HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO IRLF CROFTS GIFT OF M r*. f- HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. HOW TO MAKE A Jl f rarttral featiss fnr CONTAINING NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS AND DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONSTRUCTING A SMALL DYNAMO, TO PRODUCE THE ELECTRIC LIGHT. BY ALFKED CKOFTS. THIRD EDITION. REVISED AND ENLARGED. Bonbon : CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON, 7, STATIONERS' HALL COURT, LUDGATE HILL, E.G. 1890. [All Rights Reserved.] C7 O-n^cz-eLt. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. THE first and second editions of this little book being so rapidly disposed of; the sale of over 2,000 copies is sufficient evidence that a want existed for such an inexpensive little work, not only by amateur electricians to whom the treatise was originally addressed, but by professed engineers and mechanics at home and abroad, who have by its aid made their own dynamos to light their dwellings or workshops. The patrons of the former editions included amateurs of rank as well as hard working mechanics, while several letters expressive of delight have reached the Author, for which he takes the present opportunity of returning his thanks, and for the support accorded to the two past editions. That the instructions were carefully worked out by experiment before being printed, an extract from an Engineer's letter appearing on page 11 will confirm. 464551 YK PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. During the run of the first and second editions many tons of castings for working these little dynamos have been turned out at the Phoenix Foundry in Dover under the Writer's supervision, and have been sent to America, Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland, &c. It is most desirable, however, that the iron employed should be soft, otherwise the efficiency of the generator would be affected ; therefore, to obtain satisfactory results, it is imperative to secure first class castings. In the Appendix will be found some useful additional particulars of a Dynamo with wrought iron field cores, the shoulders of which can be easily turned up in a small lathe, and by employing a gramme ring armature and commutator as described will easily light seven twenty-candle-power lamps to their full brilliancy. With these remarks " How TO MAKE A DYNAMO " enters upon its THIRD EDITION. 7, CLARENDON PLACE, DOVER, March, 1890. HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. CHAPTEE I. WHILST the increasing numbers of professed electricians have during recent years greatly aided in developing the use of electricity, there is yet very much good work done by a considerable body of students in this science outside the rank and file, who, with no expectation of fee or reward for their labour beyond the gratification it affords them work hard, both mentally and physically, in scheming and manufacturing some electrical instru- ment or machine they form, both at home and abroad, a large volunteer force of amateur elec- tricians. Since the more general application of electricity to the purposes of illumination, this branch of electrical engineering has recruited its ranks with many who possess a scientific turn of mind, and welcome every opportunity of gaining some insight into the interesting and fascinating subject of Electric Lighting. The amateur's productions may sometimes be despised by their more accomplished professional brethren ; yet frequently scientific models may be 8 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. seen at the Industrial Exhibitions and Schools of Engineering, of a nature sufficiently encouraging indeed to stimulate other novices to imitate, and considering the crude tools and appliances by which such productions are often accomplished, they frequently show workmanship that is highly credit- able to the makers. But there are two classes of amateur electrical engineers, just as among experimenters in other branches of science, viz. : the one with a well-filled purse, and the other with but a few shillings at his command ; and yet how often the latter with his scanty assortment of tools, will turn out the best work ! There is yet another disadvantage that some amateurs have to deal with, viz. : the want of time for working ; perhaps only a few minutes can be snatched in the dinner hour, or after the day's toil in some other occupation is over. Many of the pioneers of electricity were but amateurs in the true sense of the word ; men who had strayed from the path of their legitimate calling. A telegraph instrument which still bears the inventor's name the Morse printer was the out- come of an amateur's brain. Samuel Morse was an artist by profession, but was attracted into the path of science, and left the painter's easel to pursue the study of electricity, and it was on board ship, with all the disadvantages of scanty and inferior work- shop appliances, that this dabbler in electrical science conceived his brilliant idea, and worked out MICHAEL FAEADAY. 9 the models of his recording telegraph, an instrument which holds a leading position in telegraphy to the present day in binding the world together in friendly intercourse. The illustrious Faraday, whose portrait appears in the Frontispiece, did not start life in a business associated with electricity in any way ; as he was apprenticed to a bookbinder, but an attendance upon some lectures by Sir Humphry Davy drew his enquir- ing mind to the study of electricity. With a few pieces of sealing wax, some copper wire, and sundry pieces of iron and steel, he made those startling discoveries by which he has left as a monument of Fame to his memory, the knowledge of those laws of nature whose secrets he laid bare in all their surprising beauty. To one not articled or apprenticed to science, but who followed her sincerely as a devoted servant, is due the unfolding of those hidden laws in magnetism and electricity which now guide the electrician of the present day in the work which he performs. The amateur electrician possessing even the most scanty stock of tools, may nevertheless be able to construct many useful electrical articles, (such as a galvanometer, induction coil or battery) without the complete workshops of his more wealthy brethren ;. for it is surprising what an insight may be gained by the manufacture of such appliances, and their usefulness may be measured by the fact that Franklin demonstrated the identity of lightning with electricity by means of a sheet of brown paper, 10 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. a ball of twine or silk thread and an iron key. Another illustration of an amateur is to be found in Arkwright, who perfected his invention of the spinning machine in the uncongenial atmosphere of a barber's shop ; and with the further disadvantage of a wife who had a persistent dislike to his design- ing machinery, and once smashed his models on the very eve of their completion. She frequently rebuked him for neglecting his lucrative occupation of shaving customers, and often supplemented her censure with u cuss the cheenery." A further example of the value of an amateur may be observed in the father of railways, George Stephenson, inventor of the locomotive, who developed his remarkable engineering skill in the obscurity of a coal mine, adding to his slender earnings by mending a neighbour's clock or watch. It is also no secret that Edison, the clever inventor of modern times, commenced his business career as a newspaper boy on a railway in America, and some of his early experiments were conducted in a corner of the break-van during such moments that could be spared during intervals of the sales of newspapers. The foregoing instances of celebrated amateur's skill and inventive genius are noted to show that great results may spring from early tastes displayed by the tyro in science, and in order that the reader, especially if he be juvenile and with a fancy for electrical engineering, may not be discouraged by inconveniences, both mechanical and financial, as AN ENGINEERS LETTER. 11 they arise. With some bold minds it appears quite immaterial how great the apparently insuperable obstacles may be with which they are confronted, their determination to succeed generally leads them to triumph over all difficulties. Many amateurs of the present day are the happy possessors of a lathe, (the most enviable tool for all young aspirants to electrical engineering,) and the owner of say a 4J in. or 5 in. centre back geared lathe with slide rest, will find such an appendage to his workshop extremely useful in the construction of the machine these instructions refer to, viz. : a serviceable little dynamo which so many tyros are ambitious to rig up for themselves, and which, when completed, will afford complete satis- faction to the maker, as it will enable him, by means of his own skill, to display an installation of the electric light, as the following extract from a letter received by the Author, will confirm : METROPOLITAN ASYLUM DISTRICT, Darenth, near Dartford, Kent, Aug. 5th, 1889. Dear Sir, I have very great pleasure in informing you, that by means of your admirable castings, and explicit book on " How to make a Dynamo" I have satisfactorily constructed a 120 candle power dynamo. I had it running for four hours after I finished it, with six of Edison's swan 46 volt lamps, to their full brilliancy ; and I must tell you that an electrical expert, Mr. Dale, whom I know, said it was all that could be desired. Yours &c., HENBY GILES, Engineer. To Mr. Alfred Crofts, Electrician, Dover. 12 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. CHAPTEK II. As a general rule the amateur pays rather dearly for the materials required in carrying out his hobby ; and it is seldom that the tyro in mechanical matters can dispose of his productions with any advantage to himself, but, on the contrary, with a certain loss of money, patience and time ; therefore, in a financial point of view, it would be false economy for him to attempt the manufacture of a set of models for a single dynamo, as the patterns require to be made with the greatest exactness and finish in order that the resulting castings from them should be perfect in every respect. Pattern making, like moulding, is a skilled branch of its own, and as the Dover foundry is now making a speciality of soft iron castings of small dynamos, which are obtainable by the amateur ready to hand, he can be fairly started with the necessary substantial materials at a moderate cost, and, apart from the knowledge that will be gained by building his own dynamo, it will, if carefully made, leave a margin of remuneration for the labour bestowed upon it, as the requisite materials can be bought for at least one-fourth of what it would cost to buy the finished article. By following a machine of good repute there is no costly experience to purchase in making trials, as amateurs often do, upon vague THE FIRST ELECTRIC LIGHT. 13 ideas of their own, nor the risk of disappointing results, yet one word of caution is necessary do not be in too much hurry, as sometimes an amateur's zeal is apt to confirm an established maxim " the more haste, the less speed/' Before describing the type of dynamo to be selected, it will be worth while to take a retrospective glance at the early history of the electric light, and its progress through the employment of magneto electric generators and the modern dynamo. The electric arc was first displayed at the Eoyal Institution by Sir Humphry Davy in the year 1801. He employed a large number of galvanic cells, from which two wires were led to a couple of charcoal pencils: these pieces of charcoal were brought together and afterwards slightly separated, when a brilliant light was emitted from the ends thus almost touching. At this stage, however/the electric light could only be regarded as a wonderful scientific toy for the philosopher, since the troublesome and costly method of generating electricity by the chemical action of batteries prevented its use from becoming general for illumination purposes, and for a long time it was confined to the lecture hall and stage, until, in the year 1831, the time arrived when nature whispered her secret of the laws of MAGNETIC INDUCTION into the ears of Michael Faraday, the son of a 14 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. village blacksmith. Young Faraday had become the pupil of Sir Humphry Davy, who perceived qualities in the country blacksmith's son which indicated that he was better adapted for scientific research than in following the trade of a bookbinder, which he had commenced learning. Professor Davy afforded the lad every opportunity of gratifying his particular taste, and the young philosopher pursued the study of science with such devoted love that nature bestowed upon him her reward; for she selected him as the man of genius to unfold her hidden mysteries, and to proclaim to an astonished world how currents of electricity could be generated in a coil of wire when suddenly brought near, and quickly removed from the poles of a magnetised bar of iron or steel. This brilliant discovery was the starting point which ultimately led to mechanical energy being converted into light by means of MAGNETO ELECTRIC GENERATORS, with which in the early Alliance machines constructed by Nollett, of Brussels, and subsequently improved by Holmes, of England, some of the first important experiments in electric lighting were carried out at the South Foreland lighthouses, St. Margarets, near Dover. The magneto generators are still in use at these lighthouses, and are constructed upon the prin- ciple of Faraday's discovery of magnetic induction by which coils of insulated copper wire are rapidly rotated near the poles of fixed steel horse-shoe- SOUTH FORELAND LIGHTHOUSES. 15 shaped permanent magnets ; the rapid revolution of these coils of wire produces alternate currents of electricity ; the exciting magnets are arranged in fixed circular form with their N and S poles placed alternately, and separated by equal spaces ; the moving coils of insulated wire are placed at regular distances upon a revolving drum, and constitute what is termed an armature ; when these coils in their rapid revolution approach the pole ends of the stationary steel magnets, a momentary current of electricity is induced in one direction, and upon the coils receding from these exciting field magnets, an instantaneous current is also established, but in an opposite direction to the former one. Machines of this type are known as alternating current generators, and it may be remarked that in electric arc lamps worked on this system the upper and lower carbons burn away equally, an important consideration in lighthouses, since the focus of the arc can be main- tained at one fixed point. A series of alternating currents are developed in a single revolution of the armature, the changes of current being dependent upon the number of magnets passed by the coils in their circular path of rotation. De Meritens, of France, has also made improvements in magneto machines, both as regards reduced size and slower speed ; the coils of wire in the De Meritens' armature are of ring form, but built up in annular shaped sections. In this, as in Holmes', there is no commutator required, since the two extremities of the entire wire covering the ring 16 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. furnish the alternating current for the arc. Magneto electric generators, however, excepting for light- houses and other special purposes, have been superseded by DYNAMO ELECTKIC MACHINES, for based upon the laws of magnetic induction, modern science has developed generators known as dynamo machines, in which the steel exciting magnets are dispensed with, and the iron carcase of the machine is wound with insulated copper wire in such a manner as to form two electro-magnetic poles, one of north and the other of south polarity, when a current of electricity is caused to flow through the wire ; iron does not retain magnetism like steel, although it is susceptible of a higher degree of magnetic power, and the horn-shaped pole pieces of a dynamo which embrace the armature, being of cast iron, will contain some residual magnetism after the current from a galvanic battery has been passed through the wires surrounding the limbs of the field magnets which are connected to the pole pieces. The magnetism remaining in the poles is but weak, yet is sufficient to induce a current of electricity to flow in the wire of the armature, when it is quickly revolved between them. The current thus generated in the armature is conducted through the wire system of the field magnets, thus augment- ing their exciting power, and consequently increasing the current first induced in the armature, which THE GRAMME DYNAMO. 17 again re-acts upon the field magnets in a much stronger degree, and they in turn excite an in- tensified current in the armature, and so on, until a powerful current is obtained. This is the principle of a dynamo of which the Gramme (Fig. 1) is a FIG. 1. leading type, for after the patent had expired in 1884, makers sprang up all round to manufacture it, 18 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. either in the original form, or with certain question- able improvements, which confirmed the high reputation this dynamo had acquired during the successful run of its patent, and from the published results of trials conducted at the South Foreland in experimental competition with other good machines. As the Gramme presents fewer constructional diffi- culties than some of its competitors, and produces a direct current at a moderate speed, it will be the best kind for an amateur to set about making, and presuming a fair knowledge of the use of tools, he will be able, in following these instructions, to construct a really useful dynamo after the style of Fig. 1, which represents one of the original machines. COMMENCING THE DYNAMO. 19 CHAPTEE III. IN starting upon the dynamo there will be first required an iron carcase, of such design as will produce a large electro-magnet, with its north and south poles resulting in the middle of the structure that is left uncovered with wire. An electro-magnet in its usual form consists of two bars of iron, having an end of each united by a cross-piece of the same metal, a quantity of insulated wire being wound upon the limbs or bars, so that when a current of electricity traverses the wire, it renders the free ends of the bars magnetic, the cross-piece remaining unmagnetised. In the small dynamo to be described, the cross pieces are formed by the standards, the limbs or bars will hereafter be known as the field cores, and are so wound with wire as to produce consequent poles of north and south polarity. By employing two bars, one projecting from each side of a pole piece, the winding of each bar must be in different directions ; sufficient iron must also be used in the field cores, so that they do not become too soon saturated, and thereby prove detrimental to the steady working of the machine. Fig. 1 gives a general idea of the shape the dynamo is 20> HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. intended to assume when completed. It will, how- ever, be observed in the illustration, that the brushes are held by bosses cast upon the pole pieces; whereas, in the dynamo to be described, this method will be dispensed with, and a more convenient arrangement employed by attaching a rocking holder to one of the standards of the machine. An in- creased portion of iron in these bosses at the polar extremities is not desirable, but rather a gradual increase of metal towards the crown of the arch. In the engraving, Fig. 1, lubricators are shown upon the top of each standard, in which there is a hole bored to provide a passage for oil to the bearings of the shaft ; in the dynamo now to be described, how- ever, its lubricators can be conveniently arranged in receptacles in the standards immediately over the bearings, where they can be snugly out of the way. An eye bolt also appears upon the upper pole piece, for the purpose of lifting or removing the dynamo by a hook or bar, and this may, if desired, be reproduced in the machine about to be commenced. Leaving these small preliminary differences, the necessary articles required for the complete machine may be summarised as follows : The upper and lower iron field magnet cores and poles, Fig. 8 also shown in section (Fig. 2). A pair of iron standards (Figs. 4 and 5). Gun-metal bearings for the axle (Fig. 6). The steel axle (Fig. 7). Pair of gun-metal supports for armature (Fig. 8). Laminated punchings, for armature, K. (Figs. 2, 9, and 10). PARTS OF THE DYNAMO. 