ml? 
 
GIFT OF 
 
 TM 
 
Contents 
 
 1 Memorial showin* the wants of the University. 1\ 
 
 1875. 
 
 2 game . 1875 1876. 
 
 5 teMe. 1877-78. 
 
 3a Report of the Regents to the Constitutional com 
 
 4 Report of Commission to examine im,c and report 
 condition of certain funds, etc. in relation i 
 State university, 1879. 
 
 6 Memo if rial of the Regents on the wants of the Uni 
 
 6 Same. Feb. 3, 1880. 
 
 7 Memorial to Congress (regarding investment of me 
 
 derived from sale of lands donated by Congresi 
 28, 1882. 
 
 8 Report of Law committee" of t v e Regents on the ac 
 
 Congress of July 2, 1862. 
 
 9 University of Califo nia rneedel . an.l, 1885. 
 
 10 Senate bill No. 49. Jan 18. 1887. A n act to pro\ 
 
 for the permanent support of t w e University. 
 
 11 Reasons for suprortinr bill to provide for the p 
 
 inent support of the University. Jan. 1887. 
 
 12 Communication rerardin^ fundt for Experiment sta 
 
 Dec. 6, 1887. 
 
 13 Recort of the speoipl com ittee on the Worrill c 
 
 aid act. tfar. 1891. 
 
 
 
 14 Appeal to t^e Alumni of the University by a COITIT 
 
 on legislation ap-ointed by the Regents to arc 
 interest in securing; funds for t v e University. 
 25, 1894. 
 
 1?' '' 887 f r 
 
 18 Report of Conmittee on ways and iieans. May 20, 1 
 
 19 Report on establishment of fee for incidentals. r 
 
tl?e Board of I^epts of 
 Upiv^rsity of Qalifori)ia 
 
 Report of <?o(nA)itt<^ 09 
 
 U/ays apd /T\eai}8. 
 (T\ay 20, 1896. 
 
 

 
 Report of Committee on Ways and 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, May 2Oth, 1896. 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Regents of the University 
 of California : 
 
 The present financial straits of the University of Cali- 
 fornia could hardly be indicated more clearly and strongly 
 than by the creation of the Committee which makes this 
 report. Despite an administration of the finances of the 
 University, during the last twenty-seven years, which is 
 almost unparalleled for its excellence, an administration 
 which has carefully considered and critically checked 
 every expenditure and which may boast justly of the 
 fact that not a single dollar of the University's funds has 
 been lost by any investment during that long period, and 
 despite the time and care and thought and attention given 
 to the University's finances for years, by many, if not all 
 of the members of this body, whose success in life is a 
 guarantee of ability to overcome such difficulties as the 
 University now faces, this Board has found the financial 
 situation so grave and so pressing as to call for the crea- 
 tion, for the first time in the history of the University, of 
 a Ways and Means Committee, to specially consider and 
 report upon the financial outlook of the State University. 
 
 Apparently the only alternative which now presents 
 itself is, that either a considerable deficit in the Uni- 
 versity's funds must be created, a course never before 
 
taken, or the actual teaching 'force at the University 
 must be curtailed. In other words, the Regents, as 
 trustees, must expend more than the income of the trust 
 fund, or there must be a restriction in the number of the 
 beneficiaries of that fund, which was created solely to 
 give to the largest possible number of such beneficiaries 
 the benefits of a higher education. 
 
 As the Committee on Internal Administration well 
 say: " Last year we cut many lines of work short, denied 
 well-earned salaries, none of which are too high and many 
 of which are too low." Some instructors are rendering 
 efficient service for the wages of a cash boy. There are 
 no useless or high salaried professors, and hardly one who 
 could not better his condition financially by leaving us, 
 and hardly one whose University duties do not require 
 his attention for more hours than the common laborer 
 works. There is no money to care for the grounds of the 
 University at Berkeley, and its buildings have been 
 unpainted for several years. Professors threaten to leave 
 us to accept more lucrative offers while the many money 
 injustices to the professors and teachers, necessarily re- 
 sulting from our limited means, must destroy the morale 
 and effectiveness of the teaching force. With no money 
 for lighting the grounds or library, and a student roll 
 which overtaxes the physical accommodations, and the 
 time and energies of the teaching force at the University, 
 it is no wonder that the feeling is general that the youth 
 of the State are turned away from its highest institution 
 of learning to other colleges, where not only do we 
 believe they will receive a less excellent instruction, but 
 
they will lose that patriotism, love and pride for the 
 Slate of California which will result inevitably from their 
 additional obligation to their State as the donor to them 
 of the benefits of higher education. 
 
