
 frov xot) TOV (Tu^^oLTOv. Luke vi. 1 — 5. 
 
 1 . What doctrines are deducible from 
 this passage ? 
 
 2. Explain the phrase crufS^ocTM hvrigo- 
 
 3. To what circumstances of David's 
 life does our Lord refer ? 
 
 O the depth of the riches, 
 
 Both of the wisdom and of the knowledge 
 
 of God ! 
 How unsearchable are his judgments ! 
 And his ways past finding out ! 
 For who hath known the mind of the Lord? 
 Or who hath been his counsellor ? 
 Or who hath first given to him ? 
 And it shall be recompensed to him again. 
 For from Him, and by Him, and to Him 
 
 are all things. 
 To Him be the glory for ever ! 
 
 St. Paul. 
 
 Can this passage be reduced to the 
 rhythmical parallehsm ? 
 
66 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 
 
 What is the diflference between the 
 paralleUsm of the three following pas- 
 sages ? 
 
 In whose eyes a vile person is contemned, 
 
 But he that feareth the Lord, honoured ; 
 Who swears to the wicked and breaks not his 
 oath. 
 
 Psalm xix. 4. 
 
 He that putteth not out his money to usury. 
 And taketh not a bribe against the in- 
 nocent ; 
 He that doeth these things shall never be 
 moved. 
 
 Psalm XV. 5. 
 
 Thy righteousness is like the great mountains, 
 
 Thy judgments like a great deep ; 
 Thou preservest man and beast, O Lord. 
 
 Psalm xxxvi, 7. 
 
 Examine the positions contained in the 
 following document. 
 
 " De libero arbitrio docent, quod humana 
 voluntas habeat aliquam libertatem ad efficien- 
 dam civilem justitiam, et diligendas res rationi 
 subjectas, sed non habet vim sine Spirit u Sancto 
 
MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 67 
 
 efficiendae justitiae Dei, seu justitiae spiritualis : 
 quia animalis homo non percipit ea quae sunt 
 Spiritus Dei: sed haec fit in cordibus, cum per 
 Verbum Spiritus Sanctus concipitur. Haec tot- 
 idem verbis dicit Augustinus libro tertio Hypo- 
 gnosticon. Esse fatemur liber um arbitrium 
 omnibus hominibus, habens quidem judicium 
 rationis, non per quod sit idoneum in iis quae 
 ad Deum pertinent, sine Deo aut inchoare aut 
 certe peragere, sed tantum in operibus vitae 
 praesentis, tarn bonis, quam etiam malis. Bonis 
 dico, quae de bono naturae orirentur, id est, 
 velle laborare in agro ; velle manducare et 
 bibere ; velle habere amicum ; velle habere 
 indumenta ; velle fabricare domum ; uxorem 
 velle ducere ; pecora nutrire ; artem discere 
 diversarum rerum bonarum ; velle quicquid 
 bonum ad praesentem pertinet vitam. Quae 
 omnia non sine Divino gubernaculo subsistunt, 
 imo ex ipso et per ipsum sunt, et essecaeperunt. 
 Malis vero dico, ut est, velle idolum colere, 
 velle homicidium, &c. 
 
 Damnant Pelagianos et aliojs qui docent, 
 quod sine Spiritu Sancto, solis naturae viribus 
 possimus Deum super omnia diligere, item 
 praecepta Dei facere, quoad substantiam actorum. 
 Quanquam enim externa opera aliquo modo 
 efficere natura possit : potest enim continere 
 manus a furto, a caede ; tamen interiores motus 
 non potest efficere, ut timorem Dei, fiduciam 
 
68 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 
 
 erga Deurn, castitatem, patientiam, &c. Con- 
 fessio Fidei Augustana, Art. xviii. [Grotii Op. 
 fol. vol. iv. Lond. Pitt. 1679.] 
 
 VERSIONS OF THE BIBLE, &C. 
 
 1 . Give a brief accouQt of the Septua- 
 gint version of the Bible. 
 
 2. Who compiled the Vulgate ? 
 
 3. From what Versions already in ex- 
 istence ? 
 
 4. Give an account of the Hexapla of 
 Origen. 
 
 5. What do you mean by the Sixtine 
 Vulgate ? 
 
 6. What learned men were engaged in 
 this revision ? 
 
 7. Which is the authorized Version of 
 the Romish Church ? 
 
 8. What are the Jewish Talmuds ? 
 
 9. Give an account of the Massorah, 
 and of the Mishnah. 
 
 10. Mention some of the principal 
 Jewish writers in early times. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 69 
 
 1 1 . Which is the more celebrated work, 
 the Talmud of Jerusalem, or that of Ba- 
 bylon ? 
 
 12. What is the literary character of 
 the Vulgate translation ? 
 
 13. Give a short account of the prin- 
 cipal English translations of the Bible. 
 
 14. What circumstances gave rise to 
 our present Version ? 
 
 15. Who were the principal persons 
 employed in its formation ? 
 
 16. Was the canon of the Alexandrian 
 Jews, in early times, the same as that of 
 the Jews in Palestine ? 
 
 LITURGIES, &c. 
 
 1 . What is meant by the Sursum Cor da ? 
 
 2. Shew that the Church of England 
 has not departed from the practice of the 
 early Church in the administration of her 
 Sacraments. 
 
 3. The derivation of the words church^^ 
 chancel, surplice^ collect^ lesson^ liturgy, 
 bishop J absolution. 
 
70 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 
 
 4. Explain the offices of sub-deacon, 
 acolyth, and exorcist, 
 
 5. What is the nature and design of 
 Confirmation ? 
 
 6. What are the Rogation days ? 
 
 7. Why are they so called ? 
 
 8. What are the Ember days ? 
 
 9. Explain what is meant by the Domi- 
 nical letters. 
 
 10. What do you mean by Common 
 Prayer, Offertory, Clergy, Mass, Breviary, 
 and Horce, in hturgical works ? 
 
 11. What objections have been urged 
 against " The Churching of Women," and 
 how are they refuted ? 
 
 12. What is meant by the term " Ordi- 
 nation P" 
 
 13. Are the clergy, properly speaking, 
 a Priesthood P 
 
 14. What is the signification of this 
 wo»d? 
 
 15. Define the word Presbyter, 
 
 1 . Who framed the English Liturgy ? 
 
 2. Who composed the '' Te Deum ?" 
 
MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 71 
 
 3. Give a short history of the Apostles' 
 Creed. 
 
 4. What do you mean by the Liturgy ? 
 
 5. Explain the meaning of the word 
 Litany. 
 
 6. What reformers objected to the use 
 of our present ecclesiastical dresses ? 
 
 7. Who are the principal writers on 
 the English Liturgy ? 
 
 8. What argument do we derive from 
 our Communion Service, in defence of our 
 Church •? 
 
 9. Who wrote the General Thanks- 
 giving ? 
 
 10. When was the Liturgy first read 
 in English ? 
 
 11. Who compiled the Alexandrian 
 Liturgy ? 
 
 12. What Saints'-Days are retained 
 in the Reformed Church of England ? 
 
 13. What principle was pursued by the 
 Reformers in selecting the Saints'-Days ? 
 
 14. Who framed the Service on the 
 Martyrdom of Charles the First ? 
 
 15. What objections are made by 
 Separatists to the Service for the Visita- 
 tion of the Sick ? 
 
72 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 
 
 16. How are these objections met ? 
 
 17. How might discipline be restored 
 to the Church ? 
 
 18. Is the maintenance of sound dis- 
 cipline compatible with the interference 
 of a secular government in the manage- 
 ment of the Church ? 
 
 19. What writers have formed the 
 principal metrical Versions of the Psalms 
 in Enghsh ? 
 
 20. State the comparative merit of 
 these Versions. 
 
 21. Mention instances of obsolete forms 
 of expression in the Book of Common 
 Prayer, and state the manner in which 
 you would explain them. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Translate the following passages into 
 Latin. 
 
 The Son, which is the Word of the Father, 
 begotten from everlasting of the Father, the 
 very and eternal God, and of one substance 
 with the Father, took Man's nature in the 
 womb of the blessed Virgin, of her substance : 
 so that two whole and perfect Natures, that is 
 to say, the Godhead and Manhood, were joined 
 together in one Person, never to be divided, 
 whereof is one Christ, very God, and very 
 Man; who truly suffered, was crucified, dead 
 and buried, to reconcile his Father to us, and to 
 be a sacrifice, not only for original guilt, but 
 also for actual sins of men. Art, II. 
 
 We are accounted righteous before God, only 
 for the merit of our Lord and Saviour Jesus 
 Christ by Faith, and not for our own works 
 or deservings: Wherefore, that we are justified 
 by Faith only is a most wholesome Doctrine, and 
 very full of comfort, as more largely is ex- 
 pressed in the Homily of Justification. Art. XI. 
 
74 APPENDIX. 
 
 Voluntary Works besides, over and above, 
 God's Commandments, which they call Works 
 of Supererogation, cannot be taught without 
 arrogancy and impiety : for by them men do 
 declare, that they do not only render unto God 
 as much as they are bound to do, but that they 
 do more for his sake, than of bounden duty is 
 required: whereas Christ saith plainly, When 
 ye have done all that are commanded to you, 
 say, We are unprofitable servants* Art. XIV. 
 
 Predestination to Life is the everlasting 
 purpose of God, whereby (before the founda- 
 tions of the world were laid) he hath constantly 
 decreed by his counsel secret to us, to deliver 
 from curse and damnation those whom he hath 
 chosen in Christ out of mankind, and to bring 
 them by Christ to everlasting salvation, as 
 vessels made to honour. Wherefore, they 
 which be endued with so excellent a benefit of 
 God be called according to God's purpose by 
 his Spirit working in due season : they through 
 Grace obey the calling : they be justified freely: 
 they be made sons of God by adoption: they 
 be made like the image of his only-begotten 
 Son Jesus Christ : they walk religiously in 
 good works, and at length, by God's mercy, 
 they attain to everlasting felicity. 
 
 As the godly consideration of Predestination, 
 and our Election in Christ, is full of sweet, 
 pleasant, and unspeakable comfort to Godly 
 
APPENDIX. 75 
 
 persons, and such as feel in themselves the 
 working of the Spirit of Christ, mortifying the 
 works of the flesh, and their earthly members, 
 and drawing up their mind to high and hea- 
 venly things, as well because it doth greatly 
 establish and confirm their faith of eternal 
 Salvation to be enjoyed through Christ, as 
 because it doth fervently kindle their love 
 towards God : So, for curious and carnal persons, 
 lacking the Spirit of Christ, to have continually 
 before their eyes the sentence of God's Predes- 
 tination, is a most dangerous downfall, whereby 
 the Devil doth thrust them either into despera- 
 tion, or into wretchlessness of most uncleaii 
 living, no less perilous than desperation. 
 
 Furthermore, we must receive God''s promises 
 in such wise, as they be generally set forth to 
 us in holy Scripture: and, in our doings, that 
 Will of God is to be followed, which we have 
 expressly declared unto us in the Word of God. 
 Art XVII. 
 
 Dearly beloved in the Lord, ye that mind to 
 come to the holy Communion of the Body and 
 Blood of our Saviour Christ, must consider how 
 Saint Paul exhorteth all persons diligently to 
 try and examine themselves, before they presume 
 to eat of that Bread, and drink of that Cup. 
 For as the benefit is great, if with a true 
 penitent heart and lively faith we receive that 
 holy Sacrament ; (for then we spiritually eat the 
 E 2 
 
76 APPENDIX. 
 
 flesh of Christ, and drink his blood; then we 
 dwell in Christ, and Christ in us; we are one with 
 Christ, and Christ with us ; ) so is the danger great, 
 if we receive the same unworthil}^ For then we 
 are guilty of the Body and Blood of Christ our 
 Saviour; we eat and drink our own damnation, 
 not considering the Lord's Body; we kindle 
 God's wrath against us; we provoke him to 
 plague us with divers diseases, and sundry 
 kinds of death. Judge therefore yourselves, 
 brethren, that ye be not judged of the Lord ; 
 repent you truly for your sins past; have a 
 lively and stedfast faith in Christ our Saviour ; 
 amend your lives, and be in perfect charity 
 with all men ; so shall ye be meet partakers of 
 those holy mysteries. And above all things ye 
 must give most humble and hearty thanks to 
 God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, 
 for the redemption of the world by the death 
 and passion of our Saviour Christ, both God 
 and man ; who did humble himself, even to 
 the death upon the Cross, for us, miserable 
 sinners, who lay in darkness and the shadow of 
 death ; that he might make us the children of 
 God, and exalt us to everlasting life. And to 
 the end that we should alway remember the 
 exceeding great love of our Master, and only 
 Saviour, Jesus Christ, thus dying for us, and 
 the innumerable benefits which by his precious 
 blood-shedding he hath obtained to us ; he 
 hath instituted and ordained holy mysteries, as 
 
