Report of Tests of Partitions by Fire and Water MADE UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MR. VIRGIL D. ALLEN CITY INSPECTOR OF BUILDINGS CLEVELAND, - - OHIO June 28th and 29th, 1912 COMMITTEE IN CHARGE PROFESSOR JOHN H. NELSON, CASE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCE CLEVELAND, OHIO MR. L. H. MILLER, ENGINEER, BETHLEHEM STEEL CO. CLEVELAND, OHIO MR. WILLIAM S. LOUGEE, ARCHITECT CLEVELAND, OHIO LIST OF Wlf NESSES' OF FIRE TEST AT CLEVELAND Friday and Saturday, June 28 and 29, 1912. NAME REPRESENTING ADDRESS Ackley, W. B. Cement Gun Co Cleveland, O. Allen, Virgil D. City Inspector of Buildings Cleveland, O. Angel, Henry Cleveland Builders' Supply Co Cleveland, O. Bagnall, Arthur G. Bagnall-Taylor Co., 505 Hippodrome Prospect Bldg., Cleveland, O. Barnum, Frank S. Architect, Board of Education Cleveland, O. Brandt, Ralph V. Gen. Sec'y & Treas., W. W. & M. L. I. U., 401 Superior Bldg., Cleveland, O. Brett, Allen Managing Editor, Concrete-Cement Age Detroit Caldwell, W. L. The Berger Mfg. Co Canton, O. Campbell, J. G. The Price Electric Co 11807 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, O. Carroll, F. W. Realign Construction Co 516 Garfield Bldg., Cleveland, O. Chamberlain, O. N. Architect 1229 Schofield Bldg., Cleveland, O. Clark, P. R. Manager of Sales, The General Fireproofing Co., Youngstown, O. Colbrook, E. A. The Standard Oil Co Cleveland, O. Curley, P. T. State Building Inspector Cleveland, O. Dies, S. A. Superintendent of Buildings Pittsburg, Pa. Donley, Clarence Donley Brothers Co 730Q Aetna Rd., S. E., Cleveland, O. Donley, Ford Donley Brothers Co 7309 Aetna Rd., S. E., Cleveland, O. Donley, George President, Contracting Lathers' Ass'n, 7309 Aetna Rd., S. E., Cleveland, O. Donley, Ernest Donley Brothers Co 7309 Aetna Rd., S. E., Cleveland, O. Elliott, Fred W. State Architect 515 Board of Trade Bldg. Columbus, O. Ferguson, L. R. Association of Portland Cement Mfrs Philadelphia, Pa. Gebhardt, E. W. Osborn Engineering Co Cleveland, O. Goodwin, H. G. Inspector of Buildings Akron, O. Hanson, E. S. Editor, Cement Era 1207 Morton Bldg., Chicago Hurlbert, William G. Pres. & Treas., The Bostwick Steel Lath Co Niles, O. Jacobs, C. V. American Lumberman Cleveland, O. Jenkins, D. L. The General Fireproofing Co Youngstown, O. Jensen, J. Norman Chicago Building Dept Chicago, 111. Jewett, M. B. Lehigh Portland Cement Co People's Gas Bldg., Chicago, 111. Johns, Thos. U. S. Gypsum Co Cleveland, O. Johnston, Glen Allegheny Co. Light Co Pittsburg, Pa. Kanolt, Dr. C. W. Bureau of Standards Washington, D. C. Kellogg, Alfred N. National Plaster Board Co Cleveland, O. Kinale, F. H. Building Code Commission Pittsburg, Pa. Lawson, E. B. Bostwick Steel Lath Co Niles, O. Lougee, W. S. Architect American Trust Bldg., Cleveland, O. McDowell, W. S. Building Code Commission Pittsburg, Pa. McKee, T. C. Berger Manufacturing Co Cleveland, O. McMahon, J. Building Inspector Toledo, O. McMaster, H. B. Commissioner, Associated Metal Lath Mfrs. 812 Wick Bldg., Youngstown, O. McRoberts, S. A. Construction Record Bessemer Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. McSorley, Wm. J. Gen. Pres., W. W. & M. L. Inter. Union, Superior Bldg., Cleveland, O. 4 NAME REPRESENTING ADDRESS Martin, A. L. The Garry Iron & Steel Co Niles, O. Marsteller, P. G. The General Fireproofing Company Youngstown, O. Miller, L. H. The Bethlehem Steel Co Cleveland, O. Moody, Chas. C. Vice-Pres. Allyn Engineering Co Ford Bldg., Detroit, Mich. Mowry, C. W. Mechanical Engineer, Associated Factory Mutual Fire Insur- ance Companies 31 Milk St., Boston, Mass. Murphy, Samuel Building Code Commission Pittsburg, Pa. Murphy, R. O. Building Code Commission Pittsburg, Pa. Naugle, H. M. The Berger Manufacturing Co Canton, O. Nelson, Prof. John H. Case School of Applied Science Cleveland, O. Nelson, M. W. Cleveland Inspection Bureau Cleveland, O. Neale, L. J. J. B. King & Co *, . . . New York, N. Y. Osborn, J. H. Building Department Cleveland, O. Palmer, C. D. Palmer Index Cleveland, O. Patton, C. H. Manager, Cleveland Inspection Bureau Cleveland, O. Payne, J. E. The General Fireproofing Co Youngstown, O. Powell, W. R. Architect 1106 Hippodrome Bldg., Cleveland, O. Powell, C. O. Engineer, North Western Expanded Metal Co., Old Colony Bldg., Chicago Premiss, F. L. Metal Worker 807 American Trust Bldg., Cleveland, O. Redding, Lester Asst. State Inspector of Workshops and Factories. .Columbus, O. Ringer, Carl F. City Building Inspector Milwaukee, Wis. Roberts, Ed. A. Secretary, Builders' Exchange Cleveland, O. Sanderson, R. L. The Bostwick Steel Lath Company Niles, O. Sargent, E. C. Universal Portland Cement Co. ...72 W. Adams St., Chicago, 111. Schubert, C. W. Department of Buildings '. . .Cleveland, O. Sowers, G. B. Case School of Applied Science Cleveland, O. Stromberg, J. W. Clinton Wire Cloth Co Chicago, 111. Taylor, George * General Manager, Eastern Expanded Metal Co., 201 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass. Taylor, J. A. Secretary Contracting Lathers' Association Hippodrome-Prospect Bldg., Cleveland, O. Theis, L. W. Cleveland Inspection Bureau Cleveland, O. Thomas, C. R. The Sykes Metal Lath & Roofing Co Niles, O. Thomas, I. A. President, The Sykes Metal Lath & Roofing Co Niles, O. Turner, W. B. Publicity Manager, The General Fireproofing Co., Youngstown, O. Uniack, W. B. State Building Inspector Cleveland, O. Wallace, Jack H. Contractor 10926 Morrison Ave., Cleveland, O. Wallace, George Chief, Fire Department Cleveland, O. Warner, C. D. Rock Products 537 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. Webb, S. G. U. S. Gypsum Co Chicago, 111. White, H. E. Chief Engineer, The General Fireproofing Co. .. .Youngstown, O. Wicks, J. C. Pres. & Gen. Man. The Garry Iron & Steel Co Niles, O. Wilson, E. A. The Garry Iron & Steel Co Niles, O. Woolson, Prof. Ira H. Consulting Engineer, Nat. Bd. of Fire Underwriters 135 William St., New York Zesiger, A. W. Building Department Cleveland, O. Mr. V. D. Allen, August 21, 1912. Inspector of Buildings, Cleveland, Ohio. Dear Sir : Your committee, acting under the authority invested in it by the appointment made in accordance with Section 544 of the Cleveland Building Code to conduct and report on tests of fire-proof and fire-resist- ing properties of various typical plastered partitions constructed accord- ing to the specifications furnished the committee as representing the usual practice in the construction of these various types, respectfully submit this our report on the details of construction and tests : GENERAL. The tests were conducted in the laboratory of The Associated Metal Lath Manufacturers, at 7500 Aetna road, Cleveland, Ohio. Figure 1 gives a general view of laboratory. The partitions were constructed under the direction of the commit- tee between May 3rd and May 8th, inclusive. The fire tests of these par- titions were made on June 28th and 29th, thus giving a little over seven weeks from the completion of the plastering to the date of test. FURNACE. The furnace used in these tests is of reinforced concrete construc- tion the ground plan being that of a regular seven-sided polygon, one side of which is used as an entrance to the generators, thermocouples, peepholes, etc., and the remaining six sides forming six separate and independent furnaces. The inner