 It is with a thorough-going and keen appreciation ol 
 this situation and these alternatives, and in the spirit 
 thereby naturally engendered, that your Committee has 
 approached this subject, has taken the counsel and heard 
 the suggestions of the heads of some of the departments 
 of the University, the leading citizens of this State, and 
 many of the graduates of the University, and now files 
 this report upon the subject. 
 
 Briefly stated, the condition we are called upon to con- 
 sider is this: There will be an excess of expenditures 
 over the income of the University of California, on the 
 first day of July of this year, of about thirteen thousand 
 (13,000) dollars and the requirements for the coming 
 year will be considerably greater than for the past twelve 
 months, while the income of the University will almost 
 certainly be no greater during the next year, and may be 
 less. The University is growing far more rapidly than 
 could have been anticipated, reasonably, at the time when 
 its financial provisions were made, and the demands upon 
 such finances have already far outstripped and probably 
 will constantly and still further exceed the financial pro- 
 visions made. 
 
 The budget for the year, from July ist, 1896, to July 
 ist, 1897, must now be made up. We are face to face 
 with the question of either leaving the deficit which now 
 exists, arid increasing it probably with each succeeding 
 
year, or of taking steps now to, check further enlarge- 
 ment and spread of the University and consequently 
 limiting the benefits and advantages derived from a higher 
 education of the youth of both sexes of this State. 
 
 Under these circumstances the problem submitted to 
 the attention of this Committee is not merely the present 
 deficit, but the probability, almost certainty, of a largely 
 and constantly increasing deficit in the years to come, 
 and it seems to us, therefore, that in any attempt to meet 
 the present imminent requirements of the University, 
 care must be had that our action shall not only not pre - 
 judice, but shall regard the University's welfare in the 
 many years to come. 
 
 For these reasons, while your Committee makes seve- 
 ral recommendations on minor matters, and has investi- 
 gated numerous subjects which may be brought to the 
 attention of this Board, verbally, all of which will tend to 
 reduce the expenses of the University in a slight degree, 
 we have deemed it due to the great importance of the 
 subject of the present and future finances of the Univer- 
 sity to regard this matter broadly in so far as the limited 
 time accorded us by this Board has permitted. 
 
 In reference to the present deficit, estimated at thir- 
 teen thousand dollars, it will be agreed on all sides that 
 it is most desirable, so far as consistent with carrying out 
 the purposes of any trust, that trustees should keep the 
 expenditures within the income of the trust fund, and as 
 this has not been possible in regard to the University's 
 funds this year, despite the extraordinary and able efforts 
 of the gentlemen who have so carefully conducted the 
 
finances of this University, we will first consider what 
 means should be taken, if any, to repay or provide for 
 the present deficit. The sources of relief are, either, 
 (a) a legislative appropriation; (b] donations by private 
 individuals; (c) loans from private individuals, the repay- 
 ment of which might be anticipated from the appropria- 
 tion by the next Legislature; (d) a tax, under some name, 
 on such of the students of the University as could well 
 afford to pay the same. 
 
 Your committee has carefully considered and canvassed 
 all of these propositions. 
 
 As the Legislature does not meet until next January, 
 this source of relief is denied us at the present time. We 
 have reached the conclusion and feel assured that relief 
 from the present deficit cannot be had by either private 
 donations or by a loan from individuals, even though its 
 repayment would probably be made by a legislative appro- 
 priation next year; and so far as concerns the students we 
 consider that it would be unwise and ill advised to tide 
 over the present emergency by a tax of any kind, or 
 under any name, on any student of the University of 
 California. 
 