21 Five screwed brass rods with nuts, for bolting puncbings together. The commutator, of copper or gun-metal segments, S.C. (Fig. 2) ; also (Figs. 11 and 12). Supports for the brush rocker, in cast-iron, S. (Fig. 4), The rocker, of malleable iron (Figs. 13 and 14). Clamps for brushes, of gun-metal (C. Fig. 14). Brushes of copper or brass, in wire or thin plates (Figs. 15 and 16). Driving pulley, of cast-iron. Two binding screws and connecting clips for wire ends (Figs. 17 and 25). Insulating material, of sheet vulcanised fibre, and ebonite rod. Lubricators of syphon form, in gun-metal. Copper wire covered with cotton, for wrapping round field cores. Similar wire, for armature coils. Pair of brass bridge plates, B. (Fig. 2) in section. Paint for ironwork, and varnish for wire. Fig. 2 is a sectional view, illustrative of the arrangement of the field magnet cores F, their pole pieces Gr, and the rotating armature E, and com- mutator C within them. The field cores are iron bars of round section, F, Fig. 2, and when they are wound with wire will become magnetic under the influence of electricity generated by the machine, and the iron cores thus magnetised will excite electricity in the wire coils of the moving armature E, by reason of the magnetism developed in two halves of its laminated iron core by the influence of the pole pieces attached to F, so that magnetism is produced in the field cores by passing round them the current generated in the armature, and they, by the inductive action of their 22 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. pole [pieces upon the iron body K of the laminated ring, develop electricity in the wire surrounding it. G When the iron CORE, E, of the armature rotates, the j magnetism arising in two halves of the ring THE ARMATURE RING. 23 does not travel with it, but remains stationary, and the wire coils covering the core develop their electricity by induction in their rapid passage over the fixed magnetic regions of the ring ; it will be observed that the ring is wound with ten coils of wire, each of which is connected to a division of the commutator C : as the armature revolves the currents produced by the moving coils are picked up by the brushes near B B and conducted around the field magnet cores. For the purpose of studying the principle of the armature, the ring core may be imagined as not being in motion, but the coils of wire revolving around it instead. Upon consideration it will be seen that the iron ring without rotation becomes magnetic when the pole pieces are magnetised by the fields being excited by a galvanic battery, or when they are formed of permanent steel magnets as sometimes employed in the hand dynamos of French manufacture ; the revolutions therefore to be con- sidered are those of the coils enveloping the semi- circular magnets of the ring. A line, supposed to pass from B to B, is the neutral line, where the induced magnetism does not reside in the ring, as it diminishes towards this point ; the armature wire may be regarded as being divided into two halves, each end of the same sign being united at this neutral line by those segments of the commutator, C, that are engaged with the brushes diametrically opposite each other when passing through the neutral spaces, B.B. 24 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. CHAPTER IV. THE action of the field magnets upon the armature being understood, it will now be necessary to make a selection from three kinds of iron that can be employed in their manufacture. THE FIELD COKES. Wrought-iron, although the best, is inadmissible for the purpose of the amateur, if expense is of any consideration. There is the labour of forging, drilling, and tapping the bar ends for bolts, or tool- ing them down to spindle ends for screwing to receive nuts ; also a great task would be involved in tightly and accurately fitting the pole pieces to their respective field cores. Malleable iron castings may be noticed, but their great drawback is the alteration of shape they are subject to in the process of annealing ; therefore, cast-iron, if of good soft quality (which can be had) will answer well for the purpose ; they will only be found a trifle hard where the metal is smallest in the casting, probably caused by quicker cooling than in the more massive portions of the metal. This can, however, be remedied by making them red hot on a smith's hearth over night, and allowing them to cool down very slowly in the ashes of the expiring fire ; the process, if repeated a few times, will greatly improve them. FIELD AND POLE PIECES. 25 The dynamo under notice,- being intended for 120 candle power (incandescent lighting), the field cores and pole pieces being of soft cast-iron, require to be of the size and shape indicated by Fig. 3. An advantage in using cast-iron is that the pole ends and field limbs are all in one piece, without joints ; bad contacts of iron with iron in a built-up magnet cause a loss of magnetic power, so that any disadvantage of cast over wrought-iron is nearly counterbalanced in this respect in a small dynamo. A choice, however, may be made in the field cores, whether they shall have flanges of iron cast on their ends to form iron spools for the wire, or without these flanges, in order to slip separate coils of various gauges of wire on 'the field bars, for altering the purposes of the dynamo. Unless this may be required, it is advisable to have the flanges cast on the cores ; the process of moulding them is some- what difficult, but by the pattern being made in four 26 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. removable portions it cari be accomplished. In the centre of each flange the shank end of a wrought- iron bolt is embedded in the casting to provide a projecting pin, screwed with a f in. "Whitworth thread to secure it to the standard with a bright hexagon nut. A sloping recess, G, Fig. 2, should also be left in the sides of the poles, liollowed in the direction of winding for a stout and well insulated wire to lie in when beginning the convolu- tions over the field cores. If possible, the field cores should be mounted in a lathe, in order to turn down the outside faces of the flanges to a bright and true surface, where they will be required to make contact with the standards. If the rim of each flange is also turned off bright it will greatly add to a neat appearance, and in cases of flanges not being employed the ends of the field bars should be turned off in a like manner, so as to ensure a good metal contact with the standard and be squarely bolted to it; a rV in. cut on each end of flange will bring them quite true. It is unneces- sary to add that both the upper and lower fields should be of same length after being turned, which will make their distances between the standards 12 in., it being 11 in. within the flanges, as shewn in Fig. 3. One of the castings being selected for the upper bar, a hole can be drilled in the centre of the top of its pole piece for tapping to f in. W.T., to receive a screwed eye bolt for lifting (if required) of 2 in. outside diameter. When the top and bottom fields with their poles in the centres are secured POSITION OF POLE PIECES. 27 within the standards, the pole pieces should form a tunnel 5 in. and | in diameter, measured perpen- dicularly in the central portion of the chamber, which, however, is not quite circular, as the diameter should increase to 5 in. from an extremity of one pole piece diametrically opposite the other when they are finally adjusted and fixed ; therefore, it will be observed that the iron lugs of the ring, and the wire wound upon it, are a little nearer the poles as they arrive within the crown of each arch. Nor do the magnetised poles entirely embrace the circumference of the armature ; on each side a space is left between the polar extremities, and a central line imagined to pass through the centre of these spaces which divide the poles is termed the neutral line. Near to this line at the space inside B, is the position for the brushes to make contact with the sections of the commutator. When the poles are fixed in position, each neutral division between them should be spanned by a bridge of brass, B, Fig. 2, the plates of brass being secured by the screws, A; a flat surface provided at the extremities of the iron pole pieces, and shown at/, Fig. 3, is for the purpose of attaching an end of the bridge piece to it. This will serve three useful purposes ; first to maintain the pole pieces in position, so as to prevent them from shifting and colliding with the armature when the latter is in rapid motion ; secondly, since zinc, brass and copper are insulators of magnetism, these plates will intercept the lines of force passing between the extremities of the poles ; therefore, the 28 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. plates B, Fig. 2, may, with advantage, be made thicker between the ends of each pole piece, so as to fill the gaps on the inner sides of B. A final use for these brass bridges will be to engrave thereon the name of the maker ; this, however, must be the last job in the construction of the amateur's dynamo. DESCRIPTION OF STANDARD. 29 CHAPTEK V. THE STANDABDS. THESE are necessary for supporting the field magnets and to provide a connecting yoke for them, as well as for holding central brasses or bearings, in which the shaft may run. Fig. 4 is a sketch one quarter the full size of a standard, and a pair of these castings will be required. The illustration shows one intended to carry the brush arrangement, and a corresponding standard will be required for the other end minus the brush support. The circles marked C are bosses projecting from the inside surface about 8 | of an inch, and are intended to act as chipping pieces, to be filed truly flat, or, better still, removed by planing, so as to present a true and clean metal surface to receive the turned flanges, F, of the field cores (see Fig. 3). The holes in the centre require to be f in. wide, and of slightly oval shape, so that a small adjustment may be given to the poles of the field magnets in fixing them over and below the armature. It is also as well to chip a countersink or bevel as shown on the edges of the holes ; this allows the field cores to 30 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. bed snugly home against the faced up standards at C, in the event of a burr being left on the inner end of the bolt in turning down the ends, or flanges, F, of the field cores. Eeferring to the pattern of the standard (Fig/4) SIDE STANDARD OF DYNAMO. 31 L indicates a lug on each side ; a J in. hole is left through each lug in casting, and to each hole is secured by means of J in. bolts and nuts b b an iron bridge casting, S, having a hub, D, in its centre. This bridge can be easily mounted on the face plate of a lathe, in order that its cylindrical hub may be turned for the reception of a swivel brush rocker, which will be referred to hereafter. Holes f in. diameter should be drilled in the base of standards at A, for ultimately bolting the dynamo to the floor, these holes are drilled more easily by inverting the casting for the operation ; g is the receptacle for a lubricator, and the opening is arranged sufficiently wide to admit the brasses which fit into a space below. These split brasses may be observed in the cut behind the bridge S ; they are secured in position by a malleable iron wedge, into which the lubricator is screwed by f in. brass gas thread, to be noticed presently. The standard for the other end of the machine will be like that just described ; but the lugs, L, in this case can be conveniently used as a very suitable position for the binding screws or terminals of the machine. The holes in the lugs must first be plugged with some insulating substance, such as vulcanised fibre or ebonite rod, and as the latter can be obtained of a suitable diameter for the purpose it may be preferred. When the holes are filled with this insulating material, it will require a ft in. hole drilled through each plug to receive the shank of a binding screw. 32 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. Having planed the circles, C, on the standards, and turned the ends of the iron cores of field magnets, as well as having trimmed the castings well down with an old file (removing all sharp edges and corners, &c., especially from the pole pieces), it will be advisable to frame them together in a temporary manner to obtain THE IKON CAKCASE of the dynamo, of which Fig. 5 is an illustration FIG. 5. showing the field magnet cores (without flanges on them) secured to the standards. This is done by THE BEARING BRASSES. 33 means of hexagon-shaped nuts screwed upon the wrought-iron bolts, B (Fig. 3), cast in the field cores, these bolts being supported in the holes which have been left at calculated distances from each other in moulding the standards. The pole pieces, P (Fig. 3), in the centre of the magnet cores require to be massive and smooth in the semi- circular sweep, and will, when one is placed over the other as shewn in the engraving (Fig. 2), be found by measurement to form a circular chamber within them of about five inches diameter. This can, how- ever, be slightly adjusted by lowering the upper, or raising the lower field cores in order to bring the tunnel thus formed exactly to the radius of the shaft passing through its centre ; when the armature core is in due course mounted on the shaft, and the true position of the pole pieces determined, they can be maintained in their proper places by some steady- ing pins projecting from C in the standards. Before this can be accomplished, however, THE BEARINGS to support the shaft will require consideration. In the standards (Fig. 4) it will be noticed that in the middle of each, spaces are provided for the gun metal bearings, Fig. 6 (sketched full size), to fit into ; and over each space is a wider but narrow gap intended to receive a malleable iron plate casting tapering like a wedge, which, being tightly inserted in the slots over the bearings will firmly secure 34 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. them. In the centre of the flat of this wedge plate a A in. hole should be drilled and tapped f in. brass gas; thread, to hold the end of a syphon lubricator FIG. screwed to this size ; the stem projects through the wedge plate and enters a hole provided in the top half of the bearings to conduct the oil as well as to make it impossible for the wedge to get loose. The chamber for the brasses will first require a little chipping to widen its narrowest side to the size of the opposite end (this tapering being a necessity in moulding) and will subsequently require filing to the- width sketched within the flanges and shown on the top half of the gun metal bearings (Fig. 6). The two corresponding halves of the bearings ar@ to be filed to the sizes indicated on the sketch. BORING THE BEARINGS. . 35 When they are nicely fitted in the standards, ivithout shake, and the iron wedge tightly driven in over them, the faces may be filed bright, taking care to use a suitable file. The next consideration will be to enlarge the central hole, formed by the two semi-circular halves in the castings, to the size shown, viz., !ths; first, however, any grit or sand should be removed with an old round file, so that the tunnel is bright within and ready to receive the tapering end of a f in. fluted rhymer, using a tap wrench with double arms for operating it, in the manner of tapping a thread, and working alternately from each end ; a smooth and polished surface will now be developed within the hole, and when this size of rhymer has passed through, it should be followed by a H parallel one, to be worked through in the same manner as the former tool. This will finish the bearings quite smooth, parallel, and correct ; the split halves should then be numbered or marked, so that their positions may hereafter be known whenever they are removed from the standards. 36 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. CHAPTEK VI. Having finished the bearings in a workmanlike manner, the next job will be THE STEEL SHAFT. This must be selected from best mild round steel bar of one inch in diameter : the reduced ends of the bar to form the spindles can be tooled down by a smith, and this will save some labour and wear and tear of the lathe in removing the metal if the steel is sent to the forge ; but if the bar that is chosen happens to be perfectly straight it may be advisable not to let the smith manipulate it, lest he should upset its trueness. If not forged, the bar must be cut the full length required for the finished shaft sketched in Fig. 7, with the spindle ends and other dimensions illustrated. If, however, the spindle ends e and e f are tooled down by a blacksmith, the steel may be cut an inch or so shorter, as it will lengthen to the required size in forging the spindle ends for bearings to a smaller diameter. With an allowance of sufficient metal to remain for turning, by means of a pointed punch, lightly indent the middle of the end of the bar forging, that it may be mounted and twirled between THE STEEL SHAFT. 37 the lathe centres to ascertain if it has been correctly 00 O ... o T 4- FIG. 7. marked ; if not, the experiment must be repeated 38 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. until the bar will revolve without wabbling. When this feat has been accomplished, the centres marked in the ends of the steel may then be deepened for turning, either by again using the pointed punch and a hammer, or by drilling, say a - in. hole sufficiently deep to clear the extreme points of the lathe centres. It is important that the steel bar be perfectly straight and truly centred, because, at the end towards the shortest spindle only A- in. must be taken off in turning, as it is required to leave a diameter of full M in. from the shoulder of the left hand spindle to the light shoulder at 5. The space between s and the screw will be occupied by the armature supports at P.P., requiring 4J inches of the shaft, and the commutator 1 J inches ; their respective positions are denoted by the armature at a and the commutator at c. A suitable nut on n, with a washer intervening, will screw the armature and commutator snugly against s a slit tube should be inserted between the armature supports to receive the thrust of the nut on ?i, the screw thread of which should, if possible, be chased in the lathe, of a pitch about twelve threads to the inch ; p p are & in. steel clutch pins, tightly inserted in holes drilled into the shaft, and projecting about J- in. to engage the armature supports and prevent them from turning upon it. It is perhaps needless to remark that the spindle ends e (see Fig. 7) must be finished perfectly smooth so as not to cut the gun metal bearings (Fig. 6) ; they must however, turn freely in them without THE DRIVING PULLEY. 39 shake. The extra length of spindle at / that projects beyond its bearing is to receive the driving pulley for revolving the shaft. This pulley may in size be adapted to the circumstances of the machinery intended to drive the dynamo ; a small one, however, 2in. wide by 3 Jin. diameter, will be suitable for running from an engine fly wheel direct, or a rather larger one may be substituted where the motive power is obtained from countershafting running at high speed. The armature of the dynamo will be required to make 1,700 revolutions per minute to obtain the best results. The pulley casting should either be drilled out in the boss to iiths the size of the spindle, so as to fit tightly on the same without reducing it, but as it is difficult to select a drill that will produce a hole to the exact size required, it may be drilled somewhat smaller, say to Jin., and the bore enlarged iii the lathe to the exact diameter required to obtain a tight fit upon the spindle. A key way must now be cut in the boss of the pulley with a small square file, and a flat surface filed upon the end of the spindle as a seat for the steel wedge key that the pulley may be held fast upon the shaft for turning to a true and bright surface. There is a disadvantage however, in turning up a pulley on a slender shaft, and a short mandrel may be employed for mounting it to be turned in the lathe. When transferred to its intended quarters on the shaft a little wabbling is apt to be perceptible ; this will certainly occur when keyed on if it has been allowed to fit loosely on either the mandrel or shaft in turning. 40 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. CHAPTEK VII. Presuming the steel shaft and its iron pulley to be finished in compliance with the foregoing suggestions, the next matter will be to fit THE AKMATUKE SUPPORTS upon the shaft, and but little consideration is required to perceive that iron would be inadmissible for them, therefore they must be formed of brass or gun metal. Their shape or pattern, however, varies with different machines and makers, some preferring them in FIG. 8. the form of wheels, while others use spiders or star- ARMATURE SPIDER SUPPORTS. 41 shaped flanges as shewn in Fig. 8, the sketch being a half-size representation of the supports required for the amateur's dynamo. A pair of castings will be necessary ; they can be obtained with a hole cored in the centre of the boss in casting, the diameter of which requires to be 1 Jin., with five projecting arms (to suit the toothed-ring core they will carry), by corresponding to alternate cogs from which Jin. brass rods extend to enter the holes h ; the boss has an extra length on one side to obtain a firm support upon the shaft ; the hole left in the centre of the casting can be bored in the lathe to a sliding fit of the size shewn on sketch, which it will be observed, is the diameter of the shaft at a to be occupied by the armature. The best method of mounting or chucking the supports in the lathe is to fit a bit of boxwood in a cup, or other convenient chuck, and hollow it out, so that the respective bosses of the stars may be inserted tightly in the boring of the chuck ; the hole in each support can then be enlarged by a slide rest cutter, to obtain an easy fit upon the shaft at p p (see Fig. 7) ; while mounted in the lathe a pointed scriber is adjusted in the slide rest, and with a little manipulation of the gut band, by hand, a radial line can be marked on each arm, to coincide with the centres of the holes in alternate cogs of THE AEMATUKE CORE PUNCHINGS, Fig. 9, the holes h in the arms of the star supports 42 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. being drilled at the marked line to a J of an inch in diameter. The groove or keyway S in each boss must be filed out to receive the project- ing pins p p on the shaft, and these slots must FIG. 9. be coincident in each support, the catch pins p p being inserted directly in front of each other. The bosses, extending on one side of the star supports when mounted upon the shaft, are to face inwards towards each other ; the holes h in the arms should easily admit the projecting ends of the screwed rods passing through the holes h of the punchings (Fig. 9) which bind them together ; in Fig. 10 small hexagon brass nuts are illustrated on alternate cogs, showing the method of compressing the THE ARMATURE STAMPINGS. 