Z56 
 R5U 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 7 
 3 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 Ritchie 
 Abbreviated Longhand
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 
 
 B. 0. D-^ER 
 
 LA V i ~K 
 DALLAS, TEXAS 
 
 BY 
 
 WALLACE RITCHIE. 
 
 SECOND AMEKICAN EDITION. 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 J. B. HULING. 
 
 1885.
 
 SUGGESTIONS 
 
 Punctuation and Capitalization. 
 
 Uniform with this book. Price 25 cents. 
 
 The want of a simple volume of this character 
 has long been recognized. The present work has 
 had flattering appreciation. Written concisely, with 
 out resort to obscure language, it may be compre- 
 hended by anyone who has ordinary knowledge of 
 composition. Especially should the subjects treated 
 of be studied by whoever writes for publication, 
 since printers, to whom the responsibility is usually 
 left, are frequently unable to decide intelligently, 
 and have no access to the author for information. 
 Then the employment of shorthand and type-writ- 
 ing clerks is becoming general, and in this direction 
 the opportunity to qualify themselves has not been 
 afforded. Type writing makes all errors more 
 marked, and every effort should be put forth to have 
 a clear understanding of the matter no less than to 
 have correct orthography. 
 
 Sent post-paid on receipt of price. 
 
 KNIGHT * LEONARD, 1'RINTEKS, CHICAGO.
 
 ' ( 
 57 a 
 
 . 0. f 
 
 LA 
 DALLAS, TEXAS 
 
 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 IN the august presence of a myriad of much more elab- 
 orate treatises which speak lengthily of the history of 
 Stenography, and proclaim rather loudly respecting its 
 indispensability, and each of which, by the way, dwells to 
 no mean extent upon the particular advantages of its own 
 views, we shall confine ourselves humbly to merely making 
 one or two remarks, and then proceeding to develop our 
 system, always being particularly careful to use as few and 
 as plain words as possible. We shall, indeed, as Shake- 
 speare says, "imitate the honorable Romans in brevity," 
 on every point, well knowing, on the authority of the same 
 great bard, that by so doing we shall approach as near as is 
 in our meager power to the soul of wit. 
 
 Of the origin of Stenography we can only repeat tradi- 
 tion, and say that a series of arbitrary characters was com- 
 piled by the great Xenophon himself, which constituted the 
 first attempt at abbreviated writing among the Greeks ; 
 while among the Romans, a worthy encyclopaedia informs 
 us, Ennius invented a system of Brachygraphy consisting 
 of one thousand one hundred different signs, to begin with, 
 all of which were perfectly original. This little list was to 
 be supplemented by further hieroglyphics as occasion re- 
 quired, and as the poet's brain grew collective. 
 
 448303
 
 4 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 
 
 It would be superfluous to adduce any facts or arguments 
 with the view of proving that at the present time Shorthand 
 is totally indispensable as regards the Press ; and but little 
 assurance is requisite to give the conviction that it has now 
 come to be almost equally indispensable in commerce. As 
 ample verification of this, it will be sufficient to give refer- 
 ence to the advertisement columns of a daily newspaper. 
 This will show that it is now nearly an absolute necessity 
 that clerks in particular should become acquainted with one 
 system or another; and when the fact is considered that 
 this acquaintance, consequent upon the demand, is rapidly 
 growing universal, the prediction that in a short time suc- 
 cess, and perhaps even subsistence itself, will, without it, 
 border very closely upon an impossibility, will not appear 
 too extremely unreasonable. Even now it is often the case 
 that employers will engage only those who know Shorthand, 
 not because its practice will be required, but because they 
 consider, and not without good and just sense, that one 
 who has attained an art demanding so much intellectual 
 vivacity is not likely to be of a slow disposition in any other 
 direction, and also because they know no great difficulty is 
 experienced in procuring those with such a knowledge. 
 
 There are many systems of Shorthand in existence, and 
 much do they vary as to their approach to perfection. 
 Some are good, some are bad ; many are the most mis- 
 named things on the earth when called systems of short- 
 hand, while one or two are for brevity all that can be 
 desired, and such as will not, in every probability, be 
 excelled. Much, however, as these previous methods dif- 
 fer, they are all in unity on one point, and that is the 
 extreme difficulty of mastery. With many persons it is 
 known to be quite labor in vain to attempt the study, and 
 it may be fearlessly asserted that out of twenty who really 
 determine (at starting) to succeed, not more than one, on
 
 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 5 
 
 the average, reaches so far as moderate perfection. The 
 length of time obligatory, the extremely close application 
 demanded, the great sense of monotony, and the discour- 
 agement experienced by having had hours of study and 
 weeks of practice with no apparent progress, are rather 
 natural excuses for despair and ultimate discontinuance. 
 