 We take up this last branch first, and we beg to say, at 
 the outset, that it is a most significant fact, that the sup- 
 porters, in this Board, of the plan of taxing the students to 
 meet the present deficiency, admit that they do so with 
 the utmost reluctance, and only as a last resort. In other 
 words, that while their sentiments and feelings least in- 
 cline them to this course, it seems to them the only way 
 out of the difficulty. We believe there is at least one 
 
method which will prove upon comparison with this, both 
 more grateful to our feelings and more consonant with 
 the welfare of the University one which will recommend 
 itself more strongly to both our hearts and minds ; and at 
 the same time we beg to point out to those who feel 
 constrained to advocate a tax on some of the students to 
 provide for the present deficit, that such tax must neces- 
 sarily constantly increase, as the future prosperity of the 
 University requires greater and greater outlays, unless 
 the Legislature or the generosity of private individuals 
 relieves the situation ; and should this relief so come, and 
 it is both probable and near at hand, there will have been 
 two classes of students, those in the past who have not 
 paid, and those now who have, and the present students 
 of the University of California, unless repaid this tem- 
 porary exaction on them, would forever preclude the 
 statement, which is at once a just and proud claim of 
 this State, that the higher education was furnished, is 
 furnished, and will be furnished by the State of Califor 
 nia, to every seeker, absolutely without cost. 
 
 It may be a source of suggestion to us, moreover, 
 though it was not intended to influence our action, that 
 at the last meeting of the Alumni Association of this 
 University, a resolution was passed by that body unani- 
 mously against placing any such tax upon any student in 
 the University, and we beg to add that in our interviews 
 on this subject with several of the leading citizens of this 
 State, not graduates of any University, they have unani- 
 mously opposed such a tax. And it would seem to us, 
 as it has been suggested to us. that such tax should not 
 
be placed upon the students of the University, at least, 
 until the representatives of the people, with a full know- 
 ledge of the situation, have denied other provisions for 
 the education of the youth of this State, and have made 
 such a tax a last resort; and as a final answer to this ques- 
 tion the Governor of the State has pointed out the fact 
 that the law prohibits our making any such exaction on 
 the students. 
 
 In reference to donations by private individuals to pay 
 this deficit, we beg to say that we have interviewed a 
 number of the citizens of this State, whose generosity on 
 all occasions has been equalled only by their sincere and 
 hearty interest in the welfare of the State University, 
 and assuming that the position taken by Mr. Louis Sloss, 
 one of the most conspicuous of such gentlemen, would 
 fairly typify the attitude of other citizens who might be 
 able to aid in this emergency, we have come to the con- 
 clusion that we should be unable to obtain sufficient 
 donations to pay the present deficiency. It would not 
 further the desired end to state the reasons given by 
 those whom we have approached on this subject, and to 
 whom we have submitted also the second proposition, 
 that they should advance sufficient money to pay this, 
 deficiency, upon a promise of the Board of Regents that 
 the next Legislature would repay, in all probability, 
 the amounts thus borrowed, and we must report that 
 we do not believe this method feasible; for. as has 
 been well stated to us, the Legislature will either ap- 
 propriate the necessary moneys or it will not. If it 
 should not do so, the Board of Regents would be placed 
 
8 
 
 in an embarrassing position, and a considerable number of 
 the leading citizens of this State might have cause of 
 grievance, which might possibly be visited upon the 
 University ; and if the Legislature does make the appro- 
 priation, these gentlemen say that there is no reason why 
 the University should not go into debt, with a practical 
 certainty that such debt will be cancelled within less than 
 a year. 
 
 The suggestions made by those whom we have ap- 
 proached with these various propositions and the counsel 
 of the heads of some of the departments and the older 
 graduates of the University of California, with all of 
 whom we have gone into this subject somewhat exten- 
 sively, lead us to the conclusion which we now beg to 
 submit to the Board, and that is that the best way out of 
 the University ' s present and prospective indebtedness is 
 so to conduct the affairs of the University as to minister 
 to its highest and best welfare, and to the fullest interests 
 of the State, which depend upon it; and at any rate, and 
 in no event, to curtail the University in any of its powers, 
 purposes, or efficiency, and rather than this, to in- 
 crease the present deficiency if necessary. We believe, 
 in brief, that the worst way to right the University's 
 finances is to wrong the University. 
 