43 lamination plates of soft sheet iron together ; these punchings can be obtained from electrical instrument dealers, of five inches external diameter, to suit the chamber formed by the semi- circular pole sweeps ; if the punchings are thick about sixty of these iron stampings will be wanted for their combined thick- ness to equal the width of the pole pieces ; if thin, a greater number will be wanted. Before bolting them together they should each receive a coat of special flexible varnish, by means of which tissue paper can be attached to one side of each punching. As the holes for bolting are alternate on the ten lugs of the stampings, five brass rods of J in. diameter will be necessary to build up the laminated 44 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. core, and this process will be simplified by having the rods a little longer at first, and shortening their length after the laminations have been compressed into a thickness of 2J inches, using J in. brass hexagon shaped nuts on the screwed ends of the rods outside the core. These are gradually screwed up evenly all round the ring, and when the screwing is completed the nuts may be permanently secured to the brass rods with a touch of solder, using powdered resin as a flux. The depth of each space for filling with wire between the cogs being half an inch, the wire convolutions will consequently overlap equal to the depth of winding, on each side of the laminated core ; therefore for the supports to clear the ends of armature wire coils they must be held at fin. distance from the ring core by using " set-off pieces " of small brass tube Jin. long, to be slipped upon the screw of the brass rods outside each nut securing the stampings, and inside the arms of the star supports. In case of an arm of the star not presenting itself fairly to the end of a screwed rod proceeding from a lug of the core, a smart tap administered with a light hammer to the arm, or with a mallet to a rod if it is bent, will soon remove the difficulty. THE AEMATUEE RING MOUNTED. 45 CHAPTER VIII. The core may now be mounted upon the shaft to see how it runs with regard to trueness, and if the holes in both supports have been carefully marked and drilled, and the screwed rods holding the core are not bent, it may be expected to run accurately ; any little eccentricity of behaviour can, however, be corrected by changing the screwed rods to different arms ; if necessary for clearing the pole pieces, the edges of the cogs may be turned off a trifle by employing the lathe back gear for the purpose. The fastening nuts should, however, be first screwed on the rods, outside the arms of each support, and the superfluous ends of the screws projecting beyond the exterior nuts removed by a hack saw, leaving a bare sixteenth to form a burr to prevent the nuts from working off. It will be obvious that before turning the exterior of the core, it should be firmly secured in its position by slipping washers over the shaft at c and tightening all up by the nut on screw n. (See Fig. 7.) When this built-up core is mounted upon the shaft and found to run truly between the lathe centres, it should be marked so as to denote the arms of the supports fitted to certain ends of the brass screwed rods projecting from intermediate cogs on the ring core, in order to ensure its being again 46 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. mounted in the same position after it has been removed for the purpose of winding ; the ends of the brass rods must not, however, be burred upon the nuts until after the wound and tested ring is mounted upon the shaft. To form a burr on the rod ends, the armature should be held vertically, the lower end of the rod being placed upon some solid substance while the upper end is tapped with a hammer. The next operation will be to trim up the core, using a half-inch square file to remove any little roughness on the sides of the cogs produced by the edges of the laminations, a little time spent with a file will bring the compressed mass quite smooth and solid in appearance ; the interior of the ring should also receive similar attention, using a rather large half-round file ; and having so far prepared the laminated ring core for insulation, the next matter to be put up in hand will be the commutator. It is a subject for consideration whether the device known as a commutator in the Gramme dynamo might not as well be regarded as a collector ; so long, however, as the amateur recognises its purpose, the mere term by which this arrangement is named becomes unimportant. It consists essentially of a series of copper, gun metal, or phosphor bronze bars, arranged parallel with one another, in equal divisions of a circle, and corresponding in number to the coils of wire upon the armature ring. Each segment of metal is insulated from its neighbour. Upon refer- ence to Fig. 9, it will be observed there are ten spaces between the cogs of the laminated core THE COMMUTATOR. 47 intended to receive wire, consequently the same number of divisions will be necessary in the com- mutator; to make one for the small dynamo now progressing, there will be required a gun metal cylinder casting, IJin. wide, 2&in. internal, and 2ffin. external diameter, leaving a shell thickness of full Jin. A piece of good sound boxwood must now be selected to form a hub upon which the cylinder has to be mounted, after its interior has been made tolerably smooth by a light boring cut in the lathe. This hub must also be bored to fin. diameter to fit tightly upon the shaft at C, Fig. 7, and is then turned up in order to receive the cylinder casting, which must fit tightly over the hub. Fig. 11 is a full size sectional representation of the boxwood support H, with the gun metal cylinder W upon it. Hard vulcanised fibre is also a good material for forming the hub. The mounted cylinder should now have a light cut taken off the ends in the lathe, and its periphery rubbed bright with an old file while revolving in the lathe, when it will be ready for dividing into ten equal sections to correspond with the recesses in the ring Figs. 9, 10, and unless the amateur is the pro- prietor of or has access to a lathe with a division plate attached to it, this task of marking had better be left for an engine divider to set twenty division lines equi-distant from each other around it. Ten of these lines may be cut deep, as they have to be sawn through with a metal cutting saw, the other intermediate ten need only to be slightly marked, as they are simply for denoting the position for a hole 48 HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO. to be drilled through the centre of the ends of each metal segment into the wood within to receive a fin. brass screw S, Fig. 11, for holding the segments of metal upon the hub. These screws should enter the boxwood rather tightly, and the heads be sunk FIG. 11. flush in the metal by a countersink, care being taken that they do not reach the shaft. If, however, the screws do not exceed fin. in length this will not occur. There being ten segments to be formed, DIVISIONS OF COMMUTATOE. 49 twenty screws will be required, and when they are inserted, a sharp hack saw applied to the deep lines between the screws will neatly and truly divide the cylinder into ten parts. The commencement of the saw cut may be observed between W and S, Fig. 11 ; the saw should also enter the boxwood to a depth of Jin. for the insulating medium to obtain a firm support, and prior to the complete separation of the cylinder into segments, it can, if necessary, for trueness, be mounted in the lathe SON'S CATALOGUE. Engineering Construction. PATTERN-MAKING: A Practical 'Treatise, embracing the Main Types of Engineering Construction, and including Gearing, both Hand and Machine made, Engine Work, Sheaves and Pulleys, Pipes and Columns, Screws, Machine Parts, Pumps and Cocks, the Moulding of Patterns in Loam and Greensand, &c., together with the methods of Estimating the weight of Castings; to which is added an Appendix of Tables for Workshop Reference. By a FOREMAN PATTERN MAKER. With upwards of Three Hundred and Seventy Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 75. 6d. cloth. " A well- written technical guide, evidently written by a man who understands and has prac- tised what he has written about. We cordially recommend it to engineering students, young journeymen, and others desirous of being initiated into the mysteries of pattern-making." Builder. " Likely to prove a welcome guide to many workmen, especially to draughtsmen who have lacked a training in the shops, pupils pursuing their practical studies in our factories, and to em- ployers and managers in engineering -works." Hardware Trade Journal. "More than 370 illustrations help to explain the text, which is, however, always clear and ex- plicit, thus rendering' the work an excellent vade mecum for the apprentice who desires 10 become master of his trade." English Mechanic. Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering Terms. LOCK WOOD'S DICTIONARY OF TERMS USED IN THE PRA CTICE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, embracing those current in the Drawing Office, Pattern Shop, Foundry, Fitting. 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COMMON SENSE FOR GAS-USERS: A Catechism of Gas- Lighting for Householders, Gasfitters, Millowners, A rchitects, Engineers, etc. By ROBERT WILSON, C.E., Author of " A Treatise on Steam Boilers." Second Edition, with Folding Plates and Wood Engravings. Crown 8vo, price is. in wrapper. " All gas-users will decidedly benefit, both In pocket and comfort, if they will avail themselves of Mr. Wilson's counsels." Engineering. 6 CROSBY LOCK WOOD & SON 'S CATALOGUE. THE POPULAR WORKS OF MICHAEL REYNOLDS ("THE ENGINE DRIVER'S FRIEND"). Locomotive-Engine Driving. LOCOMOTIVE-ENGINE DRIVING: A Practical Manual for Engineers in charge of Locomotive Engines. By MICHAEL REYNOLDS, Member of the Society of Engineers, formerly Locomotive Inspector L. B. and S. C. R. Eighth Edition. Including a KEY TO THE LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE. With Illus- trations and Portrait of Author. Crown 8vo, 45. 6d. cloth. "Mr. Reynolds has supplied a want, and has supplied it well. 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" Such a general knowledge of the steam engine as Mr. Wansbrough furnishes to the reader should be acquired by all intelligent owners and others who use the steam engine.'' Bt4ilding News. CIVIL ENGINEERING, SURVEYING, etc. MR, HUMBER'S IMPORTANT ENGINEERING BOOKS. The Water Supply of Cities and Towns. A COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE on the WATER-SUPPLY OF CITIES AND TOWNS. By WILLIAM HUMBER, A-M. Inst. C.E., and M. Inst. M.E., Author of " Cast and Wrought Iron Bridge Construction," &c. &c. Illustrated with 50 Double Plates, i Single Plate, Coloured Frontispiece, and upwards of 250 Woodcuts, and containing 400 pages of Text. Imp. 4to, 6 6s. elegantly and substantially half-bound in morocco. List of Contents. Conduits.-XIII. Distribution of Water. XI V. Meters, Service Pipes, and House Fittings. XV. The Law and Economy of Water Works. XVI. Constant and Intermittent Supply. XVII. Description of Plates. Appendices, giving Tables of Rates of Supply, Velocities, &c. &c., together with Specifications of several Works illustrated, among which will be found : Aberdeen, Bideford, Canterbury, Dundee I. Historical Sketch of some of the means that have been adopted for the Supply of Water to Cities and Towns. II. Water and the Fo- reign Matter usually associated with it. III. Rainfall and Evaporation. IV. Springs and the water-bearing formations of various dis- tricts. V. Measurement and Estimation of the flow of Water VI. On the Selection of the Source of Supply. VII. Wells. VIII. Reser- voirs. IX. The Purification of Water. X. Halifax, Lambeth, Rotherham, Dublin, and Pumps. XI. Pumping Machinery. XII. | others. "The most systematic and valuable work upon water supply hitherto produced in English, or In any other language. . . . Mr. Humbers work is characterised almost throughout by an exhaust! veness much more distinctive of French and German than of English technical treatises." Engineer. " We can congratulate Mr. Humber on having been able to give so large an amount of infor- mation on a subject so important as the water supply of cities and towns. The plates, fifty in number, are mostly drawings of executed works, and alone would have commanded the attention of every engineer whose practice may lie in this branch of the profession." Builder. Cast and Wrought Iron Bridge Construction. A COMPLETE AND PRACTICAL TREATISE ON CAST AND WROUGHT IRON BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, including Iron Foundations. In Three Parts Theoretical, Practical, and Descriptive. By WILLIAM HUMBER, A-M. Inst. C.E., and M. Inst. M.E. Third Edition, Re- vised and much improved, with 115 Double Plates (20 of which now first appear in this edition), and numerous Additions to the Text. In Two Vols., imp. 4to, 6 i6s. 6d. half-bound in morocco. " A very valuable contribution to the standard literature of civil engineering. In addition to elevations, plans and sections, large scale details are given which very much enhance the instruc- tive worth of these illustrations." Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal. "Mr. Humber's stately volumes, lately issued in which the most important bridges erected during the last five years, under the direction of the late Mr. Brunei, Sir W. Cubitt, Mr. Hawk- shaw, Mr. Page, Mr. Fowler, Mr. Hemans, and others among our most eminent engineers, are drawn and specified in great detail." Engineer. CROSBY LOCK WOOD & SON'S CATALOGUE. MR. HUMBER'S GREAT WORK ON MODERN ENGINEERING. Complete in Four Volumes, imperial 4to, price "12 125., half-morocco. Each Volume sold separately as follows : A RECORD OF THE PROGRESS OF MODERN ENGINEER- ING. FIRST SERIES. Comprising Civil, Mechanical, Marine, Hydraulic, Railway, Bridge, and other Engineering Works, &c. By WILLIAM HUMBER, A-M. Inst. C.E., &c. Imp. 4to, with 36 Double Plates, drawn to a large scale, Photographic Portrait of John Hawkshaw, C.E., F.R.S., &c., and copious descriptive Letterpress, Specifications, &c., 3 35. half-morocco. List of the Plates and Diagrams. Victoria Station and Roof, L. B. & S. C. R. I Thames, West London Extension Railway (5 (8 plates) ; Southport Pier (2 plates) ; Victoria i plates) ; Armour Plates : Suspension Bridge, Station and Roof, L. C. & D. and G. W. R. (6 Thames (4 plates) ; The Allen Engine ; Sus- T>lates); Roof of Cremorne Music Hall ; Bridge j pension Bridge, Avon (3 plates); Underground over G. N. Railway ; Roof of Station, Dutch I Railway (3 plates). Rhenish Rail (2 plates) ; Bridge over the i " Handsomely lithographed and printed. It will find favour with many who desire to preserve In a permanent form copies of the plans and specifications prepared for the guidance of the con- tractors for many important engineering works." Engineer. HUMBERTS RECORD OF MODERN ENGINEERING. SECOND SERIES. Imp. 4to, with 36 Double Plates, Photographic Portrait of Robert Stephenson, C.E., M.P., F.R.S., &c., and copious descriptive Letterpress, Specifications, &c., 3 35. half-morocco. List of the Plates and Diagrams. Birkenhead Docks, Low Water Basin (15 plates); Charing Cross Station Roof, C. C. Railway (3 plates) ; Digswell Viaduct, Great Northern Railway ; Robbery Wood Viaduct, Great Northern Railway ; Iron Permanent Way; Clydach Viaduct, Merthyr, Tredegar, and Abergavenny Railway ; Ebbw Viaduct, Merthyr, Tredegar, and Abergavenny Rail- way ; College Wood Viaduct, Cornwall Rail- way ; Dublin Winter Palace Roof (3 plates) ; Bridge over the Thames, L. C. & D. Railway (6 plates) ; Albert Harbour, Greenock (4 plates). 1 Mr. Humber has done the profession good and true service, by the fine collection of examples he has here brought before the profession and the public." Practical Mechanics Journal. HUMBER'S RECORD OF MODERN ENGINEERING. THIRD SERIES. Imp. 4to, with 40 Double Plates, Photographic Portrait of J. R. M'Clean, late Pres. Inst. C.E., and copious descriptive Letterpress, Speci- fications, &c., 3 35. half-morocco. List of the Plates and Diagrams. MAIN DRAINAGE, METROPOLIS.- North \ Sewer, Reservoir and Outlet (4 plates) ; Outfall Side. Map showing Interception of Sewers; | Sewer, Filth Hoist; Sections of Sewers (North Middle Level Sewer (2 plates) ; Outfall Sewer, i and South Sides). Bridge over River Lea (3 plates) ; Outfall Sewer, I THAMES EMBANKMENT. Section of River Bridge over Marsh Lane, North Woolwich I Wall ; Steamboat Pier, Westminster (2 plates); Railway, and Bow and Barking Railway June- \ Landing Stairs between Charing Cross and lion Outfall Sewer, Bridge over Bow and ! Waterloo Bridges ; York Gate (2 plates) ; Over- flow and Outlet at Savoy Street Sewer (3 plates) ; Barking Railway (3 plates); Outfall Sewer. Bride-e over East London Waterworks' Feeder Steamboat Pier, Waterloo Bridge (3 plates) ; (a plates) ; Outfall Sewer, Reservoir (2 plates) ; Junction of Sewers, Plans and Sections ; Outfall Sewer, Tumbling Bay and Outlet ; Out- j Gullies, Plans and Sections; Rolling Stock; fall Sewer, Penstocks. South Side. Outfall j Granite and Iron Forts. Sewer, Bermondscy Branch (2 plates) ; Outfall "The drawings have a constantly increasing value, and whoever desires to possess clear repre- sentations of the two great works carried out by our Metropolitan Board will obtain Mr. Humber's volume." Engineer. HUMBER'S RECORD OF MODERN ENGINEERING. FOURTH SERIES. Imp. 4to, with 36 Double Plates, Photographic Portrait of John Fowler, late Pres. Inst. C.E., and copious descriptive Letterpress, Speci- fications, &c., 3 35. half-morocco. List of the Plates and Diagrams. Abbey Mills Pumping Station, Main Drain- [ Mesopotamia ; Viaduct over the River Wye, s, ^ Midland Railwa y (3 plates , . St . Germans Via- duct, Cornwall Railway (2 plates); Wrought- Iron Cylinder for Diving Bell ; Millwall Docks (6 plates); Milroy's Patent Excavator; Metro- istrict R " itan District Railway (6 plates); Harbours, jrts, and Breakwaters (3 plates). We gladly welcome another year's issue of this valuable publication from the able pen of Mr. Humber. The accuracy and general excellence of this work are well known, while its useful, ness in giving the measurements and details ot' some of the latest examples of engineering-, as carried out by the most eminent men in the profession, cannot be too highly prized." Artizan. age, Metropolis (4 plates); Barrow Docks (5 plates) ; Manquis Viaduct, Santiago and Val- paraiso Railway (2 plates); Adams Locomo- tive St. Helen's Canal Railway (2 plates) ; Cannon Street Station Roof, Charing Cross Cannon Street Station Roo . Railway (3 plates) ; Road Bridge over the Rive Moka (2 plates); Telegraphic Apparatus for CIVIL ENGINEERING, SURVEYING, etc. MR. H UMBER'S ENGINEERING BOOKS continued. Strains, Calculation of. A HANDY BOOK FOR THE CALCULATION OF STRAINS IN GIRDERS ANDSIMILARSTRUCTURES,AND THEIR STRENGTH. Consisting of Formulae and Corresponding Diagrams, with numerous details for Practical Application, &c. By WILLIAM HUMBER, A-M. Inst. C.E., &c. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo, nearly 100 Woodcuts and 3 Plates, 7$. 6d. cloth. " The formulae are neatly expressed, and the diagrams %oo&"AtheneeMn. " We heartily commend this really handy book to our engineer and architect readers. 'Eng- lish Mechanic. Barlow's Strength of Materials, enlarged byHumber A TREATISE ON THE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS; with Rules for Application in Architecture, the Construction of Suspension Bridges, Railways, &c. By PETER BARLOW, F.R.S. A New Edition, revised by his Sons, P. W. BARLOW, F.R.S., and W. H. BARLOW, F.R.S. ; to which are added, Experiments by HODGKINSON, FAIRBAIRN, and KIRKALDY ; and Formulas for Calculating Girders, &c. Arranged and Edited by W. HUMBER, A-M. Inst. C.E. Demy 8vo, 400 pp., with 19 large Plates and numerous Woodcuts, i8s. cloth. " Valuable alike to the student, tyro, and the experienced practitioner, it will always rank in future, as it has hitherto done, as the standard treatise on that particular subject." Engineer. " There is no greater authority than Barlow." Building News. "Deserves a foremost place on the bookshelves of every civil engineer." Enghsh Mechanic, Trigonometrical Surveying. AN OUTLINE OF THE METHOD OF CONDUCTING A TRIGONOMETRICAL SURVEY, for the Formation of Geographical and Topographical Maps and Plans, Military Reconnaissance, Levelling, &c., with Useful Problems, Formulae, and Tables. By Lieut.-General FROME, R.E. Fourth Edition, Revised and partly Re- written by Major General Sir CHARLES WARREN, G.C.M.G., R.E. With 19 Plates and 115 Woodcuts, royal 8vo, 16$, cloth. " The simple fact that a fourth edition has been called for !s the best testimony to Its merits. No words of praise from us can strengthen the position so well and so steadily maintained by this work. Sir Charles Warren has revised the entire work, and made such additions as were necessary to bring every portion of the contents up to the present date." Broad Arr<* A Mechanic. ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING, etc. 15 Designing, Measuring, and Valuing. THE STUDENT'S GUIDE to the PRACTICE of MEASUR- ING AND VALUING ARTIFICERS' WORKS. Containing Directions for taking Dimensions, Abstracting the same, and bringing the Quantities into Bill, with Tables of Constants, and copious Memoranda for the Valuation of Labour and Materials in the respective Trades of Bricklayer and Slater, Carpenter and Joiner, Painter and Glazier, Paperhanger, &c. With 8 Plates and 63 Woodcuts. Originally edited by EDWARD DOBSON, Architect. Fifth Edition, Revised, with considerable Additions on Mensuration and Construc- tion, and a New Chapter on Dilapidations, Repairs, and Contracts, by E. WYNDHAM TARN, M.A. Crown 8vo, gs. cloth. " Well fulfils the promise of its title-page, and we can thoroughly recommend It to the class for whose use it has been compiled. Mr. Tarn's additions and revisions have much increased the usefulness of the work, and have especially augmented its value to students." Engineering. "The work has been carefully revised and edited by Mr. E. Wyndham Tarn, M.A., and com- prises several valuable additions on construction, mensuration, dilapidations and repairs, and other matters. . . . This edition will be found the most complete treatise on the principles of measur- ing and valuing artificers' work that has yet been published." Building News. Pocket Estimator and Technical Guide. THE POCKET TECHNICAL GUIDE, MEASURER AND ESTIMATOR FOR BUILDERS AND SURVEYORS. Containing Tech- nical Directions for Measuring Work in all the Building Trades, with a Treatise on the Measurement of Timber and Complete Specifications for Houses, Roads, and Drains, and an easy Method of Estimating the various parts of a Building collectively. By A. C. BEATON, Author of " Quantities and Measurements," &c. Fourth Edition, carefully Revised and Priced according to the Present Value of Materials and Labour, with 53 Woodcuts, leather, waistcoat-pocket size, is. 6d. gilt edges. "No builder, architect, surveyor, or valuer should be without his' Beaton's Guide.'" Building Nevis. " Contains an extraordinary amount of information in daily requisition hi measuring and estimating. Its presence in the pocket will save valuable time and trouble." Building IVorld. " An exceedingly handy pocket companion, thoroughly reliable." Builder's Weekly Reporter. "This neat little compendium contains all that is requisite in carrying out contracts for excavating, tiling, bricklaying, paving, &c." British Trade Journal. Donaldson on Specifications. THE HANDBOOK OF SPECIFICATIONS; or, Practical Guide to the Architect, Engineer, Surveyor, and Builder, in drawing up Specifications and Contracts for Works and Constructions. Illustrated by Precedents of Buildings actually executed by eminent Architects and En- gineers. By Professor T. L. DONALDSON, P.R.I.B.A., &c. New Edition, in One large Vol., 8vo, with upwards of 1,000 pages of Text, and 33 Plates, i ns.6d. cloth. " In this work forty-four specifications of executed works are given, including the specifica- tions for parts of the new Houses of Parliament, by Sir Charles Barry, and for the new Royal Exchange, by Mr. Tite, M.P. The latter, in particular, is a very complete and remarkable document. It embodies, to a great extent, as Mr. Donaldson mentions, 'the bill of quantities with the description of the works.' ... It is valuable as a record, and more valuable still as a book of precedents. . . . Suffice it to say that Donaldson's ' Handbook of Specifications ' must be bought by all architects." Builder. and ^Rogers 9 Specifications. SPECIFICATIONS FOR PRACTICAL ARCHITECTURE. A Guide to the Architect, Engineer, Surveyor, and Builder. With an Essay on the Structure and Science of Modern Buildings. Upon the Basis of the Work by ALFRED BARTHOLOMEW, thoroughly Revised, Corrected, and greatly added to by FREDERICK ROGERS, Architect. Second Edition, Revised, with Additions. With numerous Illusts., medium 8vo, 155. cloth. " The collection of specifications prepared by Mr. Rogers on the basis of Bartholomew's work is too well known to need any recommendation from us. It is one of the books with which every young architect must be equipped ; for time has shown that the specifications cannot be set aside through any defect in them." Architect. " Good forms for specifications are of considerable value, and it was an excellent idea to com- pile a work on the subject upon the basis of the late Alfred Bartholomew's valuable work. The second edition of Mr. Rogers's book is evidence of the want of a book dealing with modern re- quirements and materials." Building News. 1 6 CROSBY LOCK WOOD 6- SON '5 CATALOGUE. Geometry for the Architect, Engineer, etc. PRACTICAL GEOMETRY, for the Architect, Engineer and Mechanic. Giving Rules for the Delineation and Application of various Geometrical Lines, Figures and Curves. By E. W. TARN, M.A., Architect, Author of "The Science of Building," &c. Second Edition. With Appen- dices on Diagrams of Strains and Isometrical Projection. With 172 Illus- trations, demy 8vo, 95. cloth. " No book with the same objects in view has ever been published in which the clearness of the rules laid down and the illustrative diagrams have been so satisfactory." Scotsman. "This is a manual for the practical man, whether architect, engineer, or mechanic. . . .The object of the author being to avoid all abstruse formulae or complicated methods, and to enable persons with but a moderate knowledge of geometry to work out the problems required." English Mechanic. The Science of Geometry. THE GEOMETRY OF COMPASSES; or, Problems Resolved by the mere Description of Circles, and the use of Coloured Diagrams and Symbols. By OLIVBR BYRNE. Coloured Plates. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. " The treatise is a good one, and remarkable like all Mr. Byrne's contributions to the science of geometry for the lucid character of its teaching." Building News. DECORATIVE ARTS, etc. Woods and Marbles (Imitation of). SCHOOL OF PAINTING FOR THE IMITATION OF WOODS AND MARBLES, as Taught and Practised by A. R. VAN DER BURG and P. VAN DER BURG, Directors of the Rotterdam Painting Institution. Royal folio, iSfc by 12^ in., Illustrated with 24 full-size Coloured Plates; also 12 plain Plates, comprising 154 Figures. Second and Cheaper Edition. Price i ns.6d. List of Plates. t. Various Tools required for Wood Painting Walnut : Preliminary Stages of Graining ot various orams and Methods of Mampul 20, 2i. Mahogany: Earlier Stages and Finished Specimen 22, 23, 24. Sienna Marble : Varieties Grain, Preliminary Stages and Finished - -a, 3. walnut: JTemmnary stages ot orammg and Finished Specimen 4. Tools used for Marble Painting and Method of Manipulation 5, 6. St. Remi Marble : Earlier Operations and Finished Specimen 7. Methods of Sketching different Grains, Knots, Ac. 8, 9. Ash: Pre- liminary Stages and Finished Specimen 10. Methods of Sketching Marble Grains n, xa. Breche Marble : Preliminary Stages of Working and Finished Specimen 13. Maple : Methods Finished Specimen 10. Mahogany : Specimens of various Grains and Methods of Manipulation sr Specimen 25, 26, 27. Juniper Wood : Methods of producing Grain, &c. : Preliminary Stages and Finished Specimen 28, 29, 30. Vert de Mer Marble : Varieties of Grain and Methods of Working Unfinished and Finished Speci- mens 31. 32. 33. Oak : Varieties of Grain, Tools 32. 3 1 Employed, and Methods of Manipulation, Pre- liminary Stages and Finished Specimen 34, 35, 36. Waulsort Marble: Varieties of Grain, Un- finished and Finished Specimens. of Producing the different Grains 14, 15. Bird's- eye Maple: Preliminary Stages and Finished Specimen 16. Methods of Sketching the dif- ferent Species of White Marble 17, 18. White Marble: Preliminary Stages of Process and *** OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. " Those who desire to attain skill in the art of painting woods and marbles will find advantage in consulting this book. . . . Some of the Working Men's Clubs should give their young men the opportunity to study it." Builder. " A comprehensive guide to the art. The explanations of the processes, the manipulation and management of the colours, and the beautifully executed plates will not be the least valuable to the student who aims at making his work a faithful transcript of nature." Building News. " Students and novices are fortunate who are able to become the possessors of so noble a work." -Architect. Souse Decoration. ELEMENTARY DECORATION. A Guide to the Simpler Forms of Everyday Art, as applied to the Interior and Exterior Decoration of Dwelling Houses, &c. By JAMES W. FACEY, Jun. With 68 Cuts. i2mo, zs. cloth limp. " As a technical guide-book to the decorative painter It will be found reliable." Building News. PRACTICAL HOUSE DECORATION : A Guide to the Art of Ornamental Painting, the Arrangement of Colours in Apartments, and the principles of Decorative Design. With some Remarks upon the Nature and Properties of Pigments. By JAMES WILLIAM FACEY, Author of " Elementary Decoration," &c. With numerous Illustrations, zamo, zs. 6d. cloth limp. N.B.The above Two Works together in One Vol., strongly half-bound, 55. DECORATIVE ARTS, etc. 17 Colour. A GRAMMAR OF COLOURING. Applied to Decorative Painting and the Arts. By GEORGE FIELD. New Edition, Revised, Enlarged, and adapted to the use of the Ornamental Painter and Designer. By ELLIS A. DAVIDSON. With New Coloured Diagrams and Engravings. i2mo, 35. 6d. cloth boards. "The book is a most useful resume of the properties of pigments." Builder. House Painting, Graining, etc. HOUSE PAINTING, GRAINING, MARBLING, AND SIGN WRITING, A Practical Manual of. By ELLIS A. DAVIDSON. Fifth Edition. With Coloured Plates and Wood Engravings, i2mo, 6s. cloth boards. " A mass of information, of use to the amateur and of value to the practical man." English Mechanic. " Simply invaluable to the youngster entering- upon this particular calling:, and highly service- able to the man who is practising it." Furniture Gazette. Decorators, Receipts for. THE DECORATOR'S ASSISTANT: A Modern Guide to De- corative Artists and Amateurs, Painters, Writers, Gilders, &c. Containing upwards of 600 Receipts, Rules and Instructions ; with a variety of Informa- tion for General Work connected with every Class of Interior and Exterior Decorations, &c. 152 pp., crown 8vo, is. in wrapper. " Full of receipts of value to decorators, painters, gilders, &c. The book contains the gist of larger treatises on colour and technical processes. It would be difficult to meet with a work so full of varied information on the painter's art." Building News. " We recommend the work to all who, whether for pleasure or profit, require a guide to decora- tion." Plumber and Decorator. Moyr Smith on Interior Decoration. ORNAMENTAL INTERIORS, ANCIENT AND MODERN. By J. MOYR SMITH. Super-royal 8vo, with 32 full-page Plates and numerous smaller Illusts., handsomely bound in cloth, gilt top, price i8s. \_Just published. tS" In " ORNAMENTAL INTERIORS" the designs of more than thirty artist- decorators and architects of high standing have been illustrated. The book may therefore fairly claim to give a good general view of the works of the modern school of decoration, besides giving characteristic examples of earlier decorative arrange- ments. "ORNAMENTAL INTERIORS" gives a short account of the styles of Interior Decoration as practised by the A ncients in Egypt, Greece, Assyria, Rome and Byzan- tium. This part is illustrated by characteristic designs. The main body of the work, however, is devoted to the illustration of the modern styles of Decorative Art, and many examples are given of decorative designs suitable for modern Dining- Rooms, Draw ing-Rooms, Libraries, Staircases and Halls, Parlours, Studies and S making-Rooms. The Decoration of Public Buildings is illustrated by views of the chief State Apartments in Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, the Salle de Leys at Antwerp, the Salle de Manages at Brussels, and of other works which have distinctive features suitable for the purpose. %* OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. " The book is well illustrated and handsomely got up, and contains some true criticism and a good many good examples of decorative treatment.' The Builder. " We can greatly commend Mr. Moyr Smith's book, for it is the production of one professedly capable in decorative work, and abounds with useful hints and descriptions of executed modern work, together with a well-put resume of ancient styles. ... As much a book for the drawing- room as for the manufacturer." The British Architect. " Well fitted for the dilettante, amateur, and professional designer." Decoration. " This is the most elaborate, and beautiful work on the artistic decoration of interiors that we have seen. . . . The scrolls, panels and other designs from the author's own pen are very beautiful and chaste ; but he takes care that the designs of other men shall figure even more than his own." Liverpool Albion. " To all who take an interest in elaborate domestic ornament this handsome volume will be welcome." Graphic. " Mr. Moyr Smith deserves the thanks of art workers for having placed within their reach a book that seems eminently adapted to afford, by example and precept, that guidance of which :>iost craftsmen stand in need." furniture Gazette. British and Foreign Marbles. MARBLE DECORATION and the Terminology of British and Foreign Marbles. A Handbook for Students. By GEORGE H. BLAGROVE, Author of " Shoring and its Application," &c. With 28 Illustrations. Crown ovo, 35. 6d. cloth. {Just published. i8 CROSBY LOCK WOOD & SON 'S CATALOGUE. DELAMOTTE'S WORKS ON ILLUMINATION AND ALPHABETS. A PRIMER OF THE ART OF ILLUMINATION, for the Use of Beginners : with a Rudimentary Treatise on the Art, Practical Directions for its exercise, and Examples taken from Illuminated MSS. .printed in Gold and Colours. By F. DELAMOTTE. New and Cheaper Edition. Small 4to, 6s. orna- mental boards. " The examples of ancient MSS. recommended to the student, which, with much pood sense, the author chooses from collections accessible to all, are selected with judgment and knowledge, as well as taste." Athentzum. ORNAMENTAL ALPHABETS, Ancient and Medieval, from the Eighth Century, with Numerals; including Gothic, Church-Text, large and small, German, Italian, Arabesque, Initials for Illumination, Monograms, Crosses, &c. &c., for the use of Architectural and Engineering Draughtsmen, Missal Painters, Masons, Decorative Painters, Lithographers, Engravers, Carvers, &c. &c. Collected and Engraved by F. DELAMOTTE, and printed in Colours. New and Cheaper Edition. Royal 8vo, oblong, 2s. 6d. ornamental boards. " For those who Insert enamelled sentences round gilded chalices, who blazon shop legends over shop-doors, who letter church walls with pithy sentences from the Decalogue, this book will be use- ful ''Athetueum. EXAMPLES OF MODERN ALPHABETS, Plain and Ornamental; including German, Old English, Saxon, Italic, Perspective, Greek, Hebrew, Court Hand, Engrossing, Tuscan, Riband, Gothic, Rustic, and Arabesque ; with several Original Designs, and an Analysis of the Roman and Old English Alphabets, large and small, and Numerals, for the use of Draughtsmen, Sur- veyors, Masons, Decorative Painters, Lithographers, Engravers, Carvers, &c. Collected and Engraved by F. DELAMOTTE, and printed in Colours. New and Cheaper Edition. Royal 8vo, oblong, 2S. 6d. ornamental boards. "There is comprised in it every possible shape into which the letters of the alphabet and numerals can be formed, and the talent which has been expended in the conception of the various plain and ornamental letters is wonderful." Standard. MEDIAEVAL ALPHABETS AND INITIALS FOR ILLUMI- NA TORS. By F. G. DELAMOTTE. Containing 21 Plates and Illuminated Title, printed in Gold and Colours. With an Introduction by T. WILLIS BROOKS. Fourth and Cheaper Edition. Small 4to, 45. ornamental boards. " A volume in which the letters of the alphabet come forth glorified in gilding and all the colours of the prism interwoven and intertwined and intermingled." Sun THE EMBROIDERER'S BOOK OF DESIGN. Containing Initials, Emblems, Cyphers, Monograms, Ornamental Borders, Ecclesiastical Devices, Mediaeval and Modern Alphabets, and National Emblems. Col- lected by F. DELAMOTTE, and printed in Colours. Oblong royal 8vo, is. 6d. ornamental wrapper. "The book will be of great assistance to ladies and young children who are endowed with the art of plying the needle in this most ornamental and useful pretty work." East Attglian Times. Wood Carving. INSTRUCTIONS IN WOOD-CARVING, for Amateurs; with Hints on Design. By A LADY. With Ten large Plates, 2s. 6d. in emblematic wrapper. " The handicraft of the wood-carver, so well as a book can impart it, may be learnt from ' A Lady's' publication." Athenaunt. " The directions given are plain and easily understood." English Mechanic. Glass Painting. GLASS STAINING AND THE ART OF PAINTING ON GLASS. From the German of Dr. GESSERT and EMANUEL OTTO FROMBERG, With an Appendix on THE ART OF ENAMELLING, izmo, zs. 6d. cloth limp. Letter Painting. THE ART OF LETTER PAINTING MADE EASY. By TAMES GREIG BADENOCH. With 12 full- page Engravings of Examples, is. cloth limp. " The system Is a simple one, but quite original, and weD worth the careful attention of letter painters. It can be easily mastered and remembered." Building News. CARPENTRY, TIMBER, etc. _xg CARPENTRY, TIMBER, etc. Tredgold's Carpentry, Enlarged by Tarn. THE ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CARPENTRY. A Treatise on the Pressure and Equilibrium of Timber Framing, the Resist- ance of Timber, and the Construction of Floors, Arches, Bridges, Roofs, Uniting Iron and Stone with Timber, &c. To which is added an Essay on the Nature and Properties oi Timber, &c., with Descriptions of the kinds of Wood used in Building ; also numerous Tables of the Scantlings of Tim- ber for different purposes, the Specific Gravities of Materials, &c. By THOMAS TREDGOLD, C.E. With an Appendix of Specimens of Various Roofs of Iron and Stone, Illustrated. Seventh Edition, thoroughly revised and considerably enlarged by E. WYNDHAM TARN, M.A., Author of "The Science of Build- ing," &c. With 61 Plates, Portrait of the Author, and several Woodcuts. In one large vol., 4to, price i 55. cloth. "Ought to be in every architect's and every builder's library." Builder. " A work whose monumental excellence must commend k wherever skilful carpentry is con- cerned. The author's principles are rather confirmed than impaired by time. The additional plates are of great intrinsic value." Building News. Woodworking Machinery. WOODWORKING MACHINERY : Its Rise, Progress, and Con- struction. With Hints on the Management of Saw Mills and the Economical Conversion of Timber. Illustrated with Examples ot Recent Designs by leading English, French, and American Engineers. By M. Powis BALE, A.M. Inst. C.E., M.I.M.E. Large crown 8vo, ias. 6d. cloth. " Mr. Bale is evidently an expert on the subject and he has collected so much information that his book is all-sufficient for builders and others engaged in the conversion of timber." Architect. "The most comprehensive compendium ot wood- working machinery we have seen. The author is a thorough master of his subject." Building News. " The appearance of this book at the present time will, we should think, give a considerable Impetus to the onward march of the machinist engaged in the designing and manufacture of wood-working machines. It should be in the office of every wood-working factory." English Mechanic. Saw Mills. SA W MILLS : Their Arrangement and Management, and the Economical Conversion of Timber. (Being a Companion Volume to " Wood- working Machinery.") By M. Powis BALE, A.M. Inst. C.E., M.I.M.E. With numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, xos. 6d. cloth. " The administration of a large sawing establishment is discussed, and the subject examined from a financial standpoint. Hence the size, shape, order, and disposition of saw-mills and the like are gone into in detail, and the course of the timber is traced from its reception to its delivery in its converted state. We could not desire a more complete or practical treatise." Builder. " We highly recommend Mr. Bale's work to the attention and perusal of all those who are en- gaged in the art of wood conversion, or who are about building or remodelling saw-mills on im- proved principles." Building Ne^vs. Carpentering. THE CARPENTER'S NEW GUIDE ; or, Book of Lines for Car- penters ; comprising all the Elementary Principles essential for acquiring a knowledge of Carpentry. Founded on the late PETER NICHOLSON'S Standard Work. A New Edition, revised by ARTHUR ASHPITEL, F.S.A. Together with Practical Rules on Drawing, by GEORGE PYNK. With 74 Plates, 4to. i is. cloth. Handrailing. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HANDRAILING : Showing New and Simple Methods for Finding the Pitch of the Plank, Drawing the Moulds, Bevelling, Jointing-up, and Squaring the Wreath. By GEORGE COLLINGS. Illustrated with Plates and Diagrams, izmo, is. 6d. cloth limp. " Will be found of practical utility in the execution of this difficult branch of joinery." Builder " Almost every difficult phase of this somewhat intricate branch of joinery is elucidated by the aid of plates and explanatory letterpress." Furniture Gazette. Circular Work. CIRCULAR WORK IN CARPENTRY AND JOINERY: A Practical Treatise on Circular Work of Single and Double Curvature. By GEORGE COLLINGS, Author of " A Practical Treatise on Handrailing." Illus- trated with numerous Diagrams, ismo, 2s. 6d. cloth limp. [Just published. " An excellent example of what a book of this kind should be. Cheap in price, clear in defini- tion and practical in the examples selected." Builaer. '20 CROSBY LOCK WOOD &> SON 'S CATALOGUE. Timber Merchant's Companion. THE TIMBER MERCHANTS AND BUILDER'S COM- PANION. Containing New and Copious Tables of the Reduced Weight and Measurement of Deals and Battens, of all sizes, from One to a Thousand Pieces, and the relative Price that each size bears per Lineal Foot to any given Price per Petersburg Standard Hundred ; the Price per Cube Foot of Square Timber to any given Price per Load of 50 Feet ; the proportionate Value of Deals and Battens by the Standard, to Square Timber by the Load of 50 Feet ; the readiest mode of ascertaining the Price of Scantling per Lineal Foot of any size, to any given Figure per Cube Foot, &c. &c. By WILLIAM DOWSING. Fourth Edition, Revised and Corrected. Cr. 8vo, 35. cl. "Every timber merchant and builder ought to possess it." Hull Advertiser. " We are glad to see a fourth edition of these admirable tables, which for correctness and simplicity of arrangement leave nothing to be desired." Timber Trades Journal. " An exceedingly well-arranged, clear, and concise manual of tables for the use of all who buy or sell timber." Journal of Forestry. Practical Timber Merchant. THE PRACTICAL TIMBER MERCHANT. Being a Guide for the use of Building Contractors, Surveyors, Builders, &c., comprising useful Tables for all purposes connected with the Timber Trade, Marks of Wood, Essay :on the Strength of Timber, Remarks on the Growth of Timber, &c. By W. RICHARDSON. Fcap. 8vo, 3$. 6d. cloth. " This handy manual contains much valuable information for the use of timber merchants, builders, foresters, and all others connected with the growth, sale, and manufacture of timber.' Journal of Forestry. Timber Freight Book. THE TIMBER MERCHANTS, SAW MILLER'S, AND IMPORTER'S FREIGHT BOOK AND ASSISTANT. Comprising Rules, Tables, and Memoranda relating to the Timber Trade. By WILLIAM RICHARDSON Timber Broker; together with a Chapter on " SPEEDS OF SAW MILL MACHINERY," by M. Powis BALK, M.I.M.E.. &c. i2mo, 35. 6d. cl. boards. "A very useful manual of rules, tables, and memoranda, relating to the timber trade. We re- commend it as a compendium of calculation to all timber measurers and merchants, and as supply- ing a real want in the trade." Sui&iing News. Packing-Case Makers, Tables for. PACKING-CASE TABLES ; showing the number of Super- ficial Feet in Boxes or Packing-Cases, from six inches square and upwards. By W. RICHARDSON, Timber Broker. Second Edition. Oblong 4to. 35. 6d. cl. " Invaluable labour-saving tables." Ironmonger. " Will save much labour." Grocer. Superficial Measurement. THE TRADESMAN'S GUIDE TO SUPERFICIAL ME A- SUREMENT. Tables calculated from i to 200 inches in length, by i to 108 inches in breadth. For the use of Architects, Surveyors, Engineers, Timber Merchants, Builders* &c By JAMES HAWKINGS. Third Edition. Fcap., 35. 