 What, then, is wanted is a system easy to learn, and it is 
 with no small spirit of pride that we introduce our method 
 as competent to meet this important requirement. In 
 reviewing a former edition of this book, a popular phono- 
 graphic periodical expresses the opinion that the system is 
 so simple as to be learnable in ten minutes. We do not 
 profess this, but confidently assert that with two hours' 
 study and a fortnight's practice it can be so completely 
 attained as to enable the student to, by its use, take con- 
 densed reports of speeches, sermons, lectures, etc. The 
 supposition must not be entertained that this system pre- 
 tends to vie with the more complicated methods in regard 
 to swiftness in application, and we plainly acknowledge 
 that it would not be sufficiently brief for verbatim reporting. 
 Our principal principle is not rapidity in action, but the 
 extremely small amount of study and practice sufficient for 
 thorough mastery, and it is in this particular that superse- 
 dence over all former systems is claimed. 
 
 The greatest help to that extreme simplicity of which this 
 system boasts, is contained in the fact that, instead of the 
 usual perplexing lines and heartrending curves, and dots 
 which dazzle the eye with their unfathomable brilliancy, 
 and demi-semi-circular monstrosities which generally give 
 one the idea of nothing more nor less than bosh, the ordi- 
 nary manuscript letters of the alphabet are used. 
 
 Although this system is mostly intended for adoption in 
 mercantile matters, even the professional shorthand writer, 
 notwithstanding the fact that he may already know a more
 
 6 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 
 
 intricate method, will derive much benefit from the devo- 
 tion of a little time to the study of our rules ; for, besides 
 the unquestionable acquisition of being able to use it for 
 transcriptions in the place of the ordinary longhand (seeing 
 that any compositor, with but a glance at the instructions, 
 could read the abbreviated writing), he could successfully 
 adopt it where only condensed reports are required, and 
 thus save the labor of translation altogether. 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS. 
 
 1. IN the outset it may be well to summarize the charac- 
 teristics of this system by simply explaining that in all 
 cases we write only the letters which are prominently 
 sounded ; use such prefixes, affixes, and understood repre- 
 sentations as will be found in the tabulated alphabetical 
 arrangement on a subsequent page; and introduce just a 
 few arbitrary significations to make short work of certain 
 much used words and phrases. 
 
 2. METHOD OF SPELLING. The following few examples 
 will sufficiently illustrate the manner in which simple words 
 are to be spelt : Head, hd; express, xprs ; water, wtr; 
 accord, akrd; reference, rfrns; oblige, oblg; good, gd. 
 
 3. VOWELS. As a rule, vowels will be entirely omitted ; 
 but there are cases where, for the purpose of expeditious 
 transcribing, it is most necessary to insert them. These 
 occur generally when the word commences with a vowel, 
 but the system to be observed is only to write them when 
 prominently sounded. 
 
 4. DIPHTHONGS will also be written only when distinctly 
 pronounced. 
 
 5. FIGURES are to be represented in the ordinary manner. 
 
 6. The following Alphabetical Table must be carefully 
 studied, and the significations, prefixes, and terminations 
 committed to memory:
 
 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Words. 
 
 Prefixes. 
 
 Terminations. 
 
 a 
 
 after 
 
 
 
 b 
 
 but 
 
 
 -ably 
 
 c 
 
 certain 
 
 circum- 
 
 -brance 
 
 
 
 
 ( -ford, -hood, 
 
 d 
 
 delay 
 
 dis-, discon- 
 
 -j -tude, -stand, 
 ( -ward 
 
 E 
 
 Each 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 from 
 
 for- 
 
 
 g 
 
 give 
 
 
 -ing 
 
 H 
 
 have 
 
 hypo- 
 
 -with 
 
 I 
 
 Indeed 
 
 
 
 J 
 
 Just 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 know, acknowl- 
 
 j con-, com-. 
 