 We cannot refrain from quoting in this behalf the 
 strong, and, to us, convincing language, so frequently used 
 by Regent Wallace, which we feel should deeply impress, 
 and if not control, at least guide us in our deliberations on 
 this question. As he so well puts it, "the question present- 
 ed to us always is, shall we have a surplus of students and 
 
a deficiency in our bank account, or shall we have a surplus 
 in our bank account, but a deficiency of students?" As- he 
 has said, the Board of Regents was organized to care- 
 fully and thoughtfully expend money in giving the best 
 possible education to the largest number of students. 
 We are created to make wise expenditures for that special 
 purpose, and it is for the State to meet any deficiency 
 which shall result in the proper carrying out of that end, 
 as we believe it will do, through the representatives of 
 the people, both cheerfully and liberally. We must face 
 the next Legislature with one of two propositions, either 
 a petty deficiency, necessarily incurred in carrying out 
 properly the purposes of the University, or an admission 
 that we have not carried out those purposes, but there is 
 a little less deficiency, and we believe, in the light of the 
 past liberality of the State toward the higher education, 
 that there is no reason to doubt as to which of these 
 courses we should take. 
 
 It must be borne in mind, as was well suggested 
 in our conferences, that this deficiency is not of our 
 making; it is due simply to the fact that the people 
 of the State, be it said to their credit and to the 
 credit of the University, have sent their sons and 
 daughters to the University in such numbers, that, there- 
 by, the expense of educating the youth of this State has 
 exceeded the provision made by the State for that ex- 
 press purpose, and we believe that no step whatever 
 should be taken to now meet this deficiency or the cer- 
 tain future deficiencies, and at least none that will restrict 
 in any way the powers and the purposes of the Univer- 
 
10 
 
 sity of California, until the representatives of the people, 
 assembled in the halls of the Legislature, shall determine 
 that in their judgment and in the interest of the people, 
 there should be such restriction; and we may add that we 
 are confident that upon a proper submission of the situa- 
 tion, the Legislature, in the best interests of this State, 
 will enlarge the facilities the State now offers, which 
 facilities are no longer adequate to the constantly in- 
 creasing demands of the people for higher education, and 
 will rise not only equal but superior to the present de- 
 mands of the University. Our reasons for this conclu- 
 sion, which we think should be controlling with this body, 
 as we believe they will be effective with the Legislature, 
 are as follows: 
 
 The provision made by the State of California for the 
 constantly increasing wants of the State University is 
 embodied in the Act of the Legislature of 1887, and con- 
 sists of a tax of one-tenth of a mill on the dollar. 
 
 At that time the number of students in the University 
 was 288, while now it is 1336. The provision then made 
 by the Legislature was considered just sufficient for the 
 then needs of the University, and it was anticipated that 
 the taxable wealth of the State would increase in just 
 about the proportion that the University would grow, 
 and thus meet and provide for the constantly increasing 
 demands of the University through the enlargement of 
 the number of its students. This expectation seemed 
 then to be well founded, and was justified by the growth 
 of the University for the succeeding four years, but 
 since the year 1891 the number of students at the Uni- 
 
II 
 
 versity, which was then 456, has increased to a degree as 
 remarkable as it is gratifying. 
 
 Within the last five years the number of students at 
 the State University at Berkeley has trebled, and is at the 
 present writing, one thousand three hundred and thirty- 
 six, while in the entire University, including its affiliated 
 colleges, the number is two thousand and forty -seven, 
 while the indications are that the next Freshman class 
 will outnumber all before it. The income of the Univer- 
 sity from this Act, however, so far from doubling, has 
 increased only an insignificant amount within the last five 
 years, and is actually less in 1895 than in 1894 or 1893. 
 
 Under these circumstances alone, it is but reasonable 
 to believe that the next Legislature will take such steps 
 as will 'be commensurate with the power, the pride and 
 and the dignity of a sovereign State, when it realizes that 
 the provision for the support of the University made by 
 the Legislature in 1887 is entirely inadequate to the pres- 
 ent quadrupled demands of the University, and still less 
 adequate to maintain that constantly increasing prosperity 
 of the State's highest institution of learning, which is a 
 just source of State pride, and an essential condition of 
 State dignity and prosperity. 
 
