ai^D HADLEY QUARTER MILLENNIAL i 9 O 9 VfA*eo f\. \,i)^jU^ — «;<^ (fiuu^y^^UU. Hc^^lJUj /*/««.<»-«- OLD HADLEY QUARTER MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION THE Celebration Committee, in asking me to edit this book, turned over a very voluminous mass of material. It has been impossible to use all this ma- terial within the limits of the space that financial reasons made necessary. I think, however, nothing essential has been omit- ted; and in the condensation, for which I am solely responsible, I believe I have retained a reasonably complete view of what was done and a fairly well-rounded record of what was said. For the descrip- tions of the daily proceedings and for cer- tain of the addresses where the original manuscripts were not to be obtained, we are indebted to the admirable reports of the Springfield Republican. Clifton 'Johnson. ^ Cn OLD HADLEY QUARTER MILLENNIAL CELEBRATION 1909 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY — August 1-2-3 and 4 The Story of the Four Days with the Various Addresses and Numerous Illustrations THE F. A. BASSETTE COMPANY', Printers SPRINGFIELD, MASS. THE PROGRAM SUNDAY— MEMORIAL DAY 10:30 A. M. Anniversary sermons in all churches in Hadley and in daughter towTis, all using the same text: — "Other men la- bored and ye are entered into their labors." John 4:38. Solemn High Mass celebrated in St. John's Church. 10:45 A. M. Special service followed by Holy Communion in First Congregational Church. Special service at the North Hadley Church followed by Memo- rial Service in the cemetery. 4:00 P. M. Commemoration Service, in tent on West Street. J. R. Callahan, Esq., Presiding Officer. Selection by orchestra. Invocation. Anthem. "God of the Hills." Music composed for this occasion by Prof. R. E. Olmstead, words written by Miss Susan Wood bridge for the bi-centennial celebration. Hymn. Words and music by Clarence Hawkes. Congregation standing. Chorus. Gounod's Sanctus. Address. Rev. Walter de Forest Johnson of Brooklyn. Chorus. " Holy art thou," Han- del's Largo. Address. Ex-Mayor Theobald M. Connor of Northampton. Chorus. "The Heavens are Telling," Haydn's Creation. Benediction. 7:30 P. M. First Congrega- tional Church. Vesper Service and Organ Recital given by Ralph Brigham of the First Congrega- tional Church in Northampton. St. John's Church. Vespers. MONDAY — REUNION DAY Morning. Registration of visit- ors at headquarters in Town Hall. Historical Exhibit in the Center School Building, Art and Litera- ture Exhibits in the Public Library. Renewal of old acquaintances; views about town; pilgrimages to the cemetery; excursions to Mt. Holyoke, and to Mt. Tom and other places easily reached by electric cars. Noon. Family gatherings on sites of ancestral homes. Eastmans' headquarters at Mrs. George Clark's. Dickinsons' headquarters near H. R. and E. L. Cook's. Other groups scattered about town . 3:00 P. M. Joint Reunion in tent on West Street. Presiding Officer, Clarence B. Roote, Head- master of the Northampton High School. Tribute to Rev. John Russell. By Hon. George Sheldon of Deer- field. Story and exhibition of a chair belonging to the Russell household and used by the Regicides. Rev. A. N. Somers, Montague. Other addresses on topics of common interest. 7 :30 P. M. Historical address by Hon. ^L F. Dickinson at Amherst together with exercises in observance of the sesqui-cen- tennial of the separation of that town from Hadley. 7:30 P. M. Reception and Dance of Hopkins Academy Alum- ni in the Town Hall. All persons who ever attended Hopkins Acad- emy were invited. THE FROGR AM — C on tin ued TUESDAY— THIRD DAY 9:30 A. M. Firemen's Mus- ter. Hose races between Hatfield and Hadley companies. Various exhibits open. 2:30 P.M. Hopkins Academy observances. Flag Raising and Presentation by Classes of '8g and '95. Other Class Exercises. Address by Hon. J. C. Ham- mond, President of the Board of Trustees, accepting class gifts and dedicating building. Building opened for public in- spection. 4:00 P.M. Baseball game on new field between Academy and Alumni teams. 7:30 P. M. Patriotic Rally. Hon. R. W. Irwin of Northamp- ton, Chairman. Reception at which Posts of G. A. R., Chapters of S. A. R. and D. A. R., Camps of S. of V. and ladies' organizations associated with them were invited to meet the members of the Hooker Associa- tion of Massachusetts. Address by Judge Francis M. Thompson of Greenfield on Had- ley in the Colonial Wars. Address by Judge Henry Stock- bridge of Baltimore on Hadley in the Revolution. D. A. R. address by Mrs. James G. Dunning, State Regent. Address on behalf of Hooker Association by the Rev. A. St. John Chambre, D.D., Surgeon of 8th N. J. Infantry of Hooker's Division. WEDNESDAY— LAST DAY 9:30 A. M. Street Pageant. L. R. Smith, Chief Marshal. Division one: Floats depicting events in Hadley History. Division two: Floats contributed by daughter and sister towns. Division three: Ancient modes of travel. Division four: Hadley of today: societies and industries. Division five; Decorated car- riages. Division six: Decorated auto- mobiles. II :00 A. M. Anniversary ex- ercises. Presiding officer of the day, Judge Henry Stockbridge. Invocation. Address of welcome by O. W. Prouty, for the Selectmen. Greetings from the State of Massachusetts. Lieut.-Governor Louis A. Frothingham. Greetings from Hadleigh, Eng- land. Historical Address by President W. E. Huntington of Boston University. A Song of Hadley. Words by Mrs. Julia Taft Bayne. Music by Clifton Johnson. Poem. John Howard Jewett. 1 :00 P.M. Dinner. Concert by Stevens Band. 2 :30 P. M. Speeches in the tent by representatives of mother, sister and daughter towns and by other distinguished guests. OLD HADLEY QUARTER MILLENNIAL SUNDAY— MEMORIAL DAY OLD Hadley opened its 250th anniversary celebration with a fitting program in the presence of many thousands of friendly visitors and returning sons and daughters. The streets and the homesteads have been placed in their most attract- ive condition, and there has been tasteful and effective decora- tive treatment of the streets and public and private buildings. The chief points of decoration are at the four corners which mark the entrances to the town from the east and west. Between these points extends Russell Street, which is overhung with lines of flags and banners, that mingle with the abundant foliage of the thick-set rows of trees on either side, and present a striking effect of holiday welcome. Houses all along the line of march on Middle Street, North Lane and West Street have been appropriately decked for the occasion. No decorative treatment of the two wide streets of the old town could be attempted, or desired. West Street, known far and wide as the "Hadley broad street," is one of the most famous rural streets in the world for its width and the beauty of its great elms. This street will stand during the celebration, as at all times, as a chief attraction and glory of Old Hadley. Its width is 20 rods, and the astonishment of strangers may be imagined when they hear the street- car conductors calling both the east side and the west side of West Street. To alight on the wrong side of this street is quite a serious matter in the entailment of extra steps. West Street is the center of the celebration proceedings. The great celebration tent, having a capacity of 2500 people, has been erected in the midst of the green south of the junction with Russell Street, and above and below it have sprung up numerous smaller tents, which are used for the serving of refreshments, headquarters of various interests, and reunion points for several old Hadley families. 6 Old Hadley The influx of celebration visitors began early. There were crowds of curiosity seekers, besides the many who arrived from distant places to remain throughout the celebration. The morning services of the two churches were attended by audiences which over- flowed the historic First Church and St. John's Roman Catholic Church. In the former the pastor preached a sermon reviewing the early history of the church. In the latter high mass was celebrated by Rev. T. P. O'Connor of Northampton, and a sermon was preached by Rev. Charles L. O'Brien of St. Michael's Cathedral, Springfield, who took occasion to speak of the lesson of good citizen- ship called to mind by the celebration. Mrs. John R. Callahan had charge of the music. As the hour approached for the opening event in the celebra- tion tent, which was held at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the street railway line began to cope with an overwhelming rush. Cars were started from Northampton every 15 minutes, going as frequently as the turnouts would permit, and carried loads which overflowed on the running boards. Automobiles and carriages passed over the bridge in constant procession, and from Amherst and all the regions of Hadley there was a steady flow of visitors in every kind of vehicle. The meeting was a commemoration service, at which the historic glory of Hadley and New England was reviewed. The number in the tent was estimated at 2000, and hundreds of others heard the program from carriages and automobiles grouped about the tent. J. R. Callahan of Hadley presided, and the director of the music was Ralph H. Brigham of Northampton. The singing was by a large chorus of musicians from Hadley and the neighboring towns, numbering about 100, and the instrumental music was by an orchestra of 25 pieces, also drawn from Hadley and the vicinity towns. The first of the vocal numbers was a festival anthem, "God of the Hills." This anthem has attracted the attention of all musi- cians who have heard it, because of its beauty and harmony. The words were written by Miss Susan Woodbridge, daughter of Dr. Woodbridge, former pastor of the First Church in Hadley, and were used in connection with the 200th anniversary celebration of the town. They have been put to music for this occasion by Prof R. E. Olm- stead of Smith College. The hymn, "God of Our Fathers," the words and music of which were composed by Clarence Hawkes, the blind poet, followed the address of the presiding oflRcer. The chairman then announced a surprise number, which did not appear on the program and introduced Harold H. Wells of Lawrenceville, N. J. Mr. Wells said that it was his privilege to announce to the assemblage that his grandfather, William A. Baker of Lawrenceville, N. J., thereby presented to the First Church of The interior o/ the bii^ tent At the comer of West and Ritssell Streets 1 he day bejon Quarter Millennial 7 Hadley a clock to be placed in the tower of the edifice in memory of his wife, Mrs. Charlotte Reynolds Baker. Mrs. Baker was for many years a member of the Hadley First Church and had often expressed a desire to attend the 250th anniversary celebration, as she had attended the 200th anniversary celebration. But her depart- ure from this life had occurred last September. The announcement by Mr. Wells was received with enthusiasm, and Dr. F. H. Smith, chairman of the celebration committee, called for three cheers for the Hadley town clock, which were given with a will. The celebration is in the hands of a list of committees, which have been engaged in well-organized work for several months. The list follows : — Executive — Dr. F. H. Smith (chairman), E. S. Allen (secretary and treasurer), O. W. Prouty, R. M. Smith and James Byron. Genealogical — Mrs. R. L. Cook (chairman), Mrs. A. E. Cook, Mrs. Reuben Bell, Mrs. F. S. Reynolds. Invitation — Miss Agnes Ayres (chairman), Mrs. H. F. Cook, Miss Mary Callahan, Miss Bertha Montague, Miss Jennie Richardson. Street improvement — R. S. Gaylord, (chairman) James Byron, Edward Lyons, A. S. Searle, Frank Pelissier, James Pendergast, A. J. Randall, J. A. Crosier, Robert McQueston. Parade — Clarence Hawkes (chairman), A. C. Howe, G. Fred Pelissier, E. J. Aldrich, Franklin Heald, L. R. Smith, Mrs. E. S. Johnson, John Field, R. M. Smith, W. T. Ryan, Frank Pelissier. Press — Clifton Johnson (chairman), F. E. Heald. Art exhibit — Elbridge Kingsley (chairman). Hospitality — Mrs. Homer F. Cook (chairman). Miss Emily Aldrich, Miss Laura Cook, Miss Mary Gates, Lawrence Randall. Music — Homer F. Cook (chairman), J. Maxwell Clark, James Connelly, Miss Nellie Scanlon, A. S. Searle, Mrs. E. P. West, Mrs. William Phillips. Historical exhibit — Mrs. F. H. Smith (chairman), Mrs. R. M. Smith, Mrs. J. W. Clark, Miss Elizabeth Thayer, Mrs. C. P. Wood, Miss Jennie West, A. J. Randall, A. S. Doyle, Henry Cook, Emerson Searle. Official Photographer— J. M. Clark. HISTORICAL SERMON Preached tn the First Church by the pastor. Rev. Thomas A. Emerson Other men labored, and ye are entered into their labors. — John 4:38. Our fathers built this town and made it the unit of our political life as a state. We have been constructing a wonderful nation, and our commonwealth has had a large share in its up-building. 8 Old Hadley It is fortunate for our local history that it had such a student and antiquarian as Mr. Sylvester Judd; a man of fine intellectual power, of humor, of imagination, of tender sensibility to the influence of nature, and plentifully endowed with the habit of patient research and carefulness in details. We owe much also to the Rev. Rowland Ayres, who during forty years of labor for this people had the his- toric spirit deeply stirred within him. But, while we are thankful to these men for gathering this material, we ask now what is the essential and primary significance of the story of Hadley ^ What was it that made Hadley an important and large part of all that the state has meant to the world ? Let us consider the condition of affairs in Connecticut which led our fathers to leave their comfortable homes to establish a town and church in this wilderness. Two causes may be mentioned. The first concerns the rights of the minority in the First Church in Hartford. The question was as to the choice of a pastor. Meetings were held and the majority did not allow the candidate of the minor- ity to be voted for. Doubtless there were faults on each side. After a protracted season of strife, the minority withdrew and planned to come to Massachusetts. A second cause of removal is seen in the church in Wethersfield. A debate arose as to the Lord's Supper. The town or ecclesiastical society held that respectable persons not having any religious experience might partake of it, and secure bap- tism for their children. The pastor, Mr. Russell, and a large major- ity of the church opposed this view, holding that the sacrament was only for those who knew something of the redeeming love of God through Jesus Christ. The town adhered to their opinion, refused all material aid to the church and declared the pulpit vacant. As the General Court decided that there could not be a rival religious organization in that town, nothing remained but to leave; and so Rev. John Russell and eight members of the church started in May, 1659, on the journey to this place. In the course of that summer and the next spring the contingent from Hartford arrived. Here our early fathers contended for a full discussion, the rights of a minority and a pure church. Think now of the position of this new colony. There was no town north of us at the time of incorporation, and this was a frontier settlement for many years with all that it involved of anxiety and want and loneliness. It is a matter of some interest to note the average age of the set- tlers in 1659. John Russell was 32; Samuel Gardner, 44; Chiliab Smith, 24; Richard Montague, 45; Aaron Cook, 19; John Marsh, 39; Samuel l*orter, 30; Joseph Kellogg, 32. There were older men Quarter Millennial 9 such as Richard Goodman, 50, but the average age was 33 years and that is called the full vigor of early middle life. From the very first our fathers planned for worship. They met each Sunday in a private house and paid a tax for the maintenance of the minister. For the purpose of building a house for God com- mittees were appointed in 1661, the frame was raised, a little work was done each year, and in 1670 it was ready for use. It stood on the green in West Street near the north end. This meeting house was used for 44 years, when a second one was built. It was on the same street, placed on the spot where steam cars now pass daily. For 94 years the people worshipped in it. Then the third meeting house on West Street was dedicated. It was moved to this spot in 1840 and is one of the historic buildings of Massachusetts. Long may the people gather within its walls for worship, being helped on to God and righteousness! The first five ministers of the town were Russell, Chauncey, Williams, Hopkins and Woodbridge, whose pastorate extended to 1830. Of these, John Russell is the most widely known. He was born in England, and graduated at Harvard College, his rank being fourth in a class of seven. He was 22 years old when he began to preach at Wethersfield, spending ten fruitful years in that town. Then pastor and people came to Hadley where he labored till his death in 1692. As a pastor he was active and faithful. As a thinker he had strong convictions, and he was able to put his thoughts in sinewy English and make his points very clear. He was greatly honored by the State, being chosen to preach the Election Sermon before the Governor and General Court in 1665. What con- stancy, what fearlessness he manifested in making a home for the Regicides when a price was set on their heads, and his own life would have been forfeited if once the agents of the King got on his track! He was followed by Isaac Chauncey, who for fifty years "allured to brighter worlds and led the way." He was a graduate of Harvard College, in rank being first in a class of fifteen. At 25 he began his pastorate in Hadley and his long service continued to 1745. He is described as a good scholar, an orator of more than usual gifts, very earnest in the pulpit and accustomed to put pathos into sermons. Mr. Chauncey was a liberal theologian, and more than once he invited the distinguished orator from England, Rev. George \\ hite- field, to preach in Hadley. \\ e are told that the leading men in some near towns would not allow Whitefield to preach there, but many people came to Northampton and Hadley to hear him. He had a rich, magnificent voice of great compass, so that on the day in Octo- ber that he preached in Hadley, he was heard in Hatfield. 