 -kind 
 
 
 edge 
 
 ( accom- 
 
 
 1 
 
 all 
 
 
 -able 
 
 m 
 
 much 
 
 magni- 
 
 -dom 
 
 N 
 
 Nothing, Enclose 
 
 j under-, inter-, 
 ( intro- 
 
 -tion, -sion 
 
 O 
 
 only, oblige 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 please 
 
 pre-, pro- 
 
 -ship 
 
 Q 
 
 Question 
 
 
 
 R 
 
 are, reply 
 
 recom- 
 
 -ember 
 
 S 
 
 Sure 
 
 super- 
 
 j -gress, -less, 
 ) -ness 
 
 T 
 
 that 
 
 trans- 
 
 j -ment.-stract, 
 { -struct 
 
 U 
 
 you, understand 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 value 
 
 
 -tive 
 
 w 
 
 which 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 express 
 
 extra- 
 
 
 Y 
 
 your 
 
 
 -ary, ity 
 
 Z 
 
 thank you 
 

 
 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 
 
 7. PREFIXES. The letters representing the various pre- 
 fixes should be separated from the body of the word by a 
 dash ; but where unusual swiftness is required this slight 
 incumbrance can be dispensed with. It is advisable, how- 
 ever, to attend to this rule wherever practicable, and, as it 
 constitutes the correct way, our exercises are written ac- 
 cordingly. 
 
 8. TERMINATIONS. The letters when signifying affixes 
 should be written slightly above the foregoing portion of 
 the word ; in the same manner, in fact, as is adopted when 
 abbreviating ordinary writing. 
 
 9. SPECIAL LIST OF TERMINATIONS. The following ter- 
 minations can be represented by their respective significa- 
 tions written in CAPITAL LETTERS: 
 
 -ingly . . . . Y 
 
 -lessly . . . . L 
 
 -tionable . . . T 
 
 -ability . . . . B 
 
 fulness S 
 
 -fully . . . . F 
 
 -tivity .... V 
 
 -ishness .... I 
 
 In these cases the affix will be placed upon the line. 
 
 10. NAMES should generally be written in full, but where 
 old acquaintance exists abbreviations may be used. This 
 rule and exception refers also to the names of countries, 
 towns, etc. 
 
 11. PUNCTUATION. It is not absolutely necessary that 
 any points whatever be inserted, as they can be fully ex- 
 pressed by leaving a small extra space between the words 
 where they should in longhand appear. When there is 
 time, however, it is best to introduce the stops, and also to 
 commence a fresh paragraph where required. 
 
 12. CAPITALS. Capital letters can be used in the same 
 order as in ordinary manuscript; but it is better to be spar- 
 ing with them, as, as a rule, they are more difficult to form 
 than small letters. Where single letters represent words.
 
 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 9 
 
 they can be written in either capitals or smalls, according 
 as is easiest in each case. 
 
 13. MISCELLANEOUS ABBREVIATIONS. There are many 
 words and phrases which, on account of their frequent 
 occurrence, demand special application. The list here 
 given may be added to by the student as found requisite, 
 but great care must be exercised so that, in an over anxiety 
 to make things short, they are not made uncommonly long. 
 
 with which we . . . w/w 
 
 yesterday y/d 
 
 To-day T/d 
 
 To-morrow .... T/m 
 
 without w/- 
 
 To-night TN 
 
 Half an hour . H H 
 
 Three months . . 3/m 
 
 Three days . . . 3/D 
 
 Three weeks . . . 3/w 
 
 Three years . . . 3/y 
 
 Four months, &c. . 4/m &c. 
 
 with reference to . R/T 
 
 I beg to say . . . B/S 
 
 Quarter of an hour . Q, H 
 
 14. "Or THE." The word "of, "being greatly used, can 
 be understood by the sign of a line drawn thus \, and the 
 word "the" by a stroke in the opposite direction, thus /. 
 By this arrangement the very frequent double "of the " can 
 be joined so as to form a cross, thus X. 
 
 15. The word " and" will be best represented by its usual 
 sign " ." 
 
 16. Where a preposition and an affix form the whole of a 
 W<H-<|. only one must be represented by its letter significa- 
 tion, the remainder being spelt as sounded. 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 A fox, very hungry, chanced to come into a vineyard, 
 a fx, vri ungri, chnsd t kin nto a vnyrd, 
 
 where hung branches of charming ripe grapes, but nailed 
 wr hng brnchs \ chrmS rp grps, b nld
 
 up to a trellis so high, that he leaped till he quite tired 
 p t a trlis si, f e Ipd tl e qt tni 
 himself, without being able to reach one of them. At last, 
 
 iinslf, wj- kg abl t rch on \ thin. t 1st, 
 "Let who will take them," says he, " they are but green 
 
 "Lt wo wl tk thin" ss e, " tha r b grn 
 and sour, so I'll even let them alone." 
 
 & sr, s II evn It thin alon." 
 
 "Now, then, my hearties!" cried a gallant captain, 
 " nw, thn, m artis !" krd a glut kptn, 
 seeing that his men were likely to be outnumbered, "you 
 
 ses t is mn wr Ikli t b otntnbrd "u 
 have a tough battle before you. Fight like heroes till your 
 
 h a tf btl bfr u. fit Ik hros tl y 
 
 powder's gone, then cut. I'm a little lame myself, and '11 
 
 pwdrs gn, thn kt, I'm a It I I in mis If , & '/ 
 
 start now." 
 strt nw." 
 
 EXTRACT FROM THE DEFENCE SPEECH OF 
 EUGENE ARAM. 
 
 I h hrd, m Ird, / ndit' rd, wrn I fnd mslf chrgd wth / 
 ist krm, wth n nrm*' I m Itgthr nkpbl \ ; a fkt, t / k-ms n 
 \ w thr gos fr mr nsnsB \ hrt, mr p-flgsi \ mrls, thn evr 
 fl t m It; & N ps 1 ' kd h dmtd a p-sm" \ ths ntr b a dprv? nt 
 nfrr t t mptd t m. Hwvr, s I stnd ndtd t yr Ird?'* br, & hrd 
 wt s kid evdns adsd n sprt \ sch a chrg, I vri hmbli slst yr 
 lrdP' s ptns, & bg / hr* \ ths rspkt b adns, wl I, sngl & nsklfl, 
 dstt \ frnds & nssted b knsl, sa smth*, prps Ik arg', n m 
 dfns. I shl k-sm b Itl \ yr Irdf' 8 tm: wt I h t sa wl b shrt; 
 & ths brv- v , prb b , wl b / bst prt \ t: hwvr, t s ofrd wth 1
 
 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 11 
 
 ps 1 rgrd & / grtst sbms" t y IrdP' 8 k-sdr n , & t \ ths onr 1 krt. 
 Frst, m Ird, / wl tnr \ m k-dkt n If k-trdkts evri prtklr 
 X ndt': yt hd I nvr sd ths, dd nt m p-snt c-stnss xtrt t f m, 
 & sm t mk t ns>'. Prmt m hr, m Ird, t kl pn mlgn>' tslf, s 
 Ing i\: krli bsid n ths p-sk n ; t chrg pn m ani mmrl>' \ w 
 p-jds vvs nt / othr, No, m Ird, I k-srtd no skms \ frd, 
 p-jktd no vlns, njrd no mns prsn r p-prti; my das wr onstli 
 Ibrs, m nits ntnsli stds; I umbli k-sv m ntis \ ths, spsli 
 t ths tm, wl nt b tht mprtnnt r nrsn', b t 1st, dsrv sm atn"; 
 bks, m Ird, t ni prsn, a a tmprt us \ If, a sris \ thnk& & 
 akts rglrli, & w/- on sngl dva" f sbr y , shd ping nto / vri 
 dpth \ p-flgsi p-sptli & t ons, s Itgthr mprb' & nprsdntd, & 
 bsltli nknsstnt with / krs \ thgs. Mn k s nvr krptd t ons; 
 vlni s Iwas p-grsv, & dklns f rit stp a stp, tl vri rgrd f p-bti 
 s 1st, & vri sns \ 1 mrl bg" ttli prshs. 
 
 AN EXTRACT FROM THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 CHRISTIAN AND GIANT DESPAIR. 
 