 This State is marked and noted for a liberality commen- 
 surate with her extensive domain and the richness and 
 variety of the products of her soil, and were it for no 
 other reason than to maintain the reputation she now has 
 throughout the Union, in this particular regard, we be- 
 lieve the representatives of her people at the next Legis- 
 
12 
 
 iature will make the provision necessitated by the 
 University's unexampled prosperity. 
 
 And as a spur and stimulus to such action, though 
 none will be needed, we can point to the State of Mis- 
 souri, which gave to its University in 1891, nearly one 
 million dollars, and in 1893, nearly three hundred thou- 
 sand dollars; to the State of Wisconsin, which has given 
 to its University one million two hundred thousand dol- 
 lars, which grants it a permanent tax of one-eighth of a 
 mill on the dollar, and in addition, for six years, one-tenth 
 of a mill for buildings, and in addition one per cent of the 
 railroad license tax which yields more than ten thousand 
 dollars per annum, and further specific appropriations of 
 recent date amounting to one hundred and ten thousand 
 dollars; to the State of Michigan, which gives its Uni- 
 versity a tax of one-sixth of a mill on the dollar, nearly 
 double our rate; to the State of Minnesota, which gives 
 its University three-twentieths of a mill on the dollar, one 
 and one half times as much as our rate; to the State of 
 Nebraska, which gives nearly four times as much as our 
 rate; to the State of Indiana, which gives one-half of a 
 mill for thirteen years, for endowment, five times the 
 amount of our present rate. 
 
 These facts we believe will not only justify but move the 
 State of California to take such steps that this State shall 
 not suffer by an invidious comparison with any other State 
 in this Union; and we feel sure that the regard for higher 
 education in this State will so actuate members of the 
 next Legislature that such education shall not be denied 
 
13 
 
 by this State to any seeker of either sex or from any 
 place. 
 
 Our demand for such increased revenues for the 
 University is but a corollary of the people's own action. 
 Had the people been content, within the last four years, 
 to send no more of their sons and daughters to the Uni- 
 versity than were sent at the time the State made its 
 appropriation for their education, we should not now be 
 confronted with this deficiency. But as those people 
 have concluded to send to the University more than 
 quadruple the numbers of 1887, we are justified in believ- 
 ing that their action means that provision shall be made 
 by the Legislature and is demanded by the people for the 
 education of this enlarged and constantly increasing num- 
 ber. 
 
 We think we understand and appreciate the senti- 
 ment in this body, that the University's expenditures 
 shall be restricted to the University's income, but we 
 also believe that a truer construction of our duty requires 
 that the purposes of the trust should \*t paramount, and 
 as the people's action has enlarged those purposes beyond 
 the provisions heretofore made to carry them out, we 
 believe that those who have made the expense are will- 
 ing to foot the bill. 
 
 Even those who are most conservative in this re- 
 gard admit that there are some circumstances under 
 which a deficiency would not only be justifiable, but 
 would be demanded by every motive which should 
 appeal to trustees in the carrying out of their trust. 
 It is readily recognized and freely admitted that if 
 
H 
 
 any of the buildings of the> University, should burn 
 down, a deficiency would have to be made in order that 
 the students should be housed, but it should be, as it 
 seems to us it will be, just as apparent, that whether the 
 1 ack of accommodations be due to such a misfortune as 
 fire or whether it be due to a corresponding good fortune, 
 such as a remarkable increase in the number of students, 
 the reason for making such deficiency, that is, the lack 
 of accommodations, would apply in one case precisely as 
 in the other, and so with reference to a deficiency in any 
 other regard, or for any other purpose vital to the pro- 
 per administration of the trust. 
 
 The question is not whether we should have a defi- 
 ciency. The deficiency already exists, and, like the poor, 
 with our present rate, it bids fair to be with us always; 
 the question is simply shall that deficiency be $ 13,000 or 
 $20,000 this year. 
 
 Moreover, such deficiency is the only measure by 
 which can be determined the exact amount which should 
 be devoted by the Legislature for University purposes; 
 in other words, the deficiency is simply the exact measure 
 of the University's increased requirements. If those 
 purposes be prevented or hindered by an attempt to 
 keep the expenditures within the income, there never 
 will be any method of determining exactly what amount 
 is required for the highest efficiency of the University. 
 But if the purposes of the University be carried out, 
 thoroughly and well, every expenditure being thought- 
 fully and cautiously made, the amount of the deficiency 
 at the expiration of any year will mark exactly what the 
 
Legislature should appropriate in order that the Univer- 
 sity may best subserve the ends for which it was created. 
 