10 Old Hadley After Mr. Chauncey comes Chester Williams. He was a gradu- ate of Yale, 23 years old, plain in speech in the pulpit and in con- versation. But he was so earnest as a preacher and was so active in the parish that the people esteemed him for the work's sake. Next came Samuel Hopkins, a graduate of Yale, beginning his work here at 26. He was slow of speech in the pulpit and without gesture; but his social qualities were such as won the people, and made him a welcome guest in every home in town. His conver- sation was full of wit, yet though he could be facetious he never was undignified. For fifty-five years he was the shepherd of this flock. If he possessed little of the popular element of that imaginative fervor which glows with inward fire and sweeps its way through a sermon on radiant wing, he was always clear and sagacious as a reasoner and sound in judgment. As colleague with Dr. Hopkins during the last year of his life, Mr. John Woodbridge was ordained in 1810. After graduating with first honors at Williams College he studied law with Jonathan Porter, Esq., on West Street, and later in the office of Hon. George Bliss of Springfield. But neither legal nor political honors in pros- pect satisfied him. He had a stirring within him which turned mind and heart toward the pastorate, and after studying theology, Mr. Woodbridge began his pastorate at the age of twenty-five. He had a strong, penetrating intellect, a retentive memory, a ready command of language and a fertile imagination, refined by culture. Energetic in delivery and sometimes passionate he made every one feel his earnestness and sincerity. Dr. Woodbridge found this church rather small in congregation and in membership, and weak in interest. When he left this pastor- ate for New York City, there were 418 names on the roll, and the house was full of people. His reputation as a preacher had gone far and wide. He was often invited to preach at Williams College and at Amherst College and without doubt he was the keenest thinker and ablest preacher in this part of the state. These five ministers of the town were able and noble men. The work left by these pastors was taken up by Dr. Brown and others, especially by Dr. Ayres — a man among men. Notice now some services rendered by this church and town to the state. The first three quarters of a century in the life of this church fell upon times of intense religious discussion relating to church polity. In some of these discussions Mr. Russell took a prominent part, and also Mr. Chauncey. The words they spoke, and the part they took exerted a great influence in the colony. This town and church rendered good service in the French and Indian wars. A frontier town for many years, the people of Hadley I tidiau Log schoolhoitse Quarter Millennial ii knew what danger was, and their courage and sacrificing spirit were equal to anv emergency. The battle of Bunker Hill roused the far- mers of this village and soon many men were on their way to Cam- bridge. From Bennington to Yorktown men from this church and town faithfully followed the armies of ^^ ashington to victory. No less in the Civil War did this congregation and town do ser- vice for the State and Nation. Now I ask the question: what were the causes at work making possible the settlement of this town and its ser\'ice to the State ? First, above all: The inspiration and guidance of Almighty God. He was their hope; their guide in the wilderness; their shield, their fortress, their high tower. Second. The struggle in England for a constitutional govern- ment and a pure church made our fathers strong for liberty, made them earnest in faith. Third. The fact that this settlement was far from the sea- coast, awa\^ from the great centers of vital touch and thinking made this people self-reliant. Fourth. The scenery of this valley — who can deny its influ- ence upon those men and women r These eternal mountains, these fertile meadows and uplands responding so fully to the plough and hoe, furnishing abundant food for man and beast; stately trees; the cold of winter, the heat of summer — God spoke through all, influenc- ing heart and mind. So may it ever be. May children and children's children find this house a Bethel where God dwells, ever looking upon this beau- tiful world as instinct with God, and thus be led to hearty faith in Jesus Christ and to holy noble lives. ADDRESS INTRODUCING THE AFTERNOON SPEAKERS Bx J. R Callahan, Esu. If we survey tlie history of mankind we will find that all races or branches of the human family have assembled on certain and regular occasions to call up the past, to recount the deeds of their ancestors, to pay tribute to their glorious achievements and to draw from them some lessons of inspiration for the future. It is a law of nature, as universal as the world itself; for all people seem impelled now and then to rest from their worldly labors, to renew the scenes of their childhood, and learn the manner and deeds of their kind who have won fame and honor in the battle of life and left their foot- prints in the sands of time. These customs have been observed in every land where liberty has found a home. In distant Scotland 12 Old Hadley where the heather blooms and the bluebells hang from the ruined castle tower; in old England where the blush of the rose is seen on the maiden's cheek; and in Ireland where for centuries her people have kept the memory of her patriots as green as nature has kept the land itself. Therefore the occasion which calls us together is one interesting to us all. Hadley, like many another old New England town has sent forth much that is best in American character, life and spirit. New England's sons have become the pioneers and founders of great states and industries. The wealth of New England has built the railroads, developed the mines, built up the great cities and culti- vated the prairies of the West, whose products have made the nation rich and great. We may well say to our Western friends, "When you were young and struggling, we fed and nursed you. Today, we expect your good will, and that the stream of manhood and wealth should turn in its course back over the rugged mountains and val- leys and seek once more its home." There is none "with soul so dead" as not to be moved today by the inspiring thought that this is his own, his native town. But patriotism is not a narrow affection for the place where we were born. It is not a preference for the meadows, green fields, broad streets and stately trees, the rivers and mountains that delighted our youth. It is rather an ideal. It observes all social laws, because they are virtuous, because we see in them the image of our country's honor. There may be more true heroism in great catastrophies of fire and flood, of plague and famine, than in conflicts of arms; so there may be a patriotism not merely worshipful of the government, but considerate of the individual and social life of the community. It is the earnest, faithful and honest man in everyday life, who has made our country great. The victories of the colonists will be for- gotten long before their sacrifice and devotion to principle have gone from our memories. The patriots of old were men of God. The first town meeting in the cabin of the Mayflower opened with prayer, and that honored custom has been preserved to the present day. Over the combatants of Louisburg, the waving banner had inscribed upon it a sacred device. The battle of Ticonderoga was won in the name of Jehovah and the Continental Congress. The Liberty Bell had engraved upon it a text of scripture. The men of Lexington before the fight knelt in their farmhouses to pray, and the Continentals fought with Bibles in their knapsacks. So the godliness which exalteth a nation has come down to us from them as a sacred heritage and an inspiration and incentive to a patriotism which has been an embodiment of all that is best and highest in morals and religion. Quarter Millennial 13 When you return to the old town today you see many homes of the early settlers occupied by aliens and the children of aliens. The descendants of the early settlers have been called elsewhere to perform life's duties. I think there is no cause for alarm on account of this change. We may well recall the words of Patrick Henry uttered in a Virginia convention a century and a quarter ago in suggesting the course for this country to pursue. He said, " Our land is covered with great forests, the earth is loaded with rich treasures hidden in its bosom, which must be developed, its forests must be cleared away and the lumber made into ships to afford a means of transpor- tation for our products to foreign nations and in defending us from foreign foes. Our mines must be developed, our waters made navig- able; but how are we to do these things f We must have men. How are we to get them ? Open our doors and they will come in. Thousands upon thousands, millions upon millions are standing upon tiptoes looking with anxious and wistful eyes towards us, long- ing to enter this land of opportunity, to leave the land where they have been held in bondage for years." His advice was followed. How true has been his prophecy as to the results. Thousands upon thousands came to every city and town, and American citizens have been made of them equal to the best. Immigration is not to be feared. It is the character of immigra- tion that we should guard. This country has always been the home for the ambitious, liberty loving, downtrodden people of every nation. They have come to this town in large numbers for the last seventy-five years and more, and have helped to build it up, doing their share towards its maintenance. They came here with the same objects in view that the early settlers came with, and they worked hard and made the most of their opportunities. But this country should not be made an asylum of the criminal and diseased. With these evils eliminated, however, the doorways to this country should be kept wide open. Love of one's own town is one of the noblest motives underlying good citizenship. The origin and growth of a New England town like Hadley, with its old dwellings, its mountains, rivers and mead- ows, its ancient elms and broad streets, its heirlooms and antiques, is a subject interesting to us all. Your parents and mine left to us a sacred heritage when they left us a home in this town, and we should prove ourselves worthy sons and daughters of worthy sires. We have inherited liberty of thought, the right to worship God according to the dictates of conscience, and their noble examples will always be an inspiration to us. Nor shall their work be for naught, nor the reward of their sacrifices fail them, for high in the firmament of human destiny are set the stars of faith in mankind 14 Old Hadley and unselfish courage and loyalty to the ideal. And while these virtues shine, the work begun two hundred and fifty years ago and so well carried on to the present day, will never fail, and the memory of their Americanism, their patriotism, will be saved from the de- stroying hand of time. THE RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF THE TOWN By Rev. Walter de Forest Johnson Rector of Christ Protestant Episcopal Church, Brooklyn, N. T. Students of the life of the plants and flowers tell us that they are distributed over the face of the earth by means of the wafting winds which carry the seeds for miles through the air. Sometimes the seed is borne on feathery wings; often the fine and light material that speeds them on is of balloon-like structure. Birds of the air are said to transport them in their long flights across the country, and the four corners of our hemisphere have thus an established mode of intercommunion and interchange of fructifying principles. By means of these various channels of communication there is set forward a principle that makes for diversity as well as likeness, and the whole scheme is for the better fructifying and carpeting of the land with the fruits and grasses and flowers. In similar ways are the trees of our forests transplanted. The germ in the acorn, the pollen that flies into the bud and brings life in plant and flower and tree; the bee that while busy about his busi- ness of gathering his winter store of food, dusts with his pollen-cov- ered wings the interior of the calyx, each and all illustrate the many and secret ways in which the influences proceeding from the towns and villages of New England have made the land to blos- som and to flower with the ideals of freedom and equality under the law, that have been the peculiar possession of this section of our great country. The old towns themselves seem not to have progressed in any marked degree in the line of what we call modern progress. Their work in this direction was finished more than a hundred years ago. Yet, throughout the length and breadth of the United States, across the seas, yes, around the world are felt and followed the influences, formative and inspirational, that here had their birth. Though the rooftree no longer may cover the descendants of the early settlers and though an alien people may come and take possession of the field and farm, still is the work which was done here no less potent; the sound of the voice no less clear than if those heroic figures strode our venerable and historic streets and with Quarter Millennial 15 their kindly hospitality and dignified yet gracious mien cheered our hearts by their veritable presence amongst us today. The religious and political ideals that were here fostered are a "possession forever" of all the American people. The deeds of heroic sacrifice with which these homes were won in the heart of a wilderness, and in constant peril from a savage foe, and despite the hard conditions of mere existence, the patience and self-denial in the face of every danger and discouragement, all these have not perished, nor can they perish. The Old Hadley spirit lives and leav- ens the mass of the people of the whole land. It resides not merely in this lovely valley; it lurks not hidden in the orchard and haunts not the venerable houses, but it makes its influence felt in unseen and unsuspected ways. Though the details of historic fact may pass from the memory of man, yet upon the tablets of the human soul the spirit of the elder time is impressed, as upon imperishable bronze, and continues to win its victories and gain its due measure of reward. A recent celebration of national interest has recalled a book which is of comparatively recent date and written by a distin- guished Frenchman entitled "Anglo Saxon Superiority." In this book the writer points out the radical differences between the Celtic and the Saxon character in dealing with the occupation of the new world and other colonial territories. The Frenchman was the explorer, the gallant and intrepid adventurer. He lived by the chase and he grasped with open hand at large stretches of land, only to lose them again on account of the inherent weakness of his own native char- acteristics in dealing with such problems. He dreamed of wide empires for France, and glory undimmed for her name, and power reaching round the world. He was bold and daring, brilliant in perception and understanding, yet, in administration he failed, because of the fact that he was not a home builder, his grasp upon his new possessions was wide but not sure. He was a soldier of France filled with hopes of glory; he was a priest burning with zeal for the salvation of barbaric souls; he was a scientist willing and ready to die for the truth; lastly he became an official, content with the details of administration, rather than occupied with the real labors of colonization. And so he failed and still fails to profit by his genius for discovery and his power of supreme self-sacrifice. The Saxon, however, was a true home builder and tiller of the ground. He raised the rooftree of the farm, he allotted the land, his grasp upon the soil was firm and sure. Where he built his home there we find him and his descendants after him from generation to generation. His progress was necessarily slow, but it was that of the glacier; what he once gained, that he held with inexorable grasp. i6 Old Hadley He established centers of civilizing influence; he built churches and schools; he founded towns and cities; he felled the forests and erected homes, farms, mills; he made lasting abodes, he established permanent governments. In all this work we see displayed a grim determination which nothing but death itself could possibly alter. It was a religious motive that impelled these early settlers of our own lovely valley to leave their homes and firesides in the mother country. It was the impulse of a political creed in the process of formation that made their arms grow strong in the pur- suit of their high purposes. Under the influence of the "Great Awakening" in Europe there took place a readjustment of the old and worn-out interpretations of the spirit of the Christian religion, which could not be confined by the conservatism of the powers that then were. And so our forefathers sought in this new and unknown land a scope for the expansion of their religious ideals and political hopes. Far from all disturbing and opposing factors they built a new nation, they erected a new church, untrammeled by the archaic political ideas of the old world and freed from the prevailing narrowness of vision of the home church. And in the doing of this great work they not only established their ideals in the hearts and minds of the people who were to come after them here in the western hemisphere, but there came also an influence like some great reactionary wave which cast itself back again upon the home land and reached far into the interior of the continent of Europe, bearing purifying and ennobling influences upon its crest. The first settlers of old Hadley came from Hartford, Connecti- cut, where they with others had established themselves in 1635, to this then far-off^ section in a spirit of protest against the tendency toward increasing liberalism in the church at Hartford. A true theocracy was what they sought, one fixed and determined in every possible particular by the leading of the Holy Bible. The scriptures were still comparatively new as open books to the world of unlettered men. And in their acceptation of them as the word of God and as containing all things necessary to salvation in another world, they also firmly regarded them as the infallible guide of human society and of the State. They exercised their new-found right of private judgment to the extreme, and it was therefore natural that divisions of opinion should soon arise. Yet out of these very divisions and differences and the tenacity with which they were held, came the widening of the occupation of the lands and the building of the sev- eral commonwealths. It strikes the modern mind as peculiar that men should have made so much of differences of opinion about matters that seem to Quarter Millennial 17 us nowadays of small concern. We are not surprised to find that the descendants of the very men who once found Hartford too liberal in less than 100 years found Northampton too narrow. The men who came here on account of their stricter notions as to what constituted the right to the privileges of baptism and church communion would have no doubt been shocked at the laxity of their grandchildren on the very point which had been formerly at issue. But it was that they might have the privilege of ordering their church affairs according to the light of their own understandings and interpretations of Holy Writ that these men left the homes and lands which they had only shortly before acquired in Hartford and went forth to find a new home further in the heart of the wilderness. And so at last we find them selecting this garden spot amidst the glory of its surrounding hills, with the winding Connecticut ever lapping their fertile fields, here establishing their town site and their homes and their church and their school and ordering all upon the basis of the rules of church government which their congregation deemed scriptural and true, in the early year of 1659. For the first 152 years of the town's history the church had only four settled pastors to rule over it and guide the little settlement on its way. The position of these ministers of the elder towns was somewhat unique. Here was a social center of civic activity in which all the free men must by law be members of the church. Church membership alone conferred the right of suffrage in the town meeting. This of necessity placed the parson, generally one of the best educated men in the town, in a position of advanced leader- ship. The congregation rose when he entered the meeting house. He was not called Reverend, but Mr. His voice aroused the settlers to their high tasks, educational and churchly as well. He corre- sponded with the Council of the State and with the Governor about the affairs of the settlement. He warned of the perils daily growing more imminent on account of the increasing hostility of the savage tribes of bloodthirsty Indians that surrounded them on every hand. He protested against the interference of the Crown with the progress of local self-government. He applied the spur to the people in their corporate life, was a stimulus in all their enterprises, and the guide and mentor of their moral and civic, as well as spiritual lives. No more fortunate choice of a minister to preside over the town under such conditions could have been made