 Nw thr ws, nt fr f / pis wr tha la, a ksl kid Dt Ksl, / 
 onr wrf ws Gnt Dspr; & t ws n is grnds tha nw wr sips; 
 wfr e, gts p n / mrnf rli, & wk% p & dn n is fids, kt Krstn 
 & Hpfl aslp n is grnds. Thn, wth a grm & srli vs, e bd 
 thm awk; & skd thm wns tha wr, & wt tha dd n is grnds. 
 Tha tld im tha wr plgrms, & t tha ad 1st thr wa. Thn sd 
 / Gnt, U h ths nit trspsd n me, b trmpls n lie n mi grnds, 
 & thrfr u mst go Ing wth m. So tha wr frsd t go, bks e ws 
 strnger thn tha. Tha Iso ad b Itl t sa, fr tha nw thmslvs n 
 a fit. / Gnt, thrfr, drv thm bfr im, & pt thm nto is ksl, 
 nto a vri drk dngn, nsti & stnk-' t / sprts \ ths 2 mn. Hr, 
 thn, tha la f Wnsda mrn? tl Strda nt, w/- on bt \ brd, r drp 
 \ drnk, r lit, r ani t sk hw tha dd; tha wr, thrfr, hr n evl 
 ks, & wr fr f frnds & akntns. Nw n ths pis Krstn ad dbl 
 sro, bks t ws thro is ndvsd knsl t tha wr brt nto ths dstrs.
 
 12 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 
 
 Now, Gnt Dspr ad a wf, & hr nm was Dfdns. So wn e 
 ws gn t bd, e tld is wf wt e ad dn; t wit, t e ad tkn a kpl \ 
 prsnrs & kst thm nto is dngn, fr trspss n is grnds. Thn e 
 skd er Iso wt e ad bst t d frthr t thm. So sh skd im wt tha 
 wr, wns tha km, & wthr tha wr bnd; & e tld er. Thn sh 
 knsld im t wn e ars n / mrn?, e shd bt thm w/- ani mrsi. 
 So, wn e ars, e gth im a grvs krb-tre kdgl, & gos dn nto / 
 dngn t thm, & thr frst fls t rats \ thm s f tha wr dgs, altho 
 tha nvr gv im a wrd \ d-tst. Thn e fls pn thm, & bts thm 
 frF, n sch srt, t tha wr nt abl t elp thmslvs, r t trn thm pn 
 / flr. Ths dn, e wthdrws & Ivs thm, thr t k-dol thr msri 
 & t mrn ndr thr d-trs. So 1 t da tha spnt / tm n N b sis & 
 btr Imnt". / nxt nt, she, tike w th er sbnd abt thm frthr, & 
 \Jz tha wr yt alv, dd advs im t knsl thm t mk awa wth 
 thmslvs. So, wn mrn& ws km, e gs t thm n a srli mnr s bfr, 
 & prsv* thm t b vri sr wth / strps t e ad gvn thm / da bfr, 
 e tld thm, t sns tha wr nvr Ik t km ot \ t pis, thr nli wa wd 
 b frth h t mk n nd \ thmslvs, ethr wth nf, Itr, r psn, fr wi, 
 sd e, shd u chs If, se t s atndd wth so mch btr s ? B tha 
 dsrd im t It thm go. Wth t e Ikd ugli pn thm, & rsh*-' t thm, 
 ad dt 9 md n nd \ thm imslf, b t e fl nto on \ is fts (fr e 
 smtms, n snshni wthr, fl nto fts), & 1st fr a tm / us \ is 
 and; wrfr e wthdru, & 1ft thm s bfr, t k-sdr wt t do. Thn 
 dd / prsnrs k-slt btn thmslvs, wthr t ws bst t tk is knsl r 
 no; & ths tha bgn to d-krs: 
 
 KRSTN. Brthr, sd Krstn, wt shl vv do ? / If t w nw Iv 
 s msr 1 . Fr mi prt, I k nt wthr s bst, t Iv ths, r t di ot \ 
 and, "Mi si chsth strngls rthr thn If" (Jb. vii. 15), / 
 grv s mr esi fr m thn ths dngn. Shl w b rid bi / Gnt ? 
 