wall of the furnace is provided with openings for the protection tube for the thermocouples, observation holes, which are covered with mica, through which it is possible to observe the fire side of the specimen w r hile being tested. Each furnace is provided with six square feet of grate area, connec- tion with the outside being through three eight-inch glazed sewer tile. At the top three flues were provided for the escape of smoke and gases as well as the production of draught. The panel to be tested formed the outer wall of the furnace, being built into a frame made from nine-inch channels, lined with brick; the whole being hinged on the one edge and supported on a wheel rolling on a curved steel track at the other, forming a door which may be readily opened by means of a block and tackle without injury to the specimen. Figures 2 and 3 show plan and vertical cross-section respectively. FUEL. The fuel used in the furnaces was coal oil burned under a pressure of from 120 to 130 pounds per square inch. This pressure was auto- matically maintained throughout the entire test by means of a gas engine and pump used to pump the oil from the supply tank to the pres- sure tank, from Avhence it was distributed to the various generators and thence to the burners in the various furnaces. Each furnace was pro- vided with two separate and distinct sets of burners separately con- trolled. This was done merely as a precautionary measure, as one set of burners was sufficient to produce the required temperature. Natural gas was used for generating the oil into vapor. 6 JE-iESL FIG. 1 TVfS r /7T" CLEVELAND JUttE e8-23. 19/2 PLAN or F~UI?NA.CE TEMPERATURES. Pyrometers The furnace temperatures were measured with a Price Pyrometer and iron, nickel-copper alloy thermocouple, the instrument being graduated to read to the nearest ten degrees. This instrument, with one of the couples used in the test, was sent to the Bureau of Stand- ards at Washington, D. C., for calibration. The remaining five couples w r ere then checked against the calibrated one for constant of couples. Table 1 is the calibration report of the Bureau of Standards and Table 2 the calibration of couples. Correction for cold end junctions was made by use of the formula T == 0.9(t 80), T being the correction to be added algebraically to the pyrometer reading, where (t) is the temperature of the cold end junction. This formula was used for all corrections for cold end. The temperature (t) of the cold end was determined by means of a mercury thermometer wrapped with the cold end junction, such that the thermometer bulb and the wires were not exposed to air currents, care being taken not to short circuit the cold end. TABLE 1 Calibration of Thermocouple No. 6 and Galvanometer as Reported by the Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. Galvanometer Temperature Galvanometer Temperature Reading Fahrenheit Reading Fahrenheit 100 80 1000 990 200 180 1200 1190 400 390 1400 1380 600 590 1600 1570 800 790 1800 1770 TABLE 2 Calibration of Thermocouples Used in Test. Galvanometer Reading for Thermocouple No. Temperature 123456 Fahrenheit 520 520 530 520 520 500 610 630 640 620 620 600 590 800 820 840 820 810 800 790 1000 1010 1030 1000 1000 1000 990 1190 1200 1210 1190 1190 1200 1190 1390 1410 1420 1390 1400 1400 1380 1600 1600 1620 1600 1600 1600 1570 1800 1800 1820 1800 1800 1800 1770 The thermocouples were used in the furnaces as follows : Thermocouple Used in Furnace No. No. 1 6 2 5 3 4 4 3 5 2 6 . 1 * 1 Each furnace was supplied with a thermocouple protected by means of a wrought iron protection tube inserted through the back \vall of the furnace (Figure 3) and so arranged that the end of the thermocouple was about two inches from the center point of the panel to be tested. Each thermocouple was then connected with a six station switch, which in turn w r as properly connected wtih the pyrometer. By this arrange- ment the temperature of any furnace could be readily and accurately determined at any instant. As an indication for regulating the fire, readings were made and recorded every three minutes during the firing. See tables 6 to 11. This instrument and accessories were furnished and in- stalled by The Price Electric Company of Cleveland. THERMOMETERS Mercury thermometers were used to determine the temperatures of the ex- ternal wall of all panels during the test. A small copper holder was cemented to the test panel as show r n in Figure 4. Plaster of paris was the cementing sub- stance used. Thermometers reading to 300 F. were used in most cases and readings were made and recorded at intervals of ten minutes during the test, or until the temperature exceeded the range of the thermometer w r hen it was removed. In case the mercury of a thermometer exceeded the scale due to the temperature, this thermometer was discarded and replaced by another. Tables 12 to 17 give the temperatures of the outside wall. DEFLECTIONS f 7' O" | Deflections were measured at nine points on the panel as indicated in Fig- ure 5. Machine screws were tapped into the channel on opposite sides of the panel and a \vire stretched tightly between them spanning the test panel. The arrangement of wires and points for measuring deflections may be seen in photograph Figure No. 21. Zero deflections were read before lighting the fire and readings taken every ten minutes thereafter. These deflection measurements were made with a steel scale graduated to 0.01 of an inch. Tables No. 18 to 23 give the measured deflections and Figures 17 to 20 represent these graphically. v| 9> 1 Fi ig X J I " y c\j ^ .t 4 - ? I i 10 Jig. 5. MATERIALS. The materials used in the construction of the panels was procured in the open market. Diamond Portland cement was used in Panels No. 1, 3, -1, and 5. Imperial brand prepared plaster of the U. S. Gypsum Company was used in Panels No. 2 and 6, and finished with Excelsior brand sand finish, prepared and for sale by the Cleveland Builders Supply. The plaster board used in Panel No. 6 bore the trade mark "Sackett." Tiger brand hydrated lime was used in Panels No. 1, 3. 4, and 5. Sand The sand was clean bank sand and fairly representative of sands used in plastering. The mechanical analysis is given in Table 3. TABLE 3 Mechanical Analysis of Sand Sieve No. % Passing Sieve 5 98.2 10 96.2 12 95.7 18 94.1 22 92.7 35 81.6 40 76.95 50 60.6 70 56.64 150 3.4 Cement The cement used was Diamond Portland of good quality, as shown by tensile tests. Tables 4 and 5 give these tests. TABLE 4 Tensile Strength of Neat Cement Ref. Ultimate Strength, Pounds Per Square Inch No. 24 hours 7 days 28 days 1 332 722 695 2 245 655 695 3 230 645 725 Average 236 674 705 TABLE 5 Tensile Strength of 1-2 Standard Sand Mortar Ref. Ultimate Strength, Pounds Per Square Inch No. 7 days 28 days 1 355 460 2 345 420 3 390 440 4 330 425 5 415 495 6 345 440 Average 363 446 11 TEST SPECIMENS. The panels to be tested were built into the frames as mentioned and formed a wall approximately 7x9 feet. Details of the construction of the various test panels is given in Figures 6 to 11. There was no handling or moving of the panels from the time they were plastered until the day before the test, at which time they were carefully inspected for defects and the doors closed and sealed. As soon as a panel was plastered and the plaster