than was made in the selection of the Rev. John Russell, one of the early graduates of Harvard College, who served 33 years as the pastor of the congre- gation. As the great historian of Hadley, Sylvester Judd, says, "Mr. Russell at \\ ethersfield, his first charge, was ardent and reso- lute, and sometimes indiscreet. He had warm friends and powerful i8 Old Hadley opposers. At Hadley he appears to have been an active and faith- ful pastor. His firmness and decision of character are seen in his persevering efforts in favor of the Hopkins School. His fearlessness and constancy were manifested in his protection and concealment for many years of Whalley and Goffe, whom he truly viewed as sufferers in the cause of civil liberty." How well this faithfulness and devotion was rewarded, and the subterfuges and hardships of these concealed and miserable men, who were suffering for a principle, were justified is shown by the well known and remarkable deliverance of the people in an hour of grave peril of the Indians, by General Goffe who came from his retirement long enough to warn and direct the terrified settlers, and who went back again to his place of concealment in such a deft and quiet way as to make the people believe that the venerable man with his long, white beard was an angel sent of God, who had delivered them from the cruel hands of their adversaries. The ministers were given their share of the town lots and their manse. They conducted their estates in much the same way their neighbors did. They were paid good salaries for the times in the produce of the land, at the charge of the whole community. How closely the people followed the language of the Bible in their religious services is seen in the fact that the marriage ceremony was conducted for many years without religious sanction and that the burial of the i dead was without either scripture reading or prayer on the ground / that no justification could be found for these practices of the Church in the old world in the Holy Scriptures, and so they deprived them- selves of the sanction of the one and the comfort of the other. But without the sanction of the Church in the service of marriage there was but one divorce granted by the courts of Hampshire in early times, and that was a separation of two negroes. The sort of help that ministers had from their leading laymen may be seen from the fine expression of Mr. John Pynchon who wrote to Mr. Russell with reference to an early trouble connected with the administration of the Hopkins School. Mr. Tilton said that "(A certain policy which Mr. Russell and Mr. Pynchon jointly advocated) would kindle such a flame as would not be quenched. But if to do right and secure the public welfare, kindle a flame, the will of the Lord be done." In structure the first church was a simple, square, frame build- ing, the interior plain and unadorned, with a few box pews along the wall and many narrow and very hard seats. There was no provision made for many years for heating the building in the winter time and the noise of shuffling feet in the galleries was often heard. These galleries were added some time after the structure was built for the Hooker's farewell to his inuilicr Clarence Haivkes, Cliainuan of Parailc I'umiuittce Miniiitcil liiiliaiis Quarter Millennial 19 accommodation of the boys and girls. The negroes sat over the gal- lery stairs, the male on one side and the female on the other. The sexes throughout the church were separated until the middle of the i8th century. The deacons had the post of honor under the pulpit, which had a towering sounding board that rose high above filling the hearts of the children with curiosity and fear lest it should fall and carry destruction to all upon whom it fell. Much difficulty was found in the ordering of the seating arrange- ments in the Church. This was usually referred to a committee and if their report did not bring satisfaction the matter was referred to the town meeting and then if an agreement was not possible, another committee was appointed and so on until at last a compromise that suited all parties was reached. The church was not only the meeting place of the people of the town for their political discussions, but it furnished in its garret a storage room for their stock of gunpowder, and it stood in the place of the modern newspaper as well — the sermon of the pastor furnish- ing the editorial page, and the interchange of gossip as the people met affording their best means of learning the news, domestic and foreign. The bulletins on the church door told of the latest happen- ings, and the horse blocks from which the ladies mounted their steeds were centers of bustling social activity as the congregation left the church. In the motherland the seeds had already been sown that were bringing forth the fruit of desire for a new and separate country. The spirit of independence waxed stronger and more ardent. The protests of the towns against the encroachment and pretension of the Crown were voiced by their leaders. In the petition of Mr. Russell to the General Court April 25, 1665, he says, "We have a right to choose our own governors, make and live under our own laws. Our liberties and privileges herein as men we prize, and would hold them as our lives; this makes us freemen and not slaves." It is gratifying to be able to note that Hadley was not sorely disturbed with the witchcraft delusion which infected New England to some extent. This, as many think, had its origin in the Papal bull of Innocent 8th in the year 1484, and it swept with gathering force over Europe. In the two centuries that it raged it is estimated that 100,000 persons lost their lives through this craze. The people of Hadley were too well stocked with common sense to share it to any great extent, and we record with pride that in the whole of New England not so many perished as in a single county in the mother- land. Hampshire never executed a single person on the charge of witchcraft. When the juries found against the defendant in such causes, the wise and tolerant magistrates were more often in the 20 Old Hadley mood to reverse than to confirm their conclusions. True, a number of brisk lads did "disturb Mary Webster" but she lived eleven years " after they hung her up and buried her in the snow." The first meeting house met the demands upon it until the year 1 7 13, when it was resolved to build a new one, 50 feet in length and 40 feet in breadth, with a flattish roof and a balcony at one end. A steeple "built up from the ground" was the crowning glory of the whole edifice, the first in Hampshire. The building was put up on the street opposite the town lot on which three ministers have lived, Williams, Hopkins and Woodbridge. The cock which still sur- mounts the weathervane of the third meeting house is believed to have been first put up when the spire of the second house was added: "He kept his lofty station and was removed from the West to the Middle Street in 1841." The second minister of Hadley, Mr. Isaac Chauncey, began to preach in July, 1695. He was also a graduate of Harvard College and continued in active service until the year of his death, 1738. We know few of the facts of his ministry, save that he was studious in his habits and attentive to his duties. He evidently led a peace- able and quiet life amongst the people of Hadley. History is made in times of storm. It is the period of rest and prosperity, and often of the very best work, that finds few recorders. His obituary reads, "Here lies interred the body of the Rev. Isaac Chauncey, Pastor of the first church of Christ in Hadley, who was of a truly peaceable and catholic spirit, a good scholar, an eloquent orator, an able divine, a lively, pathetic preacher, a burning and shining light in this can- dlestick, an exemplary Christian, an Israelite indeed in whom was no guile." What better story of a well spent life could we find than this tribute to his memory which has about it a ring of sincerity and love. The Rev. Chester Williams was a graduate of Yale College, and he became the minister in 1740. Tradition ascribes to him energy of character and earnestness as a preacher. He is said to have used plainness of speech, both in the pulpit and private conversation. A tale bearer he sends away, telling him that if he have come to bear tales, there are two doors leading from the room and he might take which one he chose. Mr. Williams was a member of the Council that dismissed Mr. Edwards from Northampton. The difference was over the question of the Holy Communion, as to whether it was a converting ordinance or not, and now we find the Hadley church taking the position that it had fled from a hundred years before and holding that persons who had not knowledge of their own conversion might be admitted to the same. Edwards took the stricter position which had been their own at one time. Quarter Millennial 2i Mr. Williams was visited with a grievous sickness and died at the early age of 36 in the 13th year of his ministry. He was a man of good estate, rode the best horse in town, was attentive to his dress and personal appearance. His wearing apparel was appraised at 34 pounds 10 shillings, or about ^115, and was quite a wardrobe for the times, including such vanities as gold sleeve buttons, silver knee, shoe, and stock buckles, 2 gold rings, a tobacco box, and a snufF box, 17 pairs of stockings, 2 hats, 4 wigs, 4 pairs of gloves, 7 shirts, 6 neckcloths, 3 cotton handkerchiefs, etc. His successor, the Rev. Samuel Hopkins, married the widow of his predecessor. Dr. Hopkins was a graduate of Yale and served in Hadley 54 continuous years. He was a man of economical habits and a good manager. He made his salary of ^222 a year go far in bringing up his numerous family, educated a son at college, and at the same time added to his estate. The old people of Hadley in the early part of the last century who remembered him spoke of him with the utmost respect. In the pulpit he was dull and languid, but in the homes of the people he was a popular favorite, many kept a pipe for him at their home, and his presence was ever welcome. As he walked about the town he carried with him such an amount of gravity and dignity as inspired all, juvenile beholders especially, with awe. Yet he loved a timely joke and it mattered little whether the laugh was with him or against him. He used to tell such as this on himself: On visiting an invalid, he said to him, "It is a long time since you have been able to attend meeting, would you not like to have the neighbors called in and have me preach a lecture at your house ?" The invalid replied, "I should indeed, for I have not been able for a long time to get any sleep, and I know from much experience that your preaching will give me material aid in this respect." The building of the third meeting house in 1808 and the death of the Rev. Samuel Hopkins, D.D., in the year 181 1 mark the closing epoch of the life of Old Hadley. With these events we come down to modern times when our grandmothers and grandfathers were making their laborious way through the village streets to Hopkins School, or when with bursting shout they joyously flocked out again to enjoy the freedom of these wide spaces for unrestrained play in the shade of the overarching elms. The events which led to the separation of the congregation and the building of the later meeting houses are of comparatively too recent occurrence to demand our attention. Our thoughts today are chiefly directed to that elder time when the congregation was coterminous with the town, when there was one church, one pastor, one purpose. True there were divisions and very strong ones in 22 Old Hadley the elder time. The more wealthy men formed a class by themselves, supported by many of the middle class. It was the corporation against the common people then as now, but the town meeting fur- nished a middle ground for the settlement of all their disputes, whether they be over questions of property, roads, fences or school, or the regulation of the social customs of the town. Baptisms were formerly administered in the meeting house. Dr. Hopkins' record of them does not begin until after the lament- able burning of the records in March, 1766, which destroyed all for- mer church books and papers. Holy Communion was administered in the church six times a year and each communicant was supposed to share in the furnishing of the sacramental bread by contributing something of the store of wheat. While the people were not in any sense sacramentarian they still had due and worthy consideration of these rites of the church, hence the half-way covenant, the anxiety to have children that were sick baptized, and perhaps early baptism as well. The baptism of babes in our meeting houses 100 years ago was an interesting sight especially to the young, "who rose up and some stood on seats, and gazed with delight on the infant when the mother in the broad aisle divested it of the nice and sometimes rich christening blanket, and the father received it in its dress and cap as white as snow and pre- sented it to the minister before the deacon's seat. When the minister was about to pronounce the name and sprinkle the face of the child all were still, and the young and others listened with much curiosity for the name and looked earnestly on the face of the child, who almost always started and cried when cold water was applied to the face." It would be a mistake for us to suppose that the old town life which has about it a flavor of real romance was ideal from the modern standpoint. We love to glorify the past and take pride in it. A people who do not glory in the deeds of their ancestors will never do anything worthy of them as descendants. Yet the village life which we have seen here portrayed and the influences flowing from the institutions, the church, the school and the town meeting are but the bud of which the present is the flower. A community in which slaves were held, the poor often sold to the highest bidder, in which a royalty was paid for scalps of the Indians, and in which absurd laws regulating dress and manners were enforced, shows evidences of some weakness; yet even despite the evidence of weak- ness, the candle of real progress was shining brightly here, whilst it guttered low in the socket in the old world. And so today we are proud and glad to remember these strong men of the elder time and to rejoice in all that they did and all that they were. We love to hiiri^oyiic presents his sworJ ""'"'^"'"'^iftSjft-.'^S^*^ Spirit of Yn \'e old-time kitchen Quarter Millennial 23 return to this sacred spot, not only because there is a romance and beauty about these valleys and hills and the shining river that must appeal to the coldest and most unresponsive heart, but v^e love to stand once more in the place where our forefathers stood and catch the spirit that animated their strong hearts and make the resolve that nothing that w^as good in them shall perish in our lives. "When the sw^eet Summer days Come to New England, and the south wind plays Over the forests, and the tall tulip trees Lift up their chalices Of delicate orange green Against the blue serene; When the chestnut crowns are full of flowers And the long hours Are not too long For the Oriole's song; When the wild roses blow In blueberry pastures, and the Bob White's note Calls us away On the happy trail where every heart must go; When the white clouds float Through an ampler day. And the old sea lies mystical blue once more Along the Pilgrim shore. Crooning to stone-faced pastures sweet with fern Tales of the long ago and of the far-away; And when to the hemlock solitudes return The gold-voiced thrushes, and the high beech woods Ring with enchantment as the twilight falls Among the darkening hills. And the new moonlight fills The world with beauty and the soul with peace And infinite release; Is there any land that history recalls Bestowed by Gods on mortals anywhere More goodly than New England or more fair ?" — From an Ode by Bliss Carman. ADDRESS By Ex-Mayor Theobald M. Connor of Northampton This celebration of the 250th Anniversary of the settlement of Hadley, well begins on the Sabbath Day. The removal from Con- 24 Old Hadley necticut was the second migration for religion's sake, occurring as it did a generation after the first white men and women came to settle on the shores of New England, led by an impulse essentially and dominantly religious. Another significant feature of the celebration is the presence of so many worthy descendants of the first settlers. Two hundred and fifty years of vigorous and enlightened manhood, are no mean tribute to the strength and character of the old stock. To what extent the deep religious feeling of these early men and women shaped and colored the actions of their everyday life, cannot perhaps be accurately told. Whatever the reason, religious or otherwise, they had a very keen sense of individual responsibility in all of the affairs of life. This led them to take an active part in public affairs; stimulated their interest in general education; sharpened their sense of justice, at least within their own class; and inevitably drew them to a stal- wart defence of the individual's political rights — in a word, to our notion of democracy. In all these things they have greatly influ- enced the life of succeeding generations — even to this day. Now, when there is such hue and cry over men's failure to go to the polls to protect their rights and to stay corruption in the various branches of government, it is refreshing to look back and note the spirit of that early time. One illustration indicates clearly the spirit to which I refer. With less than a dozen of his parishioners at his back, the Rev. John Russell opposed all the rest of the town on the Hopkins School mat- ter. He won out; it is now of no great concern whether he was right or wrong. He thought he was right. The splendid courage of the man commands respect. Later, it was this same spirit that begot and carried through to a successful end the movement for the aboli- tion of slavery. What the new races have contributed cannot now be estimated. We are too close to their work to get the proper perspective. They were needed, and they came, and they have added in multifarious ways to the strength of our social organism. We know that Hadley is today a more beautiful and a better place to live in than ever before; that one's life, liberty and property were never more tolerantly guarded; that the town has lost little of value that came down from the past, that improvement is being made along every line at present. He who attempts to pass judgment on any race, is indeed fool- hardy. Each has its strong points; each its weak ones, both accentu- ated by previous experiences and environments. God did not place all the virtues in any one race, neither is any one afflicted with all the vices. Of the newer races, how much indeed Quarter Millennial 25 has the personal purity, the splendid loyalty, the devotion to the faith of the fathers, and the sunny disposition of one of these added to the charm and enriched the character of the life of today; how much the versatility, quickness, social grace, and artistic sense of another; and finally, how much shall we owe to the dogged and per- severing industry and other good qualities of a third race whom we so little understand today. The suggestion has been made that we in New England have serious race problems on our hands and that the best way to solve them, is to encourage the various racial elements in our population, to live their lives apart, each as it were, to contribute a share to the public welfare practically en masse. These notions must spring from ignorance of the facts, so well exemplified in the experience of Hadley where, as the process of amalgamation proceeds, the best and broadest of the old is losing none of its force in the progress of the new. Any advice tending