 HPFL. I, r p-snt k-d" s drdfl, & dth wd b fr mr wlkm t 
 m thn ths fr evr t abd; b yt, It us k-sdr, / Lrd X kntri t w 
 we r gos ath sed, Tho shit do no mrdr; no, nt t nthr mn's 
 prsn, mch mr, thn, r we f-bdn t tk is knsl t kl orslvs. Bsds, 
 e t kls nthr, kn b k-mt mrdr pn is bdi; b fr on t kl mslf s t
 
 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 13 
 
 kl bdi & si t ons. &, mrvr, mi brthr, tho tlkst \ es n / 
 grv; b ast tho f-gtn / el, wthr fr c / mrdrs go? Fr " no 
 mrdr ath trnl If," &c. & It us k-sdr, agn, t 1 / hv s nt n 
 / nd \ Gnt Dspr. Othrs, so fr s I kn U, h bn tkn bi im, 
 as wl as we; & yt h skpd ot \ is and. Wo nos, b t Gd t 
 md / wrld ma ks t Gnt Dspr ma di ? r t, t sm tm r othr, e 
 ma f-gt t Ik us n ? r t e ma, n a shrt tm, h nthr \ if fts bfr 
 us, & ma Is / us \ is 1ms ? & f evr t shd km t ps agn, fr 
 mi prt, I m rslvd t plk p / art \ a mn, & t tri mi utmst t 
 gt f ndr is and. I vvs a fl t I dd nt tri t do t bfr; b, hwvr, 
 mi brthr, It us b ptnt, & ndr a wl. / tm ma km t ma g us 
 a api rls; b It us nt b r on mrdrs. Wth ths wrds, Hpfl t 
 p-snt dd mdrt / mnd \ is brthr; so tha k-tnd tgthr (n / 
 drk) t da, n thr sd & din k-d n . 
 
 Wl, t d evn, / Gnt gs dn nto / dngn agn, t se f is prsnrs 
 ad tkn is knsl; b wn e km thr e fnd thm alv; & trli, alv ws 
 1; fr nw, wt fr wnt \ brd & wtr, & bi rsn X wnds tha rsvd 
 wn e bt thm, tha kd do Itl b brth. B, I sa, e fnd thm alv; 
 t w e fl nto a grvs rj, & tld thm t, se tha ad d-obd is knsl, t 
 shd b wrs wth thm thn f tha ad nvr bn brn. 
 
 T ths tha trmbld grtli, & I thnk t Krstn fl nte a swn; b, 
 kms a Itl t mslf agn, tha rnud thr d-krs abt / Gnts knsl; & 
 wther yt tha ad bst t tk t r no. Nw Krstn agn smd t b fr 
 do? t, b Hpfl md is sknd rpli as flth: 
 
 HPFL. Mi brthr, sd e, rmbrst tho nt ho vlnt tho ast bn 
 ertfr? Apollyon kd nt krsh the, nr kd 1 t tho ddst hr, r se, 
 r fl, n / vli X shdw \ dth. Wt ardP, trr, & ams 1 ast tho 
 Irdi gn thro ! & art tho nw N b fr ? Tho sest t I m n / 
 dngn wth the, a fr wkr mn bi ntr thn tho art; Iso ths Gnt ath 
 wndd me s wl s the, & ath Iso kt of / brd & wtr f mi mth; 
 & wth the I mrn w/- / It. B It us xrss a Itl mr ptns; rmbr 
 ho tho pldst / mn t Vnti Fr, & wst nthr afrd X chn, nr kj, 
 nr yt \ bldi dth. Wrfr It us (t 1st t avd / shm, t bkms nt 
 a Krstn t b fnd n) br p wth ptns s wl s we kn. 
 
 448303
 
 14 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 
 
 Nvv, nt t>s km agn, & / Gnt cS; is wf b* n bd, sh skd im 
 k-srns / prsnrs, & f tha ad tkn is knsl. T vv e rpld, Tha r 
 strdi rgs, tha chs rthr t br 1 ardP, thn t mk a\vawth thmslvs. 
 Thn sd sh, Tk thm nto / ksl yrd t/m, & sho thm / bns & 
 skis \ ths t tho ast Irdi d-pchd, cS: mk thm blv, er a \vk kms 
 t n end, tho Iso wit tr thm n pss, s tho ast dn thr flos bfr thm. 
 