 So far as concerns the deficit this year, or any future 
 deficit, until the next Legislature meets, our position will 
 certainly be justified by the extraordinary demands, which 
 have been made upon the finances of the University, de- 
 mands which were not provided for because they could 
 not reasonably have been expected; demands which 
 would not exist in the ordinary and usual growth of an 
 University. 
 
 And believing that our position is well justified by the 
 situation, and that the deficiency which now exists needs 
 no excuse, except perhaps that it might well have been 
 greater, and believing that there has been no time in the 
 h istory of the University more fitting to increase that 
 deficiency in order to aid not only the final and 
 greater prosperity of the University, but also two 
 great industries, upon which the prosperity of the State 
 so largely depends, mining and agriculture, the further- 
 ance of both of which was within the purview of the 
 founders and should be within the duties of the State 
 University, we make the following suggestions. 
 
 We wish to say, at the outset, to avoid any miscon- 
 struction or misunderstan ding of our ideas, that we ear- 
 nestly desire and sincerely expect that our recommenda- 
 tion will add to the dignity, increase the influence and 
 enlarge the scope of the literary, classical and scholastic 
 sides of the University, and we reiterate this with all the 
 emphasis in our power. 
 
 But we must not forget, on the other hand, that the 
 
i6 
 
 Act of Congress which founded this State University in 
 July, 1862, as one of a system of State Universities, 
 throughout the Union, expressly declared that the en- 
 dowment was " for the support of at least one college 
 where the leading object should be, without excluding 
 other scientific and classical studies, and including military 
 tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related 
 to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such a manner 
 as the Legislatures of the States may respectively pre- 
 scribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical edu- 
 cation of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and 
 professions in life." 
 
 The conditions of this endowment are that military in- 
 struction should be given, and that one of the leading 
 subjects taught at these State Universities should be 
 agriculture, thus safeguarding the existence of the 
 Nation in time of war, and guaranteeing, in time of peace, 
 a manifold material return to the people of the State, 
 through a knowledge which would increase the value, 
 variety and amount of the products of the soil. 
 
 The endowment thus tendered and accepted by us 
 makes it the duty of this Board to see that the Mining 
 and Agricultural Departments of the State University 
 should be so conducted as to minister to the material wel- 
 fare of the State in these two great sources of her wealth. 
 And the recent action of our State Legislature in turn- 
 ing over to the University the Bureaus of Viticulture and 
 Forestry has plainly indicated this to be the strong desire 
 of the people of the State, a desire thoroughly appre- 
 ciated by the President of this Board, who has done 
 
17 
 
 more, perhaps, than any other person to bring about this 
 proper relation between the State and the State Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 While we may admit that this Board has appreciated 
 this entire matter, it must be as freely admitted that by 
 reason of the straitened conditions of the University's 
 finances during the last five years the Mining and Agri- 
 cultural Departments of the University have received 
 neither the share of attention nor the amounts of money 
 we all should have desired. 
 
 Without making any invidious distinction, we feel that 
 we shall not be unjust by delaying, for, we hope, but a 
 brief period, the consideration we believe will soon be 
 accorded to the great mining interests of our State, and 
 calling your attention to the more pressing wants of the 
 agricultural interests. 
 
 Our reasons for so doing are, that agriculture is 
 specially mentioned as one of the leading subjects to be 
 taught at the State University ; that the scientific knowl- 
 edge essential to the success and prosperity of agricul- 
 ture is better known, may be more easily and quickly 
 applied and with more immediate and more certain bene- 
 ficial results, and because the present great depression in 
 the agricultural interests of this State makes our attention 
 to that commanding factor of our State prosperity a more 
 pressing and perhaps a more vital duty. 
 
 We by no means forget the splendid but limited work 
 of the Department of Agriculture in the State Univer- 
 sity, but a handful of men, however able and however 
 industrious, and the professors in that department are 
 
 
i8 
 
 both, cannot be, and should not be expected to exert the 
 prolific influence of their skill and learning throughout 
 a State whose boundaries are equaled only by the bounty 
 of Nature which has blessed almost every part of it with 
 a capacity and variety of soil products unequaled in any 
 other part of the globe. 
 