APPENDIX. 77 
 
 pledges of his love, and for a continual remem- 
 brance of his death, to our great and endless 
 comfort. To Him therefore, with the Father 
 and the Holy Ghost, let us give (as we are 
 most bounden) continual thanks; submitting 
 ourselves wholly to his holy will and pleasure, 
 and studying to serve Him in true holiness and 
 righteousness all the days of our life. Amen, 
 
 Whosoever will be saved, before all things 
 it is necessary that he hold the Catholick 
 Faith. Which Faith except every one do keep 
 whole and undefiled, without doubt he shall 
 perish everlastingly. And the Catholick Faith 
 is this. That we worship one God in Trinity, 
 and Trinity in Unity ; neither confounding the 
 Persons, nor dividing the Substance. For there 
 is one Person of the Father, another of the Son, 
 and another of the Holy Ghost. But the God- 
 head of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy 
 Ghost, is all one, the Glory equal, the Majesty 
 co-eternal. Such as the Father is, such is the 
 Son, and such is the Holy Ghost. The Father 
 uncreate, the Son uncreate, and the Holy Ghost 
 uncreate. The Father incomprehensible, the 
 Son incomprehensible, and the Holy Ghost 
 incomprehensible. The Father eternal, the Son 
 eternal, and the Holy Ghost eternal. And yet 
 they are not three eternals, but one eternal. 
 As also there are not three incomprehensibles, 
 nor three uncreated, but one uncreated, and 
 one incomprehensible. Athan. Creed, 
 
78 APPENDIX. 
 
 Almighty God, the Father of our Lord 
 Jesus Christ, who desireth not the death of a 
 sinner, but rather that he may turn from his 
 wickedness, and live ; and hath given power, 
 and commandment to his Ministers, to declare 
 and pronounce to his people, being penitent, 
 the Absolution and Remission of their sins; 
 He pardoneth and absolveth all them that 
 truly repent, and unfeignedly beUeve his holy 
 Gospel. Wherefore let us beseech him to grant 
 us true repentance, and his holy Spirit, that 
 those things may please him, which we do at 
 this present ; and that the rest of our life 
 hereafter may be pure and holy ; so that at 
 the last we may come to his eternal joy ; 
 through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. 
 
 Seeing we have mentioned happiness, or the 
 summum honum, the utmost scope of human 
 desire, we do add, that piety doth surely confer 
 it. Happiness, whatever it be, hath certainly 
 an essential coherence with piety. These are 
 reciprocal propositions, both of them infallibly 
 true, He that is pious is happy ; and, He that 
 is happy is pious. No man doth undertake or 
 prosecute any thing, which he doth not appre- 
 hend in some order or degree conducing to 
 that which all men under a confused notion 
 regard and tend to, which they call happiness, 
 the highest good, the chiefest desirable thing. 
 But in their judgments about this thing, or the 
 
APPENDIX. 79 
 
 nieans of attaining it, as men dissent much; 
 so of necessity most of them must be mistaken. 
 Most, indeed, do aim and shoot at a mere 
 shadow of profit, or at that which is very little 
 considerable, and in comparison nothing at all; 
 which little conduceth to the perfection of their 
 nature, or the satisfaction of their desire. If 
 they miss the mark, they are disappointed ; 
 if they hit it, they are no less, and in effect 
 hit nothing. But whatever this grand matter is, 
 in whatever it consisteth, however it be pro- 
 cured ; be it the possession and fruition of 
 some special choice goods, or an aggregation 
 and affluence of all goods ; piety surely is the 
 main ingredient and principal cause thereof. 
 All other goods without it are insignificant 
 and unuseful thereto ; and it cannot be want- 
 ing, where piety is. Barrow's Sermons^ vol. i. 
 serm. iii. p. 54, 65. 
 
 And first for its noblest faculty, the under- 
 standing : it was then subHme, clear, and 
 aspiring, and, as it were, the soul's upper 
 region, lofty and serene, free from the vapours 
 and disturbances of the inferior affections. It 
 was the leading, controlling faculty ; all the 
 passions wore the colours of reason ; it did 
 not so much persuade, as command ; it was 
 not consul, but dictator. Discourse was then 
 almost as quick as intuition; it was nimble in 
 proposing, firm in concluding; it could sooner 
 
80 APPENDIX. 
 
 determine than now it can dispute. Like the 
 sun, it had both Hght and agility ; it knew no 
 rest, but in motion; no quiet, but in activity. 
 It did not so properly apprehend, as irradiate 
 the object ; not so much find, as make things 
 intelHgible. It did arbitrate upon the Several 
 reports of sense, and all the varieties of ima- 
 gination ; not like a drowsy judge, only hearing, 
 but also directing their verdict. In sum, it 
 was vegete, quick, and lively ; open as the day, 
 untainted as the morning, full of the innocence 
 and sprightliness of youth; it gave the soul a 
 bright and a full view into all things ; and was 
 not only a window, but itself the prospect. 
 SoutKs Sermons, vol. i. p. 35. 
 
 Adam came into the world a philosopher, 
 which sufficiently appeared by his writing the 
 nature of things upon their names ; he could 
 view essences in themselves, and read forms with- 
 out the comment of their respective properties: he 
 could see consequents yet dormant in their prin- 
 ciples, and effects yet unborn, and in the womb 
 of their causes : his understanding could almost 
 pierce into future contingents, his conjectures 
 improving even to prophecy, or the certainties 
 of prediction ; till his fall, it was ignorant of 
 nothing but of sin ; or at least it rested in the 
 notion, without the smart of the experiment. 
 Could any difficulty have been proposed, the 
 resolution would have been as early as the 
 
APPENDIX. 81 
 
 proposal ; it could nothave had time to settle into 
 doubt. Like a better Archimedes, the issue of 
 all his inquiries was an svgYi^oc, an sS^yjxa, the 
 offspring of his brain without the sweat of his 
 brow. Study was not then a duty, night- 
 watchings were needless ; the light of reason 
 wanted not the assistance of a candle. This 
 is the doom of fallen man, to labour in the fire, 
 to seek truth in pro/undo, to exhaust his time 
 and impair his health, and perhaps to spin out 
 his days, and himself, into one pitiful, contro- 
 verted conclusion. There was then no poring, 
 no struggling with memory, no straining for 
 invention : his faculties were quick and ex- 
 pedite ; they answered without knocking, they 
 were ready upon the first summons, there was 
 freedom and firmness in all their operations. 
 I confess, it is difficult for us, who date our 
 ignorance from our first being, and were still 
 bred up with the same infirmities about us 
 with which we were born, to raise our thoughts 
 and imagination to those intellectual perfections 
 that attended our nature in the time of in- 
 nocence ; as it is for a peasant bred up in 
 the obscurities of a cottage, to fancy in his 
 mind the unseen splendors of a court. But by 
 rating positives by their privatives, and other 
 arts of reason, by which discourse supplies the 
 want of the reports of sense, we may collect the 
 excellency of the understanding then, by the 
 glorious remainders of it now, and guess at the 
 
82 APPENDIX. 
 
 stateliness of the building, by the magnificence 
 of its ruins. Ibid, p. 87, 38. 
 
 Those that suspend the purposes of God, 
 and the resolves of an eternal mind upon the 
 actions of the creature, and make God first 
 wait and expect what the creature will do, 
 (and then frame his decrees and counsels ac- 
 cordingly,) forget that he is the first cause of 
 all things, and discourse most unphilosophi- 
 cally, absurdly, and unsuitably to the nature of 
 an infinite Being; whose influence in every 
 motion must set the first wheel a going. 
 He must still be the first agent, and what 
 he does he must will and intend to do before 
 he does it, and what he wills and intends once, 
 he willed and intended from all eternity ; it 
 being grossly contrary to the very first notions 
 we have of the infinite perfection of the divine 
 nature, to state or suppose any new immanent 
 act in God. Ibid. p. 207. 
 
 Touching musical harmony, whether by in- 
 strument or by voice, it being but of high and 
 low in sounds a due proportionable disposition, 
 such, notwithstanding, is the force thereof, and 
 so pleasing effects it hath, in that very part of 
 man which is most divine, that some have been 
 thereby induced to think that the soul itself by 
 nature is, or hath in it, harmony : a thing which 
 delighteth all ages, and beseemeth all states; a 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 thing as seasonable in grief as in joy; as decent 
 being added unto actions of greatest weight 
 and solemnity, as being used when men most 
 sequester themselves from action. The reason 
 hereof is an admirable facility which Music 
 hath to express and represent to the mind, 
 more inwardly than any other sensible mean, 
 the very standing, rising, and falling, the very 
 steps and inflections every way, the turns and 
 varieties of all passions whereunto the mind is 
 subject ; yea, so to imitate them, that, whether 
 it resemble unto us the same state wherein our 
 minds already are, or a clean contrary, we are 
 not more contentedly by the one confirmed, 
 than changed and led away by the other. In 
 harmony the very image and character even of 
 virtue and vice is perceived, the mind delighted 
 with their resemblances, and brought by having 
 them often iterated into a love of the things 
 
 o 
 
 themselves. For which cause there is nothing 
 more contagious and pestilent than some kinds 
 of harmony ; than some, nothing more strong 
 and potent unto good. And that there is such 
 a difference of one kind from another^ we need 
 no proof but our own experience, inasmuch as 
 we are at the hearing of some more inclined 
 unto sorrow and heaviness, of some more molli- 
 fied and softened in mind ; one kind apter to 
 stay and settle us, another to move and stir our 
 affections; there is that draweth to a marvellous 
 grave and sober mediocrity, there is also that 
 
84 APPENDIX. 
 
 carrieth as it were into ecstasies, filling the 
 mind with an heavenly joy, and for the time in 
 a manner severing it from the body: so that, 
 although we lay altogether aside the consider- 
 ation of ditty or matter, the very harmony of 
 sounds being framed in due sort, and carried 
 from the ear to the spiritual faculties of our 
 souls, is. by a native puissance and efficacy, 
 greatly available to bring to a perfect temper 
 whatsoever is there troubled, apt as well to 
 quicken the spirits as to allay that which is too 
 eager, sovereign against melancholy and despair, 
 forcible to draw forth tears of devotion if the 
 mind be such as can yield them, able both to 
 move and to moderate all aff*ections. Hooker^ 
 Eccl PoL b. V. §. 38. 
 
 Lastly: there is a sort of God's dear servants 
 who walk in perfect ness, who ' perfect holiness 
 in the fear of God f and they have a degree of 
 clarity and divine knowledge more than we can 
 discourse of, and more certain than the demon- 
 strations of geometry, brighter than the sun, 
 and indeficient as the light of heaven. This is 
 called by the apostle the oLTroLvyoLO-^d tou 06olI: 
 Christ is this ' brightness of God,' manifested 
 in the hearts of his dearest servants. 
 
 Evfici^r/is'. 
 
 But I shall say no more of this at this time, 
 
APPENDIX. 85 
 
 for this is to be felt, and not to be talked of ; 
 and they that never touched it with their finger, 
 may secretly, perhaps, laugh at it in their heart, 
 and be never the wiser. All that I shall now 
 say of it is, that a good man is united unto God, 
 xevT^ov KsvTgco <rvvot^a,g, as a flame touches a flame, 
 and combines into splendour and to glory: so 
 is the spirit of a man united unto Christ by the 
 Spirit of God. Jeremy Taylor's Works^ vi. 395. 
 Hehers ed. 
 
 A good life is the best way to understand 
 wisdom and religion, because, by the experi- 
 ences and relishes of rehgion, there is conveyed 
 to them such a sweetness, to which all wicked 
 men are strangers : there is in the things of 
 God, to them which practise them, a delicious- 
 ness that makes us love them, and that love 
 admits us into God's cabinet, and strangely 
 clarifies the understanding by the purification 
 of the heart. For when our reason is raised up 
 by the Spirit of Christ, it is turned quickly into 
 experience; when our faith relies upon the 
 principles of Christ, it is changed into vision ; 
 and so long as we know God only in the ways 
 of man, by contentious learning, by arguing 
 and dispute, — we see nothing but the shadow 
 of him ; and in that shadow we meet with many 
 dark appearances, little certainty, and much 
 conjecture: but when we know him Aoyo; octto^ 
 (focvTiKM, yoc\Yjvr} voegSi, with the eyes of holiness. 
 
86 APPENDIX. 
 
 and the intuition of gracious experiences, with 
 a quiet spirit and the peace of enjoyment; then 
 we shall hear what we never heard, and see 
 what our eyes never saw; then the mysteries 
 of godliness shall be opened unto us, and clear 
 as the windows of the morning: and this is 
 rarely well expressed by the Apostle, "If we 
 stand up from the dead, and awake from sleep, 
 then Christ shall give us light.'' Jeremy Tay- 
 lor's Works^ vi. 393. Heher's ed. , 
 
 Translate into English the following 
 passage. 
 
 O quam fragilem, quam inanem virtutem 
 induxisti, si spohari pr^emio suo potest ! Quae 
 si bona sua divinajudicat, ut aiebas, quipossunt 
 existere tam ingrati, tam invidi, tarn potentes, 
 qui virtutem spoliare valeant iis bonis, quae 
 fuerint in earn collata divinitus ? Nse ilia se, 
 inquit, multis solatiis oblectat ; maximeque suo 
 decore seipsam sustentat. Quibus solatiis ? quo 
 decore ? cum in crimen ssepe veniat, et in 
 poenam decor ille vertatur. Quid enim, si 
 (ut Furius dicebat) rapiatur, vexetur, extermi- 
 netur, egeat, auferantur ei manus, efFodiantur 
 ei oculi, damnetur, vinciatur, uratur, miseris 
 etiam modis necetur ; perdetne suum praemium 
 virtus ? An potius peribit ipsa ? Minime. Sed 
 
APPENDIX. 87 
 
 et mercedera suam Deo judiceaccipiet, et vivet, 
 et semper vigebit. Qua; si tollas ; nihil potest 
 in vita hominum tarn inutile, tarn stultutn videri 
 esse, quam virtus; cujus naturalis bonitas et 
 honestas, docere nos potest, animam non esse 
 mortalem ; divinumque illi a Deo pniemium 
 constitutum. Sed idcirco virtutem ipsam Deus 
 sub persona stultitise voluit esse celatam, ut 
 mysterium veritatis ac religionis suae esset 
 arcanum ; ut has religiones, sapientiamque 
 terrenam extoUentem se altius sibique mukum 
 placentem, vanitatis errorisque damnaret ; ut 
 proposita denique difficultate, angustissimus 
 trames ad immortalitatis prsemium sublime 
 perduceret. Docui, ut opinor, cur populus 
 noster apud stultos stultus habeatiir. Nam 
 cruciari atque interfici malle, quum thura tribus 
 digitis comprehensa in focum jactare, tam 
 ineptum videtur, quam in periculo viae, al- 
 terius animam magis curare, quam suam. 
 Nesciunt enim, quantum sit nefas, adorare 
 aliud praeterquam Deum, qui condidit coelum 
 atque terram ; qui humanum genus finxit, 
 inspiravit, luce donavit. Quod si servorum 
 nequissimus habetur, qui dominum suum fuga 
 deserit ; isque verberibus, et vinculis, et er- 
 gastulo, et cruce, et omni malo dignissimus 
 judicatur ; et si filius eodem modo perditur, 
 atque impius existimatur, qui patrem suum 
 derelinquit, ne illi obsequatur ; ob eamque 
 causam dignus putatur, qui sit exhaeres; et 
 
88 APPENDIX. 
 
 cujus nomeu in perpetuum de familia deleatur : 
 quanto magis, qui Deum deserit, in quern duo 
 vocabula, domini, et patris, asque veneranda 
 conveniunt ? Nam ille, qui servum pretio com- 
 parat, quid in eum beneficii confert, praeter- 
 quam alimenta, quae illi utilitatis suae gratia 
 subministrat ? Et qui filium generat, non 
 habet potestatem, ut concipiatur, ut nascatur, 
 ut vivat. Unde apparet, non esse ilium pa- 
 trem, sed tantummodo generandi ministrum. 
 Quibus ergo suppliciis dignus est desertor ejus, 
 qui et dominus verus, et pater est : nisi quae 
 Deus ipse constituit ? qui spiritibus injustis 
 aeternum paravit ignem ; quod ipse per vates 
 suos impiis ac rebellibus comminatur. L. 
 CcbL Lactantii de Justitia, lib. v. 18. 
 
 Translate and examine the following 
 passages, and prove or disprove the state- 
 ments they contain, by reference to Holy 
 Scripture. 
 
 Authoritas Dei consistit in intrinseca repug- 
 nantia deceptionis seu falsitatis quam habet 
 divinum judicium, et in intrinseca repugnantia 
 actus voluntatis imperantis testimonium ex- 
 trinsecum non consentiens judicio interno ; quae 
 per terminos positives actus intellectus infalli- 
 
APPENDIX. 89 
 
 biliter veri, et actus voluntatis intrinsece et 
 necessario recti, poterit explicari. Francis, 
 de Oviedo Tract, de Fide. Contr, ii. punc. 2. 
 
 Sicut duplex est auditus et locutio, scilicet 
 exterior sive corporalis, et interior ac spiritualis ; 
 ita duplex est fides, una quae oritur in cordibus 
 fidelium per auditum exteriorem, cum scilicet 
 Deus per aliquos homines aliis credenda propo- 
 nit; et ista est fides quae nobis sive communi 
 statui fidelium convenit, ex eo quod adhaeremus 
 revelationibus Prophetis et Apostolis factis : 
 alia est quae oritur in aliquibus per spirit ualem 
 locutionem, qua Deus aliquibus per internam 
 inspirationem credenda revelat, nullo hominis 
 ministerio utens ; sicut est fides Apostolorum 
 et Prophetarum, qui ab ipso Deo per intrinsecam 
 illuminationem sunt de credendis instructi. 
 Francis, Ferrariensis in Thorn, cont. Gent, 
 cap. 40. 
 
