•s r i;jbj THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA fpartment of Water Resources RECREATION APPENDIX to BULLETIN No. 76 DELTA WATER FACILITIES Preliminary Edition "^OP.NiA AUGUST 1962 EDMUND G. BROWN Governor State of California WILLIAM E. WARNE Adminisfrator The Resources Agency of California and Director Department of Wafer Resources state of California THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA Department of Wa ter Resources RECREATION APPENDIX to BULLETIN No. 76 DELTA WATER FACILITIES ona i Preliminary Editiori-ml STATEMENT OF CLARIFICATION This preliminary edition presents a comparison of alternotive solutions to the Delto problems. This bulletin shows that the Single Purpose Delta Water Project is the essentiol minimum project for successful operotion of the State Water Facilities. This bulletin also presents, for local considerotion, optionol modifica- tions of the Single Purpose Delta Water Project which would provide additional local benefits. The evaluation of project accomplishments, benefit-cost ratios, nd costs of project services, ore intended only to indicate the ve merits of these solutions and should not be considered in of absolute volues. Benefits related to recreation are evaluated for comparative purposes. Detailed recreation studies, presently in progress, will indicate specific recreation benefits. Subsequent to local review and public hearings on this pre- liminory edition, a final edition will be prepored setting forth an adopted plan. The adopted plon will include, in addition to the essential minimum facilities, those justifioble optional modifications requested by local entities. AUGUST 1962 EDMUND G. BROWN Governor State of California .... ,Y V OF CALlfo.v.vi^ OAViS WILLIAM E. WARNE Administrator The Resources Agency of California and Director Department of Woter Resources TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ix CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 Authorization 1 Purpose 2 Area of Investigation 2 Conduct of Study 3 CHAPTER II. PRESENT RECREATION USE 5 Interviews 5 Traffic Survey 5 Existing Facilities J Demand for Increased Recreational Facilities l8 Beaches l8 Launching Facilities I9 Berthing Facilities I9 Fueling Facilities 20 Campgrounds and Overnight Accommodations 20 Picnic Areas 21 Road Access 21 Parking 22 Grocery Stores 22 Remote Areas 23 Wilderness Protection 23 Magnitude and Seasonal Distribution of Recreation Use 24 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS Units of Measurement 24 Adjustment of Data Obtained from Questionnaires 25 Recreational Use by Component 26 Component 1. Boats Berthed at Delta Resorts and Yacht Clubs 26 Component 2. Boats Launched in the Delta 27 Component 3« Boats Rented in the Delta 28 Component k. Boats Berthed at Private Docks in the Delta 28 Component 5« Boats Berthed in the Bay Area 30 Component 6. Boats Berthed in the Sacrsimento Area ... oq Component 7. Shore Fishing 21 Component 8. Hiinting 22 Summary of Recreational Use by Component 32 Recreational Use by Activity and Season 00 Fishing -^i^ Cruising og Water. Skiing 05 Hunting 29 Waterfowl 39 Pheasant 39 Miscellaneous Hunting kl Other Activities k2 Sailing 1^2 Swimming 24.2 IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Residence of Recreationists Using the Delta Area k2 Concentration of Recreational Use k6 Fishing k6 Cruising U7 Water Skiing 48 Conflicts Associated with Recreational Interests k& CHAPTER III. FUTURE DELTA RECREATION 5I Population ^1 Age Distribution 52 Psychological Need for Outdoor Recreation 52 Increased Leisure Time ^ . . . 52 Facility of Access 53 Competitive Recreational Areas 53 Estimated Recreational Demand 54 CHAPTER IV. EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE DELTA WATER FAdLITIES ON DELTA RECREATION 57 Chipps Island Barrier Project 57 Single Purpose Delta Water Project 59 Typical Alternative Delta Water Project 62 Comprehensive Delta Water Project 65 Summiry of Project Effects on Recreation 65 TABLES Table No « page 1 Summary of Delta Recreation Accommodations 5 2 Inventory of Recreational Facilities, Delta Area i960 10 3 Demand for Recreational Facilities ]_5 k Size of Boating Parties 5 Siunmary of Use, Boats Berthed at Delta Resorts and Yacht Clubs 25 27 6 Summary of Use, Boats Launched in the Delta 27 7 Summary of Use, Boats Rented in the Delta 28 8 Summary of Use, Boats Berthed at Private Docks in the Delta 29 9 Summary of Use, Boats Berthed in the Bay Area .... 30 10 Summary of Use, Boats Berthed in the Sacramento Area . 31 11 Summary of Use, Shore Fishing 3]_ 12 Summary of Use, Hunting 32 13 Present Recreational Use By Component 33 1^+ Distribution of Annual Fishing Activity 3c 15 Distribution of Annual Cruising Activity 3Y 16 Distribution of Annual Water Skiing Activity -dq 17 Cooperative Pheasant Hunting Areas in the Delta, 1959 i+i 18 Distribution of Hunting in the Delta During I96O ... i^-^ 19 Annual Distribution of Primary Activities ^4.3 20 Residences of Delta Recreationists 4^ 21 Projected Population and Delta Recreational Demand, 1960-2020 55 22 Summary of Project Effects on Recreation gy vi PLATES (Plates follow page 65 ) Plate No . 1 Area of Investigation 2 Recreation Survey Check Stations 3 Recreation Survey Questionnaire h Delta Recreational Facilities 5 Delta Roads and Travel Times 6 Seasonal Distribution of Present Recreational Activity in the Delta Area 7 Areas of Origin, Delta Recreationists 8 Present Concentration of Boat Fishing in the Delta Area 9 Present Concentration of Cruising in the Delta Area 10 Present Concentration of Water Skiing in the Delta Area 11 Chipps Island Barrier Project 12 Single Purpose Delta Water Project 13 Typical Alternative Delta Water Project lU Comprehensive Delta Water Project vii FOREWORD This appendix to Bulletin No. 76, "Delta Water Facilities," presents the data and analyses basic to the studies supporting the conclusions appearing in Bulletin No. 76. The data and analyses pre- sented in this appendix were collected and analyzed prior to the publication of Bulletin No. 76 and were considered as they relate to general recreational planning concepts. This appendix, therefore, is not to be considered a detailed blueprint for futiire recreational development. Bulletin No. 76 is a preliminary report designed to assist local agencies and individuals in evaluating ways in which Delta problems can be solved within the framework of a Delta water project. Therefore, all conclusions presented in this appendix should also be considered preliminary. Since the publication of Bulletin No. 76, the Department of Water Resources has initiated a more comprehensive recreational study in the Delta. In addition, the department is financing a Delta Fish and Wildlife Protection Study which is being conducted by the state Depart- ment of Fish and Game. Both of these studies are designed to augment past studies. Following local review and public hearings on Bulletin No. 76, a final report will be issued which will incorporate local suggestions and such newer technical information as might develop from continuing studies. IX CHAPTER I.. INTRODUCTION The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is located within two hours driving time from the greater San Francisco Bay area and is in the back yard of the growing metropolitan centers of Sacramento, Stockton, and the Pittsburg-Antioch area. As yet it has not been characterized by the suburban sprawl so typical of many areas of our State. The cities of Antioch and Stockton are growing both industrially and residentially, but as yet do not encroach upon the Delta lowlands. One of the Delta's greatest attractions to the recreationist is the chance to enjoy its great expanse of waterways. With the growing significance of recreation, the Delta has developed into one of California's major recreation areas. In i960 nearly 3)000,000 recreation-days were enjoyed in this boating wonderland. The Delta has two distinct and important features which draw visitors from all areas of California and the nation. One of these is the striped bass fishery and the other is the extensive labyrinth of inter- connected navigable waterways. The Delta provides one of the largest bodies of protected cruising waters in the western United States and a temperate climate permits year-round usage. Authorization The studies presented in this report were conducted pursuant to the Abshire-Kelly Salinity Control Barrier Acts of 1955 and 1957, - 1 - under the general obligation to study all aspects of water supply and utilization in the Delta. Specific language pertaining to the need for recreational development in the Delta was contained in the Abshire-Kelly Act of 1959, codified as Part 4.5, Chapter I, 12201 of the California Water Code. This section states that: "The Legislature finds that the maintenance of an adequate water supply in the Delta sufficient to maintain and expand. . .recreational development in the Delta area ...is necessary to the peace, health, safety and welfare of the people of the State...." Purpose The purpose of this appendix is to assist other state and local agencies charged with recreational planning to formulate a master plan for Delta recreational facilities. Data is presented on present use of and demand for recreational facilities in the Delta with projections of future use and demand. Each of the alternative Delta water projects presented in Bulletin No. 76 will have a marked influence on the rec- reational potential of the Delta. The influence of these alternative water projects is discussed in this report. Area of Investigation The portion of the Delta with which this study was concerned was limited to the area which will be directly affected by construction of any one of the Delta water facilities, and the portion generally used by recreationists. These limits are shown on Plate 1, "Area of Investi- gation." - 2 Conduct of Study The Department of Water Resources contracted with Parsons, Brinckerhoff , Hall, and Macdonald, Engineers, to investigate and report upon recreation in the Delta area. Their report, entitled, "Sacramento- San Joaquin Delta, Master Plan for Recreation" was published in i958« This report includes resort information, ferry and bridge tender data, a questionnaire survey, population studies, aerial boat counts in 1957 ai^cL 1958, and summaries of conferences with state, county, and municipal organizations. To supplement and update the 1958 report, data were gathered in the spring and suimner of I96O. This included extensive information from resorts concerning present use and a comprehensive traffic-questionnaire survey. Current population projections were also made. Liaison was maintained with governmental agencies engaged in related studies. - 3 CHAPTER II. PRESENT RECREATION USE This chapter contains data pertinent to present recreation in the Delta. Units of measurement of recreational activities, types of activities, residences of recreationists, areas of intensive use, and the conflict between various recreational interests, are discussed. Recreation in the Delta may be grouped into two categories, water-borne and shore-based. Water-borne recreation includes fishing, cruising, water skiing, and sailing. Shore-based recreation includes fishing, picnicking, swimming, camping, and hunting. Fishing leads all other recreation activities, accounting for about 66 percent of the rec- reational activity in the Delta. The operation of pleasure boats accounts for about 21 percent of the recreational activity and the remaining 13 percent can be divided between the other activities listed above. Interviews Available published information was supplemented by interviews with resort owners, boat operators, and Delta residents. Detailed information on the number of boat rentals, frequency of boat launchings, size of rental boat fleets, type and number of berths available, and the weekly movements of boats using berthing facilities were gathered during these interviews. General information concerning recreational use, its changing pattern, and probable future trends was also obtained. Traffic Survey One objective of this investigation was to find the annual sum of all recreation activities within the Delta, measured in recreation-days. - 5 - Since direct measurement was not possible a questionnaire was sent to a random group of Delta recreationists. In order to provide a group of names and addresses, a traffic survey was made on Memorial Day, i960. Memorial Day (May 30) traditionally opens the summer recreation period from June through August. In i960 the day fell on Monday, the last day of a three -day weekend. Personnel were located at 11 check points within the Delta where they recorded automobile license plate numbers and time, to the nearest quarter hour. This survey continued from one-half hour before sunrise to an hour before sunset. These locations are shown on Plate 2, "Rec- reation Survey Check Stations." At three of the check points only "in" traffic was recorded. No locations were picked where it was felt that the recreation traffic would predominate and other types of traffic would be at a minimum. License plate numbers of parked cars were recorded at about two-hour intervals. The areas where this was done are also shown on Plate 2. The combination of continuous check points and periodic checks of parking areas assured almost complete coverage of the Delta recreational area. To eliminate duplication of license plate numbers the inbound and outbound records were compared, except for the three stations at which inbound traffic only was recorded. It was assumed that any vehicle remaining in the Delta less than two hours would not be considered to be carrying recreationists. After elimination of the through traffic, the seimple comprised 5,800 license numbers of private vehicles. Neunes and addresses of 50 percent of the registered owners of vehicles which had remained in the Delta in excess of 2 hours were obtained from the Department of Motor Vehicles. Questionnaires were sent to these owners. The questionnaire, map, and Letter of transmittal sent to these vehicle owners are shown on Plate 3, "Recreation Survey Questionnaire." More than 21 percent of the questionnaires were returned. Replies indicated that only 6 percent of the 5,800 vehicles were utilized for purposes other than recreation. The information obtained from the replies form a large part of the basic information upon which the patterns of present annual use of the Delta recreational area are predicted. The questionnaire provided information on the residence of the recreationists, the average nvmiber in each group, the nioraber and seasonal distribution of the days spent in water skiing, bank fishing, boat fishing, and pleasure cruising. The survey also disclosed the portions of the Delta used for various recreational activities and competing areas of recreation frequented by the recreationist. Comments were requested and the numerous replies clearly indicated that most recreationists have care- fully considered recreational needs in the Delta. Existing Facilities As of the date of this study 123 facilities provided a wide variety of services to Delta recreationists. Prior to the recent boom in boating most of these centered around the berthing and renting of fishing boats. However, during recent years, with the increase in individually owned boats, there has been a change in type of service sought by the recreationist. Increased revenues have spurred the development of modern marinas, better launching facilities, fueling docks, dining establishments, and overnight accommodations. Many of the resort owners are constructing covered berthing spaces rather than open docks. Since 1958 there has been a net gain of 11 facilities, bringing the total to 123 • During the years I956-I96O the number of public berths available for rent jumped from 4,038 to 4,985. This figure, coupled with 228 private berths, brought the total in i960 to 5^213. During the same period resort owners trimmed their rental boat fleets from l,68l to 1,503 boats. Most of the facilities in the Delta are privately owned businesses which cater to the general public. There are four municipally owned launching ramps and two California state parks. There are ih private clubs; 6 of them consist of a marina and clubhouse for the members; the other 8 are located on small, remote islands, generally accessible by boat only, on which members have constructed picnic areas and campgrounds. All of the public use facilities have shoreline frontage and cater to the boating public. Most of them provide berth rentals for individually owned craft and some offer boats for rent. Launching facil- ities are available in most areas, although they are not evenly distributed and are in relatively short supply. Service docks for gas, oil, and minor repairs are fairly well dispersed. Nearly all resorts have visitor floats and lunch counters. Overnight facilities, especially cabins and motels, are not in sufficient supply to meet present peak demands. Two locations have oiled airstrips suitable for light planes. A few of the resorts have "planned" trailer parks, camping facilities, and picnic grounds, complete with sanitary facilities. However, most of the resorts have undeveloped lands upon which they allow the general public to picnic and in many instances to camp. These undeveloped areas are not included in the summary of accommodations shown in Table 1. A more detailed inventory 8 - by individual facilities is presented in Table 2. Plate h "Delta Recreational Facilities," shows the location of the facilities identified by nimibers in Table 2. Table 1 SUMMARY OF DELTA RECREATION ACCOMMODATIONS Facilities Number Public Facilities Resorts 101 Mvinicipal ramps h Municipal Marinas 2 State parks 2 Total 109 Private Clubs ik TOTAL FACILITIES 123 CO M < O M O o Eh S I < O P CO c •H ^ c5 CJ ^^ (U r-H ^ •H tn a) aJ s^ p, E- "T^ Qi C § ^ 3 o O ?H bO .. .. 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EH tJ ft g 3 o o u tc ■ • • • o •H oS c §§ J o o bO c s tH o c o •H t, Q .. .. «; t. d) C -H ,-t •H 05 Xi U p. as 0) (D r-t S >H •H CD ■ • •• > (0 r-l X Q) V V3 3 O (U [^ T) •H ■P •H (0 f-t - •H >H -P V O al a) V o b •H r-l to tM •H > CQ 50 C c ^H 4) M O 0) (x< « ■^ — X J- CVJ ooooooox ooooooox ooooooox ooooooox xxooxoox oooooooo ooooooox ooooooxx xxxoxxxx OJ ooooooox OOJOOO-*u^O-* CVJ r-5 .-I r-l r OJ OJ oojoi^r--=i-OLrN r-l VO OD l/\\£)t^COO\Or-IC\JOO r-ln-lr-lr-lr-ICVJOJC\JCVJ r-lr-lr-lr-lr-lr-lr-lr-lr-l ^ o\ o\ t^ o J- O LTN 0) m D 0) ■p o 0) •H > r^ •H ^ u P Ph Ph OJ 00 m OJ OJ J- LfN C\J CO o c vo c^ > o c ^ 3 in CO r-l -* G i) e p. o r-l o m m d) o o > u^ ir\ 0) •v •\ Ti r^ r-l > Q) S CO L/N on CVJ CO r-4 CVJ ON -4- CVJ ON - 17 Demand for Increased Recreational Facilities Questionnaires returned indicated that most Delta recreationists feel that present facilities are inadequate. Table 3 shows the percentage of respondents, weighted for the percentage of respondents in each category, and the type of recreation expansion or intensification which they feel should have the highest priority. In many cases respondents indicated more than one item should have the "highest" priority. Many of the replies contained comments. These are discussed in the following, under the item to which they pertain. Table 3 DEMAND FOR RECREATIONAL FACILITIES Questionnaire respondents Percent of respondents indicating facilities which would be most useful : Launching : Camp- : Picnic :Access: Parking: Beaches: facilities: grounds:areas : roads : areas :Berths Owners of boats 60 26 23 38 19 11 berthed in Delta Owners of boats 7^^ 80 58 ^3 36 26 launched in Delta Users of boats 50 32 37 26 28 9 rented in Delta Bank fishermen 37 22 kk k-J 53 kk PERCENT OF TOTAL RESPONDENTS 62 ^7 kl 38 30 19 28 15 Beaches Beaches are very scarce in the Delta. As they are the focal point around which the day's activities are frequently centered they are 18 the most demanded item by all boaters. There are many sites within the Delta that couLd be developed as beaches. Sloping, tule-covered lanci along some channels aJTford a fine potential for developing sandy beaches. Launching Facilities Launching facilities are in high demand by fishermen, water skiers, and pleasure boaters. The State Wildlife Conservation Board is presently constructing a number of ramps throughout the State under its Inland Fishing Access Program. One has been completed on the Sacramento River near Clarksburg. This board is also constructing launching facilities at Luis Park in Stockton, as part of the city's aquatic park development. Additional ramps will probably be constructed by various municipal and county authorities, as were the Antioch boat ramp and the City of Stockton's ramp at Buckley Cove. At the time of this study there were over a dozen resort owners who were planning to construct or expand launching facilities along their levee frontages. Berthing Facilities The demand for berthing spaces exceeds the supply during the summer months. Berths in the Delta are full 95 percent of the year. Many marinas have waiting lists, and newly constructed berths are generally rented months before their completion. There has been a rapid growth in the number of berths in recent years, particularly covered berths, and resort owners are just beginning to gain ground on the demand generated by the current boom in boating. While a very large portion of the boats moored in the Delta are smaller fishing boats and runabouts, owners of large power cruisers have the greatest need for berthing facilities. Some marinas cater exclusively to one type of user; others, to a combination - 19 - of types. Rental of covered berths is more costly, but still in heavy demand as the warm Delta climate requires extensive upkeep for boats unprotected from the sun. Fueling Facilities With 68 gas docks available to the general public within the Delta, and these fairly well dispersed, the large cruisers can generally find adequate fueling points. However, as outboard motors consume large quantities of gas, and generally have little fuel storage capacity, a problem exists for those who use such motors. A better distribution of fueling facilities would alleviate this problem. Campgrounds and Overnight Accommodations Campgrounds and overnight facilities are limited in the Delta. Some resorts have developed campgrounds and trailer parks, but accommo- dations often consist merely of vacant areas on the landward side of the levee where guests can pitch a tent or park a house trailer. Wooded cover is usually at a premium. Usually in most recreational areas camping facilities have been left to public development. With the increase in numbers of privately owned boats, summer activity within the Delta area has greatly increased. Investment in recreational facilities consequently has received enormous incentive. Several resorts are expanding their camping facilities and planting trees for additional shaded areas. Some public development is taking place, as at Brannan Island State Park and Franks Tract State Park. Motels and cabins are at a premium within the Delta and during the peak of the striper runs and the height of the summer advance reser- vations are usually required. First class motel units are being built - 20 - at a number of places and several more are contemplated. Although a large portion of their use is by residents of the Bay area, they have guests from all over the State, with the number of visitors from Southern Cali- fornia increasing yearly. Picnic Areas The need for picnic areas was frequently expressed in the questionnaire survey. These facilities are often developed in conjunction with campgrounds, as overnight and day-use areas are generally not separated. Tables, barbeque pits, water, and sanitary facilities are needed for both. Therefore, as public campgrounds are developed, picnic areas may be pro- vided simultaneously. There is a demand for at least minimal picnic accommodations almost everywhere. Some resort owners have made informal provisions, in most cases merely a few benches and tables. Road Access Because of the many miles of interconnected channels, road access in the Delta is extremely limited. Reference to Plate 5j "Delta Roads and Travel Times," will show the extent of the network of improved roads. Though not shown on Plate 5j there are, in addition, many miles of dirt roads in the area. Most of these are primarily for farm use and levee maintenance, with a major portion of them closed to the public. For this reason, although nearly every island is surrounded by a levee road, a large portion of the Delta is inaccessible to the recreationist by auto- mobile. This is especially true along the San Joaquin River and in the southern half of the Delta. 21 The roads open to the public are generally narrow and frequently in poor condition due to the high cost of road maintenance on peat soils. On summer weekends and during the height of the fishing season, wherever there is a concentration of activity, traffic moves slowly over these roads. This condition is aggravated by delays caused by slow -moving ferries which are still utilized at many channel crossings. Severe strain on the existing road network will be increased as recreational use of the Delta increases. Parking Lack of sufficient parking areas is a problem in the Delta. The increasing number of boats being towed into the Delta aggravates parking problems, as considerable space is required for maneuvering and parking. Available unimproved properties adjoining the levee on the land side are frequently utilized by resort owners for parking, as construction of paved parking areas and access ramps is most expensive. There is seldom room to provide any extensive parking along the levee road itself. Any development of launching sites should give serious consideration to adequate parking facilities. Adequate parking for the bank fisherman is extremely limited. Possible fishing areas for shore fishermen are limited by the lack of road access and parking facilities. Grocery Stores These are in demand by both campers and those who cruise extensively and have sleeping and cooking accommodations aboard their 2? - boats. Campers can purchase their groceries at nearby towns without too much inconvenience, but many desire a minimum stock of staples on the premises of their resort headquarters. In time, as profit incentives in- crease, resort owners will most likely cater to this need. Those who cjruise the Delta waterways have indicated a need for grocery outlets located near most dockage facilities. Remote Areas With the rise of interest in pleasure boating and water skiing, there is a growing demand for the development of remote areas accessible only by water. In the past such developments have been undertaken primarily by private boat clubs. The increased demand has prompted county agencies to become interested in the matter. The purchase of Franks Tract by the Division of Beaches and Parks makes available an ideal location for future developments of this type. Wilderness Protection A frequent request on the returned questionnaire was one stressing the importance of protecting portions of the Delta from commercial encroach- ment and limiting the removal of levee vegetation. Many people would even like to see future development held to the present level. There is an almost universal appeal to preserve the solitude and enchantment of remote areas such as "the Meadows" at the confluence of Snodgrass Slough and the Mokelurane River. Any overall recreational planning in the Delta should minimize the destruction of natural vegetation along the waterways. - 23 - Magnitude and Seasonal Distribution of Recreational Use Having determined the recreational facilities presently avail- able in the Delta, and qualitative demand for increased facilities, it was necessary to correlate existing facilities with present use. Usage fluctuates from season to season, week to week, and day to day, depending upon a complex of factors such as weather, water and air temperatures, holidays, vacations, fishing and hunting seasons, the personal or family economic situation of recreationists, and many others. Units of Measurement The unit used to measure the magnitude of recreational use is the recreation-day. A recreation-day is defined as a portion or all of one day's activity spent by a single recreationist in the pursuit of any type of recreation. More than one recreational activity may be enjoyed by the recreationist in conjunction with his primary recreational use of the Delta area. For example, water skiers often engage in swimming, picnicking, or CEunping. In this study the magnitude of recreational use is determined for the primary activity of the recreationist, and such use is considered to include secondary recreation. The concept of a boat -day is similarly defined as the use of one boat for a portion or all of one day used in the pursuit of any type of recreation. Knowing the size of the average boating party, it is a simple matter to convert boat-days to recreation-days. The average number of persons in a boating party was determined from the questionnaire sui^ey and is tabulated by component and primary recreational activity in Table k. 2k Table h SIZE OF BOATING PARTIES Item : Persons per party Berthed Boats Fishing parties 3*26 Cruising and/or skiing parties 3*55 Launched Boats Fishing parties U.82 Cruising and/or water skiing parties 5'1'+ Rental Boat Parties 3-1^ Adjustment of Data Obtained From Questionnaires Within the Delta area the recreation centered around boats is primarily spent in fishing, cruising, or water skiing. The sample of fishermen was not completely representative as it is known from data collected by the Department of Fish and Game that fishing is at its lowest point during the summer period. Although the survey does not include a completely representative sample for establishing the seasonal pattern of fishing, it is believed that the replies did adequately determine the relative use for fishing, water skiing, and cruising for a summer period. The determination of the appropriate seasonal pattern for fishing activity was obtained by a subtractive process. The total recreational use for certain items was determined for each season of the year from available data. The total summer use was then apportioned to each primary activity in accordance with the relative use for fishing, cruising, and water skiing as determined by the questionnaire survey. Once the magnitude of water skiing and 25 - cruising for the svunmer was determined, their seasonal distribution was obtained from the data in the returned questionnaires. Subtracting the magnitude of use for water skiing and cruising from the total use by recreationists in each season of the year gives the magnitude and seasonal distribution of fishing use. The magnitude and distribution of the fishing use determined by this subtractive method closely agrees with the known patterns of fishing activity in the Delta area. Recreational Use by Component After studying the data collected, the following eight components of recreational use were selected for detailed analyses: (l) boats berthed at Delta resorts and yacht clubs; (2) boats launched in the Delta; (3) boats rented in the Delta; (k) boats berthed at private docks in the Delta; (5) boats berthed in the Bay area; (6) boats berthed in the Sacramento area; (7) shore fishing; and (8) hunting. The method for determining recreational use for each component is described in the following pages. Component 1. Boats Berthed at Delta Resorts and Yacht Clubs. Data on public resorts and private clubs show that there are 5j213 berths available for rental in the Delta. It was determined that the berths are occupied 95 percent of the entire year. Data from the questionnaire sur- vey indicated that boats classified under this component had an average annual use of 53- 7 days. Multiplying 5,213 by 95 percent by 53 -7 yields a total of 266,000 boat-days for this component. Utilizing the method described under adjustment of data obtained from questionnaires, the 266,000 boat-days were distributed between fishing, water skiing and water cruising by season. By using the size of boating party, as pre- viously Bet forth, and summarizing, a total of 900,000 user-days was 26 - found to be attributable to this component. Table 5 summarizes this com- ponent . Table 5 SUMM/SiRY OF USE, BOATS BERTHED AT DELTA RESORTS AND YACHT CLUBS ( Recreat ion-days ) Activity : Spring : : (Mar -May) : Summer (June -Aug) : Fall (Sept -Nov) : Winter : (Dec -Feb) ! Total Boat fishing Cruising Water Skiing 150,000 75,000 14,000 68, 000 121,000 U3,000 160,000 71,000 18,000 134,000 46,000 512,000 313,000 75,000 TOTAL 239,000 232,000 2if9,000 180,000 900,000 Component 2. Boat s Launched in the Delta. The total seasonal use and distribution for this component were obtained from the data collected from resort owners. The total amounts to 113,000 boat-days. The same process utilized for Component 1 was utilized to obtain the seasonal dis- tribution and magnitude of recreation-days for this component. This is summarized in Table 6. Table 6 SUMMARY OF USE, BOATS LAUNCHED IN THE DELTA ( Recreat ion-days ) Activity : Spring : : (■ Mar -May) ; ; Summer ; (June -Aug) ; : Fall : (Sept -Nov) ; : Winter : : (Dec -Feb) : Total Boat fishing Cruising Water skiing 115, 500 10,000 26,000 34,000 23,000 97,500 128,000 13,000 38,500 62,500 5,000 5,000 340,000 51,000 167,000 TOTAL 151,500 154,500 179, 500 72,500 558,000 27 - Component 3- Boats Rented in the Delta. The total seasonal use of rental boats was obtained from the owners of these boats. An annual use of approximately 88,000 boat -days was reported. In the 1958 report a detailed schedule of the seasonal distribution of rental boat usage is set forth; this schedule was utilized to distribute the total annual use. As virtually all rental boats are utilized for fishing, the average fishing party size was used to obtain the recreation-day for this component, as shown in Table 7» Table 7 SUMMARY OF USE, BOATS RENTED IN THE DELTA ( Rec reat ion-days ) : Spring : Summer : Fall : Winter : m + i Activity . (Mar-May) : (June-Aug) : (Sept-Nov) : (Dec-Feb) : ^°^^^ Boat fishing 9^,000 22,000 103,000 57,000 276,000 Cruising Water skiing TOTAL 9U,000 22,000 103,000 57,000 276,000 Component k. Boats Berthed at Private Docks in the Delta. Included in this component were all the boats owned by local landowners and berthed at docks located on their own property. At a hearing conducted by the Assembly Interim Committee on the Sacramento and San Joaquin Delta, held in Martinez on June 17, I96O, information was presented indicating that ^4-65 privately owned boats were docked at private docks on Bethel Island, Holland Tract, Palm Tract, Veale Tract, and Orwood Tract. Comparison of this area with the remainder of the Delta area, considering the relative - 28 intensity of private docking facilities, indicated there are approximately 800 boats berthed in the entire Delta that can be classified within this component. From the questionnaires it was determined that for boats berthed at Delta resorts and yacht clubs, Component 1, an average annual use of 53*7 days was indicated. It appeared reasonable to assume that the incidence of use for boats included in Component k was somewhat higher, and 60 days was selected as the probable average annual use for this com- ponent. Inasmuch as the nximber of boats and the average annual use was estimated, the size of the boating party was assumed to be 3«5 persons per party rather than using the specific values shown in Table h. Reference to Table h shows that the size of boating parties for different categories ranges from 3«1^ to 5-1^ persons per party. The computation of total recreation-days for this component was found by multiplying 8OO boats times 60 days average annual use per boat times 3*5 persons per boating party, giving a total of 168,000 recreation-days. The proportion engaged in specific activities and the seasonal distribution of their use was assumed to be identical to that utilized for Component 1. Table 8, which follows, summarizes the data for Component h. Table 8 SUMMARY OF USE, BOATS BERTHED AT PRIVATE DOCKS IN THE DELTA (Recreation-days) Activity : Spring : : (Mar -May) : ; Summer : (June -Aug) : : Fall : (Sept -Nov) ; Winter : : (Dec -Feb) : Total Boat fishing 29,000 13,000 31,000 26,000 99,000 Cruising 13,000 22,000 13,000 8,000 56,000 Water skiing 2,500 7,500 3,000 13,000 TOTAL kk, 500 k2, 500 47,000 34,000 168,000 - 29 - Component 3« Boats Berthed in the Bay Area. From intervievs with Delta resort owners and others familiar with the extent of recreational activity within the Delta area it was estimated that the recreational activity classified in this component would be equal to 15 percent of the boat-days found for Component 1. From these inte]~views It was determined that most of the boats in this component would be large power cruisers and sailboats used chiefly in cruising throughout the Delta area. To estimate recreation-days for this component a boating party of h persons was selected as appropriate. The estimates for total annual use and the seasonal distribution for this component appear in Table 9» Table 9 SUMMARY OF USE, BOATS BERTHED IN THE BAY AREA ( Recreation-days ) : Spring : Summer : Fall : Winter : m . -. Activity . (Mar-May) : (June-Aug) ; (Sept-Nov) ; (Pec-Feb) : ^°^^^ Boat fishing 6,000 1, ,000 7. ,000 2,000 16, ,000 Cruising 30,000 80, ,000 30; ,000 4,000 Ikk, ,000 Water skiing TOTAL 36,000 81, ,000 37. ,000 6,000 160, ,000 Component 6. Boats Berthed in the Sacramento Area. This com- ponent includes the boats berthed at resorts along the Sacramento River upstream from Courtland and extending to the Sacramento Weir. From data obtained by interviewing resort owners it was determined that there were 1,025 boats berthed in this area. These same resort owners provided 30 estimates of the extent and type of recreational use of these boats. Table 10 summarizes the magnitude and seasonal distribution of these estimates. Table 10 SUMMARY OF USE, BOATS BERTHED IN THE SACRAMENTO AREA (Recreation-days) : Spring : Summer : Fall : Winter Activity . (Mar-May) : (June-Aug) : (Sept-Nov) : (Dec-Feb) Total Boat fishing Cruising Water skiing 1,000 6,000 i8, 000 1,500 6,000 500 1,000 -3,000 31,000 TOTAL 7,000 18,000 7,500 1,500 34,000 Compone int 7. Shore Fishing. The estimated amount of shore fishing in the summer period was determined by applying the ratio of shore fishermen to boat fishermen developed from the replies to the questionnaire survey. The ratio between shore fishing and boat fishing for the other seasons was based upon surveys conducted in 19^9 by Cope and Erkkelan of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the results of which were published in California Fish and Game Quarterly of January 1952. The resulting use and seasonal distribution are included in Table 11 below. Table 11 SUMMARY OF USE, SHORE FISHING ( Rec reat ion-days ) Activity Spring : Summer : Fall : Winter (Mar-May) : (June-Aug) : (Sept-Nov) : (Dec-Feb) Total Shore fishing 186,000 56,000 203,000 133,000 578,000 31 In the light of information obtained from discussions with game wardens and members of the Sacramento and San Joaquin County River Patrols, and a resort owner with many years of residence in the Delta area, it is believed that these ratios between shore and boat fishermen are somewhat low for present conditions. It is recommended that additional surveys be made in the future to determine a more current estimate of the amount of shore fishing. Component 8. Hunting. The magnitude and the seasonal distribution of hunting is tabulated in Table 12. The discussion of the development of these estimates is included in the discussion of recreational use by activity and season which appears later in the text. The Department of Fish and Game supplied most of the data utilized in developing the estimates for hunting. Table 12 SUMMARY OF USE, HUNTING (Recreation-days) Activity : Spring (Mar -May) : Summer : (June -Aug) : : Fall : : (Sept-Nov) : Winter : (Dec -Feb) : Total Hunting 77,000 29,000 106, 000 Summary of Recreational Use, by Component. In Table 13, which follows, a summary of the total Delta recreational use, by component, is presented. 32 - Table 13 PRESENT RECREATIONAL USE BY COMPONENT ( Rec re at ion -day s ) Com- : : Spring : Summer : Fall : Winter : Total ponent: Definition : (Mar-May) : (June-Aug) : (Sept-Nov) : (Pec-Feb) : 1 Boats berthed at 239,000 232,000 2^9,000 l80,000 900,000 Delta resorts and yacht clubs 2 Boats launched in the Delta 151,500 15^+, 500 179, 500 72,500 558,000 3 Boats rented in the Delta 9^,000 22,000 103,000 57,000 276,000 k Boats berthed at private docks in the Delta kk, 500 J+2,500 i+7,000 3^,000 168,000 5 Boats berthed in the Bay area 36,000 81,000 37,000 6,000 160,000 6 Boats berthed in the Sacramento area 7,000 18,000 7,500 1,500 3^,000 7 Shore fishing 186,000 56,000 203,000 133,000 578, 000 8 Hunting TOTAL — 77,000 29,000 106,000 758,000 606,000 903,000 513,000 2,780,000 Recreational Use by Activity and Season Prior to the recent boom in pleasure boating the seasonal pattern of recreational use within the Delta was considerably different from that of today. The summer and winter periods had relatively little use. Presently, however, the current annual recreational use of the Delta, of 2,780,000 recreation-days, is distributed quite evenly throughout the year. Plate 6, "Seasonal Distrioution of Present Recreational Activity in the 33 Delta Area" depicts the seasonal distribution of the four most popular recreational activities in the Delta — fishing, cruising, water skiing, and hunting. Fishing Fishing is the predominate recreation activity within the Delta area. Sorveys conducted by the Department of Fish and Gams show that 10 percent of all the fishing in California occurs within the Delta area. The Delta fishery includes both anadromous and resident species of fish. Anadromous fish are species which spend a portion of their life cycle in the ocean, but migrate into fresh or brackish water to spawn. The spawning migration, which brings these fish into the Delta area, pro- vides the opportunity for the heavy fishing activity recorded. Striped bass, shad, salmon, and steelhead are represented in this fishery. Most of the fishing in the Delta is for striped bass; not as much effort is expended fishing for the other species. During the autumn migration the striped bass move into the brackish and fresh-water channels where they remain during the winter. With rising temperatures in the spring the fish utilize the Delta waterways to spawn. After spawning they eventually migrate downstream to continue the portion of their life cycle spent in salt water. The peak periods for striped bass fishing occur during the spring and fall months. Bait fishing from anchored boats has proved to be the most productive method for taking striped bass. Bait fishing from the shore is usually less productive, but nevertheless attracts a large number of anglers each year. Currently tne majority of the boat fishing is done from privately owned boats. 3^- Catfish is by far the most important resident fish and attracts most of the summer fishermen. Over 50 percent of the annual catch consists of white catfish. The catfish fishery begins in February or March of each year and reaches a peak during the summer months and declines in December. Black bass constitute a lesser fishery and are taken throughout the Delta in the smaller, fresh -water sloughs. Bluegill and crappie are also taken but do not constitute an intensive fishery. Table ih summarizes the annual fishing activity in the Delta. Table 1^+ DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL FISHING ACTIVITY (Recreation-days) Boat Fishing Spring : Summer : Fall : (Mar-May) : ( June-Aug) : (Sept-Nov) ; Winter : (Dec -Feb): "^otal Boats berthed at Delta resorts and yacht clubs Boats launched in Delta Boats rented in Delta Boats berthed at private docks in the Delta Boats berthed in the Bay area Boats berthed in the Sacramento area Total Boat Fishing Shore fishing GRAND TOTAL FISHING 150,000 68,000 6,000 1,000 1,000 160,000 134,000 512,000 115,500 a'+jOoo 128,000 9^,000 22,000 103,000 29,000 13,000 31,000 7,000 1,500 395,500 138,000 i+30,500 186,000 56,000 203,000 62,500 3^0,000 57,000 276,000 26,000 99,000 2,000 16,000 500 3,000 282,000 1,246,000 133,000 578,000 581,500 194,000 633,500 1+15,000 1,824,000 The figures shown for shore fishing were derived as explained in the pre- ceding discussion of recreational use by components. 35 Cruising Cruising is the second most important boating activity in the Delta, though far behind fishing. Almost every type of boat is utilized for cruising, ranging from large cruisers to small runabouts. Frequently cruising is in conjunction with other water sports, part of the day being spent in cruising and part in water skiing or fishing. While the range and speed of today's boats allow an extensive coverage of the waterways in a normal outing, the preferred pattern of activity usually includes a quiet anchorage at some secluded area. The majority of the cruising in the Delta occurs during the extended summer season, which reaches its peak during July and August. Cruising continues through the winter, although during this season it is at its lowest point. Large cruisers, complete with sleeping, cooking, and sanitary facilities, can cruise the Delta channels even during inclement weather. The majority of cruising is done by people who berth their boats in the Delta, although a substantial portion is done from boats berthed in the Bay area. Table 15 summarizes cruising activity. Water Skiing Although a recent development in water sports, water skiing has already become immensely popular. Even though this sport requires a good deal of stamina and coordination, it is enjoyed today by thousands of people, young and old. The family group is a very typical part of the water skiing picture. Water skiing is largely a seasonal activity, being closely associated with comfortable summer air and water temperatures. - 36 Table 15 DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL CRUISING ACTIVITY ( Rec reat ion-days ) : Spring : Svunmer : Fall : Winter : Cruising Activity : (Mar-May) : (June-Aug) : (Sept-Nov) : (Dec-Feb) : '^°^^^ Boats berthed at Delta 75,000 121,000 71,000 i+6,000 313,000 resorts and yacht clubs Boats launched in Delta 10,000 23,000 13,000 5,000 51,000 Boats rented in the Delta -— --- Boats berthed at private 13,000 22,000 13,000 8,000 56,000 docks in the Delta Boats berthed in Bay Boats berthed in the Sacramento area area 30,000 6,000 80,000 18,000 30,000 6,000 i^,000 1,000 144,000 31,000 TOTAL CRUISING 131^,000 264,000 133,000 6i+,ooo 595,000 Water skiing is tied directly to the current boom in boat sales and outboard motors. One of the basic needs of this sport is a boat capable of maintaining about 20 knots. Many boats with inboard motors are in use, but the outboard motor and the boat with molded fibreglass hull are the most popular combination for towing water skiers. The availability of areas of suitable water surface is a prime consideration for water skiing. Good skiing areas should provide beaches, ample room to operate high speed boats, be relatively wind-free, and be free of barely submerged objects and floating debris. Most of the water skiing is done from boats launched in the Delta. These high-powered boats consume vast quantities of fuel and cannot be far from a source of supply for very long. The water skiers 37 have a greater demand for beaches than any other recreational group, for usually they have no accommodations aboard their boats, nor room to carry the entire party comfortably at one time. Nearly all the water skiing in the Delta is done from mid-spring to mid-fall with a sharp increase in the summer. Despite the fact that many skiers are beginning to use protective rubber suits, water skiing is still negligible during the winter season. Two-thirds of the skiers tow their own boats to the Delta and utilize the available launching facilities. The seasonal use by water skiers is tabulated in Table l6. Table l6 DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL WATER SKIING ACTIVITY (Recreation-days) : Spring : Summer : Fall : Winter : Water Skiing : (Mar -May) : (June -Aug) : (Sept -Nov) : (Dec-Feb) : Total From boats berthed at Delta resorts and yacht clubs 14,000 U3,000 18,000 From boats launched in the Delta 26,000 97, 500 38, 500 75,000 5,000 167,000 From boats rented in Delta From boats berthed at private dbcks in the Delta 2,500 7,500 3,000 -— 13,000 From boats berthed in the Bay area --- From boats berthed in the Sacramento area TOTAL WATER SKIING i+2,500 148,000 59,500 5,000 255,000 38 - Hunting Waterfowl and pheasant are the most popular game hunted in the Delta. The waterfowl season generally runs from October to January. The pheasant season is usually during the latter half of November. Pheasant hunting is usually at a maximum during the first few days of the hunting season. In contrast, waterfowl hunting is comparatively steady throughout the season. Waterfowl . There are l60 waterfowl shooting clubs known to exist within the study area. Members of these clubs shoot 2 or 3 days a week or about 35 days out of a 93-day season. Analysis of unpublished gun club data for the Delta show that an average of six people belong to a club and the same average number of persons, including guests, participate in a regular day's shoot. A shooting day in the Delta would involve about ^60 shooters, or a seasonal use of 33,600 recreation-days. Waterfowl shooting is not confined to private clubs. It is difficult to measure the hunting on private lands within the study area by the unattached hunter. State conservation officials give what they consider a conservative estimate of 20,000 hunter-days expended by the unattached waterfowl hiinters in the study area during 1959* This figure was used in this report for I96O. The total waterfowl hunting effort for the study area for I96O is given as: (l) 33,600 recreation-days for hunting clubs; (2) 20,000 rec- reation-days for unattached hunters; for a total of 53,600 recreation-days. Pheasant. Virtually all good pheasant hunting is found on private lands. The only exceptions are the state and federal waterfowl 39 management areas where pheasant hunting is allowed. Good pheasant popu- lations are confined to areas where agricultural practices are conducive to providing pheasant habitat and food. Those public lands having pheasant populations are adjacent to private agricultural lands or they have certain agricultural practices carried on as part of game management programs. The hunting effort on state supervised hunting cooperatives is a matter of record. It is considerably more difficult to ascertain hunting effort in other areas. Pheasant hunting cooperatives are on private lands which the Department of Fish and Game supervises during the hunting season. There were five such cooperatives during 1959 a.nd 196O. In 195^, nearly 190,000 acres under cooperative management were available to the sportsmen in the State, but there has been a steady de- cline in the amount of land available for this purpose. By 1959 only 96,000 acres remained in the cooperatives. Reasons for the decline are nxomerous. The most important factor is that landowners are becoming more and more aware of the possibilities of supplementing their income through the sale of hunting and trespass privileges to the growing number of private hunting clubs. As the number of acres under control of private hunting clubs has increased, there has been a corresponding decrease in the acreage available for cooperative hunting areas. Hunting on cooperative areas during 1959 totaled approximately 21,000 user-days as shown in Table 17. At present, state conservation officials are unable to give an exact figure of pheasant hunting in the areas outside the state-controlled cooperative hunting areas. A conservative estimate has been given as 21,000 recreation-days, the saae as that of the cooperatives. ko TABLE 17 COOPERATIVE PHEASANT HUNTING AREAS IN THE DELTA, I959 Cooperative Area : Acres : Hunter-days Sherman Island 8,U28 5,036 Twitchell Island 5,879 3,759 Ryer Island 13,800 i^,659 Tyler Island 7,036 3,503 Staten Island 9,200 3,836 TOTAL i^^,3'+3 20,793 Miscellaneous Hunting . From statewide hunting patterns it was surmised that dove, quail, and rabbit hunting comprised about 10,000 hunter- days annually, distributed equally over the span of hunting seasons. Table I8 summarizes hunting in the Delta. TABLE 18 DISTRIBUTION OF HUNTING IN THE DELTA DURING I96O Type ': (S, Fall ept.-Nov.) : Winter : : (Dec . -Feb . ) : Total Waterfowl Clubs Unattached Total 18,000 12,000 30,000 16,000 8,000 2l+,000 3^^,000 20,000 51^,000 Pheasant State Unattached Total 21,000 21,000 1+2,000 21,000 21,000 42,000 Miscellaneous (Doves, quail, rabbits, TOTAL etc.) 5,000 5,000 10,000 GRAND 77,000 29,000 106,000 .1^1- other Activities Sailing and swimming are popular sports but cannot be con- sidered as primary activities in the Delta. Sailing . Sailing comprises less than 2 percent of the boating in the Delta, therefore, it was included with cruising in this study. Nevertheless, it is an important aspect of the recreation picture. Sailboats frequenting the Delta waters are of all sizes from small boats restricted to quieter waters to sailing yachts capable of transocean cruising. Most of the small boat sailing is concentrated in the San Joaquin River near Stockton. A limited amount of small boat sailing is done in sloughs throughout the Delta and near the towns of Rio Vista and Antioch. The draft of the sailboats requires them to utilize much deeper water than power cruisers of a similar size. This restricts large sailboats to the main channels and major sloughs. Swimming . There are a limited number of beaches suitable for swimming in the Delta. Those few which exist are fairly small, and heavily utilized. Few of the resorts have beaches. Most of the swimming in the Delta is done from boats. Swimming is seldom a primary objective of people coming to the Delta, but if more beaches were available, it might become a primary activity. Table 19 shows the annual distribution of primary activities in percentages of annual use. Residence of Recreationists using the Delta Area While the Delta attracts visitors from the entire State and has some national attraction, over 90 percent of the recreationsts are U2 ON r-l a) +> o H +J c r-t q; PL, ^ ^ ^, ^ 0) 0) +J fc. C 1 •H O rx (D Q +> G H (U <»-, OJ t) O -P u O 9) +> (X, " ^ > o r-l z r-l 1 cd +J fc P- 0) 3 -P c r-l (D tH Oj t) O -P h O a; -P Ph " ^ M Vi 3 $ < 1 (U 3 C en 3 3 ■p c r-) (U ^ C cd •>-< S t^ 1 iX u en cd X, >= -p •H > •H -P C < ^ (d s •H Vl CL, Q O Q o o Q O Q o o O o o o o •\ ■V •s *s ^ LTN ir\ VO 8 (M ON Lf^ O CO LTN OJ r-l t~- en OJ c ^ -* ^ 3 U o C\J C\J o o o o o o o 8 o o o o LPv -4 d LTN as OJ C\J no CM on CM m o O o o o o o o o i[\ o LfN o o •^ •V ^ •l -^ PO ro C7\ f- en on en LfN c- o VD r-\ ON CO LfN o O O 1 O o o O 1 O o o O 1 o •\ ^ ■V J- ^ 03 VO On -* O ,-1 CM r-l VO CM no CM CM c- o r^ O O O 8 O 1 O 1 IS\ 1 i-i CO LTN J-" m r-l cm" J- C I^ a; -p OS bO C •H 3 CM 0\ CM CM CM O O o CO r-l M od ID •H U -P O -H <>H > •H r-l -P a) O -p Cd o Eh h3 residents of the eight surrounding counties. The residences of Delta recreationists were taken from the data obtained from the I96O Memorial Day traffic survey. Table 20 sets forth the residential areas and the percentage of total annual use by residents of each area. Plate 7, "Areas of Origin, Delta Recreationists," shows the present and estimated future number of recreation-days expended in the Delta for the areas shown in Table 20. Two factors play an important part in whether or not recreation- ists select the Delta area. One is the proximity of residence to the Delta area and the other is the availability of nearby alternative rec- reational areas. The residents of the North Bay area of Marin, Solano, and Napa Counties use the Delta area much less than residents of San Francisco and San Mateo Counties. The residents of the peninsula are more frequently visitors to the Delta, as alternative recreational sites are not so readily accessible. Residents of the North Bay area can choose Clear Lake, Monticello Reservoir, Lake Mendocino, the Napa River, the Russian River, Bodega Bay, or Toraales Bay as alternatives for recreational use. Recreationists from other parts of the State represent a small fraction of the overall use, partly because of distance and no doubt in part due to the availability of alternative recreational areas. Although there is consistent weekday recreation use of the Delta, most of the use occurs during the weekends. Statistics from Brannan Island State Park and resort owners clearly show this pattern. The week- day recreationist is usually a resident of one of the nearby population centers. Residents of San Joaquin and Contra Costa Counties constitute almost half of the total users of the Delta area. kk TABLE 20 RESIDENCES OF DELTA RECREATIONISTS : Percent of present Area of residence : annual recreational use San Joaquin County 27.2 Contra Costa County 21.8 Alameda County 17.4 Sacramento County 10. 7 San Francisco and San Mateo (peninsula) 6.5 Santa Clara County 5'9 Solano County 2.8 Subtotal 92 . 3 All other areas 7.7 TOTAL 100.0 The selection of Courtland as the northern boundary of the Delta recreation area excluded the intensive use of the Delta by residents of the Sacramento area, who use the Sacramento River for cruising, water skiing, and fishing. The residents of the Pittsburg-Antioch area account for half of the entire use of the Delta by all residents of Contra Costa County. Over half of the recreational use of the Delta by Solano County residents comes from residents of the Rio Vista area. -h5 - Concentration of Recreational Use Recreational use of the Delta for each of the primary activities varies from place to place as well as from time to time. However, each activity tends to concentrate in certain areas. Plate 8, "Present Con- centrations of Boat Fishing in the Delta Area," Plate 9> "Present Concen- trations of Cruising in the Delta Area," and Plate 10, "Present Concentrations of Water Skiing in the Delta Area," show the concentrations for use of fishing, cruising, and water skiing. The width of the channels are scaled to show the intensity of use in average annual recreation-days per mile of channel or slough. Areas of intensive use for brief periods of time are not indicated. The distribution of use within the Delta area was based on the data obtained from the i960 questionnaire survey. The distribution for water skiing was obtained from aerial boat counts made on 12 different days during 1958* Fishing The concentration of fishing is dependent upon two factors: (1) the presence of fish to be caught, and (2) ease in reaching points near the fish concentrations. Fishing is concentrated along the lower Saxiramento and San Joaquin Rivers, and the channels and sloughs siirrounding Franks Tract. The northern area of the Delta has a greater concentration of fishing activity than the more southerly areas. Concentrations result primarily from the pursuit of striped bass. Fishing on some of the more outlying sloughs would undoubtedly be increased if access to such areas was made easier. - k6 Cruising While nearly all Delta channels are open to shallow-draft vessels, even the larger cruisers can use hundreds of miles of channels. Cruising activity tends to concentrate on the San Joaquin River and adjacent sloughs. South of the San Joaquin River, where the channels become less accessible and facilities more scattered, there is a decrease in intensity of use. Extensive use is made of the channels around Bethel Island and Franks Tract, the lower portions of Old and Middle Rivers, and all the connecting sloughs. North of the San Joaquin the cruising is spread fairly evenly over the channels which converge on the "Meadows area" north of Walnut Grove. The "Meadows area" is a veritable wilderness accessible by boat only, and is the most popular anchorage in the Delta. Other favorite anchorage areas are at the head of Steamboat Slough, the sloughs around Lower Sherman Lake, Potato Slough, and among the many little islands that dot the main channel of the San Joaquin and Old Rivers. At present, many large boats entering the Delta from the north by way of the Sacramento River reach the San Joaquin River by way of Threemile Slough. Smaller boats can traverse the cross-canal at Walnut Grove to the Mokelumne River during the summer season for more direct transit to the central Delta. In the winter season, however, the regula- tory gates of the cross-canal are generally closed. When the cross -canal gates are closed Georgiana Slough is used by a great many boats. Most boats entering the Delta from the Bay area enter via the San Joaquin River and disperse from there. Some, however, proceed up the Sacramento River, bound for the upper end of Steamboat Slough. 47- Water Skiing Those who water ski seek locations of sufficient size, protected from heavy winds, free from obstructions, close to fueling and launching facilities, and if possible, close to beaches. Favored areas are the protected waters of Old and Middle Rivers, especially around Orwood Tract, the San Joaquin River from Stockton to Venice Island, the sloughs around Franks Tract, Snodgrass Slough, Potato Slough, Mayberry Slough, and Grant- Line Canal. The southern portion of the Delta offers a fine potential for further development of water skiing. The waters are well protected, and there is less conflict with fishermen. However, lack of road access and lack of sufficient launching and fueling facilities keep the use of these areas relatively low. Conflicts Associated with Recreational Interests Recreational use can conflict with other uses of land and water and certain recreational activities compete with each other. Both of these cases occur within the Delta area. One of the conflicts is that which occurs between the recreational user and the landowners within the Delta region. The shore fisherman desires to drive as close as possible to his fishing spot. Boat owners wish to launch their boats fairly close to the area selected for their activity. Some landowners, however, restrict the use of levee roads to recreationists during certain seasons, while others completely deny their use to recreationists. Such restrictions undoubtedly contribute to the i+8 shortage of launching facilities and other sein/-ices in certain areas of the Delta. The conflict between fishermen, water skiers, and those who cruise the Delta waterways is growing. Fishermen, at times, interfere with the free movement of water skiers. At times fishing boats also impede the movement of those cruising the waterways, and make navigation by commercial boats extremely difficult. High speed boats interfere with fishermen and sometimes endanger smaller boats by their wakes. Waves caused by high wakes can also do extensive damage to levee banks, docking facilities, and moored boats. High speed runabouts and cabin cruisers also interfere with the use of certain channel reaches by water skiers. Heavy boat traffic can cause severe problems to the water skier who must maintain a fairly high speed. At times, areas favored for anchorages become quite congested and boat movements become difficult. Water skiers pose problems for both fishermen and for those cruising the Delta. High speeds close to anchored boats can create serious disturbances and wave^wash along the shore can be a nuisance to the bank fishermen. A solution to the problem of conflicting interests among water- associated recreation activities would be waterway zoning. Wherever new lakes or reservoirs are being developed, and recreation planning is in- volved, some form of zoning is generally considered by the agencies responsible for administration and regulation of the recreational areas. Adoption of zoning regulations usually provides a maximum development of ks- the site and helps to offer more enjoyment to the recreationist. Zoning can be accomplished by any one of several methods or by a combination thereof. There are three basic types of zoning: (l) by activity, (2) by speed, and (3) by time. Zoning by activity simply means setting aside certain areas for specific use such as fishing, water skiing, and swimming or anchorage. By comparing concentrations of recreational activities, as shown on Plates 8, 9j and 10, it appears that certain areas are now utilized pri- marily for one major type of recreational activity. Places such as these afford excellent opportunities for zoning by activity. The second general type of zoning is by speed. This is a veiy flexible type of zoning and can accomplish many purposes. Speed is held generally to five miles an hour in and around docks and swimming beaches. Other areas have speed limits of ten to twenty miles-per-hour, which is suitable for all general forms of pleasure boating. High speed use could be restricted to areas where excessive speed will not cause damage or create a nuisance. Zoning can also be done by time. Such times may be seasonal, daily, or hourly. 50 - CHAPTER III. FUTURE DELTA RECREATION Recreational use of an area is governed by the relative attractiveness or suitability of its environment for recreational utility as compared to alternative areas, and the psychological factors that motivate a need for recreation within the general public. The effect of the more significant elements in predicting future recreational use are discussed in the succeeding pages. The technique selected for estimates of future recreational use and the resulting recreational demand are presented in the concluding section of this chapter. ■ Population It is estimated that 90 percent of the recreational use of the Delta is by residents of the eight surrounding counties. A projection of future recreational use is closely related to estimated future population of these counties. California's population growth has been and is growing very rapidly. Future predictions of growth indicate that the present state population of 15,830,000 persons will increase to 28,200,000 per- sons by 1980 and to 56,000,000 by the year 2020. In the eight-county area contiguous to the Delta, the present population is i4-,035;000« It was estimated that this will increase to 6,860,000 by I98O and to 13,300,000 by 2020. This population increase will undoubtedly provide a continuing increase in the n\wiber of Delta recreationists. 51 Age Distribution Each type of recreation appeals primarily to those within a certain age group. Recreational activities in the Delta run the gamut, however, from semiactive bank fishing to very active water skiing. Althoiigh the percentage of young persons within the California population is rising, and is expected to continue to rise during the next 20 years. It is not expected that this age distribution shift will have an appre- ciable effect on the per capita rate of total recreational activity within the Delta. As individuals grow older their recreational interests will tend to change from active to semiactive to seraisedentary activities but they might still seek their recreation within the Delta area. Psychological Need for Outdoor Recreation The pressure of today's urban living has created a great need for more outdoor recreation, with an attendant demand for the development of necessary facilities. As the pace of living has quickened, people have become more aware of the benefits to be derived from outdoor recrea- tion and its place in a balanced and well-adjusted life. Increased Leisure Time Present trends indicate that a shorter work -week, a shorter work-day, and longer periods of paid vacations can reasonably be expected for a large portion of California's future population. A shorter work- day will allow recreationists to seek more frequent recreational activity. Longer weekends and extended vacations will provide opportunities to visit distant areas. The possibility of increased time for travelling to and 52 - from a recreational area will make more areas available to the recreationist. The opportunity for nearby residents of the Delta to go further afield may be compensated for by those coming to the Delta from remote parts of the State and nation. Facility of Access The probable intensity of future recreational use of the Delta depends to some degree on the ease of reaching the Delta and the availa- bility of suitable access roads within the Delta itself. Current highway development plans are such that general access to the Delta region will progressively improve. Freeways and new routings will make the Delta, along with other parts of California, more readily available to the motoring public. Any access improvements within the Delta proper will simplify reaching areas which are now isolated. Competitive Recreational Areas Returns from the I96O questionnaire show that the major areas competing with the Delta are nearby lakes and other recreational areas. Folsom, Nimbus, and Monticello Reservoirs provide considerable competi- tion to the Delta area. Water sports and fishing are quite popular in each of these man-made lakes. Suisun and San Francisco Bays and the shoreline of the Pacific Ocean are also areas of recreational appeal. The Russian River, the Napa River, and Clear Leike are existing attractions which compete for recreationlsts from the surrounding area. Future rec- reation sites will probably be developed and expanded at all of these 53 areas, as well as at other locations. However, it is believed this will cause no significant change in the per capita rate of Delta recreation. Estimated Recreational Demand Future recreational demand was estimated using the assumption that the rate of participation by residents of the areas presently sup- plying the Delta recreationists would remain constant. The projected population of an area, at some future date, multiplied by the per capita rate of recreational use per year, gives the future annual recreation- days or recreational demand. Recreational demand was computed for I98O) 2000, and 2020, and tabulated as shown in Table 21. The predicted demands for recreation are shown on Plate 7» - 54 o cu o cu I C\J c a CO 3 O -p § o cm +J TJ c O C 0) Vi OJ ti o o o S t( OJ 0) 0) TZf a. V c t:) o o c 4) -H W (h -p >■ cS cS 0) C 0) tj o OJ o Q •H ^H 'l OJ ; Popula ; tion I c xi V o c (1) -H to 03 03 (V c i) n o Q ■H ti o o 1 OJ ; Popula ; tion 1 a •n V o c a; tH to a 03 01 +J Q. 03 a) M 03 -P (U 3 0) to -H v< u >, a O r-A O 0) tS 0) (d 1 CM CM CM O 0\ LfN s VO OJ o m Ol ^ r-l CO on o CJ\ o CM 00 LfN on LTN t~- o LfN tfN ITN o OJ LfN r-l J- ON CM CVJ • • en • • • • • • r-l • on on r4 CM O u O c 03 r-l o CO > m c to r-l OS O W O > (m to O C ■H +J r-l 10 r-l 0) O S O ITN VO O o VO cm" o o ON m o o J- o on CM LfN| CM ITN C3N t~- c •H (1) +> (U 03 tl +> 0) CO JZ > 01 OJ X! to -p rH o o CO co m o o o VO LfN m CO to 0) LfN o 0) (-1 to o3 to u o -d P- CO P.+J 3 03 O O ^1 -H (30 -d u^l G o -p 03 r-l 3 -d o 0) p. ^^ 0> o G O •H +J OS r-i 3 ft o p. to o O 03 r-l > o VO 0) ON II +^ '-^ _. 03 03 -p >>+> to ^^ 03 tw G CJN P. 03 o +> -H f-i 3 r-l 0) O 0) P< E p. w o >> (h e 03 c •rl O ^ ja "T 1' BOULOIN 1 / 1 (^ tl'"'" Ij ",'" ^f^ t^ \..^ ^=^===1 -. — a- , EMPIRE 14 ^^*'-I ■ life |S^*NO_ 1 F,..«S !L % lMfTr<.#^ ^^^^^^ MAJOR MlCHWATS ^^_B IMPROVED HOADS PARKED CARS CHECKED EVEBT TWO HOURS AT VICINITY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNia DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH RMENTfl nrnnnr -^%, RECREATION SURVEY CHECK STATIONS APRIL 1962 SCALE IN MILES r — iLSt£ STATE OF C Sppartinpnl nf fflatrr SreourrrB Dear Reci atlonl; We arc presently condustlng detailed studies In the Delta whl;h Involve plans Tor recreation development. These studies are being conducted to determine the raost benericlol plan to conserve water, provide flood and seepage control, salinity control, and Im- provG highway raclllties, as well as recreation developnent. In conjunction with the recreaiion studies, we nade a traffic aurvey a key locations on hlghwaya In the Delta on [Memorial Day. r survey i;e determined that a vehicle registered In your nai for a recrestlon trip In Che Delta, "nierefore, we are contacting you for asalotance In gathering Information essential to our atudli Our Idles > plat for fac: lary t ■ded for • I also fac ■ Delta. ler loi 3l agent ;len, flood and aeepacc control, et cetera, I to enhance the recreational potential of inElderlng plans developed by counties and In order that lie can prepare a coordinated master plan for long-range ^Jevelopment of recreation In the Delta, we would greatly appreciate your assistance In completing the enclosed questionnaire. Your cooperation and prompt return of this question- naire and suggestions will provide uo with important Information, if you noulri lllie an extra copy of the enclosed mop which we wish to have returned, please let us know and wo will provide copies to you. We hope you enjoyed your outing on Memorial Day, and tnat with your ssalstance we will be able to preserve and Improve the recreation facilities In the Delta. Sincerely yours. Horbec- W. Creydanus / SACI flUEETIOHKAIBE VkKEKTO-SAII JOAQUIH DELTA BECBEATIOH STODT What clly or town do Hov luny people are If you me a boat, a Bually included In = you usually: recreation t Tbv or haul It K*.p U bertwa RsDt one In the As nerirly as poaiibl m the Delta in each the Delta ^ar that you .pend in the DeltA Delta , eatlnate the nua activity. Mslim. Spring, (Mir-May) (Jun-Aug) Fall [Sept -Nov ) (Dec -Feb) Boot fishing (p Cruising (pri™ Water skiing (p Flening froB th iMrllv) Uv) rlnarllv) bank Hov many tloes a yea r do you stii^ ovem a.,t in U.e Canplne area Trailer house Boat Rented cabin or Private cabin o notel r do you go principally to suti , If more areac were developed, what type mefulJ es do you think would be ™st CaapslMs [»ytUie picnic Access roads ParKlng areas What other rishlng s Berths 1 Benches nd boating areas ou tslde the [«lta do you i. rrequently vl sltt Please Indicate on t he enclOBed nap the areas in I w Delta -hi n you use (s ee dlrec- tlons on tfie mop). developed Or left un k of the na^ please 'ZlVTo.\ ed becmlog crowded, fac uld be Uitles needed, regulations thing Uiat yov think eeded, neu thing* vlU be of benefit ou've notl ed in Delta on users of the Delta.' or any- STATE OF CALIFORNIA TME RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH RECREATION SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE STATE OF CALIFORNIA TM£ SESOUHCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH DELTA RECREATIONAL FACILITIES \. SCALE IM UILES 1 PLATE 5 ^^ PRIMARY ROADS SECONDARY ROADS ^— 20 MINUTES FROM NEAREST CITY [ I 20 TO 40 MINUTES FROM NEAREST CITY ^^ 40 TO 60 MINUTES FROM NEAREST CITY 3 60 TO 80 MINUTES FROM NEAREST CITY I MINUTES AND MORE FROM NEAREST CITY STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH DELTA ROADS AND TRAVEL TIMES APRIL 1962 PLATE 6 500 4 00 — 300 100 SPRING MflR - MAY SUMMER JUN - AUG I I FISHING CRUISIMG WATER SKIING HUNTING ■A' .'A WINTER OEC- FEB STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRESENT RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY IN THE DELTA AREA APRIL 1962 PLATE 7 L SACRAMENTOX THE DELTA artinez ••• CONTRA COSTA ••••••••• ••••••••C 'SAN JOAQUIN I ® ) Stockton ^aklonBN SAN JVIATEO Redwood City ® ® Son Jose SANTA CLARA ••• LEGEND • PRESENT RECREATION - DAYS • FUTURE RECREATION - DAYS EACH DOT REPRESENTS 200,000 RECREATION- DAYS A L A M E D A • •O STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH AREAS OF ORIGIN DELTA RECREATION ISTS APRIL 1962 STATE OF CALIFORNIA TM£ fiESOUnCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH PRESENT CONCENTRATION OF BOAT FISHING IN THE DELTA AREA SCftLl IN MILES f 1 PLATE 9 1 °'""?\ / 1 /^/ / J ^ / / ^ / d "^V^ vj/ 7 r—' + -k- 1 '""^N J T6CO. rllona V J ^-^ ^ w $ (( \\ J ® V ~ rV ( \ ;^= ^ ^ DISTRICT \ 1 /""^^^~^ J^ ^\\- {• ii K ^\ 2m^ ^ ^) "^ ^^-%,, ;f^-.,„..S^ f 9°'£ 4^ ^^ s \'4aB«^" \ J I 1 gf ^Viv K^r^r"^ -» 4 £flf£«.,_^ 1 Gfi A NO 1 --#^ ^ r.c/!S^ \y^ ^ 'C^ Ai TBACT ^ I X* "^ o vl 1 I \ 1 J'-' J '^r^W ^N _;..,. ^— ""^^ ifljidf Jl ^^H ,>< tv l<^ o f.'jPcANAL BAMCH ■V-S A y.^^ 1 * / // r J i ^ TRACT 4 > ^k f / JT " ^^S-****"^ ^ n«> V.I Ml BRAMNAM / -'"1 J ui . //I BRACK TfiaCI '1 ""-; " ,_J LODI ;' .0/ 1 w J, TERMINOUS 1 >* ^ir <. 1 iT„m,no-. sW^ WW^ TWaCHCLL !w ^^ BOULDIN ^ ^■^^ ^^^1 ^^s^ M^^^h^ r^ ^ ^i ^^^J^ - — - ..^,^^ M £ < w jl k vENicf _^r Tkj^TJT °R«r' EMPIRE^^ ttlNG iT" } (^^"^ ^i^r^-^ y^^ y ^ BISHOP ^A^ P^ 1 \ '""^JL'*"-*"" J c££^ ^V' 1 j^^S^ i P,.„.S L\ vm ^jt^^^j^l^ r^^^ rf^.AHV k TRACT V m °'^ --J 1 "5 L ^- f^^jgJ^ /Ss?v,r2;?^^Wj^^— , ^_^^mP^~^* ■* ^^ BEIMEL rl cW m 'J 'aJ 'i^Bkk ^ ^'•~'*=»»^ .y^ fc ^W, IfiflCT 1» " ^^^^k c: "' " ° ° ^ '''"CT 'VlTSeURG 1-, (^--ANTIOCH ^""^^-^^^^V IS' ^^^ TRACT '^^^T / 1 JHOTCHKISS ^.» ^ F^^^^^^ " DONALD '^^^^ fcfe.. ffW^'-^ 1%-'^ o>^ I ^X TRACT S TRACT w M jjj^. TBACT jg0^^^^^ ■" J^T- frVT^T'^S^ \ Vni''' ^^ ^ \ \ l*^ ■ ' ACON ^ |P^t J^^ ^ eioHHini ^ '^ ''s' j "^^St'.^ \ \^ fe £iiMM ^^A, LOWER ROBERTS fc^«^ '^.n ,-. J VEALE ^^ wm SLAND V "" "' \^^. jB^r ™>=» ->-° "" Y^^ \ J '""'ft..- ;* o m ^^jjj. ISLAND \ ^^^ta iC .STOCKTON >y r ij' THAC ^1 J^ ^ ''°*'^'' ""*" ^^ Xv '^ r" =^^^^_^_^-' ■y ^ i^^iv ^ " ^ \ TRACT E" ^ONES > „,oDLE ROBERTS \ f 5^i< TRACT S-:^' / r—^,^^ ^ " """" "*" ''f^N ^S^ THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF DEPARTMENT OF WATER CALIFORNIA RESOURCES r ^V T ';;; jjxsL.^. S^ -st:v ^< "1 rn DELTA BRANCH / <^ ' IS ='''- K . "'<■ \^° • \ &__ 1 '^ """ \ ^ PRESENT CONCENTRA riON OF /\ '^.-jx^ i^ SuJ[Q CRUISING ^^-i \ 02 ?S IN THE DELTA AREA ^THAcyJ f APRIL 1962 J \ §^ SCALE IN MILES I i 6 — ^r PLATE 10 ^> \4 GRAND J0 WEBB IR4CT TB4CT PITTSBURG (J "■■■, '^-•ANTIOCH RACT ■■ \ "-'• ^_fe VEiLE _r^^ ^;;^p.E- 1 y^ THacT / A OHWOOD \ TRfiCT IS:;; »i^fx^.-7 ^^ LOWER ROBERTS ^^3i^4 ISLaNO LOWER JONES UPPER JONES STOCKTON 'POLE ROBERTS l/ICTORK ISLANO •^^i^S STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH PRESENT CONCENTRATION OF WATER SKIING IN THE DELTA AREA APRIL 1962 SCALE IM MILES UPPER ROBERIS ...!'-... LEGEND EXISTING PROJECT LEVEE MASTER LEVEE WASTE CONDUIT STATE or CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH CHIPPS ISLAND BARRIER PROJECT AUGUST 1962 SCALE OF MILES LEGEND -EXISTING PROJECT LEVEES FRESH WATER INTAKE SIPHON FRESH WATER INTAKE PUMPING PLANT DRAINAGE WATER PUMPING PLANT -AQUEDUCT RELIFT PUMPING PLANT STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH SINGLE PURPOSE DELTA WATER PROJECT AUGUST 1962 SCALE OF WILCB < EXISTING PROJECT LEVEES MASTER LEVEE SMALL CRAFT LOCK SMALL CRAFT PORTAGE FRESH WATER INTAKE SIPHON FRESH WATER INTAKE PUMPING PLANT DRAINAGE WATER PUMPING PLANT AQUEDUCT RELIFT PUMPING PLANT STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH TYPICAL ALTERNATIVE DELTA WATER PROJECT AUGUST 1962 SUlE or MILES LESE NO EXISTING PROJECT LEVEES MASTER LEVEE © SMALL CRAFT LOCK O SMALL CRAFT PORTAGE * FRESH WATER INTAKE SIPHON '' FRESH WATER INTAKE PUMPING PLANT DRAINAGE WATER PUMPING PLANT AQUEDUCT • RELIFT PUMPING PLANT STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOUflCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DELTA BRANCH COMPREHENSIVE DELTA WATER PROJECT AUGUST 1962 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW RENEWED BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO IMMEDIATE RECALL JUN111968 JAM 6 1369 JAW b' ftKO 1 AjU LlbKAKV )UE JUN 12 1970 ^Ul2 RfC'O LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Book SIip-50m 8,'63(D9954s4)458 PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY cz. A2. no. y& /', -, LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS 306022 »i„!1fi'!rf"5i,iv(H- 'l«i /ron,j,,, 1^^^^ 3 1775 02037 71 34