to keep the races apart is little short of pernicious. It flies in the face of all human experience. We want no race colonies in our midst, to become festering sores on the body politic, a constant source of danger. Amalgama- tion encouraged by generous cooperation from those who understand the nature of our government and the character of our life, with the preservation of the good and the strong of all elements, is what we need, if we are to preserve our institutions and fulfil the highest pur- pose as a nation. Problems we have but no race problems here in New England. On this day, what better hope can we have, than that the spirit of John Russell as shown in his struggles for general education, in his interest in all that concerned the public welfare, in his devo- tion to his conscientious beliefs, in his sense of justice broadened so as to include all men, in his sterling democracy, may be always with us to assist in solving these problems of today and of tomorrow. MONDAY— REUNION DAY THE second day brought to the town a pretty constant stream of visitors. The morning was devoted to family and friendly greetings, registration at the Goodwin Memorial Library, and inspection of the historical and art exhibits. The historical collection in the school building is of remarkable extent and merit, being as replete in historical value as are the annals of the old town. Glass counter cases are placed on two sides of the room and these contain many articles which will not bear handling, cups and saucers 150 years old, deeds given to a number of the original settlers, a nightcap worn by Mary Lyon and now the property of Mrs. J. W. Lane of North Hadley, a pair of silver candlesticks and snuffers belonging to Samuel Huntington, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, many fine laces and a quantity of pewter. The door used in the Russell house, in which the regicides were concealed is on exhibition. There is also a picture of the house in which General Burgoyne was entertained over night. This leads up to the most interesting and valuable part of the exhibit, the Bur- goyne sword, now owned by the descendants of Col. Elisha Porter, to whom it was presented by the general. Col. Porter was present at Saratoga at the time of Burgoyne's surrender and invited the general to visit Hadley when he should march to Boston on his return to England. His troops were encamped at the foot of West Street; his aids slept in tents in Colonel Porter's yard. On his departure the next morning he presented his host with his dress sword, which is beau- tifully mounted in silver and richly carved, and bears the king's seal- One case is filled entirely with the many beautiful articles be- longing to the family of S. D. Smith. Here is exhibited some ex- quisite embroidery over 100 years old, done by Abigail Phillips, wife of Col. Elisha Porter, which proves that the ancient dame spent more time working with her needle and less in club work than the modern housewife. There are two embroidered hand screens, an embroid- ered chair seat and a pocket-book in silk, and a sampler made by this same remarkable woman when she was nine years old, in 1743. Some relics of a period not so far distant (1 815-1820) are three high- back shell combs, handkerchief bags, a red and yellow silk bandanna handkerchief, a silk brocaded shawl, a white corded sunbonnet, fine lace collars, and a white dress worn by Miss Abigail Porter. Red man or white General Hooker Quarter Millennial 27 Samplers are shown to the number of 30, and there are several framed pieces of needlework done in silk and portraying land- scapes and baskets of flowers. Among the books is a Bible bear- ing the date 1599, and a copy of "The Redeemed Captive," printed in 1702. A small room off the main one has been furnished with some handsome chairs and tables. On the walls hang photographs of some of the trustees and principals of Hopkins Academy, of the min- isters of the two churches, and of some men and women well known years ago. The larger of the tw^o adjoining recitation rooms has been furnished to simulate an old-fashioned bedroom. There is a four-post bedstead, equipped with canopy and valance, a handsome bureau, washstand, candlestick, trundle bed, cradle, and all that is necessary to one's comfort and convenience in a sleeping room. In the upper hall of the library building is an exhibit of paint- ings, sketches and school work. There may be seen several of the most famous works of the artist, Elbridge Kingsley, sketches and photographs by Clifton Johnson, paintings and drawings by Mrs. Bessie Bell Hawkes, and paintings by Mrs. F. H. Smith and other Hadley artists. A conspicuous feature of the exhibit is the por- trait of General Hooker, painted by J. Harvey Young, which was presented to the town of Hadley by the Third Army Corps at the time of its reunion in Hadley, May 7, 1895. The members of the Gen. Joseph Hooker association have taken possession of the Samuel Bell house opposite the celebration tent and have erected two large canopies for the accommodation of their guests. The association has decorated the rooms of the Bell house with a collection of flags of the brigades of the diflPerent corps that were at Gettysburg. As the dinner hour approached, the people gradually drifted to the points assigned for the several noon-day reunions of descend- ants of the original settlers. The largest two of these were the East- man-Tilton reunion and the Dickinson reunion, which were held in two large tents on West Street. About 50 members of the Taylor family took dinner together on the lawn near the house of E. J. Aid- rich. The original home lots on West Street have been plainly marked for the anniversary occasion by the placing of placards. In the Eastman-Tilton tent there were fully 150 at the dinner, after which there w^ere addresses and original poems and hymns. People from eight states attended. Verabell Fulton of North Am- herst, aged four months, great-granddaughter of Austin Eastman, was present at the reunion, and the registration badge which she wore bore 29 stars (the registration committee gives one star for each origi- nal settler to whom the person registered can trace back his ancestry). 28 Old Hadley Rev. Clarence Chaney, the presiding officer, told some amusing stories in a happy way, and Dr. Frank H. Smith of Hadley welcomed those present to the town. A song, the words of which were written by Miss Sophia Eastman, was sung by Mrs. D. E. Harriman of South Hadley Falls, the audience joining in the chorus, to the tune of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic." Miss Louise Dickinson of North Amherst spoke on "Eastmans in history." She spoke of the coming to America of Roger Eastman in the ship ConfiJence, of Eastmans in the Indian wars, in the Revolution and in the Civil War. She mentioned two renowned descendants of the Eastmans, Daniel Webster and Eugene Field. "Our ancestors" was the title of a paper by Mrs. Mary Eastman Whittemore. "Dea. Joseph Eastman in Captivity" was the title of an interesting talk by Miss Sophia Eastman of South Hadley. She told of his capture when a young man, his being taken to Canada by the Indians, and his subsequent ransom. Rev. Lucius R. Eastman of Framingham spoke of "East- mans in the Ministry." Asa Spear of New York City spoke on "Eastmans in Education." A committee was appointed to have charge of the collection of money to buy a suitable stone to mark the burial place of Peter Tilton, father of the wife of Joseph Eastman. The descendants of Nathaniel Dickinson held their family reunion and picnic on the green just in front of the original home lot, over 200 guests being present. Senator Francke W. Dickinson of Springfield acted as toastmaster and called first on Lawyer M. F. Dickinson of Boston. The latter said that the committee who came to Hadley to lay out the town were Peter Tilton, Nathaniel Dickinson and Samuel Ward. They were allowed to make their own selection of home lots. Deacon Nathaniel chose the corner lot, which is south of the present home of H. L. Cook. The east half of the farm has never been out of the family, and it is hoped it will be preserved as a Dickinson memorial house. The Dickinson song written by Henry N. Dickinson of Brooklyn was suns; to the tune of "America." Charles K. Morton of Hatfield was the next speaker. He said that fully one-fifth of the descend- ants of the original ancestors who settled in Hatfield are Dickin- sons. He mentioned the several Dickinsons in the town of Hatfield, who have made notable public gifts in a quiet, unassuming way. Miss Alice E. Dickinson of Hadley read a paper on the various changes of ownership of the Dickinson estate. She first gave the history of Nathaniel Dickinson who came from England in 1660, and who held many of the first town offices. He was granted an estate amounting to 59 acres. The house, which stands on the east portion of the homestead at present, was built in 1743. Henry N. Dickinson, who teaches in the normal school in Brooklyn, spoke of Quarter Millennial 29 the branch that settled in Granby, where it was the plan to lay out streets on the broad plan of Hadlev. The general reunion at 3 o'clock drew together the various groups which had held separate assemblies, and many others less closeh' interested listened to the presentation of a pleasing pro- gram. The exercises were in the big main tent on \\ est Street. Clarence B. Roote, head-master of the Northampton High School and descendant of Pastor Russell's brother and Peter Tilton, pre- sided at the meeting. A cablegram from former Vice-President Levi P. Morton, who is now in Europe, was read and representatives of several of the old Hadlev families spoke of the historv ot their clans in relation to the history of the town. There was the presentation to the town of a gavel made by George Sheldon from wood that grew on property in Deerfield which Pastor Russell once owned, and which has been in Mr. Sheldon's family for many years. The tree was cut and some of the wood used for making a barn. Mr. Sheldon made the gavel from a great beam ID bv II inches and 48 feet long, much of which was sound to the heart, in spite of its two centuries and over of existence. A chair in which the regicide iudges sat while inmates of the home of Pastor Russell was shown and the story of it told by Rev. A. N. Somers of Montague. Mr. Somers was introduced by Mr. Roote as a man who was a descendant of one of the seven first white landholders in this countrv. He told an interesting storv of the dis- covery of the chair of which he first learned bv hearing in York State a quarrel between an old man of fully four-score and his middle-aged daughter. On asking what the dispute was about, a man told him that old man So-and-So and his daughter were quarreling about an old chair in which "somebodv sat who killed a king." Mr. Somers investigated. He was told the story of the chair which was then owned by the grandson of a w'oman who bought it at the time Parson Russell's estate was settled. Mr. Somers finallv succeeded in getting the chair, which is now one of his most valuable possessions. A fine tribute to Pastor John Russell, the tovrn's first minister, was read by Mrs. George Sheldon, wife of the well-known historian of the Connecticut valley, George Sheldon of Deerfield, now- 91 years old, vet hale and able to take an active interest in the affairs in con- nection with Hadle\'s celebration. The evening observance was divided between Hopkins Academy in Hadley and the town of Amherst, which celebrated its 150th anni- versary wnth exercises and a historical address by M. F. Dickinson of Boston. The Hopkins Academy reception and dance was held in the town hall. The room was decorated with Hopkins banners by the committee of whom Mrs. Luther Barstow was chairman. Con- nelly's orchestra furnished music, and refreshments were served. 30 Old Hadley INTRODUCTORT ADDRESS By Clarence B. Roote We are met to do honor to the memory of our forefathers, who were the founders of this good town. To me one of the most im- pressive facts in human history is the way in which great crises and great emergencies take men and women out of the common walks of life, lift them above the ordinary level, and exalt and dignify them for all time. This is especially true in civic and political movements. I find it hard to conceive of a "mute, inglorious Milton," but I can easily believe that scores of potential Cromwells have kept through peaceful England "the noiseless tenor of their way," serving their day and generation faithfully, but confined to their own localities and unknown to the nation at large. Our ancestors, in whose names we are gathered, loom large before our vision today. And yet in reality we know little about many of them. Under ordinary circumstances all knowledge of them might have perished long ago from off the earth. But in the providence of God they were led forth to face and fight the elemental forces of the wilderness. It fell to them to lay the foundations of a civic com- munity and owing to the peculiar polity of New England to have their share in molding the infant years of a great commonwealth. The fact of present importance to us is that they were equal to the extraordinary demands upon them. Set apart for the accomplish- ment of a great and lasting work amid difticulties and perils innumer- able, they performed their task acceptably and were lifted to the emi- nence of pioneers and founders, taking their place thereby among the significant and heroic figures of this commonwealth. It is most certainly a laudable desire that leads us, members of the ancient families of Hadley, to take this occasion to learn more about our family history and thus to connect ourselves more consciously with those men and women who wrought out for us our goodly heritage. JOHN RUSSELL, THE LEADER By George Sheldon Deerfield sends greeting to Hadley. I have the honor to be one of her messengers to bear the tokens of respect and love of a younger sister. Deerfield unites with other sister towns in doing homage to Hadley which, if not the eldest born, ranks first when gauged by deeds of high emprise. If any man is great enough, brave enough, or good enough to sanctify the soil whereon his work is done, then the men and women of Hadley may with one voice truly acclaim : — Aiigcl of HaJlcy Hooker Brigade Had lev witch Quarter Millennial 31 "Aye call it holy ground ! The paths John Russell trod; O'er watchful height, where valleys wound, With eye which scanned each sod; With ear attuned to softest sound. His feet with silence shod." Under the shadows of the primeval forest, across the wide mead- ows, on the banks of the gliding waters of Hadley, walked one of the sons of men for whose peer you may seek in vain over the whole broad sweep of the Connecticut Valley — his peer in true bravery and steadfast courage, when we consider the manliest attributes of the noblest men. Our New England Fathers declared their dread of "leaving an illiterate ministry to the churches, when our present ministry shall lie in the dust," and early set themselves to the task of raising up and qualifying young men to fill the vacancies in the pulpits which, as a matter of course, must soon befall. Harvard College was established, and the first class was gradu- ated in 1642. By 1645 twenty young men had been sent forth. Of these the seventeenth was your John Russell. When they received their sheepskins from the college, they were prepared for the ministry without further theological training, and entered the pulpit as opportunity offered. In 1648 John Russell senior, the father of the graduate, with his family removed from Charlestown to W^ethersfield, Ct. It was not long before the father and son found they had settled them- selves in a hornet's nest. A hot dispute was on between the minister, Mr. Smith, and the Church. Some theological puzzle was in the wind, but exactly what this was, I believe no student of the hair- splitting dogmas of the times has been able to fully explain. This much, however, appears: John Russell was a believer in the freedom of the congregation. He was an independent to the backbone. Russell believed that each church had authority directly from Christ, and was accountable to no other power. The Russells, father and son, were evidently men of mettle; they joined issue with what was on foot, and the battle was fought to the finish. In the meantime, Mr. Smith, the minister, died. As the smoke cleared up a little it appeared that the father had married the widow, and the son had captured the pulpit. It would seem that these two enterprising Massachusetts men had now conquered a peace and controlled the situation, but it was not so. They had only moved into the Smith camp. The new combination soon found the old fight was renewed. The new pastor, 32 Old Hadley John Russell, Jr., now about 22, took up the Smith banner, bore it boldly to the front, and led the Smith faction in the war. This was surely due his step-mother, and doubtless he had also all the Smith bees in his bonnet. However that may be, he bravely and skilfully bore himself against his opponents in the church at Wethersfield, as also those of Hartford and Windsor. After some years of warfare, John Russell headed a masterful retreat, leading away in triumph to Hadley the sturdy independents of the three churches in question, who would march wherever he should lead. Russell had not yielded one whit of his ideal. He had fought the good fight in spiritual things, and now he was ready to face the physical hardships attending the removal of the fruits of his labor through a pathless wilderness to a safe harbor at Hadley. Here in the unbroken forest he transplanted his church, and here he started a town. You, my friends, are reaping the glory, the honor and the profit of his unconquerable will and steadfast purpose. Church and town grew and flourished, and here the great measure of his fame was filled to the brim. World-wide honors have been showered upon his name. But all the honors bestowed on Mr. Russell have been post- humous. When he was gathered to his fathers he had no reason even to suspect that his daring deeds would ever be known by the public. Few indeed were then alive who were aware of the facts, and, he would doubtless reason, their graves would soon cover the last trace of the deadly secret. The story need not be told here; you all know it now. A faint outline, however, will be sketched. At one period in the history of England a few men appeared on the stage who dared to think for themselves on things civil and religious. Their thoughts became deeds. Their deeds had molded a nation. On Charles I and the dogma of the Divine Right of Kings had fallen a deadly blow. Among these men of thought and deed, in the army of the Protector, were Major General Edward Whalley and his son-in-law, Major General William Goffe, and both were in the House of Lords in the Parliament. They were both also Judges in the High Court of Justice by which Charles I was condemned. When the wheel turned, and the daring regicides had become fugitives, hunted by human and canine hounds for the price set upon their heads, in the hour of direst need John Russell came to the front. His house was his castle. Within was a precious charge to be guarded with unflinching nerve and vigilance. Whalley and Gofte had fled to New England, and were now in hiding under his roof. Month after month, year after year, he kept watch and ward, alone with his courage and his conscience. Quarter Millennial 33 He was fully alive to the fact that the messenger of fate might at any moment be found standing at his door, reaching out his eager hand for the latch. He knew the fate of the captured judges; knew that malice did not hold its hand until the dead judges were dragged from their graves, and all within the power of Charles H were drawn and quartered, their remains burned to ashes, and