 Cum sub tribus et testatio fidei et sponsio sa- 
 lutis pignerentur, necessario adjicitur Ecclesiae 
 mentio; quoniam ubi tres, id est, Pater, Filius, 
 et Spirit us Sanctus, ibi Ecclesia, quae trium cor- 
 pus est. Tertul. de Baptis, In quem tingueret ? 
 in poenitentiam ? quo ergo illi praecursorem ? 
 in peccatorum remissionem, quam verbo dabat? 
 in semetipsum, quem humilitate celabat? in 
 Spiritum Sanctum qui nondum a Patre descen- 
 derat? in Ecclesiam, quam nondum Apostoli 
 
90 APPENDIX. 
 
 struxerant ? Idem. Dehinc ter mergimur, 
 amplius aliquid respondentes quam Dominus 
 in Evangelio determinavit. Id, de Cor. Militis, 
 Sed et ipsa interrogatio quae fit in Baptismo 
 testis est veritatis, nam cum dicimus, Credis 
 171 vitam cetemam, et remissionem peccatorum 
 pe7' sanctam Ecclesiam ? intelligimus remissio- 
 nem peccatorum non nisi in Ecclesia dari. S. 
 Cyprian, Epist. ad Januarium^ Sfc. Quod si 
 aliquis illud opponit, ut dicat eandem Novatia- 
 num legem tenere quam Catholica Ecclesia 
 teneat, eodem Symbolo quo et nos baptizare, 
 eundem nosse Deum Patrem, eundem Filium 
 Christum, eundem Spiritum Sanctum, ac prop- 
 terea usurpare eum potestatem baptizandi posse 
 quod videatur in interrogatione Baptismi a nobis 
 non discrepare : sciat quisquis hoc opponendum 
 putat, non esse unam nobis et schismaticis 
 Symboli legem, neque eandem interrogationem. 
 Nam cum dicunt, Credis remissionem peccato- 
 rum^ et vitam ceternam per sanctam Ecclesiam? 
 mentiuntur in interrogatione, quando non ha- 
 beant Ecclesiam. Idem, Epist. ad Magnum. 
 Mos ibi {id est RomcE) servatur antiquus, eos 
 qui gratiam Baptismi suscepturi sunt, publice, 
 i. e. fidelium populo audiente, Symbolum 
 reddere, Ruffin. in Symh. Solenne est in 
 lavacro,post Trinitatis confessionem interrogare, 
 Credis in sanctam Ecclesiam ? Credis remissio- 
 nem peccatorum ? S. Hieron. cont. Lucifer. 
 Mens Haeretica reliquit doctorem a quo fidem 
 
APPENDIX. 91 
 
 Ecclesiae didicerat, oblita est pacti Dei sui, hoc 
 est, fidei ipsius Dominicas quae in Symbolo 
 continetur, quam se die baptismatis servaturam 
 esse promiserat. Idem^ Com. in PrOv. Interro- 
 gatus es, Credis in Deum Patrem omnipotentem P* 
 dixisti, Credo^ et mersisti, hoc est, sepultus es. 
 Iterum interrogatus es, Credis in Dominum 
 nostrum Jesum. Christum, et in crucem ejus? 
 dixisti, CredOy et mersisti, ideo et Christo es 
 coiisepultus. Tertio interrogatus, Credis in 
 Spiritum Sanctum ? dixisti, Credo ; tertio 
 mersisti : ut multiplicem lapsum superioris 
 astatis absolveret trina confessio. S, Ambros. de 
 Sacram. lib. ii. cap. 7. 
 
 U^(7rsvof^sv oiiv ycct) 6[xokoyov[xsv sva [jlovov ocXyiQivov 
 xat ocyuSov 0coy, kou svcc tov [Ji^ovoysvYj cmrax) ulov, xat 
 %v [jLOvov 'TTvsvfji.oL clyiov. S. BasiL 
 
 Haec propositio, Deus est, quantum in se est, 
 per se nota est, quia praedicatum est idem cum 
 subjecto, Deus enim est suum esse. Sed quia 
 nos non scimus de Deo quid est, non est nobis 
 per se nota, sed indiget demonstrari per ea 
 quae sunt magis nota quoad nos, et minus nota 
 quoad naturam, scilicet per efFectus. Aquin. 1. 
 p, q, 2. Art. ii. 
 
 Quod si etiam unigenitus Filius factus 
 dicitur ex gratia, non vere genitus ex natura, 
 proculdubio nomen et veritatem unigeniti per- 
 
92 APPENDIX. 
 
 didit, postquam fratres habere jam coepit: 
 privatur enim hujus veritate nominis, si in 
 unigenito non est de Patre Veritas naturalis. 
 Fulgent, ad Thrasim, lib. iii. cap. S. Si 
 divina ilia Filii sempiternaque nativitas non de 
 natura Dei Patris, sed ex gratia, creditor 
 substitisse, non debet unigenitus vocari, sed 
 tantummodo genitus. Quoniam sicut ei nomen 
 geniti largitas adoption! s paternae contribuit, 
 sic eum ab unigeniti nomine nobis quoque 
 tributa communio paternae adoptionis exclusit. 
 Unigenitus enim non vocatur, quamvis genitus 
 possit vocari, cum genitis. Ibid, cap, 4. 
 
 Marcion, ut carnem Christi negaret, negavit 
 etiam nativitatem : aut, ut nativitatem negaret, 
 negavit et carnem: scilicet, ne invicem sibi 
 testimonium redderent et responderent nativitas 
 et caro ; quia nee nativitas sine carne, nee caro 
 sine nativitate. Tertul, de Carne Christi,, 
 cap. 1. 
 
 ^v^Yjv, KCii cckXov Tov vovv ^oyfji^ocTia'sLVTsg, Ix rglanv tov 
 ccv^goiTTOv (Tvve(TTOLvai ^ovkovTon^ (r(ji)[/.otTOg^ xu) ^v^r^g^ 
 Kct) vov, OU YiKoXo6Qr}(rs tccc) 'ATroXXiVugiog 6 rr^g 
 Auodi}ceia.g yEv6[jLsvog lirlcry.oirog' toiJtov yoip TDjJajxsvo^ 
 TOV ScjU^sAiOV rr^g ohsiccg do^Yjg, xcc) Tot Xoittix Trgoa-cpKO- 
 ^ofXYias KOLTot TO oIxsTov loyi^oL. Nemes, de Nat, 
 Horn, 
 
APPENDIX. 93 
 
 Modus iste quo natus est Christus de 
 Spiritu Sancto non sicut filius, et de Maria 
 Virgine sicut filius, insinuat nobis gratiam Dei, 
 qua homo, nullis praecedentibus mentis, in 
 ipso exordio naturae suag quo esse coepit, Verbo 
 Dei copularetur in tantam personae unitatem, 
 ut idem ipse esset filius Dei qui filius hominis, 
 et filius hominis qui filius Dei : ac sic in 
 humanae naturae assumptione fieret quodammodo 
 ipsa gratia naturalis, quae nullum peccatum 
 posset admittere. Quae gratia propterea per 
 Spiritum Sanctum fuerat significanda, quia 
 ipse proprie sic est Deus, ut etiam dicatur Dei 
 donum. a^. August Enchir. cap, 40. 
 
 n*(rTsuOjX£V s\; tov Kw^iov >j/jta;v 'Irjo-otiv X^kttoi/, 
 
 TOV Um OUOTOl) TOV jOCOVOySV^* (TKOTTY^O'OV OTTOOg 'lyjCTOUf, 
 
 XgiG-Tog, Kot) [jiovoysvrig^ ku) vlog^ TrgoTsgov QsvTsg, Toi 
 KOivoi TY^g ^EOTYiTog Ku) ocv^gooTTOTYiTog, cog QsfxsXlovg, ovd- 
 ju^ara, tots tyjv TYjg svcicvQgoo7rYj(rscjog^ ku) tov TraQovg^ xai 
 TYig ocvoLG'Taa-cCJog^ £7roiKodoixov(ri Tra^aSociV. Cyril. 
 
 To xs\sv<TQh 7cgoj3ciTOv sKsivo oTTTov o\ov yma-^on^ 
 TOii TTOi^ovg TOO (TTocvgov 8/ o6 Ttknyjiv Ij^eAAev 6 
 Xg\(JTog^ (rviJ!,8oKov riv to yoiq otttwimsvov Trgo^arov^ 
 (r^ri{ji,ciTi^d[jt.svov ofjt^olcjog tm (TyYjfji.oi.Ti tov crTctvgov otttoc- 
 Ton, Eilg yoig ogQiog 6^sXl(rx.og houKsqovoiTcti uttq toov 
 
 KOLTOOTOLTOQ fJiSgOiV jW'Sp^^i TYjg JC£(paX^f, XOC) slg TTOiXiy 
 KOLTOL TO fLSTOL'^gZVOV'i a) TTgOG'OtgTCtiVTOn XOU Ocl %£7^£^ TOV 
 
 Trgo^dcTou, Just. Mart. Dial, cum Tryph, §. 40. 
 
94 APPENDIX. 
 
 For Translation. 
 
 SSsX^og Tov Kvglov 'lax,cti^o;, 6 6vo[Ji.a(rQs)c vtto Trav- 
 Tcov diKdios otTTO TMV TOO Kvglov ')(^gova)v [Ji'S^gi }COU 
 rifjLoov. sTTe) TroAAoi ^luKUi^oi IxaAoOvro* ohrog II sx 
 TiOiXlag fJi^Yirgog uvtou ccyiog yjv. Ohov ku) a-Usgu ovk 
 msi/, ouSe si^^u^ov E<fciysv' ^vgov stt) tyjv KS(^ci\r)v 
 uvTOv OVK avs/3rj* eKonov ovx, YiXsi^otro, xou ^aKctvslcu 
 OVK e^grjO'SLTO. tovtco [xovcp ejyjv s]g roi ccyia, sWisvai, 
 ovU yoig spsovv s<fogsi, aWoi (Tivlovag, kou (ji^dvog sWYig- 
 •/f^o si; TOV voLOV Yivglo'KSTO Ts Ksifjt^evoc stt) Tolg yOVOL<jl, 
 KOLi ochoviJi,eT/og VTTsg tov AaoO a^scnv o^g ct7rs(rK\Yj" 
 Ksvai ra yovara ctvTOv S/xrjv Kotfjirj^ov, ^la. to oce) 
 KafJiTTTHv ett) yovv TTgoG-KWOVVToc Tco SsM, Kou cihei(rQui 
 ci<ps<nv TCO XuM. Aia ys toi tyjv V7rsg(SoXY)v TVjg diKuio- 
 (TvvYig ctvTOv skuXHto AUonog kou ^^l/Bxiag. o sgtiv 
 'KKXyiVKTt) TTsgio^Yj TOV Xuov KCii diKdnoG-vvYj, oog ol 
 TTgo^YlTOLi ^yjAoucn Trsgi ocvtov, Tivsg ovv toqv stttu alge- 
 (Tsoiv Tcov ev Tft» Aa«, rwv Trgoy5ygoc(j.fji,hcjov [xoi sv Tolg 
 uTTOjUtvyj/jLaciV, Ittvv^ocvovto ccvtov Tig yj $vgoc tov 'Iyjcov. 
 xcil sksys TOVTOV slvai tov (ronrigoL. ej m Tiveg sttI- 
 iTsvdCLV^i OTi 'I>j(roi5; \(Tt\v o XgKTTog. a\ §= ulgeasi: 
 Oil rirgosigrii/.svon ovk sttIctsvov ovts 6lvu(ttol<hv ovte eg- 
 ypu.BVOV aiTolovvcii sKota-Tcp koltoL tol sgyot avTov. o<TOi 
 §£ KOLi h7rl(rTsv(rciV, §ia ^IolkcojSov ttoXKwv ovv kou tcqv 
 ocqxPVTanv TTio-TevovTCJOv^ r)v Qogvfiog tmv ^lov^ulciov ku) 
 ygoLiJ^luoLTzoov kou ^upi(rala)V KsyovToov^ oti kivIvvbvsi 
 TTcig 6 XoLog *lYj(rovv rov XgKTTOv 7rgo<rdoKav. *'EAsyov 
 ovv cvvs\QovTsg rf ^Icckoj^oo, TraguKuXovixsv cs' sTTio-^sg 
 TOV Xaov, sTTsi eTrXuvYj^Yj slg 'Irjcroyy, oog avTOv ovTog tov 
 
