cyW. Scougale Challenge Shorthand Manual Pitman-Graphic THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Ix E. U. r. ^^ LAVV'YEK Challenge Shorthand Manual ■ PITMAN-GRAPHIC SECOND EDITION COPYRIGHT, 1917 BY MALCOLM SCOUGALE Weatherford, Texas THE WILLIAM G. HEWITT PRESS 61-67 NAVY ST BROOKLYN. N Y. .••.••• •••• a • » • «• •• • •• » • * • • 5 43=? GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. 1. Write on ruled paper with fine pointed pen, or with pencil kept well sharpened. 2. "If Phonographic strokes were inclined in a uni- form direction, as in the common longhand, it would be better to hold the pen or pencil in the usual manner." — Mat'ual of Phonography, Ben Pitman, 1871. Challenge Shorthand follows so nearly the movement of longhand that the student and writer will find the long- hand movement much the best, and a student best trained in longhand will write the best and most rapid Challenge Shorthand. The movements of a rapid longhand writer are much more rapid than the movements of the best stenographer can possibly be. 3. Write always with care, endeavoring to write smooth, accurate notes. Writing too slowly, the hand will tremble ; too rapidly, the lines will be imperfect in length, slant, shade and position. Find your best movement and accelerate it very gradually, but surely. 4. Pronounce each character-name, or word, as you write it in shorthand. 5. Never indulge in the slow process of copying short- hand characters or words one by one, or sentence after sentence, constantly interrupting your work to find the next character, word, or sentence ; but — 6. Practice writing, repeatedly, as many characters or words as you can readily hold in mind. 7. Do not seek to hurry impatiently forward. Confine all hurry work to repeated and careful review. MATTERS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE. 8. Vowels. — The familiar statement that "the vowels are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w and y," is not the state- ment of a phonetic writer, and has no application to pho- netic shorthand. The word vowel is used in speaking of the vowel sound, and also of the sign for the sound. 3 449505 4 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 9. Vowel sounds are indicated by dots and short dashes (called ticks), written near consonant strokes, and made heavy or light Ao indicate, respectively, long or short vowels. The ticks slant to the right and are written downward. 10. Vowel Names. — A vowel should have no other name than its true sound, without regard to the Roman letter or letters used to indicate it. A long pause between vowel and consonant, in pronouncing the following words, reveals the true sound-value of the vowel and of the consonant. (a). First Position Vowels: It eats of all. (b). Second Position Vowels: Ed, take up oats. Xc). Third Position Vowels: Ann Arp took food. 11. Consonants. — "Every mark stands for a word." J^et the student forget this erroneous though widely ac- cepted statement about shorthand. Each mark stands for a sound or sounds. A shorthand b, d, f, v, or y, has the same sound usually given to it in the Roman alphabet. 12. Continuant Consonants. — Of the consonants, /, sh, zh (the sound of z in acure), f, v, th (as in thin), th (as in then), s, z, are continuants; that is, their sounds may be continued indefinitely ; and their signs are curved lines or strokes. Ch (t and sh), and j (d and zh), ending with continuant sounds, also have curved signs. M, n, ng (as in ring), and the combinations mp and mb, are nasal continuants (mp-tnb being so in part), and their signs are horizontal curves. 13. Explodent Consonants. — The explodents (that may not be continued or dwelt upon in pronunciation) are p, b, t, d, k, g (as in gay) — and they are represented by straight lines or strokes. 14. R, H, W, Y. — R and h (represented by straight lines) and w and y (represented by curves) have no rule here but the rule of convenience and expediency. 15. Consonant Pairs. — Fourteen consonant sounds are in pairs, thus: sh, zh; f, v; th (as in thin); th (as in then) ; s, z; p, b; t, d; k, g (as in gay). For brevity, and to aid memory, these may be called light and heavy sounds, in the order in which their letters CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 5 are paired above, and each pair is given a sign, common to both members of the pair, and made light or heavy, except as to sh and ch, to represent the light or heavy sound. Sh-sh do not need the distinction of light and heavy signs. 16. ^fe}nory Helps. — It is helpful to employ sentences, showing vowels consecutively, in the order in which they are presented in the lessons. At suitable times the atten- tion of the student will be recalled to paragraphs 8, 9, 10, with reference to vowels ; and reference to paragraphs 11-15 is here recommended, in connection with the presen- tation of the different classes of consonant signs. Careful attention to these paragraphs will greatly aid the memory of the student. The old Pitmanic alphabet aflfords a further memory aid. in that the directions of strokes — left-slant, vertical, right-slant, and horizontal — respectively indicate sounds "modified by position, or obstructed in the region of the lips, teeth, gums, hard palate, soft palate." Challenge Shorthand turns all left-slant strokes of Pitman to the right, and thereby secures much greater facility of move- ment, at the expense of a memory-aid useful only in the first days of study. Hay (h) and Yay (j) are the only left-slant strokes of Challenge Shorthand, and brief signs for these are so used that hours, and sometimes days, of steady work may not require the use of the difficult, scrawl-producing left- slant strokes, while such strokes constitute much more than 25 per cent of the old Pitmanic notes. CONSONANTS, VOWELS, AND DIPHTHONGS. 17. Arrangement of Pages. — A paragrapn number, not immediately followed by a letter, in- dicates that no direct reference is required to short- hand illustrations in connection with such para- graph ; and a lettered number refers the student to shorthand, indicated by the same lettered number. 18. Second Position. — All strokes, and small characters not written to strokes, rest on the ruled line ; i. e., in the second position. This will be the sole rule until the other positions are hereinafter presented. 19. Consonants are represented by straight or curved lines, called strokes, made light or shaded. 20a. Three consonant strokes, written upward to the right and unshaded, represent /, r, sh, and are named respectively El, Ar, Ish. When standing alone (that is, not joined with other stroke or strokes) r is written at an angle of 30 degrees from the ruled line, and a straight line, connecting the points of / or sh, should have the same angle. 21a. Second position rozvels are written oppo- site to and near the middle of strokes. Written to the left of an ascending or descending stroke, they are read before it; written to the right of such stroke, they are read after it. Review 8, 9, 10, with special attention to 10 (b). 21b. Ell, El, lay, low, Lowe, err, air, Urr, ore, oar, ray, Ray, row, Rowe, Shay, show, oro. 6 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 20a. Three Consonants, Upward to the Right. r- 1, /r, -^ sL- named ^ H, ^ hi,^ Ish 21a. Second Position Vowels. 2, light dot, as in /^ cD, >'' or. a, heavy dot, as in /'^ ak, x< ray, ,'^ air, ^, Shay. 0, light dash, as in /^ Urr. 0, heavy dash, as in '" low, ^ ore, _ / show. 21b. y^ r- /^ ^ ^ X y ^ ^ X yi ... V 22a. Wordsigns: Vowel-briefs and L, R, SH, Second Position. a, an, and too, two,) who ) 22 Key. but wiU he, liim, to ^ should ^ shaU ^, ^r/ >^. ^ /^ 2- ^ 8 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 22a. Wordsigiis. — When standing alone, the vowel-signs are called briefs; and so, also, are the circles, half-circles, atid loops, hereinafter presented. A zuordsign is (1) A stroke written out of true position; (2) A stroke, when less than the full con- sonant indication of a word or words; or (3) A brief — when such stroke or brief is used to indicate a word or words. The stroke may be with or with- out briefs or hooks attached. Should, in the accompanying list of wordsigns, is to be written upward, and all the other ticks down- ward. 22 Key. — A paragraph number followed by the word Key, in the shorthand pages, marks a para- graph containing sentences. Typed matter, equiva- lent to the shorthand Key paragraphs, will be found in the Challenge Shorthand Dictation Key. The student should read and copy the Key short- hand without the aid of the Dictation Key, and if difficulty in that respect is experienced, thorough review should be had before proceeding further. 23a. Seven Consonant Strokes, written down- ward and leaning to the right, represent w, ch, j, p, h, f, V, and are named respectively Way, Chay, Jay, Pee, Bee, Ef, Vee. When standing alone they should be written at an angle of 60 degrees from the ruled line. See paragraphs 11, 12, 13, 15. 24. Shading. — Make light strokes very light and shade the heavy strokes only enough to dis- tinguish them from the light strokes. Straight strokes are shaded uniformly through- out their length. Shaded curves are light at the CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL / ■.-^..^..^..f. . ./ - ^.L /./■../;. ^. . . r. . ,,^. / / -/-..'..^/T... -f-- 23a. Seven Consonants, Downward, Rigbt-siant. f ch, / p, y f: turned i Quy, / Pee, J Ef. I ], / h, J y. turned f Jay, /Bee, J Vee. ( w: turned ' Way. 10 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL points and shaded gradually to the middle, except that in shading ; the shading is continued full from . the middle to the end. 24b. Way, woe, etch, edge, age, jay, Joe, up, ope, ape, pay, Poe, obey, oaf, fay, foe. 25a. Wordsigns. 26. Light Strokes, Right Slant, Distinguished. — The upward strokes, /, r, sh, are written at an angle of 30 degrees from the ruled line ; and light downward strokes, w, p, f, at an angle of 60 degrees from the ruled line. This difference in slant will be made by the hand involuntarily, because the hand is accustomed to such variation in writing longhand ; yet this rule should be borne in mind and carefully heeded in all practice work. 26b. L, w; r, p; sh, /; /, sh; p, r; w, I. 27. Joining Consonant Strokes. — The first stroke, written upward or downward, should rest on the ruled line ; then, without lifting the pen or pencil from the paper, begin the second stroke where the first ends, the third being continued from the end of the second, and so on to the end of the out- line. This is the rule of the second position. Note. — Write all the strokes of an outline and then add the vowel or vowels. Also note the rela- tive positions of long- and short-vowel signs to consonants, governed by Rule 28. 27b. Lore, lull, loaf, luff, love, ledge. Job, Jep, shoaler, lush. 28. A Second Position Voivel Between Joined Strokes. — A long vowel should be written after and near the first stroke, and a short vowel should be written before and near the second stroke. This is CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 11 24b. (^f' <(■( r^ ^ ////// y > > 25a. Wordsigns: Right-slant, Down- ward Strokes, Second Position. r which /be /for ) have 26b. 27b. 28b. 29b. 29Key. f.J^/^.,.yC^J./.^..^., 12 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL for additional safety in reading long and short vowels in second position. 28b. Loaf, luflf, Job, Jep, ledge, lope, lave, love, wave, wove. 29. Joining Straight Strokes Without Angle. — The line is simply continued to double length, for two straight strokes of the same direction. The shading is gradual between heavy and light lines so joined. 29b. Roar, Pope, Bobo, babe, Beppo. 30. Positions of Strokes. — The position of a word is first, second, or third, corresponding with the position of its vowel — or its accented vowel, where the word has more than one vowel — ^and the first rising or descending stroke takes that position. All the vowels heretofore used have been second place vowels, and the words have been in the second position ; that is, resting on the ruled line. 31a. First Position Voivels. — These are written opposite and near the beginning of a stroke, whether the stroke be written upward or downward ; and, beyond this diflFerence between first and second posi- tion vowels, all that is said of vowels in paragraphs 8, 9, 10, 21a, applies here. Especially note 10 (a). 32. First Position Strokes. — The lower end of an ascending or descending stroke — or the first ascending or descending stroke, if two or more strokes are joined — must rest half the length of a stroke above the ruled line. 32b. Eel, lee, Lee, ear, raw, pshaw, she, ^ach, jaw, paw, off, eve, loll, jeer, ball, pill, peal, follow, folly, volley, veal, veer. CHALLKNGK SHORTIIAXD MANUAL 13 31a. First Position Vowels. I, light dot, as in '_ill, ./rich,..r.if,.h^.wish. e, heavy dot, as in ' . eel, _'__ Le«, each, .'^fee. 0, light dash, as in ' lop, /^^ fop, / job, ~'^ shop, aw, heavy dash, as in . '_ raw, _ ' ^ law, rl . shawl. 32b. : .:^....:...i.zi r C> f- /-"^Jr /- t- J- l^ rr /' : y 34a. Wordsigns: Vowel-briefs and Right-slant Strokes, First Position. .......th« already why or of awe, aught, . ought ever .-_'.. all hear, her, here 35 Key. ^■^ ^y. /-.:../f......-rr..:. ......^J::-i.:.::..:::...../....^/:,;.r/..^.^„:.. '..L.J..:..... J -/--/.../ ../ 14 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 33. A First Position Vowel, between joined strokes, is written after the first stroke, as in 32b. 34a. Wordsigns. — On is written upward ; all the other first position ticks downward. 35. First Position Brief Wordsigns are written the length of a stroke above the ruled line. See Wordsigns, 34a. Circles and Loops. 36. Strokes for s and s will be presented later. Brief devices, indicating the sounds of s, s, s-s, s-3, st, str, may be used. The introduction of the circles and loops at this stage very greatly enlarges the list of words that may be used for dictation work. The student is here warned to go no farther, in word formation, than the words presented. Otherwise, wrong outlines will have to be unlearned. 37. A Small Circle, denoting the sound of s or s, and named Iss, is joined to a straight line by a motion contrary to that of the hands of a clock ; and this side of the straight line is called the circle side. By context, distinction is readily made between words sounding s or 2. 37b. Sore, rose, sear, race, rays, soars, source, sorrows, series, sips, seeps, pause, bees, ebbs, sobs, suppose. 38. The Small Circle Iss is joined to a curve by follov/ing the direction of the curve. 38b. Sells, less, seals, sways, ways, sway, sage, sages, ages, face, safe, safes, saves, sever, severe. 39. The Small Circle Iss, hetzveen strokes, is turned in the most convenient manner. 39b. Lesser, razor, racer, wrestle, chaser, Joseph, chisel, jostle. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 15 37b. •o^ w v^ r r /' -^ .^^^^e- z*^ ^ ^ 38b. 39b. /-^-^--^-'-^-^-X o ^ ^.. Ir ^.:.:X-: •r^/ .d.. . ..<7..L.l..:..£....A^. . .-/&...^..f2. 16 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 40. Reading Circles and Loops. — A circle or loop at the beginning of a stroke is read before the stroke and any vowel placed beside it ; and a circle or loop at the end of a stroke is read after the stroke or any vowel placed beside it. This rule is exempli- fied in the Iss shorthand just presented, as it will be in the circle and loop studies hereafter. 41. Unaccented Vowels. — In each of the words used in 39b, the vowel of the last syllable is indis- tinct, and is omitted. As a general rule, unaccented vowels, unless initial or final, need no indication. 42. A Large Circle. — The small circle may be enlarged to add another s or s when two sibilants (s or 2) occur with a vowel between them. The large circle is called Ses. A vowel-sign may be written within this circle, when necessary. 42b. Lace, laces ; loss, losses ; chase, chases ; pace, paces ; piece, pieces ; base, bases ; pose, poses ; possess, pos- sessive, possessor, possessory; Cicero, pesos. 43. A Small Loop, named Steh, written in the circle place, indicates the sound of st with no inter- vening vowel. 43b. Stall, lost, raced, rest, roast, waste, west, stitch, stage, chased, stop, step, post, boast, story, faced, vest. 44. Loops between Strokes are seldom used (and their use will be presented hereafter), but Iss is used instead of Steh in some instances, ignoring the sound of t. 44b. Listless, restless, beastly, justly. Note. — Joined between strokes, the Iss or Ses circle must sometimes take the form of a loop, but a loop is never used in such manner. 45. A Large Loop, named Star, written in the CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 17 42b. .^. ^.r.:C ei. /-jjy.AL/j.y:.. .:.^.u., ^: ■^ / " ^ /'__. .,._^..,_^o ^__, ^^^__ .^■. > /.i:^. / Qzr--— / 66b. _Z1 n-n- ■-"^' 26 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL implied by commencing that word against the lower side of the ruled line, and the position of that word is called the fourth position. 67b. Today, to pay, to see, to say, to go, to know, to make, to me. SIGN-NAMES AND POSITION-NUMBERS. 68. Names. — To render conversation intel- ligible about shorthand, it is necessary to use the names of strokes, circles, loops, ticks, and groups. A tick, in a given direction, takes for its name the sound of the stroke of that direction, followed by old. For example, Boid — resembling h. 68b. Toid, Doid, Poid, Boid, Roid. El, Ar, Ish, Way, Chay, Jay, Pee, Bee, Ef, Vee, Ith, Dhe, Tee, Dee, Es, Zee, Kay, Gay, Em, Emp, En, Ing. 69. Position Numbers. — 1, 3, or 4, written or spoken after a stroke or brief, indicates respectively the first, third, or fourth position ; and an outline without number is of the second position. 