their ashes strown to the four winds. He knew that such would be his own doom, should the messenger once lift the latch. Aware of all this, the Rock of Gibraltar stands no firmer today than stood your brave hero through those long years of stress and strain. With what men in the Connecticut Valley, for whom may well be claimed the title of hero, shall we compare John Russell ? Shall we compare the founder of Hadley with the founder of Springfield, her elder sister ? Pynchon stood high in the civil annals of the Colony; in character and talent he outranked most of those who sought to bind him in the same theological cords with which they themselves were bound. But he stood up and confronted them boldly as every freeman should. At that time he faced the dungeon, but not the flames. He was not sacrificed at the stake, but his heretical books were burned in public by the common hangman. He braved more than the cold shoulder, and the averted eye, among his fellows, and he was deposed from high civil station in the colony. He fought bravely, but the brand of heretic was stamped upon him; he finally quailed, and was hounded from the colony by the pious Puritans and fled to England. John Russell never quailed. A few others will be selected as worthy to compete with him for the leadership. I will first name Jonathan Wells of Hadley, the boy hero of the Connecticut Valley. He was one of the lambs of Mr. Russell's flock, who grew up with but a single house lot dividing him from that of the good shepherd. His title was earned at the age of sixteen by his manly achievements on the occasion of the Turners Falls Fight. Across the Connecticut lies Hatfield, in full sight as a kindly neighbor should be. So the brave deeds done by Hatfield men have all been known here. Hadley saw the swift attack on Hatfield, September, 1677; saw the flaming homes; saw the inmates slain or swept away into Indian captivity, but saw too late to save. She knew how brave Sergeant Benjamin Wait devoted himself body and soul to get the captives back. Between Hatfield and Boston and Albany and New York swung Wait like a pendulum. He traversed those hundreds of miles, through tangled thicket and treacherous swamp, persistently, fearless of aught which stood between himself and his enslaved family and friends in Canada. He dared the dan- gers of the wilderness, the wild beasts and the hostile Indians, the 34 Old Hadley deadly frost and winter snow, until, at the end of more than fifteen hundred miles, mostly travelled on foot, he found the loved and lost, and brought them triumphantly home. John Russell cheered him on when he went out; and, in common with all the Valley men, gave him the warmest welcome on his return. His fame has long been assured. In Stephen Jennings, the companion of Wait in these trials and triumphs, is found a man of spirit hardly less strenuous. Their lives ran largely in parallel lines, and came to the same tragic close. In placing Ensign John Sheldon and John Wells of Deerfield in the ranks of the selected brave there can be no mistake. They, too, endured the agonies of loss, and the trials of the wilderness. It was a quarter of a century later that they followed the trail of Wait and Jennings, but the region traversed had not yet felt the hand of civilization. The forest was no less wild, and the savage no less fierce. They dared the same dangers, encountered the same diffi- culties, the same icy blasts and drifting snows. While we consider the deeds of these men to compare them with those of John Russell, we must take into account the circum- stances which surrounded them, and the motives by which they were inspired. Enough has been said of William Pynchon; we only hope his rebellion against religious domination found its reward. The crucial test of young Jonathan Wells was not premeditated. It was forced upon him by disaster of battle. He rose to the occasion, proved his rare mettle, and his right to the title of hero. In this consideration of incentives to courage we may group together Benjamin Wait, Stephen Jennings, John Sheldon and John Wells. No one of these was called upon to exhibit the highest ele- ments of bravery. They were not summoned to obey an abstract call of duty regardless of results. Each had a cord leading away into the wilds of Canada, tugging at his heart. Their wives, children, friends, were in captivity. Here was an impelling motive; here was inspiration of which courage may well be born. In the case of John Russell there was no external call, no per- sonal gain, and scarcely an approving eye. Nevertheless the heroic man steadfastly held his post of guard with the full knowledge that the besom of destruction was poised in the air, and might at any moment swoop down upon him and his wife and children. It was for a far lighter, but similar offence, in England, that Charles II ruthlessly beheaded Lady Alicea Lisle. In connection with my theme, it will be of interest to note a singu- lar coincident developed by the way. Of all the men selected to represent the chivalry of the Valley, and to compare with John Rus- sell, not one left his remains to the care of the locality where his fame Quarter Millennial 35 was achieved. William Pynchon was driven from the colony to England, and never came back. The dust of Whalley and GofFe, so far as we know, now sanctifies the soil of Hadley. On the westerly bound of Old Deerfield Street stands a monument of granite which marks the lot where Jonathan Wells passed his Deerfield years. A gray and mossy slab in Deerfield's old God's Acre, tells where was found his final bed of rest. In this same sacred enclosure, beneath a green swelling mound crowned with enduring stone, lie "The Dead of 1704." From the gray-haired man and matron to the babe of three weeks all were buried in one great grave. With these, whom his valor strove in vain to save, was laid all that was mortal of Sergeant Benjamin Wait. In the same grave lie four of Hadley's bravest sons, Samuel Boltwood, Robert Boltwood, Jonathan Ingram, and Nathaniel Warner. Here as a pledge and bond of union between Hadley and Deerfield their dust will be sacredly guarded. Stephen Jennings removed to Brookfield, where, after years of strenuous struggle with the Indians, he was surprised and slain, and there was his final place of rest. John Sheldon removed to Connecticut where his peculiar char- acter and ability were soon recognized and utilized. Here his pil- grimage ended, and his grave was made in the ancient burying ground, now so sacredly cared for in the city of Hartford. John Wells, when on a scout in the wilderness of northern Vermont, was shot while trying to save the life of a drowning man in the face of the enemy. His body was left to the mercy of the wild beasts and the elements. The spot where he fell can never be identified. My work is finished. No claim is made that any fact? before unknown have been brought to light. I have attempted to portray the founder of Hadley as a leader of men. I have striven to show that among the early heroes of the Connecticut Valley his name should lead all the rest. TUESDAY— THIRD DAY THE attendance after the quiet Reunion Day of Monday, was renewed with a rush Tuesday morning and the town over- flowed with visitors until the close of the patriotic rally in the evening. Atmospheric conditions thus far could not have been bet- ter if the celebration committee had been given its pick of the best varieties of weather that the climate affords. There have been cool breezes a good part of the time, and, although it has been dusty un- derfoot, this has been preferable to taking chances with showers that might have fallen at inopportune moments. Nothing less than a shower can really sprinkle the wide streets of Hadley, but the street sprinkler that has been in commission has accomplished its pur- pose to a satisfactory extent at the principal points of interest. A hospital tent, under the management of the Dickinson Hospital at Northampton, is the latest provision for the comfort and benefit of guests, but thus far, fortunately, has only served the purpose of showing good intentions. A celebration visitor in whom there is much interest arrived in the afternoon in the person of John Gough Sutton of Fort Madison, la., as the guest of the Town of Hadley. Mr. Sutton is a direct descendant of Goffe, the regicide. He is connected with a syndicate which builds and manages water, gas and electric light plants in various parts of the country. The hose races were set for 9.30 in the morning. A big crowd watched them at the upper end of West Street and a high degree of enthusiasm prevailed. The line of the firemen's parade which preceded the races was the following: — Marshal, Robert McQueston. Northampton band, 21 pieces, M. J. Slater, leader. Buggy with Chief L. R. Smith of Hadley and Chief F. G. Howard of Hatfield. Hatfield No. i, 14 men, Robert Fitzgerald, captain, D. F. Wha- len, driver. Hatfield No. 2, 12 men, Lewis Pelissier, captain, M. J. Proulx, driver. Hatfield No. 3, 19 men, John Batzold, captain, John M. Strong, driver. Hu})uiii^ of Hopkins Mill Frciiili and liiduni \\ or J' latboat Quarter Millennial 37 Hatfield No. 4, 13 men, Adam B. Wolfram, captain, Harry Holden, driver. Hadley No. i (West Street), 15 men, James Byron, captain, John Pelissier, driver. Hadley No. 2 (Middle Street), 11 men, William Sanders, cap- tain, Herbert Cook, driver. Hadley No. 3 (New Boston), 15 men, Charles Pelissier, captain, William Walsh, driver. Hadley No. 4 (Hartsbrook), 15 men, Edward P. West, captain, Henry Sabin, driver. The Hatfield firemen wore uniforms comprising dark caps and trousers and white blouses. The uniforms of the Hadley companies were varied, and the colors added much to the appearance of the parade. Some of the companies carried canes, and others small flags. The procession marched from the town hall through Russell Street to West Street, around the celebration tent, and proceeded to the upper section of West Street. The companies laid 300 feet of hose, broke hose at 250 feet from hydrant, and turned on water. The races were run off' with admirable dispatch and without acci- dents or disputes. A peculiar phase of the outcome was the fact that each company, except Hadley No. 4, improved on the time of all preceding companies, and a high pitch of excitement was reached when the last two companies came to the test. Hatfield No. 2 filled the hearts of the Hatfield partisans with joy by beating all preceding records, but the Hadley people had their turn when Hadley No. 2 ran last and won first prize. The shouts of applause were so vigorous when it became known that Hadley had won, that it was several minutes before the announcer could make himself heard. The prizes were ^25, $15, and ^10. The dedication of the new Hopkins Academy building and the presentation of gifts by several classes, was the feature of the after- noon observances. J. C. Hammond, president of the board of trus- tees, presided and made the address of acceptance of the gifts and of dedication of the building, formerly the Dr. Bonney house, on the steps of which the exercises were held. The exterior remains unchanged in architectural design, but important changes have been made in the interior to provide for the purposes of school work. The gifts presented were a flagstaff" from the class of '95, a flag given in the name of the class of '89, over ^90 given by the classes of '74, '88, '90, '92 and '96, and a picture from the class of 1906. J. A. Crosier of Northampton, on behalf of the class of '95, presented the flagstaff". He spoke of a need of teaching greater patriotism to the youth of the land and he hoped that the pupils of 38 Old Hadley the academy would learn that the emblem that flies from the staff stands for freedom, integrity and honor. Arthur B. Smith of Chicago gave the flag in honor of his class of '89. He said that while the flag might not inspire the pupils to valor in wars for their country the trustees would be proud and the world benefited if the pupils were taught and inspired to be a little better than the average American citizen. J. H. Heavens of Plymouth, a former principal of the academy, was next called on. He said that the only condition attached to the gift of the money which he was presenting for the several classes was that it should be used for some purpose in connection with the physical development of the pupils. The amounts given were as follows: Class of '74, ^5; class of '88, ;^I5; class of '90, $^g; class of '92, ^12.50; class of '96, ^20. Mr. Heavens then presented a small but finely framed picture which is the gift of the class of 1906. The picture, he said, was merely a suggestion which he thought was worthy of being followed by other classes and individ- uals at this time when the school needs many pictures and such things to make the interior attractive. The baseball game between the students and alumni followed the program at the academy. In the course of the afternoon a re- union of the Huntington and Porter families was held at the Bishop Huntington homestead on the North Hadley road and the program of the day closed with the grand patriotic rally in the celebration tent in the evening. Preceding this there was a reception in which women of patriotic societies met members of various branches of the societies. A large part of the seats was reserved for members of the Grand Army, the Woman's Relief Corps, the Sons of Veterans, and Sons and Daugh- ters of the American Revolution. District Attorney K. W. Irwin of Northampton presided with his characteristic good humor. Rev. Dr. A. St. John Chambre of Lowell, who was a chaplain in the Civil War, in the brigade of Hadley's most famous son, "Fight- ing Joe" Hooker, made an address, as did also Judge Henry Stock- bridge of Baltimore, Md., who paid glowing tribute to the sons of Hadley, and of the country, who have fought the nation's battles, and to the women who have sacrificed and suff'ered, too. A paper on "Hadley in the Colonial Wars," by Judge Francis M. Thompson of Greenfield, was read by Attorney D. H. Keedy of Hadley. Mrs. James G. Dunning of Springfield, State Regent of the Daughters of the American Revolution, spoke on the work of that organization. Admiral F. A. Cook of Northampton, who commanded the Brooklyn in the battle of Santiago responded for the Spanish War Veterans. He said that it was late and everybody knew a lot about the Spanish Quarter Millennial 39 War, so he told a story with a good laugh to it and wished the audi- ence good-night. Lieut.-Gov. Louis A. Frothingham and four aids-de-camp of the governor's staff had seats on the platform during the latter half of the meeting. They arrived in Hadley by way of the Central Mass- achusetts about 7.30. They were met by E. S. Allen, secretary of the celebration committee, and A. S. Searle, F. S. Reynolds, George E. Smith and L. W. West. The party took supper at the Elmwood, and it must have been an enjoyable occasion judging by the way faces beamed at the mention of it. After Judge Stockbridge, who was speaking when they entered, had finished, the lieutenant-gov- ernor's party was given the Chautauqua salute with vehemence. The lieutenant-governor and his party spent the night on Mt. Holyoke. HOPKINS ACADEMY DEDICATION ADDRESS By John C. Hammond, Esq., President of the Board of Trustees The loyalty of the sons and daughters of Old Hadley to its honored institution, Hopkins Academy, is abundantly shown today. Class after class is here helping us in the dedication of the new home of the Academy. The tokens of appreciation given by the various classes of graduates are notable in their fitness to round out and complete the decoration of the Academy home. They are even more notable as evidence of what this institution, as old as the town itself, means to all of us who owe to it something for the nurture and train- ing it has given. I have referred to the Academy's being as old as the town itself. Edward Hopkins, the founder of the fund, died in England 252 years ago, two years before the town was born. By his will he bequeathed the residue of his estate which was in New England to four trustees "to give some encouragement in those foreign plantations for the breeding of hopeful youths, both at the Grammar School and Col- lege, for the public service of the Country in future times." It took time to settle the estate. The two surviving trustees, William Goodwin who had then removed to Hadley, and John Daven- port of New Haven, by an agreement dated April 30, 1664, after providing for a Grammar School in Hartford, and, by a proviso later in the will, taking one hundred pounds from Hadley's share for Harvard College, divided what remained equally between the towns of New Haven and Hadley. The Hopkins Grammar School as it was then called began its course in Hadley as early as 1666 or 1667. The fund, with its moder- ate foundation, was added to from time to time in the earlier years 40 Old Hadley but was always limited in amount; and tuition was charged until about 1853, since which time tuition has been free to residents of Hadley. In the first years the Hopkins School was in the house of Na- thaniel Ward who died in 1664, which house he willed to the school. Later, it was in a schoolhouse, 25 x 18, built in the middle of the West Street. Many persons in this audience remember Dea. Simeon Dickinson who died in 1890 at the age of 95. He attended the Hopkins School in that building. In 1816 or 1817 the brick Academy building where those of my age attended was built on Russell Street. This continued to be used until it was destroyed by fire February 18, i860. The Academy afterward used rooms in the rear of the First Church vestry until December, 1865, when it occupied the second story of the new school building erected by the town at the southwest corner of Middle Street and Russell Street until this, too, was lost by fire. The present school building of brick was built by the town in 1894. The Academy has ever since occupied the second floor. Now, when the pressing needs of the town require more room for its schools it is most opportune that the Academy with its funds increased to something over $100,000 is able to again have a home of its own. This home of the late Dr. Bonney, with its more than five acres of land adjoining the old campus, has been acquired. You see how well it lends itself to the purposes of this ancient and honored Academy. An ample, well lighted assembly room; spacious and convenient recitation rooms; and a gymnasium and recreation hall developed from Dr. Bonney's barn. Even the cozy tenement house can be a convenient home for the janitor. Not merely in its housing does the Academy prosper. There are plans and hopes for a broader sphere of influence. The approved modern idea that the boy or girl who studies to be fitted for the life on the farm shall have special instructions oflFered will be here carried out, and preparation for the trades can in some degree be given. At the celebration of fifty years ago last June, I, a boy of sixteen, hired my first team and drove here from my South Amherst home and incurred the further rash expense of a dinner in the great tent. In the fall I attended the Academy at the beginning of my prepara- tion for college and was under that best of teachers, J. R. Davenport. I finished my preparation elsewhere; but from that time to the present my enthusiastic admiration for the work and name of Hop- kins Academy has been continuous and increasing. In 1870 I came on the Board of Trustees. William P. Porter, whose term of service is next to mine in length has been treasurer thirty-one years. Quarter Millennial 41 As we on this Anniversary day dedicate this new Academy home for the good of all who can now benefit by it and for the good of those who shall come after us, we will give it our loyal support. Class after class comes and presents some gift. They all testify to the benefit and worth of this Academy to which my mother, my brothers, my sister and myself owe much. All the people scattered far and wide who gather in Hadley today turn with loving recollection to Old Hopkins Academy and rejoice in this — the brightest day in its history. ADDRESS INTRODUCING THE EVENING SPEAKERS By Hon. Richard fV. Irwin The importance and worth of a town are not to be altogether measured by its material possessions. Its real merit is to be found in the hearts, the brains, and the morals of its men and women. By this standard does Hadley measure large. On this occasion we pay high tribute to one of Hadley's most illustrious sons — Gen. Joseph Hooker. One would hardly expect that from this old, quiet town, living its peaceful and contented life among the meadows of the Connecti- cut, should come the soldier whose fierce onset and dogged per- severance in battle led his soldiers on the field of battle to call him "Fighting Joe Hooker" (an appellation he never relished), and whose brilliance as a general has been unequalled by any com- mander in the wars of the American republic. Yet in such farming communities, representative of the best of Massachusetts, runs the fighting blood that strengthened the arms of Cromwell's Ironsides; that won their firesides and maintained them against the Indians; marched behind Washington from Bunker Hill to Yorktown. From such stock was Gen. Joseph Hooker. He was born in Hadley November 13, 1814. His father was Joseph Hooker, who came to Hadley from Enfield. His mother was Mary Seymour of Hadley. Physically he was of fine proportions, slender, but with well-rounded outlines; erect, with head well poised and crowned with a luxuriant growth of hair of a light auburn hue; features symmetrical and expressive, a graceful carriage, the personification of frank and youthful manliness. His early educa- tional opportunities were limited. The common school and Hopkins Academy furnished him with such acquirements as he possessed on his entrance to West Point. At the age of 18 Hooker received appointment to a cadetship at the military academy, entering that institution in 1833, graduating 42 Old Hadley with honors in the year 1837. From this point his record is a part of the annals of our country. He served under McClellan, Burnside, Thomas, Sherman and Grant with unfaltering fidelity and zeal. When relieved from the command of the army of the Potomac the only favor he asked of Lincoln v^as the privilege of changing places v^ith Meade, to command a corps under his late subordinate, so that he might share in the dangers and honors of the campaign he had begun. The campaign was completed successfully by the battle of Gettysburg, which was won by adopting Hooker's plan of campaign, after he was relieved. "Gettysburg was Hooker's revenge for Chancellorsville." Never was the great confederate chieftain, Lee, outflanked when forces were equal, except when Hooker com- manded against him. In the history of the war of the rebellion nothing that any of our commanders have done on land, has equalled in audacity of design, the brilliance of execution or the consummate glory of success which Hooker accomplished many times. For splendid bravery, for unhesitating acceptance of desperate and stupendous odds, for perseverance in the fight until victory was won, for success that thrills the blood and urges on the fire of patriotism, no achieve- ment of America on land or sea is superior to Hooker's standing with his regiments at Williamsburg, thrown like a wall across the peninsula and holding the whole rebel army at bay while McClellan made a retreat; or again in distant Tennessee scaling the mountain battlements and fighting "the battle above the clouds." It has by some been said that his abilities were only those of a corps commander, calculated to mold his army into a thunderbolt and hurl it into the center of the fierce conflict of battle; or to lead on his soldiers with drawn and beckoning sword in some desperate charge against the whole strength of an opposing army. Yet this descendant of the farming Puritans in transferring the army of the Potomac across the broad waters of the Rappahannock in the face of Lee's whole army, accomplished an act of strategy which side by side with Napoleon crossing the Danube ranks as one of the highest achievements in the art of war, and is the text-book model which is taught at West Point. He stands at the head of Massachusetts's roll of warriors, and a grateful commonwealth has erected upon the capitol grounds at Boston his statue to commemorate and perpetuate his valorous deeds; there let it stand as a memorial that from her common people, when time demanded, Massachusetts furnished for the saving of the nation one worthy to rank with the great leaders of war, in the farmer boy of old Hadley. Quarter Millennial 43 HADLET IN THE COLONIAL WARS By 'Judge Francis M. Thompson The history of the people whom our ancestors found occupying this broad and beautiful valley, their primitive dv^'ellings standing beside the purling brooks which, with reduced volume, still run down to the "long river," where the natives speared the salmon, the shad, and the muskalonge; the people who hunted in the primeval forest which then covered the waste places, with whom our ancestors lived, with whom they fought, and whom they finally blotted out — or drove, a scanty remnant, into the western wilds — is closely interwoven with our own. This interesting people hardly had fair treatment by the pious historians of the early time. The English settlers thought, like the Israelites of old, that it was their right — yea, that it was their solemn duty, to rid the land which the Lord their God had given them, as well of Indians, as of wolves, bears, and other wild animals. It is true that the natives were deficient in the refinements of civilized life; yet, in the construction of their canoes, weapons of war, baskets, moccasins, fish and game traps, and in methods of taking game, they exhibited much art and established models which are used for the same purposes at the present time. The squaws cultivated little patches of corn and beans with the antlers of the moose or deer, and in some parts they grew a few stalks of tobacco for their lords to use in their pipes; but war and hunting comprised the activities of the men. While the Indians ranked low in the human family, yet, as patriots, warriors, philosophers — in the ardent love of country, of their birthplace, they exhibited deep feeling. The first instrument recorded in the first Book of Deeds in Springfield, is an agreement signed by Joseph Parsons and two others, acting for Northampton, to convey to Samuel Smith, William Westwood and Andrew Warner acting as agents for Hadley, the great Capawonk meadows in Hatfield for thirty pounds sterling, to be paid for before June 1st, 1659, in wheat and peas. The document was recorded December 2nd of that year. Six Hadley men had already settled there. The Indians who inhabited this immediate section were called Norwottucks, and were, as well as the Pocumtucks at Deerfield, closely related to the Nipmucks, whose country was farther east. The new settlers in the valley lived with the natives in peace until the secret agents of Philip, the discontented Wampanoag chief, whispered venom into the listening ears of the Norwottuck braves, although the valley Indians, before they made peace with the Mo- hawks in 1 67 1, made themselves nuisances by seeking shelter in the 44 Old Hadley out-buildings of the settlers, upon any fear of a Mohawk attack. The salutation "Netop" (my friend), was often heard in the settle- ments, and the men sold furs, fish and venison; and the squaws sold baskets, mats, moccasins and other handiwork, and some of them served in the homes of the settlers. Philip's schemes culminated in his attack upon the town of Swansey near his Mount Hope headquarters, June 24th, 1675. Nine persons were killed, many houses and barns burned, and much dam- age was done to stock and crops. Plymouth and Massachusetts sprang to arms, and soon Philip and his followers disappeared in the forest and on August 5th arrived among the Quabaugs in the Nip- muck country. The hostiles who operated in old Hampshire County were nearly all Nipmucks, joined later by the Pocumtucks and other river tribes. They first attacked Brookfield, but nearly all the people concentrated in a strong house which they bravely defended for three days when they were relieved by Major Simeon Willard. Philip's Indians soon after gathered at Paquayag (now Athol) and those in the valley about the different settlements. Those in this vicinity had built a fort on the bluff above the Connecticut river within the present bounds of Hatfield, and the people being suspicious of them the military au- thorities by persuasion, took possession of their arms. Subsequently, the Indians professing great loyalty to the settlers and expressing a strong desire to go out against the enemy, their arms were restored to them, and a party of tliem accompanied some Connecticut troops on a scout, but their conduct was such that they were suspected of treachery, and Captains Beers and Lothrop in command at Hadley, upon the expressed desire of the people, decided to again disarm the Indians. Surrounding the fort at midnight, they discovered that the savages had killed an old sachem who would not join them, and had fled. Immediate pursuit was made by the excited soldiers, and in a swamp near the foot of Sugar-loaf mountain they, without warning, received the fire of forty or fifty Indians, and at that time and during the three hours' sharp fight that ensued, the English lost nine men, one of whom — Azariah Dickinson — was from Hadley. A squaw captured a few days after reported that twenty-six Indians were slain. September 1st, a soldier from Connecticut while hunting for a stray horse at Deerfield was waylaid and slain, and the enemy rushed into the village and burned many buildings. The garrison was too weak to make a sally, but two Indians venturing near the fort were killed. The next day the Indians at Squaukeag (Northfield) waylaid a party who ventured out of the fort, and eight men were killed. Not The Celebration Committee Oriville W. Prouty Dr. F. H. Smith, Chairman Elam S. Allen, Secretary and Treasurer RcFi-s M. Smith James Byron Quarter Millennial 45 knowing of this attack, Captain Beers with thirty-six men left Hadley with carts to bring off the inhabitants of Squaukeag. On the second day out he fell into an ambuscade, lost his own life and the lives of twenty of his men, among whom were William Markham and Joseph Dickinson of Hadley. Several of those who escaped reached Hadley the same night. On the 5th of September, Major Treat of the Connecticut forces, set out for Squaukeag with one hundred men, who, when near- ing the town were daunted at seeing the heads of Captain Beers' men set up on poles beside the trail. Thoroughly alarmed, they lost no time in taking away the inhabitants, leaving the dead unburied, and abandoning the sheep and cattle, many of which made their way through the wilderness to Hadley. Whether or not the Indians made an attack upon Hadley on September 1st, 1675, is in dispute, and we pass on to the next disaster suffered by the English — the massacre of Lothrop and "the Flower of Essex," at Muddy (now Bloody) brook. Lothrop had been sent to Deerfield to guard the teams while they drew away a large quan- tity of harvested wheat. Lacking due caution, his command ran into an ambuscade of several hundred Indians at the crossing of the brook, with the result that he and about sixty of his men were buried in one grave. While Deerfield suffered the loss of seven- teen citizens in this bloody affair, Hadley escaped with the loss of Francis Barnard, who was acting as a teamster. Hadley was the military headquarters for Hampshire County, with Major Pynchon in command. The Springfield Indians had con- centrated at their fort on Long Hill, toward Long Meadow, claiming to be friendly to the English. The Connecticut Council advised Pynchon not to disarm them, but to secure hostages for their good behavior; and such action was taken, the hostages being sent to Hartford. Pynchon, learning at Hadley that a body of Indians were in the vicinity of the Hadley mill, drew off men from the Springfield garrison, intending to go out against them the following day. The same day, Tonto, a Windsor Indian, disclosed a plot concocted by the Indians to burn Springfield the next day. The alarm reached Pynchon at Hadley after midnight, and before his men could reach Springfield the hellish work of destruction had been accomplished by the Springfield Indians and many Nipmucks whom they had secretly admitted to their fort. Happily the loss of life was com- paratively small, three persons being killed and two mortally wounded, but the property loss was a terrible blow to the infant settlement. The campaign continued by an attack on Hatfield by seven or eight hundred Indians, but the place was well prepared for defence, and the enemy was repulsed. A few days after, an 46 Old Hadley unsuccessful raid was made upon Northampton, and then the Indians retired to a place just above Squaukeag, where they wintered. About April ist, 1676, the Indians attacked some laborers near Hockanum, and killed Deacon Richard Goodman and two soldiers, and took Thomas Reed a prisoner to the camp at Squaukeag. When the fishing season arrived, after planting corn at Northfield, they broke camp and moved down the river to Peskeompscut (now Turners) Falls, and planted corn at Deerfield. The prisoner Reed made his escape and coming into Hadley he told of the unguarded position of the enemy engaged in fishing at the Falls. Stirred up by the activity of Rev. John Russell, the Hadley minister, the military authorities decided "to go out against them tomorrow night so as to be with them, the Lord assisting, before the break of day." The successful attack, and the disastrous retreat of the victors, in which Captain Turner lost his life and out of one hundred and sixty men in the expedition, thirty-seven were killed and two mortally wounded, need not be fully recited here. Under the able manage- ment of Captain Samuel Holyoke, the survivors reached safety at Hadley, having been pursued by the savages for many miles. Rev. Hope Atherton, minister of Hatfield, who acted as chaplain of the expedition, wandered without food for nearly four days before he found himself in Hadley, and did not know how he crossed the Connecticut River. The terrible experiences of Jonathan Wells, a youth of sixteen years from Hadley, who by his bravery that day gained the name of "the Boy Hero," reads like a story from Cooper's novels. He was lamed for life, and it was four years and two months before he could walk. Hadley sent twenty-five men in this expedi- tion, of whom eight were killed and Wells severely wounded. On the 20th of May, Hatfield was again attacked; twelve houses and barns were burned and many horses and other live stock were killed or driven away. Twenty-five brave Hadley men crossed the river to the aid of their neighbors. The Indians wounded two of them before they left the boat, but the men landed in the face of their attack, killed five or six of the enemy by their first volley, and the Indians retreated toward the fort. In this fight five men were killed and three were wounded. Hadley lost a very brave young man in the person of Johanna, son of Lieutenant Samuel Smith. John Stow of Hadley was severely wounded. Both of these young men had escaped in the Falls fight, a few days before. On the 8th of June, 1676, two hundred and fifty mounted troops and two hundred friendly Indians from Connecticut paraded Hadley streets with silken banners, giving the river towns great sense of security. Unaware of the presence of this large body of soldiers, the Indians made an attack on Hadley with several hundred warriors. Quarter Millennial 47 Thev were soon compelled to disperse, not, however, until they had killed three soldiers who had foolishly ventured from the fort without arms. Philip was slain near Mount Hope, August 12th, and the river Indians fled toward the Hudson, many being killed in their flight. Hadley mill which had been garrisoned during the war was burned by straggling Indians in 1677. Hatfield was again attacked September 19th, the same year, and nine persons were killed and four wounded, and seventeen taken captive to Canada. Benjamin Waite and Stephen Jennings whose wives and children were among the captives, obtained permission from the government and went to Canada and ransomed the sur- vivors of the Hatfield prisoners during the following winter. While in captivity, Mrs. Waite had a daughter born whom she named Canada; and Mrs. Jennings also had one whom she named Captivity. There was great rejoicing when the captives returned home. The selectmen of Hadley ordered the meeting house palisaded, and that every male above the age of sixteen years carry to meeting arms and ammunition, under a penalty of one shilling for any neglect of such order. The army headquarters during the war had been with Rev. John Russell, and he had been to great expense in furnishing extra entertainment for the oflScers. Neglecting to solicit remuneration from the government, Mrs. Russell took the matter up and secured a grant of seventy-eight pounds thirteen shillings and eight pence. Comparative quiet reigned in Hadley for several years, enlivened at times by the actions of alleged witches. Finally Mary Webster was arrested for causing the death of Philip Smith by resorting to this art. She was tried in Boston and acquitted. She returned in fine feather, but "public opinion ran so high against her, that a number 'of brisk lads' of the town 'gave disturbance of the woman' on several occasions. At one time the 'disturbance' consisted in dragging her from her house and hanging her up till she was almost dead. After taking her down, they rolled her in the snow for some time, buried her in it, and there left her." She survived this "disturbance" process for eleven years, dying in 1696, aged about 70. From 1688 to 1698, King William's War raged. Castreen at- tacked Deerfield, and Indians were lurking around all the river towns, making constant "watch and ward" necessary. Richard Church of Hadley was murdered while hunting in the woods. Four New York Indians were arrested and after a jury trial two were convicted and shot. Deerfield, being the frontier town suffered much more than the other river settlements. 