APPENDIX. 95 
 
 Xgicrrov. 7rugoL}ici,Xov[jt.ev as Trela-on tzolvtol^ rovg k>Mv^ 
 Tuc slg TYjv Yi(ji,egocv rov 'KOLfTyjx Trsgi 'Ir)<roi;. croi yag 
 TTocvTsg TTSi^ofjisQci, rjf^slg yug jxa^ry^oOjasv crot xat Traj 
 XoLog on dUotiog si, xa) on Tr^ocrcoTrov ov KaiL^uvBig, 
 irsKTOv oi)v (TV Tov o^Xov TTsg) 'Iyig-qv [/.y) TrXavafiT^a*. kcu 
 yoig TToi; 6 Xotog xou Truvrsg 'ttzMi/.s^ol (TOi, (TTYj^t oxjv 
 sTTi TO wrsgCyiov tou lepoO, 7va ccvcoQsv fig iTn^av^^, xa) 
 ^ evuKOVCTTix (TOV TOL pYjfji^ciTx TTuvn T« Aa? ^ia yoig 
 TO i:oL(TYjx cri»V£X>jXt>^acr< ttuo'ch ccl (pvXcu (j^sToi xu) tmv 
 sQvMV, "'E(rTYi<rciv ovv ol 7rgosigYi[ji.svoi ygo(.[jLf/.o(,Tsig xoc) 
 <I>a^icra7oi tov 'Iolxod^ov IttI to TTTsgvyiov rov vctov, xa) 
 sxgoL^av avTu xou sIttov, ^ixocis^ w izuvTzg ttsISzC-Oui 
 6^sl\(i[x,6V, sTTs) 6 Xaog TrXcivocrui ottIcm 'Iyj(70LJ rou 
 (TToivgooQevrog, omoLyyziKoy yjuav rig yj ^vga rov 'Iyjcov 
 TOV (TTUvpooUvTog' xu) otTTsxglvuTO (pcovYJ f^eyaXY}^ tI fjLs 
 sTTsgooTOLTs 'TTsg) *\y}TOv tov vlou TOV uvQgwT^ov ; xoc) 
 avTog xocQyitoh sv T(Z ovgavM sx ^s^^wv TYjg jiteyaAij? 
 h)VOifj.ECtig xou [jisXXsi sg^eo'Qai stt) TUiV vs^sXoov tov 
 ovgoLVOv, xoLi ttoXXoqv TrXYigo^ogrj^evToov, xa) h^otl^ovTCJOV 
 
 STt) T^ [/.OtgTVgiCC tov *\oLXM^OV^ XOU XByOVTOOV (ti(TOLVV0i 
 
 t« ulf Aa/3jS, TOTS itolKiv o\ avTo\ ygoc[ji.fLocTsig xou 
 ^ctgio-ouoi Trgog ctKkriXovg eAsyov xocxwg eTroiYja-ufLev, 
 TOiciVTYiv [jLotgTvgioLV TroigoLC^ovTsg tm'1yi(tov' otXXoi olvoL" 
 ^uvTsg, xoura^otKooi^BV avTOv^ hoc (polSYjQevTsg [ji,r} 'ttig-tsv- 
 cru)(riv ocvTu' xca exgoc^ocv XsyovTsg' do co, xoc) 6 dlxociog 
 sTrXocvYj^Yi. Koc) 67rKr)got)(rocy tyjv ypoc^Yjv tyjv Iv Ta 
 'Ha-ocioL ysypci(jt.iJt.svr}V' ugoofjLsv tov dixociov^ oti dvc- 
 X^W^^S Tli"'*^ IcTTi* Toivvv Toi ysvVY)(JiciToc Twv egycov 
 ocvTwv (fayovToci. ocvoc^ocvTsg ovv xoctej3ocXov tov dixociov, 
 xu) sKsyov ocXkYjXoig' XiQa,(7oi)[/.sv 'locxoo^ov tov ^Ixcuov. 
 xoc) Yig^avTO AiSa^siv uvtov^ stts* xocTocfikriQsig ovx octts- 
 
96 APPENDIX. 
 
 davsv, aXXa (TTgot^eig s^yjxe ra ydvaroc Ksycjov' iraqoL" 
 xaXw, xw^/e dee Trare^, aipe^ auroij* oy ya^ oSa(rt t/ 
 TTOiOtJcriV. oStco 8e KCiTaXi$of3oXo6vToov aurov, el; rwv 
 te^eojv Tcwv ulwv *P>};^a/3 utoO *Pa^a/3e}ju. tcov fjLUQTV- 
 gov[ji.svcjov VTTO ^legsfj^lou tov Trgo^yjTOv, SKgu^s Xsyoov* 
 'jru6(TOi(7^s' tI TTOieTre; sv^sron VTTsg vf^ctiV 6 lUuiog, xat 
 Xot^oov ns oLW cumthv elg rcuv yvoL<p6aov ro ^vXov, sv co 
 otTTSTrls^s ToL l[jLixTicx,, YjvsyKs KdTOL TY^^ xe(paA>5J TO\t 
 ^iKociov. xat ovTcag Ijaa^rw^yjo'ev xai eda\I/av uvtov stt] 
 
 TOO TOTTCpy xat 6Tl UVTOV Yj (TTYjKyI [XSVSl TTUgci TOO VCCM, 
 
 ^agTv; ovTog uKYjQ^g 'lovlotloig ts koli "'EiX\ri(n ysye- 
 vYjTotty OTi 'lyjcrou; o ^gicTTog sg-tiv. xat ev^vg Ovs<r7ru- 
 (Tictvog TToXiogKsl tyjv 'lowSa/av, al')(^[ji,oi\a)Tia'cig otvTOvg, 
 Euseb, Pamph.EccL Hist. ii. 23. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
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