 So vvn / mrns vvs km, / Gnt gos t thm agn, & tks thm 
 nto / ksl yrd, & shos thm, s is wf ad bdn im. Ths, sed e, 
 wr plgrms, s u r. ons, & tha trspsd n mi grnds, s u h dn; & 
 wn I tht ft, I tr thm n pss, & so, wthn tn das, I wl d u. Go, 
 gt u dn t y dn agn; & wth t e bt thm 1 / wa ththr. Pha 
 la, thrfr, 1 da n Strdas n a Imnt 1 ks, s bfr. Nvv, wn nt \vs 
 km, & wn Mrs. Dfdns & er usbnd, / Gnt, wr gt t bd, tha 
 bgn to rnu thr d-krs \ thr prsnrs, & wthl / old Gnt wndrd 
 t e kd nthr b is bios nr is knsl br thm t n end. & wth t is 
 wf rpld, I fr, sd sh, t tha Iv n op t sm wl km t rlv thm, r t 
 tha h pklks abt thm, b / mns \ w tha op t skp. & sast 
 tho so, mi dr? sd / Gnt; I wl thrfr srch thm n / mrn. 
 
 Wl, n Strda, abt mdnt, tha bgn t pra, & k-tnd n prr tl 
 Imst brk \ da. 
 
 Nvv, a 111 bfr t'ws da, gd Krstn, s on hf amsd, brk ot n 
 ths psnat spch: Wt a fl, qth e, m I, ths t li n a stnke dngn 
 wn I ma s wl wlk t Ibrti ! I h a ke n mi bsm, kid P-ms; t 
 wl, I m prsdd, opn ani Ik n Dt* Ksl. Thn sd Hpfl, T s gd 
 nus, gd brthr; plk t ot \ thi bsm & tri. 
 
 Then Krstn pld t ot \ is bsm, & bgn t tri t / dngn dr, 
 ws bit (s e trnd / ke) gv bk, & / dr flu opn wth es, & 
 Krstn & Hpfl bth km ot. Thn e wnt t / ot d dr t Ids nto / 
 ksl yrd, & wth is ke opnd t dr Iso. A e wnt t / irn gt, fr 
 t mst b opnd to; b t Ik wnt dmn 1 ard, yt / ke dd opn t. 
 Thn tha thrst opn / gt t mk thr skp wth spd, b t gt, s t 
 opnd, md sch a krk?, t t wkd Gnt Dspr, wo, astli ris? t prsu 
 is prsnrs, flt is 1ms t fl, fr is fts tk im agn, so t e kd bi no 
 mns go a thm. Thn tha wnt n, & km t / Kng's iwa, & so 
 wr sf, bks tha wr ot \ is jrsdk".
 
 ABBREVIATED LONGHAND. 15 
 
 Nw, wn tha wr gn ovr / stl, tha bgn t k-trv wth thmslvs 
 wt tha shd d t t stl, t p-vnt ths t shd km a, f fi nto / ands 
 \ Gnt Dspr. So tha k-sntd t erkt thr a plr, & t ngrv pn / 
 sd thrf ths sntns " Ovr ths stl s / wa t Dt& Ksl, w s kpt 
 b Gnt Dspr, wo d-psth / Kng X Slstl Kntri, & sks t d-tro 
 is oli plgrms." Mni, thrfr, t flod a, rd wt ws rtn, & skpd / 
 dngr. Ths dn, tha sng s flos: 
 
 Ot X wa w wnt & thn w fnd 
 Wt 'tws t trd pn f-bdn grnd; 
 & It thm t km a h a kr, 
 Lst edls 9 inks thm, s w to fr. 
 Lst tha fr trsps* is prsnrs r, 
 Wo's ksls Dt, & wo's nm's Dspr. 
 
 VERBATIM REPORTING! 
 
 Lengthy instructions as to what words are to be written, 
 and what not, would be superfluous. Nothing further is 
 needed than the general rule that all words not affecting 
 the sense of the sentences should be omitted; and a short 
 example will be found of more service than all the precept 
 in the world. 
 
 In the following, the words printed in italics can be 
 safely omitted, and, if necessary, many others. It is, how- 
 ever, always advisable to be as full as possible. 
 
 Now, Giant Despair had a wife, and tier name was Diffi- 
 dence. So, when he was gone to bed, he told his wife what 
 he had done; to wit, that he had taken a couple 0/~ prisoners, 
 and cast them into his dungeon, for trespassing on his 
 grounds. Then he asked her also what he had best to do 
 further to them. So she asked him what they were, whence 
 they came, and whither they were bound; and he told her. 
 Then she counselled him that, when he arose in the morn- 
 ing, he should beat them without any mercy.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 Form L9-50n-ll,'50 (2554)444
 
 mm\\\ 
 
 Z56 Ritchie - 
 R51a Abbreviated 
 
 1885 
 
 A 000 573 630 1