48 Old Hadley Next came Queen Anne's War, lasting from 1702 to 17 13. The destruction of Deerfield, February 29th. 1704, terrorized all the vallev settlers, as well as the government at Boston. In the meadow fight which followed, fourteen Hadlev men were engaged and Ser- geant Robert Boltwood, his son Samuel, Jonathan Ingham, and Nathaniel Warner, Jr., were killed and ten were wounded. Thomas Selden, a Hadlev man in the garrison, was also killed, and Joseph Eastman was among the captives taken to Canada. Father Rasle's War followed in 1722 and continued four years. Fort Dummer (near Brattleboro) was built in 1724 for the protection of the river towns. Captain Joseph Kellogg, a native of Hadley was in command ot Xorthheld. The fifth Indian war lasted from 1744 to 1748. Col. John Stoddard of Northampton was in command of the northern militia at the beginning, and Eleazer Porter of Hadlev was the second in command. The line of forts from Fort Dummer along the northern frontier to Fort Massachusetts on the Hoosac river was established. Forts were built, and houses palisaded in nearly every settlement. Manv men were drawn off bv the expedition for the siege and cap- ture of Louisburg. Captain Seth Pomeroy of Northampton had a command there in which were three Hadley men. Samuel Good- man and Joseph Scott of Hadley were among the heroic band who, under the command of Sergeant John Hawks of Deerfield, held at bav de \'audrieul with four hundred and fiftv French and three hundred Indians for nearly two davs. in their determined attack on Fort Massachusetts, August 19th, 1746. Sergeant Hawks had with him in the fort twenty soldiers, one chaplain, three women and five children. John Bridgman of Sunderland was killed in the first day's fight. At noon of the second dav a parley was called and propo- sitions were made by de Vaudrieul that if the fort was surrendered, the garrison should receive kind treatment and be taken captive to Canada. Hawks promised an answer in two hours. Finding eleven of his partv sick with dvsenterv, and that but little ammunition was left, the capitulation was made. The prisoners were treated with the greatest kindness on their long journey to Canada. The second day out, the wife of John Smead gave birth to a daughter. The Indians carried the mother and child upon an improvised litter. Samuel Goodman died in Canada, March 21st, 1747. The sixth and last Indian war commenced in 1 754and continued until 1763. Col. Ephraim V* illiams (the founder of Williams Col- lege) raised a regiment in the valley towns for service in this war. Captain Moses Porter of Hadley (a grandfather of Bishop Hunting- ton) commanded a company in this regiment. On the "bloody morning scout," September 8th, 1755, Col. \\ illiams, Captain Quarter Millennial 49 Porter, Henry Bartlett of Hadley, and forty-eight others were slain near Lake George, and twenty-four were wounded. During this war Hadley furnished forty-eight soldiers; South Hadley, fifty-four; Amherst, forty-two; and Granby, twenty-three. On the alarm caused by the massacre of the surrendered garrison at Fort William Henrv, Captain Moses Marsh of the Hadley militia, marched with thirtv-eight men as far as the Hudson River, where they were turned back. Captain Samuel Smith of South Hadley also marched with fifty-four men of his company. Eighty years of almost constant fighting, or in preparation for defence against the French and Indians, had developed a race of men skilled in warfare and the use of arms, which fact had immense influence in the greater struggle which was fast approaching with the mother country. Hadley in the Colonial Wars always performed her duties with credit and renown, and that reputation she has since nobly sustained. HAD LET IN THE REVOLUTION By "Judge Henry Stockbridge Ex-President General of the national society of the Sons of the American Revolution We are met tonight on sacred ground. Could yonder river rippling so peacefully along, could these ancient, clustering hills speak to us of the scenes of self-sacrifice, devotion and heroism enacted in this valley by the ancestors of those now gathered here, the tale would be one to fire the blood and make us all eager to pledge our own endeavors to do them fitting honor, and consecrate ourselves for zealous labor in behalf of a land they loved so well and to which \\t are so deeply indebted for the freedom and privileges which we enjoy. It is not within the limits allotted me to recall to your attention the days of King Philip's War, when scarce a family in this and the adjoining towns, escaped the loss of som.e mem- ber at the hands of the vengeful Indians; nor how when settle- ment after settlement was being abandoned, those who had taken up their home in this town remained firm, and made Hadley the center of operations. Nor can I dwell upon the self-sacrifice and devotion which a few years later led many of the same sturdy colonists to fare forth in the French and Indian War to aid their fellow- countrymen. But all of this needs to be borne in mind, for it was of such blood that came the men and women of the Revolutionary period. ^^ ith the first call to arms the men of this valley and of this town hastened to respond. And throughout all that long struggle, to the east, 50 Old Hadley north and south went the men of Hampshire County sturdily to battle. The tide of actual warfare spared this immediate vicinity, and it was far from home that they suffered and fought in summer's heat and winter's snows, but they faltered not, striving for a common purpose, the creation of a free nation to be self-governing and self- governed, a liberty which they might enjoy and hand down to their descendants, regulated by laws enacted by, not for them. Not less worthy of honored remembrance are the women of the Revolution. The strains of martial music, the excitement of the battle's din, the colors waving in the breeze, came to but few of the mothers, wives and daughters of that day. They saw those whom they loved best on earth go forth singly or in groups, and then they waited, toiled and watched. No electric current winged them messages, reports were infrequent and uncertain; for weeks and months they endured the uncertainty of how the loved ones fared, or whether indeed they still lived, and yet these devoted women labored patiently, unceasingly, that the war might go on, that success might be won, that liberty be gained, a priceless inherit- ance for their children. But patriotism is not limited by time or place. The need for it is as vital today in this republic as in the day of our ancestors. The descendants of those who fought at Bunker Hill, Crown Point or Ticonderoga are now scattered far and wide over a continent. They have organized patriotic societies, are per- petuating the memory of those to whom they owe so vast a debt, are marking the sites of those events which were momentous in our na- tion's history. And this is well and praiseworthy. But if they pause here, they belie their name. There is no nook or corner of this land where there is not a present patriotic work to be done, without which the liberties we now enjoy may be imperiled, leaving to our descendants a heritage tarnished and impaired by our own sloth and neglect. The demands for patriotism cover a wide range of matters of grave moment; each one of us in our own home, wherever it may be, does not have to look far afield to find a work to do; but he or she should be ready to apply himself or herself with zeal and devotion to the work which lies nearest to hand. I make suggestions simply along two lines: Of the 80,000,000 or so, who make up the population of this republic, nearly 16 per cent are foreign born. They have come among us to make their homes, here to rear their families and live their lives; for the most part they speak a foreign tongue, and know little or nothing of the principles upon which our government rests or even the true meaning of liberty. The question is not whether we like them or dislike them, whether we expect to choose our social Quarter Millennial 51 friends and acquaintances among them or not. The fact is, that they are here, that they have come to stay, and that they have come in numbers which are bound to make them a potent force for w^eal or woe in the government of this nation. If we would preserve our own ideals uncontaminated by the influences, the prejudices, the precon- ceived ideas of this great element of the population, it is our duty to teach them what this country stands for, what it was which was achieved by our independence, and how they, in their turn, can be- come the sharers of our privileges, and be entitled to the name "American." If we do not, we leave them a prey to the demagog who for selfish or base purposes may instill into them false concep- tions, and by his arts mold them to do his will. Another influence today is insidiously working throughout this country. The projectors and founders of this republic took as the corner stone of the building they proposed to rear, the liberty of the individual and the government of the people by the acts of the governed, and we see this preserved in the town meetings of this and other New England villages; but elsewhere the tide is slowly but steadily rising toward a government, neither by the people nor by the people's chosen representatives, but through boards and commissions appointed for and over the people. Some of the great cities of this country have already adopted this change; in some the powers of the representatives of the people have been much curtailed, and in many this altered form of govern- ment is openly advocated and seriously discussed. Its adoption amounts to neither more nor less than a confession that government by the people is a failure, that we are no longer competent to protect our rights and do justice to our fellowmen, as did our fathers in days of yore. I for one, do not believe that the day has yet come when we must write down in the pages of history that the ideals of a century and a quarter ago were impracticable, and that we have not today the honesty and ability to frame just laws and impartially enforce them, but must remit such duty to individuals selected for us. To combat successfully this tendency, two things are necessary: First, that we shall ourselves be ready to serve our country, state or nation, not for the profit or fame it may bring, but for the love we bear our country; and second, that while we do this ourselves we must instill into those about us the same spirit and the same readiness to do this work. The thought which I would leave with you this evening is that we, the descendants of the patriots of the early days of our nation's history, should more resolutely act the part of patriots in the present, to do it if need be at personal sacrifice of time, money or labor; to set an example of practical love of country, and by our acts no less 52 Old Hadley than by our words, demonstrate that we are worthy successors to those whom we call the heroes of the Colonial and Revolutionary periods of our country. HADLET IN THE CIVIL WAR By Rev. A. St. John Chatnbre Of the nearly two hundred men that Hadley furnished to the great Union Army, some served in eighteen regiments of infantry; some in five regiments of cavalry; some in two regiments of heavy artillery; and some in two batteries of light artillery. A number of these men were commissioned officers; but whether officers or men matters not. We rightly give honor to those who had the respon- sibility of official position; but we may not forget that the "man behind the gun" was a potent factor in the preservation of the Union, and the exaltation of the flag. However, we will all agree that Hadley made no greater con- tribution than that of Major-Gen. Joseph Hooker — in my view one of the grandest military men this country has produced. Hadley may well be proud that she gave birth to such a man. We never called him General Hooker. So deeply was he loved and trusted, that he was afi^ectionately known as "Old Joe." When the word went along the lines, "Old Joe is coming," the air would be rent with the cheers that greeted his approach and his departure. They were the cheers of absolute devotion and confidence. He was one of the handsomest, most inspiring, most loyal soldiers of the Republic. No commanding officer ever drew to him more loyal afi^ection, or greater admiration from those serving under him. His courage none ever dreamed of questioning. Where there was danger. Hooker was sure to be found. I have seen the shells bursting around him and heard the whistle of the bullets upon all sides, while he sat calm and undisturbed on his historic white horse. It was my fortune, and my great privilege, to know somewhat intimately. General Hooker. I have been not far from him, under almost all circumstances and conditions, by night and by day, in his tent, and upon the field. I think I knew his character and his habits. I think I knew him for what he was, and for what he desired to be and to do as a commanding general in the service of the United States. I have never known him to be false in any direction; and those who served under him from the banks of the Potomac to Lookout Mountain, can never be made to believe that he was not always all that a gentleman, an officer, a soldier should be. The charge has been made that General Hooker was not always hiijiself, because of having taken that which does no man any good, and does John H(j\vari) .Iewett IIev. Walter de Foke.st J(.)hn.S(ix Prest. W. E. Huntington .ll lil^K IIkMJV S'ldcK IIHI ikj-: Hon. C!eor(;e Siih:i.i>ii\ Some oj the cliicj speakers Quarter Millennial 53 many much evil. Men and women of Hadley, I want to say to you, emphatically, and because of personal knowledge, that you may say to anyone who brings this charge of intemperance against Joseph Hooker, "It is a lie!" Men and women of Hadley, you have a long line of splendid memories, culminating in Major-Gen. Joseph Hooker. More than forty years have passed since the war closed. Itself is becoming almost a memory. But the memory should be cherished. Many of your sons were left "dead upon the field of glory," some have died from disease contracted in the service, some suffered and lan- guished in southern prisons, some have returned and are still with you. These last are all that is left to you of one of the grandest and noblest armies the world has ever known, or is likely to know. Honor them, respect and cherish them, for what they have done and dared. Remember, that because of the struggle of which they were a part, our flag floats everywhere freely, proudly, triumphantly. Remem- ber, that out of that struggle this nation has won and holds the admiration of the whole world. WEDNESDAY— LAST DAY THE climax of old Hadley's celebration Wednesday exceeded even the highest anticipations. The limit of attendance talked of was 10,000; the immense crowd which viewed the parade in the morning numbered not less than 25,000. The old town, the efficient committees and all of the hundreds of people who contributed to the preparation for the last day of the celebra- tion covered themselves with glory. The people began pouring into the town at an early hour, and soon every means of transportation felt the strain of a demand far beyond its capacity. The street railway line ran its cars by twos early in the morning, and by the hour of the parade they were going as high as eight at a time and running with the greatest possible fre- quency. No car reached Hadley after 7 o'clock with standing room to spare, even on the running board, and in a short time the line was completely overwhelmed. The steam road ran extra coaches, but there was only one train from Northampton which arrived in Hadley in time for the parade. The Massachusetts Central division lost a rare opportunity for reaping a harvest, and it is understood that this occurred in spite of the fact that the general celebration committee had urged the company to run extra trains. The Northampton and Hadley highway was crowded all day with private and public auto- mobiles, omnibuses and carriages. But if there was difficulty in getting the people into Hadley, there was no trouble about their accommodation after they arrived. No parade of such extent and importance was ever witnessed under circumstances more comfort- able for the spectators. The fine celebration weather held to the end. The long rows of the famous Hadley elms, the deep grass- covered borders of the streets, and the seemingly limitless extent of the commons made ideal conditions for the pleasure of the im- mense throngs of spectators. The several divisions of the parade formed at the lower ends of Middle and West Streets. The start was made at 10 o'clock, and the line first passed up Middle Street and by the four corners at the town hall, where was congregated one of the largest masses of the celebration crowd. Here the various features were greeted with enthusiastic applause, and the line received another similar ovation as it passed by the four corners at West Street, where was assembled Quarter Millennial 55 a still greater multitude. The procession reached West Street by going through North Lane, then proceeded down the full length of the west side, crossed to the east side and went up to and through Russell Street to the town hall, where it disbanded. The line was more than a mile long and occupied about three-quarters of an hour in passing a given point. The historic pageantry was a most conspicuous and interesting feature. It comprised 11 Hadley floats, which had been projected and worked out under the direction of Clarence Hawkes, and in the same division was the important contribution made by the Gen. Joseph Hooker Association, representing Hooker's brigade, with Gen. Hooker in command. The floats were remarkably realistic presentations of the events and life which they were intended to portray. "The angel of Had- ley," "The burning of Hopkins Academy grist mill," with real smoke issuing from the crevices of the logs, "The presentation of Bur- goyne's sword," and the several other events depicted, were all in- stantly recognized and generously applauded. The troop of Indians following"The angel ofHadley"float were exceptionally well gotten up. The second division comprised floats from the sister and daugh- ter towns. Hatfield and South Hadley had directed their attention to artistic eff^ect and had produced two of the most beautiful features of the parade. Amherst and the Massachusetts Agricultural College may be said to have sought eff^ective presentation of ideas in accord with the scholarly traditions of the college town. Old Deerfield presented an almost uncomfortable suggestion of the fate which impended over the early settlers. Granby, Northampton, Sunder- land and Whately showed various phases of pioneer life. The third division represented the progress in development of methods of travel and there were a number of exhibits of ancient vehicles. The fourth division was illustrative of Hadley of today, and contained broom shop, sorting shop and trade floats, the Hadley fire department, a float contributed by the West Street girls, which in point of artistic beauty was scarcely exceeded by anything in the parade, and the grange float, which was also one of the strikingly eff^ective floats of the day. The fifth division presented a beautiful display of decorated carriages, and the sixth and last division com- prised effectively decorated automobiles. A pleasing incident of the parade occurred just before the line reached the reviewing stand at the tent on West Street, when W. L. Baker Grand Army post, 70 strong, commanded by J. P. Thompson, swung into line and marched a short distance. The parade was followed at noon by the impressive program of music, poetry and speaking which had been arranged for the prin- 56 Old Hadley cipal anniversary meeting. After dinner the people reassembled in the celebration tent, where an informal program of congratulatory speeches from representatives of mother, sister and daughter towns, and other distinguished guests, happily concluded the events of Hadlev's remarkably successful 250th anniversary celebration. The order of procession was as follows: — Marshal, Leslie R. Smith. Deputy marshals, Chester Smith, William Sanders, W. H. Parker, William McGrath, E. F. Ryan, Charles Byron, Emerson Searle, Charles Pelissier, Walter Kellogg, E. S. Marsh, Charles Thayer. Carriage with Lieut.-Gov. Frothingham, Judge Henry Stock- bridge, president of the day; John Gough Sutton, direct descendant of GofFe, the regicide; Dr. F. H. Smith, chairman of the general committee. Carriage with Capt. John Nicholson and Capt. W. C. Pond of the governor's staff, Cornelius Callahan and J. S. Barstow, selectmen. Carriage with Capt. E. L. Logan and Lieut. Freeman Hinckley of the governor's staff, Rev. T. A. Emerson, pastor of the Hadley First Church; Clarence Hawkes. Carriage with Selectmen John C. Ryan, Thomas J. Ryan and C. Edward Warner, and Town Clerk L. H. Kingsley of Hatfield. Carriage with C. K. Morton, J. E. Porter, M. J. Ryan and L. L. Pease of Hatfield. Carriage with the Wethersfield delegation, comprising Rev. George L. Clark, Selectman A. W, Hamner, ex-Selectman J. G. Adams and Treasurer J. F. Wells. This delegation carried a banner with blue field, on which was inscribed in yellow letters, "Greetings of Wethersfield to her daughter." Division I. Marshal, R. J. McQueston. The Hadley float section. It was led by the Stevens band of Chicopee Falls and the floats were as follows : — Hockanum float, "Indians deed the land, 1659" (Mrs. Elliott Johnson, chairman) — Woodland scene with cedar trees, logs and stumps, trimmings of white and light green and boxwood flowers. Three Puritans, one of them writing the deed and the others handing to the Indians the articles of payment. The Puritans were repre- sented by Luther Barstow, Richard Thayer and Ernest Russell, and the Indians by Oscar Johnson, Harold Barstow and Raymond Shipman. The float was drawn by four horses, covered with blankets of white bordered with green. Russellville float, "Red man or white" (William P. Ryan, chairman)— A genuine log cabin with the bark still on the logs in the foreground; in the rear a wigwam of the savages. The floor of Quarter Millennial 57 the float was covered with evergreens, the wheels were hidden by decorations of red and white bunting and along the sides were minia- ture hedges of evergreen. Hemlock trees in each corner. Two of the settlers were represented by Miss Nellie M. Hickey, who sat in front of the cabin knitting, and Henry E. Ryan, who was engaged in whittling an ax helve; a flintlock gun close at hand. Facing them, in front of the wigwam, sat two Indians, represented by Miss Florence W. Adams and Fred M. Day. This float was drawn by four horses decorated in red and white. West Street float, "Angel of Hadley" (Clarence Hawkes, chair- man) — Model of the church, with arms of the worshipers stacked on either side of the door and sunflowers growing near the steps; Indians partly concealed in a thicket, and arrows and tomahawks sticking in the door; the regicide, Goff'e, known in Colonial history as the angel of Hadley, pushing open the door and pointing toward the Indians with his sword. This float was followed by mounted Indians of King Philip. The part of Goff'e was taken by B. W. Coggswell. Hopkins Academy float, "Burning of grist-mill at North Hadley" (F. H. Smith, chairman) — Mill of weathered boards, bags of grain and disused millstone near the door, smoke issuing from doors and windows, dead white man lying in doorway, scalped and pierced by arrow; back of mill, savages yelling and brandishing tomahawks. This float was drawn by four black horses, caparisoned in yellow and white, the colors of Hopkins Academy, and having upon the housing of each horse, the coat of arms of Governor Hopkins. East Hadley float, "The Hadley witch" (R. M. Smith, chair- man) — Out-of-doors scene, with bushes, a small tree and rough board fence; leaning against the tree the Hadley witch, having a black cat in her arms, a yellow bird on her shoulder and a broom at her side; at the turnstile in the fence the bailiff^ leaned on his staff^, and three women behind the fence reviled the witch, while a fright- ened child crouched under a bush. The float was draped in black, relieved by a few red poppies, and was drawn by four white horses. The witch was Miss Lucia Eddy, the bailiff^ Frank Greene, the child Sybil Frink, and the enraged women Miss Edith Frink, Mrs. Chester Smith and Miss Phoebe Demers. North Hadley float, "Ye old-time kitchen" (Arthur Howe, chairman) — Old-fashioned kitchen, with fireplace in which logs are burning, large beam in the ceiling, strung with dried apples, squash and herbs, ancient kitchen furniture, crane on which pot is hung over the fire, outfit of iron kettles and other kitchen utensils actually in use a century ago; above the mantel a deer's head with flintlock musket resting on the antlers; decorations, a white canopy and red trimmings; four women engaged in paring apples, churning with 58 Old Hadley old-time up-and-down churn, and performing other kitchen work. The women were Mrs. Richard Hibbard, Mrs. Charles Shaw, Mrs. William Comins and Mrs. Wesley Stockwell, The float was drawn by four gray horses with red plumes. Hartsbrook float, "Ye log school-house" (Fred Pelissier, chair- man) — A school-house built of logs, with thatched roof, teacher seated near the door outside the building, pupils studying, working samplers and playing, friendly Indians visible in the bushes near by; decorations of orange and blue bunting, red poppies and sunflowers. The teacher was Miss Julia Sartwell, the pupils Stanley West, Joseph Barber, Delphina Barlow and Ruth Sabin, and the Indians, Joseph Benben, Arthur Smith and Clifton Morton. New Boston float, " French and Indian War" (Mrs. H. E. Smith, chairman) — Float and canopy decorated in purple and orange bunt- ing, with display of English roses in cornucopias at the front corners and purple fleur-de-lis in cornucopias at the back corners; British soldiers in full uniform at the front, headed by General Wolfe, and French soldiers at the back, headed by General Montcalm, flags of both nations displayed. The English group comprised D. Homer Keedy as General Wolfe, Harold Sollows as scout, Martin Pierce and Lewis Gardner, and the French party, Edward Coff^ee as Mont- calm, Frank Goodman as Indian chief, William Phillips and Patrick Russell. Float, " Burgoyne presents his sword" (Elliott J. Aldrich, chair- man) — A room in Colonel Porter's house, walled and ceiled in the colonial colors of blue and white, furniture that which was in the room when the original scene was enacted and the actual sword in the hands of the person representing General Burgoyne; Colonel Porter in the act of receiving the sword, members of General Bur- goyne's stafi^ standing near him, and Colonel Porter's wife and son in the room. The principal parts were taken as follows: General Burgoyne, Fordyce Reynolds; Colonel Porter, Samuel Bell; Mrs. Porter, Mrs. John Kratzer; Colonel Porter's son, Louis Crosier. The housings of the four horses had a blue field, with white border, and the letters " D. A. R." in yellow, the float having been prepared by Old Hadley chapter of Daughters of the American Revolution. This float was followed by Colonial soldiers conducting British red- coats as prisoners to Boston. Middle Street float, "Hooker's farewell to his mother" (Frank Pelissier, chairman) — Model of Hooker house, with porch and section of the lawn, Mrs. Hooker on the porch, Cadet Hooker about to take his departure, while a cadet waits on the lawn to accompany him; house decorated in the national colors, and the four horses carried red, white and blue plumes and small flags. The part of Cadet Quarter Millennial 59 Hooker was taken by Thomas Cahill and the part of Mrs. Hooker by Mrs. Nicholas Powers. Float, "Spirit of '61" (H. C. Russell, chairman) — A tent about which were soldiers of Co. F of the 37th Massachusetts volunteers; on the ridgepole company and regimental designation, and con- spicuously displayed a card bearing titles of the 20 battles in which the company was engaged; Uncle Sam, seated beside the driver, carried a banner, inscribed on one side, "Boys of '61," and on the other, "Hadley sent 212 boys to the war;" bugler sounded the army calls. The soldiers on this float were these members of Co. F: H. C. Russell, F. P. Wheeler and Joseph F. Smith of Hadley, F. J. Stockbridge of Northfield, George L. Cooley of Sunderland, H. W. Field of Leverett and B. R. Franklin of Springfield. This float was drawn by four gray horses, decorated with red, white and blue plumes. Four Sons of Veterans rode at the heads of the horses, and four rode at the corners of the float. General Hooker and the Hooker brigade — Co. I of Northamp- ton, armed and equipped in every detail as soldiers of the Civil War. This was the contribution of the Hooker Association of Massachu- setts to the day's program, and the association went to considerable expense to reproduce the old Civil War equipments and uniforms. Richard H. Hibbard of North Hadley impersonated General Hooker, and was mounted on a white horse and wore the "dicky" charac- teristic of the general. The greater part of his uniform was that actually worn by Hooker, the spurs being worn at Antietam, where a rebel bullet knocked out one of the rowels, which was afterward replaced by the headquarters blacksmith. The sword carried was Hooker's staffs sword, worn by him during the Mexican War. Four mounted cavalry sergeants followed "Gen. Hooker," one carrying the headquarters standard of the commander of the army of the Potomac. The others carried the battle flags of the ist army corps, the 20th army corps, and the 2d division of the 3d corps. The latter division was the one commanded by General Hooker in the Peninsular campaign. Co. I of Northampton, impersonating "Hooker's men," was organized as a battalion of Hooker's old brigade, Capt. Charles S. Riley acting as colonel in command. The men wore the old McClellan caps, with the corps badges which Hooker first introduced, the old-style uniforms, blanket rolls, tin dippers, and heavy infantry equipments, the gray canteens and glazed haversacks, and carried the old muzzle-loading Springfield rifles of Civil War days. The appearance of "Hooker's men" brought back to many Grand Army men present vivid recollec- tions of their army days, and the whole was a feature of excep- tional interest. 6o Old Hadley Division 2. Marshal, E. P. West. The daughter and grand- daughter and sister towns sent floats to make up the second divi- sion, which was led by the Northampton band. Immediately follow- ing was a wagon containing five girls with banners representing Hadley, Hatfield, Amherst, South Hadley and Granby. The town floats were as fallows : — The Hatfield float represented Industry and Prosperity. It carried the town seal on each side. The float was drawn by four white horses. The trimmings of the body of the float and the canopy were yellow and white, and goldenrod. Five young women repre- sented Industry, working at spinning wheels, flax wheels and sam- plers. Miss Anna Day represented Prosperity and was surrounded by several attendants. The float was accompanied by a guard on foot dressed in continental military uniforms. The Amherst float represented the college and Noah Webster. It was trimmed in the college colors, purple and white, with the col- lege seal on each side, was drawn by four gray horses with the driver dressed as a colonial soldier. Sedately seated in the center was a well-known Amherst woman, to represent Minerva, the goddess of wisdom. She was clad in the customary long robe, bearing the egis on her breast and armed with the golden helmet and spear, and perched aloft was a wondrously big white owl. In the rear there was a mammoth representation of the latest edition of Webster's Dictionary that stood eight feet high, six wide and four thick, the first edition of which was compiled for the most part in Amherst. The South Hadley float was drawn by three fine bay horses abreast. The float, entirely of white and gold, bore 10 young women who carried out the symbolism of the town seal. They represented "manufactures, agriculture and education." Three platforms, each smaller and higher than the one below it, formed the basis of the float. There was one young woman on each corner of the first and second platforms and two on the top platform, all in graceful Greek costumes of white and gold. Each young woman, seated, held something to carry out the symbolism. The float was designed by the committee of which Dr. D. E. Harriman was chairman. Associated with him were Fred M. Smith and M. J. Moriarty. The Granby float represented three generations: Hadley, the grandmother was represented by an old woman robed in the style of 200 years ago. She was seated on a pedestal, while just below on either side were two women to represent the daughter town of South Hadley. They were garbed in the style of 100 years ago. A half- dozen young girls dressed in white occupied the space below, or the body of the float. These represented the granddaughter town of '//;// /uiiilry jii^-1S Printing, 19-25 Sanitary expense. 56.97 Loss in sale of official badges. 71.27 Sundry expenses not enumerated. 323 -95 ^2,124.78 ;^2,i24.78 Balance unexpended, $202.23 That the marvelously successful street pageant required no larger expenditure by the parade committee can be explained only by calling attention to the very generous contributions of time and money by men and women in every village and street in the town and to the elaborate displays made by four daughter and four sister towns. The committee's acknowledgments are hereby given for all the assistance received throughout the celebration and the weeks of preparation. Hadlcy Grange float Decorated carriages Decorated automobile Quarter Millennial 93 The buildings decorated with flags and bunting for the celebra- tion included the Town Hall, First Church, Goodwin Library, Central School Building, new Hopkins Academy, Shipman's Store, Elmwood Hotel, and the homes of the following persons on West Street: Francis Reynolds, Charles Reynolds, William McGrath, Robert McQueston, James Byron, Mrs. Annie Connolly, James Regan, S. D. Smith, J. A. Crosier, Clarence Hawkes, George Gay- lord, Louis Crosier, Mrs. George Clark, John Halpin, Joseph Smith, E. J. Aldrich, C. P. Wood, Joseph Paola, Mrs. Reardon, Charles Pelissier, William Keefe, Samuel R. Bell, the Lucius Crain house, and the "Wellworth." On Middle Street: Dr. Frank H. Smith, Rev. T. A. Emerson, William Walsh, Miss Agnes Ayres, Elam Allen, Adolph Pelissier, R. H. Horton, Henry Burt, L. D. Smith, L. A. Gardner, Ansel Richardson, R. L. Cook, James Burke, Patrick Keating, Austin Cook, Nicholas Powers, John Mahoney, George Newton, Thomas Burke, L. E. Crosier, George Marsh, James McGrath, Samuel Shaw. On Russell Street: H. S. Shipman, R. L. Gaylord, Reuben Bell, T. D. Morton, H. L. Waite, F. D. Sanders, Monroe Sanderson, Jason Lyman, George Richette, John Maynard. On New Boston Street: J. R. Callahan. The Sunday Morning Service in North Hadley was conducted by Rev. J. W. Lane, the pastor, assisted by Rev. J. D. Willard, grandson of Mr. Lane's predecessor. Rev. W. H. Beaman. A solo was sung by Miss May Phillips, whose mother was organist of the church 30 years ago. At the close of the morning worship a memorial service was held in the cemetery. The big tent which sheltered such a large number of people during the four days of the celebration was 60 years old, though it was so well preserved that no one would have suspected it was not comparatively new. When it was 25 years old it was in service at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876. It was used at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893; and it served in San Francisco as one of the shelters for those made homeless by the great earthquake. The Genealogical Comm.ittee worked for months preceding the anniversary to be ready to assist visitors in tracing- their ancestry back to the orginal 63 settlers on both sides of the river. A gilt star for each of the pioneers whom the person registering could claim as an ancestor was gummed to the person's badge. A little four months old infant from North Amherst secured 29 such stars. The children of Dr. and Mrs. Smith of Hadley had 28 stars to their credit; and there were many other badges exhibiting over 20 stars. 94 Old Hadley The principal address fifty years ago was delivered by Bishop Huntington; and it is interesting to note that we are indebted for the principal address on the present occasion to a son of Rev. William Huntington, the Bishop's eldest brother. A cannon which boomed at sunrise on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday added to the liveliness of the celebration. It was bought especially for this purpose by Robert McQueston. The gun origin- ally had a place in some old fort in York State, but for many years was owned by the well-known collector of antiquities, Waldo Whit- comb of Northampton. Mr. Whitcomb was in the habit of lending it, in charge of some person who could be trusted to use it judiciously, to the "boys" whenever elections or Fourth of July or other public occasion seemed to call for an expression of feeling in a superlative amount of noise. The firing in Hadley was done under the expert direction of John Pelissier who has seen service in the United States Navy in the Philippines. He and his helpers, in their enthusiasm the first morning, charged the gun so heavily that when they fired it the carriage was broken. However, it was hustled off to a repair shop and by night was ready for duty again. On Monday and Tuesday it was fired on the road to the cemetery, and Wednesday on Russell Street. A single report was supposedly sufficient to assure the sun- rise, but the gunners added one or two extra discharges that there might be no mistake about it. The climax came Wednesday morn- ing when the gun was taken to the river bank above Indian Hill and the arrival at the celebration of the party representing the governor of the state was given an official salute of 17 shots. The rising of the sun on Wednesday was also encouraged by the ringing of the bells in the First and Russell Churches, and the ardor of the ringers can be judged by the fact that it is affirmed they would be ringing yet if the celebration authorities had not stopped them at the end of about half an hour. Mr. Allen Nash of Worcester was responsible for the pealing notes from the belfry of the old First Church and his contemporaries at once recognized his handiwork which none of the modern generation could hope to rival. At a meeting of the First Church Parish held soon after the celebration a vote was passed accepting the gift of a clock for the church spire. A contract was made with the Seth Thomas Clock Company for five hundred dollars, and the installation will be com- pleted before this book reaches the public. Portions of the former clock are preserved. It is not recorded when this earlier timepiece was put in place, but many persons remember that it was too badly worn to be reliable a half century ago. God of Our Fathers-A Hadley Hymn ^""^^ '"^ Music by Clarence Hawla F^jr^ u ^''-6"™?"^ 'he Par -,- Mn, Who writ - est man -dates on the hearts of LordGod what cour- age had thy men of old. Strengthened by Thee, how stout their h«S and Theysought not wealib.they sought not pow-r nor fame. The con-queror's spoil was not foT wh^^ TxA Tl!°"i ^^1 A - •'V'^'' ^''^" '•''^o'^'d be - gan. For - ev - er Thou art God, bold. 1 hey Uunched their baric up - on an un - known flood. With - out a chart a sea of came: But dr.v - en Jience by per - se - cu - tion's rod. To seek new homes and wor - «hip . — , „.,. „, -..1.1.^,. uj jyti - oc -(.u - lion s roa, io S€ se>me.ui)i».t auiclcer ^"nd.XldUr.-'^o^'LTe-:;^?;' " I^„",' I:, ^^ ."e «amesand keep a- vale Nor -wot-tuck bunt ^nd build-e^d^rt Z ttuJ "nf - t\f ^e^ t' - da7 ' tc' W the fires. Up . on the sa - cred shnek and moan To drown their pra/rs a «1 - e - brate, God save Nor - wot - tuck rqrr heanh stones of our scend ing to God's throne. and the old Bay Scate! A Song of Hadley Words by Julia Taft Bayne ± Music by Clifcon |ohnsof> ^^ g *'/' H' i f ^ ^ Sy=i±z|g:z^ ^^ ¥ 1. In the sto - ry of the 2. Where the long, bright riv - er 3. Tell of Had - ley's old - en 4. May the cent - uries soft - ly S a - ges. Told by po - ets aiid by sa - ges- go- ing South -ward clasps thee in its flow - ing, glo - ry, Tel! the res - cue an - gel's sto - ry- sweeping Hold thee in their ten - der keep -ing. ^ b: tt ^ H;-Htf-^ =^=4^^^^ ¥=^ i ^^ ^m =»=F Where the Sit - ting in How were saved Moth - er of On im - per - ish - a - ble Thou art reap - ing of thy In the blood - y In - dian Where thy stor - ied dead are pa - ges- sow - ing fo - ray- sleep - ing ^^ prrrpQ m lip thee sad - ly, Dear Old Had • ley! Moth - er Had - ley! Brave Old Had . ley! Dear Old Had • ley! j. I ^ear Kj\a naa • le Dear Moth Brave Dear Old Old Had Had Had Had ^ ley! ley! ley! ley'. m THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW. Series 9482 ■■■■■■I