 The products of that soil in the year 1895 are roughly 
 estimated as follows: Wheat, $13,250,000; barley, #4,- 
 500,000; corn, oats and rye, $3,500,000; hay, $12,000,- 
 ooo; beans, $1^,500,000; potatoes, $750,000; onions, 
 $250,000; green and dried fruits, raisins, wine and grapes, 
 citrus fruits, ripe and dried, $24,000,000; wine, $5,600,- 
 ooo; grape brandy, $2,000,000; hops, $1,350,000; sugar 
 beets, $2,000,000; all other products, say, $2,000,000; 
 making a total of, say, $72,000,000. 
 
 It is, we believe far within the truth to say that if the 
 present scientific intelligence and knowledge in regard to 
 agricultural matters were generally applied throughout 
 this State, an increase in the above values of at least five 
 per cent would result, which would mean a saving to the 
 State of over ten times the total expenses of the entire 
 University; while an enormous additional saving to the 
 State could be made by preventing the waste and loss 
 of time, energy and money in vainly attempting to raise 
 products in a way, or upon soils so unfitted to success, 
 that failure is inevitable. 
 
 And though we believe we recognize fully the para- 
 mount advantages of a great University in the broader 
 and loftier life which is a natural result of the higher 
 education of the citizen, we should not forget that in the 
 
19 
 
 wisdom of the Republic which founded these State 
 Universities, one purpose was never lost sight of by her 
 Statesmen, and should not be by us, and that was: " To 
 promote the liberal and practical education of the indus- 
 trial classes in the several pursuits and professions in 
 life" a duty we have fulfilled well for the professions in 
 the affiliated colleges of the University in Law, Medicine, 
 Dentistry, and Pharmacy, and which we believe can be, 
 and should be more fully carried out for Mining and Agri- 
 culture. 
 
 To accomplish these purposes, which have been en- 
 joined on us as duties, we would suggest that the State 
 should be divided as soon as possible, into proper districts, 
 and that there should be sent into those districts, im- 
 mediately, authoritative representatives of the University, 
 who should, at stated times and places, of which ample 
 notice should be given, meet those citizens who are 
 engaged in fruit or vine culture, in general farm- 
 ing or in dairying or in stock-raising, and then and there 
 avow to them the desire and the duty of the Univer- 
 sity of California to have a more thorough understand- 
 ing of the requirements and wishes of the citizens en- 
 gaged in such pursuits, and the powers, the purposes and 
 the means of the State University, in that behalf, all with 
 the view of increasing the variety, value and amount of 
 the products of our soil. In other words we hope that 
 just as the University has done much for education, by 
 its visitation of all the schools in the State, so the 
 University, through its agricultural department, will do 
 
20 
 
 equally well if not better, for the material interests 
 of the State, by a similar system of visitation. 
 
 We have been waited on by Professor Hilgard, the 
 head of the Agricultural Department of the University, 
 and he has stated to us that his department, without in- 
 jury to it, though with greater demand on its time, can 
 have fifty meetings throughout the State at widely 
 separated places within the next six months, with those 
 engaged in the various occupations dependent upon the 
 soil, and we have ascertained that this can be done at a 
 cost not to exceed thirty-five hundred dollars, and we be- 
 lieve that such money would be expended not only wisely 
 and well, not only in the interests of the State, but in the 
 fullest and largest sense in the interests of the State 
 University, and without any doubts or misgivings we 
 unanimously recommend the necessary expenditure not 
 to exceed thirty-five hundred dollars for the accomplish- 
 ment of the above purposes. 
 