was sufficiently set, the grounds were removed and the space filled with mortar. After this was thoroughly set, a fillet of cement mortar was placed around the edge of each panel to aid in the confining of the flame. SPECIFICATIONS. The following specifications were furnished the committee as fairly representative of the various partition construction. PANEL NO. 1 Metal Lath on Wood Stud. (Fig. No. 6.) Studding The studs to which the metal lath is to be applied shall be 2" x 4" well seasoned Norway pine set 12" center to center, well nailed top and bottom to a plate and sill of the same sized material, all to be lathed on both sides. Grounds To be ^/\" thick. Metal Lath All lath used in this work to be 24-gauge expanded metal lath, painted both sides and weighing not less than 3J4 pounds per square yard. Nailing This lath is to be nailed to the stud with V No. 14 gauge staples every 4". Each sheet of lath should lap the other sheet at least 1" along both the vertical and horizontal joint. Joints Care must be taken to break joints in each course. Plastering The First (Scratch) Coat shall be 1 part Portland Ce- ment, 1-10 part hydrated lime and 2^ parts clean sharp sand; all parts by volume, a sack of cement being counted as 1 cubic foot. The cement and hydrated lime should be mixed together until the mixture is of a uniform color, and the 2^ parts of sand mixed with one part of this mixture. Add about 1 pound of long cattle hair per bag of cement used. Apply with considerable pressure, getting a good key and completely covering the metal lath and then roughen the surface by scratching diag- onally in both directions. The Second (Brown) Coat should be of the same mixture as the first coat with the hair omitted, and should be applied to the first coat after the latter has hardened sufficiently but before it has become dry. Immediately before the application of the second coat, or any subse- quent coat, the preceding coat should be well drenched with water applied with a brush or through a hose provided with sprinkler nozzle. Bring to a true and even surface within .j/g" to 3-16" of the face of the grounds. After this coat has been darbied and straightened in all direc- tions lightly scratch the same with a scratcher. 12 /o ih , /*- -- /r -J- /r 4. /r + ^ * * The Finish Coat should be 1 part Portland cement and 2^/2 parts of clean sharp sand. After the Brown coat has set firm and hard, but while still green (within 12 hours after the wall has been browned out), apply a finish coat of the above mixture with a trowel, and float it with a cork or carpet float to a true and even granular surface, using plenty of water in floating to bring the same to an even surface. PANEL NO. 2 Wood Lath on Wood Stud. (Fig. No. 7.) Studding To be 2"x4" well-seasoned Norway pine set 16" center to center, well nailed top and bottom to a plate and sill of the same sized material, all to be lathed on both sides. Grounds To be ^4" thick. Wood Lath All lath to be used in the work are to be the best qual- ity of No. 1 white Pine Lath. These lath are to be laid up y%' apart and six to a break and to have six nails to each lath, two nails in the ends and one to each intermediate stud. All lath to be well soaked in water before being used. Plastering As soon as possible after the lathing is done, brown out the Avails with a brown coat of U. S. Gypsum Co.'s or equal prepared hard wall plaster specially prepared and well fibered for wood lath work. This coat to be screeded and rodded in all directions. Finish Coat Sand Finish. Within 12 hours after the wall has been browned out and while still green apply a finish coat of prepared lime sand finish. This coat to be well floated, using plenty of water in the operation. PANEL NO. 3 Two-Inch Solid Metal Lath. (Fig. No. 8.) Studding The channel iron used in this work shall be Y^' standard steel channel weighing not less than .55 pound per linear foot or a channel formed up from steel No. 18 guage or heavier, weighing not less than .25 pound per linear foot. The channel studding is to be set 12" center to center, well secured top and bottom to the construction. Temporarily brace partitions between ceiling and floor, which brace shall remain until after the t scratch coat has set. Lath All lath used in this work to be 24-gauge expanded metal lath, painted both sides and weighing not less than 3*4 pounds per square yard. This partition to be lathed on one side only. This lath is to be sewed to the channel iron with No. 18 gauge annealed galvanized tie wire. One tie every 4" vertical and one tie between each stud or vertical channel. Each tie to receive two twists. The sheets of lath are to lock or lap at least V all edges. Plastering Same as under Metal Lath on Wood Studding, except that it is back-plastered to make a solid 2" partition. Grounds y" on lathed side and y 2 " on opposite side. 14 Wood Lat/r r s \ 1 | 1 Finished Part/t/on I 1 I I I I I I I I I FIRE" T$ T AT CLF VL flftD I JUNE 28- 29 ,/ 9/2 I I I I __ 1 V ~y \ V ^ ^ I I V J D PflRT/T/OM ~9/- f-TdrH'-/ r ' r/z"-4- n ^ ''-|- /Z' - , I f ;" r^i / irc j/de I pm ^WvOw S Mv, T 1 9'- J_ ^ "1 1 F/n/sh*d P&rf/fton 1 1 T^ 1 F/RE TS7 /JT CLEVEL/7/YD i t JUNF P8 -21 1 9/2 1 n V -y t \( / ^ \ I|| J * * v , [) ^ -I PARTITION MS 3 -5* r/nishtd Partition Oihtr 5/de satn* as Par ft ft o/i /V- / TEST AT JUtt5 28-29, PART/TICK PANEL NO. 4 Stucco Wall According to Typical Specifications of Associated Metal Lath Manufacturers. (Fig. No. 9.) Studding Shall be 2" x 4" well seasoned Norway pine set 12" center to center, well nailed top and bottom to a plate and sill of the same size. The faces of the studs where the plaster will come in contact with them should be given one coat of good water proof paint. Bridging Midway of the height of the panel, brace between the studding with 2" x 3" bridging placed horizontally but with the faces of the bridging inclined in alternate directions in adjacent spaces. Furring Use painted rods or crimped furring, *4" applied along the edge of the studding with 1^4" No. 14 gauge staples. Lathing Use No. 24 gauge expanded metal lath weighing not less than 3*4 pounds per square yard, fastened horizontally over the furring strips with \}/\" No. 14 gauge staples. Tie the sheets between furring with No. 18 gauge galvanized wire. The sheets should be locked or lapped at least 1" and tied at joints both vertically and horizontally. Plastering For First and Second coats and back-plastering, mix in the following proportions : Lime Mortar: 2 barrels of hydrated lime 1 yard of clean sharp sand free from loam. 4 bushels cattle hair. Make up at least 3 days before using. Cement Mortar : 2 parts of clean sharp sand, free from loam. 1 part Portland cement. Mix fresh in small batches as used. The First and Second coats should be of good thickness and the finishing coat should have with it a mixture of water-proofing. A total thickness of plaster of about l l / 2 " is good practice. It is aimed for the First and Second coats to get a Portland cement mortar with as little lime in it as will make it work properly. Clean long winter cattle hair should be used. The Lime and Cement mortar should be mixed and tempered sepa- rately, measured carefully, equal parts of each, and mixed well together. In plastering over the face of the stud, the plaster should be forced well through the lath in order to fill entirely the space between the lath and the stud. The back-plastering should be a heavy coat, well troweled so that the lath is entirely enveloped. The final coat shall be brought to a smooth finish and even surface with a steel trowel. The lathing and plastering on the inner side of the wall should be the same as for Metal Lath on Wood Studding in Panel No. 1. The exterior plaster must not be allowed to set rapidly. If neces- sary, hang a curtain in front of the wall of burlap or other material that can be kept moist for a couple of days. Stucco should never be applied w r hen the temperature is below freezing. 18 PANEL NO. 5 Four-Inch Hollow Metal Lath. (Fig. No. 10.) Studs To be Z l / 2 " metal stud formed up from steel not lighter than No. 18 gauge and weighing not less than .457 pound per linear foot, set 12" center to center and lathed on each side. Lathing All lath used in this work to be No. 24 guage expanded metal lath, painted on both sides and weighing not less than 3% pounds per square yard. This lath is to be sewed to the studs with No. 18 guage annealed galvanized tie wire. One tie every 4" vertical and one tie hori- zontally between each two studs. Each tie to receive two twists. The sheets of lath are to lock, or lap, at least 1" all edges. Grounds To be y 4 " thick. Plastering Same as Metal Lath on Wood Studding. PANEL NO. 6 Plaster Board on Wood Studding. (Fig. No. 11.) Studding The studs to which the plaster board is to be applied shall be 2" x 4" well-seasoned Norway pine set 16" center to center, well nailed top and bottom to a plate and sill of same size. Grounds To be ^4" thick. Plaster Board The plaster board shall be 3/" thick, weighing not less than 2 pounds per square foot and equal to that manufactured by the U. S. Gypsum Co. The boards must be spaced not less than }/\" apart on all sides and each nail driven firm and tight. Nailing First nail the entire middle of the board and then the outer edges, using 1*4" No. 10 gauge, 7-16 head wire nails, set 4" apart with each nail driven firm and tight. Joints Joints must be broken horizontally and perpendicularly. Joints must not come on the same stud on opposite side of partitions. Do Not Wet Boards Care must be taken that the plaster board is not wet before the application of the plaster. Plaster To be U. S. Gypsum Co.'s Imperial Prepared Plaster or equal. Brown Coat First thoroughly fill the joints between the boards, using the above material. Follow this up with a brown coat about ^" thick of the above, carefully laid on with darby to a straight and even surface, ready to receive the finish coat. Finish Coat After the brown coat has set firm and hard but while still green (within 12 hours after the base coat has been applied), lay on a finish coat of U. S. Gypsum Co.'s Prepared Sand Float Finish, or equal. This material is to be laid on with a trowel and floated with a cork or carpet float, working the material to a true and even granular surface, free from float marks and cat faces, using as little water as pos- sible in floating. 20 0-6" 10 -< /7 /6 C?\\\\\\\lJ * It was the aim of the committee to have the above specifications fulfilled in materials and workmanship as would be required in good practice. The plastering was done by an efficient plasterer of several years' experience, and the mixing of the plaster by a man also of several years of experience in this work. MINOR TEST SPECIMENS. Six-inch cubes were made from the different mixtures of plaster and after setting in air for twenty-four hours were stored in damp sand. One-half of these cubes were then placed in the furnaces and subjected to the same heat test as the panels which they represented. It was the intention of the committee to make compression tests to determine the effect of the heat on the strength of the mortar, but the cubes subjected to heat disintegrated so completely that these tests could not be made ; hence none of the cubes were tested for compressive strength. PLASTERING. Panel No. 1 The plaster for this panel was mixed in batches as follows : Scratch Coat : 2 pails Diamond Portland Cement 4 pounds Tiger brand Hydrated lime thoroughly mixed to a uniform color, then added 5 pails bank sand. The whole was then thoroughly mixed until of a uniform color, when 2-3 pound wet hair was added and tempered with the proper amount of w r ater to work freely under the trowel. The Brown coat for this panel was prepared as the above scratch coat with the exception of the hair, which was omitted. The finish coat was mixed as specified : 1 pail of Diamond cement 2 l / 2 pails of sand. The various coats were applied as follows : Scratch coat, May 3rd ; Brown coat, May 5th, and Finish coat, May 6th. Panel No. 2 The plaster and finish for this panel, being prepared when purchased, was tempered with the proper amount of water and applied as per specifications. The coats of plaster were applied as fol- lows : First coat. May 3rd, and Finish coat, May 4th. Panel No. 3 The plaster for this panel was mixed in the same pro- portion and the same sized batches were prepared at a time as in Panel No. 1. The plastering was done as follows : Scratch coat on lath side, May 5th ; back plastered on studding side, May 6th ; Brown coat on lath side, May 6th, and Finish coat on both sides, May 7th. Panel No. 4 The lime mortar for this panel was prepared on May 3rd, and mixed in the following proportions : 2 sacks of Tiger brand hydrated lime }/4 yard of sand 1 bushel of hair. 22 Note : The sudden drop of temperatures of furnaces Nos. 4 and 6 was due to the shutting off of the fires. For details see pages 54 and 58. In this specification, one barrel of hydrated lime was interpreted as meaning four sacks. The cement mortar was mixed as follows : 1 part of Diamond Portland cement 2 parts of sand. The first and second coats used on this panel were mixed in the fol- lowing proportions: 1 part lime mortar 1 part cement mortar. The finish coat for the stucco side, which was also the fire side, was mixed as follows : 1 pail Diamond Portland cement 2 pails of sand y^ pound of water-profing compound. The finish coat for the outside wall was mixed in the same propor- tion as for Panel No. 1. The plastering was as follows : Scratch coat and back plaster, May 6th ; Brown coat, May 7th, and finish coat, May 8th. Panel No. 5 The plaster for this panel was mixed in the same pro- portion and in the same quantities as for Panel No. 1. The plastering was done as follows : Scratch coat, May 5th ; Brown coat, May 6th, and Finish coat on May 7th. Panel No. 6 In the construction of Panel 6 the plaster board used was marked "Sackett." The plaster and finish being prepared when received, was tempered with the proper amount of water and applied as specified. The plastering was done as follows : First Coat, May 3rd ; Finish Coat, May 4th. TESTS AND TESTING. General On June 27th the burners were given a final tryout and the doors of the furnaces were closed and sealed around the edges with fire clay. Deflection wires were put in place, thermometer holders were cemented to the panels, and preparation in general w r as made for the firing of the furnaces on the following day. On June 28th, the day set for the tests, the first panel was fired at 7:57 A. M. The order of firing was as follows: Panel No. 1, Panel No. 3, Panel No. 5, Panel No. 2, Panel No. 4, and Panel No. G. In the tests of the various partitions it was the aim of the committee to follow as closely as conditions would permit the requirements of the Standard Test of Fireproof Partition Construction of the American Soci- ety for Testing Materials. This requires the temperature of the furnace to be raised from room temperature to 1700 F. by the end of the first half hour, and to be maintained at an average temperature of 1700 F. for one and one-half hours thereafter, making the duration of the test two hours. At the end of the heat test, the partition to be subjected to a stream of water discharged through a l^'g-inch nozzle under 30 pounds nozzle pressure for % l / 2 minutes. The partitions in these tests were subjected to an average temper- ature somewhat in excess of that required by the above specifications, but as will be noted by reference to Figure 12 that the average tempera- ture of the various furnaces is practically the same for all with the excep- tion of Furnace No. G, in which the maximum temperature reached was 1560 F. 26 After being subjected to the heat test the doors were opened and the fire side was subjected to the water test. A stream of water was directed against the panels through a 1^-inch ring nozzle under a pres- sure slightly less than that required by the Standard Specifications. The pressure for the various panels will be found under observations of panels during test. The opening of the door of the furnaces was accomplished with the aid of a block and tackle. This was attached to the lower outer corner of the door as close to the wheel as possible in order to avoid any twist- ing of the panel due to the pull necessary. The pull was exerted by a number of men, being one slow, steady pull. To firemen accustomed to the handling of the nozzle were detailed by the Cleveland Fire Department to apply the water test under the direction of the committee. In all cases the nozzle was at a distance of about 20 feet from the panel. The water used in these tests was piped to the Laboratory from a nearby hydrant through a S^-inch pipe line and the loss of head due to friction accounting for the low pressure at the base of the nozzle. How- ever, the pressure for all the test panels being practically the same makes a comparative test of these panels under this condition. The following is the weather conditions for June 28th as furnished by the local office of the Weather Bureau. "June 28, 1912, the weather was partly cloudy from 7 :00 A. M. to 5:00 P. M., and there was no precipitation. 28 The wind direction and velocity was as follows: 7 a. m.- 7 miles from SE 1 p. m. 9 miles from W. 8 a. m. 7 miles from S 2 p. m. 8 miles from W. 9 a. m. 8 miles from W 3 p. m. 4 miles from W. 10 a. m. 10 miles from W 4 p. m. rlO miles from W. 11 a.m. 8 miles from SW 5 p.m. 7 miles from W. 12 a. m. 8 miles from NW The temperature Fahrenheit was as follows : 5 a. m 67 12 noon 76 6 a. m 69 1 p. m 77 7 a. m 71 2 p. m 77 8 a. m 75 3 p. m 80 9 a. m 77 4 p. m 78 10 a. m 78 5 p. m 76 11 a. m 77 The barometer at 5 :()0 a. m. was 29.25, and at 5 :00 p. m., 29.22. The weather conditions for June 29th were as follows: "Clear. No precipitation. The wind direction and veloctiy : 7 a. m 10 miles SW 8 a. m 11 miles W 9 a. m 15 miles W 10 a. m 14 miles W 11 a. m 14 miles W 12 a. m 13 miles W The temperature Fahrenheit was as follows : 7 a. m 74 8 a. m 76 9 a m 77 10 a m 77 11 a m 78 12 a. m.. . .79 30 OBSERVATION ON PANEL NO. 1 Metal Lath on Wood Studding. 7 :57 Fire lighted. 8 :07 Vertical crack on outside wall at 20 inches from side. 8 :10 Odor of burning hair. 8 :15 Steam escaping from the edges. 8 :20 Escaping steam stopped with mortar. 8 :23 Small crack on outside wall across upper corner. 8 :28 Small crack on outside wall across lower corner. 8 :30 Crack appears on fire side, with noticeable deflection of entire panel towards fire. Fire unequally distributed. 8 :35 Crack on fire side enlarging and vertical crack appeared on outside at center of panel. Escaping gases at top of panel. 8 :57 Gases issuing from vertical crack on outside at center of panel. Cracks on fire side enlarging. Fire very equally distributed. 8 :58 Buckling of plaster on fire side. Gases issuing from vertical crack noted at 8 :07. Tar condensing on edges of cracks. Gases of distillation escaping on both sides and burning on fire side. 9 :15 Photograph, Fig. 21, taken, showing the escaping gases from vertical cracks on outside wall. 9:00 Crack joining cracks noted at 8:07 and 8:28. 9 :20 Continued combustion of gases on fire side. 9:30 Thermometers removed from outside wall of panel. Vertical crack y$ inch wide. 9 :35 Frame deflection away from the fire. Gases escaping through outside wall decreasing. 9 :50 Gases have ceased to issue from vertical crack in outside wall at center of panel. Gases escaping around edges of frame. 9 :54 Fire shut off. 9 :57 Door opened. With exception of cracks, shown in Fig. 22, the surface appeared to be in good condition. A lapse of 55 seconds occurred from the opening of the door to the application of water, which was played over the surface of the panel for 2^2 minutes, at a nozzle pres- sure of 20 pounds per square inch. Fig. 23, a photograph taken after the application of water, clearly shows the condition of the panel. The horizontal cracks appearing in this figure are at the splicing of the metal lath. The vertical cracks are directly opposite wood studs. Fig. 24 is a photograph taken after the removal of the lath and plaster on the fire side and shows the extent of the destruction of the studding by distilla- tion. It may be noted that the key of the plaster on the outside wall is intact. 34 wfs ^T" x K x. -7% 4 /fl /^~: /7J~ \ mm ^ ;;\ * ^lAX^ffi iiiijl.. . \V <7 g 3-t/,c> 2b o5> "^ t52? //f/r /2? r/3''# OBSERVATIONS ON PANEL NO. 2 Wood Lath on Wood Studding. 10 :26 Fire lighted. 10 :40 Spalling of finish coat on fire side. Outside wall perfect. 10 :50 Spalling increasing and horizontal crack developing on fire side. 11 :00 Large horizontal cracks and much Spalling on fire side. Parti- tion deflecting away from fire. 11 :10 Gases of distillation burning from crack on fire side. 11 :18 Plaster dropped off, near bottom, on fire side and wood burning. 11:30 Outside wall in good condition except discoloration near bottom showing outlines of lath. 11:35 Wood studding burning away at bottom. Thermometers removed on account of dangerous condition of panel. Ver- tical crack developing with large outward deflection of panel. 11 :40 Fire visible near bottom of panel through vertical crack. 11 :45 Photograph taken showing fire through vertical crack and dis- coloration noted at 11 :30. See Fig. 25. Entire wood con- struction gone for all practical purposes. Plaster in position due chiefly to inward draught through opening burned in wall. 11 :55 Hole in partition one foot in diameter. 12 :10 Hole one foot by two feet. 12 :20 Photograph, Fig. 26, showing large hole in partition. Fire turned off. 12 :21 Door opened. Entire collapse of partition due to opening of door as shown by photograph taken at 12 :23, Fig. 27, before the application of water. After the application of water for 15 seconds at 20 pounds nozzle pressure the frame was entirely cleaned of all lath and plaster as shown in Fig. 28. The frame was virtually a failure at the end of one hour and fifteen minutes. 36 - OBSERVATIONS ON PANEL NO. 3. Two-Inch Solid Metal Lath and Metal Studding. An examination of this panel before lighting the fire revealed a large number of diagonal cracks on outside wall, clearly shown in Fig. 22, a photograph taken after fire was started. The dark lines are due to moisture along the edges of cracks, driven out by the heat. No cracks were observed on the fire side of this partition before firing. 8 :27 Fire lighted. 8 :32 Cracks above mentioned enlarging. 8 :34 Crack appeared on fire side. 8 :35 Much moisture appearing along cracks. It was evident from the amount of moisture driven out by the heat that this panel con- tained a large amount of water. 8 A3 A part of the plaster of the outside wall blown off and accom- panied by a sharp report, throwing plaster several feet. This was undoubtedly due to a generation of steam between the improperly bonded coats of plaster. This is shown in Fig. 29, a photograph taken at 9 :03. In this photograph the width of the diagonal marks does not indicate the width of cracks, but shows the moisture along these cracks. The dark vertical lines where plaster is blown off are the metal studding of the partition. 8 :^7 Steam issuing along the exposed metal studding where plaster was blown off. 9 :10 Frame deflecting towards the fire. 9 :20 Smoke due to burning of hair in plaster and steam practically ceased. 9 :31 Soot burned off mica covering peep hole. Small vertical crack noted. 9 :37 Small diagonal crack appears on fire side. 9 :45 Vertical crack on fire side three feet long. Crackling sounds heard. Smoke and steam ceased to issue. 10 :25 Fire shut off. 10 :27 Door opened. Fig. 30, photograph taken after opening of door and before the application of water, shows the good condition of plaster. Thirty seconds after the opening of the door the water was applied 2^2 minutes with a nozzle pressure of 20 pounds per square inch. Fig. 31, a photograph taken after the application of water, shows the extent of the spalling of the plaster on the partition due to the water test. 38 I/-Z ;S 3-2 3 2't 2-4# 2 /'/ /ji /'A / 2 A 2; IB > "- * ^ OBSERVATIONS ON PANEL NO. 4 Stucco : Metal Lath on Wood Studding. Upon examination of this panel before testing, diagonal cracks extending in two directions at right angles and one short vertical crack extending upward from the bottom were found. 11 :52 Fire lighted. 12 :40 Plaster on fire side spalling off, exposing about six square inches of metal lath. Fire turned off due to cutting of piston in pump. Test discontinued until next day. Pyrometer read- ing 1790 F. 12 :49. Pyrometer reading had dropped to 1380 F. June 29. 10:16 Fire lighted. 10 :32 Temperature of furnace at 1380 F. It was the decision of the committee that the duration of the test should be reckoned from this time, making the test due to end at 11 :35. 10:23 Cracks on outside wall enlarging. Mica covered with soot so that observations of interior impossible. 10 :38 Vertical crack developing near center of panel on outside wall. 11 :03 Soot burned off, making observations possible on fire side. Flori- zontal crack on outside wall, near center, enlarging. 11 :09 Vertical crack on fire side enlarging, and horizontal crack across middle of panel on fire side also enlarging. 11 :13 Vertical crack on outside enlarging with much outward deflec- tion along crack. 11 :15 Vertical crack on outside 1-16 inch wide. 11:16 Gases beginning to escape from vertical crack, outside wall. 11 :17 Gases from crack on inside burning. 11 :25 Vertical crack on outside l /s inch wide with much bulging on both sides. Only small amount of gas escaping and no tar noticeable. 11 :27 Photograph, Fig. 32, showing this vertical crack. 11:32 Fire turned off. 11 :34 Door opened and photograph, Fig. 33, taken showing the condi- tion of this panel before the application of water. 40 This photograph shows the horizontal crack on the fire side of panel with the burning gases ; also the extent of the spalling of the plaster on the fire side. Twenty-seven seconds elapsed from the time of opening of door until the application of water. Fig. 34 is a photograph taken after the appli- cation of the water. The effect of the spalling noted at 12:40 on the first day of the test reducing the protection to the lath and studding and the result of this reduction is clearly shown in Figures 34 and 35, photographs taken after the application of water and after the removing of the plaster and lath. Upon opening the door a small hole was noted in the lower right hand corner. This hole was made by the fireman in an attempt to clear the burner of the debris resulting from the spalling of the plaster the previous day, and was not the effect of fire. OBSERVATIONS ON PANEL NO. 5. Metal Lath on Metal Studding Hollow. An examination of this panel before firing revealed a diagonal crack extending from a point 6 feet, 1 inch above the bottom on the hinge side to a point on the opposite side at a height of 4 feet, 3 inches from the bottom. A vertical crack extending from the bottom of the panel to the diagonal crack mentioned was found at the middle of the door. These cracks were on the fire side wall. 9 :54 Fire lighted. 10 :10 Diagonal cracks across all corners and a horizontal crack at cen- ter and one slightly below center of panel noted. 10 :12 Steam issuing along edges. 10 :16 Breeze striking panel. Deflecting rapidly towards fire. 10 :26 Vertical crack on fire side, noted before firing, opening up. 10 :33 Vertical crack mentioned at 10 :26 enlarging and another vertical crack observed on fire side. 10 :45 Another horizontal crack on fire side. 10 :46 Horizontal crack on outside enlarging. 11 :00 Crackling sounds. No smoke and very little steam. Cracks on fire side enlarging. 11 :51 Fire shut off. 11 :52 Door opened and photograph, Fig. 36, taken. This photograph shows the plaster intact and also the cracks above mentioned. Twenty-eight seconds elapsed between the opening of the door and the application of the water. Pressure at the base of nozzle 20 pounds per square inch. Figure 37, a photograph taken after the application of water for % l / 2 minutes, shows the spalling of the plaster due to the application of water, exposing the metal lath and studding in some places. Water came through this partition through the horizontal crack at center of panel where lath is exposed. OBSERVATIONS ON PANEL NO. 6. Plasterboard on Wood Studding. 12 :24 Fire lighted. 12 :30 Vertical cracks on outside. One at center and one at each of the one-third points. Large vertical crack on fire side. 12 :40 Spalling of plaster on lower left hand corner on outside, near frame. 12 :42 Pyrometer reading 1500F. Fire out due to failure of pump. 12 :4S Pyrometer reading 1080 F. June 29. 9 :53 Fire lighted. 10 :02^ Pyrometer reading reached 1080 F. It was decided to reckon the remaining time for the test from this point, making the test due to end at 11 :38^>. 10 :05 Plaster spalled from plaster board on nearly all of panel on fire side. 10:07 Plaster board burned off and studding on fire at bottom. 10 :10 Studding nearly all burned away at bottom. 10 :12 Large bulge towards outside developed at lower left hand corner. 10 :15 Studding all aflame across the whole partition. Lower half com- pletely burned away. 10:23 Fire visible through plaster at bulge noted at 10:12. 10 :36 Opening 6x18 inches. 10 :38 Photograph, Fig. 38, taken, showing hole in partition. Hole about three square feet in area. 10 :39 Fire shut off. 10 :43 Door opened. Partition collapsed as shown in Fig. 39, a pho- tograph taken before the application of water. 10 :45 Water applied and continued for 35 seconds, with the result shown in Fig. 40, a photogarph taken after the application of water. This photograph also shows the complete disintegra- tion of plaster and plaster board on the grate of the furnace. 46 TABLE 6 Temperature of Furnace No. 1 Panel No. 1 Time Pyrometer Correction Correction for Actual Hr. Min. Readings for Couple Cold End Junct. Temperature ( ) (+) of Furnace 7 54 30 Fire started. 8 00 120 20 4 104 03 370 10 5 365 06 610 10 7 607 09 850 10 8 838 12 1020 10 9 1019 15 1140 10 9 1139 18 1220 10 10 1220 21 1290 15 11 1286 24: 1340 15 11 1336 27 1400 20 13 1393 30 1460 20 14 1456 33 1470 20 16 1466 36 1550 35 9 1534 39 1570 25 9 1554 42 1530 25 14 1519 45 1575 30 14 1559 48 1640 30 15 1625 51 1690 30 17 1677 54 1730 30 18 1718 57 1820 30 18 1808 9 00 1850 30 18 1838 03 1860 30 18 1848 06 1820 30 19 1809 09 1780 30 21 1771 12 1820 30 23 1813 15 1840 30 24 1834 18 1840 30 23 1833 21 1850 30 27 1847 24 1860 30 30 1860 27 1860 30 32 1862 30 1880 30 33 1883 33 1760 30 33 1763 36 1850 30 34 1854 39 1890 30 35 1895 42 1910 30 30 1910 45 1910 30 32 1912 48 1840 30 27 1837 51 1840 30 25 1835 54 Fire off 1870 30 27 1867 57 1720 48 TABLE 7 Temperature of Furnace No. 2 Panel No. 2 Time Pyrometer Correction Correction for Actual Hr. 3 1 in. Readings for Couple Cold End Juuct. Temperature ( ) ( -f ) of Furnace 10 26 Fire started. 29 160 30 29 159 32 500 30 37 507 35 890 30 39 919 38 1130 10 43 1163 41 1270 44 1314 44 1360 10 44 1394 47 1460 20 47 1487 50 1510 20 49 1539 53 1560 20 49 1589 56 1580 20 51 1611 59 1640 30 54 1664 11 02 1720 30 57 1747 05 1780 30 57 1807 08 1730 30 54 1757 11 1670 30 54 1697 14 1780 30 57 1817 17 1800 30 57 1827 20 1830 30 55 1655 23 1690 30 56 1716 26 1820 30 57 1847 29 1800 30 57 1827 32 1770 30 57 1797 35 1780 30 57 1807 38 1850 30 60 1880 41 1830 30 61 1861 44 1820 30 64 1854 47 1830 30 65 1865 50 1800 30 66 1836 53 1780 30 66 1816 56 1730 30 66 1766 59 1770 30 66 1806 12 02 1700 30 63 1733 05 1620 30 60 1650 08 1570 30 59 1599 11 1510 30 60 1540 14 1460 30 61 1471 15 1440 30 63 1463 20 Fire off 1450 30 63 1483 50 TABLE 8 Temperature of Furnace No. 3 Panel No. 3 Time Pyrometer Correction Correction for Actual Hr. Min. Readings for Couple Cold End Junct. Temperature ( ) ( + ) of Furnace 8 27 Fire lighted. 31 260 30 20 250 34 570 30 23 563 37 860 20 25 865 40 1030 10 27 1047 43 1200 00 27 1227 46 1310 00 27 1337 49 1370 00 29 1399 52 1440 10 30 1460 55 1490 20 32 1502 58 1530 20 32 1542 9 01 1540 20 31 1551 04 1570 30 32 1572 07 1600 30 34 1604 10 1640 30 38 1648 13 1670 30 38 1678 16 1700 30 38 1708 19 1710 30 38 1718 22 1720 30 38 1728 25 1730 30 38 1738 28 1740 30 38 1748 31 1740 30 39 1749 34 1690 30 39 1699 37 1620 30 39 1629 40 1630 30 39 1639 43 1720 30 40 1730 46 1780 30 38 1788 49 1820 30 38 1828 52 1860 30 41 1851 55 1880 30 39 1889 58 1870 30 39 1879 10 01 1900 30 39 1909 04 1920 30 39 1929 07 1850 30 39 1859 10 1790 30 39 1799 13 1810 30 38 1818 16 1860 30 39 1869 19 1870 30 41 1881 22 1870 30 41 1881 25 Fire off 1870 30 40 1880 52 TABLE 9 Temperature of Furnace No. 4 Panel No. 4 Time Pyrometer Correction Correction for Actual Mr. Mitt. Readings for Couple Cold End Juuct. Temperature ( ) (+) of Furnace 11 52 Fire lighted. 55 160 30 45 175 58 320 30 ' 54 344 12 01 520 30 64 554 04 710 30 70 750 07 920 20 68 968 10 1100 20 ' 70 1150 13 1250 20 68 1298 16 1350 30 75 1395 19 1430 30 75 1475 22 1500 30 75 1545 25 1520 30 72 1562 28 1580 30 70 1620 31 1590 30 71 1631 34 1650 30 75 1695 37 1750 30 77 1797 40 Fire out 1790 30 79 1839 43 1730 30 74 1744 46 1500 30 66 1536 49 1380 30 59 1409 July 29, 1912 10 16 Fire lighted 19 240 30 27 237 22 490 30 30 490 25 840 30 32 842 28 1120 20 34 1134 31 1330 20 36 1346 32 1380 30 37 1397 34 1590 30 39 1609 37 1680 30 40 1690 40 1680 30 40 1690 43 1680 30 40 1690 46 1680 30 23 1673 49 1760 30 20 1750 52 1820 30 25 1815 55 1800 30 29 1799 58 1790 30 30 1790 11 01 1790 30 32 1788 04 1820 30 32 1822 07 1860 30 32 1862 10 1900 30 33 1903 13 1920 30 35 1925 16 1920 30 34 1924 19 1840 30 33 1943 22 1810 30 36 1816 25 1820 30 36 1826 28 1770 30 37 1777 31 1800 30 34 1804 32 Fire off 1820 30 Pump stopped at 11:24:30 and was started again at 11:25:30. No effect on fire. 54 TABLE 10 Temperature of Furnace No. 5 Panel No. 5 Time Pyrometer Correction Correction for Actual Hr. Min. Readings for Couple Cold End Juiict. Temperature ( ) ( +) of Furnace 9 54 Fire lighted 57 220 40 25 205 10 00 390 40 29 379 03 680 40 27 663 06 980 40 25 965 09 1210 20 24 1214 12 1350 20 27 1357 15 1460 40 30 1450 18 1550 50 33 1533 21 1620 50 34 1604 24 1670 50 37 1657 27 1730 50 37 1717 30 1750 50 38 1738 33 1770 50 41 1761 36 1810 50 43 1803 39 1780 50 40 1770 42 1750 50 43 1743 45 1740 50 43 1733 48 1800 50 44 1794 51 1830 50 41 1821 54 1850 50 47 1847 57 1800 50 47 1797 11 00 1760 50 46 1756 03 1770 50 47 1767 06 1780 50 48 1778 09 1760 50 50 1760 12 1740 50 55 1745 15 1720 50 57 1727 18 1730 50 55 1735 21 1760 50 55 1765 24 1770 50 58 1778 27 1780 50 59 1789 30 1790 50 59 1799 33 1790 50 57 1797 36 1800 50 57 1807 39 1840 50 61 1851 42 1920 50 61 1931 45 1950 50 64 1964 48 1970 50 66 1976 51 Fire out 1950 50 68 1958 52 1890 Door opened 56 TABLE 11 Temperature of Furnace No. 6 Panel No. 6 Time Pyrometer Correction Correction for Actual Hr. Min. Readings for Couple Cold Knd Juiict. Temperature ( ) ( + ) of Furnace 12 24 Fire started. 27 100 20 40 220 30 240 20 41 241 33 580 20 29 589 36 960 10 34 984 39 1210 00 37 1247 42 1300 00 39 1339 45 1210 00 48 1259 48 1080 00 36 1116 12 42 Fire out. Pump refused to work. Test discontinued until July 29. 9 35 Pilot lighted. 53 Fire started. 56 290 20 7 277 59 570 20 8 582 10 02 1000 10 9 1011 02 30 1080 00 10 1000 05 1290 00 10 1300 08 1390 10 12 1392 11 1410 10 12 1412 14 1420 10 12 1422 17 1430 10 14 1434 20 1420 10 15 1425 23 1430 10 16 1436 26 1450 10 18 1458 29 1470 20 19 1469 32 1490 20 20 1490 35 1550 20 22 1552 38 1560 20 22 1562 39 Fire turned out. 41 1470 20 33 1473 43 Door opened. Remarks. 10 23 Fire visible through crack. 10 35 30 Piece fell out. Large hole in lower left hand corner. 58 TABLE 12. Temperature of Outside Wall of Panel No. 1 (Metal Lath on Wood Studding) Time of Temperature Readings of Thermometers Observation 12345 Hr. Min. 7 57 78 78 78 78 78 8 07 90 92 89 97 93 17 167 179 163 162 164 27 180 188 184 182 181 37 188 201 198 207 188 47 199 205 208 210 197 57 204 237 227 244 210 9 07 236 270 265 288 218 17 Thermometers all off scale. Remarks Fire lighted. Over 300. Time of Observation Hr. Min. 10 23 32 42 11 52 02 12 22 32 33 TABLE 13. Temperature of Outside Wall of Panel No. 2 (Wood Lath on Wood Studding.) Temperature Readings cf Thermometers 5 Remarks 89 103 125 140 153 165 175 87 91 120 132 146 162 171 176 85 86 106 132 170 180 192 210 87 91 119 145 162 184 195 219 85 91 138 146 157 181 202 231 Thermometers removed on account of dan- gerous condition of panel. Fire lighted. 