69b. Dh-Iss sh-Iss the s" Poid* n-m-Iss, and Poid* Poid P-d. r-v-ng t' vM-Iss. Poid Roid b Roid' Iss' w. Translation. — This shows the use of names, and how to read, leaving out vowels. He should be on his way. 70. Caution. — The common name of each con- sonant is retained where the consonant sound and a vowel sound form the name ; as /, r, j, p, h, f, v, t, d, s, z, k, m, n; but where the common name fur- nishes no certain suggestion of the consonant sound, it is rejected, and the true sound, united with a vowel sound, is used instead; as sh (Ish), w (Way), ch (Chay), th (Ith), dh (Dhe), g (Gay). Y (Yay) and h (Hay) are yet to be presented. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 27 67b. .. _. ....._ y. .»f-..^-.:.;.il-.^A..-rr.^....; ^ . /..l ■^/■' ^\,..^...^..J..L^^.Jd/....^.l 68b. .:.';:.:.i^. ^..^.LrLLUj.LL mi __.._._.._._ ._.... -i-V- ^----^/- ±-H-/-'-i-^--f- 69 Key. ..1...^,..^ / i.....^.. ^. .r...^...(_._.L) ^/...... 28 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL VOWELS BETWEEN STROKES. 71. The following Rule (72) guards against the placing of a first- or third-position vowel in an angle, where its value would be uncertain ; and also furnishes an additional check upon long and short second place vowels. 72. All First Place and Long Second Place Vowels are written after the first stroke ; and all other vowels are written before the second stroke. 72b. Tyke, teak, pick, job, rick; take, tome. Job; jem, deck, duck, mull; tack, back, lack, look, took. 7Z. Though Rule 72 is designed, in part, to keep first place and third place vowels away from angles, yet, in some cases, a third place vowel must fall in an angle, and must be carefully written nearer the stroke to which it belongs than to the other. 73b. Boomer, family, damply. 74. A circle between strokes may cause a first or third place vowel to fall in an angle, and in that event it must be carefully written nearer the stroke to which it belongs than to the other stroke, if possible ; or omitted. 74b. Exile, axle, Exall, absorb, dissolve. 75. Strokes Written at an Acute Angle some- times render Rule 72 inoperative, with regard to long and short second place vowels, because the vowel must be practically as near to one stroke as to the other. 7Sb. Fellow, fore, fur, dale, dell, jail, jelly, rage, wretch, rope, rub. CHALLENCK SHORTHAND MANUAL 29 Li_z- 72b. 74b. _^..^.^AP..^ 75b. .yir.Jr..ii-...tr..k::.^.^ -f-f y-/- 75 Key. Z. ...r/. /' .|^. . ./^.,....:. -7 / ). , /- A. -- l*^ ' --.--4./.. ;.- 36 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 90. / may be joined, by either of said sloping ticks, to any following word that, in its proper position, will permit the /-tick to be written above the ruled line. 90b. I saw ; I say ; I do ; I had ; I take ; I took ; I leave; I like. 91. Position of a Stroke may be changed, to give the I-tick its place above the line, or the /i^- tick its place on the line. 91b. He may; I may; he knows, I know; he said, I said; he looks, I look; he lacks, I lack. 92. Thr, for there, their, they are, when it cannot be otherwise conveniently expressed in a phrase sign, may be denoted by a heavy tick in the direction of Bee. 92b. Sees their ; sees they are ; sees there ; goes there ; says they are; does there. PHRASE WRITING. 93. The speed and legibility of writing may be considerably increased by the judicious use of phrase writing ; that is, by joining words occurring together in phrases or clauses, where the w^ords may be easily and readily joined, and without going too far above or below the line. Position of Phrase Signs. 94. The First Word of a phrase is usually writ- ten in its proper position, and the other word or words follow without regard to position. 94b. I may go; he may go; his own son; how came this ? I will ; he will ; I shall ; he shall. CHAU.EXGE SHORTHAND MAXUAL 37 >./:/-/.,../.. ..L.^...^_..A. /.6-^..-/^£_ ■ -""~^ ■'^■' ^ ...~.^../..f'__.'cz.^/.;..^^...^...xi...|.. ."fr:. C..Z. 94b. . .....T— , .^..J^..^U 449505 38 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 95. The Second Word determines the position of a phrase when the first word is represented by a horizontal stroke, or a brief, of the first position,, which may be joined to the second word without being brought down to or below the line. 95b. Any time ; in time ; any day ; is to be ; I was going on Tuesday. 96. The Second Word also governs position when the tick for a, an, or and is the first portion of the' phrase sign, and the second word is not the, a, an, or and. 96b. A boy ; a cow ; a mass ; and this ; and these ; and thus ; an atom ; an echo. 97. Is, his, as, has. — Occasionally the small circle denoting is, his, as, or has, is written out of position to give position to a preceding or following stroke. 97b. He is going ; he had his book ; he has come ; he is coming; as far as. 98. Is, his, as, has. — The small circle, denoting is, his, as, or has, may be enlarged to add another word of the same list ; and in such case the position of the first word is retained. 98b. Is his book ; is as far ; his has no check ; as is my own ; as his was ; such as has. 99. It is not advantageous to make phrase out- lines too long, or reaching too far above or below the ruled line. 99b. It was so many days ago. I see so many socie- ties are going to be represented. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 39 95b. 96b. 97b. ;-bPv4 /' / ^^'1-^' ■>; 97 Key. /■ /^ 98b. ^^^..;. ..>..;..^.;...r^^ ; <^ ; r/ 99b. -^1-/--- 99 Key. ^. L, y .C...*::..K. ...^.i...^__^.. _ «__p I 40 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL CIRCLES ADDED. Iss may be Added to Indicate : 100. The plural number or possesswe case of nouns. 100b. Pumps; Dick's pumps; May's pears; Joe's jew- els; the packages are ours. 101. The third person singular of a verb in the present tense. 101b. He stays ; she rides ; it rests ; it lies here ; he pursues ; it follows. 102. The addition of is, his, as, or has, prin- cipally to pronouns, conjunctions, and adverbs. 102b. He has a pail ; he is going ; she has come ; he has nothing but his books and has to work; he goes as far as the city. 103. The addition of his to prepositions. 103b. On his pony he is going to his home for his books. 104. The addition of self to pronouns. 104b. He keeps himself. I save myself. She stays by herself. It lay by itself. 105. The Iss circle may he enlarged to indicate a plural number or possessive case, or to add is, his, as, or has. 105b. The roses are Tess's or Bess's. This is the best. He should raise his cap. He does as much. This has lost the way. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES. 106. A light dot, placed at the beginning of a word, signifies con, or com. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND >rANUAL 41 100b. A-;-^-A..;..^..^.;.X^..;...:... •'^101. _^-_^_£l,._[/_,.L£:-,.^.;. 102b. ...^._;..>^^...;..j: ''-^-^ :-'-"^->-/ 103b. .<<._ >7-v_.. ,-__^.„^.y. 105b. .;. ^..^....L'.^/.i^..//^../?.„T7.. lOSKey. (L.-/^-;-,..>— ..^, ^..£.^,.:..J./ ■f// ■ - /•) J L t .^..^.y...^.7::..^...<...., 42 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 106b. Confer, commit, continue, compare, compose, committee, conferring. 107. The dot for con or com may be implied by writing a brief in place of it. 107b. The committee ; and his committee : and confers ; and is conferring; as comparing; and as composing; as a comparison; is a comparison. 108. The dot for con or com may be implied by writing the remainder of the word under any preceding and closely connected word ; or near and partially under the same. If the remainder of the word has a distinctive outline, this prefix needs no indication. 108b. This committee was conferring, and it continued itS' work. By the comparison ; by a comparison. 109. For the aflfix ing write the »io[-stroke when junction is easy ; otherwise a light dot at the end of a stroke indicates ing; a heavy dot, ings. 109b. Laying, arraying, showing, weighing, chewing, paying, obeying, loving, having, doing, tying, seeing, going, coming, making, aiming, knowing. 110. A Wordsign or Contraction, retaining the last consonant sign of the word, may take the Ing- stroke for ing; otherwise the dot should be used. 110b. Willing, hearing, being, having, longing, work- ing, enlarging, giving, purposing, objecting, subjecting, thinking, thanking, gathering, improving. 111. The ticks for the, a. an, and, thr, may be used in place of the ing-dot; and a heavy tick, left slant, may be used to represent ingl\. 111b. Doing the; thinking a; tying an ox; thinking and hearing, musingly. Amusing their boys ; staying there ; expecting -their work to be successful ; thinking they are followed. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 43 106b. . ^..:..y.r:..^...J'—... ^^., 107b. ..'..;_'.; A; ^; „...;....• ;fe 108b. .|.j^....l.^.^.y..>^.;./^ 109b. '^ryr^....^..^^..^^ £...^ c ^- 110b. .^^^...^::::,..c ;_(^/i:^.; ^ ^^-/ ;: 115 Key. ^^_ z^.,"?^.,. _'_! 7 V. L-.n....^-. ./. ± i^ f ^-/-l-/--'- 46 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL ville; James Redd, of Albany; and Jerre Ragsdale, of Jacksboro. INITIALS AND PROPER NAMES. 116. Initials should be written in longhand. (The last page of these rules presents shorthand initials, for the advanced writer.) An unfamiliar name, upon its first occurrence, should be written in longhand and, upon its recurrence, in shorthand. Familiar names, like Smith, Johnson, Jack, James, and names of States and principal cities, should be written in shorthand, as hereinafter indicated. 116b. Jerre Johnson, Jack Smith, B. J. Matthews, and H. P. Forney, visit the city on Tuesday. Messrs. Smith and Forney may be here many days. TICKS JOINED TO TICKS. 117. Careful observance of the following rules will render all this work simple and certain. (a). Koid, for a-n-d followed by the, is written on the ruled line. (b). Koid, for a-n-d followed by any tick wordsign, except the, leaves the wordsign in its proper position. (c). All the wordsign ticks when alone or initial are written downward, except on and should. (d). Should and on are written downward, fol- lowing the a-n-d tick. 117b. (a). And the. (b). And but; and he; and to; and who. (c). But the; to the; he should; or the; of the; on the; all the; should the. (d). And should; and on. Note. — (And of, and all, are not written with joined ticks, but each phrase with a tick and hook, to be presented hereafter.) CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 47 116b. y f ■> 117b. .^, /i^_-,_,,..,..y'(f:?.K.*.,. ^,.7 ii7Key. . ^^^.,^^ ,_,-!r::Tr:. (_,.e??... 48 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL USES OF S AND Z STROKES AND BRIEFS. Use S- or Z-stroke in the following cases : 118. When the only consonant sound is s or z. 118b. See, say, ease, zoo, sigh, easy, Asa. 119. When two vowels follow. 119b. Science, scion, Zion. 120. When another s follows. 120b. Cease, sauce, society. 121. When .y or ^ follows an initial vowel. 121b. Assignee, ask, Isaac, Eskimo, essence, assail, asp, acid, Azie. 122. The sound of s at the beginning of a word, or after an initial Iss, is represented by a Z-stroke. 122b. Zeal, Zoar, zany, seize, Caesar, scissors, size. 123. Derivative Outlines follow the rules gov- erning primatives. Carefully note the rules gov- erning the different outlines of the following words : 123b. See, sees, seize; sigh, sighs, size; cease, seize; seal, zeal ; saucer, Caesar, scissors. 124. Initial Ses is used for two .s-sounds. 124b. System, Sussex, sassafras, Cicero, saucer. 125. The sound of s or a, preceding a final vowel, or preceded by two vowels, should be denoted by a stroke. 125b. Rose, rosy; days, daisy; mace, Macey; fox, foxy; Dix, Dixie. Pious, chaos, Jewess. 126. Use the Small Circle, for a single s or ^, in all cases where the .s or ^: stroke is not required under above rules, unless a loop may be used. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 49 118b. IaL^Ha T f 't 119b. .fr:' Jr_ ^ 120b. ^^ 121b. :-^_.^__^:j]L^._-L---)r.._v_v-)rT_ 122b. ±.;)^..l1^:^.2-^-L.-. 123b. 125b. ^4 (;.L_._'!)_4_-^-._^'iT)- -^t 126b. rt'F r-r-f^.^ ^ ^ ^^_/q-..^.. ^.-^..rDLk.LLL^.^' -/- 50 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 126b. Space, steps, stirrups; sage, stage, storage; lace, laces, laced, luster, Lucy ; mace, mast, master, Macey ; dose, dust, duster, daisy; rose, rosy. DIFFERENT MODES OF EXPRESSING H. 127. H may he represented by either of three devices, preferably in the order here given, where practicable, (a). By a tick in the direction of Pee or Ar — or downward, leaning to the left, if more convenient — joined to a following stroke, (b). By a dot written near a vowel, where the ticic cannot be conveniently used. (c). By a light straight stroke, downward, leaning to the left, and named Hay. 128. Initial h should be joined to a following consonant, by a tick, where practicable. 128b. Hawk, hook, hack, head, hot, hat, hoop, hip, hop, hedge, whey, huge, hall, heal, horse, hush, hoof, heavy. 129. Before a vozvel between consonants, h may be indicated by placing a light dot before the vowel. 129b. Inhale, exhale, exhume, cohere, unhung, unhinge. 130. The Hay-stroke must be used in all words (except words in the wordsign lists heretofore given) in which h is the only consonant of the primitive, and in proper names analogous thereto. 130b. Hay. — Hay, hays, hay making, Hayes, hue, hew, hues, hews, Hugh, Hugh's, Hughes, haw, Hawes, hoe, hoes. Hoe's, Ohio. He, who, high, how. 131. Words, identical in sound with words above, may come within Rule 128 rather than 130. 131b, Haze, hazy — hays, Hayes; hoes — ^hose, Hosey. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 51 128b. :'::.__^.^^xL:^^7.JJ.-cJ.j^. "...:... j^.j^ A 129b. re,?:^-_^i--^ >i>v^ 130b. \U\\^\..._^ ^-\\\W\ ^ V V V \ / ' / 131b. ) L^ \, ; \J ^ 131 Key. _1C_ jC __._,. _0.. /;?/... ^>^... .^..^...0-.).^-(...:...irr:.^.^....., 52 CHALLENGE SHORTHAXn MANUAL DIFFERENT MODES OF EXPRESSING \V AND Y. 132a. W may be represented by one of three devices. — (a). The Way-stroke, (b). A small half-circle, opening to the right, and called Weh. (c). A small half-circle, opening to the left, and called Wuh. Y may be represented by one of three devices. — (d). A curved stroke, light, downward, leaning to the left. (e). A small half-circle opening upward, called Yeh. (f), A small half-circle opening down- ward, called Yuh. The Way-stroke is usually employed in the fol- lowing cases: 133. In all words, except ive, in which zv is the only consonant. 133b. Way, woe, woo, Wye, weigh, Waugh. 134. When initial w is followed by s, z, f, or v. 134b. Wise, wisp, wasp, wife, wives, woof, wave. 135. Where w is preceded by initial h; and in such case the h may be omitted. 13Sb. Whist, whisk, whiz, whistle, whiskey, whisper. (Note that the phonetic spellings would be hwist, hwisk, hwisper, etc.) 136. When initial siv are the only consonants. 136b. Sway. 137. When zv follows an initial vowel. 137b. Awake, awoke,, await. 138. When w may be joined to a following sh, f, V, n, or ng, in a word or phrase. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 53 132a. Different Modes of Expressing W and Y. I ■v, c w, )w: named / Way, c Weh, jWuh. ^y, ^ y, ^ y: named \ Yay, >. Yeh, Yuh. 133b. ,J..Lf.f__ (i![_ ..__. .34. IfSfl^^ 135b. __C^_f__^T_^./^ 136b. /f 137b. .i_ .(L_ / 138b. ..^:.^.^_^..^.//._/, _(;;^(^_c_c _c_^ ^ 139b. -.l.>}..:^,^,, 140b. .,3 >l^_ 140 Key. ..^/'..L. ,.^.^.<. W/.^. 54 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 138b. We shall, we shall be, wash, washing, wish, we have, were having, wife, weave, wave, we follow, we know, we never, with any, wing, swing, swish. The Yay-stroke is employed in the following cases : 139. In all words, except you, in which y is the only consonant. 139b. Ye, yea, yaw, yew, ewe. 140. When an initial vowel precedes y. 140b. Oyez, oyer. Brief W and Y. 141. Brief W may be joined at the beginning of a consonant stroke at an angle. 141b. Watch, web, wedge, withe, wait, walk, wag, wake, woke. 142. Brief Y may be joined at the beginning of a consonant stroke at an angle. 142b. Yellow, Yarrow, youth, yacht, yon, yam, yoke, yegg. 143. Reading Brief W or Y joined. — In read- ing a consonant stroke, with a Brief W or Y joined at the beginning, read first the zv or y; and next, the consonant stroke, with the vowel or vowels be- side it, precisely as though no such brief were joined. This rule applies also where the tc/-hook is used. (See 145.) 143b. Weed, weep, witch, watch, yell, yacht, yellow, Yarrow, yoke, yak, yon, yam, yawl, yore. 144a. Wordsigns. — Note that the first position briefs are used in connection with first position CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 55 141b 142b. . .^././:J.l±.... 143b. __'_____:„^..'..^.^.. -..._jf:_^ 144a. Wordsigns: Brief W and Y. with ...3 would beyond .'^^oorsclves wc year ^..you-r 'arT.ycs, sir. . c.wcre years ./».. yours, yes what .-^..yet /tCT. .yourself t' 144 Key. T' 11. 56 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL vowels, and second position briefs in connection with second or third position vowels. 145. The Way-Hook.— A small hook, called the Way-hook, prefixed to El, Em, or Emp, may be used to represent iv, denoting zve, zvith, or zverc; and in other cases where brevity may be secured thereby. 145b. We will, we may, we may be, we may be going, with me, with my, were making, were improving ; while, well, quell, quail, we like, were looking. Note. — Using this hook for tve, li'ith, the phrase must be in the first position ; and, using the hook for were, the phrase must be in the second position. These devices are named Weh-El, Weh-Em, Weh-Emp. 146. A Small Circle may be prefixed to a Brief W or IV-hook, by writing the circle w^ithin the brief or hook. For greater facility this circle is made in the form of a loop. Writing the circle within a hook, the initial movement should be ap- proximately in the initial direction given the stroke to which the circle and hook are prefixed. 146b. Sweet, Swede, sweep, switch, swig, swag, swell, swim, swamp. 147. IV in Word and Phrase Outlines. — In the Wordsign List, 144a, we, tenth, were, are given brief signs; paragraph 145 provides for the representa- tion of these words by a hook ; but, where the hook or brief is not more convenient for that purpose. Way should be used to represent we, with, zvere ; and in word outlines. Way should be used if more facile outlines may thereby be secured than by the use of the brief. 147b. We, with, were.— (a). Represented by the list signs : — We, we do. we had, we judge, we check up, we wish, CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 57 145b. 146b. 147b. i-^ llz^-_..^ ■t C C^.^C^/gZ.LO..yC.:. c- CT:..C:.C^..9^a-S-^-U- 147 Key • -:L..^.,I r.j..^...)^.^..,..i^^.,.e^,.lLL.j... .^.^ __-:._> — <:_ J- 5 /., 58 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL we become, we take, we took, were taking, were talking, were doing, were aiding, were paying, (b). Represented by hook: — (see 145b). (c). Represented by Way: — We shall, we show, we shall be, we know, we never, we next, with any, were showing, were knowing, we come, we go, were coming, were going, were never, were knowing, (d). We also use Way in the following and similar cases : — We have, wife, weave, we fear, we follow, weaver, waiver; wash, washing, wish, wishing, winnow, winnowing, Winona, with force, we forced, were forced, were fearing, were following, were averse. ^ BRIEF W AND Y IN VOWEL PLACE. Where foregoing methods of indicating zv and y are impracticable, it is occasionally desirable to write the brief in a vowel place beside a stroke, thus indicating by one character the w or y and the vowel following it. 148. The Particular Dot Voivel follozving the w may be indicated by writing Weh in the vowel's place, making the sign heavy for a long vowel, and light for a short vowel. 148b. Equity, quick, squeeze, quake, dwell, quack. 149. The Particular Dash Vowel following the w may be indicated by writing Wuh in the vowel's place, making the sign heavy for a long vowel, and light for a short vowel. 149b. Quota, quoth, squawk, squab. 150. Rules 148 and 149 apply to the use of Brief Y in voivel place — using Yeh to represent fol- lowing Dot vowels and Yuh to represent following Dash vowels. 150b. Sawyer, lawyer, emulous, cumulus. CHALXENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 59 148b. .n.fZT ' [^ 149b. .3..3[..Lr-_.!? 150b. 151b. .^. _^.. _ i/y _j f / t -^ 62 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 155. A^ may be added to any curve consonant by a small hook on the inner or circle side. lS5b. Line, lane, shine, shone, wane, Jane, chain, fine, vine, thin, then, assign, mine, moon, noon, impugn. 156. F or V may be denoted by a small hook on the inner or circle side of a curve, to add have, or the affix -ful, to a very common word, and this hook is slightly lengthened. 156b. They have, thankful, useful. 157. Vocalisation of Final Hooks. — A vowel, after a stroke with a final hook, is read before the hook. This is fully exemplified in 154b and 155b. 158. A Stroke F, V, or N must be employed when followed by a vowel which cannot be written before a following stroke. 158b. Line, Lena; shine, shiny; wine, winnow: join, China ; fin, finny ; vine, Venice ; assign ; assignee ; mane, many. Before a following stroke: — donate, devote, ton- nage, defense. Iss, Ses, Steh, Star, added. 159. A circle or loop may be added to a straight-line n-hook sign, by writing such circle or loop in place of the n-hook. 159b. Can, cans, Kansas, canister, dens, danced, dances, guns, against, gun store, punster. 160. S or s may be added to the Enses-circle and to the loops, by a small circle turned on the opposite side of the stroke. 160b. Down stairs, punsters, canisters. 161. Caution. — As has been stated, circles be- tween strokes may sometimes take the form of loops; yet, in the following illustrations they are CHALT.KNGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 63 155b. .r..-n.7^..^..J..f..(:_Ay^}.A:'^.. 156b. _Lf.__y 158b. .£,ciri ^^/^.. .C^. . fl^: ^.. l^. y.X /.:^...^ .-^//..^^jn^-.-.lX Jr.-U -;fc- 64 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL simple circles, not to be read as loops, and not to be read as implying ;/ following the first stroke. 161b. Bask, poser, possessor, desire, dislike, dislocate, desk, puzzle. 162. S or c may be added to an ;/-hook on a curve, or to any /- or z'-hook, by a small circle writ- ten distinctly within the hook. 162b. Lines, shines, vines, fans, thence, thins, assigns. whence, wines, joins. Jones, man's, nuns, roofs, puffs, paves, tiffs, Dave's, caves, raves. 163. Certain outlines, authorized under Rule 162, require change of outline for a derivative ; and, as a general rule, words of two syllables should be written with two strokes, though seemingly per- mitting the Ens-hook under Rule 162. 163b. Lance, lances ; chance, chances ; wince, winces ; alliance, evince, convince. 164. F and N-Hooks are occasionally written in the middle of words. 164b. Runner, rover, ginner, buffer, cover, tougher, defer, thinner, mainly, define, divine, device, advice, advise, Davis. Note the necessarily imperfect hook in writing mainly. 165. An Important Rule of Position. — In the list of illustrative words last above given (164b), certain of the shorthand outlines are out of the posi- tion assigned them under previous rules, because, in true position, one would not be distinguishable from another of like outline. In such cases, position is assigned with reference to the unaccented vowel. 165b. Divine, define; device, advice; devise, advise. 166. Names of F- V- N-Hook Cro »/».?. —The name of a consonant group should include the con- CHAI.LKXGE SHORTHAND MAXUAL 65 161b. .^ ./':.^i:J'...._^.C!.J_.ve_... 162b. .^ ^ ^' J t. ^ ^ ^ ^'\' -^,.JJ'Jl..\ .^..^ 163b. _^^ .^.v-_q../_../^ ... _.^__.'^_^..."rf-_ 164b. ../^.^_..^./^._^.Jtr...b-^: 165b. ''^^ !;>-- I) , k I 166b. -^..L....,..(.^../..n....^.....^..i.A. 66 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL sonant sounds, with the vowel eh following the stroke-sound, and said vowel also used in a second syllable, if necessary. A few type indications and names are given in the illustrative paragraph here following. Note that th stands for the consonant sound in thigh, and dh for the consonant sound in thou. 166b. Tf, Tef ; tfs, Tefs; thn. Then (as in thin) ; dhm. Dhen (as in then); kn, Ken; kns, Kens; knss, Kenses; knst, Kenst ; knstr, Kenster ; knstrs, Kensters. SHON AND TIV HOOKS. 167. The syllable shon (tion, sion, etc.) may be added to any consonant stroke by a large final hook on the circle side. 167b. Erosion, compulsion, passion, tuition, intuition, session, fashion, evasion, conviction, confection, motion, mansion, sanction. 168. The syllable tiv (five) may be added to any straight stroke by a large final hook on the ;/- hook side. 168b. Comparative, combative, dative, active, consecu- tive. Execution, executive ; action, active ; vocation, voca- tive; sedition, sedative. 169. Tiv, folloiving a cxtrve, must be written Tef. 169b. Native, motive, votive. 170. S or s may be added to the Shon- or Tiv- hook by a small circle written within the hook. 170b. Comparatives, actions, conditions, sedatives. 171. Shon and Tiv in the Middle of Words. — These hooks are sometimes used in the middle of words. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 67 167b. .^../:^./..L^.A.j-d-^-^. A,..^. -I: "«_i) 168b. . /:oy -J' .•■'^^. / n ->-.TT-'^Ti» 169b. 170 Key. _^?b^_.['..i^r^.^.,,.^..LD^ ..^...!..^-^.-/-._...'::^...b..-Z /- V . / ^ 7 ^ ../...- /-"f---/?— -n-i 1 /-i:>-^-'^---- ^ ^ -<0- 1l-.^...7-'::-^-i- ..^.4-. p--^/--- 68 CHALLKXCK SHORTHAND MANUAL 171b. Occasional, occasionally, national, nationally, passionate, activity, actively, comparatively. Note. — A Vozvcl after Shon or Tiv must be written before a following stroke. This is illustrated in 171b. Small Hook for Shon. 172. The syllable shon may be added by a small curve or half-circle, named Eshoii, (a) To a circle or loop; and (b) To an /-hook. 172b. (a). Possession, compensation, condensation, sensation, musician, recision, decision, registration, (b). Division, devotion. WORDSIGN AND CONTRACTION LISTS POSTPONED. 173. The complete lists of wordsigns and con- tractions, hereafter given, should be mastered by every student who is willing to do the work re- quired of a stenographer ; but such work may be undertaken when the full lists are reached, and even after the student may have obtained employ- ment. Outlines from these lists will be used in Key work hereafter, to the end of the text, and until then, paragraph references to wordsigns and contractions will simply call the student's attention to the fact that some of such outlines are being in- troduced, based on preceding text matter. L AND R HOOKS. 174. A Small Hook on the circle side and at the beginning of any stroke or tick indicates that / follows the stroke or tick. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 69 171b. -^-^^-T^ -^-I^^ 172b. /^J/ J- I ^ -^, L L_ 172 Key. .^^.^_^,.r_-^._^-^_^. /^_. ■•? „_^./..^, |. ^ l'^ I J i/ 4- 3" .„L./^_/.. -^..zx..^_.l/..lu.4, ^._^..r:z_ ™..-f/-^_.^.^-i/_/_^-.-)..u--).-C-l/1 ./..,.J..uj/."r:_°?...'-„^-^_:^4/ '/ 70 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 174b. U Lei; rl, Rel; shl. Shel; wl, Wei; chl, Chel ; jl, Jel; pi, Pel; bl. Bel; fl, Fel ; vl. Vel; thl, Thel ; dhl, Dhel ; tl, Tel ; dl, Del ; si, Sel ; zl, Zel ; ml, Mel ; nl, Nel ; ngl. Ingl ; mpl, Empl. 175. The Small Initial Hook on I, ni, mp, ac- cording to Rule 145. denotes zv before such strokes, in certain cases ; and Rule 174 provides the same outlines for Lei, Mel, Empl. The few words, in which differences of outline avoid confusion, are more easily remembered than intricate rules would be ; and there will be no conflict or confusion. 175b. Well, lull; quell, quail, Galilee. We may see the mill. They were making a mile an hour. This has a smell of the swamp soil. They swim with a smile. 176. Signs to indicate the combination of r with preceding straight strokes are obtained by turning over, sidewise, the corresponding /-hook signs. 176b. Rer, Per, Ber, Ker, Ger. Play, pray, acre, clay, eagle, eager, idle, dry. 177. Signs to indicate the combination of r zcith preceding curved strokes are obtained by writing a large hook in place of the /-hook. 177b. Cher. Jer, Per, Ver. Ther. Dher. Mer, Ner. Fresh, every, through, author. Cameron, camera, commerce, crusher. The following outlines are best this way : tin, tinner, banner, tanner ; and others this way : run. runner, ginner, liner, beginner, canner; and others this way: even, evener, veneer, finer, finery. 178. An L- or R-hook Group may he joined to a preceding letter, and in some such cases the hook cannot be perfectly formed. 178b. Reply, replace, liable, baker, dicker, figure. 179. The L- and R-hook Signs are used prin- cipally where an unaccented vowel intervenes, or CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 71 174b. ^ ^^ ^^ ^ c r r r r c /" r // 7y^ ;> ;> c c cc r rr r 9 n) _ _ 175b. ^ ^ y- _^^ >^'/ ^ 176b. .^..l±.^..^/AJ:..^. 177b. rr 9 odQ -:^.£k-. 179 Key. ^-^. p y 180b A t T :;> c 182b. _!r_r_J_.'^r.iJ__':-.-.-c^. 183b. j^ |___ t^__ .1 — tfj. 184b. c^ I ^_'_i: _':r: 185b. i 7-^___.^_r:f 74 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 185. Angles or semicircles are written through the group signs ; or, if more convenient, for the first place, at the beginning; for the third place, at the end. 185b. Require, quality, qualify, procure, cure, curious, curiosity. ISS PREFIXED TO L HOOK SIGN. 186. The Small circle, Iss, may be prefixed to an El-hook sign by writing same within the hook. The circle is written in the form of a loop, for greater facility, the initial movement being approxi- mately in the direction given to the stroke. 186b. Skill, scale, school, saddle, settle, sickle, civil, social. CIRCLES PREFIXED TO R HOOK SIGN. 187. Iss or Ses, written in place of an r-hook, implies the r-hook in the following cases: — (a). When written to any straight line preceded by no stroke, (b). When written to any straight line preceded by a straight line in the same direction, (c). When written to Ker or Ger preceded by a stroke in the direction of Pee, Tee, or Way. 187b. (a). Seeker, score, supper, segregate, sister, (b). Prosper, destroy, execrable, disaster. (c). Tusker, brisker, whisker. 188. In all other cases, except where the hook may be omitted, as hereinafter shown, the Iss-circle is prefixed by writing it distinctly within the hook. 188b. Massacre, atmosphere, restrain, hemisphere, disclami. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 186b. .^«^. _ . f. :r._t:.:^- ei-- 187b. (^_-":_.:_.'Tii..y(^/:.irz. 188b. _^_,^_._i .^...'T^^l.'h: ^^.,.^c..i.2-,/.^^^::x^^ 191b. .<^._^../'7.-r..i c_^ c_ c-.-.- 193b. .fr.c:^ p...'li_._ 76 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 189. Omit r from scribe, in words given below. 189b. Subscribe, subscription, prescribe, prescription, proscribe, proscription, superscribe, superscription, tran- scribe, transcription. 190. Wordsigns and Contractions. LER AND REL HOOKS. 191. The L- or R-Hook, on a straight line, may be enlarged, to add to an /-hook the sound of r; to an r-hook the sound of /. The enlarged /-hook is called the Ler hook, and the enlarged r-hook is called the Rel hook, but named in connection with strokes, as follows : 191b. Reler, Rerel, Pier, Prel, Tier, Trel, Kler, Krel, Gler, Grel. Vocalization of Ler and Rel Signs. 192. (a), A vowel is read before all the con- sonants indicated by a Rel or Ler hook sign, if w^ritten before the stroke, (b). If written after the stroke, it is read before the r or I added by the enlargement, and after the preceding consonants, (c). To be read between the stroke and the first consonant (r or /) following the stroke, it is gov- erned by Rules 181-185, as though no large-hook sound followed. 192b. (a). April, abler, idler, (b). Trail, trial, grill, (c). Railroad, ruler, rural, ocular, jocular. 193. 5" preceding Ler and Rel Hook Signs. — S may be prefixed to a Ler or Rel hook sign by writ- ing a circle within the hook. 193b. Scholar, secular, saddler, stroll, mistrial. 194a. Wordsigns and Contractions. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 11 193Key. „:^.-rr| ^.., ^p_.^._^. A.:-,^ -/ ^- — Y c^ yy- — /- - 78 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL LENGTHENING STROKES. 195. Doubling the length of Ing adds kr, gr, thr, or dhr; and doubling the length of Emb-Emp adds r, or dhr. 195b. Anchor, anger, tinker, hunger, linger, longer, along there, hang there, handkerchief. Timber, temper, lumber, limber, slumber, umber, may be there. 196. Doubling the length of any other curve adds tr, dr, thr, or dhr. 196b. Letter, lay there, shutter, shall there, water, each other, which other, fetter, feeder, feather, have their, theater, the other, see their, see there, is there, was there, has there, in there, know their, may there, another, no other. 197. Reading Lengthened Signs. — Sounds added by lengthening a stroke should be read: (a). After a vowel following the stroke, (b). After the sound of a small final hook, if any. (c). Before any sound expressed by a final circle, loop, or large hook. 197b. (a). Later, fetter, motor, shutter, lighter, (b). Lender, winter, jointer, asunder, mender, (c). Lenders, winters, menders, fenders, rejoinders, alteration, ahera- tions, alliteration, moderation, motorist. 198. From Rule 197 it follows that a vowel, following a consonant or consonants which m.ay be denoted by lengthening: (a). Must be omitted, (b). Written before a following stroke; or (c). A consonant outline must be used, furnishing a stroke by which such vowel may be indicated. 198b. (a). Alteration, filtration, moderation, allitera- tion, (b). Excentric, concentric. (c). Angry, hungry, ultra. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 195b. U^ u-^. 196b. ■/:(-f.jjj.j^i)) ■)) 197b. ^ ^./r./.fWyr. /^- 198b. ^ 198 Key. |. ._..^,.-^ V ^..nj....-U-/-^^ .-t..J /'-.l/rT. <»-^.-,.. C^ J .c.'rr.i. 80 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 199. Position of Lengthened Strokes. — Regard the first half as a distinct sign, and place this half in its proper position. 199b. Leader, letter, ladder, fitter, fetter, fatter, raster, may there, madder. 200. Straight Strokes Lengthened. — A straight stroke or curve, representing in whole or in part a word of frequent use, may be lengthened to add their, there, they are, or other. A heavy straight stroke, so lengthened, should begin heavy, and taper. 200b. Lay there, which they are, each other, by their, do their, down there, up there, go there, gone there, writer, rather, any other, another, no other, none other, come there. 201. A Straight Stroke may be Lengthened to add tr, dr, thr, or dhr, when the outline so formed is distinctive. 201b. Renter, render, painter, printer, typewriter, brander, bender, tender, counter, grantor, grounder, grinder, educator, operator, factor, victor. 202a, Wordsigns and Contractions. HALVING TO ADD T OR D. 203. Any full length stroke may be made half length to add t or d. 203b. Names:— Let, Ret, Shet, Pet, Bet, Chet, Jet, Fet, Vet, Ket, Get, Met, Net, Set, Zet, Thet, Dhet. 204. Em or En, made half-length, may be shaded to indicate that d is added, or written light to indicate that t is added. No confusion results from the fact that these shaded half-lengths are the same, respectively, as half-length Emp and Ing. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 81 199b. 200b. 201b. ^ 202 Key. ^-e>-^: ' li -- ;. r ,. / ■ - . J. C y- :1 -1^-^ '/>^ ^--7- ■c^-"-^-^S-r/i 82 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL In practice, where / or d follows nip, the widening is omitted, because the sound of p becomes indis- tinct ; no occasion arises to half-length nib; and d, following ng, is indicated by a (f-stroke. 204b. Met, Med, Net, Ned; tramped, pumped, prompt; imbued ; tongued, hanged, winged. Reading and Vocalization of Half-Lengths. 205. Read a shortened letter, with vowel or vowels beside it, and with hooks, if any, precisely as though it were a full length sign; then add the sound denoted by halving, and then the sound of any final circle or loop. 205b. Slant, slants, split, splits, beat, beats, spends, ancient, impatient, impassioned, late, latest, modest, kindest. 206. The rules of Challenge Shorthand, by which an f, v, or n, denoted by a hook, must be read before the sounds added by lengthening, as well as before the sound added by halving, thus pro- vide logical forms for derivatives. 206b. Print, printer; plant, planter; lend, lender; join, joined, joinder; wind, winder; find, finder; vend, vendor; tend, tender ; mend, mender. 207. When a vowel occurs after t or d: (z). It must be omitted, if the ^ or rf is expressed by halv- ing, or (b). Written before a following stroke. 207b. (a). Anticipate, participate. (b). Frighten, catalog. 208. When t or d precedes a final vozvel, it must be indicated by Tee or Dee. 208b. Gidy, duty, shady, shadow, meadow, handy. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 83 203b. 204b. 205b. 206b. 6-'- i-'- ^r : ^ ^ ^ 1 1 rr ^ > ^ ._ ) > ( ( a^ -S> O '^ 1^ 207b. ._^_J^J/,^.-?^. n 208b. 208 Key -^--i'-^'-i- ■^.. -/-■'-^f/' O >y AT. 2i 'J 84 CHALLENGE SHORTHAXD MANUAL JOINING HALF-LEXGTHS. 209. A shortened letter must not be joined to another stroke except when it would be easy (by reference to junction, width, length, curvature, or some other particular) to distinguish the joined signs from any other letter or letters. 209b. Midnight, sentiment, named, say that, lived, loved. Lattice, latticed, lifted, miffed, moved. T OR D FINAL. 210. When t or d is final, in words of but two consonants, if the word is of one syllable, / should be denoted by halving, and d by the Dee stroke. 210b. Let, laid, load, get, guide, right, read, ride. 211. A few words in frequent use are written without regard to this rule. 211b. Deed, bead, paid, bed, God — and a few others, with which the Key exercises, and practice therein, will rnake the student familiar. 212. When t or d is final, in words of but tw'O consonants, if the word is of two syllables the Tee or Dee stroke should be used. 212b. Acquit, Emmett, Enid, quiet, acute, avid, allied, erode, allude. 213a. Wordsigns and Contractions. VOWEL TICKS JOINED. 214. It will be noted that a vowel always occurs between initial h and a consonant following, except where w immediately follows h, as in zvhim, zvhine, CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 85 209b. .::.^.^i:^.^^.ri---n--9--?--'^- 210b. .^./r\..^.r}_.^._AA 211b. _'.'/'.//. .;^/.-T._.^...,.C... J A 212b. ^__7?\.^I^...T^^.-i--'^ ^.-ry^. 212 Key. XI j^ -J ^r --— -O V-' a.fX. / ) ^ ^ / ^ / (^ ^ C^ ^./-L- .2/.. H- /. tL /' . ( /7 ^ 86 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL while. The tick used for h may be joined, occasion- ally, to indicate a vowel, whether h precedes the vowel or not, 214b. (a). Used as an h-tick — Horse, horror, horrid, inherit, hurt, heart, held, hold, harness, hurricane, heavy, harvest, (b). Used as a vowel-tick — Eel, ill, air, arrow, ore, ail, art, order, old, aim. 215. For Initial a, Toid or Koid may be used to differentiate two outlines otherwise alike. 215b. Head, ahead, part, apart, judge, adjudge, prize, apprise. Except in a few cases, familiarized by practice. Rule 165 applies. — Ply, apply, device, advice, devise, advise. R PRECEDING M. 216. Way, without initial hook, is never joined to a following Em, because no word requires such outline, and the Way stroke, in such relation, de- notes r, and is called Ray. Ray is only used when joined to a following Em. Ray takes no initial hook, though it may take an initial circle or tick, and may be half-lengthed. When half-length, it is shaded to denote d, and light to denote t. 216b. Rome, arm. harm, room, ceremony, sermon, re- main, reimburse, remorse, rhyme, Hardeman, Hartman, redeem, redemption, forum. You will, however, write — frame, form, etc., because the r-hook may be used, and these are words of frequent use. 217. Reason for Ray preceding Em. — ^Ar might precede Em in such words as roam, arm, room, etc., but the Em could not be halved or doubled in such words as here follow : 217b. Remind, reminder, remained, remainder, remit, remote. Ar-Em would be inconvenient in these words: — Remove, remodel, remake, reimburse, etc. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 87 214b. ^.. ^L i^ ...>CT?_^..^./(^- it... ^. ..^ v/n. 215b. ._1._1.;' >. ^. ....^. ./.. ir. 216b. A /C^. ^ ..„.-^ y^V-vT. ^Z"^-^- ^.-^.J.^-. 217b. i>-' /C^ ' /"-T- •p t- — ~ -r\/- ^..c,/. ■/ ^^. 88 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL ST AND STR BETWEEN STROKES. 218. In some cases advantageous outlines may be secured by the use of loops between strokes,, and in such cases the outline must distinctly and un- equivocally show the loop, and that it is not simply a circle taking the form of a loop between strokes. 218b. Administer, administrator, administratrix ; dis- trict, district court; justice, justice court; abstract, abstractor. 219a. Wordsigns and Contractions. OMISSION OR BRIEF INDICATION OF WORDS. 220. Rules governing the omission of of and to have been presented. Generally, it is allowable to omit any word which must and may readily be supplied to complete the sense of a phrase, and remaining signs of the phrase may be abbreviated. 220b. More and more ; over and over ; over and above ; from day to day ; day after day ; day by day ; week by week ; week after week ; from week to week ; more or less ; sooner or later ; on the contrary according to this ; in relation to that ; in regard to the other. 221. Words Briefly Indicated. — (a). Been may be denoted by an En-hook following have or had. (b). Of is sometimes expressed by an Ef- hook. (c). All, zvill, by an El-hook. (d). Are, our, by an Ar-hook. (e). Own, by an En-hook, (f). Not may be added to hut and or by an En- hook, (g). Than may be added by an En-hook, (h). Occasionally it, had, what, zvould, may be added by halving, (i). To the signs above pro- CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 89 ^.<.^^.'5._^..r..L?r].^..i^..?.^..^H 220b. ..-^./^..i iL.iL.tr...nL..":;L- 221b. .^/^. ..J.J . ^L-l-l^-- 90 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL vided for it had, it would, etc., not is sometimes added by an En-hook. 221b. (a). We have been; you have been; I had been; you had been; he had been. (b). Day of the week; day of the year; weight of the sack; height of the season, (c). By all; at all; it will. (d). Which are; and are; and our; at our. (e). Our own; their own; her own. (f). But not; or not. (g). More than; lower than; higher than; better than. (h). It had; it would; had it; by what; they would; they had. (i). It had not; it would not ; they had not ; they would not. 222. The Tick for a, an, and, may be joined to a word in the fourth position, and read before the to impHed by that position. 222b. And to put ; and to doubt ; and to do ; and today ; and to think ; and to thank him. OMISSION OF CONSONANTS. 223. Intricate rules may be dispensed with here, and all summed up in this. — Where careless pronunciation slurs or omits consonant sounds, yet does not pass the bounds of ready comprehension, it is safe to omit the signs of sounds so omitted, when such omission of signs would be advantageous, and when a suggestive outline would remain. 223b. Tem(p)t, cam(p)ed. consum(p)tion, mos(t)ly, domes(t)ic, des(t)itute, destru(c)tion, inte(ll)igible, in- te(ll)igence, tra(n)sc(r)ibe, capab(le), su(r)prise, manu- sc(r)ipt, inves(t)igate, inves(t)i(ga)tion, demo(n)strate, demo(n)stration, remo(n)strate. 224. Kay or Gay, as used in the syllable ex, is very often omitted, yet it should be retained where conflicting outlines would otherwise result, and the light stroke may be used for Gay, as well as for Kay. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 91 &>-i-'-x - - 222b. '"^"'n r;- ■ ^:?^.:I.fh.-/.,^..^^/.l/..i-::...^.r7^=:^. 223b. ..U- -]^-7- --'^^-^-^-■'^-4 92 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 224b. Explain, explanation, exasperate, exasperation, express, expression, expect, except, accept. Expose, sup- pose ; expend, spend, exert, exile, exhaust, exhort, exhume. 225. Con, com, accom, may he omitted. — Con, com, as hereinbefore shown, may be indicated by a light dot at the beginning of a stroke. Accom may be indicated by a heavy dot in place of the con dot. Con, com, accom, may be omitted when the outline would remain distinctive ; or where the outline may be written under or partly under the preceding word, thus implying the dot. 225b. Convict, conviction, confer, conference, confi- dent, confidence, accomplice, accomplish. They command ; he should confess ; this committee ; it was connected ; they were accomplices ; can you accommodate me ? They may accomplish this. OMISSION OF VOWELS. 226. The stenographer at work is accustomed, generally, to omit vowels, depending on the distinc- tive character of the outlines, and position. Unusual words require vocalization ; and words of the same outline, position, and part of speech — or the one least used — should be vocalized. A principle gov- erning the choice of wordsigns and contracted out- lines is, that it is safe to use the same outhne, un- vocalized, for a noun and verb; preposition and verb ; preposition and noun ; and, generally speak- ing, for words of different parts of speech. 226b. The farmer, carrying his hoe and a sheaf of hay, placed the hoe in the barn and the hay in the rack or manger. The time of corn hoeing is past, and the hoe is put away, with the hay rake. Lane and Ellen are brother and sister. Lane being the elder. The Elder, later on, wrote a letter to Luther. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 93 224b. /c=,..<)-l.ir..r..j,:J..i'.,. -f —^ 11^ /z>. 225. .^^.^^.//.^./^.(^^.;C..^^. i^-u/-^-^ 225 Key. .([ji.^..,)yf)..\^..TZ^.L .X.^.J^fT..^^ ^ 226b. .:.j^..^^x .^s^/.^.r../., \. 7>. -/- \.:..s -/-^ rr-^/- 94 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS. 227. In any particular line of work in which a stenographer may be engaged, certain words and phrases may be very often used, which would be unknown or unusual in other lines of work. For these the stenographer may devise suggestive, con- tracted forms ; and the following, in 227b, are simply suggestive of methods of special contraction. 227b. Stoppage in transit : stoppage in transitu ; bill of lading ; bill of lading attached ; Interstate Commerce Commission ; Railroad Commission ; Bureau of Animal Industry. New York Central Railway Co. ; Lake Shore Railway ; Southern Pacific Railway Co. Familiar firm and individual names may be treated in like manner — but this subject is too wide for exhaustive illustration. 228. Phrases in general use have set forms. 228b. Party of the first part. Party of the second part. Party of the third part. FOB. O. K. Dear Sir. My Dear Sir. My Dear Friend. Yours truly. Yours very truly. Yours respectfully. We are in receipt of yours. H- OR VOWEL-TICK BEFORE SP OR ZB. 229. To provide brief and facile outlines the h- tick or vowel-tick may be joined before sp or sb. 229b. Hospital, hospitable, husband, husbandman, hus- band and wife, especial-ly, aspect, husbandry. DISJOINED PARTS OF WORDS. 230. Final t or d may be disjoined when necessary. 230b. Treated, deeded, irritated. 23L In a few other cases, parts of words may CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 95 2271,. .//L^..t^-.0'l..U. :^--h--Y^-^-- """• M/^/'-/-^-/---F- 228K.y. /'^.L.^.-'fc.irnA^l: 229b. ..■fr/^-^.-^^-^-O"---'^ 230b. ^ 'i ^1 96 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL be disjoined, to preserve the outline of primitives, or to secure brief outlines. 231b. Vine, vineyard. Modify, modification, modi- fied, modifier. Strata, stratify, stratification, judicious, judiciously. PREFIXES. 232. Ac com. — A heavy dot, placed at the be- ginning of a word, signifies accom. See Rule 225. 232b. Accommodate, accommodation, accomplish, ac- complice. 233. Circum. — Indicated by Iss, w^ritten beside the first stroke of the remainder of the word, or joined, or omitted from a wordsign and its deriva- tives. 233b. Circumscribe, circumference, circumstance. 234. Con, com. — Indicated by a light dot placed at the commencement of a word. See Rules 106-7-8. 234b. Confer, commit, committee, concoct, conjecture. 235. Contra, contri, contro, counter. — Ex- pressed by Kenter (with the hook omitted if more convenient) joined to the remainder of the word. 235b. Counteract, contractor, contribute, contributor, contribution, countersign, countersink, countermand, con- tradistinguished. Wordsigns : Contradict, contract. 236. Decom, discom, discon. — Expressed by Dee, written near the remainder of the word. 236b. Decompose, discomfort, disconnect, disconsolate, discontinue. 237. For-e. — Expressed by Fer joined to the remainder of the word. 237b. Foreknowledge, forward, foreordained, fore- man, foregoing, forsooth, foreseen, foresee. CHALLENGK SHORTHAND MAXUAI. 97 231b. ^''^ / '"-^' "^ ^^ '^^/ 1 ^_^ """ / /'"pE,— -"- 231 Key. _.^...._^..,. -..^.^^.^y.^.J^ 232b. J..L._^._^ 233b. .^.^_ 2_ -/- 234b. .ir^L-lCD.-^ 235b. T..Z7..3Z- 1/^ '.. 236b. ..k-.U..L L.JU- 98 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 238. lucom, incon. — Expressed by En, written above the ruled line and near, or partly over, the remainder of the word. 238b. Inconstant, incomplete, incomparable, incon- gruous. 239. Inter, infro. — Expressed by Net, written in any position before the remainder of the word, or joined. 239b. Intersperse, intermix, intermingle, interminable, mterchange, introduce, interline, interlude, interlock. 240. Irrecon. — Expressed by vowel-tick-Ray. written in the first position near the remainder of the word. 240b. Irreconcilable. 241. Magna, magni. — Expressed by Em, writ- ten over, or partly over, the remainder of the word. 241b. Magnanimous, magnify, magnitude. 242. Miscon, miscom. — Expressed by Ems, written above the remainder of the word. 242b. Miscompute, misconception. Conduct, construe, written without the dot, retain their respective outlines in misconduct, misconstrue. 243. Noncon, noncom. — Expressed by Nen, written over the first stroke of the remainder of the word. 243b. Noncontent, noncommittal, noncompressible. Conductor, nonconductor. 244. Recon, recom, recog. — Expressed by Ray, written near the remainder of the word. 244b. Reconcile, recommend, reconvey, recognize. 245. Uncon, uncom. — Expressed by En, writ- ten on the line near the remainder of the word. CHALLENGE S B.O. JE SHORTHAND MAT^wM^*^' 99 237b. _^,.2.^. ;^..2_..^.e^^..__. 238b. ."^i. SIT.. 71/...^^ 239b. __7.,:_T:r!._z:T:r_..r:?_.^ :^. 100 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 245b. Unconvinced, unconvicted. Contradict, uncon- tradicted. 246. — Unrecon, wirecom, unrccog. — Expressed by Ner, written partly over the remainder of the word. 246b. Unreconciled, unrecompensed, unrecognized. 247. Compound Prefixes. — When any one of the prefixes given above is preceded by a syllable, as in, tin, dis, such syllable may be expressed by the proper sign joined to, or written near the prefix. 247b. Uncircumscribed, undecomposed, unforeseen, disencumbered, disinterested. Uncountermined, uncounter- signed, uncontradicted. 248. License in the Use of Prefix-Signs. — One or more initial syllables, resembling a prefix given in the preceding list, may be represented by the sign of such prefix, where advantageous. 248b. Entertain, incumbent, recumbent, magnet, mag- netism, magnesia. 249. Com and Con Consonants Fully Written. — Rules 106-7-8 authorize the use of a light dot for com or con, and the omission of the dot in certain cases. Where there may be full consonant indica- tion of these prefixes, com and con, without material disadvantage, such full indication is preferable. 249 Key presents this matter at greater length. SUFFIXES. 250. Ble, bly. — Expressed by Bee joined, when Bel cannot be conveniently employed. 250b. Sensible-ly, profitable-ly, reasonable-ly, season- able-ly. 251. Bleness, fulness. — Expressed by a small CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 101 245b. .^5il_-^-^. 246b. ^^ ^ 247b. __Z..nz..^..L-L/ 248b. .ri-n?^.-..! J-.-__Tr^_ 248 Key. ..L.r?J, L ,1/-. c-^ ,^ .m ^ L • <^ ^/^- — 102 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL circle written at the end of the preceding part of the word. 251b. Serviceableness, doubtfulness, carefulness. 252. Fore. — Expressed by Ef-Ar joined to the preceding part of the word. 252b. Wherefore, heretofore, theretofore. Therefore is in the list of contractions. 253. Ing, ingly, ings, ing thr. — See Rules 109, 110, 111. 254. Lesness. — Expressed by a large circle, written at the end of the preceding part of the word. 254b. Carelesness, worthlesness, uselesness. 255. Lty, rty. — Expressed by disjoined Tee when, by contraction, the / or r is not represented, preceding the ty. 255b. Similarity, familiarity, popularity, specialty. 256. Lty, rty. — Expressed by halving the I or r sign when the / or r is represented in the primary word, or when it may be supplied. 256b. Unstable, instability ; formal, formality ; local, locality ; facile, facility ; imbecile, imbecility ; desirable, de- sirability; futile, futility; regular, regularity. These syllables, when not true suffixes, should be written in full, thus: parity, disparity, faculty, hilarity. 257. Self. — Usually expressed by a joined Iss ; selves by a joined Ses. 257b. Myself, himself, ourselves, themselves; but self, following your, must be expressed by Iss-1 joined; and selves by Iss-1-Iss, thus : your, yourself, yourselves. 258. Soever. — Expressed by Iss- v. 258b. Whatsoever, wheresoever, whosoever, whom- soever, whensoever, whencesoever, whithersoever, howso- CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 103 252b. 254b. ^o._( 250b. t/.j:fy...y- 251b. _^__..^. L.) : o 255b. .r?l Al /./•. 256b. ::}.::}.hr..lr...^..-^...^^.-:?. -^a--^A-^.--'^- - 257b. 6..jl(o ; . ^ -j':£*i ^ J—— 258 Key. .^„^. /riTlf .^/-^-/--^ 4 * 104 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL TICK-LENGTH CONSONANTS. 259. Better junctions, facility, and speed, are obtained in certain cases by substituting, for one of two joined strokes, a tick-length, changing the direction, or curve, or both, from the direction or curve, or both, of the longer sign. 260. For 1, before Kay, Gay, Em, Emp, write Foid. 260b. Elk, Algonac, Elkhart, eloquent, election, elocu- tion, elegant, electric, electrical, electricity, elementary, alembic. 261. Foid for I is used where / follows an initial vowel, as in 260b. Where / is initial, or h is initial, El is used. 261b. Look, like, alike, lack, lug, . lamp, lamb, hulk, limb, helm, alum, elm. 262. For I after En, Enter, or after a circle or hook zvhen most convenient, write Foid. 262b. Inly, sinless, entirely, suddenly, final-ly, evenly, sufficiently, pencil, densely, briefly. Use El when more convenient, or following a half-length En : — kindly, keenly, manly, emotional-ly, mental, mentally, impatiently, natur- ally, accidental-ly, swindle. 263. For sh, after Ar, En, Ing, Kay, Gay, or a hook when most convenient, write Woid, Note. — Word-outlines, hereafter used, may show omis- sion of consonant or consonants, under Rule 223, without special attention being called to said rule in each case. 263b. Rush, rash, gnash, English, cash, gush, gash, anxious, vanish, varnish, finish. Note the addition of small circle or hook: — Cautious, caution. Write derivatives, when more convenient, thus: Rash. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 105 260b. 261b. 262b. ' — ' ^^ ^ / I // r.J..-r'..^..-^/J.^.;^... .^c^i.:.^.;.... x-_^.^..^., W 263b. ^._^.^_r_ _ ^.„.„-^-^.^_. 263 Key. , ^ _C >-^ 106 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL rasher; cash, cashier; gush, gusher; judicious, judicial, judiciously. Also distinguish between words requiring Woid in the primitive, and words not subject to that rule, but taking the Shon-hook, thus: Caution, auction; communication, negation, negotiation, negotiate; rash, rashly, ration, rational-ly. 264. For sh, after Em, Emp, Emper, write Loid. 264b. Mich., mush, mash, impish, impartial. 265. For p or h, after Tee or Dee, write Roid. 26Sb. Type, depot, dip, deposit, drop, trip, trap, tub, tap ; but write derivatives, when Roid may not be used, thus : Type, typer, typewriter ; drop, dropper ; trap, trapper. It is best to write the stroke in unusual words : — daub, dab, tibia. 266. For t or d, after Pee or Bee, write Roid. 266b. One tick-length may be joined to another, when convenient, thus : petition, partition. Where earlier rules of vocalization require two strokes — Pee or Bee joined to a following or preceding Tee or Dee — such earlier rules should be followed, thus : piety, pity, poet, pattie, pied, abide, abode, tibia, tabby, Toby. 267. For ch or j, zvrite Loid after Pee, Bee, Es, Zee; or after a hook, unless Chay or Jay may be more easily joined. 267b. Pitch, patch, beach, breach, preach, bridge, brooch, Bridgeport, sewage, usage; derivatives: pitcher, preacher, beacher, poach, poacher — and words in analogy — Beecher, Bridger, badger. The following outlines dis- tinguish between ch and /, using the tick for ch and the stroke for ;, thus: orange, wrench, range, ranch, rancher, ranger. 268. For m, after Ens, Ents, Enter, Shay, Shays, or before Iss-Chay, Iss-Jay, write Yeh. 268b. Handsome, winsome, sanitarium, sanitorium. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 107 264b. 265b. lil\lLi.±.^i..^X(.r 7-r 267b.i;,/z.^4-ii-v4^^^4*- 268b. _^^_„-< — 'i-^,-^- -■:»^^ ^ -^.^... 268Key. JnC7\.U-^t^^./ c (-^--^ 2. c r \. . a i -^^_.^..^^..?.y^..u,i-^.^.*.^- 108 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL Entzminger, socialism, shame, sham, shoemaking, shoe- maker, Schumacher. Message, messenger, Massachusetts, misjoinder. 269. For n, after Ems, Emps, Mets, Meds, Emter, Lays, write Yuh. 269b. Mason, masonry. Masonic, Madison, Matson, medicine, Thompson, Adamson, modern, listen, lessen, loosen, listener. 270. A^^ for such prefix syllables as in, en, un, may be expressed by a curved tick-length : ( 1 ) At the beginning of any of the straight Hne Iss-r- hook signs; (2). At the beginning of any other stroke, where use of the En stroke would cause a difficult junction. 270b. (1). Unconsidered, inconsiderate, insecure, un- screw, inspire, inconsiderable. (2). Insulate, insulation, in- sult, insoluble, unseemly, enslave, uncivil, incivility; unload, unlimited, unmitigated, unsettle, unsaddle, unladylike, un- told, undelivered. 271. For th, dh, after Pee, Bee, Ef, Vee, write Wuh. 271b. Path, bath, both, bathe, faith, saveth. 272. For st write Shoid when st may not be more conveniently expressed otherwise. 272b. Opinionist, factionist, protectionist. 273. Halving Final Tick Outlines. — When any final consonant tick is used, halving the stroke to which it is joined adds t or d, to be read after the tick, whether the tick be joined directly to the stroke or to a hook or other tick thereon. 273b. Rushed, gashed, cashed, cautioned, finished, petitioned, partitioned, typed, dropped, trapped, pitched, patched, preached, bridged, bathed, shamed, shammed. CHALLENGE SHORTHAXD MANUAL 109 269b. ^ ^r^-^^ ^-.^.r?!:..!--- --r7 -I 270b 271b. .^^./f./:JJ 272b. ._4?^..2^ 273b. ^-._-._'7_:^..ll5>:../.._f..^:/. ^ 273 Key. .(...^C-Jp^.f.J (-'- ^-^.J..^.. f:-77.-»rr...\.:r..yy ^.r:i.j) ..:..Uh _-^ 110 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 274. T or d added after a circle and tick must be by stroke, joined if convenient, or disjoined if necessary. 274b. Pencilled, loosened, lessened. 275. In writing proper names, unfamiliar, the writer must make them sure before trusting short- hand outlines of such names ; but the names of corre- spondents, and geographical names, familiar to the business writer, and the names of parties to and witnesses in court cases, when once verified, may be written in shorthand, and tick-lengths may be used to great advantage, in such cases. 275b. Algonac, Elkhart, Alexander, Elmira, Almira, Alhambra. Boyett, Bowden, Dobbins, Madison, Matson, Thompson, Bridgeport, Osage. 276. General Rule for the Use of Tick Lengths. — A tick-length consonant is used wherever facile movement is materially promoted thereby. It may be joined after a circle, hook, or other tick ; and may take a circle or hook. It may be joined be- tween strokes. 276b. Penal, penalty, punish-ment, pencilled, penciling, petition, Englishman, devotional, divisional, council, coun- sel, conceal, cancel, although, deposit, deposition, depend, depended. 277a. Wordsigns. NUMBERS. 278b. Write figures as in longhand, when two or more occur together, thus: 13, 15, 17; 15 days; 18 months. 279b. Indicate dollars and cents thus: $25: $36.42: $1.50; $125.30. 280b. Fractions as in longhand, thus: 39f; 3|; 139.9; 1.5 feet; If miles. CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 111 274b. 275b. • Y-r-i-^-\.- r!/^=,j:^.__b.ia -'^— 112 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 281b. Safe and facile outlines may be used for the following fractions: f, i, i, f, i, f, §, ^. One quarter; three quarters. 282b. Single figures are usually indicated by shorthand characters, thus : one day, two weeks, three months, four years, five miles, six barrels, seven bushels. Use figures to write these : eight hours, eight days, eight dollars, nine miles, nine days, nine dollars — eight anything or nine any- thing. Ten, eleven, twelve may be written in shorthand. Ten dollars, ten days, ten months, eleven days, eleven dol- lars, eleven years, twelve days, twelve dollars, twelve years, twelve months. 283b. Two numbers of one figure each, with or be- tween, are written thus : one or two, two or three, three or four four or five, five or six, six or seven, six or eight, seven or eight, eight or nine, nine or ten, eight or ten. 284b. For numbers of more than one figure each, with or between, this is the rule : (a). A rising stroke, like Ar-Ar, joined to a single figure preceding it, indicates that a cypher follows that figure, followed by or, then followed by the next higher figure and a cypher, thus: 20 or 30, 30 or 40, 40 or 50, 50 or 60. 60 or 70, 70 or 80, 80 or 90 ; and you may write 90 or 100 in analogy therewith. (b). If the rising stroke is joined to the last of two or more figures, the value of the first number is unchanged, and the stroke indicates or and the next higher number ending with a cypher, thus: 15 or 20, 28 or 30, 45 or 50, 99 or 100, 125 or 130. (c). A figure joined to the end of the rising stroke indicates a number ending with that figure, next higher than the number first written, thus: 12 or 13, 13 or 14 18 or 19, 35 or 36, 175 or 176. (d). The rising stroke, initial, may be regarded as denoting the number 10 preceding it, thus: 10 or 12, 10 or 15. (e). Eleven, initial or final, may be treated thus: 11 or 12, 10 or 11. 285b. In writing large numbers, the confusing use of cyphers may be avoided by shorthand methods here shown thus: 1,028,001.03, 10,096, 1,002, $2,002,002.02 97 0003 $10,000.02. . S-, , CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MA^IUAL 113 278b. /J, /7 ; /J [, , //..n, / c •• /^. 279b. -,y^ ^^ : ^sy,J6tt; /ft; /^S.-^-. 280b. _2^ ..r...^..^^.■.3/^ ; 3};/J/r:/.s/.:/ir^.y. 281b. ^..^..^^ ^..,.y._^.^ : ,f^.%.f..^.. U/^ ^ c 282b. . — .rr-^._^_T./- ^ c •• f J^- o'-o -*-l--fi 1^ c.-y. 283b. J i(r.:^J....\.^l ^-rCit : ^c 5- >^r ^ - L,(^2 ./(i..^.-'.; '.v^A.^- -...-(ar^.,..'..^._ 3^_^.!7 ^ Q y i^ J- Cr./..—^ _-_^._V.., ^ . v/.^-c 1/ 116 CHALLENGE SHORTHAND MANUAL 287b. .\.: ) I ...J.. ^.y..y.\ 288 Key. \ A.. ..ll..C.._S .1-,-.-- ^...<..A. -> )■ (-/- -w rf) /-). ;/ V -^-— k^-y- ^ c~. f I. .r/. -^ J/---' \r- z. ^ /:*.( -J- CHALLENGE SHORTHAND DICTATION KEY This work is especially designed for loose-leaf teaching. Key figures, immediately following the an- nouncement of a lesson and its number, indicate the last paragraph of the Manual included in that lesson ; e. g., Lesson I. 22 Key ; Lesson II. 25a. Figures, on a Lesson line of the Index, indicate to the teacher the last page of Manual and Key, respectively, to be delivered to the student as neces- sarv for the study of that lesson ; e. g., Lesson I. 9 and 118. Lesson I. 22 Key Carefully read paragraphs 1-16 of the Manual. Study and practice par. 17-22, in accordance with General Instructions, 1-7. The typed equivalent of Key shorthand may be delivered, in whole or in part, after the student shall have read and practiced the shorthand, and passed to the next lesson. After becoming thoroughly familiar with the shorthand strokes, vowels and wordsigns. the stu- dent should repeatedly write the Key shorthand exercise, omitting all vowels except those aiding in the designation of nouns. There should be extended dictation work in con- nection with each lesson, with omission of vowels as above directed ; and practice in reading such work should be continued until the student has the 117 118 KEY ability to read, readily, the notes so written from dictation. 22 Key. Lesson 1 Proper names used in 22 Key: Oro, Urr, Rowe, Shay, El, Lowe. A stenographer is forever doomed to spell a proper name according to best judgment, until correction or verification may be obtained. Even so with Smith, Smyth, Smythe. At this stage, such words and phrases as Dear Sir, Gentlemen, Yours truly. Yours respectfully, etc., cannot be indicated by shorthand characters. Usually a person, dictating correspondence, omits these, and the stenographer supplies them in the transcript The student may follow this course until shorthand indication of such words and phrases may be made, in the course of these lessons. Note and follow shorthand punctuation. El Lowe, Oro. Dear Sir: — Urr and Rowe are two who will row, and Shay will too, and he will lay an oar, and show Ray. / Urr and Ray should row to Oro. Shay shall row^^^^ El, and El should row too. Should Ray err. Shay will show him, and he should row. Messrs. Lowe & Shay, Oro. Gentlemen : — Ray and Urr are two who will show El and Rowe, and will row. Should El row, he will row Urr and Lowe. He should row, but Lowe should too. Ray will show Urr an oar, and he and Lowe ^ 119 win nwr. He will row EI and Raiy. Who wiO row to Oro? Messrs. Ray 3c Rowe. Oro. Dear Sirs: — Siall Shay and Lowe row EI. Rar and Urr? Shay shoold row, bat Lowe shall row. EH Ray win diow Lowe an oar. Shafl Urr and Rowr row? Lesson IT. 25a No Key shorthand is presented widi tfiis lesson. After becooung Idioroagfalj familiar with the nips tiative shordiand and tiie wordsigns, the stu- dent should devise and practice sentences, equiva- lent in amount to a half-pag:e of the engraved short- hand, approximately. Use only the wt)rds for which the shorthand has been given in this and the preceding lesson. Freely use and modify tfie sentences contained in 22 Kev. Lessox in. 29 Key In 29 Key, note the word change, cfc-n-/, Chay-En-Jaj. The n has not yet been reached in due coarse, but yon may learn and use it here. When Key shorthand occupies less than a half-page, as is the case with 29 Key, the student shonld devise sen- tences, sufficient to fill a half -page in connection widi die Key shorthand, and should use only the words for wfaich shorthand is given in current and preceding lessons. Under the direction given the teacher in the index, if the tj-ped equivalent of Key shorthand is in the hands of 120 KEY the student when first examining the Key shorthand, the typed equivalent may be referred to in deciphering the shorthand. If the dehvery of the typed equivalent should be postponed until time of delivery of the next lesson, or any future lesson, such typed matter should then be com- pared with the student's longhand transcript of the Key shorthand, and corrected, if necessary; and this exercise should be considered in the nature of a review. The names of States and principal cities, where used in the Key shorthand, are usually unvocalized, and often contracted. In such cases the longhand equivalent of the shorthand outline may suggest the full word ; e.g. : Vg, Virginia; Pslv, Pennsylvania; Wsh, Washington; Lbm, Alabama; Wsv, West Virginia; Dkt, Dakota. 29 Key. Lesson 3 Messrs. Jeff & Job Rail, Lore, Va. Gentlemen : — Urr and Lowe will lay up, for a change, and Joe will row and luff. He will wave a loaf, which he will have for Jep. He will love to lope to a ledge. Bobo and Beppo roar for a lull, and for a shoal. Have Pope and Jep show Joe and Poe a way to lay a row. Weigh a loaf for Ray, and fetch up a bay lobo for Job. Lesson IV. 35 Key From this place to the end of this work, there will be little more than the announcement of lessons and where found, with the equivalents of Key shorthand interspersed, so that at times the typed Key matter will be in the hands of the student at the time of the lesson study, and at other times not. Follow closely the directions given in connec- tion with Lessons 1, 2, and 3. KEY 121 35 Key. Lesson 4 Mr. Jerre Leach, Ware, Va. Dear Sir: — The way to reach all who have fear of aught already here, should be to show each the shop will have the job on the way for all who ever pay. Who will be here to show the job? Lesson V. 41 Key • 41 Key. Lesson 5 Mr. Joseph Jefferson, Salesville, Pa. Sir:— If the lessors of Willie's shops should have the wish to repay him for his losses, he will ship the reapers. All are up on the shoal bay. The base of the Russell reaper shows wear. The shop should be lower for the reapers. Messrs. Weaver, Sales & Lodge,. Shipley, Wash. Gentlemen : — The jobbers are here, and will leave on the ship Lope, to follow the way of the jobbers of Sales- ville. Rosser will be here, and wishes to hear of a job for Ledger. He may reach Pennsylvania on his way to Virginia. He is rich, and will be richer, 122 KEY if he follows the way he should. Belo fears to leave his ships, and will be on the way to Avery's, and Jerry will leave here. Lesson VI. 46 Key 46 Key. Lesson 6 Mr. J. K. Risley, Paul's Valley, Wash. Sir:— Leslie is sorry for his fierce boasts, and he fears to leave here, as Russell fiercely follows him. The foresters here w'ish to raise the surface of the forests, which are waste. Eph Beasley supposes the posts are here, and will be on the way to Jester's. The way Joseph shows up Rochester's folly should be a solace to all who have a wish for peace. Bishop is restless, and listlessly fetches his ulsters up here for sale. Lesson VII. 50 Key 50 Key. Lesson 7 Mr. Adna Jackson, Paris, Ala. Dear Sir: — The best possible shoeing smithing may be had at the Johnson shop; so they say. KEY 123 Lesson VIII. 59b 57 A'^v. Lesson 8 Noisy boys rejoice loudly, but quieter ways are best. Lesson IX. 67 Key 67 Key. Lesson 9 Alessrs. Barrett & Lesrer, Seattle, Wash. Sirs : — Philo Masters is at home today. He and Jeffers. of Vicksburg, had a long talk on the subject of fixing up the posts and wires on the Gossett range. He will raise the money, and have it ready in time for the autumn business. He will see to it soon. Lesson X. 69 Key 69 Key. Lesson 10 Mr. Ed Johnson, Albany. Sir:— If the caps come in time, they may be of use to James. Lesson XI. 79 Key 75 Key. Lesson 11 Month, m-tJi, Etn-Ith, a contraction, presented later in the complete list. 124 KEY Messrs. Fox, Duke & Bales, Forney, W. Va. Gentlemen : — It may be necessary to ship, by first steamer, a load of poles to Pike's Peak next month. Say to Basil Beasley, at Pike's Peak, in our dealings on the range, for the coming season, a new variety of pest is showing up, vastly to our damage, and it may be necessary to dissolve our company. This is fiercely opposed by some who are on the inside of the game, and our camp may move soon. They are roping our steers and cows, and giving us no notice. If these fellows follow up this business, it may be best to talk to Dixon, who visits Pike's Peak soon. 79 Key. Lesson 11 Messrs. Spencer & Bissell, Navasota. Dear Sirs : — News reaches us by wire, today, showing us facts of far-reaching importance. It seems the best forage in Lower Canada comes by the way of Rochester, the bills for which are much reduced. On the face, the forage bills of West & Post show they, by poorly managing, lost all the advantages of which they boast. If this continues, it will be necessary to go south for our best service. KEY 125 Lesson XII. 85 84 Key. Lesson 12 Messrs. Rogers & Denis, \^icksburg, Pa. Sirs : — A deal of the utmost importance will be dis- cussed at our coming Tuesday talk, and it is our desire to see all today, to talk on this subject. The full List of Wordsigns and Contractions, found at the close of this Key, should now be delivered to the student. When an outline is found in the Key shorthand, which is not the full consonant representation of a word, or not in the position prescribed by general rules, the student should refer to the Complete List, and find and mark such word, and memorize it. Names of cities may not be in- cluded in the complete list ; and attention will be called to other special contractions, when used. About 150 words, contained in the Complete List, and not yet presented, are used in the remaining exercises of this work. The full list may be learned after completion of the student's course, and even after entering short- hand employment. It should then be thoroughly mastered, if the student is ambitious to achieve the best results. While engaged in deciphering Key shorthand, without the typed equivalent, the student may write longhand let- ters for shorthand outlines, if the words are not sug- gested by the outlines and context. Lesson XIII. 92 Key 92 Key. Lesson 13 Mt Joel Farley. Giles, Dakota. Sir :— I am going to the city on Tuesday next, and 126 KEY may be ready to fix up the affairs of which I spoke today. Say to Taylor, if he will go and see the party who owns the team, and if the team is in shape for ready use, he may make the deal and pay the money to Messrs. Johnson & Capers. The best possible should be expected, and the team must be all he specifies, because no delay in the teaming must be allowed. If the oxen should be poor, no deal will be possible. Mr. Jonas Byers, 126 Sloop Ave., Chicago, 111. Dear Sir: — The first thing to do next month will be to see the party who owns the Fifth Avenue lots, and give him our best possible deal for same. The money will be ready at any time he may wish to fix up the deal. For the past month or two I had supposed Berry and Moore to be ready to go into this affair, but it seems they desire to stay out, as they may be in some steer shipping business, and may have to arrange for a large sum of money, to move a ship-load at a time. I suppose the business Bailey spoke of last Tuesday, at Salesville, will be ready for him to decide, if I reach Alabama in time to see him. Give my best wishes to Dill and Joseph. Lesson XIV. 99 Key • 97 Key. Lesson 14 He is going, and he should be on his way soon. KEY 127 99 Key. Lesson 14 Messrs. Matthews, Smith & Codv, Dallas. Gentlemen : — Business is so quiet here this season, it is im- possible to say how long these slack times may go on. Foley says there are many folks, west and south of his home, who should be busy, and who may be ready to leave home for any possible ad- vantage. It does seem feasible to move these to busier scenes, in which they may achieve success. Some improvements are going up here, but James says there are so many to do the work, it is impos- sible to engage them all. Lessox X\\ 105 Key 105 Key. Lesson 15 Mr. Jonas Bessemer, Havana, Cuba. Dear Sir : — Lamar, it is to be supposed, will be an important city. I expect to make myself at ease, if business continues to improve as it has in the past months. Parsons may be here soon, if his folks have no object in seeking to keep his business at home. 128 KEY Lesson X\'I. Ill Key 111 Key. Lesson 16 Messrs. Ring & King, Bingham, Neb. Gentlemen : — I am seeing the working of a new discing ap- paratus, the design of which is amusingly confus- ing to me. It may be I am too slow to gather the idea the party designing it seeks to embody, but, study it as best I may, it eludes my capacity to solve its peculiar make-up. If I see James next month, I will take him to the farm and show him our new tools. Lesson XVII. 115 Key 115 Key. Lesson \7 Messrs. Bagley & Majors, Roscoe, N. M. Sirs : — The days of the month are passing, and May will soon be here, and the services of a boy should be had, and he should be set at work fixing the fences. The repairing of the posts, and the stop- ping of a gap or two, may save us days of work in the summer time. Look to the age of the boy, and his size, and the pace he sets at work, and have the best. KEY 129 Lesson XVIII. 117 Key 117 Key. Lesson 18 Messrs. Palmer, Lomax & Smith, Rogers, Arizona. Sirs : — By law, no roadmaster may be forced to serve on a jury. It may be necessary for him to see the judge, or the judge may have knowledge of the roadmaster's work, and, if so, may excuse him, making it unnecessary for the roadmaster, Chase, to go to see him ; but it may be best for Chase to go to the city and see the judge, and, should he do so, he should have no fear of being forced to serve. Mr. Jonas Ballister, Sussex, Pa. Dear Sir: — Berry was here today, and he says he will go to see the Jester farm, by Tuesday next. He may be averse to taking up the two pieces this summer, but I expect him to fix up the west side and fence it off, so our stock may be safe on the Pearson farm. Atchley Fellows is ready to go to work and till the Fox pasture, sowing it to oats, and he should be at work by the time the fences are in fair shape. 130 KEY Lesson XIX. 126 Key 126 Key. Lesson 19 Messrs. Tice & Dicey, De Leon, Texas. Gentlemen : — Our stores are now ready for the new summer business. It is to be hoped the last season's busi- ness may be in shape so the adjuster, who may assist us, will have an easy time in pursuing the task of adjusting our affairs. Lesson XX. 131 Key 131 Key. Lesson 20 Messrs. Holly, Hill & Hawes, Lehigh, Pa. Gentlemen : — The harness came by steamship Hidalgo, and is highly satisfactory. Hemphill, and Horace Lahey, most hurriedly left us. They hotly deny Haley's story as to the Higley farm. I am now heavily buying haystacks to ship to the war, and it seems impossible to take time to discuss lesser hobbies. Several heavy horses are now ready to ship. I expect to see them off by the first of next month, possibly. Hides and hoofs are sought for, and I may be forced to see Hazel KEY 131 and Hoyne for the purpose of arranging a basis on which I may do business successfully, in case I may wish to engage in the buying and selling of these things. Lesson XXI. 140 Key 140 Key. Lesson 21 Wiley Weaver, Esq., Weirbury, Wash. Sir:— We have just seen the new swivel. We are satisfied its wearing capacity will be lasting. Lessox XXII. 144 Key 144 Key. Lesson 22 Messrs. York & Weeks, Yarbro, X. Y. Gentlemen : — What are the chances for us to see and talk with the young folks of your city, next week, on the subject on which we had our talks last week ? Will you see the Baxter boys, and ask them if you may expect them to be ready to help? Have you seen the Websters since coming back to Unity ? I have no wish to see you lose time in this way uselessly. You must keep yourself in shape for the important work. 132 KEY Lesson XXIII. 147 Key 147 Key. Lesson 23 Watson & Winchester, Wight Square, Willis, Utah. Gentlemen : — While yon are in the west will you have the time to go to the bookstore of Fox & Co., Wear- boro, and see if they have in stock the works of Cooper? We leave tomorrow for the New Year holidays. Success to you. y + i . Lesson XXR^ 153 Key 153 Key. Lesson 24 Messrs. Dewey & DeWitte, Sylvania, N. J. Gentlemen : — We shall be at work, with the hope to equip our quarry with the best moving apparatus possible, and, with this object in view, we shall be seeking to enlist the services of the Bureau of Science. You may have it in your power to help us in the task of compiling copious data, advertising widely and in various ways. You may, by watching and keeping yourselves well to the fore, utilize much of the data we have almost ready for issue. Respectfully yours, Messrs. Dewey. DeWitte & Dwight, Washtenaw, Idaho. Sirs : — The farriers have fixed a day for deciding the KEY 133 various policies to force the furious parties, who oppose them, to desist, and we shall be on the road for some days to come, working for the welfare of these farriers. Why should they be forced, by those who seek to compel them to waive justice, and seek to hamper them? It is our first duty to teach the public how unfair are the ways of those who oppose the policies sought to be fixed and enforced by the farriers. You may be satisfied those who lead in this are moving slowly, for the sake of peace, but with no desire to succumb to wrong. It may be necessary to work for days, months, and may be for years, but our cause is most just, and we shall have satisfied our helpers, and also our foes, (furious as they may be,) of the lack of fairness and justice of those who may be opposing us. Speaking of things less serious. I am happy to hear of the success of work on behalf of the new road to Fairview. We may be ready to use it by the time it is in shape for continuous use. I hear of some few cases of pneumonia at Em- poria, but its attacks are said to be followed by no serious or unsatisfactory outcome. Note. — Pneumonia, n-m-Yuh. A few words, of very long outlines, may be shortened without regard to the list. Initial loops are not used where the beginning move- ment of the loop, if extended in a straight line or tangent, would slant to the left. Loops so used, in the older Pit- manic systems, are liable to take circular form, in rapid writing, thus resulting in serious conflicts of outlines. Under this rule k, g, n, ng, y, h, do not take an initial loop. Initial, and joined to these strokes, Iss-t (not Steh) must be used for st; and Iss-tr (not Starr) must be used for sir. 134 KEY Lesson XXV. 158 Key 158 Key. Lesson 25 Kansas City ^Manufacturing Company, Kansas City, Kansas. Gentlemen : — You are hereby given power to finance our new advertising company, for which we will give you the most satisfactory backing. The business men of this community are ready to utilize anything so far in advance of the age as this is shown to be. They have confidence in the capable financiers who give money to equip, and time to work out a safe basis upon which this company may do a large and paying advertising business. Our wagons, manufactured by the Abilene company, and autos, by the Vinedge folks, are ready to run, and we will have them in use in the coming season. Lynn Bannister will be with us before long, and we expect him to follow up our opening business with success. Lessoxnt XXVI. 166 Key 166 Key. Lesson 26 Worcester Banister Company, Worcester, Ark. Gentlemen : — Our General Agent at Sedalia may take time to see you when he runs up into the Ransom com- munity, and we shall advise him, when he sees you. KEY 135 to run up your banister bills, and see if they tally with ours. We may construct some new houses by-and-by, and the stairways and banisters are to be of Aran- sas style. This will be for residences, and also for business houses. He will take pains to see your styles, and scan your posts, newels and banisters. Lesson XXVII. 173 170 Key. Lesson 27. Lancaster Stove and Range Company, El Paso, Texas. Gentlemen : — We have just been in conference with Lay den Jones, who is to be active in seeking donations for the newly constructed Orphans* Home in this town. He says it may be necessary to visit towns along the lines of the T. & P.. on this behalf. He says, the way he construes the books, the running ex- penses are to be borne, one-half by the community in which the Home has location, and one-half by outside givers. He may visit you soon, and may ask you to see your business men for the purpose of gaining aid for this institution. By the way. I am organizing a company for the sale of horses and mules. Our barns lack heating stoves, and if you can help me with such advice as you may be willing to aid me with, I will be willing and ready to defer to your views. 136 KEY 172 Key. Lesson 27 Messrs. Baxter & Listers, Physicians & Surgeons, Lancaster's Store, Ohio. Sirs : — We have noticed the Biiel decision, in the case of Jones vs. The Association of Musicians of Tulsa, and we expect to be ready to argue a motion for rehearing, on a day soon to be set. It may be necessary for us to see you soon, to confer on this subject. Will you, or some one of your company, be in town next week? If so, will you wire me the day I may expect to see you? It may be pos- sible to reverse this last decision, upon such rehear- ing, and we have confidence in the efficiency of our law representatives here. They say we must take all possible steps to have the most forceful showing on this occasion. I have no possible means of knowing the basis for this last decision, before I see the text of the opinion, which I will have in my possession next Monday, I think, or by Wednes- day at the farthest. You may rest satisfied of the success of our lawyers in the case of Byers vs. Bunty, because the decisions are decisive. If you wish to see us at any time on this subject, we will always be ready to aid you with whatever advice or help it may be in our power to give you. I have no reason to fear an adverse decision of this case. So far as I know, and have information, the Postal Savings Bank case will be up for decision KEY 137 soon, though I am in no position to say what day it may be taken up. I keenly sympathize with your Mr. Moore, in his serious condition. Lesson XXVIII. 179 Key 178 Key. Lesson 28 Mr. Brigham Carter, 107 Frost Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. Dear Sir : — The progress of our investigations into the cause of the growth of fungus on prickly ash trees, has been very satisfactory to us. 179 Key. Lesson 28 Messrs. Pryor & Fry, Freeburg, Calif, Gentlemen : — We are having some trouble with our new base- burners, and would like to inquire of you why the principal portion of the coal clogs in the base, with no satisfactory consumption of fuel. We are apply- ing to your Mr. Gordon, to see if he can cure this. The crops are in very fair shape here, and we hope to have fine times when the wheat and corn shall be harvested. If you can visit this section of the territory, we may be able to see you, and to tell you something which will be to your advantage. We have no chance to leave home soon, and if you 138 KEY can come here next week, we should prefer to see you, say on Thursday or Friday. Before you come, please advise us when we may expect you, and we will arrange our time to suit you. Yours respectfully. Lesson XXIX. 185b Lesson XXX. 190 189 Key. Lesson 30 Creswell Junction Realty Company, Bakerville, Oregon. Dear Sirs : — It is necessary to have, at once, an abstract of the title to the farm near your place, so we may obtain subscriptions to the stock of the newly or- ganized farm produce company, of which we are managers. Will you please see to this at your earli- est convenience, and mail the bill to us, and we will agree to pay same with no delay. File all papers necessary, so the abstract may be full. The administratrix of the Jones property makes convey- ance to the heirs of Jones, and this should appear in the abstract. I mispronouced the name of Tasker. in dicta- tion to my stenographer, and for this reason there is an error in the Paschal conveyance. Please see to this. KEY 139 Lesson XXXI. 194a 193 Key. Lesson 31 Various and sundry, v-r-Scs-n-dr. This is a phrase outline, omitting and. Messrs. Wellington & Spooner, San Francisco, Calif. Dear Sirs: — A brisker movement is noticeable in business circles, and flush times seem to be as near as we have been expecting them to be, or nearer. The most satisfactory conditions appear to be coming to us, and we shall wish to be in commimication with our brokers before many days shall have passed, with respect to the movement of the various stocks now controlled by us. We will be in shape to take up new lines when affairs shall be properly fixed, so we can settle with the owners of these stocks. If you are in position to settle the claim, with refer- ence to which we advise you by the paper here enclosed, we shall be very much pleased to hear from you, and we assure you of our most earnest desire to do all we can to aid you to come to a satisfactory basis upon which to settle. X'arious and sundry affairs hang upon your deci- sion, and we wish to take up this question with our principals, and be able to tell them what we can do with respect thereto. The atmosphere of this Western Hemisphere seems to be very conducive to the lengthening of the lives of the native born, and even foreigners acknowledge its benign influence. 140 KEY Skillful endeavor to adjust business relations satisfactorily, serves to preserve the satisfactory- transaction of business. I incline to believe it pos- sible to arrange all these affairs, with no suit to impair the pleasures of living. We hope we may be able to continue our service to you, as in the past, but we must also endeavor to be true to others who repose confidence in us, and therefore we urge you so earnestly to try to come to terms with those whose affairs we have in our control. Any communication you may wish to make to us will have our careful attention. Yours truly. Lesson XXXII. 202 Key 198 Key. Lesson 32 Messrs. Tankersley & Pinkerton, Anchor Cove, Wyoming. Dear Sirs : — Burglars entered the Pinkerton chambers yes- terday, and stole a large number of handkerchiefs, belonging to Fender and Linterton. Later they ventured back into the city and were taken by the police. One gave voluntary testimony against his fellows, and all were committed for trial, with the exception of the volunteer. The handkerchiefs were in the possession of the gang, and were taken by the officers, who will deliver same to the owners. Yours truly, 141 202 Key. Lesson 32 Messrs. Ponder & X^ictor, Bankers, Slaughtersville, Minn. Gentlemen : — We are having some lingering hope of the re- turn of our. check, lost day before yesterday in the city, where we had gone to render our corporation property for taxation. We gave you notice of the loss of this check, by wire, as soon as we discovered the loss, and should any dishonest person oflfer it at your windows, please have the proper officers arrest the offender. The telegraph operator, here tells me he ten- dered conveyance of the Printers' Addition prop- erty back to the grantors, on the basis of the orig- inal proposition, but same was refused. This ful- fills all our duty in the premises, and we, are pre- paring necessary data with which to encounter any adverse move of these criminal conspirators. The Luther Bindery Company, book binders, Shafter, Arizona, advise us of changes now going on in their factory there, the installation of new machinery and office furniture, involving large ex- pense and very much labor, and they desire an ex- tension of the paper. Their request seems reason- able, and we hope you will be able to accede to it. Yours truly, 142 KEY Lesson XXXIII. 206b Lesson XXXIV. 213a 208 Key. Lesson 34 Messrs. Hungerford & Peterson, Planters, Patterson, W. Va. Gentlemen : — We understand you have planted a vast acreage in cotton this season. We are open to competitive propositions for linters, in bales, in carload lots. The propriety of appropriate classification, of course, is manifest, and we can give advantageous terms to the bidder whose prices may be most favorable, and classification most accurate. We hope to be able to render good service to our pa- trons, and only wish reasonable returns on our busi- ness. Better times are near, and the great preponder- ance of the evidence is in favor of a material ad- vance in prices of linters and other cotton products. The factories are returning to full time, and cotton operators are active. Very truly yours, 212 Key. Lesson 34 Messrs. Littleton & Bidwell, Undertakers, Middleton, Vt. My Dear Sirs: — If you have in stock silver handles and hinges, KEY 143 please quote me lowest prices at sea-board, for one light carload lot. I have little confidence in the wonderfully cheap rates recently advertised by parties, whose wild claims evidently are used for credulous patrons to put their trust in. I do not care to patronize these claimants. I am getting tired of wonders in advertising, and have long pre- ferred, as I do now, to contract with reputable firms, of long standing and good repute. In a little while I expect to be ready to establish a business here in Midland, and therefore would be glad to hear from you. I have no doubt we can make arrangements with your establishment, for business that will give flattering returns, and upon such basis that w'e may render each other good service. It is quite needful for us to have exact data, in order that we may be able to get our stock bought and sold within reasonable time limits. Yours very truly, Lesson XXX\'. 215 Key 215 Key. Lesson 35 Messrs. Dotson & Dodson, Hubbardstown Hardware Company, Higgins, Ky. Dear Sirs: — We need, at once, a description of the land described as located under headright certificate No. 42. 'Harrison heirs. If you can see Hudson, of the firm of Hutcheson & Hudson, Hightower Valley, will you tell him to send us, by return mail, this 144 KEY information, and that we will pay upon receipt of the bill for such service. Hot days are here. Yours hastily, Outlines representing nouns. — Reference is here made to instruction in Lesson 1, of this Key, authorizing the omission of vowels, except those aiding in the designation of nouns, after study' and practice. That instruction should be still heeded, with this amendment : After the study and practice there enjoined, the student should omit vowels, including the vowels of nouns if, after due consideration, it is decided that such omission would not cause a conflict between two nouns of the same outline and not dis- tinguishable by context. For example : ship and shop would not conflict if the matter being written pertained exclusively to shipping, or shopping. Referring to the letter to Messrs. Dotson & Dodson, 215 Key (for further example), after due practice upon the shorthand written in full, the proper names may be considered as familiar names to the stenographer, and the separately written vowels omitted ; and it may be de- cided readily that none of the common nouns, in the body of the letter, need vocalization. No other rule can be devised, covering this matter, than the rule referring it to the intelligent consideration and judgment of the stenographer, who, whenever in doubt, should take the safer course, and vocalize. Lesson XXXVI. 219 Key 219 Key. Lesson 36 Messrs. Armstrong & Harmsworth, Rumbolt, N. C. My Dear Sirs : — I wrote you on yesterday with reference to the reimbursement of certain over-remittances, made KEY 145 through error of our remittance clerk. If you can- not easily verify our claim, we will send you Mr. Reimer's statement, with vouchers. In recent rambles to remote parts, I have heard rumors that certain of the roomers, occupying apartments in different compartments of the Sea View House, are dissatisfied with the view over the ramparts, and desire to shift to some other loca- tion. The daughter of the editor of The Farm and Forum is one of these who are not contented with the outlook. She says she will be compelled to va- cate, and effect other arrangements for herself and friends. I hope you may be able to satisfy these whose feelings seem to be rumpled. Yours truly, Messrs. Burkholder & Flaxman, Thunder Bay, Wis. My Very Dear Friends : — I am interested somewhat in the Association of Lumber Merchants, of your neighborhood, and wish to secure all possible information with regard to their present plans. If consistent, will you ascer- tain when their next meeting is to be held, and let us know by phone or wire, at once. There is no matter of greater importance to us than this, and this information will be appreciated. Truly yours, 146 KEY Lesson XXXVII. 222 Key 222 Key. Lesson 27 Messrs. Peterson, Harrison & Patterson, Philadelphia, Pa. Gentlemen : — More and more we have been impressed, from day to day, with the desire to inquire of you if you have been successful in your quest of the consump- tion remedy, about which you entertained great hopes from year to year. It would not be amiss to seek means of testing this cure, and had it not been for my extreme pre-occupation, it would have been my pleasure and good fortune to have assisted you more than I have been able to do, in this work. It had almost escaped my mind that you have been, from day to day and month to month, in the recent past, engaged with the professors of the University, and today I heard of your experiments with rabbits and, to put it very mildly, I am jubilant. I have to congratulate you on the results, and to thank you for having, in a measure, kept me posted. By all means try to expedite this investigation. The trial of the serum I hope will prove an abun- dant success. Try to be at our meeting next week. Cordially yours. KEY 147 i Lesson XXXVIII. 225 Key 225 Key. Lesson 38 John J. Wiseman, Seagoville, Ontario, Canada. My Dear Friend: — I am tempted, mostly by intelligence received upon recent investigation, to invest in municipal bonds of your Northwestern towns. I have become a convert to the fact that your complete equipment for business, and your favorable business connec- tions, command the utmost confidence of the gen- eral public. If you cannot accommodate me with a condi- tional loan, I shall have to confine my operations within the contracted limits prescribed by our Fi- nance Committee. However, I confess my ardent desire to have you connected with this venture, though I am cognizant of a circumstance which may control your position with reference to this movement. If convenient, write me fully about the expected exposure of the enemies of the Exposition. It is considered here that we have been too considerate of those who exert an influence so contrary to the best interests of the Association. Fraternally yours, 148 KEY Lesson XXXIX. 228 Key 228 Key. Lesson 39 Compliance with this request, pl-ns-ths-r-kst. This is a phrase outhne, omitting with. General Attorneys, gn-t-ns. — A special contraction. Gen. Freight Agent, gn-ft-gnt. — A special contraction. John Kay, Esq., Supt. Wabash-Western, Toledo, O. Dear Sir: — I hand you herewith claim for one carload of apples, alleged to have been damaged by delay in transit from Toledo to New York City, B/L at- tached. We defend against this claim upon the ground that the shipper requested stoppage in tran- sit, and no further delay occurred than in compli- ance with this request. I do not believe, under the rules of the Interstate Commerce Commission, we are liable for this damage. The request for stop- page in transit was also OK'd by the consignee, as well as by the consignor. Thus the party of the first part and party of the second part, to the con- tract of sale, appear to be bound by their own act, and, to bind the matter more rigidly, the waiver in the contract of shipment seems to be conclusive. In the opinion of our General Attorneys we are without fault in this matter. Yours respectfully, Gen. Freight Agent. KEY 1^ Lesson XL. 231 Key 231 Key. Lesson 40 Felix McCafFrey, Hospital Steward, ]\Iurphreesboro, Tenn. Dear Sir : — We especially desire to see you about supplies for the coming- year, and contemplate a material modification of our former contract. By judicious management our vineyards have responded to more enlightened methods, and we are convinced that your hospital supplies may be secured from us with much greater economy than from others. You may go farther and fare much worse. It has been judicially determined, after judicious investigation, that the stratification of our soil is most conducive to healthy growth and bearing. We protect our products with great care, and we predict that the future VviH give us even better results, under present aspects, than the past. Very truly yours. Lesson XLL 240 Key 240 Key. Lesson 41 Interurban, nt-bn. — A special contraction. Bismark Interurban Ry Co., Bismark, Idaho. Dear Sirs : — I have invented a very convenient power-brake. It is quite simple in construction and efficient in ISO KEY service. The brake beam, especially, is of unique design and of very great strength. Should you wish to investigate this invention and its workings, you may let me know when it would be most convenient for you to spend a little time with me, for the pur- pose of this investigation. Yours respectfully, Lesson XLII. 249 248 Key. Lesson 42 Connecticut Discount Association, Beersfield, Conn. Gentlemen : — Disconcerting news of the decomposition of for- ar;e products, has just reached us. We recognize the magnitude of this disaster, to which it is hard to become fully reconciled. Many farmers may have to go unrecompenscd for their incomparably hard labor, and interminable complications may arise. Interlocking interests, of farm and mercantile life, may cause incongruous results. Misconception of tlie true conditions may be very difficult to recon- cile ; and, being so irreconcilable, why, it may be necessary to reconstruct all our plans, and introduce new methods of interchange. Intermixed with all these disconnected and dis- cordant conditions, will be the considerations of individual safety, interdicting freedom of business enterprise. Very incomplete returns leave us in doubt as to the proper course to recommend, but judicious investigation must be conducted, with a view to reconciling conditions, the evils of which KEY 151 may be greatly magnified. Therefore we are in- clined to be slow in action, in connection with these contradictory reports. Yours truly, XLIII. 258 Key 258 Key. Lesson 43 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, chs-nts-nt. — A special contraction. Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company, Local Agent, Giles Point, Kansas. Dear Sir : — You may say to whomsoever seeks information that I commend the carefulness of your manage- ment and the serviceableness of assistants. Famil- iarity with the methods of your business dealings and the facility with which you handle same con- tribute greatly to the popularity of the line. Very truly yours, Lesson XLI\'. 268 Key 263 Key. Lesson 44 ^Ir. Alexander Nash, Algonac, Wis. Dear Sir : — In the alembic of elementary composition it would be practically an impossibility to treat all ele- ments alike, however desirable such consummation 152 KEY might be, and must elect a few words only, for illustration. Par. 268b. Sanitorium, Iss-ntr-Yeh. — Vocalized by striking dash through stroke, in analogy with L- and R- hook vocalization, par. 184. 268 Key. Lesson 44 Kalamazoo Compress Company Kalamazoo, Mich. Gentlemen : — We are just in possession of news from Alham- bra, Mass., by special messenger, to the effect that passengers on the Michigan lines impartially give their evidence in the case of the Rush Savings Bank vs. The Algonac and Elk Valley line, with reference to bridge defects, and to the usage with regard to the tops of bridges. Yours truly, LessOxX XLV. 277a 273 Key. Lesson 45 Massachusetts Improvement Company, Haverhill, Mass. Gentlemen : — The masonry for the new Masonic Temple, at Adamson Junction, is nearing completion, and we write you to send us catalog of modern furniture. Without seeming to be unseemly and inconsiderate in our desire to lessen the cost of this furniture, yet we feel both permitted and impelled to avoid unlimited expenditure, because our financial prob- KEY 153 lems are unsolved, and our pathway is not strewn with roses. We have been cautioned and petitioned that this matter should not be rushed, and we therefore exercise circumspection, in view of our unsettled condition. When the elementary work shall have been finished, we can unload that care from our shoulders, and when we shall have cashed some outstanding obligations due us, we shall feel at liberty to take this matter up for early action. Yours truly, 276 Key. Lesson 45 Disappointment, ds-pnt-nt. — Where mnt may not be joined for the suffix ment, that suffix may be denoted by nt, joined, as in disappointment, measurement, etc. Messrs. Dobbins & Boyden, Sulphur Springs, Wichita Co., Ark. Dear Sirs: — I have just finished the two houses, for which you furnished the material and electrical appli- ances. The insulation has loosened, and I have taken counsel with electricians, who, taking into con- sideration the insecure condition of electric wires, and the unscrewed fastenings, unreservedly declare that it is necessary to replace the same with better wire and better insulation, according to the pen- ciled sketch enclosed. 1 cannot conceal my dis- appointment at the faulty construction shown, and the lessened value of the houses in consequence thereof. I would not be inconsiderate in this matter, 154 KEY and therefore I ask that you come at once and make examination of this matter, and at once thereafter rectify these faults of construction, in accordance with the incontrovertible terms of the contract. The penalties named in the contract may be invoked, but I do not wish to punish anybody for errors that are curable, if they are promptly cured. Please let me hear from you by return mail. This is a disconcerting occurrence, and speedy rep- aration should be made Yours truly, Lessox XL\^I. 285b Lessor XLVII. 287b Lesson XLVIII. 288 Key 288 Key. Lesson 48 Two rules of the reporter are exemplified in 288 Key. First. — The Brief W or Brief Y enlarged. (a). A Brief W wordsign, enlarged, adds another Brief W signword ; as with, with what; we, we were, we would; what, what we; what would; would, would we. (b). A Brief Y wordsign, enlarged, adds another Brief Y or Brief W signword ; as you, you were, you would; yet, yet you, yet your. (c). A Brief W wordsign, enlarged and tipped, so that a line, striking the points, would slant to the left, adds a Brief Y signword ; as would, would you, would your; were, were you, were your; with, with you, with your; what, what you, what your. Second.— Strokes used in writing state, know, say, remember, if lengthened, such lengthening adds whether; as state, state whether; say, say whether; know, know whether; remember, remember whether; and an N-hook, added, is to be read after the lengthening; and the length- KEY 155 ning and hook indicate whether or not; as state whether or not, knozv whether or not, etc. 288 Key. Lesson 48 JEROME SMITH recalled and further cross examined by Mr. Jones. O. With what did you expect to unfasten the doors ? A. We were expecting to use keys, such as we would find at hardware stores, though we were confident the doors would not be locked. Q. You say you were expecting to use keys, yet you went there with your jimmies in your sack. Why would you take your tools along if you ex- pected you would not have to use them? Would you have used the tools if you were unable to find keys to fit? A. We were not carrying the tools for that purpose. Q. What would be the use of carrying the tools then? State whether or not you were talking this matter over as you were going to the house? A. We were not talking it over at all. We did not know whether the liouse was locked, or any of the rooms. Jim was expecting — Mr. Brotvn. — Your Honor, we would not be bound by what Jim was expecting, and we object to the statement as immaterial. The Court. — I sustain the objection. EXCEPTION for the defendant. Mr. Jones. — To which the defendant excepts, if your Honor please. Q. (By Mr. Jones) I do not remember whether or not I asked you about the doors being 156 KEY fastened with bars. With what were the doors fastened ? A. One or two were barred, and others fastened with locks. CROSS EXAMINATION by Mr. Brown. Q. Why were your tools in the auto ? A. Beause Jim had used them the day before, and hadn't taken them home. He intended to leave them at home on his return from town. 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I defendant X delinquency J delinquent ..t.. depot -\ . .deputt . -dvputix* d.:uij b.-j diacriptioE d«leraloe-kUo d. .l\_ _det«rBiD«d did not l-_diff»r-ed-«nc» -•nt tr—ratfrtniUl-lj « — difficull-j .1 . .dir«t ..v.. direction 1...direct,d .J-i -direct «xMin«tlon J_4o not 1 y. .di«trib C/. -ditlributiT. -. distribbtory \ . C- -diitriliuli.-n .- . . district .diitricl cour - V- -di.turb y. di»turb«cc» - \l/ -disturbod l^.diillnot U-^ .diitinctiTo Ld. Jistinction .r-^-distinetly I -.do .. t.-do«i - yt> -di sftdvantago -X -disadT»nt«£«ou •^~7- -diicropancy L--.di«»aliaf actio fiad -disaaliafy I *> . 9*-^ -diatineoiah-od .tinguiahablt .diatrlbuta-d dollar ... I ..downv&rd .."I . .dta'alion .-l-.dnrioc .j^aalarly .J- .aaatara 160 WORDSIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS tUit\ncj --_««1«* -0--Mp«ri*oc« yi.Ue\ MbukMDi -tf~\-*s*«pl* -A.JU^t\mt.\ >U^ulllU' r?-*Bi>««ic4 -- -«XAiF«r«U'd .i^. upUiB /N^iMp:ific»tik-**" .^r_l»flirt -«rj-«i«p:ify ^/l -asplcr* . -^ J.Tor lagUlhMB-MB /■- .•iplor*d - -_ f»Tor«4 .>f.jni,n» .^^iplonUon _ _7-f «tor«bl«-ly .-__«a«,w rf^_HMfll0» _ 6..«lpr»i» — Jjt^ntrj . J~7L -tnlariva^Bi ./e^iMpi-.* ..Z-nprasMi .'-.tirtK. .TJ.-iaUrUia ..^.^lupUcs _ 2/--*«I'»»aS=o . J..t« .~0..nUrUiB«4 .r7r^,el>»Bg»-d .-4- Jlpr«*iiv* - f- Stimn .rU^aUrUiiMst . .^^ichucwbl* ..^.^t.ci .y^Jer Mupl* .^TlraUn •-■^-««tM« .-l''— •lUadH -V.Jcr lotUae* uUnlf ----ne»f* C:3-«Uuicn J—.iWti.' ._;f.«p.elU-lT ■ Tj. -nciMlU ..jL^iUaaif* _ A . f or»ir* .} I«{>lr« f> -'?--«lUr.t _ -2 Jro* ._ ).^tU»Uih-.* — --.ihiHticn - •'--•ilr4oriiL«ry . -^.full-7 .>3^iUkll«tarat -P~«»l»i •itrtM .r^..g.lb.r .->|.«UtU4 _ ^. .g«n«n]-ly - . ->» it .L. -!:•> It tot -) -tei t^^ i .U«a c/ J... t*tm . J. .k>T« b>d .J. .Utt tt -J. .Ul« tax -i tM tte - -b* did got . -h« bad not I .. ^.^* don't _ -^- .b* .111 -><■ -ktwd -•^- -told - /- -bificaXortA • ■ -b«ac«for«4rd b«r* - ^- -b*rti/t«r ^I-'— b«p«toXor« b«r«witb -'_ .kitk -"^Tlhiehij - '-.bi» . 6—hit.flt .-1 Jili .><:.boi4 -/. Ms* ._/- .bor»d I ._/ beptful-ly ./2\ .boi[iUbl»-l7 bofpittl _. .hotpitililj bou«ts 6 . - -bov . -J~ ho«**«r ■ "-• ■hur.dwd - <^-biubud ■ ^^ .butb4ndB«a • ^^-bmbwidry ^^-b»»3«id Kod "if* .r. I 1 bad not -"- J b«»« j^T-i .ill .-.Idaho .i_:^d.Iltic«l-lj -jl .idastif iutioa -/J-idaslifj .--it it T?t!»«Urial iaMditte ivMdituir Ii{>4rtlal-l7 -ia;«rtlali(j iaparta&c* .- .-la^rt&ai . -iaraaaibla Lipr«T«»«at is Ul Uo ardtr-t* - -/. Jd r«ftrtnc* is r*c«.rd . -- Ja rtpiy in ariliLc ■y«.iBco««iiarabla-lj T . . [. UMoaaidaratt X/.iB cooaidaratios . . - ^4ficooaiaiacc7 incanaiatact indiaerisioalc ladiacriaiuUlj IndtacriaiuliM 162 WORDSIGNS AND COXTRACTIONS . -ytilldl.p.B..bl.-lj . -T. -interest ^ - T. -knowledge smaller -.*?.illd»tjdu.l-ly . S~f— interested •- languaje v«5terial-ly .r^(-iiidi»idvi.iii/ / icTentory-ied -/--large tateriality lr.f lu«r.ce - -^ icTestigate-ed -^-larger .^ nay b. influenced --^-inTestigatioa -'^- learn- «d .^-^ Dsy have been influenti.l c? investigator O- -left ."^^neanehile infora in wiling .3- length .C^.oeasure . .r?llnfor..ti(m . A_ .Io»a . rAi lengthen .C/.iea.-ured _ _^ inf or.ed .-° _is .>r<) lengthened .C^netsureBenl inquire-7 .--'_isit -^-^long - /- -fflenber .-.-inquired .-__is it not longhand _^0_aention . _T_ _iQitruet-ed . _j- Ji thr . Lord , lord _ /0.,Bentioned - ^Lf_inetructioD .J-.it -^"^J-ouiaiana . r?-Berchar.t ~\~ inilruclor .^_lnilitute-d -I -it has ._L.lt is Mchlne uachinery . IT^ merchandise , r^-^erchantaan -:r^in.titulion .-Lata . jrr-Mcbinist .-f. jeasage c7 . - . -Insofficienl .-^- 4tself -^nanufacture - t<:^.Bes8enger 2^ iosufticiiney . . P- -it »iU . ^a*nufacture>l -jrf-Kessrs -J intuff iclenllx -/C _ -January ^-■anufacturer .-"^-Bight-y -^.-inUUigenc* .€-- -Juatiee court - ^manufactory . -'^fTBlghlily - JT.inUUigent _j^- -jurisdiction C>— nark Klchigsn ._~5-intemgentl7 _^_ jurisdictional C^ larked '-0 Kisses ..T..inUnigi\>U - C'- -Jurisprudence aarket-ed C-^- .'_I--Bistake --J- Blatakan -/"-iBUUigibilUj kingdoa .CV.Haryland .-x^-inUnd-ed .^--\ -kB«» ./r.Uasaachusetts _1C -Bonth WORDSIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS 163 -C^--m»r* _^-^--L«ll -/. objtctoil 1 or if I -^ nnuDt . .'r/. Jiobodf . -*_objoclloii or of Kr BO otiior -6/.obj.cti». -^.orotor ,-_, . Aowhoro .^. JO «/ of -^'-ofit y--ot Ihr — ordir!/ C-' . - . , -North Ctrolino -J. ji'.Ua . - -OrdiDtTf rH- North D»kot« .-l-Cti ordinarily .^^ ^ibriil* nnrthoi*! .<_ 0. K. . opg»a n«(laet-«d n(Ucttul ^oflgligsac* CDtgligeot "i^.oorthoisler . _J_j»orttotslerl/ . --| Qorthooatora Dortrtorn c -C-^-on-.y - - - orgftoie - -. -orginit* T . org*«ii«r orj«ni« •— -^ntgoliit* -T'-norlh»»i» ..^.oc-ari ..-orgonlit ^'T oegolUtJl - tr.northaosl.r .^cm.-a ..'?lorigio.l-lj V— ^n»goll»tloa -*~-Borlb««!larly rvj-origlMlitj .^.n.r.r -V^oorlbMslorn /. .op«r»tor . Q . .otbtr "irr -otTcrtb*I*99 - -\ nothing . 7. ofportunily .'.-ought ■ , M* •BtWi .^_, rt^ -ootvitastuding _ 6_oppo« - _|- .outfit ->r|j,. Rup.bira -~^;;o7Mt.«r _/ — opposed _ |_ output - r^ Jlt» Jsriey .—f. -OOW _ « -opposition ^„.r ll» Uilo -/-- «uj.btr - «. oppress ..-otortokt-took Haw T»ar - ^-nmbtro* - /- ^jpproisod _6'_opfrojiiott . !..••• .x_^ DM Tork - l.-O _«|-OMl w^ Urn Tork Clt/ -^-objocl I ._^-own 164 WOKDSIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS WOBOSICXS ASD COJTTRACTIOJfS 165 166 WORDSIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS ._/?. jubj«cled .(|..th«nkful-ly . _/ thousand Ji^. .transgressed -C^ -subjection .-(. .thankfulness _ (1 .thousandth tf-5 .transgression -C^ _BUbj«ctiT« iufficient ../. .Ihanklessnesa . .*- -that _<..thus - r_ -till ..(/..twelfth ..C..t.el„ ._ .sufficiently . __ -sufficiency ./. -that thr ..'..the - /- -to _/- -to be . . /- .two -t- .unconsidered - (f. -super inter.d .-^. .the first - <^. .to have - W'-under ■ - ^. .superintended .(-.the other -/..to have been „t^.. undertake - - t/_ -supepintendent ..(. the« - r. .told -s-j- jindertaken _ *^_superintendency ..(j.themselves - . /-too _»-j -Undertook . - -< jupporl -^.-thereafter to thp _ .r;i'_ur.derstand .-^ -suppress . _C_therefore ..^-to gather _*;^ under standing _?_ .suppressed _().. thereof — -together ..>f— understood -^_..„»,a«a S^. .thereto /--^.^tocorrow 2r-\ unexampled ..L.... .-C-thoretofore _1.. to ward . ./T.uneipectad . surprised _C.-they are -T- -tranaact-ed -T-, Iransactioo /J^ -unexplored "teken up. -/J. - _ ._<..they had S.P-.nnlted States Jo__te;lMer.t they .oulJ ^7- -transcribe -^-unles. jv^ .testamentary _«_ -they have .?^ -transcription . .'. -until ...i .testify ._C -they .ill . -d_transfer-»d . -f/.upoa ..-^.testified .^t'-thing _d- .transference . A. -upward . i~N .testinony _(- -think j- -transform -)-"• j-^^^ testiiaoniel -t-.thii _^__trBnsforaed --)-"" '— ' ,.b..Tei«s .4__thos. .i^.transfor„er .-y...t.i . _/ th«nk-ed --/--though .3-e_lransgress .--)_usefulne«a WORDSIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS 167 .-)..U5. (..rb) ^ - *- irbo bav» . Wyoain^ afed > /---.hM jeer .->].. Otih .r.».m -^ ..hoL-ly . yosre ..1. j«lidil/ _£'_•• will ool _ C _ >»ra width .■^^»i, iir -/^_..lHly .i^. ...re not . /T-.m .--j. .y.3lerd»f - ^-yet .>..!.. .^--Mslirly ^_..oo... ; .ilu.d ^-f 'itai Vlrgini« _' _»ith ( A _»ithil f .-._-Ub .11 ._n_jo» - r...your - -^^eg»t«bl« . .h«t . _/o_yoar« _ L _.b«l»»er A ..ilbin . ifCjoartelf r rtm _( _«itbocl . _J_.ilh«UQd _ /rfT^-youTielfe* c with whit ._/>i« tr.MdtDt . ^>'-«b«M»er „ _t_.iUiilood C we were, .---we would _ X .TirU. - /^^ _»here .L^ .ivr». were we, .-C.«re with -J - -«hcrcv*r .L«» witD««a«d 5 whet we, what , were, what would - Pr.tirluouilj - ^ -.bieh ./"--.ord . _ 3. Jiould we -f- -»hieh «• ^ _.ork O «ilh yon, with your .>'.irlu»l-ly . ^_.hich«T«r C _ _.ork«d were you, were .-O.-your, were yet . . /. _f oluol««r .^..irhUh Uvt _v:_.orld /^ what you, . what your - c^-'ol""""-/ _^J»hlch h«y» b«en ._C -worth would you, _-'7. .would your __^yCJiiluJiUr>lj _^_>*ich «ill . _ >. -would yet you, ._ij..yet your .)...» .-C-ii. ^1^ -wrench you were, - -O.-you would .^■^..sblneUn.^f. < ^- vbo*T«r _ y>L _»peiicb«d . writer « Sier-Borked words asd phraiei are fully considered eliewhere, in connectioo wilbUn forego Inc !>•*• APPENDIX This Appendix, and the Index following, should be delivered to the student with the List of Wordsigns and Contractions, in connection with Lesson XIL During the preparation of this Manual and Key, and for many years prior thereto, the author was actively engaged in court reporting, as an official reporter ; and, in such work, was accustomed to use expedients and short cuts not deemed suitable for presentation in a textbook, because of their in frequency in practice. If there should be found, in this work, two ways to write a word or phrase, such variance will be called to the student's atten- tion, in this Appendix, with brief reasons for choosing one, invariably, rather than the other. Thus the proper outline will be fixed in the mind of the student. P. 25, Par. 63b. — may he should be denoted by the word- sign found on p. 23. The outlines found in the partial lists, and in the complete list of Wordsigns and Contrac- tions, are the outlines the student should use, in the posi- tions there indicated. P. 27, 67 Key, line 2. — J^icksbu(r)g: r is omitted, in ac- cordance with rule afterwards presented. P. 27, 69 Key. — Ed: An initial tick, written to d, simply indicates that a vowel precedes the d, under rule after- wards stated. P. 29, 75 Key, line 5. — Company: initial dot denotes the prefix com. P. 51, 131 Key, line 3.—Higley: the /i-tick is best written upward, to k, g, n, ng, in writing a proper name. P. 61, line 11. — Pticumo(n)ia: last n omitted, under rule afterwards given, because otherwise the outline would be long and difficult ; and this shortened outline is sufficiently suggestive. P. 69, 172 Key, line 10. — advice: should be in third posi- tion. See Par. 165. P. 77, 193 Key, line 7. — Various (and) sundry: a phrase, from which and is omitted under rule later given. P. 77, 193 Key, line 8. — ur can: this hook, to represent we, is Graham-Pitman. In the First Edition of the Manual, this tt'-hook was taught, but omitted in this Second Edition, and the student is referred to pp. 56-58, Paragraphs 147, 147b. P. 85, 212 Key, line 6.— repute: should end with Yuh. 169 170 APPENDIX P. 85, 212 Key, line 7. — make-arrangements. This is a Pitmanic phrase, but the student is advised to write make in full outline. P. 87, 215 Key, line 2. — Harrison: written in second position, for reason given hereafter in connection with 222 Key. P. 89, 219 Key, line 2. — error: this should be written Poid-r-r. See p. 75, 189 Key, line 6 — an error. Two con- siderations should guide, in the choice of the best outline for a word: (1). Legibility; and (2). Facility — having in mind the primary word and its derivatives. P. 91, 222 Key, line 1. — Peterson, Harrison & Patterson: Harrison is written in second position, to avoid danger of conflict with Patterson. P. 95, 228 Key, line 6. — by their ozvn: should use two disjoined characters — Beethr and En. The author uses the form shown in 228 Key, following a rule of Graham- Pitman, but that rule is not incorporated in this Edition, because of its little comparative value. P. 99, 240 Key, line 1. — Railway Company: r should have the small hook; yet,- if one should write Rcler, expecting to write the word railroad, and finds the word to be rail- way, then the error, writing rlrw, instead of rlw, would not be serious. P. Ill, 276 Key, line 2. — furnished the. Frn is the author's wordsign for fiirnish-ed ; and, though the outline is not in the List, the student would do well to learn and use it, now that special attention has been called to it. P. 115, 286b., (6), line 1. — regular. Ar-Gay is the Graham- Pitman outline, but has no advantage over the full outline Ar-Gler, and the latter outline should be used. See p. 103, 256b, line 2. — regular, regularity. Whether the above designated variances were of the author's deliberate design, or otherwise, the special atten- tion here directed to them would greatly aid the student in the mastery of true outlines. *Star-marked words in the List may be considered now. *Attain, attainment, p. 157: placed near atone, atoneme)it, to aid memory to distinguish between the words in second and third positions. *By what, p. 158: simply a useful phrase sign. *For the purpose, p. 164 : a useful phrase. INDEX Page numhers, on LESSON lines, indicate last page of Manual and Key, respectively, to be delivered as necessary for the study of the designated lesson. Paragraph Numbers. LESSON 1: pp. 9 and 117. 1- 22 Key. 1- 7 General Instructions. 8- 16 Matters for Future Reference. 17 Arrangement of pages. 18 Second Position Vowels. 20 L, r, sh, upward to the right. 22 Eight Wordsigns. LESSON II: pp. 11 and 119. 23 \V, ch, j, p, b, f, V, downward, right-slant. 24 Shadmg. 25 Four Wordsigns. LESSON III : pp. 12 and 119. 26 Light Strokes, Right-slant, Distinguished. 27 Joining Consonant Strokes. 28 Second Position Vowel Between Strokes. 29 Joining Straight Strokes without Angle. LESSON IV : pp. 14 and 120. 30 Position of Strokes. 31 First Position Vowels. 32 First Position Strokes. 33 First Position Vowel Between Strokes. 34 Ten Wordsigns. 35 First Position Brief Wordsigns. LESSON V: pp. 16 and 121. 36- 41 Circles and Loops. 37 Small Circle, Iss. 38 Small Circle joined to Curve. 171 172 INDEX 39 Small Circle between Strokes. 40 Reading Circles and Loops. 41 Unaccented Vowels omitted. LESSON VI: pp. 18 and 122. 42- 46 Circles and Loops, continued. 42 Large Circle, Ses. 43 Small Loop, Steh. 44 Loops between Strokes. 45 Large Loop, Star. 46 Iss added to Ses, Steh, Star. LESSON VII : pp. 21 and 122. 47 Th, dh, t, d, s, z, vertical. 48 Third Position Vowels. 49 Third Position Strokes and Briefs. 50 Forty-six Wordsigns. LESSON VIII: pp. 25 and 123. 51 K, g, m, n, mb-mp, ng, horizontal. 52 Order of Vowels to Horizontal Strokes. 53- 55 Positions of Horizontal Strokes. 53 First Position. 54 Second Position. 55 Third Position. 56 Fourteen Wordsigns. 57 Diphthongs. 58 Seven Wordsigns. 59 Diphthongs Joined to Strokes. LESSON IX : pp. 27 and 123. 60 Rules set in Order. 61- 67 Positions of Words. LESSON X : pp. 27 and 123. 68- 70 Sign-names and Position-numbers. LESSON XI : pp. 31 and 123. 71-77 Vowels Between Strokes. 78- 79 Order of Reading Vowels. 173 LESSON XII : pp. 34 and 125. 80- 84 Joining Consonant Strokes. 85 Contractions. LESSON XIII: pp. 36 and 125. 86- 93 Ticks Joined to Strokes or Briefs. LESSON XIV: pp. 39 and 126. 93- 99 Phrase Writing. LESSON XV : pp. 41 and 127. 100-105 Circles Added. LESSON XVI : pp. 43 and 128. 106-111 Prefixes and Suffixes. LESSON XVII : pp. 46 and 128. 112-113 Omission of Of. 114-115 Punctuation. LESSON XVIII : pp. 47 and 129. 116 Initials and Proper Names. 117 Ticks Joined to Ticks. LESSON XIX : pp. 50 and 130. 118-126 Uses of S and Z Strokes and Briefs. LESSON XX : pp. 51 and 130. 127-131 Different Modes of Expressing H. LESSON XXI : pp. 54 and 131. 132-140 Different Modes of Expressing W and Y. LESSON XXII : pp. 56 and 131. 141-143 Brief W and Y. 144 Fourteen Wordsigns. LESSON XXIII : pp. 58 and 132. 145 The Way Hook. 174 INDEX 146 Small Circle to Brief \V or W-hook. 147 W in Word and Phrase Outlines. LESSON XXIV : pp. 61 and 132. 148-153 Brief W and Y in Vowel Place. LESSON XXV: pp. 63 and 134. 154-158 Hooks for F, V, N. LESSON XXVI : pp. 66 and 134. 159-164 Hooks for F, V, N — Circles and Loops, etc, 165 An Important Rule of Position. 166 Names of F, V, N Groups. LESSON XXVII : pp. 69 and 135. 167-172 Shon and Tiv Hooks. 173' Wordsign and Contraction Lists Postponed, LESSON XXVIII : pp. 73 and 137. 174-179 L and R Hooks. LESSON XXIX : pp. 74 and 138. 180-185 Vocalization of L and R Hook Signs. LESSON XXX : pp. 76 and 138. 186 Iss Prefixed to L Hook Sign. 187-190 Circles Prefixed to R Hook Sign. LESSON XXXI : pp. 11 and 139. 191-194 Ler and Rel Hooks. LESSON XXXII : pp. 81 and 140. 195-202 Lengthening Strokes. LESSON XXXIII : pp. 83 and 142. 203-206 Halving to add T or D. LESSON XXXIV : pp. 85 and 142. 207-213 Halving to add T or D — continued. INDEX 175 LESSON XXXV : pp. 87 and 143. 214-215 Vowel Ticks Joined. LESSON XXXVI: pp. 89 and 144. 216-217 R Preceding M. 218-219 St and Str Between Strokes. LESSON XXXVII : pp. 91 and 146. 220-222 Omission or Brief Indication of Words. LESSON XXXVIII : pp. 93 and 147, 223-225 Omission of Consonants. LESSON XXXIX : pp. 95 and 148. 226 Omission of Vowels. 227-228 Special Contractions. LESSON XL : pp. 97 and 149. 229 H- or \'owel-tick before Sp or Zb. 230-231 Disjoined Parts of Words. LESSON XLI : pp. 99 and 149. 232-240 Prefixes. LESSON XLII : pp. 101 and 150. 241-248 Prefixes — continued. 249 Com and Con Consonants fully Written — See Appendix. LESSON XLIII : pp. 103 and 151. 250-258 SuCixcs. LESSON XLIV: pp. 108 and 151. 259-268 Tick-lcngtli Consonants. _ LESSON XLV: pp. Ill and 152. 269-277 Tick-length Consonants — continued. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. *ov ai i^ Form L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 ^TNIVERSITY 01 CAUI^OKWIA AT LOS ANGELES A 000 571 358 i Z56 Sii3 2c