 Not only this, but inasmuch as those dependent on that 
 soil, by reason of their isolated situation, are frequently, 
 if not usually, unfamiliar with the markets of the world 
 for their products, the State University should afford 
 frequent and timely and accurate knowledge of these 
 markets and the means whereby they can be reached, 
 that not only should the producer obtain the largest and 
 most lucrative yield, but receive the greatest possible re- 
 turn from the disposition of his products. Yes, and 
 more than this, and in the years to come, perhaps as im- 
 portant as this, the State University should maintain in 
 its Agricultural Department, a meteorological bureau, as 
 
21 
 
 the other great countries are already doing, which should 
 give for the benefit of those depending upon the soil, 
 forecasts, not of the day or of the morrow, but with a 
 much broader observation, looking over the data for all 
 past years, forecasts for the farmer of the seasons to 
 come, and through our experimental stations, give timely 
 warning of the frost and the dew; matters not beyond 
 our own times, nor even perhaps our own day, when a 
 cable to Honolulu and meteorological stations there, and 
 at the Aleutian Islands, shall furnish us data with which 
 such seasons forecasts can be made with reasonable ac- 
 curacy. 
 
 We are well aware that the foregoing report may be 
 deemed somewhat larger in its scope than might be con- 
 sidered by some to be within the purview or the duty of 
 a Committee on Ways and Means; and were the only ques- 
 tion before us or before this honorable body, the mere 
 deficiency for this year, we might have less excuse 
 for both the length and the breadth of this report; 
 but we cannot feel, and we hope this body will not, 
 that such is the small and narrow question to which 
 we have been asked to give answer. We feel, as we 
 believe this Board must, if it consider the matter 
 thoughtfully, that it is the existence and conduct of 
 the future, rather than the present University which 
 we and you are called on to consider; and as the 
 Board has just taken action, looking to buildings of 
 the State University for a distant future, so we and the 
 Board may well regard the University's condition when 
 it has risen to dignity, power and purpose commensurate 
 
22 
 
 with the pride, the glory and the ends of a great and 
 sovereign State; and in this view and on this plane, a Com- 
 mittee on Ways and Means for the conduct of such an 
 University would fail utterly in its duty were it to pass 
 over a means whereby an institution of learning, depend- 
 ent almost entirely on the good will of the people, 
 could bind those people to it with a bond of material in- 
 terest, and by the fealty which would spring from the fact 
 that that institution had sent forth a tendril of thoughtful, 
 helpful and affectionate regard to every acre of soil 
 within the State. 
 
 And let us not think that the material welfare of that 
 State is a matter to be despised by us as the controllers 
 of the course and conduct of the State's highest institu- 
 tion of learning. There are already murmurings that the 
 higher education should be neither so costly nor of so 
 little use, especially where primary education is still far 
 from complete ; that too many graduates from the Univer- 
 sity swell the overcrowded professions, and too few of 
 them are willing or able to enter the lower fields of labor; 
 that the State should receive an adequate return for its 
 expenditure for the higher education, in the increased 
 usefulness of the graduates and the greater value of the 
 material resources of the State. 
 
 Well has it been said that he is no mean benefactor 
 who causes two blades of grass to grow where but one 
 grew before, and in the rounded out harmony and pur- 
 poses of a great University there is room for both those 
 twin results of the highest civilization, use as well as 
 beauty. 
 
23 
 
 Let us look at the University of California and teach her 
 faculties, graduates, students and the people of the State 
 to view her, not only in her buildings at Berkeley the 
 visible signs of her existence, but in her regard for the 
 intellectual and material welfare of the State, as a lofty, 
 worthy, integral and important part of the State, and 
 when the University once assumes this attitude, there 
 will be no danger that the State will permit so prominent 
 and so noble a part of her organization to suffer. 
 
 Let us recognize also, keenly and deeply, that only by 
 a unanimity of opinion on this subject will we be best able 
 to convince those who have given to the University of 
 this State less attention than our duty compels us to 
 give, that the course we may adopt is clear to us as vital 
 to the success and the prosperity of the University of 
 California, and, through the fullest and highest fulfillment 
 of her purposes, to the State of California. 
 
 As the result of our labor we earnestly recommend the 
 appropriation of the sum of thirty-five hundred dollars 
 for the payment of the cost of holding fifty meetings 
 throughout the State of those engaged in occupations 
 dependent on the soil, at which the proper representa- 
 tives of the University shall explain and amplify the fore- 
 going views. 
 
 J. B. REINSTEIN, 
 SAMUEL 'T. BLACK, 
 ARTHUR RODGERS. 
 Committee on Ways and Means* 
 

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 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY