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 v
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 OF THE SECOND VOLUME. 
 
 LIS 
 kJI 
 
 v. % 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Northern Counties. 
 Cheshire. 
 Cumberland. 
 Isle of Alan. 
 Derbyshire. 
 Durham. 
 Lancashire. 
 Leicestershire. 
 Lincolnshire. 
 Northumberland. 
 Nottinghamshire. 
 Rutlandshire. 
 Staffordshire. 
 Westmoreland. 
 Yorkshire. 
 
 WALES, 
 
 North and South. 
 Anglesey (Isle of) 
 Brecknockshire. 
 Caermavthenshire. 
 Caernarvonshire, 
 Cardiganshire. 
 Denbighshire. 
 Flintshire. 
 Glamorganshire. 
 Merionethshire. 
 Montgomeryshire. 
 Pembrokeshire, 
 Radnorshire. 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 Aberdeenshire or Mar. 
 Angus-shire or Forfarshire. 
 Argyleshire or Invcrary. 
 Ayrshire. 
 Bana'shire. 
 
 Berwickshire. 
 
 Buteshire. 
 
 Caithness-shire. 
 
 Clackmannan shi re 
 
 Dumbartonshire. 
 
 Dumfries-shire. 
 
 Edinburghshire or Mid Lothian. 
 
 Fifeshire. 
 
 Haddingtonshire. 
 
 Inverness-shire. 
 
 Islands of Scotland. 
 
 Hebrides or Western Isles. 
 
 Isle cf Sky. Lewis. Harris. 
 Mull. Staffa. Iona. Jiwra.- 
 I slay. Colon siy< Orkney. 
 Shetland. 
 
 Kincardineshire. 
 
 Kinross-shire. 
 
 Kirkcudbrightshire. 
 
 Lanarkshire. 
 
 Linlithgowshire. 
 
 Morayshire or Elgin. 
 
 Nairnslure. 
 Peebles-shire, 
 
 Perthshire. 
 Renfrewshire. 
 Ross and Cromartyshijre. 
 Roxburghshire. 
 Selkirkshire, 
 Stirlingshire. 
 Sutherlandshire. 
 Wigtonshire. 
 
 Pennant and Cordinsr's Itinerary. 
 Towns for Post Horses in Scot- 
 land. 
 Index to Towns and Places. 
 
 APPENDIX.
 
 CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. I. Gulfs formed by the Atlantic. Gull's Conned by the North 
 
 Sea. Streights. Lakes. Rivers. 
 No. II. Canals. 
 
 No. III. Heights of Mountains in England, Wales, and Scotland. 
 No. IV. Area, Fertility, and Population, of England and Wales. 
 No. V. Area and Population of Scotland. 
 No. VI. Population of the Principal Towns in Great Britain. 
 No. VII. Comparative Measurement of Cathedrals, Churches, &c. 
 
 No. VIII. of Snires. 
 
 No. IX. of Halls, and libraries. 
 
 No. X. of Bridges built with Stone, 
 
 Iron, Wire, or Chain. 
 
 lNDi.X.
 
 CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. 
 
 APrENDIX. 
 
 JJo. L Gulfs formed by the Atlantic. Gulfs formed by the North 
 
 Sea. Streights. Lakes. Rivers. 
 .No. II. Canals, with their rise and fall. 
 
 No. III. Heights of Mountains in England, Wales, and Scotland. 
 No. IV. Area, Fertility, Population, &c. of England and Wales. 
 No. V. Area and Population of Scotland. 
 No VI. Population of the Principal Towns in Great Britain. 
 No. VII. Comparative Measurement of Cathedrals, Churches, &c 
 
 No. VIII. of Spires, of Halls, and Libraries. 
 
 . No. IX. of Bridges built with Stone, Iron, 
 
 Wire, or Chain. 
 No. X. Times of High Water in different parts of England. 
 No. XI. The Dioceses of England and Wales. 
 ; No. XII. Circuits of the Judges. 
 Index to Places referred to in England and Wales, with their distances 
 
 from London. 
 ' referred to in Scotland, with their distances from Edin- 
 
 burgh, 
 
 PLATES, MAPS, AND TABLE. 
 
 I. Stone of Memorial, Cornwall ... 1 , .. , 
 
 II. Druidical Circle, Cornwall ... j * f acc **& l 
 
 , III. Cromlech at Drewsteignton, Devon 1 4 
 
 IV. Tolmen, Constantine, Cornwall J 
 
 V. Cairns or Cams 1 - 
 
 VI. Tumulus or Barrow _f 
 
 VII. Rocking or Logan Stone, Drewsteignton, Devon 1 
 
 VIII. Rock Bason at Carnbre, in Cornwall J 
 
 IX. Rock Pillar, at Brimham, Yorkshire 1 ._ 
 
 X. Rock Pillar, Stanton Moor, Derbyshire J 
 
 XI. British Camp, upon the Herefordshire Beacon 1 , , 
 
 XII. Roman Camp at Comerie ... J" 
 
 XIII. Saxon Camp in Essex 1 j, 
 
 XIV. Norman Fortification at Clare in Suffolk J 
 
 XV. Ancient Arches, six specimens 21 
 
 XVI. Sculptured Obelisk atGolspie, Scotland; (frontispiece to Vol. II.) 
 
 XVII. Dover Castle; (frontispiece to Vol. I.) 
 Westminster Abbey and Hall; (vignette to VoL I.) 
 A Druidical Circle; (vignette to Vol. II.) 
 
 Map of England, to face Bedfordshire.
 
 PLATES &c. continued, 
 
 Map of the Lakes, to face Cumberland. 
 
 North and South' Wales to face Wales. 
 
 Scotland, to fad' Scotland. 
 
 Table of Products and Peculiarities of the Strata in the English 
 
 Counties, Sec. to/ace page 55 of the Geological Inquiries in die 
 
 Introduction. 
 
 MAPS. 
 
 Travelling maps can be procured by the purchasers of the Scientific 
 'i ourist, with or without the work, upon a conveniently large scale, on 
 which are marked all the direct and principal cross roads, routes of the 
 mail coaches, the great rivers and navigable canals, with the distances 
 between the towns. 
 
 England, in sheet 5s. 6d. in case 7s. Gd. 
 
 Ireland, 5s. 3d. 7i. Gd. 
 
 Scotland, 5s. Gd. 7s. ed. 
 
 AS IT REGAPvDS THE BINDING OF THIS WORK. 
 
 If for the purpose of travelling, gentlemen will consider their own 
 convenience and route, the work being printed purposely in separate 
 counties and it is recommended to the observant Tourist to have 
 that portion of the book he takes with him, interleaved. 
 
 If bound in Two volumes, the division of the southern and northern 
 counties of England, &c. as published, is recommended; or the Intro- 
 duction and Appendix with the Index, could form one volume ; the 
 southern counties, another; and the northern, with Wales and Scot- 
 land, could form a third volume. 
 
 If for the library, it may be better that the English Counties should 
 be arranged alphabetically. Wales and Scotland to follow, and bound 
 jn one volume. 
 
 %* The list of Watering Places in the Southern Counties is to 
 be placed at the end of the first volume. 
 
 The list of Watering Places in the Northern Counties, for Wales, 
 and for Scotland, is immediately to precede Wales in the second vo- 
 I":.!f ; and follH-.v'rg; the additional page forYorkshire, -,vith which it ii
 
 CHESHIRE, 
 
 OR 
 
 THE COUNTY PALATINE OF CHESTER, 
 
 Is bounded on the n. by Lancashire and Yorkshire ; e. by 
 Staffordshire and Derbyshire ; on the s. by Shropshire and 
 part of Flintshire; on the w. by Flintshire and the river 
 Dee; and on the n.w. by the Irish Sea: its form is nearly 
 oval, having two projecting points e. and w. from its n. 
 side. From its extending points it is about 60 miles ; in 
 other parts about 40 long, and 30 broad ; circumference 1 1 2, 
 and has 1017 square miles. From the earliest records this 
 district had peculiar privileges and a distinct government. 
 The hills and rocks of this county are high and barren, but 
 the greater portion of the surface is a level tract. The air, 
 though often moist and damp, is mild and temperate. The 
 river Dee was much venerated by the ancient inhabitants, 
 besides which there are several rivers and lakes, with con- 
 venient inland navigation. The prominent natural pro- 
 ductions of the county are fossil salt/and cheese. Its ma- 
 nufactures, cotton, muslin, silk, ribbons, leather, &c. 
 
 Chester. Old bridge (1279). Remains of the old Cas- 
 tle. The very elegant entrance to the Castle and to the 
 county jail, &c. The whole is in the pure Grecian style, by 
 Mr. Harrison. Part of a Roman hypocaust at the back of 
 a smith's shop, under the Feathers Inn in Bridge-street. 
 In a field opposite the Castle is a figure of Minerva in 
 bas-relief upon a sandstone rock. In the garden of Mr. 
 Lawton, the figure of a Roman soldier, found in East Gate. 
 A stone tile with the figure of a retiarius in bas-relief is 
 now in the possession of Henry Potts, esq. St. John's Ch. 
 has considerable remains of Saxon architecture. In the 
 Cathedral (875) observe the Shrine of St. Werburgh ; Bi- 
 
 vol. li. b shops
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 shop's throne; and lid of a coffin in the Chapter House. In 
 the Castle, Julius Caesar's Tower and Hugh Lupus' Hall, 
 likewise the crypt under Caesars Tower. The walks upon 
 the walls a pleasant promenade. Water Tower, g. Curious 
 ancient rows and fine view of the Dee. m.b. 
 
 Great Neston, 10 m. n. of Chester. Near is Park 
 Gate, a fashionable bathing-place, where passengers take 
 shipping for Ireland, b.e. 
 
 Thurstanton, 5 m. N.v/.by N.from Neston. The Ch. 
 has a Saxon doorway and a circular chancel, m.b. 
 
 Nokthwich. Here are the principal salt works orrock- 
 salt pits, which when illuminated, the crystalline surface of 
 the roof, pillars, and sides, make a glittering and magnifi- 
 cent appearance, that delights and astonishes the stranger, 
 b.e. The one I descended rewarded my curiosity more than 
 any subterranean .sight I had seen in this kingdom. The 
 largest is in the township of Witton, the form circular. 
 108 yards diameter, the roof supported by 25pilkirs of vast 
 dimensions. This is the most magnificent, most beautiful, 
 and curious cavern in Great Britain. 
 
 Runcorn, 6 m. n.n.w. from Frodsham. A sea-bath- 
 ing place ; near are some fine stone quarries, and in the 
 Ch. some handsome monuments by Bacon, m.b. 
 
 Knutsford, 24 m. n.e. from Chester. Upon Knuts- 
 ford Moor is the Saxifraga Hirculus, a very rare plant, found 
 in no other part of England ; it flowers about the 20th of 
 July. M.B. 
 
 Malpas, 16 m. s.s.e. of Chester. The keep of a Cas- 
 tle. The Ch. contains several fine monuments, m.b. 
 
 Shocklash, 5 m. w. by n. of Malpas. The earthworks 
 of a Castle, and a very high mount, m.b. 
 
 Whitegate, 4 m. s.w. from Northwich. Vale Royal, 
 the seat of Thomas Cholmondeley, esq., has some fine por- 
 traits and Mss. of Nixon's Prophecies, m.b. 
 
 Nantwich, 20 m s.e. from Chester. The Ch. is a 
 beautiful Gothic building in the form of a cross ; in it are 
 some curious momunents. There is one salt-work in this 
 town. m.b. The road from hence to Chester is paved. 
 
 Acton, 1 m. n.e. from Nantwich. Monuments in the 
 Ch. worthy of notice, p. 
 
 Doijiisgto.v, 5}m. s.e. from Nantwich. At Dodington 
 
 Hall
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 Flail are the statues of Lord Audley and his four squires, 
 cut in stone, p. 
 
 Beeston. 3 m. s.s.w. of Tarporley. Grand ruins of the 
 Castle, upon a lofty and in some places inaccessible pre- 
 cipice ; in one of the courts are large stone quarries . m.b. 
 
 Biinbcbv, 7 na. from Nantwich. In the Ch. is the fine 
 monument of Sir Hugh de Calvely, and others. In the Ch.- 
 yard are several very ancient monuments, m.b. 
 
 Babthomley, 8 m. e. of Nantwich. Crew Hall, the 
 seat of Lord Crew, a fine old mansion, being a complete 
 specimen of the grand style of domestic building in 1636. 
 
 M.B. 
 
 Little Budworth, 4 m. n.e. by e. of Tarporley. 
 Oulton Hall, a magnificent structure. In a summer-house 
 are the Roman altars found at Chester; and not far from 
 the lodge, part of Sandbach Cross curiously sculptured, m.b. 
 
 Cholmondeley, 8 in. w. from Nantwich. Cholmon- 
 deley Castle, the elegant seat of the Marquis of Cholmon- 
 deley. Near the old Hall is a domestic chapel, m.b. 
 
 Stoc k p o rt. A circular building where the Castle stood, 
 built for a market-house. In the Ch. several monuments. 
 m.b. 
 
 Bbamhall, 3 m. s.w. from Stockport. Bramhall, an 
 ancient seat ; in one of the rooms is a wooden roof enrich- 
 ed with quatrefoils, and the wainscot painted with flowers, 
 grotesque animals, and figures, m.b. 
 
 Altrincham, 8 m. w. of Stockport. Dunham Massy, 
 the beautiful scat of the Earl of Stamford, containing many 
 pictures. Upon the oaks in the park is a heronry, also in 
 the park some barrows, b.e. 
 
 Macclesfield. Silk and cotton mills. A bridle for a 
 scold, m.b. 
 
 Alderley, 6m. N.w.from Macclesfield. AlderleyHall, 
 the seat of Sir J. Stanley, bait. The prospect from Alderley 
 Edge Hill is beautiful and extensive, m.b. Oxide of cobalt 
 found here. 
 
 Lyme, 7 m. n.e. byi-j. of Macclesfield. Lyme Hall, the 
 magnificent seat of the ancient family of Legh. In the park 
 is a herd of twenty wild cattle, chiefly white with red ears. 
 m.b. Ancient Cross: and Duke of Bridgewater's canal, b.e. 
 
 Cong lei on. The Corporation have one of those an- 
 b 2 cient
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 cient instruments of punishment for a scold, called a bri- 
 dle. M.B. 
 
 Astblry, 1 m. from Congleton. In the Ch. several 
 monuments, and in the Ch.-yard some very ancient ones. 
 
 M.B. 
 
 Moreton, 3 m. s.w. from Congleton. Little Moreton 
 Hall, a remarkable old mansion of timber and plaster; the 
 hall is singularly curious, built 1559. m.h. 
 
 Middlewich. Harbours Field at Kinderton. An en- 
 trenchment. B.E. 
 
 Bosto k, 3 m. k.w. by \v. from Middlewich. On Bos- 
 tock Green is an ancient oak, which is said to mark the 
 centre cf the county, m.b. 
 
 Mottram, 7 m. N.E.by e. from Stockport. Earthworks 
 of Buckton Castle, from whence is a most extensive view. 
 
 M.B. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Fossil or rock-salt : near Northwich, 
 
 Coal : at Worth and Poynton are extensive collieries. 
 
 Copper, lead, and oxide of cobalt : found at Aldcrley 
 Edge and Peckforton hills (B. M. 340). 
 
 Iron: found at Alderley Edge and Dunkenfield. 
 
 Freestone quarries : at Runcorn, Manley, and Bebing- 
 ton (the Bebington stone is whiter than the others). 
 
 Millstones are manufactured at Mowcop-hill near Odd 
 Rode. 
 
 Limestone: found nowhere in Cheshire except at New- 
 bold- Astbury. M.B. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Saxifraga Hir cuius, Yellow Marsh Saxifrage: Knuts- 
 ford Moor, July 15th. 
 
 Veronica scutellata, Marsh Speedwell : between Wrex- 
 ham and Chester, 1, 8. 
 
 Utricularia vulgaris, Hooded Milfoil: near Churton 
 Heath, 7- 
 
 Utricularia minor, Lesser-hooded Milfoil: bogs in D<- 
 lamere Forest, 7- 
 
 Mcnyanthes nymphceoides, Fringed Buckbcan : Logs in 
 Delamere Forest, 8. 
 
 Gentiana Pneumonanthe, Marsh Gentian : commons 
 near Parkgate, 8, 9. 
 
 (icntinua
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 Gcntiana campcstris, Field Gentian: near Hyde Lake 
 and Parkgate, 9. 
 
 Siton inundation, Water Honewort: Backford Heath, 5. 
 
 Statice reticulata, Matted Thrift : Hilbree Island, 7, 8. 
 
 Drosera anglica, Great Sundew : ^marsh near Holmes- 
 Chapel, 7, 8. 
 
 Acorus Calamus, Sweet Flag : near Holford Hall, 6. 
 
 Narthecium ossijraguth, Lancashire Asphodel: Dela- 
 mere Forest/7, 8. 
 
 Alisma ranunculoides, Small Water Plantain : near Tar- 
 vin, 8. 
 
 Andromeda polifolia, Marsh Andromeda : Delamere 
 Forest, 6. 
 
 Suxifraga aizoides, Yellow Mountain Saxifrage : Bees- 
 ton Castle, 7, 8. 
 
 Stratiodes uloides, Water Aloe : pools four - miles from 
 Holmes-Chapel, 7- 
 
 Thalictrum minus, Lesser Meadow Rue : rbanks of the 
 Dee below Parkgate, 6, 7- 
 
 Dianthus deltoides, Maiden Pink : in Win al near West 
 Kirby Ch. 7, 10. 
 
 Lathreea Squamaria, Great Toothwort: by the Dane be- 
 low Congleton, 4. 
 
 Bartsia viscosa, Yellow Bartsia : near Hyle Lake, 7, 8. 
 
 Cochlearia danica, Danish Scurvy Grass : at Parkgate, 
 5, 6. 
 
 Scutellaria minor, Lesser Skullcap : bogs on Delamere 
 Forest, 8. 
 
 Iberis nudicaulis, Naked-stalked Candv-tuft : Weston 
 Hill, 5. 
 
 Geranium sanguineum, Bloody Cranes-bill: near Park- 
 gate by the river-side, 7, 9. 
 
 Fumaria claviculata, White climbing Fumitory: Brox- 
 ton and Sandy-way Head, 6", 7- 
 
 Lathyrus Nissolia, Crimson Lathyms : Blacon Point, 5. 
 
 Vicla sylvatica, Wood Vetch : woods near Vale Royal, 
 /, 8. 
 
 Hypericum Androscemum, Tutsan St. John's Wort : 
 woods near Rock Savage, J, 8. 
 
 Senecio saracenicus, Broad-leaved Groundsel : banks of 
 the Dee near Eaton-Boat, J, 8. 
 
 b 3 Inula
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 Inula Helenium, Elecampane : Eccleston, 7, 8. 
 
 Serapias palustris, Marsh Helleborine: Blacon Point, 
 7,8. 
 
 LittoreUa lacustris, Plantain Shoreweed : Budworth 
 Common near Oulton, 6. # 
 
 Empetrum nigrum, Black Crow-berry : Congleton 
 Edge, 5. 
 
 Pilularia glob'fera, Pepper Grass : Congleton Moss, 6,!). 
 
 Lysimachia thyrsiflora, Tufted Loosestrife : woods near 
 Stockport, 7- 
 
 Campanula latifolia, Giant Bell-flower : near the rivers 
 Mersey and Tame at Stockport, 8. 
 
 Trottius curopcetts, Globe Flower : in a wood between 
 Stayley Hall and Scout Mill, 5, 6. 
 
 LhnoseUa aquatica, Mudwort : near Frodsham, 7, 8. 
 
 Ophrys cordata, Least Twayblade : Stayley moors, 7- 
 
 Gnaphalium dioicum, Mountain Cudweed : hills above 
 Stayley, 6, 7-
 
 CUMBERLAND 
 
 Is bounded on the n. by Scotland; e. by Northumberland 
 and Durham ; and s. by Westmoreland and Lancashire. Its 
 greatest length is nearly 80 miles ; but its mean length about 
 60 miles ; breadth 35, and circumference 218; and has 
 1497 square miles. The climate of this county is various, 
 arising from the peculiarly mountainous face of the coun- 
 try; the higher grounds cold and piercing, while the lower 
 are mild and temperate : upon the whole this county is very 
 healthy. The scenery arising from its lakes is extensive 
 rfnd magnificent, and the peculiarity of effect must ever 
 render it picturesque and interesting ; otherwise the scene- 
 ry is but bleak and naked, as the woodlands are but few. 
 
 The rivers and canals are unimportant. The mineralogical 
 productions of the county are numerous and important : 
 the produce, black-lead, coal, iron, &c. Manufactures, cot- 
 ton, coarse cloths, and linen, glass bottles, &c. 
 
 Penrith. Fine ruins of a Castle. In the Ch.-yard is a 
 singular monument, called the G ant's Grave : near the 
 above is another called the Giant's Thumb. A little n. of 
 Penrith is a square stone building called the Beacon, com- 
 manding beautiful prospects. A short distance from Pen- 
 rith is Arthur's Round Table, a curious entrenchment. A 
 little to the n. of this, on the summit of a small hill, is May- 
 borough, a vast circular dike of loose stones, with an up- 
 right stone in the centre ten feet hjgh. Almost opposite to 
 Mayborough, on the Cumberland side of the Emmot, is a 
 prodigious cairn or tumulus. 4 m. s.e. of Penrith are the 
 Giants Caves, in a romantic situation, p. 
 
 Dacke, 4 m. w from Penrith. A noble Castle. In the 
 Ch. is the figure of a cross-legged knight, supposed one of 
 the first Lord Dacres. In the Ch.-yard are 4 remarkable 
 monuments, representing bears on their haunches clasp- 
 ing a ragged staff, on the backs of two of them a lynx. b.e. 
 
 Graystock, 5m. n.w. from Penrith. Graystock Castle, 
 a scat of the Duke of Norfolk : upon the river are seve- 
 ral
 
 CUMBERLAND 
 
 jal artificial cascades: the plantations arc extensive, with 
 many ornamental buildings. The interior of the Castle is 
 decorated with a choice collection of paintings. At Mo- 
 therby, in this parish, a Druidical circle called Stone Car- 
 ron or Redstone Camp. h. 
 
 Hutton, 5 m. n. from Penrith. Hutton Hall, a hand- 
 some scat of Sir F. Vane, bart. On Hutton Common are 
 the remains of a fortification called Collinson Castle. 2 m. 
 from Hutton Hall is the Roman station of Old Penrith, h. 
 
 Kirkoswald, 8 m. n.e. from Penrith. Near the town 
 are the ruins of an old Castle ; the Ch. and belfry are de- 
 tached buildings. 2 m. n.w. from Kirkoswald is Nunnery, 
 the beautiful and romantic seat of R. Bamber, esq. The 
 grounds are laid out with great taste, containing caves, ca- 
 taracts, and all the rudeness of nature little assisted by 
 art. A small distance from the mansion, in a field called 
 Cross Close, is a pillar inscribed Sanctuarium in Saxon and 
 Roman characters, b.e. 
 
 Great Salkeld, 3 m. s.w. of Kirkoswald. A little di- 
 stance from Force Mill Bridge is a romantic cascade. The 
 form and construction of the Ch. tower are singular. At a 
 place called tiie Dyke are vestiges of an encampment : near 
 it is a circular pool of water. About a quarter of a mile 
 further are considerable remains of a fortified station, called 
 Aikton Castle ; and near it a tumulus of stones called a 
 Raise. Near the adjoining village of Little Salkeld is the 
 famous Druidical circle called Long Meg and her Daugh- 
 ters, consisting of GJ stones near ten feet high : this is one 
 of the most extensive Druidical circles in the kingdom. b.e. 
 
 CuMREW,6m. N.by e. of Kirkoswald. Upon the summit 
 of Cumrew-fells is a prodigious Cairn called Cardumeth,* 
 and anothei about 300 yards from the Ch. Near are like-' 
 wise some considerable ruins, d.e. 
 
 High Hksket, 9 m. n. of Penrith. Near is Nuns Close, 
 Tarn Wadling a remarkable lake, and the ruins of Castle 
 Hewin upon the n.e. side of the lake. Also Armathwaite 
 Castle and Cascade. Near Armathwaite bridge are beau- 
 tiful walks along the summit of the cliffs, b.e. 
 
 Sowekby, 11 m. n.w. of Penrith. On a lofty eminence 
 (ailed Castle Hill are the remains of an old fortress : in this 
 parish are three ancient works, called Castlesteeds, White- 
 stones,
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 
 stones, and Stone Raise. 3 m. n. of Sowerby are the ruins 
 of Highhead Castle, and near them a circular hill. b.e. 
 
 Aldstone, 19 m. k. from Penrith. The lead-mines in 
 the vicinity are very numerous ; this is the only place 
 Where satin spar has been found. On Gildersdale Fell is a 
 cavity called Tutman-hole, and likewise a pool covered 
 with a slime used for painting yellow. H. 3 m. N. from Ald- 
 stone a; e Whitley Castle earthworks, where several antiqui- 
 ties have been discovered, n.d.e. From Aldstone return 
 to Penrith, and begin the tour to the Lakes. 
 
 LAKES. Mr. Housem recommends to those who arrive 
 at Kendal or Penrith, particularly the latter, to take the 
 Lakes in the following succession : Hawswater, Ulswater, 
 Derwentwater, Basenthwaite-water, Buttermere-water, 
 Crummock-water, Loweswater, Ennerdale-water, and 
 Waste-water; then return to Keswick, and from thence pro- 
 ceed toLeathes-water, Grassmere-water, Rydal-water, Win- 
 dermere-water, Esthwaite-water, and Coniston-water ; and 
 from thence to see the curiosities at Furness. 
 
 I shall mention the Lakes in the above order (which can 
 be traced on the Map opposite), and what is worthy of no- 
 tice near them. 
 
 Hawswater. Those who are fond of botanizing will 
 prefer the horse road [the carriage road from Kendal is by 
 Shapl from Kendal to Hawswater, through Long-Sleddale 
 16 miles, where a variety of curious plants may be found; 
 besides seeing many cataracts tumble over the precipices 
 in various places. Hawswater is in Westmoreland, but so 
 connected with the tour of the Lakes that I shall begin with 
 it, as recommended by Mr. Housem. It is situate about 
 3 m. s. of Bampton and 4 m. w. of Shap : many cascades 
 and much beautiful scenery are met with in the ride round 
 it, particularly on the south side, where is Wellow Crag a 
 huge naked rock, and Thwaite Force a noble cataract. Re- 
 turn to Penritn by Rampton and Lowther ; at the latter 
 see the carpet manufactory, h. 
 
 Ulswater, 5q, s.w. from Penrith. The Sun Inn at 
 Pooley will afibid the tourist a good boat, guide, and other 
 accommodations : the guide will point out the most proper 
 situations for viewing the Lake, which by many is thought 
 superior to any of the others. L pon the western side is Gov 
 barrow Park, a seat of the Duke of Norfolk : in the grouiu
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 
 see Lyulph's Tower, and a fine cascade a little distant from 
 it. See Maiden Castle Camp, called Caer Thanock. 
 
 Derwent-water (at Keswick), or Keswick Lake, i.sclose 
 to the town of Keswick. Near the further end see Lodore 
 waterfall, Castle Crag, and the Bowder stone. A walk 
 up Borrowdale and to the top of Skiddaw mountain must 
 not be omitted. In a field near the Lake is a spot which 
 commands five beautiful views. At Keswick are two mu- 
 seums of minerals, plants, &c. Hutton the proprietor of 
 one of them is a botanist and guide; and Crossthwaite the 
 owner of the other museum is also a guide, lg m. from Kes- 
 wick is a Druidical circle, in a field called Castle Rigg. A 
 few miles also from Keswick are those deceiving rocks 
 called the Castle Rocks of St. John. h. 
 
 Basenthwaite Lake, 3 m. n. from Keswick. This 
 lake is about four miles long, and in some parts one mile 
 wide : the best general view is from Broadness, a round 
 green hill behind the farm-house, h . 
 
 Buttermere is about 1| m. long and half a mile in 
 breadth. Near is Gatesgarth Dale, a tremendous scene ; 
 and one mile and a half w. is Scale Force, a remarkable 
 waterfall, b.e. 
 
 Crummock-water. This lake is about four miles long 
 and half a mile wide. A view of the whole may be taken in 
 from the side of Buttermere-Hawse Hill. h. 
 
 Lowes-water. A beautiful lake, about one mile long 
 and a quarter of a mile broad; seen to the most advantage 
 from a station through a gate that leads to the common, h. 
 
 Ennerdale-water. This lake is guarded on every 
 side except the west by wild and craggy heights. Those 
 who have leisure and a taste for variety of mountain, syl- 
 van, and pastoral scenes, will not be disappointed in a ride 
 to Ennerdale. h. 
 
 Waste-water. This lake, three miles in length and 
 three quarters of a mile in breadth, is difficult of access, 
 except on the side of Egreniont. The scenery is very diffe- 
 rent from the other lakes. 
 
 Lkathes-water, or Thirlmere. A narrow piece of 
 water about three miles in length, skirting the base of Hel- 
 vellyn mountain. Many cascades are seen falling from a 
 great height, but the streams are small. 2 m. above this 
 lake and nine miles from Keswick is Dun-mail-raise Stones,
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 
 an alpine pass where is a large cairn or heap of stones, 
 said to have been placed there to perpetuate the memory 
 of the last king of Cumberland, h. 
 
 Grassmere. The favourite spot of Mr. Gray the poet, 
 who was delighted with the first view of this small but 
 handsome lake. h. Towards the southern end is 
 
 Rvdal-water a smaller lake than the preceding, and 
 inferior in point of beauty. At Rydal Hall, the seat of Sir 
 Michael le Fleming, are two cascades worthy of notice : 
 one a little distant from the house in a glen; this is a con- 
 siderable stream tumbling from a great height; the other 
 a small waterfall seen through the window of a summer- 
 house, which gives it a beautiful effect. Ascend Rydal- 
 Head, a mountain behind the Hall, for a fine view of the 
 Lakes, h. 
 
 Ambleside. Between the town and the head of Winan- 
 dermere are the vestiges of a Roman slation. By the road 
 to Bowness the fine plantations and elegant seat of the 
 learned Bishop of Landaff. Lowood Inn is the best situ- 
 ation for examining the beauties of 
 
 Windermere Lake. At Lowood Inn are boats for the 
 tourist to visit the islands : the principal or Curwen's Island 
 is opposite the inn ; a cannon is also kept to surprise the 
 curious with the astonishing echoes. This lake I thought 
 superior to any of the lakes in England, but not equal to 
 Loch Lomond in Scotland. 
 
 Esthwaite-water upon the west side of, and not far 
 from, Windermere is about 2 m. in length and half a m. 
 in breadth, in many places beautifully fringed with trees. 
 
 Coniston-lake. After passing through Hawkshead 
 (near which are the remains of the Abbot of Furness s 
 house) you come to Coniston Lake, six miles in length and 
 three quarters of a mile broad : a fine cataract is seen fall- 
 ing from the mountain upon the opposite side of the lake, h . 
 
 Besides the above Lakes there are several smaller ones. 
 Over-water, between Binsey and Colbeck-fells. Burn 
 Moor Tarn, at the head of Mitterdale. Devock-water, 5 in. 
 s.e. of Ravenglass. Talkin Tarn and Tindale Tarn, s.t:. 
 of Brampton. Tarn Wadling, near Armathwaite. 
 
 Dalton, 4 m. s.e. of Ulverston. Here are the remains 
 of a Castle, and many iron-mines in the neighbourhood. 
 
 One
 
 CUMBERLAND 
 
 One mile and a half from Dalton are the beautiful and ve- 
 nerable ruins of Furncss Abbey; the best view of it is on 
 the east side. On the summit of the hill over the Abbev 
 are the remains of a beacon or watch-tower, h. 
 
 Duddon Bridge, near Broughton. 3 m. n w. from 
 Duddon Bridge, among dreary mountains, is a Druidical 
 temple called Sunken Kirk, in a meadow near a farm 
 house ; and not far from this is another circle of stones 
 not so large or numerous as the above. Near the Duddon 
 Sands is Milium Castle ; on the west side is Black-coomb 
 Mountain; from the summit may be seen seven English 
 counties, and as many in Scotland, also the Isle of Man. h. 
 
 Bootle. In the Ch. is an octagonal font of black mar- 
 ble. On Esk Meals Common vestiges of an encampment. 
 At Armaside, near the sea, is a Druidical circle of twelve 
 stones. Near Gutterby is the monument called Kirkstones, 
 forming part of two circles : about 200 yards from this is a 
 Cairn fifteen yards in diameter. 3 m. further s. arc the 
 Standing Stones. About one mile from Muncaster House 
 are ruins, called the Old City of Barnscar. Upon Hard- 
 knot Mountain is the vestige of a fort or camp. h. 
 
 Ponsonhy, 8 m. n. of Ravcnglass. Near Ponsonby 
 are the beautiful ruins of Calder Abbey {ante 1134). J. 
 Senhouse, esq. whose mansion is near, has a fine collec- 
 tion of Roman antiquities. At Ponsonby Hall is a curious 
 carved bedstead, supposed to have been made in 1345.R.K. 
 
 Egremont, 5 m. s. of Whitehaven. On the w. side of 
 the towmare the ruins of the Castle. On the common are 
 several tumuli, a remarkable one of loose stones, near it 
 is a circle of ten large stones. 3 m. s. upon a hill are the 
 ruins of a fort called Cameron Castle, b.e. 
 
 Whitehaven. Near is the noble mansion of the Earl 
 of Lonsdale. The coal mines are not far from the sea, 
 some of them carried under it. A packet boat sails weekly 
 from Whitehaven to the Isle of Man. h. On the sea shore 
 is the Pulmonaria maritima. 
 
 Moresby, 2 m. n. of Whitehaven. A short distance 
 
 'rom the village are the ruins of a Roman station, from 
 
 \ence is a fine view. Near Moresby are caverns called 
 
 s Holes, c.b. 
 
 'rkinoton, 6 m. N. of Whitahavcn. Workington 
 
 Hall,
 
 CUMBERLAND. . 
 
 Hall, the seat of J. C. Curwen, esq. an extensive park and 
 pleasure grounds, Sec. Near are Seaton iron-works, h. 
 
 Cockermouth. Ruin-, of a Castle ; under one of the 
 towers a vault or crypt supported by a single pillar. North 
 of the bridge an artificial mount called Toot-hill. e.b. Alittle 
 distance from Cockermouth is Pap Castle, one of the 
 finest villages in the county; adjoining are the ruins of a 
 Roman station, h. 
 
 Bridekirk, 2 m. n. of Cockermouth is celebrated 
 for its ancient font, having its sides ornamented with cu- 
 rious sculptures, h. 
 
 Maryport, 7 m. n. by w. of Cockermouth is now be- 
 come a fashionable bathing-place. Close to the town is a 
 Roman station called Ellenborough Camp, and a hill called 
 the Mote Hill. h. 
 
 Alloxby, 6 m. n. from Man-port is likewise a place 
 of great resort for bathing., 6 m. n. of Allonby is Wolstey 
 Castle, near the sea side. h. 
 
 Aspatria, 5 m. s.e. of Allonby. Near this village is 
 Brayton Hall, the seat of Sir G. Lawson, hart, where is 
 a choice collection of paintings. 200 yards n. of the vil- 
 lage is Beacon Hill; upon the summit wac ie:merly a tu- 
 mulus, which contained a number of Roman antiquities, 
 late in the possession of Mr. Rigg the proprietor (they are 
 figured in the 10th volume of the Archaeoio.^ia.). a. 
 
 Wigton. About a mile s. of Wigton are the remains of 
 a Roman station, called Old Carlisle ; some of the antiqui- 
 ties found in this station are in the possession of a gentle- 
 man at Wigton. h. 
 
 Burgh. One mile from this village is the monument 
 with an inscription to the memory of King Edward I., who 
 died here in 1307- 4 m. n.w. is Drumburgh Castle, now 
 a farm house. A short distance from Drumburgh is Seve- 
 rus's Wall and Ditch, b.e. 
 
 Great Orton, 3 m. s. from Burgh. Near the Ch. is 
 Parsons Thornfield, where the view commands 15 churches 
 in Cumberland, and several in Scotland, b.e. 
 
 Carlisle. The Castle, Cathedral (temp. Will. II.), 
 walk upon the city walls, and cotton manufactory. At 
 Stanwix a Roman station. 
 
 Dalston, 5 m. s.w. of Carlisle. At the east end of the 
 vol. a. t village
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 
 village is a curious Cross. Dalston Hall is a venerable 
 mansion, b.k. 
 
 Wetheral, 5 m. e. from Carlisle. The ruins of a Pri- 
 ory; and a little beyond is an ancient and curious cell hewn 
 out of the rock, called Wetheral Safeguard or Constantine's 
 Cell. Opposite Wetheral is Corby Castie, the seat of H. 
 Howard, esq. In the dining-room an ancient stone, inscribed 
 Alfredus DCCCLXXXI. a Roman altar. The grounds are 
 extremely beautiful ; in one of the walks are several 
 spacious cells or grottos hewn out ot the solid rock the 
 house contains a variety of excellent pictures. 3 m. s.e. 
 of Corby Castle, at Cumwhitton, is an extensive Druidieal 
 circle called Grey Yards, h. 
 
 Scaleby, 6 m. n.e. of Carlisle. Scaleby Castle, one 
 of the fortified houses which are numerous in this county ; 
 the ruins are grand, b.e. 
 
 Rose Castle, 7 m. s.w. of Carlisle. A seat of the Bi- 
 shop of Carlisle. Not far from Rose Castle, by Shawk- 
 beck brook, are several stone quarries; on the face of one 
 of the rocks is cut a Roman inscription, b.e. 
 
 Longtown, 9 m. n. of Carlisle. Near this town is Ne- 
 therby, the seat of Sir J. Graham, bart. who has a valu- 
 able collection of ancient and modern medals, and many 
 Roman antiquities. Netherby was a Roman station. 2 m. 
 from Netherby is Liddals Strength or Mote, a strong en- 
 trenchment on a lofty cliff commanding a fine view. b.e. 
 
 Brampton, 9 m. e. of Carlisle. At the east end of the 
 town is a vast mount called the Moat or Castle Hill ; the 
 view from it is very extensive. About two miles from 
 Brampton is the celebrated Roman inscription on the face 
 of a rock overhanging the river Gelt. 2 m. w. of Bramp- 
 ton is Edmond Castle, the seat of J. Graham, esq. the 
 grounds arc embellished with taste. The Roman station 
 of Watchcross is one mile and a half from Edmond Castle. 
 Naxworth Castle, the property of the Earl of Carlisle, is 
 two miles from Brampton, and extremely well worth the 
 notice of the antiquary ; not far from this castle are the 
 fine ruins of Lanecost Priory (11(59). Near the PictsVVall 
 is Custlesteads a Roman station, h . 
 
 Bewcastle, \6 in. N.rc. of Carlisle; situated in a wild 
 district. It is supposed to have been a Roman station; many 
 
 vestiges
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 
 vestiges of ancient buildings remain. In the Ch.-yaid is a 
 curious sculptured obelisk with a Roman inscription, b.e. 
 
 Gilsland Spa, 8 m. s.e. of Bewcastle, in the vale of 
 Irthing is frequented by much company for the benefit of 
 the waters. 1 m. w. of Gilsland Spa is the famous Roman 
 Wall. h. 
 
 Castle CARRocK,5m. s. from Brampton. Neararethe 
 remains of two ancient fortifications in the meadows, one 
 40 yards east of the Ch., the other 40 rod towards the south. 
 
 Hesket New Market. 5 m. s. is Carrock-fell, upon 
 which are stones laid in a singular manner, called the Sunken 
 Kirks. At Calbeck near Hesket New Market, in the river 
 Caldew, is a singular curiosity called the Howk, a water- 
 fall. At a little distance is the Fairy Kettle, also two other 
 cascades, and a cavern called Fairy Kirk. b.e. 
 
 Sebehgham, 2 m. n.e. of Hesket Market and 13 m. from 
 Penrith is one of the most delightfully situated villages 
 in the county. 3 m. e. of Sebergham are the ruins of High- 
 head Castle, and near on Broadfield Common, a barrow 
 called Souden or Solden Hill, with a circle of granite stones 
 on the top. Between one and two miles n. within the 
 limits of Broadfield Common, are three ancient works about 
 half a mile distant from each other, forming a triangle ; viz. 
 Castlesteads, Whitestones, and Stone Raise, b.k, 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 At Alston- Moor. 1 m. from Alston, near the rivci, 
 satin spar (B. M. 5) ; a variety of fluors, spars, carbonate 
 of barytes {B. M. 454), and quartz crystals ; also crystal- 
 lized blende. Arborescent carbonate of lime (B. M. 427). 
 
 Keswick, or near. Garnets; lithomaga or moidal . 
 (B. M. 251), made or schistclitc (B. M. J 16) : Skiddaw 
 Mountain. Black lead (J5. M. p. 267) : in Borrowdale. 
 Blende or oxide of zinc :-^-in Borrowdale :md Ousley. 
 Wolfram, a particular species : at Borrowdale Head. 
 Schistus tabulated: near Keswick and Gisland. Cobalt : 
 at Crossthwaite. Epidote (B. M. 451). 
 
 Egremont, or near. Steatites: at Hilltop and St. 
 Johns. Iron ore: near Crowgarth. Haematites: at 
 Langnor. 
 
 Calbeck, near Hesket New Market. Oxide ofManga- 
 c 2 ncse :
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 
 nese : at Calbeck. Copper ore : in the mines near Cul- 
 beck. Sulphuret of molybdenum (B. M. 288): at Cal- 
 beck. Coal : at Whitehaven and several other places. 
 Gypsum, a variety of: at Newbiggen. Marble with shell* : 
 at Dacre and Little Stainton. Asbestus : in a lead-mine 
 at Northend. Peroxide or hydrate of copper (B. M. 279) : 
 in Dalehead Mine. Kaolin or porcelain clay : at Bar- 
 rock near Nebsteps. Trap, whinstone, granite, and toad- 
 stone : at many places. 
 
 UAKE PLANTS. 
 
 Ejrimcdium alpinum, Barrenwort : Skidda.v and Car- 
 rock Fells on Saddleback, near Threlkeld, o. 
 
 Alchemilki alpina, Alpine Ladies Mantle: Borrowdale 
 near Keswick, 7- 
 
 Alisma nataiis, Floating Water Plantain : Keswick lake, 
 7,8. 
 
 Salix herbacea, Least Willow Skiddaw mountain, 6. 
 
 Lobelia Dortmanna,V* ater Lobelia : Ulswater, and other 
 lakes, 7- 
 
 Thalictrum ma jus, Greater Meadow Rue: banks of 
 Ulswater lake, 6, J. 
 
 Orobus si/lvaticus, Wood Orobus : Gamblesby, 10 m. 
 n.e. of Penrith, under Cross Fell, 5, 6. 
 
 Meum athamanticum, Spignel : mountainous pastures 
 near Keswick vicarage, 5. 
 
 Empetrum nigrum, Crow- or Crakeberry: mountainous 
 heaths, Skiddaw and Cross Fell, 5. 
 
 Pulmonaria maritima, Sea Lungwort: sea-shore near 
 Whitehaven, Maryport, and Worthington, "J. 
 
 Tragopogon porrij 'bints, Purple Goats-beard: fields near 
 Carlisle and Rose Castle, 5, (j. 
 
 Vaccinium uliginositm, Great Bilberry : between Hex- 
 ham and Penrith and Alston Moor, 4, 5. 
 
 Circcea alpina, Mountain Enchanters Nightshade : 
 stony shady places on mountains, banks of Ulswater and 
 Derwentwater, 7, 8. 
 
 Cistus guttatus, Spotted-flowered Cistus : sandy places 
 in the Isle of Man, <, ~ .
 
 ISLE OF MAN. 
 
 This island is situated 10 leagues off Cumberland, centri- 
 cally placed in the Irish Sea between England and Ireland ; 
 has the Isle of Anglesey to its S. with Scotland on the n. 
 Its length is about 30 miles by 10 in its widest part : a high 
 ridge of mountains runs through its centre, which occa- 
 sions many springs and rivulets ; the extremities of the land 
 are good pasture. This island was well known to the an- 
 cients. Csesar called it Mona; Ptolemy, Monoeda; Pliny, 
 Manabia; Orosius, Mevania; Nennius, Eubonia and Ma- 
 now: the Britons, Menaw; and the natives, Manning. The 
 inhabitants are supersth\ously inclined, thought to be prin- 
 cipally occasioned by the ranges of romantic and grotesque 
 caverns, and the idle stories they have led to. A Packet-boat 
 sails weekly from Whitehaven for the island, and also from 
 Liverpool. 
 
 Castle Town. In the centre of this town is Castle 
 Rushen, the chief fortress in the island. Upon Longness 
 Point are the ruins of a circular fort and chapel, b.e. Mar- 
 ble quarries, c.b. 
 
 Calf of Max, 9 m. s.w. from Castle Town. This 
 small island is about two furlongs from the southern ex- 
 tremity of the Isle of Man, it is fenced round by gloomy 
 caverns and stupendous precipices, b.e. 
 
 Bala Sala, 2 m. from Castle Town. Near are the nuns 
 of Rushen Abbey, also the Abbey Bridge in a very romantic 
 situation, b.e. 
 
 Douglas. At Douglas are snuff and tobacco manufac- 
 tories. At a short distance is Nunnery, the elegant seat of 
 Major Taubman. b.e. m. N.is Mona Castle, a modern 
 building, the seat of the Duke of Athol. 
 
 Oxcox, n. of Douglas. From the high grounds in this 
 parish and from Clayhead are fine views of the sea: from 
 hence to Douglas a pleasant walk over the sands. Wo. 
 
 Laxey. Between Douglas and Laxey, two miles from 
 
 the latter, near the road, is a Druklical temple of about 
 
 c 3 twelve
 
 ISLE OF MAN 
 
 twelve stones, called the Cloven Stones. In the neigh- 
 bourhood of Laxey are lead-mines. 3 m. n.w. is Snaffield 
 Mountain, 380 yards high; from the summit may be seen 
 England, Scotland, and Ireland, c.b. 
 
 Mavghold. Near the entrance of the Ch.-yardis a pil- 
 lar 7 feet high, carved with the Crucifixion. Wo. 
 
 Ramsea or Ramsey. Several boats for passengers sail 
 weekly from this port to Liverpool and Whitehaven. Be- 
 tween Ramsey and Maughold, near Port-le-veillen, by the 
 road side, is a stone of considerable antiquity with five 
 raised balls upon it, and other devices. Wo. 
 
 Kirk Andreas, 6 m. n. of Ramsea. In this parish is 
 an ancient entrenchment, at Ballachurry, of a square form, 
 with a noble bastion at each angle, the whole in complete 
 preservation. Many barrows are in the -vicinity. In the 
 Ch.-yard is a square pillar with a Runic inscription, trans- 
 lated The son of Ulf of the Swedri {or Sivcdes) erected this 
 Cross to the warrior Afterarin the son of Cunnu. b.e. 
 
 Kirk Michael. Near the entrance of the Ch.-yard is 
 a lofty pillar of blue stone with a Runic inscription. Within 
 the Ch.-yard is another stone pillar with a Runic inscrip- 
 tion. Several tumuli, particularly Cairn Viael, are in the 
 parish. 1 in. from Kirk Michael is Bishops Court, the re- 
 sidence of the bishops of the see. b.e. 
 
 Peel. Among the rocks, that form the north boundary 
 of the bay is a range of grotesque caverns. Peel Castle 
 is situate about 100 yards n. of the town. Here is likewise 
 a Cathedral, having beneatli the easternmost part an eccle- 
 siastical prison. A little to the northward of the churches 
 is a squire pyramidical mount. In the vicinity of Peel a pe- 
 culiar white marl is dug. About 3 m. s.e. of Peel is the fa- 
 mous Tynwald Mount, which is of the greatest antiquity, used 
 for the promulgation of the laws. It is an artificial mound 
 of earth, covered with turf, with a flight of steps on the s. 
 side for ascending its summit : its form is that of an ob- 
 truncated cone, divided into three stages or circles, regu- 
 larly advanced three feet above each other: the top does 
 not exceed two yards in diameter. Here the governor was 
 seated on day& of ceremony, and on the lower circles were 
 placed the different ranks of people. Facing the steps is a 
 small Chapel dedicated to St. John, whichhasbeenrebuilt.E.B 
 
 Kirk
 
 ISLE OF MAN, 
 
 Kirk Jurly, 4 m. n.e. of Kirk Michael A barrow in 
 the Ch.-yard, and several in the parish, b.k. 
 
 Kirk Bride. In the Ch.-yard is a stone Cross with 
 Runic characters. 
 
 MINT.RALS. 
 
 Granite : between Laxey and Ramsey. 
 
 Clay slate : Sneifeldt and Mount Pellier. 
 
 Mica slate : on Slieu-y-Carnane. 
 
 Greywacke : Maugholdhead and Douglas-head. 
 
 Limestone: Castle Town and Ball Fallack, 
 
 Magnesian limestone: in Cas-ny-Hawin. 
 
 Amygdaloid: Kraal Farance and Cromwell Walk. 
 
 Sandstone: near Peel Town. 
 
 Porphyry : beach at Airepoint. 
 
 Quartz : Kirk Ballaugh. 
 
 Lead and galena : Laxey and Foxdale, &c. 
 
 Garnets and hornblende : at B. Wodden. 
 
 Garnets : in Foxdale Mine. 
 
 Iron pyrites: in the rocks. 
 
 Madrepores ; entrochi ; trochitae ; terebratula : in the 
 limestone rocks, &c. 
 
 Drigg tubes, a curious fossil : found at Drigg 3 m. n. 
 from Ravenglass.
 
 DERBYSHIRE, 
 
 Situated nearly in the centre of the island, is hounded n . e. 
 by Yorkshire, n.w. by Cheshire, e. by Nottinghamshire, 
 s. by Leicestershire, s.w. and w. by Staffordshire. Its form 
 is irregular, but approaches to a triangle : its greatest 
 length is 55 miles, breadth 33, circumference 204, square 
 miles 1077- The great irregularity of its surface, and 
 boldness of its projection and height, give rise to great 
 sublimity of character, to^which we must add its wonderful 
 natural excavations and curiosities, which render this part 
 particularly interesting. The atmusphere is generally pure 
 and healthful. The produce lead, iron, &c. The manu- 
 factures, stockings, calicoes, &c. The rivers are the Trent, 
 Derwent, &c. Its inland navigation various and useful. 
 
 Derby. All Saints Ch. Manufactories of silk, cotton, 
 Derbyshire spar and marble, porcelain, red lead, &c. On 
 Nun's Green a bleaehing-ground. Here are likewise mills 
 for slitting and rolling iron, for making tinned plates, bat- 
 tering and rolling copper into sheets. Near the town are 
 some pleasing walks. On Windmill Hill is a handsome 
 Prospect-house, from which is a fine view. 3 m. from 
 Derby is Mackworth Castle. 4 m. from Derby is Keddle- 
 ston, the magnificent seat of Lord Scarsdale, with fine 
 paintings. In the village of Keddleston is a medicinal 
 spring, b.k. 
 
 Osmaston, 3 m. s. by e. from Derby. The handsome 
 seat of Sir R. Wilmot, containing a fine library and a choice 
 collection of paintings, b.e. 
 
 Foremakk, 7 m. s.s.w. from Derby. The seat of Sir 
 F. Burdett. A quarter of a mile from Foremark is a curious 
 rocky bank: in the centre where the rock projects is a rude 
 door-way leading into several excavations or cells, called 
 Anchor (Jh. Between one and two miles e. of Foremark 
 is Knowle Hills, a beautiful and retired ornamented spot, 
 where is an ancient beech-tree of uncommon magnitude. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Mel-
 
 DERBYSHIRE. 
 
 Melbourne, 4 m. s.k. of Foremark. A very curious 
 ancient Ch. and font. a. 
 
 Repton, 8 m. s.e. from Derby. Beneath the chancel of 
 the Ch. is an ancient crypt supported by two rows of round 
 Saxon pillars sculptured, supposed to have been built in 
 the time of Alfred, b.e. 
 
 Ashbourn, 14 m. n.w. from Derby. The Ch., in which 
 are several ancient tombs, a curious inscription on a brass 
 plate, and that beautiful tomb by Banks to the memory of 
 a daughter of Sir Brooke Boothby, which is the admira- 
 tion of all travellers. From Ashbourn the tourist gene- 
 rally visits Dove Dale, a most curious and romantic spot ; 
 in the rocks are two caves called Reynard s Hall and Kit- 
 chen, b.e. ' 9 miles on the road to Lichfield is the vene- 
 rable mansion Sudbury House, belonging to Lord Ver- 
 non (whose family have long possessed it) ; and the 
 beautiful old Ch. finely mantled with ivy. 
 
 Newhaven Inn, 10 m. n.w. from Ashbourne. One 
 mile and half from this inn, opposite the Lodge Farm, is 
 the famous Druidical circle called Arbor Lows. Near it a 
 tumulus called in this country a Low. p. 
 
 Haktington, 3 m. w. of Newhaven Inn. Upon Wolfs 
 Cote Hill, one mile and a half from Hartington, is a large 
 stone barrow. At Pilsbury in this parish, in a field called 
 Castle Hills, are some ancient remains worth notice ; and 
 not far from Hartington is the famous Ecton Hill copper- 
 mine. 
 
 Moneyash, 4 m. w. of Bakewell are the Derbyshire 
 marble quarries, b.e. 
 
 Chelmobton, 4 m. s. from Buxton. Upon a high emi- 
 nence at the back of this village are two large barrows or 
 lows. About one mile from hence, in the Buxton road, is 
 the Lover's Leap, in a beautiful and romantic dale. b.e. 
 
 Buxton. Baths, and mineral waters. An elegant cres- 
 cent, opposite which are pleasant walks upon Staincliff 
 and Hanscliff to a low or barrow. Likewise some new 
 walks at the end of the crescent. 2 m. s.w. is Diamond 
 Hill, where those crystals are found called Buxton Dia- 
 monds. Between one and two miles from Buxton is Pooles 
 Hole, the largest cavern in England except the Peak ca- 
 vern; and near are some curious habitations called the Ass 
 
 Hillocks
 
 DERBYSHIRE. 
 
 Hillocks. 3 m. n. the Marvel Stones. 3 m. n.w. near thf 
 northern extremity of Combe Moss, are some ancient mi- 
 litary works. 5 m. s. of Buxton, near Wormhill village, in 
 a romantic and deep hollow, n the river Wye flows at the 
 foot of a stupendous mass of rock called Chee Tor, nearly 
 400 feet high. b.e. 
 
 Castleton, 10 m. from Buxton. The tourist will find 
 more curiosities worthy his attention in this village than in 
 any other in the kingdom ; the botanist and mineralogist 
 will be equally delighted. The ruins of the Castle (before 
 the Conquest). The Devil's Cavern, which is superior to any 
 other in Britain. Waterfall in the Navigation Mine which 
 falls 90 feet, wide enough to admit a boat, the stream flow- 
 ing from the entrance of the subterraneous passage to the 
 celebrated waterfall distance 300 yards. A romantic walk 
 through what is now called the Town Ditch between lime- 
 stone rocks, leads to the Basaltic Column. The Winnets 
 are stupendous rocks with the road winding between them. 
 Mam Tor or the Shivering Mountain has upon its sum- 
 mit an entrenchment; at the foot of it is Odin Mine, which 
 produces that beautiful spar called Blue John, also blend, 
 barytes, sulphate of iron, and manganese : there are ma- 
 ny other mines in the neighbourhood that produce a va- 
 riety of minerals and fossils. Many rare plants are fouijd 
 upon the rocks in this village. A guide may be had here 
 by those who wish to visit Elden Hole, three miles distant. 
 Upon Millstone Edge Moor, between Castleton and Hather- 
 sage, is the Carles Work. The road from Castleton to Bux- 
 ton is very grand, with mountains on each side, of which 
 Mam Tor or the Shivering Mountainis the most conspicuous. 
 
 Hathersage, 5 m. e. of Castleton. In the Ch.-yard 
 two stones are shown, as pointing out the spot where Lit- 
 tle John the companion ol Robin Hood was buried. Above 
 the Ch., on Camp Green, is a circular entrenchment. On 
 Hathersage Moor is Cairs Works, consisting of rocking 
 stones, rock basons, tumuli, and Cairs Chair. 300 yards 
 from the above is Higgar Tor and rocking-stone. a. 
 
 Tideswell, 8 m. n.w. from Bake well. Ancient tombs 
 in the Ch. Chee Tor near Wormhill. 3 in. from Tideswell 
 is the ebbing and flowing Well. 
 
 Evam, 1 iii. n. of Stoney Middleton. Sloac Cross in 
 
 the
 
 DERBYSHIRE. 
 
 the Ch.-yard, supposed Danish. Bossen Hole, and several 
 other caverns. A collector of fossils for sale resides here. 
 
 Stoney Middleton, 5 m. s. of Hathersage. Neat oc- 
 tagon Ch. Scenery in Middleton Dale. St. Martin's bath 
 and warm springs in the Ch.-yard. 
 
 Ash ford, 2 m. n. of Bakewell. Between Ashford and 
 Tidcswell is Monsal Dale, admired for its charming roman- 
 tic scenery, enriched by a beautiful cascade ; ascend an 
 eminence called the Great Finn, which overlooks the dale. 
 In this village are large marble works. 
 
 Bakewell. The west doorway of the Ch. is Saxon, 
 withinside some curious monuments. In the Ch.-yard an 
 ancient Cross rudely sculptured. See Watson's Collec- 
 tion of Minerals and Fossils. Near the town is a cotton- 
 mill. 2 m. s. by e. is Haddon Hall, an ancient mansion. 
 Oil Stanton Moor (two miles south of Haddon Hall and four 
 miles from Bakewell) are rocking stones, rock basons, bar- 
 rows, and Drnidical circles, a.. 3 m from Bakewell is 
 Chatsworth, the celebrated seat of the Duke of Devonshire. 
 
 Birchoves, 2 m. n. from Winster. Rowter rocks; as- 
 cend them by Rowter Hall. Bradley Tor a Tolmen. Car- 
 cliff rocks and Hermitage. Two upright stones called Ro- 
 bin Hood's Stride, i m. \\ of these rocks are the Nine La- 
 dies, aDruidical circle. 200 yards x. of the Nine Ladies is 
 a circular work called Castle Ring, (iorse Stone. m. n. 
 of Rowter is Andlestone, Cats-stone, and Echo Cave. Near 
 Stanton a curious rock, with Latin inscriptions, a. 
 
 Winster, 5 m. w. of Matlock. On the common are se- 
 veral cairns or stone barrows, and two or three earth bar' 
 rows. Near this town is found black wad, an ore of man- 
 ganese ; if half a pound of this be dried before a tire, and 
 afterwards suffered to cool for about an hour, and then 
 two ounces of linseed oil gradually poured on it, mixing 
 them loosely like barm with flour, little clots will be form- 
 ed, and in something more than half an hour the whole 
 will gradually grow hot, and at last burst into a flame. 
 
 Matlock. Thj scenery at Matlock is grand, sublime, 
 and beautiful. On an eminence above the Ch. is Hirst 
 Stones like a cromlech. At Matlock Bath, the baths, Smed- 
 ley's Cavern, Cumberland Cavern; Petrifying Spring, 
 which turns wood into stone. Repository for spur orna- 
 ments.
 
 DERBYSHIRE. 
 
 ments. Handsome walks catted the Heights of Abraham, 
 and a pleasant walk from the bridge by the river side. 
 Cotton manufactory. Willersley Castle, the seat of Mr. Ark- 
 wright, son of the late Sir R. Arkwright. Between two 
 and three miles from Matlock is the Lumbs smelting-house 
 where red-lead is made. b.e. 
 
 Alfreton. 2 m. s.e. of Alfreton is Swanwick, where 
 a great variety of fossils is found, particularly impressions 
 of plants, butterflies, beetles, &c. ; Mr. Tatlow has a fine 
 collection. 4^ m. s.s.e. from Alfreton are the remains of 
 Codnor Castle ; and 6 m. n.e. by n. is Hardwick Hall, a 
 seat of the Duke of Devonshire, where may be seen some 
 tine paintings, b.e. 2 m. w. from Alfreton are the beautiful 
 ruins of Wingfield House. 
 
 Crich, 4 m. w. from Alfreton. In Linda Spring Wood 
 near Crich are fifty-three pits, twenty-eight in one row and 
 twenty-three in another, supposed to have been hiding- 
 places of the Britons, a. 
 
 Ash over, 5 m. n.e. from Matlock. In the Ch. is a very 
 ancient font, and some ancient monuments. On the com- 
 mon is a rocking-stone called Robin Hood's Mark. About 
 200 yards from this, a rock called the Turning Stone, a. 
 
 Wingerworth, 3 m. n.e. from Ashover. The Hall, a 
 scat of Sir H. Hunloke, bart. On Stainedge Cliff are seve- 
 ral rock basons, and two seats supposed augurial. a. 
 
 Chesterfield. Twisted spire to the Ch. Iron-works. 
 In the iron-stone found here are many vegetable impres- 
 sions. Carpet manufactory. 
 
 Whittington, 3 m. from Chesterfield. The Revolu- 
 tion House, a public house, the sign of the Cock and Pynot. 
 
 G.M. 
 
 Bolsover, 6 m. e. from Chesterfield. The magnificent 
 castle of the Duke of Portland : at the south end of the 
 garden is a very curious decayed fountain, with a figure of 
 Venus in alabaster. In the Ch. is a noble monument to 
 Sir Ch. Cavendish (b.e.), and a curious carved stone near 
 the altar, cb. 
 
 Dale, 8 m. n.e. from Derby. Ruins of the Abbey 
 (temp. Hen. II.). The Chapel; and near is Baker's Hermi- 
 tage or Cave. 
 
 FlonoN, 2 m. from Wiiks worth. Harborough Rocks, 
 vol. ii, d Dutwood
 
 DERBYSHIRE; 
 
 .Dutwood Tor rocks, s. end of HartleMoor, on *hich ar4 
 rock batons, a. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Near Derby. Quartz pebbles, haematites or blood- 
 stones, magnesian limestone (B. M. 217) : at Breedon *. 
 
 At Ricklow and Highlow near Moneyash. Purple 
 veined marble and bird's eye marble. 
 
 Near Buxton. Balls of sulphate of barytes (B. M. 9G.) 
 Crystals called Buxton diamonds. 
 
 Chellaston near Derby. Selenite and a variety of 
 gypsums. Fibrous gypsum called Roche Plaster. 
 
 Castleton. -Stellated Stalactite. Varieties of fluor, 
 selenites, crystals like Buxton diamonds, sulphur, asphal- 
 tum or hardened rock oil. Slickensides. Galena (/J. Mi 
 392). Elastic bitumen (B. M. 137.) Yellow ochre : 
 5n Waterhall Cavern. Retepores, sea fan, spines of the" 
 echini. Entrochi. Anomiae. Terebratulae. Ostreopectines. 
 Buccinites and wheat stone, also ore of cobalt. 
 
 Ashfoud. Black marble. Threaded cauk nr barytes. 
 Petroleum or rock oil. Cornu Ammonis, ike. 
 
 Bakewell. Petrosilex or chert. Rotten stone {B. M, 
 240). Arborescent and moss-like barytes {B. M. 42s, 429). 
 
 Eyam. Amber-coloured and transparent spar. Ramose 
 white cauk or barytes. Arsenical pyrites. Cockscomb 
 pyrites. Variety of lead ores. Potters lead ore. Sparry 
 lead ore. Oxide of zinc or Calamine, coralioides, poipites. 
 Moonstone. Blende. 
 
 Matlock. Green stalactite. Honeycomb tophus. Green 
 and blue tophus. Rhomboidal spar. Hexagonal spar. Hair 
 or capillary gypsum. Plumose gypsum : the two last in 
 Cumberland Aline. Smooth quartz. Pale amethystine 
 and other quartz crystals. Green chert or petrosilex. 
 Black chert. Dark green chert. Cubic lead ore: upon 
 Masson-hill. Plumose lead ore : from Dimple Mine. Li- 
 ver-coloured copper ore. Green satin copper ore. Dark 
 brown ochre. Zinc crystallized. Bone calamine : from 
 Massons Hill. Dogstooth spar calamine. Stalactitical ca- 
 lamine. Madrepores. Entrochus. Anofniae. Toadstone. 
 
 * Magnesian limestone is injurious to the agriculturalist, 
 this ui Bieedon contains a fourth part of magnesia. 
 
 1 m.
 
 DERBYSHIRE. 
 
 I m. from Matlock, by the river side, greenish vitriolic py* 
 yites. Carbonate of zinc in Rutland Cave Mine. 
 
 Wirkworth. Dark brown stalactite. Stellated white 
 barytes. Variety of lead ores. Friable white lead ochre 
 or cerusse. Cavernous iron-stone or toft. Blende. 
 
 At Elton near Winster. Black wad or ore of manga- 
 nese. 
 
 Near Ashover. Double refracting spar. Entrochi or 
 screw-stones. Yellow fluor. Variety of pyrites. Galena. 
 Slick ensides. 
 
 Swan'wick near Alfre^on. Pyrites in coal. Muscle 
 shells. Iron-stone, with a great variety of impressions of 
 plants, insects, &c. Stellated iron ore. On the common a 
 red clay, used to colour deal so as to resemble mahogany. 
 PUkingtons Derbyshire. 
 
 fossils. 
 
 Coralloids : at Eyam. Madrepores : Matlock. Mil- 
 lepores : Middleton Dale and Bonsai. Tubipores : Mid-, 
 dleton Dale and Bonsai. Fungitae: HoptonMoor. Rete- 
 pores: Castleton. Sea fan: Castleton. Entrochus: 
 Castleton, Matlock, &c. Trochites : Bonsai Ley. Cor- 
 nu Ammonis : Ashford. Anomiae bivalve: Castleton and 
 Matlock: Terebratulse : Castjeton. Ostreopectines : 
 Castleton. Buccinites : Castleton. Tellinae: Ashover 
 and Hartington. Muscle shells in ironstone : at Tupton 
 and Chesterfield. Groups of flies in marble, a small alli- 
 gator : Ashford. A beetle in ironstone ; a butterfly ; a 
 variety of vegetable impressions : at Swanwich. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 My osurus minimus, Mouse-tail : coi*niields near Derby, 5. 
 
 Ornithogalnm luteum, Yellow Star of Bethlehem: cop- 
 per mill meadows near Derby, 4. 
 
 Thlaspi alpestrc, Alpine Shepherd's Purse: Matlock 
 Bath, 6, 7- 
 
 Cardamine impatieus, Impatient Lady's-smock : Mat- 
 lock Bath opposite Saxton's, 5, 6. 
 
 Draba murulis, Speedwell-leaved Whitlow-grass : Mat- 
 lock walls and rocks, 5. 
 
 B^iOjus sajcatilis, Stone Bramble : Matlock Bath, 6. 
 
 u 2 Laetuca
 
 DERBYSHIRE. 
 
 Lnctuca virosa, Strong-scented Lettuce : Matlock, 8, 9. 
 
 Serapias latifolia, Broad-leaved Helleborine : Matlock, 
 7,8. 
 
 Asplenium Rata muraria, White Maiden-hair or Wall- 
 rue : Matlock rocks. 
 
 Viola grandifiora or lutea, Yellow Mountain Violet : 
 Poole's Hole near Buxton, 5, 9. 
 
 Montia fontana, Water Chickweed : Buxton, Wirks- 
 worth, Pinxton, 4, 5. 
 
 Cardamine hirsuta, Hairy Ladies-smock : mouth of 
 Poole's Hole, Buxton, 5. 
 
 Prenanthcs muralis, Ivy-leaved Lettuce : near the De- 
 vil's Cavern, Castleton, J. 
 
 Thalictrum minus, Lesser Meadow-rue : Devil's Cavern, 
 Castleton, 6, 7- 
 
 Cochlearia officinalis, Common Scurvy-grass : Devil's 
 Cavern, Castleton, 5. 
 
 Vaccinium Oxycoccus, Cranberry: boggy mountains in 
 the Peak, 6. 
 
 Vaccinium Vitis Idcea, Red Whortle Berry: mountains 
 in the Peak, 6. 
 
 Empctrum nigrum, Black Crowberry: on the Peak 
 mountains, 5. 
 
 Saxifraga hypnoides, Mossy Saxifrage : hills at Castle- 
 ton, 6. 
 
 Saxifraga palmata, Palmated Saxifrage: hills at Castle- 
 ton, 5, 6. 
 
 Saxifraga pedatifida, Pedatifid Saxifrage: hills at Cas- 
 tleton, 5. 
 
 Erysimum cheiranthoides, Treacle Hedge Mustard : 
 near Ashborn, 7- 
 
 Campanula latifolia, Giant Bell-flower : between Ash- 
 bourn and Dovedale, 8. 
 
 Turritis glabra, Smooth Tower Mustard: between Ash- 
 bourn and Okeover, 5, 6. 
 
 Caucalis latifolia, Great Bur-parsley: Dovedale, 7- 
 
 Comarmn palustre, Marsh Cinquefoil: Tides well near 
 the Well, (i, 7- 
 
 Rhamnus Frangula, Berry-bearing Alder: Glasswell, <>. 
 
 Herniaria hirsuta, Hairy Rupture-wort : Dufneld, /, 8. 
 
 Sihne
 
 DERBYSHIRE. 
 Sileae nutans, Nottingham Catchfiy: Middleton Dale, 
 
 Nymphcea lutea, Yellow Water Lily : Trent and Win- 
 gcrworth ponds, 7- 
 
 Scrophularia nodosa, Knotty-rooted Figwort : Bolsover 
 Castle, 7- 
 
 Hieracium murorum, Wall Hawkweed : Pinxton near 
 Alfreton, 7- 
 
 Satyrium hircinum, Lizard Satyrium : Crich, 7- 
 
 Osmunda Lunaria, Moonwort: Dethick, 7- 
 
 Rosa villosa, Apple Rose: hedges near Hathersage, 6. 
 
 Acorns Calamus, Mvrtle Flag : Culthorpe near Chester- 
 field, 6. 
 
 Leonurus Cardiaca, Motherwort: Handley, 7, 8. 
 
 Myagrum sativum, Gold of Pleasure: Normanton, 6. 
 
 Geranium moschatum, Musk Geranium: Alfreton, 6, " 
 
 Serapios hngifolia, Narrow-leaved Helleborine : New- 
 ton Wood, 7, 8. 
 
 Myrica Gale, Sweet Gale : Wingerworth, 5. 
 
 Asplenium viride, Green Maiden-hair : Coxbench Wood. 
 
 Geum rivale, Water Avens with yellow flowers : Mat- 
 Jock Bath, 6, 7- 
 
 i)3
 
 DURHAM, 
 
 (Usually called the bishoprick of Durham,) had anciently 
 considerable privileges, and yet has several. It is a mari- 
 time county; has Northumberland on the N.German Ocean 
 on the k. Yorkshire on the s. and Cumberland on the w. 
 Its figure is triangular ; its circumference about 180 miles, 
 and it contains 1040 square miles. The airis considered sharp 
 and piercing, but more mild towards the sea, yet generally 
 very healthful. The aspect is mountainous. A ridge of 
 hills crossing the w. part is denominated the English Apen- 
 nines, and was so called by the Romans. The collieries, 
 manufactures of cannon and warlike implements, and va- 
 rious others, give great consequence to the county. The 
 cattle are fine. The chief rivers communicating with the 
 sea, are the Tyne, Wear, and Tees. 
 
 Darlington. The Coll. Ch. Linen and woollen ma- 
 nufactories. A Mill for giinding optical glasses. 1 m. 
 from Darlington is Grange Hall, the seat of G. Alien, esq. 
 containing a very extensive Museum of Natural History, 
 and some valuable paintings, b.e. 
 
 Stockton-u.^on-Tees, 10 in. s.e. from Sedgefield. 
 One of the handsomest towns in Durham. Near the Town- 
 bail is a column. Sail cloth-manufactory. Elegant Bridge, 
 and Salmon fishery, b.e. 
 
 Sedgefield, 10 m. n. from Stockt; v The Ch. a 
 mile w. is Hardwicke, the seat of M. Itussel, esq. with 
 beautiful plantations decorated with temples, ruins, &c. b.e. 
 
 Hartlepool, 12^ m. from Stockton. A fashionable 
 bathing-place. Near the Watergate is a chalybeate spring. 
 5 m. n. from Hartlepool are the Black Hails, the most sin- 
 gular and romantic cluster of cavernous rocks in the north 
 of England, b.e. 
 
 Castle Eden, 10 m. E.by s. from Durham. Here is a 
 
 handsome
 
 COUNTY OF DURHAM, 
 
 handsome seat of R. Burdon, esq. and some fine rock 
 scenery called Castle Eden Dean. b.e. 
 
 Sunderland. The magnificent Iron Rridge. Chaly- 
 beate spring near the barracks. Glass manufactory : in the 
 neighbourhood are freestone quarries. Very curious rocks 
 between Sunderland and Shields, particularly Marston 
 Rock. 3 m. from Sunderland is Hilton Cattle (circa Hen. 
 II.) and the ruins of a Chapel, b.e. 
 
 Jarrow, 5 m. e. of Gateshead. Ruins of the monastery 
 (684), containing some Saxon ornaments. Within the Ch. 
 curious inscription upon stone in the north wall; also the 
 chair of Venerable Bede the historian. r;.A. 
 
 Gateshead, adjoining Newcastle. Curious tomb in the 
 Ch. yard. Ruins of the Priory called St. Edmund's Hos- 
 pital. Manufactory of cast iron. On Gateshead Fell are 
 grindstone quarries, likewise some grand and beautiful 
 rock scenery. 1 m. w. at Swalwell, are large iron-works. 
 5 m. s. by w. is Ravensworth Castle, the seat of Sir T. H. 
 Liddel, bart. two of the towers partly in ruins and mantled 
 with ivy. 2 m. from Ravensworth is Gibside, the seat of 
 the Earl of Strathmore, where is a fine painting of Rubens 
 wife in a fruit-shop. The grounds are extensive and highly 
 ornamented, b.e. 
 
 Tanfield, 6y m. s.w. from Gateshead. At Causey 
 Burne is a remarkaole arch over a romantic dell, the span 
 is 103 feet. b.e. 
 
 Chesteb-le-Street, Cm. x. by e. from Durham. In 
 the Coll. Ch. (1186) curious monuments of the Luinley 
 family. Deanery House. In the neighbourhood are iron 
 and coal works. 1 m. e. is Lumley Castle (about Hen. II.), 
 a seat of the Earl of Scarborough, containing a great num- 
 ber of portraits. l m. n.e. from Lumly Castle is Lamb- 
 ton Hall, having pleasant grounds ; the ride through the 
 hanging wood is beautiful, b.e. 
 
 Lanchester, 7im. n.w. by w. from Durham. In the 
 Coll. Ch. (1283), painted glass. Half a mile s.w. from the 
 village, upon a fine eminence, is a Roman station, the most 
 perfect in the kingdom. At Greencroft, 1 m. from Lan- 
 chester, is one of the Roman Altars with an inscription; it 
 stands against the w. wall of Sir T. Claverings mansion: 
 near it are some other relics from this station. At the 
 
 ford
 
 COUNTY OF DURHAM. 
 
 ford are several rude sculptures in the garden wall found 
 in this station, b.e. 
 
 Durham. The Cathedral (995). On the octagonal 
 tower the famous basso-relievo representing two persons 
 and a cow, which occasioned the foundation of the cathedral. 
 The Castle, now the Bishop's Palace. The Bridge. New 
 County Jail. Fine view from St. Giles's Ch.-yard. Public 
 walks called the Banks. Opposite Old Durham is Maiden 
 Castle, a camp, from which is a fine prospect, b.e. 
 
 Bear Parks, 2 m. x.w. from Durham. Grand ruins of 
 an ancient mansion or villa of the Priors of Durham, and a 
 Chapel, b.e. 
 
 Finchall, 4 m. n.n.e. from Durham. Fine ruins of 
 the Priory (1196). b.e. 
 
 Brancepeth, 4 m. w.s.w. from Durham. The Castle 
 and Ch. monuments : in the Castle is the cradle of the 
 Earl of Westmoreland (1568). Between one and two miles 
 from this castle is Brandon Hill, from which is a view of 
 eight Castles; on the top is a remarkable tumulus, b.e. 
 
 Bishop Auckland. A fine palace of the Bishop of 
 Durham stands at the n. angle of the town. The Cha- 
 pel. The Coll. Ch. was founded 1239. On the n.w. side 
 of Bishop Auckland is Ne.vton-Cap-Bridge, built about 
 the year 1390. b.e. 
 
 Binchester, 1 m. n. by e. from Bishop Auckland. A 
 
 Roman station nearly obliterated. Wren, esq. the 
 
 lord of the manor, has a great collection of Roman antiqui- 
 ties found in this station, b.e. 
 
 Merrington, 4 m. e. from Bishop Auckland. The Ch. 
 has many Saxon remains; the prospect from it is wonder- 
 felly extensive. 2 m. s. is Windleston, the seat of Sir J. 
 Eden, bart. containing a valuable collection of antiquities. - 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Whittox, 5 m. w. from Bishop Auckland. A fine Cas- 
 tle. G.A. 
 
 Stanhope. The Castle Hill. Near the town on the 
 north is a cavern. Stanhope Hall, a spacious old building. 
 Lead mines, b.e. 
 
 St. Johns Weardale. Near Harehope Bourne is a 
 singular piece of antiquity called the Castles, a kind of 
 Camp encircled with loose pebbles, b.e. 
 
 MmnEETON.
 
 COUNTY OF DURHAM. 
 
 Middleton. 2 m. from Middleton is Winch Bridge, 
 suspended on two iron chains sixty feet in length, and fifty 
 feet above the river, over a tremendous chasm. 3 m. 
 further is the High Force, a grand cataract. 4 m. above 
 High Force is Cauldron Snout, another cataract of great 
 sublimity. Near are many curious plants. 
 
 Egleston, 5$ m. n.n.w. from Barnard Castle. At 
 Egleston House are some beautiful grounds ; in the garden 
 a great collection of curious plants. In the vicinity arc 
 lead' mines. The prospect from Nemel Edge is very fine. 
 I m. n. are the Standing Stones and large barrow, b.e. 
 
 Barnard Castle. Fine ruins of the Castle. Curious 
 font in the Ch. On Barnard Castle Moor is Bail Hill, for- 
 tified by a breastwork. It is worthy of remark that this 
 neighbourhood is the scenery of Rokeby, a celebrated poem 
 written by Walter Scott, esq. 
 
 Staindrop or Stainthorpe, 6 m. e. by n. from Bar- 
 nard Castle. In the Ch. (time of Hen. IV.) some fine mo- 
 numents. 1 m. n. is Raby Castle (about Hen. II.), the 
 magnificent seat of the Earl of Darlington. On Cockfield 
 Fell, n. of Raby, are many ancient entrenchments. A place 
 called the Dyke is esteemed curious, b.e. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Wolsingham, 6 m. s.E. by e. from Stanhope. A beau- 
 tiful black spotted limestone, and near are millstone quar- 
 ries. 
 
 Gateshead. Upon the Fell are grindstone quarries. 
 Firestone in various parts of the county. Lead mines in 
 Teesdale and Weardale. 
 
 Sunderland. Coal mines. Botryoidal limestone or 
 iwine stone, called building hill stone (B. M. 38). 
 
 South Shields. Salt works. 
 
 rare plants. 
 Schcenus Marucus, Prickly Bog-rush : Hell Kettles near 
 Darlington, 7, & 
 
 Panicum viride, Green Panic-grass : Sunderland ballast 
 hills, 7- 
 
 Panicum sangulnale, Cock's-foot Panic-grass : Sunder- 
 land ballast hills, 7- 
 
 Setlvnu
 
 County of durham. 
 
 Sesleria ccprulea, Blue Moor-grass : limestone hills be- 
 tween South Shields and Cleadon, 4. 
 
 Cynosurus echinatus, Rough Dogs-tail Grass : St. An- 
 thony ballast hills, 7- 
 
 Galium Jfltheringii, Rough-heath Bedstraw : banks of 
 ponds at Lambton, 7- 
 
 Pnlmonaria officinalis, Common Lungwort : Cliff Wood 
 G miles from Darlington, 5. 
 
 Primula farinosa, Bird's-eye Primrose : near Hilton 
 castle and Egleston, 6, 7- 
 
 Campanula latifolia, Giant Bell-flower : near Middleton 
 and Barnard Castle, 8. 
 
 Ribes spicatum, Spiked Currants : by the Tees between 
 Piersbridge and Gainsford, 5. 
 
 Gentiana verna, Spring Gentian : Teesdale Forest, 4. 
 
 Erimgium campestre, Field Eryngo :Sunderland ballast 
 hills, 7,^8. 
 
 Imperatoria OstrUthium, Masterwort : at Newbiggen 
 near Middleton, and Dardree Shield Wear, 6. 
 
 Di'osera longifoliai Ldng-leaved Sundew: Whey Sike, 
 Teesdale Forest, 7, 8. 
 
 Myomrus minimus, Mouse-tail : fields near Darlington, 5. 
 
 Ornithogalum luteum, Yellow Star of Bethlehem: near 
 Greta Bridge, and Barnard Castle near the river, 4. 
 
 Trientulis europcea, Winter Green: alum works near 
 Carleton Gisborough, and Waskerly Park near Wolsing- 
 ham, 5, 6. 
 
 faccinium uliginosum, Great Bilberry : Meldon Fell and 
 moor near Cronkley Fell, 4, 5. 
 
 ArbutUs Uva~ur$i, Red-berried Arbutus : Cronkley Fell, 
 near Caldron Snout, 6. 
 
 Pyrola rotundifolia, Round-leaved Winter-green: n. 
 branch of Castle Eden, Dean, and Birch Car, 7- 
 
 Pyrola minor, Lesser Winter-green: Cocken Wood 
 and Teesdale Forest, 7- 
 
 Saxifragastellaris, Hairy Saxifrage : EglestonMoor, 6,7 
 
 Saxifraga aizoides, Yellow Mountain Saxifrage : banks 
 of the Whey Sike, and Middleton Forest, 7> 8. 
 
 Scleranthus peremus, Perennial Knawel : fields about 
 Gateshead, 10, 11. 
 
 Silenc
 
 COUNTY OF DURHAM. 
 
 Silene angliva, English Catchfly : Sunderland ballast 
 hills, 7. 
 
 Silene noctiflora, Night-flowering Catchfly : Sunderland 
 hallast hills, 7- 
 
 Arenaria verna, Vernal Sandwort : on Cronkley Fell 
 and Caldron Snout, 5, 8. 
 
 Sedum villosum, Ha'ry Stonecrop : Cronkley Fell, 
 Sikes near Burley Ford, Weardale, Teesdale Forest, 6, 7- 
 
 Pyrus Aria, White Beam Tree: wood near Whince 
 bridge, 5. 
 
 Rosa villosa, Apple Rose: banks of the Derwent, and 
 near Darlington, 6. 
 
 Rubus Chcemcemorus, Mountain Raspberry: Cronkley 
 Fell, and Knoutberry Fell near Egleston, 6. 
 
 Potentilla fmticcsa, Shrubby Cinquefoil : at Wince 
 Bridge, and Mickle Force in Teesdale, 6. 
 
 Dryas octopetala, Mountain A vens : Cronkley Fell, 7> 8. 
 
 Cistus marifolius, Hoary dwarf Cistus : Cronklev Fell, 
 5,6. 
 
 Thalictnm alpinun, Alpine Meadow Rue: Cronkley 
 Fell and Caldron Snout, f>. 
 
 Thalictrum minus, Lesser Meadow Rue : Hartlepool, 
 near Shields and Sunderland, 6, 7. 
 
 Thalictrum mays, Greater Meadow Rue: Baydalcs, 
 near Darlington, and hedges near Barnard Castle, 6, 7- 
 
 Trollius europceus, Globe Flower : woods in Weardale, 
 near Morton, and Egleston, 5, 6. 
 
 Teucrium Chamcrdrys, Wall Germander: bank near the 
 Gateshead engine, 7- 
 
 Bartsia alpiua, Alpine Bartsia : banks of the Whey 
 Sike, Teesdale Forest, and near Middleton, 7- 
 
 Antirrhinum repens, Creeping Snapdragon : Hebburn 
 ballast, 7, !> 
 
 Diabo incana, Twisted-podded Whitlow-grass : Cronk- 
 ley Ft : nd walls in Teesdale, 5, 6. 
 
 AlysAiim sativum, Gold of Pleasure : Willington balla>t, 
 G. 
 
 Lcpidium latifolium, Broad-leaved Pepperwort : near 
 Seaton and Durham Abbey, 7- 
 
 Tklaspi alpestre, Alpine Shepherd's Purse : near Whince 
 Bridge, 6, 7- 
 
 Coronnpus
 
 COUNTY OF DURHAM. 
 
 Coronopiis didyma, Lesser Water Cress : near Hartle- 
 pool, and St. Anthony's ballast quay, 7- 
 
 Erysimum cheiranthoides, Treacle Hedge Mustard: 
 Sunderland ballast, hills, 7- 
 
 Tarritis hirsuta, Hairy Tower Mustard : Castle Eden 
 Dean, walls above Middleton and Cleadon Hills, 5. 
 
 Geranium Phceum, Dusky Crane's-bill : woods about 
 Darlington, 5, (i. 
 
 Geranium sylvaticum, Wood Crane's-bill : New Bridge 
 Wood at Durham, Castle Eden and Scots Wood, 6, 7- 
 
 t^icia stjlvatiea, Wood Vetch: woods near Barnard Cas- 
 tle and Eglesfon, 7, & 
 
 Astragalus hypoglottis, Purple Milk Vetch : near Sea- 
 ton, St. Anthony's ballast hills, near Shields, 6, 7- 
 
 TrifoUuin maritimum, Teasel-headed Trefoil : Sunder- 
 land ballast hills, and Willington Ballast, 6, 7- 
 
 Hypericum Androscemum, Tutsan St. John's Wort: near 
 Darlington, " , 8. 
 
 Crepis biennis, Rough Hawkweed : Sunderland ballast 
 hills, (I, 7. 
 
 Carduus helcruphyllus, Melancholy Thistle : near Bnr- 
 try-ford, Weardale, 1 , 8. 
 
 Gnaphalium dioicum, Mountain Cudweed: Gateshead 
 Fell and Teesdale Forest, 6, J. 
 
 Erigeron canadense, Canada Fleabane: Sunderland bal- 
 last hills, 8, !>. 
 
 Orchis ustulata, Dwarf Orchis : s. side of Bolden hill;-:, 
 e. side of Cleadon hills, (>. 
 
 Satyrium albidmn, White Satyrium : near Winco Bridge, 
 and the Wey Sike, Teesdale Forest, 6. 
 
 Ophrus cordata, Least Twayblade : Gold Hill near Mug- 
 gleswick, and among the ling in Charnberry, 7 
 
 Ophrys muscifera. Fly Orchis : s. branch of Castle den 
 Dean, 6. 
 
 Malaxis pahtfosa, Marsh Twayblade: Middleton in 
 Teesdale, in Charnberry near Egleston, among bog moss, 7- 
 
 Cypripedium Calceolus, Ladies Slipper: the \\ branch 
 of Castle Eden Dean, 6 
 
 Serapias longifulia, Marsh Helleborine. Castle Eden 
 Dean opposite the Old Soldier's House, 7, 
 
 vol. ii, r. Car ex
 
 COUNTY OF DURHAM. 
 
 Carex dioica, Separate-headed Carex : Teesdale Forest, 
 bogs at Hilton and near Darlington, 5, 6. 
 
 Urtica pilulifera, Roman Nettle : Sunderland ballast 
 hills, 4, 5. 
 
 Empetrum nigrum, Crowberry: moors near Newcastle, 
 on Beamish Moor, 5. 
 
 Rhodiola rosea, Rose Root : Maes Beck, 5, 6. 
 
 Atriplex pedunculata, Sea Orache : Hartlepool, 8, 9. 
 
 Equisetum sylvaticum, Wood Horsetail : woods about 
 Newcastle. 
 
 Osmunda Lunaria, Moonwort ; fields near Marsdcn 
 rocks and moor above Beamish, 7- 
 
 Lycopodium selaginoides, Prickly Club Moss : Gates- 
 head Fell and Cronkley Fell. 
 
 Lycopodium alpinum, Alpine Club Moss : Cronkley 
 Fell and near Egleston. 
 
 Polypodium Phegopteris, Pale Mountain Polypody : 
 Cawsey Wood. 
 
 Polypodium Dryapteris, Three-branched Polypody: 
 Cawsey Wood. 
 
 Asplenium viride, Green Spleenwort: near Middleton 
 and Cronkley Scar. 
 
 Asplenium marinum, Sea Spleenwort: rocks near Mars- 
 den rocks w. of Hartlepool. 
 
 Pteris crispa, Rock Brakes : walls near Cronkley Fell, 
 rocks at Cocken. 
 
 Cyathcea dentata, Toothed Cup Fern: Cronkley Fell. 
 
 Anthemis maritima, Sea Chamomile: sea-shore near 
 Sunderland, 7- 
 
 Pyrola rosea, Rose-coloured Winter-green: Hyndon 
 Gill near Cockfield, 7.
 
 LANCASHIRE. 
 
 This county is bounded on the n. by Westmoreland and 
 part of Cumberland, on the e. by Yorkshire, on the w. by 
 the Irish Sea, and on the s. by Cheshire : part of this coun- 
 ty is divided by the sea at Morecamb Bay; exclusive of 
 this detached part its length is about 60 miles, and its 
 breadth at its s. end about 45 miles, and contains 1806 
 square miles. The climate is found to be wet in propor- 
 tion to others, arising from its locality to the Irish Sea and 
 the range of hills which bounds its eastern border ; it is 
 nevertheless a very healthy county, and the inhabitants na- 
 turally vigorous, active, and long-lived. The scenery to- 
 wards the north and detached part partakes of the roman- 
 tic character of the adjoining counties. The county abounds 
 in bogs, or what are generally called mosses, not yet ren- 
 dered profitable or useful. The inland navigation of this 
 county has rendered most important facilities and benefits 
 to its numerous manufactories, the more immediate atten- 
 tion to which renders its agricultural consequence of infe- 
 rior consideration. 
 
 Manchester. Cotton manufactories and others of the 
 greatest consequence, the largest in the kingdom. Infir- 
 mary; public baths. Commercial Building. Portico. The- 
 atre. Collegiate Library and old Bridge. 2 m. is Ancoats, 
 the ancient seat of Sir Oswald Mosley, bart. 4 m. n. is 
 Heaton House, the elegant seat of Lord Grey de Wilton ; 
 from the temple in the park is a fine view. h. 
 
 Ashton-under-Line, 7 m. e. from Manchester. 3m. 
 n. from Ashton is Hartshead Pike, formerly a beacon; from 
 it a delightful and extensive view. h. 
 
 Burnley. Near is Townley Hall, the beautiful seat of 
 J. Townley, esq. with a fme collection of portraits. On 
 Worsthoni Moor near BrierclifFis an angular fort. On the 
 top of Twist Hill is another fort or encampment, called 
 Twist Castle: eastward of the latter is a circular entrench- 
 ment. B.F. 
 
 C\i.\r. Ch. monuments and font. Cotton manufacto- 
 k 2 ry.
 
 LANCASHIRE. 
 
 ry. Emmet Hall, the seat of R. Emmet, esq. has many 
 good portraits ; near the house is a Cross and Cold Bath.n.E. 
 
 Clitheroe. Ruins of a Castle. 2 m. s. by k. is the iofry 
 and celebrated Pendlc Hill, one of the highest mountains in 
 England ; upon the summit are two large cairns, from which 
 the views are very extensive: this mountain is between Cli- 
 theroe and Colne. b.e. 
 
 Wh alley, 4 m. s. by w. from Clitheroe. Fine ruins of 
 its ancient Abbey (129G). In the Ch.-yard are three Crosses. 
 The manor house of Henry Beaumont, esq. is extremely cu- 
 rious wif hinsidc (supposed to have been buill in the reign 
 of Hen. VII.). Brovvsholme, the seat of T. L. Parker, esq. 
 is a grand ancient building, containing a valuable collection 
 of Roman and other antiquities ; amongst the latter is the 
 original silver seal of the Commonwealth, also some fine 
 paintings and painted glass. Near Whalley is Clerk Hill, 
 the seat of Lf$dy Whalley Smythe Gardiner, finely situated, 
 commanding a fine view of the Pendlc mountains. 
 
 Ribchester, h\ m. n.n.w. from Blackburn. Near the 
 Ch. are the remains of a rampart and foss. Many verv cu- 
 rious Roman antiquities have been found in this village. 
 The parochial Chapel of Stede is worthy the notice of the 
 antiquary, b.e. 
 
 Mellor, 3m. n.w. from Blackburn. At Wood Fold are 
 the magnificent scat and beautiful grounds of II. Sudell, 
 esc. The views from the two fronts are particularly pleas- 
 ing. Opposite the s. front is a rock upon a bed of alumi- 
 nous earth. 2 m. w. of this rock is the old mansion of 
 Houghton Tower, now in ruins. r,.r.. 
 
 Preston. An elegant town with beaut if til Public Walks, 
 Town Hall, Assembly Rooms, and New Bridge. The Ju- 
 bilee or Carnival is every twenty years, the last was in IS ( '2. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Blackpool, 12 m. s.w. from 0~.rtang. This is a sea 
 bathing-place with very extensive sands, in which the ^ting- 
 fish sometimes annoy the bather. Old house called Vaux- 
 hall. Pennystone. b.e. 
 
 Garstang, 1 1 m. s. by e. from Lancaster. In the vici- 
 nity are several cotton and calico mamaactories. 1 m. n.k. 
 from the town are the ruin of Grecnhaugh Ca.-'Ie. d.i:. 
 
 Laniaster. The Castle and extensive view from the
 
 LANCASHIRE. 
 
 top. Ch. Monuments. Shire Hall. John of Gaunt's Oven. 
 Crown Hall. Elegant Bridge. Front of Mr. Nohie's house. 
 1 m. n.e. is the grand Aqueduct Bridge. 3 m. s. is Ashton 
 Hall, the seat of the Duke' of Hamilton, with a fine collec- 
 tion of pictures. 4 m. w. are the ruins of St. Patrick's Cha- 
 pel. 8 m. n. uponWarton Crag is a British entrenchment 
 with three walls ; below these to the n.w. are three rock- 
 ing stones, a. 
 
 Hornby, 10m. n.e. from Lancaster. Castle. Ch. tow- 
 er. 2 m. n. is Thurland Castle. 5 m. n. at Overborough 
 are the remains of a Roman entrenchment. In the road from 
 Overborough to Lancaster is a Roman milestone with an 
 inscription. 3 m. s.w. from Hornby, in the Lancaster road, 
 is Mr. Gray's celebrated view of the Vale of Lonsdale, b.e. 
 
 Kellet, 6* m. n. by e. from Lancaster. Near this vil- 
 lage is Dunal Mill Hole, not the most pleasant to explore. 
 
 Cartmel, o' m. e. from Ulverston. Priory Ch. (1188) 
 and fine monuments. Near is Holker Hall, the seat of Lord 
 George Cavendish, containing some good paintings. On the 
 summit of Warton Crag are a square entrenchment and the 
 ruins of a beacon, h. Near are three rocking stones, a. 
 
 Ulverston. A short distance is Coningshead Priory 
 (temp. Hen. II.), the seat of VV. Bradyll, esq. with beautiful 
 gardens and grounds. 3 m. w. are Whit rig's iron-mines, h. 
 
 Dalton.o^ m. from Ulverston. Ruins of a Castle, and 
 bold situation of the Ch. h. 
 
 FuRNEss,7m. s.w. from Ulverston. Beautiful ruins of 
 the Abbey (1127). Near are iron-mines. 5 m. s.w. is Peele 
 Castle in the Isle of Walney. Near Adgarly are the ancient 
 ruins of Gleaston Castle: from the beacon near Urswick are 
 beautiful land and sea views, h. [For an account of the 
 Lakes, see Cumberland]. 
 
 Chokley, 8 m. x. from Wigan. Painted glass in the 
 Cb. In the neighbourhood are quarries of flag, slate, ash- 
 ler and millstones ; likewise lead and alum; also several 
 cotton manufactories. 3 m. s. is Adlington Hall, the seat 
 of Sir R. Clayton, bart. containing a valuable collection of 
 pictures. 3 m. n.w. at Shaw Hall is a fine museum of An- 
 tiquities and Natural Histoiy. h. 
 
 North Meals, 8 m. n.n.w. from Ormskirk. Southport 
 in this parish is a fashionable bathing-place, with fine sands 
 and a good inn. b.e. 
 
 E3 ORM3KIRK.
 
 LANCASHIRE. 
 
 Okmskirk. TheCh. is singular, from having the *tec-i 
 pie and tower detached ; withinside arc curious monu- 
 ments. 2 m. n. are the remains of Burscough Priory (temp. 
 Rich. I.). Lathorn House, the scat of Edward Bootle Wil- 
 braham, esq. is a magnificent building; in the park a cha- 
 lybeate spring. Aahhurst Beacon, a sea-mark, crowns the 
 summit of a hill, from which the views are extensive, n.r,. 
 
 Sephton or Sefton, 8 m. n. from Liverpool or 12 m. 
 from Manchester. Ince Blundel, the seat of H. Blundrl, 
 esq. has a superb and valuable collection of statues, bust?, 
 basso-relievos, Roman antiquities, and marbles, also many 
 fine pictures, b.e. 
 
 Liverpool. Ch. Docks. Exchange Town Hall. Athe- 
 naeum. Theatre. Assembly Booms. Museum. Lyceum: 
 and Botanic Garden. Upon Billinge Ilili is. an ancient bra- 
 con, from which is an extensive prospect. Several of the new 
 churches have their Gothic ori-iaments made of cast iron. u. 
 5 m. e. at Speke Hall, in Childwell parish, is a curious 
 carved chimney piece, a. Everton, 2 m. a beautiful village, 
 and fine view of the river Mersey. 
 
 Prescot, 8 m. e. from Liverpool. Manufactory of plate 
 glass at RavenheaJ is particularly worth notice : here are 
 likewise manufactories of wire, small tiles, coarse earthen- 
 ware, sail-cloth, and cotton ; also copper works. Neai is 
 Knowsley Park, an ancient seat of the Earl of Derby, with 
 a valuable collection of pictures, b.e. 
 
 Wi g a n. Large pottery. Brass and pewter- works. Can- 
 nel coal toy manufactory. At the north end of the town 
 is a monumental pillar. Spa spring. At Haigh, Aspinall, 
 and Hindlcy, are the Cannel or Candle coal pits. This coal 
 will hear a beautiful poiish when made into snuff-boxes, kc. 
 At Kaigh Hall, the seat of the Earl of Balcarras, are many 
 excellent pictures, and a summer-house built entirely with 
 Cannel coal. b.e. 
 
 Newton, 5 m. n. from Warrington. The windows of 
 Newton Hall have much painted glass ; behind the house 
 the rock is hollowed out in a very singular manner, b.e. 
 
 Warrington. Sail-cloth, pin, and glass manufactories. 
 Iron-foundry, and navigable canal to Liverpool and Man- 
 chester. Large copper-works near the town, and suga.- 
 houses. p. 
 
 JIe ysham, 4J m, w. from Lancaster At KeyiAam are
 
 LANCASHIRE. 
 
 five curious sepulchres hewn out of the solid rock. Gent^ 
 Maf;. for 1791, P . 612. 
 
 Hest Bank, 3 m. n. from Lancaster. A small seabath- 
 ing-place, with romantic scenery, h. 
 
 MINERALS AND FOSSILS. 
 
 Lead ore. Carbonate and sulphate of barytes : at An- 
 glesack near Chorley. 
 
 Mesotype or zeol.te with crystals (J3, M. p. 265). Iron 
 ore : near Daiton. 
 
 Haematitic iron ore: at Staunton 5 m. from Ulverston 
 (i. M. 17V). 
 
 Red haematitic iron ore (B. M. p. 56) : at Silverstein. 
 
 Blue slate : at Hawkshead. 
 
 Dendritical honestone or novaculite, called Mpcqa stones 
 (U. M. p. 355) : near Conistone. 
 
 Honentones (iJ. M. p. 355) : on Chorley Forest. 
 
 Cannel coal : at Ilaigh near Wigan. 
 
 Bituminous coal with shglis (B. M. 386) : near Wigan. 
 
 Flags and gray slate : at Holland near Wigan. 
 
 Hard carbonate of lime or flos-ferri (B. AI. 273) : at 
 Dufton. "fliere is a Dufton in Westmoreland, but I rind no 
 place of that name in Lancashire : I presume Mr. Sowerby 
 in his British Mineralogy means Daiton near Furness.) 
 
 Freestone quarries : near Lancaster. 
 
 Limestone of a peculiar quality used for terras : neay 
 Leigh and Ardwiek by Manchester. 
 
 Scythestones : at Rainford. 
 
 FCSSILS. 
 
 Impressions cf vegetables : in the coal-pits at Haigh. 
 Vertebrae of enchrinites : at Whitton. 
 
 RAKE PLANTS. 
 
 Circcea alpina, Alpine Enchanter's Nightshade : road- 
 side between Ulverston and Hawkshead, 7, 8. 
 
 Veronica spicata, Spiked Speedwell:- near Pennybridge, 
 7, 9. 
 
 Veronica hybrida, \\ elsh Speedwell: on Umpherhead a 
 a rock at Cartmel Fells, 7- 
 
 Eriophcrum vaginatum, Single-headed Cotton-grass : : 
 on Biackstone Edge sad Pillan Moss, 3, 
 
 Gullu^
 
 LANCASHIRE. 
 
 Galium borcalc, Cross-leaved Bedstraw: near Bolton 
 Abbey and Strid Rocks, 7- 
 
 Centunculus minimus, Bastard Pimpernel : at Newton 
 Cartmel on the marshes, 6, 7- 
 
 Pulmonaria maritima, Sea Lungwort : against Bigger 
 and on the west shore of the Isle of Walney, 7- 
 
 Menyanth.es nympheeoides, Fringed Buckbean : Moss 
 River near Hawkshead, 8. 
 
 Lobelia Dortmuimu, Water Lobelia: in Coniston-va- 
 ter, 7- 
 
 Impatient Noli-me-tangcre, Yellow Balsam : near Coni- 
 ston-water, 8. 
 
 Gentiana Pneumonanthe,M&rsh Gentian : Newton Heath 
 near Manchester, 8, 9. 
 
 Selinum palustre, Milk Parsley : sides of Ayside Tarn 
 3 m. n. of Cartmel, 7- 
 
 Drosera longijbliu, Long-leaved Sundew: on Ashton 
 Moss, 7, 8. 
 
 Allium Schcenoprasum, Chives : Cartmel Fell, 6\ 
 
 Convallaria multiflora, Solomon's Seal: Bigland Hall 
 woods, Cartmel, and Holker, 5, 6". 
 
 Andromeda polifolia, Marsh Andromeda : on Cau-r- 
 vay Moss, and Rusland Moss, Furness Fells, and Middle- 
 ton Moss near Lancaster, 6. 
 
 Saxifraga stellaris, Hairy Saxifrage : on Coniston Fells, 
 6,7. 
 
 Saxifraga aizoides, Yellow Mountain Saxifrage: on 
 Coniston Fells, 7, 8. 
 
 Saxifraga hypnoides, Mossy Saxifrage : on Coniston 
 Fells, 5, 6. 
 
 Asarum europauim, Asarabacca : near Preston, 5. 
 
 Spiraea salicff'olia, Willow-leaved Spiraea : roadside be- 
 tween Pool Bridge andColthouse ne;tr Hawkshead, 7- 
 
 Rubus saxutilis, Stone Bramble : in Dob Bottom near 
 Burnley, 6. 
 
 Papaver cambricum, Yellow Poppy : near'the Ferry- 
 house, Winandermere, also at Holker and Brathy, 6. 
 
 Trollius europceus, Globe Flower: Borough Hall park 
 and roadside near Dale Park in Furness, 5, 6. 
 
 Bartsia viscosa, Yellow Bartsia : Latham near Orms- 
 kirk, and Allerton near Liverpool, 7, 8. 
 
 Lathrc n
 
 LANCASHIRE. 
 
 Lathrcca Squamarla, Toothwort : Deepdale Wood and 
 Griesdale, 4. 
 
 Sisymbrium monetise, Dwarf Sea-rocket : Isle of Wal- 
 ney, (>, 7 
 
 Geranium sylvatlcum, Wood Cranes-bill: near the head 
 of Conis ton- water, 6, 7- 
 
 Fumaria solida, Bulbous Fumitory : near Ulverstone, 
 and between Cartmel and Kendal, 4, 5. 
 
 Tragopogon porrifotius. Purple Goat's-beard : on the 
 banks of the Chalder 2 miles from Whalley, 5, 6. 
 
 Ilupochccris maculata, Spotted Cat's-ear: on Ompher- 
 head Cartmel Fells, 7- 
 
 Serratulu afyjMa,Alpine Saw-wort : Brearcliff near Burn- 
 lry, 7, 8. 
 
 GnaphaTntm dioicum, Mountain Cudweed: Yealand 
 Common, (i, 7 
 
 Henecio saraccniciis, Broad-leaved Groundsel : Newbv 
 Bridge, 7, b. 
 
 Ophrys cordata, Least Tway-blade: near the beacon on 
 Pendle Hill, 7- 
 
 Malcwis paludosa, Marsh Tway-blade : between Rus- 
 land Chapel and Thwaile Moss, in Furness Fells, 7- 
 
 Cypripedium Calccoius, Lady's Slipper: Borough Hall 
 park, (i. 
 
 Hltodiola rosea, Rose-root : highest fell near Hawks- 
 head rocks in Fain Fells, 5, 6. 
 
 Atriplex laeininta, Frosted Sea Orache : Rarnsidc oppo- 
 site the Isle of Walney, 7 
 
 Osmtinda regalis, Flowering Fern: near Manchester 
 and onAshton Moss, 7 , 8. 
 
 Lyeopodium alplniv.a, Alpine Club Moss : near the 
 Holme 5 miles from Burnley, C'oniston Fells. 
 
 Polypodium Dryopteris, Three-branched Polypody : 
 common in this county. 
 
 Asplcnium marinum, Sea Spleenwort : stone quarry 
 near the road from Warrington to Winwick. 
 
 Ptcrls crhpa, Rock Brakes : Scouts near Burnley and 
 near Lancaster.
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE 
 
 Is bounded by the counties of Nottingham, Derby, War- 
 wick, Northampton, Rutland, and Lincoln. Its length is 
 about 35 miles, and its breadth 45 miles ; contains 816 
 square miles, and is 100 miles in circumference. The cli- 
 mate is mild and temperate. The proportion of pasture 
 land much exceeds that of arable. Cattle in its breeds 
 and improvements occupy much of the attention of its agri- 
 culturists, and particularly its sheep. There are consi- 
 derable manufactories for stockings ; otherwise its commerce 
 arises from its agricultural products. The principal rivers 
 are the Welland, Soar, and Anker, and many considerable 
 inland navigable canals. 
 
 Harborough. On the e. side of the town are traces of 
 an encampment, in an inclosure called King's Head Close. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Kibworth, 6 m. n.w. by n. from Harborough. Near 
 the hamlet of Kibworth Harcourt is an encampment with a 
 large mount, and near the Meeting-house a large barrow.B.E . 
 
 Hallaton, 6 m. n.e. from Harborough. 1 m. w. of the 
 town is an encampment with a lofty keep, called Castle 
 Hill. A quarter of a m. s.w. are traces of another Camp. 
 Ch. monuments, font, and stone seats, b.e. 
 
 Noseley, 7 ni. n. from Harborough. Ch. monuments, 
 font, painted glass, and stone seats. At Noseley Hail, the 
 seat of Sir A. Hesilrige, bart. are many fine pictures. b.e. 
 
 Skeffington, 9 m. e. by s. from Leicester. In the Ch. 
 a curious piscina, roodloft, and painted glass. Skeffington 
 Hall, the seat of Sir Lumley St. George Skeffington, bart. 
 has a good collection of paintings, b.e. 
 
 Lodingtov, 14 in. e. by s. from Leicester. In Conduit 
 Close is a curious building with a stone roof, it covers two 
 wells; to the s. are several entrenchments, b.e. 
 
 Burrow-on-the-Hill, 6 m. s. from Melton Mowbray. 
 Ch. monuments, and font. Near are the remains of an 
 entrenchment. In this neighbourhood in former time were 
 seated the monastic institutions of Melton Mowbray, Bur- 
 ton Lazars, Kirkby Bcler, Owston, Sec, b.e. 
 
 StAJ'LEFORD,
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE. 
 
 Stapeeford, 4 ! 2 m. f.. by s. from Melton Mowbray. Ch. 
 monuments, one by Rysbrac. Stapleford Hall, the seat of 
 the Earl of Harborough, ornamented with statues, basso- 
 relievos, arms, &c. n.E. 
 
 Belvoik, 7 in- w. by s. from Grantham. Relvoir Castle, 
 the superb mansion of the Duke of Rutland, stands upon 
 a steep hill, and commands a fine prospect. It is to be la- 
 mented that a fire in October 18 Hi burnt a portion of the 
 ancient part of this fine building, with some of the valuable 
 pictures. 
 
 Bottesford, 6" m. w.x.w. from Grantham. In the Ch. 
 arc many costly monuments of the Rutland family. n.E. 
 
 Frisby, 5 m. w.s.w. from Melton Mowbray. In this vil- 
 lage are two ancient stone Crosses; one of them at the 
 Hags is called Stump Cross, h.e. 
 
 Hadcliffe-on-the-Wkekk, 3 m. s.e. fiom Mount Sor- 
 rel. Near is Shipley Hill, a very large tumulus. n.E. 
 
 Leicester. A Roman milestone, with an inscription. 
 Jewry Wall, a Roman ruin. Roman Pavement nearly op- 
 posite the town prison. Keep of the Castle. Magazine 
 Gateway. Earthworks called Radykes or Rawdykes. Ruins 
 of the Abbey ( 1 143). Great Hall in the Newark . Assembly 
 Rooms and Library. Ancient font.; in St. Mary's and All 
 Saints churches. Theatre. The old house in which King 
 Richard III. slept previous to the battle of Bosworth: his 
 bedstead is shown at Temple, the seat of Mr. Babbi tig- 
 ton. The new Walk. Stocking manufactory- n.E. 
 Ratby, 4 m. n.w. from Leicester. In this parish is a 
 large entrenchment, from which is an extensive view. Neai 
 it a well called Holy Well. b.e. 
 
 Barrow-upon-Soar, lj m. n. from Mount Sorrel, is 
 famed for a hard blue limestone, which makes a lime su- 
 perior to terras. In the quarries are found fods'ii fish, coi - 
 nua Ammonis, and many bivalve fossils. n.E. 
 
 Castle Donxinoton, 4 m. w. from Kegworth. Don- 
 nington Park, the magnificent mansion of the Marquis of 
 Hastings, lias a very choice collection of pictures. To the 
 n. is Donnington Cliff, a very picturesque object. To. 
 
 Ashby-de-la-Zouch. Remains of Sir W. Hastings's 
 Castle. Ch. monuments, and an instrument of punishment 
 called a finger pillory. In former times there were several 
 monastic institutions in this neighbourhood, b.e. 
 
 Market
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE. 
 
 Market Bosworth, the field of battle between King 
 Richard III. and Henry Earl of Richmond (1485) is about 
 3 to. to the s.E. of the town (now inclosed). 3 in. n.w. 
 from Bosworth is Gcppeshall Hall, the elegant mansion of 
 Baroness Howe, with a fine collection of pictures, and 
 grounds highly ornamented, b.e. In Bosworth Ch. is 
 shown a brass cpm- of Rich. III. 
 
 Willolghby, 5 m. N. from Lutterworth. Near is a tu- 
 mulus called Crophill: many Roman antiquities have been 
 found near this village, n.d.e. 
 
 Cat-thorpe, 4 m. s. by e. from Lutterworth. At Cas- 
 tle Hills are vestiges of an encampment with the Roman 
 road passing through thecentrc. s. of this is another Camp 
 
 larger, u.i- 
 
 minerals and fossils. 
 
 Coal and lime : in Charwood Forest. 
 
 Reddish granite; at Mount Sorrel. 
 
 Limestone of a peculiarly good quality; (it m?vfccs a lime 
 stronger than terra?, and is generally used for the same 
 purpose as terras) : at Barrow. 
 
 Fossil fish, fessii plants, cornua Ammonis, bivalves, and 
 a variety cf ether fossils : found at Barrow 1 mile from 
 Mount Scrrei. 
 
 RASE PLANTS. 
 
 Scopus sykatlcus. Wood Rush : river side near Leices- 
 ter Abbey. 7- , . . , 
 Arurido Calamagrcstis, Small Reed Stocking A\ ood 
 
 near Leicester, 7- . . 
 
 Campanula patula, Spreading Bell-flower: drier parts 
 cf Euddon Wood and hedges adjoining, 7, 8. 
 
 Ouseuta Epiihymum, Lesser Dodder: on Nettles near 
 
 Gentiana campestris, Field Gentian : about Glcnfield 
 near Leicester, Stanford and East Leke, 9. 
 
 Drosera hnglfolia, Long-leaved Sundew: bogs on 
 Charnwood Forest, 7. 8. 
 
 Myosurus minimus, Mouse-tail Fish-pool Close and 
 Turn'hill Field near Loughborough, 5. 
 
 Fritillaria Meleagrh, Fritillary -.near Leicester, 4. _ 
 
 Acorns Caliimm, Myrtle Flag : near the abbey at Lei- 
 cester, about Normanton, 6. 
 
 vol. ii. * Polygonum
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE. 
 
 Polygonum Bistorta, Great Bistort : moist closes at 
 Humberston and Evington near Leicester, 6. 
 
 Chrysosplenium alternifolium, Alternate-leaved Golden 
 Saxifrage : east end of the outwoods Loughborough, 5. 
 
 Mentha gentilis, Bushy Red Mint : in the outwoods 
 near Loughborough, 8. 
 
 Mentha Pulegium, Penny Royal : about Quorndon in 
 Charley Forest, 9. 
 
 Limosella aqnatica, Mudwort : in a roadway leading 
 from the turnpike at Muston to Woolsthorpe, 7, 8. 
 
 Iberis nudicaulis, Naked-stalked Candy-tuft : on Bea- 
 con Hill and Swithland slate-pits, 5. 
 
 Cardamine impatiens, Impatient Ladies' Smock : among 
 crags on the summit of Beacon Hill, 5, 6. 
 
 Cardamine amara, Bitter Ladies-smock: in the out- 
 woods near Loughborough, 4, 5. 
 
 Geranium pratcn.se, Crowfoot-leaved Geranium : near 
 Loughborough and Leicester near the river, 6, 7- 
 
 Hyoseris minima, Swines Succory: Swithland slate-pits, 
 6. * 
 
 Carduus pratensis, Meadow Thistle : swampy closes at 
 Woodhouse near Buddon Wood, 6. 
 
 Gnaphalium sylvaticum, Highland Cudweed : on Char- 
 ley Forest near Beacon Hill and Waltham, 8. 
 
 Tussilago hybrida, Longer-stalked Coltsfoot : Dixley 
 Mill near Loughborough, 4. 
 
 Serapias hngifolia, Marsh Helleborine : Belvoir plan- 
 tations, and Wooilhouse near Buddon Wood, 7, 8. 
 
 Typha angustifolia, Lesser Reed Mace: in the Soar 
 near Leicester, 6", 7- 
 
 Equisetum sylvaticum, Branched Wood Horsetail : in 
 Buddon Wood. [Buddon Wood is near Woodhouse, not fat 
 from Mount Sorrel.] 
 
 Ostnunda Lunaria, Moonwort : closes between Oakley 
 Wood and Long Whatton near Loughborough, 7- 
 
 Lycopodium inuiidatum, Marsh Club Moss : in a bog 
 near Beacon Hill, Charley or Charnwood Forest. 
 
 Asplenium viride, Green Maidenhair Spleenwort : crags 
 on Charley Forest, at Beacon Hill. [Beacon Hill on Char- 
 ley or Charnwood Forest].
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 This groat county, the third with respect to size in the 
 kingdom, is bounded by Yorkshire (from which it is sepa- 
 rated by the Humber), by the German Ocean, Norfolk, Not- 
 tinghamshire, Leicestershire, Rutlandshire, Northampton- 
 shire, and Cambridgeshire. Its length is 70 miles, its great- 
 est breadth 45 miles, and it contains 2787 square miles, and 
 is 260 miles in circumference. The unhealthy reputation of 
 this county is vanishing daily, from the progress of draining 
 and cultivation. Its soil is much varied, and its geogra- 
 phical features marked by many irregularities ; and Lincoln- 
 shire may be said to present four great natural features, 
 each of which has a specific and nearly uniform character: 
 these are the heaths and sandy lands, the wolds, the marsh-r 
 es and fens. The manufactories are very inconsiderable, 
 and its chief trade is fat cattle. The principal rivers pass- 
 ing through the county are the Trent (which forms its N.w, 
 boundary), the Ancholm, Witham, Welland, and Glen. 
 
 Stamford. Churches, and magnificent monuments in 
 St. Martin's Ch. Earthworks of a Castle. Curious ruins 
 of St. Leonard's Pr. (temp. Hen. II.). Remains of the White 
 Friary. Town-hall and Theatre. 1 m, from Stamford is 
 the ancient and grand mansion of Burleigh, the seat of the 
 Marquis of Exeter, with a noble collection of pictures, n.d.e. 
 Hunnington Roman Camp, 5 m. n. from Grantham. 
 
 Lincoln. Roman gateway called Newport Gate. Mint 
 Wall, a part of the Roman wall. Ruins of a hypocaust. 
 Roman Pavement in the area of the cathedral cloisters. Re- 
 mains of the Castle. Cobs Hall and crypt under it. Cathe- 
 dral, and crypt beneath the vestry (1072). The library con- 
 tains several Roman antiquities. Two ancient Gateways in 
 Eastgate-street. Pottergate. Priory Gate. Lucy Tower. Two 
 watch-towers at the corner of the Chancellor's garden. 
 Gray Friars has a curious staircase. The Jews house, 
 Stonebow, a large tower gateway. The ancient bridge 
 called High Bridge. Theatre. The" Rev. Mr. Gordon's fine 
 collection of Roman antiquities found in the vicinity of Lin- 
 f 2 coin.
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 roln. 1 m. e. are the stone quarries. r.B. 8 m. s. are the 
 ruins of Somerton Castle, b.e. 5 m. s. is Dunstan's ])illar. 
 U.K. 7 ro. is Coleby Hall, with beautiful plantations orna- 
 mented with temples. 
 
 Torksey, / m. s - by e. from Gainshorough. Ruins of 
 a Castle, b.e. 
 
 Stow. 8 in. s.k. from Gainshorough. The Ch. has 
 Bona: curious remains of Saxon architecture in the door- 
 nays and chancel; the pulpit, font, and clock, are particu- 
 larly worthy of notice, b.e. 
 
 Gainsborolgh. Old hall called the Palace. Fine 
 Bridge. I m. n. uic earthworks called Castle Hills. At 
 Marton may be seen three consideiable pieces of the Ro- 
 man causeway, cb. 5 m. s. is Oate Burton, the seat of W. 
 Hutton, esq. from the Chateau battery a beautiful view.B.E. 
 
 Simttal, 12 m. n. from Lincoln. Near is Norton Place, 
 the scat of the late J. Harrison, esq. m.p. now of Sir Mon- 
 tague Chohneley, bait., with beautiful pleasure-grounds. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Filling ham, 9 m. n. from Lincoln. In this parish is 
 Summer Castle, a fine mansion of the Wray family, com- 
 manding extensive views ; in the grounds are traces of a 
 Roman Camp. b.e. 
 
 Bkoughton, 2t m. n.w. from Glanford Bridge. A tu- 
 mulus or barrow, and near it a petrifying spring. 
 
 Thornham or Thornton", 2 m. n. from Glanford 
 Bridge. Ruins of a Pr. (temp. Steph.) called Thornton 
 College, b.e. 
 
 Scalby and Mavtox, 4 m. s.w. by w. from Glanford 
 Bridge. Between these two villages is an ancient encamp- 
 ment. H.E. 
 
 San won, 5 m. n.w. by N. from Glanford Bridge. Near 
 are several barrows, b.e. 
 
 .\.i'L':hy, 5 m. n. from Glanford Bridge. A rampart 
 or earthwork, called Julian's Bower. b.e. 
 
 Ai'RBnHovfiH, HH m. w. from Barton-upon-Humber. 
 Earthworks of a Roman Camp called Countess Close ; 
 in it is a labyrinth called Julian's Bower, b.e. 
 
 Harrow, 5 m. e. from Barton-upon-Humber. About 
 I m. n.w. in a marsh, is a larye earthwork supposed Bri~ 
 fish, culled the Castle. Near arc several burrows, b.e. 
 
 Thornton'
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 Thornton, 8 m. e. from Barton. Grand ruins of (he 
 Abbey or College (1 139). On the downs west of Thornton 
 is a large Roman encampment, commanding very extensive 
 views, b.e. 
 
 Brocelesby, 8 m. n. by e. from Castor. Brocklesby 
 Park, the elegant seat of Lord Yarborough, containing a 
 fine collection of pictures. In the park are a handsome cha- 
 pel and elegant mausoleum upon a tumulus, b.e. 
 
 Clee, 2 m. s.e. from Great Grimsby. Ancient Ch. and 
 curious font. Near are the Blow Wells, deep circular pits. 
 Cleethorpe is much resorted to as a sea bathing-place, 
 having an excellent hotel, b.e. 
 
 Louth. Elegant Ch. Vicarage Gardens. Theatre. Car- 
 pet and blanket manufactories. Amwell Spring and St. 
 Helen's Well. 3 m. s. from Louth, at Haugham, is Skir- 
 beck Hill, from which issues a remarkable torrent of wa- 
 ter, at particular times only. 2gin. s.w. by s. at Tathwell, 
 is the seat of C. Chaplin, esq. and six oblong barrows. 6 m. 
 s.e. at Castle Carleton are the remains of a fortification 
 called Castle Hills, commanding very extensive views, c.b. 
 
 Maplethorpe, 7 m. n.e. from Alford Has a bathing- 
 house, and accommodations for visitors, b.e. 
 
 Burgh, 6| m. e. by s. from Spilsby Has a handsome 
 Ch. ; near are two tumuli, one called Cockhill. n.d.e. 
 
 Well, 1 m. s.s.w. from Alford. The Ch. is inform of 
 a Grecian temple. On the heath are three curious bar- 
 rows. 2| m. from Alford is Belleau Abbey and ancient Ch. 
 b.e. 
 
 Tupholme or Tupham, 5 m. w. from Homcastle. 
 Remains of a Priory (temp. Hen. II.). n.d.e. 
 
 Revesby, 6 m. s.s.e. from Horncastle. Revesby Ab- 
 bey (1 142), the seat of Sir Joseph Banks, bart. Near is an 
 encampment with a large lofty tumulus at each end. b.e. 
 2 m. from Horncastle, Scrivelsby, the seat of Mr. Dymoke, 
 who by virtue of the tenure of this manor is the champion 
 of England, which has descended to him from the Mar- 
 rnions ; the ancient gateway is well worth notice. 
 
 Somersby, 6 m. from Horncastle. In the Ch.-yard a 
 curious ancient Cross, a. 
 
 Tattershall. Coll. Ch. (17th of Hen. VI.) and painted 
 
 glass. Fine remains of a Castle (1433) by Lord Treasurer 
 
 f 3 Cromwell.
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 Cromwell. On a marsh 4 m. distant is Moor Tower, an 
 octagonal brick building. 3 m. is Kirkstead Abbey (1139). 
 
 h.K. 
 
 Boston. Elegant Ch. and Altar-piece ; the steeple is 
 one of the most beautiful in England. Theatre. Iron Bridge. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Algarkirk, 8 m. n.n.e. from Spalding Has a hand- 
 some Ch. In the Ch.-yard is a statue, said to be Algar Earl 
 of Mercia, A.D. 870. b.e. 
 
 Gedney, ly in. from Holbeach. Beautiful Ch. and 
 painted glass. 2 m. n. of South Sea Bank, in a field called 
 the High Doles, is an encampment with a double foss; two 
 others are in view, one at Sutton St. Edmond, the other at 
 As wie Grange . b.e. 
 
 Temple Breun, 7 m. n.w. by n. from Sleaford. Cu- 
 rious ruins of the Knights Templars Institution {ante 
 1185). N.D.E. 
 
 Ckoyland, 7 m. e. from Market Deeping. Abbey ruins 
 (948). Triangular bridge, one of the most curious in En- 
 gland. St. Guthlac's Cross, between Croyland and Spalding, 
 near Brotherhouse. 5 m. s.e. by e. is Thorney Abbey.B.E. 
 
 Bourn, 7 m. n. from Market Deeping. Earthworks of 
 a Castle ; near is a medicinal spring. 4 m. n.w. is Grinis- 
 thorpe Castle, the seat of the Earl of Lindsey. c.b. 
 
 Holbeach, 7 m. e. from Spalding. Near are rocks of 
 sandstone, and vast pits. c.b. 
 
 Inooldby, 4 m. n. from Corby. A circular entrench- 
 ment and tumuli called Round Hills, b.k. 
 
 Grantham. Ch. font, under the south aisle is a crypt. 
 The front of the Angei inn is curiously ornamented with 
 grotesque figures. 2 m. n. is Belton House, the seat of the 
 Earl of Brownlow, with many good pictures, and fine carv- 
 ing by Gibbons. In Bolton Ch. are some grand monuments 
 and painted glass. 3 m. s.w. is Harlaxton Manor-house, 
 a curious mansion decorated with painted glass, b.e. 
 
 Folkingham. s.e. of the town is a large encampment, 
 in the area a square keep ; the whole site claims attention. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Eden ham, 3| m. w.n.w. from Bourn. Ch. monuments. 
 Giimsthorpe Castle, the seat of the Earl of Lindsey, has, 
 a beautiful chapel and fijie collection of paintings, b.e. 
 
 Mi: i,!:.\L- ,
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 MINERALS AND FOSSILS. 
 
 I find no mention of any particular minerals in Lincoln- 
 shire : different species of clay, sandstone, building-stone, 
 
 and pyrites, are the principal. 
 
 A species of variegated spotted marble is found near 
 Stratton, between Lincoln and Gainsborough. 
 
 Building-stone quarries : 1 m. from Lincoln. 
 
 Sandstone rocks : near Holbeach. 
 
 Pyrites : are found in the clay. 
 
 The stone upon the western cliffs is said to abound with 
 fossil shells. 
 
 Cornua Ammonls or snakestones ; Astroites or star- 
 stones : near Belvoir Castle. 
 
 KARL' PLANTS. 
 
 Arrtndo epigejos, Wood Reed : ditches near Gainsbo- 
 rough, 7- , 
 Arundo Calamagrostis, Small Reed : fen near Revesby 
 
 Abbev, 7- ., , . 
 
 Bupleurum rotundifolium,Thorow-v?sx -. Carlby between 
 
 Stamford and Bourn, 7- 
 
 Bupleurum tenuissimum, Slender Thorow-wax : sea 
 banks near Boston, 7, 8. 
 
 CcucMis daucoides, Small Bur Parsley : Carlby near 
 Stamford, 6. 
 
 SsUnum palnstre, Marsh Milk Parsley: East Fen near 
 
 Revesby Abbey, 7. 
 
 Cicuta virosa, Water Hemlock ; East Fen near Reves- 
 by Abbev, 8. , 
 
 Statice reticulata, Matted Thrift: salt marshes near 
 Frieston, Leverton, and Fosdyke Wash, 7, 8. 
 
 Asparagus officinalis, Common Asparagus : meadows 
 near Holbeach, 8. 
 
 Monotropa Hypopitys, Yellow Buds-nest : Summer 
 Castle fir woods, 6. 
 
 Silene anglica, English Catchfly : among turnips ontae 
 
 Wolds, 7 . A 
 
 Stratiotes abides, Water Aloe or Soldier : near the 
 
 new bridge at Gainsborough, and fen ditches, 7- 
 
 Anemone puUatilla, Pasque Flower: Eercak and ^n, 
 
 coin heaths, 5. ,
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 Stachys gcrmanica, Downy Woundwort: near Colters- 
 worth 8 m. from Grantham, 7- 
 
 Astragalus hypoglottis, Mountain Milk-vetch : Grant- 
 ham Heath, (5, / 
 
 Gnaphaliv.m dioicum, Mountain Cudweed : Grantham 
 Heath, 6, 7- 
 
 Snnecio paludosus, Marsh Groundsel : near Hare Booth 
 by the river Witham, near Bradford- water $m. from Lin- 
 coln, 6, 7- 
 
 Cineraria palustris, Marsh Fleawort : East Fen near 
 Revesby, 6, 7- 
 
 Orchis ustulata, Dwarf Orchis : Bernak Heath near 
 Stamford, 6. 
 
 Ophrys aranifera, Spicier Ophrys : old stone-pit near 
 Barneck, 4. 
 
 Myriophyllum verticillatum, Verticillate Water Milfoil : 
 near Boston, 7- 
 
 Hippophde rhanmoides, Sea Buckthorn: sea beach at 
 Skegness, 5. 
 
 Atriplex pedunculata, Pedunculated Sea Orach : near 
 Skirbeck Ch.-yard \ m. from Boston, 8, 9. 
 
 Qsmuitda Imuiriu, Moonwort : Lincoln Heath, 7-
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND, 
 
 The most northern county in England, is bounded by the 
 German Ocean, Scotland, and Cumberland. Its length is 
 70 miles, its breadth 40 ; and contains 1089 square miles. 
 The clima e of this county, however subject to variation as 
 it regards temperature, is not unhealthy. The views and 
 scenery of the country are mostly sterile and naked, yet 
 there are luxuriant and fertile tracts : the agriculture of the 
 county-has of late much improved. The immense and va- 
 luable collieries form a leading feature in the count}', upon 
 which all its manufactures depend. The principal rivers 
 are, the Tyne, Blyth, Wansbeck, Coquet, Aln, and the 
 Tweed. 
 
 Newcastle. Black Gate, Great Tower and Chapel of 
 the Castle. New Courts. West Gate and New Gate. Bridge. 
 St. Nicholas Ch. Library and Monuments. Hot and cold 
 baths in a beautiful garden. Exchange, and pictures in the 
 Guildhall. Curious carved chimney-piece in the Merchants 
 Court. In the Mayors Chamber is an engine called the 
 Branks, used as a punishment for scolding women. Pic- 
 ture of Falstaff in the Assembly-rooms. New Institution. 
 Theatre. 2^ m. n.n.e. is Gosforth House, the seat of C. 
 J. Brandling, esq. containing many good portraits ; the 
 grounds are handsome. A few miles distant from Newcas- 
 tle is a stone pillar called Pigs Foily. p. 
 
 Wall.m.nd, 3j m. e.n.e. from Newcastle. This was a 
 Roman station; near is a fort called Wail Laws: some Ro- 
 man altars were found here; they are now at the rectory of 
 Ryton, 7 m. w.x.w. from Gateshead. 
 
 Heddon-on-the-Wall, 7 m. w.n.w. from Newcastle. 
 East end of the Ch. pure Norman architecture. There 
 are curious tumuli at Heddon Law and Dewly Law. b.k. 
 
 Seaton Dklaval, 6 m. n. from North Shields. Beau- 
 tiful little Chapel in the pure Norman style, the most per- 
 fect specimen of Norman architecture in the kingdom; 
 within are two ancient monuments. Delaval House or Cas-
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 *1e rs a magnificent building, with some fine picture?; and 
 highly ornamented grounds ; in the latter a fine obelisk 
 and mausoleum. At Seaton Sluice are copperas- and glass- 
 works, also a fine harbour, b.e. 
 
 Tine>jouth, 9 m. e. from Newcastle. Ruins of a Cas- 
 tle and Priory. Oratory in the Ch.-yard. This village is 
 much frequented in the bathing season, having hot and 
 cold baths, also machines for bathing in the sea. 1^ m. n 
 is Cullercoats, a small bathing-town. 2 m. n.w. from Cul- 
 lercoats, at Monkseaton, is the Monks Stone, inscribed 
 " O horror to hill a man for a piges head.'' b.e. 
 
 Morpeth. Ruins of the Castle. 2 m. w. by s. are 
 the remains of Mitford Castle. 3 m. E. is Botual (Castle : 
 in Bothal Ch. is a curious tomb and genealogical table, b.e. 
 
 Wh alton, /m. s.w. by w. from Morpeth. The village 
 ;> remarkably neat, the rectory surrounded by pleasure- 
 grounds. A little to the e. is a curious Camp. 2 m. s. are 
 the remains of Ogle Castle, b.e. 
 
 Bolam, 9k m. w.s.w. from Morpeth. Ch. monuments. 
 w. of the town is an ancient Camp. Callow Hill. On Bo- 
 lam Moor is a tumulus between two stones of memorial. 
 Belsay Castle is in this parish ; above the Castle is an an- 
 cient Cross ; in a field to the s. a domestic Chapel, b.e. 
 
 Hartburn, 8t m. w. by n. from Morpeth. A Gothic 
 tower mantled with ivy. Beautiful walks in the vicarage 
 grounds, b.e. 
 
 Brinkburne, 91 m. n.n.w. from Morpeth. Ruins of 
 the Priory (temp. Hen. I.), and seat of Major Hodgson, b.e. 
 
 Stamfordham, a market town. 12 m. N.w. by n. from 
 Newcastle. Ch. monuments. In a field adjoining West 
 Matfen is a circular mount, and near it a stone 9 feet high, 
 called the Stob Stone, b.e. 
 
 Warkworth, / m. s.e. from Alnwick. Saxon archi- 
 tecture and monuments in the Ch. Bridge. Fine remains 
 of the Castle. m. above the castle is the celebrated Her- 
 mitage, b.e. 
 
 Coqiet Island, 11m. s.e. from Alnwick. Ruins of 
 St. Cuthbcrt's Oratory, b.e. 
 
 Lemminoton,5 m. %v.s.w. from Alnwick. Manufacto- 
 ries of crown and flint glass, and iron-works, b.e. 
 
 Alnwick, a market town, 34 m. N. by w. from New- 
 castle. 1
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 castle. Magnificent Castle of the Duke of Northumber- 
 land (temp. Hen. II.), contains some fine pictures, and a 
 beautiful Chapel. Town Hall. Clock House. Gateway ot 
 the Abbey (1 147)- 3 m. above Alnwick are the handsome 
 ruins of Hulne Abbey (1242), in a delightful situation, b.e. 
 
 Roth bury, 11m. s.w. by w. from Alnwick. Very cu- 
 rious font in the Ch. On the top of a hill between this 
 town and Thropton is a.circular Camp with double ditch 
 and vallum, called Old Rothbury: near it a large cave. b.e. 
 
 Edlingham, 6 m. w.s.w. from Alnwick. Ruins of a 
 Castle : near is a mineral water, and below it Kimmere, a 
 lake bordered with Dutch myrtle or Myrica Gale. b.e. 
 
 Callaley, 11 m. w. by s. from Alnwick. Upon the 
 summit of Castle Hill is a fortification: there are several 
 other Camps in this neighbourhood. Glatton Pike is an 
 exploratory hill, in sight of the curious circular Camps 
 upon Clinch Hill and Ingram Hill. By the road-side upon 
 Hedgeley Moor is a stone pillar called Percy's Cross. b.e. 
 
 Harbottle, 20 m. w.s.w. from Alnwick. Ruins of a 
 Castle, b.e. 
 
 Howick, 6 m. n.e. by e. from Alnwick. The elegant 
 seat of Earl Grey. b.e. 
 
 Dunstanboroigh, 8 m. n.e. from Alnwick. Earth- 
 works and ruins of the Castle. Hexangular crystals, called 
 Dunstanborough Diamonds, are found here. b.e. 
 
 Bamborough, 4| m. e. by n. from Belford. Grand re- 
 mains of the Castle (before the Conquest) standing upon a 
 basaltic rock sprinkled with lichens ; within is a room 
 hung with tapestry, and Dr. Sharpe's Library. *Ch. monu- 
 ments. Near Spindcston is a Camp with triple foss and 
 ramparts ; a little west of it is another in form of a cres- 
 cent, with triple foss and ramparts, b.e. 
 
 Farn Islands are opposite Bamborough. Upon one 
 of them are the ruins of a Priory and lighthouse : the na- 
 turalist will here find the following variety of birds : 
 Eider Ducks, Puffins, Auks, Guillemots, Little Auks, Sheil 
 Ducks, Shags, Corvorants, Black and White Gulls, Brown 
 and White Gulls, Herring Gulls, Common Gulls, Kitti- 
 wakes Gull, Pewit Gulls, Great Terns, Sea Pies, Sea Larks, 
 Rock Pigeons, Rock Larks, p. 
 
 BELFOR,a market town. 1 in. s.w. is an encampment 
 with a wide foss and double rampart, b.e. 
 
 Hoi.v
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 Holy Island. Ruins of St. Cuthbert's Monastery. En- 
 Irochi are found here, called St. Cuthbert's Beads. 
 
 Berwick. Ch. Town Hall. Bridge. Pier. Ruins of the 
 Castle, and salmon fisheries. i>. 
 
 Normam. Remains of the Castle. 3 m. s. by n. is Twi- 
 zcll Castle (circa Hen. II.), the unfinished seat of Sir F. 
 Biake. Near Twizle Bridge is a petrifying fountain, and 
 further down the ruins of Tilmouth Chapel. Tilmouth 
 House, the seat of Sir F. Blake, contains a valuable collec- 
 tion of pictures. Near Tilmouth Cross is a square Camp 
 railed Haly Chesters. b.e. 
 
 Cornhill, 2 m. e. by n. from Coldstream and 12 m. 
 from Wooler. m. from the Bridge are traces of a fort, 
 called Castle Stone Nick. In a wood s. of Cornhill is a mi- 
 neral spring, b.e. At or near Branxton, 2 m. e. by s. from 
 Cornhill, is the Pillar to commemorate the battle of Flod- 
 c:<n Field. King James's body was found in Branxton pa- 
 rish, c.n. 
 
 VVkrk, 2 m. w. from Cornhill. Site of a Castle. Bea.i- 
 tiful walk near the river called Maiden Walk. Kemb, an 
 entrenchment. Fine rums of St. Giles's Chapel. Battle 
 Place and Callow Hill. p.k. 
 
 Ei/il, 10 m. n. from Wooler. Venerable remains of a 
 Custle, and elegant seat o* the Earl of Glasgow. On the 
 i> ighe.stpartof Flodden Hiii is a rock called the King's Chair. 
 
 i . fc. 
 
 Y fvf.ri.ng, 3 m. w. by n. from Wooler. On the south 
 side of the village is a whinstone column to record a battle 
 in 1414. The mountain called Yevcring Bell has in the 
 centre of the summit a cairio. s. of the Bell about half a 
 mile is a cairn called Tim Tallon's Grave. On Newton Tor 
 are entrenchments and a cairn; and on Haerlaw at Paston, 
 a Camp with a double rampart and foss. n.z. 
 
 Wooler, a market town. Near, on a round hill, is an 
 04d Tower. In this neighbourhood are several remarkable 
 entrenchments and cairns; viz. Maiden Castle, Trodden 
 Gazes, and Green Castle with a cairn. On ReJrigs near 
 the ToLI Bar a whinstone pillar, to record a battle in 1302. 
 
 Cuii,linthkk, 5 rn. e. from Wooler. Chillingham 
 Caiitlsftemp. Ben. I), the grand mansion of thcEarlot'Tau- 
 kv/Zila. Hire is a marbl-i chimneypi<*ce, in sawing of 
 
 which
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 which it is said a live toad was found. In the park arp a 
 breed of wild cattle called the White Scottish Bison, b.e. 
 
 Lilburne, 3* m. s.e. by e. from Wooler. Lilburne 
 Tower and Chapel ruins, b.e. 
 
 Iedekton, 4 in. s. from Wooler. Upon Rosedon Edge 
 is a large Roman Camp. 3 m. to the e. on Berwick Hill, 
 is a semicircular Camp with double foss and vallum. At 
 Haerup-hurn half a mile further E. is a smaller semicircu- 
 lar Camp. Near Three Stone Burn, n. of Hedge Hope, one 
 of the highest of the Cheviot Mountains, is a Druidical cir- 
 cle. A few miles s. of this place, about 4 m. w. from In- 
 gram, is Linhope Spout, a cataract that falls 56 feet. b.k. 
 
 Riechester or Rochester, 25 m. n.n.w. from Wrex- 
 ham. This was a Roman station; the fort has three ram- 
 parts of earth, and part of a wall. Near is a small tumulus. 
 Man_y Roman altars have been found here, some of them 
 are now at Camperville. In a field near are the remains ui 
 one with an inscription, u.e. 
 
 Elsdon, 21 m. w.n.w. from Morpeth. On the n. side 
 of the village is Mote Hill, supposed an exploratory alii of 
 the Romans. Roman altar in the Ch. cb. 
 
 Otterbvkxe, 21 m. x. by w. from Hexham. About 
 1 m. n.f.. from Bereness Chapel are three stone pillars in 
 a triangle. In this district are several cairns, tumuii, aad 
 Druidical circles, b.e. 
 
 Chi pc: h ask, 9 in. n.n.w. from Hexham. Ruins of 3. 
 Castle; part of it now an elegant mansion, with extensi/? 
 plantations and beautiful scenery, b.e. 
 
 Hexham. Magnificent Ch. and monuments. In a crypt 
 beneath are two Roman altars with inscriptions. Ancient 
 gateway to the Abbey (6J4), and old towers. At Newbrr- 
 rough, 4 m. w.n.w. Mrs. Bacon has a fine collection of Ro- 
 man antiquities. 
 
 St. John Lee, 1^ m. n.n.e. from Hexham. Below 
 the Ch. is a hermitage, which nature and art have render- 
 ed charming. Near is Beaufront, the seat of J. Errington, 
 esq. with elegant grounds, b.e. 
 
 Corbridge, a market town, 4| m. e. from Hexham. 
 Ch. and old Tower. m. w. is the Roman station Cor- 
 chester. Many Roman altars and other curiosities are ia 
 the possession of the gentlemen at Corbridge. 
 
 vol. ii. g Aydon
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 Aydon Castle, 5} 2 ra. e. by n. from Hexham. Ruins 
 of ;i Castle, and an arched stable, with stone mangers. b.e. 
 
 Lanrley Castle, 6 m. w. from Hexham. The most 
 perfect ruins of a Castle in the county, b.e. 
 
 Carrowburrh, 8 m. n.w. from Hexham. A Roman 
 station with large heaps of ruins. m. s.w. is Broom 
 Dykes, a summer fort of the Romans, b.e. 
 
 Shewing Shields, 9 m. n.w. from Hexham Site of n 
 Castle. Cavern. Rude stone called King Ethels Chair. 
 
 Holsestkads, 1 1 in. w.n.w. from Hexham (near the 30- 
 .'nilestone from Newcastle to Carlisle). A Roman sta- 
 tion, called by Dr. Stukeley " the Palmyra of Britain:" it 
 contains the remains of numerous buildings. Some ruins 
 on Chapel Hill. At a house below the station is a Roman 
 altar in the jamb of the chimney. Near Housesteads is 
 Busy Gap, a break in the mountains, b.e. 
 
 Houghton Castle, 7 m - n. from Hexham. Hough- 
 ton Castle, the seat of W. Smith, esq. Near is a Chapel in 
 mins; Paper Mills, b.e. 
 
 Bellingham, a market town, n.n;w. from Wrexham. 
 Monuments in the Chapel. 5 m. from this place is Fal- 
 stone Chapel. 7 m. further is Keeldel Ca.'tle, a shooting- 
 box of the Duke of Northumberland ; upon the moors are 
 many cairns, tumuli, and Druidical remains. n,E. 
 
 RiSiNi.HAM, 13 m. n. from Hexham. A Roman station: 
 the walls are high ridges of ruins. In Canldens Map this 
 is Habitaneum : many altars have been found here. See 
 the bas-relief of u Roman Archer called Robin of Rising- 
 ham; it is near the park-head, about 1| m. from the station : 
 inquire in the neighbourhood for Roman altars, &c. b.e. 
 : East or Walwick Chesters, 5 m. n. by w. from Hex- 
 ham (the ancient Silurnum f near the 22-milestone from 
 Newcastle to Carlisle). Site of a Roman station; behind 
 Mr. Clayton's house several yards of the Roman wall. In 
 Mr. Clayton's summer-house are several antiquities found 
 
 in this station. Chesters, the seat of Clayton, esq. 
 
 is finely situated. Many Roman antiquities from this sta- 
 tion are in the garden wall at Walwick Grange, from whence 
 is a fine prospect, b.e. 
 
 Simonhlrn, 9 m. n.w. by n. from Hexham. Simon* 
 burn Castle. Nunwiek, a handsome seat and park. 3m 
 
 N . W
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 x.w. is Park End, the seat of T. Ridley, esq. surrounded by 
 fine scenery. 
 
 IIaltwhistle, 14 m. w. from Hexham, a market town 
 Ch. monuments. Curious oval mound, called Castle 
 Banks, and another called Schill Hill. Two old turreted 
 buildings. 5 in. e. is a large Roman Camp, called Whitches- 
 ter. Opposite Hartwhistle are the remains of Bellester 
 Castle. On the w. side of the Tipal are the ruins of Blen- 
 kinsop Castle. In the garden wall of the inn atGlenwhelt 
 are some curious Roman remains. Featherstone-haugh 
 Castle, the seat of the Right Hon. T. Wallace, is a tine cas- 
 tellated mansion. Ruins of Thirlwall Castle. In sight of this 
 Castle to the s. is a Camp with single foss and vallum, and 
 m. w. is another Camp. The scenery about Staward-le- 
 Peel, an ancient fortress, is strikingly picturesque. 
 
 Caekvof.an. A Roman station, situated about 12 or 
 13 chains withjn both walls, and near the western boun- 
 dary of the county, has produced a great number of Roman 
 antiquities, many of them now to be seen upon Mr. Car : 
 rick's premises. The finest remains of the Roman Wall is 
 between this place and Shewing Shields. At Great Ches- 
 ters, or JEslca, another station, I5 m. n. from Hartwhistle, 
 numerous Roman altars and other curiosities have been 
 found, some of them may be seen in the neighbourhood , 
 likewise many barrows or tumuli. Little Chesters, or the 
 Bowers, is another station, with considerable foundations 
 of buildings, and a hill called Chapilsteads. At Codley 
 Gate is a mile pillar 7 feet high, at the foot of a large tu- 
 mulus ; a mile further up the causeway is another broken 
 in two. b.e. 
 
 Kirkhavgh, 19 rn. w.s.w. from Hexham, and 3 m. n. 
 from Alston in Cumberland. Opposite the Ch. is Whitley 
 Castle, a Roman station ; at the inn near by are two cu- 
 rious Roman altars, one of them over the stable door. b.e. 
 
 Lambley, 4 m. x. of Kirkhaugh. Opposite Harper- 
 town is an old fortress, called Castle Hill. b.e. 
 
 Pridhoe, ^2 m. w. by s. from Newcastle. Ruins of fi 
 Castle. 
 
 Blanc Hi.AXD, 9^ m. s. by e. from Hexham. Abbey and 
 Gate(l 165). 1 m. from it, near Hunstanworth Chapel, is a 
 LUriuns vault. i\ 
 
 g2 Hai-ton
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 H u.ton Chesters, 5 m. n.e. by e. from Hexham. 
 Roman station called Silver Hill. b.e. 
 
 Bywell, 8 m. e.s.e. from Hexham. The situation of 
 this place is the most interesting of any in the county. The. 
 woody banks of the river, the Waterfall, the Castle, and two 
 Churches, are pleasing objects, improved by the handsome 
 scat of Mr. Hodgsons. b. e. [A groat number of the 
 Roman altars found in this county are figured in Cough's 
 Camden.] 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Coal ; limestone : near Newcastle. 
 
 Basalt: at Walker, in Long Beaton parish. 
 
 Lead ore, calamine, iron stone : Coalclough and Allen- 
 head mines at Sheldon ; Fallowfield in St. John Lee, and 
 Houghton near Bamborough. 
 
 Blende or black Jack: Coalclough mines. 
 
 Pyrites : at Eglingham. 
 
 Schistus, with impressions of plants : between Bywell 
 and Alnemouth. 
 
 FOSSILS. 
 
 Petrified trees : near Kenton, where is a stone seat 
 hewn from one. 
 
 Cathead fossils, with impressions of plants: at Ken- 
 ton, 3 m. n.n.w. from Newcastle, also at Newbiggen 1 m. 
 from Kenton. 
 
 Entrochi : Holy Island. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Veronica humifusa, a variety of Smcoth Speedwell : r 
 Cheviot, 5, 6. 
 
 iltrlcularla minor, Lesser-hooded Milfoil : Prestwick 
 Car, 7- 
 
 Eriophorum vaginatam, Single-headed Cotton-grass : 
 Prestwick Car, and near Shewing Shields, .'i. 
 
 Mel/ru nutans, Mountain Melic-grass : Teekel Wood at 
 Simonhurn, 6, J. 
 
 (rof'uwi boreala, Cross- leaved Bcdstraw: banks of the 
 river at Wardrew andWylam, 7- 
 
 (ornus succica, Dwarf Cornel Tree. on the CheCiot 
 hills. 6. 
 
 Riu.s, 
 
 r<
 
 NO RTH UMBERLAND. 
 
 Poiamogcton heteropkyllum, Various-leaved Pondweed 
 Prestwick, Car, 7- 
 
 Rnppia marithna, SesHuppia : Hartley Pans, 7- 
 Anchusa officinalis, Common Alkanet : links near Hart- 
 ley Pans, 6, 7- 
 
 Pulmonaria officinalis, Common Lungwort : in a wood 
 at Ho wick, 5. 
 
 Chirpniq littoralis, Tufted Centaury : sea coast near 
 Hartley, and links at Bamburgh and Holy Island, 6. 
 
 Salsolafruticosa } Shrubby Salt-wort : Cold Dean, North 
 Shields, 7, 8. 
 
 Gentiana campestris, Field Gentian: links near Bam- 
 bmgh, w. side of Shewing Shields, 9. 
 
 Eryngium campestre, Field Eryngo: shore called Friars 
 Goose near Newcastle, 7> 8. 
 
 L'gusticum scoticum, Scottish Lovage : rocks north of 
 Dunstonburgh Castle, J. 
 
 Drosera longifolia, Long-leaved Sundew : banks of 
 Prestwick Car, 7, 8.. 
 
 Drosera anglica, Great Sundew : banks of Prestwick 
 Car, 7, 8. 
 
 Myosurus minimus, Mousetail : shores of the Tyne be- 
 low Newcastle, 5. 
 
 Leucojum ccstivum, Summer Snow-flake : in Rennold- 
 son's mill-dam nearHeaton, 5. 
 
 Allium oleraceum, Streaked Field Garlic : banks of the 
 Tyne below Wylam, " . 
 
 Rumex maritimum, Golden Dock : ballast on the Tyne, 
 7,8. 
 
 Vaccinium Oxycoccus, Cranberry: heathy part of Prest- 
 wick Car, 6. 
 
 Andromeda polifolia, Marsh Andromeda : heathy part 
 of Prestwick Car, near Dinnington, 6. 
 
 Pyrola minor, Lesser Wintergreen: Scots Wood near 
 Newcastle, Tacket Wood near Simonburn, 7- 
 
 Saxifraga stellaris, Haiiy Saxifrage : Cheviot, 6, 7- 
 
 Saxifraga aizoides, Yellow Mountain Saxifrage: rocks 
 above Wardrew, 7, 8. 
 
 Dianthus deltoides, Maiden Pink : lane between Wooler 
 and Earle, Gunnerton Fell, 8. 
 
 Arenaria verna, Venial Sandwort : old lead-mines in 
 Allondale, 5, 8. 
 
 g 3 Sed'hn
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 Sidum villosum, Hairy Stonecrop: foot of Cheviot, G, 7. 
 
 Ceraslium tetrandrum, Tetrandrous Chickweed: links 
 at Hartley Pans, and Holy Island, 5, 6. 
 
 Euphorbia Cypurissias, Cypress Spurge : walls of Huln 
 Abbey near Alnwick, and hedges 3 m, s. from Alnwick, 5. 
 
 Rosa villosa, Apple Rose : Spring Gardens, Newcastle, 
 6. 
 
 Rubus saxatilis, Stone Bramble : w. side of Shewing 
 Shields, and Irthing near Wardrew, 6. 
 
 Rubus Ckamcemoras, Cloudberry : Cheviot, G. 
 
 Thalicirum minus, Lesser Meadow Rue: links near 
 Bamburgh, 6, 7. 
 
 Ranunculus Lingua, Great Spcarwort : Prestwick Car, 
 and Dilston ponds, J. 
 
 Trollius curopcBus, Globe Flower : woods in Allondale, 
 Heaton Wood, and Whitehill Dean near Ovingham, 5, G. 
 
 Galeopsis versicolor, Large-flowered Heap Nettle : 
 banks of the Tyne at Low Park, 7, 8. 
 
 Lepidium latifolium, Broad-leaved Pepperwort : n. side 
 of Prior's Haven, Tynemouth, 7- 
 
 Cardaminc amara, Bitter Ladies-smock: banks of Pont 
 near Prestwick Car, 4, 5. 
 
 Turritis glabra, Smooth Tower Mustard : walls and 
 hedges near Ovingham, 5, G. 
 
 Turritis hirsuta, Hairy Tower Mustard : Castle walls at 
 Shewing Shields, 5. 
 
 Vicia sylvatiea, Wood Vetch : woods on the Irthing 
 above Wardrew, 7> 8. 
 
 Trifolium scabrum, Rough Trefoil : rocks near Lindes- 
 furn, Holy Island, 5, G. 
 
 Carduus keterophyttus, Melancholy Thistle : w. side of 
 Shewing Shields, foot of Cheviot, Otterburn, 7> 8. 
 
 Gnaphalium dioicum, Mountain Cudweed : Prestwick 
 Car, 6, 7- 
 
 Pyretkrum maritimum, Sea Feverfew : rocks at Dun- 
 stanburgh Castle, 7- 
 
 Satyrium repens, Creeping Satyrium ; mountainous 
 woods, 7- 
 
 Carcx pauciflora, Few-flowered Carex : bog near the 
 Roman Wall not far from ('rag lake, G. 
 
 Littorella lucustris, Shore-weed ; Prestwick Car, G.
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 Bmpetrum nigrum, Crowberry: moors near Newcastle, 
 and Prestwiek Car, 6. 
 
 Equisetum sylvaticum, Wood Horsetail : woods near 
 Newcastle. 
 
 Osmunda Lunaria, Moonwort: rocks near Shewing 
 Shields, 7- 
 
 Lycopudium selaginGides, Prickly Club Moss : Prcst- 
 wick Car. 
 
 Lycopodium alp'innm, Alpine Club Moss: heath s.K. 
 end of Crag lake and Cheviot. 
 
 Polypodium Dryopteris, Three-branched Polypody: 
 rocks w. of Shewing Shields and Cheviot. 
 
 Pilularia globullfcra, Pillvvort or Pepper-grass ; pond* 
 side near Woolsington, 6, 9. 
 
 IsQctea hicustris, Quilhvort : Prestwiek Car.
 
 NOTTINGH AMSH IRE 
 
 Is bounded by Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, and 
 Leicestershire. Its length is ,v0 miles, its breadth 20 miles, 
 and contains 110 square miles. This county is one of the 
 most fertile, healthy, and pleasant, in the kingdom. The 
 surface may be said generally to be hilly, although the hills 
 do not rise much, but from a diversity of soil it offers a va- 
 riety of appearance. The Norfolk mode of husbandry has 
 been found very successful on the forest lands. The rivers 
 are the Trent, Erwash, Soar, Idle, 8cc. an'd it is well inter- 
 sected with inland canals; This county produces a good 
 many hops; and its manufactory for hosiery and lace is well 
 known. 
 
 Nottingham. Castle (1130). Monuments in St. Mary's 
 Oh. County Hall. General Hospital. Barracks. Bridge. Caves 
 in the Park. Race Ground. Silk Mills. Stocking Weaving. 
 White Lead Work. Iron Foundry. Lace Manufactory. 
 Theatre. Thuriand Hall, an ancient mansion. Piumtre 
 House. Public walks, particularly to St. Ann'sWell : on the 
 hill e. of St. Ann's Well is a labyrinth. Caves at Sneinton'. 
 1 in. w.s.w. from Nottingham, Lent on Priory, (temp. Her.. 
 I.) the seat of Mr. Stretton, who has a collection of curi- 
 osities ; in the garden is a furious Saxon font and sepulchral 
 memorials, in the house a portrait of Nell Gvvynn. b.e. 
 
 Colwick, 2 j in. e. from Nottingham. Ch. monuments. 
 Oolwick Hall, the seat of the Musters family, has eiegE.;.; 
 plantations and a beautiful dog-kennel, b.e. 
 
 Wollaton, 3 in. w. from Nottingham. Ancient monu- 
 ments in the Ch. Wollaton Hall, an elegant ancient man- 
 sion, lias a fine collection of pictures ; in the grounds it a 
 grotto like a summer-house, with a water-house under Ls 
 formed of shell- and rock-work. Between the nills behin s 
 Bramcote House is a curious insulated rugged masi of 
 rock, called Hemlock Stone, b.e. 
 
 Strelley, 4$ m. w.n.w. from Nottingham. Ch. mo- 
 numents, ainieiit font, and handsome painted jjlass. Near 
 h the seat of T. Edge, esq. with pleasing plantations, h.h,. 
 
 Cm it ;
 
 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 
 
 Clifton, 4 m. s.w. by s. from Nottingham. Ch. u'o- 
 numents, brasses, and armorial glass. Clifton Hail, the 
 seat of Sir G. Clifton, bait, contains some good portraits 
 near is a labyrinth cut in the turf. c. 
 
 Holme Pikrpoixt, 5 m. e. by s. from Nottingham. 
 The monuments and brasses in the Ch. are particularly 
 worthy of notice, b.e. 
 
 Nvthall, 5 m. n.w. from Nottingham. The Temple, 
 the seat of the Hon. H. Sedley, is built in imitation of the 
 Villa Capra near Vicenza in Italy, b.e. 
 
 Trowell, 5* m. w. from Nottingham. Ancient font 
 and painted glass in the Ch. b.e. 
 
 Radcliffe-lpon-Trent, 5 m. e. by s. from Notting- 
 ham. In the Ch. is a wooden figure of the founder. The. 
 scenery round this village is very romantic, and command* 
 some fine views, b.e. 
 
 Barton, 6 m. s.w. by s. from Nottingham. Upon a hill 
 near is a Roman Camp, formerly British, b.e. 
 
 Newstead, 5 m. s. from Mansfield. Newstead Abbey 
 {circa 1 170), the seat of Lord Byron, with a valuable collec- 
 tion of paintings; the cellars were an ancient crypt. In the 
 vicinity is Robin Hood's Stable, a curious hollow rock. b.e. 
 
 Mansfield, a market town. Ch. monuments. The- 
 atre. Cotton Mills. Iron Foundry. Stone Quarries. Bowl- 
 ing Green. Cold Bath : near are domestic excavations in 
 the rocks. About 1 m. distant is Sherwood Hall, with 
 handsome grounds; also Berry Hall, with elegant ground : 
 and extensive prospects. A ramble into the Forest towards 
 Rufford will amuse the tourist, b.e. 
 
 Mansfield Woodhovie, li m. n. from Mansfield. 
 Upon Winnyhill are remains of a Roman Camp with dou- 
 ble ditch and vallum, b e. 
 
 Skegby, 3 m. w. from Mansfield. TheCh. monuments 
 are worthy a visit, be. 
 
 Pleasley, 3^ m. n.w. by n. from Mansfield. Pleas ley 
 Forge. The scenery round this village is similar to Matlock 
 and Dovedale in Derbyshire. Passing along the valley you 
 come to a handsome bridge whi,:h unites the two counties , 
 ascend a hill, and when at its summit follow a path leading 
 to a white gate on the right, which leads across three field-. 
 to a clump of trees, surrounding a small huilding erected 
 
 SOI!!'.
 
 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, 
 
 some few years ago to preserve a tessellated Roman pavfe- 
 ment. b.e. 
 
 Tf.versall, 4$ m. w. by N. from Mansfield. The Chi; 
 is very ancient, and the south door particularly curious, 
 being of Saxon architecture ; within are some ancient mo- 
 numents. B.E. 
 
 Clipstone, 3 m. w.s.w. from Ollerton. Ruins of King 
 John's palace. 2 m. w.s.w. from Ollerton is Rufford Ab* 
 bey (1 148), an immense building with a numerous and valu- 
 able collection of paintings ; the gardens and grounds are 
 equally worthy of notice, b.e. 
 
 Welbeck, 3|m. s.w. bys. from Worksop. Welbeck 
 Abbey (1 153), the elegant mansion of the Duke of Portland* 
 with many fine paintings. In the park are a number of noble 
 oaks ; the principal most worthy notice are, the Greendale 
 Oak, Duke's Walking-stick, the Two Porters, and Seven 
 Sisters ; near the latter is a curious hollow tree supposed 
 300 years old. See also Radford Abbey Gate. c.b. 
 
 Clumber Park (2 m. s. from Worksop) The grand re- 
 sidence of the Duke of Newcastle, contains a choice col- 
 lection of paintings. The best way to Thoresby Park, the 
 .seat of Earl Manvers, is to cross the bridge in Clumber 
 Park, through some beautiful scenery which leads to the 
 mansion, in which are some very fine pictures ; the gardens' 
 are also very fine. b.e. 
 
 Worksop, a market town. Fine Ch. and curious ruin- 
 bus Chapel > ornamented pulpit and ancient monuments. 
 Worksop Manor, the magnificent mansion of the Duke of 
 Norfolk, is rich in pictures; the gardens are decorated with 
 hothouses and greenhouses. 3 m. distant are Creswell 
 Craggs, well worth the tourist's notice, b.e. 
 
 Blythe, 6,i m. n.w. from Re,tford. The Ch. is of high 
 antiquity and contains many splendid monuments. A Pr, 
 was founded here in 1088. Blythe Hall, the elegant seat of 
 W. Mellish, esq. has some fine plantations. Serley Hall, 
 the seat of Lord Galway, contains some fine pictures. 
 
 Grindley-on-the-Hill, 7 m. n. from Retford. Ch. 
 and curious epitaph for Winifred Vernon. Near the Ch. 
 are remains of a Danish or Saxon Camp. This place will 
 afford a treat to the antiquarian tourist who has leisure to 
 investigate it? antiquities, be, 
 
 RetfohD)
 
 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 Retford, a market town. Manufactories of hats, oil- 
 cloth; mill for candlewicks, and paper mill. 1 m. from the 
 town is a well called St. John's Well, formerly in medicinal 
 repute, b.k. 
 
 Ramfton, 6 m. e.s.e. from Retford. Ch. monuments 
 and curious gateway, b.k. 
 
 Tlxford, a market town. Ch. monuments and repre- 
 sentation of St. Lawrence roasting on a gridiron, b.e. 
 
 Weston, 3 m. s.e. from Tuxford. From the Ch.-yard 
 is a fine view over Scarthing Moor, where is an elegant 
 inn called Scarthing Moor Inn, with shrubbery and a cor- 
 ridor arranged as a greenhouse ; a pleasant situation for- 
 the tourist to make excursions from. b.e. 
 
 Ossinoton, 4$ m. s.e. from Tuxford. Ossincton Hall, 
 the seat of J. Denison, esq. with handsome pleasure-grounds. 
 The Ch. contains a magnificent mausoleum, h.k. 
 
 Holme, 3 m. from Newark. Ch. and monuments are 
 particularly worthy of notice, b.e. 
 
 Newark, a large market town. Castle r>iin with a 
 very curious crypt under the hall. Ch. monuments, brasses, 
 font, and heads upon the spouts. Town Hall. Cotton 
 Mill. In Beacon Hill arc extensive quarries of gypsum. 
 
 Kelham, 2 m. n.w. from Newark. Lord Lexington's 
 monument in the Ch. Kelham House, the seat of J. Sut- 
 ton, esq. and curious bridge, b.e. 
 
 Balderton, 2 m. from Newark Is remarkable for a 
 carious Saxon porch and Ann Lake 5 epitaph. Near is the 
 sea 1 ; of J. Sykes, esq. t>.e. 
 
 Carlton-upon-Trent, f<\ m. n. from Newark. The 
 mansion-house has a small but curious Chapel. By the 
 roadside is a house with a large horse-shoe in brick-work, 
 probably the whim of a blacksmith, b.e. 
 
 StavNTox, 7 m. s.s.e. from Newark. Ancient monu- 
 ments in th" Ch. and handsome seat of the Rev. Dr. Staun- 
 ton, with beautiful pleasure-grounds, b.e. 
 
 South well., amarket town. On Burridge Hill are the re- 
 mains of a Roman Camp. Elegant Minster, a part of which 
 is Saxon (MO), seen to great advantage through the Go- 
 thic gateway: the rich screen deserves particular attention, 
 likewise the entrance into the Chapter House. Near are the. 
 ruins of the archbishop's Palace. Sec the public walk. n.n. 
 
 NoRMANTONj
 
 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 Normaxtox, near Southwell. Edingley Chapel is an- 
 cient, and has an ornamented west entrance, b.k. 
 
 Kirklingtox, 3 111. n.w. by n. from Southwell. Kirk- 
 lington Hall, the seat of Mrs. Whitham. Near is Hexgrave, 
 formerly a park, with faint remains of a Roman encamp- 
 ment. 3 m. s.w. from this at Combe's Farm, to the left of 
 tue Mansfield road, is another Camp commanding a must 
 extensive view. b.k. 
 
 Hoverinchasi, 5 m. s. from Southwell. The Ch. has 
 an ancient Saxon porch and a curious bas-relief of St. Mi- 
 chael and the Dragon; also a fine monument for Sir i\. 
 -Gonsill. c.b. 
 
 Oxrox, 5 m. w. by s. from South well. Three large tu- 
 : : one of them has been opened by Major Hook, b.e. 
 
 S' .u.vr.xo.v, S{ m. s.w. by s. from Newark. Ch. mo- 
 numents and very curious old foat. b.e. 
 
 Bixgham. a market town. The Ch. and monuments. 
 
 Whattox, 2 m. r.. from Bingham. Ch. monuments 
 i.e. fi -it. Cranmer's WcJk, and extensive view from the 
 a. ;..(. mount. il.e. 
 
 WlET.Ol'GHE'i-t N-TKE-WoLDS, I Ij Ul. S.S.E. from N~Gt- 
 
 tinjj .-.:.: In the centre of the village is a lofty Cross ( '.. 
 mt>'..unicu's. At WJlo'.r^I.by Brook is :i tumulus called 
 ri 1 Hi i ; near ,v: ; a Human station, r.v.. 
 
 .-. ; ' ; by w. from Nottingham. Stanford 
 
 Hali the seat of C. V. Da?hwood, esc;, is a pleasing objec:, 
 ; >onie valuable p; intings. 
 
 M!xi:p.als. 
 Coal; quarries of reddish stone : nerr Mar.sfj id 
 Limestone : near Mansfield Woodhouse 
 B\ ilding-stone : at Maplewick. 
 Alabaster or gypsum : at Gotham and Beacon Hill. 
 PiantTbrmed coal K B. M. 385) : near Wolierton. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Crocus verm's, Spring Crocus : about Nottingham '. 
 (.'"' nuu'jiori s, Naked-flowering Crocus : between 
 Nottingham Castle and the Trent, ll>. 
 
 D';-^ rv ; :,i; '.-us. Small r J'easel : Plr-aseley Former - , k . 
 (J-.,:-/i tri-jo ':, Coin }itfdsiraw: aLy.ut Woliaton I 
 P '
 
 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 Cyclamen europeeum, Spring Cyclamen: at Langar mar 
 Ear! Howe's seat, 4. 
 
 Campanula Rapuncuhx, Ranipion Bell-flower: in Brad- 
 ford Hollows, 7, 8. 
 
 Verbascum Lycknitis, White Mullein : at Clifton Hall, 
 7,8. 
 
 Rhvmmis catharticus, Purging Buckthorn : Bsisfort! ami 
 Burwcli, lane at Gedling, 5, 6. 
 
 Chenopodiam olidum, Stinking Goostfoot : behind the 
 almi-riouses Nottingham, 8. 
 
 Peucedanum officinale, Sea Sulphur-wort : wood at ( 'ol- 
 v.ick, (l, 7- 
 
 Cicvta v'iroaa, Water Hemlock : in Nottingham t>r -';. 8. 
 
 tSatnbucm ebv.lus, Dwarf Elder: in Bunny Lane and vv~ 
 po3ite Gumston IV m. from Nottingham, 7- 
 
 Myosurns minimus, Mousetail : between Radford :nd 
 Wollaton Park, 5. 
 
 Rvmex Sanguineus, Bloody veined Dock farm yards ut 
 Mansfield, 7- 
 
 Colchicvm autumnale, Meadow SaP'ion: in Nottingham 
 meadows near Trent Bridge, .''. 
 
 Alixma ranuncvloides, Small Water Plantain : Trent 
 sii? near Clifton Hill, >. 
 
 Chlwa. perfoliata, Yellow Centaury: pastures near 
 Ra*nrd Ch. and Mansfield, 7, 8. 
 
 P r -l;jgonnm B'storta, Great Bistort . in a close between 
 th?Leen and Lenton church-yard, (>. 
 
 Paris quadrifoKa, Herb Paris : in Colwick Wood and 
 Aspliy, 5. 
 
 8-zpomria officinalis, Soapwort : near the hath at Mans- 
 fi :: ;, 8, 9. 
 
 Dianihus delto'dcs, Maiden Pink : hollows of Lentou 
 8?fd Nottingham park, road to Derby, 8. 
 
 Siie'ne nutans, Nottingham Catchfly : on the rock of 
 igham Castle and Snenton Hermitage, (", 1 . 
 
 Ly thrum hystopifolium, Hyssop-leaved Loosestrife: a 
 iittic below Wilford Boat, 8. 
 
 Gf"i.rn r'rvale, Water Avens: close by Aiploy House 
 r -T Nottingham, 0; 1 
 
 Rap*iret.'l>tt Lirgua, Great 2pear-wort: in Basford 
 Scottum, 7. 
 
 Mentha
 
 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 Mentha rolundifolia, Round-leaved Mint : near the bath 
 at Man&neld, 8, y. 
 
 Mentha I'ulegiam, Penny-royal : Gunthorp and Yellow 
 Green, y. 
 
 Oaleopsis villosa, Downy Hemp-nettle : Newark, 7, 8. 
 
 LJonurus Cardiaca, Mother-wort : on the right going 
 huo Barford from Nottingham, on the left of Lenton eid 
 gjlng to the Abbey from Nottingham park, 7, 8. 
 
 Iber'a nudicaulis, Naked-stalked Candy-tuft : in Not- 
 tingham park near the Dead Leap, and Radford Lings, 5. 
 
 Turritis glabra, Smooth Tower Mustard: fields be- 
 tween Radford and Le:icon, 5, 6. 
 
 Geranium PfuBum, Dusky Cranes-bill: beyond Notting- 
 ham in the way to Alfreton, 5, 6. 
 
 Geranium pratente, Crowfoot-leaved Crane' s-bili : be- 
 tween the two Cheney pools, 6, 7. 
 
 Lathy rus sylvestris, Narrow-leaved Lathyrus : among 
 the pales of Colwick park, 1 m. from Nottingham, 8. 
 
 Astragalus glyeypkyllos, Sweet Milk Vetch : Colwick 
 Wood, and between Nottingham and the gallows, 6. 
 
 Lactuca saUgna, Least Lettuce : near Bingham Towns 
 End, 3. 
 
 Tassilago hybrida, Longer-stalked Colt's-foot : mill- 
 yard at Lriitoii, 4. 
 
 Orchis uslulata, Dwarf Orchis : between Nottingham 
 and Southwell by the Trent side, 6. 
 
 Satyrhtm htrcinum, Lizard Satyrium : at the bottom of 
 Clifton Hill and Colnwick Wood, J. 
 
 Ophrys museifera, Fly Ophrys : about -Aspley, 6. 
 
 Ophrys apifera, Bee Ophrys : about Aspley, 7- 
 
 MyriophylluM verticillatum, Verticillate Water Milfoil : 
 in tae Trent below Colwick, opposite side. 
 
 Saliz arenario i Downy Mountain Willow : Basford Bot- 
 to:?., 6. 
 
 Equisatum sylvaiicum, Wood Horsetail : wood at Asp- 
 ley and Colwick. 
 
 Osmunda rtgalis, Flowering Fern : in Leavers Close, 
 Mansfield, 8. 
 
 Osmunda Lunaria, Moonwort : Eastwood, 7- 
 
 Polypodinm Dryupteris, Three-branched Polypody; 
 re k near Pleaseley Forces. 
 
 h2
 
 RUTLANDSHIRE 
 
 Is surrounded by Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, and North- 
 amptonshire, and has the smallest portion of district of any 
 English county, its length being from 14 to 15 miles, and 
 breadth 10 to 12 miles ; in circumference it is 45 miles, and 
 contains 200 square miles. The climate and soil of this 
 county are healthy, pleasant, and productive, and it is well 
 watered. The surface is beautifully varied with gentle 
 swells and depressions, which form some beautiful see- 
 neiy, particularly in the well timbered parts. The rising 
 grounds run e. and w. with valleys intervening about half a 
 mile wide. The principal rivers are the Guash and Cha- 
 ter. The extension of the Melton Mowbray canal to Oak- 
 ham is of great benefit to the county. 
 
 Dkystoke or Stokedry, 3m. s.w. by s. from Upping- 
 ham. Ch. monuments. 
 
 Uppingham, a market-town. Extensive prospect from 
 the Ch.-yard ; within the church are some handsome mo- 
 numents. Race-ground called The Brand. Near the town 
 grows the Urtica pihil'fera or Roman Nettle, and in the 
 meadows Satyriura viride. b.e. 
 
 Ai'ston, \ m. from Uppingham. Elegant window of 
 painted glass in the Ch. and curious monumental remains- 
 tit ihe Ch.-yard. b.e. 
 
 Mambleton, 4 m. e.s.e. from Oakham. At the Hall 
 are several suits of plate armour, b.e. 
 
 Oakham, a market town. Remains of the Castle. 
 } lorse Shoes upon the Castle-yard gate TA peer of the realra 
 passing the precinct of this lordship for the first time, for- 
 feits a shoe from the horse he rides upon, or commutes 
 tor the same in money.] and against the Jury box within the 
 Castle, Handsome Ch., Bowling Green and F.iding-house, 
 near the seat of Col. Noel. From Rakesborough Hill is i 
 fine prospect. Oakham Coll. (about 1398). 2m. was Broke 
 r'r. (temp. Rich. I.). 2> ? m. Manton Coll. Ch. (temp. Edw. 
 Ilf.). 2 m. n.e. by n. from Oakham is Eurley-on-the-Hill, 
 the magnificent mansion of the Earl of Winchelsea, con- 
 H 3 taining
 
 RUTLANDSHIRE. 
 
 taiaing some fir.e paintings. In the grounds is some rich 
 scenery and a curious grotto. See the view from the ter- 
 race. B.E. 
 
 Ashwell, 3 m. n. by w. from Oakham. Ch. monu- 
 ments. D.E. 
 
 Exton, Gi m. n.e. hy e. from Oakham. Ch. monu- 
 ments, particularly one by Nollckens. Ruins of Earl Gains- 
 borough's mansion. Exton Hall, the seat of Sir Gerard 
 Noel, bart. was partly destroyed by fire a few years ago ; 
 has many valuable paintings, handsome antique gardens, 
 and in the park is a piece of water with a cascade. Ride 
 to Five-mile Cross, b.e. 
 
 Essenden, 4 m. n. by e. from Stamford in Lincoln- 
 shire. See the south doorway of the Ch. as a fine speci- 
 men of the early Saxon, b.e. 
 
 TiciiENcoTE, 3 m. n.w. by w. from Stamford. The 
 very ancient Saxon Ch., monuments, and font, shoxdd by 
 no means be neglected by the antiquarian tourist : the Ch. 
 is supposed one of the oldest in England, b.e. 
 
 Briuge Castekton, 2| m. from Stamford. A curious 
 monument in the Ch. Near Casterton grows the Linvtn 
 perenue. b.e. 
 
 Norm anton, (i m. e. by s. from Oakham. Normanton 
 House, the seat of Sir G. Heathcote, bait.: here are some 
 fine statues and pictures ; from the grounds are beautiful 
 prospects. Near is a famous chalybeate .spring, b.e. 
 
 Ketton, 4 m. w.s.w. from Stamford. Fine ancient Ch. 
 with Saxon architecture. Stone quarries, from which is 
 raised the freestone resembling the roe of fishes, b.e. 
 
 In this county were other monasteries, castles, &:c. viz. 
 Edith Weston Pr. (temp. Hen. I.), Morcot Hospital (temp. 
 James I.), and Wissendine House. 
 
 minerals, 
 
 Freestone : at Ketton. 
 Talc : at Lynden. 
 
 Limestone with organic remains : in the north part of 
 the county. 
 
 rare plants. 
 Linum perenne, Perennial Flax ; -near Bridge Caster- 
 ton, 0, 7. 
 
 Luthru:u
 
 RUTLANDSHIRE. 
 
 Lathrau Squamaria, Toothwort : at Exton near Stam- 
 ford, 4. 
 
 Urtica pilulifera, Roman Nettle: near Uppingham, 6j, 
 
 Atropa Belladonna, Deadly Nightshade: about North 
 Luftenham, 6. 
 
 Dipsacus pHosv.s, Small Teasel : in a lane near Edith 
 Weston, 8. 
 
 Mclampyrum cristatum, Crested Cow-wheat: between 
 Tolethorp and Ryhall, 7- 
 
 Sijnipltaa alba, White Water Lily: in the river near 
 Tixover, and pita in Tinwell meadows, 7- 
 
 Parnussia palv.strh, Grass of Parnassus: on a bog be- 
 tween Normanton and Epingham, and at Manton, I), 10. 
 
 Pinguicnla vulgaris, Bntterwort : bog near North Luf- 
 fenham, .3, 6'. 
 
 Sambucus cbuhis, Dwarf Elder : in a field at the e. end 
 of North Luflcnhum, J,
 
 S T A F F O R D S H I R E 
 
 Is bounded on the n. by Cheshire and Derbyshire, r.. and 
 s.i:. by Derbyshire and Warwickshire, on the n. by Wor- 
 cestershire, and on the \v. and w.x.w. by Shropshire and 
 Cheshire. Its length is about 55 miles, and breadth/about 
 24; its circumference 145 miles, containing 1,196 square 
 utiles. The climate is rather inclining to wet, yet the air 
 is good: but in the northern parts, where the hills pre- 
 vail, it is cold and bleak. The middle and southern parts 
 are in general agreeably diversified with wood, pasture, and 
 arable : both its agriculture and farming stock are in a pro- 
 gressive state of improvement. On the rich lands border- 
 ing on the Trent dairying is successfully pursued. Coal 
 is found in abundance in various parts ; and the county is 
 rich in other mineral productions and valuable earths. The 
 manufactures of the county are important and numerous. 
 The principal rivers are the Trent, Dove, Tame, and the 
 Sow. The (hand Trunk Canal and its branches give much 
 case to the water carriage of the county. 
 
 Tamwohth, a market town. Ch. monuments and dou- 
 ble stair-case in the steeple. Castle (about Hen. II.). -1 m. 
 distant, at Seckindon, is the site of a Castle, p. 
 
 Hint-, 4 m. w. by s. from Tamworth. Grecian Ch. and 
 monuments. Near the Ch. a large tumulus, b.e. 
 
 WKEronn, 4 m. s.s.e. from Litchfield. Near is a large 
 tumulus ; also the fine mansion of the l^wmsons family, e.k. 
 
 Shi-.nstoni-:, 5 m. s. from Litchfield. Little Aston, a 
 handsome mansion witli a noble lake and elegant conser- 
 vatory. On a small hill a fortification called Old Fori Cas- 
 tle, u'.h. 
 
 LiTCHi'iKLT). Cathedral (about 1 140) and curious sculp- 
 ture in St. Mary's Chapel. Museum near the Registrars 
 house. Theatre. Ancient Tower near the close. St. Chad's 
 Oh. monr.meins and font. St. Chad's Well. Monuments 
 in St. Peter's Ch. Botanic Garden. 'J he admirers of Dr. 
 Johnson will have a pleasure in seeing the house where his 
 lather resided. Cwinpunula patula' grows near the Bath. 
 
 NotuX-
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 No'ros-rvnrR-CAN'NocK, 5j rn. \v. by s. from Litch- 
 field. Manor-house of Little Wirley; in the hall some an- 
 tique armour, &c. b.e. 
 
 Cmitpn Campvili,e, 5 m. n.e. fry y. from Tamwoith. 
 Ch. monuments and pain;?:! glass, b.e. 
 
 Llfokh, 4j m. n. by w. from Taraworth. Fine r,- u- 
 ments and painted figures ir. the Ch. Nearth* park farm 
 is a tumulus called Elford Low. 1 m. from the ab( ye is 
 another; both are called by the common people Robin 
 Hood's Shooting Butts. 
 
 Loncdov, 3 m. n.w. by n. from Litchfield. Near is 
 Reaudesert, the princely seat of the Marquis of Anglesey. 
 On the summit of a hill are trai cs of a large encampment 
 c idled Castle Hili, supposed British, from whence is a fine 
 view. In the vicinity ot'Longdon is found cannel coal. n.n. 
 
 Armitaoe, 2km. e.s.e. from Rudgley. Saxon archi- 
 tecture and painted glass in the Ch. In the pleasure- 
 grounds of Mr. Lister the Grand Trunk Canal passes 
 through a very noble subterraneous cavern or tunnel, d.k. 
 
 Rudgley, a handsome market town. Near is the fine 
 aqueduct belonging to the Grand Trunk Canal : See also 
 the Iron Forges and Colour Mills. 2 m. n. upon Cannock 
 Chase is a celebrated cold bath. b.e. 
 
 Wolsf.ley, l m. n.w. iYom Rudgley. The little bridge 
 which leads from the park across the river is situate in one 
 of the most sequestered soets in England, b.e. 
 
 Colwich, 2 m. n. from Rudgley. Monuments in the 
 Ch. and Anscr.'s Catacomb. Nothing can be more charm- 
 ing than the scenery around this village, b.k. 
 
 Buthfield, 3% m. n. from Rudgley. The Ch. has a 
 number of fine monument}. Near is the seat of the Bagot 
 family, containing c splendid collection of paintings, and 
 the Park some beautiful scenery, u.f. 
 
 FtFE Ridware, 3i :r. frcm Rudgley. Ancient Ch. and 
 curious old font. b.k. 
 
 Hamstal Rii:ware, 4 m. e.n.e. from Rudgley.- Ch. 
 monuments and painted glass. Watch Tower. La the Ma- 
 nor-house is a coat of mail of Ring Charles's; alio a cu- 
 rie - Stone Hammer, End a very singular Iron Cage for 
 the heads of scolding women. See Mr. Riley's Botanic 
 Carden. 
 
 Vox A I I.,
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Yoxai.l, 6 m. s.n.e. from Litchfield. Cli. and monu- 
 ments. a.L. 
 
 Wichnor, 51 m. n.e. from Litchfield. Fine view from 
 the Ch.-yard. Noble range of aqueducts over the Trent. 
 Vestiges zi a Roman Camp in the incloaures cf Wichnor 
 Lodge. 3.F.. 
 
 Bukto.v-upon-Trent, a market town. Remains of the 
 Abbey (1004). Near the Town Hall is a very remarkable 
 old house, adorned with a number of wooden pillars fu- 
 riously carved. Bowling Green. Ancient bridge or .'36 
 arches, supposed as old as the Conquest. See the paints! 
 glass in the Ch. of Burton-under-Needwood. The fine ale 
 of this town is much noted. &.E. 
 
 Tutbury, a market town. Rvins cf the Castle. Tiie 
 west side of the Ch. has some Saxes sculpture. In Neeu- 
 wood Forest, by EalandLceige, is the famous Swilcaf Oak, 
 supposed 600 years eld. h.e. At the Cas'^e, now in ru::.-. 
 Mary Queen of Scots vas confined. 
 
 Uttoxeter, a marlet town.- Ch. Handsome Bridge. 
 In the vicinity are massy Iron Forces. At Cfceckley, 4< rn. 
 e. from Uttoxeter, are tl- -; Pyramidal Stones of Memo- 
 rial In the Ch.-yard, supposed to ;ommemorate a battle 
 between the Danes and E-:; . .; :. 3.E. 
 
 Roucester, 4 ni. n. by _. :.:,;) Uttoxeter. Ch. monu- 
 ments. Curious Cress in the Ch.-/ rd. In an out-hc m 
 near are the remains of a Cross, n.i.. 
 
 Croxden, 5 m. n.n. v.*. from Uttcxoter. Fine ruins of 
 the Abbey (1 166). Between Upper and Lower Tean is a 
 spring called the Weil in the Wall, ridiculously supposed 
 to throw out smali bones of birds all the year except in Jv iy 
 and August. At Tean is an extensive rope manufactory. b..;. 
 
 Alvjeton, 4 m. e. bys. from C beadle. Romantic ruirs 
 of the Castle, b.e. 
 
 Cheadle, a market town. Near are copper, brass, and 
 tin-works. A pleasant walk in Cbead'c Park. b.e. 
 
 Okeover, 3 in. n.w. from Ashbourne in Derbyshire. 
 Ch. monuments. Near is a handsome seat with a valuable 
 collection of paintings, i m. s. from the Ch. is an entrench- 
 ment called the Hallsteds, with tumuli, n.w. of the Ch. in 
 Arbour Close are tumuli, b.e. 
 
 Blohe, !) rn. n.f.. by e. from Cheadle. Ch. monuments, 
 &c. A Cross at Blorc Heath, repaired in 1765. 
 
 Ila.m,
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Ii.am, 9h m. n.k. by e. from Cheadle, and 3? from Ash- 
 l.'ourne in Derbyshire from the hitter place it is generally 
 visited. The picturesque scenery at 11am is superior to 
 any in the county. Mr. dive's pleasure-grounds are beau- 
 tiful ; in the garden two rivers rise from under the lime- 
 stone rock. In a limestone grotto are exhibited specimens, 
 supposed petrified fish. In another grotto near this place 
 Congreve wrote his Comedy of the Old Bachelor, d.k. 
 
 VVktton, 7 2 ni. f. by s. from Leek, situate in the 
 midst of romantic cliiTs. Near is Thor's Cave. b. 
 
 Ifstones, 4$ m. n.e. by k. from Cheadle. Plantations 
 of J. Sneyd, esq. where the botanist may find a great va- 
 riety of curious p'av: f s. h.e. 
 
 Lee:*., a market town. Near are the remains of Di inl- 
 ine re's Abbey (1214;. Manufactories of silk, mohair, and 
 buttons. In the Ch.-yurd is a stone of memorial, supposed 
 Danish. 7 m. i:. is Ecton Hill, in which is one ot the most 
 valuable copper-ininei in England. At Ball Mine are found 
 cathead fo.vsiis, with impressions of leaves, n.i -.. Ecton 
 Mine may be more conveniently visited from the Xi vvh;i- 
 ven inn, between Ashbourne and Buxton in Derbyshire. 
 Near Leek is Ball Have, the seat of Dr. Huimc: in the 
 grounds is a mineral spring. Between Morton and Bud- 
 gard is tlie reservoir for the canal, wiiieh covers iOG tcie<, 
 and is beautifully wooded ; the mechanism by which the 
 water id discharged iron; the re.-ervoir is very euriou , and 
 deserving the particular attention of the tourist. n.E. 
 
 RusiiTox Scknci.u, o\ in. n.w. by n. from Leek A 
 curious spring called tst. Helen's Weil, which conveys a ..- 
 ter to the adjoining cotton-works, b.k. 
 
 Bu>m i. pii, 5 m. w.n.w. from Leek. Part of a DriA'i- 
 cal circle called Bridcstoncs. West of these a pavement 
 of an artificial cave or remains of a cromlech nearly ssimii u 
 to Kitt's Cotty House in Kent. 
 
 Bchslkm, a large market town. The potteries neaV are 
 superior to any in Europe, is.e. 
 
 Newcastle-unoer-Line, a large market town. f-i'e 
 of a Castle. Hat manufactory. Keel Hall deserves partica- 
 lar attention I ; ! in. is Etruria, Mr. Wedgwood's house a'.d 
 manufactory. 2 m. v. at 1 Fauiey irecn is found peacock c r<\\ 
 4 in. s.s.e. at Trcntnara is the noble seat of the Marqu, ; of 
 Stafford, with a huiuLonie lake and bcautifuj ground ; . a . .. . 
 
 BETi.y,
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Bett.ev, 7b m - w - by n. from Newcastle. The appear- 
 ance of this village is extremely neat. Near arc the seats 
 of Mr. Toilet and Mr. Fletcher. 1 m. s.j;. are the remains 
 of Ileyley Castle, b.e. 
 
 Maek, (> in. n.n.w. from Eccleshal 1 .. Near is a Saxon 
 station ('ailed Bruff or Burgh, with double fess and ram- 
 pire of stone. Opposite to this Camp are the Camp-Hills, 
 near which are many tumuli; on-- of them called Copiow 
 particularly claims attention. At Willow Bridge is a medi- 
 cinal spring, b.e. 
 
 Swixxebtox, 4 m. x. from Eccleshall. The School- 
 house contains a remarkable colossal figure of our Saviour, 
 sitting. See also the Ch. monuments n.E. 
 
 Daklastox, 2 m. x.w. from Stone. Near is Bury Bank 
 with the ruins of a Castle. Aston Hall, a public place of 
 amusement, with wilderness, bowiing-g- een, and a mau- 
 soleum of Sir James Simeon, b.k. 
 
 Saxdox, 4 m. x.x.k. from Stafford. Ch. monuments 
 and seat of the Earl of Harrowby. :.;:. 
 
 Chahtley, 6' m. x.E.by e. from Stafford. Fine ruins 
 of a Castle, b.e. 
 
 Stafford, a market town. Mor.umi nts in St. Mary's 
 Ch and very curious font. Bully Hill. :.i. s.w. the re- 
 
 in; :.:s of the Castle. Near Castie Ch. ' : -ye very pictu- 
 res t;ue scenery. 5 m. e. Shugboeough, the charming seat 
 and grounds of Lord Anson. 3 in. w. is IJiilington or Bil- 
 linglonBiry, an ancient Camp with double f.;ss,froin whence 
 is a beavtitul and extensive prespect. Near is a Weeping 
 Cress. Gent. Mag. vo!. 73, p. 314. 
 
 Tixall, 4 m. s.e. from Stafford. Ch. monuments and 
 curious Pu'p'.t. Ancient Gateway (a mixture of Grecian and 
 Gothic) of the old Manor-house. On Tixall-Heath are two 
 lows or tumuli, called the Kings and Queen's Low. x.w. is 
 Ingestre Hal', in the Eli/.abethian style. See Beacon Hill 
 Rocks between Stafford and Hcpton Heath. 
 
 Sk t jgborough, 5 m. e. from Stafford. The magnifi- 
 cent mansion of Lord Anson contains a great number of fine 
 pictures, statues, &e. amongst the latter the two principal 
 are an Adonis and Thalia. The gardens are superbly em- 
 bellished with sculpture from Italy, ar.cl a fine monument. In 
 the ground: a: i a h : :.\z<z house femple of the Winds, &c. 
 iui ii, i Ronton,
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 RoNTinv, 3 in. s.r,. from Eceleshall. Remains of a Pr. 
 (temp. Hen. 11.). 
 
 Ijt [.lsiiau,, a market-town. The Palace with elegant 
 shrubbery. S.one Cross upon Blore Heath in commemo- 
 ration o; the battle between the House of York and Lan- 
 caster in \45'J.n.r.. 6 m. v.s.w. is Norbury Ch. Effigy in 
 armour of General Rupert, and three other effigies within 
 t:ic communion rails. Gent. Mac;, vol. T-K P 20. 
 
 Sh.-.reshill, 5 in. x.x.r.. from Wolverhampton. In 
 the Ch. several antique monuments. On the south and 
 north side of the village are two Camps, supposed Roman. 
 
 Oons.u \j, -i m. N.by w. from Wolverhampton. The Ch. 
 is much admired. Near is ?. sulphureous well. b.k. 
 
 Wolvkkhampto v, a large market-town. Monuments, 
 , font, &e. in Si. Peter's Ch. : in the Chapel several 
 i {. monuments; a bras- - statue of Sir Richard Lcvison, wlio 
 io'iyhs the Spa 'liards under Sir Francis Drake. Old stone 
 Miulpit in trie Ch. \PU<:icUt. Top.) Very curious ancient 
 folvcna in the Ch.-yard. Manufactories of locks and keys. 1 
 i m s.u. at Kiiston, arc furnaces for smelting iron ore, 
 lodges, and stUUrij mills : also a manufactory of japanned 
 .. : ..<i enamelled goer.- . In the neighbourhood are. mines of 
 coal, ; ron-sto;jc, tjuarry- 'one, and ciay. At. Bradley a coal 
 I as been en lire If- years and continues burning. }.ip;*n 
 ware manufactory. 8 :n. n. from Wolverhampton, Eu.-h- 
 L'ufy Cn. monuments and larg^ tumulus are worthy of no- 
 tice, a f,. 5} m. w.s.w. at Sesaon. is Abbot? or Apewood 
 Castle, supposed a British fortiheation, commanding a 
 charming view. e.e. 
 
 Pattinbham, 3 m. s.w. from Wolverhampton. Ch. 
 monuments and ancient Cross in the Ch.-yard perfectly <.':. - 
 tire. 1 m. n. at Pateshall, is the seat of Lord Pigot. The 
 i.. '-o of Pateshall Ch. is particularly worthy notice. 
 
 SroOE^EY, 3 m. s. from Wolverhampton. Extensive 
 iron manufactories of different kinds, b.e. 
 
 Evville, 9 m. s.w. by s. from Wolverhampton. Ch. 
 monuments, and noble mansion of the Earl of Stamford : 
 in the grounds is a beautiful lake and a fine cascade. Shrn- 
 a;:>r.e' Chapel with painted glass. Rotunda and Sheoherds 
 LV:ge, &c. b.e. 
 
 KiN9S SwiNTORn, 7 m. s.s.w. from Wolverhampton. 
 Ch mer-umenfs. Class manufactorv. Manor-house in 
 
 the
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 the middle of the village. Near is Prestwood, a handsome 
 seat with elegant pleasure-grounds. On Ashwood ileuth 
 the remains of a Roman Camp, called Church-yard. b.e. 
 
 Kniver or Kinver, 3 m. n. from Kidderminster. Ch. 
 monuments and painted glass. Old armour in the Town 
 Hall. Between the Warren House and Sandy Town are 
 the remains of an ancient Camp, below it a tumulus, near 
 it a stone of memorial about 6 feet high, called Baston or 
 Bollstone. See Stourton Castie. 2 m. e. St. Kenelm's Cha- 
 pel with curious sculpture, b.e. 
 
 Over Arley, 3 ru. w. from Kidderminster. Ch. monu- 
 ments and painted glass. In Arley Wood are the remains 
 of a Roman Camp with triple foss on one side. b.e. 
 
 Dudley, 3 m. s. from Wednesbury. Bemains of a no- 
 ble Castle (circa Hen. II.), the view from it very extensive. 
 Tunnel and limestone quarries. Rev. J. Cartwr'ght's fos- 
 sils. The very rare fossil called Pedicnlus marinus is found 
 here. At Tipton, see the red lead, white lead, metal sash- 
 window, and iron manufactories, b.e. 
 
 Wednesbury, a market-town. This town has many 
 manufactories, among them enamel painting in the finest 
 style. Handsome Ch. and monuments ; the prospect from 
 the Ch.-yard. Extensive coal-pits in this neighbourhood. 
 Near this place is found the iron ore called Blond Metal. 
 e.?;. 
 
 West Bromwich, 2 m. s e. from Wedneslwry. Near 
 is Sandweil Park, the elegant seat of the Earl of Dartmouth, 
 conta ning many valuable paintings, b.e. 
 
 Walsall, a market-town. Curious carving on the 
 seats of the Ch. Near is Bescot Hall. b.e. 
 
 Rushall, 1 m. n.e. by :;. from Walsall. Ch. and cu- 
 rious old Cross in the Ch.-yard. Oval stones like honey- 
 comb, containing liquor called Musk, drunk by the miners. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Great Bar, 3|- m. s.e. from Walsall. Bar Bf-acor. Near 
 is a seat of the Scots family, with very beautiful grounds, 
 a cascade, fccc. The Chapel is elegant, and contains some 
 handsome painted glass. 
 
 Handswgrth, 4 m. from Wednesbury. Hamsted 
 
 House has beautiful grounds, in which is a remarkably 
 
 larg-e lime-tree. In this neighbourhood stands Soho, the 
 
 \ J most
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 jnost extensive manufactory for Birmingham ware in Eu- 
 rope. Soho House has handsome pleasure-grounds. Mr. 
 Kggmton's house is in this parish; see his painted glass. 
 
 L.!. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Iron ore : at Tipton, Bilston, and w. of Newcastle. 
 
 iron ore called Blood inetal : at Wcdnesbury. 
 
 Iron-stone : Bilston near Wolverhampton. 
 
 Copper ore : at Ecton Mill, and Mixon near Leek. 
 
 Lead ore : at Ecton-hill mine. 
 
 Slickensides Galena ( B. M. 426) : Ecton mine. 
 
 A variety of Carbonate of lime {B. M. 275, 276) : Ec- 
 ton Mine. 
 
 Spherical sulphate of barytes called Cauk (J3. M. VO : 
 Ecton Mine near Leek. 
 
 Lenticular carbonate of lime called Brazils or Brasses 
 (B. 37.426) : at Dudley in the coal. 
 
 Limestone: at Dudley Castle and Sedglcy. 
 
 Sand for casting metals : Dudley. 
 
 Coal : near Cheadlc. 
 
 Peacock coal: at Hauler Green "2 m. x.w. of Newcastle. 
 
 Canal or Candle coal : near Longdon. 
 
 Eree-sto'ic : ar Tixall, Wrottvsley, and Pendcford. 
 
 Race marble: on Velpesley Tor. 
 
 Grav marble : at Stansop. 
 
 Black marble : at Powke Hill. 
 
 Alabaster : near Tutbury. 
 
 Black chalk : in the beds of gray marble in Langley 
 Close. 
 
 Rod earth : under a rock near Ilimley Green. 
 
 Potters clay: near Newcastle, 
 
 Clay for the gl:.- >-him.-i-s : King's Swinford and Am- 
 blecote. 
 
 fos : i.s. 
 
 Catheads with imnn ssions of leaves and stcm^, eVc. : 
 Ball Mine near Leek. 
 
 Cardhuns, inillcporcs, &c. in the limestone works 
 p. :' ( 'ahlo.'i Low. 
 
 /' . '' i very- rare fossi! : at 
 
 
 
 1;AU
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 RARK PLANTS. 
 
 Galium JVithsringii , Rough Heath Bed-straw: on the 
 boggy parts of Handsworth Heath, 7- 
 
 Campanula patula, Spreading Bell-flower : near the 
 bath at Litchfield, 7, 8. 
 
 Viola lutea, Yellow Mountain Violet : cornfields in the 
 moorlands between Leek and Buxton, G. 
 
 Verbascum Lychnitis, White Mullein: Kinver near the 
 Rock Houses, 7, 8. 
 
 Lonicera Caprifolium, Pale Perfoliate Honeysuckle: in*- 
 a wood near Elsfield, 5, 6. 
 
 C'ctifa virosa, Water Hemlock: Kingston Pool near 
 Stafford, S. 
 
 Scandix orforafa,Great Chervil : at Tixallnear Stafford,5. 
 
 Pimpinella magna, Great Burnet Saxifrage : hedges at 
 Ham, 7, 8. 
 
 Sambucus ebulus, Dwarf Elder: Tutbury Castle and 
 Tarn worth Castle, 7. 
 
 Drosera longifolia, Lopg-leaved Sundew : on the hil- 
 locks called Fiddle Bogs, and bog at Willow Bridge, 7, S. 
 
 Fritillaria Mclcogris, Common Fritillary: in a meadow 
 near Blymhill m. towards Wolsey Bridge to Stafford, 4. 
 
 Chlorc vcrfoliata,\ i\\ow Centaury : Ranton Abbey, 7,$- 
 
 Vaccinlum V Wis Idea, Red Whortie-berry : Cannock- 
 Hsath, 6. 
 
 Facchuum Oxy coccus, Cranberry : Bishops Woods near 
 Eccleshall, 6. 
 
 Daphne Mszsrev.w, Mezereon: Needwood Forest, 3, 4. 
 
 Polygonum Bisiorta, Great Bistort ; near the Infirmary 
 at Stafford, 6. 
 
 Monotropa Hijpopitys, Yellow Bird's-nest : Lord Stam- 
 ford's woods at Enville, 6. 
 
 Chrysosplenzum ulternlfolium, Alternate-leaved Golden 
 Saxifrage : Moorlands at Belmont, 5. 
 
 Euphorbia Cyparissias, Cypress Spurge : Lord Stam- 
 ford s woods at Enville, 5, 6. 
 
 Euphorbia C'haracius, Red Spurge : in Heywood park, 
 Keedwood Forest, 3, 4. 
 
 Pr un.>ts Padus, Bird Cherry: hedges at ??r.derford, 5. 
 
 Geum rivale, Water Avens : at Ham, 6, 1 . 
 
 i 3 C'stut
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Cistus marifuUus, Hoarv-dvvarf Cistus : top of Wcevor 
 Hill, 5, (!. 
 
 Ranunculus Lingvo, Great Spear-wort : Kineson Pool 
 near Stafford, ", . 
 
 Uteris nvdkaulis, Naked-stalked Candv-tuft : near 
 Leek, 5. 
 
 Curdumine amara, Bitter Ladies Smock : in the bog 
 near the baili at Willow Bridge, 4, .*>. 
 
 Gcranhnn prate use, Crowfoot -leaved Cranes-bill : mea- 
 dows at Ham, (i, 7- 
 
 Lathyrus Nissolia, Crimson Lathyrus : woods at Bel- 
 mont and Cotton-field, ^taffoid, 5. " 
 
 Hyjtericum Androseeutvm, Tut: an St. John's Wort: 
 woods near Burslem, 7, 8. 
 
 Gnaphalhnn margoritaceum, American Cudweed: in a 
 meadow at Longdon near Litchfield, 8. 
 
 Snli.r pentandra, Sweet Willow: Willow Bays at Wol- 
 verhampton, . r ), (!. 
 
 Carer stricta, Glaucous straight-leaved Carcx : Pitmoor 
 pool dam, 4. 
 
 Empetrum nigrum, Cro ,v- or Crakebcrry : on the bog at 
 Willow Bridge, 5. 
 
 Equisetum syhat'ieum, Wood Horsetail: Cotton Hull 
 dingle and moorlands. 
 
 Polypodium Dryoptcrh, Three-branched Polypody : 
 between Cotton Hall moorlands and Oakamoor. 
 
 Polijpodium, or CyuthwfmgiUs, Brittle Cup Fein: op. 
 walls near the above.
 
 WESTMORELAND 
 
 I; bounded on the N.w?and x. by Cumberland, on the f.. by 
 Durham andYorkshire, and onthe s.ands.w. by Lancashire. 
 The length of this county is about 40 miles, and from 16 
 to 25 in breadth, containing 844 square miles. The cli- 
 mate of the county is generally moist ; the air is however 
 pure and healthy, but the winters aic rather long and 
 pinching. The county is divided into two baronies ; that 
 or Westmoreland, although abounding with hills and ge- 
 neral inequalities of surface, is an open country compared 
 with the barony of Kendal ; this district abounds with 
 mountains, many of which are bleak and barren, usually 
 called Fells. 
 
 Scarcely one quarter of the county is under cultivation, 
 and this is mostly for oats. On the hills are grazed large 
 flocks of sheep and herds of black cattle, which arc sent in- 
 to the neighbouring counties. On the moors great quanti- 
 ties of geese arc bred for distant markets. The moun- 
 tains are stored with prodigious numbers of grouse, which 
 cause an influx of sportsmen in the shooting season. The 
 commerce and manufactures of Westmoreland are of con- 
 siderable extent, particularly in coarse woollen cloth. The 
 Eden, Ehnot, Loder, Ken, and Lunc, are the principal ri- 
 vers : there are besides several lakes, among which is Win- 
 ander Mere, the largest in England. 
 
 Beetham or Bytham, 2m. s. from Milthorpe. Ruins of 
 Helslack Tower and Arnside Tower, which is more per- 
 fect. Helslack Mosses are remarkable for ants ; and in Au- 
 gust, when they take wing, a thousand sea mews may be 
 seen catching them, which the country people call the pis- 
 mire fleet. Ilaverbrack Hall Park, and line cascade, also 
 Castle Banks, b.f.. 
 
 Levins, (i m. s. from Kendal. Levins Hall has a beau- 
 tiful park, near which by the river is a petrifying spring or 
 dropping well, also a cascade called Levins Force; on the 
 \. side of the Force is an iron forge. In the park are cu- 
 rious ruins of one of them called Kirkstead. b.k. 
 
 KENDALj
 
 WESTMORELAND. 
 
 Ki.n-dal, a large market-town. Ch monuments. Ruins 
 of the Castle, and Castle Law Hill. Curious Museum, 
 Marble manufactory. At the east end of Strammongate 
 bridge i ; a curious house with a motto in front, Pax hue 
 domo. Near Kirkbarrow a place called Anchorites House. 
 2|- rn. s. at Natland i3 Water Crook, a Roman station. Be- 
 tween Water Crook and Nether Bridge is a spot called 
 Watchficld, from whence is a hne view. On the top of 
 Helm Hill is a fort called Castlesteads, with triple foss. 
 Un Hay Fell is an exploratory Camp culled Cony Beds 
 commanding a most beautiful panoramic view. b.e. 
 
 Sizergh, 5 m. s.s.w. from Kendal. Slzergh Hall, the 
 seat of T. Strickland, esq. contains several excellent por- 
 traits. B.E. 
 
 Borrowijiudge cr Barrowbrzdge, m. n.e. by n. 
 from Kendal. 100 yards s. of Borrowbrid^e is a Roman 
 (.'amp, part of it walled, called Castle Howes, b.e. 
 
 Long Ijlkddle, 8 m. n. by w. from Kendal. In t'is, 
 dale is Ubery Hall, an ancient tower with massive wa'iis ; 
 and many cataracts, particularly one called Gillforth Spouf, 
 which falls 100 yards in an unbroken sheet. See aha 
 Wrangdale Head slate cpiarries. In the vicinity of Long 
 Sleddle are many curious plants ; near the waterfalls is the 
 Alchemilla alpina. b.e. 
 
 Winandermere, 9 m. w.n.w. from Kendal. Ch. mo- 
 nument. Low Wood Inn is one of the best situations for 
 the tourist to survey the beauties of this charming lake. 
 Calgarth plantations, which adorn the elegant mansion of 
 the learned Bishop of Landaff, are particularly worthy the 
 notice of those who are fond of planting. Bnrran's Ring, 
 a Roman station, is near the head of Winandermere Lake. 
 
 Ambleside, a market-town. The scenery between 
 Ambleside mills and High-groves by Stockgill Brooke, is 
 well deserving the tourist's notice. 2 m. n. from Amble- 
 side is Grassmere, a charming lake. At Rydall Hall are 
 two handsome cascades. Not far from these is Dun-mel- 
 wrays, a very curious heap of stones supposed to have been 
 erected in memory of a battle in i)46. Where the road 
 turns off from Grassmere to Keswick is part of a Druids 
 circle, b.e. * 
 
 Patterdale, 71 m. n. by e. from Ambleside. This 
 
 Dale
 
 WESTMORELAND. 
 
 Dale is much admired for the diversity and beauty of its 
 scenery. Towards Ambleside is a remarkable heap of 
 stones called Woundalc-raise. b.k. 
 
 Bampton, a market-town. In Codale is a place called 
 the Old Church, formed with a slight vallum of stones and 
 earth, having in ii:> centre a cairn or pile of stones. On 
 Burnbanks are the Giants Graves. The folds in the wood, 
 on Knype Scar are supposed the site of a British village. 
 On Lowther Scar is a circle of large stones, probably Dru- 
 idical. b.l. 
 
 Helton Fi,eckkt, 3 m. n. from Bampton. Near Hel- 
 ton is a remarkable upright stone called Helton Copstone, 
 and not far from it towards the n. is a Druids circle called 
 Druids Cross. At the head of Eilerbcck is another Diuids 
 circle called the Cock-stones: there is ai.^u a large cairn 
 called White-raise, in the descent from Moorduvvock to 
 Pooley. The high land immediately w. of Askliam affords 
 a most charming and extensive prorptct. b.e. 
 
 Eamoxt, 12 m. w.x.w. from Appleby, and 1 : : m. from 
 Penrith in Cumberland. Sec Arthur's Hound Tabic, a cu- 
 rious circi': consisting of a high valium of earih. Maybo- 
 rough, on tiie w. side of Eamont bridge, is a circle of loose 
 stones 15 feet high, in the centre is a column 12 feet high. 
 a.h. 
 
 Brougham, 11.-' m. x.w. by w. from Appleby, and 1-j m. 
 s.k. from I'enrith. Ruins of the Castle, the lower apart- 
 ment ornamented with grotesque heads. Curious painted 
 glass in Brougham Hail, and beautiful prospect from the 
 line terraces. Opposite Brougham Ch. is the Giants Cave. 
 
 C.I}. 
 
 Lowther, 12 m. w. by n. from Appleby, and 4} in, s. 
 from Penrith. Lowther Castle, the magnificent mansion 
 of Lord Lonsdale. The park and pleasure-grounds are 
 extremely beautiful. The Ch.has some fine monuments, b.e. 
 
 Askham, 12 m. w. by n. from Appleby, and 4,'- m. from 
 Penrith. The Ch. is one of the most remaikabie in West- 
 moreland. Marble quarry near the bridge. The highlands 
 w. of the village afford a most charming view. it.:;. 
 
 C litton, 2-t in. from Penrith. Small painted window 
 iti the Ch. Medicinal Well. b.e. 
 
 Tlmi'i.:. SowEhiii'j (1 m. x.w. from Arylebv. A welE 
 
 :. all
 
 WESTMORELAND. 
 
 built village, with a neat Chapel and Bridge. The 1 4th mile- 
 stone from brough stands near the village, lfX) yards s. of 
 it ia a Roman mile pillar among furze on the hedge side. 
 1 on. k. is Acornbank, a sent of J. Bozeman, esq. with 
 many excellent paintings. S?e also the runs and vaults ac 
 Uuwgill Castle. 2 m. w. a prodigious oak called Three 
 Brother Tree, and Pembroke's Pillar. 
 
 Newbiggen, 7 m. n.w. by n. from Appleby. Painted 
 glass in the Ch. Inscriptions upon the Written Rock. } m. 
 s.e. from the Written Rock, at Crawdundale-wath, are cu- 
 rious entrenchments called Loscar Crofts, b.e. 
 
 Kikbvthore, 4\ m. n.w. by k. from Appleby. In the 
 middle of the village a Roman station called High Burwens 
 or Whelp Castle. Roman inscription in a wall before a 
 house, beginning with 1UV1 SERAPI. On Burwens Hill is 
 a Roman Camp. u.f.. 
 
 Dufton, 3; m. n. from Appleby. On the s. end of 
 Dunfell is an entrenchment with deep fosses called Gre ;n 
 Castle. At the foot of the mountain e. of Milborne 
 appearances ot circular camps and entrenchments probably 
 British. 
 
 Appleby, a market town. Paintings and Clifford's ar- 
 mour in the Castle. Ch. monuments. Roman inscriptions 
 upon the front of a house formerly Mr. Bainbrigg's. "2 m. 
 k. from Appleby, by the way-side between Crackenthorpe 
 and Kirkbythore, on the s. of the Roman Way is a Roman 
 Camp, and a short distance from it a small fort called Mai- 
 flfnhold. 4 m. n.w. the ruins of Buiey i'j 
 
 Crosby Ravensworth, 5 m, x. from Orton, Tomb- 
 stone in the Ch. and Cross in the: Ch.-yard. Penhurreok, 
 part of a huge pile of rocks called Glints. A li'tie ab 
 Oddenuale is a Druids circle. 1 m. from Crosby is an en- 
 i .'enchment consisting of '.wo v,uure forts, b.e. 
 
 tiHAP, i'_ in. s w. from -: " ; . Pine ruins of the Abbey 
 (T-.-m. II.). Anney Weil, which ebbs and flows: a little 
 above it is a petrifying '- ng, N'er.r is a sti pe: clous mo- 
 nument cf antiquity called Carl Lofts, composed of two 
 lines cf !r."."c ol;( il -Irs of u.:he vn granite one of i he: < is 
 called liugglebv h'.o :e : the most perfect part of this .< - 
 ri-j'i- nionumovl is . ''~ag the t >p cf the lluie ' -.- >, i,.:\y 
 between the lanes from Shap to Ktlcl. Ncari: a turn: i-i* 
 
 cal id
 
 WESTMORELAND. 
 
 called Skellaw. I m. n.e. of Shapis a Druids circle i;i great 
 perfection, it is called the Drui.i.s Temple, b.k. 
 
 Ohton, a market-town. Upon the highest part of ();- 
 ton Scar (which is lamed for dotterels) are remains of a 
 beacon; behind it is Castle Fold-", an ancient fortification. 
 Near Raisgul Hall is a tumulus in a circle. Near Tebay 
 is a iuuu;:t called Castle How, and in a field called Gaiia- 
 ber stands Brimdreth Stone with crosses cut upon it. A 
 little s. of Rountkwaite is Gondsd.kc Spring, which casts 
 up s:::aii pieces of uvea. b.k. 
 
 Ash in, " in. n.e'. from Orton. St. Helen's Well. Near 
 is Pate-hole, a cirioui cavern. I in. from Great Ashby in 
 Sayle Bottom are several tumuli. n.E. 
 
 SANDrop.p, 4h m. w.n.w. from B rough. Near is a 
 small Camp and three or four tuinvli. Upon a hill not far 
 distant is another ("amp. Near Coupland-beck Bridge are 
 the ruins of a round fort. n.E. 
 
 Brough, a market-town. Ruins of the Castle, Crc<*, 
 and Well. 5 in. z. from Brough is Maiden Castle, and 2 m. 
 further towards Barnard Castle is a Unman Camp. At the 
 turnpike house is a Roman altar, wiih COH.V. On StaLi- 
 moor, E.cf Brccgb,is ; Cross or pillar, being the bounda y- 
 scone between Yorkshire and CumN rland, set up in coa- 
 -oau~r.ee cf su treaty between the Conqueror and the King 
 ci Scotland, and ir decorated with their tliigics. Vide Brit- 
 tor* s Arch. Antlq. vol. 1, p. 3.3. 
 
 k:ss"V Stephen, a market-town. Ch. monument:;. 
 Frcrr. the summit of Wildboar Fell is a very extensive 
 prospect, and the view from its base at Green Law is ex- 
 ceedingly beautiful. From a rock near the Vicarage Gar- 
 den is a charming view. Between Kirkby Stephen and 
 Erankthred Bridge the rocks arc picturesque, and the river 
 forms a seres of beautiful cascades, one of them about '20 
 feet high. Tiie Limestone Rocks are honeycombed in a cu- 
 rious manner, one of the hollows is calied Coop-kamal- 
 hole. in the road to Pendragon see the ancient square 
 tcwer called Lamerside Hall or the Dolorous Tower, b.e. 
 Ravenstondale, 4i m. s.s.w. from Kirkby Stephen. 
 At Rasate near Sunbiggen Tarn are two tumuli. Near Ro- 
 thay Bridge, by the road leading to Kirkby Stephen, is a 
 Druid.- circle. At the N. end of Newbiggen is St. Helen's 
 Weil. d.E. 
 
 Pendragon,
 
 WESTMORELAND. 
 
 Pf.ndragon, 5 m. s. from Kirk by Stephen Ruins of 
 the Castle. On the opposite side of tne river is a small 
 Camp. :i.k. 
 
 Kikkby Lonsdale, a large market-town. The Ch. has 
 some Saxon architecture. From the Ch.-yard is a very 
 beautiful view. The bridge is curious and handsome. See 
 the Snuff Mill and Fulling Mill. b.e. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Rock marie: Bolton Commrm. 
 
 Gypsura : at Acorn-bank 1 m. from Temple Sowerby. 
 
 Gray limestone, purple slate : at Theif-hole between 
 An eside and Low-wood. 
 
 Limestone, freestone, soft laminous schistus : near 
 Suap Abbey and a little below Knipe. 
 
 Red oorphvry : on the Demmings between Shap and 
 Kee.d.d. 
 
 Flesh-col ouved granite, cont.aiumg quartz and feldspar 
 huger than common: at Wa.-t ! ile ('rag near Kendal. 
 
 Greenish granite : rv:: the firm house in Wastdale. 
 
 Large blocks of rounded granite: -at Wa-tdule Crag 
 near vVastdale-head house. 
 
 basalt : s. of P-.tt ;rd,tlo. Chapel. 
 
 Grav Schistus : an l\ '. .1 Foil. 
 
 Si-ate : at Amblaside, [Centra re, N-.\ 
 
 ;.; L rMe : between Ambleside and W mi b. 
 
 Coal : near Shap, Stainmoor ioui, .\e. 
 
 Fibrous talc: m Knipe Scar. 
 
 Fios-r'erri or bard carbonate of ihne (.1. .'[. 283), globular 
 mate of barytes K B. M.'2'ol)) : Dufton : .\\ m. x. from 
 Applebv. 
 
 Corai-like carbonate of lime (72. '/. 2PQ) : Kendal Fell. 
 
 Copper: on Wastel Head and Ashby. 
 
 Lead : at Hartley, Dufton, Dunfell mines, and Grei a- 
 : -..a i-eai Fatterdale. 
 
 I i on-stone: Dunfell mines and near Shap. 
 
 FOSSILS. 
 
 F.r.trochi, trochita?, and myctitcs : at Thrcapland and 
 S' :itk! nd-head ik ar Shap. 
 
 loiih-i ; Iklsftll uea: Kcada! and ucai tin rivei 
 I....
 
 WESTMORELAND. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Ctrcata alpina, Mountain Nightshade : about Dalham 
 Tower and banks of Ulswater, 7, 8- 
 
 l\'toitlca spicafa, Spiked Speedwell : Arnside park, J, 9. 
 
 Utricnluria minor, Lesser-hooded Milfoil : Brigstcer 
 Moss near Kendal, J. 
 
 Melica nutans, MountainMelic Grass : near Kendal, G,~. 
 
 Settle ria ceerulea, Blue Moor Grass : rocks about Con- 
 ziek Scar and Barrowfield Wood near Kendal, 4. 
 
 Primula J'arinoaa, Bird's-eye Primrose: 1 m. from Ken- 
 dal towards Ambleside, G, J. 
 
 Anvhv.sa semperrirens, Evergreen Alkanet : between 
 Kendal and Ambleside, 5, 6". 
 
 < mpauula latijolia, Giant Bell-flower: hedges near 
 Kendal, 8. 
 
 lllbes petrcvian, Rock Currants: between Kendal ar.d 
 Brough, 5. 
 
 Sel'mi ,' palustrc, Marsh Milk Parsley: between Kendal 
 and Anil ieside, ~ . 
 
 D;-t, .',<; fan gitalin, Long-leaved Sundew: between Ken- 
 dal and Bomif <, 7. -. 
 
 Leuiv'ui.: cratiruht, Snow-flake: .3 m. s. of Kendal upon 
 an island in the river, ar.d Gunpowder mill dan:. 
 
 Orniihnguhuii hiteum, Yellow Star-oi'-Bethiehcm : near 
 Kendal, A. 
 
 Andromeda polifolia, Marsh Andromeda: Brigsteer 
 Moss near Kendal, 6. 
 
 Snxifraga umbrosa, London Pride: by Hawsbridgenear 
 Kendal, 6. 
 
 Arenaria verna, Vernal Sandwort: about Kendal, 5, 8. 
 
 Paparer cuinbricum, Yellow Poppy : near Kendal and 
 Kirkby Lonsdale, 6. 
 
 Chta?: martfoUtis, Hoary-dwarf Cistus : w. side of Be- 
 tram Bccke 1 m. from Kendal, 5,6. 
 
 Lnthraa Sqnamaria, Toothwoit: thickets below Ccr- 
 zick Scar near Kendal, 4. 
 
 Tiirrititt iiirsV.ta, Hairy Tower Mustard : walls of Ken- 
 dal Castle, 5. 
 
 Geranium t'.h-ci'ciun, Wood Cranes-biii: meadows 
 near Kendal, (y>. 
 
 \ oi.. ii. r Fra:c<; >
 
 WESTMORELAND. " 
 
 Fnmaria tsJtda, Bullions Fumitory : in a clump of trees 
 at H'atiSeld near Kendal, 4, i>. 
 
 Hypochceris maculata, Spotted Cats-car: between Ken- 
 dal and Ambleside, ~ . 
 
 Scnscio suranenias, Broad-leaved Groundsel : in a mu'.-t 
 lane between Kendal and Kirkby Lonsdale near Preston 
 Hall, 7, 8. 
 
 Sityrium viride, Frog Satvrium : or. Heils-fellnup nrr^r 
 Kendal, 6, 7- 
 
 Ophrys Nidus-avis, Bird^ei: Ophrys : near Iloney-bee- 
 yate, Kendal, 5, tj. 
 
 Ophrys muse if em, Fly Ophrys : in Barrow-field Wood 
 near Kendal, 6. 
 
 Pobipodin.ni Phegcp f eris, Pale Mountain Polypody : 
 Barrow-field Wood, near Kendal. 
 
 Polypcdiam Dn?opte v is, Three-branched Polypody: B; ;- 
 row-field Wood near Kendal. 
 
 Scolvpendrhnn Ceierac'i, '< rdy Snb enwort : highrst 
 part ->f Kendal Fell, Troutbeck. a'nd A:;i ! )if\-.ide. 
 
 Ptcris crhpa, Curled or ItocL Ural.. .: : T enterfeil near 
 Kendal, and at: Shap. 
 
 SrJns'-mts inoxoicuc, Monoecious Bog-nuh : In '':''' ' 
 i.i Appleby, 7. <? 
 
 Fahica ca'atnaria, Pieed-i:i:e Fescve-grass :- -n'ar ! k 
 waterfall behind the inn at Ambleside, 7- 
 
 sllchctnilla alpinn, Alpine Ladies Mantle; nii.in'a 
 between Ulswater and Ambleside, 7- 
 
 Galium boreale, Cross-leaved Bsdstraw : urirLr " 
 bridge at Kirkby Lonsdale, near the ferry at Wivr-md'-! . 
 mere, J. 
 
 Lobelia Dortmanna, Water Lobelia: in Wiriandermefv 
 near the inn and Cm wen s Island, 7- 
 
 Impatiemt Noli-mc-tangere, Yellow Balsam: banlcs of 
 Winandennere, brooks near Rydal Hall, near Kirkby Lons- 
 dale bridge, and between the inn and cascade Ambleside, ?. 
 
 Gcntiana Pneumonanthe, March Gentian: Milburn and 
 Miltlmrpe, 8, 9. 
 
 Genitalia verna, Spring Gentian: in Birkdale in the pa- 
 rish of Appleby, 4. 
 
 Mcum athamanticum, Spignel: Dunmail-raise betw?n 
 Scdberg and Orton, b. 
 
 Imperatoria Oiimthium, MastcrTrort: In a meadow' 
 
 alter
 
 WESTMORELAND. 
 
 after crossing theLune, between Brough and Middletonin 
 Teeduie, 6. 
 
 Allium arenarium, Sand Garlic: pastures and wcc;.l 
 near Lowther, J. 
 
 Allium carinatum, Mountain Garlic : rocks in Long 
 
 Sleadale, 7- 
 
 ConvaUaria mullifiora, Common Solomon's Seal: in 
 Rydal park, opposite the house, 5, 6. 
 
 J'mcv.s trglunds, Three-flowered Rush : near Elrkd.'e 
 by Appleby, 7- 
 
 Polygonum viviparum, Alpine Bistort: fields between 
 Shap and Hardingdal, (), "i . 
 
 Pans quadrijoliu, Herb Paris : islands in Winander- 
 mefL 1 , 5. 
 
 Arbutus Uva-ursi, Red-berried Arbutus : Daiehead 
 near Ulswater, 6. 
 
 Pyrola rotundifol'a, Round-leaved Wintergrecn : banks 
 of Stoekgill Force near Ambleside, 7- 
 
 Saxifrage, stellaris, Hairy Saxifrage : in Long Sleadale 
 and Over ivirkston, (i, 7- 
 
 Saxif'raga aixoides, Yellow Saxifrage : Patterdale, 7, 8. 
 
 SaxiJ'rugataoschata, Musky Alpine Saxifrage : Kirkston 
 near Ambleside, C, 7. 
 
 Saponaria officinalis, Soapwcrt : river banks at Kirkby 
 Lonsdale, S, !>. 
 
 Stellaria Nemonan, Wood Stitchwort : near Casterton 
 mill by Kirkby Lonsdale, o, 6. 
 
 '''cd'i.n album, White Stonecrop : mountains about Vv :- 
 nandermere and Rydal, 7- 
 
 Asarv.m eurapceum, Asarabacca: near Kirkby Lonsdale, 
 Ramskin, and A-iartindale, 5. 
 
 Spiraiu, salicifslla, V."ii low-leaved Spiraea : on *he bor- 
 ders of Winandcrmere, J. 
 
 Rubvs Chamoeinjrus, Mountain Bramble: peat bogs on 
 the mountains, 6. 
 
 Acia-a ftverda. Herb Christopher: mountainous pas- 
 tures iico^-: Troutbeek near Ambleside, 5, ',]. 
 
 ThuUctrum niiimi, Lesser Meadow Rue : borders of 
 Winandcrmere, 6, '/. 
 
 T : t: r ;ctr;;::i tnajus, Greater Meadcw-rue : banks ofUls- 
 wdtci, 6, , . 
 
 k. 2 Rciuncithts
 
 WESTMORELAND. 
 
 Rauiwenl'.ts Lingua, Great Spcarwort: by E ; .thwaife 
 Water, J. 
 
 TroWus europcvvs, Globe Flower: near Troutbeck by 
 A iiblc.siile, and near Shap, 5, (i. 
 
 liartsia a/phut, Alpine Bartsia: by a rivulet near Orton 
 in the ro;ui to Crosby, ~. 
 
 Sihthorpiu eurupwa, Cornish Mor.ey--.vort: by 1'uc'c- 
 barrow Well m Long Sleadale, 7> <"" 
 
 Hesperis inodora, Dames Viole; : banks of rivulets 
 near Grassmerc, 5, (>. 
 
 I'iciasiilcat'/cn, Wood Vetch : toot of tlie bridge at Kirk- 
 by Lonsdale and near Orton, 7, ? 
 
 Hi/pericvm Androsa'iumn, Tutsan St, Johns-wort : lane 
 by SlockgUl Force above Ambleside, 7, ^. 
 
 Hieraeium Auricula, Umbel Mouse-car Hawkwecd : 
 Patterdale, 7, &. 
 
 Cardials heteroph'dhis, Melancholy Thistle : between 
 Shap and Orton, 7, 
 
 GnaphalhiHi lihnci.i, Mountain Cudweed: Kendal Fell 
 and Kirkston, ti, 7- 
 
 Cineraria palurfrls, Marsh Flea wort ^ in Burton M >ss, 
 6,7. 
 
 Serapias cits/folia, Narrow-leaved Ilcllcborine : woods 
 near Lowther, 6". 
 
 Rhodiola rosea, Roseroot : Maze Feck Sear near An- 
 pleby, 5, C. 
 
 Oiiututula regalis, Flowering Fern: at Ambleside, 7. l ~- 
 
 Lijcopodium ulpiiwm, AIj)inc Club Moss: ever i.v 
 stou above Amblesi ie. 
 
 Lycnpodiirr.i .-. ila^innides, Prickly Club Mots : over A: ':- 
 stun above Aiubics.d'..
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 'T'ti is district, comprising the three Ridings, is hounded on 
 the K. by Durham and Westmoreland, on the e. by the (>er- 
 nian Ocean, on the w. by Westmoreland and Lancashire, 
 fi-.d on the s. by Cheshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, i;nd 
 Lincolnshire, extending itself in length lot) miles e. to w. 
 and 90 miies in breadth n. to s.: its circumference is 460 
 miles, and contains (i,013 square miles. The climate and 
 air are in some parts cold and sharp, but in general moderate? 
 and healthy ; the eastern parts, from the prevalence of 
 damps and fogs, are considered the most unhealthy. To 
 this highly interesting and extensive country applies much 
 of the delineation giwn to its surrounding counties : but 
 from the great space and variety it embraces, and the small 
 limit appropriated in the present work to this part, the 
 editor must content himself with observing, that as an agri- 
 cultural, manufacturing, and commercial county, it ha* the 
 most important features and is of national consequence, 
 being intrinsically rich in itself, and is the further enriched 
 by a valuable and active-minded population. The 13th vo- 
 lume of the Beaut es of England and Wales, by Mr. Bigland, 
 will be found satisfactory to any who may have the desire 
 to hear further of this county. 
 
 Bawtrv,4 m. e. from Tickhiil. Dowager Galway's man- 
 sion ; in the pleasure-grounds is a menagerie, with curious 
 b:rds. b.e. 
 
 Tickhill, 4 rn, w. from Bawtry. Ch. monuments. 
 Site of the Castle with handsome walks. Ruins of the Pr. 
 (106S). 2Kva. x.e. is Sanbeck, the beautiful seat of the 
 iiarl of Scarborough, with a fine Jake and delightful plan- 
 tations, Neur are the picturesque ruins of Roche Abbey 
 (1 147), At a short distance is the famous quarry of Roche 
 Abbey stone, b.e, 
 
 Doxcastee, one of the most beautiful towns in England. 
 Market and Butter Cross. Magdalene's Square. Mr. Pas- 
 swe's manufactory of machines for cutting straw, grind- 
 it 3 jr.g,
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 nig, &c. Race-ground. 2 ra. w. Cusworth Hall, tlie seat of 
 W. Wrighton, esq. is worthy notice. 4 m. n.e. is Stree- 
 thorpe, the seat of G. C. Yarborough, esq. with handsome 
 plantations, b.e. 8 ra. n. Askern or Askron, a fashionable 
 water-drinking place. For the Cross and Roman Altar at 
 this place, vide Kayes Collection in the Museiu.:. 
 
 Conisurourh, G m. s.w. from Doncaster. In the Ch. 
 a coffin-shaped stone with curious sculpture of men on 
 horses with bows and arrows. Gent. Mag. vols. >i: ! , J], 7~- 
 The Castle (supposed British by Mr. King in his Muni. 
 t'i) is one of the most curious remains in the kingdom, r-.v 
 Near is Hengist's tumulus, h. In the Ch.-yard of the vil- 
 lage adjoining Conisbrough, is a tomb thougnt to be 
 oval with the Castle, with most cuiious sculpture. (J.', it. 
 Mag. ISO'S. 
 
 Melton-on-the-Hiel, 5 m. s.w. from Doncarter. Ch. 
 monuments and painted glass. Near is the seat oi It. V 1- 
 son, esq. commanding extensive prospects, e.e. 
 
 Bilham, 5 m. w. from Doncaster. A scat of W. I lew- 
 it, esq.: in the grounds is an elegant building called ihe 
 Belvidere or Bellevue, from which is the richest prospect 
 in the west riding of Yorkshire. It is recorded that J 1 ) 
 churches may be seen from this building, b.e. 
 
 Sherboi'rxe, 4 m. s.w. from Cawood. This place is 
 remarkable for the plum called the Wine-sour, which grows 
 in the neighbourhood, b.e. 
 
 Berwick, 1 m. x. from Aberforth. A mount called 
 Hall Tower Hill, commanding an extensive view. On the 
 N. side of the town a Roman Camp called Wendel Hill. b.e. 
 
 Tadcaster, a market town, V m. s.w. from York. Fine 
 bridge. Carvings in front of a house near the Ch. and Grave- 
 stones with a Cross. Halswood Hall, 3 m. s. from Tadcas- 
 ter, the seat of the Vavasors ; the Chapel and extensive 
 views are worthy notice. 
 
 Bishop Thorpe, 8i m. s. by w. from York. The Bi- 
 shop's Palace and Chapel, b.e. 
 
 Yorii. Cathedral. Ulphus's Horn. &c. in the Cathe- 
 dral. Clifford's Tower (Will, the Conq. 107^). Miekle- 
 gte Bar. Monk Bar. Walmgate Bar. Bootham Bar. The 
 Mount. Multangular Tower. Fine rains of the Abbey ( 1 OSS), 
 priory Gateway near Micklegate bar Qu^e Bridge. Six 
 
 Posterns.
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Posterns. Old Bailey. Town Walls. Painted glass in 
 All Saints Ch. Porch of St. Margaret's Ch. County Gaol 
 or Castle. Assembly Rooms. Miss Morrit's Needle Work. 
 Race-ground. 1 m. distant is Severus's Hill. h. 
 
 Selby, a market town 15 m. s. from York. Porch, paint- 
 ed glass and remains of the Abbey (10G9). b.e. 
 
 Howdex, a market town s.w. from Market Weighton. 
 Ch. Female figure cross-legged. Chapter House. Ruins 
 of the Bishop "s Palace. 4 m. x.w. are the fine remains of 
 Wressel Castle, b.k. 
 
 South Cave, a small market town 12 m. w. from Hull. 
 Cave Castle, the scat of H. Barnard, esq. contains a va- 
 luable collection of pictures ; the gardens and pleasure- 
 grounds are extensive, b.e. 
 
 Market Weighton, 10 m. from Beverley. Near the 
 town are many tumuli. 5 m. w. is Everingham, the seat of 
 M. Constable, esq. containing a fine picture of Ming Charles 
 I. valued at 1000 guineas. Near the entrance into the gar- 
 dens is a Saxon font curiously carved. 5 m. s.w. is Holme, 
 the seat of the Hon. W. Stourton, with handsome pleasure- 
 grounds. B.E. 
 
 Cottingham, 5 m. x.w, from Hull. Ch. monuments, 
 and Castie Hill. b.e. 
 
 Hassel, 4^ in. w. from Hull. Hessle Cliff Docks, b.e. 
 
 Hull or Kixgstox-upox-Hull. Equestrian Statueof 
 King Will. III. Theatre. Dock Yards. Iron Foundry. Sugar 
 House. North Bridge. Battery. Trinity Ch. monuments. 
 Mr. Wallis's Museum. Curiosities in the Trinity House. 
 Pa : ntings and models in the two Council Chambers, b.e. 
 
 Halsham, 4 m. x.w, from Patrington. Here is a su- 
 perb mausoleum for the Constable family, surrounded with 
 a plantation, b.e. 
 
 Beverly, a beautiful town (founded by Athclstan). Min- 
 ster monuments, mutilated font and stone chair, painted 
 g^ass, and Freed Stool. Walk on Westwood Common. 
 About 1 m. distant is a Cross. 
 
 Burton Constable, D m. x.w. from Hull. The seat 
 of T. Constable, esq. is a fine ancient building, embellished 
 with paintings, statues, and a valuable collection of natural 
 curiosities, b.e. 
 
 Skipse.*, iCi m. e. by s. of great Driffield. Between 
 
 Skipsea
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 ^kip^sa and Biough is an artificial mount, formerly ; "r- 
 mounted by a castle. On the w. side of the marsh is a -tu- 
 psndous rampart, on it the footmarks of two warriors, b.i . 
 
 Little Duiffiklu, 1 m. from Great Driffield. In the 
 Ch. an inscription to the memory of KingAlkfrid (Alfred), 
 who lived in the Casllc of Stanford, built the Ch. and cm >d 
 here. At Danes Dale 3 ra. n.e. are several tumuli. .At 
 Wansford a carpet manufactory. 6 m. s. of Driffield are the 
 nuns of Watton Nunnery (1 150). b.e. 
 
 Rt.dstone, 5 m. w. from Bridlington. In the Ch.-yard 
 is a curious pyramidal stone af great height, supposed Bri- 
 tish or Roman, 24 feet above ground and 24 feet belcw, 
 weight 40 tons. Archcologia, vol. fi. 
 
 Sledmeke, 8 m. n.w. by w. from Driffield. The ele- 
 gant mansion of Sir M. M. Svkes, bart. whose grounds ere 
 highly ornamented with pavillions, hot-houses, green- 
 houses, &c. D.E. 
 
 Bbidlikgton, a maiket-town and fashionable bathing- 
 place. See the curious Ch. (temp. Hen. I.). Priory (_>.':. 
 Quay. Sir George Strickland's Pavillion. Roman Road. n.r. 
 
 Flamboroi'gh, 5 m. n.e. from BriJlingtcn. Danish 
 Tower. Danes Dike, part of an ancient fortification. New 
 Light House. Flamborough Head, a magnificent object, 
 arid or.e of the greatest curiosities in the kingdom. At the 
 bottom of the cliffs are several extensive caverns; the prin- 
 cipal ones are DoveCcte, Kirk Hole,andRobinLythesHole. 
 
 3.K. 
 
 Wold Newton, 5 m. s.w. from Hummanby. Near this 
 place a stone fell from the atmosphere, about two fields 
 from Wold Cottage, the seat of Ed. Topham, esq. who 
 erected an obelisk upon the spot. b.e. 
 
 Hunmanby, 85 m. s.s.e. from Scarborough. Castle 
 Hill with foundations of a fortress. Ch. monuments; and 
 teat of H. Osbaldeston, esq. b.e. 
 
 Filey, 7\m- s.E. from Scarborough. A retired bathing- 
 place witli a fine sandy beach. Natural rocks called Filey 
 Bridge, b.e. 
 
 ScABBORoi gh. One of the most beautiful sea-bathing 
 places in Ltij *and, with a sandy beach. 1 Jere is a mineral 
 water called i. e Spa. Public Gardens with pleasant walks, 
 ''asiie. Ch. Lady's Well under an arched vault. Assem- 
 bly Room. Market '6:cno under a hedge afev/ ya;di n -f 
 
 : '.. .
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Mr. Baby's house. Ancient pillar. Market Grogs. Dock 
 Yard. 1 in. from the town is Oliver's Mount, which every 
 to r;; t shpuld ascend. 1 in. beyond the Spa is a very cu- 
 rious quarry c.illed White Nab. b.e. 
 
 East Aytox, 4 m. s.w. by w. from Scarborough. The 
 road from Hacknesa to this village is delightfully roman- 
 tic. 1 m. from Ayton is an iron iorge surrounded with very 
 grotesque scenery. n.E. 
 
 FIacknes.i, i> in. w.x.w. from Scarborough. The ro- 
 mantic scenery of Huckness and the pleasure-grounds of 
 Lady Johnstone will amply reward the tourist's ride. \ .:'. 
 
 Hvttox Bcshel, (J in. s.w. by w. from Scarborough. 
 Ch. monuments ; and scat of Mrs. Osbaldeston. b.e. 
 
 Euue'rstox, G| m. e. by s. from Pickering. Beautiful 
 seat of the Hot ham family, upon the plan of a Roman villa, 
 with cascades and plantations: on the hill above the house 
 a small cave called Alfred Hole : near the cave is a struc- 
 ture in memory of a Northumberland king, A. 1). 705- b.r. 
 
 Wikeham, 7 m. s.w. from Scarborough. Ruin:; of the 
 Nunnery (1153), and seat of trie Langley family, r.h. 
 
 New Malton, a market town. Remains of a Castle. 
 
 m. s.w. is Sheriff Hutton Castle. 
 
 Jastxe Howard, 5 m. w. by s. from Malton. Magni- 
 ficent seat of the Earl of Carlisle, with a tine collection of 
 s'atues, busts, and paintings ; the grounds are extremely 
 beautiful, and ornamented with obelisks, temples, and a. su- 
 I mausoleum, e.e. 
 
 Pickering, 9 m. x. from Malton. Ruins of a Castle. b.e. 
 
 Sheriff Hltton, 11 m. x.x.E.from York. Venerable 
 ruins of the Castle. v,.z. 
 
 Helmseey, a small market-town. Fine ruins of the 
 Ca>t!e. Near is Duncombe Park, the seat of C. S. Di> 
 combe, esc. containing a fine collection of paintings and 
 very elegant grounds, with temples, cascades, &c. lm. 
 ::.w. from llelmsley are the noble remains of Pa vaulx- Ab- 
 bey (1 1-31), and near is a very line terrace with a temple 
 at each end, from which the abbey is seen to great ad- 
 vantage, r.c. 
 
 Kikkdalk, 4 m. x.e. from Melmsley. Curious Saxon 
 inscription over the Ch. door. ii.e. 
 
 I\:skh:,.v. 6 m. s.w bv -s. from Malton. Ruins of the 
 
 It.
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Vv. (1121). 2'. m. from Kirkham is Ilowshnm J] all, the 
 seat of H. Cholmley, esq. with handsome pieasuic-groinuis. 
 8j m. n.e. from Howsham is Bridsal, the smt of Lord 
 Middleton, which has likewise some beautiful grounds. n.n. 
 Whitdv, a market town. Ruins of the Abbey (rirra 
 Will, the Con.). A variety of pe.trifactious hi Hie alum rocks. 
 In Whitby Scar cormia Amraouis or snake stones. In?, 
 from the al bey arc Rubin Hood's Pillars. Alum-works at 
 or near Strupe Brow and Peak. 1 in. s.i,. a fine stone 
 quarry. 3 m. n.w. the curious village of Runs wick, and 
 Keltlcness aluni-works, with the curious excavations in 
 .the i - ocks. 4 m. :.. by v.*. are Sands Knds alum-works. 
 
 4 m. \v. are Mulgrave Castle ruins, and near is the modern 
 Mulgrave Castle, the seat of Lord Mulgrave, surrounded 
 by picturesque scenery, b.e. 
 
 Cotham and Rf.dcak, 2 m. n. from Kirkleatham. 
 Fashionable bathing-places with a hue sandy beach : here 
 is a Theatre and a Circulating Library. See Hvttoris His- 
 tory of Cotham. Parties arc formed to drink tea at Scaton 
 Inn, 6 m. distant. 
 
 GuisnoROUGH, a market town. Is a charming situa- 
 tion fcr a few days recidence. Near am. the ruins of a Pr. 
 (112!)). 3| m. n'e. is Skelton Castle, Hie seat of J. Whar- 
 ton, esq. 2 m.v/. tiora Skelton Castle is Lord Dundas's. 
 
 5 m. n.w. is Kirkleatham Hall, the seat, of Sir Ch. Turner, 
 hart, the grounds are laid out with great taste; in them is a 
 beautiful octagon tempi-; at the end of Kirkleatham Ch. is 
 a superb mausoleum. See Hospital, Library, and Museum. 
 4 m. s. by w. is Roseberry Topping, a mountain well wor* ': 
 ascending by the botanist and lover of prospects, -i m. n.v. 
 is a detached hill with an ancient encampn cut, havmg a 
 double circle of loose stones, from whence is a mo.-.t. en- 
 chanting view. See Esten Nab, a Saxon encampment, b.f. 
 
 Yakm, 8 m. n.w. from Stokeslev. Painted glass in the. 
 Ch. 
 
 Northallerton, a market town. At Smeaton 7 m. v. 
 the prospecls are uncommonly fine. / rn. n.e. are the fine 
 ruin j of Mount Grace Pric T, mantled with ivy; on the sub- 
 mit of the hill above the Priory are the ruins of Lady's Cha- 
 pel. 5 m. n.e. the ruins of Harlescy Castb . v.p.r.. 
 
 Thijis&j a market town. Ch. monuments. Mrat ; d 
 
 rampart
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 rampart of the Castle: handsome walk to Sowerby. 3 m. 
 s. is Thirkleby Hall, the seat of Sir Thomas Frankland, 
 with handsome pleasure-grounds, b.e. 
 
 E..sixgwoi,:o, a market town. 4 m. e. are the remains 
 of (.-rake Castle, commanding a fine view. b.e. 
 
 Bo hough bridge, 7 m. n.e. from Knares borough, a mar- 
 ket town. -Near are three stones called the Devil s Arrows, 
 and a Cross. 1 m. k. 's Aldborough, a Roman station, where 
 the tourist may purchase Roman coins and other antiquities. 
 In one of the cottages is part of a Roman pavement. In 
 the Civ. -yard a grave-stone with the figure of a woman in 
 a Saxon dress. In the vestry wall a basso-relievo of Mer- 
 cury. Between this place and Wetherbyis Clare Hill, from. 
 which is a tine view. n. Ju Lake by Car, near Boroug:>.- 
 bridge, grow those two rare plants Scheuchzerla paluslri.s 
 and Luslmuchia thtjrsifo'Ia. 
 
 Jii pox. In the market-place is a beautiful obelisk 90 
 feet high. Town-hall. Coll. Ch. (circa W. Conq ). Chaptt .- 
 Ilov.sc paintings. Stone pulpit. Crypt under the tower, 
 altar-piece, painted glass, and monuments. At the eiid or 
 the town a tumulus called Eil-shaw-hill. 
 
 Tanfikld West, 6y m. n. from Ripon. Ch. Torch ot 
 
 a knight in irmour eriss-legged, and two others; fine zis.- 
 
 ; .tertomh with the effigy of a large man in armour and 
 
 nan all these of the family of Marmion. Painted glass 
 
 with the arm.; of Marmion, Ike. Bibl. Top. No. 2. p. Ib4 
 
 Sri.T'LKY, 3 m. :.,-.. from Ripon. Studley Park, r !.e 
 ' s-t of Miss Lawrenuc, with charming pleasure-ground?, 
 *. staining statues, Rotunda, Ranqueting-House, Grotto, 
 Rustic Bridge, Octagon Tower, Chinese Temple, ana fire 
 runs of Fountains Abbey (1 1.32). 200 yards w. at Fo ;~- 
 tains Hall, is a curious chimney-piece with painted glass. 
 
 Alpfield, 4 m. w. by s. from Ripon. A water-drink- 
 ing place, with sulphureous springs, b.e. 
 
 Copghove, 4] rn. n. from Knaresborongh. The ele- 
 gant mansion of H. Dsncombe, esq. contain? a valuable 
 collection of paintings, busts, and other specimens of art. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Ripley, a market town 5 m. n.w. from Knaresborough. 
 
 Ch. monuments. In the Ch.-yard a curious pedestal ci 
 an ancient Cross. Castle, the sent of Sir J. Ingleby, ban. 
 in it a fine window of stained ghiss. Between Ripley and 
 
 Palely
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 P.ately BridgCj 7 re. from the former, are Brimhair, Rock?, 
 an extremely curious assemblage of Druidical rock?, the 
 
 principal one a Rock Idol. Sec Areharologhi, where they 
 ar.e figured, vol. 8. p. 20:'. 
 
 Nbwby Hall, 4 m. s.e. from Ripon. Xewby Hal!, the 
 seat of Lord Grantham, contains some fine paintings, and 
 one of the best collections of statues, busts, \c. in the king- 
 dom ; the grounds are laid out with great taste, a.r.. 
 
 Hacktam., 7 m. n.v,-. from Ripon. 'I he i>eautiful ro- 
 mantic walks at Hackfall, with the views, cascades, build- 
 ings, and river, are not equalled by any in England. Brim- 
 ham Reeks above mentioned are only one mile from Huck- 
 fall, or they may be visited from Ripon, to which they are 
 nearer than to Ripley. 1 ~ m. from these jock-, in the road 
 to Ripon, is Lord Orantley's beautiful lake and cascade. h.e. 
 
 Midvi.eham, a market town. Remains of a double 
 Cress on a high flight of steps, and a large stone bason on 
 two pedestals! Gent. Mug. July 1800. Remains of the Cas- 
 tle, d.e. Winsley Ch. near Middleham. in the vestry a 
 curious Saxon bas-relief, and a sculptured Cross with birds 
 ; -:i dragons, at the bottom the word Vomrirf. {Gent. May- 
 
 Coverham Abbey, 2 m. from Middleham. In the Ch. 
 curious doorways with ornamented inscriptions and de- 
 vices, t.vo cross-legged knights against the garden door. 
 JV ( ' re ; Monastic liemaiwt. 
 
 Boltox, b'v m. w. from Middleham. Ruins of the Cas- 
 tle, B.E. 
 
 II n hmond, a market town. Grand remains of the C 'as- 
 t't 'built by Allan Earl of Richmond, nephew of Will, the 
 Ccq.'j and venerable ruins of the monastery (1 lo8). n.v. 
 
 < .. : i thick, 5 m. e. from Richmond. Foundation walls, 
 supposed Roman, b.k. 
 
 Lowes, a market town. Fine ruins of a Castle. Re- 
 mains of a bath and aqueduct, now overgrown with bushes, 
 ivc. pmve this to have been a Roman station. 2 m. from 
 lii v,-c3 is that curious natural arch called God's Bridge. -1 m. 
 v.. from Bowes on Stainmoor I'orert is Roy Cross, said to 
 have been erected in th<? time of Will, the Conq. Near 
 the turnpike is a Roman milestone, it stands in a Roman 
 
 L ''- 
 
 liootflv. near Greta Bridge, 3; w. Iron; Buwc.- - . At 
 
 I it en by
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Rookby h the seat of Sir T. Robinson, containing many 
 fine basts, statues, and pictures. At Eggleston near Greta 
 Bridge the botanist will be much entertained, n.d.e. 
 
 Nf.wbiggen, 6 m. w. by n. from Romald Kirk on the 
 banks of the Tees. At a place called Dirt Pit is one of 
 the most exquisite birds-eye landscapes in England. From 
 hence the tourist will visit the Hi^h Force, a noble cascade ; 
 the whole bed of the Tees tails 60 feet. See Durham. 
 
 Mi'kkb, 19 m. w. by s. from Richmond. 4 m. to the 
 xv. is Sunner Hill, commanding a tine view: proceed east- 
 ward to Ivalet, where is a beautiful waterfall, b.e. 
 
 Harorow or Hardlow, 5 m. w. of Askrigg. Hardrow 
 Force, a stupendous cascade that falls 90 feet; the scenery 
 about it is magnificent, b.e. 
 
 Whitsondale, in Swale Dale, near Bowbridge. In 
 this dale are several extensive caverns, particularly Brian's 
 Cave, also curious rocks called Coutherby Scar. 1 m. fur- 
 ther is a cascade called Hogart Leap; below the bridge two 
 other waterfalls. At Keld village is a cascade called Keki 
 Force. To the s.e. is Kisdon mountain, having on the v. 
 side a beautiful waterfall called Kisdon Force, which should 
 be approached on the south side. Arkengarth Dale lead 
 iii ines are worthy of notice. The moors of WensleyDale 
 and Swale Dale abound with moor game or grouse, b.e. .- 
 Aysgarth, 4 m. e. from Askrigg. Several beautiful 
 cascades and a grand fall called Aysgarth Force. The Ch. 
 is in a romantic situation overlooking the waterfalls : near 
 is a cavern. At Heaning 2 ra. from Aysgarth is a very beau- 
 tiful cascade, p.e. 
 
 Askrigg, 13 m. w, by n. from Middleham. Near are 
 some picturesque cascades, two of them, Mill Gill and Whit- 
 field Gill are particularly worthy of notice. 4 m. s. by w. 
 Seiner Lake, about 1 m. square. In Bishops Dale is a cas- 
 cade called Foss Gill. 5 m. w. is Hardraw Scar, and cascade, 
 extremely beautiful. 
 
 Ingleton, 10J m. n.w. from Settle. Thornton Sear. 
 Thornton Force a fine cascade. Yorda's Cave. Weather- 
 cote Cave, in which i3 a cataract. Ascend Ingleborough 
 Mountain for the vast prospect. 4 m. s.e. from Inglebo- 
 rough is Pennigant Mountain, at its base are two fr'ghtfuj 
 orifices called Hulpit and Huntpit Holes. 6 m. n. of ingle- 
 vol. ii. l Kroygh
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 borough is Wharnside Mountain, the highest in England 
 or Wales, the prospect from the summit is very extensive. 
 On the s. sideGatekirk Cave, on the s.e. Greenside Cave. h. 
 
 Settle, a small market town. Cotton Mills. From the 
 top of the hill near the town is aheautifiil prospect. 1 m. 
 N.w. is the ebbing and flowing well. 2\ m. a cairn on 
 Stackhouse Scar. b.e. In the vicinity of Settle the bota- 
 nist will find a variety of curious plants. 
 
 Malham, 6 m. n.e. from Settle. Malham Cove and 
 Lake. b.e. 
 
 Skipton, a market town. Fine remains of the Castle. 
 1 m. from the town a large stone quarry. b\ m. from Skip- 
 ton are the ruins of Bolton Pr. (1150). 
 
 KEiGHLEY,a market town. In the Ch. an ancient grave- 
 stone with the date 1023. b.e. 
 
 Bradford, a market town. 3 m. s.e. are iron forges. 
 4 m. n.e. at Fulneck, the settlement of the Moravian 
 Brethren is worthy the tourist's notice, b.e. 
 
 Halifax, a large town. On Golcar Hill a Rockingstone. 
 At Warley on Salton Moor, a Rockingstone. At Rishworth, 
 a Rockingstone or Rock Idol. At Sowerby, a Standing- 
 stone, m.a. At Stalnmoor is another rockiug-stone, called 
 Tottering Stone, from its being so easily moved. New Brad- 
 field, \ m. from the road to Grindlefield Bridge, onthelefti 
 
 Leeds. Squares. Assembly Rooms. Theatre. Exhibi- 
 tion of pictures. Mixed Cloth Hall. White Cloth Hall. 
 Carpet manufactory. Earthenware manufactory. 1 m. from 
 the town flagstone quarries. 3 m. w. are the beautiful re- 
 mains of Kirkstal Abbey. 4 m. e. from Leeds is Temple 
 Newsome, the seat of the Marquis of Hertford, with a choice 
 collection of pictures. At Addle 5 m. from Leeds is a Ro- 
 man Camp, and two Roman Altars in the vestry, b.e. 
 
 Otley, a small market town. Ch. monuments and 
 Chevin Hill. b.e. 
 
 Farnley, 3 m. n. from Otley. Farnley Hall, the seat 
 of W. Fawkes, esq. has a fine collection of pictures and an 
 elegant window of stained glass. The gardens and pleasure 
 grounds are handsome and extensive, b.e. 
 
 Ilkley, 6 m. w. from Otley. This place is freqxiented 
 in the summer for the sake of its excellent cold bath. ii.e. 
 
 Haulwood, H m. e. from Otley and Gg iu. s.w. by w. 
 
 from
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 from Wetherby. Ch. Six very beautiful and rich tombs of 
 Knights and Ladies ; one is of Sir W. Gascoigne, who con> 
 mitted the Prince, afterwards Henry V. Harewood House, 
 the superb mansion of Lord Harewood, with gardens and 
 pleasure grounds that correspond. Tourists are permitted 
 to see the house and grounds every Saturday. From the 
 ruins of Harewood Castle is a fine view. b.e. 
 
 Knaresborough, amarkettown. Remains oftheCas- 
 tle with its secret cell. Ch. monuments. Pr. ruins (temp. 
 John). Cotton manufactory. Dropping Well. Walk from 
 the well to the bridge. The Rock House. St. Robert's Cha- 
 pel or Cave excavated from the rocks; at the entrance, on 
 the right, figure of a knight cut in the rock. Hermitage 
 formed of petrifactions and moss, above the Chapel. Fort 
 Montague and Tea-room. 1 m. n.w. at Scriven is Conyn- 
 garth, an entrenchment. 1 m. further Gateshill Camp. b.e. 
 Harrowgate, 3 m. w.s.w. from Knaresborough. Fa- 
 mous for its chalybeate springs, which are much frequented 
 in summer. Public walk. Conyngham House, the seat of 
 the Countess of Conyngham,has beautiful pleasure-grounds, 
 in which are an hermitage and cascade, b.e. 
 
 Plumpton, 3 m. s. from Knaresborough. Here is a 
 small lodge with beautiful grounds, fine lake, and romantic 
 scenery, b.e. 
 
 Ribstone, 4 m. s.e. from Knaresborough. Ribstone 
 Hall ; the seat of Sir H. Goodricke, bail, contains some fine 
 pictures; in the Chapel-yard is that curious monument of 
 the Standard-bearer to the ninth Roman legion. 3 m. e. is 
 the famous Cowthorpe oak. b.e. 
 
 Allerton Mauleverer, 4 m. E.byN. from Knaresbo- 
 rough. Lord Stourton's seat : the park is very picturesque, 
 with a beautiful Lake and handsome Octagon Tower, from, 
 which is a very extensive view. b.e. 
 
 Wetherby, 7 m. n.w. from Tadcaster. A fine bridge; 
 above it the river forms a charming cascade. 1 m. from 
 the town is Wetherby Grange, the seat of T. Tompson, 
 esq. in the park is a heronry. 2 m. w. Stockfield Park, the 
 seat of W. Middleton, esq. Not far from the house, near the 
 high road, is a rock of a very singular shape. 3 m. n.w, 
 from Wetherby are the ruins of Spofibrd Castle, b.e. 
 Pontefract, 2 m. s.w. from Ferrybridge. Altar-piece 
 j. 'J, in
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 $n St. Giles's Ch. Ruins of Allhallows Ch. Remains of the 
 Castle (1080). Liquorice Grounds. Seveial gentlemen's 
 eats are in the vicinity of Pontefract. u.e. On the way->irie 
 between this and Ferrybridge, sculptured stone eagle and 
 foliage, supposed Roman. Gent. Mag. 180(5. 
 
 Wakefikld, a large market town. Handsome bridge 
 with an ancient elegant Chapel upon it. 2 m. s. are the re- 
 mains of Sandal Castle, h.e. 
 
 Rotherham. Iron-works where cannon are cast. Tin- 
 ned plates and steel-manufactories. Grindstone quarries. 
 4 m. n.w. is Wentworth House, the superb mansion of 
 Earl Fitz- William; in the grounds a magnificent mauso- 
 leum and many ornamental buildings. In the house many 
 valuable paintings, and a museum, b.e. 
 
 Wentworth, 5j m. n.w. by n. from Rotherham. 
 Wentworth Castle, the magnificent seat of H. Vernon, esq. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Sheffield. Manufactories of steel ware, knives, scis-. 
 Bars, &c. Iron, brass, and white-metal foundries. Plated 
 goods manufactory. Theatre. 6 m. x.w. is Warncl iff Park, 
 with beautiful and picturesque sceneiy. b.e. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Silkv filamentous sulphate of iron (B. M. 248), alma 
 day {B. M. 248), jet {B. M. 51) : at Whitby. 
 
 Carbonate of barytes (B. M. 76) at Arkendale. 
 
 Sulphate of barytes. (B. M. 294) : at. Arkendale. 
 
 Iron pyrites with shells (B. M. 455) : near Halifax. 
 
 Red Jasper {B. .17. 218) : near York. 
 Dendritieal slate (B. M. 35o) : Ingleton. 
 
 Magnesian limestone, called Rock Abbey Stone (B. M. 
 402) : Roche Abbey. 
 
 Schistose talc or chlorite with circles (B. M. 4lf): In- 
 gleborough. 
 
 Red sulphate of strontian in the banks of the river Nid : 
 Knaresborounh. 
 
 Iron ore : Roseberry Topping Mountain near Newton 
 4 m. from Guisboroui;li. 
 
 Alum rock : near Whitby and Guisborougli. 
 
 Lead : ncor Richmond, several mires in 8\vale Dr:Ic. 
 
 Copper : near Middleton Tyas. 
 
 Iron-
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Irorv-stone : at Ayton 6 m. from Scarborough and neat 
 Whitby. 
 
 Freestone : on Gatherly Moor near Richmond, and at 
 Renton. 
 
 Limestone and marble of different sorts : in the west- 
 ern moorlands. 
 
 Light red granite : n.w. extremity of the North Riding. 
 
 Coal : between Easingwold and Thirsk. 
 
 Jet : side of Roseberry Topping near Newton. 
 
 FOSSILS. 
 
 Snake-stones, cornua Ammonis, and other petrifactions: 
 in Whitby Scar. 
 
 Escalop shells, cockles, and other bivalves : halfway 
 up Roseberry Topping Mountain from the village of New- 
 ton. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Chara flexilis, Smooth Chara: Terrington Car near 
 Castle Howard, 7, 8. 
 
 rerouted tryphyllos, Fingered Speedwell : near Rossing- 
 ton, 4. 
 
 Utricularla minor, Lesser-hooded Milfoil : Terrington 
 Car, 7- 
 
 Crocus nndiflorus, Naked-flowering Crocus : pastures 
 near Halifax, 10. 
 
 Iris foetidissima, Stinking Iris : bank at Little Nunwick 
 near Ripon, 7 ' 
 
 Sesleria casrulea, Blue Moor-grass : about Settle and 
 Ingleborough, 4. 
 
 Festuca bromoides, Barren Fescue-grass : Ellashaw Hill 
 near Ripon, 6. 
 
 Polycarpon tetraphyllum, Allseed : near Hull, 5, 8. 
 
 Centuncxdus minimus, Bastard Pimpernel : Houghton 
 Moor, the side next Newbold, 6, 7- 
 
 Epimedium alpinum, Barren-wort: Bingley woods, 5. 
 
 Cornus sueciea, Dwarf Cornel Tree: Hole of Huckham 
 near Pickering, 6, 7- 
 
 Potamogeton gramineum, Grassy Pond-weed : ponds at 
 Castle Howard, 7- 
 
 Anchusa sempervirehs, Evergreen Alkanet : road be- 
 tween Settle and Ingleton, 5, 6T 
 
 1 3 Primula
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Primula fartnosa , Bird's-eye Primrose: about Ingleton, 
 Ripon, and Helmsley, 6, 7- 
 
 Lysimacha thyrsifora, Tufted Loosestrife : near York, 
 tod Lake by Car near Boroughbridge, J. 
 
 Polemoniiun eccrulcum, Greek Valerian : near Settle, 
 Ingleton, and Malham Cove, 6. 
 
 Campanula Rapuneubis, Rampion Bell-flower : hedges 
 8t Wressle near Howden, 7, 8. 
 
 Campanula latifolia, Giant Bell-flower : near Ripon, 
 Settle and Leeds, 8. 
 
 Impatient Noli-me-tangere, Yellow Balsam : foot of 
 Fountains Abbey walls, 8. 
 
 Viola lutea, Hairy Violet : Attamine Cliffs near Settle, 
 .5,9. 
 
 R':bes alpinum, Mountain Currant : walls of Fountains 
 Abbey, 4, 5. 
 
 Gentiana Pnevmonanthc, Marsh Gentian : Terrington 
 Car near Castle Howard, 8, 9. 
 
 Gentiana verna, Spring Gentian: on Cronkley Fell in 
 Teesdale, 4. 
 
 Buph'urum rotundifoliutn, Thorow-wax : fields at Cop- 
 grave, Ripon, and Barton, "J . 
 
 Selinum palustre, Milk Parsley: marshes near Bever- 
 ley, 7- 
 
 Meum athamanticum , Spignel : meadows at Mossdale 
 and Wensley Dale, 5. 
 
 Cicuta virosa, Water Hemlock : river at Scrooby Bridge 
 near Bawtry. v - 
 
 Imperatorla Ostruthium, Masterwort : Cotherston near 
 Barnard Castle, 6. 
 
 Drosera longifolia, Long-leaved Sundew : Harrowgate 
 Bogs and Terrington Car, 7, i s - 
 
 Drosera anglica, Great Sundew : bogs near Doncaster 
 and Terrington Car, 7, 8. 
 
 Myosurus minimus, Mouse-tail : near York, and s.e. of 
 Welburn, 5. 
 
 Narcissus b'ljlorus, Pale Narcissus : banks of the river 
 at Thorpe Arch and near Halifax, 4, 5. 
 
 Allium earinatum, Mountain Garlic : Conystone and 
 Kilnsay rocks near Settle, "J. 
 
 Ornithugulvm
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Ornilhogalum htteum, Yellow Star-of-Bethlehem : Mal- 
 ham Cove and near Knaresborough Flat, 4. 
 
 Convallnrki Polygonatym, Angular Solomon's Seal: 
 Helks Wood, Ingleton, and Sykes Wood, 5, 6. 
 
 Acorns Calamus, Sweet Flag : Risby ponds near Bever- 
 ley ; near York, (J. 
 
 Trientalis enropeea, Winter Green: moors near Helms- 
 lev, Scarborough, and Harrowgate, 5, 6. 
 
 i'cvchiiitm Vitis Idcea, Red Whortle Berry : on Brim- 
 ham rocks and Ingleborough Hill, (i. 
 
 Vacciriium Oxycoccos, Cranberry : Terrington Car, bogs 
 near Ripon and Leeds, b". 
 
 Sckeuchzeriu pulustris, Marsh Scheuchzeria : Lakeby 
 Car near Boroughbridge, (>. 
 
 Monotropa Hypopitys, Yellow Birdsnest : wood near 
 Everton, (i. 
 
 Andromeda polifolia, Marsh Andromeda : bogs near 
 Howilen, and Black Moor near Leeds, 6. 
 
 Arbutus Urn Ursi, Trailing Arbutus : at Hepstonstall 
 near Halifax, (i. 
 
 Pyrola rotvndifol'a, Round-leaved Winter-green : 
 woods near Helmsley, Halifax, and Hackness, /. 
 
 Pyrola minor, Lesser Winter-green : Tennants Wood 
 near Kilnsay, Hackfall woods, J. 
 
 Saxtfraga stcllaris, Hairy Saxifrage : Ingleborough, 
 Malham Cove, and Hinklehaugh, 6, 7- 
 
 Saxij'raga umbrosa, London Pride: Reddins Gill near 
 Keighley, and Arncliff, 6'. 
 
 Sax'J'raga oppo,sitifolia,nrp\eSsxifr&ge: Ingleborough, 
 and near Settle, 4. 
 
 Saxtfraga aizoides, Yellow Saxifrage : Ingleborough 
 and Wensley Dale, 1, 8. 
 
 Saxtfraga hypnoides, Mossy Saxifrage : near Pateley 
 -Bridge by Ripon, and W T ensley Dale, 5, 6. 
 
 Dianthus Caryophyllus, Clove Pink: walls of Fountains 
 Abbey, 7- 
 
 SHene nutans, Nottingham Catchfly : Knaresborough 
 Rocks, 1 . 
 
 Silene noctiflora, N'ght-fiowering Catchfly : cornfields 
 at Ripon, Wethcrby, and Copgrave, 6, 7- 
 
 Sedum
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Solum villosum, Hairy Stonecrop : bogs on Inglebo- 
 - rough, Malham Tarn, and Hartside Hill, 6, 7- 
 
 Sedum rupestre, Rock Stonecrop: nearGuisborough, 7- 
 
 Spiraea salicifolia, Willow-leaved Spiraea : hedges be- 
 tween Green Hammerton and Knaresborough, J. 
 
 Rosa villosa, Apple Rose : Grass Wood near Kilnsay, 
 and Coxwold hedges, 6 
 
 Rosa chinawomen, Cinnamon Rose : the wood in Ake- 
 ton Pasture near Pontefract, 5. 
 
 Rub us saxatilis, Stone Bramble : Sykes Wood and Helks 
 Wood near Ingleton, 6. 
 
 Rub us Chamcemorus, Cloudberry: Ingleborough, Hlu- 
 klehaugh, 6. 
 
 Potentilla fruticosa, Shrubby Cinquefoil : near Egleston 
 Abbey and Mickleforce, (J. 
 
 Potentilla aureu, Golden Cinquefoil: by Whince Bridge 
 near Middleton, 7- 
 
 Dryas octopetaht, Mountain Avens : on Arncliff Clowder 
 in Littendale, and near Settle, 7, 8. 
 
 Actcea spicatu, Herb Christopher: Arthurs Moss near 
 Askrigg, on the limestone at the foot of Ingleborough, 5, fi. 
 
 Papaver cambricum, Yellow Poppy : Monsdale-head in 
 Wensley Dale, G. 
 
 Cistus marif alius, Hoary Dwarf Cistus: on Cronkley 
 Fell above Middleton in Teesdale, 5, (!. 
 
 Stratiotes aloidcs, Water Soldier: near Beverley, and in 
 the Gyme near Thorn, "J. 
 
 Anemone Pulsatilla, Pasque Flower : Ledston park near 
 Pontefract and Abberford, 4, 5. 
 
 Thalictrum alpinum, Alpine Meadow Rue : Cronkley 
 Fell, 6. 
 
 Trollius europceiis, Globe Flower : by Malham Cove and 
 woods near Settle, 5, 6. 
 
 Galeopsis versicolor, Large-flowered Hemp-nettle : 
 cornfields near Copgrave, Ripon, and Scarborough, 7, 8. 
 
 Leonurus Cardiuca, Motherwort : about Leeds, Mel- 
 merby, and Scotton, 7, $ 
 
 Rartsia ulpina, Alpine Bartsia : Cronkley Fell in Tees- 
 dale, 7- 
 
 LnthrceaSquamaria, Toothwort : woods near Kirkham, 
 Newburgh, Coxwold, &c. 4. 
 
 Scrophularia
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Scrophuhria ver nails, Yellow Figwort : about New- 
 burgh near Cox wold, 4, 5. 
 
 Limosella aquatica, Mud wort. near Normanby Bridge, 
 
 Draba incana, Twisted-podded Whitlow-grass: w. side 
 of Ingleborough, near Settle ebbing well, 5, 8. 
 
 Draba muralts, Speedwell-leaved Whitlow-grass : rocks 
 at Settle, lngleton, and Mai ham Cove, 5. 
 
 Alussum sativum, Gold of Pleasure: cornfields at Esk 
 near Beverley, Heslington fields near York, 6. 
 
 Lepidium petreeum, Mountain Peppei wort : rocks near 
 the waterfall at Burton, in Bishopdale, 3, 4. 
 
 Thlaspi alpestre, Alpine Shepherd's Purse : between 
 Settle and Malham \ in. of the Tarn, and Ingleborough, 6, 7- 
 
 Iberis nudicaulis, Naked-stalked "Candy-tuft: Bulmer 
 fields, quarries on Crook's Moor, Sheffield, 5. 
 
 Turritis glabra, Smooth Tower Mustard : lanes near 
 Thirsk, and near Ripon, 5, 6. 
 
 Turritis hirsuta, Hairy Tower Mustard : walls at Cox- 
 wold and near Ripon Minster, 5. 
 
 Geranium pheeum, Dusky Crane's-bill : woods near 
 Claphani, lngleton, and Settle, 5, 6. 
 
 Geranium sylvaticum, Wood Crane's-bill : about Settle, 
 lngleton, Helmsley, and Pateley Bridge, 6, 7- 
 
 Lathyrus Aphaca, Yellow Lathyrus : Maiton fields, and 
 Monckton near Ripon, (>, 8. 
 
 Vicia sylvatica, Wood Vetch : \\ cods near Greta Bridge 
 and Hovingham, J, 8. 
 
 Vicia bithynica, Rough-podded Vetch: gravelly corn- 
 fields near Doncaster, 7, 8. 
 
 Astragalus Uupoglottis, Purple Milk-vetch: Gatton 
 Dale near Scarborough, Thorp Arch, 6, J. 
 
 Hypochasris macvluta, Spotted Cat's-ear : about Mal- 
 ham Cove and Ottermine Cove near Settle, "J. 
 
 Giiupkutium dioicum, Mountain Cudweed: Bulmer and 
 VVilburn Moors, Rosedale Head near Whitby, 6, 7- 
 
 SoFaogo Virgaurea, Golden Rod : on and about Ingle- 
 N'Tough, 7, !' ' 
 
 Doroiricnm Pardalianches, Leopard's Bane : near the 
 World'i End, HaiTowgate, 5. 
 
 Centaury
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Centauroa solstitialis, St. Barnaby's Star Thistle : dry 
 pastures at Frystone, 7. 8. 
 
 Pyrethrum muritimum, Sea Feverfew : Flamborough 
 Head, 7. 
 
 Orchis ustulata, Dwarf Orchis : dry meadows near Cas- 
 tle Howard, Ripon, Coxwold, Leeds, &c. 6. 
 
 Satyrium albidum, White Satyrium : Dallow Gill, moun- 
 tains n. of Helmsley, Malhani, &c. fi. 
 
 Ophrys Nidus-avis, Bird s-nest Ophrys : Laver banks by 
 Ripon, Wetlierby and Studley woods, 5, 6. 
 
 Ophrys cordatu, Least Tway-blade : on Hornby and In- 
 gleborough hills near Scarborough, J. 
 
 Ophrys aranifera, Spider Ophrys : about Bramham and 
 Tadcaster, 4. 
 
 Malaxis paludosa, Marsh Tway-blade : w. of Middleton, 
 7- 
 
 Cypripedium Calceolits, Ladies' Slipper : woods and 
 hilly pastures about Kilnsay, Arnclift', Litten, and Kettle- 
 well, between Ingleton and Chapel-in-the-Dale, 6. 
 
 Serapias ensifolia, Narrow-leaved Helleborine : woods 
 at Settle and Ingleton, 6. 
 
 Serapias rubra, Purple Helleborine : mountain woods 
 about Clapham and Ingleton, 6. 
 
 Typha aiigustifolia, Lesser Reedmace : Seamer Meer 
 near Scarborough, Market Weighton, 6, 7- 
 
 Carex teretiuscula, Lesser Panicled Carex : bogs near 
 Ripon, Arrain Car near Beverley, and near Copgrave, 5. 
 
 Littorella laeustris, Plantain Shoreweed: Terrington 
 Car, Futton Moor, Blackmoor near Leeds, (i. 
 
 Salix herbacea, Least Willow: Ingleborough mountain, 
 
 Empetrum nigrum, Crow or Crakeberry: Brimham 
 rocks, Earsley Moor, about Helmsley, Byland, and Wass, 5. 
 
 Rhodiola rosea, Rose Root: on Ingleborough and Ht*nl- 
 knot, 5, ii. 
 
 Equisetum mjlvuticum, Wood Horsetail: brooks in Dnn- 
 dy Dale and Rose Dale near Whitby, Leeds, Laver i*auks 
 iK'ar Ripon. 
 
 Osmunda Lunaria, Moonwort : on the Mausoleum hill 
 at Castle Howard, Richmond Race-ground, / 
 
 Ounundn
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Oamituda regalh, Flowering Fern : plantation at Har- 
 row-gate, near Mixendale Mill by Halifax, 7, 8. 
 
 Lycopodium Selaginoides, Prickly Club Moss : in Ter- 
 rington Car, Welburn Moor. 
 
 Lycopodium alpimtm, Alpine Club-moss : near tbe top 
 of Ingleborough, about Keighley and Whitby. 
 
 Polypodlum Dr;/op tov*-,Three-branched Polypody: near 
 the waterfall at Hackfall, near Bolton Abbey Wharfdale. 
 
 Asplenium viride, Green Maiden-hair Spleenwort : 
 walls and rocks at Settle, near Leeds, Malham. 
 
 Asplenium scptentrionule, Forked Spleenwort : Ingle- 
 borough Hill. 
 
 Scohpendrium Ceterach, Scaly Spleenwort : near Ap- 
 pcrly Bridge. 
 
 Pferis cris]ia, Curled or Rock Brakes : on Inglebo- 
 rough, Haworth near Halifax, and Wensley Dale. 
 
 Hymenophyllum Tunbridgense, Tunbridge Filmy-leaf: 
 Foals Foot Rock on Ingleborough. 
 
 Pilularia glofmlifera, Pill-wort or Pepper-grass : -Ter- 
 rington Car and Stockton Moor, 6, 9. 
 
 Schcuchzcria palustris, Marsh Scheuchzeria : Lakeby 
 Car near Boroughbridge, very rare, 6.
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Minerals, Fossils, Crustacea, c\-c. found at Scarborough. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Iron : the shores of Scarborough ahound with it in va- 
 rious combinations. 
 
 Jet: in veins between the rocks near Scarborough. 
 
 Pyrites, four sorts : near Scarborough. 
 
 Soar, rhcmbo-dal, cunei orm, and efflorescent : near 
 Scarborough. 
 
 Mica in granite: near Scarborough. 
 
 Snake-s ones 
 Sea Hedge-hog 
 
 FOSSILS. 
 
 Cornu Ammoms, 3 varieties. 
 
 - Echinus, 4 var. Cordati, Ova- 
 
 rii, Disroides, and Galcati. 
 Grypkites, 2 var. 
 
 - Parte nit en. 
 
 - Cardites. 
 Trochitee. 
 
 - Buccinites. 
 
 - PintiafragiUs. 
 
 - Entrochus. 
 
 Crow-stones 
 
 Escallops - 
 
 Cockles 
 
 Top-shells . 
 
 "VVelks 
 
 Sea Ham or Wing 
 
 Sea Lily 
 
 Fossil ertebrae. 
 
 All the above in the vicinity of Scarborough. 
 
 cku stack or 
 Found upon tit 
 The Cleanser Crab 
 Spider Crab 
 The Plated Lobster 
 Hermit Crab 
 Great Cuttle-fish 
 Small Cuttle-fish 
 The Ink-fish 
 Sea Hedge-hog - 
 Sea Egg - 
 Marginated Chiton 
 Smooth Chiton - 
 
 S FISH AND SHELLS 
 
 : ccust at. Scarborough. 
 Cancer Depurator. 
 
 - araueus. 
 
 slrigosus. 
 
 Bernardnt. 
 
 - Sepia Loligo. 
 
 - Sepiola. 
 
 - officinalis. 
 
 - Echinus esculentus. 
 Spatagnus, 
 
 Chit on marginatum, 
 leevis. 
 
 The Piddock 
 White Pholas 
 
 Curled Pholas 
 
 VOL. IK 
 
 BIVALVE SHELLS. 
 
 - Pholas Dactylus. 
 
 - candidus, 
 
 - crispatus. 
 
 The
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 The Pod Razor - 
 Carnation Tellin - 
 The aculeated Cockle 
 Simpleton Mactra 
 Strong Mactra 
 Large Mactra 
 Yellow Donax 
 Commercial Venus or 
 
 Clam 
 The great Escallop 
 The great Muscle 
 
 Solen Silinua. 
 Tellinn incarnata. 
 Cardium echinatvm, 
 Mactra Stultorum. 
 
 soli da. 
 
 lutraria. 
 
 Donax Trunculus. 
 
 Venus mercenaria. 
 
 Pert at ma. ri nuts. 
 Mutilus Muiliulns. 
 
 I'M VALVKS. 
 
 Massy Whelk * - 
 Waved Whelk - 
 Striated Whelk - 
 Long Whelk 
 Despised Whelk - 
 Transparent Limpet 
 
 Buccinum Lapilbts. 
 Buccinum undatmn. 
 
 .striatum. 
 
 Mil rex cnritc>:s. 
 
 desjtectus. 
 
 Patella pellucida. 
 
 The above are from Mr. Hinderwell's History of Sear~ 
 borough; yet I think these cannot be all the shells that are 
 found upon the Scarborough coast: I have never been upon 
 a sandy beach where turbos and trochuses were not found. 
 
 *This shell produces a purple dye. Under the broad part 
 of the shell is a yellow vein ; dip a pen in the vein and write 1 
 your name upon a white handkerchief, lay it in the sun to 
 dry, it will first turn green, afterwards to a reddish purple, 
 and never wash out.
 
 WATERING and SEA BATHING-PLACES 
 
 IN THE 
 
 NORTHERN COUNTIES AND WALES. 
 
 CAERNARVONSHIRE. Caernarvon ; Denbighshire. 
 CARDIGANSHIRE. Aberystwith ; Abergelly. 
 GLAMORGANSHIRE. Swansea ; Newton, 5 m. s.w. 
 from Bridge End. 
 
 MERIONETHSHIRE. Barmouth, 10 m. from Dolgel- 
 ly : Towyn, 12 m. from Machunleth. 
 
 PEMBROKESHIRE. Tenby, 25 m. fromCaermarthen. 
 RADNORSHIRE. Llandrindod Wells, 8 m. from Rhy- 
 ader and 7 m. from Builth. A$ 
 
 CHESHIRE. Park Gate, 10 m. from Chester. v , 
 
 CUMBERLAND. Gilsland Spa, 14 m. e.n.e. from V 
 Brampton. 
 DERBYSHIRE. Buxton ; Matlock. '* 
 
 DURHAM. Hartlepool, 12 m. from Stockton. S"**- * 
 LANCASHIRE. Blackpool, 17 m. from Preston. $**# Prf\ 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. Tinemouth, 9g in. from New- 
 castle. 
 
 YORKSHIRE. Askern, 8 m. fromDoneaster; Cotham, 
 14 m. from Stokesleyj Harrowgate, 3 m. from Knaresbo- 
 rough ; Scarborough ; Filey, 1 1 m. from Scarborough ; 
 Bridlington.
 
 WATERING and SEA BATHING PLACES 
 
 IN 
 
 SCOTLAN D. 
 
 ABERDEENSHIRE. Peterhead, famous for sea-bath- 
 ing; and its mineral well esteemed for disordei s of the sto- 
 mach and bowels, nervous affections, scrophula, tScc. 
 
 AYRSHIRE. Saltcoats, 18 m. from Ayr, on the coast 
 dRthe Frith of Clyde ; good sea bathing-quarters. 1 in. 
 further is Aidwnan, town and harbour, elegant inn, and 
 baths, erected by the E^rl of Eglinton. 13 m. farther x.w. 
 Largs, excellent bathing-quarters and the most romantic 
 scenery. 
 
 DUMBARTONSHIRE. Helensburgh, 8 m. from Dum- 
 barton, 22 m. from Glasgow ; at the entrance of the river 
 Clyde elegant inn and baths, with comfortable lodging- 
 houses. 
 
 DUMFRIES-SHIRE. Moffat and Hartfell, celebrated 
 for mineral waters, sulphureous and chalybeate, famous 
 for their efficacy in scrophulous, herpetic, and rheumatic 
 affections. 
 
 EDINBURGH-SHIRE. Leith, 2 m. elegant baths, with 
 good lodging-houses ; Newhaven, 2 in. convenient for sea- 
 bathing, lodging-houses, &c. Porto Bello, 3 in. s.e. of 
 Edinburgh, a pleasant village, extensive sandy beach, hot 
 and cold baths, with elegant and commodious dwellings; 
 St. Bernard's Well, adjoining Edinburgh, a strong sulphu- 
 reous spring of great medicinal virtues. 
 
 FIFESHIRE. Burntisland, Kirkaldy, with several sea- 
 bathing places of less note. 
 
 LINLITHGOWSHIRE. Blackness, 15 m. x.w. from 
 Edinburgh on the Frith of Forth, but indifferent bathing- 
 quarters. 
 
 PERTHSHIRE. Dumblane, G m. x. of Stirling, some 
 lately discovered mineral springs of great medicinal virtue. 
 Pitcaithley, (i m. s. of Perth, five mineral springs of the 
 same quality, but different degrees of strength; efficacious 
 in scrophulous and herpetic complaints: good accommo- 
 dation for visitors. 
 
 RENFREWSHIRE. Gourock, a small village 2 m. w. 
 of Greenock ; good sea-bathing, accommodation ^indifferent, 
 a fine romantic situation.
 
 WALES. 
 
 If the tourist has the tcish to visit the most remarkable objects 
 in the ivhole of the twelve Counties forming this Principa- 
 lity, it is recommended thai the following order in travelling 
 through the Counties should be observed; entering Wales 
 from Monmouthshire into 
 
 SOUTH WALES, 
 Glamorganshire 
 Brecknockshire 
 Carmarthenshire 
 Pembrokeshire 
 Cardiganshire 
 Radnorshire 
 
 NORTH WALES, 
 
 Montgomeryshire 
 
 Merionethshire 
 
 Caernarvonshire 
 
 Anclesey Island 
 
 Denbighshire 
 
 Flintshire. 
 
 The Counties beinjj separately printed, directions can be 
 given to the bookbinder to form such arrangement as may 
 be the most agreeable to the traveller. 
 
 The tourist may probably find it of use, in order to assist 
 his determination, to have this outline of an Iter before him. 
 
 ROUTB. 
 
 Cheltenham to 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 Newnham - 
 
 L'tiney 
 
 Chepstow 
 
 Newport 
 
 Cardiff - - - - 
 
 Llandaff - 
 
 Cardiff tn Caerphilly 
 
 MerthyrTydvil ... 
 
 Pont Neath Vaughn, Pont Ned Ve- 
 chan, or Pont Neath Vaughan 
 
 (FromthiA to Biccknockis)8 miles,at 
 which p'ae the touristmoy radiate 
 jr<>m Jl>r the tour of this county, 
 and return to Pont Neath Faughn.) 
 
 Neath - - - 
 
 Swansea - - - 
 
 By Ovstermouth and Penrice to 
 Cheriton - 
 
 VOL. II. M 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 - Monmculh 
 
 - Glamorgan 
 
 12 
 8 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 3 
 7 
 
 17 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 9 
 
 20 
 Usually
 
 WALES. 
 
 BOBTK. 
 
 TJanellv cross the Jiury 
 
 Kidwelly ... 
 
 Caermarthr-n 
 
 I.lauaharne 
 
 Tenby - 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 Return to Tenby 
 
 Haverfordwest 
 
 St. Davids 
 
 Fishgard - 
 
 Newport - 
 
 Cardigan ... 
 
 Aberayroo - 
 
 Aberystwith 
 
 Havod - 
 
 Machynllaith over Plinlimmon 
 
 Talylyn ... 
 
 Dolgelly ... 
 
 Barmouth - 
 
 Harlech ... 
 
 Return to Barmouth 
 
 Tan-y-bwlch by Dolgelly & Falls 
 
 Beddgelert 
 
 Llanberris orer Snowdon 
 
 Caernarvon - : 
 
 Plas-Newydd 
 
 Bangor - 
 
 Conway 
 
 Al>ergele ... 
 
 St. Asaph - - - 
 
 Denbigh - 
 
 Ruthin ... 
 
 Wrexham - 
 
 Ruabon ... 
 
 Llangollen - 
 
 Oswestry - 
 
 Welch Pool 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Bishops Castle 
 
 Ludlow ... 
 
 Leominster 
 
 Hereford 
 
 Ross 
 
 Monmouth 
 
 Chepstow 
 
 couvrrES. Mir.E*. 
 Caermarthen 7 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 16 
 11) 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 - Cardigan 
 
 Montgomery 
 Merioneth 
 
 Caernarvon 
 
 Anglesey 
 Caernarvon 
 
 Derd-iqk 
 Flintshire 
 Denbigh, 
 
 Shropshire 
 Montgomery 
 
 ' 
 
 Shropshire 
 Hereford 
 
 Mon>nouth 
 
 20 
 16 
 16 
 
 7 
 II 
 22 
 15 
 12 
 27 
 10 
 16 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 R 
 lt> 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 Tl* 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 12 
 18 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 16 
 11 
 12 
 U
 
 ANGLESEY ISLAND 
 (NORTH WALES) 
 
 Is the most n.w. division of North Wales, is separated from 
 Caernarvonshire by the Menai Strait, and surrounded on 
 the other sides by the Irish Sea. In length it is about 19 
 miles, in breadth 23, in circumference 80 miles, and con- 
 tains 402 square miles. The air of the island is salubrious-, 
 excepting about autumn, when the fogs from the sea oc- 
 casion a disposition to ague. The soil, though unpromising 
 in appearance, being both rocky and mountainous, is re- 
 markably fertile in barley and oats, and a part of it bor- 
 dering the Menai is finely wooded. The copper-works of 
 this island are of the greatest magnitude and value. This 
 island was chosen by the Druids or British Priests, during 
 the persecution of the Romans, as an asylum ; but Roman 
 ambition knew no bounds : they first invaded this Island 
 in the reign of Nero, when it was bravely defended by the 
 Britons. Julius Agricola added it finally to the Roman 
 conquests. The English brought the Island under their 
 subjection in the reign of Edward I. when it was first called 
 Anglesey, or the English Island. There are now to be 
 found, according to Mr. Bingleys Tour, 28 cromlechs, or 
 the remains of cromlechs, viz. 
 
 Cromlechs. Parishes where found. 
 
 Two at Plas Newydd - - - - Llan Edwen 
 One at Bodowyr ----- Llanidan 
 One at Myfyrian ----- Llanidan 
 One at Trevor - - - - - Llanfadwrn 
 Two at Rhos Fawr - - - - Llanfair yn Mathafarn 
 One at Marian Pant y Saer - - Llanfair yn Mathafara 
 One at Llugwy ----- Penrhos Llugwy 
 One at Parkiau ----- Penrhos Llugwy 
 Three on Bodafon mountain - Llanvihangle Tr'erbeirdd 
 Three at Boddeiniol - - - - Llanbaleo 
 
 One at Cromlech Llanfechell 
 
 One at Henblas ----- Llan Gristiolis 
 
 One at Tynewyddland - - - Llanfaelog 
 One partly demolished on Mynd- 
 
 dy-y-Cnwe ------ Llanfaelog 
 
 m 2 Three
 
 ANGLESEY ISLAND. 
 
 Cromlech*. Parishet where found. 
 
 Three small ones near Cryghle 
 
 river ------- Llanfaelog 
 
 One near TowynTrewen - - Llanfihangel yneibwl 
 One near Llanallgo - - - - Llanalgo 
 
 One at Cromlyn ----- Llandone 
 
 One at Bodiew 
 
 One at Rhos-y-Ceryg 
 
 Llan Edwin, 4 m. n. by e. from Caernarvon. In this 
 parish is Plas Newydd, the elegant mansion of the Marquis 
 of Anglesey, containing some tine paintings : the grounds 
 are highly ornamented ; near the house are two perfect 
 cromlechs. This and the adjoining parishes abound with 
 Druidical circles, Altars, and monumental stones. Near a 
 path leading into the road is a large Carnedd overgrown 
 with grass, b.e. Upon a high hill about 1 m. n. of the man- 
 sion of the Marquis of Anglesey, a fine pillar is erecting 
 in compliment to his Lordship ; when finished, it will be a 
 most beautiful object from the road between Bangor and 
 Caernarvon. 
 
 Llan-fair-pwllgwymgyll, 6 m. s. by w. from Beau- 
 maris. Near the shore, upon a rocky eminence, is an an- 
 cient British fortification called Craig-y-dynas, opposite 
 which are the S welly Rocks, b.e. 
 
 Bodowyb, 2\ m. from Plas Newydd. Near is a remark- 
 able cromlech, b.e. 
 
 Tan-ben-Ceven, on the river Breint. In this village 
 are two large entrenchments; the one called Caer Cib has 
 a double fo>s and vallum, supposed the outworks of Tier 
 Diyw, the residence of the arch-Druid. His Bryn Gwyn, 
 or Royal Tribunal, is a circular hollow 180 feet diameter, 
 surrounded by an immense Agger of stones and earth. 
 Near Tre'r Dryw are the reliques of a Druid circle with a 
 cromlech in the centre, b.e. 
 
 Llamuax, 5 m. \. by e. from Caernarvon. On the top 
 of Gwydryn Hill is a fortification with triple foss and vallum, 
 supposed British, b.e. In the Ch.-wall is a stone called 
 Maen Mr.rdhwyd or the Stone of the Thigh, p. 
 
 Newburoi gh or Newhkugh, a market town. -At 
 Yroudog near Newborough is a stone of memorial with an 
 inscription, supposed Danish. On Guidrin Hill are the ruins 
 
 of
 
 ANGLESEY ISLAND. 
 
 of an ancient fortification. At Newbrugh is a Mat Manu- 
 factory. B.E. 
 
 Lunerchymedd. Not far from the road by the wood9 
 Is a large cromlech called Arthur's Quoit, b.e. 
 
 Llanfair-ynghornwy, 8 m. s.w. from Amlwch. At 
 Monarchty in this parish are three stones of memorial, 
 placed in a triangular form about 500 yards from each 
 other, called Meini-hirion, and not far distant are two cir- 
 cular encampments called Castell-Crw. b.e. 
 
 Holyhead. On the summit of Pen Caer Cybi or Caer- 
 twr is an ancient circular building, supposed to have been 
 a pharos. Near the Ch.-yard are massy walls with circu- 
 lar towers. Assembly Room and Baths. Light-house. Tie 
 Head, a huge mass of rocks hollowed into magnificent 
 caves, particularly one called the Parliament House. Pack- 
 ets from hence to Dublin every day except Thursday ; the 
 distance is 20 leagues or GO miles, b.e. 2 m. e. from Ho- 
 lyhead, upon a mount on the common, are the ruins of Ca- 
 pel St. Ffraid. p. 
 
 Rhos Colyn, 5 m. s. by e. from Holyhead. Near the 
 Four-mile Bridge is a quarry of serpentine or marble, con- 
 taining a green amianthus or brittle asbestos, b.e. 
 
 Llech-Cynfarwy or Llech-gwn-farwydd, 10 m. . 
 from Holyhead. Near Presaddfed, the seat of Sir John 
 Bulkeley, are two cromlechs, one standing, the other down ; 
 the table-stone of the former is supported by three others 
 6 feet high. On an eminence near-by is a stone of memo- 
 rial 9 feet high, called Llech-gwen-farwyd. b.e. 
 
 Pary's Mountain, 10 m. n.w. from Gwindy Inn. 
 Pary's Mine and Mona Mine: these two copper-mines are 
 the most extraordinary in the kingdom, and the excava- 
 tions are awfully grand. Near are smelting-houses. These 
 mines produce black ore containing copper mixed with ga- 
 lena, calamine, and silver ; malachite or green and blue 
 carbonate of copper ; native copper ; sulphate of copper 
 crystallized j sulphate of lead with silver; ore of zinc and 
 native sulphur. Here is likewise an alum-work. b.e. 
 
 Llanfechell, 6 m. w. from Amlwch. Here is a large 
 fallen cromlech, and a fine quarry of very curious and beau- 
 tiful marble, called Verd antiche. b.e. 
 
 Llangefni, 10 m. w. from Beaumaris. In this parish 
 is Tre-garnedd, near which is an immense carnedd of 
 stouts, surrounded by a circle of upright ones. b.e. 
 
 m 3 Thegaian,
 
 ANGLESEY ISLAND. 
 
 Theoaian, 10 m. w.x.w. from Beaumaris. The coast 
 between Treathloch and Moelfapoint near Red Wharf Bay 
 produces several kinds of excellent marble, black, gray, 
 and mottled brown ; also a variety of shells, p. 
 
 Pentraeth, 4 m. n.w. from Beaumaris. Ch. in a very 
 picturesque situation. A m. distant is Plas Gwyn, the seat 
 of the Panton family : in a field near the porter's lodge are 
 two stones of memorial, b.e. S m. from Plas Gwyn, on the 
 shore, are two mounts supposed Danish, p. 
 
 Llanfair-a-fern Eitholf, 7i m. w.by n. from Beau- 
 maris. In the Ch.-yard is a modern carnedd, a place of 
 interment for the Wynne family, also an immense large 
 yew-tree. b.e. 
 
 Lean Baku, 5 m. w.x.w. from Llannerchy Medd. Near 
 is a stone of memorial with an inscription, called Maen 
 Lhanol ; it is now broken, n.d.e. 
 
 Beaumaris. Grand ruins of the Castle. Ch. monu- 
 ments. Town-hall. Ball-room. Baron Hill, the elegant seat 
 of Lord Bulkeley, with beautiful grounds ornamented with 
 characteristic buildings. Near is a semicircular bastion 
 commanding an enchanting view. 1 m. x.n.e. at Castell 
 Aber Llienawg, are the vestiges of an ancient fort. 3~ m. 
 N. by e. at Pen Mon, are the remains of a Pr. (1221). 
 Quarries of millstone and limestone. The ancient Ch. and 
 monuments are worthy the notice of the tourist. In Pen 
 Mon Park is a very ancient curious ornamented British 
 Cross. 4 m. from Pen Mon on Priestholm Island, is an old 
 square tower. b.e. 2^ m. near a house called Trevor is a 
 double cromlech, m.a. 
 
 Llandonna, 3 m. w. from Beaumaris. Near is a hill 
 called Arthur's Round Table, upon which are the remains 
 of an ancient fortification called Din or Dinas Sylwy, with 
 double valla. In the vicinity is a curious rock called Nant- 
 ye-dienyd. b.e. 
 
 Llanjestyn, 2 m. N.from Beaumaris. In the Ch. is a 
 tomb of curious workmanship. n.E. 
 
 Penmynnyud, 6" m. w. from Beaumaris. In the Ch. is 
 a magnificent monument, b.e. 
 
 Boddedehn. A curious cromlech in the 2d field op- 
 posite the i>th milestone from Holyhead. 
 
 minerals. 
 Native copper, copper, lead, galena, calamine, silver, 
 
 malachite
 
 ANGLESEY ISLAND. 
 
 malachite or green carbonate of copper, sulphate of copper 
 crystallized, sulphate of lead with silver, native sulphur, 
 ore of zinc, alum, aluminous slate, black gray chert, yel- 
 lowish greasy clay containing lead ore : Pary's Mountain 
 mines. 
 
 Green magnesian slate : between Holyhead and Cym- 
 lyn Bay. 
 
 Green amianthus or brittle asbestos in green marble : 
 near Khos Collin. 
 
 Red ochre: near Dulas Bay, 13m. N.w.from Beaumaris. 
 
 Red and blue ochre: 3 m. k. from Cemlyn. 
 
 Freestone, serpentine, coal: near Maldrath Creek 4 m. 
 8.E. from Aberfraw. 
 
 Crystallized sulphate of lead, or native vitriol of lead 
 (B. M. 129): Pary's Mountain mine. 
 
 Red and green serpentine extremely beautiful : at Mr. 
 Bullock's quarry G m. from Pary's copper-mine. 
 
 The Island of Anglesey is celebrated for some rare ma- 
 rine productions, particularly for the variety of its Crabs 
 and Shells, the former are principally obtained on the rocky 
 coasts about Llanddwn, Roscohn, Holyhead, and Penmon; 
 they are found at low water under the stones. 
 
 The shells are principally dredged up by the oyster- 
 catchers betwixt Beaumaris and the Island of Priestholrjs, 
 and in Redwharf Bay. 
 
 Tlic following is a List of the principal of these Productions. 
 
 Pea Crab - - - - Cancer Pi sum. 
 Long-homed Crab - longicornis. 
 
 -Velvet Crab - velutinus. 
 
 Great-clawed Crab - - platicheles. 
 
 Long-clawed Crab - - Cassivelanus. 
 
 Slender T legged Crr.b - - Phalangium. 
 
 . Black-clawed Crab - - 'pagurus. 
 
 Common Blue Crab - Manas. 
 
 Lobster ----- Ciuiumarus. 
 
 Plated Lobster - strigosus. 
 
 Depilatory Aplysia - - Aplysia depilans. 
 
 Amber Doris ... Doris elect tina. 
 
 Little Aphrodita - - Aphrodita minuta. 
 
 Sulcated Actinia - - - Actinia sulcata. 
 
 Dotted
 
 ANGLESEY ISLAND, 
 
 Dotted Starfish - 
 Hispid Starfish - 
 Lizard Starfish 
 Boarded Starfish - 
 
 Sea Hedge-hog - 
 Scymetar Razor-shell 
 Pellucid Razor-shell 
 Sub-oval Razor-shell 
 Echinated Cockle 
 Smooth Cockle - 
 Common Cockle 
 Smooth Scallop - 
 Furrowed Scallop 
 Crooked Muscle 
 Pellucid Muscle - 
 Umbilicated Muscle 
 Oval Volute - 
 Ribbed Whelk - 
 Cinereous Top - 
 Tuberculated Top 
 Smooth Wreath - 
 Auger Wreath 
 Fasciated Wreath 
 Inclining Limpet 
 Honey-comb Isabella 
 
 - Asterias oculata. 
 
 - hispida. 
 
 - lacertosa. 
 
 - sphcerulata. 
 
 SHELLS. 
 
 - Echinus escitlentut. 
 
 - Solen Vagina. 
 
 - pellucidut. 
 
 Legumen. 
 
 - Cardinm echinatum. 
 
 - lavigatum. 
 
 - edule. 
 
 - Pecten kevis. 
 
 - glaber. 
 
 - Mytilus incurvatus. 
 
 - pellucidut. 
 
 - umbtlicatus. 
 
 Voluta tornatilis. 
 
 - Murex costatus. 
 Trochus cinercus. 
 
 major. 
 
 - Turbo Icevis. 
 
 - Terebra. 
 
 - fasciatus. 
 
 - Patella intorta. 
 
 - Sabella alveolata. 
 See Mr. Bingley's Tour. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Salvia pratensis, Meadow Clary : dry meadows near 
 Llanidan, / 
 
 Iris foetidissima, Stinking Iris : Priestholm Island, 6. 
 
 Knappia agrostidea, Early Knappia: s.w. coast in 
 sandy pastures, 3, 4. 
 
 Triticum loliaceum, Dwarf Sea-wheat Grass : Beauma- 
 ris Green, 6, 7- 
 
 Rubia peregrina, Wild Madder : sea rocks near Beau- 
 maris, 6, 7- 
 
 Ruppia marithna, Sea Ruppia : between Beaumaris and 
 Penmon, 7- 
 
 Centunculus minimus, Bastard Pimpernel : lake side 
 near Bangor Ferry, 6, 7. 
 
 Puhtxomria
 
 ANGLESEY ISLAND. 
 
 ,. Pulmonarla maritima, Sea Lungwort : between Trefar- 
 then and Awl-y-Don, 7- 
 
 Lyshnachia thyrsifiora, Tufted Loosestrife: Llyu Llech- 
 ylched, 7- 
 
 . Gentiana Pneamonanthe, Marsh Gentian : heathy com- 
 mons, Rosmeirch, 8, 9. 
 . Drosera longifolia, Long-leaved Sundew : turf bogs,7>8. 
 
 Galanthvs nivalis, Snowdrop: Pentreath, 2. 
 
 Ornitfiogalum umbeltatum, Star of Bethlehem : Maes y 
 Porth woods near Newhorough, 4, 5. 
 -. Scilla verna, Vernal Squill : cliffs on the sea shore, 4. 
 
 Asparagus officinalis, Asparagus : .-sands at Llanfaelog,8. 
 
 Polygonum minus, Small Creeping Persicaria: Aber- 
 firaw Common, 9. 
 
 Cistvs marifolius, Hoary Dwarf Cistus : Arthur's Round 
 Tahle, 5, 6. 
 
 Cistus guttatus, Spotted-flowered Cistus : Holyhead 
 mountain, and near Amlwch, 6, "J. 
 
 . Thalictrum minus, Lesser Meadow-rue: near the sea at 
 Llanfaelog and Red Wharf, (), 7- 
 
 Mentha rotundifolia, Round-leaved Mint: Llanfair 
 ynghornesy, and Bryn-Sieneyn, 8, 9. 
 
 Lepidium latifolium, Broad-leaved Pepperwort : Aber- 
 ffraw, 7 
 
 Iberis nudicaulis, Naked-stalked Candy-tuft: hedges at 
 Pentreath, 5. 
 
 Cramhe maritima, Sea Kale : sea coast between Rhudd- 
 gaer and Llanddwyn, 5, 6. 
 
 Sisymbrium monetise, Dwarf Sea Rocket : Abermenri, 
 ,7. 
 
 Cheiranthus sinnatus, Sea Stock : on Newborough 
 sands endAbermenai Ferry, 8. 
 
 Turritishirsnta, Hairy Tower Mustard: old walls and 
 limestone rocks, 5. 
 
 Erodium raoscliatvm, Sea Storks-bill : between Beau- 
 maris and Penmon, r>, 7 
 
 Lavuteru arborea. Tree Mallow: islets in the s.w. coast, 
 
 7, 10. 
 
 AnthyUis vulneraria 1$, Kidney Vetch: sand bank near 
 Llanddwyn, (i, 8. 
 
 Vicia eylvatica, Wood Vetch : Old Park ueai Beauma- 
 ris, 7, 8. " 
 
 Trifvuvm
 
 ANGLESEY ISLAND. 
 
 Trifulium ornithopodioides, Birds-foot Trefoil : Beauma- 
 ris Green, 6, "J. 
 
 Hypericum Androscemum, Tutsan St. John's-wort : Old 
 Park and hedges near Beaumaris, 7. 8. 
 
 Santolina maritima, Sea Cotton Weed : Abermenai Fer- 
 ry, 8, 9. 
 
 Gmphal'mm dioicum, Mountain Cudweed: heathy com- 
 mons, 6, 7- 
 
 Inula crithmoidea, Samphire-leaved Flea-bane : sea 
 rocks at Llanddwyn, 8. 
 
 Cineraria integrifolia, Mountain Fleawort : declivities 
 above the sea near Holyhead, 5, 7- 
 
 Ophrys mu&cifera, Fly Ophrys : Bodecho and Llandyf- 
 nan, 6. 
 
 Carex dioica, Separite-headed Carex: peat grounds 
 and boggy meadows, 6. 
 
 Carex teretinscula, Lesser-panicled Carex: bogs at 
 Llansadwrn and Llandegfan, 5. 
 
 Littorella lactutris, Shoreweed: shallow lakes and in* 
 undated commons, 6. 
 
 Osmunda Luwiria, Moonwort: old pastures, 7- 
 
 Lycopodium seluginoidcs, Prickly Club Moss: Aber 
 ffraw Common. 
 
 Asplenium marinum, Sea Spleenwort : rocks about 
 Priestholm Island and at Llanddwyn. 
 
 Scolopendrium Ceterach, Scaly Spleenwort : Holyhead 
 mountain. 
 
 PiluLiria globvlifcra, Tillwort or Pepper-grass : -spongy 
 meadows and ditches, J, 8.
 
 BRECKNOCKSHIRE 
 
 (SOUTH WALES) 
 
 Is bounded by Radnorshire, Herefordshire, Monmouthshire, 
 Glamorganshire, Carmarthenshire, and Cardiganshire. 
 This is one of the most mountainous counties in Wales : 
 the immense ridges of hills which separate this from the 
 neighbouring counties render the climate of this county 
 very temperate, and certain spots extremely fertile. It3 
 length and depth are 29 miles by 34, and it is 128 miles in 
 circumference. This county is described as mountainous 
 and grand, affording a sublimity of scenery, interspersed 
 with large plots of cultivation, which attaches a pccul'ar 
 character among the strongly marked features of South 
 Wales ; and it has much the appearance of an English 
 county, in the cultivation, and manners of the people. 
 Provisions are abundant and cheap. 
 
 Crickhowell, amarkettown. Ch. monuments. Ruins 
 of the Castle. Remains of a castellated mansion. Near 
 Llangenny, not far from Crickhowell, is a stone of memo- 
 rial called Long-stone, about 13 feet high. b.e. 
 
 Llangattock, near Crickhowell. In the romantic vale 
 of Clydach are iron-works, and a grand aqueduct 80 feet 
 above the river ; also a waterfall called Y-Pistill-Mawr, or 
 the Great Cascade : Glanwyse and Langottock Park, two 
 seats worthy of notice. In the limestone rocks is a large 
 cavern called Eglwys Faen or the Rock Church, b.e. 
 
 Crig Hywell, 13 m. s.e. from Brecknock. Ch. mo- 
 numents. Ancient gateway called Porth Mawr. About 
 2 m. n. from the town is a British fortress called Howel's 
 Mount. Near the town is Gwernvale, the elegant seat of 
 Mr. Everest; and not far from it, on Tv yn v wlad farm is a 
 Roman stone with CIT . . TVRPILLIICIA . . PWE- 
 RITRILVNIdVNOIA . . TI . . . VII1II upon it disposed 
 in five lines. 
 
 Tretower or Tre'r Twr, 4 m. w. by n. from Crick- 
 howell. Fine ruins of a very ancient Castle. In this neigh- 
 bourhood itj a Roman encampment called the Gacr : there
 
 BRECKNOCKSHIRE. 
 
 is a stone, likewise, with an inscription beginning with Ca- 
 tarhus hie jacet filitx Taserhacus. In the road to Breck- 
 nock, on the top of a hill, is a large Brit sh Camp railed 
 Pennyarth. A li; ti-> n. is another Camp. Upon a hill called 
 Tresil Glas are some cairns. At the pass called Bwlch is 
 a fine prospect. b.e. 
 
 ScTHRo,5m. s.e. from Brecknock. Scethrog House, 
 the seat of J. Jones, esq. By the road-side a cylindrical 
 stone with VICTORINl upon' it. On the top of the hill 
 called Mannest, not far from the road, is a cromlech called 
 Ty Illtyd or Illtyds House. Between Scethrog and Llan- 
 gorp is Llangor.s Pool, a large piece of water, h.c 
 
 Brecknock or Brecon, the county town. Fine ruins 
 of the Castle. Public Walks. Small remains of the Pr. 
 (temp. Hen. I.). Monuments and Saxon font in St. John's 
 Ch. also monuments in Christ Ch. College (temp. Hen. 
 VIII). 2 m. n.w. from Brecon, at Pen y Crug, is a Bri- 
 tish Camp, the most perfect of any in Wales ; it has four 
 fosses. There are some remains of another Camp upon a 
 hill called the Swlch. 3 in. s.k. is Pcnkelly Castle : and 
 3 in. w. by n. is Gacr or Caer Bannaw, a large Roman 
 Camp with a part of the wall remaining : not far from it 
 a stone called Maen y Morwynion or the Maid's Stone, with 
 two figures asul part of an inscription. 5 m. s.e. is Llan- 
 gors or Brecknock Mere. b.e. Near Brecknock is the tine 
 vale of Towey. 
 
 Li.anvii.lo, J m. n.w. from Brecknock. A little west- 
 ward of the Ch. upon Alltfillo Hill is a large British Camp. 
 
 11. E. 
 
 Brynllys, 7 m. n.e. from Brecknock. Picturesque re- 
 mains of the very ancient Castle, supposed by Mr. King (in 
 his Alunimenta Antiq.) to be British, m.a. 
 
 Talgarth, 8 m. s.w. from Hay. In the vicinity are the 
 ruins of Porthaml. 2 m. i:. in a field called Croeslcchaw, 
 is a very remarkable cromlech. Upon a hill called Gader, 
 or the Chair, are Druidical circles, b.e. 
 
 Glasbury, 4 m. w. by s. from Hay. Tregoed, the seat 
 of Viscount Hereford. Near the Ch. are some small remains 
 of a British Camp. b.e. 
 
 Hay, a market town. Ruins of the Castle. View from 
 the Ch.-yard, in which is a stouu effigy of a monk. Near 
 the Ch. is a mount, an.
 
 BRECKNOCKSHIRE. 
 
 Llangeod Castle, 8 m. from Hay. The seat of John 
 Macnamara, esq. whose lady, Mrs. Macnamara, superin- 
 tends a farm round the house of 1800 acres: the pleasure 
 grounds to this seat are enriched with very picturesque 
 Scenery, and waterfalls, d.e. 
 
 Builth, a market town. -Ruins of the Castle. At Porth 
 y dryws is a heautiful Saxon Cross placed in the wall of a 
 house. At the park is a chalybeate spring, b.e. 
 
 Llaxramm arch, 8 m. w. from Builth. Caeraw, the 
 seat of the Lloyd Family, and an artificial mount, b.e. 
 
 Llan wrtyd or Llan worthtid, 12m. w.from Builth. 
 The chalybeate springs, similar to those at Harrowgate,are 
 very much frequented in the summer season ; here are hot 
 and cold baths, with dressing-rooms, &c. Higher up the vale 
 is Dinas, a seat of Lloyd, esq. and near it a lofty mount 
 thought to have been a military station. 1 m. s.e. from 
 Llan worthtid, in a low ground, are two stones of memo- 
 rial 9 feet high and 4 broad, b.e. 
 
 Castle Madoc, between Builth-nd Brecknock. Near 
 the mansion of Castle Madoc is an artificial mound of 
 earth, supposed formerly to have contained the keep. On a 
 hill in this neighbourhood, above Alltarnog, are some re- 
 mains of a British Camp. b.e. 
 
 Llan- devai log, 2 m. from Brecknock. The Ch. is 
 beautifully situated ; the threshold of the Ch.-door has a 
 Roman or British stone, bearing the letters CATVC. and 
 another stone near the steeple has a figure and inscription 
 upon it. Near the 12th milestone between Brecknock and 
 Merthyr is a stone forming the corner of a gateway, in- 
 scribed TIR . .VS. . . CATIRI . . . b.e. 
 
 Devynock, 9 m. w. by s. from Brecknock. Ruins of 
 the Castle called Rhyd y Briw Castle. On a hill at some 
 distance westward, near the road from Y strad gynlais to 
 Trecastle, is a large Druidical circle called Cerig duon or 
 the Black Stones, b.e. 
 
 Ystradfellte, 15 m. s.w. from Brecknock. The sce- 
 nery here is particularly wild and picturesque : near is an 
 artificial mount. Half a mile from this is the remarkable 
 cavern called Porthogof. Beyond this are two cascades of 
 peculiar grandeur ; to be seen to advantage they should 
 b approached from below. Another grand waterfall called 
 Cil Hepste Waterfall, should not be omitted. 
 
 xux. ii. n Pont
 
 BRECKNOCKSHIRE, 
 
 Pont Neath Vaughan, (in Glamorganshire, otithc bor- 
 ders of Brecknockshire), about 5 m. from YstradfcUte. As 
 there are a great many objects worthy the tourist's no- 
 tice in this neighbourhood, he should make Pont Neath 
 Vaughan his head-quarters, where he may procure a guide 
 that will accompany him to all of them. Near is a noble 
 cataract called Sew Enion Gam. Near Yniskedwin are 
 smelting furnaces. The hills to the eastward of this vale 
 contain Carnedds and a few small entrenchments. In the 
 vale is another charming cascade called Scwd yr hen ryd : 
 in ascending the vale of Ystradgynlais, the rocks form a 
 natural wall; in one of them is a hermitage called Cradoc's 
 Church. 
 
 All the above may be visited from Neath in Glamorgan- 
 shire much better than from Brecon. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Limestone : at Abercynrig near Brecknock and Ffrwd- 
 rcch. 
 
 Fire clay : at Dinas Rock near Pont Neath Vaughan. 
 Lead : at Dinas Rock and Coed Cynimer. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Campanula patla, Spreading Rel'.flower : between 
 Brecknock and Hay, and near Crickhowell, "( , 8. 
 
 Viola lutca, Yellow Violet : on the Black Mountains, 
 5,9. 
 
 l r accinium O.njcoccos, Cranberry: Black Mountains, 6. 
 
 Saji'ifraga hypnoides, Mossy Saxifrage : on the Black 
 Mountains, 5, o". 
 
 Sapontiriaqficinalis,Soapv:ort: Llangattock near Crick- 
 howell, 8, 9. 
 
 Arcnaria verna, Vernal Sandwort : Cader Arthur 3 m, 
 from Brecon, 5, 8. 
 
 Gcum rivale, Water Avens : Usgocd Hendry, 6, 7- 
 
 Trollins eiiropceus, Globe Flower : valleys of the Black 
 "Mountains, 5, ti. 
 
 Orobanche minor, Lesser Broomrape : clover fields 
 near Crickhowell, J, 8. 
 
 Geranium prate rise, Crowfoot-leaved Crane's-bill . Istrad 
 Veltid, tf, 7. 
 
 Orobua tylvaticus, Wood Pea :--near Brecknock, 5, 6. 
 
 Hypericum
 
 BRECKNOCKSHIRE. 
 
 Hypericum Androsamum, Tutsan St. John's-wort: near 
 Brecknock, 7, 8. 
 
 Inula Hdenium, Elecampane: near the iron- works lm. 
 from Brecknock, J, 8. 
 
 SalLr herbacea, Least Willow: on Beacon Mountain 
 near Brecknock, 6. 
 
 JEmpetrum nigrum, Crowberry : on the Black Moun- 
 tains, 5. 
 
 Hymcnophyllum Tunhridgense, Tunbridge Filmy-leaf: 
 rocks in the valleys of the Black Mountains.
 
 C A E R M A R T H E N S H I R E 
 
 (SOUTH WALES) 
 
 Is bounded by Cardiganshire, Brecknockshire, Pembroke- 
 shire, Glamorganshire, and by the sea ; is 45 miles long 
 and 20 broad, and about 134 miles in circumference. 
 
 The general surface of Caermarthen is hiiiy, and about 
 the n. and e. parts it is mountainous; the vales are narrow, 
 and the hills rise abruptly from the skirts of small valleys, 
 with which this district is almost every where intersected. 
 The Vale of Towy is the principal level tract (about 30 
 miles), and abounds in picturesque beauties, which from the 
 Grongar Hill and ruined castle of Dynevor alford the 
 richest prospects. 
 
 Llanelly, a market town. The Ch. has two steeples. 
 Near are extensive iron-works. Llangrannach House is of 
 singular construction. 
 
 Kidwelly, a market town. Grand remains of the Cas- 
 tle. Iron and Tin manufactories. A variety of sea shells 
 may be picked up upon the coast, particularly near a farm 
 house belonging to Lord Ashburnham. b.e. 
 
 Lj.anstkphax, 8 m. s. by w from Caermarthen. 
 Kuins of the Castle. St. Anthony's Well. Llanstephan is 
 now become a sea bathing-place, b.e. 
 
 St. Clears, 9 m. s.w. by w. from Caermarthen. Re- 
 mains of a Pr. {ante 1291), and keep hill of a Castle, b.e. 
 
 Laughahne, 13 m. s.s.w. from Caermarthen. Here 
 are the remains of a noble Castle in the pleasure-grounds 
 of Major Starke. The town is well built, and every thing 
 cheap. 
 
 Hellan Amgoed, 5 m. n.e. from Narbeth. In a field 
 belonging to Parken near Cefn Farchen, is a stone inscri- 
 bed " Caii Menvcnduni filii Barcuni." b.e. 
 
 Llanbeidy, 6 m. n.e. from Narbeth in Pembrokeshire. 
 
 Remains of a Camp and two tumuli. Near is a large 
 
 n 3 Druidital
 
 CAERMARTHENSHIRE. 
 
 Druidical circle called Buarth Arthur. Some distance 
 from the above is a large Cromlech called Gwael y Fil ast 
 or Arthur's Table, b.k. 
 
 Caehmarthen, the county town. Public walks : iron- 
 and tin-works. Ch.. monuments. Small remains of the 
 I'r. (114^) and Castle. Traces of a Roman (amp culled 
 the Bulrack. A Roman altar at the Rev. \V. H. Barker's. 
 BE. 
 
 New Church, 3 m. n.e. from Caermarthen. A large 
 tumulus, and near it an upright pillar inscribed " Sjvcr'uii 
 filii Severi." u.k. 
 
 Newcastle Emlyn, a market town. Ruins of the 
 Castle. Ancient bridge. A few miles below Newcastle, 
 near Cenarth, is a beautiful salmon-leap. b.e. 
 
 Penbovr, 4 m. s.e. from Newcastle Emlyn. In the vale 
 are several tumuli. Near the Ch. some vestiges o: a Ro- 
 man Camp. b.e. 
 
 Cvnwyl Elveh, 7 m. n.w. from Caermarthen. Near 
 the summit of a hill is a very large cromlech, and near it 
 a large barrow, also an embankment called the Line. h.e. 
 
 Trllech or Bettws, 12 in. n.w. from Cacrmar hen. 
 In this parish is a large cairn called Crug y Dyrn. h.e. 
 
 Cvnwill Gaeo, 7 m. w.n.w. from Llandovery. Roman 
 stone, now a threshold to a gentleman's house. In the vi- 
 cinity are several tumuli. Ancient remains of an aque- 
 duct. Mr. Johnnes of Del y Cothy has a curious collec- 
 tion of antiquities found in this neighbourhood. There are 
 two or three chalybeate springs in this parish, h.e. 
 
 Llandovery, a market town. Remains of a Castle. 
 At Llanvair ar y bryn are earthworks of a Roman Camp. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Ystrad Ffin Vale, 8 m. n. from Llandovery, and 2 m. 
 to the right of the road to Tregaron. The scenery in this 
 vale is very sublime. Opposite Ystrad Ffin Farm is a co- 
 nical hill called Cerrig Tywi, from the summit is a grand 
 panoramic view; half-way up this hill on the w. side isTho- 
 mas's celebrated Cave. At the foot of the Caermarthen- 
 shire Fan or Beacon is a Lake, with the scenery around it 
 indescribably romantic. n.K. 
 
 Llangadoc, a market town. s.t. is a hill called Tri 
 
 Chrng
 
 CAERMARTHENSHIRE. 
 
 Chrug or the Three Hillocks, from the three carnedds 
 upon it. Near them are some remains of a Camp. b.e. 
 
 Taleey, Jm. N.froni Llandilovawr. Ruins of the ab- 
 bey {circa 1197)- Near is Edwinsford, an ancient man- 
 sion, and one mile distant are two lakes, b.e. 
 
 Llandilo Vawr, a market town. 3 m. s.w. are the 
 ruins of Dynevor Castle, and Newton House the seat of 
 Lord Dynevcr, with many picturesque beauties. Not far 
 from the Castle is a spring that ebbs and flows twice in 
 twenty-four hours, called Nant y Rheibio. 4 m. from 
 Llanrlilo Vawr, and 1 m. n. from the turnpike road, are 
 the fine ruins of Carreg Cennen Castle, supposed British; 
 it commands an extensive view. At Llandavaen a short 
 distance eastward are some natural baths, b.e. 
 
 Llaxfihangee Abeb Bythych, 3 m. s.w. from Llan- 
 diio. Golden Grove, the seat of Lord Cawdor, who pos- 
 sesses an elegant ancient drinking-horn richly mounted 
 upon a silver stand. Not far from this mansion is a British 
 Camp in good preservation, b.e. 
 
 Leandybie, 5m. s. from Liandilo. Here is a good ;nn, 
 much frequented in the grouse-shooting season. Near 
 Glynhir, the seat of W. Dubuisson, esq. are some beautiful 
 cascades, b.e. 
 
 Aukb Glasxey, 4 m. s.s.w. from Liandilo. Near is 
 Grongar Mill, immortalized by Dyer's poem ; upon the top of 
 it. are some remains of a Roman camp with other en- 
 trenchments, and a very extensive view almost unrivalled 
 for variety and beauty. See also the ruins of Dryslwyn 
 Castle. 
 
 Lean Abthxe, 8 m. e. by x. from Caermarthen. The 
 elegant mansion of Middleton Hall, the seat of Sir W. Pax- 
 ton, has beautiful plantations, and attiangular tower to the 
 memory of Lord Nelson that commands a most extensive 
 prospect. In the park are a mineral spring and bath. 
 
 Leaxfihaxgel ah Ararth, 12 m. x. by e. from Caer- 
 marthen. Near the river are several tumuli. In the 
 churchyard a Roman monumental stone with an inscrip- 
 tion to Ulcacinus. In the adjoining parish of Llanllwny ia 
 a large tumuhi3 called the Castle, also remains of a Nun* 
 nery and Priory, b.e.
 
 CARMARTHENSHIRE. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Limestone : near Laugharne. 
 Marble : several quarries in Llangyndein. 
 Coking Coal, iron ore : near Llanelly. 
 Lead : mine at Rhandir yr Abbad, 6 m. from Llando- 
 very. 
 
 FOSSILS. 
 
 Impressions of plants, &c. and stalks of vegetables in 
 the coal slate : at Llanelly. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Eriophorum vaginatum, Single-headed Cotton Grass : 
 mountain bogs, 3. 
 
 Campanula hederacea, Ivy-leaved Bell-flower: shady 
 places near Caermarthen, 6, 8. 
 
 Viola lutea, Yellow Violet : black mountains, 5, 9. 
 Ribes alpina, Mountain Currant : woods at Golden 
 Grove, 4, 5. 
 
 Siutn verticillatum, Whorled Water Parsnep : moist 
 meadows plentifully, 7, 8. 
 
 Juncus acutus, Great Sharp Rush : sandy meadows 
 about Kidwelly, 7- 
 
 I r accinium Oxycoccos, Cranberry : on the mountains, 6. 
 
 Ly thrum hyssopifolium, Hyssop-leaved Loosetrife : 
 roadside near Gelli towards Caermarthen, 8. 
 
 Antirrhinum repens, Creeping Snapdragon : about 
 Llandovery and Llangattoc, 7> 0. 
 
 Hypericum Androsacmum, Tutsan St. John's Wort : 
 frequent in the county, J, 8. 
 
 Salix urgentea, Silky Sand Willow : sand burrows at 
 Llaugharne, 5. 
 
 Empctrum nigrum, Crowberries : on the mountains, 5. 
 
 Scolopendrium Ceterach, Scaly Splecnwort : on walls 
 and rocks.
 
 CAERNARVONSHIRE f 
 
 (NORTH WALES) 
 
 Is nearly wholly surrounded by the sea. On the e. it joins 
 Denbighshire, and a small part of the s. is contiguous to 
 Merionethshire. Its form is - extremely irregular : from the 
 extremity in the sea to its boundary in the k. it is 45 miles, 
 the breadth is various ; in circumference it is 150 miles, and 
 contains 7/5 square miles. This county is the most rug- 
 ged and truly alpine district in North W ales, forming pro- 
 spects rude and savage in the highest degree, but not with- 
 out a mixture of beauty where the dimensions of the vales 
 admit of the varieties of wood, water, and meadow. The 
 narrow vale of Conway is equally romantic and beautiful. 
 Cattle, sheep, and goat3, are almost its sole rural riches, 
 which are fed very high on the mountains in the summer 
 months, tended by their owners, who reside in tempo- 
 rary huts, and make cheese and butter. The vales produce 
 a little meadow-grass for hay, which is got in, from the un- 
 even surface, without the aid of wheel-carriages. The in- 
 habitants live in great simplicity, and manufacture their 
 clothes from the wool of their flocks. Copper, lead, and 
 stone for hones for the cutlers' use, are found in this county. 
 The extent of sea coast gives many haunts to various sea- 
 fowl in the breeding season, and is inhabited by that fine 
 species of hawk the Peregrine Falcon. 
 
 Bedd-gelekt or keeert, 10 m. s.e. from Caernarvon, 
 Here is a good inn, well situated for seeing some of the 
 most interesting scenes in this and the adjacent county. 
 The Tourist will visit Pont Aber-Glas-lyn, (the famous Sal- 
 mon-Leap,) a beautiful bridge and grand cascade. Llyn a 
 Cader, Llyn-y-Dywarchen, and a tine piece of water called 
 Llyn Cawellyn, containing red char, Near is a fine cas- 
 cade. Visit also Nant Gwynant, the most beautiful vale in 
 Bnowdon; a short mile up the vale is Dinas Emiys, having 
 upon its summit the remains of a stone building, and near 
 this hill is the beautiful lake Llyn-y-Dinas. 2 m. beyond 
 thi.;, under the Y-Ar.u., is a romantic hollow called Cwm 
 
 Llan
 
 CAERNARVONSHIRE. 
 
 Llan, and not far from it Llyn Gwynant a small lake, and 
 the ruins of a small Chapel. Near the upper part of the 
 vale are two immense fragments of rocks. Here the moun- 
 tain barrier divides, opening into Nantperis, and further in- 
 to Nant Cerrig: on the right the lofty Sh'mbod, and on the 
 the left cataract Rhaiadr Cwm dyli. Walk from Bedd- 
 gelert 2 m. to Pont Aber Glass-lyn, one of the wonders of 
 Wales. Near Llyn Cawellyn, about midway between Bedd- 
 gelert and Caernarvon (by a small inn the residence of a 
 guide), is the beginning of the ascent to Snowdon, the 
 highest mountain in Wales, the scenery wonderfully mag- 
 nificent, which no tourist will omit ascending. if the clouds 
 are otf the mountain. But the best route to the top of 
 Snowdon, (another of the Welch wonders) is either to ride, 
 walk, or take a chaise from Caernarvon to Cwm Glo Llan- 
 rug, about 4 m. from Caernarvon, there take boat up Llyn 
 Padarn Lake, land near Dolbadern Castle, take a guide from 
 thence and ascend by Caunant Mawr, where is a fine water- 
 fall [from Dolbadern Castle to the top of Snowdon is 4 miles]. 
 Mr. Bingley recommends the following route from Caer- 
 narvon to the summit of Snowdon . " Go from Caernar- 
 von to Dolbadern Castle; then turn to the right by the wa- 
 terfall Caunant Mawr up the mountain, to a vale called 
 Cwm Brvvynog, and proceeding along the ridge s.w. of, 
 and immediately over, the vale of Llanberis, you will come 
 in sight of a black and almost perpendicular rock with 
 Clogwyn Du'r Arddu Lake at the bottom; leave this about 
 a quarter of a mile to your right, ascend the steep called 
 Lechwtdd-y-Re, and direct your course s.w. to the Well (a 
 place known to all the guides) ; from hence it is about a 
 mile to the highest peak of Snowdon." Bivglci/'s Tour, 
 12mo, p. 216. The steep rocks above the Arddu l'ool are 
 celebrated amongst botanists ; here grows that rare plant 
 the Anthericum scroti mini (or Mountain Spiderwort), in 
 flower the latter end of .June and beginning of July. f.. 
 
 Llanbkkkis, 10 m. e. from Caernarvon. In this beau- 
 tiful vale s Dolbadern Castle, and half a mile from the vil- 
 lage near the upper lake a copper mine. Also fct. Pcris's 
 Well. Further on is Bwlch y Gwyddel, a curious gap be- 
 tween two mountains, and Bwlch yr Eisteddfa : d scend- 
 ing from this to Nant Gwynan, you pass a grand cascade, y. 
 
 Pont
 
 CAERNARVONSHIRE. 
 
 Pont-Aber-Glas-lyn, 6.} m. n.n.w. from Tan y Bwlch, 
 and a short walk from Bedd-gelert. Bridge, fine Cascade, 
 and Salmon-leap. p. Copper-mines not far from the bridge. 
 
 Tremadoc, 10 m. n. from Harlech. The seat and im- 
 provements of W. R. Madocks, esq. with its curious lodge, 
 embankment from the sea, &c. b.e. 
 
 Penmorfa, 7 m. n. from Harlech. Near this place is 
 a small Druidical circle nearly perfect. At Clenenny on 
 Bwlwch Craigwen, near Ystymkiged, are three cromlechs 
 joining to each other, m.a. '/. 
 
 Dolbenmean, 12| m. n.n.w. from Harlech. Near is a 
 circular British Tower. Ystym Cegid presents three crom- 
 lechs near each other, b.e. 
 
 Crickaeth, 7 m - E - by n. from Pwllheli. Ruins of a 
 Castle, p. 
 
 Carn Madryn, 5 m. from Pwllheli. A lofty rock, 
 having the bottom, sides, and top, filled with cells, for- 
 merly habitations. Upon the summit are the remains of a 
 wall, and very extensive prospect, p. 
 
 Aberoaron, 20 m. s.w. from Pwllheli. Ch. and circu- 
 lar Camp with double foss and vallum. At this place you 
 take bout for Bardsey Island, which is one mile from the 
 main land ; upon it are the ruins of a Monastery, and cu- 
 rious Chapel or Oratory, b.e. 
 
 Nkfyn, 6 m. n.w. from Pwllheli, a market town. From 
 this place visit Nant y Gwrthrym or Vortigern's Valley. Oa 
 the Eifl Mountain is one of the most magnificent British 
 Posts ever beheld, called Tre'r Caeri: from the Eifl may ba 
 seen several other fortified hills, viz. Boduan above Nefyn, 
 Moel ben Twrch between Tre'r Caeri and Penmorva, and 
 Castel Gwgan with a circular entrenchment, also Pen y 
 Gaer and Porth-yn-Lyn. Upon Moel Garn Guwch, a coni- 
 cal hill s. of Tre'r Caeri, is a prodigious heap of stones, 
 supposed to have been a large tower, p. Near Cefn Arnw- 
 Ich, an old seat of the Hon. Mr. Finch, is a large cromlech 
 called Coeton Arthur, d.e. - U 
 
 Clyxxog, 10 m. from Caernarvon. A beautiful little 
 village; the Ch. is the most magnificent in North Wales ; 
 adjoining the Ch. is a small building called Eglwys Bueno 
 or Buenos Chapel. About half a mile distant is an uncom- 
 monly large cromlech, in a fieia near the sea, belonging to 
 
 a 
 
 at.**- / \/~~ ^"y- v /^*V -~f * 
 
 .,C*C *7Z> -U#~ *: S~~- S*-?>yS?~jr A
 
 CAERNARVONSHIRE. 
 
 & tenement called Bachwen, and 30 yards from it a single 
 Druidical stone pillar, p. 
 
 Llan-i.lyfni,8 m. s. from Caernarvon. Craig-y-Dinas, 
 supposed a military station. From the Parsonage-house 
 Snowdon appears to a greater advantage than from any 
 other place, b.k. 
 
 LLAxnniNioLEN, 4 m. n.e. from Caernarvon. In this 
 parish is a Roman encampment calied Dinordd-wig or Pen 
 Dinas, with a double ditch and rampart. See also Pen y 
 Gaer and Bryn-y-Castrelau,two other entrenchments; like- 
 wise two mineral springs. Near Pen Llyn is Llys, the nuns 
 ef a prince's palace, b.e. 
 
 Caernarvon, site of the ancient city of Segontium. 
 Roman Fort. Beautiful remains of Caernarvon Castle. 
 The Castle is unroofed, but the apartment where the first 
 Prince of Wales was born is shown. Fine monuments in 
 the Ch. Hot and Cold Baths. Quay Walk. Fine view of the 
 Menai from new inn above the town. 2 in. s.w. in Llanwnda 
 are Yr-hen-Gastel, and near Pont Newydd, Dinas ( iorfan, two 
 considerable entrenchments, p. Visit Snowdon by Cwm Glo. 
 (See Beddgelert). [Sunday attend the Jumpers' Chapel.] 
 
 Li.an Dwrog, 5 m. s. by w.from Caernarvon. In this 
 parish is the strong entrenchment called Dinas Dinlle. p. 
 
 Llan Rvo, 3 m. e. from Caernarvon. Roman Altar in 
 the Rectory Garden, found at Llandeiniolen. The rounded 
 stones in the neighbourhood are esteemed a geological cu- 
 riosity, p. 
 
 Bangor. The Cathedral and Walks. 1 m. w. on the 
 shore is a Salmon-snare, e. Living is said to be very cheap 
 at Bangor. A very fine road is formed from Bangor to Ca- 
 pel Kerig through the most terrific part of North Wales : 
 the scenery which it affords the traveller is more grand than 
 can be imagined : and here may we say with Dr. John- 
 son, "All above is inaccessible altitude, all below horrible 
 profundity." The road is carried a considerable way up 
 the side of the mountain : many of these roads have no 
 wall next the precipice, and form rather a fearful sight to 
 the passing tourist. The slate quarries. Lady Penrhyns 
 farm and dairy, &c. 
 
 Ajii-.k Cegid or Cegin, 2 m. from Bangor. PortPen- 
 rhyn has a handsome set of hot and cold sea-water baths. 
 Near theport is a large manufactory of elates, inkstands, &c. 
 
 Penjhyu
 
 CAERNARVONSHIRE. 
 
 Penrhyn Castle, the elegant mansion of Lady Penrhyn. At 
 a short distance is the Chapel, with a cedar pulpit beauti- 
 fully carved; also a window with brilliant stained glass. Mr. 
 Wyatt's Gothic Lodge. In the vicinity of Penrhyn is a cu- 
 rious mill to grind chert, quartz, and flints. In the upper 
 part of the glen, near Aber, is a cataract with a double fall, 
 called Rhaiadr Mawr. In a field called Car Gwillim Dau, 
 is an artificial cave where William de Breos was interred. 
 At Dolawyn, 4 m. from Aber near Llyn Meirig, are Lord 
 Penrhyn's slate quarries, worthy a visit; also the rail- ways 
 and hydraulic machine. The rocks near contain copper ore, 
 molybdena, steatite, &c. upon the eastern side honestone. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Nant Francon May be visited from Aber or Capel 
 Kerig, at the option of the tourist. Down the rocky height 
 called Benlog rush the waters of five lakes, forming a 
 very picturesque and grand waterfall. Near is the singu- 
 lar mountain Trivean. On Oywen Bank is an elegant pa- 
 vilion. The above are in the road from Bangor to Capei 
 Kerig. See the latter, e. 
 
 Penmaenmawr, 5 m. w. from Aber Conway. This tre- 
 mendous mountain has upon its summit, called Pen y Di- 
 nas, a British fortification and cairn ; also Penmanross, and 
 the romantic vale of Sic Nant. a. 
 
 Dwygyoylchi, 2\ m. w. from Conway. Old forts. In 
 the vicinity are a variety of Druidical remains, cromlechs, 
 carnedds, meini hirion. 
 
 In August 1801, Mr. W. Alexander, deceased, made a 
 drawing of this antiquity, and from which the Vignette in 
 vol. ii. is engraved. He describes it as the n.e. view, and , 
 that the tallest standing stone was 9 feet ; the fallen, 12 
 feet; diameter of the circle 23 yards. Thermometer at 58. 
 
 Conway or Aberconway. Noble ruins of a Castle. 
 Curious mansion called Plas-Mawr. Mr. Howard's beauti- 
 ful walks. Gloddeath, the seat of Sir Thomas Mostyn 
 [Many rare plants near Gloddeath]. 2 m. from Gloddeath, 
 on the shore, is St. Trillo's Chapel, half a mile further the 
 Ch. of Llandrillo, and near it the ruins of Bryn Eurun. 
 2g m. from Conway, at Dwygyoylchi and near, are a vari- 
 ety of Druidical and Roman remains, cromlechs, carnedds, 
 &c. (See above.) 5 m. s. at Caer Hun the Ch. stands in a 
 Roman station. Between Conway and Llanrwst is a mug- 
 
 vol. ii. o nificint
 
 CAERNARVONSHIRE. 
 
 nificent cataract called Rhaiadr Mawr, and fine scenery 
 about Pont Dolgarog and Pont Porth Llwyd. Near Con- 
 way is Ormshead, a peninsula, and Puffins Island (the re- 
 sort of this curious bird), and the vast mountain of Pen- 
 maenmawr. 
 
 Llandudno, 5$ m. n. by w. from Conway. Between 
 this village and Ormshead on an eminence called Dinas, is 
 an ancient fortification, near which are circular caves, sup- 
 posed British habitations. Not far from these is a rock- 
 ing-stone called Cryd Tudno orTudno's Cradle, e. <^" 
 
 Capel Kkrig, 8 m. w. by s. from Llanrwst. Here is a 
 very good inn, from which the tourist may visit the follow- 
 ing curious places. Ruins of Dolwyddelan Castle, a grand 
 waterfall called Rhaiadr-y-Graig Llwyd, and noted cascade 
 called Rhaiader-y-Wennol. 33n. from Capel Kerig is the 
 celebrated mountain Glyder Bach, having upon its summit 
 a prodigious groupe of columnar stones ; the top of this 
 mountain is better worth visiting than any in Wales. From 
 it you look down upon the very singular mountain Trevaen, 
 near which is Llyn Ogwen, and not far from the lake Ben 
 Clog the most terrific horse-path in Wales. The waters 
 of five lakes fall down the middle of Ben Clog. From hence 
 to Cwm Idwal, near which is a quarry noted for excellent 
 hones. The vicinity between Llyn Idwal and Llyn Cwm is 
 styled the Botanical Garden of SSnowdon. Ascend the Gly- 
 der Vawr, from which is a noble prospect. Visit the lake 
 Llyn Cwm, where the botanist will find the Lobelia Dort- 
 juanna, Subularia uquntica, Isoetis lacu&tris, Juncus triglumls, 
 Hieracium alpinum, Rubus saxatiUs, Solidago cumbrica, and 
 other rare plants, e. 
 
 See the stone of memorial called Meangwyr near Capel 
 Kerig. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Chert, quartz : base of Carnedd Llewelyn in Llanchid 
 parish. 
 
 Copper ore, molybdena, steatites, hone-stone :- rocks 
 near Dolawyn slate-quarries. 
 
 Crystallized oxide of titanium (D. M. 299) : Snowdon. 
 
 Porphyry, granite, granitel, hornblende, schillerspar, 
 loadstone, Rowley-rag, whinstone, schistose mica, felspar: 
 rocks that compose the higher part of the chain of the 
 Snowdon mountains. 
 
 Red
 
 CAERNARVONSHIRE. 
 
 Red crystallized carbonate of lime (B. M. 4.) : at Pwll- 
 y-cochan, near Conway. 
 
 Basaltic columns, coarse crystals, cubic pyrites : west- 
 ern side of the Snowdon mountains. 
 
 Slate : at Dolbadern, Llanberris, Kilgwyr in Llanlyfni. 
 
 Novaculite of Kirwan : near Cwm Idwal, where great 
 quantities of hones are cut and sent to Ireland. 
 
 BABE PLANTS. 
 
 Veronica spicata, Spiked Speedwell : Penmaen Maur, 
 Llandidno rocks, and near Gloddaeth, 7> 9- 
 
 Veronica hybrida, Welsh Speedwell : Hyssoa Bengam, 
 and Trygyvylehi rocks near the Glyder, 7 
 
 Schaenus albus, White-headed Bog-rush : bog w. of 
 Dolbadern Castle, 8. 
 
 Eriophorum vaginatum, Single-headed Cotton-grass : 
 Turbaries near Llyn Idwel, 3. 
 
 Galiumboreale, Cross-leaved Bed-straw: sides of Snow- 
 don, and rocks near Twll Du above Llyn Idwel, 7- 
 
 Rub ia peregrina, Wild Madder : Gloddaeth and Llandid- 
 no rocks, 6, J. 
 
 Puhnonaria maritima, Sea Lungwort: shore by Orms- 
 head, by the river Llyfni near Clynog, 7 
 
 Aspemgo procumbent, German Mad wort : north side of 
 Llandidno rocks, 4, 5. 
 
 Campanula linifolia, Flax-leaved Bell-flower: rocks on 
 Cwm Idwel, 8. 
 
 Lobelia Dortmanna, Water Lobelia: Llyn-y-Cwn, Llan- 
 berris lake, 7- 
 
 Shim verticillatum, Whorled Water Parsnep: the en- 
 trance meadow to Nant Gwynant Vale from Beddgelert, 7, 8. 
 
 Drosera longifolia, Long-leaved Sundew: between 
 Beddgelert and the Salmon-leap, 7, 8. 
 
 Scilla verna, Autumnal Sqiull : Gloddaeth, Llandidno 
 rocks, 4. 
 
 Anthericum serotlnum, Mountain Spiderwort : on Snow- 
 don, Twll Du rocks, and Crib y Ddescil. 
 
 Juilhis triglumis, Three-flowered Hush: near Llyn 
 Cwm, and between Bryn Bras and Avon Las, 7 
 
 Juncus xplcatus, Spiked Rush : Cwm Idwel, and Isco- 
 lion Duon, 7- 
 
 Vaccinium uliginosum, Groat Bilberry : moist woods 
 about Gwydir, near Llanrwsx, 4, 5. 
 
 o 2 Vacchawn
 
 CAERNARVONSHIRE. 
 
 . ['actinium litis Idcea, Red Whortle Berry : Snowdon, 
 Glyder, and rocks about Llyn Cwm, 6. 
 
 Vaccinmm Oxycoccos, Cranberry : peat bogs common, 6. 
 
 Saxifraga stellaris, Hairy Saxifrage : Snowdon, Nant 
 Francon, and foot of tbe waterfall at Aber, (>, 7- 
 
 Saxifraga nivalis, Clustered Alpine Saxifrage : rocks 
 of Clogwyn-y-Garnedd and Clogwyn dur Arddu, and Cwm 
 Idwel, 7- 
 
 Saxifraga oppositij'olia, Purple Saxifrage : rocks about 
 Twll du, Glyder, Clogwyn-y-Garnedd, and Clogwyn Ard- 
 dA, 4. 
 
 Saxifraga ccespitosa, Tufted Saxifrage : Twll du, Cwm 
 Idwel,' (i. 
 
 Saxifraga palmuta, Palmate Saxifrage : rocks of Cwm 
 Idwel, 5, (). 
 
 Saxifraga hypnoides, Mossy Saxifrage : on Snowdon 
 near Llyn Ffynnon Las, o, 6. 
 
 Saxifragu ajugifolia, Bugle-leaved Saxifrage : Cwm 
 Idwel, and Cwm-y-Flynnon Las. 
 
 Silenc 'fufans, Nottingham Catchfly: nearGloddaeth, 6,7- 
 
 Sileiie ucaulis, Moss Campion : near the top of Snow- 
 don and Cwm Idwel, 6, J. 
 
 Arenaria renin >, Vernal Sandwort : rocks near Twll 
 du, and Clogwyny Garnedd, also near Llanberris, 6, 7- 
 
 Sedum duxyphyllum, Thick-leaved Sodum : walls of 
 Conway church-yard, (>. 
 
 Seiiinn rapes' re, Rock Sedum: n. side of Penmaen 
 Mawr, rocks near Twll flit called Creigiau Hyssa Bengam, 7. 
 
 Cerastium nlpinam, Alpine Chirkweed : s.e. side of 
 Snowdon Clojiwyn-v-Garnedd, and Clogwyn dur Arddu, 
 6, 7. 
 
 Pyrus Aria, White Beam-tree: on Penmaen Mav/i, 
 nearGloddaeth and Penrhyn, . r >. 
 
 Riibu.s suxatilis, Stone Bramble : about Llyn-y-Cwn, 
 a lake on Glyder Va.vr, and the great Ormeshead, (i. 
 
 Rubns Chamccmorus, Mountain Bramble: on the side?. 
 of the mountains, (i. 
 
 Papaver cambricum, Yellow Poppy : near Aber Bridge, 
 on the back of Snowdon, (>. 
 
 Cistus mar if alius, Hoary Dwarf Cistus: GloddaeJi, s. 
 side of Llandidno rocks, 5, (>. 
 
 Thalictru",
 
 CAERNARVONSHIRE. 
 
 Thafictrum alpinum, Alpine Meadow Rue : near summit 
 of Snow don, Llyn-y-Cwn and Twll du rocks, 6. 
 
 Thalictrum minus, Lesser Meadow Rue : about Cwm 
 Idwel and Snowdon, 6, 7- 
 
 Trollhis europceus, Globe Flower : near tbe cataract 
 Caunant Mawr, rocks in Cwm Idwel, 5, 6. 
 
 Ajuga alpina, Alpine Bugle : on the flat near the 
 summit of Carnedd Llewelin, 1 . 
 
 Scutellaria minor, Lesser Scullcap : swampy meadows 
 about Llanberris and Caernarvon, 8. 
 
 Scrophularia vernulis, Yellow Figwort : Gloddaeth, 4, 5- 
 Orobanche minor, Lesser Broomrape : among the ruins 
 of Conway castle and Diganwy castle, 7 8. 
 
 Subularia aquutica, Awl-wort : Llyn-y-Cwn, Llyn Og- 
 wen, and others, 7- 
 
 Draba incana, Twisted-podded Whitlow-grass : Cwm 
 Idwel, Twll du rocks, and sides of Snowdon, 5, 6. 
 
 Lepiiium petreeum, Mountain Pepperwort : walla at 
 Gloddaeth, 3, 4. 
 
 Arab'is hispida, Alpine Rock Cress: on Clogwyn du r 
 Arddfi and Cjogwyn-y-Garnedd, 6, 7- 
 
 Hypericum Androscemura, Tutsan St. John's Wort : 
 Glangconna woods near Caernarvon, and hedge near the 
 Menai, 7, 8. 
 
 Hieracium alpinum, Single-flowered Hawkweed : Cwna 
 Idwel and Llyn-jvCwm rocks upon the Glyder, J. 
 
 Serratula alpina, Alpine Saw-wort : Cwm Idwel and 
 Crlb-y-Ddescil rocks, 7> 8. 
 
 Carduus heterophyllus, Melancholy Thistle : as you 
 ascend from Llyn-y- las to Crib-y-Ddescil, and from Llan- 
 berris to Glydir, "(, 8. 
 
 Gnaphalium dioicum, Mountain Cudweed : Twll du 
 rocks, Lland'dno rocks, 6, 7- 
 
 Solidago I'irgaurea, Golden Rod : about Llanberris., 
 and Llyn Cwm, J, 9. 
 
 Satyrium albidum, White Satyrium: in Glyn meadow 
 between Cwm-y-dlo and Dolbadarn Castle ; and rocky pas- 
 tures near Llyn Ogwen, 6. 
 
 Malajcis paludosa, Marsh T way-blade : ip a field called 
 Coed-y-Tu Du, near Llanberris, 7. 
 
 o 3 Cares
 
 CAERNARVONSHIRE. 
 
 Carer diolca, Separate headed Carex : in a bog upper 
 Llyn Idwel, 5, 6. 
 
 Littorella larnstris, Plantain Shoreweed : shores of all 
 the alpine lakes, 6. 
 
 Salix herbaeea, Least Willow : near the summit of 
 Carnedd Llewelin ; about Bwlch Glas as you ascend 
 Snowdon, 6. 
 
 Salix reticulata, Wrinkled Willow : in the crevices n. 
 side of Llandidno and Penmaen Mawr, 6. 
 
 Lychnis alphia, Red Alpine Campion : on Clogwyn-y- 
 Garnedd, 6, /. 
 
 Empetrum nigrum, Crakeberry : on all the moors, and 
 a mountain above Aber, 5. 
 
 Rhodiola rosea, Rose Root : rocks of Cwm Idwel and 
 above Llyn Fynnon Las, 5, (i. 
 
 Osmunda Lunuriu, Moonwort : on Penmaen Mawr, "J. 
 
 Osmunda regalis, Flowering Fern: near Pont-Aber- 
 glasllyn and Ystymllyn, 7, 8. 
 
 Lycopodium selaginoides, Prickly Club Moss : rocks in 
 Cwm Idwel and middle regions of Snowdon. 
 
 Lycopodium annothium, Interrupted Club Moss : on 
 Rhiwr Glyder. 
 
 Lycopodium alpinum, A\]}'meC\uhMoss : moors common. 
 
 Poh/podium Phegopteris, Pale Polypody : moist dell at 
 the foot of Snowdon, and Cwm Idwel. 
 
 Polypodium Dryopteris, Three-branched Polypody : 
 Cwm Idwel. 
 
 Asplenium viride, Green Maidenhair Spleenwort : 
 Cwm Idwel and Clogwyn-y-Garnadd. 
 
 Asplenium marinum, Sea Spleenwort : by the well on 
 the Llech at Llandidno. 
 
 Asplenium septentrionale, Forked Spleenwort : on Car- 
 nedd Llewelyn. 
 
 Pteris erispa, Curled or Rock Brakes : slate quarries 
 near Nant Francon : Llyn du r Arddu rocks. 
 
 Cyathea regia, Cup Fern : Cwm Idwel. 
 
 Hymenophyllum Tmibridgente, Tunbridge Filmy-leaf : 
 Cwm Idwel and Snowdon. 
 
 Isoctes lacustris, Quillwort : Llyn Ogwen, Llyn Cwm, 
 and Ffynnon frcch.
 
 CARDIGANSHIRE 
 (SOUTH WALES) 
 
 Is bounded by the sea, part of which is called Cardigan Bay. 
 On the land it is bounded by Merionethshire, Montgome- 
 ryshire, Radnorshire, Brecknockshire, Caermarthenshire, 
 and Pembrokeshire. Its length is nearly 40 miles, its 
 breadth about 20 miles, and circumference 120 miles. The 
 sea has committed great depredations on its coast. Immense 
 quantities of sheep and black cattle are bred in this county, 
 which are brought into the English counties. 
 
 Lampeter, a market town. Ch. monuments, n. of 
 the Ch. is an artificial mound. A short distance from the 
 town is the site of Stephen's Castle. Upon Altgoch HiH 
 a large Druidical circle, the stones are now down ; likewise 
 a British Camp. Near the Dulais river is a Roman Camp. 
 b.e. A fine saimon-leap near Llan Dugwydh. n.d.e. 
 
 Celi.an, 3 m. e. from Lampeter. Stone of memorial 
 upon a tumulus called Llech Cynon or Cynon's Stone. On 
 a mountain to the northward are several other ancient se- 
 pulchres, one called Bedd-y-forwyn or the Maiden's Grave. 
 The mountains in this parish contain a great number of 
 carnedds and single stones of great magnitude : one called 
 Byrfaen, another Hirfaen-gwyddog, also Maen-y-Prenfol 
 and Maen Prenfol gwait gwyn : likewise upon these hills 
 are British entrenchments. Upon a hill opposite Deri Or- 
 mond, the seat of J. Jones, esq. is an ancient entrenchment 
 called Castle Goedtref. b.e. 
 
 Llanddwedi Brefi, 6 m. n.e. from Lampeter. Cu- 
 rious monumental stones in the Ch. -yard, and a relic in the 
 Ch. called Matkorn. Ruins of an ancient mansion called 
 Plas Llanfair-y-clydoge. 
 
 Tregaron, a small market-town. A little to the n.w. 
 of the town is a British Camp called Castle Fleming. In 
 the road towards Lampeter is a mound called Tomen Lla- 
 nio : and at Llanio Issaf are the remains of a Roman city. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Llanio, 7 m. n.e. from Lampeter. In the wall of a 
 
 cottagp
 
 CARDIGANSHIRE. 
 
 cottage near the door is a Roman stone, inscribed 3'ARTI ' 
 M'ENNIVS PRIMVS. In the chimney of a farm-house, 
 one inscribed O VERIONI ; before the threshold of the 
 same house another, with COH. II. A . . .GFPV. b.e. 
 
 Strata Florida or Ystrad Ffli k, 1G m. n.k. from 
 Lampeter. Curious Abbey Gate (circa 1294). b.e. 
 
 Ystrad Meiric, 13 m. s.e. from Aberyst with. Ruins 
 of a Castle, b.e. 
 
 Eglwys Newydd, 14 m. s.e. from Aberystwith. Hafod, 
 the elegant seat and delightful grounds and plantation of 
 T. Johnes, esq. The house contains some valuable pictures. 
 In the grounds are several beautiful cascades; one of them, 
 called Piran Cascade, is very grand. Obelisk in memo- 
 ry of the Duke of Bedford. Walk to Arthur's Stone. In the 
 new walk the botanist will find many curious plants, among 
 them the Equisetum sylvaticunt. See the Ch. Altar-piece and 
 monuments. 3 m. from Hafod, in the midst of very romantic 
 scenery, is the Devil's Bridge; near are the falls of the Mynach 
 and a cave. Walk to the river Rheidol, and see a very fine ca- 
 taract: beyond this is another cataract equally grand. Near 
 the Devil's Bridge is the Hafod Arms, a very good inn. b.e. 
 
 Yspytty Ce'n Fa en, lj m. from the Devil's Bridge. 
 In the Ch.-yard are four stones, a part of a Druidical cir- 
 cle. The footpath through the Ch.-yard conducts to one 
 of the most romantic parts of the valley of the Rheidol, to 
 a curious foot-bridge called the Parson's Bridge, b.e. 
 
 Llanfihangel-Genaur-Glyn,4 m. n.e. from Aberist- 
 with. Castle Gwalter or Walter's Castle. On Pen Sarn 
 ddu Hill is a cromlech. In the Ch.-yard of Llanwnws, the 
 adjoining parish, is a curious stone of memorial, supposed 
 to commemorate a chief of the name of Caradoc. b.e. 
 
 Aberystwith, a market town and sea bathing-place. 
 Public Walks. Ruins of the Castle. 1 m. s.e. Llanbadarn 
 Fawr; Ch. Monuments, and two ancient stone Grosses with 
 rude carvings. Cpon a hill in a marsh the site of a Bri- 
 tish Camp, called Plas Crug. b.e. View from Mr. Price's 
 house, c.t, 
 
 Llaxekth, 12 m. n.w. from Lampeter, near Llanino. 
 In the s. part of the parish is a large entrenchment called 
 Castle Moeddyn; and another on Penfoel farm, called Pen- 
 y-gaer. b.c. 
 
 Lean ms: l-io
 
 CARDIGANSHIRE. 
 
 Llandymlio Gogo, 18 m. n.w. by w. from Lampeter, 
 near the sea coast. On a farm called Cilieu is a very cu- 
 rious inclosure called Garn Wen, with stone ramparts. 
 Above Llan Daffydd is a circular fortress called Castle 
 Llwyn Datfydd, with double entrenchments; and near it 
 another with single entrenchments. In this parish is Cwm 
 Cynnon, a seat of Llewelyn Parry, esq. b.e. 
 
 Llangiianog, not far from Llandysilio Gogo. This vil- 
 lage is visited as a sea bathing-place. The rock above has 
 y the appearance of a large chair, it is called Yr Eisteddfa or 
 The Seat. On the summit of another rock is a large tumu- 
 lus. B.E. 
 
 Penbryx, 9 m. e.n.e. from Cardigan. Castle Nadolig, 
 a large British Camp with treble foss; near is a large tu- 
 mulus. About i a m. from this is another Camp of equal 
 strength, called Castle Pwntan. This parish contains se- 
 veral cairns : one near the Ch.-vard had an inscribed stone 
 CORBALENC1IACIT. probably now to be seen. cb. The 
 shore on this coast is reckoned the finest for bathing, c.b. 
 
 Blaen Porth, 5 m. e. by x. from Cardigan. An old 
 Camp called Gaer : on a hill adjoining are the remains of a 
 fortress of great strength ; also Caer Sonydd, a camp r 
 likewise a very strong one on the sea coast called Castle 
 Tydur or Tudor's Castle, b.e. 
 
 Llaxgoidmoke, l|m. e. from Cardigan. Near Trefor-. 
 gan farm, by the side of a cataract, is St. Cynllos cave. A 
 tumulus called Crugmawr. Remains of Druid circle, b.e. 
 
 Cardigan-, the county town. Fine ruins of the Castle. 
 Town-hall, and Bridge. A strong Camp called Hen Gastell . 
 Meinu Kyvirol or the Numerary Stones, near Newodh, a 
 Druids circle, most of them down. In this neighbourhood 
 is Lhech y gowres, the remains of a cromlech, n.d.e. Visit 
 Kilgarron Castle, on the Pembrokeshire side of the river. 
 A little further, nearLlechryd bridge, are huge tin-works. 
 Midway between Cardigan and Aberayron is a very large 
 round Camp with double foss. 1 m. s. ruins of Dcgmaela 
 Priory, c.t. 
 
 Bangor, 8 m. e. from Newcastle Emlyn. i m. distant 
 from the Ch. is a tumulus called Castle Pistog. Lower 
 down the vale, near Henllan Ch. are some of the finest 
 cascades ou the Teivi, called Henllan Falls. Henllan is4m. 
 
 e. fronA
 
 CARDIGANSHIRE. 
 
 r. from Newcastle Einlyn. Not far from Llwyn Dyris, the 
 seat of Thos. Griffith, esq. are a tumulus and a circular Bri- 
 tish camp called the Gaer. b.e. 
 
 Llandyssil, 10 m. w. from Lampeter. The stile into 
 the Ch.-vard is part of a monumental stone with an in- 
 scription VELVOR . . HLIM . . . BRCHO. On a hill at a 
 short distance from the Ch. are the remains of an old cas- 
 tle, called Caste! Coed-fon. At CiUy-graig is an artificial 
 mound of earth called Castle Aber-cinon. There are seve- 
 ral cairns in this parish, b.e. The scenery on the shores of 
 the Teivi below Llandyssil is remarkably beautiful, b.e. 
 
 Llanwenog, 65 m. w. from Lampeter. Llanvaughan, 
 the seat of Admiral Thomas : in the kitchen-garden is a cu- 
 rious inscribed stone of memorial. On a farm called Ty- 
 cam is a square entrenchment in a field called Caer Faes. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 Ystrad, 6 m. n.w. from Lampeter. A Camp called 
 Cribyn Clottas. In a field called Maes Mynach is a stone 
 of memorial ornamented with Runic knots, b.e. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Silver, lead, quartz, spar : Darren-fawr mine, and Llan- 
 fair near the river Teivi. 
 
 Copper : in Ynys CynveKn mine. 
 
 Lead, quartz, black Jack or zinc ore : Cwm Ystwyth, 
 Llewernog, and Nant-y-Crier. 
 
 babe plants. 
 
 Avenafatua, Wild Oats : at Hafod, 8. 
 
 Elymus urcnarius, Upright Sea Lime-grass : salt marsh 
 5 m. n. from Aberystwith, 1 . 
 
 Rubiaperegrina, Wild Madder: near the Devil's Bridge, 
 
 6,7- 
 
 Puhnonuria maritima, Sea Lungwort : about Aberyst- 
 with, 7- 
 
 Scandlx odorata, Great Chervil : behind a farm-house, 
 about a mile w. from Hafod, 5. 
 
 Scilla vcrna, Vernal Squill : about Aberystwith, 4. 
 
 Juncus Fosterii, Narrow-leaved Hairy Rush : in a wood 
 opposite the s. front of Hafod Mouse, 5. 
 
 Silene Otitcs, Spanish Catchfly : banks of the Rhydtlol 
 near Aberystwith, 1, 8. 
 
 Euphorbia
 
 CARDIGANSHIRE. 
 
 Euphorbia Peplis, Purple Spurge : near Aberystwith on. 
 the shore, 7> 8. 
 
 Spiraea salicifolia, Willow-leaved Spiraea : in a wood at 
 Hafod, near a gate in the e. approach to the house, / 
 
 Orobns sylvaticus, Wood Orobus : at Hafod, 5, 6. 
 
 Hypericum dubium, Imperforated St. John's Wort : at 
 Hafod, 7, 8. 
 
 Gnaphalium dioicum, Mountain Cudweed : on Plinlim- 
 inon, 6, 7- 
 
 Satyrium albidum, White Satyrium: on the grassy hills 
 which surround Hafod, 6, 
 
 Aspidium Oreopteiis, Heath Polypody : at Hafod,
 
 DENBIGHSHIRE 
 
 (NORTH WALES) 
 
 On the N. touches the Irish Sea, and is otherwise bordered 
 by Flintshire, Cheshire, Shropshire, Montgomeryshire, 
 Merionethshire, and Caernarvonshire. Its length is about 
 48 miles ; its breadth various : the circumference is 145 
 miles, and it contains 731 square miles. The rugged and 
 mountainous character of Wales is conspicuously apparent 
 in this county, though much softened by a considerable 
 mixture of fertility and beauty. The varied charms of this 
 county about Wrexham, Wynnstay, Chirk Castle, and Erd- 
 dig, have been much admired. At Llangollen the scenes 
 are romantic andsublime on approaching the lofty Berwyn 
 Mountains. On the western side the county becomes 
 more uniformly alpine, with frequent small lakes and nar- 
 row vales interspersed among naked mountains. The 
 northern parts towards the sea are more level. The pro- 
 ducts of the county are generally corn, cheese, and cattle. 
 
 Wrexham. Magnificent Ch. and fine carved tower, 
 with a beautiful altar-piece, supposed by Rubens. Monu- 
 ments, particularly two, for Mrs. Mary Myddleton and the 
 Rev. T. Myddleton. 2 m. from Wrexham are Bersham 
 iron-works, extremely well worth notice, p. 
 
 Marchwiel, 3 m. s.e. from Wrexham. Ch. monu- 
 ments and stained glass window by Egginton. Erddig, 
 the seat of J. Yorke, Esq. has some fine paintings, and 
 grounds laid out with taste, b.e. 
 
 Ruabon, 4 m. s.s.w. from Wrexham. Elegant monu- 
 ments in the Ch., particularly one for Sir W r . W. Wyna, 
 by Rysbrac. Near is Wynnstay, the seat of Sir W. W. 
 Wynn, M'ith fine paintings and plantations ; in the latter are 
 an artificial cascade, baths, obelisk, and a beautiful spot 
 called Nant-y-Bele. See the circular tower. In this pa- 
 rish is a strong British post called Caer-ddin or Garthen, 
 situate upon a lofty hill about two hundred yards from Of- 
 fa's Dyke. Not far from Ruabon is Mr. Rowland's iron- 
 foundry, p. In the vicinity many other extensive works. 
 
 vol. it. r About
 
 DENBIGHSHIRE. 
 
 About 4 m. from Llangollen at the turnpike inquire the 
 way to the famous aqueduct called Pont-y-Cyssylte. c.t. 
 
 Chirk, 5 m. n. from Oswestry in Shropshire. Ch. 
 monuments. Fine castellated mansion belonging to the 
 Myddleton family, has a choice collection of paintings : the 
 situation of this seat has an extent of view into seventeen 
 counties. A short distance out of the Llangollen and 
 Ruahon road is the grand aqueduct called Pont-y-Cyssylte. 
 Paper manufactory, and scenery near Newbridge, b.e. 
 Extensive prospect from Llanymynach Hill. c.t. 
 
 Llangollen, 22 m. s.s.k. from Denbigh. View from 
 the Ch.-yard. Bridge, one of the wonders of Wale3. Pillar 
 of Eliseg in Llwyn-y-Groes, two fields n.w. from the abbey. 
 Opposite Llangollen are ruins of Dinas Bran Castle, on 
 a rocky hiil near the beautiful Vale Crucis. Glisseg Rocks 
 in the hamlet of Eglwyseg. Plas Newydd Cottage. Sy- 
 chaint, formerly a seat of Hampden. The grand aqueduct 
 Pont-y-Cyssylte is not far from Llangollen, p. 
 
 Corwen (Merioneth). tn the Ch.-yard a cross called 
 the Sword of Glyndwr. Between Corwen and Cerrig-v- 
 Druidion is Pont Llyn DynVs, with a cataract; the scene is 
 grand and picturesque. The rocks .about Corwen abound 
 with Chamcemonis (or Cloud Berries). Near Corwen is a 
 British post called Caer Drewyn. Between Corwen and 
 Bala, 4 miles out of the road, is Pont-y-Glyn. v. 
 
 CAPELVoELAS.Or FOELAS, Of MARC H AlED, 1 ji W.X.W. 
 
 from Corwen. Here is a great Column with an inscrip- 
 tion to Llywellyn ab Sitsylt; also a large Mount, b.e. 
 
 Llanrwst. Roof, monuments and brasses in the Cha- 
 pel near the Ch. Elegant Bridge. Harp Manufactory. 
 Many make Llanwrst head-quarters for visiting the Glyder 
 Mountain, the summit of which is better worth seeing than 
 any in Wales. 1 1 m. from Llanrwst, by Capel Kerig. j>. 
 Between Llanrwst and Caer Hen, in the road to Conway, 
 near Pont Dolgarog, about 4 m. s. by w. from Llanwrst. 
 is Rhaiadr Mawr, one of the finest cascades in North 
 Wales. 2 m. s. from Llanrwst is a beautiful iron bridge, 
 near Bcttwys-y-coad, over the river Conway, 105 feet in 
 the span, the main rib is composed of letter;, which in- 
 form the tourist " This arch was constructed in the same 
 year the battle of Waterloo was fought." The Rose, This- 
 tle, Shamrock and Leek, upon the spandrills are admirably 
 executed. 5 iu.
 
 DENBIGHSHIRE. 
 
 5 m. from Llanrwst is the grand waterfall of the river Mach- 
 no, on the road to Penmachno. 
 
 Llansannon, 8 m. w. from Denbigh. In a hill in this 
 parish are several small caves or seats, called Arthur's 
 Round Table, b.e. 
 
 Abergelley, a fashionable sea bathing-place for this 
 part of Wales. Upon the hillofCoppa yr Wylfais a strong 
 British post. See also Cefn Ogo, and the cavern called 
 Yr Ogo. b.e. The Vale of Clwyd is beautifid, 28 m. long 
 and 14 broad, on the road between Llangollen and Denbigh. 
 
 Denbigh. Ruins of the Castle, from which is a fine 
 prospect. Ruins of a Ch. (circa 1289). Ferme Ornce, the 
 seat of Mrs. Lloyd : near is the handsome bridge of Pont- 
 riffith. At Llan St. Sior is a holy well ; and on Pen-y-parc 
 are vestiges of a camp with triple foss and vallum. 2 m. 
 from Denbigh is Gwaenynog, the seat of J. Middleton, 
 esq. with romantic walks, p. 
 
 Nantglyn, 4 m. s.w. from Denbigh. Near where the 
 river Aled issues is a fine cataract ; a little further down, 
 the river falls into a horrible black-looking cavern, b.e. 
 
 Llan Rhaiadak, 2$ m. s.s.e. from Denbigh. Monu- 
 ments and stained glass in the Ch. n.w. of the Ch. at the 
 foot of Gwladus's Chair is a fountain called Ffynnon St. 
 Dyfnog. p. 
 
 Ruthin. Ruins of the Castle. Near are Pool Park 
 and Bachymbyd, seats of Lord Bagot. Visit Bwlch Pen- 
 y-Barras for a fine view of the Vale of Clwyd. p. 
 
 Llanakmon, 5 m. e. from Ruthin. In the vicinity are 
 a number of barrows or tumuli. Upon a large mount by 
 the river is a square fort, called Tommen-y-Vurdra, and 
 near it a large cavern. UponMoel Fenli or Benlli Hill is a 
 strong British post or camp. In this vicinity is the cele- 
 brated opening through the Clwydian hills called Bwlch 
 Agricola or the Pass of Agricola. b.e. 
 
 Llandegla, 7 m. s.e. from Ruthin. St. Teclas Well, a 
 mineral water. 2 m. from this is Tommen-y-Rhodwydd, 
 having a vast mount, once a fortress, r. 
 
 Gresford, 5 m. n.e. from YVre.\ham. Ch. monuments, 
 curious font, Gresford Lodge and bridge. The Rofts has a 
 British post or camp with a triple foss and vallum. Upper 
 
 Uwersilt Hall, the scat of Atherston, eaq., has beautiful 
 
 p 2 romantio
 
 DENBIGHSHIRE. 
 
 romantic walks and views. The views about Gresford are 
 uncommonly elegant, p. 
 
 Holt, 6 m. e.n.e. from Wrexham. Site of the Castle, 
 and curious old bridge, p. 
 
 Debwen, 6 m. s.w. from Rhythyn. In the Ch.-yard a 
 curious carved Cross, c.b. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Lead ore, limestone : between Mold and Llandegla. 
 
 Iron ore : Ruabon Hills and Bromba near Wrexham. 
 
 Sulphur, iron pyrites : near Pont Cyssilte. 
 
 Coal : between Ruabon and Wrexham. 
 
 Slate : near Llangynnog, Cader Ferwyn and Syllatin. 
 
 Chalk :- near Llangollen. 
 
 Freestone : in various parts. 
 
 Red and white marble : quarries at Coed Marchan near 
 Ruthin. 
 
 Green Malachite or Byssus-like carbonate of copper, 
 (B. M. 47) : at Llandidno. 
 
 Crystallized carbonate of lime, (B. M. 418) : at Llan- 
 didno. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Iris fcetidissima, Stinking Iris : at Hellan near the 
 farm-house of Pen uchar Green, 6. 
 
 Milium lendigerum, Panick Millet Grass : at Llany- 
 fydd in pastures e. of Merllin farm-house, 8. 
 
 Melica nutans, Mountain Melic Grass : Garn Dingle, 
 6,7. 
 
 Elymus europceus, Wood Lime Grass : Garn Dingle, 
 under Garregwen rocks, 6. 
 
 Centunculus minimus, Bastard Pimpernel : in a piece of 
 moist ground 1 in. from Llanwrst towards Conway, 3 or 
 4 yards from the turnpike road, 6, / 
 
 Campanula latifoiia, Giant Bellflower : Llangollen and 
 Eglwyseg, 8. 
 
 Campanula hederaeea, Ivy-leaved Bellflower : near 
 Llanrwst and the cataract Rhaiadr-\>Wennol 5 m. from 
 Llanrwst, G, 8. 
 
 Gentiuna campestris, Field Gentian : in the coppice be- 
 tween Garn and Denbigh, and mountainous pastures, 9. 
 
 raccininm uliginosum, Great Bilberry : Gwydir wood*, 
 near Llanrwst, 4, 5, 
 
 Vacc'mbnn
 
 DENBIGHSHIRE. 
 
 Vaec'irdum Oxyeoccos, Cranberry : bogs common, 6. 
 
 Andromeda polifolia, Marsh Andromeda : in Gofs-y. 
 Casseg 1 m. n.e. of Llyn Aled, and near Llyn Aled, 6. 
 
 Sedum rupestre, Rock Stone-crop : on a wall s. of Gwy- 
 dir Chapel near Llanrvvst, 7- 
 
 Spergula subulata, Ciliated awl-shaped Spurrey: in 
 dry pastures between Llanfannan and Denbigh, 7> 8. 
 
 Prunus Padiis, Bird Cherry : about Chirk, 5. 
 
 Pyrus Aria, White Beam-Tree : a variety on Castell 
 Dinas Bran, 5. 
 
 Rubzis saxatilis, Stone Bramble : -Garreg wen rocks 
 near Garn, 6. 
 
 Papaver cambricum, Yellow Poppy : near Pont Mere- 
 dith, 6. 
 
 Trollius europcmis, Globe Flower : frequent in the 
 county, 5, 6. 
 
 Teucrium Chamcedrys, Wall Germander : n.w. hedge of 
 the bowling-green at Ruthin, 7- 
 
 Mentha gentilis, Bushy Red Mint : pools and brooks 
 between Mold and Llanrwst, 8. 
 
 Galeopsis versicolor, Large-flowered Hemp Nettle : 
 cornfields about Chirk and in the road to Llangollen, 7> $ 
 
 Lathraa Squamaria,Tooth\vort : w. side ofGarreg-wen 
 rocks near Garn, 4. 
 
 Antirrhinum Cymbalaria, Ivy-leaved Snapdragon : 
 Brynkynallt, on walls, 6. 
 
 Subularia aquatica, Awlwort : Llyn Aled, "(. 
 
 Lepidium latifolhtm, Broad-leaved Pepperwort : in Den- 
 bigh Castle near the gateway, 7- 
 
 Thlaspi alpestre, Alpine Shepherd's Purse : Nant Bwlch 
 yr Hiam Dingle 1 m. from Llanrwst bridge, 6, 7. 
 
 Iberis nudicaulis, Naked-stalked Candytuft : roadside 
 between Corvven and Llangollen, 5. 
 
 Erysimum chcirauthoidcs, Treacle Hedge Mustard : at 
 Llanyfydd near Tan-y-Llan 5 m. x.w. from Denbigh, 7- 
 
 Turritis hlrsuta, Hairy Tower Mustard : on Garreg-wen 
 rocks near Garn, 5. 
 
 Orobus sylvaticus, Wood Pea : about Voelas and Cerig 
 y Druidion, 5, 6. 
 
 Vicia sylvatica, Wood Vetch : on the s.w. side of Gar- 
 reg-wen rocks near a wall, 7, 8. 
 
 r 3 Trifolium
 
 DENBIGHSHIRE. 
 
 Trifolium scabrum, Rough Trefoil : hill of Denbigh 
 Castle, 5, 6. 
 
 Trifolium glomeratum, Round-headed Trefoil : rocks 
 about Gam, 6. 
 
 Hypericum Androseemum, Tutsan St. John's Wort : 
 Merllyn Dingle near Gam, /, 8. 
 
 Giiaphalium rectum, Upright Wood Cudweed : Windy 
 Bank Hill near Denbigh, 8. 
 
 Centaurea solst'ttiaUs, St. Barnaby's Thistle: field by 
 the Green House at Gain, 7, 8. 
 
 Carex strigosa, Loose pendulous Carex ; in Gam Din- 
 gle at the bottom of the glade, 4, 5. 
 
 Littorellu lacmtris, Plantain Shoreweed : shores of all 
 the lakes, (5. 
 
 Equisetum sylvatiaim, Branched Wood Horsetail : 
 road-side in the township of Llui. 
 
 Osmuuda Luiuiria, Moonwort : old pastures w. of Chirk 
 Castle, 7- 
 
 Osmundu regalis, Flowering Fern : at Hellan in a boggy 
 tottom between VVaendwyssog and Rhydgaled, 7 8. 
 
 Pteris crispa, Rock Brakes : about Cerig-y-Druidion. 
 
 Aspleruum septcntrionale, Forked Spleenwort : on old 
 j snks of Llan Dethvlae, 1 m. from Llanrwst.
 
 FLINTSHIRE 
 
 (NORTH WALES). 
 
 This small county is bounded by the Irish Sea, by the ea* 
 tuary of the Dee, Cheshire, and Denbighshire : a part of 
 this county (some miles distant) is quite separated by the 
 interposition of Denbighshire. Tne main portion of the 
 county is about 28 in. long and about 8 m. broad ; and 1 15 
 m. in circumference, including the detached parts. The 
 hills are barren on the surface but rich within, in mines of 
 lead and calamine, with vast strata of limestone. The s. 
 part is agreeably varied vith hill and dale, affording the 
 view of several ruined Castles. The importance of this 
 county is derived from its mineral productions. 
 
 Harwarden, 7 m. w. from Chester. Remains of a 
 Castle. Harwarden Park, the seat of Sir R. Glynn, bart. con- 
 tains numerous paintings. Near are Truman's Hill and other 
 fortified heights. About m. out of the Chester road, be- 
 tween the 8th and 9th milestone, are ruins of Eulo Castle, p. 
 
 Flint. Ruins of the Castle. 
 
 Holywell. St. Winifred's Well and Chapel; upon 
 the stones in the well are found the Jungermannia aspleni- 
 oidcs, Byssus Jolithus, and Conferva gelutinosa. See the 
 copper-smelting-house, copper-smithy, brass-house, and 
 foundry; wire and cotton manufactories : also the subterra- 
 neous passage at Holywell Level Mines. 3^ m. s. on Halkin 
 Mountain is a British post called Moel-y-Crito. Opposite 
 are the vast entrenchments called Bryn-y-Clod-diau. p. 
 
 Basingwerk, 1 m. e. from Holywell. Rem. of Castle. 
 Ruins of the Abb. (1 159), and Knights Templars House, p. 
 
 Whiteford, 4 m. n.e. from Holywell. Mostyn Hall, 
 the seat of Sir F. Mostyn, contains a large collection of 
 pictures, antique statues, busts, bronzes, &c. Upon Mos- 
 tyn Mountain i3 a sculptured stone, called Maen Achwyn- 
 fan. On the hill called Garreg is a circular tower, supposed 
 n Roman pharos. Downing, the seat of D. Pennant, esq. 
 has some valuable pictures, and beautiful grounds in which 
 i- the Fairy Oak of large dimensions. Near the shore the 
 < lifts have in places the appearance of lava. v. 
 
 Nlwmabket, ''>], m, n. of St Asaph. In the Ch.-yard 
 
 a hand-
 
 FLINTSHIRE. 
 
 a handsome old Cross. On the top of Coperlini Mountain 
 is hii enormous carnedd or tumulus. Between this and 
 Caerwys arc a great number of tumuli, p. 
 
 Disep.th, 6 m. n. from St. Asaph. Site of a Castle. In 
 the Ch.-yard is a very curious ornamented column called 
 Cross Einion. s. of the Castle is a ruinous building called 
 Siamber Wen. See also Moel Hiraddug, a British post. p. 
 
 Khuoolan, 5 m. n.w. from St. Asaph. lluins of the 
 Castle, s. of the Castle a Mount with a foss. p. 
 
 St. Asaph. Cathed. monuments, painted glass. 1 m. 
 from St. Asaph at Overton is an extensive prospect. The 
 Ch.-yard contains some very ancient yew-trees. See Pont 
 Goch, Lady well and Chapel. The glens here are extremely 
 picturesque, the best view of them is from Pencraig. p. 
 
 Bodfary, 5 m. n.e. from Denbigh. Bachegraig House, 
 late the property of Mrs. Piozzi, is a very singular building 
 with painted glass in the windows, p. 
 
 Cakiuvvs, 4 1 - from Holywell. At this place is held, on 
 the 29th of May, the Eisteddfod or Music meeting, as a 
 trial of skill for the harpers, &c. A stone of memorial 
 with part of an inscription, and many tumuli are in the 
 neighbourhood of Caerwys. p. 
 
 Nokthokp, llgm. from Chester.- Ch. monuments. 
 Near is Moel-y-Gaer a strong British post. p. 
 
 Mold. Ch. monuments. Mount called Bailey Hill, 
 from which is a hue view. Leeswood, the seat of Sir G. 
 Wynne, has handsome grounds. Rhual, the seat of T. Grif- 
 fith, esq. has a choice collection of paintings. Near is a py- 
 ramidal stone column, erected in memory of a battle fought 
 here A.D. 420 or 448. 4m. w.n.w. from Mold, at Kilken, 
 the Ch. has a handsome carved roof. In the vicinity of Kil- 
 ken are several lead-mines. Upon Moel y Famma is a 
 column in memory of the jubilee year of lung George III. 
 Upon Moel Arthur is a British Camp. Near Penbedu Hall 
 pre a tumulus and remains of a Druidical circle, b.e. 
 
 Trkiudvm, (i m. s. from Mold. Near is a vast stone of 
 memorial upon a tumulus; it is called Carreg y Llech. p. 
 
 Caergwkle, 4 in. n.w. from Wrexham. ltuins of the 
 Castle. Opposite is the British post Caer Estyn: near the 
 top of the mountain a number of entrochi are found, p. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 JJreccia, limestone ; Caergwrle. 
 
 Chert.
 
 FLINTSHIRE. 
 
 Chert, cubic lead ore, calamine or ore of zinc, blende or 
 black jack : near Holywell and Whiteford. ^ 
 
 Coal : near Mostyn at Whiteford. 
 
 Lead ore : at Pont y Pwll-dwr on Halkin mountain and 
 near Kilken. 
 
 Native lead (B. M. 478) : Golch Rake near Holywell. 
 
 Shivery shale, freestone : near Rhos Esmor. 
 
 Double reflecting spar : near Holywell. 
 
 Petroleum : at Mostyn and Bichton . 
 
 Sulphate of zinc (B. M. 349) : Holywell. 
 
 TOSSILS. 
 
 Entrochi, astroites: limestone rocks near Caergwrle. 
 Impressions of leaves: in the collieries of Leeswood 
 near Mold. 
 
 # RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Veronica spicata, Spiked Speedwell: Diserth Castle 
 Hill and near Prestayn lead-mines, 8. 
 
 Milium lendigerum, Panic Millet Grass : - about Trelle- 
 welin Farm at Rhyddlan, 8. 
 
 Triticumloliaceum, Sea Wheat Grass : sea coast between 
 Rhyl and Prestatyn, 6, 7- 
 
 Potamogeton gramineum, Grassy Pondweed : ditches 
 about Rhyd marsh, 7- 
 
 Anchum sempervlvens, Evergreen Alkanet : ruins of 
 Basingwerk abbey near Holywell, 5, 6. 
 
 Primula farinosa, Birds-eye Primrose : marshes near 
 the mouth of the river Dee, (i, 7- 
 
 Campanula latifolia, Giant Bell-flower : at Whiteford, 
 and between Holywell and Chester, 8. 
 
 Chironia pulchella, Dwarf Centaury: sea coast rwear 
 Prestatyn, 8, 9. 
 
 Gentiana campestris, Field Gentian : 3 m. from Holy- 
 well in the road to Rhyddlan, 9. 
 
 Ornithogalum umbellatum, Common Star of Bethlehem : 
 meadows adjoining Basingwerk Abbey, 5. 
 
 Colchicum autumnale, Meadow Saffron : under a beech- 
 tree between Leeswood House and the river, 9. 
 
 Chrysosplenium alternifolium, Alternate-leaved Goldcu 
 Saxifrage : near Mold frequent, 5. 
 
 Saxifraga stelkris, Hairy Saxifrage : about most moun- 
 tainous rills, 6, 7- 
 
 Silenc
 
 FLINTSHIRE. 
 
 Silune nutans, Nottingham Catchfly : Dalea Goch rocks 
 above the mine works, o", 7- 
 
 Arenaria verna, Vernal Sandwort : hilly parts of Whvte- 
 fonl parish, 6, 8. 
 
 Primus Padus, Bird Cherry: woods and hedges about 
 Mold, 5. 
 
 Papavcr hybridum, Mongrel Poppy: cornfields near 
 the store-house upon Rhyl marsh, 7- 
 
 Cist us marifolius, Hoary Dwarf Cistus : on Diserth Cas- 
 tle Hill and rocks at Prestatyn, 5, 6". 
 
 TAalietrum minus, Lesser Meadow Rue: on Diserth 
 Castle Hill, 6, 7- 
 
 Ranunculus Lingua,GresX Spearwort : great pool at Up- 
 per Leeswood near Mold, 7- 
 
 Leonnrus Cardiaca, Motherwort : road hedge 2,\ m. 
 from Harwarden towards Holywell, 7, 8. 
 
 Antirrhinum Cymbalaria, Ivy-leaved Snapdragon: 
 Leeswood walls near Mold, 6. 
 
 Lknosella aquatica, Mudwort: Rhyd marsh near Pres- 
 tatyn, 8. 
 
 Lepidium latifolium, Broad-leaved Pepperwort : hedge 
 banks near the store-house betw. Rhyddlan and the sea, 7- 
 
 Cheiraathus sinuatus, Sea Stock : sea beach near Pres- 
 tatyn, 8. 
 
 Erodium marithnum, Sea Storksbill : Flint castle, 5, 9. 
 
 Geranium P/iceum, Dusky Cranesbill : wood above Mr. 
 Pennant's garden near Holywell, 5, 6. 
 
 Vicia sylvatica, Wood Vetch : wood below Pont yr Allt 
 Goch near St. Asaph, 7, 8. 
 
 Vicia bithyniva, Rough-podded Vetch: road side about 
 2 m. from St. Asaph on the way to Chester, 7, 8. 
 
 Tragopogon porrijolius, Purple Goatsbeard : moist 
 marshes at VVhiteford, 5, (>. 
 
 Satyrium vifUle, Frog Satyrium : meadows between 
 Fron and upper wood a'> Mold, (i, J. 
 
 Ssrapias pulustris, Marsh Hetleborine : bog s.f.. corner 
 of Mr. Lloyd's garden at Wygfair St. Asaph, 7, 8. 
 
 Littoralla lucustris, Plantain Shorewecd : shore of all 
 the alpine iakes, (i. 
 
 Empctrum nigrum, Crowberry : on the driest part of 
 the mountain called Gwenwto, 5.
 
 GLAMORGANSHIRE 
 
 (SOUTH WALES). 
 
 Tmscounty joins Caermarthenshire, Brecknoekshire, Mon- 
 mouthshire, and the Bristol Channel, is about 48 miles 
 long, about 26 broad, and 125 miles in circumference. 
 The n. part is very mountainous, barren, and thinly inha- 
 bited, serving generally for the feeding of cattle. Varic ,* 
 rivers rise in it, which ran s. through vales gradually ex- 
 panding so as to form a middle district fit for cultivation, 
 at length terminating in the great level or Vale of Glamor- 
 ganshire. The county is well furnished with mineral trea- 
 sures of coal, lead, &c. 
 
 Cardiff, a market town. West-door of the Ch. Ruins 
 of the Gray Friary. Castle, seat of the Marquis of Bute, 
 the keep, and paintings in the Castle *. b.e. Roman Camp 
 between Weno and Cardiff. 
 
 Landaff, 2 m. w. from Cardiff. Ruins of the Cathe- 
 dral (1120), particularly the w. end, also the monuments. 
 Ruins of the palace. Bridge and tin-works of Merlin Gruf- 
 fydd. St. Fagan's Castle. 3 m. n. is Castle Coch or Red 
 Castle, b.e. 
 
 Caekau, 3 m. w. from Cardiff. A little s. from the road 
 to Covvbridge is a large Camp. 3 m. \v. from Caerau, near 
 St. Nicholas, in a field culled Caer Gaer, is a small encamp- 
 ment commanding a delightful view. b.e. 
 
 Caerphilly, 8m. n. by w. from Cardiff. Noble remains 
 of a Castle, with a leaning tower. A few miles w. is the 
 ^ont-y-Prydd or New Bridge, one of the greatest curiosi- 
 ties of the kind in this or any other kingdom, the span of the 
 arch being 140 feet, which is greater than any stone arch 
 in England : near are two cascades, one above the other, 
 below the bridge, the latter is the finest. m. from the 
 bridge is the Duke of Bridge water's Arms, a good inn. b.e. 
 On a mountain not far from Caerphilly, is a sculptured 
 stone of memorial called Y-Maen Hir. n.d.e. 
 
 * In this Castle, Robert, the son of Will, the Conqueror, 
 was confined 2b years, 
 
 Merthyb
 
 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 
 
 Merthtr Tydvil, 25 m. n.n.w. from Cardiff. Very 
 extensive iron-works, at one of which is the largest water- 
 wheel of iron known, being 52 feet in diameter. 3 m. n.k. 
 ruins of Morlais Castle, b.e. 
 
 LLANTBrssENT, Sk m. s.w. from Caerphilly, a market 
 town. Fine prospect from the ruins of the Castle. This 
 town occupies one of the finest situations in South Wales. 
 
 St. Nicholas, 6 m. w. from Cardiff. Near Dyffryn 
 K*iuse, in a field on the right of the road leading towards 
 the house, is a very large cromlech particularly worthy of 
 notice. Below Dyffryn House is a small cromlech called 
 Llech-y-filast. b.e. 
 
 Barry Island, 10 m. s.w. by s. from Cardiff. Upon 
 this island is a boarding-house for sea-bathers. Upon a rock 
 near the entrance is a small cavity, to which if the ear is 
 applied a noise is heard like that of smiths at work. Upon 
 the rocks of this island the Adianthum Capillus Veneris, or 
 True Maidenhair, is said to grow. On the main land oppo- 
 *site the w. extremity of the island are the remains of Bar- 
 ry Castle. A few miles n.w. are the ruins of Penmarke 
 Castle. m. w. is Fonmon Castle, with fine paintings, b.e. 
 and near is a watch-tower, e. 
 
 Cowbridge, a market town. Half a mile distant are 
 the ruins of Llanbleidan Castle. In Mr. Turberville's Park 
 is a small Camp. Two miles from Cowbridge, near Golden 
 Mile Common, are a small Camp and tumulus. 3 m. n. at 
 Ystrad Owen is a large tumulus near the Ch.-yardj not far 
 from this are the remains of Talavan Castle, b.e. 2 m. 
 s.w. from Cowbridge are the ruins of Llanblythjan Castle. 
 
 Lantwit Major, 4 m. s. from Cowbridge. In the Ch. 
 and Ch.-yard are some curious ancient monumental stones, 
 particularly one on the outside of the porch, b.e. 
 
 St. Donats, 7 m. s.w. by*, from Cowbridge. The fine 
 remains of the Castle ; in the park a picturesque quadran- 
 gular tower, a m. from the castle is a large cavern. Ch. 
 monuments. Near are some remains of Marcross Castle, 
 also a Cromlech called the Old Ch. A few miles from Mar- 
 cross is Dunraven, a seat of T. YVyndham, esq. with fine 
 scenery: near is a British Camp. Or. the coast arc several 
 curious caverns, b.e. 
 
 Ewt.NNV, 6 in. w. by n. from Cowbridge. Ch. monu- 
 ments
 
 GLAMORGANSHIRE 
 
 meats and curious pavement. Near are the ruins of Og- 
 more Castle, b.e. 
 
 Bridge End, a market town. A few remains of New- 
 castle fortress. 1 m. n.e. are grand ruins of Coity Castle. 
 Upon a hill above Newhouse is a British Camp in excel- 
 lent preservation, b.e. 
 
 Newton Notes, 12 m. w. by n. from Cowbridge. 
 This is a sea bathing-place. Near the shore is a very sin- 
 gular ebbing and flowing well. b.e. A number of handsome 
 sea shells upon the coast, among them Turbo Clathrus or 
 English Wentletrap. 
 
 Margam, 9 m. w.n.w. from Bridge End. Ruins of the 
 Abbey (114/), particularly the Chapter House. Ch. monu- 
 ments, b.e. On the summit of a hill a sculptured stone of 
 memorial, e. In the village a curious stone Cross. Mr. 
 Mansel's pleasure grounds and orangery, also antiquities 
 in the green-house. At Tae-bach are some large copper- 
 works. Between Margam and Kynfeg is a stone of memo- 
 rial, inscribed 
 
 PVNP EIVS 
 C ARAN TOPI VS 
 It is called Bedh Morgan, b.e. 
 
 Briton Ferry, 2j m. s. from Neath. Nothing can ex- 
 ceed the scenery rouud this village. Visit Lady Vernon's 
 pleasure-grounds, b.e. 
 
 Neath, a market town. Remains of the Castle. 1 m. 
 from the town are the grand ruins of the Abbey (temp. 
 Hen. I.). Near are copper-works and an iron foundry. Gnoll 
 Castle and pleasure-grounds. Druidical monuments on 
 Drunimeu Mountain. 1 m. from Neath, at Aberdulais, is a 
 fine cascade ; a few miles higher up is another called Melin 
 Court. Near is a blast furnace, w. This is a properplace from 
 whence to visit the romantic scenery and charming cascades 
 at Pont Neath Vaughan (See Brecknockshire). 4 m. from 
 Neath, at Kilybebill on a mountain to the e. are some Dru- 
 idical remains. 3 m. from Kilybebill, near Galbgron, on a 
 mountain, is a Druidical circle and cromlech call; d Camlle- 
 chart. About 2 m. e. from the latter is another more cu- 
 rious, called Mynydd-y-Gwyryd. b.e. Between Neath and 
 Loughor, at Ystradyvodwg, beautiful scenes of untouched 
 Nature rarely surpassed. On Craig Lyn Vaur, two stones 
 
 VOL. II. q of
 
 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 
 
 of memorial. Earthworks near Pont Neath Vaughan. Por- 
 thago Cave, and the most beautiful of all the cascades Cil 
 Hepttte, Witch's Chair, Enion's Crooked Waterfall ; all 
 these may be visited from Pont-Neath- Vaughan, about 9 m. 
 from Neath. 
 
 Swansea, a large market town. A sea bathing-place. 
 The principal lodging-houses are at Mount Pleasant. Ch. 
 monuments. Remains of the Castle. Theatre. Public 
 Rooms. Public Library. Potteries. 5 m. w. by s. are the 
 majestic ruins of Oystermouth Castle; a short distance 
 from which are some remains of Pennarth Castle ; be- 
 yond are the ruins of Penrice Castle, near which is the seat 
 of Talbot, esq. with valuable paintings and ornament- 
 ed grounds. A little to the v. of Penrice upon the Moun- 
 tain Cefn Bryn is an immense cromlech called Arthur's 
 Stone. At the foot of this mountain is South all, the seat 
 of J. Lucas, esq. with handsome grounds ; in his garden is 
 a very large cave. b.e. 2 m. rc. from Arthurs Stone, near 
 Llanridien, is Weobley Castle, n.d.e. At Swansea is a 
 brass-wire manufactory, e. 
 
 Loi'ghor, a corporation town. Remains of the Castle. 
 Copper-works. A little to the e. of the town vestiges of 
 two Roman Camps, b.e. At the entrance o'' the court-yard 
 of the Parsonage is a curiously- wrought stone, supposed a 
 Roman milliary stone. Cut. 
 
 MINERALS, 
 
 I find no account of any minerals peculiar to this coun- 
 ty. The following are met with in most parts of Wales as 
 well as in Glamorganshire. 
 
 Limestone with shells : in Gower. 
 
 Lead, manganese, hamiatitic iron ore: these are found 
 in small veins in the limestone rocks of Gower. 
 
 Blue limestone : between Uunraven and Penarth. 
 
 Gypsum in hard clay: near Penarth. 
 
 Stalactites, quartz : caverns in the calcareous rocks. 
 
 Iron ore, coal : near Merthyr Tydvil. 
 
 FOSSILS. 
 
 Impressions of Ferns, Eqnisetum or Horsetails, and seve- 
 ral others ; in the soal-pita near Neath, upon a slaty sub- 
 stance. 
 
 BABE
 
 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Salicornia fruticosa, Shrubby Samphire : Salt-house 
 Point near Swansea, 8, 9. 
 
 Salvia pratensis, Meadow Clary : limestone meadows 
 abo'-t Port Eynon, 7- 
 
 Schamus Mariscus, Prickly Bog-rush : Cromlyn bog 
 near Swansea, 7> 8. 
 
 Triticum loliaceum, Dwarf Sea Wheat Grass : sandy 
 meadows at Penrice, 7- 
 
 Polycarpon tetraphyllum, Four-leaved Allseed : sandy 
 wastes between Pile Inn and the sea, 6, 7- 
 
 Anchusa sempervirens, Evergreen Alkanet : at Ragland 
 near Neath, 5, 6. 
 
 Pulmonaria qffichutlis, Lungwort : woods between Neath 
 and Pile, 5. 
 
 Campanula hederacca, Ivy-leaved Bell-flower : moist 
 places about Pont y Prid and Neath Valley, 6, 8. 
 
 Lobelia Dortmanna, Water Lobelia : lakes near Pont 
 Neath Vaughan and Aberpergam, J. 
 
 Chironiu pukhelli, Dwarf Centaury : on Cromlyn Bur- 
 rows near Swansea, and about Wormshead, 8, 9. 
 
 Vinca major, Great Periwinkle : hedges about Park 
 Mill, between Swansea and Penrice, 5. 
 
 Oenanthe pimpinelloides, Parsley-leaved Water Drop- 
 wort : Liandore marshes near Swansea, 7- 
 
 Drosera longifolia, Long-leaved Sundew : Cromlyn bog 
 near Swansea, J, 8. 
 
 Scilla verna, Vernal Squill : Wormshead, 4. 
 
 Asparagus officinalis, Asparagus : about Cardiff", mea- 
 dows between Cowbridge and the sea, 8. 
 
 Alisma ramincidoides, Small Water Plantain : Sketty 
 Bo;r near Swansea, 8. 
 
 Vucchiium Oxycoccos, Cranberry: mountains near Pont 
 Ne^tli Vaughan, 6. 
 
 Erica vugans, Cornish Heath : near Newton, J, 8. 
 
 Saxifraga hypnoides, Mossy Saxifrage : mountain e. of 
 Pont Neath Vaughan, .">, 6. 
 
 Dianthus Curyophyllas, Clove Pink: walls of Cardiff 
 Castle, 7- 
 
 Silene angllca, English Catchfly: fields about Marino 
 near Swansea, 7 ' 
 
 q 2 Euphorbia
 
 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 
 
 Euphorbia portlandica, Portland Spurge : Caswell Bay, 
 8. 
 
 Prunus Padus, Bird Cherry: hedges about Mertbyr 
 Tydvil, 5. 
 
 Pyrus torminalis, Wild Service: sides of Neath Valley, 
 and woods about Penrice, 4, 5. 
 
 Pyrus Aria, White Beam Tree : woods about Neath 
 Valley and Merthyr Tydvil, 5. 
 
 Potcntilla verna, Spring Cinquefoil: above the cliffs 
 between Port Eynon and the Wormshead, 5. 
 
 Papaver cambricum, Yellow Poppy : about Pont Nedd 
 Vechan and Aberdylais, 6". 
 
 Cistus marifolius, Hoary Dwarf Cistus : on the Worms- 
 head, plentifully, 5. 
 
 Trollius europceus, Globe Flower : between Pont Nedd 
 Vechan and Usgoed Eynon Gam, 5, 6. 
 
 Helleborus faetidm, Stinking Hellebore : near Park Mill 
 towards Pennard Castle by Swansea, 3, 4. 
 
 Antirrhinum repens, Creeping Blue Snapdragon : bal- 
 last banks Briton Ferry, 7, J- 
 
 Sibthorpia europcea, Cornish Moneywort : under a damp 
 shady wall 200 yards from Pont y Pridd, 7, 8. 
 
 Draba aizoidcs, Yellow Whitlow Grass : walls and rocks 
 about Pennard Castle 8 in. from Swansea, and rocks at 
 Wormshead, 3, 4. 
 
 Lepidium petrcsum, Mountain Pepperwort: walls of 
 Pennard Castle, 3, 4. 
 
 Lepidium ruderale, Narrow-leaved Pepperwort : ballast 
 banks about Swansea, 6. 
 
 Thtaspi alpestre, Alpine Shepherd's Purse: about Pont 
 Nedd Vechan and Aberpergam, 6, 7- 
 
 Cochlearia danica, Danish Scurvy-grass : rocks about 
 I he Mumbles light-house, 5, 6. 
 
 Iberia nudicaulis, Naked-stalked Candy-tuft : about 
 Swansea, 5. 
 
 Crambe maritima, Sea Kale : rocks about Port Eynon, 
 .7, rt. 
 
 Sisymbrium murale, Sand-rocket Water Cress : about 
 Swansea, U. 
 
 (Jhciranthv* ainuatus, Sea Stock : about Swansea and 
 sea share?, 8. 
 
 Turriti*
 
 GLAMORGANSHIRE, 
 
 Turritis hirsuta, Hairy Tower Mustard : walls of Oyster- 
 niouth Castle, 5. 
 
 Geranium sanguineum, Bloody Crane's-bill : burrows 
 about Pern-ice and Port Eynon, 7> 9. 
 
 Hypericum An\h y o$cemum,Txitsa.n St. John'sWoi t : about 
 Cardiit". Penrice, and Neath, 7 8. 
 
 Cardans hc-t.j. nphylbis, Melancholy Thistle : road side 
 between LlaadaiV and Cbwbridge, J, 8. 
 
 Gnaphalium doicum, Mountain Cudweed: about Pont 
 Nedd Vechan, (J, J. 
 
 Inula crithmoides, Samphire-leaved Fleabane : about 
 Port Eynon, 8. 
 
 Ophrys N'diis-avis, Birds-nest Ophrys : Margam and 
 Penrice woods, 5, 6. 
 
 Carex dlo'ica, Separate-headed Carex : boggy places 
 near Aberdylab, 6, 
 
 Carex ampullacea, Slender Bladder Carex : Cromlyn 
 and Sketty bogs near Swansea, 5, 
 
 Osmunda regalis, Flowering Fern : frequent in the 
 county, 7, 8. 
 
 Polypodium Dryopteris, Three-branched Polypody :-r- 
 rocks about Pont Nedd Vechan. 
 
 Polypodium Louchitis, Rough Alpine Polypody : valley 
 going up Pen Craigy from Pont Nedd Vechan. 
 
 Asplenimn marinum, Sea Spleenwort : about Oyster- 
 mouth Castle. 
 
 Adianturii Capillus Veneris, True Maiden Hair: in Barry 
 Island and at Pore Kirig. 
 
 Scolopcndriuhi Cetcrach, Scaly Spleenwort : walls at 
 Swansea. 
 
 Hymenophyllum tunbridgeme, Tunbridge Filmy. -leaf :>-- 
 moist rocks about Pont Nedd Vechan. 
 
 Piluhria globidifera, Pillwort or Pepper-grass : Pert 
 Craigy Lyn Vach, a pool near Pont Nedd Vechan, 6j 9 . 
 
 *3
 
 MERIONETHSHIRE 
 
 (NORTH WALES) 
 
 Is bounded by Caernarvonshire, Denbighshire, Montgo- 
 meryshire, and the Irish Sea. It measures 36 miles x. to 
 s. and 34 in the broadest part. The face of the county is 
 varied throughout, with a most romantic mixture of all the 
 peculiar scenery belonging to a wild and mountainous re- 
 gion. Some strangely sequestered situations, inaccessible 
 without hazard, yet not without their charms, and the 
 seats of simplicity and rustic competence, are found amid 
 the savage scenery of this wild region. Grazing forms the 
 principal employ of the inhabitants of this county. 
 
 Dinas Mowddwy, 8 m. s.e. by s. from Dolgelly. 
 About 1 m. distant is Mallwyd, surrounded by romantic 
 and delightful scenery : in the Ch.-yard are some magnifi- 
 cent-yew trees. At Pont Fallwyd is a fine cataract, p. 
 
 Talyllyn, 7m.s.w.from Dinas Mowddwy. Near is the 
 beautiful lake called Llyn Myngul. b.e. [The Blue Lion at 
 Talyllyn is a comfortable inn.] 
 
 Llan Mowddwy, 4j m. n. from Dinas Mowddwy. At 
 one end of the vale is Bwlch y Groes, or the Pass of the 
 C'ross, one of the most terrible in North Wales, p. 
 
 Towyn, 12 m. w. by s. from Machynlleth in Montgo- 
 meryshire. It is a sea bathing-place with a fine sandy beach. 
 Ch. monuments. At the end of Towyn vale are the ruins 
 of Teberri Castle, p. 
 
 n Dolgelly, a market town. Ch. monuments. Welsh 
 Harpers, who play according to ancieat custom. From 
 hence the tourist will ascend the famous mountain Cader 
 Idris. Beyond Turraw Mawr, by the side of Cader Idris, is 
 Llyn Cregenan ; and not distant are remains of Druidical 
 : ircles, cairns, and stones of memorial. In the park at 
 Nanney, the seat of Sir R. Vaughan, bart. is a remarkable 
 large hollow oak-tree. Upon a rocky eminence above 
 Nu^ney :s a British post called Moel Orthnvm : a short 
 
 distance
 
 MERIONETHSHIRE. 
 
 distance further are the ruins of Cymmer or y Vanner Ab- 
 bey (circa 1200). In the vicinity are two Waterfalls 
 (Rhaiadr Ddu and Don y Myllynllyn), near the 5th mile- 
 stone from Dolgelly. 9 m. from Dolgelly is the hill Tylyn 
 Gwladys, from which is an extensive prospect : below is 
 the valley of Mouddach, near which is the grand cataract 
 called Pistill y Oayne, and not far from it is Pistill Moud- 
 dach, another fine cataract- 
 
 Barmouth, 10 m. s.w. by w. from Dolgelly. A sea 
 bathing-place, with a firm sandy beach, used as a prome- 
 nade, p. The scenery between Dolgelly and Barmouth is 
 grand, awful, and sublime, most beautiful when the tide is 
 up. If you prefer going by water, a boat may be had at the 
 Stoves for three shillings, c.t. This delightful sea-bathing 
 place is called Gibraltar in miniature, from a similar dispo- 
 sition of building houses upon the rock ; and we have no 
 sea bathing. place in Britain that will amuse the scientific 
 tourist more than Barmouth ; the antiquary, mineralo- 
 gist, and natural historian will find there a fund of enter- 
 tainment. The cromlechs, stones of memorial, and Druid 
 circles, &c. in the environs, will be viewed with pleasure 
 by the former ; the variety of rocks, and their contents, 
 will attract the notice of the mineralogist ; and the beau- 
 tiful extensive sandy beach, and rocks, will afford a variety 
 of subjects for the natural historian, in rare plants, marine- 
 insects, and shells j among the latter, I observed 
 
 Mactra lutraria Bucchmm LapiHus 
 
 zonaria reticulatwn 
 
 Stultorum JMun.'i despectus 
 
 Venus mercenaria Turbo Terebra 
 
 exoleta Chit hr us 
 
 ' radiata of Da Costa, littoreus 
 
 p. 12,/. 2. 
 
 Tdlina crassa Trochns couulus 
 
 Dimax denticulata Voluta tornatilis (rare) 
 
 Cardium eckinatum Bulla Ampulla (rare) 
 
 lemigatum Ncrita littoralis 
 
 edule Ci/prcau Pediculm 
 
 Pecten varius Scrpula intricata 
 
 Sulen Siliijua Sabclki tubijurmis 
 Buccimin wuiulatum Haj: le ni.
 
 MERIONETHSHIRE. 
 
 Hablech. Fine ruins of a Castle. The vicinity of Har- 
 lech abounds with Druidical remains, &c. Upon a hill 
 near are several Druidical circles, most of them with stones 
 of memorial. See Llyn y Cvra and Cvvm Bychan for the 
 scenery, also Drvvs Ardudwy for the terrific. Between this 
 and Cors-y-gedol are Llyn Bodlyn and Llyn-cwm-Howel : 
 on the plain near the.se lakes are numerous Druidical re- 
 mains; two circles with a large Cromlech, also a Carnedd; 
 and a little further a magnificent Cromlech, and four Mei- 
 ni hirion or stones of memorial. The top of Craig-y-Ddinas 
 is supposed a British post. At no great distance is Castle 
 Ddinas Cortin an entrenched camp; on the plain beneath 
 are circles, cromlechs, carnedds, and stones of memorial. 
 Near the 5th milestone from Harlech to Barmouth, a little 
 out of the road, are two cromlechs near each other, on 
 barrows or carnedds. In a field by the road-side near the 
 village of Llanbedr are two stones of memorial, called 
 Meini gwyr. b.e. 
 
 Trawsfynydd, 12 m. n.n.w. from Dolgelly. On the 
 common is part of the Roman road called Llwyber Helen, 
 or Hellen's Causeway. In a field at some distance is a stone 
 of memorial called Llech Idris. On Milkneint mountain 
 ^ m. from the road are some remarkable stone monu- 
 ments called Bedhau Gwyr Ardudwy. Several Druidical 
 circles, a vast carnedd with two stones of memorial are in 
 the vicinity. Not far from Rluw Goch is a small fort very 
 singularly situated called Castel Prysor. In the neigh- 
 bourhood a large Roman camp called Tommen-y-Mur, and 
 Lake Raithlyn. The above may be visited from the inn at 
 Festiniog. p. 
 
 Festiniog, 3 m. n.e. from Tan-y-Bwlch. Here is a 
 good inn, and the scenery about it very beautiful. See the 
 charming cascade called Pulpit Hugh Lhwyd Cynfael. p. 
 Many of the ancient remains in the above parish of Traws- 
 fynydd may be visited from this inn. 
 
 Bala, the principal market-town in the county. In the 
 vicinity are the remains of three Roman Encampments. 
 Near the town is a large Lake, and a hill called Tommen y 
 Bala. See also Pont Llyn Dyffus and the cataract above 
 it, said to equal Pont Aber Glass Llyn. b.e. 
 
 Cop.wex. a market town TheCh. stands in a very ro- 
 mantic
 
 MERIONETHSHIRE. 
 
 mantic situation; on the s. side stands a Cross, called the 
 Sword of Glyndvvr. Fronting Corwen is Caer Drewyn, a 
 British post with the mins of a circular tower. Upon Ca- 
 dir Frowen is a great heap of stones, with a stone of memo- 
 rial in the centre. The Rabus Chamcemorus (or Cloud Ber- 
 ry) grows plentifully ahout this hill. 1 m. s.w. at Llangar,in a 
 field called CaerBont is a small entrenchment. Visit Rhaiadr 
 Cynwyd, a picturesque waterfall. ?. {Vide Denbighshire.) 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Siliceous porphyry, quartz, siliceous schistose porphy- 
 ry, argillaceous porphyry, granitell of Kirwan : Cader 
 Idris mountain. 
 
 Copper ore, toadstone, spar: Prince of Wales moun- 
 tain near Dolgelly. 
 
 Blue ochre : near Dinas Mowddwy. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Festuca vivipara, Viviparous Fescue Grass : summit of 
 Cader Idris, 1 . 
 
 Lobelia Dortmanna, Water Lobelia : in the first lake as 
 you ascend Cader Idris, about Bala, 7- 
 
 ImpatieiisNoli-me-tangere, Velio w Balsam : by the road 
 side from Dolgelly to Erwgoed Chapel, 8. 
 
 Viola lutea, Yellow Mountain Violet : about Bala, 5, .9. 
 
 Menm athamanticiim, Spignel : Garueddwen between 
 Bala and Dolgelly, 5. 
 
 Rumex digynus, Mountain Sorrel : rivulets about Llyn 
 y Cai, C. 
 
 Alisma natans, Floating Water Plantain : s. end of Bala 
 Lake, 7, 8. 
 
 Vcccininm Vitis Idwa, Red Whortle Berry: Cader Idris 
 and Fronwcn mountains, (i. 
 
 Saxifraga stellaris, Hairy Saxifrage : Cader Idris, <>, 7- 
 
 Saxifraga nivalis, Clustered Alpine Saxtfrage : on the 
 Fromven Mountains. 
 
 Saxifraga opjjosilifolia, Purple Saxifrage : on Craig y 
 Cae, Cader Idris, 4. 
 
 Scleranthtis pereitnh, Perennial Knawel : road-.-ide be- 
 tween Corwen and Bala, lo, 11. 
 
 Rosa tomt-iitosa, Downy-leaved Rose : hedges beiweeu 
 Bala und the Lake, (>, J. 
 
 R ibiii
 
 MERIONETHSHIRE. 
 
 Rubus Chamcemorus, Mountain Bramble : Cader Fron- 
 wen and Berwyn mountains, 6. 
 
 Thalictrum minus, Lesser Meadow Rue : on Cader 
 Idris and near Bala Pool, 6, / 
 
 Trollius europceus, Globe Floorer : left of the road from 
 Doigeliy to Trawsfinaid and Cader Idris, 5, 6. 
 
 Mentha rotundifolia, Round-leaved Mint : sides of Bala 
 Pool, 8, 9. 
 
 Melampyrum sylvaticum, Wood Cow-wheat : side of 
 fBala Pool] 7, 8. 
 
 Scrophularia vernalis, Yellow Figwort : about Llan- 
 forda, a seat of Sir W. W. Wynne, bart. 4, 5. 
 
 Cheiranthus sinuatus, Sea Stock : rocks at Aberdovey, 8. 
 
 Arable hispida, Alpine Rock Cress: Mocl yn Rhud 
 near Festiniog, 6, 7- 
 
 Brassica oleracea, Sea Cabbage : near Harlech Castle, 
 5,6'. 
 
 Geranhim sanguineum, Bloody Cranesbill : about Bar- 
 mouth, 8. 
 
 Genista pihsa, Hairy Greenweed : foot of Cader Idris, 
 between Doigeliy and Llyn Arran, 5. 
 
 Orobus si/lvuticus, Wood Orobus : not far from Ba!a, 
 b, 6. 
 
 TrifoUum maritimum, Teasel-headed Trefoil : Towgym, 
 G, 7- 
 
 Hypericum Androsamum, Tutsan St. John's-wort : 
 near the cataract called Ilhaiadr Ddu, 7, 8. 
 
 Gnaphalium sylvaticum, Highland Cudweed : on Cader 
 Idris, 8. 
 
 Senecio viscosus, Stinking Groundsel : banks of Baia 
 lake, 7, 10. 
 
 Cineraria palustris, Marsh Fleawort : about Aberavon 
 and Barmouth sands, 6, 7- 
 
 Littorella lucustris, Plantain Shoreweed : s. end of 
 Bala lake, 6. 
 
 Empetrum nigrum, Crow Berry : on the mountains 
 plentifully, 5. 
 
 Rhodiola rosea, Rose Root : Cader Idris, 5, 6. 
 
 Pteris crispa, Curled or Rock Brakes : Cader Idri*. 
 
 Awlrcca alpina, Alpine Andreea : boggy places on Ca- 
 der Idris near the summit. 
 
 Euphorbia PcpUs, Purple Spurge ; on Barmouth sands, 
 7, 8.
 
 MERIONETHSHIRE. 
 
 Lavatera arborea, Tree Mallow: rocks at Barmouth. 
 
 Sedvm rupestre, Rock Stonecrop : rocks at Barmouth. 
 
 Airacaryophyllea,iiilvcr HairGrass : rocks at Barmouth. 
 
 Leonurus Cardiaca, Motherwort: rocks at Barmouth. 
 
 Erica 7>/ra&r,Cross-leat"ed Heath: rocks at Barmouth. 
 
 Cotyledon Umbilicus, Navelwort : rocks at Barmouth. 
 
 Asplenium Trichomona, Maidenhair Spleenwort : rocks 
 at Barmouth. 
 
 Asplenium Adiantum nigrum, Black Maidenhair Spleen- 
 wort : rocks at Barmouth. 
 
 Blechnum boreale, Northern Blechnum : rocks at Bar- 
 mouth. 
 
 Drosera rotundifoUa, Round-leaved Sundew : boggy 
 pasture m. from Barmouth towards Harlech. 
 
 Comarum pahustre, Marsh Cinquefoil : boggy pasture 
 | m. from Barmouth towards Harlech. 
 
 Hydrocotyle vulgaris, White-rot : boggy pasture | m. 
 from Barmouth towards Harlech. 
 
 Phiguicula vulgaris, Butterwort : in the road to Dol- 
 gelly 1 m. from Barmouth.
 
 MONTGOMERYSHIRE 
 
 (NORTH WALES) 
 
 Has Denbighshire, Merionethshire, Cardiganshire, Radnor- 
 shire, and Shropshire, as surrounding counties. The length 
 is about 36 miles from the northern to the southern angle, 
 and from e. tow. nearly the same; it is 167 miles in circumfe- 
 rence, and contains 982 square miles. This county, though 
 barren and mountainous in manyparts.has a greater mixture 
 of fertile vale and plain than most of the Welch counties. The 
 most considerable level tract is that in which the Severn 
 flows, which rises in the lofty mountain of Plynlimmon. 
 The air is esteemed, though in parts cold and sharp, very 
 salubrious. The county is rich in its agricultural and na- 
 tural products : its manufactories are also of consideration, 
 the centre of which is Welch Pool, from whence they are 
 sent to Shrewsbury. 
 
 Montgomeey. Ch. monuments. Ruins of the Castle, 
 Upon a hill not far from the Castle is a strong British 
 post or Camp with several fosses. At the bottom of the 
 hill is a smaller fortification with a raised mount. From an 
 eminence between Montgomery and Newtown is a most 
 enchanting view, b.e- 
 
 Fordex, 2 m. n. by e. from Montgomery.- In this pa- 
 rish is Gaer, a Roman Camp, and Nantcribba, a seat of 
 Viscount Hereford. Upon a conoid rock near the above are 
 the remains of a little fort. p. Between Forden and Mont- 
 gomery the traveller passes Offa's Dyke on the left. 
 
 Newtown, 9 m. s.w. from Montgomery. Ch. Screen, 
 ernd ancient font. Newtown Hall stands in a fine park, om, 
 n. by e. from Newtown is Dolforwyn Castle, supposed Bri- 
 tish; it commands a fine view. On the top of a hill not far 
 from the above is a great mount, f. 
 
 Caekswys, 6 m. w. by n. from Newtown, Two encamp- 
 ments, a small one called Gwynfynydd. In a field near Rhos 
 JDdiarbed Common is a large Camp very curiously forti- 
 fied with & vast mount. b,e, 
 
 VOL, 11... B LjLAKPDII>,N*f.
 
 MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 
 
 Llanddinam, 6 m. n.e. fromLlanydloes. Onthe sum- 
 mit of a high mountain opposite Llanddinam is a British 
 post called Y Gaer Fechan, with many fosses. Near is a 
 small lake called Llyn yr Afange. b.e. 
 
 Llanydloes. Roof of the Ch. curiously carved. From 
 this place the famous mountain Plynlimmon is generally 
 visited ; on the summit are two Carnedds. At Melin Ye- 
 lindra is a small cataract, p. 
 
 Machynlleth. Near Penault, about 2 m. distant, is a 
 Roman Camp upon a hill at Cefn Caer. Near Cemmes is 
 Abort heriae th, the seat of Sir John Uashwood King, bait, 
 with beautiful grounds. From Machynlleth visit the grand 
 cataract Pystyll Rhaiadr. p. 
 
 Llanehfyl, 5 m. w.fromLlanfair. 1 m. from hence is 
 Can or Cannon Office inn, the only one between Welch 
 Pool and Malhvyd. Near is a large tumulus, and in the vi- 
 cinity many carnedds. p. 
 
 Llan fair, a market town. Here the tourist may see 
 the expert method the fishermen have of spearing the sal- 
 mon in the adjoining liver. The vicinity of Llanfair abounds 
 in antiquities. Upon Moel-ddol-wyn is a Roman Camp, 
 and on another hill near Garddan is a small inclosed fort, 
 supposed British. In the Ch.-yard is a medicinal spring. 
 On the Drum are three small pools, in one of them an in- 
 scribed stone, b.e. 
 
 Mathrafal in Lean Gynyw, 2 m. n. by w. from Llan- 
 fair. Earthworks of a Castle, and other entrenchments in 
 the vicinitv. b.e. 
 
 Welch 'Pool. Gold Chalice in the Ch. Walk 1 m. to 
 Powis Castle (temp. Hen. II.), the seat of Viscount Clive, 
 where there arc many family portraits and some good pic- 
 tures. Between Welch Pool and Llanfair, on Moel y Golfa 
 Hill, is a handsome obelisk, to commemorate the victories 
 of Lord Rodney, from which there are fine views. From the 
 top of the Park at Powis Castle is a very fine view. b.e. 
 
 Llanymynech, 5j m. s. by w. from Oswestry in Salop 
 - (known for the excellence of the lime, the produce of the 
 neighbouring hill). In one of the hills is a place called 
 Ogo or Cavern, formerly a level to a mine. On one side of 
 Llanyraynech Hill is a stupendous rampart of loose stones 
 with fosses; from the summit a fine view. Make an exenr- 
 ioR to Newbridge and see the bridge and cascade, p. 
 
 minfrals.
 
 MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Lead ore : near Pystyll Rhaiadr and Dylivan. 
 Copper ore: Esgair vraith. 
 Galena, slate : Llangynnog. 
 Schistic, hornblende : near Llanydloes. 
 Quartz: on Plynlimmon. 
 
 Calamine ore of zinc, blende or black jack, limestone, 
 marble : Llanymynech hill 
 Coal : at Coedwae. 
 
 BARE PLANTS. 
 
 Vei'9^ Ca hybrida, Welsh Speedwell: on the sides of 
 Craig Wretch'", 7- 
 
 Campanula hetkracea, Ivy-leaved Bell-flower : Cemmaes 
 near Machynlleth, b, 8. 
 
 Impatiens-Noli-me-tangeri', Yellow Balsam : at Gwern 
 Dhee 1 m. from Montgomery, river banks at Mornington 
 in Chirbury Parish 5 m. from Montgomery, 8. 
 
 Viola hitea, Yellow Mountain Violet : between the 18th 
 milestone and Llanydloes, 5, 9. 
 
 Linum usitatissimum, Common Flax: between Montgo-? 
 mery and Newtown, 1 m. from the former, J. 
 
 Polygonum Bistorta, Great Bistort : fields near Mont- 
 gomery, 6. 
 
 Saxifraqa kypnoides, Mossy Saxifrage: north side of 
 Breiddin Hills, 5, 6. 
 
 Sedum rupestre, Rock Stonecrop : on the Breiddin hills ^ 
 7- 
 
 Punts Aria, White Beam Tree: on the Breiddin hills, 5. 
 
 Geranium sanguineum, Bloody Cranes-bill: on the Breid- 
 din hills, 7, 9. 
 
 Pofentilla rupestris, Strawberry-flower Cinquefoil : on 
 the sides of Craig Breiddin, 6, J. 
 
 Papaver cambrieum, Yellow Poppy : on the Breiddin 
 hills and Craig Cwm Pystyll near Newtown, G. 
 
 Pter'is crispa, Curled or Rock Brakes: onBreiddin hills. 
 
 Saponaria officinalis, Soapwort: lane fromLlan Rhaiadr 
 to Pystyll Rhaiadr, 8, 9. 
 
 Sedum dnsyphyllum, Thick-leaved Stone-crop: hills 
 above Myfod, 6, 
 
 r % Lychnis
 
 MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 
 
 Lychnis Viscaria, Red German Catchfiy : on the rocks 
 of Craig Breiddin 8 m. n.e. of Welch Pool, 5, 6. 
 
 Rosa villosa, Apple Rose : in the hedges of the road 
 from Llanydloes to Newtown, 6, 7- 
 
 Rosa tomentosa, Downy-leaved R.ose : in the hedges of 
 the road from Llanydloes to Newtown, 6, 7< 
 
 Rubus Chamamorup, Cloudberry or Bramble : near 
 the summit of Berwyn mountain by Llan Rhaiadr, 6. 
 
 Orohus sylvaticus. Wood Orobus : near Garth bibio, 5, 6, 
 
 Inula Heknium, Elecampane : near Welch Pool, 7, 8.
 
 PEMBROKESHIRE 
 (SOUTH WALES) 
 
 Is partly surrounded by the sea, but joins Caermarthen- 
 sbire. It is about 27 miles long and 30 broad; in circum- 
 ference about 115 miles. The climate is temperate and 
 salubrious, but is more affected by rain than any other 
 county, from its peculiar situation. The soil varies consi- 
 derably, including the extremes of bad and good and the in- 
 termediate gradations. The surface is generally hilly, and! 
 rendered fruitful by its numerous streams. Agriculture is 
 followed but with little spirit ; the labour is principally by 
 oxen, which gives rise to an excellent breed of fat black 
 cattle with spreading horns, which are highly prized at 
 Smithfield and by the English grazier. Tenby in this 
 county is an interesting spot, as a wateiing place. 
 
 Narbeth, a market town. 'Picturesque fragments of 
 the Castle, b.e. 
 
 Lawhaden, 3 m. x.n.w. from Narbeth. Ruins of the 
 Castle, beautifully situated on the Claddy, formerly a for 
 titled residence of the Bishop of St. David's. 
 
 Picton, 6 m. w. by s. from Narbeth. Picton Castle, 
 near thejunctionof the two Cleddies, the seat of Lord Mil-, 
 ford: intlie grounds aretlie remains of an encampment call- 
 ed Castle Lake. On the western shore of Milford Haven are 
 the ruins of Benton Castle, b.e. 
 
 Tenby, a market town, and fashionable sea bathing* 
 place. rllot and cold baths. Ch. monuments. Ruins of 
 the Castle. Excavations in the rocks. Catherine's Cave. 
 Fine view of the Devonshire coast. Opposite Tenby is the 
 Island of Caldey ; on the rocks grows the Lwatera arborea 
 or Tree Mallow. 3 m. n.w. is Carew Castle. St. Flo- 
 rence. The ride of 10 miles from hence to Pembroke is. 
 delightful. 3 m. on this side Pembroke are the extensive 
 remains of Manorbeer Castle. Lamphey Court, formerly a 
 palace of the bishop of St. David's, is worthy a visit, b.e^ 
 The beautiful shells enumerated at the end of this county 
 Ije found upon the shore near Tenby, 
 
 8 3 Caeew^
 
 PEMBROKESHIRE. 
 
 CaRew, 5 to. t.N.E. from Pembroke. Nc/ble remains o? 
 its Castle ; on a creek of Milford Haven, and about 7 
 miles from Tenby, a fine bill, and remarkable for the orna- 
 mental architecture of different ages. In the village an an- 
 cient Cross highly ornamented. Ch. monuments, b.e. 
 
 Manordef.r Castle, about 2 m. out of the road from 
 Tenby to Pembroke. A rude and strong fortress in a re- 
 tired bay. - 
 
 Lamphf.y Court, a mined palace of the bishop of St. 4 
 Davids, two miles from Pembroke. 
 
 Pembroke, the county town.- Ruins of the Castle pe- 
 culiarly striking. A noble round tower stands in the court- 
 yard surrounded by a wall built along the irregular summit 
 of a rock, and strengthened at the angles by various clus- 
 ters of towers. [Four pleasing v*ews of this Castle (by 
 Mr. Norris) are published by Mr. Booth, and Mr. Weble at 
 Pembroke.] Beneath the ruins fronting the river is a large 
 cavern called the Wogart. 
 
 Bosherton Mere, a remarkable cleft in the ground 
 t\ r ithin a short distance of the edge of the cliff. During 
 heavy gales of wind from s.w. the sea is forced from be- 
 neath by the violence of the currents of air, and rises in a 
 spout to the height of thirty feet above the level of the land. 
 
 St. Gowan's Chapel, built about half-way down an ir- 
 regular descent to a wild rocky bay, much resorted to by' 
 persons from remote parts of Wales, who have great faith 
 in the efficacy of a spring of water near the chapel in the 
 removal of various complaints. 
 
 Naxglk, 10 m. w. by n. from Pembroke. The frag- 
 ments of a building of singular construction called the 
 Blockhouse, b.e. 
 
 Stackpool, 3^m. s.by w. from Pembroke. The Court, 
 the seat of Lord Cawdor, with elegant pleasure-grounds. 
 Ch. monuments. The coast from Stackpool-head west- 
 wards towards Nangle-point is highly romantic, with se-* 
 veral caverns ; the one called Bosherton Mere is the most 
 remarkable. A little to the east of Bosherton Mere is the 
 Hermitage of St. Cowan, which all tourists should visit. 
 The promontory of Castle Martin contains some Druidical 
 remains. On the sea shore are a number of military earth, 
 works, some of considerable strength, b.e. 
 
 Milford, a market town, 6 m. n.w. from Pembroke : 
 
 built
 
 PEMBROKESHIRE. 
 
 built within twenty-five years, and till lately a flourishing; 
 town ; now deserted by the whale fishery, and the dock- 
 yard has declined greatly. The Church, though a new 
 building and ornamented with painted glass in the win- 
 dows and some presents from Lord Nelson, is going fast to 
 ruin. From Miiford you have one of the finest views of 
 the Haven, which is superior to any other haven in the 
 kingdom. Packet establishment. 
 
 Haverford West. A corporation town. Remains of 
 theCastle and Priory {ante 1200). Parade Walk. The Castle, 
 boldly situated above the Claddy, used as the county jail. 
 Monuments in Langwm Church, particularly De la Roche's. 
 
 B.K. 
 
 Rt:dbaxton, 3t m. n. from Haverford West. Large 
 niount near the Ch.-yard. Car. British Camp called the 
 Bath. Castle Henry, a large tumulus, b.e. 
 
 Roche Castle, 8 m. from Haverford West. A single 
 tower of an irregular form rising from a steep rocky 
 knowl, and commanding an extensive view of the coast 
 and a wild country. 
 
 Little Newcastle, 8 m. n. from Haverford West. 
 Upon a farm called Smurton or Summerton is a circular 
 Camp ; and another circular camp called Castle Coning, 
 near the village of St. Uogmaels, one mile west from Car- 
 digan. B.E. 
 
 St. David's. The Cathedral, the Palace, St. Mary's 
 College, and the remains of the City Walls form a most in- 
 teresting and peculiar assemblage of buildings. The body 
 of the cathedral is in repair, and the service is performed 
 regularly ; all the other buildings are in ruins. Near the 
 coast are the remains of several chapels. Ancient Cross. 
 St. David's Head is a fine bold promontory*. Rocks called, 
 the Bishop and his Clerks. The antiquarian tourist will 
 take the road nearest the coast to Fishguard : in his way, at 
 Longhouse near Trefine village, is a cromlech in good pre- 
 servation. Further on, at Treslanog, among other relics is 
 another cromlech. Several others near Trehowel, at a place 
 
 * A series of Views of St. David's has been published by 
 Mr. Norris of Tenby, and they have been praised for their 
 correctness by the present Bishop ina Charge to the clergy 
 of the diocese. May be had of the publisher of this \vork. 
 
 called
 
 PEMBROKESHIRE. 
 
 railed Tref Cilhwch, supposed to have formed the site of 
 an ancient British town. 
 
 Llan Rian, 5Vm. n.k. from St. David's. Near is 
 Castell Hafod, a Roman camp. On Garn-fawT Rock is a 
 British Camp inclosed by lofty ramparts of loose stones, b.e. 
 
 Newport, a market town. -Remains of the Castle. 
 Slate quarries in the bay. In the vicinity of Newport are 
 many Druidieal remains. Near Pentre Evan, in Nevern 
 parish, is a remarkable cromlech extremely well worth vi- 
 siting; also a Druidieal circle. In Nevern Ch.-yard a 
 richly decorated Cross: upon a hill above the church re- 
 mains of a fortress. Between Newport and the sea is 
 another very fine cromlech culled Llech-y-drybed or Altar- 
 stone, N.D.E. 
 
 St. Dogmaei.s, 1 m. from Cardigan. Interesting re- 
 mains of its Pr, {circa W. Con.) b.e. 
 
 Cilgaran or Kilgaren, 8 m. w.x.w. from Newcastle 
 Emlyn, and 2 m. from Cardigan. Majestic ruins of the 
 Castle. The scenery adjoining the river is exceedingly 
 romantic. A little above Cilgaran Castle is Castle Mael- 
 gwn, formerly the seat of Sir B. Hamet ; the grounds are 
 laid out with great taste. Pentre gardens and grounds are 
 in the ancient style, and much admired, b.e. Further up 
 the river, at Kennath, is a curious sulmon4eap, E. 
 
 MINERALS, 
 
 Lead : in Llanyrnach parish. 
 Copper in veins : Milford Haven, 
 Iron stone : coast of Tenby Bay. 
 Slate, alum vein : slate quarries near Newport, 
 Pudding stone, freestone : at Fishguard. 
 Limestone : stone coal : on the south side of the 
 county. 
 
 FOSSILS. 
 
 The lithostron fossil coral : on tha rocky cliffs aboitf 
 2 miles from Tenby. 
 
 CONCHOLOOY. 
 
 Beautiful specimens of the following shells are found on 
 the shore near Tenby. 
 
 Pkolas Dactylus Turbo Terebra 
 
 Anomia Ephippinm Strumbu* Pes Pelican* 
 
 Murex crinacw* Troehut Ziziphim*
 
 PEMBROKESHIRE, 
 
 Lcpas cornubiensis Lepas anatifera 
 
 Voluta tornatilis Chiton crinatus 
 
 Nerita glaucina Area Nucleus 
 
 Tell'nafragilis Bulla Ampulla 
 
 My a truncata Pinna frugilis 
 
 Mactra solidn Haliotis tuberculata 
 
 Cyprcea Pediculut Donax Trunculut 
 
 DentaUum entalis Pecten Push. 
 
 Subella tubijormis 
 A folio plate of these shells, coloured, may be had at th* 
 Repository at Tenby, or of Mr. Booth, bookseller, Duke- 
 street, Portland-place, London. As also some account of 
 the ancient buildings at Tenby. 
 
 BARE PLANTS. 
 
 Veronica montana, Mountain Speedwell : Stackpool 
 Court woods, 5, 6. 
 
 Cyperus longus, Sweet Cyperus : rivulet ,side between 
 St. David's Town and St. David's Head, J- 
 
 Rubia percgrina, Wild Madder : rocks round Broad- 
 haven and Tenby, 6, 7- 
 
 Cyclamen europceum, Spring Cyclamen : woods eX 
 Stackpool Court, 4. 
 
 Campanula hedsracea, Ivy-leaved Beliflower: road bank 
 between St. Clears and Tavernspite, 6, 8. 
 
 Vinca major, Large Perwinkle : near Tenby, 5. 
 
 Gcntiuna campestris, Field Gentian : Stackpool warren,9\ 
 
 Gentiuna acaulis, Dwarf Gentian : this new plant was 
 found near Haverford \\ est, 6, / 
 
 Shim verticdlatum, Whorled Water Parsnip : between 
 Trecastle and St. David's, 7, 8. 
 
 Ornithogalum umbellatum, Common Star of Bethlehem : 
 in a wood close to Stackpool Coxirt House, 4, 5. 
 
 Scilla verna, Vernal Squill : Tenby and sea coast south 
 from Stackpool Court, 4. 
 
 Convallaria Polygonatum, Angular Solomon's Seal : rock 
 near the sea at r l enby, 5, n'. 
 
 Alisma ranuiiculo.des, Small Water Planta n : sides of 
 Leoch pool at Bosiier on, 8. 
 
 Silene anglica, Lnglisn Catchfly : near St. David's, 7 ' 
 
 Sedum album, White Sedum : Stackpool quay, 7- 
 
 Euphorbia parsaliu, Sea Spurge : near Tenby, 8, 9. 
 
 Euphorbia
 
 PEMBROKESHIRE. 
 
 Euphorbia portkmdica, Portland Spurge: in Stack pool 
 warren, 8. 
 
 Thalictrum minus, Lesser Meadow R.ue : rocks a little 
 west of Tenby, 6, 7- 
 
 Helleborus viridis, Green Hellebore : Lodge Park near 
 Stackpool Court, 4. 
 
 Ajuga Chamcepitys, Ground Pine : on the walls and 
 houses at St. David's, 4, 5. 
 
 Melittis MeUssophyllum, Reddish Bastard Balm : near 
 Haverford West, 6. 
 
 Orobanche minor, Lesser Bromerape : near Tenby, 7, 8. 
 Lepidium petrcevm, Mountain Pepper wort : a weed on 
 the walks at Stackpool and Tenby, 3, 4. 
 
 Cocklearia danica, Danish Scurvy Grass : near St. 
 Ann's light-house, 6. 
 
 Coronopus didyma, Lesser Watercress : at Dale near 
 Milford Haven, 7- 
 
 Crambe maritima, Sea Kale : clifts at Tenby, 5, 6. 
 Hesperis inodora, Scentless Dames Violet : plentiful in 
 a field on the top of the hill on the Haverford West side of 
 Pembroke Ferry, 5, 6. 
 
 Brassica oleracca, Sea Cabbage : rocks at Tenby, 5, 6. 
 Erodium moschatum, Musky 8torksbill : roadside 1 ra. 
 from Tenby towards Pembroke, 6, 7. 
 
 Erodinm maritimum, between Milford Haven and Haver- 
 ford West, 5, 9. 
 
 Lavatcra arborea, Tree Mallow : on Tenby rocks next 
 the sea, and rocks near Stackpool Court, 7, 10. 
 
 Genista pilnsa, Hairy Greenweed : on the very west 
 point of St. David's Head, 5. 
 
 AnthylUs vulneraria, Kidney Vetch : Flimston Downs, 
 3 miles from Stackpool, 6, 8. 
 
 Hypericum Androscemuvi, Tutsan St. John's Wort : 
 about Stackpool Court, 7, 8. 
 
 Inula Helenium, Elecampane : at Valley Hill near 
 Stackpool, 7, 8. 
 
 Inula crithmoides, Samphire-leaved Fleabane : on thr 
 rocks west from St. Gowan's, 8. 
 
 Osmttndn regalis, Flowering Fern : in the rocks be- 
 tween Tenby and Sandersfoot, 7. 8. 
 
 Asplenium mnrinum, Sea Spleenwort : moist rocks 
 about St. Gowan's well.
 
 RADNORSHIRE 
 
 (SOUTH WALES). 
 
 Th e contiguous counties are Montgomeryshire, Shi'opshire, 
 Herefordshire, Brecknockshire, and Cardiganshire. It is 26 
 miles long, and in breadth 31 ; circumference 86 miles, and 
 it contains 455 square miles. The air and climate are mostly 
 cold ; the northern and western parts abound in rocks and 
 mountains ; the s. and e. parts are more level and under 
 some degree of cultivation, and produce good corn. The 
 woods and hills throughout this county are celebrated for 
 game. 
 
 Presteigne, a market town, and the principal in the 
 county. Public walks in the Ch.-yard : likewise ornament- 
 ed walks upon a hill called the Warden, b.e. 
 
 Old Radnor, 2 m. s.e. from New Radnor. The broken 
 craigs of Stanmore Rock are at a short distance from this 
 place; the summit will afford the botanist many curious 
 plants, from which it has obtained the name of the Devil's 
 Garden. Ch. monuments and Screen, b.e. 
 
 New Radnor, 7 m. n.w. from Kington. Vestiges of 
 the Castle. 2 m. w. from New Radnor is the celebrated 
 cascade called Water-break-its-neck. b.e. 
 
 Aberedwy, 4 m. s.e. by s. from Builth in Brecknock- 
 shire. This is one of the most enchanting spots in the 
 principality ; nothing can exceed the picturesque beauty of 
 the scenery around this village. Near the Ch.-yard a tu- 
 mulus. Ruins of the Castle. About \ m. from the Castle is 
 Llywelyn's Cave in the Rock about 6 feet square. Builth i3 
 the proper place to make head-quarters for visiting Aber- 
 edwy and the Bachwy or Matchway Vale, &c. in the latter 
 the scenery has a savage grandeur seldom equalled. Upon 
 a hill in this dingle are the small remains of Black Rock 
 Castle, and below a cascade which falls about 30 feet ; itt 
 position is eminently grand, b.e. 
 
 Boughrood or Bach-rhyd, 8 m. w. from Hay. Thi* 
 village is most delightfully situated, particularly the ruin* 
 of the Castle, b.e. 
 
 LLAN&BrtfDon.,
 
 RADNORSHIRE. 
 
 Llandrjndod, 7 m. n.e. from Builth and 9 m. w. from 
 New Radnor. This is a fashionable water-drinking place, 
 and much frequented in the summer. Upon Llandrindod 
 Common, between the 6th and 8th mile-stones from Builth 
 to Pen-bont, are several small entrenchments, near the pool 
 of water, and many barrows. 1 m. n.w. from these, and 
 2 m. from Llandrindod, is the great Roman town at Cwm. a. 
 
 Penboxt or Pen-y-bont, 10 m. n.w. from New Rad- 
 nor. This is a posting-stage between Kington and Rhy- 
 ader ; here is a respectable inn, from whence the tourist 
 will visit the British Camp called the Gaer, in the parish 
 of Llanddewi Ystad Ennaw, 2 m. from Pen-y-bont. Near is 
 a large tumulus called Bedd y gre or Ygres Grave, b.e. 
 
 I find no account of the mineral or rare plant3 of tint 
 county; yet there certainly must be many of both, were the 
 county properly examined. The Lie/ten pitatulatnt (Singed 
 Liverwort) is found on rocks facing the south, under u tower 
 railed Keven Lees Castle,
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 The tourist will more completely traverse the beauties and 
 peculiarities of Scotland, by entering the kingdom from En- 
 gland at Northumberland, and returning by Cumberland; in 
 which order the following notes in the MS. were put toge- 
 ther: but ongoing to the prqss it was thought that for the 
 purpose of reference, especially as many in travelling unite 
 business icith their pleasure, it would facilitate the general 
 use of the Memoranda if they were placed in the first in- 
 stance in alphabetical order by counties, leaving it in the 
 poicer of any person, by giving their orders to their bookbinder, 
 to make such arrangement as should best suit their particular 
 wishes or objects; with this view each county is kept separate 
 and unpaged. This arrangement having given rise to some 
 blank parts of pages, the observant traveller may conveniently 
 apply these to his occasional remarks, or the whole work may 
 be interleaved for more general observation. 
 
 The proposed order, if the tourist enters Scotland by 
 Northumberland and returns by Cumberland, is 
 
 Roxburghshire 
 Selkirkshire 
 Peebles-shire 
 Berwickshire 
 Haddingtonshire 
 Edinburghshire 
 Linlithgowshire 
 Stirlingshire 
 Clackmannanshire 
 Kinrosshire 
 Fifeshire 
 Perthshire 
 Angvsshire or For- 
 farshire 
 Kincardineshire 
 vol. II. 
 
 Aberdeenshire 
 Banffshire 
 murrayshire 
 Nairnshire 
 Ross-shire and Cro- 
 martyshire 
 uth e r l a n ds h i R E 
 
 CAITHN ESS-SHI BE 
 
 Orkney and Shetland 
 
 Isles 
 Inverness-shire 
 Isle of Skye 
 Isles of Lewis and 
 
 Harris. 
 
 The
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 The tourist having visited the eastern and northern coun- 
 ties, will now return by the western coast towards the re- 
 maining counties of Scotland, when he will enter Cumberland, 
 beginning with 
 
 Aegyleshire 
 Isi.e of Mull 
 
 Staffa 
 
 1 IoNA 
 
 Ju RA 
 
 ISLAY 
 
 Colonsa or 
 
 Oransay 
 
 Buteshire 
 
 Dumbartonshire 
 
 Renfrewshire 
 
 Lanarkshire 
 
 Ayrshire 
 
 WlGTONSHIRE 
 
 Kirkcudbrightshire 
 Dumfries-shiue.
 
 ABERDEENSHIRE, or MAR. 
 
 This county is bleak, rugged, and mountainous, towards 
 the n j more level, yet still moorish and barren, in the e ; 
 and in the w. uniting with the lofty mountains of the in- 
 terior. It however contains much fertile land, contrasted 
 finely with wild and romantic scenery. 
 
 Kildrumy, 20 m. w. from Kintore. Fine ruins of Kil- 
 drumy Castle. Near are artificial Caves. Cob. 
 
 Chapel of Garioch, 14 m. w. from Inverary in the 
 road from Aberdeen to Huntly. Near are the ruins of Bal- 
 quhain Castle, where is one of the finest Echoes in Scot- 
 land. A curious monumental stone with sculptures, called 
 the Maiden Stone, t.g. 
 
 Inch, 12 m. n.w. from Inverurie. Near the town is the 
 noted Hill and Castle of Dun-o-Deer. t.g. 
 
 Aberdeen, a Royal Burgh. Bridge over the Don. 
 Cathedral of Old Aberdeen (David I. 1137). Cathedral in 
 St. Marchar. Pictures in King's College, t.g. Octagon 
 building with basso-relievos of the kings of Scotland in Cas- 
 tle Place. Public Walks. Handsome arch over a road be- 
 tween Castle-street and the harbour. Woodwork in the 
 Chapel of Old Aberdeen and the Library. Granite Quar- 
 ries. Fine view from the tumulus called Tillie Dron. Sal- 
 mon Weirs, p. 
 
 Slain es, 12 m. s. from Aberdeen. The Loch. Chaly- 
 beate Springs, Dropping Cave and other Caverns, t.g. 
 Near Slaincs Castle, the seat of the Earl of Errol, is the 
 very singular perforated rock of Dunbuy. Cor. 
 
 Crudf.n, 6 m. s. from Peterhead. Bullers of Buchan, 
 stupendous arched rocks, and several other natural curi- 
 osities. T.G. 
 
 Maiden Castle, 20 m. n. from Aberdeen. Halfway 
 up Ben-a-chie Hill is a sculptured stone of memorial. Cor. 
 
 Peterhead. Chalybeate springs. This is a bathing- 
 place with hot and cold baths., 1 in. distant is the Holm 
 or How of Buchan. Variety of fossil shells are found 20 or 
 30 feet above the level of the sea. t,g, Remains of Bodhara 
 s 2 Cas.tl
 
 ABERDEENSHIRE. 
 
 Castle and Inverugie Castle. Cob. Curious machine for 
 deepening the harbour. 
 
 Deer, 12 m. w. from Peterhead. Near are Druidical 
 circles, cairns, and vestiges of entrenchments, t.g. At Old 
 Deer, upon a hill near the village, is a Draidical circle 
 pretty entire. Cor. See the woods of Pitfour, where the 
 botanist will find full employment ; nor will the mineralo- 
 gist regret a short time spent in viewing the limestone 
 quarries, the granite cliffs, Skc. 
 
 Fr ase rb u kg h . A bathing-place with cold andhot baths. 
 Fine prospect from Mormond Hill. Philorth House, the seat 
 of Lord Saltoun. t.g. See the pier and artificial harbour. 
 
 Skene Parish deserves the investigation of the mine- 
 ralogist, from its medicinal springs for scorbutic complaints. 
 The picturesque tourist will admire the romantic Loch of 
 Skene ; its pike also afford much sport to the angler. 
 
 Ythan River, if traced in its various windings, will af- 
 ford much amusement to painting and fishing tourists. Its 
 scenery is romantic, its fishing good, and near its banks is 
 the Loch of Slaines already mentioned. 
 
 Aberdour, 8 m. w. by s. from Fraserburgh. Many 
 caves in the rocks upon the coast ; the cave called Cowha- 
 ven is the most remarkable. Ruins of Dundargue Castle, t.g. 
 
 Huntley, 1 m. w. from St rath bogie. Ruins of the Cas- 
 tle ; the chimneys are ornamented with curious sculpture, 
 and several of the ceilings adorned with paintings and dog- 
 grel rhymes, t.g. 
 
 Braemar, 46 m. w. from Aberdeen. Braemar Castle 
 is garrisoned by a company of foot. The rocks on the E. 
 of Braemar are exceedingly romantic. On the n. side of 
 the river lies Dalmore, distinguished by the finest natural 
 pines in Europe. This tract abounds in game. p. At the 
 top of the Vale of Braemar, a short way above Mar Lodge, 
 is the noted waterfall called Linn Dee. p. 
 
 Inverc.ui.d, 2 m. n.w. from Braemar. The views 
 from the skirts of the plain are very great ; the southern 
 extremity is pre-eminently magnificent. See the great ca- 
 taract called Garval-bourn. p. 
 
 Glknmuik, 11 m. e. from Braemar. A fine catarart 
 called Linn Muik. p. 
 
 1 1 Li.ocu or Tullich, 2 m. e. from Glen Muik. Op- 
 posite
 
 ABERDEENSHIRE. 
 
 posite is Pananich Spa with several lodging-houses, v. This 
 is a proper situation to make head-quarters for visiting the 
 beauties of Braemar Forest. In Glen Corymoulzie, not far 
 from the noble bridge opposite Mar Lodge,, is one of the 
 most charming and beautiful cascades in Scotland ; hear it 
 is a hermitage, from whence it is seen to the greatest ad- 
 vantage. In Glen-Quoich Mar Forest is another very pic- 
 turesque cascade with a bridge thrown over it. About 3 m. 
 from Mar Lodge is the Linn of Dee Cascade, before men- 
 tioned. Cor. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Oxide of manganese or gray manganese (B. M. 86) ; mi- 
 ca in the granite stones (B. M. ISO) ; cairngorum crvstals 
 (B. M. 102) ; pointed schorle (B. M. 389) ; beryl {B. M. 
 421); basaltic hornblende (B. M. 476); hyperstein or La- 
 brador hornblende {B. M. 4/7) J Siliceo-calcareous oxide 
 of titanium (B. M. 479) : near Aberdeen. 
 
 Corundum, called there Red schorle (B, il/,479) : at Ar- 
 chin door. 
 
 Feldspar and petuntse (B. M. 211,212, 213, 214) : at 
 Moneymusk. 
 
 Garnets in the Plum Pudding Rock (B. M. 43, 44) : . 
 at Huntley. 
 
 Variety of granite (R. M. 322) : at Moneymusk. 
 
 Manganese : at Old Machar. 
 
 Greenish amianthus : in Leslie parish. 
 
 Plumbago : on the banks of the Deveron. 
 
 Green and white asbestos : at Craig in Strathbogie, 
 
 Cairngorum stones : from a hill in Strathspey. 
 
 Slate ; limestone : near Braemar. 
 
 Marble quarry : on Leithhall at Kennethmont. 
 
 Freestone : at Archindour. 
 
 Asbestos : at Towcreef. 
 
 Jasper ; Amianthus : at Leslie. 
 
 Granite and feldspar : at Deer. 
 
 Pebbles and fossil shells : on the shore and in the rocks 
 at Peterhead. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Alopecurns alpinus, Alpine Foxtail Grass : mountains 
 about Loch Nagore. 
 
 Linneea borealis, Two-flowered Linnaea : Fir wood at 
 Mearns, and fir works at Craibstone, near Aberdeen, 5, 6. 
 s 3 Rubus
 
 ABERDEENSHIRE. 
 
 Ritbus svbsrectus (Linn. Trans, xi. 218) : highlands of 
 Aberdeen. 
 
 Arabia hispida, Welch Rock Cress, var. hastulata : 
 banks of the Dee. 
 
 Meum athamantlcum, Spignel : banks of the Dee. 
 
 Festuca bromoides, Barren Fescue Grass : about Aber- 
 deen, and banks of the Dee. 
 
 Primus Padns, Bird Cherry : banks of the Dee. 
 
 Rosa rubiginosa, Sweet Briar : banks of the Dee. 
 
 Rosa mollis : banks of the Dee. 
 
 Rosa rubella : banks of the Dee. 
 
 Rosa villosu, var. with smooth capsules : banks of the 
 Dee. 
 
 Pyrethrum maritlmum, Sea Feverfew : sea shores 
 about Aberdeen. 
 
 Senecio sarracenicus, Broad-leaved Groundsel : banks 
 of the Eningteer. 
 
 Gnaphalium sripinutn, Dwarf Cudweed : Glen Dee. 
 
 Juncus trifidus, Three-leaved Rush : on Brae Riach, at 
 the head of Dee. 
 
 Stellaria ccrasloides, Alpine Stitchwort: on Cairn 
 Toule, at the head of Dee. 
 
 Veronica alpina, Alpine Speedwell : on Cairn Toule, 
 at the head of Dee. 
 
 Carduus hetcrophijlhis, Melancholy Thistle : on the 
 river Galater, head of Dee. 
 
 Epilobium angustifolium, Rose-bay Willow-herb : banks 
 of the Dee.
 
 ANGUSSHiRE or FORFARSHIRE, 
 
 A maritime county, anciently inhabited by the Picts. To- 
 wards the sea-coast level and fertile, but rising into moun- 
 tainous grandeur as it recedes into the interior, where it 
 joins with a range of the Grampian Hills, from whence 
 flow a number of streams and picturesque rivulets. Its ma- 
 ritime situation gives it some commercial advantages ; and 
 its sea-coast is interesting to the picturesque tourist, while 
 the general traveller will receive much amusement, not 
 only from its modern face of improvement, but also from 
 the number of ancient mansions descriptive of times long 
 since past. The mineralogist will meet with many curious 
 pebbles ; and some fine agates on the beach near the Red- 
 head ; even silver has been discovered, but in very small 
 quantities ; and the antiquary may here view the utmost 
 northern bounds of the Roman empire. 
 
 Kettens, 4 m. e. from Coupar. At Baldowrie, a Da- 
 nish monument six feet high sculptured with figures. Huli- 
 burton House and handsome plantations, t.g. 
 
 Dundee, aroyalburgh. Light-houses. Sugar-house. 
 Magnificent tower of the old Ch. n. from Dundee the 
 ruins of Balumb Castle. A monumental stone to the me- 
 mory of Camus a Danish commander. 2g m. distant the 
 ruins of a fort called Brough Tay Crag. p. 
 
 Glames, 5 m. s.w. from Forfar. Castle. Malcolm's 
 Obelisk in the Ch.-yard; also another near Glames. 1 m. 
 from Glames, St. Orland's Stone, an obelisk rudely carved. 
 2 in, distant is Denoon Castle, t.g. In the bank of the ri-. 
 vulct near the village of Essie is a curious sculptured stone. 
 Cob. 
 
 Forfar, a royal burgh. The Castle and several lakes 
 jn the parish, t.g. 5 m. n. ruins of Finhaven Castle. 5| m. 
 a carved pillar in Aberlemni Ch.-yard and roadside, v. 
 
 Aberhrothwick, a royal burgh. Grand and pictu- 
 resque ruins of the Abbey (Will, the Lyon, 11/8). Cha- 
 lybeate
 
 ANGUSSHIRE. 
 
 lybeate springs, t.o. See a fine sea view from the top of 
 St. Vigean's Hill or Dickmount Law, with a prospect ex- 
 tending northward into the fertile plain of Inverkeilor, to- 
 wards Ethie House, seat of the Earl of Northesk ; near 
 which, at the mouth of the river Lunan, see Red Castle, 
 venerable in its ruins; also some Danish remains, reli- 
 gious buildings, and the curious caves in the rocks near 
 Redhead. 
 
 Guthrie, 6 m. s. from Brechin. Fine prospect from 
 Guthrie Hill. On the moor vestiges of a Roman Camp. t.g. 
 
 Brechin, 12 m. n.e. from Ferfar. Ancient Bridge. 
 Pictish Pillar similar to those circular pillars in Ireland, p. 
 (Vide plate.) See the antique Castle, on a steep hill, be- 
 longing to the Panmure family. 
 
 Mexmvir, 7 m. n.w. from Brechin. Upon hills near 
 are those famous camps White Caterthun and Black Ca- 
 terthun, supposed by Mr. King in his Munhnenta Antiqua 
 to be British ; they are extremely well worth visiting, t.g. 
 
 Edzell, 6 m. x. by w. from Brechin. Magnificent ruins 
 of the Castle. In several places Druidical circles, t.g. 
 
 Glenisla,20 m. w.from Brechin. Reeky Lin, a remark- 
 able cataract, falls 80 feet. Ruins of Foster and Newtown 
 Castles, t g. 
 
 Panmi:re, 4 m. s.w. from Aberbrothwick. Panmure 
 House has some excellent portraits and extensive planta- 
 tions, p. 
 
 Montrose, a royal burgh. A large mount called the 
 Fort Hill. Beneath the cliff's beautiful agates are found, p. 
 
 The tourist must not omit to visit an interesting high- 
 land district, tracing it along the banks of the Esk through 
 the parishes of Clova and Cortadry, amidst the sequestered 
 dells of the Grampian Hills. Also the district of Airly, for 
 Airly House, ruins of Balrie Castle, and a beneficial agri- 
 cultural discovery a stratum of shell marie 16 feet thick, 
 in Balrie Moss. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Red laumonite (B. M. 446): near Forfar. 
 Porphyry and Scotch pebbles : on the hills of Balgray 
 find Blackness. 
 
 Gray slate : at Glames. 
 
 RAKE
 
 ANGUSSHIRE. 
 
 RAKE PLANTS. 
 
 Eriopkorum alpinum, Alpine Cotton-grasi : turfy oog 
 3 m. e. from Forfar, 4, 5. 
 
 PAjVM7MicAe/,MicheliauCatsfoot Crass: Clova moun- 
 tains. 
 
 Aira levigata, Smooth-sheathed Hair-grass : Clova 
 mountains, 5, G. 
 
 Arena phniculmis, Flat-strawed Oat-grass : Clova 
 mountains. 
 
 Saxifrcga platypetala, Brcad-petaled Saxifrage: Clova 
 mountains. 
 
 Saxifragapedatifida, Pedatifid Saxifrage: Clova moun- 
 tains, 5. 
 
 Arenaria fastigiata, Level-topped Sandwort : Clova 
 mountains, 6. 
 
 Lychnis alpina, Red Alpine Campion : Clova moun- 
 tains on the rock3 near the summit, 7- 
 
 Ranunculus alpestris, Alpine White Crowfoot: rocks on 
 Clova mountains, 4, 5. 
 
 Cochlearia grcenlandica, Greenland Scurvy-grass : Clo- 
 va mountains and at Loch-ne-gara, 8. 
 
 Galium spurium, Smooth-seeded Corn Bedstraw: corn- 
 fields near Forfar, 6, 7- 
 
 Saxifraga elongata, Long-stalked Saxifrage : on a rock 
 by Lintrathen river 1 m. from Airly Castle, 6. 
 
 Lychnis Viscaria, Red German Catchfly : at Craig Hall 
 near Blairgowrie, 5, 6. 
 
 Potentilla tridentata, Trifid-leaved Cinquefoil : upon 
 Werron mountain, 4, 5. 
 
 Astragalus campestris, Yellow Mountain Milk-vetch : 
 rock at the head of Clova near the White Water, 6, 7- 
 
 Crepis pulchra, Small-flowered Hawk weed : Turin Hill 
 near Forfar, 6, 9. 
 
 Anthemis tinctoria, Ox-eye Chamomile : near Forfar, 
 7,8. 
 
 Eqmsetum variegatum, Variegated Horsetail : Barry 
 Sands on the sea coast.
 
 ARGYLESHIRE or INVERARY, 
 
 Much intersected by the sea, winding in various forms 
 round the base of its stupendous mountains which rise into 
 savage grandeur in the interior. Here may the picturesque 
 tourist indulge himself in all the wildness of Nature, whilst 
 the pale ghosts of Ossian's days are moaning in the wintry 
 storm or sighing in the summer breeze. The artist too 
 may here copy scenes in which Salvator Rosa would have 
 delighted : here may he view hill beyond hill in mighty 
 amphitheatre, whilst the torrent dashes from the rocky 
 steeps over brown heath, rushing through the narrow val- 
 leys, and carrying fertility to the lowland plains. In the 
 various lochs fishing always presents amusement. The mo- 
 ralist may here trace the almost faded picture of ancient 
 Highland manners. The antiquary also will find food for 
 research in the numerous ruins of cairns, &c. 
 
 Kilmalie, 3 m. n. from Fort William. Part of this pa- 
 rish is situate in Inverness-shire. Nearly opposite Fort Wil- 
 liam is Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Great Britain ; 
 great part of it is composed of porphyry of different colours. 
 Here are also very beautiful red granite, and a variety of rare 
 plants, t.g. The hills in this district afford most extensive 
 and varied prospects over land and ocean, with the rocky 
 Hebrides in the distance. See the Herring Fishery, and 
 Salmon also, in its Lochs ; and omit not the curious marble 
 rock close to the farm-house of Ballachellish. 
 
 Fort William stands upon the e. side of Loch Eil. 
 From hence you may visit Ben Nevis 
 
 Strontian, 20 in. s.w.from Fort William at the head of 
 Loch Sunart. Strontian Mines, where is a particular spe- 
 cies of barytes called strontites ; on the hills fine asbesto3 
 and talc studded with garnets, t.g. 
 
 Lismore and Appin, 30 m. n.w. by n. from Inverary. 
 Visit the celebrated Vale of Glenco near the head of Loch 
 Etive, one of the most picturesque glens in the Highlands-; 
 see on the left a vast cataract called the Water of Boan. p. 
 Ruins of Dunstaffiiage Castle. At the Castles of Achin- 
 duin and Kingerloch are remarkable echoes which repeat 
 6 or 8 syllables. T.a, 
 
 Ardchattan,
 
 ARGYLESHIRE. 
 
 ARDc^AtTAN, 20 m. x.w, by n. from Inverary. The 
 mountain Cruachan Ben, -"with its double top, bas many 
 curious plants upon it. Vast number of Druidical remains 
 are in this district, t.g. At Bunaw near the n. end of Loch 
 Awe is a large salmon-fishery, and a considerable iron- 
 foundry, p. 
 
 Kilhridk, 20 m. x.w. by n. from Inverary. The har- 
 
 . hour of Oban, from whence you take boat to Staifa Isle. 
 
 Dunstaffnage and Ardintrave are in this parish. At Dun- 
 
 staffnage an old Castle, and near it a remarkable echo, as 
 
 mentioned above, t.g. 
 
 Glenokchy, 15 m. n. from Inverary. At the e. end of 
 Loch Awe stands the famous Castle of Kilchurn. In the 
 Inland of Inishail remains of a monastery, t.g. In the Ch.- 
 yard are some ancient grave-stones worthy notice, p. A few 
 days may be agreeably spent at the inn of Dalmally, amidst 
 lofty hills finely contrasted with cultivated fields and dells 
 resounding to the miniature cascades of " wimpling burns." 
 From hence too, rambling into Lochgoil, the geologist may 
 examine the several varieties of granite, moorstone, spar,&c. 
 
 Kilchrenan, 10 m. ti.xv. by x. from Inverary. The 
 
 majestic ruin of a Castle nearly covered with ivy upon the 
 Island of Inis-connel in Loch Awe. Lochavish is a hand- 
 some sheet of water, with islands and ruins of a Castle.T.G. 
 
 Craignish, 13 m. w. from Inverary. There are many 
 fortified eminences in th"i3 district, supposed to be Danish 
 forts. Near General Campbell's house is a cluster of gray 
 stones of memorial, t.g. 
 
 Inverary, the county town. Castle of Inverary, the 
 magnificent mansion of the Duke of Argyle, with its fine 
 plantations, in which is Dunichoich Hillcrowned bya square 
 tower; the view from it is very extensive. See the pictu- 
 resque Glen Shiray, and romantic vale of Essachoscn, 
 at the upper end there is a fine cascade. In the town is a 
 monument to the massacre of the Campbells. 1 in. from 
 the town is a marble quarry, t.g. [There are good inns at 
 Dalmally, Tyndrum, Killin, and Kenmore, all in the road 
 -from Inverary to Inverness.] 
 
 Strachur or Stralachan, n. from Kilfinanon the banks 
 of Loch Pyne. In this parish are several curious caves. t.g. 
 
 Skipnms, 8 m. s. from Tarbet. Noble ruins of the Cas- 
 tle and remains of the Abbey, t.g. 
 
 Southend,
 
 ARGYLESHIRE. 
 
 Southend, 7 m. s. from Campbleton. Caves and Da- 
 nish forts along the coast. Dunavesty Ca3tle; near the Cas- 
 tle is a bank of coral rock. t.g. 
 
 Campbleton presents a pretty picture of commerce and 
 industry. In its vicinity the antiquary will find numerous 
 remains of Danish fortifications. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Stilbite or foliated zeolite (B. M. 258) ; staurolite or 
 harmstone (B. M. 1 10) ; carbonate of strontian : Strou- 
 tian mines. 
 
 Slate quarries : at Easdale and Balachuli3h. 
 
 Lead mines : at Strontian and Hay. 
 
 Marble : near Ballachellisb, and 1 m. from Inverary. 
 
 Strontites a species of barytes : at Strontian. 
 
 Asbestos ; talc studded with garnets : on the hill near 
 the Strontian mines. 
 
 Tirie marble : in the Island of Tirie. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Azalea procumbens, Trailing Azalea: on Benchroachau 
 mountain, J. 
 
 Salix myrsinitcs, Whortle-leaved Willow: mountains or 
 Glenco, 5, 6. 
 
 Cerastium alpinum, Alpine Chickweed : mountains of 
 Glenco, 6, 7- 
 
 Dryos octopetala, Mountain Avens : on Carn-dearg ia 
 Glen Crenan, and near the top of Malmorein Glenco, 7> 8. 
 
 Bartsia viscosa, Yellow viscid Bartsia : in bogs and 
 marshes about Loch Coyl near Loch Long, 7, 8. 
 
 Hypericum Androscemum, Park-leaved Tutsan : woods 
 at Inverary, 7, 8. 
 
 Hierachtm alpinum, Alpine Hawkweed: near the top of 
 Bedan-nan-bian the highest mountain in Glenco, J. 
 
 Serratula alpina, Alpine Saw-wort : on Malmore in 
 Glenco, 7, 8. 
 
 Gnaphalium alpinum, Alpine Cudweed : mountains in 
 Glenco, 7- 
 
 Satyrium albidum, White Satyrion: Isthmus of Tarbat,6. 
 
 Astragalus campestris, Yellow Mountain Milk Vetch: 
 on Carn-dearg in Glencrenan, Upper Lorn, 6, 7- 
 
 VOL. II. %
 
 AYRSHIRE. 
 
 If not so romantic in all parts as some of the other coun- 
 ties n. of Tweed, yet this shire presents a fine field for the 
 statist and moralist, in tracing the effects of commerce and 
 manufacture upon the soil and upon the people. The pic- 
 turesque tourist, however, need not fear amusement in hi 
 own way, particularly in that district distinguished as Car- 
 rick, the scenery and localities of which have been immor- 
 talized by the Ayrshire Ploughman. The poetic traveller 
 will also delight in treading the steps of his favourite 
 Burns, as he rambles on the "banks of Doom." Observe the 
 new works executing at Troon, near Irvine, where a har- 
 bour is constructing, with railways into the interior. Every 
 where also are interspersed numerous remains of antiqui- 
 ty in cairns, Danish forts, Druidical circles, and less an- 
 cient religious ruins. 
 
 Colmonel, 4 m. n.e. by n, from Ballantree. Near are 
 the Castles of Carleton, Knockdow, and Kirkhill : also 
 several Cairns, and the vestiges of two British Camps, t.g* 
 
 Maybole, 11 m. n. from Girvan. Ruins of the Coll. 
 Ch. of Miniboil (1441), and Castle of Greenand. 3m.s.w. 
 at Kirkoswald, the ruins of Turnbervy Fort, and Abbey of 
 Crossraguel (1244), the most entire in the west of Scot- 
 land. Near is the elegant Castle of Culzean, the seat of 
 the Earl of Cassilis, with its handsome pleasure-grounds. 
 
 T.G. 
 
 Di'xdonald, 8 m. n. from Ayr. Dundonald Castle. 
 Prospect from the hills. Mr. Fullertons temple on the 
 Troon, t.g. 
 
 Dalmei.lington, 11 m. s.e. from Ayr. Beautiful moat 
 surrounded by a foss, and several Cairns in the parish, t.g. 
 
 Muirkirk, 22 m. e. by n. from Ayr.- Extensive iron- 
 vorks. Manufactories of coal-tar, lamp-black, brown paint, 
 &:c. T.G. 
 
 Loudoun, 4 m. e. from Kilmarnock. On the top of a 
 hill is a Druidical circle. Fine library in Loudon House. 
 
 T.G. 
 
 t 2 KlLMASNOCK,
 
 AYRSHIRE. 
 
 Kilmarnock, 11m. N.from Ayr. A stone pillar called 
 Sowles Cross. Carpet Manufactory. 6 m. n. the ruins of 
 Kirila Castle, t.g. 
 
 Ardros3an, 2 m. n.w. from Saltcoats. A watering- 
 place with excellent baths, t.g. 
 
 West Kilbride, 6 m. n. from Saltcoats. Ardneel 
 Bank. Glen of Southannen. In the island of Cambray 
 are several caves, t.g. 
 
 Dalry, 10 m. n.w. from Kilmarnock. Curious Cave in 
 a limestone rock at Auchinskeith. t.g. 
 
 Kilburnie, 10 m. n.e. by n. from Saltcoats. Castle of 
 Kilburnie and extensive pleasure-grounds, t.g. 
 
 Largs, 12 m. n. from Saltcoats. Romantic glen, and 
 cascade, at Kelburn, a seat belonging to the Glasgow fa- 
 mily. The cascade falls 50 feet perpendicular. See the 
 ruins of the old Castle of Kilmorly. t.g. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Snake stone slate, (B. M. 354) ; coal ; limestone ; shell 
 marl ; freestone : at Kirkmichael. 
 
 Whetstone, called Water-of-Ayr stone, much admired by 
 cutlers : at Stair. 
 
 Sandstone remarkably fine : at Stevenston. 
 
 Limestone abounding with petrifactions : at Beith. 
 
 Coal ; limestone ; iron stone : at Kyle. 
 
 Limestone with a variety of petrifactions : at Ne\? 
 Cummock on Lord Dumfries' grounds.
 
 BANFFSHIRE 
 
 Is a more open county than its neighbours,' and agreeably 
 interspersed with numerous streams descending from the 
 alpine heights, to the southward. Here may the minera- 
 logist visit the mountain of Cairngorum, whose productions 
 are now so much in request both for science and for orna- 
 ment. Near Portsoy he will be particularly gratified by a 
 variety of specimens to be picked up at tbe quarries of 
 limestone, marble, and granite. The roads are good, and 
 communications easy. 
 
 Banff (a royal burgh) is wild and singularly situated, 
 uniting the bold and picturesque, and strongly marked by 
 the appearance of antiquity Seat of the Earl of Findlater, 
 formerly the Castle. Duff House, a noble seat of the Earl 
 of Fife, t.g. Craigstone Castle has some good portraits. 
 Ruins of Boyne Casile, with historical subjects painted 
 upon its inner walls. Rocks and caverns at Trouphead, 
 and near Banff. Cor. 
 
 Portsoy, 4 m. w. from Banff. Near is a large stratum 
 of marble, in which asbestos is sometimes found, p. 
 
 Cullen, a rojal burgh. Cullen House, the principal 
 seat of the Earl of Findlater, has some valuable paintings. 
 P'ine view from the mountain adjoining the park. t.g. 
 Near Cullen are the ruins of Findlater Castle, on a high 
 rock. Three rocks called the Kings of Cullen. Cairns on 
 Cotton Hill : near them are two Druidical circles called 
 Gaetcross. Upon Durnhill a very curious triple camp. p. 
 
 Deskford, 6 m. s. by w. from Cullen. Here are the 
 ruins of two old Castles, t.g. 
 
 Fochabers, a royal burgh. Ch. and Gordon Castle, 
 Fine Bridge. 1 m. from the Castle, vestiges of a Roman 
 Camp. t.g. 
 
 Mortlach, 12 m. s. from Fochabers. Balvanie Castle, 
 an elegant seat of the Earl of Fife : near are the ruins of the 
 old Castle. Ruins of Auchindown Castle. 
 
 Rothiemay, 6 m. n. from Strathbogie. Rothiemay 
 Castle (another seat of the Earl of Fife) has some valuable 
 paintings, t.g. 
 
 t 3 MINERALS,
 
 BANFFSHIRE. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Indurated steatite (B. M. 389) : at Portsoy 4 m. from 
 Banff. 
 
 Amianthus in serpentine rocks (B. M. 121, 123) : at 
 Portsoy. 
 
 Woodlike amianthus or asbestos (J3. M. 124) : at 
 Portsoy. 
 
 Painted schorle, (B. M. 389) : at Portsoy. 
 
 Green serpentine : at Portsoy. 
 
 Marble : at Portsoy. 
 
 Scotch topazes (B. M. 363) : on Cairngorum. 
 
 Red oxide of titanium, or rutile (B. M. 488) : on Cairn- 
 gorum. 
 
 Slate quarry : s. from Gartly Church. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Alenziesia ccpmlea, Scottish Menziesia : at Aviemore 
 in Strathspey, 6, 7- 
 
 Pyrola secuiida, Serrated Wintergreen : Dunnaim 
 hill in Doomvay Forest near Brodie House, 7- 
 
 Pyrola umjiora, Single-flowered Wintergreen : near 
 Brodie House and Gordon Castle, J. 
 
 Hierachim aurantiacum, Orange Hawkweed : Craigston 
 near Turref and other woods, 7-
 
 BERWICKSHIRE. 
 
 This county presents much interesting research to the ad- 
 mirer of Border history; scarce a hill that does not possess 
 its old baronial den, and not a tower or turret that has not 
 been celebrated in the Border ballads Its sea-coast also 
 deserves the examination of the geologist. Antiquarian 
 and picturesque ramblers may trace the Lammermuir Hills j 
 and there, even the unfortunate rambler after health may 
 find solace, and perhaps recovery, from the goats' whey for 
 which this district has long been famous. On the shores 
 round Coldingham and its district the epicure may catch 
 and eat his fish in perfection. In Lauderdale are often met 
 with fossil antiquities of remote ages ; here also are a va- 
 riety of mineraiogical specimens deserving the notice of the 
 collector. 
 
 Cockburnspath, 11m. N.w. from Eymouth, The fa- 
 mous Pease Bridge. 1 m. from the bridge are the ruins 
 of an ancient Castle. Ruins of Auld Canibus Ch. See 
 the strata of rocks at Sickar Point, t.g. 
 
 Mordington, 4 m. n.w. from Berwick. Remains of 
 a Danish Camp. Edington Castle and Witches Know Hill. 
 
 T.G. 
 
 Duxse, 13 m. w. from Berwick. Dimse Castle. Ed- 
 win's Hall on Cockburn Hill, supposed to be Pictish. 
 IXmse Spa. t.g. 
 
 Home, 10 m. s. from Dunse. ^Remains of Home Castle, 
 commanding a fine prospect. Lundie Cra ;s, composed of 
 basaltic columns, t.g. 
 
 Merton, 1 1 m. s,by w from Greenlaw. Plantations ia 
 Merton Park, and fine ruins of Dryburgh Abbey, p. 
 
 Leader Fort or Thirlstane Castle, the seat of the 
 Lauderdale family, is worth seeing, and recalls many cu- 
 rious historical anecdotes. Near it are the remains of the 
 mansion of Sir Thomas Lairmont, better known as Thomas 
 the Rhymer: part of the house (Rhymer's Tower) will 
 gratify curiosity, 
 
 CoLrSTREAM
 
 BERWICKSHIRE. 
 
 Coldstream in this county (a mean town to appearance) 
 Is important in historical remembrance, in being the sta- 
 tion taken by General Monk previous to King Charles's 
 Restoration, at which place many men were raised ; and to 
 this day one of the regiments of Guards bears its name. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Schistus; sandstone : at Sickarpoint in Cockburnspath 
 parish. 
 
 Puddingstone ; granite : at Eymouth. 
 
 Basaltic columns : at Lundie Cra'gs in Home parish, 
 
 Freestone :~-at Mortoun.
 
 BUTESHIRE. 
 
 The Isle of Bute, Isle of Arran, the greater and the lesser 
 Cumbray, and Inch Marnoc, form a county. This shire and 
 Caithness send a member to parliament alternately. 
 
 BUTE is about 20 m. in length, and 5 broad in general. 
 It contains many antiquities, but possesses little of the pic- 
 turesque, though certainly interesting to the tourist who 
 wishes to trace the progress of agricultural improvement, 
 and the benefits resulting from judicious conduct on the 
 part of a landlord, whose generous forbearance towards 
 the tenantry some years ago, and active support in agri- 
 cultural expenditure, are now amply repaid to his suc- 
 cessor. The climate is temperate ; but the local position 
 of the island subjects it to almost continual tempests of 
 wind and rain, that check the farmer's hope, and also the 
 tourist's progress and comfort. 
 
 Mount Stewart, the seat of the Earl of Bute. From the 
 hill of Cil-chattan is a fine view. 
 
 Kil'sa.rth. Ruin of the Ch. Near is a circular inclo- 
 sure called the Devil's Cauldron, made of stone but without 
 mortar. 
 
 Rothsay (the capital of the island). Fine remains of the 
 Castle. [See a plate of it in Pennant's Foyage\. 
 
 ISLE OF ARRAN. Castle upon the edge of Loch Ran- 
 za Bay. [See a view of it in Pennant's Voyags7\ A very 
 singular stone called Mac Brolehiu's Stone, with a rude 
 carving. At a place called Moni-quil is a small Druidical 
 circle. In Tormore plain are four circles of stones : near 
 these is a double circle, with a mound in the lesser; not far 
 from the above are the reliques of a stone chest. At a 
 small distance further is a cairn of most stupendous size, 
 formed of great pebbles. Upon the western coast near 
 Druim-anduin is a round lower. The beach is hollowed 
 into vast caves : one called King's Cave, for having afforded 
 Robert Bruce shelter before he defeated Baliol, is 120 feet 
 long, 60 high, and 48 wide; several antique figures are cut 
 on the rock, Fingal's Cave. At Feorlingis another stupen- 
 dous
 
 BUTESHIRE 
 
 <Ious cairn. On the plain of Glen-cloy are five tumuli or 
 barrows. About 1 m. from Mr. Fullerton's is a spot called 
 Torr-an-schian Castle, surrounded by a great stone dyke. 
 Goatfield, one of the highest hills, is 1840 feet above the 
 level of the sea, upon which are found the C&irngorum 
 fitones. On the side of the hill of Dunfuin facing the bay 
 of Lamlash is a curious cairn with cells upon the top, each 
 covered with a single flat stone. The minerals are moor- 
 atone, millstone, and red gritstone ; iron ore, carbonate of 
 barytes, breccia, and a variety of sardonyxes : there is like- 
 wise a vast stratum of corals and shells. The Scrapias 
 grandiflora (or White-flowered Helleborine) grows in a 
 wood at Loch Ranza, Glassy pitchstone (U. M. 356) found 
 upon the island.
 
 CAITHNESS-SHIRE. 
 
 Thjs county lies far out of the line of modern tourists, yet 
 is in many respects deserving of notice, presenting nume- 
 rous monuments of the Danish and Norwegian times. The 
 ebserver of Nature's wonders will derive much amusement 
 from the investigation of the boisterous currents that dash 
 through the Pentland Frith ; and there is much room for 
 geologicalconjecture andcomparison in the extensive vales, 
 and rugged promontories that seem to rush into the Hy- 
 perborean Ocean. Its hills are not very lofty, except in the 
 southern districts; but they contain what may be termed a 
 virgin field for the mineralogist. Here too may be traced 
 much agricultural industry, which deserves a more genial 
 climate. Sir John Sinclair's improvements are highly 
 worthy of notice. 
 
 Berrydale, 30 m. n.w. from Dornoch. The inn at 
 Berrydale is a new clean house. Near is a picturesque 
 ruin. t.g. Near Clathron is a stupendous stone of memo- 
 rial. 5 m. x. from Berrydale is Dunbeth Castle. Near is 
 an entire Picts house, with the hollow in the top ; it is called 
 the Bwurg of Dunbeth. r. 
 
 Clvthness, the next village to Dunbeth. On the coast 
 is a curious rock column, and romantic fall of a rivulet. 
 The rocks and cliffs near Oldwick Castle are singularly 
 wild and hideous. Cob. 
 
 Lath rone, 9 m. n. from Berrydale. Harold Tower. 
 At the Loch of Stemster is a very perfect Druidical circle. 
 3 m. n. at Easton Clythe, near the sea, is Guns Castle, Po 
 
 Wick, a royal burgh. Near is Guernigo Castle, Aker- 
 gH House, the seat of Sir Wm. Dunbar, is worthy notice, 
 15 m. w. is Dilred Castle, upon the top of a circular rock 
 tising out of the banks of the river Thurso. 2 m. from 
 Watten towards the coast is a complete circular fort of turf. 
 iSce the Hill of many Stones, 20 rows and 20 in each row. 
 Cor. 
 
 I'Rp.swit'K, 9 m. n. from Wick. Remain* of FretwJ&ic 
 Castle, Beneath the cliffe are curious insulated columns
 
 CAITHNESS-SHIRE. 
 
 called the Stacks, hollowed so as to form magnificent 
 arches, and the bases of some dry at low water, p. 
 
 Cannesby, 2 m. w. from John O'Groat's House. Upon 
 the shore here and at Dungshy are many curious shells. Po. 
 
 Dunnet, 10 m. w. from Cannesby. Upon the promon- 
 tory of Dunnet Head are the remains of a hermitage. 
 
 Thurso, 37m. w.from Dungsby Head, or John O'Groat's 
 House. Thurso Castle, the seat of Sir John Sinclair, lit. 
 Upon a hill at a distance is the turreted monument over 
 Harold's Grave, t.g. 3 m. w. is the old tower of Brines. 
 Po. Between Thurso and Scrabster are many horrid ca- 
 verns and noble caves ; also insulated columns on the 
 coast. Cor. 
 
 Far, n.e. of Strathey. Near the highway is a sepul- 
 chral stone with a cross upon it. Po. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Spar with a phosphoric quality: in the brook of Stemp- 
 8ter. 
 
 This county certainly contains many rare plants, but 1 do 
 not find them recorded by any author.
 
 CLACKMANNANSHIRE. 
 
 'This is one of the smallest counties in the northern divi- 
 sion of our island; and not in the direct line of the tourist 
 to the Highlands, unless he takes the route from Stirling 
 visiting Kinross-shire and Fifcsliire to Perth, when in- 
 deed it is traversed almost as rapidly by the foot as by the 
 eye, its greatest length being D miles, and its breadth 
 6 miles. Yet it is not deficient in interest, especially 
 in its fertile plains on the banks of Forth contrasting 
 with the wild scenery of the Ochil Hills, which latter de- 
 Serve the investigation of the mineralogist, who will find 
 red and gray granite on.the summit of these mountains, and 
 may also amuse himself with the coal mines in the valleys,, 
 where are found iron-stone, copper, cobalt, and lead (said 
 to contain a small portion of silver). Till lately the county 
 was partly agricultural and principally pastoral ; but the 
 working of the iron and coal mines is leading to improve- 
 ment, especially in respect to the roads an object of im- 
 portance to invalids, who in this temperate climate may de- 
 rive more advantage from the goats' whey than in more 
 northern Highland districts round Perth. Here too may 
 the picturesque tourist find subjects for his portfolio on the 
 banks of the Dovon, a truly pastoral river as described by 
 Kewte, which rises in the Ochils, running in a s.e. direc- 
 tion, sometimes rushing precipitately down the broken decli- 
 vities of the mountains, and at others winding gently in the 
 bottoms between them. " The scenery," adds Mr. Newte, 
 *' is almost everywhere delightful ; the verdure is luxuriant, 
 and the variegated ground feasts the eye at every step with 
 a novelty of prospect." Let the traveller particularly notice 
 the Gates of Muckhart the communication between this 
 county and the interesting district of Stratherne, where the 
 river descends into the vale, when it takes a remarkable 
 dire, tion in one place, pursuing, as supposed of the Niger, 
 a course precisely opposite to its former one ; here called 
 Crook of Dovon. 
 
 Alloa parish contains no town, of any note; but the tra- 
 veller may visit the Tower of Alloa, belonging- to the Kr- 
 vol. 11. u skincs
 
 CLACKMANNANSHIRE. 
 
 skines of Mar, with the modernized gardens, well-timbered 
 parks; and the neighbouring industrious establishments in 
 iron and coal, a glass-house, tile->works, &c. 
 
 Clackmannan. The old Tower, in which are shown 
 the great sword and casque of the celebrated Robert 
 Bruce; also the two-handed sword of Sir John de Graham. 
 
 T.G. 
 
 Dollar, 7 ni. n.e. by n. from Clackmannan. Beauti- 
 ful glens and wood around the Tower of Castle Campbell, 
 or Castle Gloom, surrounded by the Water of Care. This 
 castle is approached by a winding narrow sheep-path, now 
 a majestic and frowning ruin. Mrs. Radcliffe's celebrated 
 ** Castle of Udolpho " does not surpass this in the dreary 
 ideas and horrors of the evils of feudal times we are apt 
 to associate with such views, t.g. 
 
 In this county is a natural cataract formed by the Dovan 
 or Devon at Cauldron Linn, resembling those of the Nile 
 in Egypt. Vide Tullybole, Kinross-shire, for the way to this 
 and other curious objects. Dr. Garnet in his Tour describes 
 these fully. The tourist will turn to vol. ii. p. 142.
 
 DUMBARTONSHIRE. 
 
 This county has been more visited by picturesque tourist* 
 than any other in Scotland, on account of Loch Lomond, 
 too often described to require illustration. The mineralo- 
 gist will not omit to examine the hill or rock of Dumbar- 
 ton, whose basaltic columns are so impregnated with iron 
 as to possess a magnetic quality. The specimens of zeo- 
 lite and prehnite which it affords will add to the collector's 
 treasures. 
 
 Dumbarton (a royal burgh). The famous Rock and 
 Castle, t.g. Glass Manufactory, h.g. 
 
 Cabdross, 3 m. n.w. from Dumbarton. Monument of 
 the celebrated Dr. Smollet near the village of Renton. t.g. 
 
 Kilmarnock, 10 m. n.e. from Dumbarton. Buchan- 
 nan House, the seat of the Duke of Montrose. Near are 
 the remains of some ancient Castles, t.o, 
 
 Luss, 15 m. n. from Dumbarton. Here is a very good 
 inn situated upon the banks of Loch Lomond, one of the 
 most beautiful lakes in the kingdom, (which is in the centre 
 of the county, 24 m. n. to s. from 7 to 2 e. and w). It has 
 thirty islands, three of which have churches; it abounds 
 with fish, and its banks are lined with fishermen. Near 
 are slate quarries, t.g. Ascend the Mountain Ben Lo- 
 mond for a fine view of the Lake. Upon the top grow the 
 Sibbaldia procumbent, and many other rare plants. If the 
 tourist has leisure, he should ride to the eminence of MiU 
 legs to see the rich prospect, p. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Prehnite (B. M. 193, 196) : at Dumbarton. 
 Mineral Tar (B. M. 361) : at Dumbarton. 
 Slate ; freestone : at Luss. 
 
 Coal ; limestone ; freestone ; iron-stone : at Kirkin- 
 tilloch. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Azalea procumbent, Trailing Azalea: on Ben Lomond,/. 
 v 2 Sibbaldia
 
 D UMBARTON S5H1RE. 
 
 Sibbaldia procumbcns, Procumbent Sibbaldia : on Ben 
 Lomond, J. 
 
 Junais spicatus, Spiked Rush : on Ben Lomond, 7- 
 
 Epilobium alpinum, Alpine Willow-herb : on Ben Lo- 
 mond, G, " . 
 
 Saxifraga nivalis, Clustered Alpine Saxifrage :-*-on the 
 west side of the tcp of Ben Lomond, 7- 
 
 Saxifraga hypnoidcs, Mossy Saxifrage : on Ben Lo- 
 mond, 5, 6. 
 
 Salix hcrbacca, Least Willow : on Een Lomond, 6*. 
 
 Irnperatoria OstrutMtiw, Masterwort : about Ardenca- 
 ple.on the banks of the Clyde, G. 
 
 Trientalis europcea, Winter Green duckweed : about 
 one mile up Ben Lomond, 5, (J. 
 
 Epilubhmi alpinum, Alpine Willow-herb : about two- 
 thirds up Ben Lomond, G, J. 
 
 Saxifraga stelkiris, Hairy Saxifrage : from about half- 
 way up quite to the summit of lien Lomond, (i, 7- 
 
 Saxifraga oppotsitifoliu, Purple Saxifrage : on Ben Lo- 
 mond, 4. 
 
 Silene acanliti, Moss Campion : half-way from the top 
 of Ben Lomond, G, J. 
 
 Sedum riibens (of Lightfoot), Red Stonecrop : upon 
 Ross Island in Loch Lomond, /. 
 
 Cerastiwn alpinum, Alpine Chickweed : summit of Ben 
 Lomond, 6, 7- 
 
 Rtilms (Jhamcemoms, Cloud Berries : onBen Lomond, 6". 
 
 Osmunda regalia, Flowering Tern : at Camstraden by 
 the Side of Loch Lomond, 7> "* 
 
 Hymenopftyllum Tnnbrigensc, Tunbridge Filmy-leaf ; . 
 by the. side of rivulets as you ascend Ben Lomond.
 
 DUMFRIES-SHIRE, 
 
 (which includes ANNANDALE and NIDDISDALE). 
 
 ^his county is perhaps the most frequented by Southern 
 travellers of any in Scotland ; for here have the wreaths of 
 Cupid and the chains of Hymen been often clenched upon 
 the blacksmith's anvil ! Those, however, whose objects lead 
 them beyond Gretna Green will derive much amusement 
 from the scenery, antiquities, mineralogy, &c. 
 
 Sanquhar, 30 m.N.w. from Dumfries. The Mines- of 
 Wanlockhead are in this parish; the limestone contains a 
 number of petrified shells. Crichton Castle is worthy a 
 visit. T.G. 
 
 Pen font, 16 m. n.w. from Dumfries. Glenquhargen 
 Craig is one of the greatest curiosities in this part of Scot- 
 land. There are many picturesque views in this parish, t.g. 
 
 Tynhon, 8 m. s. from Sanquhar. A Roman Causeway 
 runs through the parish from east to west. The Doon is a 
 beautiful pyramidal hill, it formerly contained a castle; the 
 view from it is very extensive. The cascade called Aird 
 Lin is worthy notice, t.g. 
 
 Closeburn, 11 m. n.w. from Sanquhar. Chirchup 
 Lin, a cascade extremely well worth visiting ; it falls be- 
 tween 80 and DO feet, in a veiy romantic situation, t.g. 
 
 Dumfries (a royal burgh). Theatre. 1 m. E. is Maiden 
 Bower Craig. Near are the ruins of several Castles. 
 
 Caerlaverock, 7 na. s. from Dumfries. Curious old 
 Castle. The Fort is richly adorned with sculpture, t.g. 
 
 Lochmaben, 8 m. n.e. from Dumfries. Near the town, 
 site of Spedlin's Castle. Castle Loch contains 15 or 16 
 different sorts of fish ; one is called Vendise, similar, but 
 superior to, a herring it is found no where else. t.g. 
 
 Moffat, 11 m. n. from Lochmaben. Chalybeate 
 springs called Moffat Water and Hartfell Spar. Slate 
 quarry. A cascade called the Gray Mare's Tail. Vestiges 
 of camps and ruins of towers are seen in different parts of 
 the parish. 
 
 Tundergarth, 10 m. e. by N.from Lochmaben. The 
 Castle, and line prospect from Buniswork Hill. t.g. 
 
 v 3 Dkysoale,
 
 DUMFRIES-SHIRE. 
 
 Drysdale, 10 m. s.e. from Lochmaben. A number of 
 British and Roman Camps, and vestiges of strong Towers, 
 Castles and Walls, are to be seen in this parish. From 
 White-woollen hill is an enchanting prospect, t.g. 
 
 Torthokold, 5 m. e. from Dumfries. Vestiges of two 
 British Camps, and ruins of a Castle. A very extensive 
 prospect from Beacon Hill. t.g. 
 
 Ri'thweli., 7 m. s.e. by e. from Dumfries. Castle of 
 Camlongan. Curious antique Obelisk in the Ch. orna- 
 mented with rude carvings, t.g. 
 
 Cummertees, 3 m. w. from Annan. Hoddam Castle. 
 The limestone near is beautified with shells and other pe- 
 trifactions. T.G. 
 
 Annan (a royal burgh). Ruins of the Castle. 
 
 Kirkpatrick Fleming, 8 m. e. by s. from Annan. 
 Several vestiges of Roman Camps and Druidical remains 
 in this village. Kedhall Tower and Woocihouse Tower : 
 near the latter, the Cross of Mcrkland elegantly cut. Also 
 four mineral springs, t.g. 
 
 Gretna or Graitney, 8 m. e. from Annan. Remain? 
 of an oval Druidical circle at Gretna Mains. Gretna has 
 long been celebrated for fugitive marriages, that take place 
 in this village. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Coralliform limestone called Bengang and Aboyne mar- 
 ble {B. M. 290) : at Limeworth near Arundle. 
 
 Eyed sandstone (B. M. 413): at Limeworth near 
 Arur.dlc. 
 
 Limestone ; freestone of a red colour : at Middlebie. 
 
 Plumbago or black lead : 4 rn. from New Cuminock. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Andromeda polifolla, Marsh Andromeda : upon Sol way 
 Moss abundantly, 6". 
 
 Scdum nibenx (of Lightfoot), lied Stonccrop : walls of 
 Lincluden College, J. 
 
 Trollius europcuus, Globe Flower : by the side of rivu- 
 lets at Drumlarig, 5, 6. 
 
 Scrophularia vcrnulis, Yellow Figwoit : about Goddam 
 Castle, -1, 5. 
 
 DorouiciiM PardaUanchcs, Let paid a Bane: about Hod- 
 du.ni Castle, 5.
 
 EDINBURGHSHIRE, or MID LOTHIAN. 
 
 To those whose leisure will only admit of a visit to the ca- 
 pital and its immediate surrounding scenery, this county 
 will afibrd a good specimen of Scotland in general, being 
 sufficiently diversified with mountain and dale to gratify and 
 interest a Southern eye. To him that seeks after modern 
 elegance, the charms of rural scenery, and the beauties of 
 agricultural improvement, an extensive field here lies open ; 
 whilst the antiquary cannot fail to be gratified by the nu- 
 merous baronial mansions which from the earliest times 
 have crowded round the metropolis. 
 
 Borthwick, 6 m. s. from Dalkeith. Ruins of the Cas- 
 tle. 1 m. further is Crichton Castle, p. 
 
 Pennycuick, 9 m. w. from Edinburgh. Plantations, 
 paintings, Roman antiquities, and model of Arthurs Oven 
 at Pennycuick House. Also painting by Runciman from 
 Ossian. The artist's death was occasioned from the painful 
 position in painting these pictures, on his back. There 
 are paintings by other eminent artists, s. of the house is 
 Ramsey's Obelisk. Cotton Mill and Paper Mill. t.o. 
 
 Glen cross, 7 m. s. from Edinburgh. Waterfall called 
 Habbies How near Woodhouslie. r.o. 
 
 Hawthoknden, 6 m. s. from Edinburgh. Very cu- 
 rious caves and beautiful walks. 1 m. w. Roslin Castle and 
 elegant Chapel. The Caves and Chapel are particularly 
 worthy the tourist's attention, p. 
 
 Dalkeith, a market town. Dalkeith House, the seat 
 of the Duke of Buccleugh, contains some valuable pictures 
 1 m. s. from Dalkeith is Newbottle Abbey, the seat of the 
 Marquis of Lothian, where are likewise some fine paintings. 
 In the woods near the Abbey (1140) are subterraneous 
 apartments, p. lhe approach to Dalkeith with the dark 
 bills of Fifeshire is a beautiful scene. 
 
 Gilmektox, 4 m. s. by e. from Edinburgh. The cele- 
 brated Cave made by a Blacksmith: in it are several apart- 
 ments with beds ; table with a large punch-bowl and smith's 
 forge, all cut out of the solid rock. Near St. Catharine s is 
 
 a spring
 
 EDINBURGHSHIRE. 
 
 a spring of water covered with a film of petroleum, called 
 the Balm Well. Fine prospect from the old Tower, t.g. 
 
 Edinburgh. The Castle. Reservoir of water. Cathe- 
 dral (1 14b'). Old Parliament House called the Outer House, 
 in which is a statue of President Forbes, by Roubilliac, 
 and some paintings. Holyrood House and paintings. He- 
 riots Hospital. Theatre. Assembly Rooms. University Li- 
 brary's Museum, and view from the battlements. Botanic 
 Garden. Exhibition of paintings. College Library and Mu- 
 seum. Advocates Library. The Observatory. Hume's Mo- 
 nument. New Prison. Arthur's Seat, on the s. side is a 
 perpendicular rock and remarkable echo. Near is Dud- 
 dington Loch with many rare plants. Salisbury Craigs. 
 Nelson's monument on Calton Hill. View from St. Giles' 
 Ch. steeple. Monuments in Gray Friars Ch.-yard. Public 
 walks in Hope Meadows. Comlie Gardens and Duke's Walk. 
 Roman heads on the front of a house in Nether Bow. Acade- 
 my for Deaf and Dumb. The approach from the South over 
 lofty bridges, uniting one eminence with another, is very 
 grand. Stage from Edinburgh to Quecnsberry is a pleasing 
 ride. p. 
 
 Leith, 1 m. from Edinburgh. St. Bernard's Well. Walk 
 on the Pier. Craig Millar Castle, Maiy Queen of Scots' fa- 
 vourite residence. 
 
 Petty France, near Craig Millar, where lived Queen 
 Mary's servants: their descendants still remain, and are 
 distinguished by their Gallic names, dark eyes, thin visages 
 and foreign features. Pennycuick is a pleasant ride from 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 In the Frith of Forth fine ruins of the Monastery, t.o. 
 
 West Calder, \6 m. s.w. by w. from Edinburgh. Pic- 
 turesque grounds at Brotherton, the seat of Davy, 
 
 esq. Remains of a Roman Camp at Castle Craig, t.g. 
 
 Inch Keith is worth visiting. Light House. Ruins of 
 Castle: Basaltic columns at the e. end. Fossils re- 
 sembling petrified wood, also madrepores, coral marble, 
 jaspers, agates, &c. 
 
 Inchcolm, (a small island, not very far from Leith, 
 though considered in Fife,) forms a fine subject for an 
 aquatic excursion. See the ruins of its once famous Mo- 
 nastery. 
 
 CoLLINGTON
 
 EDINBURGHSHIRE, 
 
 Colli ngton parish contains much to amuse the anti- 
 quary, especially a very extensive encampment on thtj 
 l.tudj of Comiston, with Camus Stone, and ancient Danish 
 monuments. Some Roman Camps also, and the remains 
 of Lennox Tower so famed in Scottish history. 
 
 Mhssel3urgh has the fatal field of Pinkie inits vicinity. 
 Near this, also, visit the Routing Well at Monkstown. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Analcime or zeolite {B. M. 59) ; pudding-stone ; red fel- 
 spar ; porphyry ; murgoedes of Linnaeus : Calton Hill 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 Carbonate of lime, petuntse, agates, &c. (B. M. 177) : 
 Pentland Hills. 
 
 Brown hrematites, or radiated oxide of iron (Z>. M. 60) ; 
 -^near Edinburgh. 
 
 Prehnite (B. M. 193, 196) : Salisbury Craigs. 
 
 Flowers of cobalt (B. M. 326) : Burton Quarry. 
 
 Basalt; quartz sandstone; basaltic hornblende; augite; 
 olivine; natrolite; prehnite; jaspers spotted beautifully; 
 on Arthur's Seat near Edinburgh. 
 
 Radiated haematites ; steatites ; green fibrous iron-ore ; 
 calcareous spar; amethystine quartz crystals: in the 
 quarry near Holyrood House at Edinburgh. 
 
 Petrosilex; barytes; zeolite; specimens of copper-ore 
 and black -iead : Braid Hilis not far from Edinburgh. 
 
 Freestone ; a schistous indurated clay : Craigmiilar Hill 
 near Edinburgh. 
 
 Specimens of iron-ore; jaspers; agates; schorle; zeo- 
 lite : on the shore of the Frith of Forth. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Saxifraga hypnoides, Mossy Saxifrage or Ladies Cushion : 
 upon Arthur's Seat near Edinburgh, 5, 6. 
 
 Arenaria verna, Vernal Sandwort: Arthur's Seat near 
 Edinburgh, 5. 6. 
 
 Lactuca vivosa, Wild Lettuce: at the foot of Arthur's 
 Beat, 8, 9. 
 
 Poteatilla verna, Vernal Cinquefoil: s.w. side of the 
 rocks under Arthur's Seat, 4, 5. 
 
 Gnaphaiium dioicum, Mountain Cudweed: hills about 
 Arthur's Seat, 6, J,
 
 EDINBURGHSHIRE. 
 
 Silcne mrfans,NottinghamCatchfiy : near North Queen's 
 Ferry, 6, / 
 
 Rubus saxatilis, Stone Bramble: near Roslin Chapel, 6. 
 Draba incana, Twisted-podded Whitlow Grass: near 
 Edinburgh, 5, 6. 
 
 Sakoia Kali, Prickly Glasswort : upon Leith Sa*ids, 7- 
 Odoxa moschatellina, Tuberose Moschatel : in the Her- 
 mitage near Edinburgh, 4, b. 
 
 Diantkus dekoides, Maiden Pink : King's Parks Edin- 
 burgh, 8. 
 
 Sedum villosum, Hairy Stonecrop : Pentland Hills near 
 Edinburgh, 6, J- 
 
 Turritis hirsuta, Hairy Tower Mustard : upon dry rocks 
 in the King's Park at Edinburgh, 5. 
 
 Bunias Cakile, Sea Rocket : on the Leith Sands, 6, 9. 
 Lavatera arborea, Tree Mallow : on the rocks of Inch- 
 Garvay and Mykrie Inch in the Firth of Forth, 8. 
 
 Picia sylvatica, Wood Vetch : Salisbury Craigs near 
 Edinburgh, 7 8. 
 
 Astragalus hypoglottis, Purple Mountain Milkwort: - 
 King's Park Edinburgh, 6, 7. 
 
 Astragalus glycyphytios, Liquorice Vetch : Coryton 
 Woods 5 m. from Edinburgh, 6. 
 
 Viola grandijlora, Great Yellow Violet : Pentland Hills 
 near Edinburgh, 5, 9. 
 
 Equisetum sylvaticum, Wood Horsetail : between Edin- 
 burgh and Glasgow, r.^ar the Hermitage. 
 
 Aspleniurn septentrionale, Forked Spleenwort : on Ar- 
 thur's Seat, and at the Hermitage 1 m. s. from Edinburgh.
 
 FIFESHIRE, 
 
 Anciently styled a kingdoms-fertile, highly cultivated, 
 and well worth visiting. 
 
 Dumfermline (a royal burgh), Ruins of the Abhey 
 (Dav. I. 1 124) and stately Palace ; above one of the win- 
 dows is a rude stone figure with the date 1 100. Arch Gateway 
 of the Palace. View from the Ch.-steeple. Mr. Chalmers* 
 Walks and curious Arch Bridge. Fine prospect at Clune. 
 Blackness Castle, p. 
 
 Daloety, 2 m. n. from Dumfermline. Dunibirstle Cas- 
 tle, and Island of Inchcolm. t.g. At Aberdour adjoining 
 Dalgety the situation of the old Castle is much admired. 
 Captain Stewart's pictures. 3 m. w. from Aberdour is Inch- 
 colm Abbey, and a Danish sculptured monument, p. 
 
 Saline, 5 m. n.w. from Dumfermline. Killerny Tow- 
 er, and several others in this parish, t.g. 
 
 KiNGHORx(aroyalburgh),8 m. e. by n. from Dumferm- 
 line. The Castle. Seafield's Tower and St. Leonard's Tow- 
 er. On the rocks grow the Ligusticum scoticum. p. 
 
 Docton, 4 m. from Kirkaldie. A curious ancient sculp- 
 tured column, p. 
 
 Ballingray, 7s m. n. from Dumfermline. A little to 
 the westward of Lochor is a Roman Camp very entire, t.g. 
 
 Balbirne, 13 m. n.e. by e. from Dumfermline. Near 
 Balbirne is Balgonie Castle, and furnace for melting iron. 
 Not far from the Ch. is Balbirne House, the delightful re- 
 sidence of Mr. Balfour, t.g. 
 
 Wemyss, 14 m. n.e. by e. from Dumfermline. We- 
 myss Castle and romantic gardens at Chapel. Caves in 
 the rocks, t.g. 
 
 Kilconquhar, 8 m. s. from St. Andrews. Caves in 
 Kincraig Rock. Rire's Castle, and fine view from it. t.g. 
 
 Pittenweem (a royal burgh), 7 m. s. by e. from St. An- 
 drews. Remains of the Abbey, and a curious Cave. t.o. 
 
 Ceres, 6f m. w. from St. Andrews. If m. from the 
 town is the venerable Tower of Struthers. About the same 
 distance Scotstarvet Tower, t.g. 
 
 St. Andrews (a. royal burgh). Ruius of the Cathedral 
 
 (Alex.
 
 FtFESHIRE. 
 
 (Alex. I.) Ruins of Grayfriars Chapel ; also of Cardinal 
 Bethune's Castle. St. Rule's Chapel. Monuments in Holy 
 Trinity Ch. Curiosities in the College Library. Remains of 
 the Castle. Archbishop Sharp's monument in St. Nicholas' 
 Ch. Monuments in St. Salvators Ch. (145S). Beheading 
 Axe in the Tolbooth. 
 
 Balmerino, 10 m. n.w. from St. Andrews. Pillars in 
 Balmerino Abbey (Alex. II. 122.9). t.g. 
 
 Coi.lessie, 6i in. from Coupar. Remains of two Cas- 
 tles. T.G. 
 
 Newburoh, 8 m. n.w. from Coupar. The two famous 
 crosses of Mc Duff and Mugdrum; the latter has sculptures 
 upon it. p. 
 
 Melville, 6 m. w. from Coupar. Melville House, the 
 seat of the Earl of Leven ; square tower in the garden, arid 
 (arden's Well. p. 
 
 Falkland, 12m. n.w. fromCoupar. Falkland Palace, f; 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Scotch garnets (B. M. 364) : at Ely. 
 Basaltic columns : on Duncarn Hill Bruntisland. 
 Beautiful shell mr.rble: on the shore. 
 Coal : l'inestone with entrochi and sheik; in the quarry 
 of hincrtiel : at Abbotshall. 
 
 Sandstone : near Wemyss Castle, 
 (jranite quarries : at Abdie. 
 Coal ; ironstone : near Dumfermline. 
 Ruby and hyacinth: near Ely. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Pulmrrnovia maritime/, Sea Bugloss or 7-.ungwort : near 
 St. Andrews, 7- 
 
 Liffusticum scotiann, Scotch Farsicy: between n. and 
 s. Wemyss on the rocks, J. 
 Itosa villoaa, Apple Bos*?. : upon the coast, 6. 
 
 Lqndium latifolmm, Dittander or Fepperwort : upon 
 the sea-coast about Wemyss Castle, 1 . 
 
 liunias Cakile, Sea Rocket : at Kirkaldy, 6, !). 
 
 Axplcnium marinum, Sea Maidenhair : in the caves at 
 Wemyss.
 
 HADDINGTONSHIRE cm EAST LOTHIAN, 
 
 For the agricultural tourist this is perhaps the most in- 
 teresting county north of the Tweed ; whilst to the anti- 
 quary it presents as numerous an assemblage of ancient 
 Castles as any other, most of them distinguished in the 
 annals of feudal times. The fertility of the soil and its vi- 
 cinity to the capital have also, in later days of peace and 
 security, rendered it the residence of many of the nobility 
 and gentry, making it both populous and cheerful. 
 
 Dunbar (a royal burgh). Ruins of the Castle: under- 
 neath is a vast cavern ; on the other side are two natural 
 arche3. Between the harbour and Castle, Isle Rock, some- 
 thing similar to the Giants Causeway, p. Near the harbour 
 is a rock of martial jasper, t.g. 
 
 Haddington, the county town. Ch. monuments. A- 
 misfield, the seat of the Earl of Wemyss, has some capital 
 paintings and beautiful gardens. 
 
 Whittingham, 6 m. e. from Haddington. Prospect 
 from Traprain Law Hill. Hailes Castle. Remains of a Da- 
 nish Camp. t.g. 
 
 Ormiston, 8 m. s.w. from Haddington. Yew Tree in 
 the garden at Ormiston Hall. 2 m. s. from the Ch. Re- 
 mains of a Danish Camp. t.g. 
 
 Saltovn adjoins Ormiston. Pleasure grounds and mi- 
 neral spring at Saltoun Hall. Paper-mill and starch manu- 
 factory. 
 
 Seaton, 7 ui. w - from Haddington. Monuments in 
 Queen Mary's Chapel, t.g. 
 
 North Berwick (a royal burgh). Ruins of the Monas- 
 tery (1216) and Nunnery. Law Hill. Plantations of Sir 
 H.Dahymple. On the beach, remains of Tantailan Castle. 
 1 m. from the shore Bass Rock. t.^. 
 
 Preston Pans, 10 m. w. from Haddington. Salt-works, 
 "\ Itriol-work, and Potteries, t.o. 
 
 Bolton parish cannot fail to be interesting to the ad- 
 mirers of the unhappy Mary : for here is the ancient Castle 
 of Lethington or Lenox Love, so distinguished in her 
 bridal hours; and now the residence of Lord Blantyre. 
 
 vol. u. x minerals.
 
 HADDINGTONSHIRE. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Martial jasper :^-at Dunbar. 
 
 Sandstone; ironstone ; limestone; coal: at Old Ham 
 stocks 6 m. e. from Dunbar. 
 Freestone : at Innerwick. 
 
 BARE PI^ANTS. 
 
 Schcemis rufiis, Brown Bog-rush : near the sea coast 
 Dunbar, 7> 
 
 Beta maritima, Sea Beet : on the Bass Island North 
 Berwick, 8. 
 
 Lavatera arborea, Tree Mallow : on the Bass Island, 8.
 
 INVERNESS-SHIRE, 
 
 One of the most extensive counties in the kingdom, reach- 
 ing from sea to sea in a n.e. and s.w. direction, and tra- 
 versed by the Caledonian Canal, whose course deserves 
 the notice of the tourist. Though wild and uncultivated, 
 it is interesting ; and is very well described in Johnson's 
 tour. The wetness of the climate renders it more pastoral 
 than agricultural. Here the antiquary may gratify his 
 curiosity, particularly near the Fall of Foyers, with the exa- 
 mination of several vitrified forts, of uncertain origin. 
 
 Inverness (a royal burgh) at a distance has an im- 
 posing effect. Stone bridge built 1688. Ancient Church. 
 Clock. Citadel built by Oliver Cromwell. Near are Cul- 
 loden House and Muirtown House, t.g. Oliver Crom- 
 well's Fort, and Old Fort George. A fine view from Tom- 
 man Hill. Extraordinary shaped hill called the Hill of the 
 Fairies, having the appearance of a boat keel upwards 
 400 yards long. 8 m. n. are extensive remains of Beau- 
 lieu Abbey, p. The language of Inverness is considered 
 more refined than in other parts. 
 
 Abdesiek, 10 m. e. from Inverness. New Fort St. 
 George, t.g. 
 
 Urquhart, 10 m. w. from Inverness. Urquhart Cas- 
 tle, and beautiful scenery of Loch Ness. t.g. In the neigh- 
 bourhood of Glen Moriston are glens and cascades of sur- 
 prising beauty. 1 m. from General Wade's Hut is the 
 Fall of Foyers. m. s. another cascade, p. 3 m. on the 
 Inverness side of the General s Hut is the romantic sceneiy 
 of Dun Gardel. Cor. 
 
 Glenmoriston beautifully situated between two hills. 
 8 m. from Invermoriston is a large cave, where the pre- 
 tender was secreted by three robbers. The vale of Ur- 
 quhart and its district are inhabited by Grants. 
 
 Kilmorack, 12 m. s.w. from Inverness. Ruins of the 
 Monastery, and a grand cascade, t.g. 
 
 Boleskin, 16 m. s.w. by w. from Inverness. In this 
 
 parish is the celebrated Fall of Foyers near Loch Ness. In 
 
 3i 2 travelling
 
 INVERNESS-SHIRE. 
 
 travelling to this fall, the tremendous thunder of whose 
 waters is only suppressed when the falls become visible 
 (it is supposed to be 207 feet deep) the beautiful plant AU 
 v/iemilla alpina grows abundantly and luxuriantly. Vide 
 Garnet's Tour. 
 
 Fokt Augustus, 30 m. s.w. from Inverness. The Fort, 
 near which is a good inn. 2 m. w. is the Castle of Tor 
 Down. 5 m. s.w. by s. Loch Oich ; on its banks are Glen 
 Gamer, and the ruins of an old Castle. A few miles further 
 Loch Lochy and Inverlochy Castles. Scenery about the 
 plain sublime. 
 
 Kilmanwaig, 30 m. e.n.e. from Fort Augustus. -r-The 
 famous parallel roads of Glenroy. t.g. 
 
 Kilmalie, 3 m. n, from Fort William. In this parish 
 is Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Scotland, great part 
 of which is elegant porphyry ; upon it are many rare plants. 
 (This parish is part in Inverness-shire and part in Argyle- 
 .shire.) 
 
 Glen Elg (opposite the Isle of Sky). A Pictish Tower, 
 figured in Mr. Pennant's Tour, b 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Very elegant porphyry : on Ben Nevis. 
 Elegant marble : in Kilmalie parish in the district of 
 Lochaber. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Poa flcxuomt, Zigzag Meadow-grass: on Ben Nevis, " 
 
 Juncus spicatus, Spiked Rush : Ben-na-scree mountain 
 on the N. side of Loch Urn, J. 
 
 Stellaria cerustoides, Alpine Stitch wort : onBenNevis, P-,. 
 
 Stellaria scapigera, Manyi-stalked Stitchwort : about 
 Loch Nevis. 
 
 Rupp'ia maritima, Sea Ruppia : stagnant waters by the 
 sea-side at Glen-Elg, J. 
 
 Pulmonaria maritima, Sea Bugloss or Lungwort : at 
 Glen Elg on the sea shore, J. 
 
 T'accinium uliginosum, Great Bilberry: about Loch Urn, 
 4,5. 
 
 Thaliitrnm alpinum, Alpine Meadow Rue : onBen-na* 
 crpc by the side of Loch Urn, fi.
 
 ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 HEBRIDES, or WESTERN ISLES. 
 
 ISLE of SKY (Inverness-shire). 
 Cross the ferry at Glen Elg (Inverness-shire) m. broad. 
 In Sky are many Danish forts and watch-towers ; the forts 
 are called Duns. The famous Spar Cave is situated in Strath- 
 haird, on the farm called Glashnakill and near the cape or 
 promontory of Rhu-na-heskin, in approaching to Loch Slap- 
 pen. The whole shore of Strathhaird is indented with caves 
 and grottoes; the rocks are piled into various grotesque and 
 elegant structures. See Dr. Macleay's description of this 
 Spar Cave. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 The minerals in this Island are lead, iron-ore, limestone, 
 marble in the parish of Strath, fine pebbles near Sartle, 
 and fine agates near Loch Fullart. In the beds of the rivulets 
 red and white coral, plentiful on the south and west coast. 
 
 Common asbestos (B. M. 226) ; Actynolite (B. M. 228). 
 
 RAKE PLANTS. 
 
 Eriocaulon septangulare, Jointed Pipewort : in the 
 Lakes, particularly in a small lake called Loch-na-Caiplich 
 between Sligachan and Drynoch, 9. 
 
 Carduus helenoides, Melancholy Thistle : sides of hills 
 and pastures, 7> 8. 
 
 Osmunda crispa, Crisped Fern : upon Ben-na-Caillech 
 in the parish of Christ church. 
 
 ISLE OF LEWIS (Ross-shire), 
 The largest of the Hebrides (Ebudce), and one of the fur- 
 thest northerly of the most western cluster. The inhabitants 
 are fairer and taller than those of the other Islands. In the 
 parish of Barvas a huge stone 20 feet high, and nearly as 
 broad, called Thrushel. On the n. side of Loch Carlvay 
 jthere are similar stones 12 feet high, and many such 
 x 3 throughout
 
 ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 throughout the island : but the most remarkable piece of 
 antiquity of this kind is a clump of pyramidal stones, 39 in 
 number, from (5 to 7 feet in height these are supposed 
 Druidical. Corals and corallines are found on the shore. 
 
 HARRIS ISLE (Inverness-shire), 
 
 Which joins to Lewis by a narrow sound, in part dry, af- 
 fords no particular ohject. The names of the divisions of 
 this island Berneray, Pabby, Calligray and Ensay, and of 
 the other Islands about ure supposed to be of Danish ori- 
 gin; through the islands there are vestiges of Danish forts. 
 The general appearance is either ilat, or gently sloping 
 from a little elevation in the middle. 
 
 The principal islands in this range are North Uisr, 
 Bknbecula, South Cist, and Barra ; they narrow into a 
 point to the Bishop's Isles. About these islands reiuatk- 
 ab'y large cod and ling are caught. 
 
 ISLE OF MULL {Argyllshire). 
 
 Aros. Near : s a large Castle. (Castle Doart). Mac- 
 Donald's curious cave, roof HO feet high and proportion- 
 ably wide, the finest and largest; in Scotland, on the west- 
 ern side of the Island, t.g. 
 
 The minerals are limestone ; sandstone ; granite ; mar- 
 bles; and elegant pebbles on the shore, t.g. On the moun- 
 tain Bennenich, one of the most uncommon productions 
 is to be met with, a zeolite or silex impregnated with pe- 
 troleum. This coaibination is said not to be described by 
 any naturalist, t.g. 
 
 ISLE OF STAFFA (Argyleshirc). 
 Tnr. celebrated Fingal's Cave, consisting of basaltic pil- 
 lar*. The cave and rocks are the greatest curiosities of 
 this kind in Britain. From Staffa you have a view of the 
 very curious Island of Boo-sha-la, with its bending basaltic 
 pillars. 
 
 For
 
 ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 For those who wish to visit the Island of Staffa the (oli 
 lowing route is recommended : From Inverary proceed to 
 Port Sonnochin on the banks of Loch Awe, cross the ferry 
 (about half a mile broadband go to Bun awe ten miles ; cross 
 the Lake, beyond which is a tolerably good inn ; from thence 
 to Oban, distant about twelve miles. At Oban hire a boat 
 to convey you to the Isle of Mull, and proceed to Laggan 
 Inn, the occupier speaks English, and rents the Island of 
 Staffa: you are there accommodated with a boat to convey 
 you to Stafia, about ten miles. If the weather is fine 
 there is no danger, otherwise it should not be attempted . 
 When a visitor enters the Cave he is recommended to 
 take off his boots, as the tops of the pillars are very slip- 
 pery. 
 
 IONA, ok ISLE OF I-COLUMB-KILL (Argyleshire), 
 
 " A small but celebrated island, once the luminary of 
 the Caledonian regions." St. Columba, the founder of 
 its monastery and its fame, gives rise to its appella- 
 tion although generally called I, pronounced as EE. It 
 lies w. between Mull and Tirey Island, about 6 m. s.w. 
 from Staffa : produces fine marbles of various colours. 
 Ruins of the Cathedral ; the inside has circular Saxon pil- 
 lars with handsome sculptured capitals, and many curious 
 tombs. In the Ch.-yard is a fine Cross, called MacLean's, 
 14 feet high. [Coughs Camden, p. 7 15-] In the Nunnery 
 Ch., are many tombstones covered with cowdung: theAb- 
 bess and others are engraved in Mr. Pennant's Voyage, 
 likewise a View of the Island, and Inside of the Cathedral. 
 On the road to the hills is a large and elegant Cross, called 
 MacLean's Cross. Tombs of the kings ; 48 kings of Scot- 
 land said to have been buried here. Tombs in Oran Chapel. 
 Upon the s.w. side of the Island are a variety of pretty 
 stones ; such as violet-coloured quartz, nephritic stones, 
 and fragments of porphyry, granite, and zoeblitz marble. 
 The tourist must not neglect to ascend the hill of Dunii, 
 from whose summit is a most picturesque view of several 
 other islands. The sea shore is ornamented with the beau- 
 tiful Pidmonaria maritir.M(px Sea Bugloss), and Erlngo )na- 
 
 ritima
 
 ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 ritima (or Sea Holly) ; the Atropa Belladonna (or Deadly 
 Nightshade) is likewise found upon the island, p. 
 
 As most of the Islands worthy notice lie opposite or 
 bordering upon Argyleshire, I shall mention two or three 
 others, presuming the tourist will proceed afterwards to 
 Buteshire and Dumbartonshire. 
 
 ISLE OF JURA (Argyleshire). 
 If the tourist is a good sailor he will find that a trip to the 
 Island of Jura will amuse him, to see the Paps, three vast 
 hills resembling Paps. From the highest (called Beinn- 
 an-oir), is a fine sea prospect that will reward the ascent. 
 The habitations of the peasants, called sheelins, are sin- 
 gular in form and substance. Mr. Pennant has given a 
 plate of the Paps and Sheelins in his Voyage, p. 
 
 ISLE OF IAY on ISLAY (Argyleshire), 
 Divided from Jura by the Sound, which is about 1 m. 
 broad. See the curious Danish fort on the summit of Dun 
 Bhorairaig. Ruins of Columba's Chapel and ancient 
 Cross. In the Ch.-yard of Kilarow is an ancient Cross 
 j(now down), with inscriptions and figures. Upon an 
 island in Loch-guirin are the remains of Macdonald's Cas- 
 tle. Near Balnabbi House are three upright Stones of a 
 stupendous size, the largest 17 feet high and 3 broad. 
 See the fine Cave of Saneg-mor. Near the mouth of the 
 Sound is the celebrated cave Uamh-Fhearnaig. p. 
 
 ISLE OF COLONSAY WITH ORANSAY (Argyleshire), 
 About 8 or 9 m. from the Sound of Jura. Upon it are 
 the Abbey ch. and curious tombs, and a most elegant Cross 
 highly ornamented with sculpture. A plate of the Cross 
 and Monastery are in Mr. Pennant's Voyage. 
 
 For the Isles of Arran and Bute, which with Cambrays 
 and Inchmaraock form Buteshire, the tourist will turn to 
 the county.
 
 ORKNEY or NORTHERN ISLES. 
 
 These Islands, the Orcadcs of the ancients, are separated 
 from the main land by a frith 10 m. broad. They are about 
 30, containing IB parishes, and 24,000 inhabitants. The 
 largest, Pomona or Mainland, on which is situated Kirkwall 
 (the capital), is 35 m. long and 9 m. broad. The current and 
 tides running between the Islands are extremely rapid and 
 dangerous. 
 
 Although these islands have hitherto been considered out 
 of the tourist's track, they are not the less worthy of inspec- 
 tion ; for, even in the absence of any tree higher than a goose- 
 berry bush, still do they offer a singular kind of picturesque 
 scenery, consisting of gently rising hills or eminences co- 
 vered with a black heath interspersed with spots of culti- 
 vation, and fringed with rocks or sandy beaches lashed by 
 the foaming ocean. The effect in a bright summer day is 
 very fine, and is lively beyond imagination, whilst even in 
 winter the sombre expression is highly pleasing to the con- 
 templative mind. He who has not seen Scilly, or the Ork- 
 neys, cannot be aware of the picturesque variety that may 
 be produced by rocks, wild heath, and ocean, under all the 
 changes of tint and aerial perspective, intermingled with 
 the casual glare of sunshine and the gloom of the passing 
 squall. 
 
 KikkwalIj.- Cathedral of St. Magnus (1140). Ruins of 
 Kings Castle of Kirkwall. Ruins of Bishops Palace. The 
 Dwarfic Stone at the Wart Kill of Hoy, and many other si- 
 milar monuments supposed Uruidicai. InKoy,and(Jnemsay, 
 there is every appearance of a rich mine of lead ore, from a 
 |on of which when wrought there was a yield of 46 ounces of 
 silver. Both lead and iron appear in Sandwick and Strc-m- 
 pess,
 
 SHETLAND or ZETLAND ISLES. 
 
 Thkse lie considerably n. of the Orkney Islands. The in- 
 habitants (20,000) are a stout people, and partake of the 
 general manners and habits of those in the Orkneys. 
 
 MAINLAND, 
 
 (the principal Island) is 60 miles long and 20 hroad in parts, 
 at other par s only 2 miles across. No wood or coal in 
 the Island, but plei.ty of heath. 
 
 - FETLARISLE 
 
 Is remarkable for its mineral (chiefly chalybeate) springs. 
 Near the Loch of Fetlar specimens of very rich bog iron 
 have been found j also quantities of iron in the sand. Spe- 
 cimens of copper and plumbago have been got here. As- 
 bestos, garnets, rock crystal, &c. are also found here. 
 
 UIST, 
 
 The most northern of the Isles, has pleasing scenery, be- 
 ing diversitied with rising grounds. The coast exhibits a 
 number of curious coves. Garnets of fine size and lustre, 
 spars of different colours, sponge, and variety of corals are 
 found here also ; and from indications it is supposed coal 
 might be found here. Thompson's General Description of 
 Gotland.
 
 KINCARDINESHIRE. 
 
 Though a maritime county from locality, yet it has few of 
 the advantages connected with that situation, for its iron- 
 bound coast possesses only two very indifferent harbour3. 
 The interioi 4 is not very mountainous 5 and towards the sea* 
 coast it is very flat, particularly in the Vale of Strathmore, 
 and in that extensive district called the How of the Mearns* 
 Its mineralogy is not very interesting, consisting prin- 
 cipally of limestone; but there are Some very fine jas- 
 pers and pebbles found here, especially in the parish of 
 St. Cyrus ; the presence of iron is also denoted by some 
 chalybeate springs in the parish of Arbuthnot. 
 
 St. Cyrus, 5 m. s.w. from Inverbervie. There are se- 
 veral remarkable dens and cascades in this parish worth 
 visiting. Ruins of the Kame of Mathers. Lauriston and 
 Murphy Castles, t.g. 
 
 Fettercain, 8 m. w. from Inverbervie.- Grannachie 
 Bridge, considered a great curiosity. Small remains of 
 Fenella Castle, t.g. 2 im from this place, by the roadside, 
 is a stupendous Cairn of uncommon form. y. 
 
 Dunnotter, 13 m. Nj from Inverbervie. Majestic ruina 
 of Dunnotter Castle ; the rock is composed of pudding- 
 stone, p. A small distance from Stonehaven is a petri- 
 fying spring. 
 
 Fordoun is a district that will repay the antiquary for a 
 visit, since he will meet with perhaps the most northern re- 
 mains of the Roman empire, on the extensive verge of the 
 Grampian Hills which touch upon this parish. These con- 
 sist of the vestiges of a Roman Camp, where urn3 and 
 other memorials have been dug up. Here also may be 
 traced the ruins of the royal residence of Kenneth III. 
 
 Mary Kirk is a cheerful little village, situated amidst 
 line level fields interspersed with numerous seats of the 
 gentry, in a rich and luxuriant aspect, at one end of the 
 How of Mearns. 
 
 Laurence Kirk is a village which also deserves exami- 
 nation, being a very recent erection of the late patriotic 
 Lord Gardenston. Here the tourist may take a station 
 for some days. The accommodations are good, and he may 
 enjoy an excellent library.
 
 KINROSS-SHIRE. 
 
 This is u little inland county, circular in its form, and 
 about 9 miles in diameter, remarkable for the singula- 
 rity of its scenery, the centre being a plain, but rising 
 into mountains on all sides, where it joins Fife, Stirling, 
 Perth and Clackmannan shires. This singularity of form 
 is well deserving the investigation of the geologist, with 
 respect to the two contending theories in that branch of 
 science. But it is not to scientific tourists alone that Kin- 
 ross-shire is interesting : for here is Loch Leven, a noble 
 expanse of water, whose wild and romantic scenery adds 
 forcibly to the sentiments inspired by historical recollec- 
 tion whilst contemplating Loch Leven Castle. Nor will 
 the epicure disdain to solace himself with the red trout and 
 eels, with which the lake so much abounds as to pay near 
 1000/. per annum for the right of fishery. The romantic 
 explorer of these rude scenes of feudal barbarism will look 
 with complacence on the varied landscape of " Portmoak 
 on Leven's southern banks and braes," where the melan- 
 choly poet of these hills, the obscure yet admirable Bruce, 
 first tuned his pastoral reed : and the antiquary will at 
 least give a day to a ramble on the north side of the 
 Ochil hills, where, in the parish of Cleist, he may trace 
 several vestiges of Roman stations. 
 
 Kinross. Kinross House. 5 m. from Kinross is a very 
 good inn. The handsome mansion of Mr. Graham, on the 
 borders of Loch Leven; and the distant view of Lomond 
 Hill. t.c. 
 
 Orwell, 3 m. n.e. from Kinross. Burleigh Castle, and 
 noted Ash-tree where Lord Burleigh concealed himself.T.G. 
 
 Tullybole, 5 m. s.w. from Kinross. Near is the De- 
 vil's Mill, so called from the precipitation of a turbulent 
 cascade, accompanied by a regular noise similar to the 
 clack of a mill: the reverence with which the Sunday is 
 regarded, and the incessant clack of the fallen water, have 
 occasioned the inhabitants to give it the appellation of the 
 Devil's Mill. Near this is the Rumbling Bridge, consisting 
 vol. u. y of
 
 KINROSS-SHIRE. 
 
 of a rude plank thrown over a steep woody chasm, but near 
 which is now erected a handsome stone bridge. Cauldron 
 Linn, 1 m. further down, is perpetually boiling and foam- 
 ing, with a din almost deafening, and considered the first 
 natural curiosity of Scotland. Near are two waterfalls. 
 Castles of Loch Leven and Lochor. A little to the west- 
 ward of the latter is a Roman Camp very entire, t.g. 
 
 BARE PLANT. 
 
 Valeriana pyrcnaica, (Heart-leaved Valerian :) ditches 
 and about walls at Blair Adam, 7
 
 KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE or GALLOWAY. 
 
 This is an extensive county ; partly maritime ; rugged 
 enough to be inconvenient to the traveller, yet not suffici- 
 ently sublime to counterbalance its bleakness in the eye of 
 the tourist. Its great charm, therefore, is for the antiqua- 
 ry, who, in this county alone, may trace specimens of each 
 variety of Scottish antiquity. The most remarkable of 
 these is on the eastern limits of the county, where on the 
 banks of the river Orr, a few miles w. of the town of Dum- 
 fries, may be seen an ancient moat, scarcely surpassed iu 
 height and extent by any other monument of that species 
 in the kingdom. Rising from a plain to the altitude of 
 forty yards, and steep on all sides but on the s. it is topped 
 by a smaller eminence, affording a correct view of the 
 manner of the popular assemblies in remote ages. 
 
 The fossils afi'ord little amusement to the mineralogist ; 
 yet are not the less valuable to the agriculturist, consist- 
 ing principally of lime and marl ; but towards the sea- 
 coast, which is bold and rocky, granite is met with, and 
 there are chalybeate springs on the northern verge of the 
 county. 
 
 Kells, 2 m. n. from New Galloway. There are six 
 Lochs or Lakes in this parish, and a very curious Rocking- 
 stone moveable by the ringer. It is called Mickle Lump on 
 the Hill Mullae. g.a. 
 
 Anworth, 12 m. w. by s. from Kirkcudbright. Tower 
 of Rusco. Castle of Cardoness : and a vitrified Fort on the 
 top of a hill about half a mile from the Ch. on the top of 
 Dun Mac Sniochain. g.t. 
 
 Tongland, 3 m. n. from Kirkcudbright. Several beau- 
 tiful Cascades upon the river Taifl", one at a small distance 
 from the Ch. is particularly grand. The prospect from 
 Knockmuir Hill is one of the most extensive in Scotland. 
 
 >.G. 
 
 Kirkcudbright (a royal burgh). At Drummore some 
 (Ionian and British Camps very entire.. Castle of Kirkcud- 
 bright. Loch Fergus with its fortification. St. Maw Isle 
 y2
 
 KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE. 
 
 vPr. temp. David I.), the seat of the Earl of Selkirk, is 
 well worthy a visit, t.g. 
 
 Borgue, 3 m. w. from Kirkcudbright. Plunton Castle. 
 Ballmangan Tower, and several circular moats, t.o. See 
 Cairn Muir, the highest mountain in the s. of Scotland. 
 
 Dundrenan,6 in. s. by e. from Kirkcudbright. Noble 
 ruins of the Abbey (1142). A little further round the coast 
 is Raceberry Castle, t.o. Near it are found some fine 
 rock crystals ; and the disused works of an iron-mine. 
 
 Kirkgunzeox, 13 m. e. by. n. from Kirkcudbright. 
 There are three remarkable ancient buildings in this pa- 
 rish; Barclosh, Corrah, and the Tower of Drumcultran. 
 Also vestiges of a Druidical Circle and Roman Camps. t.g. 
 . New Abbey, 21 m. e. by n. from Kirkcudbright. The 
 fine remains of the Abbey, t.g. 
 
 Kilpatrilk Irongkay, 13 in. N.E. from Kirkcudbright. 
 Routing Bridge, erected on two perpendicular rocks about 
 o m. from Dumfries, is worthy a visit, t.g. 
 
 Lochrutton parish contains some vestiges of a sup- 
 posed Druidical temple, on a hill called the " iSeven Grey 
 Stanes." See also several feudal towers, especially that 
 called The Castle of Hile. Between this parish and Dum- 
 fries is Terreagles, the ancient Castle of the Earls of 
 Nithsdale. 
 
 Balmaghie parish, a few miles n. of Kirkcudbright, 
 has nothing remarkable but the ancient Castle of Thrieve, 
 the baronial den of the first Lords of Galloway. 
 
 The minerals of this county have not been recorded, and 
 only one rare plant the 
 
 Scirpus glaucut, Glaucous Club Rush : salt marsh west 
 of Ardbiiland.
 
 LANARKSHIRE or CLYDESDALE. 
 
 This is the central county of the south of Scotland, and is 
 in all respects one of the most deserving of the tourist's in- 
 spection ; in regard not only to its waterfalls and other ro- 
 mantic scenery, but aiso its antiquities and modem im- 
 provements in agriculture and manufacture, especially 
 throughout that far-famed district the Vale of Clyde. But 
 it is not alone in cultivated beauty that it is rich, for Pen- 
 nant's sketch of the Lead Hills cannot fail to excite curi- 
 osity and examination, where, as he describes it, nothing 
 can equal the gloomy appearance of the surrounding coun- 
 try, as neither shrub, tree, verdure, nor picturesque rocks 
 appear to amuse the eye, and the visitor must plunge into 
 the bowels of the earth for amusement forming thus a 
 fine contrast with the scenes on the Clyde, as delineated 
 by Newte, where so many circumsiances concur to render 
 them sublime and beautifully picturesque ; their woody 
 banks, the romantic face of the country, and the form of 
 the rocks over which dash the well known Falls, being so 
 varied as to give these awful torrents the grandest as well 
 as the most diversified appearance. 
 
 Crawford, 9 m. s.e. from Douglas. Lead mines at 
 Lead Hills. Several varieties of lead-ore are found in 
 these mines ; such as galena, steel-grained ore, potters 
 ore, white ore or carbonate of lead and green phosphate of 
 lead. t.g. 9 m. n. are the remains of Pouglas Castle and 
 Monuments in Douglas Ch. p, 
 
 Biggar, 1 1 m. s.e. from Lanark. A large Tumulus and 
 the vestiges qf three Roman Camps, t.g. 
 
 Covinqton, 7 m. s.e. from Lanark. In this parish are 
 the vestiges of four circular Camps. Qn the tQp of Tintq 
 Hill is a huge Cairn of stones, t.g. 
 
 Lanark (a royal burgh). Cotton Mills. 1 m. distant 
 
 is a stronghold called Castle Dykes, At Cleghorn a Ro-s 
 
 man Camp, From Lanark visit the Falls of the Clyde, 
 
 Coi-ra Lin, Bowungton Lin and Pavilion, Dundaff Lin, 
 
 V 3 Romantic
 
 LANARKSHIRE. 
 
 Romantic rocks at Blaxfield. 3 m. belo'.v Corra Lin is th<? 
 cataract of Stonebyers. Visit Cartline Craggs, where you 
 will find several rare plants, t.g. 
 
 Lesmahaooe, (i m. s.w. from Lanark. The principal 
 Waterfalls above mentioned are in this large parish. In the 
 limestone quarries are a variety of petrifactions. The mi- 
 neralogist will be amply repaid for his visit to this parish. 
 T.o. 
 
 Strathaven, 12 m. w. from Lanark. Ruins of Aven- 
 dale Castle. Remains of three Chapels. 
 
 Hamilton', 12 m. s.e. from Glasgow. Duke of Hamil- 
 ton's palace and fine paintings, particularly Daniel in the 
 Lion's Den, by Rubens. 1 m. from the palace is Chatelhe- 
 rault, a supposed model of the castle in France, t.g. Bam- 
 luth is much resorted to for its beautiful situation, terrace 
 walks, and picturesque views. h.g. 
 
 Bothweee, 8 in. s.e. from Glasgow. The old Castle; 
 and Woodhall, the seat of Mr. Campbell. 
 
 Monkland, 8 m. n.e. from Glasgow. A large artificial 
 Cave of great antiquity. 
 
 Gova.m, 3 m. w. from Glasgow. Remains of two an- 
 cient Castles, t.g. 
 
 Glasgow (a city). Tontine Coffee Room. College Li- 
 brary and Museum. Cathedral. The Bridges. Nelson's 
 Monument, t.g. Portraits in the Exchange. Manufacto- 
 ries cf Stone-ware, Nails, Sugar and GIa*>s. Ruins of the 
 Bishop's Palace or Castle. Academy of Paintings. Fine 
 collection of Roman altars, and other Roman sculpture, p. 
 
 In this county abundance of Lapis lazuli is dug up, and 
 the m'neralogist and fossilist will be highly gratified. The 
 following native and extraneous fossils are found princi- 
 pally in the parishes of Rutherglen and Kilbride, u fev 
 miles south from Glasgow. 
 
 earth and stones. 
 
 Argillaceous. Potters clay. Camstones. Blueish pipe- 
 clay. Black grey Till with vegetable impressions. Till 
 full of entrochi, ike. Fire clay. Hard black slaty till. 
 Till called maggy. Inflammable schistus. Argillaceous 
 breccia. Osinundstone. White steatites. Ponderous 
 spur. White fibrous zeolite. Crystallized zeoj.te. 
 
 Ctda
 
 LANARKSHIRE. 
 
 Calcareous. Limestone with marine productions. Lime- 
 stone flag. White limestone. Reddish limestone. Cam- 
 buslang marble with shells. Semitransparent rhomboidal 
 
 spar. Opake reddish spar. Pyramidal spar in Phillip's 
 Hill quarry. Prismatic spar at Jack':oa. Fibrous calca- 
 reous spar at Kittochside. Calcareous incrustations. 
 Stalactites. Stalagmites. Petrifactions of the Crypto- 
 gamia class of plants. 
 
 SAX A si LI CI A. 
 
 Quartz nodules called Chuckie stones. Winstone. Ba- 
 saltes. Petrosilex. Rock crystal. Jasper. .Grit free- 
 stone. Millstone grit, at Poliskin Glen. Coal. Caunel 
 coal. Petroleum. Pyrites in nodules. Peat. Fossil boletus. 
 
 METALLIC SUBSTANCES. 
 
 Haematites in Rawhead Moor. Ironstone, best near Ed- 
 wards Hall, ironstone balls. Ludus Helmontii or waxen, 
 veins. /Etites or eaglestones. Kidney-stone, butter- 
 stone (these contain the best iron). Blood-red argillaceous 
 iron ore, Keel at Stonelaw. Galena, at the Eldridge. 
 
 Phosphate of lead or green ore (B. M. 84). Strawlike 
 carbonate of lead (B. M. 155). Crystallized carbonate of 
 lime (B. M. 15'J). Oxide of zinc or calamine (B. M. 202). 
 Crystallized blue carbonate of copper (B. M. 203). Cry- 
 stallized green carbonate of copper (B. M. 204). Sulphate 
 of lead (/>'. M. 341). Rhomboidal carbonate of lead, (B. M. 
 4SG). All these to be met with at Wanlockhead Mine. 
 
 FOSSILS. 
 
 Vegetable Impressions. Arundo or bamboo of India. 
 Arundo equisetum. Arundo skeletons of ferns, or roots 
 of plants. Branches of trees in coal. Branches of exotic 
 pines in freestone. Curious exotic plant in coal, near Tor- 
 rance. Petrified v/ood at Stonlaw. Impressions of the bark 
 of oak, elm, &c. in freestone. 
 
 SEA SHELLS. 
 
 Univalves. Patella or limpet. Orthoceratites. Cornu 
 
 Ammonis or snake-stone. Cochleas Helices. Chambered 
 Nautilus. Turbo. Terebra. Buccinum. Trochus. Ser- 
 pula planorbis. 
 
 Bivalves.
 
 LANARKSHIRE. 
 
 Bivalves. Cockle. Multarticulate cockle. Muscle. 
 Microscopic. Anomialaevis. Anomia striata. Anomias 
 Echinita:. Ditto, size of a hen's egg. Limestone oysters. 
 Conchae pilosas. Pecten. Echini, and spines of the Echi- 
 nus. 
 
 ENTROCHI. 
 
 Entrochi, or screw-stones. Astropodia. 
 
 CORALLOIDES. 
 
 Junci lapidei. Astroitae. Fungita3. Millcporcs. Es- 
 charae, Retopori or fan coral. 
 
 fishes' teeth. 
 Plectonites. Undescribed fossil. Incisores. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Athamanta Meum, Spignel : about Crawford John 
 Castle. 5. 
 
 Pyrola rotundifolia, Round-leaved Wintergreen : be- 
 tween the waterfalls of Corra Lin and Bonnatyne, 7- 
 
 Trolliwi curopanu, Globe Flower : near Corra Lin and 
 Cartland Cra'gs, 5, 6. 
 
 Orobus sylvaticus, Wood Orobus : between the water- 
 falls of Corra Lin and Bonnatyne. 
 
 Vicia sylvatica, Tufted Wood Vetch : Cartland Craigs, 
 5,6. 
 
 Serapias latifolia, Broad-leaved Helleborine : Chatelhe- 
 rault wood near Hamilton, 7, 8. 
 
 Viola grandijfora, Great Yellow Violet : at Crawford 
 John near Lead Hills, 5, 9. 
 
 Campanula lati/olia, Giant Throatwort : Cartland 
 Craigs, 8.
 
 LINLITHGOWSHIRE or WEST LOTHIAN. 
 
 This county, from its immediate vicinity to the capital, 
 forms a prominent feature in a Scottish tour where time is 
 an object. It is in fact part of the Garden of Scotland, in 
 respect to the great number of seats of the nobility and 
 gentry, the towns, villages, ancient towers, plantations, 
 Ike. which crowd together to adorn the southern banks of 
 the Forth ; whilst the Highland Mountains, dimly seen in 
 all the varied tints of distance and aerial perspective, speak 
 to the traveller's heart, of other lands, of times long past, 
 and of pastoral seclusion. 
 
 Dalmeny, 8 m. w. from Edinburgh. Earl of Rose- 
 berry's grounds. Craigie Hall. Dundas Castle and Dud- 
 dingston are in this parish, t.g. Let the tourist mark the 
 fine scenery of this district, rich in cultivation, and enliven- 
 ed by the Forth. On the shore he may examine the iron- 
 stone, freestone quarries, and limestone ; also the fine cliffs 
 of basaltic rock on Dundas Hill. 
 
 Kirkliston, 3 m. s. from Queen's Ferry. Catstane, a 
 curious stone with an inscription that has never been deci- 
 phered, t.g. See Nevvliston, a modern house, and grounds 
 fantastically laid out to represent the battle of Minden. 
 
 Linlithgow (a royal burgh). Majestic ruins of the Pa- 
 lace. Noble Gothic Ch. interesting to the lover of Scottish 
 history, as the scene of the pretended apparition to James 
 IV. Cross Well. p. 
 
 Abebcokn, 5 m. n.w. from Linlithgow. Hopetoun 
 House has fine paintings and charming walks. Ruins of 
 the ancient residence of the Earls of Linlithgow. Site of 
 the Casile. Near is Blackness Castle, t.g. See also Priest- 
 linch Hill, and the view from its summit. 
 
 Queen's Ferry has nothing remarkable in its elf; but in 
 its vicinity is the curious little island of Inchgarvie : near 
 it also the ruins of Rosythe Castle. 
 
 Cak;;'u;,:; pariih contains, at Wall-town, the termina- 
 tion of ill i Roman Wall built by Antouinu3, or Graham's 
 Dyke. 
 
 MINE HALS.
 
 LINLITHGOWSHIRE. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Many curious petrifactions are found in the limestone 
 lock at Bathgate. 
 
 Coal ; ironstone at Barhaclaw near Bathgate. 
 Fullers earth; red chalk : at Uphall. 
 
 BARE PLANTS. 
 
 Osmunda Lunaria, Moonwort : Ardgarth-hill near Lin 
 lithgow, 7. 
 
 Asplenivm Adiantum nigrum, Black Maidenhair: on 
 Loch Coat Hills near Linlithgow.
 
 MURRAY or MORAYSHIRE, or ELGIN. 
 
 This county has little of the romantic to recommend it to 
 the tourist; but presents a pleasing picture, notwithstand- 
 ing, to those who can enjoy the appearance of plenty and 
 comfort in a climate where such can only be insured by the 
 closest industry. Yet the climate of this northern district 
 must once have been very genial; for even so lately as the 
 reign of James I. it is described as surpassing all other 
 parts of Scotland in its orchards. Moray was often the 
 scene of Danish invasion ; and the colloquial peculiarities 
 of its natives seem to bespeak a foreign origin. The sur- 
 face being mostly flat, the mineralogist will not expect 
 much gratification ; and the antiquary, with the exception 
 of the well-known objects of research, will find little to in- 
 terest him. 
 
 Cromdale, 18 m. s. from Elgin. 4 m. w. is Castle 
 Grant, with many interesting paintings. Lochindorb Lake, 
 Island, and Fort, are in this parish. 
 
 Elgin (a royal burgh) beautifully situated. The vene- 
 rable Towers of the Castle, which have so fine an effect on 
 entering the county. Ruins of the Cathedral. 3 m. &. are 
 the grand ruins of Pluscardine Abbey (1230) " now the 
 property of the Earl of Fife, who has employed masons to 
 repair the mutilated parts of this beautiful fabric." t.g. Pic- 
 turesque excavated rocks of Caussie near the coast. In 
 Innes House, the seat of Lord Fife, are several good pir- 
 tures. " Elgin, viewed from the new hill on the Lossie 
 Mouth road, has a singularly magnificent and beautiful 
 effect, and is called the Garden of Scotland." 
 
 " The new road from Elgin to Craig Ellachie leading to 
 the Islands is worthy of the tourist's particular notice, es- 
 pecially the pedestrian : he will also be delighted with rhe 
 road to Avi Moor along the borders of the Spey." 
 
 Cossie Mouth, 6 m. from Elgin. A retired watering 
 place. 
 
 Spynie, 3 m. n. by e. from Elgin. 'Plantations and seat 
 
 of
 
 MURRAY ok MORAYSHIRE. 
 
 of Findrassie. Ruins of the Bishop's Palace. Stone quarries. 
 t.g. Ruins of Spinie Castle. Ruins of Maison Dieu Chapel. 
 Ruins of Castle Duffus. p. 
 
 Burghead, 12 m. n.w. from Elgin. A very curious 
 Roman station worthy a visit, t.g. 
 
 Kynloss, 2 m. n. from Forres. Ruins of the Abbey 
 (1150). T.G. 
 
 Forres (a burgh). Near is Sueno's Stone, one of the 
 most curious sculptured stones in Europe ; it is ornamented 
 with warriors on foot and horseback, &c. Ruins of Blervy 
 and Burgy Castles, t.g. Tarnaway Castle has some good 
 portraits, p. Gordon Castle. Cor. 
 
 Dyke, 3 m. w. from Forres. Darnaway Castle, the seat 
 of the Earl of Moray. Upon Hoar Moor in this pari>h the 
 weird sisterhood are supposed to have appeared to Bawpio 
 and Macbeth, t.g. 
 
 The passages with inverted commas have been taken from 
 Miss Spcncc's Letters from the Highlands, whose interest- 
 ing work has afforded the Editor much pleusure.
 
 NAIRNSHIRE. 
 
 This county, containing only five parishes, is too small to 
 detain the tourist long in its examination: indeed its gene- 
 ral features present nothing very striking; though to the 
 antiquary it may possess some interest from its connexion 
 with the immortal pages of our Avonian bard 5 whilst, even 
 in later days, it offers to the traveller's contemplation that 
 scene which saw the downfall of the hopes of a family once 
 regal but now extinct at least in the line of hereditary 
 claim ; for in this district is the field of battle generally 
 known by the name of Ciilloden, but more correctly speak- 
 ing, the battle of Drumossie Muir, the place on which it 
 was actually fought, though in the vicinity of Culloden 
 House. This field is still visited by tourists, who, even at 
 this late date, may be supplied by the peasantry with relics 
 of the contest. 
 
 Nairn, aburgh. Vestiges of the Castle. See the bridge 
 and port. A royal fort. t.g. 
 
 Calder, 5 m. s.w. by s. from Nairn. Calder or Caw- 
 tler Castle; in it, it is said, stands the bed in which Duncan 
 lay when he was murdered by Macbeth, t. g. In the 
 woods of Calder is a roaring torrent called the Brook of 
 Achneem. p. 
 
 Altdearn parish contains several ancient castellated 
 ruins ; and there are several others in different parts of the 
 county. 
 
 vol., it.
 
 PEEBLES-SHIRE or TWEEDALE. 
 
 This county, though out of the line of communication be- 
 tween Berwick and the capital, is traversed in part by the 
 Carlisle route, if the tourist choose to deviate a little to the 
 left, by the Moffat road, for the sake of visiting that cele- 
 brated watering-place. It is completely an inland district ; 
 mountainous, and therefore principally pastoral, boasting 
 of the banks of Tweed and several other romantic streams. 
 As there are various chalybeate springs in different parts of 
 the county, especially at Linton and Kirkurd, the minera- 
 logist may expect considerable amusement ; also in exa- 
 mining the veins of iron-ore and alum-slate, not far distant 
 from Linton and near to La Mancha, the seat of a hranch 
 of the Cochrane family. Limestone also is found ; with free- 
 stone, shell marie, and fullers' earth, at Bridgehouse in 
 Linton parish. Let the mineralogist examine Newlands pa- 
 rish, there he may trace a variety of specimens and add to 
 his collection. 
 
 Peebles (a royal burgh). Ruins of Cross Ch. (Alex. If- 
 1257). Nidpath Castle. Ruins of Horseburgh Castle. Se- 
 veral Roman and British Camps in the neighbourhoods, g 
 
 Lyne, 5 m. xv. from Peebles. Near the Ch. a large Ro- 
 man Camp. t.g. 
 
 Manor, 3j m. s.w. from Peebles. Remains of a watch- 
 tower, near which are the vestiges of a Roman Camp. t.g. 
 
 Stobo, G m. s.w. from Peebles. Two large cavities and 
 two large stones on theMuirs; also two slate quarries, t.g. 
 
 Bboit.htok, 11 m. s.w. from Peebles. Near are the 
 remains of several castles or towers, one of them formerly 
 occupied by Macbeth, t.g. 
 
 Kirkurd parish contains the hill vulgarly called "Hell's 
 Cleugh:" a journey to its summit will be amply repaid by 
 tiic extensive prospect. Examine the sulphureous spring. 
 
 Traquair parish will not be neglected by the lover of 
 Scottish poesy, whilst the "Bush above Traquair " pos- 
 sesses a vocal charm. The trip from Moffat Wells, in Dum- 
 fries-shire, forms a pleasant jaunt for a summer day. 
 
 z 2 Cowey's
 
 PEEBLES-SHIRE. 
 
 CoxCkv's Linn, in Eddleston parish, a fall of 35 feet 
 on Peebles or Eddleston water. Near it is a beautiful lake, 
 from whence issues the South Esk. A fine prospect from 
 Dundroich or Druids' Hill. Tins parish comes within the 
 -limits of a day's excursion from the capital, being only 17 
 miles s.
 
 PERTHSHIRE. 
 
 This county, in addition to the capital, and Lanarkshire, 
 will give complete employment to a summer tourist whose 
 stay north of Tweed does not exceed six weeks or two 
 months. It is in fact, as a county, the hest specimen of 
 Scotland ; containing within its own limits every variety 
 of scenery, of mountain, dell, lake, or cultivated plain ; 
 combining even in a pedestrian day's ramble, scenes of the 
 rudest yet most sublime magnificence, with whatever is 
 beautiful in artificial cultivation. Its numerous lakes di- 
 versify the scene ; and the Highland manners cannot fail 
 to gratify the southern tourist, who comes here for no- 
 velty. In traversing many parts of the country, however, 
 even about Loch Katharine, especially if a pedestrian, he 
 must learn to be content without many delicacies, either 
 in food or accommodation; and if not a pedestrian, then for 
 the comforts of a carriage he must be content to resign 
 the investigation of much romantic scenery, pervious 
 only to the hardy foot-traveller. If the visitor's time is 
 circumscribed, then he must select the most prominent 
 objects : these are Perth, Dunkeld, Loch Katharine, Loch 
 Rannoch, Loch Tayand SStrathern. Other objects of minor 
 importance, if time permits, he will find enumerated below. 
 
 Culross, 12 m. s.e. from Dumblane. Old Ch. Abbey 
 (1217). Ruins of Tullyallan Castle, t.o. 
 
 Dc.m blank, a market town. Ruins of the Cathedral 
 and Bishops' Palace. At Kippenross is a plane-tree 27 feet 
 in circumference, t.g. 
 
 Kilmadock, 6 m. n.w. from Dumblane. Downe Cas- 
 tle, and Adelphi cotton-works, t.g. 
 
 Callander, 12 m. n.w. by n. from Dumblane. The 
 wild and romantic scenery in the ride from Callander to the 
 Trosachs and Loch Katharine is delightful. The Trosachs 
 are a series of rude wooded rocks. The Trosachs and Loch 
 Katharine are reckoned incomparably picturesque; it is 15 
 miles to Loch Katharine. Near Callender see the water- 
 fall, and timber bridge thrown over the west branch of the 
 Keltic t.g, 
 
 2 3 Monzie,
 
 PERTHSHIRE. 
 
 Moxzie, 4 m. x.fromDumblane. This parish abounds 
 with natural curiosities ; viz. cascades, caves, echoes, &c. 
 likewise Ossian's tomb. t.g. 
 
 Muthiel, 5) m. n. from Dumblane. There are two 
 RomanCamps in this parish; one at Mragaith, the other at 
 Ardoch. Near is Drummond Castle, p. 
 
 Fortiviot, G m. s. by w. from Perth. The curious wa- 
 terfalls Humble Bumble and Linn of Mtickarsay. t.g. 
 
 Perth, a large town. Pleasure-grounds called North and 
 South Inches. Ch. monuments. Cave in Kinnoul Craigs. 
 Windy Govvl. Bridge. Montague's Walks. Oliver's Mount. 
 3 m. down the river is Elcho Castle. 3 m. s. Hill of Mor- 
 cum the view from it Mr. Pennant calls the glory of Scot- 
 land. 3 m. w. by s. Duplin Castle, the seat of the Earl of 
 Kinnoul, has some valuable portraits. 4 m. x. by k. at 
 Scone, ruins of the Abbey (Alex. II. 1231) and Palace. 
 Pleasure-grounds; also Mote Hill. p. 
 
 Sherifftown, 2 in. x. from Perth. Roman Camp at 
 Grassy Wall. Roman Road very complete on Dirige Moor. 
 Two Druidical Temples near Gallow Moor. Boat Hill or 
 Carrack Know is a fortification close to the junction of the 
 Tay and Ilia rivers, p. 
 
 Aberxethy, G in. s.e. from Perth. Remarkable circu- 
 lar tower in the Ch. -yard, supposed Pictish. Balvaird Cas- 
 tle, t.g. On Mordun Hill a bulwark of rude stones worthy 
 notice, r. 
 
 Methvex, G m. x.w. from Perth. Methvcn Castle, 
 the seat of Lord Lynedock. t.g. 
 
 Collate, 7 m. from Perth. Dunsinnan House and 
 Plantations ; fine prospect from Dunsinnan Hill. Ruins of 
 Macbeth's Castle, t.g. 
 
 Chief, a burgh w. from Perth, 1 m. s.w. from Crief 
 is Drummond Castle. 4 in. from Castle Drummond is 
 Camp Castle, a Roman Camp with triple foss. The iide 
 to Loch Erne 4 m. w. from Crief is of uncommon beauty, r. 
 Comiue, 7 m. w. from Crief. At Dalginross the re- 
 mains of a very handsome Roman Camp, figured in Pennant's 
 Tour. p. 
 
 Ardoch, 8 m. s, by w. from Crief. Two famous Ro- 
 man Camps, one with four fosses, p. 
 Dv.NKELi>, a large town, The scenery round Dunkeid 
 
 ia
 
 PERTHSHIRE. 
 
 is veiy beautiful. Ruins of the Cathedral. Duke of Athol's 
 house, gardens, and cascades, among these is Ossian's Hall. 
 Rumbling Brig,&c. Prospect, from the summit of the King's 
 Seat. p. At Little Dunkeld, 1 m. distant, ruins ofTrochrie 
 Castle. Remains of Druidical Circles, and some enormous 
 Cairns, t.g. 
 
 Blairgowrie, 10 m. e. from Dunkeld. 2 m. n. is Craig 
 Hall: the situation of it is romantic beyond description; the 
 view noithward from the house for half a mile, is the most 
 pleasant and most awful that can be conceived. Not far 
 from Blairgowrie is a vast rectangular inclosure with a 
 lofty rampart and ditch, p. 
 
 Alyth, 5 m. n.e. by e. from Blairgowrie. 3 m. N. from 
 Alylh and 2 m. from the famous hill of Barry is Reeky Linn, 
 one of the largest and most beautiful cascades in Scotland 
 the fall GO feet, the rock adjoining 100 feet. r. 
 
 Taymouth, 12 m. w. by n. from Dunkeld. Magnifi- 
 cent seat of the Earl of Bredalbane, with valuable paint- 
 ings and beautiful walks, particularly Berceau Walk. Near 
 is a good inn. 1 in. from Kenmore [Kenmore is very near 
 Taymouth] are a Grotto and Cascade. 5 m. from Kenmore 
 are the Falls of Moness ; the road to them passes several 
 Druidical temples. Between Taymouth and Blair is Mount 
 Alexander ; at the foot of it Argentine a small fountain, 
 and near are several beautiful romantic walks. 1 m. lower 
 down is the Fall of the Tunnel. From Taymouth visit Mr. 
 Fleming's charming walks at Moness : Mr. Pennant says 
 no tourist should omit visiting this beautiful place, p. 
 
 Killin, at the opposite end of Loch Tay, w. from Tay- 
 mouth 17 m. Ruins of a Priory (1122) upon an island in 
 Loch Tay. Lord Bredalbane' s Grotto ; near is a fine Cas- 
 cade, called the Fall of Acharn. There is another cascade 
 near the Hermitage much superior to the former, p^ 
 A very good inn at Killin, where the botanist will stop to 
 botanize on Craig-Chailleach above Finlarig ; that moun- 
 tain affords a great variety of curious plants. 
 
 Miggernie, 16 m. n.w, by w. from Taymouth. In this 
 neighbourhood are several circular towers ; the most en- 
 tire is that styled Castal-en-dui, on the FarmCashly, 3m, 
 w.from Miggernie. 300 yards w, from this is another called 
 
 C as tab.
 
 PERTHSHIRE. 
 
 Castal-an-deirg. 1 m. further w. is another named Flam- 
 nam-boinean. 5 m. from this is another called Ben-chas- 
 tel. All the above are in Glen Lyon. p. 
 
 Weem, 12 m. s. from Blair. Castle Menzies and plea- 
 sure-grounds. Moness, the seat of Fleming, esq. has 
 
 shady romantic walks and charming cascades. As before 
 mentioned, no tourist should omit visiting this beautiful 
 place, p. 
 
 Moulin, 8 m. s.e. from Blair. The beautiful situation 
 of Faskally, the seat of Mr. Butter. At Edradour on the 
 right of Moulin, ruins of a Round Tower called Black Cas- 
 tle. 1 m. w. is another, near Balyau-an. p. 
 
 Blaik Athol. Duke of Athol's seat, and charming cas- 
 cades, called the Falls of Bruar. Also York Cascade, a mag- 
 nificent cataract, p. See the Rhubarb Plantations. 
 
 Meigle, in the centre of Strathmore, 10 m. e. from Dun- 
 sinnan. Belmont Castle and plantations. Macbeths tumu- 
 lus called Belly Duff. Curious carved stones in the Ch.- 
 yard. N^ar Belmont Castle a stone of memorial for Siward, 
 slain by Macbeth, p. 
 
 Balqi hidder parish, near Monteith, though extremely 
 barren, is yet worthy a visit ; as it contains a number of 
 lofty precipitous mountains, where both the artist and the 
 mineralogist will find ample food for their researches. 
 
 Pitcaithly Wells in Dumharny parish, with the fine 
 prospect from Morcum Hill, must not be neglected. 
 
 minerals. 
 
 Quartz or agate pebbles (/J. M. HiO) : Tay river. 
 Massive talc, potstone or Lapis Ollaris {B. M. 348) : 
 in Bredalbane. 
 
 Coal ; sandstone : at Tullyallan. 
 Puddingstone : a vein from Callander to Crief. 
 Blue slate : at Caputh near Dunkeld. 
 
 RARE PLANTS. 
 
 Veronica saxatilis, Blue Rock Speedwell : on Ben 
 Lawers mountain, 7- 
 
 Veronica frntieulom, Flesh-coloured Shrubby Speedwell : 
 on Ben Lawers, / 
 
 Eriophorum
 
 PERTHSHIRE. 
 
 Eriophorum capitatum, Round-headed Cotton-grass" : 
 by the side of a rivulet, Ben Lavvers, 8. 
 
 Eriophorum gracile, Slender Mountain Cotton-grass : 
 boggy places in the micaceous soil, Ben Lavvers, 7, 8. 
 
 Juncus biglumis, Two-flowered Rush : onBen Lawers,8. 
 
 Juncus castaneus, Clustered Alpine Rush: on Ben 
 Lawers, 7- 
 
 Spergula saginoides, Smooth Awl-shaped Spurry : Ben 
 Lawers, 6. 
 
 Hieracium villosum, Shaggy Alpine Hawk weed : on Ben 
 Lawers, 8. 
 
 Erigcron alpinum, Alpine Fleabane : moist rocks on 
 Ben Lawers, 7- 
 
 Erigeron unijlorum, Pale-rayed Mountain Fleabane : 
 on Ben Lawers, and by the river Almond near Lynedock 
 7 m. from Perth, 7- 
 
 Carexustuluta, Scorched Alpine Car ex: on Ben Lawers. 
 
 Salix reticulata, Wrinkled Willow : on Ben Lawers, 6. 
 
 Polypodium hyperboreum, Hairy Alpine Polypody : rocks 
 on Ben Lawers. 
 
 Myosotisrupicola, Rock Scorpion Grass : on Ben Lawers. 
 
 Galium verrucosum, Warty-fruited Bedstraw : cornfields 
 in the Carse of Cowrie, 7- 
 
 Azalea procumbens, Trailing Azalea : upon the summit 
 of Benmore in Bredalbane, 7- 
 
 Sibbaldia procumbens, Procumbent Sibbaldia : on Ben- 
 more, 7- 
 
 Arbutus alpina, Black-berried Alpine Arbutus : near the 
 head of Loch Traig, 5. 
 
 Pyrola secunda, Serrated Winter-green : about Loch 
 Rannoch, 7- 
 
 Stelluria scapigera, Many-stalked Stitchwort : sides of 
 rivulets. 
 
 Rubus arcticus, Dwarf Crimson Bramble : high regions 
 of Ben-y-glo at Blair, 5, 6. 
 
 Rubus saxaiilis, Stone Bramble : about Loch Rannoch, 
 Blair, and Dunkeld, 6. 
 
 Cocldeariagroenlandica, Greenland Scurvy-grass : about 
 Loch Ptannoch, 8. 
 
 Hypericum barbatum, Bearded St. John's Wort : hedge 
 near Aberdalgy Wood in Strathern, 10. 
 
 Ophrys
 
 PERTHSHIRE. 
 
 Ophrys corallorrhiza, Coral-rooted Ophrys : Methven 
 Wood 6 m. from Perth, 6, 7 
 
 Carex atruta, Black Carex : rocks in Bredalbane, 6, 7. 
 
 Sulix myrsinites, Whortle-leaved Willow : Malghrydy 
 mountain, 5, 6. 
 
 Salix herbacea, Least Willow : -mountains in Bredal- 
 bane, Malghrydy mountain, 6. 
 
 Salix Steivartiana, Shaggy Mountain Willow : upper 
 end of Finlarig Burn in Bredalbane, 8. 
 
 Poaalpina, Alpine Meadow-grass : on the sides of Craig- 
 Chaleach*, a mountain above Finlarig near Killin, 7- 
 
 Cornus suecica, Dwarf Cornel : on the side of moun- 
 tains about Loch Ranoch, Ben-more, and Craig-Chaleach, 
 6,7. 
 
 Juncus triglumis, Three-flowered Rush : on the e. side 
 of Craig-Chaleach, near Killin, 7 
 
 Vaccinium uliginosum, Great Bilberry: on Craig-Cha- 
 leach near Killin, in Bredalbane, 4, 5. 
 
 Adoxa Moschatellina, Tuberous Moschatel : near the 
 top of Craig-Chaleach, 4, 5. 
 
 Silene acaulis, Moss Campion: on Craig-Chaleach, 6,7. 
 
 Potentilla verna, Vernal Cinquefoil : near the top of 
 Craig-Chaleach, 4, 5. 
 
 Dryasoctopetala, Mountain Avens : the e. side of Craig- 
 Chaleach, Maolghlas, and Mal-grea in Bredalbane, 7, 8. 
 
 Cardamine hastulata, Alpine Ladies-Smock : on Craig- 
 Chaleach in Bredalbane, 7- 
 
 Gnaphalium alpinum, Alpine Cudweed : upon Craig- 
 Chaleach near Killin. 
 
 Saxifraga nivalis, Clustered Alpine Saxifrage : e. side 
 of Craig-Chaleach near Killin, 7 
 
 Campanula latifolia, Giant Throatwort : near Taymouth 
 Hermitage, 8. 
 
 Athamanta Mcum, Spignel : pastures about Loch Ran- 
 noch, 5. 
 
 Narthecinm calyculatum, Scotch Asphodel : about Loch 
 Rannoch, 7, 8. 
 
 * Craig-Chaleach is a mountain between Killin and 
 Glen Lyon in Bredalbane, 
 
 Trientalis
 
 PERTHSHIRE, 
 
 Trientalis europcea, Chickweed Winter-green : woods 
 at Blair abundantly, 5, 6. 
 
 Arbutus Uva-ursi, Red-trailing Arbutus : at Dunkeld 
 and Blair, 6. 
 
 Pyrola minor, Lesser Winter-green: '\vood3 about Loch 
 Rannoch, 7- 
 
 Saxifraga aizoides, Yellow Mountain Saxifrage : by the 
 sides of rills on the rocks at Killicranky near Blair, 7, 8. 
 
 Dianthus aroiarius (of Lightfoot), Single-flowered Rock 
 Pink : upon a hill near Perth, 1 . 
 
 Cherleria sedoides, Mossy Cherleria : near the summit 
 of Ben-teskerry and Ben-challum to the w. of Loch Tay, 7. 
 
 Sedum villosum, Hairy Stonecrop : in Glen-Eglas to the 
 s. of Crief, 6, 7- 
 
 Rosa villosa, Apple Rose : about Killin in Bredalbane, 6, 
 
 Rubus Chamcemorus, Cloud Berries : mountains about 
 Loch Rannoch, 6~ 
 
 Thalictrum minus, Lesser Meadow Rue : 'pastures about 
 Loch Rannoch, 6, 7- 
 
 Thalictrum alpinum, Alpine Meadow Rue : Maol-ghlas 
 in Bredalbane, and mountains about Loch Rannoch, 6. 
 
 Subularia aquatica, Awl-wort: under water in Loch 
 Tay, 7- 
 
 Astragalus hypoglottis, Purple Mountain Milkwort : 
 MoncriefHill near Perth, near York Cascade at Blair, 6, 7- 
 
 Hieracium alpinum, Alpine Hawkweed : upon Ben-more 
 andCraigvere just above Loch Laraig-an Lochain in Bred- 
 albane, 7. 
 
 Hieracium Umbcllatum, Narrow-leaved Bushy Hawkweed : 
 about the King's Seat at Dunkeld, 8, 9. 
 
 Serratula alpina, Alpine Saw-wort : near the top of Ben- 
 cruissen in Bredalbane, 7, 8. 
 
 Carduus helenoides, Melancholy Thistle : by the side of 
 rivulets in Bredalbane, 7, 8. 
 
 Betula nana, Dwarf Birch : on the w. side of Corry-y- 
 callin Hill, N. from Miggernie in Glen Lyon, 5. 
 
 Asplenium Ceterach, Spleenwort : on the Hill of Kin- 
 noul near Perth. 
 
 Convallaria verticillata, Narrow-leaved Solomon's Seal : 
 in Den Rechip 4 m. n.e. from Dunkeld, 6.
 
 RENFREWSHIRE. 
 
 This county enjoys great advantages from its maritime po- 
 sition at the mou'h of the Clyde; but more especially from 
 its connexion with the enterprising city of Glasgow, to . 
 which it may be said to be the port; circumstances which 
 will always make it interesting to the philanthropic tourist, 
 who can rejoice to see plenty and comfort starting up 
 amidst what would otherwise have been almost hopeless 
 sterility. If Renfrewshire does not in itself possess pecu- 
 liar beauty in its high and barren hills, or even in the bet- 
 ter cultivated lowlands along the Clyde, yet it has the 
 power of affording considerable gratification to the pictu- 
 resque traveller, from the views which present themselves 
 across the Clyde in the ride from Glasgow to Greenock, where 
 Argyllshire and Dumbartonshire offer their lofty mountains 
 and romantic valleys to his eye in all the softened charms 
 of distance. The mineralogist also will not be disappointed 
 in his researches ; nay, he will rather be surprised to find 
 amongst the petrifactions and imbedded substances many 
 reliques of animals and vegetables never supposed to have 
 been indigenous. ' 
 
 Mrarns, 7 m. s.k. from Renfrew. Ruins of the old 
 Castle, and Cotton-mills, t.g. 
 
 Eastwood, 5 m. e. by s. from Renfrew. At Thornlie- 
 bank there is a remarkable schistous rock, containing a va- 
 riety of marine petrifactions well worth the attention of the 
 naturalist, t.g. 
 
 Paisley, 3 m. s.w. from Renfrew Ruins of the Abbey 
 (1164), and burial-place of the Earls of Abercorn; in the 
 latter a fine echo. Manufactories of gauze, lawns, cam- 
 brics, and threads. In the limestone quarries may be 
 found a great variety of fossils and petrifactions, t.g. Upon 
 the road side from Paisley to Renfrew is a tumulus with a 
 stcme of memorial upon the top. p. 
 
 Gkeenock, as a new commercial creation, must not 
 pass unnoticed by the tourist. See the Ch, Tontine Build- 
 
 vot. n. 2 a ings,
 
 RENFREWSHIRE. 
 
 ings, and Town-house. Also in a hill above the town some 
 specimens of copper ore. 
 
 Kilmacolm parish possesses some curious modern an- 
 tiques, being the sacramental chalices used by Knox the 
 Reformer, now preserved at Finlayston. 
 
 Lochwinnoch, about 10 m. s.w. from Paisley, has in 
 its vicinity Peel Castle on an island in the loch; and the hand- 
 some house and grounds of Castle Semple, near which a 
 magnetic rock has lately been discovered, affecting the 
 needle to a distance of 150 yards. 
 
 Johnson's Bridge will always be interesting to the pa- 
 triotic traveller; since in its immediate vicinity is Ellerslie 
 Castle, now in ruins, the residence of the far-famed Sir 
 William Wallace, the friend and fellow-soldier of Bruce. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Laumonite (B. M. 445) : near Paisley. 
 Lead ore; barytes ; osmundstone : at Eglesham. 
 Coal; limestone ; freestone : in Lochwinnoch parish. 
 Schistus with a variety of petrifactions: at Thornlie* 
 bank near Eastwood.
 
 ROSS- and CROMARTY-SHIRE. 
 
 This county is bounded by Sutherlandshire on the K. and 
 Inverness-shire on the s., but is open to both oceans, the 
 Atlantic and German, on its other limits, and certainly there- 
 by possesses the happiest locality for commerce and inter- 
 nal improvement, especially as its eastern coast has a cli- 
 mate perfectly compatible with agricultural exertions, and 
 its western is particularly adapted for the prosecution of 
 extensive fisheries. For the tourist also it presents every 
 variety of hill and dale, of lake and mountain-stream ; but 
 the travelling accommodations are not such as will tempt 
 the luxurious or the effeminate to penetrate into its re- 
 cesses; besides, the almost constant and veiy heavy rains, 
 that inundate the western district from the Atlantic Ocean, 
 are such as to preclude picturesque travelling during a 
 great portion of the year. The mineralogist will find some 
 subjects of research in the chalybeate and sulphur wells in 
 different parts, especially at Strathpeffer: and the antiquary 
 may trace a variety of Druidical temples and vitrified forts 
 amidst its lofty mountains. 
 
 Cromarty. Mr. Ross's charming walks. The Firth of 
 Cromarty is capable of containing all the British Navy in 
 safety. From Alness Manse fine and extensive view over 
 the Firth of Cromarty: between the Sisters the bay opens 
 with vast magnificence, and the town rests in much beauty 
 at the foot of these hills. The scenery of this part is of 
 that peculiar character that may be justly called the coun- 
 try of Romance, of Fable, and of Superstition. 
 
 Fearn, 5 m. n. from Cromarty. Ruins of Feam Abbey 
 (1214). Near the Abbey is a square column with Saxon cha- 
 racters upon it. Cor. Ruins of the Castles of Catboll and 
 Lochlin. t.g. 
 
 Sandwich, 3 m. e. from Fearn. A curious ancient 
 sculptured Column, t.g. Another very handsome one lies 
 near the shore a few miles from Mr. M'Leod's at Guihess. 
 Cor. 
 
 2 a 2 Urrav,
 
 ROSS-SHIRE. 
 
 Ubray, w. from Urquhart. Braun Castle, the elegant 
 seat of Lord Seaforth, lias some valuable pictures, not in 
 very good preservation, containing the celebrated picture of 
 Mary Queen of Scots, and a bed worked by the Queen her- 
 self. A faithful A)py of King John's Magna Charta, with 
 the arms of the l3-l barons who headed the dispute between 
 the King and his subjects : there are 1 besides a few old 
 portraits in the house, t.g. 
 
 Dingwall, a burgh. Ruins of the Castle. Obelisk, in 
 the burial-ground of the Earls of Cromarty, 50 feet high. 
 t.g. Ancient Cross. Near Foulis is the lofty mountain Be- 
 nivas or Benivevea. Sulphurous spring not far from Ding- 
 wall, efficacious in rheumatic and scorbutic disorders, much 
 frequented during the summer. Scenery very grand. From 
 Beauley to Dingwall the country opens with infinite beau- 
 ty, and is thought to have a striking resemblance to the 
 country about Jerusalem. 
 
 Gen in thj Aird of St rath glass. The Dream, with its 
 charming cascade; the Dream is a wild and majestic scene, 
 well worthy the visit of the curious traveller. Cor. 
 
 Tayxe, a small town. Remains of the Collegiate Ch. 
 (1481). 10 m. w. is Dun'ilishaig, the remains of a Pictish 
 house. At Cariblair, a sculptured stone of memorial. 
 Another at Edwardstone, with a horse and his rider well 
 executed. Cor. 
 
 Nigg parish contains a curious Obelisk, said to have been 
 erected by a Danish monarch in memory of three sons 
 whom he lost here in battle. 
 
 Urquhart parish. In this district is Fcrntosh, so cele- 
 brated as the favourite place of manufacture for Highland 
 whisky nor has it declined in fame. 
 
 Coxtix parish on the \v. contains the wild lake of Ki- 
 nallen, where there s a most celebrated echo. 
 
 Glkns'ikil. The tourist, who wishes to indulge in the 
 investigation of Highland scenery i'nd manners, may take 
 up his abode for some days at Shiel Inn, in this district, on 
 the road from Fort Augustus to Bernera, where he may 
 contemplate the wildnesd of Nature in all its original sim- 
 plicity. 
 
 Kixtail is deserving a vis't from the admirer of Nature 
 in a style of rudeness and horror ; for here is an uninhabited 
 
 desert,
 
 ROSS-SHIRE. 
 
 desert 20 m. long, with every mark of desolation, its only 
 note of civilised life being an almost impassable moun- 
 tain road, carried up by traverses until it penetrates a 
 wild natural gap, leading the traveller into scenes of diffi- 
 culty and dismay, but repaying him by the grandeur and 
 novelty that every where surround him. 
 
 RARE TLANTS. 
 
 Veronica alpina, Alpine Speedwell : on Badenoch and 
 Lochaber mountains, 7, 8. 
 
 Arbutus alpina, Black-berried Alpine Arbutus : between 
 Loch Broom and Loch Man abundantly, 5. 
 
 Ophrys corallorrhiza, Coral-rooted Ophrys : in a hang- 
 ing wood on the s. side of Little Loch Broom, 6", / 
 
 Circcea alphm, Alpine Enchanter's Nightshade : at the 
 foot of the mountain about Little Loch Broom, 7, 8. 
 
 Cynomrus cceruleus, Blue Dogs-tail Grass : about Little 
 Loch Broom, 6, 7- 
 
 Cornus swraca,Dwarf Cornel : about Little Loch Broom, 
 6,7. 
 
 Epilobium alpinum, Alpine Willowherb : near Little 
 Loch Broom, (J, 7- 
 
 Pyrola minor, Lesser Winter-green : in a wood called 
 Ca-buck near Little Loch Broom, 7- 
 
 Satyrium repents, Creeping Satyrion : opposite the house 
 of Mr. Mackenzie of Dundonald, about 2 m. from the head 
 of Little Loch Broom, 7- 
 
 Ophrys cor data, Little Twayblade : mountains about 
 Little Loch Broom, 7- 
 
 Betida nana, Dwarf Birch : the moors near Loch Glass, 5. 
 
 Rhodiola rosea, Rose Root : upon most of the Highland 
 mountains, 5, 6. 
 
 Osmunda Lunaria, Moonwort: a pasture near Dundo- 
 nald 2 m. from Little Loch Broom, 7- 
 
 2a3
 
 /
 
 ROXBURGHSHIRE,./^^ T1VI0TDALE. 
 
 The boundaries of the two kingdoms recall so many ideas 
 of feudal times and Border history, that no tourist cf any 
 sentiment can traverse them without feeling much ani- 
 mated interest. It is true that both the Northumbrian and 
 Scottish hills have a wild and cold appearance; yet they 
 are rendered agreeable as well as picturesque by the clear 
 and sparkling streams that dash down their sides, and by 
 the rude bridges intersecting these in the sequestered 
 vales. Of much of this effect Roxburghshire partakes, es- 
 pecially in that romantic district watered by the Tweed, Ti- 
 viot, and Liddle. Here, amidst the wild scenery of haughs, 
 burns, and braes, may be traced almost every spot hallow- 
 ed by the traditions of Border ballads ; and in all parts of 
 the country are numerous ruins of secluded monachism or 
 feudal barbarism, that speak, to the eye of taste, of times 
 long past. 
 
 The most considerable of the mountains in this county 
 are Cork Row, from which runs a tract of hills west, di- 
 viding Scotland from England, in many places impassable. 
 There are many ancient seats of the nobility. On its bor- 
 ders are the debateable lands, formerly claimed by the bor- 
 derers of each nation, but judged to the Scots by James VI. 
 In this shire are considerable remains of Roman encamp- 
 ments, and a Roman military way. 
 
 Kelso, a market town, with a handsome bridge and 
 grand remains of the Abbey (Dav, I. 1 128). Fine views from 
 Chalkheugh and Pinnacle Hill. Public Library. Races here 
 in September, p. 2 m. s.w. small remains of Roxburgh 
 Castle; to the w. of the Castle several caves cut in the 
 rock. t.g. Elegant mansion of Fleurs. 
 
 Jedisurgh, the county town, 10 m. s. by w. from Kelso. 
 On the banks of the river many vestiges of artificial 
 caves. Two Chalybeate Springs in the neighbourhood. 
 2+ m. N.w. Ancrum House; below the house are many 
 caves in the bank. 4 m. s.w. Bedrule Castle, remarkable 
 for beauty and prospect, t.g. 
 
 Oxnam, 4 m. e. by s. from Jedburgh. Part of the Ro- 
 man Causeway. Ruins of Dolphington Tower, t.g. 
 
 ECKFORDj
 
 ROXBURGHSHIRE. 
 
 Eckford, 5 m. s. from Kelso. Remains of Cessford 
 Castle, t.g. 
 
 Morebattle, 7 m. s. by e. from Kelso. Ruins of Whit- 
 ton Castle and Corbet House. Vestiges of several Camps 
 in the neighbourhood, t.g. 
 
 Melross, 12 m. w. from Kelso. Magnificent remains 
 of the Abbey (Dav. 1. 1 13G), seen to the best advantage by 
 going to the s.e. corner, turning your back and looking be- 
 tween your legs. Roman Camp on the top of Eilden Hill. p. 
 3 m. n. Dryburgh Abbey (David I.) may be visited from 
 hence. 
 
 Bowden, 3 m. s. from Melross. Ruins of Halydean, a 
 strong fortification. Remains of a Roman Causeway and 
 Camp. t.g. 
 
 Minto, 5 m. w. from Jedburgh Picturesque rocks 
 called Minto Craigs, and scenery on the banks of the Ti- 
 viot. T.G. 
 
 Castletown, in Liddesd;ile,18 m. s. by w. from Jedburgh. 
 A curious natural bridge of stone. Ruins of Sidehill, 
 Carberry and Hermitage Castles; the latter is 3m. n. 
 from Castletown, t.g. 
 
 Makton parish. See the ruins of an old tower on the 
 farm of Littledean, once the feudal den of the Ker family : 
 also Scot's Hole, a deep glen, and the scene of a successful 
 ambuscade in the Scottish wars. 
 
 Hawick parish has been brought into notice by the 
 Graphic Illustrations to Walter Scot's Poetical Effusions. 
 The scenery round this little thriving town is pretty ; and 
 at the distance of a mile is the Peel of Goldielands. 
 
 Cavers is a mountainous district, and from its summit 
 the prospect is so extensive that both seas may be seen. It 
 contains many traces of ancient fortifications, evidently 
 Roman, from the antiquities that have been dug up. 
 
 Kirk Yetholm, a small village in the parish of that 
 name, contains a curious race of people, who have been 
 tinkers and gipsies from time immemorial, and whose tradi- 
 tions, if collected, might afford much amusement. 
 
 rare plant. 
 
 Asplenium alternifolium, Alternate-leaved Spleenwort: 
 rocks 2 m. from Kelso.
 
 SELKIRKSHIRE or SHERIFFDOM OF 
 ETTRICK FOREST. 
 
 The very name of this district excites ideas that must in- 
 terest every tourist who possesses the slightest portion of 
 enthusiasm or romance. It may in fact be considered as 
 the land of the Scottish Troubadours, and will never be 
 thought of with apathy whilst " Ettrick's Banks " and the 
 " Flower of Yarrow" preserve their place in vocal remem- 
 brance. Much of the scenery of this county has been re- 
 cently brought before the public eye in the Illustrations to 
 Scot, especially Newark Castle, the residence of Mary Scot 
 on Yarrow's sylvan stream, the scenery around which 
 possesses both beauty and grandeur. With the exception 
 of its antique and rural mountain scenery, this county has 
 indeed little to interest the tourist ; for here the botanist and 
 mineralogist are alike without employment, at least no- 
 thing interesting in either science has yet been discovered. 
 
 Selkirk, a Corporation Town. |m. s. of the town, 
 Haining House and beautiful lake are worthy notice, t.g. 
 
 Galashiels, 5 m. n. from Selkirk. A wire bridge for 
 foot passengers, similar to those in America, has been 
 placed across the Gala at Galashiels. The span 111 feet, 
 and the breadth 3 feet ; cost only twenty pounds. This the 
 Editor believes is the first erected in Britain. 1 m. w. 
 from Galashiels and 2 m. from Melross, at a place called 
 Rink Hill, is the great ditch Catrail, 25 feet wide, large 
 ramparts on each side. Upon Rink is a large round fort, 
 with triple ditches. 
 
 Yarrow parish contains St. Mary Is Loch and the Loch 
 of the Lows, already sketched in " Scot's Illustrations," and 
 affording amusement to the artist, as well as gratification to 
 the epicure in the perch and pike with which they abound.
 
 STIRLINGSHIRE. 
 
 This county must always be interesting from its having 
 been from early times the seat of royalty in Scotland; a 
 choice well justified by the amenity of the situation, cli- 
 mate, &c. From the Castle or Palace of Stirling the 
 greatest part of the county can be seen ; a prospect per- 
 haps not to be surpassed either in beauty, richness, or ex- 
 tent, by any other in existence. Newte, in his Tour, ob- 
 serves that from its lofty battlements the royal eye then 
 surveyed with pride the bold outlines of an unconquered 
 kingdom. The Grampians, the Ochils, the Pentland hills, 
 conveyed a just idea of its natural strength : the whole 
 course of the Forth, with its tributary rivers, from their 
 source in the Highlands, near Loch Lomond, winding 
 through Perthshire, and washing the shores of Clackman- 
 nan and Fife on the north, and those of Stirlingshire, Lin- 
 lithgow and the Lothians, on tiie south, exhibit a pleasing 
 prospect of its natural resources in fishing, and in a soil 
 which, though in a rude climate, would not be ungrateful 
 to the hand of cultivation. From this point of view also, 
 (adds Newte), the imagination of a Scotchman is led, by 
 many remembrances, to recall to mind the most important 
 vicissitudes and scenes of action in the history of his 
 country. The geologist will also be pleased with the in- 
 vestigation of this county; for it affords coal and iron; 
 and even silver, cobalt, copper and lead have been found, 
 whilst the extensive beds of sea shells, with numerous 
 stumps of trees in the Curse, as it is called, lead to exten- 
 sive theories of general and particular formation. From 
 the earliest times also, its history is interesting, com- 
 mencing with Ossian, proceeding with the Romans, and 
 coming down to the intestine wars of Bruce and Baliol, at 
 Bannockburn and Falkirk. 
 
 Stirling. Grand situation of the fine Castle, from 
 which is a delightful view. Carpet manufactory, p. Ed- 
 mondston's Walks. Parliament House, royal Chapel, and 
 bridge. 
 
 Logie,
 
 STIRLINGSHIRE. 
 
 Loc.iE, 2 m. n. from Stirling. Grand ruins of C ambus 
 Kenneth Abbey. i. 
 
 Falkirk. In this parish are the famous Carron Works 
 for casting cannon, 1200 men employed, Sec. Sec. \ 
 small distance k. are some large remains of Graham's Dike, 
 or Antoni nus's Wall, near Callendar House, p. 
 
 Dl'xiplack, 4 in. x.w. from Falkirk. Curious artificial 
 hills covered with trees, t.g. 
 
 Aihth, 5 m, s. from Falkirk. Wallace's Tower. Dini- 
 more Castle ; and Powfoul's Castle, t.g. 
 
 Fintry, 5 m. n.w. from Kilsyth. The Loup of Fintry, 
 a remarkable cataract, falls JH) feet. Near are basaltic eo-' 
 lumns 50 feet high. Archin Hills Loan, another cascade. 
 
 T.U. 
 
 Strathblane. Spout of Ballagan, a cascade, falls 70 
 feet. t.g. 
 
 Killearx. At the western extremity of Strathblane is 
 Buchanan's Monument, 103 feet high. t.g. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Ironstone ; limestone with shells ; red and yellow jas- 
 per ; agate and porphyry: at Kilsyth. 
 
 Sandstone quarry with line impressions of plants and cu- 
 rious trunkstones ; at Garrel Glen near Kilsyth. 
 
 Limestone; sandstone; jasper; basaltic columns: at 
 Killeam. 
 
 Copper ; lead ; cobalt ; iron : at Alva. 
 
 rare plants. 
 
 ferbascum Lychnites, White-flowered Mullein: in lul- 
 mondston's Walks at Stirling. 7, ^. 
 
 Atrupa Belladonna, Deadly Nightshade : in the Kings 
 Park Stirling, (>. 
 
 Otma'tiilu result*, rioweiii-'g Fein: in IIainh;g Wood, 
 
 7,b.
 
 
 <rxs* 

 
 SUTHERLANDSHIRE. 
 
 This county lies so far x. that none but the mo't deter- 
 mined tourists or the most determined sportsmen ever 
 think of penetrating its wooded wilds, traversing its se- 
 cluded mountains and vales, or exploring its blue lakes un- 
 der a summer sun almost perpetual; for here at the sum- 
 mer solstice night is scarcely known. To those who can- 
 not pass a short winter's night without routs, drams, and 
 hurricanes, I recommend not Sutherlandshire as an hyemal 
 residence ; but in the short summer a few weeks may be 
 agreeably spent, partly in the interior, where forests filled 
 with deer and mountains abounding with game oiler strong 
 temptations to exercise ; and partly on its coast, where 
 every variety of romantic grandeur meets the picturesque 
 eye midst sandy beaches, rugged cliffs, winding bays, the 
 foaming ocean, and the howling storm. 
 
 Dornoch, a burgh. Ruins of the Castle and Cathe- 
 dral, t.g. 8 m. x. Dunrobin Castle with some excellent por- 
 traits. Strathleven Cove, an artificial cave, with seats, ike. 
 p. At Golspie a curious sculptured pillar. Vide plate 17, 
 and tiie introduction at the beginning of vol. i. Cor. 
 
 Lar<,, 23 in. n.w. from Dornoch. Loch Shin and a grand 
 cataract at Invershin, twenty feet fall. t.g. 
 
 Brora, 13 m. x. by e. from Dornoch. Bridge. Near 
 is a cave called Uai-na-Calman, used by the salmon-fish- 
 ers, p. A little beyond the w. end of Loch Brora is one of 
 the most perfect Pictish towers in Scotland. At Aahir-na- 
 Kyle, by the side of Loch Brora, is the beautiful cascade 
 near Carril. Loch Brora is 2 m. from Brora : near it is 
 a charming cascade called Achir-na-hyi ; whether this is 
 the same as the above, I have not been able to ascertain; 
 the former is mentioned by Mr. Cordiner, the latter Ly 
 Mr. Pope. Upon a high hill near the Loch is a strong- 
 hold called Creig-baw-ir. Po. At Strathleven near the sea 
 is a hermit's cell well worth visiting. Po. 
 
 Clyxe, 12 m. n.k. from Dornoch. Near the House of 
 Clyne is a limestone quarry which contains a variety of 
 fossil shells. Po. 
 
 vol. n. 2 a Loth,
 
 SUTHERLANDSHIRE. 
 
 Loth, 9 m. n. from Dunrobin. An entire Pictish 
 house near the Miln of Lochbeg. Also another called 
 Cam Bran and a line cascade near the shore of Lothbeg. 
 
 Far. Here is a tolerable inn, from whence you may 
 visit Borve Castle, which has a curious passage beneath. 
 See the curious Mon. in the Ch.-yard. In Strathyhead is 
 a remarkable cave called Ua : -nei. n.e. from Strathy, 
 near the highway, is a sepulchral stone with a Cross upon 
 it. Po. 
 
 Tongue. Bar Castle, a Danish building. Loch Hacon, 
 upon an island in the Loch, is a stone building with a 
 walk. Po. 
 
 Durness, 26 m. w. from Tongue. The cave of Smo, 
 and fine echo. In this parish is Dun Dornadilla, one of the 
 most perfect Pictish houses in Scotland. It is about 10 
 m. s. from Tongue, from whence it is generally visited. 
 t.g. Po. 
 
 In this mountainous county there certainly are a great 
 variety of rare plants, although they are not mentioned in 
 Lightfoot's Flora Scotica, or any other botanical work in 
 my possession. It will aflbrd a rich harvest for some fu- 
 ture botanist.
 
 WIGTONSHIRE or UPPER GALLOWAY. 
 
 This county is in the general route for travellers to or 
 from the sister island; and for that very reason has been 
 perhaps less examined, beyond the mere post road, than 
 any of the other southern counties. It is true that it is the 
 least picturesque of the Scottish shires ; though not the 
 least valuable to the land-owner, being susceptible of much 
 agricultural improvement. At present it is mostly pastoral. 
 
 Stranraer. A royal burgh. Culhorn, the elegant seat 
 of the Earl of Stair, t.g. 
 
 Portpatrick, 6V m. w. from Stranraer. Packet sta- 
 tion. Channel is 21 m. wide. See the extensive Castle of 
 Dunskey, hanging on the verge of a precipice, and bid- 
 ding defiance to the storms of Ocean : from hence too, ob- 
 serve the majestic Craig of Ailsa. 
 
 Olu Luce, 12 m. e. from Stranraer. Ruins of Glenluce 
 Abbey, t.g. 
 
 Kirkmaiden, 5 m. w. by s. from Whitehorn. A con- 
 siderable number of caves, in one a petrifying water, t.g. 
 
 Whitehorn. A royal burgh. Many vestiges of Camps 
 and forts in the neighbourhood, t.g. 
 
 Mochrum, 5 m. w. by s. from Wigton. Picturesque 
 remains of the old Palace surrounded by lakes, t.g. 
 
 Wigton, a royal burgh. At the w. end of the town a 
 Druidical circle called the Standing Stones of Torrhouse. 
 t.g. Castle. Convent (1267). 
 
 Newton Stewart affords a pleasing picture of industry 
 and increasing population. See the handsome bridge over 
 the Crce, 
 
 Stonkykirk parish, seated on the bay of Luce, affords 
 great variety of fine fish for epicurean palates ; and will 
 gratify the antiquary by the examination of a rath b'O feet 
 high, and a square tower of considerable altitude, with the 
 remains of several Druidical temples. 
 
 Inch parish, a dead Hat between two arms of the sea, 
 
 the bays of Luce and Ryan, give scope to the theories of 
 
 the geologist. It also contains some lakes, which only 
 
 2 b 2 want
 
 WIGTONSHIRE. 
 
 want some mountain scenery to render them highly inter- 
 esting. See Castle Kennedy, once the buast of this pare 
 of Scotland for its grandeur and gardens ; burnt down some 
 years ago, but still magnificent in its ruins. In its vicin'ty 
 are springs both chalybeate and sulphureous. 
 
 Leswalt parish is the most picturesque district of the 
 county ; with a bold and rocky coast, and some fine views 
 of the Irish mountains. See the ancient castle of Loch- 
 naw. 
 
 Glasserto.v parish, if less picturesque than Leswalt, is 
 perhaps more romantic, containing considerable hills, 
 rocky, rugged, and frowning over their little pastoral vales. 
 The mineralogist will here find both granite and schistus. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Lead ; copper ; variegated marble : in Whitehorn pa- 
 ran.
 
 No apology is necessary for adding the Itine- 
 raries of Mr. Pennant and Mr. Cor diner; their uti- 
 lity is too evident. 
 
 ITINERARY OF MR. PENNANT IN 1/69. 
 
 FromDowNiNG to miles. 
 
 Chester - - 21 
 
 North wich - - 18 
 
 Knutsford 8 
 
 Macclesfield - 12 
 
 Buxton - - 10 
 
 Micldleton 13 
 
 Chesterfield - - 11 
 
 Worksop - - 16 
 
 Tuzford - - 12 
 
 Dunham Ferry - 8 
 
 Lincoln - - 10 
 Washenbrough and back 
 
 to Lincoln 6 
 
 Spittle - - 12 
 
 Glanford Bridge - 12 
 
 Barton - 12 
 
 Hull cross the H umber 8 
 
 Burton Constable - 8 
 
 Burlington Quay - 22 
 
 Flamborough Head - 5 
 
 H unman by - - 10 
 
 Scarborough - - 10 
 
 Robin Hood's Bay - 13 
 
 Whitby - - 6 
 
 Shellin Dam 13 
 
 Gisborough 9 
 
 Stockton - - 12 
 
 Durham * 20 
 
 Chester-lc-Street - 6 
 
 Newcastle 9 
 
 Morpeth 14 
 
 Fdton . . 9 
 
 From Felt on to 
 Alnwick 
 Belford 
 Berwick 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 miles. 
 10 
 16 
 16 
 
 16 
 10 
 
 6 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 15 
 
 Old Cambes 
 Dunbar 
 North Berwick 
 Preston Pans 
 Edinburgh 
 South Ferry - 
 North Ferry - 
 Kinross 
 Rumbling Brig, Castle 
 Campell and back to 
 Kinross - 20 
 
 Castle Dupplin - 13 
 Perth - - 8 
 
 Scone 1 
 
 Luckerty 1 
 
 Dunkeld - * 13 
 
 Tayinouth - - 20 
 CarrieonLochRannoch 15 
 Blair - -, 20 
 
 Through Glen Tilt to In- 
 
 vercauld 35 
 
 Tujloch - - 18 
 
 Kincairn - 15 
 
 Banchorie - - 9 
 Aberdeen * - 18 
 Bowness 25 
 
 Craigston Castle - 27 
 Banf 9 
 
 2b3 Culleu
 
 From Banff to m 
 
 Cullen - 
 Gordon Castle 
 Elgin - - - 
 Forres - 
 Tarnaway,Castle Calder 
 
 Fort Geoi'ge 
 Inverness . 
 Castle Dunie 
 Dingwall, Foulis. - 
 Ballinagouan - 
 Tain - 
 IXmioch 
 Dunrobin Castle 
 Helmisdale 
 Langwall 
 Clythe 
 Thrumster 
 Wick - 
 B"ungsby Bay and John- 
 
 a-Groat's House - 
 To Canesby and back the 
 
 same road 
 Inverness 
 General's lint 
 Fort Augustus 
 Fort William 
 Kinloch Levin 
 King's House 
 Tyndrum 
 Dalmaiie 
 
 iles. 
 
 8 
 12 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 10 
 18 
 15 
 
 G 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 18 
 
 From Dalmalif. to 
 
 Inverary 
 
 Tarbat 
 
 Luss 
 
 Dumbarton 
 
 Glasgow 
 
 Hamilton and back to 
 
 Glasgow - - 24 
 
 Kilsyth - -13 
 
 Stirling - - 18 
 
 Falkirk - - 8 
 
 Hopetoun House - 15 
 
 Edinburgh - - 11 
 
 JLenton - - 18 
 
 ' Bild - - - IS 
 
 Moffat - - - 18 
 
 Lockerby - - 18 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Longtown - - 21 
 
 Carlisle - - 9 
 
 Penrith - -18 
 
 Snap - - - 1 1 
 
 Kendal - - 15 
 
 Burton - - 1 1 
 
 Lancaster - - 11 
 
 Gars tang - - 11 
 
 Preston - 1 1 
 
 Wigau - - IS 
 
 Warrington - - 13 
 
 Chester - -21- 
 
 Downing, (Flintshire) 21 
 
 ITINERARY OF MR. PENNANT IN 1772. 
 
 From 
 
 
 
 vales. 
 
 
 miles. 
 
 Ardmady 
 
 toV 
 
 'ort Sonna- 
 
 Kiliin 
 
 - 20 
 
 chan 
 
 
 . 
 
 IS 
 
 Taymouth 
 
 - Hi 
 
 Inverary 
 
 
 _ 
 
 11 
 
 Logierait 
 
 12 
 
 Cladich 
 
 
 _ 
 
 10 
 
 Blair 
 
 - 12 
 
 Tyndrum 
 
 
 - 
 
 12 
 
 Dunkcld 
 
 - 20 
 Delvin
 
 Dclvin 
 
 Perth 
 
 Dupplin 
 
 InnerpefTery - 
 
 Crier by Fintillich 
 
 Comerie 6 
 
 To Loch Earn and three 
 miles along its sides 9 
 
 Back to Fintillich - 18 
 
 Castle Drummond - 1 
 
 Kaymes Castle - 4 
 Ardoch 3 
 
 To Tullibardine by Dup- 
 plin - - 20" 
 Tibbimoor,Hunting-tow- 
 er, and again to Dup- 
 plin - - 10 
 Perth - - 5 
 Errol - - 10 
 Dundee - - 15 
 Pannmre - -10 
 Aberbrothic - - 7 
 Feriden, (Montrose) - 12 
 North Bridge - 5 
 Lawrence Kirk - 6" 
 Stonehive - - 15 
 Urie - - 2 
 Fe'tercairn - 18 
 Catter-thun - 9 
 Brechin 3 
 Careston - - 5 
 Forfar - - 6 
 Glamis 5 
 Belmont - 6 
 Dunsinane - - 10 
 Perth - - 7 
 Dupplin by the Stirling 
 
 road - - 3 
 
 Earn Bridge - 4 
 
 Abernethy - 4 
 
 miles. 
 
 
 mile*. 
 
 7 
 
 Falkland 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 Melville " 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 St. Andrews 
 
 - 14 
 
 10 
 
 Levin 
 
 - 15 
 
 5 
 
 Kirkaldie 
 
 9 
 
 By Kinghorn to Aber- 
 
 dbur - - 8 
 
 Dumfermline 8" 
 
 Limekilns by Broomhafl 4 
 Culross - 4 
 
 Claekniannan - 4 
 
 Alloa - - 1 
 
 Stirling - - 7 
 
 Falkirk - - 11 
 
 Linlithgow 8 
 
 Kirkliston 8 
 
 Edinburgh 8 
 
 Hawthornden, Roslin, & 
 
 back to Edinburgh 14 
 Dalkeith, and again to 
 
 Edinburgh - 14 
 
 Cranston - - 10 
 
 Crichton and Borthwick 
 Castle, and back to 
 Crichton - - 10 
 Blackshields - - 4 
 Lauder - - 11 
 
 Galashiels - - 10 
 Melross - - 3 
 
 Dry burgh 3 
 
 Kelso - - 10 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Carham - - 5 
 
 Palms burne - - 8 
 
 Wooller 8 
 
 Wooler-haugh Head 2 
 
 Chillingrham Castle 3 
 
 Percys Cross - 5 
 
 Whittingham - 5 
 
 Halfway House - 4 
 Rothbury
 
 
 miles. 
 
 
 miles. 
 
 Rothbury 
 
 5 
 
 Skipton 
 
 18 
 
 Cambo 
 
 - 11 
 
 Kci^hley 
 
 10 
 
 Hexham 
 
 - 18 
 
 Halifax 
 
 12 
 
 Corbridge 
 
 4 
 
 Rochdale 
 
 16 
 
 Newcastle 
 
 - 17 
 
 Alkrington 
 
 6 
 
 Durham 
 
 - 15 
 
 Manchester 
 
 6 
 
 Bishop Aukland 
 
 - 10 
 
 Barton Bridge 
 
 5 
 
 Peirce Bridge 
 
 12 
 
 Warrington 
 
 - 15 
 
 Richmond 
 
 10 
 
 Chester 
 
 - 20 
 
 Wensley 
 
 10 
 
 Downing 
 
 - 22 
 
 Kettlewell 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 ITINERARY OF MR. CORD1NER. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Cordiner, minister of Banff, undertook 
 the following Tour at the request of Mr. Pennant, who pub- 
 lished his elegant account in a small quarto volume, from 
 which I have extracted in the preceding pages what is most 
 worthy the Tourist's notice. 
 
 From Banff to 
 
 miles. 
 
 
 miles. 
 
 Forglen 
 
 7 
 
 l'ennach Wells 
 
 2 
 
 Rothiemay 
 
 7 
 
 Inn of Tulloch 
 
 1 
 
 Huntley 
 
 7 
 
 Kildnuny Castle 
 
 - 14 
 
 Gartlev Castle 
 
 5 
 
 Dunadeer Castle 
 
 - 12 
 
 HillofNoth 
 
 2 
 
 Old Meldrum 
 
 - 12 
 
 Rynie 
 
 2 
 
 Ellon 
 
 8 
 
 Archindore 
 
 2 
 
 Slains Castle 
 
 - 12 
 
 Kildrummy Castle 
 
 5 
 
 Boddam Castle 
 
 4 
 
 Kirk of Towie 
 
 3 
 
 Peterhead 
 
 3 
 
 Glenkindie 
 
 2 
 
 Inverugie Castle 
 
 3 
 
 Edenglaffa 
 
 8 
 
 Abbey oi Deer 
 
 I) 
 
 Ingie Bridge 
 
 9 
 
 Cams of Memsie 
 
 - 12 
 
 Monalterie 
 
 8 
 
 Dundarg Castle 
 
 - 7 
 
 Iuvcrcauld 
 
 6 
 
 Trouj)!iead 
 
 - 7 
 
 Mar-lodge 
 
 (i 
 
 Wallace Tower 
 
 6 
 
 Balmoral 
 
 - 11 
 
 House of Boyne 
 
 - 12 
 
 Abergeldio 
 
 3 
 
 Portsoy 
 
 
 (ilengarn 
 
 4 
 
 Findlater Castle 
 
 4 
 
 CraigsofBoliter 
 
 1 
 
 Cullen 
 
 -
 
 
 
 miles. 
 
 
 
 mile*, 
 
 Gordon Castle 
 
 - 
 
 12 
 
 Freswick Castle 
 
 - 
 
 4 
 
 Elgin 
 
 - 
 
 8 
 
 Dungsby Head or , 
 
 John- 
 
 Burgh-Head 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 o Groat's House 
 
 
 4 
 
 Findhorn 
 
 _ 
 
 6 
 
 Rater 
 
 - 
 
 8 
 
 Kinloss Abbey 
 
 - 
 
 2 
 
 Thurso 
 
 . 
 
 10 
 
 Forres 
 
 - 
 
 2 
 
 Braal Castle 
 
 - 
 
 6" 
 
 Nairn 
 
 _ 
 
 11 
 
 Dilred Castle 
 
 - 
 
 H 
 
 Inverness 
 
 - 
 
 15 
 
 Scotscalder 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 Bcauly 
 
 - 
 
 11 
 
 Westficld 
 
 - 
 
 4 
 
 Dingwall 
 
 - 
 
 9 
 
 Sand side 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 Invergordon 
 
 - 
 
 15 
 
 Strathy Bay 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 Tarbet-ness 
 
 - 
 
 12 
 
 Armisdale 
 
 - 
 
 5 
 
 Tain 
 
 - 
 
 8 
 
 Boorve Castle 
 
 - 
 
 5 
 
 Dornoch 
 
 - 
 
 8 
 
 Inn at Far 
 
 - 
 
 2 
 
 Golspie 
 
 - 
 
 8 
 
 Tongue 
 
 - 
 
 10 
 
 Brora 
 
 - 
 
 5 
 
 Castle Varrich 
 
 - 
 
 2 
 
 Kintradwcll 
 
 - 
 
 o 
 
 Ribby-dale 
 
 - 
 
 2 
 
 Round-tower at Achir- 
 
 
 Dun Dornadilla 
 
 - 
 
 12 
 
 nakyle 
 
 - 
 
 8 
 
 Monasdale 
 
 - 
 
 10 
 
 Cascade at Carril 
 
 - 
 
 4 
 
 Lord Ilea's table 
 
 - 
 
 10 
 
 Castle Bran 
 
 - 
 
 4 
 
 Lar.t; 
 
 - 
 
 30 
 
 Pictish House at Loth 
 
 o 
 
 Fall of the river Shin 
 
 4 
 
 Helmisdale 
 
 - 
 
 5 
 
 Ferry at Invershin 
 
 - 
 
 2 
 
 Berrydaie 
 
 - 
 
 y 
 
 Dunalishaig 
 
 - 
 
 10 
 
 Kirk of Lathei'on 
 
 - 
 
 10 
 
 Tain 
 
 - 
 
 10 
 
 Clvthe 
 
 - 
 
 5 
 
 Cromarty 
 
 - 
 
 11 
 
 Wick 
 
 - 
 
 11 
 
 Fort George 
 
 - 
 
 10 
 
 Gaernigo Castle 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
 Banff 
 
 - 
 
 70 
 
 Keiss Castle 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 From Tnverary to Blair, and from thence to Edinburgh. 
 
 From Inverary to miles. 
 Daimalie - - 1(> 
 
 Killin - - 21 
 
 [Go from Killin to Ken- 
 
 n i o re by th e rigii t side of 
 
 Loch Tuy, about 2 m. 
 
 from Keamore inquire 
 for the HermitageJ] 
 Kenrno.'fi - - lfi 
 
 
 miles, 
 
 Tyndrum 
 
 - 12 
 
 Blair 
 
 - 27 
 
 Dunk eld 
 
 - 20 
 
 Perth 
 
 - 15 
 
 Kinross 
 
 - 15 
 
 Stirling 
 
 - 24 
 
 Edinburgh 
 
 - 3G
 
 List of Towns where Post Horses, 8fC. may be obtained. 
 
 Aberdeen, Ab. Airdrie, Lan. Alloa, Clack. Annan, Dnm. 
 Anstruther, Fife. Arbroath, Forf. Ardrossan, Ayrs. 
 
 Ballantrae, Ayrs. Banff, Banff'. Bankhouse-Inn nearMid- 
 dleton, Edin. Beith, Ayr. Bervie, Kin. Berwick on Tweed, 
 JSerw. Blackshiels, Brechin, Ang. BrownhiH. 
 
 Cairn of Lochryan, Z>Mm. Callander, Perth. Carlisle. Cas- 
 terton Haugh Head, Castle Douglas, Castle Haugh Head, 
 Kirk. Coldstream, Ber. Crieff, Per. Crook, Per. Cullen, 
 Ban. Cumbernauld, about m. e. of Dumbarton, Bum. 
 Cumnock, Ayr. Cupar-Angus, Per. Cupar-Fife, Fife. 
 
 Dalkeith. Dingwall, Ross. Douglas Mill, Lan. Dry 
 Grange near Lauder, Ber. Dumbarton. Dumfries. Dunbar, 
 Had. Dundee, Ang. Dunfermline, Fife. Dunkcld, Per. 
 
 Edinburgh. Elgin, Mor. Ellon, Ab. Elvanfoot Inn, Lan. 
 15 m. from Moffat. 
 
 Falkirk, Stir. Fochabers, Mo. Forfar, Ang. Forres, Mo. 
 Frasersburgh, Aber. 
 
 Gatehouse of Fleet, Kir. Girvan, Ayr. Glasgow. Glen- 
 luce, Wig. Greenlaw, Ber. Greenock, Ren. Gretna-green. 
 
 Haddington, Lot. Hamilton, Lan. Haugh Head, Nort. 
 Hawick, Rox. Holytown, Lan. Huntley, Ab. 
 
 Jedburgh, Rox. Inverness, In. Inver, Per. Inverurie, 
 Ab. Irvine, Ay. 
 
 Keith, Ba. Kelso, Rox. Kilmarnock, Ay. Kinross, Kin. 
 Kirkaldy between Kirkaldy, Fifeshire ; and Balbirnie be- 
 tween Balbirnie and Falkland Road. Kirkoswald, Ayr. 
 
 Lanark, La. Langholm, Dum. Lauder, Ber. Laurence- 
 kirk, Kin. Linlithgow, Lin. Lockerby, Dumf. Longtown. 
 
 Maybolc, Ayr. Mid Calder, Edin. Middleton, Ed. Mof- 
 fat, Dum. Montrose, Ang. 
 
 Nairn, Na. Newton Stewart, Wig. Noble House, Wig. 
 North Queen's-ferry, Fife. Norton, Ber. 
 
 Old Cumnoch, Ay. Old Meldrum, Aber. 
 
 Paisley, Ren. Peebles, Peeb. Perth, Pcrths. Peterhead, 
 Ab. Pettycur Harbour, Fife. Pit mac hie near Inverurie, 
 Port Glasgow, Ren. Port Patrick, Wig. Press, Ber. 
 
 St. Andrews, Fife. Saltcoats, Ayr. Sanquhar. Selkirk. 
 South Queen's-ferry. Stirling, Sti. Stonehaven. Stranraer. 
 
 Turreff, Aber. Tushie Bridge. 
 
 Uphall Inn, Linlith. 
 
 Waterside Inn near Galston. Weldon Bridge. West 
 Craigs, near Bath-gate, Lin. Whitburn, W. Lo. Whitting- 
 ham, Hud. Windygates, Woodhaven, Fi. Wooller, Nor,
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. I. 
 
 The Seas which surround the British Isles are the Atlantic 
 Ocean, the German or North Sea, the Irish Sea, and the 
 English Channel. 
 
 GULFS formed bij the Atlantic. 
 
 The Firth of Clyde, Scotland 
 Donegal Bay, West of Ireland 
 Gal way Bay, West of Ireland 
 Dingle Bay, West of Ireland 
 Cardigan Bay, Wales 
 The Bristol Channel - 
 
 GULFS formed by the North Sea. 
 
 The Wash, on the Norfolk coast - 
 Firth of Forth, Scotland - 
 Firth of Murray, Scotland - 
 
 STREIGHTS. 
 
 The Pentland Firth, between Scotland 
 and the Orkney Isles - 
 
 The Minch, between Scotland and the 
 Western Isles - 
 
 The North Channel, hetw. Scotl. & Irel. 
 
 St. George's Channel, betw. Engl. & Irel. 
 
 The Streights of Dover, between Eng- 
 land and France 45,8 18 yards from Do- 
 ver Castle to Calais Church 
 
 The Solent, between England and the. 
 IsleofWbht . 
 
 tENGTH 
 
 BREADTH 
 
 miles. 
 
 miles. 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 35 
 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 10 
 
 50 
 
 20 
 
 SO 
 
 25 
 
 24 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 37 
 
 17* 
 
 50" 
 
 35 
 20 
 PRINCIPAL
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 PRINCIPAL LAKES. length breadth 
 
 D^nvent Water, Cumberland, Keswick 
 
 Broad Water, Cumberland 
 
 UllesVater, Cumberland & Westmorel. 
 
 Winander Mere, Ambleside, Lancashire 
 and Westmoreland - 
 
 Loch Ness, Inverness, Scotland - 
 
 Loch Tay, Perthshire - 
 
 Loch Lomond, Dumbartonshire - 
 
 Lough Foyle, Londonderry, Ireland 
 
 Lough Neagh, Antrim, Tyrone, and Ar- 
 magh - - 
 
 Lough Earne, Formagh - 
 
 Lough Ree, Westmeath 
 
 Lough Derg, Tipperary - 
 
 Lough Corrib, Galway - 
 
 Killarncy, or Lough Lane, Killarney 
 
 ItiVERS. 
 
 Thames rises in Gloucestershire near Cirencester 
 
 Humbei, by the junction of the Ouse and Trent - 33 
 
 Severn, rises out of Mount Pliblimmon, s. of Montgo- 
 meryshire __._-.. 155' 
 
 The Thame, formed by several brooks in Bucking- 
 hamshire and Oxfordsh. and falls into the Thames 30 
 
 The Kennet rises in Wiltshire and Berkshire, and falls 
 into the Thames ------ 45 
 
 The Trent rises in North Stafford, and falls into the 
 Humber - - - - - - - -134 
 
 The Ouse rises in Yorkshire^ and falls info the Hum- 
 ber near Howden ------ 45 
 
 The Upper Avon rises in Naseby Field at Tevvks- 
 bury, and falls into the Severn - (SO 
 
 The Lower Avon rises in Tetbury, North Wiltshire, 
 and falls into the Severn below Bristol - - 50 
 
 The Wye rises in Mount Plinlimmon, and falls into 
 the Severn at Chepstow - - - - - 120 
 
 TheTwced, s. of the co. of Peebles-shire, SCOTLAND /0 
 
 The Forth, Loch Kuyton s. of Perthshire - -60 
 
 The 
 
 miles. 
 
 vales. 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 7 
 
 i 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 '> 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 21 
 
 Yz 
 
 31 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 
 miles hi 
 
 
 course. 
 
 "ester 
 
 17<)
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 miles in course. 
 The Tay, in the mountains w. of Perth - - 90 
 The Clyde, near Crawfor s. of Lanarkshire - 75 
 The Shannon, county of Leitrim,' Ireland - 180 
 
 No. II. 
 
 CANALS. 
 
 List of the principal Canals,with their length in miles, and rise 
 and fall in feet. N.B. The rise is reckoned from that end 
 of each Canal which is nearest to London, and the fall 
 towards that which is most remote. From Mr. Smith's 
 Map of the Navigable Canals and Rivers. 
 
 Abekdare Canal 
 Aberdeenshire, or Don and Dee - 
 Andover - 
 
 Ashby-de-la-Zouch - 
 Ashton-under-Line - 
 Avon River Navigation to Bath 
 Barnsley .... 
 
 Basingstoke - 
 Birmingham - 
 
 Birmingham and Fazeley 
 Brecknock - 
 
 Caistor ... 
 
 Caledonian 
 
 Cardiff - 
 
 Chester 
 
 Chesterfield 
 
 Coventry 
 
 Crinan - 
 
 Cromford 
 
 Croydon 
 
 Dearne and Dove 
 
 Derby 
 
 Trent Branch 
 Erewash Branch 
 
 Dorset and Somerset 
 
 Dudley - 
 
 Duke of Bridgevvater s 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 length. 
 
 rise. 
 
 n 
 
 40 
 
 19 
 
 170 
 
 22l 
 
 
 
 30|. 
 
 140 
 
 7 
 
 152 
 
 26j 
 
 
 14* 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 195 
 
 22a 
 
 35 
 
 16f 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 6$ 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 601 
 
 90 
 
 25 
 
 
 174 
 
 
 
 4(5 
 
 45 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 58 
 
 14| 
 
 80 
 
 9 
 
 150 
 
 9k 
 
 125 
 
 9 
 
 29 
 
 Sk 
 
 29 
 
 42 
 
 
 10i 
 
 
 
 36' 
 
 
 
 fall. 
 
 
 
 177 
 
 84 
 
 
 120 
 
 
 
 169 
 
 22S 
 
 
 94 
 
 171 
 
 335 
 
 87 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 85 
 r'4 
 EUesmere
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 length, 
 
 rise. 
 
 fall 
 
 Ellesmere - 
 
 57 
 
 228 
 
 S80 
 
 firewash - 
 
 12 
 
 181 
 
 
 Fazeley - 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 Forth and Clyde - 
 
 35 
 
 155 
 
 156 
 
 Glasgow and Saltcoats 
 
 
 
 
 Glenkenn3 - 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 Gloucester - 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grand Junction 
 
 
 
 
 Brentford to Braunston 
 
 93i 
 
 5f>7 
 
 229 
 
 Paddington to Braunston 
 
 10 Li 
 
 437 
 
 29 
 
 Grand Union - 
 
 23i 
 
 54 
 
 76 
 
 Grand Western - 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 Grand Trunk or Trent & Mersey 
 
 93 
 
 316 
 
 326 
 
 Grantham - 
 
 30 
 
 148 
 
 
 
 Haslingden - 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 Hereford and Gloucester 
 
 36 
 
 195| 
 
 30 
 
 Huddersfield - 
 
 m 
 
 335 
 
 436 
 
 Ken net and Avon - 
 
 57 
 
 211 
 
 402 
 
 Kennet River Navigation 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 Kington and Leominster 
 
 45i 
 
 496 
 
 48 
 
 Lancaster - 
 
 76 
 
 422 
 
 
 
 Leeds and Liverpool 
 
 117 
 
 43? 
 
 410 
 
 Leicester Canal and Navigation 
 
 214 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 Loughboro'Canal and Navigation 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 Manchester, Bolton, and Bury 
 
 15 
 
 187 
 
 
 
 Manchester and Oldham - 
 
 11 
 
 152 
 
 
 Melton Mowbray Canal & Navig. 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 Monmouthshire 
 
 
 
 
 Afon Branch from Newport - 
 
 11 
 
 447 
 
 
 
 Ebwy Branch from Newport - 
 
 12 
 
 358 
 
 
 
 Montgomery - 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 Neath 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 North Wilts - 
 
 8| 
 
 
 
 59 
 
 Nottingham - - - - 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 Oakham - 
 
 15 
 
 126 
 
 
 
 Oxford 
 
 91 j 
 
 195 
 
 74 
 
 Peak Forest - 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 Rochdale - 
 
 3U 
 
 338 
 
 275 
 
 Salisbury and Southampton 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 JBackcy Navigation 
 
 122 
 
 78 1 
 
 
 
 Sever*
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 length 
 
 178 
 17 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 46 V 
 15 
 23 k 
 . 8 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 112 
 
 284 
 
 rise. 
 
 225 
 155 
 
 333 
 
 138 
 
 13 
 
 294 
 
 
 366 
 26 J 
 
 129 
 
 fan. 
 
 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 209 
 
 102 
 
 Severn River Navigation from 
 Flat Holm Isl. to Welch Pool 
 Shrewsbury - 
 
 Shropshire .... 
 Somerset Coal Canal 
 Dunkerton Branch 
 Radstock Branch 
 Staffordshire and Worcestershire 
 Stainforth and Keadby 
 Stratford-upon-Avon 
 Stroud - 
 
 Swansea 
 
 Tavistock 
 Thames River Navigation from 
 
 London to Lechlade 
 Thames and Severn 
 Trent River Navigation from the 
 Humber to the Grand Trunk at 
 Wilden Ferry - 
 Union 
 
 Warwick and Birmingham 
 Warwick and Napton 
 Wilts and Berks 
 Worcester and Birmingham 
 Wyrley and Essington 
 Branches of Ditto 
 
 No. III. 
 
 The Heights of the principal Hills and Mountains in England, 
 Wales, and Scotland, above the level of the sea. Those in\ 
 England and Wales are chiefly from Colonel Mtidges 
 trigonometrical Survey, the ethers principally from the 
 Geological Transactions; in Sec Hand, some are from the 
 11 ernerian Transactions. 
 
 100 
 
 m 
 
 25 
 15 
 
 52 
 29 
 24 
 10 
 
 165 
 
 
 
 270 
 
 241 
 
 86 l 2 
 175 
 
 211 
 
 428 
 
 
 BEKKSHIK.E 
 
 White Horse Hill 
 
 Scliutchamfly Beacon 
 Nuffield Common 
 Whitehani Hill 
 
 BUCKS. 
 
 iVendover Down 
 Muzzle Hill 
 >ow Bsiekhill 
 
 feet 
 *893 
 855 
 757 
 76 
 
 905 
 744 
 683 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, 
 
 Rovston 
 
 Orwell 
 
 Maddjngly 
 
 CHESHIRE, 
 
 Mow Copt 
 Delanjere Forest 
 Beestpn Castle (top) 
 Heswell Hill 
 2c2 
 
 feet 
 481 
 502 
 258 
 
 1091 
 
 595 
 
 5:6 
 
 475 
 
 Bellefield
 
 APPENDIX.- 
 
 -Heigi 
 
 
 
 feet 
 
 Bellefield Hill 
 
 401 
 
 CORNWALL. 
 
 
 Brown Willy 
 
 1568 
 
 Carraton Hill 
 
 1208 
 
 Kithill 
 
 1067 
 
 Kensbarrow Beacon 
 
 1034 
 
 Cadon Barrow 
 
 1011 
 
 ' Cam Marth 
 
 849 
 
 Kambonellis 
 
 822 
 
 ICarnminnis 
 
 805 
 
 * Cam Brea 
 
 697 
 
 Pertinney 
 
 689 
 
 Bindown 
 
 658 
 
 Bodmin Down 
 
 645 
 
 St. Agnes Beacon 
 
 621 
 
 St. Stephen's Church 
 
 605 
 
 * Launceston 
 
 591 
 
 ' Tregoning Hill (signal) 
 
 548 
 
 X<ansallas 
 
 514 
 
 * Callington 
 St. Bunan 
 
 428 
 
 415 
 
 ' Redruth, Gray's Hotel 
 
 414 
 
 * St. Just, Church Town 
 
 404 
 
 Maker Heights 
 
 402 
 
 Sennen 
 
 587 
 
 Deadman 
 
 379 
 
 * Scorrier House 
 
 577 
 
 * Redruth Church Parsonage 350 
 
 Trevose Head 
 
 274 
 
 * St. Michael's Mount 
 
 251 
 
 ' Muilyon Church Town 
 
 280 
 
 ' Cape Cornwall 
 
 229 
 
 *St. Kevern's Church 
 
 213 
 
 * Bodmin 
 
 188 
 
 'Mean Cliff Sennen 
 
 188 
 
 ' Menachan 
 
 153 
 
 Saltash 
 
 175 
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 
 
 Sea Fell High Point 
 
 3166 
 
 S<'a Fell Low Point 
 
 5092 
 
 Helvellyn 
 
 3055 
 
 Skiddaw 
 
 5022 
 
 Bow Fell 
 
 2911 
 
 Cross Fell 
 
 2901 
 
 Pillar 
 
 2893 
 
 Saddleback 
 
 2787 
 
 Grasmere Fell 
 
 2756 
 
 High Pike 
 
 2101 
 
 heights of Hills in England. 
 
 Black Comb 
 
 feet 
 
 1919 
 
 Dent Hill 
 
 1115 
 
 Scilly Bank 
 
 5CV 
 
 DERBYSHIRE. 
 
 
 Holme Moss 
 
 1859 
 
 Axedge 
 
 Lord s Seat 
 
 1751 
 
 1751 
 
 Hathersedge 
 
 1577 
 
 Orpit Heights 
 
 980 
 
 DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 
 Cawston Beacon 
 
 1792 
 
 Rippin Torr Dartmoor 
 
 1549 
 
 Butterton Hill 
 
 1203 
 
 ' Black Down 
 
 1160 
 
 ' Two Bridges, Dartmoor 
 
 1148 
 
 ' Source of the Erme, Dan 
 
 -. 
 
 moor 
 
 1131 
 
 Little Ilalden 
 
 818 
 
 ' Brent Torr Inn 
 
 802 
 
 ' Hartford Church 
 
 658 
 
 ' St. Mary Tavy 
 Furland 
 
 648 
 589 
 
 Bolt Head 
 
 450 
 
 ' Oakhsmpton 
 ' Ivy llridge 
 
 423 
 510 
 
 ' Exeter 
 
 123 
 
 DORSETSHIRE. 
 
 
 Wingreen Hill 
 Pilsdon Hill 
 
 941 
 954 
 
 Bull Barrow 
 
 927 
 
 ' Mintern Magna 
 
 89) 
 
 Dumpdon Hill 
 
 879 
 
 Black Down 
 
 817 
 
 Charton Common 
 
 5S2 
 
 ISLE OF PUIIBECK. 
 
 
 SwyorHill Top 
 
 669 
 
 Nine Harrow Down 
 
 642 
 
 < dialler II ill 
 
 590 
 
 Norden Hill 
 
 569 
 
 ' St. Aldham's Ilend 
 
 544 
 
 ' Corfi- ( hustle Hill 
 
 207 
 
 ' Corfe Castle Village, Ship 
 
 Inn 
 
 105 
 
 'Hillock on Poole Heath 
 
 102 
 
 ISLE OF PORTLAND. 
 
 
 ' Signal House near Chesil 
 
 458 
 
 ' Southwell Village 
 
 99 
 
 ' Southern Lighthouse 
 
 64 
 
 DURHAM.
 
 APPENDIX. Heights of Hills in England. 
 
 DURHAM. 
 
 feet 
 
 
 feet 
 
 Kilhope Law 
 
 2196 
 
 Dover Castle 
 
 469 
 
 Coilier Law 
 
 1078 
 
 Allington Knoll 
 
 329 
 
 Pontop Pike 
 
 1018 
 
 Shooter's Hill 
 
 446 
 
 Brandon Mount 
 
 875 
 
 Tenterden Steeple 
 
 322 
 
 Wordeslow Hill 
 
 632 
 
 Greenwich Observatory 
 
 214 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 
 Lydd 
 
 130 
 
 High Beach 
 
 750 
 
 High Nook 
 
 28 
 
 Langdon Hill 
 
 375 
 
 LANCASHIRE. 
 
 
 GLOCESTERSHIRE. * 
 
 
 Coniston Fell 
 
 2577 
 
 Cleave Down 
 
 1134 
 
 Pendle Hill 
 
 1803 
 
 Broadway Beacon 
 
 1086 
 
 Bleasdale Forest 
 
 1709 
 
 May Hill 
 
 965 
 
 Wittle Hill 
 
 1614 
 
 Stow on the Wold 
 
 883 
 
 Boulsworth Hill 
 
 1689 
 
 Symmonds Hall 
 
 795 
 
 Rivington Hill 
 
 1545 
 
 Farley Down near Bath 
 
 700 
 
 Billinge Beacon 
 
 633 
 
 HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 
 Go Hill 
 
 504 
 
 Inkpin Beacon 
 
 1011 
 
 Beryl Hill 
 
 128 
 
 Butser Hill 
 
 917 
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE. 
 
 
 Highclere Beacon 
 
 9C0 
 
 Bardon Hill 
 
 853 
 
 Stockbridge Hill 
 
 620 
 
 Stathern Point 
 
 490 
 
 Dean Hill ' 
 
 539 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 
 Portsdown Hill 
 
 447 
 
 Hanger Hill Tower 
 
 251 
 
 ISLE OF WIGHT. 
 
 
 King's Arbour 
 
 132 
 
 Dunnose 
 
 792 
 
 Hampton Poor-house 
 
 86 
 
 ' Shanklin Hill 
 
 769 
 
 MONMOUTH. 
 
 
 ' St. Catherine's Seamark 
 
 750 
 
 Sugarloaf Mountain 
 
 1852 
 
 Mottiston Downs 
 
 698 
 
 Mynydd Maen 
 
 1568 
 
 ' Bembridge Down 
 
 400 
 
 Treleg Beacon 
 
 1011 
 
 ' Highdown Signal House 
 4 Highdown Light House 
 
 430 
 
 NORTHAMPTON. 
 
 
 379 
 
 Arbury Hill 
 
 SO 4 
 
 1 Highdown, most western 
 
 part 
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 
 above the Needles 
 
 189 
 
 Cheviot 
 
 2658 
 
 * Niton 
 
 275 
 
 Hedgehope 
 
 2347 
 
 ' Alum Chalybeate Spring 
 
 130 
 
 Simonside Hill 
 
 1407 
 
 HEREFORD. 
 
 
 Alnwick Moor 
 
 808 
 
 Stow Hill 
 
 1417 
 
 Blackheddon 
 
 646 
 
 HERTFORD. 
 
 
 Rufflaw 
 
 595 
 
 Kensworth 
 
 904 
 
 NOTTINGHAM. 
 
 
 Lillyhoe 
 
 664 
 
 Sherwood Forest, near Sutton 
 
 ISLE OF MAN. 
 
 
 Ashfield 
 
 600 
 
 Snea Fell 
 
 2004 
 
 Holland Hill 
 
 487 
 
 North Berule 
 
 1804 
 
 OXFORDSHIRE. 
 
 
 KENT. 
 
 
 Ejnvell Hill 
 Nettlebed Windmill 
 
 836 
 
 Paddlesworth 
 
 642 
 
 820 
 
 Hollingborn Hill 
 
 616 
 
 Shotover Hill 
 
 599 
 
 Folkstune Turnpike 
 
 575 
 
 SHROPSHIRE. 
 
 
 Swingfield Steeple 
 Goudhurst 
 
 530 
 
 Brown Clay Hill 
 
 1805 
 
 497 
 
 Long Mount Forest 
 
 1674 
 
 
 
 2c 3 ^ 
 
 Vrefcn
 
 APPENDIX. Heights of Hills In Wales. 
 
 
 feet 
 
 
 feet 
 
 Wrekin 
 
 1520 
 
 Westbury Down 
 
 775 
 
 Hawkstone Obelisk 
 
 812 
 
 Beacon Hill 
 
 690 
 
 SOMERSETSHIRE. 
 
 
 Thorney Down 
 
 610 
 
 Dunkery Beacon 
 
 1668 
 
 Old Sarum 
 
 359 
 
 Wills Neck or Bagborough 
 JVIendip Station N. of Sliep- 
 ton Mallet 
 
 1270 
 
 WORCESTERSHIRE. 
 
 
 
 Malvern Hills 
 
 
 999 
 
 Herefordshire Beacon 
 
 1444 
 
 Bradlev Knoll 
 
 973 
 
 ' Worcestershire Beacon 
 
 1313 
 
 Grabbist Hill 
 
 906 
 
 North Hill 
 
 1221 
 
 * North Hill above Bratton 
 
 824 
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 
 !Lansdown 
 
 813 
 
 Ingleborough Hill 
 
 2561 
 
 Dundry Beacon 
 
 790 
 
 Shunnor Fell 
 
 2529 
 
 Ash Beacon 
 
 655 
 
 Whernsidein Ingleton Fells 
 
 2384 
 
 Thorncy Down 
 
 610 
 
 Pennigent Hill 
 
 2270 
 
 Moorlynch Windmill 
 
 330 
 
 Whernside in Kettlewell 
 
 
 Dundon Beacon 
 
 360 
 
 Fells 
 
 2265 
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 
 Cam Fell 
 
 2245 
 
 Weaver Hill 
 
 1154 
 
 The Calf 
 
 2188 
 
 Ashley Heath 
 
 805 
 
 Water Crag 
 
 2186 
 
 Castle Ring 
 
 715 
 
 Holme Moss 
 
 1859 
 
 JJar Beacon 
 
 6^3 
 
 Botton Head or Greenhoe 
 
 i 485 
 
 SURRET. 
 
 
 Loosehoe 
 
 1404 
 
 Leith Hill 
 
 993 
 
 Rumbles Moor 
 
 1508 
 
 Hind Head 
 
 923 
 
 Black Hambleton Down 
 
 1246 
 
 Botley Hill 
 
 880 
 
 Bradlield Point 
 
 1246 
 
 JBanstead 
 
 576 
 
 Roseberry Topping 
 
 1022 
 
 JBagshot Heath 
 
 463 
 
 Danby Beacon 
 
 966 
 
 Hundred Acres 
 
 443 
 
 Wilton Beacon 
 
 809 
 
 Norwood 
 
 389 
 
 Bamaby Moor 
 
 784 
 
 St. Ann's Hill 
 
 240 
 
 Easington Heights 
 
 Burleigh Moor 
 
 681 
 
 SUSSEX. 
 
 
 555 
 
 Ditchling Beacon 
 
 854 
 
 Hunsley Beacon 
 
 551 
 
 Firle Beacon 
 
 820 
 
 Staincross Heights 
 
 514 
 
 Chanctonbury Hill 
 
 814 
 
 Clifton Beacon 
 
 417 
 
 Crowborough Beacon 
 
 804 
 
 Ledstone Beacon 
 
 278 
 
 Rooks Hill 
 
 702 
 
 Gringley on the Hill 
 
 235 
 
 Bow Hill 
 
 702 
 
 
 
 Frant Steeple 
 
 659 
 
 WALFS. 
 
 
 Brightling Down 
 Fail light Down 
 
 646 
 
 
 
 599 
 
 ANGLESEY. 
 
 
 Beacny Head 
 
 564 
 
 Ilolvhead Mountain 
 
 709 
 
 ituckinge 
 
 37 
 
 Llaiielian Mountain 
 
 582 
 
 WARWICKSHIRE. 
 
 
 Lhwdiart Mountain 
 
 523 
 
 Corley 
 
 521 
 
 Moel Rhyddlad 
 
 465 
 
 WESTMORELAND. 
 
 
 BRECON. 
 
 
 Nine Standards 
 
 2156 
 
 Beacons of Brecknock 
 
 2862 
 
 WILTSHIRE. 
 
 
 Caermarthen Van or Trc- 
 
 Inkpin Beacon 
 
 1011 
 
 castlc Beacon 
 
 2596
 
 APPENDIX. Heights of Hills in Scotland. 
 
 
 feet 
 
 
 feet 
 
 Cradle Mountain 
 
 2545 
 
 Long Mountain 
 
 1350 
 
 Capellante 
 
 2594 
 
 Rodney's Pillar, base 
 
 1199 
 
 Dwggan near Builth 
 
 207 I 
 
 ' BredrJin Hill . 
 
 11G9 
 
 CAERMARTHEN. 
 
 
 PEMBROKESHIRE. 
 
 
 New Inn 1 1 ill 
 
 1168 
 
 Cwm Kerwn Hill 
 
 1754 
 
 Llannon 
 
 912 
 
 Brenin Vawr 
 
 1285 
 
 Marros Beacon 
 
 514 
 
 Plumston Down 
 
 575 
 
 CAERNARVON. 
 
 
 Newton Down 
 
 322 
 
 Carnedd Llewellyn 
 
 .5469 
 
 Highgate Down 
 
 294 
 
 Carnedd David 
 
 3427 
 
 St. Ann's Heights at the 
 
 
 Snowdon 
 
 3571 
 
 mouth of Milford Haven 235 
 
 ' Moel Kilio 
 
 2577 
 
 Precelly Top 
 
 1754 
 
 Rivel Mountain 
 
 1S66 
 
 RADNOR. 
 
 
 Gerwvn Goch 
 
 1723 
 
 Radnor Forest 
 
 2163 
 
 Bwlch Mawr 
 
 1673 
 
 
 
 ' Cam Fadern 
 
 1205 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 
 Penmaen Mawr 
 
 1540 
 
 
 
 Rhiw Mountain 
 
 1013 
 
 ABERDEEN. 
 
 
 Ynaliog Mountain 
 
 584 
 
 ' Morven 
 
 5100 
 
 CARDIGAN. 
 
 
 ' Tirmonth 
 
 2500 
 
 Abervstwith 
 
 496 
 
 ' Buck of Cabrach 
 
 2377 
 
 Plynlimmon 
 
 2463 
 
 ' Correen 
 
 2000 
 
 Tregarron Down 
 
 1<747 
 
 ' Fare Hill 
 
 1793 
 
 Talsarn 
 
 1145 
 
 ' Bendochie 
 
 1420 
 
 Capel Kynon 
 
 1046 
 
 ' Mormond 
 
 810 
 
 DENBIGH. 
 
 
 ANGUS. 
 
 
 Cym v Brain Mountain 
 
 1857' 
 
 ' Oathlaw or Catlaw 
 
 2264 
 
 Moel Fammau 
 
 1845 
 
 ' Sidlaw 
 
 1406 
 
 Moel Morwith 
 
 1767 
 
 ' Craig Owl 
 
 1100 
 
 Llauelian Mountain 
 
 1110 
 
 ' Belmont 
 
 759 
 
 Moelfra Issa or Moel y Gacr 1037 
 
 ' Dundee Law 
 
 525 
 
 Gwaunysgaer Down 
 
 732 
 
 ARGYLLSHIRE. 
 
 
 FLINT. 
 
 
 ' Cruachan Ben 
 
 5390 
 
 Garreg Mountain 
 
 855 
 
 ' Cruach Lussa 
 
 3000 
 
 GLAMORGAN. 
 
 
 ' Beinmore (in Mull) 
 
 2980 
 
 Langeinor Mountain 
 
 1859 
 
 'Skurr Dhonuil 
 
 2730 
 
 Margam Down 
 
 1099 
 
 ' Benanambran 
 
 2720 
 
 The Garth 
 
 981 
 
 ' Benreisipoll 
 
 2661 
 
 Cefn Bryn 
 
 583 
 
 ' Buchaeletive 
 
 2537 
 
 Ogmoor Down 
 
 292 
 
 ' Bennaliua 
 
 2515 
 
 MERIONETH. 
 
 
 ' Paps of Jura 
 
 2476 
 
 Arran Fowddy 
 
 2955 
 
 ' Creach Bein 
 
 2439 
 
 Cader Idris 
 
 2914 
 
 ' Bein Ima or Cobler 
 
 2389 
 
 Arrenig 
 
 2809 
 
 ' Skurr Choinich 
 
 2364 
 
 Cader Ferwyn, 
 
 2563 
 
 ' Beneatan 
 
 2306 
 
 Pengarn 
 
 1510 
 
 ' Sleave Goile 
 
 2228 
 
 MONTGOMERY. 
 
 
 ' Beinenturk 
 
 2170 
 
 Llandinam Mountain or 
 
 
 Crock Moy 
 
 2036 
 
 Feggwns Vawr 
 
 1898 
 
 
 Giais-
 
 APPENDIX. Heights of Hills in Scotland. 
 
 feet 
 
 1920 
 7i0 
 
 ' Glaischnircn Bein 
 ' Dunnichoich 
 
 AYR. 
 
 ' Knockdolian 1930 
 
 ' CairnJatle 1650 
 
 ' BJaekside End 15to 
 
 ' Knockdow 1554 
 
 * Carleton 1554 
 ' Knoo'. Nounan 15<_0 
 'Ballagich 1CC0 
 Dunwar 1CC0 
 ' Ailsa in the Frith of Clyde 940 
 ' Knock Doltun 930 
 
 BANFF, 
 
 ' Belrinnes 2747 
 
 ' Corvhabbie 2558 
 
 Knock 2500 
 1 Neath 1850 
 ' Beneagan 1582 
 ' Binhill 1045 
 
 BERWICK. 
 
 Soutra Hill 1716 
 
 ' Dunse Law 630 
 ' Quothquardaw (fro?n the 
 
 Clyde) 6C0 
 
 BUTE. 
 
 ' Goatfield in Arran 2840 
 
 CAITHNESS. 
 
 ' Pap of Caithness 1929 
 
 ' Scarry- Hills 1876 
 
 ' Ord of Caithness 1250 
 
 DUMFRIES. 
 
 Hartfell 5300 
 
 ' {above Moffat) 2762 
 
 ' Black Larg 2890 
 
 Queensberry Hill 2259 
 
 4 Cairn Kinnow 2080 
 
 * Douglas Cairn 1900 
 'Auchinleck 15C0 
 'Tennis Hill 1346 
 Loch Skene 13C0 
 'Langholm Hill 1204 
 ' Errickstone Brae 1118 
 ' Wardlaw in Caerlaverock 826 
 ' Brunswark Hill 7-10 
 
 Annan Hill 256 
 
 ' Graitney Hill 252 
 
 ' Wflitcooin near Moffat 2&4Q 
 
 Edinburgh, feet 
 
 ' Muirfoot Hills 1850 
 ' Cai nethy or Logan House 
 
 Hill 1700 
 
 ' Kirkvetton 1544 
 
 ' Craig Kelton Hill 1450 
 
 ' CastV.aw 1590 
 
 ' Spinal Law 1360 
 
 ' Arthur's Seat 814 
 
 ' Buckstane 690 
 
 ' Salisbury Craigs 550 
 
 ' Dalmahoy HiO 680 
 
 ' Craig Lockhart 540 
 
 ' Corstorphine Hills 470 
 
 ' Calton Hill 350 
 
 FIFE. 
 
 Lomond W. 1721 
 
 Lcmcnd E. 1466 
 
 Largo Law 952 
 
 ' Kelly Law 810 
 
 HADDINGTON. 
 
 ' Berwick Law, N. 940 
 
 INVERNESS. 
 
 ' Eon Nevis 4370 
 
 ' Cairn Gorum 40C0 
 
 ' Scarsough 3412 
 
 ' Mealfourvorie 50C0 
 
 KINCARDINE. 
 
 ' Blount Battock 5465 
 
 ' Kloachnulane 2570 
 
 'Kerloch 1890 
 
 ' Kearn Manearn 1020 
 
 KIRKCUDBRIGHT. 
 
 Scriffield or Grifiell 1831 
 
 ' Cainismoir 1757 
 
 'Bencairn 1200 
 
 ' Cairnharrah 1100 
 
 LANARK. 
 
 ' Lowther or Lauders 3150 
 ' Tinto( from tfieflydcl62G) 2368 
 
 'CulterFell 1700 
 
 ' Lead Hill's Village 1564 
 
 ' Walston Mount 1550 
 ' Leven Scat from the Clyde 12C0 
 
 "VVestraw Law 1000 
 ' Dickmount Hill 700 
 
 LINLITHGOW. 
 
 Cairn Kaple 1498 
 
 Binny
 
 APPENDIX.- 
 
 Heights of Hills in Scotland. 
 
 
 
 feet 
 
 
 feet 
 
 ' Binny Craig 
 
 500 
 
 ' Barry 
 
 688 
 
 4 Cochlerne 
 
 500 
 
 ' Kinnoul (from the Tay) 
 
 652 
 
 ORKNEY. 
 
 
 RENFREW. 
 
 
 ' Rona in Shetland 
 
 3944 
 
 ' Misty Law 
 
 1240 
 
 PEEBLES. 
 
 
 ROSS. 
 
 
 Dollarbum Hill 
 
 2840 
 
 ' Bemvyvis 
 
 5720 
 
 ' Harttield 
 
 28CO 
 
 ROXBURGH. 
 
 
 ' Broadlaw 
 
 2760 
 
 ' Cheviot 
 
 2658 
 
 ' Scrape 
 
 2560 
 
 ' Millenwood Fell 
 
 2000 
 
 ' Gumscleugh 
 
 2200 
 
 ' Dunrigs 
 
 2408 
 
 ' Dundroigh 
 
 2100 
 
 ' Windhead Fell 
 
 2000 
 
 ' Hells Cleugh 
 
 21C0 
 
 Wisp 
 
 1940 
 
 ' Cardon 
 
 2C00 
 
 ' Tudhope Fell 
 
 1830 
 
 ' Minchmoor 
 
 2000 
 
 ' Carter Fell 
 
 1602 
 
 ' IVIeagle 
 
 1480 
 
 ' Meggs Hills 
 
 1480 
 
 * Carden (from the Tweed)l-iOO 
 
 ' Ituberslaw 
 
 1419 
 
 PERTH. 
 
 
 Eilden Hills 
 
 1364 
 
 ' Benlawers 
 
 4015 
 
 ' Dunnion 
 
 1031 
 
 ' Benmore * 
 
 5903 
 
 Minto Hills 
 
 858 
 
 ' Benglo 
 
 5724 
 
 ' Minto Craigs 
 
 649 
 
 ' Schiehallion 
 
 5564 
 
 SELKIRK. 
 
 
 ' Benderig 
 
 5550 
 
 ' Blaekhouse Heights 
 
 2370 
 
 ' Bein Ardlanich 
 
 5500 
 
 ' Windlestraw Law 
 
 2295 
 
 ' Beiivoirlich 
 
 5300 
 
 ' Etterick Pen 
 
 2200 
 
 ' Benledi 
 
 5009 
 
 ' Wardlaw 
 
 1900 
 
 ' Benchonzie 
 
 2922 
 
 ' Hangingshaw Law 
 
 1780 
 
 ' Benvenue 
 
 2800 
 
 ' Three Brethren 
 
 1760 
 
 ' Farragon 
 
 2584 
 
 ' Peat Law 
 
 1557 
 
 ' Bencloch 
 
 2420 
 
 STIRLING. 
 
 
 ' Birnam 
 
 1530 
 
 ' Ben Lomond 
 
 5262 
 
 ' Benachally 
 
 1800 
 
 ' Alva Hill 
 
 1600 
 
 ' Torleum 
 
 1400 
 
 ' Cumpsie Fells 
 
 1500 
 
 Mount Blair 
 
 1300 
 
 WIGTON. 
 
 
 ' King's Seat 
 ' Loch town Hill 
 
 1196 
 
 ' J""- r g 
 
 1758 
 
 1172 
 
 ' Fell of Mochrum 
 
 102O 
 
 ' Kinpuiuie 
 
 1151 
 
 ' Knock of Luce 
 
 1014 
 
 ' Duusinnan 
 
 1024 
 
 ' Burhullion 
 
 814 
 
 All the heights in the foregoing list are from the authority of Co- 
 lonel Mudge and the Geological Transactions, excepting those mark- 
 ed with an inverted comma.
 
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 I- 1
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 An Explanation of the preceding Columns', tvith 
 Observations. 
 
 Column L-i-Aren of England and Wales, in Square Statute Miles, 
 is measured upon Arrowsmith's Large Map (date 1S15-16), which 
 being founded on the Trigonometrical Survey is little liable to future, 
 alteration; and the Measurement of it having been accomplished by 
 means of an actual Division of the Surface into Square Miles, scarcely 
 admits of error as to the Area of Ehglaud and Wales; nor would 
 the Area of each County be less accurate, supposing its detached parts 
 to be all known. Of such irregularities Fifty-three have been taken 
 into account in these Calculations, and those which remain undisco- 
 vered are presumed to be of inconsiderable dimensions, though per- 
 haps not few in number. Most of the detached parts are assessed in 
 the County wherein they are locallv situate. 
 
 To convert the English Square Mile into a measure applicable to 
 the Maws of all civilized Nations (for the purposes of comparison), 
 it is only requisite to reckon it as Three-fourths of the Area of a Ge- 
 ographical Mile ; or that Four Square English Miles are equal to 
 Three Geographical. This proportion maybe deemed exact; for 
 supposing a Degree of Latitude (between 51 and 52 degrees) to mea- 
 sure fi0.8(>4 Fathoms (on the authority of General Mudge), the Area 
 of an English Square Mile compared to that of the Geographical 
 Square Mile, is as ,~C0 to "PS six tenths. 
 
 Column 1 1. Rental of Land as returned liable to the Tenants Tax, 
 for the vear ending April 1811. See p. (i'S of the Accounts relative 
 to the Property Tax, printed by Order of the House of Commons, 
 26 Februarv 1813. 
 
 Column til. Amount of Tithes (from p. 71 of the same Ac- 
 count) being 2,553,249/. per Annum, upon a Rental of 29,476,852/. 
 or Is. Id. in the Found; but a comparison of Columns II. and III. 
 will show how much this burden varies in the several Counties; 
 Hampshire paying 3s. lOd. in the pound, and Sussex 3s. Sd.; Lan- 
 cashire no more than S-^d. About Half the Tithes belong to the 
 Parochial Clergy. 
 
 The Columns II. and III. added together, show the Annual Va- 
 lue of the Land as compared with the Area of the several Counties, 
 supposing the Rental and Tithe to have been assessed to the full Va- 
 lue. Several of the C unities are liable to some degree of inaccuracy 
 in this Computation , not onlv from the detached parts before men- 
 tioned, but also from certain Parishes extending into Two Counties, 
 in both which cases the Assessment is made and the Tax lev'od 
 wholly in whatever County may have bee.i pointed out bv the An- 
 nual Land Tax Acts, manv of which contain Clans'- :. oi this kin, ; a 
 duiLiOit Rule, depending upon the situatica of the Pctrisli Chi.i -h,
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 is prescribed by the Militia Acts, while as to County Rates and the 
 Poor Laws, and for all the purposes of Civil Jurisdiction, the an- 
 cient limit of the Two Counties is decisive, and attendances for Fa. 
 rish business are doubly expensive. No fewer than 134 /Parishes are 
 known to labour under this complicated inconvenience, whicli as well 
 as the irregular limits of Counties (before mentioned) obviously re- 
 quires rectification, and at the same time all Extra Parochial places 
 should be subjected to the otherwise general Laws of the Realm. 
 
 Column IV. Annual Value of Land per Square Mile; and such 
 Mile being 640 Statute Acres, the Annual Value of the Acre may 
 thence be deduced. In this view the Counties of Leicester and So- 
 merset are the most fertile (Middlesex always excepted), their whole 
 Surface averaging at 28s. and 27s. per Acre. The whole Surface of 
 England and Wales averages at 17s. 2d. per Acre- 
 Column V. Population, Male and Female, according to the Re- 
 turns of 1811, exclusive of the ArmyTind Navy. 
 
 Column VI. Density of Population, or Number of Persons on 
 a Square Mile. 
 
 Column VII. Proportion of Agricultural Population, "expressed 
 in Centesimal parts. The Counties of Bedford and Hereford rank 
 highest in this respect among the English Counties, as showing 65 
 Families in ICO to be " employed in and maintained by Agriculture ;" 
 in Wales, where the Division of Labour is not carried so far, and the 
 Artisans and Tradesmen subsidiary to Agriculture are consequently 
 less numerous, some of the Counties exhibit a higher proportion. 
 
 Column VIII. Amount of the Net Product, m the form of Rent 
 and Tithe arising from each Family employed in Agriculture. The 
 most obvious causes of great Suqilus Produce of this kind are, a large 
 proportion of Pasture, Fertility of Soil, and abundance of Capital 
 judiciously applied. The County of Northumberland is very remark- 
 able, as producing 89/. from each Agricultural Family, which is above 
 double the average of the other Counties. Some part of the County 
 of Durham is indeed reckoned to the Northumberland Assessment, 
 from the cause of inaccuracy mentioned in the preceding Observa- 
 tions I. and III, ; but this circumstance allowed for to the utmost, 
 Northumberland would exhibit a Surplus Produce of 8C.L per Agri- 
 cultural Family, Durham being theretv raised to 58/. But tiie high 
 Rents of Northumberland are said to "have required Abatement ear- 
 lier and in a greater degree than elsewhere, when the depreciation of 
 Agricultural Produce took place. All the Calculations herein made 
 refer to the year 1811, as being the most recent in which both the 
 Population and Rental were ascertained. If it were desirable to in- 
 stitute a similar Comparison for any subsequent year, of which the 
 Rental is procurable at the Tax ( )ffice, One and a I ialf per Cent, per 
 Annum might be added to the Population of 1811, that having bee^ 
 the Rate ot Increase in the preceding Ten Years. 
 
 J.R. 1816. 
 
 2d
 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 
 
 N( 
 
 . V. 
 
 
 Area ami 
 
 Population of Scotland. 
 
 
 square 
 
 Popul 
 
 atlon in 1811. 
 
 COUNTIES, 
 
 miles. 
 
 males. 
 
 females. 1 total. 
 
 Perth 
 
 5,000 
 
 64,034 
 
 71,059 
 
 135,093 
 
 Inverness 
 
 4,301 
 
 35,749 
 
 42,6(i(i 
 
 78,415 
 
 Ross and Cromarty 
 
 2,955 
 
 27,640 
 
 33,213 
 
 60,853 
 
 Argyleshire 
 
 2,922 
 
 40,675 
 
 44,910 
 
 85,585 
 
 Sutherland 
 
 1*895 
 
 10,488 
 
 13,141 
 
 23,629 
 
 Aberdeen 
 
 1,891 
 
 60,9/3 
 
 75,930 
 
 136,903 
 
 Orkney and Shetland 
 
 1,601 
 
 20,151 
 
 26,002 
 
 46,153 
 
 Dumbarton 
 
 1,346 
 
 11,369 
 
 12,820 
 
 24,189 
 
 Ayr 
 
 1,036 
 
 48,506 
 
 55,448 
 
 103,954 
 
 Forfar 
 
 929 
 
 4,151 
 
 59,113 
 
 107,264 
 
 Lanark 
 
 871 
 
 88,688 
 
 103,064 
 
 191,752 
 
 Kirkcudbright 
 
 863 
 
 15,788 
 
 17,8.-^6 
 
 33,684 
 
 Banff 
 
 751 
 
 14,911 
 
 19,189 
 
 34,100 
 
 Roxburgh 
 
 737 
 
 17,113 
 
 20,117 
 
 37,230 
 
 Stirling 
 
 703 
 
 27,745 
 
 30,429 
 
 58,174 
 
 Caithness 
 
 691 
 
 10,60^ 
 
 12,811 
 
 23,419 
 
 Elgin 
 
 576 
 
 12,401 
 
 15,707 
 
 28,1 OS 
 
 Berwick 
 
 481 
 
 14,466 
 
 16,313 
 
 30,779 
 
 Fife 
 
 475 
 
 45,968 
 
 55,304 
 
 101,272 
 
 Wigton 
 
 468 
 
 12,205 
 
 14,686 
 
 26,891 
 
 Kincardine 
 
 382 
 
 12,580 
 
 14,859 
 
 27,439 
 
 Edinburgh 
 
 366 
 
 64,903 
 
 83,541 
 
 148,444 
 
 Haddington 
 
 300 
 
 14,232 
 
 16,932 
 
 31,164 
 
 Peebles 
 
 2)5 
 
 4,846 
 
 5,089 
 
 9,935 
 
 Selkirk 
 
 261 
 
 2,750 
 
 3,139 
 
 5,889 
 
 Dumfries 
 
 244 
 
 29,347 
 
 33,613 
 
 62,960 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 246 
 
 41,960 
 
 50,63(1 
 
 92,596 
 
 Bute 
 
 224 
 
 5,545 
 
 6,488 
 
 12,033 
 
 Nairn 
 
 151 
 
 3,530 
 
 4,721 
 
 8,251 
 
 Linlithgow 
 
 112 
 
 8,874 
 
 10,577 
 
 19,451 
 
 Kinross 
 
 78 
 
 3,46'; 
 
 3,77!' 
 
 7,245 
 
 Clackmannan 
 
 47 
 33, 1 9- 
 
 5,715 
 
 6,2 ; >5 
 
 12,010 
 
 ' f Scotland 
 
 S25,3/7 
 
 979,487 
 
 1 804,864 
 
 | ) England 
 
 50,535 
 
 
 
 9-538,867 
 
 g 1 Wales 
 ^ Total 
 
 7,425 
 
 
 
 611,758 
 
 91,1581 
 
 
 1 
 
 1,955,489
 
 APPENDIX. 
 No. VI. 
 
 Population of the principal Towns in Great Britain 
 
 55,484 
 65,42.3 
 
 London 
 City within 
 
 the walls 
 Do. without 
 
 the wails 
 Westminster 
 
 Cit. &.Lib. 162,035 
 
 fc o ef e 
 
 ~ ,r, *l> C ~ 
 
 M T, o k 
 M -S ~ = 
 
 cT- S ' 
 
 .H.2 ' g^ 
 
 is g .ti bo k 
 
 p4 n .= v. 
 
 *j B s_ = ^ 
 
 O <o S W fx 
 Edinburgh 102,987 
 Glasgow' 100,749 
 Manchester 
 & Sal ford 
 Liverpool 
 
 \726,552 
 
 98,57:3 
 94,376 
 Birmingham 85,753 
 76,433 
 72,119 
 62,534 
 56,06: 
 
 40,56- 
 3 7, 25 1 
 35,84i 
 35,34: ! 
 34,25: 
 31,49c 
 29,61' 
 27,58" 
 26,792 
 23,1*0 
 21,77/ 
 21,63-, 
 20,363 
 19,937 
 19,33,' 
 
 Bristol 
 South wark 
 Leeds 
 Plymouth 
 Portsmouth 
 & Porisea 
 Norwich 
 Sheffield 
 York 
 
 Nottingham 
 Bath 
 Dundee 
 Newcastle 
 Hull 
 
 Leicester 
 1'ocbester 
 Aberdeen 
 N.&S.Leith 
 Paisley 
 Pep'.ford 
 
 Ashton-under- ! Whitehaven 
 
 Line 19,052 Falkirk 
 
 Greenock 19,042 Cheltenham 
 Exeter 1 8,S96i Hudderstield 
 
 Shrewsbury 18,543 Bifston 
 Gt. Yarmouth 17,977ISouthanipton 
 Coventry 17,-923j Maidstone 
 Stockport 17,545|Frome 
 Gt. Bolton 17,070! Dumfries 
 Preston 17,065 Lancaster 
 
 Woolwich 1^,054, Halifax 
 Perth 16,948 Dover 
 
 Greenwich 16,947 Montrose 
 Wenlock ] 6,805 Lincoln 
 
 N T .&S.Shields 1 6,700 Gateshead 
 Oldham 16,690 Bury (Lane.) 
 
 Chester 16,140 Hurslem 
 
 Blackburn 15,033, Wakefield 
 Wolverhamp- 
 ton 
 
 10,106 
 9,929 
 9,734 
 9,671 
 9,64-6 
 9,617 
 9,443 
 9,433 
 9,262 
 9,247 
 9,159 
 9,074 
 8,955 
 8,861 
 8,782 
 8,762 
 8,625 
 8,593 
 8,427 
 8,407 
 8,280 
 8,267 
 3,f 
 
 Northampton 
 14,836j'l'ipton 
 
 Wigan 1 4,060 Gloucester 
 
 Dudley 13,92.3 Kingswinford 
 
 Worcester 13,814 Salisbury 
 
 Ipswich 13,670jWellingtonSal.8,2l3 
 
 Derby 13,043Boston 8,18Q 
 
 >xford 12,93l|WestHam with 
 
 Sptldleworth 12,579 Stratford and 
 
 Chatham 12,652 Plastow 8,135 
 
 Colchester 12,554Swansea 8,116 
 
 arlisle 12.531 Kidderminster 8,038 
 
 VlacclesBeld 12,299, Bury St. Edm. 7,986 
 
 Sunderland 12,289 | ('ampbelton 7,S07 
 
 Brighton 12,012 Croydon 7,801 
 Warrington 1 1,758 Gosport 7,789 
 Dimifermling 11,649 E. & W, Brad- 
 Cambridge H,108j ford 7,767 
 heading 10,788 Grantham 7,766 
 Inverness 10,757 Berwick onTw.7,746 
 "cterboro" 10,701 >W. Bromwicb, 7,485 
 Lynn Regis l0,259Pilk'mgto 7,35 
 
 anterbury 10,200 Deal 7,351 
 
 Kilmarnock 10, 148' Hereford 7,306 
 
 Ripp'jn 10,1:31 Caermarthen 7,272
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 K 
 
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 APPENDIX. 
 
 tor-uit-ocor--* <& &> <> o cm oi 
 
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 * W CO to 51 'O "O CO O t- "0 -+ O O 
 
 tsoiOwOu n a co a n o t^ 01 
 
 O-^OcO^ClCO-* 
 
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 5 < S -= IS 5 -5 Si- 5! OT 5 .s a 
 
 
 -sll^ - ^ 111'^^lc^^alS^SiJ
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. VIII. 
 
 Heights of remarkable Spires, fye. 
 length, bdth.hght. 
 
 '2S0: 
 
 Louth, St. James, Lincolnshire 
 Grantham, Lincolnshire 
 Trinity, Coventry 
 St. Michael's, Coventry 
 St. Bride's Spire, London 
 Bow Church, Cheapside, London 
 Monument, London * 
 . St. Nicholas, Newcastle 
 Cirencester, Gloucester 
 
 Halls. Westminster 
 
 Guildhall 
 
 Christ Ch. Oxford 
 
 Whitehall Banqueting Room, now 
 
 th,e Military Chapel 
 Hampton Court 
 Windsor 
 
 Richmond Palace, was 
 Trinity College, Cambridge 
 Lambeth Palace 
 New College, Oxford 
 Wadham 
 Magdalen 
 Queen's 
 
 Libraries. Radcliff, exterior 
 
 All Sou Is, Oxford, interior 
 
 Trinity, Cambridge 
 
 Blenheim 
 
 Luton, (in 3 rooms) 
 
 Christ Church, Oxford 
 
 Queen's College, Oxford 
 
 Shelbourne House, London 
 
 Worcester College 
 
 Arundel, (2 rooms and a transept.) 
 
 Thorndon 
 
 London Institution 
 
 Oriel College 
 
 Heythrop 
 
 Caen or Ken Wood, Higbgate 
 
 116 
 
 275 
 153 
 
 Hi 
 no 
 
 108 
 
 108 
 
 101 
 10( 
 
 o- 
 
 1831 
 14-Gi 
 
 tl 30 
 
 114 
 
 31 
 
 1 05 
 
 3 1; 
 
 101 
 
 
 9P 
 
 
 P.",. 
 
 20 
 
 97 
 
 4 - 1 
 
 s: 
 
 '2b j 
 
 S3 
 
 QH 
 
 60 
 
 '20 ' 
 
 dale; 
 
 IbJO 
 
 1667 
 
 1137395 
 
 234 
 225 
 202 J 
 
 194' 
 
 50 
 
 1677 
 1559 
 
 1397 
 1411 
 
 1525 
 
 1619 
 1536 
 
 1501 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 1379 
 
 1473 
 
 437 
 
 1716 
 
 1815-8 
 
 17S3 
 
 11767 
 
 
 
 tens are 34<j 
 
 f six inches er.i
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 S; 
 
 ~. 
 
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 <o 
 
 
 
 -o 
 
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 CC "S <o 
 
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 2 <o 
 
 
 
 (7. 
 
 
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 V. 5 
 
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 ao co 
 
 oc 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 r- <c o o o 
 
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 O 'O CO "0 
 
 c co co co t- 
 
 CM r^ 
 
 55 
 
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 t- * o 
 
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 fa / ''A' 
 
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 CJ) 0> CO 
 
 
 O .yip^s 1 
 
 * -*-*-+ 
 
 T O* t~ Oi 
 
 m CI C* C.*^ 
 
 -C 
 
 
 
 CN CO 
 CO 
 
 co 
 
 
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 C Ci * 
 CT. C> Ol C* 
 
 
 
 
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 o o 
 
 CM CO 
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 w>3 
 
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 7 
 
 
 
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 P 
 
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 c 
 
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 K 
 
 cu 
 
 C 
 
 BR1D 
 
 foot 
 yburg 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 2 i; i. 
 
 re 
 
 w 4; 
 
 tt 
 
 to >- 
 
 c 
 
 -a 
 
 5 g 
 
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 u 
 
 
 
 
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 8 9 
 
 BJ 
 
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 / 
 
 * The uiam rib of tins beautiful bridge is compiled ot let- 
 ters, which inform the Tourist that this arch was constructed in 
 the same year the battle of Waterloo was fought. Via* Den- 
 bighshire, for its situation and particulars. 
 
 f The only one known in the British dominions. Fide Selkirk- 
 shire, for situation and further description.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. X. 
 
 Times of High Water at New and Full Muon, at thcfolhw~ 
 in g places, N.B. The tide becomes later forty-eight mi- 
 nutes every day, after the New and Full Moon. 
 
 Aldborcmgh, Suffolk 9 
 
 Aldborough, Yorkshire... 9 
 
 Berwick 2 
 
 Bideford G 
 
 Brecon 6 
 
 Bridgewater (I he Quay) ... 7 
 
 Brighthelmstone 10 
 
 Bristol 7 
 
 Broadstairs 11 
 
 Cowes 10 
 
 Cromar 7 
 
 Dartmouth 6 
 
 St. David's 6 
 
 Dover 11 
 
 Downs ., 1 
 
 Dungeness 9 
 
 East Bourne 
 
 Eastham Boat-house .... 11 
 From Chester to Liverpool. 
 
 Edinburgh 4 
 
 Edystone Light-house 5 
 
 (The interior harbour of 
 Plymouth is called Sut- 
 ton Bool, the distance 
 from whence to the Edy- 
 stone light-house is 14. 
 miles.) 
 
 Flamborough-head 4 
 
 Fowey 5 
 
 Gravesend 1 
 
 Hartlepool 3 
 
 Harwich 11 
 
 Hastings 11 
 
 Holvhead 1 
 
 Hull 6 
 
 Ipswich 
 
 Land's End 7 
 
 Liverpool 11 
 
 Lizard Point 7 
 
 London-bridge 3 
 
 M. H. M. 
 
 45 \ Lundv Isle 5 45 
 
 45 j , Lvme 7 
 
 20 J Lynn 6 O 
 
 ; Margate 11 15 
 
 OJMinehead 6 
 
 15 Newcastle-upon-Tyne 3 15 
 
 45 Nore 
 
 14 Padstow 5 45 
 
 20 Plymouth 6 O 
 
 30 | Portsmouth 11 15 
 
 OJliamsgate 11 '.0 
 
 30 Rochester 45 
 
 0! Rye 11 15 
 
 30 I Scarborough 3 45 
 
 15 I Shoreham 10 30 
 
 45 j Southampton 
 
 I Spurn-head 5 15 
 
 15 I is near Patrington. 
 
 | Start Point 6 45 
 
 30 The mouth of Bridgewater 
 30 j river. 
 
 Stockton 5 15 
 
 Sunderland 3 
 
 Swansea 6 
 
 Teignmouth 3 O 
 
 I Tilbury Port 1 50 
 
 Topsham 6 
 
 Wells 6 
 
 15 ! Weymouth 7 20 
 
 30 Whitby 5 
 
 i Whitehaven 9 45 
 
 15 Woodbridge 12 50 
 
 Yarmouth 9 45 
 
 30 Dieppe 10 50 
 
 I Eighty miles from Bright- 
 30 1 helmstone. 
 
 30 I Havre-de-Grace 9 
 
 1 One hundred and seventeen 
 50) miles from Southampton.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. XI. 
 
 Ecclesiastical division of England and Wales into Dioceses. 
 
 lei the Province of CANTERBURY are the following Dioceses, 
 with their several Counties. 
 
 Parishes. 
 Canterbury; part of Kent 257 
 London; Essex, Middlesex, part of Hertford 6^3 
 Winchester; Southampton, Surrey, Isles of Wight, 
 Guernsey and Jersey 362 
 Chichester; Sussex 250 
 Salisbury; Wiltshire, Berkshire 24S 
 Exetf.r; Devonshire, Cornwall 604 
 Bath and Wells, Somerset 388 
 Gloucester; Gloucester 267 
 Worcester; Worcester, part of Warwick 241 
 Hereford; Hereford, part of Shropshire 313 
 Lichfield and Coventry ; Stafford, Derby, part of War- 
 wick, part of Shropshire 557 
 
 Lincoln ; Lincoln, Leicester, Huntingdon^ Bedford, 
 
 Buckingham, part of Hertford 1255 
 
 Ely; Cambridge, Isle of Ely 141 
 
 Norwich ; Norfolk, Suffolk 1121 
 
 Oxford; Oxford 195 
 
 Peterborough; Northampton and Rutland 293 
 
 Bristol; Dorset 236 
 
 Rochester; part of Kent 98 
 St. Davids ; Pembroke, Cardigan, Carmarthen, Breck- 
 nock, Radnor, part of Glamorgan, part of Monmouth, 
 
 part of Montgomery, part of Hereford 508 
 
 Bangor; Caernarvon, Anglesey, part of Merioneth, 
 
 part of Montgomery, part of Denbigh 107 
 
 Llandaff ; part of Monmouth, part of Glamorgan, 
 
 part of Denbigh, part of Flint 171 
 
 Sr. Asaph; part of Denbigh, part of Flint, part of 
 
 Montgomery, part of Merioneth, pait of Hereford 121
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 In the Province of YORK are the following Dioceses. 
 
 Parishes. 
 okk ; York and Nottingham 581 
 
 Durham; Durham, Northumberland, Chester 135 
 
 Chester; Chester, Richmond, Lancaster, part of Cum- 
 berland 256 
 Carlisle; part of Cumberland, Westmoreland 93 
 
 9284 
 
 The number of Parishes affixed to each Diocese as above, is 
 from the authority of lamdei:; by an account made out by Car- 
 dinal Wolsev !5'20, there were reckoned 9407 Parish Churches; 
 Chamberlayne has since made 9913; but the number is now 
 stated to be about 10,000. Rees's Cyclopedia, 
 
 No. xir. 
 
 Circuits of the Judges. 
 
 HOME CIRCUIT. Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent, Surry, Sussex. 
 
 NORFOLK CIRCUIT. Buckingham, Bedford, Huntingdon, 
 
 Cambridge, Suffolk, Norfolk. 
 
 OXFORD CIRCUIT Rerks, Oxford, Gloucester, Worcester, 
 Monmouth, Hereford, Salop, Stafford. 
 
 MIDLAND CIRCUIT. Warwick, Leicester, Derby, Notting- 
 ham, Lincoln, Rutland, Northampton. 
 
 WESTERN CIRCUIT. Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, 
 
 Somerset, Devon, Cornwall. 
 NORTHERN CIRCUIT. York, Durham, Northumberland, 
 
 Lancashire, Westmoreland, Cumberland.
 
 INDEX 
 
 TO PLACES INT 
 
 ENGLAND AND WALES 
 
 REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK ; WITH THEIR 
 DISTANCES FROM LONDON. 
 
 Those with a^;. are Post Towns. 
 
 miles* 
 
 Abbotsbury, Dorset 129 
 
 Aber Cegid, Caernarvon. 258 
 
 Aber Conway, Caernarv. 236 
 
 Aberdaron, Caernarv. 250 
 
 Aberdylais, Glamorgansh. 197 
 
 Aberedwy, Radnorshire 17." 
 
 Abergavenny, p. Monm. 145 
 
 Abergelley, p. Denbighsh. 224 
 
 Aber Glasney, Caermarth. 211 
 
 Aberystwith, p. Cardigansh. 208 
 
 Abingdon, /;. Berks 55 
 
 Abston n. Bristol 119 
 
 Abury, Wilts 81 
 
 Acton, Cheshire 171 
 Acton Burne Castle, n. 
 
 Longnor 162 
 
 Addle,' Yorkshire 197 
 
 Adlestrop, Gloucestcrsh. 82 
 Agricultural Establishment 
 
 near Watlington 45 
 
 Ailwyn's Tomb, n. Ramsey 68 
 
 Alcester, p. Warwickshire 103 
 
 Aldborough, p. Suffolk 94 
 
 Aldborougli, p. Yorkshire 208 
 
 Alderley Edge Hill, Chesh. 173 
 
 Aldfield, Yorkshire 216 
 
 Aldstone, Cumberland 304 
 
 Aldworth, Berks 50 
 Alfred's Retreat, Athelnev. n. 
 
 Boroughbridge, Som. ' li2 
 
 VOJL,. U. 
 
 mi!e$. 
 Alf'rcton, p. Derbyshire 140 
 
 Alfridston, n. Seaford 60 
 
 Algarkirk, Lincolnshire 107 
 
 All Cannings, Wilts 92 
 
 Aller, Somers. 132 
 
 Allerton Mauleverer, Yorks. 207 
 Alnwick, p. Northumberl. 305 
 Althorpe, n. Northampton 71 
 Altrincham, Cheshire 180 
 
 Alveston, Gloucester 119 
 
 Alveston, Warwick. 124 
 
 Alveton, Staffordshire 146 
 
 Amberlev, Sussex 53 
 
 Ambleside, Westmoreland 276 
 Ambrosden, Oxon 52 
 
 Amesbury, p. Wilts 78 
 
 Ampthill, p. Bedfordshire 45 
 Anglesey Pillar, Anglesey 246 
 Anstey, Herts 
 Anstey, Wilts 
 Apethorpe, K ortliampton 
 Appleby, p. Lincolnshire 
 Appleby, p. Westmoreland 
 Appleton, Berks 
 Arbcrry Banks, n. Chipping 
 
 Warden, 
 Arbury Hall, n. Astley 
 Areley-on-the-Hill, Wore. 
 Armathwaite Castle, &c. 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 33 
 96 
 82 
 159 
 270 
 62 
 
 199 
 
 122 
 
 2 s 
 
 Armitnge,
 
 INDEX. ENGLAND AND WaLES. 
 
 Armitage, Staffordshire 123 
 Arno's Grove, n. Edmonton ,. 6 
 Arthur's (King) Palace, n. 
 
 So. Cadbury, 
 
 Arthur's Round Table, Ea. 286 
 A: .bur's Stone Mount, near 
 
 Hay 163 
 
 Arundel, p. Sussex 57 
 
 Arworton, Suffolk TO 
 
 A.sgarth, Yorkshire 250 
 
 Ashburn, p. Derbyshire 159 
 
 Ashbunihara, Sussex GO 
 
 Ashburton, p. Devon 191 
 
 Ashby, Westmoreland 2S3 
 A shby-de-la-Zouch, ;>.Leiccs. 115 
 
 Ash don, Essex 45 
 
 Ashford, p. Derbyshire 155 
 
 Ashover, Derbysb. 144 
 
 Asuton under Line, Lane. 195 
 
 Ashwellj Herts 41 
 
 Ashwell, Rutlandshire 98 
 
 Asl: em or Askron, Yorksh. 166 
 
 AskenvelL, Dorset 152 
 
 Askham, Westmoreland 84 
 
 A^krigg, Yorkshire 248 
 
 Aspatna, Cumberland 510 
 
 Aitiev, Warwickshire 98 
 Audley Em 1 , n. Saffron Wal- 
 
 den, Essex 42 
 
 Aukborough,j>. Lincolnshire 170 
 
 Au-t, Gloucestershire 150 
 
 Avemestre, Herefordshire 145 
 
 Avening, Gloucester ICO 
 
 Avington, Hants 60 
 
 Axmmster, p. Devon 146 
 
 Aydon Castle, Northumb. 287 
 
 Aylsham. ;>. Norfolk 121 
 
 Aynho, Northampton (J9 
 
 Ayston, Rutlandshire 90 
 
 Eadby, Northampton 75 
 
 Baddow (Little), Essex 55 
 
 Badminton, Gloucester 107 
 
 IBakewell, p. Derbyshire 155 
 
 Rain./). Merionethshire 214 
 
 Bala Sala, Isle of Man 554 
 
 B.'lderton, Nottinghaixisb. 122 
 
 Bampton, Oxon 69 
 
 Banger, ;;, Caernarvonsh. 245 
 
 Rangor, p. Cardigansh. 218 
 
 Bar (Great), Staiibrdsh. 122 
 Barlreston, Kent 
 Barking, Essex 7 
 
 Barmouth, Merionethsh. 2:9 
 Barnaek, Northampton 88 
 
 Barnard Castle, Durham 247 
 Barnham, Suffolk 73 
 
 Banstaple, p. Devon 1 95 
 
 Baron Hill House. Angles. 247 
 Barrow, Lincolnshire 91 
 
 Barrow-upon-Soar, Leieest. 107 
 169 
 157 
 123 
 42 
 45 
 103 
 107 
 
 Barry Island, Glamor 
 Bart h omley, Ch .-: Iiiru 
 Barton, p. Nottingbamsh. 
 Basikbn, Berks 
 Basingstoke, />. Hants 
 Bath, p. Somersetshire 
 Batb.ford, Somersetsh. 
 Batters'-:!, Sur:y 
 Battle, Sussex 
 Battlesden, Bedf< rdshire 
 Bawtrv, p. York: liire 
 Beacliley, Gl< ueester 
 Beaconsiield, ;;. Bucks 
 Bear Parks, Durham 
 Beaudesert House, Staff 
 Beaalieu, Hants 
 Beaumaris, ,>. Anglesey 
 Bei kfi rd, Gloucester 
 Reddir.gK n. Surrv 
 Beddkelert. Caei i.arvonsh. 
 Bedwm (Great), Wilts 
 Beechwmth (East). Surry 
 Ret sten Castle, Cheshire 
 Reetham, Westmoreland 
 ReH'ord. />. NorthumberL 
 Reliinl am, Northumb. 
 
 Belt, 11 If 
 
 'lush. 
 
 Be! voir, Leicestershire 
 
 Benenden, Kent 
 
 Ren Glog, Caernarvonsh. 
 
 Bere Regis, Dorset 
 
 Ri rkheir.pstead, ,'. Herts 
 
 I . ;.. Gi i-ceslersh. 
 
 Rer: ham. ifoii' igh.shire 
 
 Berwick, Xcrtlmi :l.<-rl. 
 
 Berwick, ;). v orksl.ire 
 
 Eeiwick-St.-Juhn, Wilts 
 
 56 
 . 59 
 149 
 
 261 
 122 
 
 88 
 249 
 108 
 
 10 
 
 68 
 
 24 
 182 
 254 
 320 
 97 
 158 
 113 
 
 50 
 233 
 114 
 
 26 
 114 
 191 
 542 
 186 
 102 
 
 Betky,
 
 INDEX. England and Waees. 
 
 Betley, Staffordshire 
 Betwys-y-coed, Denbighsh. 
 Beverley, p, Yorkshire 
 Beverstone, Gloucestersh. 
 Bewcastle, Cumberland 
 Bewdley, p. Worcester 
 Bicester, p. Oxon 
 Biddulpli, Staftordshire 
 Bignor, Sussex 
 Biggleswade, p. Bucks 
 Belham, Yorkshire 
 Billerieay, p. Essex 
 Billington, Staffordshire 
 Bilton, Warwick 
 Binchester, Durham 
 Bindon Abbey, Dorset 
 Bingham, Nottinghamsh. 
 Binsted, I. of Wight 
 Birchover, Derbyshire 
 Birdlip Hill, Gloucester . 
 Birmingham, p. Warw, 
 Birts Morton, Worcester 
 Bisham, Berks 
 Bishop Auckland, p. Durh. 
 Bishops Cleeve, n. Cheltenh. 
 Bishops-Castle, p. Shropsh. 
 Bishop Stortford, /;. Herts 
 Bishop Thorpe, Yorksh. 
 Bishops- Waltham, p. Hants 
 Bishop Wood Iron Works 
 
 n. Goodrich 
 Bisley, Gloucester 
 Black Cocrnb Mountain, 
 
 Cumberland 
 Black Hill Rocks, Durh. 
 Black Fool, Lancashire 
 Blacn Forth, Cardifansh. 
 
 Blanc 
 
 bland, 
 
 Noi 
 
 Bland 
 
 Iforci, j 
 
 "- 1 ?' 
 
 Blath. 
 
 irwic* 
 
 
 Blen;- 
 
 eim, i 
 
 :. Wi 
 
 Blithi 
 
 
 s;:;;':i'. 
 
 157 
 227 
 179 
 100 
 317 
 129 
 
 55 
 159 
 
 54 
 
 168 
 23 
 
 156 
 82 
 
 253 
 
 123 
 
 154 
 
 98 
 109 
 115 
 
 30 
 252 
 
 97 
 159 
 
 50 
 193 
 
 65 
 
 126 
 104 
 
 256 
 241 
 38 
 2S0 
 103 
 
 Bi: 
 
 129 
 
 91 
 
 155 
 
 75 
 62 
 99 
 
 145 
 43 
 
 Bodedem, Anglesey 
 Bodfary, Flintshire 
 Bodiham, Sussex 
 Bcdowyr, Anglesey 
 Bognor, p. Sussex 
 Bolam, Northumberland 
 Bolsovcr, Derbyshire 
 Bolton, p. Yorkshire 
 Bootle, Cumberland 
 Boreham, Essex 
 Borley, Essex 
 Boroughbridge, Somers. 
 Boroughbridge, ?>. Yorksh. 
 Borrowbridge, WestmoreL 
 Boscobel House n. Tonge, 
 
 Salop 
 Bosherton Mere, Pemb. 
 Bostock, Cheshire 
 Boston, p. Lincolnshire 
 Botanic Garden, Chelsea 
 Bottestbrd, Leicestershire 
 Boughrood, Radnorshire 
 Bourn, p. Lincolnshire 
 Fowes, Yorkshire 
 Bowood, Wilts 
 Box, Wilts 
 Boxgrove, Sussex 
 Brackley, p. Northamptons. 
 Bradford, p. Yorkshire 
 Brading, I. of Wight 
 Bradwell, p. Oxon 
 Bramhall, Cheshire 
 Brampton Brian, Heref. 
 Brampton, Cumberland 
 Lrcncasier, Norfolk 
 Brancepeth, Durham 
 Branxton, NorthumberL 
 Braunston, Northampton 
 Braybrooke, Northampton 
 Bredcn, Worcester 
 Brecknock, /;. Brecon 
 Brentor, Devon 
 Brentwood, p. Essex 
 Bride'cirk, Cumberland 
 Bridge End, p. Glamorg. 
 liridge Casterton, Rutland 
 Bridgenonh, ;;. Shropsh. 
 13 r: igswatsr, ?. Son i erset 
 Bridi^ton. Yorkshire 
 
 2 2 Bridr 
 
 269 
 
 no 
 
 52 
 
 252 
 
 66 
 
 286 
 
 145 
 
 236 
 
 277 
 
 56 
 
 56 
 
 142 
 
 203 
 
 273 
 
 146 
 
 250 
 
 170 
 
 112 
 
 2 
 
 113 
 
 163 
 
 93 
 
 250 
 
 89 
 
 99 
 
 65 
 
 63 
 
 197 
 
 75 
 176 
 154 
 512 
 123, 
 260 
 530 
 123 
 
 83 
 126 
 171 
 207 
 
 17 
 306 
 178 
 
 91 
 139 
 136 
 202 
 
 :Ort,
 
 INDEX, England and Walks. 
 
 Bridpovt, p. Dorset 154 
 
 Bridsal, "Yorkshire 215 
 
 Brighthelmstone, Sussex 55 
 
 Brimham Rocks, Yorkshire 222 
 
 Brinkburne, NorthumberL 295 
 
 Brinklow, Warwick 88 
 
 Bristol, p, i,'- tmersetshire 1 1 2 
 
 Briton F'ei . y, G'amorgans. 1 95 
 
 Broad Chalk, Wilton 88 
 
 Broadstairs, Kent 15 
 
 Broadway, /;. Worcester SO 
 
 Brocklesby, Lincolnshire 161 
 
 Brockenhurst, Han is 90 
 
 Bromesgrove, Worcester 116 
 
 Bromley, p. Kent 9 
 
 Bromyard,;). Hereford 125 
 
 Brough, /). Westmoreland 265 
 
 Broughton, ;>. Lincolnsh. 152 
 
 Broughton, Oxon 78 
 
 Brownsover, Warwick 85 
 
 Bruton, Somerset 1G9 
 
 Brynllys, Brecon 177 
 
 Buckden, p. Hunts 60 
 
 Buckenham (New), Norf. 84 
 
 Buckland, Gloucester 94 
 
 Budworth (Little), Chesh. 177 
 
 Buildwas, Shropshire 152 
 
 Builth, p. Brecon 170 
 
 Buley Castle, Westmorel. 274 
 Bulstrode n. Beaconstield, 
 
 Bucks 22 
 
 Bunbury, Cheshire 170 
 
 Bungav, p. Suffolk 105 
 
 Bures, "Suffolk 61 
 
 Burford, /.. Oxon 75 
 
 Burgh, Cumberland 290 
 
 Burgh, Lincolnshire 151 
 
 Burgh. Suffolk 154 
 
 Burghill, Hereford 108 
 
 Burian, Cornwall 501 
 
 Burleigh, Northampton 86 
 Burleigh House, Lincolnsh. 90 
 
 Hurley Louse, Rutlandsh. 97 
 
 Burnley,;;. Lancashire 210 
 
 Burrow-on-the-Hill, Leic. ICO 
 
 Bushburv, Stallurdshire 125 
 
 Burton Constable, Yorksh. 257 
 Burton-on-Trent,;>.Staffbrds. 150 
 
 Bunvell, Cambridge 64 
 
 Bury St. Edmunds, ;>. Suffolk 70 
 Butley, Suffolk 85 
 
 Buxton,;). Derbyshire 159 
 
 Bydwelitv, Monmouthsh. 155 
 Bywell, Northumberland 285 
 
 Cader Idris, Merionethshire 206 
 Caergwrle, Flintshire 
 Caer Bannaw, Brecon 
 Caer Him, Caernarvonsh. 
 Caerleon, p. Monmouth 
 Caennarthen, p. Caermart. 
 Caernarvon, p. Caemarv. 
 Caerau, Glamorganshire 
 Caerphilly, Glamorgansh. 
 Caerswys, Montgom. 
 Caervoran, NorthumberL 
 Caerwent, Monmouthsh. 
 Caerwys, Flintshire 
 Calder Abbey, Cumberl. 
 Caldicot, Momnouth 
 Calf of Man, I. of Man 
 Caliaiey, Northumberland 
 Callow" Hill, n. Northleigh 
 Calstock, Cornwall 
 Camluwell, Surry 2 
 
 Camborne, Cornwall 266 
 
 Cambridge, p. Cambridge ' 50 
 Camclat Fortification n. So. 
 
 Cadbury 
 Campden,;>. Gloucester j 89 
 Canewdon, Essex 42 
 
 Canfield (Great), Essex 51 
 
 Canon Pyon, Hereford 142 
 
 Canons Ashby, n. Brackley 70 
 Canterbury, p. Kent 55 
 
 Cape! Kerig, Caernarvon 229 
 Capel Voefas, Denbighsh. 210 
 ( VnSiiK ;;. Glamorganshire 158 
 Cardigan,;). Card'tjansh. 255 
 Caivw, Pembrokeshire 255 
 
 CarlisL, ;;. Cumberland 505 
 
 Carlton, Nottinghamshire 150 
 Ciirn Madryn, Caernarv. 256 
 Caraeiarus' Station, n. Ch. 
 
 Stretton 154 
 
 CnrregCennen Castle, Cacrm. 05 
 Carrowburgh, Northumb. 290 
 Cartmel, Lancashire 
 
 Cashioburv,
 
 INDEX. England and Wales. 
 
 Cashiobujy, n. Watford 14 
 
 Castle Acre, Norfolk 98 
 
 Castle Ashby, Northamp. 62 
 
 Castle Carey,/-. Somers. 113 
 
 Castle Carrock, Cumbcrl. 3C0 
 
 Castle Curleton, Lincolns. 146 
 
 Castle Cock, Glamorgan 163 
 
 Castl Domr'ngton, Leic. 117 
 
 Casile i-.deii, Durham 260 
 
 Ca: ..'.. Howard, Yorkshire 219 
 
 Casti . . : Ldoc, Brecon 174 
 
 Castle :>. ielgwyn, Pemb. 236 
 
 Castle Malwood, Hants 85 
 
 Castle it sing, ;>. Norfolk 102 
 
 Castleton, Derbyshire 169 
 
 Castle Town, I. of Man 238 
 Castle Yard and Dykes n. 
 
 Farthingstona 67 
 
 Cat-thorpe, Leicestershire 93 
 
 Catteriek, p. Yorkshire 229 
 Cauldron Snout n. Middleton 193 
 
 Cauldron Snout, Durham ' 360 
 
 Caws Castle, n. Westbury 61 
 
 Cefn Amwlch, Caernarvon 258 
 
 Cefn Ogo, Denbighsh. 225 
 
 Cellan, Cardiganshire 207 
 
 Cerne Abbas, Dorset 120 
 
 Phalgrave, Bedford 37 
 
 Chard, p, Somerset 139 
 
 Charlton, Kent 70 
 
 Charmins:er, Dorset 121 
 
 Chartley, Staffordshire 139 
 
 Chastjeton, Oxon 82 
 
 Chatsworth House, Derby 156 
 
 Cheadle, j>. Staffordshire 146 
 
 Cheddar, Somerset 130 
 
 Cheddar Chris, Somerset 130 
 
 Check lev, Staffordshire 142 
 
 Cheese king, n. Liskeard 221 
 
 Chelmorton, Derbyshire 155 
 
 Chelmsford, p. Essex 28 
 
 Chelsea, Middlesex 2 
 
 Cheltenham, p. Gloucest, 94 
 
 Chepstow, p. Monmouth. 130 
 
 Chcrhill, Wilts "" 83 
 
 Cbertsey, p, Surry 19 
 
 Chester; p. Cheshire 18l 
 
 phesterfield, p, Derbyshire 151 
 
 p sic-'-Jc-Sireet, purhurn 263 
 
 Chesterton, Cambridge 5} 
 
 Chesterton, Hunts 79 
 
 Chesterton, Warwick. S8 
 
 Chevening, Kent 21 
 
 Chew Magna, Somerset 119 
 
 Chichester, p. Sussex 62 
 Chiding Stone, n. Penshurst 33 
 
 Chidrick, Dorset 138 
 
 Chilham, Kent 52 
 
 C'nillingham, Northumb. 320 
 
 Cliilton, Somerset 55 
 
 Chippenham, p. Cambr. 67 
 
 Chipping Ongar, p. Essex 21 
 
 Chipping Warden, North. 78 
 
 Chirk, Denbighshire 184 
 Chiselburv British Camp, n. 
 
 Broad Chalk 88 
 
 Chiswick, Middlesex 5 
 
 Chipchase, Northuiriberi, 290 
 
 Cholmondeley Castle, Chesh. 170 
 
 Cholsey, Berks 47 
 
 Chorley, p. Lancashire 209 
 
 Christ-church, p. Hants 100 
 
 Chudleigh, ;>. Devon 181 
 Church Stretton, Shropsh. 
 
 Cil Hepste Cascade, Brecon 200 
 
 Cirencester, /;, Gloucest. 88 
 
 Clapham, Sussex 3 
 
 Clare, p. Suffolk 55 
 
 Clee, Lincolnshire 165 
 
 Clenny, Caernarvon 235 
 Cleobury, Mortimer, Shrop. 141 
 
 Cliiibrd, Hereford 155 
 
 Clifton, Gloucester 113 
 
 Clifton, Nottinghamshire 123 
 
 Chiton, Westmoreland 286 
 
 Clifton Campville, Stafford. 122 
 
 Clipstone, Nottinghamsh. 142 
 
 Clitheroe, p. Lancashire 216 
 
 Clumber Park, Nottingsh. 148 
 
 Clynog, Caernarvonshire 2J 
 
 Co'bham, p. Surry " 19, 
 
 Cockermouth, p. Cumberl, 504 
 
 Codfprd Sc. Mary, Wilts' 89, 
 
 Codsall, Staffordshire "" }7 
 
 Colchester, j). Essex 5% 
 Colebrook Dale, n. Broseley 1<7 
 
 Colebv Hall, Lincolnshire 156; 
 
 CoWiill, p, Warwick " 104 
 3e 3 * Cplitan,
 
 INDEX England and Wales. 
 
 Coliton, Devon 150 
 
 Colno, p, Lancashire 217 
 
 Colwicfe, Nottinghamsh. 126 
 
 Colwich, Stafibrdsh. 129 
 
 Combe Abbev, Warwick 86 
 
 Comle Martin, Devon 204 
 
 Congleton ?>. Cheshire 162 
 
 Coningshead Priory, Lane. 261 
 
 Conisborough. Yorkshire 168 
 
 Connington, ilunts 75 
 
 Constant!'. a Cornwall 270 
 
 Copgrove, Yorkshire 210 
 Copper Mine (Deep), Lvd- 
 
 f'ord, Devon 119 
 
 Coquet Island, Northumb. ,"15 
 
 Corbridge, Northumberl. 279 
 
 Corby Castle, Cumberland 509 
 
 Corfe, Dorset 120 
 
 Cornhill, Northumberl. 550 
 
 Corsham. />. Wilts 95 
 
 Corwen, Merionethsh. 201 
 
 Cothani, Yorkshire 255 
 
 Cottingham, Yorkshire 178 
 
 Coventry, p. Warwick 92 
 
 Coverham Abbey, Yorksh. 256 
 
 Cowbridge, p. Glambrgans. 171 
 
 Cowthorpe Oak, Yorkshire 198 
 
 Coxwell (Little) 68 
 
 Crake Castle, Yorkshire 214 
 
 Cranborne, p. Dorset 92 
 
 Cranford, Middlesex 12 
 
 Credenhill, Hereford 159 
 Crennis Mine, n. St. Austel, 
 
 Cornwall 254 
 
 Cresswell Crags, Notting. 146 
 
 Crewkherne, /). Somerset 151 
 
 Crich, Derbyshire 144 
 
 Crickaeth, Caernarvonsh. 244 
 
 Crickhowel, Brecon 154 
 
 Cricklade, p. Wilts 85 
 
 Croft, Hereford 145 
 
 Cromer, p. Norfolk 129 
 Cromlechs, Anglesey 
 
 Crooine, Worcester 109 
 
 Cropthorne, Worcester 98 
 
 Crosby Ravensworth, Wes. 280 
 
 Crowan, Cornwall 255 
 
 Croxden, Staffordshire 144 
 
 Croydon, p. Surry 9 
 
 Croyland, Lincolnshire 
 Crug Hywell. Brecon 
 Cullercoats, Northumberl. 
 Cumrew, Cumberland 
 Curfews (2), n. Boxgrove 
 Cutcomle, Somerset 
 Cwm Idwal, Caernarvon 
 Cynwill Gaeo, Caermarth. 
 Cvnwvl Lived, Caermarth. 
 
 88 
 ISO 
 279 
 500 
 
 65 
 171 
 255 
 195 
 224 
 
 Dacre, Cumberland 289 
 
 Dale, Derbyshire 124 
 
 Dalston, Cumberland 504 
 
 Dalton, Cumberland 270 
 
 Dalton, Lancashire 270 
 
 Damerham 93 
 
 Danbury, /). Essex 32 
 Dance Maid, n.Burian, Corn. 501 
 Danes Holes, n. Gravs Thurrock 
 
 25. 
 
 Darlaston, Staffordshire 142 
 
 Darlington, ;;. Durham 258 
 
 Dartford, p. Kent 14 
 
 Dartington, Devon 197 
 Dartmoor, Devon 
 
 Dartmouth, p. Devon 203 
 
 Daventry, p. Northampt. 72 
 
 Dawlish. Devon 182 
 
 Deal, /). Kent 71 
 
 Dean (Little), Gloucester 116 
 
 Deane, Northampton 87 
 
 Deerhurst, Gloucester 105 
 
 Denbigh, p. Denbighshire 218 
 
 Deptford, Kent 4 
 
 Derby,/). Derbyshire 126 
 
 Dereham (East),/). Xorf. 101 
 
 Derwen, Denbighshire 2(6 
 
 Devil's Bridge, Cardigans. 1<;4 
 
 Devil's Cavern, Derbysh. 170 
 Devil's Night-cap, n. Studland, 
 
 150 
 
 Devizes, p. Wilts 88 
 
 Devynock. Brecon 180 
 
 Dinas Bran. Denbighsh. 191 
 
 Dinas Dinlle, Caernarvon 253 
 
 Dinas Mawddwy, Merion. 199 
 
 Diserth, Flintshire 223 
 
 Ditchley, n. Kiddington 70 
 
 Docking, Norfolk 114 
 Dod-
 
 INDEX. England and Wales. 
 
 Doddington Hall, Cheshire 170 
 
 Dodford, Northampton 70 
 
 Dolawyn, Caernarvonsh. 249 
 
 Dolbenmean, Caernarvons. 238 
 
 Dolgelly, p. Merioneth 208 
 
 Doliorwyn Castle, Montg. 180 
 
 Dol-y-Cothv, Caermarth. 195 
 
 Dol-y-Myllymlyn, Merion. 213 
 
 Doncaster, p. Yorkshire 160 
 
 Donhead-St-Andrew, Wilts 100 
 
 Douglas, p. I. of Man 330 
 
 Dorchester, p. Dorset 119 
 
 Dorchester, Oxon 49 
 
 Dorking, p. Surry 23 
 
 Donnington, Berks 57 
 
 Dove Dale, Derbyshire 143 
 
 Dover,;). Kent 71 
 
 Downing House, Flintsh. 211 
 
 Downton, Hereford 146 
 
 Downton, Wilts 87 
 
 Downton Castle, n. Ludlow 142 
 Drewsteignton, n. Moreton 
 
 Hampstead 1 77 
 
 Droitwich, p. Worcester 118 
 
 Drumburgh Castle, Cumb. 315 
 
 Duddon Bridge, Cumb. 270 
 
 Dudley, Staffordshire 127 
 
 Dudley, ?>. Worcester 126 
 
 Dufton, Westmoreland 273 
 
 Dulwich, Surry 4 
 
 Duncombe Park, Yorksh. 220 
 
 Dunham Massy, Cheshire 182 
 DunkerlyBeacon,n.Cutcomb.l66 
 
 Dunloe, Cornwall 226 
 
 Dunmow, /). Essex 37 
 
 Dunmow (Little), Essex 39 
 
 Dunraven, Glamorgansh. 181 
 
 Dunstable, p. Bedford 33 
 
 Dunstanborough, North. 313 
 
 Dunster, p. Somerset 158 
 
 Dunwich, Suffolk 90 
 
 Durham, p. Durham 260 
 
 Durnford (Great), Wilts 85 
 
 Dursley, p. Gloucester 108 
 
 Dwygyoylchi, Caernarvon. 258 
 
 Eamont, Westmoreland 286 
 
 Earl's Colnc, Essex 44 
 
 Eartharn, Sussex 8 
 
 Easingwold, ji. Yorkshire 209 
 East Ayton, Yorkshire 231 
 
 East Bourne, p. Sussex 60 
 
 East Brent, Somerset 138 
 
 East Chinnock, Somerset 127 
 East Everley, Wilts 74 
 
 Easthamstead, Berks 29 
 
 East Levant, Sussex 64 
 
 East Meon, Hants 54 
 
 Easton Neston, Northampt. 89 
 East Ilainham, Norfolk 104 
 
 Eaton Socon, Bedfordshire 54 
 Ebberston, Yorkshire 227 
 
 Eccleshall, p. Staffordshire 14S 
 Ecton Hill Copper Mine, 
 
 Staffordshire 
 Edenham, Lincolnshire 
 Edgehill, n. Ratley 
 Edlingham, Northumberl. 
 Edmond Castle, Cumberl. 
 Edmonton, Middlesex 
 Egleston, Durham 
 Eglwys Newydd, Cardigan 195 
 Egremont, p. Cumberland 298 
 Elford, Staffordshire 
 Ellesmere, p. Shropshire 
 Elmset, Suffolk 
 Elmswell, Suffolk 
 Elsdon, Northumberland 
 Eltham, Kent 
 Elton, Hunts 
 Ely, p. Cambridge 
 English Bicknor, Gloucest. 
 Enmore, Somerset 
 Enville House, Staffbrds. 
 Epping, p. Essex 
 Epsom, p. Surry 
 Erddig, Denbighshire 
 Erith, Kent 
 Essenden, Rutlandshire 
 Etal, Northumberland 
 Eton Bray, Bedfordshire 
 Eton College, p. Bucks 
 Etruria, Staffordshire 
 Eulo Castle. Flintshire 
 Euston, Suffolk 
 Everingham House, Yorks. 194 
 Evesliam, p. Worcester 95 
 
 Ewcll, />. Surry 12 
 
 Ewelni, 
 
 154 
 97 
 78 
 
 311 
 
 317 
 6 
 
 254 
 
 120 
 
 117 
 
 58 
 
 78 
 
 300 
 
 8 
 
 88 
 
 67 
 
 1S3 
 
 140 
 
 130 
 
 16 
 
 IS 
 
 192 
 
 14 
 
 102 
 
 527 
 
 5S 
 
 21 
 
 150 
 
 1S9 
 
 80
 
 INDEX England and Wales. 
 
 Ewelrn, 0?:on 
 
 48 
 
 Ewenny, Glamorganshire 
 
 177 
 
 Rxt ter, p. Devon 
 Exmoutn, p. Devon 
 
 167 
 
 168 
 
 Exion, Rutlandshire 
 
 98 
 
 Eyain, Derbyshire 
 
 160 
 
 Eye, p. Suffolk 
 
 89 
 
 Evnsham, Oxon 
 
 60 
 
 Fairford, p. Gloucester 79 
 Fair Rosamond's Castle, n. 
 
 Clifford 90 * 
 
 Falmouth, p. Cornwall 269 
 
 Fareham, p. Hants 72 
 
 Farley, Somerset 106 
 
 Farley, Wilts 77 
 
 Farnnam, ;>. Surry 37 
 
 Farningham, Kent 17 
 
 Farn Island, North umberl. 526 
 
 Farnley, Yorkshire 205 
 
 Farringdon, Hauls 49 
 
 Farthingstone, Northnmpt. 67 
 
 Fawsley, Northampton 76 
 
 Fentherstone Haugn, Northl. 296 
 
 Feckenham, Worcester 122 
 
 Felbrig, n. Cromer 129 
 
 Felixstow, Suffolk 77 
 
 Felmersham, Bedfordshire 58 
 
 Festhriog, Merionethshire 228 
 
 Feversham, />. Kent 46 
 
 Filey, Yorkshire 207 
 
 Fillingham, Lincolnshire 157 
 
 Fhichal, Durham 264 
 
 Fmcham, Norfolk 94 
 
 Flamborough, Yorkshire 214 
 
 Fletching, Sussex 41 
 
 Flint, Flintshire 204 
 
 ' Foll:ingham,|). Lincolnsh. 102 
 
 Folkstone, p. Kent 71 
 
 Fonmon Castle, Glamorg. 169 
 
 Fonthill'n. Ilindon 96 
 
 Ford"!!, Montgomeryshire 172 
 
 Fordham, Cambridge 65 
 
 Fo remark, Derbyshire 124 
 
 Fowcy, p- Cornwall 239 
 
 Foxlev, Hereford 97 
 
 Franlingham,^>, Suffolk 87 
 
 Frant, Sussex 37 
 
 Frisby, Leicestershire 109 
 
 Frome, p. Somerset 104 
 
 Fulham, Ivlic !1 sex _ 4 
 
 Fulneek, Yorkshire 01 
 
 Gainsborough,;;. Linc/uns. 146 
 Garstang./i. Lancashire 229 
 Gate Burton, Lincolnshire i. 
 Gateshead,/... Duri.sm 27. 
 Geddington, Northai. .'in 77 
 Gednev. Lincolnshire 106 
 Giants Caves, Cumberland 2S9 
 Gigan.t c figure hi chalk on 
 TruidleHir.,n.Cerne Ab- 
 bas 126 
 Gilsland Spa, Cu.nberland 520 
 Giole'bam, Suffolk 109 
 Glassbuiy, Brecon 161 
 Glastonbury, p. Somerset 124 
 Gloddeatli, Caernarvonsh. 209 
 Gloucester,/). Gloucester 101 
 Glvder Back Jit. Caer. 252 
 
 Goathurst, S r ;et 159 
 
 Godolphin, Cornwall 255 
 
 God's Bridge, Yorkshire 250 
 
 Godstone, />. Surry 18 
 
 Godstow, Oxon 5tS 
 
 Gogmagog Hills, Camb. 55 
 
 Goiden Grove, Caermarth. 205 
 
 Goldington, Bedf.ndshire 51 
 
 Goodrich, Hereford 126 
 
 Goodwood, n. Chichester 62 
 
 Gosfield, Essex 44 
 
 Grand Trunk Canal. Staff. 228 
 
 Granthain, p. Lincolnshire 110 
 
 Grassmere, Westmoreland 278 
 
 GravenliillWood, n. Ambrosd. 5i~; 
 Graystock, Cumberland 292 
 
 Grays Tiiurrock. Essex 26 
 
 Great Chart, Kent 24 
 
 Great Tew, Oxon 71 
 
 (jreat Totham, Kssex 58 
 
 Great upon Little Stone, n. 
 ' W. Hoadley 5-3 
 
 Grecniktle Oak, Nottingsh. 145 
 Grecnford, Middlesex 10 
 
 Grcensted (Fast), Chine n. 
 
 High Otigar S2 
 
 Greenwich, Kent 5 
 
 Gresford. Denbigh 0; ire 194 
 
 ; irimsthciiiti
 
 INDEX^ Englawd avtd Waies. 
 
 Grimsthorpe Castle, LincoL 97 
 Grindley-on-the-IIill, Notts. 155 
 Guernsey, (Isle of) "Vide Hants 
 Guildford, ;). Surry 29 
 
 Cuilsborough, Northampton 76 
 Guisborough, p. Yorkshire 245 
 Gunton, Norfolk 123 
 
 Hackfall, Yorkshire 219 
 
 Hackness, Yorkshire 255 
 
 Hadleigh, /;. Essex 58 
 
 Hufod House, Cardigansh. 195 
 
 Hagley,. Worcester 123 
 
 Haigh, Lancashire 2C0 
 
 Haiisham, Sussex 56 
 
 Hales Owen, p. Shropshire 124 
 
 Hallaton, Leicestershire 90 
 
 Hallifax, Yorkshire 196 
 
 Hallinbury (Great), Essex 52 
 
 Hallow, Worcester 114 
 
 Haisham, Yorkshire 187 
 
 Halswood Hall, Yorkshire 190 
 
 Haiton Chesters, Northum. 287 
 
 Haltwhistle, Northumberl. 515 
 
 Hambleton, Rutlandshire 95 
 
 Hammersmith, Middlesex 5 
 
 Hampstead, Middlesex 4 
 
 Hampton, Middlesex 13 
 
 Hamstal Ridware, Stafford 126 
 
 Iianburv, Worcester 121 
 
 Handsworth, Staffordshire 119 
 
 Harborough, Leicestershire 84 
 
 Harbottle, Northumberl. 505 
 
 Hardknot Mount, Cumber. 272 
 
 Hardrow Force, Yorkshire 253 
 
 Hardwick Hall, Derbyshir. 146 
 
 Harefield, Middlesex 18 
 
 Haresfield, Gloucester 107 
 
 Harewood House, Yorksh. 210 
 
 Harlaxton, Lincolnshire 113 
 
 Harlech, Merionethshire 226 
 
 Harlesly Castle, Yorkshire 234 
 
 Hariing (East), p. Norfolk 93 
 
 Harold Stones, n. Trelech 153 
 
 Harrowgate, p. Yorkshire 204 
 Harrow on the Hill, p. Midd. 9 
 
 Hartburn, Northumberland 294 
 
 Hartington, Derbyshire 151 
 
 Hartlepool, Durham 251 
 
 Hartshill, Warwick 
 
 Harwarden, Flintshire 1 S8 
 
 Harwich, p. Essex 71 
 
 Haseomb, Surry 39 
 
 Haslingfield, Cambridge 47 
 
 Hassel, Yorkshire 174 
 
 Hastings, p. Sussex 64 
 
 Hatfield,;;. Herts 19 
 
 Hathersage, Derbyshire 172 
 
 Havant, ;;. Hants 66 
 
 Havert'ord West, p. Pemb. 250 
 
 Havering Bower, Essex 1.5 
 Hawkstone Park, n. Whitch. 161 
 
 Hay, p. Brecon 156 
 
 Hayles, Gloucester 96 
 
 Hearing Cascade, Yorksh. 252 
 
 Heddon on the Wall, Nor. 278 
 
 Hedingham, p. Essex 4S 
 
 Hellan Amgoed, Cormarth. 258 
 
 Helmingham, Suftb k SI 
 
 Helmsley,p. Yorkshire 219 
 
 Helstone, p. Cornwall 276 
 
 Helton Fleeket, Westmorl. 282 
 
 Hemstead, Essex 47 
 
 Henley, p. Oxon 35 
 
 Henley in Arden, ;>. Warw. 101 
 
 Henllan Falls, Cardigansh. 227 
 
 Hereford, p. Hereford 135 
 
 Heme, Kent 50 
 
 Hertford, p. Herts 21 
 Hesket (High), Cumberland 294 
 
 Hesket New Market, Cum. 500 
 
 Hest Bank, Lancashire 245 
 
 Hever, Kent 54 
 
 Hexham, p. Northumberl. 282 
 
 Hexton, Herts 42 
 
 Heysham, Lancashire 243 
 
 I ley tesbury, ;;. Wilts 92 
 
 Heythorpe, Oxon 70 
 
 Higham Ferrers, p. North. 64 
 
 High Clere, Hants 63 
 
 High Force Cascade, Dur. 263 
 
 Ilighgate, Middlesex 4 
 
 IJildersham, Cambridge 49 
 
 Iliiiingdon, Middlesex 13 
 
 Hillington, Norfolk 1 1 5 
 
 Hindon, ?i. Wilts 94 
 
 Hinlip, Worcester 114 
 
 Hinton, Somerset 153 
 Hints,
 
 INDEX. ENGLAND AND WaMS. 
 
 Hints, Staffordshire 115 
 
 I-ti'chin, p. Herts 34 
 
 Holbeach,/>. Lincolnshire 105 
 
 Holkar, Lancashire 255 
 
 Holkham, p. Norfolk 121 
 
 Holme, Nottingham 123 
 
 Holme Pierpoint, Notting. 128 
 
 Hole, ;;. Denbighshire 196 
 
 Holyhead, ;>. Anglesey 270 
 
 Holy Island, Northumberl. 525 
 
 Holywell p. Flintshire 207 
 
 Home Lacy, Hereford 134 
 
 Honiton, p. Devon 149 
 
 Hopton, Derbyshire 141 
 
 Iiordle, Hants" 99 
 
 Hornby, Lancashire 250 
 
 Horseheath, Cambridge 50 
 
 Horsham,;?. Sussex 56 
 
 Horton, Dorset 96 
 
 Horton, Northampton 72 
 
 Horton Kirkby, Kent 18 
 
 Houghton, Norfolk 122 
 
 1 1 oughton Castle,Northum. 289 
 
 Housesteads, Northumberl. 293 
 
 Hoveringham, Nottingham 155 
 
 I [owden, p. Yorkshire 176 
 Howe, Berwick 
 
 Howgill Castle, Westmorel. 280 
 
 Howick, Northumberland 510 
 Howsham House, n. Kirk- 
 
 him, Yorkshire 209 
 
 Hull, ;>. Yorkshire 170 
 
 }'.'..: Abbey, Northumb. 508 
 
 Kynmanly, 'Yorkshire 2C8 
 
 I loii, Herts 22 
 
 H jn.tingdon, /). Hunts 58 
 
 1' ;':",. Berks 51 
 
 H.p- V. Hants 99 
 
 IT'jrslmonceux, Sussex 59 
 
 Hurst Fiorpoint, Sussex 46 
 
 1 on, Cumberland 2S0 
 
 T-\:Ur>n Bushel, Yorkshire 250 
 
 Kent 67 
 
 1-'. '.-'.am, Suffolk 71 
 
 I Ov.n 55 
 
 J ,-:i), Stnfrbrdshire 143 
 
 TV!'c;tPr, j>. Somerset 122 
 
 Iiaerton, Northumberland 321 
 
 Ilkley, Yorkshire 210 
 
 Ilminster. p. Somerset 1 34 
 
 Ince Blundel House, Lane. 214 
 
 Ingleborough Mts. Y'orks. 247 
 
 Ingleton, \ orkshire 244 
 
 Ingolby, Lincolnshire 109 
 
 Ingram Hill, Northumberl. 516 
 
 Ipstones, Staffordshire 151 
 
 Ipswich, /;. Suffolk 69 
 
 Iron Acton, Gloucester 115 
 
 Irthlingborough, Northamp. 66 
 
 Isleham, Cambridge 68 
 
 Isleworth, Middlesex 8 
 Isle of Man, Vide Cumberland 
 Isle of Shepey, Kent 
 Isle of Thanet, Kent 
 
 Isle of Walney, Lancashire 272 
 Isle of Wight, p. Hants- 
 
 Ivy Bridge, p. Devon 204 
 
 Jr.rrow, Durham 276 
 Jersey, (Isle of) Fide Hants 
 
 Keddlestonc House, Derb. 
 Keighiev, p. Yorkshire 
 Keld Force, Yorkshire 
 Kelham, Nottingham 
 Kellet, Lancashire 
 Kellington, Cornwall 
 Kemsey, Worcester 
 Kenchester, 1 [ercford 
 Kendal, /). Westmoreland 
 Kenilworth, Warwick 
 Kensington, Middlesex 
 Kensworth, 1 lerts 
 Kenwood, n. I n^i-crate 
 Kcs^.! ,iand, Su'ri >lk 
 Kesten, i\<^;! 
 Ketum, Rutlandshire 
 Kf w, Cornwall 
 Kf-w Surry 
 k i: I. am. Somerset 
 V ' li, Leicester-Lire 
 
 . v. 
 Kiddington, ( Jxon 
 Kidwelly, Cae.marthor! 
 Kilgrv :i. !'; u.! lokesLire 
 Kimcridge, Dors; t 
 Kimboiton, p. i units 
 
 K 
 
 131 
 
 208 
 255 
 123 
 247 
 213 
 
 62 
 
 139 
 
 26.5 
 
 101 
 
 2 
 
 51 
 
 4 
 
 108 
 
 92 
 
 ] 26 
 1X5 
 
 121 
 
 ns:'s
 
 INDEX. England and Wales. 
 
 King's Stanley, Glouc. 104 
 
 King's Swinford, Staff.' 130 
 
 Kington, p. Hereford 154 
 
 Kinlet, Shropshire 45 
 
 Kirby Lonsdale,;). Westmo. 251 
 
 Kirby Stephen, p.Westmor. 268 
 
 Kirbythore, Westmor. 273 
 
 Kirk Andreas, I. of Man 550 
 
 Kirk Bride, I. of Man 554 
 
 Kirkdale, Yorkshire 223 
 
 Kirkham, p. Yorkshire 210 
 
 Kirkhampton, Cornwall 226 
 
 Kirkhaugh, Northumb. 508 
 
 Kirk Jurly, Isle of Man 556 
 
 Kirkleatham Hall, York. 255 
 
 Kirklington, Nottingh. 132 
 
 Kirk Michael, I. of Man 550 
 
 Kirkoswald, Cumberland 296 
 
 Kirkstall Abbey, Yorks. 196 
 
 Kirkstead Abbev, Line. 125 
 
 Kirkwall, Orkney Isles 527 
 
 Kirtling, Cambridge 63 
 
 Kisdon Force, Yorkshire 255 
 Kitt's Cotty House, n. Maids. 54 
 
 Knaresborough, p. Yorks. 205 
 
 Knighton, p. bord. of Shr. 158 
 
 Kniver, Staffordshire 129 
 
 Knole, Kent 25 
 
 Knowle, Warwick 149 
 
 Knutsf'ord, ?>. Cheshire 175 
 Kynaston Cave, n. Great Ness 
 
 Kynfeg, Glamorganshire 188 
 
 Laycock, Wilts 92 
 
 Lakes, Cumberl. 276 
 
 Lambeth, Surry 4 
 
 Lambley, Northumb. 510 
 
 Lamphey Court, Pemb. 252 
 
 Lancaster, Lancash. 240 
 
 Launcing, Sussex 59 
 
 Lanchester, Durham 266 
 
 Landaff Glarsorgans. 161 
 
 Lanercoct Priory, Cumb. 513 
 
 Langley Castie, North. 283 
 Languard Fort, n. Felixstow, 
 
 Suffolk 79 
 
 Lamvit Major, Glam. 171 
 
 Lanhivet, Cornw. 242 
 
 Laugharae, Caerm. 246 
 
 Launce's, Cornw. 221 
 
 Launceston, p. Cornw. 215 
 
 Lavenham, Suff. 60 
 
 Lawhaden, Pemb. 257 
 
 Laxey, I. of Man 338 
 
 Layer Marney, Essex 57 
 
 Leap, Hants 92 
 
 Leasows, n. Hales Owen 118 
 
 Lech-gwn-farwyd, Angl. 267 
 
 Leckhampton, Gloui 94 
 
 Leebotwood, Shrop. 162 
 
 Leeds, p. Yorlcsh. 195 
 
 Leek, p. Staill 15S 
 
 Ledbury, Heref. 120 
 
 Leicester, w. Leic. 98 
 
 Leighton Buzzard, p. Beds, 41 
 
 Leiston, Suff. 91 
 
 Leith Hill Surry 44 
 
 Lemington Priors, Warw. 90 
 
 Lemmington, Northumb. 310 
 
 Leominster, p. Heref. 137 
 
 Letcombe 61 
 
 Levins, Westm. 256 
 
 Leverington, Camb. 92 
 
 Lewes, p. Sussex 49 
 
 Liddiard Tregorze, Wilts 81 
 
 Lilboum, Northamp. 85 
 
 Lilleshull, Shrops. 142 
 
 Lincoln, p. Line. 129 
 
 Lingfield, Surry 24 
 
 Linhope Spout, Northum. 515 
 
 Liskeard, p. Cornw. 221 
 
 Litchfield, p. Staff. 120 
 
 Littlecot, Wilts 87 
 Little Houghton, Northamp. 64 
 
 Little Driffield, Yorks. 193 
 Little Hampton, p. n. 
 
 Worthing 64 
 
 Liverpool, ;;. Lane. 207 
 
 Llanarmon, Denb. 210 
 
 Llan Arthre, Caerm. 208 
 
 Llan Babo, Angl. 212 
 
 Llanbadarn Fawr, Card. 209 
 
 Llanberris, Caern. 256 
 
 Llanbeudv, Caerm. 259 
 
 Llan DarK-d, Card. 22 
 
 Llanddinam, Monrg. 184 
 
 Llanddiniolen, Caern. 2.^8 
 
 Lianddwedi Brefi, Card. 2)0 
 Llandeeia
 
 INDEX. England and Wales. 
 
 Llindegla Denb. 198 
 
 LlandeiloCresseney,Monm. 1 58 
 
 Llandevailog, Brecon 171 
 
 Llandilo Vawr, p. Caerm. 
 
 Llandonna, 
 
 Llandovery, 
 
 Llandrindod, 
 
 Llandrillo, 
 
 Llandudno, 
 
 Llan Dwrog, 
 
 Llandybie, 
 
 Llandysilio Gogo, 
 
 Llandvsill, 
 
 Llan Edwin, 
 
 Llanelly, 
 
 Llanerchymed, 
 
 Llanerfyl, 
 
 Llanerth, 
 
 Llant'air, 
 
 Llanfair Eitholf, Angl. 
 
 Llan-fair-Cwllgwymgyll, A. 
 
 Llanfechell, Angl. _ 
 
 Llanfihangel Ararth.Caerm. 229 
 
 LlanfihangelBythych,Caerm.212 
 
 Llanfihangel Glyn, Card. 212 
 
 Llangadoc, p. Caerm. 
 
 Llangammarch, Brecon 
 
 Llangattock, 
 
 Llangeod Castle 
 
 Llangefni, 
 
 Llantrissent, Glumorg. 
 Llauvair, Monm. 
 Llanvair-y-bryn, Caei m. 
 
 201 LlanvihangleCrucomeyMon 
 
 Angl. 251 Llanvillo, Brecon 
 
 Caerm. 188 Llanwenog, Cardigans. 
 
 Radnor. 170 Llanwnws, Cardigansh. 
 
 Caern. 236 Llanwrtyd, Brecon 
 
 Caem. 241 Llanydloes, p. Montg. 
 
 Caern. 250 Llanymynech, Mont. 
 
 Caerm. 196 Lodingtbn, Leicestersh. 
 
 Card. 222 London, p. Middlesex 
 
 Caret 217 Long Ashton, Somen 
 
 Angl. 251 Longdon, Staffordsh. 
 
 Caerm. 216 Longleat, Wilts 
 
 Angl. 252 Long Meg and Daughters, 
 Montg. 185 Cumberl. 
 
 Card. 216 Longnor, Shrop. 
 
 Montgom. 180 Longtown, CumberL 
 
 258 Longtown, p. Heref. 
 254 
 275 
 
 169 
 
 141 
 
 188 
 153 
 177 
 
 210 
 215 
 198 
 11-19 
 
 182 
 95 
 
 Llangibby. 
 
 Llangollen, 
 
 Llangoedmore, 
 
 jjlangranog, 
 
 Llanidan, 
 
 LlaniddeL 
 
 Llanio, 
 
 IJanU'styn, 
 
 Llanllwnv, 
 
 Llan-llyini, 
 
 Llan Mowildwy, 
 
 Llan Rhaiader, 
 
 Llan Rian, 
 
 Llanridien, 
 
 Llan Rug, 
 
 Llanrwst, 
 
 Llansannon, 
 
 LlaiiEtephan, 
 
 Llauthony, 
 
 Brecon 
 
 Brecon 
 
 Anglesey 
 
 Monm. 
 
 Denbigh. 
 
 Cardig. 
 
 Cardig. 
 
 Anglesey 
 
 Monm. 
 
 Cardigansh. 
 
 Anglesey 
 
 Caermarth. 
 
 Caernarvon 
 
 Merio. 
 
 Denb. 
 
 Pcmb. 
 
 Glamorg. 
 
 Caernarv. 
 
 Deiibighs. 
 
 Denbiglis. 
 
 O.erm. 
 
 Mourn. 
 
 189 
 178 
 155 
 164 
 259 
 149 
 191 
 230 
 225 
 252 
 159 
 211 
 251 
 211 
 255 
 203 
 220 
 275 
 211 
 250 
 225 
 226 
 217 
 155 
 
 Lostwithiel, p 
 Loughor, 
 Louth, p. 
 LowestoffJ p. 
 Lowiek, 
 Low Layton, 
 Lowther, 
 Luckington, 
 Ludgvan, 
 Ludlow, /). 
 LuggersftaU, ;>. 
 Lullingston, 
 Lulworth (West), 
 Luniley Castle, 
 Luton, p. 
 Lydford, 
 Lydney, 
 Lvme, p. 
 Lyme flail, 
 L\Tnington, p 
 Lynchmere, 
 Lyndhurst, p, 
 Lyndridge, 
 Lynn,2. 
 
 Macclesfield, ;>. 
 Machvnlleth, p. 
 Madeley, 
 Madley, 
 
 Cornw. 
 
 Glam. 
 
 Line. 
 
 Suit: 
 
 Northamp. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Wostm. 
 
 Wilts 
 
 Cornw. 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 Wilts 
 
 Kent 
 
 Dor. 
 
 Durham 
 
 Bedf. 
 
 Devon 
 
 Glouc. 
 
 Dorset 
 Chesh. 
 
 Hauts 
 Sussex 
 Hants 
 Wore. 
 Korf. 
 
 Chesh. 167 
 
 Montg. 2()6 
 
 Shrop. 143 
 
 Ilcref. H3 
 
 Maer
 
 INDEX. England and Wales. 
 
 Maer, Staff. 
 
 lVI:iy otsfield, Glouc. 
 
 Maiden. Bradley, Wills 
 Maidstone, j>. : Kent 
 
 Maldon,^, Essex 
 
 Malham, Yorksh. 
 
 Malkyd, Merion. 
 
 Maliiisburv, . Wilts 
 
 Malpas, " Chesh. 
 
 Malvern (Great), p. Wore. 
 Mumhead, Devon 
 
 Manccuer, Warw. 
 
 Manchester,^. _ Lane. 
 Munghold, I. of- Man 
 
 Munningtree, p. Essex 
 Manorbeer Cattle, Pem. 
 Mansiield, p. Nott. 
 
 Mansfield Woodhousa, Nott, 
 Mapiedurham, Oxon 
 
 Maplestead ("Great) Ess. 
 Maplestead (Little), Ess. 
 Maplethoi pe, Line. 
 
 Marehwell, Denb. 
 
 Murrain, Glatn. 
 
 Margate,/*. Kent 
 
 Market Bosworth, p. Lei. 
 Market Lavhigt.m, Wilts 
 Market \Veigi\ton, Yorks. 
 Marlborough, /. \\ iits 
 Miirlow (Great), p. Lucks 
 
 Marvport, p 
 
 Matlirafal, 
 
 Matlock, 
 
 Maxey, 
 
 Maxstoeke, 
 
 Melborne, 
 
 Mi Jbury Samford, 
 
 Melcoir.be llorsev 
 
 Melford, 
 
 Mellor, 
 
 Melton Constable, 
 
 Melton-on-the-Hill, \ 
 
 Merazion, p. Cornv 
 
 Mere., p. 
 
 Merc-worth, 
 
 i'lerrington, 
 
 Merstbarn, 
 
 Mwthvr Tydvi), 
 
 Morton, " 
 
 Cumb. 
 Montg. 
 Derb: 
 
 Nhamp. 
 
 Warw. 
 
 Derb. 
 
 Dors. 
 
 , Dor. 
 
 SmT. 
 
 Lane. 
 
 Norf. 
 
 Wilts 
 Kent 
 Durh. 
 Surry 
 Glam. 
 
 158 
 
 108 
 
 104 
 
 34 
 
 36 
 229 
 200 
 
 95 
 ICG 
 JIG 
 1SJ 
 109 
 182 
 338 
 
 CO 
 247 
 138 
 140 
 
 42 
 
 50 
 
 49 
 144 
 187 
 185 
 
 71 
 107 
 
 89 
 189 
 
 74 
 
 31 
 511 
 182 
 14.5 
 
 85 
 101 
 128 
 128 
 116 
 
 56 
 222 
 121 
 165 
 280 
 101 
 
 52 
 253 
 
 20 
 183 
 
 Messing, Essex 
 
 Miekleham, Surry 
 
 Mickleton, Glouc. 
 
 Middle, Shrop. 
 
 Middleham, p. Yorksh. 
 Middleton, Norf. 
 
 Midd'leton, Durh. 
 
 Middleton Cheney, Nham. 
 Middlewieh, p. Chesh. 
 
 Midhurst,. Sussex 
 
 Miiborne Port, p. Som. 
 Milborne St. Andrew, Dor. 
 Millenhall, p. Suff. 
 
 Milford,. Peir.b. 
 
 Milford Haven, Pem. 
 
 MilitaryAsylurn, Chels. Mid 
 Military Coll. n. Sandhurst 
 Berks 
 Milton Abbas, Dors. 
 
 Minchin Hampton, Glo. 
 Minehead, Sorn. 
 
 Minster Lovel, Gxon 
 
 Modbury, p. Devon 
 
 Mold,;i." ' Flintsh. 
 
 Monarchty, Angl. 
 
 Moneyash, Derb. 
 
 Mongewell, Oxen 
 
 Monkey Island, Berks 
 Monks'Buckland, Devon 
 Monks Grove, n. Ckerisey 
 Monks Kirby, Wanv. 
 
 Monmouth, p. Monrn. 
 Monsal Dale, Derb. 
 
 Montgomery, p. Mont. 
 Mordington, Berw. 
 
 Moresby, Cumb. 
 
 Moreton, Chesh. 
 
 Moreton Hampstead, Dev. 
 Morpeth, //. North. 
 
 Mortimer's Cross, Heref. 
 Morvah, Cornw. 
 
 Morval, Co raw. 
 
 Mottram, Chesh. 
 
 Mount Bures, Essex 
 
 Mount ("J race Pr. YorksL 
 Moyston Hal!, Flintsh, 
 
 Muchelney, Som. 
 
 Muker, Yorksh. 
 
 Mulgrave Cactk. Yorksh. 
 v Mun- 
 
 0' 
 i-9 
 
 162 
 
 74. 
 
 167 
 
 SO 
 
 113 
 
 ::i 
 
 70 
 25(> 
 257- 
 , 2 
 
 32> 
 121 
 
 f-8 
 I CO 
 
 67 
 20T 
 01 
 2~ 7 
 157 
 
 46 
 
 2S 
 2G'rf 
 
 I J 
 
 i;iO 
 
 I S3 
 28d 
 1-33 
 285 
 233 
 186 
 5.9 
 229 
 
 133
 
 INDEX. England and Wales. 
 
 Muncaster House, Cum. 
 
 Nangle, 
 Nanney House, 
 Kant Francon, 
 Nantglyn, 
 Nantwich, p. 
 Narbeth, p. 
 Naseby, 
 Natland, 
 
 Naxworth Castle, 
 Keath, p. 
 Nefyn, 
 Nenmet, 
 Ness ( Great), 
 Nestor (Great), 
 Netherby, 
 
 Pemb. 
 
 Men. 
 
 Caer. 
 
 Denb. 
 
 Chesh. 
 
 Pemb. 
 
 Nhamp. 
 
 Westm. 
 
 Cum. 
 
 Glam. 
 
 Caern. 
 
 Som. 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 Chesh. 
 
 Cumb. 
 
 JJetley Abbey, n. South- 
 
 Hants 
 Long 
 Bucks 
 Pemb. 
 Notts. 
 
 Westm. 
 
 Yorksh. 
 
 Angl. 
 
 Northum. 
 
 Yorksh. 
 Northum. 
 
 ampton 
 Netley Abbey, n 
 
 Crendon, 
 Nevem, 
 Newark, p. 
 Newbiggen, 
 Newbiggen, 
 Newborough, 
 Newborough, 
 Newby Hall, 
 Newcastle, ;;. 
 Newcastle-under-LineSlaf. 
 New Castle Emlyn, Caerm. 
 Newcastle (Little) Pern. 
 New Church, Caerm. 
 
 Newhaven, ;>. Suss. 
 
 Newhaveu Inn, Herb. 
 
 Newland, Glouc. 
 
 New Malton, Yorksh. 
 
 Newmarket, ;>. Camb. 
 
 Newmarket, Flintsh. 
 
 Newnham, p. Glouc. 
 
 Newport, p. Mosm. 
 
 Newport, p. I. of Wight 
 Newport, Pemb. 
 
 New Radnor, Itadn. 
 
 Newstcad, Nott 
 
 Newton, /). Lane. 
 
 Newton Notes, Glam. 
 Newtown, p. Montg. 
 
 New Walsingham, Norf. 
 
 77 
 260 
 210 
 233 
 225 
 165 
 255 
 78 
 260 
 310 
 197 
 256 
 125 
 170 
 192 
 312 
 
 Worbury, 
 Norhaiu, 
 
 fitarl 
 
 Northum. 
 
 45 
 
 244 
 121 
 273 
 262 
 264 
 2S8 
 216 
 271 
 149 
 223 
 270 
 221 
 
 56 
 149 
 132 
 214 
 
 60 
 220 
 1 1 5 
 146 
 
 243 
 161 
 143 
 193 
 179 
 176 
 113 
 144 
 ft* 
 
 Normaneross, Hunt* 71 
 
 Normanton, Not. 1 23 
 
 Normanton, Rutl. 97 
 
 Northallerton, p> York. 225 
 
 Northampton,;;. Nhamp. 66 
 
 Northfield, Wore. 87 
 
 North Meals, Lane. 216 
 
 Northorp,;;. Flints. 201 
 
 North Stonham, Hants 77 
 
 Northwich, p. Chesh. 174 
 
 Norwich, p. Noif. 109 
 
 Noton-under-Cannock,Staf. 1 20 
 
 Nottingham,;'. Not. 124 
 
 Nuthafl Nott. 128 
 
 Nuneaton, p. Warw. 105 
 
 Nunehsm CourtiLiy, Ox. 52 
 
 Nunnery, Cumb. 295 
 
 Oakely Park, n. Ludlow 142 
 
 Oakham, p. Putl. 95 
 
 Oakhampton, ;>. Devon 195 
 
 Oaksey, Wilts 90 
 
 Oatlands, n. Weybrid-e 20 
 
 Oekkv, Surrv 30 
 
 Odiham, p. Hants 40 
 
 Ogburn-St.-George, Wilts 77 
 Ogbury liriti.-h Camp, n. 
 
 Grra* Durnford, 
 Okeover, Staff 
 
 Old Bun*, n. Manceter 
 
 OldburV, 
 
 Old CVstlc, 
 
 Old Cleve, 
 
 Old Hurst, 
 
 Old Radnor, 
 
 Old Sarum, 
 
 Ombersley, 
 
 Oncon, 
 
 Ongar (High),;). 
 
 Orford, p. 
 
 Ormshcad, 
 
 Orton (Great), 
 
 Orion, ;). 
 
 Osmaston, 
 
 Ossington, 
 
 Ostinnouth Castle, 
 
 Oswestry, p. 
 
 Otley, p. 
 
 OtUrburne, 
 
 G 
 
 Mnm. 
 
 Som. 
 
 Hunts 
 
 Radn. 
 
 Wilts 
 
 Wore. 
 
 I. of Man 
 
 Essex 
 
 SulE 
 
 Cn-rn. 
 
 Cumb. 
 
 We: tm. 
 
 Derb. 
 
 Nott 
 
 Gla. 
 
 ;>hrop. 
 Yorksh. 
 
 Northum. 
 Ou 
 
 142 
 109 
 132 
 156 
 156 
 
 *3 
 Wl 
 
 c 
 116 
 
 .vo 
 
 ?'i 
 P8 
 2J2 
 311 
 276 
 137 
 137 
 209 
 178 
 203 
 SOS 
 ndle
 
 INDEX. England and Wales. 
 
 Oundle, p. 
 Over, 
 
 Over Arley, 
 Overbury, 
 Oxburgh, 
 Oxendon (Gn 
 Oxen hall, 
 Oxford, p. 
 Oxton, 
 
 - Nhamp. 
 
 Camb. 
 
 Staff. 
 
 Wore. 
 
 Norf. 
 
 :at),Nhampt. 
 
 Giouc. 
 
 Oxon 
 
 Not. 
 
 Painswiek, p. Gloue. 
 
 1'ap Castle, Cumb. 
 
 Parham, Sussex 
 
 Park Gate, p. Chesh. 
 Pans Mountain Copper 
 
 Mine Angl. 
 
 Patterdale, West. 
 
 Pattingham, Staff 
 
 Paulers Pury, Nhampt. 
 Peek I. of Man 
 
 Pembroke, p. Pemb. 
 
 Penboyr, Caerm. 
 
 Penbryn, Card. 
 
 Pendeen Vau, Cormv. 
 
 Pendle Hill, Lane. 
 
 Pendragon, Westm. 
 
 Pengethley, Heref. 
 
 Pen Llyn, Caem. 
 
 Penmaenmawr, Caem. 
 Penmark Castle, Glam. 
 
 Pen Mon, Ang. 
 
 Penmorfa, Caern. 
 
 Penmynnydd, Ang. 
 
 Pennare, Corn. 
 Pennigant Blount, Yorks. 
 
 Penrith, p. 
 Pensgerswick, 
 Penshurst, 
 Pentlow, 
 Pentiaeth, 
 Pcn-y-bont, ;;. 
 Penzance, p. 
 Pepperharrow, 
 Peterborough, p. 
 Petersham, 
 Petworth, p. 
 Pevensey, 
 Pickering, p. 
 Pieton Castle, 
 
 Cumb. 
 
 Corn. 
 Kent 
 
 Essex 
 
 Ang!. 
 
 Radn. 
 Cornw. 
 
 Surry 
 Nhamp. 
 
 Surry 
 Sussex 
 Sussex 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 Pcmb, 
 
 76 
 60 
 
 132 
 
 102 
 89 
 81 
 
 11'5 
 58 
 
 132 
 
 102 
 
 304 
 
 54 
 
 193 
 
 278 
 
 283 
 
 137 
 
 56 
 
 344 
 
 250 
 
 228 
 
 230 
 
 291 
 
 218 
 
 273 
 
 124 
 
 251 
 
 243 
 
 169 
 
 256 
 
 236 
 
 255 
 
 270 
 
 248 
 
 285 
 
 283 
 
 51 
 
 56 
 
 258 
 
 168 
 
 280 
 
 56 
 
 77 
 
 10 
 
 49 
 
 62 
 
 oo^ 
 
 259 
 
 Dorset 
 Dorset 
 
 Staff. 
 Oxon 
 Mer. 
 Mont. 
 Mer. 
 Nhamp. 
 Ang. 
 
 11* 
 141 
 
 150 
 36 
 
 17 
 200 
 217 
 
 71 
 253 
 211 
 141 
 
 35 
 206 
 215 
 
 Piddletown, 
 
 Pilsden 
 
 Pipe Ridware, 
 
 Pirton, 
 
 Pistill Mowdoch, 
 
 Pistyll Rhaiadr, 
 
 Pistill v Cayne, 
 
 Pitsfor'd, 
 
 Plas Gwyn, 
 
 Plas Newidd House, Ang, 
 
 Pleasley, Not. 
 
 Pleshey, Essex 
 
 Plumpton, Yorks. 
 
 Plymouth, . Devon 
 
 Plymouth Dack,;). Devon 217 
 
 Plvmpton, p. Devon 217 
 
 Polysyllabic Echo n. Great 
 
 Oxendon 81 
 
 Ponsonby, Cum. 2S4 
 
 PontAberGIassLyn, Caern. 255 
 Pont Dolgarog, Denb. 229 
 Pontefract, p. Yorksh. 179 
 PontNeathVaughan.Brecon 180 
 Pont-y-Cysselte, Denb. 194 
 Pont-y-Prid Bridge, Glam. 168 
 Pontypool, Monm. 150 
 
 Poole's Ho' Cave, Derb. 
 Porchester, p. Hants 
 
 Porlock, Som. 
 
 Porthogof Cavern, Brec, 
 Portland (Isle of),/). Dors 
 
 Portskewett, 
 Portsmouth, p. 
 Portswood, 
 Potbury, 
 Potteries, 
 Potters Grove, 
 Powderham, 
 Powis Castle, 
 Poynings, 
 Preseot, ]t.. 
 Prestbuiy, 
 Presteigne, 
 Preston, p. 
 Prittlewell, p. 
 Probus, 
 Prudhoe, 
 
 Monm. 
 
 Hants 
 
 Hants 
 
 Som. 
 
 Staff 
 
 Bedf. 
 
 Devon 
 
 Mont. 
 
 Sussex 
 
 Lane. 
 
 Glouc. 
 
 Rad. 
 
 Lane. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Cornw. 
 
 North um. 
 
 Pulpit Hugh Lhwyd Cyn- 
 -fael, Merfon. 
 
 2 r2 
 
 160 
 
 67 
 166 
 180 
 152 
 153 
 
 71 
 
 79 
 119 
 158 
 
 40 
 181 
 178 
 
 51 
 198 
 
 95 
 158 
 218 
 
 42 
 262 
 281 
 
 228 
 
 Purbecfc
 
 INDEX. Esgland A>n Walks 
 
 Purbeck (I. of), 
 
 Dor. 
 
 
 RcbinhoodIIill,n.G!or.crst. 
 
 K'5 
 
 Tusey, p. 
 
 Berks 
 
 64 
 
 Roche Abbey, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 15* 
 
 
 
 
 Roche Castle, 
 
 Pemb. 
 
 269 
 
 Queenington, 
 
 Glouc. 
 
 81 
 
 Rochester, p. 
 
 Kent 
 
 29 
 
 Queens Camel, 
 
 Som. 
 
 119 
 
 Rock, 
 
 Vv'orc. 
 
 125 
 
 
 
 
 Rock Idol, n.Newl 
 
 and, Gloc. 
 
 132 
 
 Raby Castle, 
 
 Durh. 
 
 255 
 
 Rockingham, p. 
 
 Nhamp. 
 
 83 
 
 Radchfle-on-tbe- 
 
 Wreke,Leic 
 
 .108 
 
 Rock-Salt Mines, 
 
 North- 
 
 
 Radclifie upon Trent, Not. 
 
 129 
 
 wich 
 
 Chesh. 
 
 17! 
 
 Radway, 
 
 Warw. 
 
 79 
 
 Rcdnev's Pillar, 
 
 Mont. 
 
 181 
 
 Raglaad, p. 
 Raglcy Hall, n. 
 
 Monm. 
 
 139 
 
 Rollwright, 
 
 0::cn 
 
 75 
 
 Alcester 
 
 105 
 
 Roman Amphitheatre near 
 
 
 Rampisham, 
 
 Dorset 
 
 155 
 
 Dorchester 
 
 Dors. 
 
 <0 
 
 Hampton, 
 
 Not. 
 
 159 
 
 Roman Wall,&e. inWroxet. 
 
 156 
 
 Ramsay, p. 
 
 I. of Man 
 
 540 
 
 Romney, ;>, 
 
 Kent 
 
 68 
 
 Ramsey, p. 
 
 Hunts 
 
 (i8 
 
 Romsey, 
 
 Hants 
 
 7^ 
 
 Ramsgate, p. 
 
 Kent 
 
 72 
 
 Ronton, 
 
 Staff: 
 
 152 
 
 Rathy, 
 
 Leic. 
 
 101 
 
 Rookl y, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 247 
 
 Ratley, 
 
 Warw. 
 
 78 
 
 Roseberry Toppiri 
 
 g, York. 
 
 250 
 
 Raunds, 
 
 Nhamp. 
 
 67 
 
 Rose Castle, 
 
 Cumb. 
 
 304 
 
 Ravenstonedale, 
 
 Westm. 
 
 272 
 
 Ross, 
 
 Heref. 
 
 120 
 
 Reading, p. 
 
 Berks 
 
 57 
 
 Rothbury, 
 
 Nhmb. 
 
 501 
 
 Reculver, 
 
 Kent 
 
 65 
 
 Rotherfield Greys 
 
 i, Oxon. 
 
 37 
 
 Redear, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 251 
 
 Rotherham, p. 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 159 
 
 Redford, 
 
 Nott. 
 
 HO 
 
 Roucester, 
 
 Staff. 
 
 141 
 
 Redgrave, 
 
 Suff. 
 
 88 
 
 Rouse Lench, 
 
 Wore. 
 
 112 
 
 RedBngfield, 
 
 Sufi: 
 
 86 
 
 Royal Oak, n. Tonpe 
 
 142 
 
 Redruth, p. 
 
 Coimv. 
 
 263 
 
 Roydon, 
 
 F.ssex 
 
 24 
 
 Red Wharf Bay 
 
 , Ang. 
 
 255 
 
 Royston, p. 
 
 Herts 
 
 57 
 
 Reepham, p. 
 
 Norf. 
 
 112 
 
 Ruabon, 
 
 Denb. 
 
 193 
 
 Reigate, p. 
 
 Surrv 
 
 21 
 
 Rudl axton, 
 
 Pemb. 
 
 ?65 
 
 Remenliam, 
 
 Berk's 
 
 36 
 
 Rudgley, p. 
 
 Staff: 
 
 127 
 
 Repton, 
 
 Derb. 
 
 124 
 
 Rudstone, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 202 
 
 Revest y, 
 
 Line. 
 
 MO 
 
 Runcorn, 
 
 Che h. 
 
 188 
 
 Rhaiarir Mawr, 
 
 Denb. 
 
 229 
 
 Runswick, 
 
 York?. 
 
 217 
 
 Rhos Colvn, 
 
 Angl. 
 
 265 
 
 Rushall, 
 
 Str;! 1 : 
 
 li'fi 
 
 Rhuddlan, 
 
 Flint. 
 
 221 
 
 Rushton Spencer, 
 
 Staff: 
 
 IfO 
 
 Ribchester, 
 
 Lane. 
 
 225 
 
 Ruthin, p. 
 
 Dl : '. 
 
 201 
 
 Ribstone, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 207 
 
 Rye, p. 
 
 Sussex 
 
 it ' 
 
 Richmond, p. 
 
 Surry 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 Richmond, p. 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 254 
 
 SaiT'ron Waldcn, ; 
 
 >. F.ssex 
 
 '. ! 
 
 Rickmansworth, 
 
 p. Hens 
 
 18 
 
 St. Agnes, ;. 
 
 Coinw. 
 
 Ol'i 
 
 Rid^( mount, 
 
 Bedf. 
 
 44 
 
 St. Asr.ph, p. 
 
 Flint 
 
 2)7 
 
 Ringstead, 
 
 Nhamp. 
 
 68 
 
 St. Vbans,;>. 
 
 Herts 
 
 19 
 
 Ripley, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 2) 5 
 
 St. Anthony, 
 
 Caerm. 
 
 221 
 
 Ripon, /. 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 212 
 
 St. Austcl. 'p. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 25 ' 
 
 Risingham, 
 
 Nhum. 
 
 195 
 
 St. Bri*v< i': ., 
 
 Glouc. 
 
 126 
 
 Rrvaulx Abbey, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 220 
 
 St. Catherine's Hi 
 
 ;i,i.of*v. 
 
 
 Roach, 
 
 C'ormv. 
 
 242 
 
 St. Clears, 
 
 Crniw. 
 
 m. l\: 
 
 227 
 f,
 
 INDEX. England and Wales. 
 
 St. Colinab, p. 
 
 Comw. 
 
 250 
 
 Severgham, 
 
 Cumb. 
 
 298 
 
 St. David's, 
 
 Pemb. 
 
 267 
 
 Sew Efiion Gam Cascade, 
 
 
 Si. Day, 
 
 Corn. 
 
 265 
 
 
 Breton 
 
 180 
 
 St. Doymacl, 
 
 Pcmb. 
 
 234 
 
 Shaftesbury, p. 
 
 Dorset 
 
 101 
 
 St. Donats, 
 
 Glam. 
 
 178 
 
 Shalfleet, 
 
 Hants 
 
 59 ' 
 
 S*. Germains, p. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 226 
 
 Shalford, 
 
 Surry 
 
 50 
 
 St. Helen's, 
 
 I. of W. 
 
 
 Shap, 
 
 Westm. 
 
 27^ 
 
 St. Gowan's Chapel, Pemb. 
 
 256 
 
 Shareshill, 
 
 Stalli 
 
 155 
 
 St. Ives, p. 
 
 Hunts 
 
 59 
 
 Shebbertswould, 
 
 Kent 
 
 65 
 
 St. John Lee, 
 
 Nhum. 
 
 284 
 
 Sheen, 
 
 Surry 
 
 7 
 
 St. John's Wecrdale, Dur. 
 
 267 
 
 Sheffield, v. 
 Sheffield Place, n. 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 161 
 
 St. Justs 
 
 Comw. 
 
 288 
 
 Fletching 
 
 : 41 
 
 St. Lawrence, I. 
 
 of W. Hants. 
 
 Shefibrd (Great), 
 
 Camb. 
 
 63 i 
 
 St. Nicholas, 
 
 Glam. 
 
 164 
 
 Shenstone, 
 
 Stafi: 
 
 122 
 
 S-. Osyth, 
 
 F.ssex 
 
 62 
 
 Siiepton Mallet, p. 
 
 Som. 
 
 115 
 
 St. Pauls, 
 
 Cornw. 
 
 500 
 
 Sherborne, p. 
 
 Dorset 
 
 116 
 
 St. Pierre, 
 
 Monm. 
 
 154 
 
 Shfcrbourne, 
 
 York s. 
 
 225 
 
 St. Stephens, 
 
 Corn. 
 
 258 
 
 Sheriff Hutton, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 210 
 
 Saintbury, 
 
 Glouc. 
 
 91 
 
 Shewing Shields, 
 
 Nhum. 
 
 Z91 
 
 Sali.s! ury, p. 
 
 Wilts 
 
 80 
 
 ShifthaH, ;;, 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 145 
 
 Salkeld (Great), 
 
 Cum. 
 
 295 
 
 Shirbourn Castle, 
 
 n. Pir- 
 
 
 Saltash, p. 
 
 Comw. 
 
 220 
 
 ton, 
 
 Oxon 
 
 40 
 
 Salt-pits at North wich,Ches. 
 
 174 
 
 Shire, 
 
 Surrv 
 
 
 Sanered, 
 
 Cornw, 
 
 285 
 
 Siiocklash, 
 
 Chesh. 
 
 171 
 
 Sandheek House, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 153 
 
 Shrewsbury, p. 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 154 
 
 Sandford, 
 
 Vv'est 
 
 560 
 
 Shuckburgh (Supc 
 
 xior},War. 77 
 
 Sandhurst, 
 
 Berks. 
 
 52 
 
 Siui^borouyh, 
 
 StafK 
 
 138 
 
 Sandon, 
 
 Staff. 
 
 15G 
 
 Sibbertoft, 
 
 Nhamp. 
 
 85 
 
 Sandton, 
 
 Line. 
 
 155 
 
 Sidmouth, p. 
 
 Devon 
 
 159 
 
 Sandy, 
 
 Bedf. 
 
 49 
 
 Silcliester, 
 
 Hants 
 
 52 
 
 Sandwich^.I.of Thanet, Ker 
 
 :t. 68 
 
 Silsoe, p. 
 
 BedK 
 
 40 
 
 Sawston, 
 
 Carnb. 
 
 48 
 
 Simonburn, 
 
 Nhum. 
 
 288 
 
 Scaleby, 
 
 Cumb. 
 
 313 
 
 Sion House, n. Isleworth 
 
 85 
 
 Scarborough, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 214 
 
 Sittingbourue, p. 
 
 Kent 
 
 Z'J 
 
 Scawly & Manton, Line. 
 
 152 
 
 Sizergh, 
 
 West. 
 
 264 
 
 Scilly Islands, p. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 
 Skeflington, 
 
 Lei. 
 
 107 
 
 Screveton, 
 
 Nott. 
 
 125 
 
 Skegby, 
 
 Nott. 
 
 140 
 
 Scrivelsby, 
 
 Line. 
 
 156 
 
 Skelton Castle, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 252 
 
 Seal'ord, p. 
 
 Sussex 
 
 60 
 
 Skenfreth, 
 
 Monm. 
 
 136 
 
 Seaton Delaval, 
 
 Nhum. 
 
 280 
 
 Skipsea, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 194 
 
 Seekin<jton, 
 
 Warw. 
 
 117 
 
 Skipton, p, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 218 
 
 Scdgetield, 
 
 Durb. 
 
 250 
 
 Sleildle, 
 
 West. 
 
 272 
 
 Sed-eley, 
 
 Staff: 
 
 129 
 
 Sledmere, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 199 
 
 Seethrog, 
 
 Brecon 
 
 170 
 
 Slough, p. n. Eton College 
 
 
 Sefton, 
 
 Lane. 
 
 214 
 
 
 Bucks 
 
 21 
 
 Seisdon, 
 
 Staff; 
 
 128 
 
 Snailwell, 
 
 Camb, 
 
 63 
 
 Selby, p. 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 177 
 
 Snape, 
 
 Sufi: 
 
 89 
 
 S^rmen, 
 
 Corn. 
 
 298 
 
 Sodbury, ]> 
 
 Gio. 
 
 IPS 
 
 S-.-Ulf, V, 
 
 Yorks, 
 
 251 
 
 Scho. !-. Birmingl 
 
 \zm, 
 
 ! 18
 
 INDEX. Exclaxd and Wales. 
 
 Soho, 
 
 Staff. 
 
 118 
 
 Staunton, 
 
 Not. 
 
 121 
 
 Somerton, />. 
 
 Som. 
 
 12.5 
 
 Stevington, 
 
 Bcdf. 
 
 55 
 
 Somersby, 
 
 Line. 
 
 140 
 
 Steyning, /). 
 
 Sussex 
 
 51 
 
 Soap Rock, n. 
 
 Helstone, 
 
 
 Stockbridge, p. 
 
 Hants 
 
 66 
 
 
 Cornw. 
 
 229 
 
 Stockport, p. 
 
 Chesh. 
 
 175 
 
 South Cave, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 185 
 
 Stockton, 
 
 Wore. 
 
 125 
 
 South Brent, 
 
 Som. 
 
 151 
 
 Stockton upon-Tees, p. D. 
 
 259 
 
 South Cadbury, 
 
 Som. 
 
 115 
 
 Stcgumber, 
 Stoke, 
 
 Som. 
 
 161 
 
 Southampton, p. 
 
 Hants 
 
 15 
 
 Slirop. 
 
 150 
 
 South Cerney, 
 
 Glouc. 
 
 91 
 
 Stoke Bruern, 
 
 Nham. 
 
 63 
 
 South Creake, 
 
 Norf. 
 
 119 
 
 Stoke Curcy, 
 
 Som. 
 
 127 
 
 Southend, p. 
 
 Essex 
 
 45 
 
 Stoked r\", 
 
 Rut 
 
 87 
 
 South Mimms, [ 
 
 vide Mdlx.] 
 
 
 Stoke Edith, 
 
 Ilcref. 
 
 132 
 
 
 Herts 
 
 14 
 
 Stoke-juxta-Neyland, p. Satf. 
 
 59 
 
 Southmolton, p. 
 
 Dev. 
 
 176 
 
 Stoke Pogis, 
 
 Bucks 
 
 21 
 
 Southport, 
 
 Lane. 
 
 218 
 
 Stone Amphitheati 
 
 e n. St. 
 
 
 South wark, 
 
 Surry 
 
 
 Justs 
 
 Comw. 
 
 288 
 
 South Weald, 
 
 Essex 
 
 17 
 
 Stonehenge, n. Amesbury 
 
 79 
 
 Southwell, 
 
 Nott. 
 
 128 
 
 Stonelcigh, 
 Stoney Middlcton, 
 
 Warw. 
 
 96 
 
 Southwold, p. 
 
 Suff. 
 
 105 
 
 Derb. 
 
 161 
 
 Sowerby, 
 
 Cumb. 
 
 296 
 
 Stoney Middleton, 
 
 p. Ox. 
 
 58 
 
 Sowerby, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 216 
 
 Stourbridge, p. 
 Stourliead n. Merc 
 
 Wore. 
 
 125 
 
 Spar Cave, 
 
 I. of Sky 
 
 
 ', Wilts 
 
 103 
 
 Sparsholt, 
 
 
 62 
 
 Stourport, p. 
 
 Wore, 
 
 150 
 
 Spindeston, 
 
 Nhum. 
 
 524 
 
 Stow, 
 
 Line. 
 
 159 
 
 Spittal, 
 
 Line. 
 
 140 
 
 StoweNineChurcheSjNham. 
 
 69 
 
 Spratton, 
 
 Nhamp. 
 Pemb. 
 
 72 
 
 Strata Florida, 
 
 Card. 
 
 270 
 
 Staekpool, 
 
 255 
 
 Stratford, 
 
 Suff. 
 
 fc6 
 
 Stafford,/;. 
 
 Staff! 
 
 154 
 
 Stratford-on-Avon, 
 
 p. War. 
 
 93 
 
 Staindrop, p. 
 
 Durh. 
 
 255 
 
 Strellcv, 
 
 Nott. 
 
 128 
 
 Stainmoor, 
 
 Westm. 
 
 265 
 
 Stretham, 
 
 Camb. 
 
 65 
 
 Stalbridge, 
 
 Dors. 
 
 113 
 
 Striguil, 
 
 Monm. 
 
 144 
 
 Stamford, 
 
 Lin. 
 
 86 
 
 Strington, 
 
 Som. 
 
 149 
 
 Stamfordham, 
 
 Nhum. 
 
 282 
 
 Stnunpshaw, 
 
 Norf. 
 
 115 
 
 Standlyneh, 
 
 Wilts 
 
 84 
 
 Studland, 
 
 Dorset 
 
 130 
 
 Stanford, 
 
 Nham. 
 
 85 
 
 Studley Park, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 215 
 
 Stanford, 
 
 Not. 
 
 114 
 
 Stuntney, 
 
 Camb. 
 
 69 
 
 Stanhope, 
 
 Durh. 
 
 265 
 
 Sturminster Newton, Dor. 
 
 111 
 
 Stanmore Rock, 
 
 Rad. 
 
 159 
 
 Sudbury House, 
 
 Derb. 
 
 147 
 
 Stansted Abbots 
 
 , p. Herts 
 
 22 
 
 Sudeley, 
 
 Glouc. 
 
 93 
 
 Stansted Mountfitchet, Es. 
 
 51 
 
 Sulgrave, 
 
 Nham. 
 
 69 
 
 Stanton, 
 
 Glouc. 
 
 93 
 
 Sunburv, 
 
 Middx. 
 
 16 
 
 Stanton Drew, 
 
 Som. 
 
 118 
 
 Sunderland, 
 
 Dur. 
 
 270 
 
 Stanton Harcoui 
 
 t, Oxon 
 
 51 
 
 Sundon, 
 
 Kedf. 
 
 37 
 
 Stanton (Long), 
 
 , Camb. 
 
 56 
 
 Sunken Kirk, 
 
 Cum. 
 
 273 
 
 Stanton Moor, 
 
 Derb. 
 
 157 
 
 Sunning Hill, p. 
 
 Berks 
 
 25 
 
 Stanton Prior, 
 
 Som. 
 
 110 
 
 Sutton, 
 
 Bedf. 
 
 46 
 
 Staple, 
 
 Kent 
 
 64 
 
 Sutton Coldfield, p 
 
 . War. 
 
 111 
 
 Swpleford, 
 
 Lfcic 
 
 109 
 
 Swaffham, /;. 
 
 Norf. 
 
 93 
 
 
 
 
 
 Swaffham,
 
 INDEX Ekgiakd axd Walks. 
 
 Swaffliam St. Cyric, Caw. 64 
 
 Swalear Oak, Staftl 130 
 
 Swansea.;;. Gbm. 204 
 
 Swanxnch, p. Dor. 127 
 
 Swavesey, Camb. 5S 
 
 Swinbrook, Oxon 74 
 
 Swinnerton, Staff 144 
 
 Tadcastor, n. 
 Talgarth, * 
 Talfev, 
 Talyfiyn, 
 Tamworth, 
 Tamworth, p. 
 Tau-ben-Ceven, 
 Tanfield, 
 Tanfield, 
 Tattershall, 
 Tavistock,/). 
 Taunton, p. 
 Teignmouth, p. 
 Temple Breun, 
 Temple Sowerby, 
 Tenby, p 
 
 Yorks. 
 Brecon. 
 Cacrm. 
 
 Mori. 
 
 Staff. 
 Wane 
 
 Aug. 
 Durn. 
 Yorks. 
 
 Line. 
 Devon 
 
 .Som. 
 Devon 
 
 Line. 
 
 West. 
 
 Fein. 
 
 Terrace(Fine)n.Bridgnorth 
 
 Teversall, Nott. 
 
 Tewkesbury, p. Glouc. 
 
 Thame, p. Oxon 
 
 Theribrd, />. Norf. 
 
 Thickeneote, Rutl. 
 
 Thirklebv Hall, York. 
 
 Thirsk,/>. Yorks. 
 
 Thornburv, p. Glouc. 
 
 Thorndon Hall, n. Brent- 
 wood, 
 
 Thorney, _ Carub. 
 
 Thorney Abbey, Lin. 
 
 Tliornham, Luie. 
 
 Thornton, Line. 
 
 Thurstar.ton, Chesh. 
 
 Thwaite, Norf. 
 
 Tickenhavn, Som. 
 
 Tlckhill, Yorks. 
 
 TMcsweU, Dnrb. 
 
 Tilbury Fort, n. Gray's 
 Tnurrock, 
 
 Tilmouth, Is hum. 
 
 Tilsworth, Bedf. 
 
 Tinemouth, Nmim. 
 
 187 
 ISO 
 207 
 212 
 
 117 
 117 
 253 
 260 
 227 
 12.5 
 204 
 144 
 187 
 118 
 277 
 246 
 139 
 142 
 103 
 44 
 80 
 89 
 218 
 215 
 124 
 
 19 
 S3 
 93 
 154 
 \4H 
 197 
 125 
 121 
 152 
 161 
 
 "6 
 328 
 
 59 
 280 
 
 Tintagell, 
 
 Tintern, 
 Tip-put, 
 Tisbury, 
 Tiverton, w. 
 Tixail, 
 
 Cornw. 
 
 Mcnm. 
 Wilts 
 Wilts 
 
 Devon 
 Staff! 
 
 Tollesliunt Magna, Essex 
 
 Toddington, Bedf. 
 
 Ten;;?-, Slirop. 
 
 Top. i am, p. Devon 
 
 Torquay, Devon 
 
 Torksev, Line. 
 
 To-.vyn", Mer. 
 
 Totnesu, p. Devon 
 
 Tottenham^ iNlidx. 
 
 Towcester, p. Nhf.mp. 
 
 Trawsfynyud, i\Ier. 
 
 Tregaian, Angl. 
 
 Tregaron, Card. 
 
 Trelech, Monni. 
 Treleeh or Beltws, Caerm. 
 
 Trcmadoc, Caern. 
 
 Trentham House, Staff! 
 
 Trer Caeri, Caern. 
 
 Tretowcr, Brecon 
 
 Treuddyn, Flint. 
 Triangular Fillar, n. Castle 
 
 Malwood, liens 
 
 Triug, p. Herts 
 
 Trowell, Nott. 
 Troy House, n. Monmouth 
 
 Trumpington, Cainb. 
 
 Truro, p. Cornw, 
 
 Tunbririge, p. 
 Tupholme, 
 Tutbury, p. 
 Tuxforcl ;;. 
 TvviekenliBi i, 
 Tymvald Mount, 
 1 :oe. 
 T'yv.idnnck, 
 
 Uffington, ' 
 
 Uiibr'd, 
 
 Ulev, 
 
 Ulv; rstone, />> 
 I "phiven, 
 
 ham, p. 
 
 Kent 
 
 Line. 
 
 Staff. 
 
 Nott. 
 
 Middx. 
 
 I. of M. 
 
 Warw. 
 
 Con; .r. 
 
 B irks 71 
 
 Suff 79 
 
 Glouc. 1CS 
 
 Lar.e. 267 
 
 Wilts tO 
 
 n-rJ. n 
 
 Bucks .'l 
 
 223 
 
 139 
 
 .-,9 
 
 97 
 
 lb'5 
 
 139 
 
 41 
 
 58 
 
 141 
 
 170 
 
 1S3 
 
 140 
 
 218 
 
 195 
 
 5 
 
 60 
 
 220 
 
 262 
 
 202 
 
 135 
 
 242 
 
 256 
 
 148 
 
 2S8 
 
 158 
 
 200 
 
 85 
 
 51 
 129 
 130 
 
 48 
 255 
 
 50 
 159 
 128 
 153 
 
 10 
 540 
 
 89 
 277
 
 INDEX. England and Wales. 
 
 Upton, 
 
 Wore. 
 
 109 
 
 Weekley, Nhamp. 
 
 76 
 
 I A. P . 
 
 Monm. 
 
 144 
 
 Weeting All Saints, Norf. 
 
 79 
 
 L'ttoxeter, ;>. 
 
 Stall: 
 
 158 
 
 Welbeek, 
 
 Not. 
 
 146 
 
 Uxbridge, p. 
 
 McUx. 
 
 14 
 
 Welch Pool, p. 
 
 Mont. 
 
 178 
 
 
 
 
 Welford, 
 
 Berks 
 
 61 
 
 Yale Royal Abbey, 
 
 Ches. 
 
 178 
 
 Well, 
 
 Line. 
 
 155 
 
 Valley of Stones, n, 
 
 Combe 
 
 
 Wellingborough, p. 
 
 Nmp. 
 
 68 
 
 Martin 
 
 Devon 
 
 204 
 
 Wellington, p. 
 
 Som. 
 
 151 
 
 Vortigern Valley, 
 
 Caern. 
 
 -2.57 
 
 Wellington, p. 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 150 
 
 Vowchurch, 
 
 Here:'. 
 
 148 
 
 Wells,'/;. 
 
 Som. 
 
 120 
 
 
 
 
 Wenloek (Great),/) 
 
 . Shrop. 
 
 154 
 
 Wakefield, ;.. 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 1S2 
 
 Wentworth Castle, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 166 
 
 Yv'aleot Park, n. Bishop's 
 
 
 Wentworth House, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 164 
 
 Castle 
 
 
 145 
 
 Weobly, />. 
 
 Heref. 
 
 146 
 
 Wallingford, p. 
 
 Berks 
 
 45 
 
 Wereham, 
 
 Norf. 
 
 86 
 
 Wallsend, 
 
 Nhum. 
 
 275 
 
 Werk, 
 
 Nhum. 
 
 550 
 
 Walsal. /). 
 
 Stall: 
 
 125 
 
 West Bromwich, 
 
 Staff: 
 
 122 
 
 Walsoken, 
 
 Norf. 
 
 91 
 
 Westbury, 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 162 
 
 Waltliam Abbey, /) 
 
 . Es-.x. 
 
 12 
 
 Westburv. p. 
 
 Wilts 
 
 99 
 
 Waltliam Cross, p. 
 
 I Ierts 
 
 11 
 
 West Cliff; 
 
 Kent 
 
 75 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Essex 
 
 66 
 
 Westcombe, 
 
 Kent 
 
 6 
 
 Walton, 
 
 Som. 
 
 125 
 
 West Cowes, I. 
 
 . of Wl 
 
 
 Walton-on-the-IIill 
 
 , Surry 
 
 17 
 
 West Dean. 
 
 Sussex 
 
 56 
 
 Walton-on-Tliames 
 
 ;, />. Surry 17 
 
 West Dereham, 
 
 Norf. 
 
 91 
 
 Wanborough, 
 
 Wilts 
 
 82 
 
 West Drayton, 
 
 Midx. 
 
 16 
 
 Wansford, p. 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 195 
 
 West 1 1 addon, 
 
 Nmp. 
 
 78 
 
 Wan stead, 
 
 Essex 
 
 7 
 
 West Ham, 
 
 Essex 
 
 6 
 
 WapleyWarrenhiD. 
 
 , Heref. 
 
 156 
 
 West Hoardley, 
 
 Susx. 
 
 ."2 
 
 Ware, p. 
 
 Herts 
 
 20 
 
 West lev Waterless 
 
 . Cam. 
 
 60 
 
 Warham, p. 
 
 Norf. 
 
 119 
 
 West Mersey, 
 
 Esx 
 
 59 
 
 Warketon, 
 
 Nhamp. 
 
 77 
 
 Westminster, 
 
 Middx. 
 
 
 Warkwortli, 
 
 Nimni. 
 
 512 
 
 Weston, 
 
 Not. 
 
 152 
 
 Warminster, p. 
 
 Wilts 
 
 96 
 
 Wetheral, 
 
 Cum. 
 
 506 
 
 Warmwell, 
 
 Dorset 
 
 1 25 
 
 Wetkerby, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 195 
 
 Warnelifi' Park, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 1 66 
 
 Wetton. 
 
 Staff: 
 
 148 
 
 Warnl.iid, 
 
 Hants 
 
 60 
 
 Weybridge, 
 
 Surry 
 
 20 
 
 Warrington, />. 
 
 Lane. 
 
 186 
 
 We-, mouth, p. 
 
 Dorset 
 
 127 
 
 Whrion 1 rag, 
 
 Lane. 
 
 148 
 
 Wh'allev, 
 
 Lane. 
 
 220 
 
 Warwick.;.'. 
 
 Warw. 
 
 91 
 
 Whalton, 
 
 Nhum. 
 
 288 
 
 Wanvick Chesters, 
 
 , Nlium. 
 
 187 
 
 Wharnside, 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 254 
 
 Mil. het, 
 
 Som. 
 
 1 55 
 
 Wimu-m, 
 
 Nott. 
 
 155 
 
 \\ uerieach. 
 
 Ca:-1, 
 
 "6 
 
 Whichl urv, 
 
 
 
 Wateringbury, 
 
 Kent 
 
 55 
 
 Whi-ton, " 
 
 Nham. 
 
 62 
 
 Water Perrv, 
 
 Ox. 11. 
 
 10 
 
 Whitl.v /). 
 
 York. 
 
 244 
 
 Wattord, p." 
 
 Herts 
 
 14 
 
 V. hiti'lmrch, 
 
 Heref. 
 
 126 
 
 \\ Litlington, 
 
 Oxon 
 
 45 
 
 V.', itchurch. p. 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 161 
 
 Wattun, 
 
 Herts 
 
 26 
 
 Whitchurch, 
 
 Midlx. 
 
 10 
 
 W.Jnesbmv, '. 
 
 St-.h; 
 
 194 
 
 Whiteford. 
 
 Flint. 
 
 20^ 
 
 W m u: J, 
 
 Suit. 
 
 115 
 
 White Caie, 
 
 Cliesh. 
 
 ITS 
 
 
 
 
 
 White-
 
 INDEX. Ekgiakd axd Wales. 
 
 Whitehaven, Cumb. 
 
 Wiiiteliorse Hill, n. Ufliiig- 
 ton, Bei ks 
 
 WhiteLadics,n.Tonge, Salop 
 White Parish, Wilts 
 
 Whitley. Wore. 
 
 Whitley Castle, Cumb. 
 Whitsondale, 
 
 Whitstablc, 
 
 Whitstone, 
 
 Whittenham, 
 
 Whittlesea, 
 
 Whitton, 
 
 Wichnor, 
 
 Wideombe, 
 
 W'igan, /;. 
 
 W T igniore, 
 
 Wigton, /;. 
 
 Wikeham, 
 
 Willersey, 
 
 Willingham, 
 
 Willoughby, 
 
 Willoughby, 
 
 Wilsford, 
 
 Wilton, /). 
 
 W'imbledon, 
 
 Yorks. 
 Kent 
 Corn. 
 
 Camb. 
 
 Durh. 
 
 Staff. 
 
 Som. 
 
 Lane. 
 Heref. 
 
 Cum. 
 Yorks. 
 Glouc. 
 Camb. 
 
 Leic. 
 
 Nott. 
 
 Wilts 
 
 Wilts 
 
 Surry 
 
 302 
 
 141 
 87 
 122 
 307 
 255 
 60 
 
 Wimborne Minster,/).Dors 
 
 Wimpole, 
 
 W inandermere, 
 
 "VN ineheombe, p. 
 
 Winchelsea, /). 
 
 Winchester, /). 
 
 "V\ indsor, /). 
 
 Wingerworth, 
 
 Wingfield, 
 
 Winsley, 
 
 W'inster, 
 
 Camb. 
 Westm. 
 
 Glouc. 
 
 Sussex 
 
 Hants 
 
 Berks 
 
 Derb. 
 
 Sufi: 
 
 Yorks. 
 Uerb. 
 
 W'interbornc Abbas, Dors, 
 
 W isbeach, />. 
 Witham, p. 
 "W itliecombe, 
 Withvpool, 
 Wiveliscombe, /), 
 Woburn, /). 
 Wold Newton, 
 Wullaton, 
 
 Camb. 
 
 Esx. 
 
 Devon 
 
 Som. 
 
 , Som. 
 
 Bedf. 
 
 Yorks. 
 
 Nott. 
 
 76 
 
 245 
 
 125 
 
 107 
 
 200 
 
 147 
 
 306 
 
 207 
 
 95 
 
 69 
 
 94 
 
 114 
 
 87 
 
 84 
 
 7 
 
 101 
 
 47 
 
 274 
 
 94 
 
 66 
 
 62 
 
 22 
 
 152 
 
 96 
 
 255 
 
 152 
 
 124 
 
 90 
 
 57 
 
 171 
 
 169 
 
 154 
 
 41 
 
 215 
 
 127 
 
 Wolseley, Staff 
 
 Wolston, Warw. 
 
 Wolverhampton,/). Siaff. 
 
 Woodchester, Gloe. 
 
 Wcodstock,;>. Oson 
 
 Woollcr, p. Nhum. 
 
 Woolwich, Kent 
 
 Worcester, /;. Wor. 
 
 Workington, p. Cumb. 
 
 Worksop,/;. Not. 
 
 Worlingworth, Stiff 
 
 Worthing,/). Sussx. 
 
 Wotton Courtney, Som. 
 
 Wrekin Hill. n. Buildwas 
 
 or Wroxeter, 
 
 Wresscl Castle, Yorks. 
 
 Wrexham, /). Den. 
 
 Wricklemarsh, Kent 
 
 Wrington, Som. 
 
 Writtle, Essex 
 
 Wrotham, /). Kent 
 
 Wroxeter, Shrop. 
 
 Wroxton, Oxon 
 
 Wvmondham, /). Norf. 
 
 Wynch Bridge n. Middle- 
 
 ton, Durh. 
 
 Wynnstay House, Den. 
 
 Yalding, 
 
 Yarm, /). 
 
 Yarmouth, I. of W 
 
 Yarmouth, /;. 
 
 Yaxley, 
 
 Yeilden, 
 
 Yeovil, p. 
 
 Yevering, 
 
 York, /). 
 
 Yoxall, 
 
 Yspytty Ce'n Fac 
 
 Ystrad, 
 
 Ystrad Ffni Yale, 
 
 Ystradfellte, 
 
 Ystrad JVIeirie, 
 
 Kent 
 
 York 
 ./). Hants. 
 
 Norf. 
 Hunts 
 
 Bedf. 
 
 Som. 
 Nhum 
 Yorks. 
 
 Staff, 
 n, Car. 
 
 Card. 
 Caer m. 
 Brecon 
 
 Card. 
 
 154 
 
 89 
 
 123 
 
 105 
 
 62 
 
 518 
 
 8 
 
 111 
 
 311 
 
 145 
 
 92 
 
 55 
 
 165 
 
 156 
 
 179 
 
 189 
 
 6 
 
 122 
 
 29 
 
 23 
 
 156 
 
 75 
 
 99 
 
 249 
 194 
 
 41 
 
 255 
 
 125 
 73 
 62 
 121 
 320 
 196 
 126 
 199 
 210 
 196 
 1X0 
 220 
 
 Zennor or Sennor Corn. 285 
 
 INDEX
 
 INDEX 
 
 TO 
 
 PLACES IN SCOTLAND 
 
 REFERRED TO t>: THIS WORK ; WITH THEIR 
 DISTANCES FROM EDINBURGH. 
 Those with a p. are Post Towns. 
 
 miles. miles. 
 
 Ap.ercorn', Linlithg, 14 Ben Lomond, Dumb. 
 
 Aberdeen, p. Aberd. 128 from Luss to Edinburgh 72 
 
 [106 by the Terries and 128 by Ben Nevis, Ar 
 
 PerthJ 
 
 
 
 Ben Nevis Mount 
 
 , Inv, 
 
 
 Aberdour, p. 
 
 Aberd. 
 
 12, 
 
 Kihnalie 
 
 
 
 Aberdour, 
 
 Fifesh. 
 
 10 
 
 Benyda'.e, 
 
 Caithn. 
 
 244 
 
 Aberlemni, 
 
 Angr. 
 
 60 
 
 Berwick (North), 
 
 Had. 
 
 c/O 
 
 Abernethy, 
 
 Per*. 
 
 44 
 
 B^ ; ar,;,. 
 
 Lan. 
 
 28 
 
 Airly House, 
 
 Aug. 
 
 57 
 
 },: Athol, 
 
 Ferth. 
 
 76 
 
 Airth, 
 
 Stirl. 
 
 30 
 
 Biiir-o\vrie,j). 
 
 Pertli. 
 
 58 
 
 Alloa, ;>. 
 
 Cluck. 
 
 31 
 
 Eiaxiicid, 
 
 Lan. 
 
 
 Alytli,;i. 
 
 Perth. 
 
 Gl 
 
 Bolcskin, 
 
 Invern. 
 
 1,38 
 
 Amisti Id House, 
 
 I ".add. 
 
 IS 
 
 Bol! !1), 
 
 Had. 
 
 16 
 
 Annan, /). 
 
 Dinnf. 
 
 90 
 
 Bennington Linn, 
 
 Lan. 
 
 31 
 
 Anwotli, 
 
 Kirkeud. 
 
 111 
 
 Borgue!, 
 
 Kirk. 
 
 102 
 
 Apuiu, /). 
 
 Ar;;. 
 
 1 18 
 
 Bothwell, 
 
 Lan. 
 
 42 
 
 Arbroath p. 
 
 Any. 
 
 58 
 
 Bothwick, 
 
 Edin. 
 
 12 
 
 Ardehattan, 
 
 Ar-. 
 
 140 
 
 Bowden, 
 
 Box. 
 
 58 
 
 Ardersicr, 
 
 Inveru. 
 
 l(>(j 
 
 lioyne Castle 
 
 Baud) 
 
 156 
 
 Ardoch, 
 
 Perth. 
 
 46 
 
 Braetnar, 
 
 Aberd. 
 
 90 
 
 Ardrossan, 
 
 A vrsh. 
 
 77 
 
 Brechin, p. 
 
 A ii. 
 
 66 
 
 Ayr, p. 
 
 Ayrsh. 
 
 77 
 
 Brora, 
 
 Sutherl. 
 
 225 
 
 BaU'ernie, 
 j , . , ;:iiu" ;"iv, 
 
 Fifesh. 
 
 Fit; sh. 
 
 18 
 
 Brraiiihton, 
 Bu'nannan 1 Tens 
 
 Feeble. 
 :, Dumb. 
 
 26 
 52 
 
 Bnlmajrbfe, 
 
 Kirke. 
 
 108 
 
 Bu.krs of Buchan 
 
 , Cruden. 
 
 132 
 
 Balm riii", 
 
 Fili'.-h. 
 
 36 
 
 Buna we, 
 
 Arg. 
 
 113 
 
 Balqiihidder, 
 
 Berth. 
 
 ('.."> 
 
 Buryhhead, 
 
 jMorays. 
 
 169 
 
 !':.:;:;. 
 
 Eanifsh. 
 
 151 
 
 
 
 
 lli-iu.li.-u Abbey, 
 
 [tivei n. 
 
 ICG 
 
 Caerlavrock, 
 
 Dumf. 
 
 Cu 
 
 7:> 
 Ider,
 
 TNDEXv Scottan-o. 
 
 Calder, Nairns. 
 
 Callander, . Perth. 
 
 Cambray Isle, West Kil- 
 bride, Ayrsh. 
 Campbelton, p. Arg. 
 Cannesby, Caith. 
 Cardross, Dumb. 
 Carriden, _ Linl. 
 Cartline Crags, Lan. 
 Castle Campbell, Dollar 
 Castle Grant, Cromdale 
 Castletown, Roxb. 
 Catstane, Kirkliston 
 Cavers, Roxb. 
 Cauldron Linn, Tullybole 
 Cauldron Linn, Dollar 
 Ceres, Fifesli. 
 Chapel of Ganoch, Aber. 
 Chirchup Linn, Closeburn 
 Clackmannan, Clack. 
 Closeburn, Dumfr. 
 Clova, Ang. 
 Clyne, Sutherl 
 Clvthness, 
 Cocksburnspath, 
 Coldstream, ju 
 Collace, 
 
 Collessie, 
 Collington, p. 
 ColmonelL, 
 Comrie, 
 Contin, 
 
 Caith. 
 Berw. 
 Berw. 
 Perth. 
 Fifes. 
 Edin. 
 Avrs. 
 Perth. 
 Rossh. 
 
 Coral Rock, Southend 
 
 164 
 52 
 
 Corra Linn, Lan. 
 
 Cortadry, An<;. 
 
 Cossie Mouth, Mor. 
 
 Covington, Lan. 
 
 Coweys Linn, Peebl. 
 
 Cowhaven Cave, Aberd. 
 
 Craig Ellachie, Elgin 
 
 Craignish, Arg. 
 
 Crawford, Lan. 
 
 Crieff, p. Perth. 
 
 Cromarty, p. Crom. 
 
 Cromdale, Moray. 
 Cruachan Beinn Mountain, 
 Ardchattan 
 
 Cruden, Aber. 
 
 175 
 
 28S 
 61 
 27 
 
 30 
 
 159 
 
 60 
 
 9 
 
 50 
 
 28 
 28 
 126 
 61 
 28 
 61 
 
 224 
 
 260 
 
 56 
 
 46 
 
 51 
 
 54 
 
 3 
 
 100 
 
 62 
 
 175 
 
 185 
 
 172 
 SO 
 
 22 
 
 160 
 150 
 42 
 55 
 175 
 159 
 
 131 
 
 Culleri,p. Banff: 164 
 
 Culross,;). Perth. 22 
 
 Culzean Castle, Mavbole 84 
 
 Cummertrees, Dumf. 84 
 
 Dalgety, Fife. 12 
 
 Dalkeith, p. Edinb. 6 
 
 Dalmellington, Ayrsh. 92 
 
 Dalmeny, Linlith. 8 
 
 Dairy, Ayrsh. 67 
 Danish Forts, Southend, Ar. 188 
 
 Deer, Aberd. 135 
 
 DenoonCastle,Glames, An. 52 
 
 Deskford, Banff. 157 
 Devil's Mill, Tullybole, 
 
 Kinr. 27 
 Dildrid Castle, Wick, Cait. 
 Dingwall, p. Ross. 173 
 Docton, Fifes. 16 
 Dollar, Clack. 30 
 Dornoch, ]U Suth. 209 
 Dryburgh, Roxb. 38 
 Dryburgh Abbey, Merton, 
 Berw. 
 Drysdale, Dumf. 72 
 Duff House, Banff. 165 
 Dumbarton, p. Dumb. 57 
 Dumblane, Perth. 41 
 Dumfermlme, p. Fifes. 17 
 Dumfries, p. Dumf. 72 
 Dunavesty Castle, South- 
 end, Arg. 180 
 Dunbar, p. Had. 28 
 Dunbeth Castle, Berrydale, 
 
 Caith. 134 
 
 Dunby Rock, Staines, Abe. 248 
 
 Dundas Castle, Dalmeny, 8 
 
 Dundee, p. Ang. 62 
 
 by Perth, 40 by the Ferries 
 
 Dundonald, Ayr. 69 
 Dundrenan, Kirk. 
 Dungsby-head, Cannesby, 
 Caith. 
 
 Dunipace, 
 
 Dunkeld, 
 
 Dunnet, 
 
 Dun-o-deer, 
 
 Dunnotter, 
 
 Stirl. 
 Perth. 
 Caith. 
 Aberd. 
 
 Kinc. 
 
 104 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 59 
 
 299 
 
 92 
 
 Dunse,.
 
 INDEX. Scotland. 
 
 Dunse> p. 
 Dunstannage, 
 
 Ber. 
 
 40 
 
 Glenorchy, A re. 
 
 113 
 
 Arg. 
 
 127 
 
 Glen Quoich Cascade, Tul- 
 
 
 Durness, 
 
 Suth. 
 
 360 
 
 loch 
 
 
 Pyke, 
 
 Morays. 
 
 160 
 
 Glenroy, Inv. 
 
 130 
 
 Eastwood, 
 
 Renf. 
 
 48 
 
 Glenshiel, Ros... 
 
 138 
 
 Eckford, 
 
 Roxb. 
 
 44 
 
 Golspie, p. Sutherl. 
 Gordon Castle, Fochnb. 
 
 217 
 
 Edinburgh,^. 
 
 Edinb. 
 
 
 157 
 
 Edzell, 
 
 Angus. 
 
 74 
 
 Govan, Lan. 
 
 47 
 
 Elgin, p. 
 
 Mor. 
 
 166 
 
 Grampian Hills, Kinc. 
 
 99 
 
 Essie, 
 
 Angus. 
 
 
 Greenock,;;. Renf. 
 Gretna, Dumf. 
 
 65 
 81 
 
 Falkirk, p. 
 Falkland, p. 
 
 Stirl. 
 
 25 
 
 Guns Castle, Lath, 
 
 56 
 
 Fife. 
 
 21 
 
 Guthrie, Ang. 
 
 66 
 
 Fall of Foyers, U 
 
 rquhart 
 
 
 
 
 Far, 
 
 Suth. 
 
 530 
 
 Haddington.;). Had. 
 
 17 
 
 Fearn, 
 
 Crom. 
 
 180 
 
 Hamilton Palace, p. Lan. 
 
 38 
 
 Fettercairn, 
 
 Kincar. 
 
 78 
 
 Harris Isle, one of the Hebrides, 
 
 by Dundee, 94 
 Finhaven Castle, 
 
 by Perth. 
 
 
 Hawick, p. Roxb. 
 
 47 
 
 Forf. 
 
 
 Hawfhorndcn, Edin. 
 
 7 
 
 Fintry, 
 
 Stirl. 
 
 50 
 
 Hopetoun, Lin. 
 
 11 
 
 Fochabers, p. 
 
 Banff. 
 
 157 
 
 Huntley, p. Aber. 
 
 159 
 
 Fordoun, 
 
 Kinc. 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 Forfar, 
 
 Ang. 
 
 54 
 
 Inch, .Aber. 
 
 133 
 
 by Dunse, 70 t 
 
 iv Perth 
 
 
 Inch, "\Vigt. 
 
 114 
 
 Forres, p. 
 
 Moray. 
 
 156 
 
 Inchcolm, Edin. 
 
 5 
 
 Fort Augustus, ;; 
 
 '. Inv. 
 
 130 
 
 Inchcolm Abbev, Dnlr;etv 
 
 11 
 
 Fort George, p. 
 
 Jnv. 
 
 165 
 
 Inch Keith, Edinb. 
 
 5 
 
 Fort William, p. 
 
 Arg. 
 Perth. 
 
 153 
 
 Innes House, Elgin 
 
 166 
 
 Fortiviot, 
 
 46 
 
 Inverary, ;/. Arg. 
 
 103 
 
 Frazerburgli, 
 
 Aber. 
 
 148 
 
 Invercauld, Aber. 
 
 92 
 
 Freswick, 
 
 Caith. 
 
 283 
 
 Inverness, ;>. Inv. 
 
 156 
 
 Furness Abbey, 
 
 Lan. 
 
 270 
 
 IsleofArran, Butesh. 
 Colonsay, one of the 
 
 
 Galashiels, p. 
 
 Selk. 
 
 30 
 
 Hebrides 
 
 
 Garvalbourn Cataract, lnverca\ild 
 
 Hay, ditto 
 
 
 General's lint 
 
 Inv, 
 
 159 
 
 Jona or Icolmkill, ditto 
 
 Gihnerton, 
 
 Edinb. 
 
 4 
 
 Jura, ditto 
 
 
 Giames, p, 
 
 Ang. 
 
 51 
 
 Skv, ditto 
 
 
 Glasgow, p. 
 
 Lan. 
 
 43 
 
 Staila, ditto 
 
 
 Glasscrton, 
 
 Wfct. 
 
 117 
 
 
 
 Glcnco Vale, Lisrnore, 
 
 116 
 
 Jedburgh, p. R.ox. 
 
 46 
 
 Glencross, 
 
 Edin. 
 
 7 
 
 Johno'Groat'sHouse,Canne.2S7 
 
 Glen Dig 
 
 Inv, 
 
 173 
 
 Johnston Bridge, Ren. 
 
 54 
 
 Glen in Strathglass, Itoss, 
 
 
 
 
 Glenisla, 
 
 Ang, 
 
 70 
 
 Kells, Kirk. 
 
 80 
 
 Gbn Moriston, 
 
 Inv. 
 
 135 
 
 Kelso, p. Box. 
 
 41 
 
 Glcnmuick, 
 
 Aler. 
 
 105 
 
 Kcttcns, A n z. 
 
 58 
 
 hide
 
 I N DEX. Scotland- 
 
 Kilbride, Airsh. 
 
 Kilbride, Arg. 
 
 Kilbumie, Airsh. 
 
 Kilchrenan, Arg. 
 
 Kilconquhar, Fifes. 
 
 Kildruniy, Aber. 
 
 Ksli;prth^ Bute. 
 
 Killear, Stirl. 
 
 Killin, p. Perth. 
 
 Killmadock, Perth. 
 
 Kilmacolm, Renf. 
 
 Kilmalie, Arg. 
 
 Kilmalie, Inv. 
 
 Ki'unanwaig, Inv. 
 
 Kilmarnock, p. Ayr. 
 
 KilmaroDock, Dumb. 
 
 K ilmorack, Inv. 
 
 Kilmorly Castle, Largs. 
 
 Kinghorn, p. Fifesh. 
 
 Kinross House, p. Kinr. 
 
 Kintail, P.os. 
 
 Kirkcudbright, p. Kirk. 
 
 Kirkgunzeon, Kirk. 
 
 Kirkliston, p. Link 
 
 Kirkmaiden, Wigt. 
 
 Kirkoswald, Ayrsh. 
 Kirkpatrick Flemmmg, 
 
 Dumf. 
 Kirkpatrick Irongray, Kirk 
 
 KirkurU, Peeb. 
 
 Kirk Yetholm, Rox. 
 
 Kynloss, Mor. 
 
 Lanark, p. 
 
 I..arg, 
 Largs, 
 Lath rone, 
 Laurence Kirk, p. 
 Leader Fort, 
 Leith, p. 
 Lesmanagoe, 
 Leswalt, 
 Linlithgow, ]). 
 
 Lan. 
 Suth. 
 
 Airs. 
 Cajth. 
 Kinc. 
 Berw. 
 Edin. 
 
 I. an. 
 Wigt 
 
 Lin. 
 
 Linn Corymoulzie, Tulioch. 
 
 Aberd. 
 Linn Dee Waterfall, Tul- 
 ioch, Aberd. 
 Finn Muik, Aberd. 
 
 73 
 148 
 
 66 
 117 
 
 50 
 150 
 
 61 
 
 73 
 
 47 
 
 56 
 
 137 
 
 137 
 
 154 
 
 61 
 
 67 
 
 170 
 
 74 
 
 10 
 
 27 
 
 170 
 
 99 
 
 86 
 
 9 
 
 127 
 
 86 
 
 77 
 80 
 21 
 46 
 159 
 
 51 
 253 
 
 74 
 256 
 
 79 
 
 28 
 o 
 
 59 
 122 
 
 17 
 
 12G 
 
 126 
 12o 
 
 Lismore, 
 Lochavis, 
 Loch Awe, 
 by Tyndrum by 
 
 120 
 
 Loch Eil, 
 Loch Etwe, 
 Loch Fergus, 
 Loch Fyne, Strach 
 Lochindorb Lake, 
 
 dale 
 Loch Katharine n. 
 
 der 
 Loch Levin, 
 Loch Lochy, Fort 
 
 tus, 
 Loch Lomond, 
 Loehmaben, p. 
 Loch Oich, Fort 
 
 tus, 
 Lochrutton, 
 Lochwinnock, 
 Logie, 
 Loth, 
 Loudon, 
 Luss, p. 
 Lyne, 
 
 Arg. 143 
 Arg. li.> 
 Arg. 1UO 
 Inverary 
 
 Arg. 
 
 Arg. 
 
 Kirk, 
 ur, Ar. 
 Crocs 
 
 Mor. 
 Callan- 
 Perth. 
 
 Kin. 
 Augus. 
 
 Inv. 
 
 Dum. 
 
 Dumf. 
 
 Augus- 
 
 Maiden Castle, 
 Maiden Stone, 
 Manor, 
 Marton, 
 Mary Kirk, 
 Maybole, p. 
 M earns, 
 Mcigle, p. 
 Melross, p. 
 Melville House 
 Menmuir, 
 Merton, 
 Methven, 
 Miggernie, 
 Minto, 
 Mochrum, 
 Moflat, p. 
 Monkland, 
 Montrose, p. 
 Monzje, 
 
 Aberd. 
 Chapel 
 Feeble. 
 
 Rox. 
 
 Kinc. 
 
 Avr. 
 Renf. 
 Perth. 
 
 Rox. 
 , Melville 
 
 Ang. 
 
 Berw. 
 
 Perth. 
 
 .Perth. 
 
 Rox. 
 Wigt 
 Dumf. 
 
 Lan. 
 
 Aug. 
 Perth. 
 Mordin 
 
 64 
 
 Kirk. 78 
 
 Renf. 60 
 
 Stirl. 38 
 
 Suth. 235 
 
 Ayrsh. 6G 
 
 Dumb. 80 
 
 Peeb. 25 
 
 12G 
 
 27 
 SO 
 74 
 85 
 51 
 52 
 35 
 24 
 74 
 38 
 52 
 91 
 47 
 103 
 50 
 40 
 70
 
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