6d. cloth. " A useful collection of tables to facilitate rapid calculation of surfaces. The exact area of any surface of which the limits have been ascertained can bei nstantly determined. The book will be found of the greatest utility to all engaged in building operations." Scotsman. Forestry. THE ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY. Designed to afford In- formation concerning the Planting and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit, with Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands. By F. B. HOUGH. Large crown 8vo, IDS. cloth. Timber Importer's Guide. THE TIMBER IMPORTER'S, TIMBER MERCHANT'S AND BUILDER'S STANDARD GUIDE. By RICHARD E. GRANDY. Compris- ing an Analysis of Deal Standards, Home and Foreign, with Comparative Values and Tabular Arrangements for fixing Nett Landed Cost on Baltic and North American Deals, including all intermediate Expenses, Freight, Insurance, &c. &c. Together with copious Information for the Retailer and Builder. Third Edition, Revised. i2mo, zs. 6d. cloth boards. " Everything it pretends to be : buih up gradually, it leads one from a forest to a treenail, and throws in. as a makeweight, a best of material concerning bricks, columns, cisterns, &c." English Mechanic. NAVAL ARCHITECTURE, NAVIGATION, etc. 21 NAVAL ARCHITECTURE, NAVIGATION, etc. Chain Cables. CHAIN CABLES AND CHAINS. Comprising Sizes and Curves of Links, Studs, &c., Iron for Cables and Chains, Chain Cable and Chain Making, Forming and Welding Links, Strength of Cables and Chains, Certificates for Cables, Marking Cables, Prices of Chain Cables and Chains, Historical Notes, Acts of Parliament, Statutory Tests, Charges for Testing, List of Manufacturers of Cables, &c. &c. By THOMAS W. TRAILL, F.E.R.N., M. Inst. C.E., Engineer Surveyor in Chief, Board of Trade, the Inspector of Chain Cable and Anchor Proving Establishments, and General Superin- tendent, Lloyd's Committee on Proving Establishments. With numerous Tables, Illustrations and Lithographic Drawings. Folio, 2 2S. cloth, bevelled boards. " The author writes not only with a full acquaintance with scientific formulae and details, but also with a profound and fully-instructed sense of the importance to the safety of our ships and sailors of fidelity in the manufacture of cables." Athenaum. " The business of chain cable making is well explained and illustrated. We can safely recom- mend this work to all in any way connected with the manufacture of chain cables and chains, as a good book." Nature. " It contains a vast amount of valuable information. Nothing seems to be wanting to make it a complete and standard work of reference on the subject." Nautical Magazine. PocJtet-BooJt for Naval Architects and Shipbuilders. THE NAVAL ARCHITECT'S AND SHIPBUILDER'S POCKET-BOOK of Formula, Rules,and Tableland, MARINE ENGINEER'S AND SURVEYOR'S Handy Book of Reference. By CLEMENT MACKROW, Member of the Institution of Naval Architects, Naval Draughtsman. Third Edition, Revised, With numerous Diagrams, &c. Fcap., 125. 6d. strongly bound in leather. "Should be used by all who are engaged in the construction or design of vessels. . . . Will found to contain the most useful tables and formulae required by shipbuilders, carefully collected be found to contain the most useful tabli from the best authorities, and put togetl ^,-1 1 <> . "The professional shipbuilder has now, in a convenient and accessible form, reliable data for solving many of the numerous problems that present themselves in the course of his work." Iron. "There is scarcely a subject on which a naval architect or shipbuilder can require to refresh his memory which will not be found within the covers of Mr. Mackrow's book." English Mechanic. Pocket-Book for Marine Engineers. A POCKET-BOOK OF USEFUL TABLES AND FOR- MULA? FOR MARINE ENGINEERS. By FRANK PROCTOR, A.I.N.A. leather, gilt edges, with strap, 45. i going far to supply a long-felt want." Naval Science. Third Edition. Royal 32100, leather, gilt edges, with strap, 45. "We recommend it to our readers as going far to supply a long-felt want." A "A most useful companion to all marine engineers." United Service Gazette. Lighthouses. EUROPEAN LIGHTHOUSE SYSTEMS. Being a Report of a Tour of Inspection made in 1873. By Major GEORGE H. ELLIOT, Corps of Engineers, U.S.A. Illustrated by 51 Engravings and 31 Woodcuts. 8vo, zis. cloth. \* The following are published in WE ALE'S RUDIMENTARY SERIES. MASTING, MAST-MAKING, AND RIGGING OF SHIPS. By ROBERT KIPPING, N.A. Fifteenth Edition. i2mo, 2s. 6d. cloth boards. SAILS AND SAIL-MAKING. Eleventh Edition, Enlarged, with an Appendix. By ROBERT KIPPING, N.A. Illustrated. i2mo, 33. cloth boards. NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. By TAMES PEAKE. Fifth Edition, with Plates and Diagrams. i2mo, 45. cloth boards. MARINE ENGINES AND STEAM VESSELS (A Treatise on). By ROBERT MURRAY, C.E., Principal Officer to the Board of Trade for the East Coast of Scotland District. Eighth Edition, thoroughly Revised, with considerable Additions, by the Author and by GEORGE CARLISLE, C.E., Senior Surveyor to the Board of Trade at Liverpool. i2mo, 55. cloth boards. PRACTICAL NA VIGATION. Consisting of THE SAILOR'S SEA- BOOK, by JAS. GREENWOOD and W. H. ROSSER ; together with the requisite Mathematical and Nautical Tables for the Working of the Problems, by HENRY LAW, C.E. and Prof. J. R. YOUNG. Illustrated 12010,75. half-bound. 22 CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON'S CATALOGUE. MINING AND MINING INDUSTRIES. Metalliferous Mining. BRITISH MINING : A Treatise on the History, Discovery, Practical Development, and Future Prospects of Metalliferous Mines in the United King- dom. By ROBERT HUNT, F.R.S., Keeper of Mining Records; Editor of " Ure's Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines," &c. Upwards of 950 pp., with 230 Illustrations. Second Edition, Revised. Super-royal 8vo, z 2S. cloth. [Just published. *** OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. "One of the most valuable works of reference of modern times. Mr. Hunt, as keeper of mining reerds of the United Kingdom, has had opportunities for such a task not enjoyed by anyone else, and has evidently made the most of them. . . . The language and style adopted are good, and ment of the various subjects laborious, conscientious, and scientific." the treatm "Probably no one in this country was better qualified than Mr. Hunt for undertaking such a work. Brought into frequent and close association during a long life-time with the principal guar- dians of our mineral and metallurgical industries, he enjoyed a position exceptionally favourable for collecting the necessary information. The use which he has made of his opportunities is suffi- ciently attested by the dense mass of information crowded into the handsome volume which has just been published. ... In placing before the reader a sketch of the present position of British Mining, Mr. Hunt treats his subject so fully and illustrates it so amply that this section really forms a little treatise on practical mining. . . . The book is, in fact, a treasure-house of statistical information on mining subjects, and we know of no other work embodying so great a mass of matter of this kind. Were this the only merit of Mr. Hunt's volume it would be sufficient to render it indispensable in the library of everyone interested in the development of the mining and metallur- gical industries of this country." Athentziim. " A mass of information not elsewhere available, and of the greatest value to those who may be interested in our great mineral industries." Engineer. " A sound, business-like collection of interesting facts. . . . The amount of information Mr. Hunt has brought together is enormous. . . . The volume appears likely to convey more instruction upon the subject than any work hitherto published." Mining- yournal. "The work will be for the mining industry what Dr. Percy's celebrated treatise has been for the metallurgical a book that cannot with advantage be omitted from the library." Iron and Coal Trades Review. "The literature of mining has hitherto possessed no work approaching in importance to that which has just been published. There is much in Mr. Hunt's valuable work that every shareholder in a mine should read with close attention. The entire subject of practical mining from the first search for the lode to the latest stages of dressing the ore is dealt with in a masterly manner." Academy. Coal and Iron. THE COAL AND IRON INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. Comprising a Description of the Coal Fields, and of the Princi- pal Seams of Coal, with Returns of their Produce and its Distribution, and Analyses of Special Varieties. Also an Account of the occurrence of Iron Ores in Veins or Seams; Analyses of each Variety; and a History of the Rise and Progress of Pig Iron Manufacture since the year 1740, exhibiting the Economies introduced in the Blast Furnaces for its Production and Improve- ment. By RICHARD MEADE, Assistant Keeper of Mining Records. With Maps of the Coal Fields and Ironstone Deposits of the United Kingdom. 8vo, i 8s. cloth. " The book is one which must find a place on the shelves of aH interested in coal and iron production, and in the iron, steel, and other metallurgical industries." Engineer. " Of this book we may unreservedly say that it is the best of its class which we have ever met. . . . A book of reference which no one engaged in the iron or coal trades should omit from his library." Iron and Coal Trades Review. "An exhaustive treatise and a valuable work of reference." Mini Prospecting for Gold and other Metals. THE PROSPECTOR'S HANDBOOK: A Guide for the Pro- spector and Traveller in Search of Metal-Bearing or other Valuable Minerals. By J. W. ANDERSON, M.A. (Camb.), F.R.G.S., Author of "Fiji and New Caledonia." Third Edition, Revised, with Additions. Small crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. [Just published. "Will supply a much felt want, especially among Colonists, in whose way are so often thrown many mineralogical specimens the value of which it is difficult for anyone, not a specialist, to determine. The author has placed his instructions before his readers in the plainest possible terms, and his book is the best of its kind." Engineer. "How to find commercial minerals, and how to identify them when they are found, are the leading points to which attention is directed. The author has managed to pack as much practical detail into his pages as would supply material for a book three times its sire." Mining- yournal. " Those toilers who explore the trodden or untrodden tracks on the face of the globe will find much that is useful to them hi this book." Athenaum. MINING AND MINING INDUSTRIES. 23 Mining Notes and Formulae. NOTES AND FORMULA FOR MINING STUDENTS. By JOHN HERMAN MERIVALE, M.A., Certificated Colliery Manager, Professor of Mining in the Durham College of Science, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Second Edition, carefully Revised. Small crown 8vo, cloth, price 25. 6d. [Just published. 13" This book consists of a collection of notes and formula drawn from various sources, the authority being quoted in most instances. It is hoped that the work will be useful not only to students but to the profession. The principal sources of information upon mining matters are the Transactions of the various Engineering Societies to which the student, in most of our large towns, has access. .4 great many references to the most familiar of them are given, so that the student who wishes to follow tip a subject may be in a position to acquaint himself with details which could not be included in a work like this. The examples of the use of the formula, at the end of the book, are merely given to assist students working without a teacher. " Invaluable to anyone who is working up for an examination on mining subjects." Coal and Iron Trades Rewew. " The author has done his work in an exceedingly creditable manner, and has produced a book that will be of service to students, and those who are practically engaged in mining operations." Engineer. " A vast amount of technical matter of the utmost value to mining engineers, and of consider- able interest to students." Schoolmaster. Mineral Surveying and Valuing. THE MINERAL SURVEYOR AND VALUER'S COMPLETE GUIDE, comprising a Treatise on Improved Mining Surveying and the Valua- tion of Mining Properties, with New Traverse Tables. By WM. LINTERN, Mining and Civil Engineer. Second Edition, with an Appendix on " Mag- netic and Angular Surveying," with Records of the Peculiarities of Needle Disturbances. With Four Plates of Diagrams, Plans, &c. izmo, 45. cloth. \Just published. " An enormous fund of information of great value." Mining Journal. " Mr. Lintern's book forms a valuable and thoroughly trustworthy guide." Iron and Coal Trades Review. " This new edition must be of the highest value to colliery surveyors, proprietors and mana- gers." Colliery Guardian. Metalliferous Minerals and Mining. TREATISE ON METALLIFEROUS MINERALS AND MINING. By D. C. DAVIES, F.G.S., Mining Engineer, &c., Author of "A Treatise on Slate and Slate Quarrying." Illustrated with numerous Wood Engravings. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo, I2S. 6d. cloth. " Neither the practical miner nor the general reader interested in mines, can have a better book or his companion and his guide." Mining Journal. "The volume is one which no student of mineralogy should be without." Colliery Guardian, " We are doing our readers a service in calling their attention to this valuable work." Mining World. "A book that will not only be useful to the geologist, the practical miner, and the metallurgist, but also very interesting to the general public." Iron. " As a history of the present state of mining throughout the world this book has a real value, and it supplies an actual want, for no such information has hitherto been brought together within such limited space." Athen&um. Earthy Minerals and Mining. A TREATISE ON EARTHY AND OTHER MINERALS AND MINING. By D. C. DAVIES, F.G.S. Uniform with, and forming a Companion Volume to, the same Author's " Metalliferous Minerals and Mining." With 76 Wood Engravings. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 12$. 6d. cloth. " It is essentially a practical work, intended primarily for the use of practical men. . . . We do not remember to have met with any English work on mining matters that contains the same amount of information packed in equally convenient form." Academy. " The book is clearly the result of many years' careful work and thought, and we should be inclined to rank it as among the very best of the handy technical and trades manuals which have recently appeared." British Quarterly Revieitt. "The volume contains a great mass of practical information carefully methodised and pre- sented in a very intelligible shape." Scotsman. "The subject matter of the volume will be found of high value by all and they are a numer- ous class who trade in earthy minerals." Athenxum. 24 CROSBY LOCK WOOD &> SON'S CATALOGUE. Underground Pumping Machinery. MINE DRAINAGE. Being a Complete and Practical Treatise on Direct-Acting Underground Steam Pumping Machinery, with a Descrip- tion of a large number of the best known Engines, their General Utility and the Special Sphere of their Action, the Mode of their Application, and their merits compared with other forms of Pumping Machinery. By STEPHEN MICHELL. 8vo, 15$. cloth. " Will be highly esteemed by colliery owners and lessees, mining- engineers, and students generally who require to be acquainted with the best means of securing the drainage of mines. It is a most valuable work, and stands almost alone in the literature of steam pumping machinery." Colliery Guardian. "Much valuable information is given, so that the book is thoroughly worthy of an extensive circulation amongst practical men and purchasers of machinery." Mining Journal. Mining Tools. A MANUAL OF MINING TOOLS. For the Use of Mine Managers, Agents, Students, &c. By WILLIAM MORGANS, Lecturer on Prac- tical Mining at the Bristol School of Mines. i2mo, 35. cloth boards. ATLAS OF ENGRAVINGS to Illustrate the above, contain- ing 235 Illustrations of Mining Tools, drawn to scale. 4to, 45. 6d. cloth. "Students in the science of mining, and overmen, captains, managers, and viewers may gain practical knowledge and useful hints by the study of Mr. Morgans' manual." Colliery Guardian. "A valuable work, which will tend materially to improve our mining literature." Mining Coal Mining. COAL AND COAL MINING: A Rudimentary Treatise on. By Sir WARINGTON W. SMYTH, M.A., F.R.S., &c., Chief Inspector of the Mines of the Crown. New Edition, Revised and Corrected. With numerous Illus- trations, izrno, 45. cloth boards. _ "As an outline is given of every known coal-field in this and other countries, as well as of the principal methods of working, the book will doubtless interest a very large number of readers." Mining Journal. Subterraneous Surveying. SUBTERRANEOUS SURVEYING, Elementary and Practical Treatise on ; with and without the Magnetic Needle. By THOMAS FENWICK, Surveyor of Mines, and THOMAS BAKER, C.E. Illustrated, izmo, 35. cloth boards. r===rr= __-__________ NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCE. Text Book of Electricity. THE STUDENTS TEXT-BOOK OF ELECTRICITY. By HENRY M. NOAD, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.C.S. New Edition, carefully Revised. With an Introduction and Additional Chapters, by W. H. PREECE, M.I.C.E., Vice-President of the Society of Telegraph Engineers, &c. With 470 Illustra- tions. Crown 8vo, izr. 6d. cloth. "The original plan of this book has been carefully adhered to so as to make it a reflex of the existing state of electrical science, adapted for students. . . . Discovery seems to have pro- gressed with marvellous strides ; nevertheless it has now apparently ceased, and practical applica- tions have commenced their career ; and it is to give a faithful account of these that this fresh edition of Dr. Noad's valuable text-book is launched forth." Extractfrom Introduction by W. H. Preece, Esq. " We can recommend Dr. Noad's book for clear style, great range of subject, a good index, and a plethora of woodcuts. Such collections as the present are indispensable. 'Athenaum. " Dr. Noad's text-book has earned for itself the reputation of a truly scientific manual for the student of electricity, and we gladly hail this new amended edition, which brings it once more to the front. Mr. Preece as reviser, with the assistance of Mr. H. R. Kempe and Mr. I. P. Edwards, has added all the practical results of recent invention and research to the admirable theoretical expositions of the author, so that the book is about as complete and advanced as it is possible for any book to be within the limits of a text-book." Telegraphic Journal. Electricity. A MANUAL OF ELECTRICITY: Including Galvanism, Mag. netism, Dia-Magnetism, Electro-Dynamics, Magno-Electricity, and the Electric Telegraph. By HENRY M. NOAD, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.C.S. Fourth Edition. With 500 Woodcuts. 8vp, i 45. cloth. "Tbe accounts given of electricity and galvanism are not only complete in a scientific sense but, which is a rarer thing, are popular and interesting." Lancet. "It is worthy of a place in the library of every public institution," Mining- yournal. NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCE. 25 Electric Ldght. ELECTRIC LIGHT : Its Production and Use. Embodying Plain Directions for the Treatment of Voltaic Batteries, Electric Lamps, and Dynamo-Electric Machines. By J. W. URQUHART, C.E., Author of " Electro- plating." Second Edition, with large Additions and 128 Illusts. 75. 6d. cloth. " The book is by far the best that we have yet met with on the subject." Athenaum. "It is the only work at present available which gives, in language intelligible for the most part to the ordinary reader, a general but concise history of the means which have been adopted up to the present time in producing the electric light." Metropolitan. "The book contains a general account of the means adopted in producing the electric light, not only as obtained from voltaic or galvanic batteries, but treats at length of the dynamo-electric machine in several of its forms." Colliery Guardian. Electric lAghting. THE ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRIC LIGHT- ING. By ALAN A. CAMPBELL SWINTON, Associate S.T.E. Crown 8vo, is. 6d. cloth. "Anyone who desires a short and thoroughly clear exposition of the elementary principles of electric-lighting cannot do better than read this little work." Bradford Observer. Dr. Lardner's School Handbooks. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY FOR SCHOOLS. By Dr. LARDNER. 328 Illustrations. Sixth Edition. One Vol., 35. 6d. cloth. " A very convenient class-book for junior students in private schools. It is intended to convey, tn clear and precise terms, general notions of all the principal divisions of Physical Science." British Quarterly Review. ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY FOR SCHOOLS. By Dr. LARDNER. With 190 Illustrations. Second Edition. One Vol., 35. 6d. cloth. " Clearly written, well arranged, and excellently illustrated." Gardener's Chronicle. Dr. Lardner's Electric Telegraph. THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. By Dr. LARDNER. Re- vised and Re-written by E. B. BRIGHT, F.R.A.S. 140 Illustrations. Small 8vo, 2$. 6d. cloth. " One of the most readable books extant on the Electric Telegraph." English Mechanic. Storms. STORMS : Their Nature, Classification, and Laws; with the Means of Predicting them by their Embodiments, the Clouds. By WM. BLASIUS. With Coloured Plates and Woodcuts. Crown 8vo, IDS. 6d. cloth. " A very readable book. . . . The fresh facts contained in its pages, collected with evident care, form a useful repository for meteorologists in the study of atmospherical disturbances. . . . The book will pay perusal as being the production of one who gives evidence of acute observa- tion." Nature. The blowpipe. THE BLOWPIPE IN CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND GEOLOGY. Containing all known Methods of Anhydrous Analysis, many Working Examples, and Instructions for Making Apparatus. By Lieut.- Colonel W. A. Ross, R.A. With 120 Illustrations. Cr. 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. "The student who goes conscientiously through the course of experimentation here laid down will gain a better insight into inorganic chemistry and mineralogy than if he had 'got up' any of the best text-books ot the day, and p'assed any number of examinations in their contents." Chemi- cal News. The Military Sciences. AIDE-MEMOIRE TO THE MILITARY SCIENCES. Framed from Contributions of Officers and others connected with the different Ser- vices. Originally edited by a Committee of the Corps of Royal Engineers. Second Edition, most carefully revised by an Officer of the Corps, with many ngs and many hundr, and lettered, 4 10$. " A compendious encyclopaedia of military knowledge, to which we are greatly indebted." Edinburgh Review. Field Fortification. A TREATISE ON FIELD FORTIFICATION, THE ATTACK OF FORTRESSES, MILITARY MINING, AND RECONNOITRING. By Colonel I. S. MACAULAY, late Professor of Fortification in the R.M.A., Wool- wich. Sixth Edition, crown 8vo, cloth, with separate Atlas of 12 Plates, 12$. Additions ; containing nearly 350 Engravings and many hundred Woodcuts. Three Vols., royal 8vo, extra cloth boards, anc" " 26 CROSBY LOCK WOOD & SON'S CATALOGUE. Temperaments. OUR TEMPERAMENTS, THEIR STUDY AND THEIR TEACHING. A Popular Outline. By ALEXANDER STEWART, F.R.C.S. Edin. In one large 8vo volume, with 30 Illustrations, including A Selection from Lodge's " Historical Portraits," showing the Chief Forms of Faces. Price 155. cloth, gilt top. "The book is exceedingly interesting, even for those who are not systematic students of an- thropology. ... To those who think the proper study of mankind is uaan, it will be full of attrac- tion. :aily Telegraph. "The author's object is to enable a student to read a man's temperament in his aspect. The work is well adapted to its end. It is worthy of the attention of students of human nature." Scots' an. " The volume is heavy to hold, but light to read. Though the author has treated his subject exhaustively, he writes in a popular and pleasant manner that renders it attractive to the general reader." Punch. Pneumatics and Acoustics. PNEUMATICS : including Acoustics and the Phenomena of Wind Currents, for the Use of Beginners. By CHARLES TOMLINSON, F.R.S., F.C.S., &c. Fourth Edition, Enlarged. With numerous Illustrations. I2mo, is. 6d. cloth. [Just published. " Beginners in the study of this important application of science could not have a better manual." Scotsman. " A valuable and suitable text-book for students of Acoustics and the Phenomena of Wind Currents." Schoolmaster. Conchology. A MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSC A : Being a Treatise on Recent and Fossil Shells. By S. P. WOODWARD, A.L.S., F.G.S., late Assistant Palaeontologist in the British Museum. Fifth Edition. With an Appendix on Recent and Fossil Conchological Discoveries, by RALPH TATE A.L.S., F.G.S. Illustrated by A. N. WATERHOUSE and JOSEPH WILSON LOWRY. With 23 Plates and upwards of 300 Woodcuts. Crown 8vo, 75. 6d. cloth boards. " A most valuable storehouse of conchological and geological information." SWr<* Gossip. Astronomy. ASTRONOMY. By the late Rev. ROBERT MAIN, M.A., F.R.S., formerly Radcliffe Observer at Oxford. Third Edition, Revised and Cor- rected to the present time, by WILLIAM THYNNE LYNN, B.A., F.R.A.S., formerly of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, izmo, 2S. cloth limp. " A sound and simple treatise, very carefully edited, and a capital book for beginners." Knowledge. "Accurately brought down to the requirements of the present time by Mr. Lynn.." Edu- cational Times. Geology. RUDIMENTARY TREATISE ON GEOLOGY, PHYSICAL AND HISTORICAL. Consisting of "Physical Geology," which sets forth the leading Principles of the Science ; and " Historical Geology," which treats of the Mineral and Organic Conditions of the Earth at each successive epoch, especial reference being made to the British Series of Rocks. By RALPH TATE, A.L.S., F.G.S., &c., &c. With 250 Illustrations. i2mo, 5$. cloth boards. " The fulness of the matter has elevated the book into a manual. Its information is exhaustive and well arranged." School Board Chronicle. Geology and Genesis. THE TWIN RECORDS OF CREATION; or, Geology and Genesis : their Perfect Harmony and Wonderful Concord. By GEORGE W. VICTOR LE VAUX. Numerous Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo, 55. cloth. " A valuable contribution to the evidences of Revelation, and disposes very conclusively of the arguments of those who would set God's Works against God's Word. No real difficulty is shirked, and no sophistry is left unexposed." The Root. " The remarkable peculiarity of this author is that he combines an unbounded admiration of science with an unbounded admiration of the Written record. The two impulses are balanced to a ninety ; and the consequence is that difficulties, which to minds less evenly poised would be seri- ous, find immediate solutions of the happiest kinds." London Review, NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCE. 27 DR. LARDNER'S HANDBOOKS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. THE HANDBOOK OF MECHANICS. Enlarged and almost re- written by BENJAMIN LOEWY, F.R.A.S. With 378 Illustrations. Post 8vo, 6s. cloth. "The perspicuity of the original has been retained, and chapters which had become obsolete have been replaced by others of more modern character. The explanations throughout are studiously popular, and care has been taken to show the application of the various branches of physics to the industrial arts, and to the practical business of life." Mining Journal. "Mr. Loewy has carefully revised the book, and brought it up to modern requirements." Nature. " Natural philosophy has had few exponents mere able or better skilled in the art of popu- larising the subject than Dr. Lardner ; and Mr. Loewy is doing good service in fitting this treatke, and the others of the series, for use at the present time." Scotsman. THE HANDBOOK OF HYDROSTATICS AND PNEUMATICS. New Edition, Revised and Enlarged, by BENJAMIN LOEWY, F.R.A.S. With 236 Illustrations. Post 8vo, 55. cloth. "For those 'who desire to attain an accurate knowledge of physical science without the pro- found methods of mathematical investigation,' this work is not merely intended, but well adapted.'' Chemical News. " The volume before us has been carefully edited, augmented to nearly twice the bulk of the former edition, and all the most recent matter has been added. . . . It is a valuable text-book." Nature. "Candidates for pass examinations will find it, we think, specially suited to their requirements.' English Mechanic. THE HANDBOOK OF HEAT. Edited and almost entirely re- written by BENJAMIN LOEWY, F.R.A.S., &c. 117 Illustrations. Post 8vo, 6s. cloth. " The style is always clear and precise, and conveys instruction without leaving any cloudiness or lurking doubts behind." Engineering. "A most exhaustive book on the subject on which it treats, and is so arranged that it can be understood by all who desire to attain an accurate knowledge of physical science Mr. Loewy has included all the latest discoveries in the varied laws and effects of heat." Standard. "A complete and handy text-book for the use of students and general readers." English Mechanic. THE HANDBOOK OF OPTICS. By DIONYSIUS LARDNER, D.C.L., formerly Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in University College, London. New Edition. Edited by T. OLVER HARDING, B.A. Lend., of University College, London. With 298 Illustrations. Small 8vo, 448 pages, 55. cloth. "Written by one of the ablest English scientific writers, beautifully and elaborately illustrated." Mechanic s Magazine. THE HANDBOOK OF ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM, AND ACOUSTICS. By Dr. LARDNER. Ninth Thousand. Edit, by GEORGE CAREY FOSTER, B.A., F.C.S. With 400 Illustrations. Small 8vo, 55. cloth. " The book could not have been entrusted to anyone better calculated to preserve the terse and lucid style of Lardner, while correcting his errors and bringing up his work to the present state of scientific knowledge." Popular Science Review. * v * The above Five Volumes, though each is Complete in itself, form A COM- PLETE COURSE OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. Dr. Lardner's Handbook of Astronomy. THE HANDBOOK OF ASTRONOMY. Forming a Companion to the " Handbook of Natural Philosophy/' By DIONYSIUS LARDNER, D.C.L., formerly Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in University College, London. Fourth Edition. Revised and Edited by EDWIN DUNKIN, F.R.A.S., Royal Observatory, Greenwich. With 38 Plates and upwards of loo Woodcuts. In One Vol., small 8vo, 550 pages, 9$. 6d. cloth. " Probably no other book contains the same amount of information in so compendious and well- arranged a form certainly none at the price at which this is offered to the public." Athemeum. "We can do no other than pronounce this work a most valuable manual of astronomy, and we strongly recommend it to all who wish to acquire a general but at the same time correct acquaint- ance with this sublime science." Quarterly Journal of Science. "One of the most deservedly popular books on the subject . . . We would recommend not only the student of the elementary principles of the science, but he who aims at mastering the higher and mathematical branches of astronomy, not to be without this work beside him." Practi- cal Ma^azint. CROSBY LOCK WOOD &- SON 'S CA TALOGUE. DR. LARDNER'S MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART. THE MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART. Edited by DIONYSIUS LARDNER, D.C.L., formerly Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in University College, London. With upwards of 1,200 Engrav- ings on Wood. In 6 Double Volumes, i is., in a new and elegant cloth bind- ing ; or handsomely bound in half-morocco, 315. 6d. Contents : The Planets : Are they Inhabited Worlds ? ; motive Thermometer New Planets : Le- Weather Prognostics Popular Fallacies in : verrier and Adams's Planet Magnitude and Questions of Physical Science Latitudes and i Minuteness Common Things : The Almanack Longitudes Lunar Influences Meteoric , Optical Images How to observe the Heavens btones and Shooting Stars Railway Accidents < Common Things : The Looking-glass Light Common Things : Air Locomotion Stellar Universe The Tides Colour Com- in the United States Cometary Influences j mon Things: Man Magnifying Glasses In- Common Things : Water The Potter's Art stinct and Intelligence The Solar Microscope Common Things : Fire Locomotion and ' The Camera Lucida The Magic Lantern Transport, their Influence and Progress The ' The Camera Obscura The Microscope The Moon Common Things: The Earth The White Ants : Their Manners and Habits The Electric Telegraph Terrestrial Heat The : Surface of the Earth, or First Notions of Sun Earthquakes and Volcanoes Barometer, Geography Science and Poetry The Bee- Safety Lamp, and Whitworth's Micrometric Steam Navigation Electro-Motive Power Apparatus Steam The Steam Engine The , Thunder, Lightning, and the Aurora Borealis tye The Atmosphere Time Common j The Printing Press The Crust of the Earth Things : Pumps Common Things : Spectacles, Comets The Stereoscope The Pre-Adatn- the Kaleidoscope Clocks and Watches j ite Earth Eclipses Sound. Microscopic Drawing and Engraving Loco- I %* OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. "This series, besides affording popular but sound instruction on scientific subjects, with which the humblest man in the country ought to be acquainted, also undertakes that teaching of ' Com- mon Things ' which every well-wisher of his kind is anxious to promote. Many thousand copies of this serviceable publication have been printed, in the belief and hope that the desire for instruction and improvement widely prevails ; and we have no fear that such enlightened faith will meet with disappointment." Times. " A cheap and interesting publication, alike informing and attractive. The papers combine subjects of importance and great scientific knowledge, considerable inductive powers, and a popular style of treatment." Spectator. "The ' Museum of Science and Art' is the most valuable contribution that has ever been made to the Scientific Instruction of every class of society." Sir DAVID BREWSTER. in the North British Review. " Whether we consider the liberality and beauty of the illustrations, the charm of the writing, or the durable interest of the matter, we must express our belief that there is hardly to be found among the new books one that would be welcomed by people of so many ages and classes as a valuable present." Examiner. *** Separate books formed from the above, suitable for Workmen's Libraries, Science Classes, etc. Common Things Explained. Containing Air, Earth, Fire, Water, Time, Man, the Eye, Locomotion, Colour, Clocks and Watches, &c. 233 Illus- trations, cloth gilt, 55. The Microscope. Containing Optical Images, Magnifying Glasses, Origin and Description of the Microscope, Microscopic Objects, the Solar Micro- scope, Microscopic Drawing and Engraving, &c. 147 Illustrations, cloth gilt, zs. Popular Geology* Containing Earthquakes and Volcanoes, the Crust of the Earth, &c. 201 Illustrations, cloth gilt, 2s. 6d. Popular Physics. Containing Magnitude and Minuteness, the Atmo- sphere, Meteoric Stones, Popular Fallacies, Weather Prognostics, the Thermometer, the Barometer, Sound, &c. 85 Illustrations, cloth gilt, 2s. 6d. Steam and its Uses. Including the Steam Engine, the Locomotive, and Steam Navigation. 89 Illustrations, cloth gilt, 25. Popular Astronomy. Containing How to observe the Heavens The Earth, Sun, Moon, Planets, Light, Comets, Eclipses, Astronomical Influ- ences, &c. 182 Illustrations, 45. 6d. The Bee and White Ants : Their Manners and Habits. With Illustra- tions of Animal Instinct and Intelligence. 135 Illustrations, cloth gilt, 25. The Electric Telegraph Popularized. To render intelligible to all who can Read, irrespective of any previous Scientific Acquirements, the various iorms of Telegraphy in Actual Operation. 100 Illustrations, cloth gilt, is.6d. - COUNTING-HOUSE WORK, TABLES, CALCULATORS, etc. 29 COUNTING-HOUSE WORK, TABLES, etc. Accounts for Manufacturers. FACTORY ACCOUNTS: Their Principles and Practice. A Handbook for Accountants and Manufacturers, with Appendices on the No- menclature of Machine Details; the Income Tax Acts; the Rating of Fac- tories; Fire and Boiler Insurance; the Factory and Workshop Acts, &c., including also a Glossary of Terms and a large number of Specimen Rulings. By EMILE GARCKE and J. M. FELLS. Second Edition. Demy 8vo, 250 pages, price ros. 6d. strongly bound. [Just published, "One of the most important works ever published dealing with these matters. The authors have treated the subject from the standpoint of the factory, as practical men speaking to practical men, and not, as has been too often the case, as schoolmasters to schoolboys." Electrician. " A very interesting- description of the requirements of Factory Accounts. . . . the principle of assimilating the Factory Accounts to the general commercial books is one which we thoroughly agree -id methot . any kind of commercial transactions." Scotsman. Modern Metrical Units and Systems. MODERN METROLOGY: A Manual of the Metrical Units and Systems of the Present Century. With an Appendix containing a proposed English System. By Lowis D'A. JACKSON, A.M. Inst. C.E., Author ot " Aid to Survey Practice," &c. Large crown 8vo, 125. 6d. cloth. "The author has brought together much valuable and interesting information. . . . We cannot but recommend the work to the consideration of all interested in the practical reform of our weights and measures." Nature. 'TPor exhaustive tables of equivalent weights and measures of all sorts, and for clear demonstra- tions of the effects of the various systems that have been proposed or adopted, Mr. Jackson's treatise is without a rival." Academy. The Metric System and the British Standards. A SERIES OF METRIC TABLES, in which the British Stand- ard Measures and Weights are compared with those of the Metric System at present in Use on the Continent. By C. H. DOWLING, C.E. 8vo, xos. 6d. strongly bound. " Their accuracy has been certified by Professor Airy, the Astronomer-Royal." Bu ilder. "Mr. Dowling's Tables are well put together as a ready-reckoner for the conversion of one system into the other." Athenaum. Iron and Metal Trades 9 Calculator. THE IRON AND METAL TRADES' COMPANION. For expeditiously ascertaining the Value of any Goods bought or sold by Weight, from is. per cwt. to lias, per cwt., and from one farthing per pound to one shilling per pound. Each Table extends from one pound to 100 tons. To which are appended Rules on Decimals, Square and Cube Root, Mensuration of Superficies and Solids, &c. ; Tables of Weights of Materials, and other Useful Memoranda. ByTHOS. DOWNIE. 396 pp., 95. Strongly bound in leather. " A most useful set of tables, and will supply a want, for nothing like them before existed." Snilding- News. " Although specially adapted to the iron and metal trades, the tables will be found useful in every other business in which merchandise is bought and sold by weight." Rail-way News. employing calculations." Kncrw " Supplies special and rapid methods for all kinds of calculations. Of great utility to persons engaged in any kind of comtnerc' ' 30 CROSBY LOCK WOOD &- SON'S CATALOGUE. Calculator for Numbers and Weights Combined. THE COMBINED NUMBER AND WEIGHT CALCU- LA TOR. Containing upwards of 250,000 Separate Calculations, showing at a glance the value at 421 different rates, ranging from ^jth of a Penny to 205. each, or per cwt., and 20 per ton, ot any number of articles consecutively, from i to 470. Any number of cwts., qrs., and Ibs., from i cwt. to 470 cwts. Any number of tons, cwts., qrs., and Ibs., from i to 23^ tons. By WILLIAM CHADWICK, Public Accountant. Imp. 8vo, 305. strongly bound for Office wear and tear. l-sar This comprehensive and entirely unique and original Calculator is adapted for the use of A ccountants and A uditors, Railway Companies, Canal Companies, Shippers, Shipping Agents, General Carriers, etc. Ironfounders, Brass founders, Metal Merchants, Iron Manufacturers, Ironmongers, Engineers, Machinists, Boiler Makers, Millwrights, Roofing, Bridge and Girder Makers, Colliery Proprietors, etc. Timber Merchants, Builders, Contractors, Architects, Surveyors, Auctioneers, Valuers, Brokers, Mill Owners and Manufacturers, Mill Furnishers, Merchants and General Wholesale Tradesmen. *** OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. "The book contains the answers to questions, and not simply a set of Ingenious puzzle methods of arriving at results. It is as easy of reference for any answer or any number of answers as a dictionary, and the references are even more quickly made. For making up accounts or esti- mates, the book must prove invaluable to all who have any considerable quantity of calculations involving price and measure in any combination to do." Engineer. " The most complete and practical ready reckoner which it has been our fortune yet to see. It is difficult to imagine a trade or occupation in which it could not be of the greatest use, either in saving human labour or in checking work." The Miller. " The most perfect work of the kind yet prepared." Glasgow Herald, Comprehensive Weight Calculator. THE WEIGHT CALCULATOR. Being a Series of Tables upon a New and Comprehensive Plan, exhibiting at One Reference the exact Value of any Weight from i Ib. to 15 tons, at 300 Progressive Rates, from id. to i68s. per cwt., and containing 186,000 Direct Answers, which, with their Combinations, consisting of a single addition (mostly to be performed at sight), will afford an aggregate of 10,266,000 Answers; the whole being calcu- lated and designed to ensure correctness and promote despatch. By HENRY HARBEN, Accountant. Fourth Edition, carefully Corrected. Royal 8vo, strongly half-bound, 1 5$. [Just published. " A practical and useful work of reference for men of business generally ; it is the best of the kind we have seen." Ironmonger. "Of priceless value to business men. Its accuracy and completeness have secured for it a reputation which renders it quite unnecessary for us to say one word in its praise. It is a necessary book in all mercantile offices." Sheffield Independent. Comprehensive Discoiint Guide. THE DISCOUNT GUIDE. Comprising several Series of Tables for the use of Merchants, Manufacturers, Ironmongers, and others, by which may be ascertained the exact Profit arising from any mode of sing Discounts, either in the Purchase or Sale of Goods, and the method of either Altering a Rate of Discount or Advancing a Price, so as to produce, by one operation, a sum that will realise any required profit after allowing one or more Discounts : to which are added Tables of Profit or Advance from ij to 90 per cent., Tables of Discount from i J to 98 J per cent., and Tables of Com- mission, &c., from | to 10 per cent. By HENRY HARBEN, Accountant, Author of" The Weight Calculator." New Edition, carefully Revised and Corrected. $. ted by business men, to whom the saving of time means saving of money. We have the high authority of Professor J. R. Young that the tables t the Demy 8vo, 544 pp. half-bound, i 5$. " A book such as this can only be appreciate throughout the work are constructed upon strictly accurate principles. The work must prove of great value to merchants, manufacturers, and general traders." British Trade Journal. Iron Shipbuilders' and Merchants' Weight Tables. IRON -PL ATE WEIGHT TABLES: For Iron Shipbuilders, Engineers and Iron Merchants. Containing the Calculated Weights of up- wards of 150,000 different sizes of Iron Plates, from i foot by 6 in. by J in. to 10 feet by 5 feet by i in. Worked out on the basis of 40 Ibs. to tbe square foot of Iron of i inch in thickness. Carefully compiled and thoroughly Re- vised by H. BURLINSON and W. H. SIMPSON. Oblong 4to, 255. halt-bound. "This work will be found of great utility. The authors have had much practical experience of what is wanting in making estimates; and the use of the book will save much time in making elaborate calculations. English Mechanic. INDUSTRIAL AND USEFUL ARTS. 31 INDUSTRIAL AND USEFUL ARTS. Soap-making. THE ART OF SOAP-MAKING: A Practical Handbook of the Manufacture of Hard and Soft Soaps, Toilet Soaps, etc. Including many New Processes, and a Chapter on the Recovery of Glycerine from Waste Leys. By ALEXANDER WATT, Author of "Electro-Metallurgy Practically Treated," &c. With numerous Illustrations. Third Edition, Revised. Crown 8vo, 75. 6d. cloth. "The work will prove very useful, not merely to the technological student, but to the practical soap-boiler who wishes to understand the theory of his art." Chemical News. "Really an excellent example of a technical manual, entering, as it does, thoroughly and exhaustively both into the theory and practice of soap manufacture. The book is well and honestly done, and deserves the considerable circulation with which it will doubtless meet." Knowledge. "Mr. Watt's book is a thoroughly practical treatise on an art which has almost no literature in our language. We congratulate the author on the success of his endeavour to fill a void in English technical literature." Nature. Leather Manufacture. THE ART OF LEATHER MANUFACTURE. Being a Practical Handbook, in which the Operations ot Tanning, Currying, and Leather Dressing are fully Described, and the Principles of Tanning Ex- plained, and many Recent Processes introduced; as also Methods for the Estimation of Tannin, and a Description of the Arts of Glue Boiling, Gut Dressing, &c. By ALEXANDER WATT, Author of " Soap-Making," " Electro- Metallurgy," &c. With numerous Illustrations. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 95. cloth. [Just published. "A sound, comprehensive treatise on tanning and its accessories. The book is an eminently valuable production, which redounds to the credit of both author and publishers." Chemical Review. "This volume Js technical without being tedious, comprehensive and complete without being prosy, and it bears on every page the impress of a master hand. We have never come across a better trade treatise, nor one that so thoroughly supplied an absolute want." Shoe and Leather Trades' Chronicle. Boot and Shoe Making. THE ART OF BOOT AND SHOE-MAKING. A Practical Handbook, including Measurement, Last-Fitting, Cutting-Out, Closing and Making, with a Description of the most approved Machinery employed. By JOHN B. LENO, late Editor of St. Crispin, and The Boot and Shoe-Maker. With numerous Illustrations. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, zs. 6d. cloth. [Just published. " This excellent treatise is by far the best work ever written on the subject. A new wo k, embracing all modern improvements, was much wanted. This want is now satisfied. The chapter on clicking, which shows how waste may be prevented, will save fifty times the price of the book " Scottish Leather Trader. " This volume is replete with matter well worthy the perusal of boot and shoe manufacturers and experienced craftsmen, and instructive and valuable in the highest degree to all young beginners and craftsmen in the trade of which it treats." Leather Trades' Circular. Dentistry. MECHANICAL DENTISTRY : A Practical Treatise on the Construction of the various kinds of Artificial Dentures. Comprising also Use- ful Formulas, Tables and Receipts for Gold Plate, Clasps, Solders, &c. &c. By CHARLES HUNTER. Third Edition, Revised. With upwards of 100 Wood Engravings. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. [Just published. " The work is very practical." Monthly Review of Dental Surgery. " We can strongly recommend Mr. Hunter's treatise to all students preparing for the profession of dentistry, as well as to every mechanical dentist." Dublin Journal of Medical Science. Wood Engraving. A PRACTICAL MANUAL OF WOOD ENGRAVING. With a Brief Account of the History of the Art. By WILLIAM NORMAN BROWN. With numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, zs. cloth. " The author deals with the subject in a thoroughly practical and easy series of representative lessons." Pater and Printing Trades Journal. "The book is clear and complete, and will be useful to anyone wanting to understand the first elements of the beautiful art of wood engraving." Graphic. Paper Making. A TREATISE ON PAPER; with an Outline of its Manufacture, Complete Tables of Sizes, etc. For Printers and Stationers. By RICHARDSON PARKINSON. 8vo, 3$. cloth ; zs. 6d. paper wrapper. " An admirable handbook by a man who understands his subject" Printers' Register. 32 CROSBY LOCK WOOD &> SON'S CATALOGUE. LOCKWOOD'S HANDY BOOKS FOR HANDICRAFTS. 13" These Handybooks are written to supply Handicraftsmen with informa- tion on workshop practice, and are intended to convey, in plain language, technical knowledge of the several crafts. Workshop terms are used, and workshop practice described, the text being freely illustrated with drawings of modern tools, appliances and processes, useful alike to the young beginner and to the old hand, whose range of experience has been narrowed under a system of divided labour, a* well as to amateurs. 13* The following Volumes are already published. Metal Turning. THE MET A L TURNER'S HA ND YBOOK. A Practical Manual for Workers at the Foot-Lathe: Embracing Information on the Tools, Appliances and Processes employed in Metal Turning. By PAUL N. HAS- LUCK, A.I.M.E., Author of" Lathe-Work." With upwards of One Hundred Illustrations. Second Edition, Revised. Cr. 8vo, zs. cloth. [Just published. " Altogether admirably adapted to initiate students into the art of turning." Leicester Post. " Clearly and concisely written, excellent in every way, we heartily commend it to all interested In metal turning." Mechanical World. " With the assistance of a clever master, a clear and vivid expounder, and an abundance ol illustrations, the work lets handicraftsmen know what are the resources of the turning-lathe and how these may be developed." Dundee Advertiser. Wood Turning. THE WOOD TURNER'S HANDY BOOK. A Practical Manual for Workers at the Lathe : Embracing Information on the Tools, Appliances and Processes Employed in Wood Turning. By PAUL N. HASLUCK, A.I.M.E , Author of "Lathe-Work," "The Metal Turner's Handybook," &c. With upwards of One Hundred Illustrations. Crown 8vo, zs. cloth. [Just published. The volume is well and clearly written in a lucid style, and all the instructions are fuliy given. liable guide to , It will be found of great value to workmen and amateurs, and forms a safe and reli every branch of the lathe manipulation." Carpenter and Builder. " An excellent manual for workers at the lathe." Glasgow Herald. "We recommend the book to young turners and amateurs. A multitude of workmen have hitherto sought in vain for a manual of this special industry." Mechanical World. Watch Repairing. THE WATCH JOBBER'S HANDYBOOK. A Practical Manual on Cleaning, Repairing and Adjusting. Embracing Information on the Tools, Materials, Appliances and Processes Employed in Watchwork. By PAUL N. HASLUCK, A.I.M.E., Author of " Lathe-Work," "The Metal Turner's Handy- Book," "The Wood Turner's Handybook," &c. With upwards of One Hundred Illustrations. Crown 8vo, zs. cloth, [Just published, " Written in a clear style exactly suited to beginners and amateurs. We heartily recommend it." Practical Engineer. " We recommend it to craftsmen in watchmaking as a useful and well-written grammar of their art." Scotsman. " All young persons connected with the trade should acquire and study this excellent, and aJ the same time, inexpensive work." Clerken-well Chronicle. Pattern Making. THE PATTERN MAKER'S HANDYBOOK. A Practical Manual, embracing Information on the Tools, Materials and Appliances em- ployed in Constructing Patterns for Founders. By PAUL N. HASLUCK, A.I.M.E. With One Hundred Illustrations. Cr. 8vo, zs. cloth. [Just published. "Mr. Hasluck's 'Lathe Work" and kindred productions have acquired a high reputation. His new volume, ' Pattern Making,' contains invaluable advice, and furnishes the studious workman with a very large amount of practical information." Lloyd's News. " Especially useful to the beginner. We commend it to all who are interested in the counsels it so ably gives." Colliery Guardian. " This handy volume contains sound information of considerable value to students and artificers." Hard-ware Trade Journal. Mechanical Manipulation. THE MECHANICS WORKSHOP HANDYBOOK. A Practical Manual on Mechanical Manipulation. Embracing Information on various Handicraft Processes, with Useful Notes and Miscellaneous Memoranda By PAUL N. HASLUCK, A.I.M.E. Author of " Lathe- Work," " The Metal Turner's Handybook," "The Wood Turner's Handybook.'' &c. Crown 8vo, zs. cloth. f Just r'ady INDUSTRIAL AND USEFUL ARTS. 33 Electrolysis of Gold, Silver, Copper, etc. ELECTRO-DEPOSITION : A Practical Treatise on the Electrolysis of Gold, Silver, Copper, Nickel, and other Metals and Alloys. With descrip- tions of Voltaic Batteries, Magnet and Dynamo-Electric Machines, Ther- mopiles, and of the Materials and Processes used in every Department of the Art, and several Chapters on ELECTRO-METALLURGY. By ALEX- ANDER WATT, Author of "Electro-Metallurgy," &c. With numerous Illus- trations. Second Edition, Revised and Corrected. Crown 8vo, gs. cloth. [Just published. " Evidently written by a practical man who has spent a long period of time in electro-plate workshops. The information given respecting the details of workshop manipulation is remarkably complete. . . . Mr. Watt's book will prove of great value to electro-depositors, jewellers, and various other workers in metal." Nature. " Eminently a book for the practical worker in electro-deposition. It contains minute and practical descriptions of methods, processes and materials as actually pursued and used in the workshop. Mr. Watt's book recommends itself to all interested in its subjects." Engineer. Electro-Metallurgy. ELECTRO-MET A LL URGY; Practically Treated. By ALEXANDER WATT, F.R.S.S.A. Eighth Edition, Revised, with Additional Matter and Illustrations, including the most recent Processes. i2mo, 35. 6d. cloth boards. "From this book both amateur and artisan may learn everything necessary for the successful prosecution of electroplating." Iron. Electroplating. ELECTROPLATING : A Practical Handbook. By J. W. URQU- HART, C.E. With numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 55. cloth. " The information given appears to be based on direct personal knowledge. . . .Its science is sound and the style is always clear." Athenceutn. Electrotyping. ELECTROTYPING : The Reproduction and Multiplication of Print- ing Surfaces and Works of Art by the Electro-deposition of Metals. By J. W. URQUHART, C.E. Crown 8vo, 55. cloth. "The book is thoroughly practical. The reader is, therefore, conducted through the leading laws of electricity, then through the metals used by electrotypers, the apparatus, and the depositing processes, up to the final preparation of the work." Art Journal. " We can recommend this treatise, not merely to amateurs, but to those actually engaged in the trade." Chemical News. Goldsmiths' Work. THE GOLDSMITH'S HANDBOOK. By GEORGE E. GEE, Jeweller, &c. Third Edition, considerably Enlarged. izrno, 35. 6d. cloth boards. "A good, sound, technical educator, and will be generally accepted as an authority. It exactly fulfils the purpose intended." Horological Journal. "Will speedily become a standard book which few will care to be without." Jeweller and Metal-worker. Silversmiths' Work. THE SILVERSMITH'S HANDBOOK. By GEORGE E. GEE, Jeweller, &c. Second Edition, Revised, with numerous Illustrations. i2mo, 35. 6d. cloth boards. " The chief merit of the work is its practical character. . . . The workers in the trade will .speedily discover its merits when they sit down to study it." English Mechanic. " This work forms a valuable sequel to the author's 'Goldsmith's Handbook.'" Silversmith* ' Trade Journal. %* The above two works together, strongly half-bound, price 75. Textile Manufacturers' Tables. UNIVERSAL TABLES OF TEXTILE STRUCTURE. For the use of Manufacturers in every branch of Textile Trade. By JOSEPH EDMONDSON. Oblong folio, strongly bound in cloth, price 75. 6d. t&~ The principle on which the tables are founded is well known, and much vsed in the muslin manufacture, but the intricacy of the calculations hitherto required (especially where warp and weft differ in counts and in the closeness of the threads) has prevented its general application. By these tables all the adjustments may be made without calculation. Mere references to the proper places bring out the required information. " Immense labour has been bestowed on the work by the author. The tables are adapted to every mode of numbering yarns and setts, ard apply to all the branches of textile manufacture." Textile Recorder. D 34 CROSBY LOCK WOOD & SON'S CATALOGUE. Horology. A TREATISE ON MODERN HOROLOGY, in Theory and, Prac- tice. Translated from the French of CLAUDIUS SAUNIER, ex-Director of the School ot Horology at Macon, by JULIEN TRIPPLIN, F.R.A.S., Besancon Watch Manufacturer, and EDWARD RIGG, M.A., Assayer in the Royal Mint. With Seventy-eight Woodcuts and Twenty-two Coloured Copper Plates. Second Edition. Super-royal 8vo, 2 zs. cloth, z IDS. half-calf. " There is no horological work in the English language at all to be compared to this produc- tion of M. Saunier's for clearness and completeness. It is alike good as a guide for the student and as a reference for the experienced horologist and skilled workman." Horological Journal. " The latest, the most complete, and the most reliable of those literary productions to which continental watchmakers are indebted for the mechanical superiority over their English brethren in fact, the Book of Books, is M. Saunier's ' Treatise.' " Watchmaker, Jeweller and Silversmith. " This magnificent treatise is one of the most valuable and comprehensive contributions to the literature of horological art and science ever produced, and cannot be too highly commended. It is a perfect cyclopaedia of watch and clockmaking." The. Coventry 11 'atch and Clockmaker. Watchmaking. THE WA TCHMA KER 'S HA NDBOO K. Intended as a Work- shop Companion for those engaged in Watchmaking and the Allied Mechani- cal Arts. Translated from the French of CLAUDIUS SAUNIER, and consider- ably Enlarged by JULIEN TRIPPLIN, F.R.A.S., Vice-President of the Horologi- cal Institute, and EDWARD RIGG, M.A., Assayer in the Royal Mint. With Numerous Woodcuts and Fourteen Copper Plates. Second Edition, Revised. With Appendix. Crown 8vo, gs. cloth. [Just published. " Each part is truly a treatise in itself. The arrangement is good and the \i concise. It is an admirable guide for the young watchmaker." Engineering. ' Each part is truly a treatise in itself. The arrangement is good and the language is clear and ise. It is an admirable guide for the young watchmaker." Engineering. 1 It is impossible to speak too highly of its excellence. It fulfils every requirement in a hand- book intended for the use of a workman. Should be found in every workshop." Watch and Clockmaker. " This book contains an immense number of practical details bearing on the daily occupation of a watchmaker, and it will be found of great use to an army of workers." Watchmaker and Metalworker (Chicago). CHEMICAL MANUFACTURES & COMMERCE, TJie Alkali Trade, Sulphuric Acid, etc. A MANUAL OF THE ALKALI TRADE, including the Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid, Sulphate of Soda, and Bleaching Powder, By JOHN LOMAS, Alkali Manufacturer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne and London. With 232 Illustrations and Working Drawings, and containing 390 pages of Text. Second Edition, with Additions. Super-royal 8vo, i zos. cloth. "This book is written.by a manufacturer for manufacturers. The working details of the most approved forms of apparatus are given, and these are accompanied by no less than 232 wood en- gravings, all of which may be used for the purposes of construction. Every step in the manufac- ture is very fully described in this manual, and each improvement explained." Athentsum. " The author is not one of those clever compilers who, on short notice, will ' read up ' any conceiv- able subject, but a practical man in the best sense 01 the word. We find here not merely a sound and luminous explanation of the chemical principles of the trade, but a notice of numerous matters which have a most important bearing on the successful conduct of alkali works, but which are generally overlooked by even the most experienced technological authors." Chemical Review. Brewing. A HANDBOOK FOR YOUNG BREWERS. By HERBERT EDWARDS WRIGHT, B.A. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. " This little volume, containing such a large amount of good sense in so small a compass, ought to recommend itself to every brewery pupil." Brewers' Guardian. Commercial Chemical Analysis. THE COMMERCIAL HANDBOOK OF CHEMICAL ANA- LYSIS; or, Practical Instructions for the determination ot the Intrinsic or Commercial Value of Substances used in Manufactures, in Trades, and in the Arts. By A. NORMANDY, Editor of Rose's "Treatise on Chemical Analysis." New Edition, to a great extent Re-written by HENRY M. NOAD, Ph.D., F.R.S. With numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, i2s. 6d. cloth. "We strongly recommend this book to our readers as a guide, alike indispensable to the house- wife as to the pharmaceutical practitioner." Medical Times. ' ' Essential to the analysts appointed under the new Act. The most recent results are given, and the work is well edited and carefully written." Nature. AGRICULTURE, FARMING, GARDENING, etc. 35 Dye-Wares and Colours. THE MANUAL OF COLOURS AND DYE- WARES : Their Properties, Applications, Valuation, Impurities, and Sophistications. For the use oT Dyers, Printers, Drysalters, Brokers, &c. By J. W. SLATER. Second Edition, Revised and greatly Enlarged. Crown 8vo, 75. 6d. cloth. "A complete encyclopaedia of the mater ia tinctoria. The information given respecting each article is full and precise, and the methods of determining the value of articles such as these, so liable to sophistication, are given with clearness, and are practical as well as valuable." Chemist and Druggist. " There is no other work which covers precisely the same ground. To students preparing 1 for examinations in dyeing and printing it will prove exceedingly useful." Chemical News, Pigments. THE ARTIST'S MANUAL OF PIGMENTS. Showing their Composition, Conditions of Permanency, Non-Permanency, and Adul- terations; Effects in Combination with Each Other and with Vehicles ; and the most Reliable Tests of Purity. Together with the Science and Arts Department's Examination Questions on Painting. By H. C. STANDAGE. Second Edition, Revised. Small crown 8vo, zs. 6d. cloth. [Just published. " This work is indeed multum-in-parvo, and we can, with good conscience, recommend it to all \vho come in contact with pigments, whether as makers, dealers or users." Chemical Review. "This manual cannot fail to be a very valuable aid to all painters who wish their work to endure and be of a sound character ; it is complete and comprehensive." Spectator. "The author supplies a great deal of very valuable information and memoranda as to the chemical qualities and artistic effect of the principal pigments used by painters." Builder. Gauging. Tables and Rules for Revenue Officers, Brewers, etc. A POCKET BOOK OF MENSURATION AND GAUGING : Containing Tables, Rules and Memoranda for Revenue Officers, Brewer?, Spirit Merchants, &c. By J. B. MANX (Inland Revenue). Oblong i8mo, 45. leather, with elastic band. [Just published. " This handy and useful book is adapted to the requirements of the Inland Revenue Depart- ment, and will be a favourite book of reference. The range of subjects is comprehensive, and the arrangement simple and clear." Civilian. " A most useful book. It should be in the hands of every practical brewer." Brewers' Journal. AGRICULTURE, FARMING, GARDENING, etc. Agricultural Facts and Figures. NOTE-BOOK OF AGRICULTURAL FACTS AND FIGURES FOR FARMERS AND FARM STUDENTS. By PRIMROSE McCoNNELL, Fellow of the Highland and Agricultural Society ; late Professor of Agricul- ture, Glasgow Veterinary College. Third Edition. Royal 32010, full roan, gilt edges, with elastic band, 45. " The most complete and comprehensive Note-book for Farmers and Farm Students that we have seen. It literally teems with information, and we can cordially recommend it to all connected with agriculture." North British Agriculturist. Youatt and Burn's Complete Grazier. THE COMPLETE GRAZIER, and FARMER'S and CATTLE- BREEDER'S ASSISTANT. A Compendium of Husbandry; especially in the departments connected with the Breeding, Rearing, Feeding, and General Management of Stock ; the Management of the Dairy, &c. With Directions for the Culture and Management of Grass Land, of Grain and Root Crops, the Arrangement of Farm Offices, the use of Implements and Machines, and on Draining, Irrigation, Warping, &c. ; and the Application and Relative Value of Manures. By WILLIAM YOUATT, Esq., V.S. Twelfth Edition, En- larged by ROBERT SCOTT BURN, Author of " Outlines of Modern Farming, 1 ' <( Systematic Small Farming," &c. One large 8vo volume, 860 pp., with 244 Illustrations, i is. half-bound. "The standard and text-book with the fanner and grazier." Farmers Magazine. "A treatise which will remain a standard work on the subject as long as British agriculture endures." Mark Lane Express (First Notice). " The book deals with all departments of agriculture, and contains an immense amount of valuable information. It is, in fact, an encyclopaedia of agriculture put into readable form, and it is the only work equally comprehensive brought down to present date. It is excellently printed on thick paper, and strongly bound, and deserves a place in the library of every agriculturist." Mark Lane Express (Second Notice). 36 CROSBY LOCK WOOD & SON'S CATALOGUE. Manufacture) Milling, etc. FLOUR MANUFACTURE: A Treatise on Milling Science and Practice. By FRIEDRICH KICK, Imperial Regierungsrath, Professor of Mechanical Technology in the Imperial German Polytechnic Institute, Prague. Translated from the Second Enlarged and Revised Edition with Supplement. By H. H. P. POWLES, Assoc. Memb. Institution of Civil En- gineers. Nearly 400 pp. Illustrated with 28 Folding Plates, and 167 Wood- cuts. Royal 8vo, 255. cloth. [Just published. "This valuable work is, and will remain, the standard authority on the science of milling'. . The miller who has read and digested this work will have laid the foundation, so to speak, of a suc- cessful career ; he will have acquired a number of general principles which he can proceed to- apply. In this handsome volume we at last have the accepted text-book of modern milling in good, sound English, which has little, if any, trace of the German idiom." The Miller " Professor Kick treats the subject so thoroughly both on its theoretical and practical sides that his work is well suited to be a text-book of technical education anywhere." Scotsman. " The appearance of this celebrated work in English is very opportune, and British millers will, we are sure, not be slow in availing themselves of its pages." Millers' Gazette. Small Farming. SYSTEMATIC SMALL FARMING; or, The Lessons of my Farm. Being an Introduction to Modern Farm Practice for Small Farmers in the Culture of Crops ; The Feeding of Cattle ; The Management of the Dairy, Poultry and Pigs ; The Keeping of Farm Work Records ; The Ensilage System, Construction of Silos, and other Farm Buildings ; The Improve- ment of Neglected Farms, &c. By ROBERT SCOTT BURN, Author of " Out- lines of Landed Estates' Management," and " Outlines of Farm Manage- ment," and Editor of " The Complete Grazier." With numerous Illustrations, crown 8vo, 6s. cloth. "This is the completest book of its class we have seen, and one which every amateur farmer will read with pleasure and accept as a guide." Field. " Mr. Scott Burn's pages are severely practical, and the tone of the practical man is felt throughout. The book can only prove a treasure of aid and suggestion to the small farmer of intelligence and energy." British Quarterly Review, "The volume contains a vast amount of useful information. No branch of farming is left untouched, from the labour to be done to the results achieved." Glasgow Herald. Modern Farming. OUTLINES OF MODERN FARMING. By R. SCOTT BURN. Soils, Manures, and Crops Farming and Farming Economy Cattle, Sheep, and Horses -Management oi the Dairy, Pigs and Poultry Utilisation of Town-Sewage, Irrigation, &c. Sixth Edition. In One Vol., 1,250 pp., half- bound, profusely Illustrated, i2S. " The aim of the author has been to make his work at once comprehensive and trustworthy, and in this aim he has succeeded to a degree which entitles him to much credit." Morning Advertiser. _ "Eminently calculated to enlighten the agricultural community on the varied subjects of which it treats, and hence it should find a place in every farmer's library." City Press. " No farmer should be without this book." Banbitry Guardian. A gricultural Engineerin g. FARM ENGINEERING, THE COMPLETE TEXT-BOOK OF. Comprising Draining and Embanking; Irrigation and Water Supply; Farm Roads, Fences, and Gates ; Farm Buildings, their Arrangement and Con- struction, with Plans and Estimates; Barn Implements and Machines ; Field Implements and Machines; Agricultural Surveying, Levelling, &c. By Prof. JOHN SCOTT, Editor of the Farmers' Gazette, late Professor oi Agriculture and Rural Economy at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, &c. &c. In One Vol., 1,150 pages, half-bound, with over 600 Illustrations, 125. " Written with great care, as well as with knowledge and ability. The author has done his work well ; we have found him a very trustworthy guide wherever we have tested his statements. The volume will be of great value to agricultural students," Mark Lane Express. "For a young agriculturist we know of no handy volume so likely to be more usefully studied." Bell's Weekly Messenger. English Agriculture. THE FIELDS OF GREAT BRITAIN : A Text-Book of Agriculture, adapted to the Syllabus of the Science and Art Department. For Elementary and Advanced Students. By HUGH CLEMENTS (Board of Trade). i8mo, 2S. 6d. cloth. " A most comprehensive volume, giving a mass of information." Agricultural Economist. " It is a long time since we have seen a book which has pleased us more, or which contains a vast and useful fund of knowledge." Ediicational Times. AGRICULTURE, FARMING, GARDENING, etc. 37 Farm and Estate Book-keeping. BOOK-KEEPING FOR FARMERS & ESTATE OWNERS. A Practical Treatise, presenting, in Three Plans, a System adapted to all Classes of Farms. By JOHNSON M. WOODMAN, Chartered Accountant. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. "Will be found of great assistance by those who intend to commence a system of book-keep- ing, the author's examples being clear and explicit, and his explanations, while full and accurate, being to a large extent free from technicalities." Live Stock Journal. Farm Account Book. WOODMAN'S YEARLY FARM ACCOUNT BOOK. Giving a Weekly Labour Account and Diary, and showing the Income and Expen- diture under each Department of Crops, Live Stock, Dairy, &c. &c. With Valuation, Profit and Loss Account, and Balance Sheet at the end of the Year, and an Appendix of Forms. Ruled and Headed for Entering a Com- plete Record of the Farming Operations. By JOHNSON M. WOODMAN, Chartered Accountant, Author of " Book-keeping for Farmers." Folio, 75. 6d. half-bound. "Contains every requisite orm for keeping farm accounts readily and accurately." Agri- culture. Early Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables. THE FORCING GARDEN ; or, How to Grow Early Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables. With Plans, and Estimates for Building Glass- houses, Pits and Frames. Containing also Original Plans for Double Glazing, a New Method of Growing the Gooseberry under Glass, &c. &c. , and on Venti- lation, Protecting Vine Borders, &c. With Illustrations. By SAMUEL WOOD. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. "Mr. Wood's book is an original and exhaustive answer to tne question 'How to Grow Early Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables?' "Land atid Water. Good Gardening* A PLAIN GUIDE TO GOOD GARDENING ; or, How to Grow Vegetables, Fruits, and Flowers. With Practical Notes on Soils, Manures, Seeds, Planting, Laying-out of Gardens and Grounds, &c. By S. WOOD. Third Edition, with considerable Additions, &c., and numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 55. cloth. " A very good book, and one to be highly recommended as a practical guide." Athenaum. " May be recommended to young gardeners, cottagers, and specially to amateurs, for the plain and trustworthy information it gives on common matters." Gardeners' Chronicle. Gainful Gardening. MULTUM-IN-PARVO GARDENING; or, How to make One Acre of Land produce 620 a-year by the Cultivation of Fruits and Vegetables r also, How to Grow Flowers in Three Glass Houses, so as to realise 176 per annum clear Profit. By SAMUEL WOOD, Author of " Good Gardening," &c. Fourth and cheaper Edition, Revised, with Additions. Crown 8vo, is. sewed. "We are bound to recommend it as not only suited to the case of the amateur and gentleman's gardener, but to the market grower." Gardeners' Magazine. Gardening for Ladies. THE LADIES' MULTUM-IN-PARVO FLOWER GARDEN, and Amateurs 1 Complete Guide. With Illustrations. By SAMUEL WOOD. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. "Full of shrewd hints and useful instructions, based a lifetime of experience." Scotsman* Receipts for Gardeners. GARDEN RECEIPTS. Edited by CHARLES W. QUIN. i2mo, is. 6d. cloth limp. "A useful and handy book, containing a good deal of valuable information." Athenawn. ILitchen Gardening. THE KITCHEN A ND MA RKET GA RDEN. By Contributors to "The Garden." Compiled by C. W. SHAW, izmo, 35. 6d. cloth boards. "The most valuable compendium of kitchen and market-garden work published.' Fa rmer Cottage Gardening. COTTAGE GARDENING; or, Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables for Small Gardens. By E. HOBDAY. lamo, is. 6d. cloth limp. "Contains much usefu information at a small charge." Glasgow Herald. 38 CROSBY LOCK WOOD &> SON'S CATALOGUE. ESTATE MANAGEMENT, AUCTIONEERING, LAW, etc. Hudson's Land Valuer's Pocket-Book. THE LAND VALUER'S BEST ASSISTANT: Being Tables on a very much Improved Plan, for Calculating the Value of Estates. With Tables for reducing Scotch, Irish, and Provincial Customary Acres to Statute Measure, &c. By R. HUDSON, C.E. New Edition. Royal 32010, leather, elastic band, 45. "This new edition includes tables for ascertaining; the value of leases for any term of years; and for showing how to lay out plots of ground of certain acres in forms, square, round, &c., _with valuable rules for ascertaining' the probable worth of standing timber to any amount ; and is of incalculable value to the country gentleman and professional man." Farmers' Journal. Ewart's Land Improver's Pocket-Book. THE LAND IMPROVER'S POCKET-BOOK OF FORMULA, TABLES and MEMORANDA required in any Computation relating to the Permanent Improvement of Landed Property. By JOHN EWART, Land Surveyor and Agricultural Engineer. Second Edition, Revised. Royal 32010, oblong, leather, gilt edges, with elastic band, 45. "A compendious and handy little volume." Spectator. Complete Agricultural Surveyor's Pocket-Boole. THE LAND VALUER'S AND LAND IMPROVER'S COM- PLETE POCKET-BOOK. Consisting of the above Two Works bound to- gether. Leather, gilt edges, with strap, 75. 6d. " Hudson's book is the best ready-reckoner on matters relating to the valuation of land and crops, and its combination with Mr. Ewart's work greatly enhances the value and usefulness of the latter-mentioned. . . . It is most useful as a manual for reference." North of E n^iand Partner, Auctioneer's Assistant. THE APPRAISER, AUCTIONEER, BROKER, HOUSE AND ESTATE AGENT AND VALUER'S POCKET ASSISTANT, for the Valua- tion for Purchase, Sale, or Renewal of Leases, Annuities and Reversions, and of property generally; with Prices for Inventories, &c. By JOHN WHEELER, Valuer, &c. Fifth Edition, re-written and greatly extended by C. NORRIS, Surveyor, Valuer, &c. Royal 32010, 55. cloth. " A neat and concise book of reference, containing an admirable and clearly-arranged list of prices for inventories, and a very practical guide to determine the value of furniture,&c." Standard. ' Contains a large quantity of varied and useful information as to the valuation for purchase, sale, or renewal of leases, annuities and reversions, and of property generally, with prices for inventories, and a guide to determine the value of interior fittings and other effects," Builder. Auctioneering. AUCTIONEERS: Their Duties and Liabilities. By ROBERT SQUIBBS, Auctioneer. Demy 8vo, los. 6d. cloth. "The position and duties of auctioneers treated compendiously and clearly." Builder, "Every auctioneer ought to possess a copy of this excellent work." Ironmonger, " Of great value to the profession. . . . We readily welcome this book from the fact that it treats the subject in a manner somewhat new to the profession." Estates Gazette. Legal Guide for Pawnbrokers. THE PAWNBROKERS', FACTORS' AND MERCHANTS' GUIDE TO THE LAW OF LOANS AND PLEDGES. With the Statutes and a Digest of Cases on Rights and Liabilities, Civil and Criminal, as to Loans and Pledges of Goods, Debentures, Mercantile and other Se- curities. By H. C. FOLKARD, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, Author of " The Law of Slander and Libel," &c. With Additions and Corrections to 1876. Fcap. 8vo, 35. 6d, cloth. " This work contains simply everything that requires to be known concerning the department of the law of which it treats. We can safely commend the book as unique and very nearly perfect.' Iron. " The task undertaken by Mr. Folkard has been very satisfactorily performed. . . . Such ex- planations as are needful have been supplied with great clearness and with due regard to brevity. City Press. ESTATE MANAGEMENT, AUCTIONEERING, LAW, etc. 39 How to Invest. HINTS FOR INVESTORS : Being an Explanation of the Mode of Transacting Business on the Stock Exchange. To which are added Com- ments on the Fluctuations and Table of Quarterly Average prices of Consols since 1759. Also a Copy of the London Daily Stock and Share List. By WALTER M. PLAYFORD, Sworn Broker. Crown 8vo, 2s. cloth. "An invaluable guide to investors and speculators." Bullionist, Metropolitan Hating Appeals. REPORTS OF APPEALS HEARD BEFORE THE COURT OF GENERAL ASSESSMENT SESSIONS, from the Year 1871 to 1885 By EDWARD RYDE and ARTHUR LYON RYDE. Fourth Edition, brought down to the Present Date, with an Introduction to the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, and an Appendix by WALTER C. RYDE, of the Inner Temple, Barrister- at-Law. 8vo, i6s. cloth. " A useful work, occupying a place mid-way between a handbook for a lawyer and a guide to the surveyor. It is compiled by a gentleman eminent in his profession as a land agent, whose spe- cialty, it is acknowledged, lies in the direction of assessing property for rating purposes." Land Agents' Record. House Property. HANDBOOK OF HOUSE PROPERTY. A Popular and Practical Guide to the Purchase, Mortgage, Tenancy, and Compulsory Sale of Houses and Land, including the Law of Dilapidations and Fixtures ; with Examples of all kinds of Valuations, Useful Information on Buildings, and Suggestive Elucidations of Fine Art. By E. L. TARBUCK, Architect and Surveyor. Fourth Edition, i2mo, 55. cloth. [Just published. "The advice is thoroughly practical." Law Journal. "This is a well-written and thoughtful work. We commend the work to the careful study of all interested in questions affecting houses and land."La>td Cents' Record (First Notice). "Carefully brought up to date, and much improved by the addition of a division on fine art." Land Agents' Record (Second Notice) Inwood's Estate Tables. TABLES FOR THE PURCHASING OF ESTATES, Freehold, Copyhold, or Leasehold; Annuities, A dvowsons, etc., and for the Renewing of Leases held under Cathedral Churches, Colleges, or other Corporate bodies, for Terms oi Years certain, and for Lives ; also for Valuing Reversionary Estates, Deferred Annuities, Next Presentations, &c. ; together with SMART'S Five Tables of Compound Interest, and an Extension of the same to Lower and Intermediate Rates. By W. INWOOD. 22nd Edition, with considerable Additions, and new and valuable Tables of Logarithms for the more Difficult Computations of the Interest of Money, Discount, Annuities, &c., by M. FEDOR THOMAN, of the Societe Credit Mobilier of Paris. i2mo, 8s. cloth. "Those interested in the purchase and sale of estates, and in the adjustment of compensation cases, as well as in transactions in annuities, life insurances, &c., will find the present edition of eminent service." Engineering. " ' Inwood's Tables ' still maintain a most enviable reputation. The new issue has been enriched by large additional contributions by M. Fedor Thoman, whose carefully arranged Tables cannot fail to be of the utmost utility." Mining Journal, Agricultural and Tenant-Right Valuation. THE AGRICULTURAL AND TENANT-RIGHT-VALUER'S ASSISTANT. A Practical Handbook on Measuring and Estimating the Contents, Weights and Values^of Agricultural Produce and Timber, the Values of Estates and Agricultural Labour, Forms of Tenant-Right-Valua- tions, Scales of Compensation under the Agricultural Holdings Act, 1883, &c. &c. By TOM BRIGHT, Agricultural Surveyor, Author of "The Live Stock of North Devon," &c. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. [Just published. "Full of tables and examples in connection with the valuation of tenant-right, estates, labour contents, and weights of timber, and farm produce of all kinds. The book is well calculated to assist the valuer in the discharge of his duty." Agricultural Gazette. " An eminently practical handbook, full of practical tables and data of undoubted interest and value to surveyors and auctioneers in preparing valuations ot all kinds." Farmer. " Shows at a glance the value of land, crops, and the cost of seeding, harvesting, &c. &c. It is a really practical and useful handbook, for which we anticipate a very large sa\Q." Reading- Mercury. 40 CROSBY LOCK WOOD &> SON'S CATALOGUE. A Complete Epitome of the Laws of this Country. EVERY MAN'S OWN LAWYER: A Handy-book of the Principles of Law and Equity. By A BARRISTER. Twenty-fifth Edition. Reconstructed, Thoroughly Revised, and much Enlarged. Brought down to the end of last Session, and including careful Digests of Coroners Act, 1887 ; Probation of First Offenders Act, 1887; Margarine Act, 1887; Agricultural Holdings (England) Act, 1883 ; Cottage Gardens (Compensation for Crops) Act, 1887; Bankruptcy Act, 1883; Allotments Act, 1887; Merchandise Trade Marks Act, 1887; Truck Amendment Act, 1887; Water Companies (Regulation of Powers) A ct, 1887 ; Registration of Deeds of Arrangements Act, 1887. Crown 8vo, 684 pp., price 6s. 8d. (saved at every consultation 1), strongly bound in cloth. [Just published. V THE BOOK WILL BE FOUND TO COMPRISE (AMONGST OTHER MATTER) THE RIGHTS AND WRONGS OF INDIVIDUALS MERCANTILE AND COMMERCIAL LAW PARTNERSHIPS, CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS GUARANTEES, PRINCIPALS AND AGENTS CRIMINAL LAW PARISH LAW COUNTY COURT LAW GAME AND FISHERY LAWS POOR MEN'S LAWSUITS LAWS OF BANKRUPTCY WAGERS CHEQUES, BILLS AND NOTES COPYRIGHT ELECTIONS AND REGISTRATION INSURANCE LIBEL AND SLANDER MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE MERCHANT SHIPPING MORTGAGES SETTLE- MENTS STOCK EXCHANGE PRACTICE TRADE MARKS AND PATENTS TRESPASS NUI- SANCES TRANSFER OF LAND WILLS, &c. &c. Also LAW FOR LANDLORD AND TENANT MASTER AND SERVANT HEIRS DEVISEES AND LEGATEES HUSBAND AND WIFE- EXECUTORS AND TRUSTEES GUARDIAN AND WARD -MARRIED WOMEN AND INFANTS LENDER, BORROWER AND SURETIES DEBTOR AND CREDITOR PURCHASER AND VENDOR COMPANIES FRIENDLY SOCIETIES CLERGYMEN CHURCHWARDENS MEDI- CAL PRACTITIONERS BANKERS FARMERS-CONTRACTORS STOCK BROKERS SPORTS- MEN GAMEKEEPERS FARRIERS-HORSE DEALERS AUCTIONEERS HOUSE AGENTS- INNKEEPERS -BAKERS MILLERS PAWNBROKERS SURVEYORS RAILWAYS AND CAR- RIERSCONSTABLESSEAMENSOLDIERS, &c. &c. 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"It is a complete code of English Law, written in plain language, which all can understand. . . . Should be in the hands of every business man, and all who wish to abolish lawyers' bills." "A useful and concise epitome of the law, compiled with considerable care. Law Magazine. " A concise, cheap and complete epitome of the English law. So plainly written that he who runs may read, and he who reads may understand.' 1 Figaro. " A dictionary of legal facts well put together. The book is a very useful one." Spectator. " A work which has long been wanted, which is thoroughly well done, and which we most cordially recommend. 'Sunday Times. Private Bill Legislation and Provisional Orders. HANDBOOK FOR THE USE OF SOLICITORS AND EN- GINEERS Engaged in Promoting Private Acts of Parliament and Provi- sional Orders, for the Authorization of Railways, Tramways, Works for the Supply of Gas and Water, and other undertakings of a like character. By L. LIVINGSTON MACASSEY, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law, and Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers; Author of " Hints on Water Supply." Deiny 8vo, 950 pp., price 255. cloth. \Just published. " The volume is a desideratum on a subject which can be only acquired by practical experi- ence, and the order of procedure in Private Bill Legislation and Provisional Orders is followed. The author's suggestions and notes will be found of great value to engineers and others profession- ally engaged in this class of practice." Building Neivs. " The author's double experience as an engineer and barrister has eminently qualified him for the task, and enabled him to approach the subject alike from an engineering and legal point of view. The volume will be found a great help both to engineers and lawyers engaged in promoting Pi ivate Acts of Parliament and Provisional Orders." Local Government Chronicle. J. OGDEN AND CO. LIMITED, PRINTERS, GREAT SAFFRON HILL, B.C. LONDON, 1862, THE PRIZE MEDAL Was awarded to the Publishers of "WEALE'S SERIES." A NEW LIST OF WEALE'S SERIES RUDIMENTARY SCIENTIFICjEDUCATIONAL, AND CLASSICAL. Comprising nearly Three Hundred and Fifty distinct -works in almost every department of Science, Art, and Education, recommended to the notice of Engineers, Architects, Builders, Artisans, and Students generally, as well as to those interested in Workmen's Libraries, Literary and Scientific Institutions, Colleges, Schools, Science Classes, &>c., IS" " WEALE'S SERIES includes Text-Books on almost every branch of Science and Industry, comprising such subjects as Agriculture, Architecture and Building, Civil Engineering, Fine Arts, Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering, Physical and Chemical Science, and many miscellaneous Treatises. The whole are constantly undergoing revision, and new editions, brought up to the latest discoveries in scientific research, are constantly issued. The prices at which they are sold are as low as their excellence is assured." American Literary Gazette. " Amongst the literature of technical education, WEALE'S SERIES has ever enjoyed a high reputation, and the additions being made by Messrs. CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON render the series even more complete, and bring the infor- mation upon the several subjects down to the present time." Mining Journal. " It is not too much to say that no books have ever proved more popular with, or more useful to, young engineers and others than the excellent treatises comprised in WEALE'S SERIES." Engineer. "The excellence of WEALE'S SERIES is now so well appreciated, that it would be wasting our space to enlarge upon their general usefulness and value." Builder. " WEALE'S SERIES has become a standard as well as an unrivalled collection of treatises in all branches of art and science." Public Opinion. PHILADELPHIA, 1876, THE PRIZE MEDAL Was awarded to the Publishers for Books : Rudimentary, Scientific, "WEALE'S SERIES," ETC. CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON, 7, STATIONERS' HALL COURT, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.G. S RUDIMENTARY SERIES. WF\LE'S RUDIMENTARY SCIENTIFIC SERIES. *** The volumes of this Series are freely Illustrated with Woodcuts, or otherwise, where requisite. Throughout the fol- lowing List it must be understood that the books are bound in limp cloth, unless otherwise stated ; but the volumes marked imth a \ may also be had strongly bound in cloth boards for 6d. extra. N.B. In ordering from this List it is recommended, as a means of facilitating business and obviating error, to quote tiif numbers affixed to the volumes, as well as the titles and prices. CIVIL ENGINEERING, SURVEYING, ETC. No. 31. WELLS AND WELL-SINKING. By JOHN GEO. SWINDELL, A.R.I.B.A., and G. R. BURNKLL, C.E. Revised Edition. With a New Appendix on the Qualities of Water. Illustrated. 2S. 35. 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