60 TABLE 14. Temperature of Outside Wall of Panel No. 3 (Two-inch Solid Wall. Metal Lath on Metal Studding.) Time of Temperature Readings of Thermometers Observation 12345 Remarks Hr.. Min. 8 27 78 76 86 78 77 Fire lighted. 35 83 86 138 89 124 45 195 172 Broken 208 208 55 199 186 207 206 9 05 203 194 204 206 15 208 203 206 255 22 250 249 242 288 32 274 274 280 Off, scale. 42 All thermometers removed. Temperature beyond range of thermometers. TABLE 15. Temperature of Outside Wall of Panel No. 4 Time of Observation Temperature Readings of 1 2 3 Thermometers 4 5 Hr.. Min. 11 55 93 91 88 89 90 12 05 112 100 100 92 98 15 174 168 168 141 159 25 178 180 178 173 173 37 182 180 186 179 176 47 189 182 183 180 179 Remarks 10 11 Fire lighted, Fire out. Test discontinued until June 29, 1912. Pump out of order. June 29, 1912. 16 92 94 89 89 90 19 94 94 89 89 90 29 103 97 95 91 93 39 121 117 125 103 109 49 168 140 179 128 140 59 228 181 261 163 180 09 281 229 * 201 209 19 319 265 383 224 230 29 363 301 t 244 246 Fire lighted. * Over three hundred, four hundred t Over four hundred at 11 :23. 62 thermometer inserted. TABLE 16 Temperature of Outside Wall of Panel No. 5 (Four-inch Hollow Partition. Metal Lath on Metal Studding.) Time of Observation Hr.. Min. 9 54 10 09 19 29 39 49 59 11 09 13 Temperature Readings of Thermometers 12345 78 146 173 184 186 210 256 288 138 171 183 186 208 268 78 125 170 185 210 260 >!; t * Indicates temperature was over 300 C f Indicates temperature was over 400 C 78 139 175 190 212 278 386 t 78 142 195 200 209 245 290 Remarks Fire lighted. Time of Observation Hr.. Min. 9 10 53 03 13 23 30 TABLE 17. Temperature of Outside Wall of Panel No. 6 (Plaster Board on Wood Studding) Temperature Readings of Thermometers 85 95 127 194 84 89 103 131 83 144 196 4 83 85 142 191 84 98 172 192 Remarks Fire lighted. Thermometers removed on account of dangerous condi- tion of panel. * Thermometer removed at 10 :15 on account of hole burned in panel at this point. Note: Readings above on Panel No. 6 were all made July 29. 64 TABLE 18. Deflections of Panel No. 1 (Deflections away from fire are indicated by [ ].) Time of Obser- vation Hr. Min 1 2 Deflection in Inches at Points No. 345678 9 7 58 Fire lighted. 8 08 0.05 .31 0.40 0.23 0.46 0.50 0.20 0.42 0.42 8 18 0.29 .63 0.58 0.42 0.86 0.78 0.35 0.75 0.63 8 28 0.45 .77 0.60 0.71 1.08 0.82 0.54 0.86 0.66 8 38 0.35 .49 0.50 0.51 0.76 0.66 0.41 0.62 0.60 8 48 0.29 .39 0.50 0.44 0.62 0.66 0.38 0.55 0.65 8 58 0.27 .30 0.50 0.41 0.50 0.70 0.38 0.40 0.68 9 08 0.27 .08 0.48 0.40 0.27 0.67 0.42 0.22 0.66 9 18 0.31 .25 0.41 0.42 0.07 0.51 0.45 0.10 0.57 9 28 0.37 0.50 0.30 0.54 0.20 0.40 0.59 0.23 0.51 9 38 0.53 .75 0.39 0.72 0.21 0.45 0.80 0.23 0.58 9 48 0.69 .59 0.51 0.97 0.07 0.59 1.05 0.17 0.57 66 TABLE 19 Deflections of Panel No. 2 (Deflections away from fire are indicated by [ ].) Time of Obser- Deflection in Inches at Points No. vation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Hr. Min. 10 26 Fire lighted 10 32 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 - -0.04 .02 0.01 0.06 10 42 0.08 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.05 .00 0.05 0.00 10 52 0.16 0.13 0.07 0.10 0.20 0.11 .12 0.11 0.04 11 02 0.30 0.23 0.08 0.25 0.32 0.15 .20 0.17 0.02 11 12 0.34 0.25 0.08 0.38 0.42 0.17 .18 0.25 0.02 11 22 0.39 0.26 0.09 0.42 0.59 0.17 .30 0.41 0.14 11 32 0.42 0.47 0.19 0.58 0.90 0.17 .66 0.77 0.18 68 TABLE 20 Deflectons of Panel No. 3 (Deflections away from fire are indicated by [ ].) Time of Obser- vation Hr. Min 1 2 Deflection in Inches at Points No. 34567 8 9 8 27 Firel ighted. 8 35 0.29 0.43 0.30 0.54 0.63 0.43 0.06 0.37 8 45 0.65 0.90 0.67 1.05 1.36 0.96 Deflec- 1.22 0.82 8 55 0.86 1.22 0.87 1.39 1.78 1.28 1.61 1.10 9 05 1.02 1.47 1.02 1.64 2.17 1.55 tion 1.97 1.37 9 15 1.21 1.75 1.27 2.00 2.60 1.87 2.37 1.66 9 25 1.31 1.93 1.38 2.18 2.97 1.98 point 2.57 1.73 9 35 1.37 2.00 1.42 2.32 3.04 2.08 2.72 1.77 9 45 1.41 2.15 1.48 2.45 3.18 2.18 blown 2.88 1.84 9 55 1.55 2.26 1.58 2.62 3.47 2.42 3.08 1.96 10 05 1.75 2.28 1.70 2.68 3.54 2.46 off 3.26 2.08 10 15 1.72 2.34 1.64 2.69 3.54 2.45 3.33 2.11 10 35 1.21 1.90 1.28 1.94 2.78 2.12 2.38 1.51 70 TABLE 21. Deflections of Panel No. 4. (Deflections away from fire are indicated by [ ].) Time of Obser- vatipn 1 2 Deflection in Inches at Points No. 3456789 Hr . Min. 12 07 0.22 0.34 0.28 0.15 0.30 0.28 0.13 0.26 0.22 12 17 0.25 0.26 0.29 0.09 0.30 0.31 0.13 0.20 0.22 12 27 0.37 0.23 0.23 0.08 0.18 0.28 0.07 0.16 0.21 12 37 0.09 0.14 0.21 0.01 0.10 0.18 0.20 0.05 0.11 12 ,4:7 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.03 12 '47 Fire out. Test discontinued until June 29th. 10 29 _0.01 0.06 0.13 0.10 0.22 *0.04 0.09 0.16 0.01 10 ,39 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.03 0.19 0.04 0.03 0.14 0.00 10 49 0.10 0.06 0.15 0.01 0.22 0.06 0.01 0.17 0.00 10 59 0.03 0.10 O.ll 0.0? 0.30 0.02 0.06 0.26 0.07 11 09 0.12 0.27 0.10 0.04 0.60 0.10 0.06 0.51 0.13 11 19 0.08 0.62 0.02 0.10 0.1100.25 0.03 0.92 0.27 11 29 0.04 0.96 0.01 0.21 0.1450.30 0.13 1.26 0.29 72 TABLE 22. Deflection of Panel No. 5 (Deflections away from fire are indicated by [ ] Time of Obser- vation Hr. Min 1 2 Deflection in Inches at Points No. 34567 8 9 9 54 Fire lighted. 10 11 0.75 1.03 0.68 1.20 1.73 1.18 0.94 1.46 0.89 10 21 0.89 1.21 0.84 1.41 2.09 1.37 1.07 1.55 1.01 10 31 0.97 1.39 0.94 1.60 2.10 1.70 1.28 1.94 1.23 10 41 1.19 1.65 1.18 1.84 2.43 1.80 1.56 2.26 1.51 10 51 1.35 1.87 1.32 2.10 3.03 2.06 1.86 2.70 1.83 11 01 1.58 2.07 1.51 2.43 3.00 2.47 2.19 2.78 2.08 11 11 1.68 2.35 1.86 2.70 3.64 2.58 2.45 3.26 2.42 11 21 1.88 2.43 1.88 2.78 3.?9 2.84 2.58 3.52 2.53 11 31 1.97 2.73 1.96 2.90 3.87 2.82 2.57 3.56 2.57 11 41 1.99 2.79 2.08 2.88 3.97 2.86 2.56 3.56 2.63 10 51 1.35 1.87 1.32 2.10 3.03 2.06 1.86 2.70 1.83 12 00 1.55 2.15 1.64 2.04 2.91 2.06 1.54 2.42 1.69 74 TABLE 23 Time of Obser- vation Hr. Min. 10 10 10 10 03 13 23 33 Deflections of Panel No. 6 (Deflections away from fire are indicated by [ ].) Test of June 29. Deflection in Inches at Points No. 12345678 0.09 0.00 0.10 0.07 0.15 0.09 0,25 0.32 0.01 0.31 0.36 0.11 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.21 0.14 0.01 _0.49 0.74 0.21 Wire 1.60 0.35 off 0.12 0.72 1.80 0.02 0.21 0.69 9 0.04 0.03 0.19 Wire off. 76 We wish to direct attention to the fact that all panels showed on opening that there was a concentration of heat opposite the fire at the bottom which was undoubtedly appreciably higher than the pyrometer reading derived from couple at center of panel. The photographs exhibit clearly the effect of this concentration. In concluding we wish to state that we have avoided injecting into our report our personal opinions or conclusions, but have endeavored to place every obtainable detail in your possession in such form that their interrelated significance will enable you to readily arrive at conclusions which we trust will be of great importance to your department and the building trades in general. Respectfully submitted, (Signed) L. H. Miller (Signed) J. H. Nelson (Signed) W. S. Lougee 78 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. ivenewea DOOKS are suoject to immediate recall. HianWr Rr<~'n LD OFC HA ^,- DUE NRLF MAR 2 6 1985 r 5 LD 21A-50m-9,'58 . .^neral Library GENERAL LIBRARY -U.C. BERKELEY 305169 ?/ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY