TIW; 
 
 OR, A VIEW OP THE ROOTS AND STEMS 
 
 OF THE ENGLISH AS A 
 
 TEUTONIC TONGUE.
 
 T I W; 
 
 OB, 
 
 A VIEW OF THE BOOTS AND STEMS 
 
 OF THE ENGLISH 
 AS A TEUTONIC TONGUE. 
 
 BY WILLIAM BARNES, B.D. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 
 
 SOHO SQUARE. 
 
 1862.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 k Y view of the English, as a Teutonic 
 tongue,* is, that the bulk of it was 
 formed from about fifty primary 
 roots, of such endings and begin- 
 nings as the sundry clippings that are still in 
 use by the English organs of speech. I have 
 reached these roots through the English pro- 
 vincial dialects and other Teutonic speech-forms, 
 and I deem them the primary ones, inasmuch 
 as, by the known course of Teutonic word- 
 building and word-wear, our sundry forms of 
 stem-words might have come from them, but 
 could not have yielded them. 
 
 The roots are the following, in which the star 
 shows the place of a variable voicing :f 
 
 * I call my view of Teutonic roots TIW, as the name 
 of the god from which the Teutonic race seem to have 
 taken their name. 
 
 f The best voicing with which one can supply the 
 clipping of the roots in reading is z, as Bing for B*NG, 
 since it gives to the root that form which is most usual 
 in Teutonic tongues.
 
 vi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 1. 
 
 B*ng. 
 
 H*ng. 
 
 Thw*ng. 
 
 Bl*ng. 
 
 L*ng. 
 
 S*ng. 
 
 Br*ng. 
 
 M*ng. 
 
 Sp*ng. 
 
 P*ng. 
 
 N*ng. 
 
 Spl*ng. 
 
 Pl*ng. 
 
 R*ng. 
 
 Spr*ng. 
 
 Pr*ng. 
 
 W*ng. 
 
 Sc*ng. 
 
 F*ng. 
 
 Kw*ng. 
 
 Scl*ng. 
 
 Fl*ng. 
 
 Wr*ng. 
 
 Scr*ng. 
 
 Fr*ng. 
 
 D*ng. 
 
 Sl*ng. 
 
 G*ng. 
 
 Dr*ng. 
 
 Sm*ng. 
 
 Gl*ng. 
 
 Dw*ng. 
 
 Sn*ng. 
 
 Gn*ng. 
 
 T*ng. 
 
 Sw*ng. 
 
 Gr*ng. 
 
 Tr*ng. 
 
 Squ*ng. 
 
 K*ng. 
 
 Tw*ng. 
 
 St*ng. 
 
 Kl*ng. 
 
 Th*ng. 
 
 Str*ng. 
 
 Kn*ng. 
 
 Thr*ng. 
 
 *ng. 
 
 Kr*ng. 
 
 
 
 Root-forms. 
 
 2. 
 
 The ending ng may become nk, as cr*ng, 
 to bend, gives crank. 
 
 3. 
 
 ng may become nge, as cr*ng, to bend, 
 gives cringe. 
 
 4. 
 
 ng or nge may become nch, as fi*ng 
 
 inch, p*ng, punch.
 
 INTRODUCTION. Vll 
 
 5. 
 
 ng may become g, as d*ng gives dig, 
 pr*ng, prig. 
 
 6. 
 
 ng or g may become dge, as pl*ng, 
 pledge; or as brig, rig, of the North are the bridge 
 and ridge of the West. 
 
 7. 
 
 ng or g may become k, as cr*ng, to bend, 
 becomes 
 
 8. 
 
 w# or k may become tch, as p*w<7 
 makes pitch, or as e?z'A<? of the North is ditch in 
 the West. 
 
 9. 
 
 ng may be lost from the root, and it may 
 form root-words by sundry voicings, as tr*ng, 
 try. 
 
 As long as the root-forms end in clippings 
 formed by speech-wear from ng, I should 
 call them roots; but when the final root-clip- 
 ping becomes one of another kind, I should 
 rather take the word formed by it as a stem.
 
 Vlll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 10. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 
 Many if not most of the roots form stem- 
 words by the ending ST. 
 
 P*ng, paste. 
 
 F*ng, fist, fast. 
 
 G*ng, gust. 
 
 Gl*ng, glisten. 
 
 Gr*ng, grist. 
 
 Kl*ng, cluster. 
 
 D*ng, dust. 
 
 T*ng, taste. 
 
 Tr*ng, trestle. 
 
 Tw*ng, twist. 
 
 Thr*ng, thrust. 
 
 H*ng, hoist. 
 
 M*ng, muster. 
 
 Wr*ng, wrest. 
 
 11. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 s, z. 
 
 This form of stems is made by an s or a z 
 clipping at the end of the stub root. 
 
 Bl*ng, blowsy. 
 
 P*ng, poss, n. to beat in water. 
 
 Kl*ng, close.
 
 INTRODUCTION. IX 
 
 gloss. 
 
 graze. 
 
 fuss. 
 
 fliz, n. to fly off. 
 
 dowse. 
 
 teaze. 
 
 loose. 
 
 mess. 
 
 slaze. 
 
 12. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 SK, SH. 
 
 These stems are formed by a clipping SK, 
 which in many cases has become SH. 
 
 B*ng, busk, n. bush. 
 
 Bl*ng, blush. 
 
 P*ng, push. 
 
 Fl*ng, flush. 
 
 G*ng, gush. 
 
 Gl*ng, glisk, n. 
 
 Gn*ng, gnash. 
 
 D*ng, dash. 
 
 T*ng, tusk. 
 
 L*ng, lash. 
 
 M*ng, mash. 
 
 Sm*ng, smash. 
 
 Spl*ng, splash.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 13. 
 M. Stems. 
 
 This markworthy stem-form, which is afforded 
 in its true shape by the West Frisian language, 
 as in the works of the old poet lapyx, is made 
 from the root, mostly in its stub-form, by an M 
 clipping ma me m, which holds the place 
 of the Greek /*, in ^ay^a, or men in the 
 Latin flu-men. 
 
 Ear, to work. 
 
 "Ear-ma, what works, 
 the arm. 
 
 B*ng, to be a bunch, ] - , , . 
 
 , Bes-ma, what is made 
 
 whence bass, &c. } f \ , 
 
 of rushes, a besom, 
 rushes. 
 
 . fBleo-ma, what shows 
 
 Brng, to show colour. < -, , , 
 
 [ colour, a bloom. 
 
 fBrea-ma. 
 Br*ng, to rise up. 
 
 P*ng, to beat. 
 
 Pr*ng, to perk. 
 F*ng, fell, to cover. 
 
 Fl*ng, to fly. 
 
 ^ 
 
 fPeo-ma. 
 
 [Poam, a pounding. 
 
 fPrea-ma. 
 
 I^Prim, given to perk. 
 
 Film. 
 c Flea-ma, what flies, an 
 
 arrow; thence 
 I Fleam, an arrow-like 
 I lancet.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 JFliz-ma, flizzoms, off- 
 [ flying particles. 
 fGea-ma. 
 [Game. 
 fGlea-ma. 
 [Gleam. 
 
 Gr*ng, to grind (the TGrea-ma. 
 teeth). [Grim. 
 
 [Dea-ma. 
 \Darn. 
 
 fliz, to fly. 
 G*ng, to go, act. 
 Gl*ng, to shine. 
 
 D*ng, to do back. 
 
 * u 3 I Tea-ma. 
 
 *ng, to reach or draw \ , 
 
 on. 
 
 < Team. 
 [Time. 
 JTrea-ma. 
 [Tram. 
 jThrea-ma. 
 [Thrum. 
 L*ng, to be loose or j Lea-ma, 
 moving. ^Limb. 
 
 f Meal-ma. 
 
 Mullom, soft, like 
 [ meal. 
 
 Tr*ng, to set up. 
 Thr*ng, to twist. 
 
 M*ng, meal. 
 
 T># u /Reo-ma. 
 
 K*ng, to reach out. < ^ 
 
 [Room. 
 
 fScea-ma. 
 s Skim. 
 [ Scum. 
 JScrea-ma. 
 [Scream. 
 
 Sc*ng, to strike off. 
 Scr*ng, to cry.
 
 Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 f Slea-ma. 
 
 en* i. i i Sloom, n. 
 
 Sl*ng, to be slack. < 01 ' 
 j Slumber. 
 
 I Sleep. 
 
 TT i i. n fHul-ma. 
 
 Hoi, hollow. < TT , 
 
 [Hulm. 
 
 fHear-ma. 
 \Harm. 
 
 ,. fSteor-ma. 
 
 btir. ^ 
 
 [Storm. 
 
 14. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 Ending in B, P, and F. 
 
 fbeever. 
 
 B*ng, < beaver. 
 
 [bob. 
 
 Bl*ng, 'blob. 
 
 P*ng, puff. 
 
 Pl*ng, pluff, n. a blow. 
 
 Pr*ng, prop. 
 
 F*ng, fob. 
 
 G*ng, gap. 
 
 Gl*ng, glib. 
 
 Gr*ng, grub, graff. 
 
 K*ng, keep, chop. 
 
 Kl*ng, club. 
 
 D*ng, dab, dip.
 
 INTRODUCTION. XU1 
 
 T*ng, tab, a strap or stripe. 
 
 rp - ftrip. 
 Ir*ng, I 
 
 [trap. 
 
 H*ng, hop. 
 L*ng, lop. 
 
 M # fmop. 
 
 *ng, < f 
 \rnob. 
 
 R*ng, rope, reef. 
 
 S*ng, sop. 
 
 St*ng, stab. 
 
 Sl*ng, sleep. 
 
 15. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 D, T, TH. 
 
 B*ng, boot, bait. 
 
 Bl*ng, blood, blooth. 
 
 P*ng, put, paut, n. to kick. 
 
 Pl*ng, plouth, n. to wade through 
 
 water. 
 
 Pr*ng, prod, pride. 
 
 Fl*ng, flood, fleet. 
 
 G*ng, gate. 
 
 Gl*ng, glide. 
 
 K*ng, cut. 
 
 Kl*ng, clod, clot. 
 
 Kr*ng, crowd. 
 
 D*ng, dit, dot.
 
 XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Thr*ng, thread. 
 
 L*ng, lowt, leather. 
 
 M*ng, mat, meet. 
 
 R*ng, rate. 
 
 S*ng, side. 
 
 Sp*ng, spit. 
 
 Str*ng, stride. 
 
 Sl*ng, slide. 
 
 Sm*ng, smite. 
 
 ~Wr*ng, write. 
 
 16. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 N, ND. 
 
 B*ng, bind. 
 
 P*ng, pound. 
 
 Pr*ng, prin, print. 
 
 K*ng, keen. 
 
 F*ng, find. 
 
 Fl*ng, flinders, flying particles. 
 
 G*ng, gain, gane, n. gane-way, a 
 
 gone or beaten way. 
 
 Gl*ng, glint. 
 
 Gr*ng, grind. 
 
 D*ng, dint. 
 
 Dr*ng, drean, to drawl. 
 
 T*ng, tine.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 XV 
 
 Tw*ng, twine. 
 
 L*ng, lunt, loon. 
 
 K/*ng, round, rind. 
 
 S*ng, sand, sound. 
 
 Sp*ng, span, spin. 
 
 17. 
 L. Stems. 
 
 B*ng, 
 
 F*ng, 
 
 Fr*ng, 
 
 G*ng, 
 
 K*ng, 
 
 Kr*ng, 
 
 Tr*ng, 
 Tw*ng, 
 
 Thr*ng, 
 
 L*ng, 
 
 E*ng, 
 
 Sp*ng, 
 St*ng, 
 
 boll. 
 
 pull, pelt. 
 
 feel. 
 
 frill. 
 
 gill. 
 
 kill. 
 
 kreel. 
 
 dull. 
 
 drawl, drill. 
 
 to tile, till up. 
 
 trill. 
 
 twill. 
 
 thill. 
 
 thrill. 
 
 loll. 
 
 roll. 
 
 sile. 
 
 spill, sprawl. 
 
 stool.
 
 Xvi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 . Sm*ng, smell. 
 Spr*ng, sprawl. 
 Scr*ng, scrawl. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 B*ng, bur. 
 
 Bl*ng, blear. 
 
 P*ng, por, n. a poker. 
 
 Fl*ng, flare. 
 
 G*ng, gear. 
 
 Gl*ng, glare. 
 
 Dr*ng, drear. 
 
 T*ng, tear. 
 
 L*ng, leer. 
 
 Sp*ng, spire. 
 
 Sc*ng, shear, scare. 
 
 From some of the primary stems, and espe- 
 cially from those that end in liquids, secondary 
 ones have been formed : 
 
 TT - , , fheal-ma. 
 
 H*ng, heal, <, , 
 
 [helm. 
 
 M*ng, meal, mould. 
 
 St*ng, sti, / stee P' 
 [step. 
 
 fscear, 1 f scearp. 
 Sc*ng, { 
 
 [shear, J [sharp. 
 
 m* * *n 
 
 T*ng, till, 
 
 W*ng, weal, wallop.
 
 INTRODUCTION. XV11 
 
 With each of the twelve root-endings the 
 root may take, at least, eight different forms 
 with different single voicings, and therefore the 
 root may take ninety-six shorter forms, or with 
 long voicings, or with diphthongs, it may take, 
 at least, twice as many, or 192 forms ; and then 
 again the B stems, with four clippings, B, p, 
 F, v, may yield four times eight, or rather four 
 times sixteen forms ; the D stems, with three 
 clippings, D, T, TH, would give twenty-four forms ; 
 and the M, L, N, and R stems would 
 afford four times eight, or thirty-two forms ; and 
 the stem-forms altogether might be eighty-eight, 
 or, in long or twofold voicings, 176 forms : and 
 thus each root in the fulness of the word-build- 
 ing, of which much is shown in our Teutonic 
 tongue, may yield more than 300 forms of root 
 words and stems without any compound words, 
 which I have not now under hand. 
 
 Then, again, some few of the fifty primary 
 roots may become other forms by change of 
 initial clipping, such as ch*ng, orj*ng, for k*ng, 
 and thus the whole body of more than fifty 
 primary roots may yield 15,000 root forms 
 and stems, of one or two vowel sounds, from 
 which, again, an almost endless supply of 
 words may be made by composition. 
 
 From this insight into the upbuilding of 
 English I perceive that the provincial dialects 
 b
 
 XV111 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 are not jargons but true and good forms of 
 Teutonic speech, with words which, if the 
 speech had grown into full strength in every 
 stem, ought to be or to have been somewhere 
 in the speech of Teutonic tribes, and many of 
 which are highly needful for the fulfilling the 
 wants of the book-speech. 
 
 It seems to me that through a knowledge of 
 the stem-building of English from its primary 
 roots we should win a more accurate use of 
 English words, and more correct definitions of 
 such words in our dictionaries. 
 
 I can hardly hope that in the out-working of 
 my new view I have not, in any case, referred 
 a stem to a wrong root, or a Celtic word to 
 a Teutonic source; but there are innumerable 
 cases in which I may be thought, mistakingly, 
 to have done so in oversight or ignorance. 
 
 As an instance of what I mean, I may take 
 the word frank, which I have referred to the 
 root fr*ng. Now a reader may say frank is a 
 French word, and was clearly taken from the 
 French franc. 
 
 Still I hold that frank is a Teutonic word in 
 French. The French language is made up of a 
 Latin vocabulary on a Celtic Gaulish ground 
 of idiom, with some Gaulish, and some Frankish 
 or Teutonic words from the Franks, the founders 
 of the kingdom ; and unless frank is by root a
 
 INTRODUCTION. XIX 
 
 Latin word of Latium, or a Celtic word of the 
 Bretonne language, it is a Teutonic one, as it is 
 found in the Teutonic languages. 
 
 It may seem to some again, that, by a little 
 thought and twisting of root-meaning, one may 
 show any word as a stem of a root of the 
 same initial letter. This, however, is not very 
 widely true, as I find I cannot make the root 
 k*ng own the word carry, and I conclude it is a 
 Welsh word. 
 
 But my view discovers many good coincidences 
 which, as far as they go, bespeak its truth, as, 
 for instance, it would refer the word plough, 
 (aratrum), topl*ng, and take it as meaning what 
 plunges down, (into the ground), and it would 
 take the Dorset name for the implement, sull, 
 as a stem of s*ng, and as meaning what sinks 
 down into the ground ; and it would take^re as 
 an R stem <Af*ng, meaning what takes up or 
 consumes. 
 
 Hardly anything could afford a clearer insight 
 into the primary formation of Teutonic speech, 
 and the close kindred of seemingly unconnected 
 words, and the harmony and one-groundedness 
 of the tongue, than the requirements of this view 
 of primary roots, that true English words, of a 
 settled likeness of clipping, should be taken to 
 be offsprings of the same root, until facts and 
 other reasons forbid them to be so taken.
 
 XX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Now by such requirements the word cringe, 
 to bend, should be from the same root as to 
 creak, as a door, or as a creek, an angular inlet. 
 Cr*ng means to bend, as a stick; but over- 
 bending of a rigid body will become at last the 
 act of breaking, and the sound made by a break- 
 ing body is the type of a set of sounds, croak, 
 crack, creak, cry, crow, &c. : and before break- 
 ing the stick would form an angular hollow, or 
 creek. 
 
 A mistake that we may be too ready to 
 make in etymology is that of taking sisterhood 
 for motherhood of speech ; so that when we find 
 an English word in the same or a like form in 
 Gothic, or German, or Latin, or Greek, we may 
 at once think that the English had it from the 
 other language, to which we may thus impute 
 the motherhood of it. Whereas both languages, 
 as sisters, may have it from the now lost mother- 
 speech; and if the words man and sun are 
 found in other Teutonic tongues, those tongues 
 only had them from our own source, some pri- 
 mary Teutonic root ; though we may still allow 
 that the word waltz, in that form, came to us 
 from Germany with the dance it names, and I 
 deem tempus in Latin to be as much an M 
 root of t*ng as is our word time. 
 
 Another source of mistake and confusion is the 
 little learning that mistakes old or provincial
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXI 
 
 English words for forms of others yet in our 
 book-speech, holding that the unlearned people 
 of the provinces are wrong, when they are quite 
 right. The word gar is a spear or javelin, and 
 a man knowing this would understand at the 
 sight of a garfish why it was so called ; but I 
 have, in a folio, a print of a garfish which is 
 called guardfish or garfish ; guardfish being a 
 correction of fishermen's bad English ! 
 
 Many are the cases in which names of places, 
 of good meaning in British or Saxon-English, 
 are corrected from the tongues of the Common 
 folk into nonsense, so that a bare chalk hill, mel 
 or moel, becomes a mill, and a stream Devilish, 
 which may be only the British Dival-isc, con- 
 stant stream, becomes too shocking to be named. 
 
 My view of the English roots has not taken 
 in all English words. Prepositions, pronouns, 
 and many words of other kinds, should yet be 
 brought for a trial of their kindred up to the 
 roots. 
 
 I am, however, willing to risk it in its pre- 
 sent form, which is full enough for my aim, the 
 showing of the formation of the English tongue, 
 and the purity of its dialects. It must stand or 
 fall by application to other Teutonic languages 
 and a wider knowledge of English which other 
 grammarians may bring to my pages, though I 
 have not taken it without glances at the Frisian,
 
 XX11 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 German, Dutch, Swedish, Gothic, and other 
 tongues ; and if it be true, it will lead to the 
 discoveries of the formation and kindred of 
 other speech-forms of man, since the true read- 
 ship of the kindred of tongues is grounded on 
 the sameness of their roots. 
 
 I believe that many of the Teutonic roots are 
 roots of Latin and Greek, and take p*ng, and 
 pl*ng, for instance, to have yielded the roots 
 and stems : 
 
 Pungo. 
 
 Plango. 
 
 Pango. 
 
 Planta. 
 
 Pingo. 
 
 Planus. 
 
 Pages. 
 
 Plaudo. 
 
 Pala. 
 
 Plecto. 
 
 Palpo. 
 
 Plico. 
 
 Pateo, &c. 
 
 Ploro, &c. 
 
 W. B.
 
 ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO THE ROOTS 
 AND ENGLISH WORDS. 
 
 B 
 
 Bl 
 
 Br 
 
 C 
 
 Ch 
 
 Cl 
 
 Cr 
 
 D 
 
 Dr 
 
 E 
 
 F 
 
 Fl 
 
 Fr 
 
 G 
 
 Gl 
 
 Gr 
 
 H 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
 K 
 
 Kl 
 
 Kn 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 316 
 
 Kr . 
 
 . 123 
 
 1 
 
 Kw . 
 
 . 205 
 
 20 
 
 L 
 
 . 147 
 
 24 
 
 M , 
 
 . 161 
 
 92 
 
 N . 
 
 . 119, 173 
 
 92 
 
 . 
 
 . 316 
 
 111 
 
 P 
 
 30 
 
 123 
 
 PI . 
 
 42 
 
 216 
 
 Pr . 
 
 44 
 
 229 
 
 Qu . 
 
 205 
 
 316 
 
 R . 
 
 . 179 
 
 48 
 
 s . 
 
 . 256 
 
 57 
 
 Sc . 
 
 . 271 
 
 65 
 
 Scl . 
 
 . 281 
 
 69 
 
 Scr . 
 
 . 282 
 
 83 
 
 Sh . 
 
 . 271 
 
 87 
 
 Sk . 
 
 . 271 
 
 129 
 
 Ski . 
 
 . 281 
 
 316 
 
 Skr . 
 
 . 282 
 
 69 
 
 SI . 
 
 . 285 
 
 92 
 
 Sin . 
 
 . 292 
 
 111 
 
 Sn . 
 
 . 295 
 
 119 
 
 Sp- . 
 
 . 263
 
 XXIV 
 
 INDEX TO THE BOOTS. 
 
 Spl 
 Spr 
 Sq- 
 
 St 
 Sw 
 T 
 Tr 
 
 Page 
 268 
 
 269 
 305 
 306 
 299 
 233 
 244 
 250 
 248 
 
 Thr 
 Thw 
 
 U 
 y 
 
 W 
 Wh 
 Y 
 Z 
 
 Page 
 253 
 250 
 316 
 
 48 
 192 
 205 
 
 69 
 256
 
 TI W; 
 
 OE, EOOTS AND STEMS OF THE 
 ENGLISH TONGUE. 
 
 NOTE. The small letters after the roots and stems, as 
 e, w, w, s, mean that the words are of the provincial 
 dialects of the east, west, north, or south; wi, midland 
 counties ; o, Old English or Saxon English ; JFV., 
 Frisian ; Ger., German, &c. 
 
 B*NG. 
 
 1. 
 
 be or to set up, bear up, or make 
 up together, as 
 
 In a bunch or mass ; 
 In a building. 
 
 From the primary meaning it takes that of to 
 bend up ; and, 
 
 2. 
 
 To bend up all round, to inclose.
 
 2 B*NG. 
 
 3. 
 
 To beat with something bunch-like, unless 
 it is another form of the root P*NG. 
 
 4. 
 
 To make sounds the type of which was that 
 of a hollow body. 
 
 NG. 
 
 BING, n. a heap or store. 
 BING-HOUSE, n. a store-house. 
 Bung, a bunch, botch. 
 BUNGERSOME, m. bunchy, clumsy. 
 Bungle. 
 Bangle, e. (of leaves), bunched up from great 
 
 heat or wet. 
 
 NK. 
 
 BUNC, Fr. a bunch. 
 
 BANK, a heaping up, a store of money. 
 
 BlNK, W.I 
 
 BENK, > a bench of sods, or wood, or stone. 
 
 BANK, J 
 
 Bunker, n. a window-bench. 
 
 NCH. 
 Bench. 
 Bunch. 
 
 BIGGE, s. a pap or teat. 
 
 Big.
 
 B*NG. 
 
 Bag. 
 Budget. 
 
 BIGGAN, o.~] ^ , ., , 
 } to build. 
 BIG, n. J 
 
 BIGGIN, n. a building. 
 
 BEE-BIKE, n. a bees' nest. 
 
 BIG, n. four-sided barley. 
 
 Beg, 1 to gather up by two acts, asking and 
 
 Buy, J giving of money. 
 
 DGE. 
 
 BOODGE, w. to mend a shard with a bunch of 
 
 thorns. 
 
 BODGE, m. to bunch up. 
 
 Badger, from the bag or pouch beneath the tail ? 
 BADGER, n. a seller of meal or corn, in bags, 
 
 on horseback. 
 
 BOWGE, 5. to bunch or swell up. 
 BUDGE, s. a water cask (on wheels). 
 
 K. 
 
 BUCK, w.l , 
 
 > to bunch up. 
 BOKE, n. J 
 
 BUCK, e. the breast. 
 BOUK, m. w.\ a pail, bucket, cask ; from their 
 Bucket, J first, bellied form. 
 WHIKL-BOUK, n. a churn. 
 
 CH. 
 Botch, to bunch up.
 
 4 B*NG. 
 
 BOUGH, n. 
 
 , , ,, , 
 
 -r, , a bunch 01 leaves. &c. 
 
 Bough, J 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 Bos, Fr. ~| i .1 v i 
 
 > a building, nut, shed, stall. 
 BOOSE, n. \ 
 
 Buss, n. to make up, dress. 
 
 BISG, o. I , . 
 
 ~ > a making up, occupation. 
 
 J * J 
 
 Bustle. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 BOSKJE, Fr. to gather up, assemble. 
 
 BUSK, w.~l an upbunching, or bunch of under- 
 
 Bush, J wood. 
 
 BUSK, w. to make up, adorn, dress. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 BAUM-EN, Ger. to rear, as a horse. 
 BEA-MA, what rises, thence 
 Beam, 
 
 f a tree, or its trunk. 
 Boom, o. 
 
 BAWM, n. to make up, adorn, dress. 
 BUMBLE, w. a large water-worn stone. 
 BUMMER, n. a carriage. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 B*B, a small round bunch. 
 BOB, n. a bunch. 
 Earbobs.
 
 B*NG. 5 
 
 Fly-bobs, of a machine. 
 
 BOB, s. w. a name of some insects. 
 
 Black-bob, w. black-beetle. 
 
 Bubble. "1 
 
 BOBBLE, j 
 
 Bubbles,"] 
 
 > mammae. 
 Paps, J 
 
 Pebble. ~| 
 POPPLE, w.) 
 POPPLE, n. cockle. 
 
 PUBBLE, e. s. full to roundness, as corn-fruit, &c. 
 Pip, of an apple. 
 
 LOLLY-POP, w. a knob of sweetmeat, a child- 
 lulling-pop. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 B. E. V. 
 
 Beever, 1 bunches of brushwood under a 
 BEAVER, w.) hedge. 
 Beaver, the building animal. 
 BAVEN, w. a brushwood faggot. 
 BAPF-ended, n. blunted. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 D. T. 
 
 B*D. What upbears, an upholding or under- 
 bearing surface. 
 
 " Fen dear Sinne uwt't bod, op weck't," Fr. 
 
 " From where the sun out from the earth 
 (ground line) upwakes."
 
 6 B*NG. 
 
 BOD-MA,"] ... .. 
 
 . > what bears up, the grounding. 
 
 BOJ-MA, what bears up, bosom. 
 
 Body. 
 
 Bed. 
 
 "I to pare the turf, betting, beat- 
 BETT-BURN, n. , , ,. & . . 
 
 -r, ^ , > ing, or boddmo;, with a 
 
 Beat-burn, w. , , fo , , 
 
 J breast-plough, and burn it. 
 
 B*T, Fr. Butt, Bott, what is bunchy, thick, and 
 
 blunt, stumpy, or flat-ended. 
 Butt-end of a thing. 
 Buttock. 
 Butt, of a tree. 
 Butt, a cask. 
 
 BUTTE, Byt, o. a flagon, or cask. 
 Bottle, a little butt. 
 Bottle, a little butt, of hay. 
 Butt, to kneel on. 
 Butt, to shoot at. 
 
 BUT, w. a salmon-trap in the river Parret. 
 BOT, BOTT, (of the bot fly). 
 Butter-fly. 
 Butterwort. 
 
 ADDERSBOT, the dragon-fly. 
 BOTJE, Fr. to bud. 
 Bud. 
 
 BUDDY, n. bud or bur of burdock. 
 Buttens, the burs or knobs of a deer's head. 
 Bit? 
 Buttal, s. a bittern ?
 
 B*NG. 7 
 
 D. Stems. 
 D. T. 
 
 BET-AN, 0.^ to make up, full or big, as from a 
 
 BEET, J deficiency. 
 
 Bait, (a horse), to give him food. 
 
 Bait, (a fire), put on fuel. 
 
 BAIT, e. s. a luncheon. 
 
 BATED, s. plump, as a fish. 
 
 BATING with child, n. pregnant. 
 
 Battels, (Oxford), food ? 
 
 Batten, to grow fat. 
 
 BEET-NEED, n. to help in need. 
 
 Beet-root. 
 
 Boot/1 a " pound to boot," a pound to make 
 
 BOT, / up. 
 
 Fyr-bot, ^ an allowance, or a making up to 
 
 Fire-boot,J tenants or serfs, of fuel. 
 
 CROSS-BATED, n. cross-grained as wood. 
 
 I what is built or made up. 
 Booth,/ 
 
 Bet, a store, or stake of money. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 BOUN, n. w. to make up, dress. 
 BOWN, e. bunched up, swelled. 
 Bind, to make up together. 
 Band. 
 Bond. 
 Bundle.
 
 8 B*NG. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 BINS, Ger.~\ 
 
 pv f \ what grows in bunches, rushes. 
 
 BENNET, w. dry grass stalks. 
 Bunting ? 
 
 Bass, 1 ... i r 
 
 > matting, dry rushes. 
 BAST, n.j 
 
 BAN, w. to shut up, stop. 
 
 BUN, what is bent up all round. 
 
 BUNNEL, n. a dry hollow stalk, as of hemlock. 
 
 BUNNY, a drain of a hollow tree, or brick-work. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 BES-MA, o. what was made of rushes, &c. a 
 besom. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 B*L, what bunches, short and thick. 
 
 B61, bult, Fr. 
 
 Bulte, Fr. a lot, many, what is bunched up. 
 
 BOLL, BILLY, w. a bundle of straw. 
 
 Boll, of a tree. 
 
 BuLL-head, n. bunch-head, the miller's-thumb. 
 
 BULLACE, S.] i 1 r M j i 
 
 J. a kind of wild plum. 
 
 BULLEN, W. j 
 
 BULL-FIEST, e. the puff-ball, (Lycoperdon bo- 
 vista.} 
 
 BULLER, e. to become a big bunch, as a snow- 
 ball.
 
 B*NG. 9 
 
 BOLT, a lumpy body. 
 
 Bowlder, a roundish lump of stone. 
 
 BOLT, to bolt food, to swallow it in lumps. 
 
 Bolt, to bolt flour, to sift the lumpy part from 
 
 the meal. 
 
 Bolting, of straw, &c. one lumping up, a truss. 
 Balk, a lumpy beam, or stick. Hen-balk, n. 
 Bulk. 
 BELSH, w. to cut off lumps of dung, &c. from 
 
 sheep's tails. 
 BILDER, n. a wooden mallet to break lumps of 
 
 earth. 
 
 Build, to make up. 
 Ballast, what makes up a deficiency. 
 Bully, n. one gathered up with another, fre nd, 
 
 companion. 
 
 Beal, to come to a head, as a swelling. 
 PULK, e. a thick, chubby, fat figure. 
 PULKY, e. stout, thick. 
 PULFIX, w. a great fat babe. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 BORRE, Fr. a bur. 
 
 BORE, Fr. }. , ,,, 
 
 S a bubble. 
 BURBLE, J 
 
 Butter-bur. 
 Bur, of a lance. 
 Bur, of a stag's horn. 
 BuR-oak, w. a pollard oak.
 
 10 B*NG. 
 
 Burly, stout, bunchy. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 Bear. 
 Bier. 
 Barrow. 
 
 BAIRN, what is borne, child. 
 Birth, 
 
 __, f child-birth. 
 BARSEL, Fr. 
 
 Barren. 
 Burden. 
 BEER, o. what is borne by growth, as fruit, a 
 
 berry or grain. 
 Berry. 
 
 Beer, what is made of berries or grain. 
 Barn. 
 
 BEER, n. a kind of barley. 
 BERRY, n. to thrash out grain or berries. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 BEAR-MA, what bears, the lap or bosom. 
 BARM-SKIN, n. a smith's leatheren apron, a 
 
 bosom or lap-skin. 
 
 Barm, what is borne by beer or made of beer. 
 Berm, the foot or bearing of a wall to bear it 
 
 from slipping into the ditch. 
 
 From the primary meaning of B*NG, to 
 bunch up, the root takes that of to bend up.
 
 B*NG. 11 
 
 BUG-AN, 0.1 , , 
 
 ] to bend. 
 BUG, e. J 
 
 BEAG, o. a ring. 
 BOG, what bends ? 
 
 DGE. 
 Badge, at first a ring or band. 
 
 K. 
 
 BUCKER, what bends, a horse's hind leg, a bent 
 
 bar to hang carcases on. 
 Buckle, at first round ; what is bent, as horns 
 
 of a cow. 
 Back, the bending part of the body. 
 
 Beck 1 
 
 > to bend the neck or head, nod. 
 Beckon,J 
 
 Beck, n. a bending stream ? 
 
 Beak, a bent bill ? 
 
 BuCKY-cheese, w, that will bend without break- 
 ing, tough. 
 
 most likely a roll. What was bent or 
 rolled, as writings at first were. 
 Some say it is from Boc, a beech ; 
 
 T , ' \ and Captain Shelton found the bark 
 of the silver birch commonly used 
 as paper by the people of some dis- 
 tricts of Asia towards India; but,
 
 12 B*NG. 
 
 -r, , fmay be so called as the wood for bend- 
 
 Boc, 0.1 / . . 
 
 i3 u \ in S m * staves, or making bucs, or 
 
 A->CCC.D. I , 
 
 L water vessels. 
 Buck-wheat, beech wheat. 
 BITCH ? n. a, tool for extracting bore rods when 
 
 they break off. 
 BAUCH, n. bending, frail. 
 
 T, ., J> > the handle of a bucket, scythe, &c. 
 Bail, J 
 
 Bight, the inner bending of a curve, as of a bay, 
 
 a rope, &c. 
 Bay-window. 
 Bow. 
 
 To bow. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 BEZZLE, e. to bend back or blunt the edge of a 
 blade. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 BAELG, o. belly. 
 
 To bulge. 
 
 Bilge, a ship's belly. 
 
 Belly. 
 
 BELLY, n. the body or trunk. 
 
 Billow. 
 
 Bellows, (at first skin bags). 
 
 Bolle, Fr. round, the head. 
 
 Bowl.
 
 B*NG. 13 
 
 Ball. 
 
 Bolster. 
 Bell? 
 
 N. Stems. 
 Bend. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 To bend up all round, or inclose. 
 BARKEN, w. an inclosed yard. 
 Bark, of a tree. 
 
 [ n. covered with hardened dirt. 
 BARKLED,J 
 
 ' > a covered or weather-screened boat ? 
 Barge,] 
 
 BARTH, s. an enclosed yard for shelter to cattle. 
 Borough, a stronghold, castle, thence a castle 
 
 town. 
 BORROUGH, w?. an enclosure of wattles, or 
 
 hurdles for lewth. 
 Bury. 
 Borrow, to take with promise or security of 
 
 restitution. 
 Bargain, buying with security of writing or 
 
 word. 
 Barrow, a burial mound. 
 
 From B*NG to curve up all round or be 
 hollow, come a set of words for sounds like 
 those of hollow things.
 
 14 
 
 B*NG. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 BEAL, n."\ 
 BELG, w. > 
 Bellow. J 
 
 BELLOCK, w.~\ , ,,; 
 
 > to bellow. 
 BULLOCK, e. J 
 
 Bull? 
 Bullock ? 
 Belch. 1 
 BELK, n.f 
 Bawl. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 BEERJE, Fr. to growl, grunt, thence 
 
 Bear. 
 
 Boar. 
 
 To bark. 
 
 As the root B*NG means to make or form up 
 a building, so it means to make or form up the 
 land for a crop. 
 
 Abide. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 Bower, "] . . 
 
 -r, / > a little room, a cottage. 
 
 BUR, o.J 
 
 Boor, a land-tiller, or dweller. 
 BOORLY, n. rough, boorish ? 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Husband, (Husbuend), a housedweller, or land- 
 tiller.
 
 B*NG. 15 
 
 BOON, n. tilth service of a tenant to the lord of 
 
 the land. 
 Bumpkin, (Buendkin), a boor. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 BOEL, Fr. an abode. 
 
 BOILING, w. " all the boiling of them," all the 
 
 household or population. 
 
 Bay, "1 a division between beams, &c. of a 
 
 BOEY, Fr. J building. 
 
 The root, B*NG, meaning to beat, with some- 
 thing bunchy, yields 
 
 Bang. 
 
 TT 
 
 Buck, to wash, seems to have come from this 
 root, as washing was formerly beating with 
 the wash-bat, the golch-bren of the Welsh, 
 and the Battrel or Batlet of the north. 
 
 Book of clothes. 
 
 Bicker, to beat or fight lightly. 
 
 CH. 
 BUTCH, n. to strike dead, or kill an animal. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Baste. 
 Baist.
 
 16 B*NG. 
 
 BASTE, n. to strike a tar- mark on sheep. 
 
 BUIST, n. "I 
 
 BUEST, n. > a sheep mark. 
 
 BUST, n. J 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 B*sc, to strike against. 
 
 BUSK, w. (of quarrelling women), to run up 
 
 against one another. 
 Bush, in machinery. 
 Box, (BoKs), to strike with the fist. 
 BASKING, e. a beating, or a pelting with rain. 
 BASK,~! in the sun ; (of animals) to strike about 
 BUSK,/ their limbs ? 
 
 BOSKY, s. tipsy so as to strike about the limbs. 
 PASH, to strike, beat up, beat as heavy rain. 
 Beat to a PASH, n. to beat up to a mash or 
 
 batter, thence 
 PASH, brains, and 
 MAD-PASH, mad brains. 
 BOSH. 
 Bash, abash, struck back from action, through 
 
 shame. 
 
 Bashful, readily struck back from action. 
 Baze, n. to confound, puzzle. 
 
 -B. Stems. 
 
 B. E. V. 
 
 Buff, to strike.
 
 B*NG. 17 
 
 Buffer. 
 
 Buffet, a fist-blow. 
 
 Buffet, to box, beat. 
 
 BOFFLE, to strike about (as the wind). 
 
 BUFFLE. "] # 
 
 Baffle. J 
 
 BUFFLE, e. to handle a thing clumsily, knock 
 
 it about. 
 
 BEVEL, n. to strike against. 
 BIVER, w. "I 
 BEVER, n. \ to shake. 
 BIBBER, w.\ 
 
 T. Stems. 
 D. T. 
 
 BUWTSJE, Fr. to knock, strike. 
 
 Beat. 
 
 Battle. 
 
 Bat. 
 
 Bite? 
 
 BATTLE, n.~\ , , , ,. 
 
 to keep beating. 
 BITTLE, H. J 
 
 BATTLiNG-stone, a washer's stone to beat linen 
 on. 
 
 BATTRIL, n.~] , , , , ,. .,, 
 
 T, a wash-bat to beat linen with. 
 
 BATLET, J 
 
 Batter, to beat roughly, to bruise. 
 
 * From the same root come Bam, Boozle, and Bam- 
 boozle, to beat about, figuratively. 
 C
 
 18 B*NG. 
 
 Bout, one beating. 
 
 Butt. 
 
 Beetle. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 BANA, what strikes dead,, a slayer, thence 
 
 Bane. 
 
 BUNT, w. to strike as a ram. 
 
 Bounce. 
 
 Bonce, w. a big striking marble. 
 
 B**N, 1 to tread or beat out a way or 
 
 BAAN, Fr. J track. 
 
 BANE-road, n. a beaten road. " This is the 
 banest road." 
 
 BAMBLE, e. to walk or beat the ground un- 
 steadily. 
 
 BuMBLE-footed, e. 
 
 Banter, to brow-beat. 
 
 Bunting ? 
 
 E. Stems. 
 BIRRE, 
 
 a stroke of might, force. 
 
 BER, n. a leap before running. 
 
 BOURD, n. 1 , . , , , i 
 
 * > to jest, banter, brow- beat. 
 BOART, Fr.} 
 
 From B*NG, with the meaning Bang may 
 come buss, from the sound of a striking. 
 
 Buss, a kiss.
 
 B*NG. 19 
 
 Buss, Fr. a gun. 
 
 Blunderbuss. 
 
 Arquebuss. 
 
 The following root seems to be British. 
 
 B*G. 
 
 BWG, JBr.~\ ... 
 
 > a goblin. 
 Bo, J 
 
 BOGGART, i 
 
 BOGGARD, , r 
 
 )- a goblin. 
 BOGGLE, 
 
 BOGLE, J 
 Bug-bear, "1 
 
 SCAREBDG, , ,. 
 
 ^ \ a goblin. 
 
 GALLY-BAGGER, w. | 
 
 BULBAGGER, W. J 
 
 Bug, quasi the night or bed-goblin. 
 
 B*S. 
 An odd root. 
 
 BASU, o. purple, red. 
 BAS-MA, what is purple, red. 
 BAZZOM-cheek, w. coarsely red in the cheeks. 
 BIZON, n. a sight of disgrace. 
 BIZONT (Pegge). 
 BEEZEN, n. blind.
 
 20 
 
 BL*NG. 
 
 TO cast or show light, or any colour or hue, 
 and thence its stems are used severally 
 for most colours, and even black and white. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Blank. 
 
 Blanket, an undyed white woollen sheet. 
 
 BLANKER, w. a spark of fire. 
 
 BLENKS, s. embers, ashes. 
 
 BLENKY, to snow with blanks, or a few small 
 
 flakes. 
 Blink, to take or give strokes of light. 
 
 CH. 
 Blanch. 
 Blench. 
 
 BLOGG, wJ\ to look red-faced with sullen 
 
 BLOG, w. J anger. 
 
 BLUGG, Fr. redly ashamed, silly. 
 
 BLEGEN, s. 1 U1 . c . a 
 
 a blam, a red spot of mflamma- 
 BLAGEN, Fr. }> 
 -,,, . tion. 
 
 Blam, J 
 
 BLIGH,") 
 
 BLY, I s. likeness. " The bligh of his father." 
 
 BLEE, J
 
 BL*NG. 21 
 
 K. 
 
 BLAKE, n. yellow colour. 
 
 Bleak, pale, or making pale, as bleak wind. 
 
 Black. 
 
 TCH. 
 
 Blatch. 
 Blotch. 
 Bleach. 
 
 5 > n. pale blue, red colour. 
 BLEE,/ 
 
 ,*> a bilberry, a blue berry. 
 BLAY-berry,J 
 
 Blow, to show colour. 
 Blue. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 Blowzy, red-faced, from work or other cause. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 Blush. 
 
 BLOTAN, o. to sacrifice devote. 
 BLOTAN, fond, Ches. devotingly fond. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 B. P. 
 
 BL*BS, shiny water bubbles, blisters. 
 BLOBS, BLEBS, n. bubbles. 
 Blubber, n. to shed blobs in weeping.
 
 22 BL*NG. 
 
 Blubber, what has blobs ? 
 
 Blab, to talk fast with blobs of saliva. 
 
 BLUFF, n. to blindfold. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 ' I what shows colour, bloom, blossom. 
 
 JL5LO&-MA, J 
 
 BLEA-MA, what colours, stains. 
 
 Blame. 
 
 Blemish. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 D. T. TH. 
 
 Blot, 
 
 Blood, what is coloured, red. 
 
 BLEIT,! ,, , , - , 
 > n. redly bashful. 
 BLATE,J 
 
 BLOOTH, n. ~) blossom collectively. " We've a 
 BLOWTH, n.J good blooth of apples." 
 Blithe, bright-faced, blooming. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 BL*N, to stop short or back, from light, colour, 
 
 &c. 
 
 Blinnan, o. 
 
 BLIN, n. to stop, to cease. 
 Blind, having the sight stopped back. 
 Blunt, with the sharpness stopped back. 
 Blunder, to act in a blind way. 
 Blind-worm, the blunt or unstinging worm.
 
 BL*NG. 23 
 
 Blind-nettle, the blunt or unstinging nettle. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 Blear, coloured with inflammation. In Fr. it 
 
 means clear, bright. 
 Blur, a stain or spot. 
 BLUET, n. to clear. 
 
 One set of stems of the root BL*NG means to 
 blow as wind, it may be so from some con- 
 ceived likeness of the motion of light and air. 
 
 Blow. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 fBlast. 
 [Blight. 
 Bluster. 
 Blister. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 Blaze. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 Blore, a blast. 
 
 And then again from BL*NG, to blow as wind, 
 we have another set of stems, for sounds the 
 type of which is that of air blowing through a 
 hollow body. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 BLATE, n.' 
 Bleat.
 
 24 BR*NG. 
 
 BLATHER, n. to talk nonsense; w. to cry 
 foolishly. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 BL**R. 
 
 BLARE. 
 BLIRT, to cry. 
 
 BR*NG. 
 
 TO bear a thing up or off. 
 To bear itself up or off, to rise in mo- 
 tion, or to stick up in direction, as a sprout or 
 prickle. 
 
 To bear off at an angle as twig from twig, or 
 as the parts of a body breaking asunder. 
 
 NG. 
 
 Bring. 
 
 NK. 
 
 BRANK, n. to hold up the head affectedly, to 
 
 bridle up. 
 
 BRANKS, n. a kind of bridle for a horse. 
 Brink, what rises. 
 BRANK, e. buckwheat. 
 
 NCH. 
 Branch, what rises off.
 
 BR*NG. 25 
 
 Brag, to bear oneself up proudly. 
 
 Brig, w.l , 
 
 - what upbears, as over water, &c. 
 Bridge, J 
 
 K. 
 
 BRECKEN, n.~] , 
 
 to bear up the head. 
 BRICKEN, n. J 
 
 Brook up, (of clouds), to draw together. 
 
 Brake, a bush. 
 
 Break. 
 
 BREEK, breech, breach, a breaking or bearing 
 
 off, as of the two legs, or of a wall. 
 BRACK, w. a breach, " without a brack or 
 
 crack." 
 
 BROOK, an outbreaking spring ? or small stream? 
 BROCKS, w. pieces, as of broken bread, or of 
 
 peat, or turf. 
 BRUCKLE, BROCKLE, Brockly ,Bruckly,Brickle, 
 
 Brickly, w. that is apt to break. 
 BROGGLE, BROGGLING, n. broken or rough, as 
 
 a road. 
 BROKET, Fr. variegated, differing or bearing off 
 
 in colour. 
 BROCK ? a badger. 
 Brook, to bear off, digest. 
 BRICKEN, to bridle or hold up. 
 Bracket, what bears up.
 
 26 BR*NG. 
 
 CH. 
 
 Broach, a spit or pin. 
 BROACHES, e. sharp thatching spars. 
 Breze, 1 , 
 Breeze,} the **** 
 
 Br**, what rises ; thence 
 
 Brow of a hill. 
 
 Eye-brow. 
 
 BRAE, s. o. a river bank or slope. 
 
 Bray, to break or pound asunder. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 
 BREAST, n. to spring or rise up. 
 
 Breast, what rises or bears itself up, either in 
 
 form or by breathing. 
 BRISKET, n. the breast. 
 BRUSS, 5. upstartish, proud. 
 BRAZEN, n, bearing up oneself saucily. 
 Bristle. ~| 
 BRUSTLE, e.] 
 BRISS, w. what rises, dust. 
 Bruise, to break asunder ? 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 BRAASK, Fr. to bear up the voice, cry. 
 
 BRASH, w. e. twigs. 
 
 BROUSE, w. cut brushwood, ends of twigs.
 
 BR*NGr. 27 
 
 Brouse, "] , 
 
 J- to eat twig-sprouts. 
 BRUTTE, e.j 
 
 BRASHY-land, n. overgrown with brushwood, 
 
 rushes, &c. 
 Brushwood. 
 Brush. 
 BRASH, n. a rising of acrid fluid from the 
 
 stomach to the mouth. 
 
 Brisk, "1 bearing itself up strongly ; hasty, 
 BRASH, n.J impetuous. 
 Brace, what bears up. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 BREA-MA, what rises ; a 
 Brim. 
 
 c BREA-MA, what rises in prickles. 
 I Broom. 
 | Bramble. 
 I Briar. 
 
 BRAMHS, Fr. gad-fly. 
 BREME, n. bleak, stinging. 
 BRUMP, e. as much (plunder) as can be up- 
 born. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 D. T. TH. 
 
 Bread, what has risen. 
 
 Breath, what rises. 
 
 BREED, w. the brim, as of a hat.
 
 28 BK*NG. 
 
 Brid,] , . 
 
 -r,. , > what rises or is borne up ? 
 
 Bird,J 
 
 Breed, to bear. 
 Brood.\ 
 Brat. J 
 
 ' > to bear by likeness, to resemble. 
 BREID, n.j 
 
 BRAIDS, n. what bear up, scales. 
 
 Broad, bearing off, wide. 
 
 Braid, to bear up together. 
 
 Upbraid, to bear up or check, as by a 
 
 Bridle. 
 
 BRAWN, m. e. (qui ascendit), a boar. 
 
 BRYTTIAN, to break asunder, divide. 
 
 BRIT, w. to bear up against, indent, make an 
 
 impression. 
 Brittle. 
 
 BROTT, n. broken or beaten corn. 
 BRITE, s. to fall off or asunder, as overripe 
 
 hops. 
 Bray. 
 BRATTLE, n. to make a chattering noise. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 BRENT, BRANT, n. steep, lofty. 
 Brent-brow, high forehead. 
 BRANTEN, bearing up oneself saucily.
 
 BR*NG. 29 
 
 Brunt, the bearing up, or onslaught of a thing 
 against one. 
 
 Many of the N stems of this root BR*NG 
 are applied to the act, to BURN, BEEN, it may 
 be because burning seemed to be a bearing up 
 or off of a body ; thence 
 
 Burn. 
 
 Brand. 
 
 BRANDIS, w. ~\ an iron frame for bearing 
 
 BRANDRETH, w. J things on the fire. 
 
 BRISSLE, BRUSSLE, n. to burn a little, to scorch, 
 
 parch. 
 
 BRANDER, n. to broil, grill. 
 Brown, colour of burnt bodies. 
 Brindled, rather browned. 
 Bran, the brown of wheat-grain, not the white 
 
 (wheat). 
 
 Brine, brown liquor. 
 Brimstone, burnstone. 
 BARN-GUN, w. a fiery pimple. 
 BARNISH, burnish, to give a fiery brightness. 
 
 BRUST, n.l , , . , ., 
 
 > a brand mark in cattle. 
 BRIEST, J 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 BRERE, n. to sprout out stiff, to prick up, as the 
 
 spere of grain. 
 BRAIRDS, n. the first sprouts of plants.
 
 30 P*NG. 
 
 Briar, 1 , . , . 
 
 ,, Kl f wna * sti cks up in prickles. 
 
 BREORD, ~) , , . 
 
 T> > hat-brim. 
 
 BRUART, Ches.j 
 
 P*NG. 
 
 1. 
 
 r I ^0 poke or push. 
 
 2. 
 
 To poke, pinch, or push up together. To 
 stuff in, or inclose. 
 
 3. 
 
 To take by a pinching or poking force, as to 
 pick or peck. 
 
 NG. 
 
 PONG, 10. 1 , . ., 
 
 > to strike, push. 
 PING, w. J 
 
 Pang, a stroke of pain. 
 PANG, n. to poke in, fill, stuff. 
 PINGLE, n. to keep poking or working. 
 PINGLE, e. to pick one's food delicately. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Pink-eyed, pinch-eyed.
 
 P*NG. 31 
 
 " By moanne in stierte eag pinckjen," Fr. 
 " By moon and stars eye-pinking," or " eye- 
 twinkling." 
 
 PINK, n. to contract the eye, wink. 
 
 NCH. 
 Pinch. 
 Punch. 
 
 POG, w. to thrust with the fist. 
 PEG, s. to thump with the knuckles. 
 Peg, e. what pokes in. 
 PEG-TANTRUM, e. a bouncing girl. 
 Pig, the poking animal ? 
 PUG, w. to pull, as to pug a rick. 
 
 DGE. 
 
 PODGE, e. to poke up, mix. 
 Podger, a dish for a mixture. 
 
 K. 
 
 Peak, what is of poking shape. 
 
 PAIK, n. to poke, pummel. 
 
 Poke. 
 
 PUCKER, n. a stirring of mind. 
 
 To peck. 
 
 To pick. 
 
 PICKLE, e. to pick or glean a second time.
 
 32 P*NG. 
 
 PECKISH, e. w. 1 
 
 PICKISH, J- sharp of hunger. 
 
 PICKSOME, 
 
 PICKING-HOLE,^ a hole in a barn for pitching 
 
 Pitching-hole, j in sheaves. 
 
 Pike. 
 
 JPEEK. 
 \PlCK, U. W. 
 
 PICKLE, e. a little pick. 
 
 Pickle, what is sharp to the taste. 
 
 CH. 
 
 POCHE, w. to tread or poke wet ground into 
 
 holes. 
 
 PUCKSEY, w. wet poched ground. 
 POOCHY, w. to poke up the mouth, pout. 
 POTCH, w. to poke or push suddenly. 
 Pitch, to poke down. 
 Pitch, (hay), to push it up to the loader. 
 
 PUY, n. a pole for pushing a boat. 
 PAY, e, to beat, strike. 
 PEE, n. to pinch or shut one eye. 
 PEED, n. blind of one eye. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Paste, what is poked or stirred ?
 
 P*NG. 33 
 
 Pestle, what pounds. 
 Post, what pokes up or in. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 PASH, n. to bruise, beat up. 
 
 PASH, n. what is beaten up as a batter. 
 
 Push. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 Poss, n. "1 to beat or poke in water. 
 PAUSE, nj to punch, kick. 
 
 POUSSLE, e.~] ,. 
 
 a dirty drab. 
 PUZZLE, e. j 
 
 Posset, what is poked or beaten up ? 
 p ' } to poke or push back. 
 
 i IIZZIG^ J 
 
 POUSE, n. rubbish, what is beaten up ? 
 POUSEMENT, trash. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 PEO-MA, what pokes. 
 
 POAM, s. w.~\ a pounding or to pound, as with 
 Pummel, J the fist. 
 Pump. 
 
 Dancing-pumps. Dance-beating shoes ? 
 PAMPLE, n. to poke or trample with the feet. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 Pop, (out), to poke out suddenly. 
 Puff, to push out suddenly.
 
 34 P*NG. 
 
 Peevish, soon in a pet, or sudden poking or 
 
 stirring of anger. 
 PEFF, n. a short puffing cough. 
 PiFLE, n. to pick or pilfer. 
 Peep, to pinch up or close an eye. 
 POBS, n. pottage, what is poked or beaten up ? 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 PUT, n. to push. 
 
 Put. 
 
 Pat. 
 
 Patter. 
 
 PAT, Fr. to kiss, fondle. 
 
 Pet. 
 
 PETMAN, e. a nestletripe, the youngest of a litter. 
 
 PET, a poking up or stirring of the mind. 
 
 PETTLE, n.' 
 
 Pettish. 
 
 POIT, n. a poker. 
 
 Pout, to poke out, as the lips, &c. 
 
 Paddle, what pokes or pushes. 
 
 PEDDLE, n.} to poke about at little jobs of 
 
 PIDDLE, w.j work or business. 
 
 POWT, n. to poke or stir up. 
 
 PAD, s. to walk. 
 
 PAD, Fr.} , 
 
 -r, ' >a, beaten way. 
 
 Path, J 
 
 P*T, to poke or push out, as foot or hand. 
 POTEN, Fr. feet, (of pigs).
 
 P*NG. 35 
 
 PAW. 
 
 PAWTS, e. feet-boards or mud-pattens. 
 
 PAUT, n. 1 
 
 PAUSE, n. \ to kick with the foot. 
 
 POTE, 
 
 POTTER, n. 1 to poke or kick about, to make a 
 
 PUDDER, f disturbance. 
 
 PUTHERY, PoTHERTji-. (of sheep), giddy, that 
 
 pothers or staggers. 
 PAUPIN, n. to walk awkwardly. 
 PAD, e. to beat out a footpath, as in snow. 
 PADDLE, to trample about. 
 Pud, w. the hand, fist. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 PUNN, POON, n. to kick, poke. 
 
 PEAN, n. strike, beat. 
 
 BUNT, w. to poke or butt. 
 
 Pound, to beat. 
 
 PONTED, s. bruised with indentation. 
 
 To pounce. 
 
 Pin, what pokes in. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 PEIL, n. to poke, strike. 
 
 PEEL, Fr. an arrow. 
 
 PILE, n. a blade of grass. 
 
 PEEL, s. a baker's wooden slice, used pokingly. 
 
 PILGEK, e. a fish-spear.
 
 36 P*NG. 
 
 Pile, what pokes into the ground. 
 
 Pole. 
 
 Pales ? 
 
 Pull. 
 
 Peal, (of ringing), one pulling ? 
 
 PIL-MA, o. 
 
 Pilm, w. dust, > what is pounded or beaten up. 
 
 Pillum, w. dust,J 
 
 PELT, w. an up-poking or stirring of passion. 
 
 POLT, s. a poking blow. 
 
 POULT, w. to poke off apples. 
 
 POLTING-LUG, w. an apple-pole. 
 
 PWLL. 
 
 A British root. 
 
 Pool. 
 
 PULK, PULLOCK, s. a small pool. 
 PELL, s. a large pond. 
 PELL, s. to form pools. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 PUR, e.~ 
 
 PURR, to kick, poke. 
 Pur lamb, w. a ram lamb. 
 Pore, to poke. 
 Purblind, poring blind. 
 PURLY, w. weak (short) sighted.
 
 P*NG. 37 
 
 PORRIWIGGLE, n. e. a poking waggler, a tad- 
 
 pole. 
 
 Porridge, what is poked or stirred up ? 
 Porringer. 
 Pert, poking or pushing. 
 
 P*NG. With the sense of to stuff in or inclose. 
 
 PUNG, Fr. a sack, purse. 
 PUNGLED, w. |hrivelled, as an apple, into little 
 pungs. 
 
 - NK. 
 
 PANK, w. 1 
 
 -r, } to pant. 
 
 PEIGH, n.j 
 
 CH. 
 Paunch. 
 
 G. 
 
 PUGGY, w. bagbellied, stout. 
 
 DGE. 
 
 POGE, a stuffing up, a cold in the head. 
 
 Poke, a bag. 
 POOK, w. the belly. 
 Pocket, a small bag. 
 Pocks, little bag-like pits. 
 POCK-ARR'D, n. 1 
 
 POCK-BROKEN, e. \ pock-marked. 
 
 POCK-PRETTEN, S. W.J
 
 38 P*NG. 
 
 Pucker, to sew in bags. 
 
 ' > bags or nests of caterpillars. 
 
 PUCKETSJ 
 
 POKE-CART, e. a miller's sack-cart. 
 POKE-DAY, e. a day for giving out to labourers 
 
 pokes of corn. 
 Pack. 
 PUCK-FIST, a puff-ball. 
 
 I 
 
 CH. 
 
 Pouch, a bag. 
 
 Poacher, a bagger of game. 
 
 Patch? 
 
 Pew, in a church. 
 
 PULE, n. a pew. 
 
 a stuffed or wadded jacket ? 
 PIE-JACKET, Fr.j 
 
 Pay, a sea term, to stuff a chink with pitch. 
 POSE, Fr. a purse. 
 PESS, e. a hassock. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 PEO-MA, what stuffs, thence 
 
 To pamper. 
 
 Pimple ? what is stuffed. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 Pod.
 
 P*NG. 39 
 
 FED, e. a pannier, hamper. 
 
 PEDS, e.~| . , 
 
 p > a pair 01 horse-panniers. 
 
 PEDDER, e. one who carries in peds. 
 PED-belly, e. ~\ 
 
 Poo-belly, e.\ , , ,, 
 
 -o.i 11 Y a stuffed belly. 
 
 Pot-belly, w. 
 
 PODDY, e. s. J 
 
 POUD, s. a boil. 
 
 Dung-pot, w. 
 
 Dung-put. 
 
 PAT, a hog-pot, s. a hog-trough. 
 
 Pit. 
 
 Pad,. I 
 
 Pudding, > what is stuffed. 
 
 Pie, 
 
 PEDDIK, Fr.~ 
 
 T,. , f what stuffs or fills, 
 
 xitn, 
 
 PATTICK, w. a pith brains, a simpleton. 
 Pate, the stuffed vessel ? 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Pand, "I . - 
 
 -r, > to put into confinement. 
 
 Pawn,J 
 
 Pane, a line inclosed space of wainscot, hay, 
 
 glass, &c. 
 
 Pan, what incloses. 
 Pan, to close up, join together.
 
 40 P*NG. 
 
 Pander.^ 
 Pimp. J 
 
 > an inclosure for sheep or pigs. 
 PENEN, w.) 
 
 PINNING, s. the low inclosing of masonry under 
 
 a frame of stud -work. 
 PINNOCK, s. an inclosed drain of wood, or brick, 
 
 under a road. 
 
 PINNOLD, s. a small bridge arch ? 
 PIN, of the throat, e. what closes the throat, 
 
 the uvula. 
 
 PlNGLE, W.I 
 
 PIKLE, e. > a small inclosure. 
 
 PINGOT, n.) 
 
 PIND, n. to pound cattle. 
 
 Pound, an inclosure for cattle, or marbles. 
 
 Pond. 
 
 PINPATCH, PINPAUNCH, e. a winkle. 
 
 PANDLE, s. e. a shrimp. 
 
 PENSTOCKS, s. a flood-gate for shutting water 
 
 at a mill-pond. 
 Punt? 
 
 L. Stems. 
 PEEL, w.^\ 
 
 Pillow, > what is stuffed ? 
 Pillion, J 
 
 In the sense of poking up or out. Pile of 
 velvet, &c.
 
 P*NG. 41 
 
 PIEL, Fr. 
 
 PlELKEN, Fr. 
 
 PALT, Fr. an outpoking rag or piece. 
 PILTERIG, Fr. ragged, miserable. 
 Paltry. 
 
 Poll > I 1 ' j i 
 
 p > ft head, what projects. 
 
 Poll, 1 to trim the head, to cut off the head 
 Pow, n.j of a tree. 
 POLLARD, w. ^ 
 
 POLLER, e. 
 
 -r, } a beheaded tree. 
 
 POLLEN, e. 
 
 POLLINGER, e. 
 
 Poll-axe, s. an axe for knocking bullocks, &c. 
 
 on head. 
 
 POW-HEAD, w.l a head-head, or all-head, a tad- 
 PO-HEAD, n. } pole. 
 TAD-POLE, a toad-head. 
 POHEADS, n. musical notes, quasi tadpoles. 
 Poll, to take heads, at elections. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 PAR, w. to inclose or shut up, as in the house. 
 
 PARRED, up. 
 
 PARYARD, n.} 
 
 PAR, e. I an inclosure for cattle. 
 
 PARRICK, w. I
 
 42 PL*NG. 
 
 PL*NG. 
 
 TO plunge or strike down or into ; 
 To plunge at or after a thing ; 
 To plunge or strike about. 
 
 NGE. 
 Plunge. 
 
 Plunger, a piston. 
 Plungeon, a sea-bird. 
 
 NK. 
 
 PLUNKY, e.~\ , ... 
 
 -r, > stout, plug-like. 
 
 PLUGGY, e. j 
 
 -r * > what strikes in. 
 PLOG, s.j 
 
 PLEG, JFV. 
 Plague, 
 
 DGE. 
 
 PLODGE, n. to plunge. 
 
 I to plunge through water or mud. 
 PLOWD, n.j * 
 
 Bludgeon.! 
 
 T, j > a striker. 
 
 Pludgeon,J 
 
 Pledge, a striking, (of hand in hand ?)
 
 PL*NG. 43 
 
 - K. 
 
 Pluck, to plunge for. 
 
 PLOCK, a chopping-plock, a block to strike or 
 
 chop on. 
 PLACE, Fr.~\ 
 
 PLECK, w.l > a spot, a place. 
 PLACK, n.j J 
 PLOCK, w. a small field. 
 
 The type of what are meant by these four 
 words with plague, seems to be the small 
 space or spot marked up or out by a blow on 
 a surface. 
 
 Stub roots. 
 
 Play, to strike about the limbs, &c. 
 
 PLAY, e. to boil, strike about. 
 
 PLAW, e. to parboil. 
 
 PLIE, n. fold, what strikes down. 
 
 Plough, what plunges, (into the ground). 
 
 SK. 
 
 p I to strike down horizontally hedge- 
 
 ' f stems in laying a hedge. 
 PLESH, w.) 
 
 Blash.J 
 
 Pleach, to strike in, twine.
 
 44 PR*NG. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 PLEO-MA, what plunges or strikes down. 
 Plum-line, a line plunging right down. 
 Plump-down, perpendicularly down. 
 PLUMP, w. a pump, plunger. 
 Plumper. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 PLUFF, n. a blow. 
 PLOTE, n. to pluck feathers. 
 PLODTH, n. to wade through water. 
 Plod, to plunge deep into business, &c. 
 Plight, a case which one is plunged into. 
 
 PLET, n.~\ . , . 
 
 T>| %. f to plunge in and out, a plait. 
 
 A lD.lt, 
 
 PLUNT, w. a striker, a big -nobbed walking- 
 stick. 
 
 Plunder, what is plunged or pounced on. 
 PLOUNCE, e. to plunge with a loud noise. 
 
 T 
 
 PR*NG. 
 
 put forth, in a striking form, to any sense 
 or to the mind as to 
 The feeling in upstickingness ; 
 The taste in sharpness;
 
 PK*NG. 45 
 
 The sight in prinking gaiety of colours or 
 clothing ; 
 
 The mind in mind-striking action, or up- 
 stickingness of behaviour. 
 
 - NG. 
 
 PRANG, w. finely clad. 
 Prong. 
 
 - NK. 
 
 PRINK, s. w. fine. 
 PRANKED, of divers colours. 
 PRANKING, n. proud, showing off oneself. 
 Pranks, actions, to show off. 
 
 PRINK, > n. pert, prinking. 
 
 PRONKJ 
 
 PROG, <?."] 
 
 Pry. J 
 
 PROG, n. \ ^ be gh to - k 
 
 PROGGLE, n.) 
 
 Prig, one who prinks. 
 
 PREGE, Fr. to point with the fingers or a stick. 
 
 PROGE, a prong. 
 
 K. 
 Prick. 
 Prickle. 
 
 PRICKER, n. a brad-awl. 
 PRICKED, s. sharp, as beer.
 
 46 PR*NG. 
 
 PRITCH, n. sour beer. 
 
 w. to prick holes, as in leather. 
 
 e. a tool to prick holes. 
 
 Eel-pritch, e. an eel-spear. 
 PERK, w. prinking, proud. 
 
 e. brisk, sharp. 
 
 PERK UP, to become brisk. 
 PERK, e. a wooden frame by which to put up 
 planks to dry. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 PREA-MA, what prinks, or is upsticking, or 
 
 sharp. 
 
 PRIM, e. the spindle-tree. 
 Prim, prinking. 
 PRIME, e. to trim up the stems of trees; to 
 
 prink up, as a man with drink, or a gun with 
 
 powder. 
 PRIMP, n. to be prinking. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 Proud, prinking, upsticking oneself. 
 Proud-flesh, upsticking flesh. 
 Pretty, prinky. 
 
 PROD, 1 , , , 
 > a brad -awl. 
 Brad, w.j 
 
 BRODDLE, n. to prick holes. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 PRIN, n. what is sharp, a pin.
 
 F*NG. 47 
 
 PKIN-COD, n. a pin-cushion. 
 PKIN-COX, n. pert, lively fellow. 
 Print, primarily to prick. 
 Prune, to prink up trees. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 Prilled, sour, sharp. 
 
 F*NG. 
 
 1. 
 
 take, seize ; 
 To handle in any way. 
 
 2. 
 
 To snatch itself off. 
 
 3. 
 
 To do many kinds of limb actions, of taking 
 or seizing, or handling, as to fetch, feel, fidget, 
 fight, &c. 
 
 4. 
 
 To take in a space or a body.
 
 48 F*NG. 
 
 NG. 
 
 ^f " J I what takes. 
 Finger,] 
 
 FANG, w. to take tight and bind up a wounded 
 
 limb, to stop the bleeding. 
 FANG, w. to get or earn money. 
 Fangle, to take a new thing or fashion. 
 
 -NK. 
 
 FUNK, e. what is caught by fire, touchwood, 
 
 what is taken in by the smell. 
 -P, , fa taking, a being seized with a 
 
 J violent anger, or other strong 
 
 V EATH, W, I ff 
 
 [ feeling. 
 Fingle, n. to take, entangle. 
 
 Feague, to take in hand for correction. 
 FOGGER, n. a handler, a wandering chapman. 
 Petty-fogger, a handler of small wares, or small 
 
 jobs. 
 Faggot, a taking up or binding, as of wood. 
 
 P, ^' to handle, work. 
 FEG, .J 
 
 FOGY, a fidgety man. 
 
 FUG, Fr. shy, snatching itself away. 
 
 Fowl, (Fugel), a bird.
 
 F*NG. 
 
 49 
 
 DGE. 
 
 , . , , ,, 
 a thick bundle of a man. 
 
 FADGE, n. a taking up together, faggot, bundle. 
 
 FADGY, 
 
 -r, 
 
 FUDGY, 
 
 Fudgel, n. a bundle of a child. 
 Fidget, a snatching action of the limbs. 
 Fidge, n. to sprawl about. 
 
 K. 
 
 FECK, n. handlesomeness, activity. 
 FECKLE, n. to take, hold, entangle. 
 Fukes, n. locks of hair. 
 FIKE, n. a taking, a fidget. 
 FICK, n. to kick or strike about. 
 VOKET, w. to stir from place to place. 
 VEAKING, w. fretful, fidgety. 
 Fox, what snatches ? 
 
 Fitch, 
 
 Fitchet, 
 
 Fitchat, 
 
 Fitchen, 
 
 Fitchel, ^ 
 
 FOOTCH, 
 
 Fetch, 
 
 CH. 
 
 so called from its activeness, or its 
 catchsomeness ? 
 
 
 get. 
 E
 
 50 F*NG. 
 
 Stub roots. 
 
 FEO, o.l , , . 
 
 ^ > one taking, a small lot. 
 
 Jj ew, j 
 
 ts A good few," w. a good quantity. 
 
 " A few broth," w. a quantity of broth. 
 FAW-GANG, n. gipsies, and other wandering 
 
 sets. 
 
 Fee, what is taken. 
 FEW, n. to take (in barter ?), to take on, try. 
 
 From F*NG, to take, come several words of 
 foeship, which meant the taking or handling of 
 men. 
 
 Fiend. 
 Foe. 
 Feud. 
 Fight. 
 
 And also another set of words of fitness ; for 
 the word Jit is a D stem of f *ng ; and means 
 what is well taken by another thing. 
 
 FEAGS, FEEGS, Fr. to fit, to take well. 
 FEY, w. to do fittingly. 
 FEW, a fitting way of action. 
 FEWSOME, n. fitting, taking. 
 
 FADGE,! , 
 
 p > to take well.
 
 F*NG. 51 
 
 Fair, FAEGEB, taking, handsome. 
 FEE, FEY, n. to make fitting, to clean. 
 
 To fey meadows, to cleanse them. 
 
 To fey a pond, to clear it of mud. 
 
 To fey corn, to winnow it. 
 FETING, n. a making fitting ; also filth cleared 
 
 away. 
 Fain, (faegen), feeling oneself to fay, glad. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Fist, what holds or takes up. 
 
 I holding, or holden strongly. 
 
 FEST, n.j b J 
 
 Fast, in a snatching way. 
 
 FISTLE, n.] 
 
 Fissle, n. j to *** 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 VAZE, w. to stir the air in a room, by brisk mo- 
 tion. 
 
 VusTTN-fume, w. a wild stirring of anger. 
 Fuss, a taking, fidgety action. 
 FESS, ic. fussy. 
 FUSSOCK, a fussy man. 
 FIZGIG, a fussy gadabout. 
 FIZMEE, e. to fidget, stir. 
 FUZZEN, n. what is taken, food. 
 VUSTLE up, w. to cover or wrap up.
 
 52 F*NG. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 FASH, n. to teaze, to fidget. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 Feo-ma, what takes, feels. 
 Fumble, 1 
 
 F AMPLE, Fr. \ to feel, grope, to touch lightly. 
 FIMBLE, e. \ 
 
 FAMBLE-CROP, e. the first or taking stomach of 
 ruminants. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 FOB, to take in, deceive. 
 Fop. 
 Fib. 
 
 Fob, what takes in, a small pocket. 
 FArrLE, n. to fumble, take lightly. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 F*D, to take lightly, play, joke. 
 FAD, s. e. a frivolous joke, or play. 
 FADDLE, to handle lightly, dandle, play with. 
 Fother, what is taken at once, a load, a weight. 
 
 -r, > what takes, or contains. 
 
 Fact, o.J 
 
 T^ , > what is taken ? 
 Fodder,] 
 
 Fuddle. 
 
 Foster. 
 
 Feather, (see FECKLE).
 
 F*NG. 53 
 
 I rather doubt whether foot in the names of 
 some plants means afoot ; why should it in 
 
 Birds-foot, 
 
 Goose-foot, 
 
 Crow-foot, 
 
 Colts-foot? 
 
 Fit, | what is taken well with another 
 
 FET, n.j thing. 
 
 FITTLE, e. "I , ,. . 
 
 T-, > to make fitting. 
 
 FETTLE, n.j 
 
 VITTT, w. ~\ 
 FETE, m. \ fitting. 
 FETISH, o.} 
 
 FITTEN, w.~\ .. . , 
 
 TT > a taking in, deceit. 
 
 VITTEN, w.) 
 
 Faith, what takes, or holds fast. 
 Fetter, what takes, or holds. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 Faeth-ma, o. what takes in, a 
 Fathom, the ring taken in by the arms as clasp- 
 ing a tree. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Fan, s. to teaze, banter, beat. 
 
 Fan? 
 
 VINNY, w. a skirmish. 
 
 Fun. 
 
 Fawn.
 
 54 F*NG. 
 
 Fond, taken, captivated ? 
 Find, to take, get. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Feel, to take in by a sense. 
 
 FEEL, n. to smell. 
 
 Foul, (Ful, 0.), seems to have meant what gives 
 
 a bad stench. 
 Fulsome. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 FOLMA, s. what feels, hand, finger, or foot. 
 
 File, what takes by littles. 
 
 FELTER, n. to take, hold, entangle. 
 
 FELT, e. a tangled growth of weeds. 
 
 Felt, tangled fur, &c. 
 
 Fall, to take, or strike on. 
 
 Fold, to take in. 
 
 Fallow, to handle, work, (the ground). 
 
 Field, what is worked, the ground ? 
 
 Full, taken up, as room. 
 
 FOULTH, n.~\ ,,. , 
 
 -n > iulness, plenty. 
 
 FOUTH, n. j 
 
 Fellow, one taken with another. 
 
 FELLOES,"] , f ,, . 
 
 -p > what follow, or go on together. 
 
 Jj ELKS, 72. J 
 
 Follow. 
 
 F*L, to take all of a surface ; to hide, cover over- 
 
 FEILJE, Fr.
 
 F*NG. 55 
 
 FEAL, n. to hide. 
 FELL, to fell, the edge of cloth. 
 Fell, what covers, a hide, a skin. 
 FELLON, n. a hide-disease of cows. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 FEOL-MA, what covers, a 
 
 Film. 
 
 FELLOM, w. a whitlow. 
 
 R. Stem. 
 Furl, to take up or in, (a sail). 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 Feor-ma, 1 , . , f , 
 , > what is taken, food. 
 
 Feorm, o.j 
 
 Farmer, a foodman. 
 
 Feorma, 
 
 Form, > what takes or bears, a form, bench. 
 
 FOUROM, n.\ 
 
 Fire, what takes up, or consumes ? 
 
 Furze, what is readily fire-taken. 
 
 Fear, a taking or seizure of passion. 
 
 f to take, bear, carry ; price of being 
 
 ' |_ taken. 
 FARAND, n. ready for faring, a way of carrying 
 
 on a thing. 
 OLD-FARAND, old-fashioned.
 
 56 F*NG. 
 
 Ferry. 
 
 FERE, n. a farer with, mate, companion. 
 
 YARROW,"! a cow or sow going on over the year 
 
 FAR, Fr. J without breeding. 
 
 Fare, what are borne, a litter of pigs. 
 
 Furrow. 
 
 Furlong, 
 
 -r, f a measure. 
 
 FURLOT, n. 
 
 There are relics of stems of the root F*NG, or 
 a root, F*NG, meaning something of wetness or 
 dampness. 
 
 G. 
 
 Fog, wet, or dampness. 
 
 FOG, n. the wet-bred plant, moss. 
 
 K. 
 FUKT, Swed. moisture, dampness. 
 
 ST. 
 
 FOIST, e. -^ 
 
 FEIST, e. c ,. .,-, c 
 
 T, > fustmess, mildew from damp. 
 
 FlSTINESS, 6. [ 
 
 FUST, e. J 
 
 FEAUSEN, n. moisture, taste. 
 
 B. 
 FOB, s. froth, foam.
 
 FL*NG. 57 
 
 M. 
 
 FEO-MA. 
 Foam. 
 
 N. 
 
 Fen, mud, wet land. 
 
 Fenny. 
 
 FENNY, "1 
 
 VINNY, w. > blue mould (cheese) from wet. 
 
 VINNIED, w.\ 
 
 1. 
 
 TO go flyingly, as the air or a body through 
 the air, or flowingly as a liquid. 
 To fly, flee, spring about. 
 
 2. 
 
 Make flee, scare. 
 
 Since the surface of a liquid is flat or level, it 
 was taken as a type of what is 
 
 3. 
 Flat, or level. 
 
 This root, FL*NG, may be called the fluid 
 root.
 
 58 FL*NG. 
 
 NG. 
 
 Fling. 
 
 FLING, n. to throw, deceive. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Flanker, a flying fire-spark. 
 
 Flunky, one who flies on errands, at call? 
 
 NCH. 
 Flinch. 
 
 FLIG, e. that can fly, as young birds. 
 
 Flight. 
 
 Flag, what flutters, a banner. 
 
 FLEGGED, e.'] . 
 
 -r, > that can fly, fledged. 
 
 FLIGGED, e. J 
 
 FLIGGEK, to fly a little. 
 FLIGGERS, s. young fledged birds. 
 FLIGGERS, e. what flutters, the flag, Iris Pseu- 
 
 dacorus. 
 
 Flog, to beat with flying strokes. 
 Fleg, n. kick, a flying blow. 
 Flail, (Flaegel), what flies. 
 FLOUGH, n. cold blowing, bleak. 
 
 DGE. 
 Fledged, that can fly.
 
 FL*NG. 59 
 
 K. 
 
 FLACKER, n. to fly a little, flutter. 
 
 FLACK, n. to flutter. 
 
 FLECK, e. to hang loose, or flying. 
 
 FLACKEN, n. to beat the wings quick. 
 
 FLACKET, n. a woman with loose flying hair, or 
 
 apparel. 
 Flick, w. to touch with a flying point, as a 
 
 whip-lash. 
 FLACK, e.' 
 Flicker. 
 FLICKS, e. what is so light as to fly, the fur of 
 
 a hare, &c. 
 
 FLUCK, to flow about. 
 Flock. 
 Flax, what flies, light ? 
 
 CH. 
 
 FLEECH, n. to frighten, make flee. 
 FLITCH, e. to fly from place to place. 
 
 Flay, n. to fright, make fly. 
 
 Fly. 
 
 Flea. 
 
 Flaw, a flying asunder, crack. 
 
 Flew, for the flowing of air and smoke. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Fluster, a flurry.
 
 60 FL*NG. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 FLAZZARD, n. a woman with loose flying hair, or 
 
 apparel. 
 FLAZZ, e. 
 
 ... 
 
 FLAZZY, as oun birds ' 
 
 FLIZ, n. to fly off. 
 
 FLIZZOMS, e."\ what fly off, small off-flying 
 
 FLIZZING, n. J particles. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 Flash, what flies. 
 
 FLUSK, n. to fly out in anger. 
 
 FLUSH, w. that can fly, of young birds. 
 
 FLISK, n. to skip, bounce. 
 
 FLUSH, e. the stream from a mill-wheel. 
 
 FLOUSH, s. to make water fly by beating. 
 
 Flush-hole, a hole to take off flowing water. 
 
 Flask, a vessel for fluids.* 
 
 Flisk, n. to fret at the yoke. 
 
 Flesh, "1 what feels as a fluid rather than a 
 
 FLAESC, o.J fixed solid. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 FLEA-MA, o. what flies, an arrow. 
 FLIG-MA, o. what flies. 
 
 Fleam,! a lancet in the shape of an arrow- 
 Flem, / head. 
 
 * Several stems of the root y?*ng- are applied to vessels 
 for fluids, as flagon, flacket, flask.
 
 FL*NG. 61 
 
 " Wej freazje de flieme, meer as dy swolme," 
 Fr. 
 " "We fear the lancet more than the tumor." 
 
 FLIGME-GAIKY, a flying dressed thing, a gaudily 
 
 dressed woman. 
 Flimsy, flyingly, light, or thin. 
 
 Flam, | flyingly light talk. 
 
 Flummery, n.\ J 
 
 B. Stems, 
 iuid-like. 
 to beat the wings, &c. flutter. 
 
 Flabby, loose, fluid- like. 
 Flap,! 
 
 Flop,/ 
 
 Flip, to strike with a flying point, as a whip. 
 
 Flap, I 
 
 FLAFF, n. > to flutter, flap. 
 
 FLAFFER, n.} 
 
 Flipe, n. the rim of a hat. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 Flutter. 
 
 Flitter-mouse, flying mouse, bat. 
 
 Flight. 
 
 Flit. 
 
 Fleet. 
 
 Flath, w. dirt, flying dirt ? as from a wheel. 
 
 FLOTHERY, flimsy, flyingly light. 
 
 FLAUTEE, n. to be in a flying anger.
 
 62 FL*NG. 
 
 Flout, 
 
 FLOWT, 
 
 FLITE, 
 
 to be scared, scold, scare. 
 
 FLEEGT, n. 
 
 FLAAT, n. 
 
 FLETE, Fr. an inflowing, abundance. 
 
 Flute, what is blown into. 
 
 FLAY, n. 1 c . , 
 
 -r, > to scare, frighten. 
 
 FLAIT, g.j 
 
 FLAY-CRAW, n. scare-crow. 
 FLAYSOME, n. scaring, frightful. 
 FLOW, n. fleeing, soon scared. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 FLEAN, o. what flies, an arrow. 
 
 Flint, an arrow stone. 
 
 FLINT, Fr. a gun. 
 
 FLINDERS, w. small off-flying bits. 
 
 " He hit it all to flinders." 
 
 . 
 
 Flounce. 
 
 Flaunt. 
 
 FLUNTER, n. to be in flying haste. 
 
 FLANT-MA, o. what flies. 
 
 FLATHER-MA, o. what flutters. 
 
 Flantum-flatherum, a woman flaringly dressed. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 Flare.
 
 FL*NG. 63 
 
 Flurry. 
 
 FLARANCE, n. flurry. 
 
 FLEER, n. to laugh, or smile flirtingly. 
 
 Flirt, to flutter giddily about. 
 
 Flirtigigs, n. a flirting girl. 
 
 FLURCH, a flowing in, abundance. 
 
 FLURING, n. a brood. 
 
 FL*NG. 
 With the meaning of flatness. 
 
 NGE. 
 
 Flange. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Flank. 
 
 FLAHS, n. 1 , , ~ f , 
 -r, > top sods for fuel. 
 
 FLAWS, n.J 
 
 FLAG, e. parings of turf. 
 
 n. a square greensward once used for 
 
 thatch. 
 Flag-stone. 
 
 Flaughter, n. off-pared turf. 
 FLEACHES, s. the portions into which timber is 
 
 cut by the saw. 
 
 -K. 
 
 FLEEOK, w.] ,. , 
 
 , \ of bacon. 
 
 Flitch, J
 
 64 FL*NG. 
 
 FLEEOK, n. a flat surface of staves, or cords to 
 
 dry oat-cakes. 
 
 FLAKE, w. a hurdle, n. a rack. 
 FLOOK, a flat animal in the liver of cothed 
 
 sheep, also plaice or flounder ; the flat part 
 
 of an anchor. 
 Fleck, n. a spot. 
 
 Fleich, n. to smooth, or be smooth, to flatter. 
 Flay, to pare off a flat or thin surface. 
 Fleece. 
 
 s. 
 FLUZ, w. to flatten, blunt. 
 
 SK. 
 Flush, flat or level with a surface. 
 
 D. 
 
 Flat. 
 
 FLUE, e. shallow, thin. 
 
 FLEW, FLEU, FLUISH, n. s. washy, thin, as of 
 
 liquor. 
 Float. 
 
 FLET, s. what floats or is thin, cream. 
 FLEET, n. to skim off cream. 
 FLEETED, w. 
 
 FLIT, m. 
 
 > milk, skimmed milk. 
 FLET, e. 
 
 FLOTTEN,
 
 FR*NG. 65 
 
 FLEETINGS, n. cream or curds. 
 
 FLEX, cheese, skimmilk cheese. 
 
 FLEET, n. a flat bog. 
 
 FLEET, a channel filled with shallow water at 
 
 high tide. 
 Flood. 
 
 Float, to cover a wall with thin plaster. 
 FLOT, n. to skim or prepare grass ground for 
 
 burning. 
 Flat. 
 
 N. 
 
 Flounder. 
 
 FLAUN, n. a custard. 
 
 FLAN, n. broad, flat, shallow, thin. 
 
 Floor, what is flat, or level. 
 
 FR*NG. 
 1. 
 
 T 
 
 O be or make free or loose of constraint, 
 in motion, action, or substance. 
 
 2. 
 
 To fret, or chafe, by loose motion or action. 
 F
 
 66 FR*NG. 
 
 3. 
 
 To go off, be far gone. 
 
 FR*NG. 
 
 NK. 
 Frank, free. 
 
 NGE. 
 
 Fringe ? what is loose. 
 
 Frog, what frisks. 
 
 FRUGGAN, n. a pole to loosen about the coals in 
 
 an oven. 
 
 FRAG, m. loose people. 
 FROG-MA, what is loose. 
 FROGGAM, a loosely-dressed woman. 
 FROUGH, n. loose, weak, brittle. 
 
 DGE. 
 FRIDGE, n. to fret, rub. 
 
 K. 
 
 FRECKENS, e.^[ marks like those of frettings or 
 Freckles, J chafings ? 
 Freak, a free irregular action. 
 Frock, a loose garment. 
 
 CH. 
 
 VREACH, w. freely, willingly.
 
 ' FR*NG. 67 
 
 Fratch, n.} , _ 
 
 T-, > a chafing, a quarrel. 
 
 Stub roots. 
 Free. 
 FKOW, n. a loose slattern. 
 
 Though frow, frau, a lady, seems to have 
 meant a free woman. 
 
 FROWER, s. a tool for splitting off laths. 
 
 ST. 
 
 FRIST, n. to sell loose, or on trust. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 Frisk. 
 Fresk, n. ~\ 
 FROSK, n. > a frog. 
 FROSH, n.} 
 
 FRESHER, e, a small frog. 
 Fresh water. 
 FRASK, n. 
 
 Fresh, with drink, frisky. 
 Freshet, flowing, or overflowing water. 
 FRUM, w. overflowing. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 FRAZZLE, e. to unravel. 
 
 FRAIL, e. to fret, or unravel cloth. 
 
 Frizzle. 
 
 Frieze, a loose- woven cloth.
 
 68 FR*NG. 
 
 Frouzy, loose, flaring. 
 
 Fraze, e. to break or tear off. 
 
 FRAZE, of paper, n. half a quarter of a sheet. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 Fret. 
 Fritter. 
 
 Frittish, n. chafingly cold. 
 Froth, what is loose, or made by chafing 
 water, &c. 
 
 -r, * > an off-going ship's load. 
 FRACT, Fr.j 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 FREA-MA, what is loose. 
 
 FRUMPLE, e. to rumple, wrinkle. 
 
 FREA-MA, what is wide off, or loose from rule. 
 
 FREM, n. ~] f . 
 
 > foreign, strange, unusual. 
 
 FREM'D, n.j 
 
 FREA-MA, what is of loose particles or parts. 
 FRIM, n. ^ 
 
 FRUM, n. , ., ,, , 
 
 _ V brittle, loose. 
 
 FRAM, n. 
 
 FROWGH, n. J 
 
 FRAMPUT, n. a (loose ?) ring to fasten cows in 
 
 the stall. 
 
 FRUMP, e. s. a chafing, scolding woman. 
 FRUMPY, e. coarsely-chafing. 
 FRUMP, n. 
 
 -r, f to chafe, scold. 
 
 FEAPE, e. (
 
 G*NG. 69 
 
 FIIAMPLED, e. s. free, loose, froward. 
 FKEM, n. free-grown, handsome. 
 FRUM, w. free-growing, as corn. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Friend, (freond), a free-er, as foe, (fogman), 
 seems to mean a taker. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Frill, what is loose. 
 Frolick, loose, free action. 
 FRAILIES, e. loose unsubstantial delicacies, 
 frothy compliments. 
 
 T 
 
 G*NG. 
 
 1. 
 
 O go, stir, act, as 
 
 To go round or spin ; 
 To go to and fro, shake ; 
 To go, as a machine. 
 
 2. 
 
 To give room for going, or stirring, as a gap. 
 
 3. 
 
 To be of go-some form, as globular for roll- 
 ing, or pointed for going through a body.
 
 70 G*NG. 
 
 4. 
 
 To make a sound the type of which was that 
 
 of a going body. 
 
 NG. 
 
 Gang, to go. 
 
 Gang, men that go together. 
 
 Gangweek, n. a boundary-beating week, Roga- 
 tion week. 
 
 JINGLE, n. to stir, shake. 
 
 Jangle, to stir in anger. 
 
 . ' L to make the sound of shaking bodies. 
 JINK, n.j 
 
 NK. 
 
 JINK, n. to dodge, turn a corner. 
 JENK, n. to ramble, jaunt. 
 
 Gag, to stop the going of the mouth ? 
 
 Whirl-gig. 
 
 Gig, a light-going vehicle. 
 
 Giggle, to keep wagging or stirring. 
 
 GIG, e. a silly unsteady fellow. 
 
 Giglet, a giggling girl. 
 
 GIGGISH, e. like a gig, an unsteady fellow. 
 
 Jug, the vessel that is to go round ? 
 
 JUG, w. a common run for cattle. 
 
 Jog, to move with slight strokes. 
 
 Joggle.
 
 G*NG. 71 
 
 Juggle, to move the hands quickly. 
 
 Agog. 
 
 Jig, a dance of light strokes. 
 
 JuGGLE-mere, w. a quagmire, moving ground. 
 
 J AGGER, n.^\ ,, 
 
 -, > a rambler, pedlar. 
 
 Gr AGGER, S.j 
 
 JAG, (of hay), as much as one goes with at a 
 time, a cart load, or man load. 
 
 T- '11 1 what goes. 
 Jiggum-bobjJ 
 
 GOG, a ball, what is rolling. 
 GOGGY, n. an egg. 
 GOOSE-GOGS, e. w. gooseberries. 
 Goggle-eyes, round rolling eyes. 
 
 DGE. 
 
 Gudgeon, s. w. the end axes on which a roller 
 moves. 
 
 K. 
 GECK, n. to toss the head in disdain. 
 
 Jack. I hardly think that Jack, which is an 
 element of many English words, is a form of the 
 name John. It seems to carry some meaning of 
 to go, to stir, or to act as a machine, or ineundi, 
 as applied to the male of some animals. 
 
 Jack, for roasting. 
 Jack, the pike, (fish).
 
 72 G*NG. 
 
 Jack-wi'-the-lantern.l _,_, 
 Jacket-a-wad, ) the 
 
 Jack-a-dandy. 
 Jack-a-napes. 
 Jack-a-lent. 
 
 Jack, a leather beer jug,"] , ,, 
 
 T , ,, . ' S vessels that g o round? 
 
 J ack, a small jug, 
 
 Jack-ass. 
 Jocky. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 
 Gust, a going of wind. 
 
 Guest, who goes. 
 
 GOISTER, s. to be stirring, frolicksome. 
 
 Jostle. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 GIZEN, n. to go open, crack. 
 
 GIZE, "I 
 
 GISE, > way of going or acting. 
 
 Guise, J 
 
 GUZZLE, a drain. 
 
 GIZLE,! n i 
 
 T > n. to walk mmcingly. 
 
 J IZLE, J 
 
 Gizzard, "1 what goes or moves, to grind 
 
 GIZZERN, n.) food. 
 
 GOSSOCK, e. a strong gust of wind. 
 
 Gasp, to open the mouth or breath-way, to take 
 
 in breath. 
 Guess, to take in.
 
 G*NG. 73 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 Gush, a fast going of fluid. 
 Gash, an opening. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 GIG-MA, 1 , 
 
 ~ > what moves, or ffoes. 
 
 GEA-MA,J 
 
 JAUM,! . , , . , . 
 
 T > of a door, on which it moves. 
 
 JAM, J 
 
 Jump. 
 
 Jumble. 
 
 GIM, e. a timber-carriage. 
 
 GIMMY, w. ~\ , . 
 
 > a hino-e. 
 
 GlMMACE, W.J 
 
 GIMMER, n. a jointed hinge. 
 
 Gimcrack. 1 . 
 
 > what goes. 
 GIMSON, e.j 
 
 Gimblet. 
 
 JUM, e. a jolt from concussion. 
 
 Game, 1 
 
 Gambol, > action in sport. 
 
 Gammon, J 
 
 GAM, n. to mock. 
 
 GAMMERELS, w. the lower legs. 
 
 GAMBREL, zc.l , , , , , ,. , 
 
 s butchers leg-sticks. 
 GAMMEL, w. J 
 
 JAMMOCK, e. to shake, or beat up soft. 
 G**M. "I 
 
 GOAM, n. f , , , . , 
 
 to take or let in, grasp, clasp. 
 GOOM, n.\
 
 74 G*NG. 
 
 GAWM, n. to take in, understand. 
 
 GUMSHON, comprehension. 
 
 GAWMLESS, n. dull of comprehension. 
 
 Gums, what take in the teeth. 
 
 GUMP, s. "I a silly fellow of little comprehen- 
 
 GOMEREL,J sion. 
 
 GOFF, s. corn taken into the barn. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 G*B,1 to strike a blow, or to strike off in 
 
 J*B, J motion. 
 
 JOB, e. w. to strike or peck. 
 
 Wood-JOBBER, the wood-pecker. 
 
 Nut-JOBBER, the nut-hatch, (bird). 
 
 Job, a stroke of work. 
 
 JOBBET, JOBBEL, 5. a small stroke of work, in 
 
 hay or straw carrying, a small lot. 
 JUB, s. to strike the ground, as a heavy-stepping 
 
 horse. 
 
 GIBBET, s. a throw-cudgel to beat down apples. 
 GIBBON, n. a nut-hook. 
 GiB-staff, n. a quarter-staff. 
 The horse GIBS or JIBS, e. s. strikes off, or starts 
 
 suddenly, thence 
 GIBBER, and JIBBY, of a horse. 
 JIFFY, GIFFY, in a jiffy, in the time of a stroke. 
 GIFFLE, e. to be fidgety, keep starting. 
 GEB, n. to toss up the eyes and face. 
 JIBB, m. a stiller to bear a barrel.
 
 G*NG. 75 
 
 Gibe. 
 
 G*B, what goes, jaws, mouth, or going room, an 
 opening. 
 
 GOB, n. gab, mouth. 
 
 Gab, (gift of the). 
 
 GAB, to prate. 
 
 Gabble, Gobble, noisy talk, mouth sounds. 
 
 Gabble, little mouth. 
 
 GABBLE-BATCHERS, n. mouth stretchers, chat- 
 tering birds. 
 
 GoB-string, n. a bridle. 
 
 GOB, GOBBET, a mouthful. 
 
 GOBIN, n. GABY, w. a mouthy clown. 
 
 Jabber, Gibber, ~| , , ,, f 1 
 ^ T \ to talk last. 
 
 GOWER, JOWER, w.) 
 
 Gibberish. 
 
 GABBERNS, w. large rambling rooms, or houses. 
 
 GUBBERN, w. a dirt-drain or hole. 
 
 Gap, an opening. 
 
 Gape, 
 
 GAUP, n. > to open the mouth with wonder. 
 
 GAWF, n. j 
 
 GAVISON,! f 
 
 > one who gawfs, or gapes. 
 GAUPS, s.j 
 
 Oaf, (GOAF). 
 
 JOSINGS, w. scolding. 
 
 GOFPRAM, n. an oaf. 
 
 GAPESNES, a sight to gape at. 
 
 GoPiNG-full, what is taken in by the hand or fist.
 
 76 G*NG. 
 
 T. Stems. 
 Gate. 
 
 Gait, a way of going on, in motion, or behaviour. 
 GEAT, n. a street or road. 
 KNIPE-GEAT, n. a customary right to go in 
 
 turn with one's knife to others' tables. 
 GOATS, n. stepping-stones. 
 Goat ? from its wandering climbing habits ? 
 JOT, w. | to move suddenly by a blow, nudge, 
 JUT, w. I jolt. 
 Jet? 
 
 3 > what has wandered ? 
 GEATS-MA,J 
 
 Giddy, with the head going round. 
 Forget, to let go off, or shed from the mind. 
 GATTLE-HEAD, s. a forgetful fellow. 
 GOTE, "J 
 GOWT, s. > a drain. 
 GUTE, e. J 
 
 GUTTER, a spout, or drain. 
 GUTTER, to shed off, as a candle gutters. 
 GUTTER, w. to swallow greedily. 
 Guttle, "1 
 
 GUDDLE, w. > to drink greedily. 
 Guzzle, 
 
 GAAD, Gad, JFV. what goes with, a fellow thing 
 of a pair, as one of a pair of shoes. 
 
 " Da's de gaading derto," Fr. 
 " There's the fellow thereto."
 
 G*NG. 77 
 
 To gad, to go about with fellows or friends. 
 
 Gather, to go up, as fellow things. 
 
 TOGETHER, e. a set of fellow men, as, 
 
 Here's a nice day together, i. e. mates or 
 friends. 
 
 SPAR-GAD, w. a sharp stick bent into fellow- 
 prongs, for thatching. 
 
 G*D is also what readily goes on in a body, 
 what is stiff and sharp, a spike. 
 
 Goad. 
 
 Gad, a graver, a long stick. 
 
 Gad-fly. 
 
 Gatten-tree ? 1 
 
 Gatter-bush ? > cornus, prick-wood. 
 
 Gayter-tree. J 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 GAIN, n. well-going, handy. 
 
 GAINEST-WAY, n. the road most gone, or beaten. 
 
 GANNER, n. a tramp. 
 
 GAIN-COPE, s. to go over a field by a short cut. 
 
 GANT, e. merriment, sport, a village fair, or wake. 
 
 Jaunt, a going somewhere, as for pleasure. 
 
 Gin, I 
 
 Gun, > what goes or acts, as a machine. 
 
 Jinny, J 
 
 JOUNCE, to jolt, or shake. 
 
 GINNERS, n. the gills of a fish. 
 
 HEART-GUN, w. a heart movement, or pain.
 
 78 G*NG. 
 
 BARN-GUN, w. a fiery pimple on the skin. 
 
 JUNDIE, n. to jostle. 
 
 Yawn, "j 
 
 GANT, n. > to open a passage. 
 
 GANNY, w. J 
 
 GAWNY, w. a wide-mouthed simpleton. 
 
 GONNEREL, n. ~] 111 
 
 ,-i > an empty head, a dunce. 
 
 GONNERHEAD, W.J 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Yawl, a little ship's vessel to go on shore and 
 back. 
 
 Gael-an, o.~) , 
 
 ~ ,, > to make go away. 
 
 Gallow, J 
 
 GALLY, w. to frighten. 
 
 GALLY-CROW, w. a scare-crow. 
 
 GALLY-BEGGER, w. a bug-bear. 
 
 GOLL, GAWL, w. the underground channel of a 
 water-spring, as a sand-gawl. 
 
 GOOL, n. e. a ditch, a stream. 
 
 GULL, n. e. a flood-worn hollow. 
 
 n. e. to wash out soil. 
 
 GILL, n. a stream dell. 
 
 Gully, a small stream, channel. 
 
 Gully-hole, e. the mouth-hole of a drain, or 
 sewer. 
 
 GILL, n. a woody glen with a stream channel. 
 
 GYLE, s. GALE, n. work, working or ferment- 
 ing;.
 
 G*NG. 79 
 
 GILSE, n. a periodic spring in the fields. 
 Gullet. 
 
 > to swallow eagerly. 
 GOLSH, n.J 
 
 Gill, what moves or vibrates, the gills of a fish. 
 
 2. Flags or throat-pieces of a fowl. 
 
 3. Throat-flesh, or skin under the chin of a 
 
 fat man. 
 
 4. A rivulet. 
 
 Gill, a measure, one throat-swallowing ? 
 
 Gallon, a great gill ? 
 
 GOLLS, what move, or act? hands, fists, 
 
 paws. 
 
 GILLIE, a hand at work, a servant. 
 GOWPEN, n. a hollowed handful. 
 GOWPENS, n. two hollowed handsful. 
 GULLY, a hand-knife, a big knife. 
 GAUL, n. a mover, a lever. 
 GAUL, s. a passage, or open space, in a copse, or 
 
 cornfield. 
 
 GEAL, n. to throb, as fingers with cold. 
 Gall, to pain the mind. 
 
 This stem seems to mean also to move with 
 wanton motions, whence 
 
 Gal, o. wantonness, pleasure. 
 
 GEILEN, Ger. GAL-STEIN, Fr. wanton-stones, 
 
 testiculi. 
 GALE, w. a castrated old bull.
 
 80 G*NG. 
 
 GALLEJAGTE, Fr. "| 
 
 GALLIVANTEN, w. I pleasure-hunting. 
 
 GALLIGANTE*]*, J 
 
 Geld. 
 
 Gelding. 
 
 GELD, GELT, GEILT, n. YELL, n. barren, or 
 
 castrated. 
 
 GELT-GIMMER, n. a castrated, or barren ewe. 
 GILT, a spayed sow. 
 
 GILE, Fr. to entice to gal, pleasure, whence 
 Guile. 
 Beguile. 
 GILDER, n. a bird-snare. 
 
 . GOWD, GOWDY, n.'] 
 
 > wanton. 
 GOLD, n. j 
 
 Jilt, a woman of sportive behaviour. 
 Gloppen, n. to startle, frighten. 
 
 Stems of sound 
 (4> 
 
 ' > to blow with a hollow sound. 
 GOWL, n.j 
 
 Gale, of wind. 
 
 GAL, o. to sing. 
 
 Nightingale. 
 
 GOLLOW, n. to shout, bluster. 
 
 GULE, w. to laugh, chuckle. 
 
 GULDEE, n. to talk loud. 
 
 Yelp.
 
 G*NG. 81 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 GAR, n. to act, to make. 
 
 GARLE, e. to mismake, spoil. 
 
 Gar, o. what readily goes into a body, a javelin, 
 
 spear. 
 
 Garlick, spear-like. 
 Gear, what goes, or acts. 
 Ear, to work (the ground). 
 JOWER, n. to jolt, push. 
 Jerk. 
 
 Yearn, to work, stir. 
 Jeer, to make derisive motions. 
 Year, a going round. 
 GARE, to go round, as a giddy head seems to do. 
 
 GARE-BRAINED, s. ~\ , ,, 
 
 heedless. 
 GARTLE-HEADED, e.) 
 
 GARGET ? e. a disease of sheep. 
 Yarn, (Garn), what is wound round. 
 Garland. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 GEAR-MA, what goes. 
 GEARUMS, n. a going state. 
 Out of gearums, out of order. 
 
 (G)EAR-MA,1 , , 
 
 }> what works. 
 Arm, 
 
 G*R, to go round, take in. 
 
 Gird. 
 
 Girt, 
 
 G
 
 82 G*NG. 
 
 Girth. 
 
 Garter. 
 
 GARTEN, n. 
 
 Garth. 
 
 Girdle. 
 
 GIRD, n. a hoop. 
 
 Garden. 
 
 Yard. 
 
 GARZLE, n. fence-making wood. 
 
 GIRD, n. a go, a fit, or spasm. 
 
 G**L. 1 A 
 
 ^ An odd stem ? 
 
 Yellow. J 
 
 GOWL, n. the gum of the eye. 
 GULL, s. the bloom of the willow. 
 GULLS, m. unfledged birds. 
 GULPH, e. a very young animal. 
 GOL, Fr. harmless. 
 
 Gull, one easily cheated (as if an unfledged 
 bird). 
 
 G*R. 
 An odd stem. 
 
 GOR, 0. . v . , /,,,, 
 
 > mire, liquid tilth. 
 GORE, e.) 
 
 GOR, n. s. miry, dirty. 
 
 GERRED, w.~] r 
 
 > dirty, daubed. 
 
 GlRRED, W. j 
 
 GOR-MA, o. what smears. 
 GORM, w. to smear.
 
 83 
 
 GL*NG. 
 
 THE types of the meanings of the root- 
 forms and stems of this root are found 
 with the reflection of light from a smooth sur- 
 face, and the smooth surface itself, and, there- 
 fore, the root means 
 
 1. 
 
 To cast light or sight, or to strike off like 
 light reflected from a smooth body, and, 
 
 2. 
 
 To be smooth, or level, in surface or motion. 
 
 This root may be taken as the water-face- 
 root. 
 
 NCH. 
 
 GLUNCH, n. to look fire-eyed from anger. 
 
 Glig, o.~l smooth sounds."^ 
 
 Glee, J music, singing, j 
 
 Glee. 
 
 GLEG, n. a glance. 
 
 K. 
 
 G-luck, a going on smoothly.
 
 84 GL*NG. 
 
 GLACKY, n. glad. 
 
 GLEEK, n. to be smooth, or to smooth one, to 
 beguile. 
 
 GLECK, n.~\ . ru 
 
 > smooth, glib. 
 GLEY, n. j 
 
 Stub stems. 
 Glow. 
 
 GLOW, s. w. to stare. 
 GLY, I . 
 GLEE f to 8qumt * 
 
 vTJui<i(, /I* j 
 
 GLEA, n. "1 , 
 A > askew. 
 
 A-GLEA, 71.) 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Glisten. 
 Glister. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 Gloze. 
 Gloss. 
 Glass. 
 
 GLOUSE, e. a strong gleam of heat. 
 GLAIZIE, n. glittering. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 GLISK, n. to glitter. 
 GLUSKY, e. hot with anger. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 GLEA-MA. 
 Gleam.
 
 GL*NG. 85 
 
 GLIMA, a glance. 
 
 GLIM, n. to glance. 
 
 GLUM, w. a sudden heat. 
 
 GLOAMING. 
 
 Glimmer. 
 
 Glimpse. 
 
 GLEMTH, e. 
 
 Gloom. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 GLOP, Ches. to stare. 
 Glib, smooth-going. 
 
 GLAFFER, Ches.} 
 
 n sn - to smooth, to natter. 
 
 GLAFER, Ches. J 
 
 GLAVE, n, smooth. 
 GLIFF, n. a glance. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 GLED, Fr. smooth, as a keen knife. 
 Glide, to go smoothly, slide. 
 
 GLAD, "] ,, ., , . 
 
 p > smooth-going, as a door on its hinges 
 
 Glad. ' 
 
 GLADE, s. a smooth gliding stream. 
 
 Glade, a smooth opening in a wood. 
 
 GLADDEN, n. to thaw. 
 
 GLEED, n. a bright coal. 
 
 Gleet, to be slippery by a fluid. 
 
 Gloat, to cast side glances.
 
 86 GL*NG. 
 
 Glitter. "I 
 
 GLOEWT.J 
 
 GLOUT, n. to look sullen. 
 
 GLAT, w. a free-going gap, or shard. 
 
 Glotten, m. to startle aside. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 GLINT, n. a glance. 
 
 GLENT, n. to glance askew. 
 
 GLEN, w. to glance askew in derision. 
 
 GLENDER, n. to look with twinkling eyes. 
 
 Glance. 
 
 GLENTER, n. a curb-stone. 
 
 GLINCED, s. smooth, bright, as ice. 
 
 Gleen, to shine with heat, or polish. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 GLORE, n. shiny mire. 
 
 Glare, brightness. 
 
 Glare, to glaze or brighten earthenware. 
 
 Glore, to glance askew. 
 
 GLOWER, s. 
 
 ^ f to stare. 
 
 LrLOAR, S.
 
 87 
 
 GR*NG. 
 
 TO gripe, or crush ; and so as 
 To grind or break. 
 
 To grave into a body by hard strokes. 
 To be cutting, or griping to the taste, or 
 feeling, sharp. 
 
 K. Stems. 
 
 GRIKE, n, a cleft in a rock. 
 
 GROWSOME, s. gripesome, or crushing. 
 
 Grisly. 
 
 GROW, s.^ -j 
 
 GRAW, s. j 1 to have a sense of being grasped, 
 
 GROWSE, n. f or harrowed, to shudder. 
 
 GRT, J 
 
 GRIZE, M?.l . , 
 
 p > to scrape, or grind on. 
 
 GRIZZLE, grin. 
 
 GRIZZLEDY-MUNDY, w. grinning-mouth, fool. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 
 GRUWZELJE, Fr. to grind to pieces. 
 Grist, what is ground. 
 GRIST, w. to grind the teeth.
 
 88 GR*NG. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 GREA-MA, what does any act of the root 
 
 GR*NG, thence 
 Grim, "I . . . . 
 
 GrumJ S n P in g> or Sn^^g* cruel - 
 BE-GRUMPLED, made sour, or sharp. 
 GROM, w. a thatcher's reed-griper. 
 Grime, dirt that has griped, or graven into the 
 
 skin, &c. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 Grab. 
 Grabble. 
 
 GRABBY, s. a ditch. 
 
 GROBBELJE, Fr. to wash the hands, &c. 
 Grapple. "1 
 Grabble./ 
 
 GROBBLE, n. to make holes. 
 Grub, what grubs in the earth. 
 GRUBE, e. a ditch. 
 Grope, to gripe slightly. 
 Grip, (of wheat), a reaper's handful. 
 Grip, s. to bite with the teeth. 
 Grip, w. a trench, furrow. 
 GRIPE, s. a little ditch. 
 
 GRIPE, n.~\ , f , 
 .- > a dung-fork. 
 
 GRAPE, n.j 
 
 GRIPPEN, n. a clenched hand. 
 Gripple, a griping miser.
 
 GR*NG. 89 
 
 GRAFF, n. a ditch. 
 
 GRIFF, n. a deep valley with a rocky chasm at 
 the bottom. 
 
 GROOF, n.~\ , ,, . , 
 
 > a hollow in the ground. 
 GROOP, n.j 
 
 .~ ' > a graving of the bark of a tree. 
 
 Grove. 
 
 Groove. 
 
 Grave, n. to dig. 
 
 Graver. 
 
 Grovel. 
 
 Gravel. 
 
 GRUFFER, w. a miner. 
 
 GRAB, w. 1 , ^ . . 
 
 > what is sharp or sour. 
 Crab-apple,J 
 
 GRIBBLE, w. s. a seedling apple-tree. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 Greed, a grasping of things. 
 
 Greedy. 
 
 Gride, to grave or cut up. 
 
 Grit, what is crushed. 
 
 Grout, coarse meal. 
 
 GURGENS, e. w. pollard-bran. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 GRAIN, e. to gripe the throat, strangle.
 
 90 GR*NG. 
 
 GRAINS, n. the prongs of a fork. 
 GRANEN, n. the fork of a hill. 
 Grind. 
 
 \ to grind with the teeth. 
 GRIZZLE, w.j 
 
 Grin, a trap, a snare. 
 
 GRINDLE, e. a small water -drain, a grate, 
 
 lattice. 
 Grid-iron. 
 Grind-iron. 
 GRINT, e. grit. 
 
 Stems of sound. 
 From that of grinding or rubbing. 
 
 GRANK, n. to groan lowly. 
 
 GROWNGE, n. to growl. 
 
 Grudge, 
 
 GEIZE, 
 
 Grumble. 
 
 GRUFFLE, e. to growl a little, rattle in the 
 
 throat. 
 
 GREET, n. to cry, weep aloud. 
 Groan. 
 GROW, 5. to be troubled, to groan, moan. 
 
 GR**, (an odd root?) 
 Grow. 
 
 Grass,"] , 
 GorseJ
 
 GR*NG. 91 
 
 Graze. 
 
 GARSLE, n. small growth, branches for stopping 
 
 gaps. 
 Gross. 
 
 GROSENS, w. little growths, duck-weed. 
 Great, what has grown. 
 Growth. 
 
 Groom, one who grows ? a youth. 
 
 Green, the colour of growth. 
 Ground, place of growth. 
 Grain, what grows. 
 GRAIN, n. a branch. 
 
 Grain, of wood, or the skin, the growth of it. 
 " Grained in," as in the skin. 
 
 GOR, Fr. a girl, a grower ? 
 
 Girl, diminutive of gor. 
 
 Grey, from the colour of growth in many wild 
 
 animals ? 
 
 GREYGLE, w. the blue-bell. 
 Greyhound. 
 GRIGHOUND, o. 
 Grisly, mingled grey. 
 GREESE, swine, (wild).
 
 T 
 
 92 
 
 K*NG. 
 
 stop back anything. 
 
 1. 
 
 In or from free motion, as by choking a way, 
 or by inclosing or stuffing. 
 
 2. 
 
 In continuation of substance, as by cutting 
 short, or dividing. 
 
 3. 
 
 In the motion of its particles, as a fluid or 
 soft body, by hardening it. 
 
 4. 
 In growth. 
 
 NG. 
 
 CHINGLE, n. e.~\^ small divisions of stone, gravel, 
 
 Shingle, J &c. 
 
 KING-COUGH, n. "| 
 
 KINK-COUGH, n. I a choking cough. 
 
 Chin-cough, n. J 
 
 NK. 
 
 KINK, e. to be entangled, stopped. 
 
 n. to be nearly choked, to breathe hard. 
 
 n. a choking fit of laughing or crying.
 
 K*NG. 93 
 
 KINK, s. e. to stop running by knots in an over- 
 twisted thread, or a running rope. 
 CANK, n. with the voice stopped, dumb. 
 
 > to whine with short-stopped sounds. 
 CAINGY, w.J 
 
 Cankered, 1 , , , , f 
 
 > one who canks, a crabbed fellow. 
 CAINCLE, n.j 
 
 CANKER, w. n. what stuffs or chokes, a poison- 
 ous fungus. 
 
 CANKERS, caterpillars. 
 CANKER-WEED, ragwort. 
 
 CANKER-rRETE, VCrdigTlS. 
 
 CHINK, e. a sprain on the back, or loins ; to cut 
 
 in pieces. 
 
 Chunk, Chuck, e. a short cutting of wood. 
 Chink. \ 
 
 CHANKER, w.j 
 
 CH. 
 
 CANCH, e. a small division of corn in the straw, 
 put into a corner of the barn, or an out- 
 house, a division or spell of work. 
 
 CHOGS, e. the cuttings of hop-plants in the 
 
 spring. 
 
 Chough, from its choke-like sound ? 
 Cough.
 
 94 K*NG. 
 
 KEG?") 
 
 CAG?J 
 
 DGE. 
 
 ' > to fill, stuff, as with food. 
 KEDGE, n.j 
 
 CADGER ? TZ.~( a meal or food carrier, or fisher- 
 
 KEDGER, J man. 
 
 Codger, KEDGE-belly, n. a glutton. 
 
 Cudgel, a short stick. 
 
 Cage, what stops from motion. 
 
 ^ TJ-" 
 
 Cawk, to choke chinks. 
 Check. 
 Choke. 
 
 Coke, n. the core of an apple. 
 CAKER, n. to stop from slipping, to bind clogs 
 with iron. 
 
 CAWKINS, n. "1 ,, , . , f , , 
 
 the hind part of a horse-shoe 
 COAKENS, n. > , r 
 
 turned up. 
 CAWKER, n. j 
 
 ' * > to throw for a catch, as a ball. 
 CHUCK, J 
 
 CHUCK, a short-cut chump of wood. 
 CHUCK-headed ,. 1 blockhead> 
 CnucKLE-headed, s.j 
 Chuck, of a lathe.
 
 K*NG. 95 
 
 COKERED, s. cankered, rotten as timber. 
 
 KICK-HAMMER, w. a stammerer. 
 
 Kick. 
 
 KECK, to reach, as choking. 
 
 KECKER, w. the windpipe. 
 
 KECKLE, n.~] , 111-1 
 
 > to laugh chokingly. 
 Chuckle, J 
 
 CHICK, e. chink, flaw, as in crockery. 
 
 Cock, a liquor stopper. 
 
 Chickweed, stuffed weed ? 
 
 CHACK, CHAT, n. a lunch, stopper. 
 
 Cocket, n. pert, chuckling. 
 
 CoCKME-DAiNTr,tt. finical in dress, or carriage. 
 
 COCKLING, n.' 
 
 Chuckling ? 
 
 COCKLE, s. a stove with iron and brick flues, 
 
 for hop drying. 
 COCKER, n. w. to indulge in eating. 
 
 COGGERS, n. w.~] . , , 
 
 n , > gaiters, short-cut leggings. 
 
 ^/ocKers, n, w, \ 
 
 COCKERS and trashers, n. old feetless stockings 
 and worn shoes. 
 
 COCK-BRUMBLE, 6. mbllS fructicOSUS ? 
 
 Cock one's eye, to stop or shut it. 
 
 KIEK, Fr.~] A , 
 
 -rr > to peep, cock one s eye. 
 
 IA.EEK, n, \ 
 
 COCKEY, e. a filth stopper, the grate over the 
 
 common sewer. 
 COCKS neckling, or falling head-foremost.
 
 96 K*NG. 
 
 COCKS headlings, s. a game of boys mounting 
 
 over each other's heads. 
 COCKED, affronted, bawlked. 
 COKERS, n. slip-stoppers, rims round wooden 
 
 shoes. 
 
 COCKERNONY, a top lock of hair. 
 COOK, n. to disappoint, stop. 
 
 KAK, Fr.'l , . . , , -, 
 > what is hardened. 
 Cake, J 
 
 KICKLE, w. a small cake. 
 
 REACH, "1 to harden or congeal, as fat cool- 
 
 KETCH, w.j ing. 
 
 COGER, e. a kind of cake. 
 
 KITCHET, a kind of cake. 
 
 Coke, what is hardened ? 
 
 COKES, n. "I 
 
 COIKS, n. I cinders. 
 
 KOUKS, n. j 
 
 Catch, to stop. 
 
 Jack-ketch, Jack-choker. 
 
 Bomb-ketch, a stopped or decked boat ? 
 
 Stub stems. 
 
 Key, a stopper, shutter. 
 
 Cow, o.l . 
 
 ~, } to cut short. 
 
 Chew, J 
 
 Cud, what is chewed. 
 
 Coo, w.l , . . . , . 
 
 > to stop by intimidation. 
 Cow, J
 
 K*NG. 97 
 
 Coward, one easily stopped. 
 
 Coy. 
 
 Cow, n. to cut short, poll. 
 
 COWED-COW, a hornless cow. 
 
 COWT-FOOTED, n. club-footed. 
 
 COW-STOPPLE, n. a cowslip. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 CEOSL, o. flint, gravel, pebbles, or sand. 
 Chisel, first made of flint. 
 CHIZZLE, e. bran. 
 CHIZZLY, e. gritty. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 CEAS-MA, o. what is cut or broken up. 
 CHESSOM, earth between sand and clay. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 Hash, to cut short. 
 
 Cask, a short-cut, or truncated vessel ? 
 KEX, w. "I 
 
 KEXY, w. > a dry hemlock stem. 
 KESH, n. J 
 
 KISKY, e. ? dry, juiceless. 
 KISK, e. anything dry and juiceless. 
 Husk, 
 COSH, e. 
 
 y j 
 
 Husky-cough. 
 CASKET, n. a dry ? stalk. 
 
 H
 
 98 K*NG. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 CEA-MA, o. what is out up, or divided. 
 Chimpings, n. grits. 
 CHAM, w. s. to chew. 
 CHAMBLE, e. to chew. 
 CHAMP, to chew, as a horse the bit. 
 COOM, n. cuttings, or waste pieces of wood, or 
 
 scales of iron by a forge. 
 Chump, a short-cutting. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 KIBBAGE, e. small cuttings, or refuse, and 
 rubbish. 
 
 Cabbage, (tailor's), small waste cuttings. 
 
 Cabbage, cuttings of kale ? 
 
 KEBBERS ? refuse sheep taken out of a flock. 
 
 KIBBLES, w. short-cut pieces of wood for light- 
 ing fires. 
 
 KIBE, a cut or chap in the heel, &c. 
 
 BEKIBBE, Fr. to stop, to rebuke. 
 
 KEP, w.l f 
 
 ^ > to stop from going. 
 
 COPPER-CLOUTS, w. short-cut leggings. 
 CAPES, n. ears of corn, cut or beaten off in 
 
 threshing. 
 
 CopPERED-land, s. suddenly dried after rain. 
 CoPFERED-cream, s. cream-hardened, or ridged 
 
 on the surface, by air. 
 CHOUP, a hip of the bramble.
 
 K*NG. 99 
 
 Although the folio wing twenty-two words suit 
 very well as stem- words from K*NG, and "many 
 of them are found in Frisian, yet a few of them 
 may be British stem-words : 
 
 CWB, Brit, what incloses. 
 
 COPE, e. s. to close, fasten up. 
 
 Coop. 
 
 Cooper. 
 
 MUCK-COOP, n. a close dung-cart. 
 
 COOP-CART, n. a close-boarded cart. 
 
 FISH-COOP, n. a fishing-pot. 
 
 KIB, KIBBLE, w. a bucket used by miners. 
 
 KYPE, to.l . , , . 
 
 ~ > a wicker basket. 
 
 COB, J 
 
 Cob-web, an inclosing web. 
 
 CUB, w. a coop, hatch, kennel. 
 
 CuBBY-house, w.~) a child's snug place between 
 
 CuBBY-hole, w. J his father's knees. 
 
 Lyme-cob, w. stop-water, or harbour fence. 
 
 Cove. 
 
 COFE, n. a cavern, cave. 
 
 Cover. 
 
 KEPPEN, n. to hood-wink. 
 
 COP-COPING, n. an inclosing, a fence. 
 
 COPE, to inclose, or cover the top of a wall, with 
 
 Coping-stone, or brick. 
 
 KAPPE, Fr.~ 
 
 Chop. 
 Chap.
 
 100 K*NG. 
 
 Chip. 
 
 CHIP, n. to open, crack. 
 
 Copse, wood to be cut? 
 
 Chapped hands, opened in cracks. 
 
 Chops, the opening parts of the mouth. 
 
 CHOPPER, s. a cheek of bacon. 
 
 CHAFFS, n.~\ . 
 
 8 ' PS * 
 
 CHAVISH, s. n. mouth din, as that of sparrows. 
 Ceaf, o. 1 to divide, as corn from chaff; to 
 CAVE, n. J cleave asunder, to put asunder. 
 CHAVE, n. to divide greater from smaller coals. 
 
 " The undermined earth caved in," i. e. broke 
 asunder, and fell in. 
 
 Chafe. 
 Chaff. 
 
 CAVIL, n. ~\ , 
 
 ~ > a snare or lot. 
 
 CAVLE, n.j 
 
 CHAVLE, n. a cleaver. 
 
 Cavil, a little sundering or distinction. 
 
 KEVEL, n. a large hammer for quarrying stones. 
 
 Chafer ? (cock). 
 
 Chaffinch ? 
 
 Chiff-chaff. 
 
 KEEVE, w. to ferment beer, a fermenting vessel. 
 
 KEFANS, scum or mother of ale. 
 
 C*P, a stem meaning the top end or head, or 
 a head-like thing.
 
 K*NG. 101 
 
 Cop, a. head, head-like, or round, top. 
 
 CAP, n. to top. 
 
 COP, a head, headman. 
 
 COB, e. a kernel, a ball of food for fowls. 
 
 CoB-nut, w. a game with round big nuts. 
 
 COB-JOE, m. a nut on a string. 
 
 COBBLE, n. a round water-worn stone. 
 
 COB-WALL, w. 
 
 COBBLES, n. round coals. 
 
 KIBBLE, w. to clip or round a stone. 
 
 Cobble, to sew into cobs, or bunches. 
 
 CHOBBINS, e. unripe grains of corn. 
 
 COB of hay, m. a small stack. 
 
 CHUBBY, w.~\ , f , 
 
 } round faced, or headed. 
 CHUFFY, w.) 
 
 Cob-loaf, n. a crusty loaf. 
 
 COBBO, e. the miller's thumb. 
 
 KEBLOCK, s. wild turnip. 
 
 COUP, n. to overset, topsy-turvy; 
 
 COP, n. a pile or heap of sheaves, or fifteen 
 
 bundles of peas. 
 COPPLE-CROWN, e. a tuft of feathers on the 
 
 head of a fowl. 
 COPPLING, e. top-heavy. 
 COPT, n. convex, also proud, lofty. 
 COP, n. a lump of yarn. 
 COPPIN, a lump of worsted from the spindle. 
 
 COP-ROSE, e. ~\ , ., , , 
 
 V the wild red poppy. 
 COPPER-ROSE e.\ CLJ
 
 102 K*NG. 
 
 COPSON, 5. a fence on a small dam. 
 CAPS, s. fungi. 
 
 C*P, to buy, a stem which seems, from the 
 Frisian, to have meant at first to stop or fix 
 goods given out for sale or hire. 
 
 CEAP, o. to traffic, buy. 
 Cheap. 
 
 COUP, n.] , 
 
 > to deal, to exchange. 
 COPE, n.) 
 
 Cope with. 
 
 CHOP, w. to exchange. 
 
 CHAFFER, to higgle, in dealing. 
 
 CHAP, w.l 
 
 ~ > a customer, 
 
 CHEP, n.j 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 Cut. 
 
 Gate, a choice cutting, or share of food. 
 
 CATER, s. to cut wood or cloth aslant. 
 
 Cater, to carve. 
 
 CHAITY, w. choice of cuts, dainty. 
 
 CHAITS, e. off-cuttings, or leavings of food, as 
 
 turnip chaits. 
 CHADS, e. dry lumps of food, chaddy bread, 
 
 with knobs. 
 
 CHATTOCKS, w.~] small cuttings left at faggot- 
 Cm T WOOD, w. J making ? 
 CHATTER, n. to cut up, bruise.
 
 K*NG. 103 
 
 KET, e. waste cuttings? carrion. 
 
 KETT, n. waste pieces ? rubbish. 
 
 Chide, to stop, reprove. 
 
 COIT, e. to throw for a catch, or for stopping at 
 
 a point. 
 Coit. 
 
 KITE, n. what incloses, the belly. 
 KITE, a covered tub for flour. 
 
 BOWDY-KITE/I , ,, 
 
 BOW-KITE, n.) ^ 
 
 BAND-KITE, a bellied can. 
 
 BUMMEL-KITE, n. little-bump-belly, the black- 
 berry, the bummels being the carpels. 
 
 KIT, n. a kind of barrel. 
 
 Kit, a whole inclusive lot of things or men. 
 " The whole kit." 
 
 KIT-KEYS, the pods of the ash. 
 
 KITTLE, w. "| a round body-inclosing frock, 
 
 KiTTLE-smock,J smock-frock. 
 
 KITTLE-PACKS, a kind of leggings. 
 
 Coat, a body incloser. 
 
 KETTLE-NET, a net to inclose a large space of 
 water. 
 
 KIDDLE, n. a kind of net. 
 
 KITTLE of fish, a catch, or inclosure of fish. 
 
 KIDDLE,"] f c , 
 
 Tr . M> a wear, or dam tor nsh. 
 
 KEDDLE,] 
 
 KETTLE, a wholly inclosing vessel. 
 KIT, n. a covered pail.
 
 104 K*NG. 
 
 KiTTY-wren, the inclosing wren, building an 
 
 inclosing nest. 
 
 KITTY-WITCH, a kind of crab. 
 KITTY-WAKE, a bird. 
 KIUTLE, n. 
 KIDDLE, e. 
 
 CUTTER, 
 
 > to inclose in the arms. 
 
 CODDLE, 
 
 Cuddle, 
 
 COT, or CADE-lamb, a fondled, or shut up 
 
 lamb. 
 Cuddy. 
 Cuttle-fish. 
 KID, w. a pod. 
 Tea-caddy. 
 KIDDER, a badger. 
 COT, n. to inclose, intangle. 
 KET, n. matted, intangled. 
 CADDLE, w. an intanglement of circumstances. 
 COTT, e. a matted, or tangled fleece. 
 
 COTTY, e. I 
 
 ~ > tangled. 
 
 COTTERED,J 
 
 COTTEREL, n. a small wedge or pin for fasten- 
 ing a bolt. 
 
 CADGER, 1 , f ,, , ., 
 
 a low purveyor tor the kite, 
 
 KIDDIE R, e. > /u 11 \ 
 
 KIDGER, e. \ 
 
 KITCHEN, an office for the kite. 
 
 Kidnap, to surround, or catch unawares.
 
 K*NG. 105 
 
 COD is also a Welsh stem. 
 
 COD, w. a bag, pod, pillow, or inclosing re- 
 ceptacle. 
 
 PINCOD, n. a pincushion. 
 
 HORSE-COD, n. a horse-collar. 
 
 BEAN-COD, w. a bean-pod. 
 
 COD-GLOVES, w. gloves without fingers. 
 
 Cudweed ? 
 
 GOTTEN, to close with, agree. 
 
 CAD-MA, s. what closes (the womb ?),the last pig 
 of a litter. 
 
 Whin-chat,! , . , . , . , . . , . 
 
 ^ birds inclosing their nests in whin, 
 
 Grass-chat. > 
 
 c , &c. t 
 
 btone-chat,J 
 
 As the root K*NG means to cut, so keen is 
 cutting, and cant is a notch, like that of a cut- 
 ting in a stick, and so cant becomes the type for 
 many words of angles or angular action. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 KEEN, n. "I 
 
 KIN, n. > a chap in the hand. 
 
 KINNING, n.J 
 
 Keen. 
 
 Chine, 1 f 
 
 ~ > of a cask. 
 
 CHIMB,] 
 
 CHANNER, n. to niggle, to speak heart-cutting 
 words.
 
 106 K*NG. 
 
 CON, n. a squirrel. 
 
 CANT, a cut, or notch. 
 
 KANT, Fr. corner, edge, side. 
 
 Cantle, a corner-piece. 
 
 CANT, e. a corner of a field. 
 
 CANT, w. to backbite with cutting words. 
 
 CHOUNT, w. to niggle, speak heart -cutting 
 
 words. 
 CATER, s. to cut wood or cloth cornerwise, at 
 
 an oblique angle. 
 
 CATER-CROSS, e. across at oblique angles. 
 CATER-cousins, n. cross, or indirect cousins, 
 
 within the first four degrees. 
 CANT. 
 
 CANT, n. to splay off at an oblique angle. 
 CANT up, s. to throw, or cast up, or out at an 
 
 oblique angle. 
 
 " They (the Somali girls) give their heads a 
 cant backwards with a half-side jerk." 
 
 (Capt. Speke). 
 
 CANTER, of a horse, a going with the feet at 
 
 oblique angles. 
 CANT, n. to upset, overturn, to set up to 
 
 auction. 
 CAN SET, e. a causeway, what is cast up at an 
 
 acute angle ? 
 
 L. Stems. 
 KEEL, n. to stop, cease.
 
 K*NG. 107 
 
 Kill? 
 Ceald, o.l 
 Cold. / 
 REAL, n. cold. 
 KEEL, ~\ 
 
 KEELERS, , c 
 
 \ a cooler for wort. 
 KILLER, e. I 
 
 Cooler, w. J 
 CHOWL, the jaw. 
 CHOLLER, n. a double chowl. 
 CEAL-MA, what cuts up. 
 CHALM, to chew, nibble. 
 
 CALE, n. turn. (See R. Stems). 
 
 COIL, n. what stops up, a hen-coop. 
 
 COIL, n. what incloses, as a wound rope, a 
 
 case. 
 C OILERS, s. harness straps round a thiller's 
 
 rump. 
 Caul. 
 
 KELL, e. the caul of a beast. 
 COLE, n. to hollow out, shape. 
 CALLOW, e. the stratum of earth over sand, 
 
 gravel, &c. 
 COLT, w. to throw up dug-out earth in a ridge, 
 
 a ridge of earth. 
 
 Coul, Cowl, n. to scrape up dirt, &c. 
 CEAL-MA, what incloses, or covers. 
 CALM, e. the concrete scum of bottled liquors.
 
 108 K*NG. 
 
 CALMY, e. mothery. 
 
 Fourth division. 
 
 Coal, (as coke). Thence 
 COLLER, e.' 
 
 ^ f to soil with coal. 
 
 COLLY, w. 
 
 COLLY, w. kettle-smut. 
 COLLOW, smut. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 COL-MA, <?."] 
 Culm. J 
 
 R. Stems. 
 Char. 
 
 K*NG, to bring forth, an odd root? 
 
 CHAT,"! sprout-twigs, keys of ash, sycamore, 
 CHIT, J and maple. 
 
 CIT-MA, I , 
 
 > what sprouts. 
 CHIS-MA,J 
 
 Chism, w. a sprout, to sprout. 
 
 KITTLE, n. to litter. 
 
 KENNEL, n. to bring forth young. 
 
 Kin, kindred, fellow-offspring. Thence 
 
 Couth, 
 
 ^ c known, kind as one of kin. 
 
 COUTHER, n. ' 
 
 Un-couth. 
 KEN, to know.
 
 K*NG. 109 
 
 KENSPECK, a thing known by some mark. 
 KENNING, n. a measure for a standard. 
 
 KELK, n. the roe or melt of a fish, a young 
 
 bird. 
 Calf. 
 
 CHILVER, a young sheep. 
 Child. 
 
 C**L. 
 
 KIEL, Fr.~ 
 
 f a well-spring. 
 KILD, Fr.j 
 
 KELD, n. a well, the smooth water of a river. 
 KEYLD, a spring. 
 KELL, w.l 
 Kiln. J 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 Many of these stems mean something of the 
 act of turning back, or even turning round ; 
 and it might seem unlikely that a word which 
 means to turn round could be a stem of the 
 root K*NG, to stop a thing in motion. The 
 northern dialects show how it is so. Chare in 
 the north means to stop or turn round, as a 
 wrong-running cow, for instance, and as she is 
 so chared, her onward motion is checked, and a 
 turning or revolving motion begins. Thence 
 
 KEER, Fr. 
 
 ~ f to turn. 
 
 CYR-AN, o.
 
 110 K*NG. 
 
 KURN, n. ~j 
 
 Churn. 
 
 CHARN, n.\ 
 
 KERN milk, n. butter-milk. 
 
 Kern, to turn to fruit? 
 
 Kernel ? 
 
 KUR-MA, what turns. 
 
 CHDRM, w. a churn. 
 
 CHIWR, 
 
 COOR, f , 
 
 \- a turn of work. 
 CORE, 
 
 JAR, n. 
 
 Char, 
 
 CHOOR-WOMAN, w. one who takes turns of work. 
 
 CHARE, n. to turn, as a wrong-running cow. 
 
 CHARE, n. a turn, a small street turning. 
 
 KERB-stone. 
 
 Curd, milk turned. 
 
 KRILL, Fr. to twist, twine. 
 
 Curl. 
 
 Kreel, n. an open osier basket. 
 
 Crate, a kind of bier for slaughtering sheep 
 
 on. 
 
 CREIL, n. a dwarfish crooked man. 
 CURST, w. crooked, crabbed in mind. 
 Jar. 
 Jar, a door on the jar, i. e. somewhere on its 
 
 turning space.
 
 CL*NG. Ill 
 
 JOR-MA, what turns, or is round, a jorum. 
 
 Cower 
 
 COUR, 
 
 > to ruck, or bend down, 
 i, re./ 
 
 CARRE, n. a marsh, a stopping of running- 
 water. 
 
 CAR-WATER, n. red bog-water. 
 CAR, e. an alder bere, or wood on a moist soil. 
 
 CAR-SIKE, n.l 
 
 ^ . , > a car-gutter. 
 
 Carsick, J 
 
 Carve, to cut. 
 
 KERF, w. a cutting, or layer of hay or turf. 
 
 KERSE, s. 
 
 TT f a saw kerf. 
 
 KERF, 
 
 KERP, w. to carp at, censure. 
 
 T 
 
 CL*NG. 
 
 1. 
 
 cling, or hold to a surface, or aught else, 
 or to hold, or catch aught else. 
 
 2. 
 
 To hold together. 
 
 3. 
 
 To be close, since clinging to a surface im- 
 plies closeness to it.
 
 112 CL*NG. 
 
 4. 
 
 To make any of the sounds, the type of 
 which is the striking of one hard body on another. 
 
 NG. 
 
 Cling. 
 
 CLING, n. shrivel up together. 
 CLUNG, n. closed up, shrivelled, shrunk. 
 CLUNGY, n. clingy. 
 
 NK. 
 
 KLAINK, Fr. a latch. 
 
 CLINK, n. a strong-holding nail. 
 
 CLINKER, w. a hard knob of coal, c. clinging 
 
 to a fire-grate. 
 CLINKER-BELL, an icicle. 
 CLINK,! to bend the top of a nail into a hold- 
 Clinch,/ ing hook. 
 
 NCH. 
 
 CLUNCHT, e. short, thick, clumsy. 
 
 CLAG, n. to stick. 
 CLEGGER, n. to cling. 
 CLAGGY, n. 1 
 CLODGY, s. w. > sticky. 
 CLIDGY, s. w. \
 
 CL*NG. 113 
 
 CLAEG, o.l 
 
 Clay. ' / 
 
 CLEG, n. the gad-fly. 
 
 Clog. 
 
 CLAG, w. to stick in a bog. 
 
 CLOGS, n. wooden shoes. 
 
 DGE. 
 
 CLODGY, "] , ... , , 
 
 n f close-grown, thick, clumsy. 
 
 L^LUDGY, S. \ 
 
 CLODGER, e. the cover of a book. 
 
 TT 
 
 CLICK, n. a peg to hang clothes, &c. 
 KLiCK-hooks, n. large fishing-hooks. 
 CLOCK, the dor-beetle, cockchafer. 
 
 CLACK, w.l , 
 
 > to scratch. 
 CLOWK, n.j 
 
 CLICK, n. to catch up. 
 Cloke. 
 
 CH. 
 
 Clutch. 
 
 CLUTCH, s. holding on, close. 
 
 CLEACHING-net,l , ... 
 
 > a shutting net. 
 
 CLINCHING-net, J 
 
 Stub roots. 
 Claw. 
 Cloy.
 
 114 CL*NG. 
 
 Clue, the lower corner of a sail, holding by the 
 
 rope. 
 Clue, what holds together. 
 
 ~ ' ' \- the flood-gates of a mill-dam. 
 CLEWS, n.j 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 CLOZZONS, n. talons, clutches. 
 Close. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Cluster, what holds together. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 Clash, n. to strike together. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 CLEA-MA, o. what clings or holds, a grasping 
 between two forces, as those of finger and 
 thumb, or the two arms, or two legs. 
 
 " Myn tomm' in finger klomje," Fr. 
 " My thumb and finger grasp." 
 
 " Mot ich beyd om-klimme," Fr. 
 " Might I embrace both." 
 
 CLAG-MA, o. what clings. 
 
 CLAGGOM, n. hard-boiled treacle. 
 
 CLAM, n. a small vice. 
 
 CLUM, w. to gripe with fingers and thumb. 
 
 CLIMB, to gripe with arms and legs.
 
 CL*NG. 115 
 
 CLAM, n. to stick together. 
 
 " Byclamd in een misdedd." (Frisian Laws). 
 (( Caught in a misdeed." 
 
 CLAMS, n. pincers. 
 
 CLAMP. 
 
 CLAUMB, 1 
 
 CLOMP, e. > to climb. 
 
 Clamber, J 
 
 CLUMPET, n. griped or benumbed with cold. 
 
 Clump, - 
 
 > to tread heavily. 
 CLUMPER, e. s. 
 
 CLUNTER, n. J 
 
 CLUMPERS, e. heavy clogs or shoes. 
 Clumsy. 
 
 CLUMPISH, s. clumsy in gait. 
 CLOAM, s. w. clay, clay-ware. 
 CLAME, n. to bedaub. 
 CLAMPS, n. e. s. brandirons. 
 CLAM, w. a tree-stem thrown over a stream for 
 a bridge. 
 
 GLEAM, n.~\ . 
 
 p, > to glue together. 
 
 Stems for sounds of the root. 
 Clang. 
 
 CLANK, n. a loud stroke. 
 CLINK, e. s. a smart slap. 
 Cluck.
 
 116 CL*NG. 
 
 ' 1 
 
 ER, W.j 
 
 Click. 
 Clack. 
 Clacker. 
 CLACKER, 
 Clock. 
 
 CLOTCH, e. to tread thumpingly. 
 Clap. 
 
 CLAVERS, n. idle tales. 
 Clatter. 
 
 CLATTER, n. prattle. 
 
 CLUNTER, n. to make a rude noise with the 
 feet. 
 
 B. Steins. 
 
 KLAPPE, JFr.l clap hands, &c., apply one surface 
 
 Clap, J to another. 
 
 Clasp. 
 
 Clip. 
 
 CLIPS, n. pot-hooks. 
 
 Club, men who hold together. 
 
 CLAFFER, w.l , . n . , 
 
 ^ > to cleave, climb. 
 
 CLAVER, n. J 
 
 CLAVERS, n. 
 
 CLYTE, s. , r r , 
 
 p [ what clings or climbs, goose- 
 
 CLEDEN, w. 
 
 grass. 
 
 CLIVERS, s. 
 
 CLAVER, w.l , , , 
 ^ > to clamber. 
 
 CLEVER, J 
 
 CLEVE, zc. Pink ?
 
 CL*NG. 117 
 
 CLAVY, w. ? 
 
 CLAVEL? 
 
 Cloff, what sticks on? 
 
 CLEAVE, "1 , ,. 
 TX T-T ? to cling. 
 
 KLIEVE, Fr.j 
 
 CLOFFEY, n. a (sticky) slattern. 
 
 CLUFF, n. to strike. 
 
 CLEAS, n. e. w. "1 
 
 CLAWS, of a bird./ 
 
 CLUVES, n. horses' or cows' hoofs. 
 
 Clover. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 CLEET, n. w.~\ , ,. . , 
 
 > a plate of iron on shoes, a patch. 
 CLOUT, e. J 
 
 CLEET, s. n. hoof of a cow. 
 CLOOT, n. a cloven hoof. 
 CLOIT, n. a dolt, clod. 
 
 CLOUTS, n.~\ , r , , , 
 n > what clings, burdock. 
 
 VyLOTS, 72. I 
 
 CLUTTERS, n. heaps. 
 
 CLUTTER, s. to throw into confusion. 
 
 KLATTE, tuft, clit. 
 
 CLUD, o. 
 
 CLAD, s. 
 
 Clod, 
 
 i- what holds together. 
 
 Clot, 
 
 Cloud, 
 
 CLUD-nut, n. a double nut.
 
 118 CL*NG. 
 
 CLUDSTER, "1 
 
 CLUTTER, n. > what holds together. 
 
 Cluster, 
 
 p ' > thick, plump, close-grown. 
 
 GLUT 1 
 
 > a blow with the fist, or bunchy hand, 
 CLOUT,J < 
 
 CLATTY, . clingy with dirt. 
 CLATE, n. to daub. 
 
 CLOTE?*W. the water-lily, with leaves cling- 
 ing to the water. 
 Clout. \ 
 ClotheJ 
 
 CLEATS, e. the claws of a lobster. 
 CLEAT-BOARDS, s. mud-pattens. 
 CLITE, CLAYT, e. clay or mire. 
 CLIT, 5. clingy, clayey. 
 
 CLITTY, w. bread imperfectly fermented, clingy 
 CLAUT, n. to claw, scrape together. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 CLOOR, n. a small lump, or swelling. 
 CLART, n. to spread, or smear. 
 CLARTY, n. smeared, sticky.
 
 119 
 
 CN*NG. 
 
 1. 
 
 T 
 
 be hard. 
 
 2. 
 
 To be a knob or knot. 
 
 3. 
 
 To make any of a set of sounds the type of 
 which was the knocking of hard bodies. 
 
 4. 
 To strike as with or on a hard body, to gnaw. 
 
 NG. 
 Gnang, s. w. to grind with the teeth. 
 
 K. 
 
 Knock. 
 
 Knack, to make a little knock. 
 KNOCKLE, e. a mallet. 
 Knack, a skilful blow or stroke. 
 Knacker, a man of small work. 
 Knick-knack. 
 
 NICKER-PECKER, n. a wood-pecker, wood- 
 knocker.
 
 120 CN*NG. 
 
 Knuckle. 
 
 KNACK, n. to talk affectedly. 
 
 KNUCHER, s. to chatter, giggle. 
 
 KNAG, a knot in wood. 
 
 KNAGGY, n. knotty. 
 
 GNAG, n.~\ 
 
 Gnaw. / 
 
 KNAEGINGE inne gaest, Fr. vexation in soul. 
 
 KNAGUE, n.l 
 
 NAGGLE, w.J 
 
 KNIGGLE,! , ,., . ., .,, , 
 , T . , > to bite or irritate with words. 
 Niggle, J 
 
 KNAGGY, n. niggling, irritable. 
 KNECHT, Ger.} was at first what is called a 
 CNIHT, o. V hard-boy, a youth, thence a 
 Knight, waiting-boy, a man-follower. 
 
 KNiGHTLE-man, n. a hard, active man. 
 
 DGE. 
 Nudge. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 Gnash. 
 
 Sound stems. 
 Neigh. 
 Nag. 
 NIGGER, e. a little neighing, a giggle.
 
 CN*NG. 121 
 
 " You Assnegger," w. You fool that neigh like 
 
 an ass. 
 NICKER, n. to neigh, laugh coarsely. 
 
 Stub stems. 
 
 Knee. 
 
 KNE, Fr. to knead. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 KNIBBLE, Fr.~\ 
 Kneel. J 
 
 KNUBBLE, e. a small knob. 
 KNUBBLE, e. to handle numbly. 
 
 NAUP, n.~\ ', . , , 
 , T > to beat with the fist. 
 
 NOB, n. J 
 
 Knob, 
 
 KNUB, e. s. 
 
 KNAP, w. a small hill. 
 
 KNOOP, n. the cloud-berry. 
 
 Knapweed. 
 
 Knapsack ? 
 
 KNOPPET, e. a little knob, clod, lump. 
 
 KNAPPEK, s. the head. 
 
 KNOB, n. a washing-tub. 
 
 K-NAB. 
 
 K-NABBITY, e. short and thick in growth. 
 
 KNOB, n. to strike. 
 
 K-NOPE, n. a little blow. 
 
 K-NOBSON, n. a blow on the head.
 
 122 CN*NG. 
 
 KNAP, to break. 
 KNABBLE, s. to chatter. 
 
 KNEP, n. "1 , . 
 
 T ^ > to bite. gnaw. 
 
 KNIFE, n.j 
 
 NAUP, n. to beat. 
 
 f at first a hard-boy, as he is now 
 KNAP A, o. , ,, i r i 
 
 4 called ; then a slave-boy, and so 
 Knave, , 
 
 [_ knave. 
 
 KNEAF, o. a fist. 
 
 - n. a hand. 
 
 NEVEL, n. to beat with the fist 
 
 NEAPENS, both hands full. 
 
 what was hard-edged for cutting, at 
 first it may be a flint or stone, or 
 
 , . ,. 
 
 ' - 
 CNIF,O. 1 
 
 afterwards steel ; cuttingness now 
 
 v i j ., i x xu 
 
 implies hardness of the tool to the 
 
 substance. 
 Nave, of a wheel, boss or knob. 
 NAFFIN, n. a blockhead, bosshead. 
 
 J*favel 
 
 AT }. of the body, the little boss. 
 
 NOBLE, e.j 
 
 D. Stems. 
 Knot. 
 KNOTTLED, s. stunted in growth. 
 
 KNOTLINGS, "| , . , . . 
 T7 . > knitted intestines. 
 
 KNETLENS, zc.J 
 
 KNIT. 
 
 KNITTLE, I , , - , 
 
 Tr . > to knit or draw together. 
 
 KNETTLE,/
 
 CR*NG. 123 
 
 KNETTER, a gathering string. 
 Knettles, (sea), two untwisted but knotted rope- 
 yarns to bind a block, &c. 
 Knead. 
 Nit? 
 Nut. 
 
 NATH, n. the nut or nave of a wheel. 
 GNATTER, n. to keep gnawing. 
 Gnat. 
 
 KNATTLE, n.'} , , , , . 
 NATTLE, j to keep knocking. 
 
 NATTER, n. to scold. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 Knoll. 
 KNOLL; e. turnips. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 KNARE, "1 
 
 KNOR, s. la hard knot. 
 KNORL, J 
 GNARLED. 
 KNARL, n, a stunted man. 
 
 * CR*NG. 
 
 HR*NG. 
 1. 
 
 bend up as a stick. 
 
 To squeeze up, compress ; but over- 
 
 T
 
 124 CK*NG. 
 
 bending of a rigid body becomes, at last, the 
 act of breaking ; and so 
 
 2. 
 
 To breaking is applied another section of 
 the stems; and the sound made by a break- 
 ing body is the type of a set of sounds, croak, 
 crack, creak, cry, crow, croop, &c. 
 
 3. 
 
 At breaking the stick would form an angular 
 hollow, a creek. 
 
 4. 
 
 To crunch or break by compression. 
 
 This root may be taken as that of the bent 
 stick. 
 
 NG. 
 
 CRING, Fr."[ 
 Ring. J 
 
 CRINGLE, n. a ring of withes or rope to fasten 
 a gate. 
 
 CRINGLE, CRANGLE, <?. s.~) . 
 
 ~ ,, > zig-zag, turning. 
 
 CRINKLE, CRUNKLE, J 
 
 NK. 
 
 CRANK, a bent lever. 
 
 CRANKS, playful bendings or twistings of the 
 
 body, &c. 
 CRANK, s. playful, merry.
 
 CK*NG. 125 
 
 CRANKLE, n. weak, shattered. 
 
 to go winding about. 
 
 CRANKY, checked, as a kerchief. 
 CRINKLE, n. ~j 
 
 CRICKLE, n. j. to bend under a weight. 
 CRUCKLE, n. j 
 
 NGE. 
 CRINGE. 
 
 NCH. 
 Crunch, "1 
 CRANCH, n. L 
 CRINCH, e. J 
 
 G. 
 CRAGG, s. a beer-barrel. 
 
 K. 
 
 Crook. 
 
 Crock, bowed timber, knees. 
 
 Crick, "1 an angle or bending. " Every 
 
 KRICK, jFV.J crick and corner." 
 
 Crock. 
 
 Cricket, n. a small three-legged stool. 
 
 CH. 
 
 Cratch, a pannier, rack. 
 CROTCH, e. the angle of two arms of a tree. 
 Crutch. 
 Crouch. 
 
 Stub stems. 
 Crew. 1 
 Croud.J
 
 126 CR*NG. 
 
 Crewel, of worsted. 
 
 CRAW, what is bent or squeezed up ? 
 
 Crowfoot ? 
 
 Crayfish? 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Crust. 
 Crusty. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 Crease. 
 
 CRAIZEY, e. the crowfoot. 
 CROWSE, n. jolly, cranky. 
 Craze, to crack a little, 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 Crush. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 CROC-MA, what bends. 
 
 CROME, e. s. a long-handled hook, a nut-crome, 
 
 a nut-hook. 
 
 CRIMBLE, e. to wind about unperceived. 
 CRUMMY, n. crooked. 
 Crump, crook-backed. 
 CRAMBLE, m. ~\ 
 
 CRAMLE, n. ,, , ,. , 
 
 ~ V to walk bendmgly as lame. 
 
 CRAMPLE, e. 
 
 CRIMBLE, o. J 
 CRAMLIN, n. lame. 
 KREAGE, Fr. to pinch, gripe.
 
 CR*NG. 127 
 
 CREEM, s. w. to squeeze up, crimp up linen, 
 
 to cramp the hands. 
 CREEM, w. a sudden shivering-fit. 
 Crimp. 
 Cramp. 
 Cram. 
 
 Crumple, n. s. to ruffle. 
 Crumpling. 
 Crumb, what is crushed off. 
 
 CRTJMELS, w.l 
 
 r, V1 t crumbs. 
 
 Crumbles, e. j 
 
 Crumble. 
 Grumpy, brittle. 
 
 Stem-words of sound. 
 
 CRONK, n. croak. 
 
 CRANKY, w. ailing, complaining. 
 
 CRANCK, n. to crackle, grind by the teeth. 
 
 CRANK, "| 
 
 CRANKY,J 
 
 Croak. 
 
 Creak. 
 
 CRACKLE, n. 
 
 Cricket. 
 
 Crack. 
 
 Crackle. 
 
 CRACK, e. to converse. 
 
 CRACK, e.~ 
 
 ~ f to boast, brag. 
 
 CRAKE, e. \
 
 128 CR*NG. 
 
 CRAKE, n.l 
 
 Crow. J 
 
 Corncrake. 
 
 Cracknells. 
 
 Croopy, n. hoarse. 
 
 Cry. 
 
 CREA-MA, what makes a cr*ng sound ; the crime 
 
 of the country, w. the common cry or talk. 
 Churm.l 
 Charm. J 
 
 Croon, n. to bellow. 
 Chirp. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 GRUB, crust. 
 CRAB, n. a windlass. 
 Creep, to go bending. 
 CROOP, w. to bend down. 
 Crab, what creeps awry. 
 Crabbed, bent awry. 
 Cripple. 
 
 CRUP, e. s. crisp. 
 CRUPPER. 
 
 CREEVEL, n. a fine worsted. 
 Crave, to ask bowingly. 
 Craven. 
 
 CRUVE, n. a hovel. 
 Craft, compressing might. 
 Croft, a compressed inclosure.
 
 H*NG. 129 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 CROWD, -| . 
 
 p to bend up the body in a lump ; 
 
 CBOODUS,* f io . ^ d snug together ' as 
 CRUDLE, w. J 
 
 CRADDEN, bending, yielding, cowardly. 
 CRUT, n. a crumb or piece, a dwarf. 
 CRUTTLE, n. brittle. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 Cranny. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Crawl, to go bending. 
 CREIL, n. a kind of basket. 
 
 H*NG. 
 First branch. 
 
 1. 
 
 TO hang. 
 To be hung up, or high, or to hang up. 
 
 2. 
 
 To hang, or lean onward in body or mind, or 
 to hie towards some object. 
 
 K
 
 130 H*NG. 
 
 3. 
 To pull with a loose fastening. 
 
 4. 
 To strike with what is hanging or swinging. 
 
 Second branch. 
 To hang over or on, to cover, inclose. 
 
 First branch. 
 NG. 
 
 Hang. 
 
 HANGLE, s. w. a pot-hanger. 
 
 HANG, e. a crop, or hanging of fruit on a 
 
 tree. 
 
 HINGLE, e. a small hinge. 
 Hunger, (2). 
 
 NK. 
 
 HANKER, n.~\ . . , . . , 
 
 > to hang towards, in mind. 
 liAiM'j, n. I 
 
 Hank, one hanging of thread, or other string, 
 one made of withe, or rope for fastening a 
 gate. 
 
 HANK, n. a hanging of the mind, a habit. 
 
 HANKERED-wheat, n. hanging or bowed wheat. 
 
 HANKLE, n. to tangle in a hank.
 
 H*NG. 131 
 
 NGE. 
 
 Hinge. 1 
 
 HINGLE, n. e.J 
 
 NCH. 
 
 Haunches, the hangings of the legs to the 
 
 body. 
 HAINCH, n. to throw a stone from the hanging 
 
 hand. 
 Hunch, to lift, shove. 
 
 Hounch,] , . ., , 
 , > what is luted up. 
 Hunch, J 
 
 HAGGISH, n. a loose-hanging, unwieldy man. 
 Hug, n. to carry. 
 
 TT i ' I" to hang back in a bargain. 
 Haggle,/ 
 
 HAGHES, n. haws, hangles. 
 
 HAGGAGE, w. a loose-hanging slattern. 
 
 HOUGHER, n. the public hangman ? or whipper. 
 
 HAGGERS, n. hangers, old feetless stockings. 
 
 High. 
 
 Height. 
 
 HAWGH, w.l , ... 
 } a hill. 
 Haw, n. J 
 
 HOGH, n.~\ ,. 
 > a hill. 
 HOE, n. J 
 
 Hill. 
 
 Hie, to hasten on.
 
 132 H*NG. 
 
 HAGGLE, w."j 
 HAEGEL, o. I 
 Hail? J 
 
 HODGE, w.~) , . , , . ,, 
 
 TT > to hop, go with hanging toot. 
 
 xlOTCH, fl, \ 
 
 HODGE, "1 
 HUDGY, w. > hill-like. 
 Huge, J 
 
 K. 
 
 HAKE, n. hang back, loiter. 
 HAKE, s. e. pot-hangers, draught-irons of a 
 plough. 
 
 HACK, e. } , . . 
 
 TT > to hang in speech, stammer. 
 
 HACKER, s. } 
 
 HOOK-SEAMS, n. donkey-panniers. 
 
 HACKiNG-cough, e. w. a hanging cough. 
 
 HACKLE, to shackle or tether beasts. 
 
 Hock, the hanging of the foot. 
 
 HICK, w. to hop with one leg hung up. 
 
 Huckster, ~| at first one who carried about 
 
 HIGGLER ? / goods for sale in panniers. 
 
 Hook. 
 
 Muck-hack, dung-prongs. 
 
 HUGGANS, n. 
 
 Huckles, 
 
 HUKENS, 
 
 HUG-BONES, 
 HUCKSENS, 
 HUCKSHENS, W. . 
 
 the hanging joints of the 
 leg, the hips.
 
 H*NG. 133 
 
 f " Mucksen to the huksen." 
 < Huck-muck. 
 [Hugger-mugger, n. 
 Dirty up to the buckle. 
 
 TCH. 
 
 Hitch, to hang on. 
 
 HITCH, n. to kick, strike with hanging foot. 
 HOTCH, n. to go lame with hanging foot. 
 HOY, n. to heave, throw. 
 HOY-CART, n. an up-tipping cart. 
 
 Ho, W. 1*1, -4.U 
 
 to hang with uneasiness on 
 HOGIAN, o. > f . . 
 
 TT _, tuture uncertainties. 
 
 HOWGGJE, Fr.j 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Haste, to hang onward. 
 
 6. Stems. 
 
 Hawser, an up-hanging or hoisting rope. 
 Hawses, rope-holes of a ship. 
 
 Hoise,! , 
 
 TT . , > to hang up, raise. 
 
 Hoist, J 
 
 HEEZE, n. to lift up with violence. 
 
 HOZE, w. ~\ , , 
 
 > to hug up. 
 HAWZE, w.j 
 
 HASPAT, n. a long-hanging youth, a hobble- 
 dehoy. 
 HASPIN, n. an idle fellow.
 
 134 H*NG. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 HASH, n. a sloven, loose-hanging man. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 Hammer, a hung, or swung striker. 
 Hump, what is up. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 HIPPLE, Fr.~\ , 
 
 TT . I what goes or is up, in motion or 
 
 Hip, n. > , 
 
 form. 
 Hop, J 
 
 HIPPING-STONE, n* stepping or hopping stones 
 over water. 
 
 HOBBLE.1 , 
 
 > a hanging or uncertain case. 
 
 HOPPLE,] 
 
 TT r a horse, especially to chil- 
 
 dren, the up -and -down - 
 HOPPE, Fr. \ . L . 
 
 TT ,-, ffoing horse, in trottme;, 
 
 HOBBOO, Eng. - 
 
 L cantering, &c. 
 
 HOBBY-HORSE, a toy-horse going up and down. 
 HOBBY-LANTERN, an ignis fatuus, dancing up 
 
 and down. 
 HOB-NOB. 
 
 HOBBY, a pet thing, as if dandled. 
 HOB-LAMB, s. a pet-lamb. 
 HOBBLY, e. uneven, as a road. 
 HOBBLES, e. humps and hollows in a road. 
 HIPPES, n. cops of hay.
 
 H*NG. 135 
 
 Hobblers, men on land towing vessels by a 
 
 rope. 
 HOB, HUB, e. the nave of a wheel, guard of a 
 
 sword. 
 Hep. 
 
 HOPPET, n. a basket, seed-lip. 
 Hobble, Hobgoblin. 
 
 HlPPETY-HOY, S.I , 
 
 TT > a tall, hanging youth. 
 
 HOBBLEDY-HOY, J 
 
 HAWPS, n. s. a tall ungainly girl. 
 
 > the hanging joint of the leg. 
 
 XlIDCrE, fl. \ 
 
 Heap, what is up. 
 
 HAFPETS, n. cheeks, heaps. 
 
 Hope, a hanging on a happy uncertainty. 
 
 Hap, a hanging, uncertainty. 
 
 Hop-plant, the hanging plant. 
 
 Heave. 
 
 HEFT, 5. w. the weight of a thing as heaved. 
 
 HEAVLE, m. w. a heaving tool, a dung-fork. 
 
 Heffle, n. to hang back, hesitate. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 HOUT, n. a loose-hanging idle fellow. 
 HOYTING, n. loose mirth. 
 HAWTH-MA, o. what hangs up. 
 HAWTHEM, w. a hitch or pin in a wall to 
 
 hang things on. 
 Hit.
 
 136 H*N G. 
 
 HATTER, e. to shake, beat, harass. 
 Heed, to lean or hang to. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 HELLA, Fr."\ 
 
 Haul, > to draw. 
 
 Hawl, J 
 
 HALE, n. s. a pot-hook, for drawing up or hold- 
 ing up a pot. 
 
 HALE, n. "j 
 
 HELLE, n. i to draw off liquor. 
 
 HELE, w. J 
 
 HEALD, n. s. to tip up a vessel, for drawing off 
 liquor. 
 
 HILD, e. sediment. 
 
 Halser, a drawing rope. 
 
 Halter. 
 
 HALSH, n. to halter, tie. 
 
 Heel, what rises ? in walking. 
 
 Holly-hock, the high plant. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 HANT, n.~\ , , , f , 
 
 I what one hangs about or after, or 
 JtiEFT, n, f f 
 
 frequents. 
 Haunt, J 
 
 Hunt, to hie after. 
 
 Hound. 
 
 HEN, n. to hurl.
 
 H*NG. 137 
 
 R. Stems. 
 HARROW, m} the han S in S side ofa gate. 
 
 > to hang to sounds. 
 Hearken,J 
 
 Harry, to hang, or hie after. 
 
 HARRY-GAUD, n. a wild girl. 
 
 HAIRISH, n. to harass. 
 
 KERRY, n. to rifle, rob a nest. 
 
 HARE, s. to harry, affright, make wild. 
 
 Hare? 
 
 HEAR-MA, o. what harries, or vexes, harm, care. 
 
 HEARMA, Fr. harm, care, pain. 
 
 HE ARM-SCARE, Fr.'} , . . 
 
 ]> care-driving. 
 Harum-scarum, J 
 
 Hurry, to hie on. 
 
 HARR, a tempest. 
 
 HARRIAGE, e. confusion. 
 
 HARR, n. to snarl, as a dog. 
 
 Harsh, given to harry ? 
 
 Hurt, to harry ? 
 
 HURTLE, w. a spot, a hurt? 
 
 Hoar-frost, frost hanging on trees, &c. 
 
 HAR, n. ~) , . . 
 
 HARL, n f han g m S ram a mist * or f S- 
 
 Hurl, to cast with hanging hand. 
 Hire, what hangs a man to work. 
 H*NG, to cut or chop with a hanging or swing- 
 ing tool.
 
 138 H*NG. 
 
 Hanger. 
 
 HAG, n. -\ 
 
 Hack, I to cut, chop. 
 
 HACKLE, J 
 
 Trr- 
 
 Heckle, ] , 
 TT > to chop ? 
 
 HATCHEL,J 
 
 HICKLE, TW. M\~) , , 
 
 TT > a wood-pecker. 
 
 HECKLE, m. w.J 
 
 HACK, 5.1 a pole-hook for cutting pease or 
 Hook, s. J hedges. 
 Hatchet. 
 
 HAG-CLOG, n. a chopping-block. 
 HACKER, to chop with the teeth, as from 
 cold. 
 
 TT ' > to chop earth with a hoe. 
 Hoe, J 
 
 Hew. 
 
 Hay, what is cut. 
 
 Hash, to chop up. 
 
 H*NG. 
 
 Second branch. 
 To hang over or on, to cover, inclose. 
 
 NG. 
 HANGER, s. a cover, covert, copse.
 
 H*NG. 139 
 
 Haeg,] 
 
 f inclosure, defence, hedge. 
 
 HAG, n. a cover, or covert of wood, copse. 
 HAG-WORM, n. a snake, blind-worm. 
 HAGESTER, e. a magpie. 
 HAGGEN-BAG, w. meat cooked in a cover or 
 crust. 
 
 TT ' . \ an inclosure, the belly. 
 Haggis, n.) 
 
 DGE. 
 
 Hedge, what incloses. 
 
 Hedge-hog, an inclosed or fenced hog. 
 
 K. 
 
 HUCK, s. a pea-pod. 
 HAWK, a finger-stall. 
 HEEK, n. a crib. 
 HECK, n. an inclosure. 
 HAWKY,] 
 
 HOCKT, | ^ mclosure > a S ame ' 
 HACKLE, w. the thatch covering of a hive. 
 
 n. hair, or wool. 
 
 w. the mane of a hog. 
 
 TCH. 
 
 HAEC, o. what shuts up, the bar of a door. 
 
 HACK, e. ] . , , , ,, , 
 TT > a wicket, half door. 
 
 HATCH, s. w.j
 
 140 H*NG. 
 
 HACK, w. a brick-drying frame. 
 HECK-DOOR, n. the inner door. 
 Hatch, at a wear, a kind of door. 
 HOOCH, w. to hang over, crouch. 
 Hutch, what incloses. 
 HAW, s. e. a close, inclosure. 
 Hawthorn. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 HALSS, n. the throat. 
 
 House, a covering. 
 
 Housings, coverings. 
 
 Hustings, a covered stage. 
 
 Hustle, to inclose. 
 
 Haze, a covering of mist, &c. 
 
 Hazy. "1 
 
 HAICHY. j 
 
 Hose, leg coverings. 
 
 Hazel, I , ,, f 
 
 _ } a shell, as of a nut. 
 HASEL, Fr.j 
 
 Hassock, a stuffed covering ? 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 Husk, what covers. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 HAEGMA, HAEMA, o. home, what incloses or 
 
 covers, or is inclosed, or covered. 
 Home. 
 Ham, an inclosed mead.
 
 H*NG. 141 
 
 HAMMEL, n. a village. 
 
 HEMMEL, s. a fold, n. a cowshed, hovel, small 
 house. 
 
 HAMES, w. wooden frames inclosing or cover- 
 ing a horse's collar. 
 
 Hamper, what incloses. 
 
 Hammer-cloth, what covers ? 
 
 Hem, a covering or inclosing. 
 
 Hemlock, what incloses, hollow ? 
 
 HUMMA, n. what is inclosed by the thumb and 
 finger, a pinch. 
 
 Gossamer, a covering, or inclosing substance. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 HOPE, n. a vale head, an inclosed valley. 
 Hoop, what incloses, or surrounds. 
 HOPPET, n. a little hand-basket. 
 HAP, n. to cover warmly, as in bed. 
 HAP, n. a covering of coarse cloth. 
 HAPPING, n. a rug, covering. 
 HIPPING, n. a cloth for an infant. 
 Hapron, n. apron. 
 HUEL, n.' 
 
 f a shell, skin, husk. 
 HEUL, .J 
 
 HAPS, w.l , 
 
 > what closes. 
 Hasp, J 
 
 HOF, Fr. a fence, a halo round the moon. 
 Hoof, what covers the foot. 
 HUFF, e. a dry scale on the skin.
 
 142 H*NG. 
 
 HUFFLE, a finger-stall. 
 Hufcap ? 
 
 HAVEN, 1 , . . . 
 
 TT > the cast-skin of a snake. 
 
 HAVEL, e.J 
 
 HAVILLER,! 
 
 TT \ a crab. 
 
 HEAVER, e.J 
 
 Hive, a bee-hive. 
 HIVES, n. blisters, risings. 
 
 > what is covered, (with hair). 
 HEOFED, o.J 
 
 Hovel. 
 Heaven, "I , 
 
 HEOFON,4 g Vermg> y< 
 
 HIE-HOWFF, Sc. a refuge, cover. 
 Heifer, which is covered a tauro ? 
 Haven, an inclosed piece of sea. 
 HAV-NET, e. a hedge-net. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 Hide, to cover. 
 
 HIDLOCK, w. a hiding. 
 
 Hat. 
 
 Hood. 
 
 Hide, skin. 
 
 HUD, s. w. a hood, or hull, or seed-vessel. 
 
 HUDDOCK, n. a covered cabin in a keel. 
 
 HUDDOCK, w. 5.1 
 
 HOTTLE, n. > a little hood, a finger-stall. 
 
 HUTKIN, e.
 
 H*NG. 143 
 
 HUTTOCK, n."[ a hile, or roof-like pile of 
 
 HATTOCK, w.j sheaves. 
 
 Hut. 
 
 Hod, what incloses or holds. 
 
 HOT, a dung-basket. 
 
 HOTT, n. a clump of trees. 
 
 HUDDLE, n. to embrace. 
 
 HODMADOD, w. a shell-snail. 
 
 Haddock ? 
 
 HOTTUP, Sc. to heap, or cover up. 
 
 HEIDE, Ger.^ 
 
 HIE, Fr. > a covert, cover. 
 
 Heath, J 
 
 HATHE, in a hathe, as small-pox, in a thick 
 
 covering, sheet. 
 Hithe, an inclosed haven. 
 
 As a covering of the body is a keeping of 
 heat, so a stem of H*NG seems used for heat. 
 
 HAETU, o. heat. 
 
 Hate, heat of feeling. 
 
 HATTLE, n. fiery, violent, as a battle cow. 
 
 HOTTLE, n. a hot iron to burn with. 
 
 HETTER, n. eager, hot. 
 
 HODDEE, n. a heat-mist. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 HEX, w. to take in, inclose. 
 
 Inn, at first an inclosed place, abode.
 
 144 H*NG. 
 
 Hand, what takes in. 
 HANTLE, n. a handful. 
 Handsel, a hand-gift. 
 Hind, -1 
 
 HINA, o. an in-door servant, a house- 
 
 HI.JND, Fr. f man. 
 RENTING, n. j 
 
 HENNY-PENNY, n. the inclosed penny, the yel- 
 low rattle. 
 Hend, to take, inclose. 
 
 Handsome,] , . ,. ,. 
 
 TT ; taking, or captivating. 
 
 " The hendest in hawl." ( Old poem}. 
 
 I to shut up a field for mowing. 
 HAEGEN, o.j 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 HEAL, to cover; as to earth-up beans, pota- 
 toes, &c. 
 
 UN-HEAL, w. to unroof or uncover a house. 
 HULL, a covering, shed, pig-hull, a pigsty. 
 
 HALLON,] . , . 
 
 Tr > n. an inclosing screen. 
 
 HOLLONj 
 
 Hole, an inclosed space. 
 
 Hall, at first an inclosed homestead. 
 
 HILE, w. a roof-like pile of sheaves. 
 
 Holt, a covert, wood. 
 
 Help, protect, cover. 
 
 HULL, 
 
 ( cap, hood.
 
 H*NG. 145 
 
 HULDER, s. w. to hide. 
 
 HELLIEK, a coverer. 
 
 HELMA, o. what covers or incloses, thence 
 
 Helm, Helmet, a head-covering. 
 
 HELM, n. a shed, or hovel. 
 
 HILLING, n. a covering. 
 
 HELTING, n. a coverlet. 
 
 HULLY, w. a long wicker trap for catching eels. 
 
 HOLVE, w. to invert. 
 
 Hollow, inclosed. 
 
 HOLMA, what is hollow. 
 
 HULM. "1 
 
 HAWLM.J 
 
 HOWL, n. empty, hungry. 
 
 HOWL, (of the wind), to sound hollow. 
 
 Hulk. 
 
 Helm, w. wheat-straw for thatching. 
 
 HILT, w. what is covered ? a young sow. 
 
 Helter-skelter. 
 
 Holster, what incloses or covers. 
 
 H*L, the stem of holy, seems to have meant 
 inclosed or fenced in from profanation. 
 
 HALL, o. an omen. 
 
 HALZEN, ~) , 
 
 to give an omen. 
 HAZEN, w.J 
 
 Hold, to take in, inclose. 
 
 HELVE/] 
 
 Haft. / 
 
 L
 
 146 H*NG. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 HARE, m. what covers, a crop. 
 HAERFEST, 0.] ,, , . . 
 
 Harvest, j the crop-taking. 
 
 Hearth ? the covered or inclosed place ? 
 
 Hearse, a covered bier. 
 
 Horse, is an R stem of one of the branches of 
 the root H*NG, as is shown by Hengest, an old 
 word for stallion, but I do not know from 
 which. If it were from the latter branch,horse, 
 which meant a mare by sex, might mean what 
 is covered., qua3 inscenditur, and Hengest, qui 
 inscendit. I think, however, that horse is 
 the high or huge animal. (See first branch 
 of G stems). Thence, 
 
 HORSE-BRAMBLE, e. the wild rose. 
 
 Horse-chesnut. 
 
 Horse-laugh. 
 
 Horse-leech. 
 
 HORSE-STINGER, w. the dragon-fly. 
 
 HORSE-KNOPS, n. knapweed. 
 
 Horse-radish. 
 
 HORSEMA-GOG, e. s. a romping coarse person. 
 
 Hair, what covers. 
 
 HEARL, Fr. heckled flax. 
 
 HARLE, w. to intangle thread. 
 
 HEARN, Fr. yarn. 
 
 HARNS, n. brains, what is inclosed.
 
 L*NG. 147 
 
 HARLED, n. mottled, as cattle. 
 
 Heart, what is inclosed. 
 
 HAURD, Fr. fence, churchyard. 
 
 Hurdle. 
 
 Hoard, what is covered or inclosed for safe 
 
 keeping. 
 Herd. 
 HERSEL, n. 
 
 T 
 
 L*NG. 
 1. 
 
 be or make long, or to draw or reach on 
 in substance or motion, or in space or 
 time. 
 
 2. 
 
 To be or make loose in space or substance, in 
 will or action. 
 
 3. 
 
 To be loose or empty of other things. 
 
 4. 
 To draw in or round, inclose. 
 
 NG. 
 
 Long. 
 
 LANGOT, n. latchet. 
 
 LANG-STREAKED, n. stretched at full length. 
 
 LINGY, n. limber.
 
 148 L*NG. 
 
 Ling, loose, bendsome ? 
 
 LANGLE, e. to walk on longsomely, saunter. 
 
 LANGLE, n. to tie the legs at some little length 
 
 of string. 
 LUNG-SETTLE, n.'\ a long bench with a high 
 
 SADDLE, n.j back. 
 
 LONG-CRIPPLE, w. a viper. 
 
 Long-for, to reach on for, with the mind. 
 
 Lanky. 
 
 K. 
 
 Lencten, n. Lent, the lengthening of the days ? 
 
 LUNK, Fr.~\ . , . , , , 
 
 > the thigh, long- bone. 
 LONK, J 
 
 LONK, w. a dingle, valley. 
 LINK, n. to trip or strike along. 
 Link, one length, or what moves freely. 
 LINKS, n. what lie along, sand-ledges on the 
 sea-shore. 
 
 a ledge of land flattened for crops 
 LINCH, w. \ * . , f ,... 
 at the side 01 a hill. 
 
 LlNCHET,J 
 
 NGE. 
 
 ' > to reach horizontally. 
 Lunge, J 
 
 NCH. 
 
 LONCH, w. to make long strides. 
 LAINCH, a long stride. 
 Launch.
 
 L*NG. 149 
 
 - G. 
 
 Lug, a length, measure. 
 
 Lug, to pull along. 
 
 Luggage. 
 
 Log, a length of wood, &c. 
 
 LOGGY, w. 
 
 LOGGIN, s. a truss of long straw. 
 
 Leg, the long or free-moving limb. 
 
 Lag, to be longsome. 
 
 Lag wood, long or loose wood of a felled tree. 
 
 LOGGER, (of a wheel), to wamble loosely from 
 
 side to side. 
 
 Loggerhead, loose head. 
 LAGGER, w. a narrow ledge of ground. 
 LAG, n. the stave of a barrel. 
 
 LAKE, n. ] , , , . ,, 
 
 to be loose, idle, to play. 
 LAITCH, n.j 
 
 LUCKY, over-loose, as clothes. 
 LACKEY, w. to loiter. 
 LOUKING, n. loose, limping, gawky. 
 LUKE, Fr. to pull, draw. 
 LACKET, n. a small taking of money. 
 Lick, to draw along the tongue. 
 " LUKE it owt," Fr. pluck it out. 
 LOWK, n. lowk corn, to weed it. 
 " Look the head," w.
 
 150 L*NG. 
 
 , ' ' > a vegetable to be pulled up, onion. 
 
 LACK, s. to detract, pull. 
 Lack, to take, draw. 
 
 The suffix -lock, -leac, o. -lech, -ledge, in some 
 English words may be from L*K to draw, take 
 to oneself, as 
 
 Wedlock, the taking of a pledge. 
 
 Knowledge, "1 Al , ,. * . 
 
 > the getting of intelligence. 
 Knowlech, o.j 
 
 HIDELOCK, the taking of a hiding-place. 
 Wiflac, o. the taking of a wife. 
 Reaflac, o. the taking of plunder. 
 Liblac, o. the drawing away of life. 
 Lac, o. what is taken, a gift. 
 
 , k . -i 
 
 3K, n. > 
 
 > 
 
 L*C. 
 
 About loosening a substance by wet. 
 
 Leak. 
 
 LECK, 
 
 Lye. 
 
 LETCH, a leaking or holed vessel for wetting 
 
 ashes and making lye. 
 LETCH, n. a wet ditch. 
 Latch, o. to moisten. 
 
 LATCH-OU, e.1 to put more water on the mash 
 LECK-on, n. J when the wort has run off. 
 LATCH-pan, e. a dripping-pan.
 
 L*NG. 151 
 
 Leach-trough, s. a salt-draining-trough. 
 Litchfield, the wet plain. 
 Litchet, (Dorset), the wet land. 
 LITHE, n. to mix meal, &c. (with water ?). 
 LIT, n. to dye, dip. 
 
 CH. 
 
 Latchet, a loose strap. 
 LAITCHETY, s. loose, slatternly. 
 
 DRAWLATCH, s. ~] , . ,, 
 
 T, > longsome, idle. 
 
 DRAWLATCHET, w.j 
 
 LOTCH, n. to limp, or spring loosely. 
 Latch, a loose bar. 
 Leech, a loosener of pain. 
 LEECH, Fr. empty, a hole. 
 Loach ? a fish abiding in holes. 
 
 LIG, w.l r , 
 
 T . > lie along. 
 
 Lie, J 
 
 Lay. 
 
 LAY-LINE, s.l a fishing-line left lying with a 
 
 LIGGER, e. J bait. 
 
 Ledge, a flat-lying surface. 
 
 LAITER, w. all the eggs laid by a hen in the 
 
 laying season. 
 
 LAYER, s. e. what is laid, dung, soil. 
 Lay-stall, o. a place for laying rubbish, &c. 
 Low, down-lying. 
 Lees.
 
 152 L*NG. 
 
 Stub roots. 
 
 Low, n. w.~\ , , , 
 j > a ledge or hill. 
 
 To draw out, lengthen out. 
 
 LOGE, Fr. "i 
 
 LAEG, o. - r , 
 
 -. > name, light. 
 Low, n. 1 
 
 LA YE, n.J J 
 
 Light. 
 
 LEO- 
 
 LEAM, 
 
 LOOM, to shine, show. 
 
 LUNT, n. a light, a reef as of smoke. 
 
 MA, "I 
 
 f a flame. 
 [, n.} 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 
 Listen, to outreach. 
 
 Lust, loose will. 
 
 List, to long for. 
 
 LISTY, n. at ease, painless. 
 
 Last, 1 what is drawn or laden, a weight 
 
 LAST, Fr. J or load. 
 
 Lastage, payment for lading ? 
 
 LESTAL, n. heavy in lifting. 
 
 Last, to draw on. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 Lose. 
 Loose.
 
 L*NG. 153 
 
 T .. , a loose run for cattle. 
 
 LEASE, 
 
 Pig's LOOSE, n. pigsty. 
 Leasow, 1 
 
 3ASE, W. J 
 
 LEASE, w. to glean loose corn. 
 Lazy, loose of work. 
 Lozel, a lazy man. 
 LIZZENED, s. (corn), loose, lank. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 LASKJE, Fr. to add on, lengthen. 
 
 LUSK, a loose, lazy man. 
 
 Lask, n. looseness of bowels. 
 
 Lash, (of a whip), a loose or outreaching cord. 
 
 Eye-lashes, what outlengthen. 
 
 LISH, n. loose, nimble. 
 
 Lesk, m.\ 
 
 f a cattle run. 
 LISH, m. J 
 
 LASCHE, n. moist. 
 
 LASH, e. "1 soft and watery (fruits), instead of 
 
 LASHY, e.j hard and dry. 
 
 LASH-EGG, e. loose, filrnbound only, without a 
 
 hard shell. 
 Lush, drink. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 Limb, what is loose to move. 
 
 Limp, to walk loosely. 
 
 Limber, LIMMEE, e. loose, mean.
 
 154 L*NG. 
 
 LIMMOCK, e. limp. 
 
 LIMMERS, LIMBERS, w. the shafts of a waggon. 
 
 LYMTWIGG, w. a lapwing, or loosewing. 
 
 Lamb? 
 
 Lame, loose of limb, or action. 
 
 LAMIGER, w. a lame man. 
 
 LAMMOCK, e. to lounge loosely. 
 
 LAMMOCKING, w. loose, slouching. 
 
 LAWM, to swoon, to be loose-limbed. 
 
 LUM, n. a loose or free-lying pool in a river. 
 
 Loam, what is loose, not hard. 
 
 Lea-MA, o. what pulls, or is loose. 
 
 Learn,] , ,. 
 T , > a dog-line. 
 LeashJ 
 
 Lime, loosened stone ? 
 
 LOOM, w.l , . , . 
 
 _ , what is loose, not a nxture, a uten- 
 
 Lumber, > ., 
 
 , sil, &c. 
 
 Lump, J 
 
 Lumper, to step loosely. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 LoB-along, sj\ 
 
 LOP, w. \ to walk loosely, loungingly. 
 
 LAPE, 
 
 LOB, "1 
 
 LOB-COCK, > a loose, lobbing man. 
 
 LUBBOCK, J 
 
 LOB, w. to hang loose. 
 
 LOB, s. a marble or ball to throw.
 
 L*NG. 155 
 
 T f a flea. 
 
 LOPPE, n. 
 
 Lobster, what runs, not swims. 
 e. a stoat. 
 
 LAND-LOPER,"] , , 
 
 T j i T.T. r a land trotter. 
 
 .Land-lubber, J 
 
 Elope. 
 
 Antelope, what runs away. 
 
 Loop, for a rope, &c. to run in. 
 
 LOOP, n. a hinge. 
 
 LIBBET, w. a loose strip of torn cloth. 
 
 LIFE, n. a loose piece. 
 
 LIVER, a kind of sedge. 
 
 Lip, "1 a basket, (once made of sedge or 
 
 LEAP,/ rushes). 
 
 Seed-lip, w. a sower's seed-vessel. 
 
 LIPPY, w. ~\ 
 
 > wet, rainy, showery. 
 LIPPERT, w.j 
 
 LIPPER, n. loose spray. 
 
 LEAP, n. to scald or half-boil fish. 
 
 Lips, what are loose to move. 
 
 LUFE, n. the loose open hand. 
 
 Lap-up, to draw up. 
 
 Lap, to lap over. 
 
 Lap. 
 
 Lord, "1 , , rr 
 
 TT > bread source, or hie source. 
 
 HLAFORD, o. \
 
 156 L*NG. 
 
 TT ^ s - bread-help, or life-help. 
 
 HLAFDIG, o.j 
 
 Leaf, what is loose, moving. 
 Leave, to let off loose. 
 LAVE, n. what is left. 
 Left-hand, the loose or idle hand. 
 Level, drawn on horizontally. 
 Lift, to draw up. 
 A-loft, drawn up. 
 A-loof, loosened off, free. 
 
 LIPPEN, n.l , 
 
 T. v to lean or trust to. 
 
 .believe, J 
 
 Love, what draws on. 
 
 Life, what lengthens on. 
 
 Lavish, loose in the use of a thing. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 LOWT, n. to loosen, or bend down the body. 
 
 Lout, one who louts. 
 
 LUTTER-POUCH, c. a slovenly ragged fellow. 
 
 LITTOCKS, m. loose rags and tatters. 
 
 LATTER, to run loose, as a vagabond. 
 
 LUTTER, w. to scatter loose. 
 
 Litter, what is cast loose. 
 
 LEAT, w. to let loose, leak. 
 
 Let, to leave loose, slacken. 
 
 A-LIGHT, to loosen off. 
 
 LITE ON, n. to trust to. 
 
 Lead, to draw on.
 
 L*NG. 157 
 
 LEET, s. a three-way leet, a meeting of three 
 
 ways. 
 Lead, (metal), what draws hard by weight. 
 
 ' > loose of substance or limb. 
 Lither,J 
 
 Leather. 
 
 LITTY, w. loose of limb, or motion. 
 
 LITHE, n. to listen. 
 
 LEATH, n. a loosing, intermission, as of pain. 
 
 LEETH-WAKE, n. limber, pliant. 
 
 LATHE, n.l J 
 
 > to draw, invite. 
 LATE, n. J 
 
 LAIT, n. to draw, invite, seek. 
 Lathe ? 
 Loth, slack. 
 
 > (as water), to draw or lift up. 
 
 Ladle. 
 
 Load, 1 . ,./., , 
 
 T J. to lift or lay up. 
 
 LEAD,/ 
 
 LADES, s. ] bearings on the sides of a 
 
 LADE-SHRIDES, w.j waggon. 
 Load-stone, a drawing stone. 
 Load-star, a drawing or guiding star. 
 Loadsman, a leading man, pilot. 
 Lode, the leading vein of a mine. 
 
 e. a dug water-course. 
 
 Ladder, a drawer or lengthener up. 
 Lot, what is drawn ?
 
 158 L*NG. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 LIN, w. to be slack, yield. 
 
 LOON, ") , 
 
 T > a lout, loose man. 
 
 LOWN,J 
 
 LONNING, n. lame, loose-limbed. 
 
 LANT, n. ?] , . f , 
 y ' > a drawing ot cards. 
 
 Lint? 
 
 Linty, m. loose, idle. 
 
 Land, what is drawn out horizontally. 
 
 Line, what draws on. 
 
 LAWND, e. 0.1 a piece or strip of ground, an 
 
 Lawn, J open space in a wood. 
 
 Lean, to draw off. 
 
 T ' , I long, loose, pliable. 
 Lennock, n.j 
 
 LEENY, loose or free of action ? 
 
 LANNEE, e.~] , . , , 
 T > a whip-lash. 
 
 LANYER, e.J 
 
 Lanniard, small ship-rope. 
 Loins, what are loose or bending. 
 Linden-tree, wood that is bending ? 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 LowL-eared pig, w. a long or loose eared pig. 
 T ' i to be long, loose. 
 
 -L/ALL, J 
 
 LOLLOP, n. s. to lounge.
 
 L*NG. 159 
 
 LOLL-POOP, a lounger. 
 LALDRUM, e. a loose simpleton. 
 
 , .. ' 'I to lull or slacken pain. &c. 
 Lull, n. j 
 
 LOLLOPS, w. a slattern. 
 
 LILT, n. to be loose in the gait or in singing. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 LEER, "] 
 
 > empty, loose. 
 LEERY,/ 
 
 LEER, w. the flank. 
 
 LEERS, w. , , , , , , 
 
 , > stubble-land. 
 LEER-ground,J 
 
 LEER, n. a barn ? 
 LURRY, n. to pull. 
 
 , ' > a loose sluggish fellow. 
 Lourden,J 
 
 LARE, n. what is loose, a quagmire, mire. 
 
 LAIRE, n. to wade in mud. 
 
 LURRY, e. to daub with mire. 
 
 LURRY, s. to slur, go loosely over, 
 
 Lirrup. 
 
 Leer, to draw or reach at. 
 
 LEAR, n. to lean, or draw towards. 
 
 ,' S a drawing after. 
 Lurch,] 
 
 LIRK, n. to draw up, crease, rumple. 
 
 Larch ? 
 
 Learn, to draw in. 
 
 Lore.
 
 T 
 
 160 
 HL*NG. 
 
 L*NG. 
 
 O draw round, inclose. 
 
 K. 
 LOCK. 
 
 as of hay, the arms full. 
 LORE, e.j 
 
 Locket. 
 
 LOKE, w.1 * i 
 
 > as 01 a canal. 
 Lock, J 
 
 LOKE, e. a turn-again lane. 
 
 TCH. 
 Latch. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 LONE. 
 
 LONA, LANA, Fr. "\ 
 LOAN, LONEIN, n. > 
 Lane. 
 
 LEAN, to conceal. 
 LANING, n. an inclosing, secrecy. 
 LTJN, w. to shelter, cover, keep warm. 
 LOUND, n. lew. 
 LEW, w. screened from cold. 
 LEWTH, a screening from cold. 
 LINNY, w. a shed.
 
 M*NG. 161 
 
 Stems of sound, as what reaches long or far. 
 
 HLOW-AN, o. to low. 
 
 Lay. 
 
 Laugh. 
 
 Loud. 
 
 LIDDEN, w. a sound, tune. 
 
 LARM, Fr. a noise. 
 
 Larum-bell. 
 
 Lure, a shrill call. 
 
 M*NG. 
 
 1. 
 r I ^O be or to put up together. 
 
 2. 
 To make or form up. 
 
 3. 
 To bend or wrap up. 
 
 4. 
 
 To beat or blend or mince, moisten up to a 
 mass. 
 
 NG. 
 
 MUNG, e. ~\ , , 
 
 -. r > to mix, to mash. 
 
 MANG, w.\ 
 
 M
 
 162 M*NG. 
 
 Mingle. 
 
 MING, e. to mix, knead up. 
 
 MONG-CORN, w. a mixture of sundry kinds of 
 
 seed. 
 
 BULLIMONG, oats, peas, and vetches together. 
 MONG, e. la mixed food for dogs, pigs, 
 
 MINK-MEAT, e.] or poultry. 
 MONGER, a store-owner. 
 Cheesemonger. 
 Felmonger. 
 Ironmonger. 
 
 Mongrel, of sundry kinds. 
 Mangle. 
 Among. 
 Many. 
 Much. 
 
 NCH. 
 Munch, to chew, or cut up. 
 
 MUGGLE, w. mingling, confusion. 
 
 (of the weather), mingled, not clear. 
 
 ft* 
 
 MUGGARD, 
 
 , 
 
 AT f- sullen, glum. 
 
 MOGGETY, W.) 
 
 MUG, to be misty, mingled. 
 Mag-pie, of mingled colours ? 
 
 From this root M*NG, seems to have come
 
 M*NG. 163 
 
 the names of some animals, &c. which usually 
 come in lots of many. 
 
 MIG, Midge, a gnat. 
 
 (MOOTS),! 
 
 \ T ' > moth, whence 
 
 MUG, J 
 
 Mugwort, 1 artemisia, a plant good against 
 
 MING- wort, n.j moths, or 
 
 Wormwood, as it is now written, Wer-muth, 
 
 Ward-moth. 
 Maggot. 1 
 MAUK, n. i- 
 MADDOCK. j 
 MADS, s. earthworms. 
 MOSKEN, Fr. sparrows. 
 Megrims, ~| 
 
 MAUKS, n. >- mingled fancies. 
 Maggots, J 
 
 DGE. 
 
 MIDJANS, w. small pieces. 
 MUDGEN, e. a mixture of rubbish, clay, straw, 
 &c. for walls. 
 
 -tr 
 
 Make, to put together, form. 
 Mock, to form by imitation. 
 MAKE, n. a fellow, mate. 
 MOKE, s. e. the mingling of withes or twine ; 
 wicker-work, or net-meshes.
 
 164 M*NG. 
 
 Meek, primarily, mingled up as a mash, soft, 
 thence, soft in mind. 
 
 MICKLE with cold, w. gathered up. 
 
 MOCK, w. a heap of sundries, a lot of sedge- 
 grass, or bush-stumps. 
 
 Muck, 1 . , ,. ., 
 
 , T > mixed dirt or soil. 
 
 MUCKS, w.j 
 
 MIXEN, w. a dung-heap. 
 
 TCH. 
 
 Match, a putting of things together. 
 MEECH, n. w.~\ to go about gathering up, or 
 MOOCH, n. w.f getting things, to pilfer. 
 MICHER, n. a pilferer. 
 
 Stub roots. 
 Mow, to gather up (hay, &c.) together. 
 
 a gathering up, stack. 
 MAJDD, Fr. -\ 
 
 Math, , , . 
 
 ,.. } what is mown. 
 
 Mead, 
 
 Meadow, J 
 
 Might, what makes or forms. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 MOST, w. rotten, or mixed up, mouldy, soft. 
 Mess, what is mingled up. 
 Moss, n. a bog of peat, mingled or confused 
 growth.
 
 M*NG. 165 
 
 MIZZY, n. a quagmire. 
 
 MOZE, a pond overgrown with mingled weeds. 
 
 MOZY, e. covered with confused or matty hair. 
 
 Miser, one who gathers up. 
 
 MEAZLES, what come many together. 
 
 MESEL, s. a leper. 
 
 MOISE, e. to make up, increase. 
 
 Maze, e. mingled or confused lines. 
 
 MAZZLE, n. to wander, as if in a maze. 
 
 MAISSE, n. to think mingled or confused 
 
 thoughts. 
 Amazed. 
 
 MAZZARD, w. the head. 
 MAZEJERRY-PATTICK, w. a simpleton. 
 
 MIZZLE, n.~\ . , , f , 
 
 -*r- , f mingled or confused ram. 
 
 jyjList, 
 
 MUST, w. pomace, apples ground up together. 
 Musty, rotten up together. 
 
 Muster, "1 , ,, 
 
 > to come up together. 
 
 MOUSTER, W.) 
 
 MUSTER, w. to mingle together, as for dung. 
 Moist, mingled with wet. 
 Mistleto ? 
 Mistlethrush ? 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 MOSKER, n. to rot up to a mass. 
 
 MASK, n. anything mixed up or rotten up. 
 
 Mask ( M. stems).
 
 166 M*NG. 
 
 Mash, to mash beer, to mix up the elements ; 
 
 mash potatoes, to chop and mix them up. 
 Meshes, 1 of a net, the making up or joinings 
 MOKES, s.J of the string. 
 
 Moss, ] . , , f , . 
 
 , T > mingled or contused in a mass. 
 
 MESH, w.j 
 
 Mess, e. a mingled gang of men. 
 
 MASLIN, n. mixed corn. 
 
 MASHELSON, a mixture of wheat and rye. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 Mumble, ~) to mingle speech-sounds, or man- 
 
 MAMBLE, e.) gle up food. 
 
 MAMMER, w. to confuse. 
 
 MAMMOCKS, w. manglings, scraps, small pay- 
 ments. 
 
 MUMM, to make up or perform a person or 
 character. 
 
 MAMMET, -| 
 
 MOMMET, w. la made-up man, a puppet, 
 
 MOMMOCK, w. i scarecrow. 
 
 Mask, J 
 
 MIMMAM, m. a bog, what is of mingled growth 
 of vegetation. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 To make up, wrap, or fold up in a bundle. 
 Mop, a gathering or folding up.
 
 M*NG. 167 
 
 Mob-cap, 1 a woman's cap, infolding the head 
 MAB-cap, w.J and tied under the chin. 
 MOPPET, w.^a love name for a child ; " my 
 Mopsy, J bundle." 
 
 Mable,"] , 
 
 TIT .M } to wrap or muffle up. 
 
 Muffle,J 
 
 Mob ? a gathering up of people. 
 
 MOP, n. a gathering for hiring workpeople. 
 
 MAB, n. a slattern, a bundle. 
 
 Mawkin, (Mabkin ?), a bunch of rags to clean 
 
 an oven, a slattern. 
 Muff, a wrapper or folder. 
 
 Muff, 1 , , . , . 
 
 T. r J> a mophead, simpleton. 
 
 MAFFIN, w.J 
 
 Mope, to fold oneself up in thought. 
 MIFF, w. to mope in sullen anger. 
 Maple? 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 Meed, what is made up, store-goods. 
 
 Mud, mingled dirt. 
 
 Muddle, to mingle or confuse. 
 
 MOTHERY, having mother, or a mingled thick 
 
 fluid. 
 
 Meddle, to mingle with. 
 MAT, what is mingled or confused. 
 MOIDER, n. to puzzle, confuse. 
 METE, 1 to make up, to put together the 
 MET, w.J standard and goods.
 
 168 M*NG. 
 
 MOT, o. a meeting or sitting of men for cases of 
 
 law. 
 
 Moot-point, a point or case for judgment. 
 MOOT, w. of a tree, the meeting of the roots, 
 
 bottom of the stem. 
 Meet. 
 
 Mate, one put with another. 
 MEWE, Fr. ? 
 
 MAWTHER? e.) 
 
 MAWTHERN ? w. the ox-eye daisy. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Mane, a mingled mass of hair ? 
 
 Moon, what mingles or mixes things, and off- 
 marks them less clearly than the sun. (See 
 " Sun," under the Root S*NG, and N. 
 stems). 
 
 Man, what makes or forms things. 
 
 ,, ,* > what puts thing to thing, or thinks. 
 
 Mean, to think. 
 
 Mad, with mingled or confused thought. 
 
 MADDLED, n. 1 ,.,,, 
 
 ,, } a little mad. 
 
 MUDDLED, s. w.) 
 
 MADDLE, n. to talk or wander madly, to be 
 
 foolishly fond. 
 
 MAUNDER, n. to wander in mad thought. 
 Maund, what gathers up, a kind of basket.
 
 M*NG. 169 
 
 MUND, o. ~\ what is put up (as a defence), pro- 
 MOND, Fr.) tection, protector. 
 
 " Kynden aeghen een mond to habben." 
 " Children ought to have a guardian." 
 
 Mound, what is put up. 
 MOUNDS, w. field-fences. 
 MAUNDY, w. arrogant, patronizing. 
 M*ND, o. 
 
 f mouth, face, form of a man. 
 
 M*NTH, 0.J 
 
 MUNS, s. face. 
 
 Muzzle. 
 
 GRIZZLDY-MUNDY, w. grinny-mouthy, a name 
 
 of reproach. 
 
 M**N, Fr. o. mingled, corruptum. 
 MAINSWEAR, n. to forswear. 
 MENT, "1 to make up the form or likeness of 
 MINT, w.J another by imitation. 
 MINNOCK, e. a fop, one who ments or mints. 
 
 Mince, "I , ,, 
 
 ,, > to mangle small. 
 
 MINCH, n.) 
 
 MIN, Fr. small. 
 Minnow. "1 
 MENNAM, n.) 
 MINT, w.~ 
 Mite. 
 
 s 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Many of these stems are about mixing or 
 beating up into a meal-like mass.
 
 170 M*NG. 
 
 MULL, w. dust, what is mingled up. 
 MULL, n. peat-dust. 
 MULLED, w. reduced to dust. 
 Mould. 
 
 MULLOM,] , ... , 
 
 , T ]> meal, or dust-like stun. 
 
 MAULM, J 
 
 Meal-MOLTEE, n. toll-meal for grinding. 
 
 Mellow, I 
 
 Mildew, > meal-dew. 
 
 MAHLDAWWE, Fr. J 
 
 MULLIGRUB, w. meal-grub, that feeds on gur- 
 
 geons. 
 
 MULLOCK, w. rubbish, &c. 
 MULLOCK-MOILED, w. dirty, dusty. 
 
 MULDER, ") : , , V1 
 
 , .. > to become meal-like. 
 
 MOULDER,] 
 
 MAUL, a soft clay soil. 
 
 MULCH, e. dung of rotten leaves. 
 
 3 I first meal-like, then soft. 
 MALSH, n.) 
 
 Melt, to mingle by heat. 
 
 Milt. 
 
 MELL, n. to pound, mix up. 
 
 Maul, what mells. 
 
 Malt, what is melled. 
 
 Mole, what is made up. 
 
 what casts up mould. 
 
 MAILEN, n. what is wrapped up, a mawkin. 
 Mulse, wine mingled with honey.
 
 M*NG. 171 
 
 Milk? 
 
 M*L, a mangling up, division, share. 
 
 " En majl raolk," Fr. 
 " A meal of milk." 
 
 Meal, (of food). 
 Piece-meal. 
 
 MELDER, n. one kiln-full, or one grinding of 
 corn. 
 
 MAELAN, o.~\ . 
 
 ,, > to converse, come together. 
 
 MELL, w. J 
 
 " Neither mell nor make with one," w. 
 " Neither to converse or act with one." 
 
 ' a g a th erm g together of water, a small 
 lake ' orsea - 
 
 TVT ' I 
 Mar R sh', J 
 
 MARRAM, .] 
 
 , T > sea-reed grass. 
 
 MARMA, J 
 
 More, Moor? 
 
 MERE, the meeting of two surfaces, a boundary. 
 
 MERE-BALK, a boundary balk, a line of green- 
 
 sward between sundry lawns in a common 
 
 corn-field. 
 
 MARBLE, e. a cattle-pound. 
 Mark, a boundary. 
 Marrow, 1 
 
 Marl, > what is mingled in a mass. 
 Mire, J 
 MIRE-DRUM, n. the bittern.
 
 172 M*NG. 
 
 MARTIN, (Free), a calf, a twin of mingled 
 
 sexes. 
 
 Mar, to mangle up. 
 Murder, a mangling up. 
 Murrain, what mingles up, or rots. 
 MURL, n. to mingle to a mass. 
 MURLE, n. muse with mingled thoughts. 
 MIRK, mingling of light and darkness. 
 MIRKY, w. gloomy. 
 MIRKSHUT, w. evening. 
 Morgen?! 
 Morn? J 
 
 MARROWS, n. two things that go together. 
 Mourn, to wrap or fold oneself up, as people in 
 
 sorrow ? 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 Much. 
 
 Mo. 
 
 MUR, (Cornoak), much, nigh, almost. 
 
 MORE. 
 
 MURTH, n.~] , , i i 
 
 > a good much, abundance. 
 MORT, w. j 
 
 MORTLE, much, very great.
 
 T 
 
 173 
 
 N*NG. 
 
 SN*NG. 
 1. 
 
 cut or strike back. 
 
 2. 
 
 To gripe, squeeze up. 
 
 3. 
 
 To be nigh. 
 
 NCH. 
 
 NUNCH, "1 a cutting or lump of bread, or 
 NuncheonJ cheese, or food. 
 
 NOG, w. a cutting or slice, block. 
 
 NOGGER, a kind of cut or carved lump, block- 
 like. 
 
 NOGGER-HEAD, w. a block-head. 
 
 NOGGING, e. s. w. slicing. 
 
 Brick-nogging, a wall of brick, built in slices 
 or divisions, within a wooden framework. 
 
 NOG, e. a strong biting ale. 
 
 Nugget, a slice or lump. 
 
 NAG, n. a sharp taste.
 
 174 N*NG. 
 
 S-NAG, W. 
 
 NAGGY, n. ~\ , . ., , , 
 c, }> sharp, irritable. 
 
 S-NAGGY, e. n.j 
 
 S-NAG, n. "1 
 
 S-NEG, n. > to cut off, lop. 
 
 S-NOUK, n. J 
 
 DGE. 
 
 Nudge. 
 
 mt^mK 
 
 Nick, to cut, a cut, or angle. 
 
 Nick-stick, n. a tally. 
 
 NICKY, w. a little cutting of wood to light 
 
 fires. 
 
 Nook, a notch-like angle. 
 NOOKIN, n. a corner. 
 
 TCH. 
 
 NITCH, a cutting of wood, &c. a faggot. 
 
 Notch. 
 
 NICHELLED, n. castrated. 
 
 Nick-nack ? 
 
 Niff-naff? 
 
 From N*NG, to squeeze, come a set of stems 
 for the effect of squeezing, narrowness, close- 
 ness. 
 
 NEAH, o. Nil, Fr. nigh, close. 
 
 Near. 
 
 Narrow.
 
 N*NG. 175 
 
 Neighbour, a near dweller. 
 
 NIGH, n. to touch. 
 
 NEACKJEN, Fr. to come near to, or to. 
 
 Naked, a man's body is naked when it is come 
 
 to by the sight or touch. 
 NIGGARD, n. iron cheeks to narrow a grate. 
 Niggard, "1 a man close or near with money 
 NEAGER, n.J or goods. 
 NIDGET, s. e. a hoe for cleaning the narrow 
 
 spaces between rows of hops or beans. 
 NEAWST, w. nearness. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 NIM, n. to seize, steal. 
 
 to walk with quickly caught-up steps. 
 
 Nimble. 
 
 Numb, griped with cold, &c. 
 
 NUMSKULL, a dull man. 
 
 NEME, n. one near, mate, associate. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 Nab. 
 
 NEB, s. the handle of a scythe. 
 
 Nip, to cut back, check. 
 
 NIPPY. 
 
 S-nip. 
 
 Neap, to check, strike back. 
 
 BE-NEAPED, w. left by the tide. 
 
 NIFLE, n. to seize, steal.
 
 176 N*NG. 
 
 Niff. 1 
 S-niff.J 
 
 N*B. (A Welsh root?). 
 
 Nebb, o. Neeb, Fr. Nib. 
 
 Neb, n. nose. 
 
 Nib, of a pen. 
 
 Nibble, NABBLE, e. s. 
 
 NAB, n. the tip of a mountain. 
 
 Nipple. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 NIDDER, n. 1 to pinch, squeeze, pinch with 
 NETHER, n.) cold. 
 NIDY-CORN, n. pinched, weakly corn. 
 H-NOT, o. to pinch, check in growth, to shear 
 
 back. 
 
 NOT-COW, w. a hornless cow. 
 NOTTLED, s. checked in growth. 
 Not-wheat, beardless wheat. 
 NE'T, Fr. nigh, useful. 
 NITTLE, n. "I 
 
 NITTY, i- handy, neat. 
 NATTY, J 
 
 Night, nearness, or narrowness of sight. 
 Night-mare, the sqeezing mass ? 
 Neath, "1 the relative place of what is down- 
 Beneath,/ pressed to what presses. 
 NAETAN, o. to press, gripe, squeeze. 
 Need, a pressure.
 
 N*NG. 177 
 
 NOTE, n. to push, gore with the horns. 
 
 Neats, 1 , 
 
 jq- horned cattle ? neat cattle. 
 
 Needle ? 
 
 Nettle ? 
 
 NITTLE, n. to pilfer. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 The stem N*NY seems to mean female, and 
 especially a girl-child. 
 
 Ninny, a nurse, or child nursed ? 
 
 Nanny-goat, a she-goat. 
 
 NINNY-HAMMER, a child's rattle ? a fool, one 
 
 with a head like a child's rattle ? 
 NINCOMPOOP, a little girl's doll ? 
 NANCY, n. an effeminate man. 
 NANNY, e. to trifle, play the fool. 
 NONNOCK, e. an -idle whim, childish fancy. 
 NINNY-WATCH, w. a longing for a thing. 
 NUNTY, n.~] 
 
 NlTHING, J 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Nail, 1 , . t o 
 
 -^ what gripes or pinches 
 
 iN AEGEL, O,\ 
 
 NOOL, n. to check, pinch. 
 
 K. Stems. 
 NERLED, n. pinched, oppressed. 
 
 N
 
 178 
 
 N*NG. 
 
 HN*NG. 
 
 [~1O bend, bow. 
 
 NEEGE, Fr. 
 
 NAGGLE, e. to bend the neck, limbs, or body, 
 as in affectation, like a young horse or a girl. 
 
 K. 
 Neck. 
 NICKLED, n. bent, fallen, as corn. 
 
 Noose, a bend of a rope. 
 
 ST. 
 
 NEST-AN, o. to spin, twine. 
 
 Nest. 
 
 SK. 
 
 NESH, w. 1 
 
 NISCLE, > bendsome, soft, yielding. 
 
 NICE, 
 
 B. 
 
 Nape of the neck, the bend of it. 
 
 D. 
 
 NIDDICK, w. the neck, the nape or hinder neck. 
 NUDDLE, e. to bend, or hang down the head. 
 Nod.
 
 T 
 
 179 
 
 R*NG 
 
 1. 
 reach on or out, in substance or act. 
 
 2. 
 To reach or pull. 
 
 3. 
 
 To reach or bend up. 
 
 NG. 
 
 RANGLE, w. (of plants), to grow long and ram- 
 bling. 
 
 RUNG,] a long stick, a cudgel, a cross-bar of a 
 
 Rong, j ladder. 
 
 Ring, what reaches round. 
 
 RINGLE, n. a row, as of plants, border or edge, as 
 of a garment. 
 
 NK. 
 
 RANK, Fr. ~\ 
 
 RONK, n. 
 
 0-* } long-grown, long and small. 
 
 JCUUUCj 
 
 RENKY, J 
 
 Rankle, to reach out, or on. 
 
 Rank. 
 
 RINK, n. the course of the stones in curling.
 
 180 R*NG. 
 
 NGE. 
 
 Range, to reach on. 
 RUNGE, n. a long tub. 
 
 NCH. 
 
 RANCH, <?.! 
 
 P > to scratch along. 
 
 Ridge, 1 
 
 RIG, n. > what reaches on. 
 
 REG,.Fr.J 
 
 RIGGEN, n. the ridge of a house. 
 
 RIG, w. to reach about climbingly. 
 
 Rigging, the sundry stretchings of rope. 
 
 Rag, what reaches out. 
 
 RAGGOLD, n. 1 
 
 RAGGABRASH, n. I 
 
 Ragamuffin. 
 
 RAG, n. a mist. 
 
 Rogue ? who reaches and pulls all he can ; (rob 
 
 is from R*NG). 
 RUG, n. to pull, reach. 
 Right, a right line is a pulled or stretched line. 
 
 The right hand is the one mostly reached out. 
 RIGGOT, n. a gutter. 
 Rug, "I 
 Rugged, \ what reaches out unevenly. 
 
 "Ba^^' i 
 Rough, J
 
 R*NG. 181 
 
 Rue, 1 to have a feeling of raking, 
 
 REW, 7i. to repent,/ or pulling. 
 
 Ruth. 
 
 Ruthless. 
 
 -D > what reaches round, dress, clothes. 
 
 RAEGELS, o.j 
 
 -rr 
 
 Rack, what stretches. 
 RICK, s. to sprain the ankle. 
 RECK, n. reach. 
 RAX, n. to stretch. 
 
 RAKE, n.~\ 
 
 -n > a rut, path. 
 
 RACK, e. J 
 
 RACK, n. a sheep-path. 
 
 Rack, of the weather, the reaching line, or 
 
 motion of the clouds. 
 RAUK, n. to mark with lines. 
 
 > to stretch out in raking. 
 RACE, w.j 
 
 ' '[to ramble, reach wide. 
 Rake, e. J 
 
 RAKE, e. to reach off from a perpendicular, as a 
 
 mast. 
 
 Rake, a loose rambling man. 
 RACKLE, n.l unmanageable, reaching and pull- 
 ROCKLED, J ing. 
 Rock, to reach off from side to side. 
 Reek, "j 
 
 ROAK, s. > what reaches out, smoke or steam. 
 REECH, .J
 
 182 R*NG. 
 
 RECKENS, n. pot-hooks, Teachings. 
 Rickety, loose, stretched out of form. 
 
 RUCK, of horses, n. a team. 
 RUCK, a plait, fold, wrinkle. 
 
 TCH. 
 Reach. *| 
 RATCH, n.] 
 
 Ratch, n. to mark with lines. 
 RATCHED, n. striped. 
 Roach, the striped fish ? 
 RAITCH, n. a long mark. 
 RATCH, w. to stretch. 
 ROOK, n.} 
 
 RUCK, w. > what reaches up, a heap or bunch. 
 Rick, 
 
 RUCKY, w. "I , , 
 
 > to bend, squat, couch. 
 
 RUCKER, W.} 
 
 Rage, a pulling or reaching in anger. 
 
 Stub roots. 
 
 Row, an outreaching series. 
 Row a boat, to pull. 
 RENGE, w.^\ 
 
 RIE, n. . f 
 
 Y to sift, reach and pull. 
 RUE, w. 
 
 REE, s. J 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 
 Rest, an outstretching.
 
 R*NG. 183 
 
 Roost, a bird's stretcher. (See rong). 
 Roister to reach about rudely. 
 
 Restive. 1 , . in- 
 
 > reaching and pulling. 
 REUSTY, n.\ 
 
 s. Stems. 
 Rise, to reach up. 
 
 ' ' ' > what reaches up, underwood, twiers. 
 RISE, n.j 
 
 RYZEN- HEDGE, n. one made of twigs and 
 
 boughs, &c. 
 
 Race, a stretch of running. 
 REAS-MA, o. what reaches up. 
 RISSON, n. a stalk of corn. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 Rush, to reach on eagerly. 
 
 Rash, apt to rush. 
 
 Rix, w. "1 
 
 Risk, o. > what reaches out. 
 
 Rush, J 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 REC-MA, o. what reaches out, &c. 
 REAM, s. w. to outreach, widen, open. 
 RAWM, n. w. to reach awkwardly. 
 REAMY, bread or cheese, outreaching or stringy, 
 as dough. 
 
 REAMER,] ., , , 
 
 ^. > a tool to widen screw-holes. 
 
 Rimer, J
 
 184 R*NG. 
 
 ROM, Fr. wide-reaching. 
 Room, outreaching space. 
 
 Roam. 1 
 
 -r> , , > to reach out in motion. 
 
 Kamble,J 
 
 REAMS, w. the stretchers, bones or frame-work. 
 ROMMELEN, rank, wide-reaching. 
 RAMSHACKLE, w. wide- shaking, loose-shaking. 
 
 J> to reach or pull widely. 
 
 RAMP, e. to reach out much in growth. 
 RAMMELY, n. rank, long grown. 
 RAMPAGE, n. to romp. 
 Rump, what reaches out. 
 
 > to strike outreachingly. 
 REMMAN, n.} & J 
 
 Ram. 
 
 Rim, what reaches by or round. 
 RIMS, n. rongs. 
 
 Rumpus, a reaching and pulling. 
 REA-MA, what reeks out (see reeK) to the 
 smell. 
 
 RAM, n. } f . , 
 \ fetid. 
 RAMMISH,/ 
 
 RAMS, n. ~| 
 
 RAMPS, n. \ wild garlick. 
 
 RAMSONS, w.j 
 
 B. Stems. 
 R*p, to pull, reach, seize.
 
 R*NG. 185 
 
 Rob. 
 
 RAPE, FT. 
 
 Rape. 
 
 REAPE, s. to catch with the mind, anticipate. 
 
 RAP and rend. Seize and steal. 
 
 RIPE, n. to steal. 
 
 Rip. 
 
 RIPPLE, n. to scratch. 
 
 Rive. 
 
 RAVE, Fr. ~) ,, 
 
 to pull away, rob. 
 REAVE, e. n.) 
 
 " Raeive my soul like ane lion," Sco. 
 
 Rifle. 
 Ruffle. 
 
 RAFF, ] 
 
 ,3 > to pull away by force. 
 
 RAWER. "1 
 
 Robber. J 
 
 Rife, seizing, infectious. 
 
 Ravin, "I 
 
 RAWN, w. L to seize greedily, rob. 
 
 RAN, 
 
 Raven. 
 
 Raffle. 
 
 Ravish. 
 
 ' . } to pull, bind. 
 , Fr.) 
 
 Rope, what pulls, or binds.
 
 186 R*NG. 
 
 Stirrup, (Sti-rap), a mounting-rope. 
 
 REEVE, w.~] . . , , ,. , 
 
 s to pull up into wrinkles, bind. 
 RIVEL, w. I 
 
 Reef. 
 
 Revel, 1 
 
 ROWL, > a reaching, and pulling about. 
 
 REAL, w.\ 
 
 REEF, w.l what outreaches or spreads, a rash, 
 
 ROVE, e. J scab, &c. 
 
 B. 
 
 Ravel, to pull out ? 
 
 Roof, what reaches over or up. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 - what reach on. 
 
 RABB, Fr.\ 
 
 Rib, J 
 
 Ripple, 
 
 Rafter, 
 
 Raft, 
 
 RAFT, w. to pull or teaze (as a cow). 
 
 Rub, to reach and pull. 
 
 Rubble. 
 
 Rubbish. 
 
 " Rap and rend," e. " rap and tear," n. 
 " rape and scrape," e. " rap and ring," n. to 
 reach and pull by violence. Thence most 
 likely
 
 R*NG. 187 
 
 RAPS, n. 
 
 RAPSCALLION. 
 
 RASCALLION. 
 
 Rascal. 
 
 Riff-raff. 
 
 RAFF. 
 
 Rabble. \ 
 
 RABBLEMENT, n.) 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 RITE, Fr.'} 
 
 ' > to pull, tear, gather. 
 RYD, Fr. j 
 
 Rid, pull away. 
 
 READ inwards, w. to pull off their fat, &c. 
 
 REED, wheat-straw pulled straight. 
 
 REWDEN-hat, w. a straw-hat. 
 
 READY, n. to pull, comb the hair. 
 
 RATS, m. tearings, pieces. 
 
 Rat, what pulls and robs? 
 
 Rood, a stretcher, a cross. 
 
 Rood,! , , 
 
 -r, , > what reaches on. 
 
 Rod, J 
 
 RADDLINGS, the Teachings or windings of a wall. 
 
 5. the wands of wattle-work. 
 
 RUDD, Fr. a hedge-shard made by pulling or 
 
 tearing or trespass. 
 Rout, a reaching and tearing about. 
 Rote, a stretch, onreaching. 
 ROWTY, n. a rank, onreaching.
 
 188 R*NG. 
 
 Root, what reaches out. 
 
 Ready, onreaching in act. 
 
 Rathe, onreaching, early, soon. 
 
 Rather, sooner. 
 
 Rate, a reach, stretch, measure. 
 
 Ride, to onreach in motion. 
 
 Road. 
 
 Rut. 
 
 Rudder, what onreaches or directs. 
 
 RIDES, s. hinges. 
 
 REDE, n. to onreach in mind, to counsel, to 
 
 guess, speak. 
 Read. 
 
 READSHIP, w. the act of to rede. 
 Riddle. 
 
 RADE, n. afraid. 
 
 ROUTH, n. an outreaching, plenty. 
 HREDDAN, o. to pull away. 
 
 RIDDLE, ~| . f ... 
 
 -r, ;> a coarse sieve tor sitting sand, &c. 
 
 RUDDER, s.) 
 
 RUDDERISH, 5. rough, rude. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Round, reaching into itself. 
 
 Rand, what reaches by or round, border, seam. 
 
 Rind, what reaches round. 
 
 Randy, a reaching and pulling. 
 
 . ROUNDLE, w.l , ,, n i 
 
 -r, \- a hollow pollard. 
 
 RUNNEL, n. J
 
 K*NG. 189 
 
 RONE, n. an outreaching of whin-bushes. 
 
 RUNT, n. a kale stalk, a short thick man. 
 
 RAND-MA, what reaches out. 
 
 Random, a bare outreaching. 
 
 Rant, to tear forth. 
 
 ROON, n. a tearing, a shred. 
 
 Rend."! 
 
 Rent. J 
 
 ROWNY,! , . 
 
 -r, > thin, tearsome cloth. 
 
 RAWNY,] 
 
 RINE, n. to reach at, touch, feel. 
 Run, to reach on in motion. 
 RUMBER, n. a short run before leaping. 
 RAMP, to leap, spring. 
 RUNNEL, n. a stream. 
 
 RAYN, n.~\ what reaches on, a dale or ridge in 
 REAN, n.j a field. 
 
 REIN, n. what reaches on in length, balk, fur- 
 row. 
 
 RANNEL, n. a cross chimney-beam. 
 ROUNCE, the handle of a press. 
 REEN, "1 
 
 RHINE, s. > a water-course. 
 REIN, 
 
 RINLET, Sc. a stream. 
 RINDLE, n. a gutter. 
 Rinse. 
 Rain?
 
 190 R*NG. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 Rally. 
 
 Rule, to make or keep right, (See Right, G. 
 
 roots). 
 
 Rail, what reaches on. 
 Roll, to reach round. 
 Reel. 
 Rollock, i 
 
 REUL, n. 
 
 -p > to reach about the limbs wildly. 
 
 JXILE, W. ~\ I 
 
 ROIL, w. } J 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 Rear, to reach up, rise. 
 
 Rere-mouse, 1 , 
 
 } a bat. 
 RYE-MOUSE, ur.J 
 
 A branch of the root R*JSTG seems to be ap- 
 plied to what is of the colour of fire, and to the 
 decomposition of bodies which is an act of fire. 
 
 Rust, decomposition, or ruddy. 
 
 RUSTY, ~\ 
 
 REASTY, e. I (of bacon), decomposed or rust- 
 
 RAISTY, | hued. 
 
 REEZED, n. J 
 
 Rosin, "] , , , ,. , 
 
 what is reddish. 
 ROZEL, ,J
 
 E*NG. 191 
 
 ROIZLE, to make the skin red by beating, or 
 
 fire-heat. 
 
 ROSSEL, n. to rot as an apple. 
 Rash, a red rising. 
 RATTY, w. raisty (bacon). 
 Red, fire-colour. 
 Russet, rather red. 
 RUDDOCK, the red-breast. 
 RUDDEL, red earth. 
 Rot, to decompose. 
 RET, e. to rot by soaking. 
 RAIT, w. stuff soaking in water. 
 
 The following stems are words for the sounds 
 of which that made by reaching and pulling 
 things about is the type. 
 
 Ring, as a bell, or metal. 
 
 ROUNCE, n. a great noise. 
 
 RICK, n. to jingle, scold. 
 
 RACKET, s. a noise, bustle. 
 
 RAG, n. w. to rate, scold. 
 
 RUCKSTER, s. to make a great noise. 
 
 REAM, n. to cry aloud. 
 
 Rumble. 
 
 ROOP, n. a hoarse voice. 
 
 RABBLE, n. a confused noise of speaking. 
 
 RABBLE-ROTE, w. a long overtold tale. 
 
 ROUSTLE.1 
 
 Rustle. J
 
 192 W*NG. 
 
 ROOZE, n.~] , 
 
 > to praise. 
 RUZE, n. J 
 
 ROWSE, w.~] 
 
 T> > to stir up with a noise. 
 
 Rouse, J 
 
 RowsiNG-fire. 
 
 RATTOCK, e. a noise, rattle. 
 
 RATTLE. 
 
 RATE, tv. to scold. 
 
 RADDLE, w. to banter. 
 
 ROWT, n. 
 
 f to bellow, make a din. 
 RAWT, n. ' 
 
 RITTLE, w. to snore. 
 Roar. 
 
 W*NG. 
 
 First branch. 
 
 i 
 
 1. 
 
 be or become weak or yielding in form, 
 under pressure. 
 
 2. 
 To wind or turn, in substance or motion. 
 
 Second branch. 
 
 3. 
 
 The root or a root, W*NG, is to spring up or 
 out, to strike out or yearn for some end. 
 
 T
 
 W*NG. 193 
 
 NG. 
 
 WANG, o. a meadow, the cheek. 
 
 WONG, e. a piece of smooth meadow-ground. 
 
 WANG-TOOTH, cheek-tooth, molar. 
 
 NK. 
 
 WANKLE, e. "I - .. 
 
 ^r TT > weak, soft, pliant. 
 
 WANKLING, H.j 
 
 WANGERT, to. flabby, soft. 
 
 L -rr 
 
 Weak. 
 
 WEAKY, n. juicy, moist. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Waste. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 WIZZEN, to wither, waste, weaken. 
 WASSEL, n. a weak-bodied man. 
 
 f a cushion or crown, 
 
 Tirr as of straw or 
 
 VVaase, Fr. , ,, 
 
 -fur -ITT TTT { cloth, worn on 
 
 WAISE, WASE, WAZE, n. ,, / , 
 
 the head under 
 
 [ a pail, &c. 
 Wisp. 
 WUSSET, w. a scarecrow. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 WEA-MA, what is soft, yielding, 
 o
 
 194 W*NG. 
 
 WAM. "] , , ,, 
 , T , , }> the belly. 
 Womb./ 
 
 WEMM, a weak place in cloth. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 Wither. 
 
 Wad ] 
 
 , xr > a soft heap or bundle ? 
 
 WED, n.) 
 
 Water, what is yielding or soft. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 Weather. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 WINCE, e. to shrivel, as apples. 
 
 Wind, what is yielding or soft. 
 
 Wane. 
 
 WANZE, e. to waste away. 
 
 Want? 
 
 WOOD-WANTS, n. holes in heart-rotten or hollow 
 
 wood. 
 Wan, weak-looking. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 WALCH, n. "1 
 
 WALSH, n. > insipid, weak. 
 WALLOW, n.] 
 Wool, what is weak, or soft. 
 
 E. Stems. 
 WEARCH, n. "j 
 
 WERCH, n. > weak, insipid. 
 WAIRSH, n. J
 
 W*NG. 195 
 
 ,, r -p \ weak limbed. 
 
 WIRGH, Fr.) 
 
 " 'K bin wirgh," Fr. 
 " I am weary. 
 
 Wire? 
 
 To wind, See. 
 
 NK. 
 
 WANKE, Fr. to wind, go here and there. 
 WINK, "1 a thing for winding on a rope or 
 Winch,/ chain. 
 
 WENCE, e. a turning at the crossing of two 
 roads. 
 
 G. 
 
 WIG, n. a kind of cake. 
 
 WIK, WYCK, o.l , ,. . , , . ,, , 
 ^r T ' > a bending or inlet in the shore. 
 
 Wyke, / 
 
 WIRES, 1 of the month, n. the turnings or 
 
 WEEKS,/ corners. 
 
 Week, of days, a turning or period of days. 
 
 Wicker, what bends. 
 
 Wick, Wicked, winding out of right, wrong. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 WISRET, w. a flat basket made of bands of 
 wood. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 Weazle, what winds or bends ?
 
 196 W*NG. 
 
 West, the wending, or going off, or the bend- 
 ing (of the horizon). 
 Waist, the bending-place of the body. 
 WASTLE, to. to wind, wander. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 Wamble, to wind as a loose wheel. 
 Wemmel, an augur. 
 Wimple, n. to meander. 
 Wimple, a winding hood. 
 WIM, w. to winnow, wind a fan. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 WAP, e. to wind up. 
 
 n. a bundle. 
 
 WAPPER-EYED, w. with eyes rolling or squint- 
 ing. 
 
 WAPPER-JAWS, jaws awry. 
 
 Wabble, to wind from side to side, like a loose 
 wheel. 
 
 Wave. ~\ 
 
 Waver. \ 
 
 WAFFLE, j 
 
 WAFF, n. a waving of the hand. 
 
 WAFFLER, n. the green sand-piper, from its 
 waving flight. 
 
 WAFF, n. to wave or roll up in boiling, weak. 
 
 Wafer, what is weak ?
 
 W*NG. 197 
 
 Waft, to float, wave-like. 
 Waif, what has wandered ? 
 Weave, to wind or twine threads. 
 Woof, the threads on which the warp is woven. 
 Wife, once the weaver of the household. 
 Web. 
 
 WABSTEE, n. a weaver. 
 WE VET, w. what weaves, a spider. 
 Weevil, what winds? 
 
 WAVERS, n. young timberlings left in a felled 
 wood. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 Wad, what is woven or twisted? 
 
 Wadmel, a woven stuff. 
 
 Wade, to wend or wind on ? 
 
 Waddle. 
 
 WEETH, w. pliant, tough. 
 
 Withy.l 
 
 With. J 
 
 Withwind. 
 
 W*D, a winding or fastening, as a knot. 
 
 WED, o.l 
 
 ^ T > a pledge, an agreement. 
 
 WAD, n.\ 
 
 WADD, n. a forfeit, a pledge. 
 
 r a woman who keeps an 
 
 WEDDER-woman, n. I office for servants, a 
 WADDLE-WIFE, | woman who makes 
 
 WADS or agreements. 
 
 I
 
 198 W*NG. 
 
 Wedding, a pledging of troth. 
 
 Wage, to pledge. 
 
 Wages. 
 
 Wager. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 W*ND, to wind, to bend or turn right and 
 left. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Wend. 
 
 Wander, to keep winding. 
 
 Wonder, to wind with the mind. 
 
 WINTLE, n. to stagger, wind. 
 
 Wond, WONT, w. an animal that winds under 
 
 ground, a mole. 
 WONT-WRIGGLE, w. a mole's tunnel. 
 
 WANDLE, n.~\ . .,, . , , , r 
 ^Tfr > that will wind or bend, pliant. 
 
 WANDY, J 
 
 Wand, primarily, was a rod that would wind or 
 bend ; as in basket or hurdle-work. 
 
 Wattle. 
 
 WANDED-chair or basket, n. a withy one. 
 
 WANTY, n. e. a large girth or winder. 
 
 WINDLES, n. blades on which to wind yarn. 
 
 Windlas. 
 
 WINT, e. s. a bend or turn, two ridges of ground 
 ploughed by one turn of the horses on and 
 back.
 
 W*NG. 199 
 
 Wind a ship. 
 
 WEND, WIEND, n. a turn-again, a narrow street 
 
 or court. 
 
 WENCE, s. a road-turning. 
 WIDDLE, e. young duck. 
 
 Wan, in composition, means wrong or wind- 
 ing out of a right course, as mis-. 
 
 Wanhonour, n. dishonour. 
 Wanluck, n. ill luck. 
 Wanrest, n. anxiety. 
 Wanchance, n. mischance. 
 Wanweard, n. wayward. 
 
 Wanton ? 
 
 Wone, n. to turn and return to an act or a place. 
 
 Wont. 
 
 WENSTED, 0."] ,11 
 
 ~ > a wonted place. 
 
 ONSTEAD, J 
 
 Wean, to accustom. 
 WENNLE, e. a weanling calf. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 W*LL, to roll, to roll over as uprising waves 
 of hot water, to boil. 
 
 WALL, WALLOP, n. to boil. 
 Pot-WALLOPERS, pot-boilers, householders.
 
 200 W*NG. 
 
 Wallow. 
 
 WEEL, n. a whirlpool. 
 
 WALLOWY, w. having a sickly feeling of a roll- 
 ing in the stomach. 
 
 WALLOP, e. to roll or wrap up clumsily. 
 
 WALLOPING, n. bending or rolling in gait. 
 
 Welter, WALTER, e. to roll about. 
 
 Over-WELT sheep, n. a sheep having rolled over 
 that it cannot get up. 
 
 WOLDER, e. a roll or bandage. 
 
 WALT, n. to totter, roll over. 
 
 Walt, to roll as a ship without ballast. 
 
 WELT, a roll or fold in leather or cloth. 
 
 Weld, iron. 
 
 WOULD, to wind ropes round a sprung mast. 
 
 Weale. 
 
 Wales of a ship, the sundry bends of it. 
 
 Willy, a withy basket. 
 
 WILK, e. a wicker strainer for brewing. 
 
 WILF, n. a willow. 
 
 WAL-MA, -> 
 
 WEL-MA, I what wallows or boils, a seething, 
 
 Walm, | or a springhead. 
 
 Welm, J 
 
 Welkin, what rolls round. 
 
 Walk, to wend. 
 
 w ,, I* what bends round ; in Frisian the 
 
 , TT } < sea-shore, then a town-bank, or 
 WEAL, o. ,, 
 
 [ wall, &c.
 
 W*NG. 201 
 
 K. Stems. 
 
 Wire. 
 
 WEOR-MA, o.} , 
 
 ,, r > what twists. 
 
 Worm, J 
 
 WARBLE, n. a kind of worm that breeds on 
 cattle. 
 
 WARE, w.") 
 
 -,. > sea-weed. 
 
 WEAR, n.) 
 
 Warble, to wind in sound, as in singing. 
 
 To wind round, as for warding or guarding. 
 
 " Bewerre my, O God," Fr. 
 " Guard me, O God." 
 
 WEER, n. wear, keep off, guard. 
 
 Wary. 
 
 WARE one's money, n. to take care of it, spend 
 
 it well. 
 
 WARISHT, n. got out of danger in sickness. 
 w f what keeps in or back, (as water, 
 
 wr* ' , 4 fish, or a foe), a dam, mound- 
 WERE, Fr. I ,. rp, 
 
 (_ fence. 1 hence 
 
 WARTH, n. a ford or dam. 
 
 Warth, payment for a castle-guard. 
 
 Warrant, a warding. 
 
 Warn, to ward by words. 
 
 Ward. 
 
 Warden. 
 
 Warder.
 
 202 W*NG. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 WARD, e. the hardening of the skin of the in- 
 ner hand by tools, &c. 
 
 Wear, (clothes, or weapons), to wrap or wind 
 round. 
 
 WEAR-MA, o. what wraps or bends round. 
 
 Warm, as the effect of being wrapped or sur- 
 rounded. 
 
 Warm-store, n. a store laid up in a safe place 
 till wanted, thence 
 
 Wara, Were, JFV. what winds round, edge, the 
 lip. 
 
 Word, what is lipped. 
 
 W*NG. 
 Second branch. 
 
 To spring up or out in substance or motion. 
 To strike out or yearn in body or mind. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Wencle, 0.1 . , 
 
 Wench, j ^ growing girl. 
 
 IG. 
 
 WIG, Fr. to wield a weapon, &c. 
 WIG, o. war. 
 Wag, to stir. 
 
 WAGGLE, "1 , ,. ,,, 
 
 ^r r } to stir on, waddle. 
 
 WAIGGLE, n.]
 
 W*NG. 203 
 
 WIGGER, n. stirring, active. 
 
 Wight, an active man. 
 
 Weigh, to bear up or off. 
 
 Waggon. 
 
 Wag, one stirsome for fun. 
 
 DGE. 
 Wedge, what strikes out wood, &c. 
 
 K. 
 
 Wake, to spring up. 
 
 Watch, to keep awake. 
 
 Wait, to keep awake. 
 
 Waites, watchers. 
 
 Wake (of a ship), its outstruck course. 
 
 W'eax-an, o. 
 
 WAEGS-EN, Fr.J to &> 8 P rm S out ' 
 
 Wax. 
 
 Way, what strikes out. 
 
 WYSE, n.' 
 
 ITT-. f to strike off or out. 
 
 Wise, 
 
 B. 
 
 Wipe, to strike out. 
 Weep, to wipe the eyes. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 TT CCtl. I i . 
 
 ,*,. , > what springs out. 
 Wood,/ 
 
 Wide, out-striking, out-springing.
 
 204 W*NG. 
 
 WOD, o. I 
 Wo AD, n. "^ > mad. 
 WUDE, n.J J 
 WEAD, n. madly angry. 
 
 SK. 
 
 Winsch, Ger.~] , t . 
 
 to strike out in mind, yearn. 
 
 > 
 Wash, to strike out. 
 
 - N. 
 
 Win, to strike for, to get by striving. 
 WIZZLE, n. to win a thing slily. 
 Ween, to strike out in mind. 
 FOR-WEENED, w. wayward in mind. 
 Wen, what springs out. 
 Wince, to strike out. 
 Wind, what strikes on. 
 Wound, from a striking. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 To strike out in will. 
 To strike out freely. 
 
 WALLE, WALE,"] . 
 
 ^ r > choose. 
 
 WEAL, n. J 
 
 Out-WALE, n. an out-choosing. 
 
 nr ' _ f to act of unbound or free will. 
 WIELD, Fr.j 
 
 (( Dat ma wald mey wald wrdry wn mey," Fr. 
 " That man may overcome might by might."
 
 QU*NG. 205 
 
 To wield. 
 
 Wold. \ 
 
 Weald.J 
 
 Wild. 
 
 WILLERN, n. wilful, wayward. 
 
 WAUDEN, n. vigorous, active. 
 
 Wart,! , 
 
 *nr 7f what grows out. 
 
 Wort,/ 
 
 Several stems of this root are taken for war 
 actions. 
 
 Wig, FT. to wield a weapon. 
 Wig, o. war. 
 Wage, war. 
 Weapon. 
 Win. 
 War. 
 
 QU*NG. 
 
 KW*NG. 
 
 HW*NG. 
 
 First branch. 
 
 1. 
 
 strike to and fro, vibrate, shake, stir 
 quickly. 
 To whirl or swing. 
 
 2. 
 
 To quicken, to bring forth in birth or growth. 
 
 T
 
 206 QU*NG. 
 
 NG. 
 
 HWING, 0. "I , ., 
 
 , TT . > what vibrates. 
 
 Wing, / 
 
 WHANG, a strong swinging stroke, also a leather 
 thong. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Wink, a vibration of the eyelids. 
 NCH. 
 
 Quinch, to stir, flounce. 
 
 G. 
 
 WHIG, to ferment ? 
 WHIGGEN, n. whey. 
 QUAG, w. 
 
 Quagmire, > what vibrates. 
 QUAGGLE, s. J 
 
 S-QUIGGLE, e. to shake to and fro, as fluid in a 
 bottle. 
 
 K. 
 
 WHOOK, n. to shake. 
 
 Quake, 
 
 WAKE, n. 
 
 Whack, a swinging stroke. 
 
 Quick. 
 
 Quick-hedge. 
 
 Quick-silver. 
 
 WHICKS, n. slips of quick-thorn.
 
 QU*NG. 207 
 
 CH. 
 
 QUEACH, e. an unplowed piece of living grass, 
 by arable. 
 
 Quitch-grass.] . ,,,.<, 
 
 rt -L f grass tenacious of life. 
 
 L/ooch-grass, J c 
 
 Couch, the bed of sprouting malt. 
 Queachy, shaking like a quagmire. 
 
 SK. 
 
 "Whisk, ~\ , a at. 
 , > to fly, flutter. 
 
 WHIEW, n.j 
 
 Wash, to rub or beat with vibrating or swing- 
 ing strokes. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 WHEAMOW, nimble. 
 
 Whim, a quick lively thought. 
 
 Whimsey. 
 
 WHIGMA-LEEKY, n. an idle thought, whim. 
 
 WHAM, n. a shaking bog, quagmire. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 Quips and cranks, quick movements and bend- 
 ings of body. 
 QUOB, io. 
 QUOP, w. 
 
 QUOB, Fr. w. a quagmire. 
 Quibble ? 
 Quiver, to vibrate.
 
 208 QU*NG. 
 
 QUAVIN-GOG, w. a quagmire. 
 
 QUAVERY-MAVERY, e. shaking and moving. 
 
 WHOP, a swinging blow. 
 
 WHAPPET, a little whop. 
 
 Whip, I . 
 
 WIPP, Fr.} &t Vlbrates ' 
 
 Whiffle,! . , f 
 
 -i -a? /to move to and fro. 
 W mil, J 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 WHIDDLE, n. to keep fretting. 
 
 WHEDDER, n. to tremble. 
 
 Quoddle, to boil a thing with gentle shakings 
 or vibrations. 
 
 Whet, to strike to an fro ? 
 
 WITE, n. nimble. 
 
 White, though a puzzling word, is certainly a 
 stem of the root KW*NG, or HW*NG. Look- 
 ing to the use of the word by Beowulf, and 
 Cynewulf, I should think it meant lively, or 
 impressive in force, which would suit fairly 
 both the root and the word, and so the 
 North Frieslanders call the right hand " di 
 witte hand" the white hand, /. e. the quick or 
 active hand, and I think, therefore, that 
 white means the colour of " lively force." 
 
 White. 
 
 Wheat, albumen ? what is white ? 
 
 Whittle, a white undyed cloth.
 
 QU*NG. 209 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 QUANT, e.'] , f , . 
 
 }> a pole for pushing on a boat. 
 QUONT, e.j 
 
 Quandary, a wavering or vibration of thought. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 QUILT, to strike alternately, as a cat with al- 
 ternate motions of the feet, to beat v 
 Quill, a vibrater? like hwing, wing. 
 Wheel, what whirls. 
 While, a whole turn or period ? 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 WHIR, w. to swing off, or round. 
 
 Whirl. 
 
 Wherry, a light boat tippling from side to side ? 
 
 WHERRET, w. a swinging blow, a box on the 
 
 ear. 
 
 Wharf, a swinging round, a bend in a river. 
 Warp, an up-cast of lands between two dams 
 
 or furrows. 
 
 Warp, the threads swung round in weaving. 
 Warp, to twist round. 
 
 Queer, . , . 
 
 V warped, not straight. 
 
 QUARE, W.\
 
 210 
 QU*NG. 
 
 KW*NG. 
 
 HW*NG. 
 
 Second branch. 
 
 1. 
 To squeeze, compress, overcome, subdue. 
 
 NK. 
 QUANK, w. to subdue, to tire, over-tire. 
 
 NCH. 
 Quench. 
 
 | -rr 
 
 QUEEK, to squeeze. 
 QUACKLE, e. to choke. 
 
 ST. 
 
 QUEST, n. to squeeze back, as the side of a loa 
 by another. 
 
 s. 
 
 QUEZZEN, e. to suffocate with noxious vapour. 
 QUIZZLE, e. to suffocate. 
 
 SK. 
 
 QUASH, s. to still, subdue.
 
 QU*NG. -211 
 
 M. Stems. 
 QUAMP, w. still, subdued. 
 Wheemly, n. quietly, smoothly. 
 WHEAM, n. compressed close, wind-tight. 
 WHEAM, m.~ 
 
 -.IIT- f close-at-hand. 
 
 W HEM, m. J 
 
 Bequem, Ger. 
 " It lies wheem for me," (Cheshire). 
 
 HWAEM, O."l 
 
 TT > an angle. 
 
 HWOM, o. J 
 
 WHAIN, n. "I 
 
 ,,,- > to coax, entice. 
 
 W HANTEE, n.) 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 QUOT, w. 1 with the hunger overcome, sa- 
 QUOTTED, w.] tiated. 
 QUID, w. to suck, squeeze out. 
 WHITTER, n. a hearty draught. 
 
 ,* C, } ' > to swallow, squeeze down. 
 Quaff, J 
 
 QUIEL, Fr. spittle. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 WHINDLING, w. thin, compressed, narrow. 
 
 WHINNER-NEB, a thin-faced man. 
 
 Quinsy, a compressing or strangling of the 
 
 throat ? 
 QUONS, e. a mustard-mill.
 
 212 QU*NG. 
 
 Whin, the close or compressed plant ? 
 CWEAN, o. qucB premitur ? a female, thence 
 WHY-CALF, n. a cow-calf. 
 Queen-cat. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Quell. 
 
 QUAIL, n. to be overcome, faint. 
 QUELTER, w. to be overcomingly hot. 
 Quel-ma, s.l what overcomes one, afainty feel- 
 Qualm, J ing. 
 Quilt, what is squeezed together ? 
 WHELK, n. a compressed mass ? as of straw. 
 WHOAVE, w.^ to overwhelm, press, or cover 
 Hwealfan, o. / down. 
 WHEL-MA, o. what presses or covers down. 
 WHELM, e. 
 
 , TT f to turn over as a tub. 
 
 WHEMMLE, n. 
 
 Over-wHELM. 
 
 E. Stems. 
 
 Quire (of paper), one lot as pressed together ? 
 Quern, what squeezes, a handmill. 
 
 The following stems are for slender sounds, 
 such as those made by air through a squeezed 
 or narrow passage. 
 
 WHINGE, n. to whine. 
 WHICKEK, to neigh.
 
 WR*NG. 213 
 
 ST. 
 
 QUEST, w. 1 
 
 QUIST, I" the dove, (the complainer). 
 
 QUICE, e. J 
 
 SK. 
 QUESK, w. to complain. 
 
 T> 
 
 Whoop. 
 
 D. 
 
 QUEDEN, Fr.~] A 
 
 ,,, > to speak. 
 
 Quoth he, J 
 
 N. 
 
 Whine. 
 
 WHINDLE, whine. 
 Whinny, neigh. 
 
 L. 
 WHILK, s. to yelp. 
 
 K. 
 
 QOERKE, 1 to make a kind of grunt in heav- 
 QUIEK, w.) ing, &c. 
 
 T 
 
 WK*NG. 
 
 O wring, to squeeze twistingly. 
 To wrap round.
 
 214 W*RNG. 
 
 Wring. 
 
 WRING, a screw-press, a cider-wring, or cheese- 
 wring. 
 
 WRONG, e. a twisted bough. 
 Wrong. 
 Wrangle. 
 
 NK. 
 Wrinkle. 
 
 CH. 
 Wrench. 
 WRANCH, w. a screw-turner. 
 
 Wriggle. 
 
 " Sille naet yens forwrigglle," FT. 
 " Shall not once stir off." 
 
 Wrig, to wrap up, clothe. 
 WRIGGLES, e. sand-ells. 
 
 K. 
 Wreck. 
 
 WROCKLE, s. wrinkle. 
 Wretch. 
 
 Stub stems. 
 Awry. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Wrest. 
 
 Wrestle. "I 
 WROSTLE, n. > 
 WRAXLE.
 
 WR*NG. 215 
 
 Wrist, what twists round. 
 WREASLE, n. a weasle. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 WRUMPLE, w. to wring into folds. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 Wrap. 
 WROBBLE, w. to wrap up. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 WRIDE, w. Fr. to push or wind out in growth. 
 
 " Dat waegst in wreydt," Fr. 
 " It waxes and wrides." 
 
 WRIDE, w. a lot of stalks or stems spreading 
 out of one grain or root, as a hazel-wride, a 
 wride of wheat. 
 
 Writhe. 
 
 Wreathe. 
 
 Wreath. 
 
 WRIDDEN, n. crabbed, twisted. 
 
 Write, to wind this way and that. 
 
 WROUT, n. to dig. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Wren, what infolds or incloses itself in its nest. 
 WRINE, w. a mark or fold in wrung cloth.
 
 216 
 
 D*NG. 
 
 1. 
 IO ding or cast down, to dangle. 
 
 2. 
 To do or dunt back from motion or action. 
 
 3. 
 To do off limbs or outgrowth. 
 
 4. 
 
 To do down into shares, or to do up into a 
 mass. 
 
 ' > to strike with a downward stroke. 
 DANG,/ 
 
 " Ding him down," n. cast him down. 
 Dung, what is cast down. 
 
 " Thy casting down shall be in thee," (Bible). 
 
 DUNG, n. beaten down, conquered. 
 DUNGY, s. downcast, tired. 
 
 " The horse was quite dungy." 
 
 Dangle, to hang down. 
 
 Dingle, a down-hanging, or valley between two 
 hills.
 
 D*NG. 217 
 
 NK. 
 
 of the air. with downcast or down- 
 DONK, n. > , 
 
 hanging wet. 
 DONKY, n.} 
 
 NGE. 
 
 Dungeon, a pit, or pit-like prison. 
 
 NCH. 
 
 DINCH-PICK, w. a dung-pick. 
 DUNCH, n. to strike, as with the elbow. 
 
 G. 
 
 DAG, n. ~j , , 
 
 > what hangs, dew, or a mist. 
 DAAG, s.j 
 
 DAGGY, n. dewy, misty. 
 
 DEG, n. to cast' down drops, to sprinkle. 
 
 DAGLETS, w. icicles. 
 
 DAGS, s. 1 hanging dirty locks of sheep, 
 
 DAG-LOCKS, s. J hanging points in clothes. 
 
 DUGS, what hang, the teats of animals, or dirty 
 
 folds in a frock-tail. 
 
 DAGGLES,! little hangings of dirt on women's 
 DUGGLES,/ skirts. 
 DUGGED, dirty with dugs. 
 DAWGS, "I 
 
 DAWKS, > a dirty woman, with dugs on her tail. 
 DAWKIN,] 
 Dig, to ding down.
 
 218 D*NG. 
 
 Dog? 
 
 DIGHT, m. to foul or dirty, to cast dirt on. 
 Dog-cheap, dung-cheap. 
 
 Dogger, (Ducker), a fishing-vessel, with a fish- 
 well in it. 
 
 DGE. 
 
 DADGE, n."] to walk clumsily, with down- 
 DODGE, n.J thumping feet. 
 DADGE, n. a down-thumping lump. 
 Dodge, n. wettish, with a little down-falling 
 rain. 
 
 DACKEK, n. hanging or downcast. 
 
 DAIKER, n. to hang lazily about. 
 
 DACKER, e. to hang down or waver. 
 
 Dock, the down-hanging plant ? 
 
 DOUKY, n. with down-hanging, or slightly down- 
 
 falling wet, damp, rather rainy. 
 Duck, to go down, dive. 
 
 " Sinne in moanne ryzje in duwckje," Fr. 
 " Sun and moon rise and go down." 
 
 Duck, a bird that ducks. 
 
 Dock, a sunk watercovered place ? 
 
 Dike, DICK, Ditch, a sunk or dug hollow. 
 
 DOKE, e. a deep furrow. 
 
 Deck, to cover down.
 
 D*NG. 219 
 
 Deck, "I -jo 
 
 Thatch,/ * covering down? 
 
 TCH. 
 
 Ditch, a down-dug hollow. 
 
 Dawn, the first down-dinging of the sun's light. 
 
 " Di stearre op deage," Fr. 
 <f The star appeared." 
 
 Day, the down dinging of the sun's light. 
 Dough, what is dinged or kneaded. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 
 DOWST, w. to beat. 
 Dust, what is beaten. 
 Dastard, one readily daunted. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 Dusk, the undergoing of the sun. 
 DASH, to ding down or against. 
 DUSH, n. to ding against, push. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 DOWSE, w. 5. a blow or stroke. 
 DOWSING, n. s. a beating. 
 DIZE, n. cast tow on a distaff. 
 Bedizen ?
 
 220 D*NG. 
 
 DOUSE, n. who casts things together, wise, 
 
 thoughtful. 
 Dace? 
 
 Doze, to ding down or nod the head. 
 DOZZLE, n. a paste flower, struck with a print ? 
 
 on a pie-crust. 
 
 DOSSY, n. dull, not bright ; soft, not crisp. 
 DAZED-BREAD, n. dough-baked. 
 
 MEAT, n. ill-roasted. 
 
 DESSE, n. to cast or beat down close or hard, as 
 
 hay or wool. 
 DESS, n. a pile or lump. 
 DESS.I 
 Dais ?J 
 
 The root D*NG, in sundry of its forms, means 
 to strike or stop back or down the keenness of 
 any sense. 
 
 Dunch, hearing-struck. 
 DUNCH-PASSAGE, a blind passage. 
 
 > to ding back the sight. 
 Dizzy, brain-struck. 
 
 3 ' > feeling-struck, numbed, withered. 
 DEZZED, n.} 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 D**M, FT. to ding, or stop back or short. 
 Dam, a water-stopping bank.
 
 D*NG. 221 
 
 UWT-DOMP, Fr. to quench. 
 Dim, sight-stopping. 
 DIMMET, w. dusk. 
 Dumb, speech-stopped. 
 DOMEL, w. sense-stopped, stupid. 
 
 * ' > what stops short. 
 Dumpy,J 
 
 DUMPS, downcast feelings. 
 
 Damp, to ding down the fire, as to damp the 
 
 fire. 
 
 Damper. 
 Deem. 
 
 DIMMOCK, e. a down-striker, a warrior. 
 DOUGHT, n. down-striking might, bravery. 
 Doughty, brave. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 Dab, 1 to dash or ding soft stuff against a body, 
 
 Daub,J to ding under, to cover. 
 
 DUBBIN, w. suet. 
 
 DABBET, w. a little dab. 
 
 DOBBLE, n. to daub in a small way. 
 
 " Djiep bedobbe, Fr" 
 " Deep o'ercovered." 
 
 Dub, to strike, dash over. 
 
 DUBS, s.l flat dabs of lead, or flat-sided sheep- 
 
 DIBS, w.\ bones, coins.
 
 222 D*NG. 
 
 DAB, e. *\ 
 
 DIBBER, > a hole-striking tool for planting seeds. 
 
 Dibble, J 
 
 Dabble, to ding or strike down in a small way. 
 
 Dab-chick, a diving fowl. 
 
 DOBBY, n.~] j ,. 
 *> a dolt. 
 DOPE, n. j 
 
 Dobbin, down-thumper, or heavy treader. 
 
 T. ^' > dip, to go down. 
 DIB, n.j L ' 
 
 DIB, n. a valley. 
 
 DUB, n. a deepness, a pool of water. 
 
 Dive. 
 
 DIVVY-DUCK, w. a dab-chick. 
 
 Deep, down sunk. 
 
 DAPPER, dinging, active. 
 
 DAB, ") ,. , .,,, , 
 
 Y^ , |> a dmger, a skilful man. 
 
 Dappled, as if dashed with dabs of colour. 
 
 ' ' the prints, likeness. 
 DABS, J 
 
 " The very daps of his father." 
 
 DUFF, w.l , i i i 
 
 > to stop back, daunt. 
 DAFF, n.j 
 
 DAFT, B.1 . 
 
 _ > having some sense or senses stopped. 
 
 jJeal, 
 
 DAFFLE, n. to become rather daff. 
 DAVER, n. to stun, stop back senses.
 
 D*NG. 223 
 
 DEAFLY, n. stopped off from others, lonely. 
 
 DEEF, n.~\ stopped back, unfruitful, as deaf- 
 
 DEAF, w.J land, a deef-nut. 
 
 DUFFE, to daunt. 
 
 Dave, n. to stop back pain, assuage, relieve. 
 
 Deft, n. pretty, neat, handy. 
 
 DOVER, n. sleep, a sense-dinged state. 
 
 Divot, n. "I 
 
 Divet, n. > a digging, a turf-sod. 
 
 Duffet, s.J 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 D*D, to ding back or up into a mass or 
 lump. 
 
 To do off limbs or outgrowth. 
 
 DAD, n.~\ 
 
 -P. > a lump. 
 
 DOD, n.j 
 
 DODGE, e. a lump, as of clay. 
 
 DODDY, e. m. "] , ., , ,. , 
 
 -rj lumpy, with short limbs. 
 
 HODDY-DODDY, W. S.j 
 
 DODDED, n. hornless, as a sheep. 
 
 DODDED, DODDERED, n. awnless, or beardless, 
 
 (of wheat). 
 DODD, n. to cut wool from sheep's tails, or cut 
 
 off their tails. 
 
 Dowdy, a dod-like woman. 
 Dot. 
 DUDDS, w. n. dirty lumps, or lumps, as of 
 
 ragged clothes.
 
 224 D*NG. 
 
 DODDED, draggle-tailed. 
 
 DUDDLES, little lumps. 
 
 THICKY-DUDDLE, w. milk or water with flour or 
 oatmeal, so called from the little dods of 
 meal, whence it is called in the North, Knotty- 
 tommy. 
 
 DuDDLE-up, to lie up in a dod or lump, like 
 piglings. 
 
 DUDDER, DADDER, DATHER, to daunt one's 
 thoughts, bewilder. 
 
 DODMAN, e. a shell snail or hod. 
 
 DAWD, n. a scarecrow, a large lump. 
 
 DODDER, to tangle in a dod. 
 
 DODDERING-DICKIES, n. heads of quaking 
 grass. 
 
 DUDS, DODS, nipples or teats. 
 
 DADDLE, DAUDLE, n. to dangle, to walk un- 
 steadily, as a child. 
 
 DODDLE, n. to toddle. 
 
 Daudle, to do slowly and weakly. 
 
 DIDDER, n. to shake with cold. 
 
 Do, to ding. 
 
 Deed. 
 
 Do AT, DOATY, w. s. to nod the head in slum- 
 ber. 
 
 Die, to ding down. 
 
 DOATED, e. dinged, dead, or rotten, as wool. 
 
 DADDOCK, DADDICK, w. rotten wood. 
 
 DOWD, n. dead, lifeless, as liquor.
 
 D*NG. 225 
 
 DOITED, n. doltish. 
 
 Dotterel ? 
 
 Dit, n. to stop, daub. 
 
 Ditten, n. mortar to daub an oven. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Din, a noise of dinging. 
 
 Dint, a stroke or the hollow of it. 
 
 Dimple, a hollow, as of a stroke. 
 
 DINNLE, n. to shake by strokes. 
 
 Dance. 
 
 DUNT, Sc. to beat, as the heart. 
 
 ? > to strike the senses dull or numb. 
 DUNT, e.j 
 
 DDNT, e. numb, dizzy. 
 A DuNT-sheep, a dizzy moping sheep. 
 DANSEY-headed, n. giddy, thoughtless. 
 DANDER, n. to hobble, strike down the feet. 
 DANDERS, n. down-strikings, or scoria of a 
 
 forge. 
 
 Dandle, to ding down and up. 
 DINDLE, n. to have strokes of pain. 
 Thunder, noise such as of strikings. 
 DUNNY, s. with the hearing dun ted. 
 Dunce, with the mind dunted. 
 DAIN, w. what strikes the smell, bad odour. 
 
 3 ' \ a downcast dell, dingle. 
 DENE, n.) 
 
 Q
 
 226 D*NGr. 
 
 Down, soft feathers. 
 
 DUN-HAMMER, ~| a knob of down, the name of 
 Yellow-hammer,/ a bird. 
 NINNY-HAMMER, a dunce. 
 
 It seems from the Frisian that fools formerly 
 bore a club, with a big but harmless head, of a 
 bag filled with feathers or down, Fr., dunn, 
 donse, and the club was called donse or dun- 
 hammer. 
 
 " A dunce," one with a head as if a bag of 
 feathers. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 DEL,JFV.l , 
 Dull, j down > low " 
 
 Dell,l . 
 
 T. , > a low-cast ground. 
 
 Dale,J 
 
 DOWEL, e. a low marshy ground. 
 
 DALY, DOWLY, n. downcast in mind or low in 
 
 health. 
 
 DULLOR, e. a low sound. 
 DOWLED, n. flat, as beer. 
 DILL, n. to dunt pain. 
 DOLL, DULL, Fr. dunted in mind. 
 Dally. 
 Dolt. 
 
 DOIL, W. 1 j v -1J i. 11 
 
 > delirium, wild talk. 
 DILDRAM, .J 
 
 Dool, n. sorrow, downcast mind.
 
 D*NG. 227 
 
 DELK, e. "1 a hole dinged in the soil, or flesh, a 
 
 Delk, JFV.J wound. 
 
 DOLK, DOKE, e. s. a furrow, dint, a flaw or hole 
 
 in a boy's marble. 
 
 DAKE, w.^\ to make a hole or wound with a 
 Dawk, J sharp thing. 
 Delve, to ding or dig. 
 DELF, a deep ditch or drain. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 D*L, to do down into shares. 
 
 To DEAL cards, to share out the cards. 
 
 Dole, a share. 
 
 To deal in goods, to sell or buy shares of 
 them. 
 
 DOOL, e. a wide balk. 
 
 DALLOP, n. s. a small share or patch of green 
 ground or weeds in a cornfield, a lump of 
 anything tumbled about in the hands. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 DURR, n. with feeling dunted, numb. 
 
 DOUR, n. downcast, sullen, sour. 
 
 DAR, w. a mark, (struck ?), to measure by. 
 
 Dark 1 
 
 ^ > dunted down or hidden. 
 Dim, j 
 
 DEARN, n. downcast, melancholy. 
 Darn, to do down, or cover.
 
 228 D*NG. 
 
 Darnel, the lurking plant ? 
 
 Dirt, what daubs. 
 
 Dirk, what dings into a body. 
 
 ' > to strike back, daunt. 
 Dare, J 
 
 " Wa schoe my derre ? " Fr. 
 " Who should intimidate me ? " 
 
 " Het kin hem derre ? " Fr. 
 " What can terrify them ? " 
 
 DORTY, n. saucy. 
 
 THIK, w. 1 , /.. , , 
 
 > to frighten. 
 DEKE, w.) 
 
 n. to harm. 
 
 Dire, daunting. 
 
 DRERN, w. stern, backstriking. 
 
 Door, what dunts off. 
 
 DURDLE, w. a little door, or a kind of door, as 
 
 in Durdle-door, a door-like opening in a rock 
 
 near Lulworth. 
 
 Durdle would have been a good English 
 name for a little door in a gate. 
 
 Sound stems. 
 
 D*R, a low din, or what makes it. 
 DORA, o. a drone, a beetle. 
 DORE, a cock-chafer. 
 DUMBLE-DORE, w. the humble-bee.
 
 DR*NG. 229 
 
 DURD-MA, 0.1 t , ,. 
 
 T>. }> a, loud dm. 
 
 DUEDOM, 
 
 A, 0.1 
 
 I, n. J 
 
 T 
 
 DK*NG. 
 1. 
 
 O draw on, or in, or down. 
 
 2. 
 
 To draw off wet, as by evaporation, or to 
 draw it in, as in soaking. 
 
 NK. 
 Drink, to draw in liquor. 
 
 NCH. 
 Drench. 
 
 DREEG, Fr. long-drawn. 
 
 Drag. 
 
 Draggle. 
 
 DRUG, e.l a heavy carriage for drawing tim- 
 
 Drag, J ber, &c. 
 
 Dregs. 
 
 DGE. 
 
 Dredge, to draw at the bottom of water. 
 DREDGE, what is drawn, a bush-harrow to be 
 drawn over spread dung.
 
 230 DR*NG. 
 
 Drudge, one who drags weights, &c. 
 
 K. 
 
 DRACK, n. to soak. 
 
 DROUCKET,"! " wi' weet," n. drenched with 
 
 DRICHT, n. j wet. 
 
 Draught, a sink, &c. 
 
 Draught-house, o. 
 
 DREOD-MA, 1 _,. j & ,, i , 
 
 TV > what draws on. the breech. 
 
 DRODDUM, w.J 
 
 Stub stems. 
 Draw. 
 
 DREE, n. drag on, as labour or hardship. 
 DREE, n. long-drawn, as a road : long drawing, 
 as a hard dealer in a bargain. 
 
 Dray, 1 -, 
 
 > a drag-cart. 
 DREE, .J 
 
 Dry. 
 
 DROW, 
 
 Drizzle. 
 
 DRAZEL, e. a dirty slut. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 Drowsy, limb-dragging. 
 Dross, what is drawn off. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 DREAP, "I . , . , 
 
 T-. > a milk-dried cow. 
 
 DRAPE, n.) 
 
 ow, w.j
 
 DR*NG. 231 
 
 DREAP, n. to drawl. 
 
 DRAFF, n. drained grains. 
 
 Drop. 
 
 DROPE, e. to drop slowly. 
 
 DRIBBLE, to keep falling or running in small 
 
 drops. 
 
 DRIP, n. a stalactite. 
 Drivel, to drop saliva. 
 Drip, to fall in drops. 
 DREEP, e. to drip slowly. 
 DRIB, s. driblet, a small drop or share. 
 Drive. 
 Drift. 
 Drove. 
 
 DRUVE, DRUVY, n. muddy, drippy. 
 Droop. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 Draught, n.1 f , 
 
 .~ > a team ot horses or oxen. 
 
 DRAIT, n. J 
 
 DRITE, n. to drawl. 
 
 DRAFTS, w. the draw-beams of a waggon. 
 
 1 to draw words slowly, drawl. 
 
 DRAUT, e. 
 DRYTH, s. 
 DROWTH, 
 DROUGHT. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 DREA-MA, a drawing off of the mind, fancy, joy, 
 a dream. 
 
 i, w. \ 
 
 T. J
 
 232 DW*NG. 
 
 DRUMBLE, to draw one's limbs, or draw out 
 sounds slowly. 
 
 DRUMBLE-DRANE, w. a dumble-dore, humble- 
 bee. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Drain. 
 
 DRAINSE, e. drained grains. 
 
 DRENE, w.~\ , , , 
 } to drawl. 
 DRANT, e. j 
 
 DRONE, FT. a long sound, as of a cow's lowing. 
 DRONE. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 Drawl. 
 
 DROIL,] , , 
 
 > a sluggard. 
 DRAIL,] 
 
 DRAIL, w. a drawing-iron of a plough. 
 DRILL, a man, to draw or decoy him. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 Dreary, dragging. 
 
 T 
 
 DW*NG. 
 dwindle. 
 
 NGE. 
 DWINGE, n. to shrivel, dwindle. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 DWAIN, faint, sickly.
 
 T*NG. 233 
 
 DWINE, n. to faint, disappear. 
 Dwindle. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 Dwarf. 
 
 T*NG. 
 
 1. 
 
 To draw or reach out in motion or substance, 
 or space. 
 
 To take or pull about. 
 
 To take or pull bodily, or be taken or pulled 
 in mind by anger. 
 
 NG. 
 
 Tongs, what draw or take. 
 
 Tang, n. what is drawn out sharp. 
 
 Tang, the out-drawn shaft of a handled tool. 
 
 Tongue. 
 
 Tang, n.~\ , ., .,, . A ,. 
 
 , to > to strike with a tang or point, sting. 
 TING, n.j 
 
 TING, w. to scold. 
 
 TANGING-NADDER, n. the dragon-fly. 
 Tingle. 
 TANG, w. 
 
 TT f to tie, untie. 
 
 UN-TANG, w.* 
 
 TING, w. a girth to gird panniers on a pack- 
 saddle. 
 
 Tang, a sea-weed. 
 Tangle.
 
 234 T*NG. 
 
 NCH. 
 
 Tench? 
 
 TEG,! ,, , 
 
 rp > a year-old sheep. 
 
 Tag, what reaches on. 
 
 TAGGLE, n. to draw out or delay an act. 
 
 Tail, (Taegel). 
 
 TAG, e. an onhanging rabble. 
 
 TEAGLE, w.l f , . . 
 
 T VI I & ear r " rawm g U P weights, &c. 
 
 rp ' I to pull or touch lightly. 
 
 Tug/ 
 
 TEUGH, n. to labour pullingly. 
 
 Tough, what will bear drawing. 
 
 -DGE. 
 
 TODGE, w. "1 a thick spoon-meat that may be 
 S-TODGE, w. \ drawn out. 
 
 -K. 
 
 Tack (a ship), draw her round. 
 
 Tack, to tie. 
 
 Tacker, what draws tight. 
 
 TACK, w. to slap with the hand. 
 
 Take. 
 
 TICK, e. to touch.
 
 T*NG. 235 
 
 TITTLE, e. s} t0 keep touchin S slightly. 
 Tuck, to pull or draw. 
 TUWKE, Fr. a branch, what reaches out. 
 Token, a reaching out, as of a pointing finger 
 
 or hand. 
 TIKE, n. an old horse (puller?) 
 
 TCH. 
 
 TECHY, zo.l soon taking anger, or drawn out 
 
 TACHY, w.j into action. 
 
 Touch. 
 
 Teach, to draw on. 
 
 Stub roots. 
 
 TEAW, Tz.l 
 
 TEW, e.~] I to pull. 
 
 Tow, e.j J 
 
 TIE-EN, Fr. to draw. 
 
 Tow, 
 
 TAW, Fr. a 
 
 Tow, e. drawing-gear, hoisting-gear. 
 
 Taw, to draw or clean hides. 
 
 Toes, what reach out. 
 
 Tie, to draw up. 
 
 Tight. 
 
 To, 1 , . 
 
 Till,/ drawm S U P- 
 
 Toy, what is to be taken, pulled about, or used ;
 
 236 T*NG. 
 
 an utensil. (See Tackle, K., and Tool, 
 L. stems.) 
 TAW, w. a tool marble, one to shoot with. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 
 T**ST. 
 
 To feel by touch of hand or tongue, to per- 
 ceive by a sense. 
 
 " Mid hand taest," Fr. 
 
 " With hand touch." 
 
 " Az d'harp swiet liewd my tomm'- taest 
 twong," Fr. 
 
 " As the harp's sweet sound with thumb- 
 touch twang." 
 
 TASTE, n. to smell. 
 
 Taste, to perceive by tongue. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 rp \ to pull about. 
 
 TOWZE, w.j 
 
 TAWY, n. tame, that will be led or handled. 
 
 TUSE, Fr.} . 
 
 Touse, J pu ' S> ' 
 
 TOZE. w. to pull apart wool, &c. 
 
 TOOZLE, n.1 ,, , 
 
 rp > to pull one about. 
 
 TOUZLE, n.J r 
 
 Tussle. 
 
 Teazle, what pulls cloth, &c.
 
 T*NG. 237 
 
 Tussock, an outreaching tuft of grass. 
 Toss. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 Tusk, what reaches out, or pulls. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 TI*MA, what draws or reaches forth, a series of 
 children. 
 
 " Fen teamm to teamme,'' FT. 
 " From generation to generation." 
 
 BAIRN-TEAMS, n. broods of children. 
 TAMMY, 
 
 , ( what will draw out as wire, ductile. 
 
 TAHMY, n.) 
 
 TEEM out, n. w. to draw out, as liquor. 
 TOOM, n. to draw out. 
 Tawm, n. a swoon. 
 TAUM, n. a fishing-line. 
 TOME, n. a hair fishing-line. 
 
 m . , * > what reaches on. 
 lide, J 
 
 Tame, taken or led by man. 
 
 Tamper, to pull or handle unskilfully. 
 
 Timber, what is drawn out, substance. 
 
 Tom, an element of many English substantives 
 cannot be a short form of Thomas. The form 
 of the word would seem to betoken emptiness, 
 or hollowness, out-reaching space.
 
 238 T*NGr. 
 
 Tom-boy, "j 
 
 Tom-fool, > empty-headed. 
 
 Tom-noddy,J 
 
 Tommy-noddy, n. the puffin that builds in 
 rock-holes. 
 
 Tom-tit, builds under grass, &c. 
 
 Tommy-loach, n. stays in holes. 
 
 Tom, a small drain-spade of hollow form. 
 
 Tommy, a plough with a double breast of hol- 
 low form to clear out furrows. 
 
 Tom-cull, w. the bull-head, stays under stones, 
 &c. 
 
 Tom-toddy, the tadpole. 
 
 Tom-cat, why torn or empty ? Quia nunquam 
 gravidus ? 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 Tab, a latchet, strip of leather, cloth, &c. 
 Tabby (cat), one marked with tabs of colour. 
 TUP, to strike out, butt. 
 
 TIP, w. I 
 
 m > a young ram. 
 
 TUP, w.j * 
 
 Tap, what draws off. 
 
 TIP, ^| 
 
 TIPPLE, I to reach off from a plum-line, so as 
 
 TIPE, e. | to fall over. 
 
 TIFE, J 
 
 TIPE, n.~\ , . , . , 
 m > draw in drink. 
 
 Tope, J
 
 T*NG. 239 
 
 > * 
 > to draw out to a top. 
 
 TIP, w. to tip a rick, finish its top. 
 
 Tippet, a top garment. 
 
 TIPPY, n. the brim of a hat. 
 
 Tape, what reaches on. 
 
 Taper, long-reaching. 
 
 TEAVE, w. to reach out the limbs, struggle. 
 
 Toft, what reaches round, a site of a fallen 
 
 house. 
 
 Tuft, what reaches out. 
 TIVOR, n. 1 
 
 TEAFOR, o. > what can be drawn out. 
 Tar, &c. J 
 
 TIFLE, n. ~) to draw or reach aboutin disorder, 
 TAFFLE, w.j to tangle. 
 TIFT, a drawing out, fit of anger. 
 TAFFETY, drawing out, or choosing food dain- 
 
 tily. 
 
 TOVET, 4 gallons/) drawings out, or measures 
 TOVEL, 2 gallons,/ of liquor ? 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 TITE, w. draw up, to weigh. 
 
 TAIT, w. ~\ . 
 
 , } to play see-saw. 
 
 TITTER, e.j 
 
 Tit 1 
 
 rp. ', what reaches out, a point.
 
 240 T*NG. 
 
 rp ^ _, a scale-drawing, or weight. 
 
 Tod, o. n. what reaches out, a bush, a fox's 
 
 brush? 
 
 TOTTLE, dragging, slow. 
 Toddle. 
 TOTTLE, w. ~\ 
 
 TOTT, n. i to walk, drawn, or reaching off 
 TOTTY, j by gravity from a plum-line. 
 Totter, J 
 TIDDLE, w. to draw on, entice, to pet or train 
 
 a young animal. 
 
 TED, w. to spread out swath-grass. 
 Tide, (see M. stems). 
 Tides, times of high-water. 
 Tidy, doing things at their times. 
 
 TlDER, "j 
 
 TIDDER, > n. sooner. 
 
 TITTER, J 
 
 TAT, n. to draw together, to mat, entangle. 
 
 TUTTY, w. a drawing out or culling of flowers, 
 
 a nosegay. 
 
 TATHE, e. cow-dung, what is drawn off. 
 Tooth, 
 
 m ^ what reaches out. 
 
 TUNTH, o. 
 
 TOD, e. to tooth sickles. 
 
 TOOTHY, n. soon drawn out, peevish, crabbed. 
 
 TUWT, Fr. mouth. 
 
 " In graef s-tuwt, helje," Fr. (Ps. ix).
 
 T*NG. 241 
 
 TOUTE, n. the sound of a trumpet. 
 
 TOOTY, w. to cry with loud short sounds. 
 
 Tout, n. to draw on, invite. 
 
 TUTTEK, e. an outdrawn business. 
 
 Tattle. 
 
 TUTSUB, w. a hassock. 
 
 TUT, w. a drawing together, contract. 
 
 TuT-work, contract-work. 
 
 m \ what reaches out, a nipple. 
 
 TITTY, TETTY, w.j 
 
 Titter, 1 
 Tetter,/ 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Tines (teeth) of a harrow, &c. what reach out. 
 
 Tan, to draw or handle hides. 
 
 Tawny, of a tan colour. 
 
 Taunt, to teaze, pull. 
 
 TANTEK, n. to taunt, quarrel. 
 
 Tantrum, a taunting, quarrelling. 
 
 TANTLE, to draw out work, be slow, idle. 
 
 TANTREL, n. an idle fellow. 
 
 T*N, to draw up or out, kindle. 
 
 TANE, TANDE, Fr. to kindle, glow. 
 
 TINE, w.' 
 
 f to kindle. 
 TEEN, n. 
 
 Tinder. 
 
 TINE an egg, e. to cook it. 
 TEEN, e. to kindle with anger, vex. 
 B
 
 242 T*NG. 
 
 TEEN, angry, fretful. 
 
 TEETHY,' n. 
 T*N, to draw round, or up, inclose. 
 TINE, n. to shut a door, inclose land. 
 TINE, w. (a gap), to close it up. 
 
 TINTH, w. ~\ , f . . , , 
 
 -, > wood for tmmg hedge-gaps. 
 
 TINNET, w.) 
 
 TUN, o. a fenced yard, or homestead, or garden. 
 
 " For myn blomme tuwn," Fr. 
 (( For my flower-garden," thence 
 
 TOON, n. 
 
 TOWN-PLACE, w. farm-yard. 
 
 Town. 
 
 TUN-MERE, the manor or parish boundary. 
 
 Tent. 
 
 TAENJE, Fr. to darken. 
 
 Tunnel, what draws round. 
 
 Ton,] , . . , . 
 
 rp > a drawing, or weight. 
 
 Tune, "I 
 
 TI'EN, Fr. I a drawing, strain. 
 
 TUEN, W. J 
 
 TUN, w. what reaches out, the projecting part 
 
 of the chimney. 
 Ten, o. what reach out, the toes, the number of 
 
 the toes. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 Toll, to draw on.
 
 T*NG. 243 
 
 f out-drawn, slender, weakly. 
 IG, JFV.J J 
 
 TEWLY, 
 
 TJAWLIG, 
 
 TEIL, what is tough, or will bear pulling, the 
 
 linden. 
 
 Tool, what is pulled about or handled. 
 Till the land, to pull or handle it. 
 Toil, a pulling or handling. 
 TILL up, w. to reach or set up. 
 TILLE, Fr. 
 
 " Hy schil nea holle op-tille," Fr. 
 " He shall no head up-raise." 
 
 " Thilde him op," Fr. (Matt, iv.) 
 " Set him up." 
 
 To tile a trap. 
 
 Tilt, what reaches up. 
 
 TILTY, w. soon made angry. 
 
 Tiller, what draws up, a young tree, a young 
 
 shoot of wheat. 
 
 Tiller, what pulls, a rudder-bar. 
 Tell, "1 first, to reach or point out, then, to reckon 
 Talk,/ or tell by tongue or finger. 
 Tall, drawn up or out, long. 
 TALLET, w. ? what is set up, a hay-loft. 
 
 E. Stems. 
 
 Turf, what draws or grows up, (see Tiller). 
 TORE, w. s. long old grass. 
 Tire, to draw out, exhaust.
 
 244 TR*NG. 
 
 TEERY, s. faint, weak. 
 Tor, what reaches up ? 
 Tear, to draw, pull. 
 Tatter, a tearing. 
 TIRL, n. to pull, draw ? 
 TERVY, w. to pull or struggle. 
 TER, n. anger, passion. 
 
 Tart, 1 .. , 
 
 m . }> tight drawing. 
 
 TEART, w.j 
 
 Tire, what draws out, a rank, row. 
 Tire, (of a wheel), what is drawn round. 
 TOORS, w. what reach out, the toes. 
 
 TO put or make up for the doing or bearing 
 of something. 
 To put up firm, or right. 
 To put up on. 
 To put in motion. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Trinket, what is made up. 
 
 NCH. 
 
 TRUNCH, <?.! _ . 
 
 m , > a iirm stair. 
 lruncheon,J 
 
 Trig, to put up firm.
 
 TR*NG. 245 
 
 Trigger. 
 
 TRUG, s. a milk-tray put up on legs. 
 
 K. 
 
 Trick, a putting up, contrivance. 
 
 TROKE, w.~l 
 
 Truck. J 
 
 Trucks, wheels to set things up or onward. 
 
 Truckle, "| 
 
 TRITTLE, e. > to run, roll. 
 
 Trickle, 
 
 Track. 
 
 Stub roots. 
 
 TREWETS, s. pattens to set one up on. 
 
 Tray, to set things up on. 
 
 Try, to put on, in action. 
 
 Trow, to put up firm. 
 
 True, firm. 
 
 Troth, I 
 
 Truth, what is put up firm. 
 
 Tree, j 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 
 Trust,! ... 
 m , f what is up firm. 
 Tryst,J 
 
 Trest, "\ 
 
 TRESS, n. > what is put up (as a bearing). 
 
 Trestle,
 
 246 TR*NG. 
 
 8. Stems. 
 Truss, what is put up, or keeps up, tight. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 Trash, what is put or made up. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 TRE-MA, o. what is put up firm. 
 Trim (the boat), set it upright, firm. 
 Trim, firm, or right. 
 Tram, what is put up on wheels. 
 Trump, a card put up as a standard. 
 Trammel ? 
 
 B. St 
 
 ems. 
 
 Trap, what is set up, a snare. 
 TRIP, w. a kind of bridge or culvert over a 
 ditch. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 TRANTY, n. put up or on, wise and forward 
 
 beyond years. 
 
 TRONES, n. a weighing-machine. 
 Trend, to go up or around. 
 TRENDLE, w. a circular shallow tub. 
 TRULL, s. } 
 
 Trundle, I to roll, &c. 
 TROLL,
 
 TR*NG. 247 
 
 TRINDLE, n. the felloes or rim of a wheel. 
 TRUNNEL, n. a wheel. 
 Trunnions, of a cannon. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 TROLLIBAG, s. n. tripe. 
 TROLLY, w. a wheeled dray. 
 TURL, n.' 
 
 m f to turn over. 
 
 TIRL, n. 
 
 TIRLINS, n. pebbles. 
 
 Trill. 
 
 Turn. 
 
 From TR*NG are formed a set of stems of the 
 sundry shapes for putting a firm or heavy foot 
 on the ground.. 
 
 TRIG, e~ 
 
 r~ , f to trip, trot gently. 
 Trudge,] 
 
 TRASH, n. to tramp about. 
 
 Tramp. 
 
 Trample. 
 
 Truant, one who tramps idly. 
 
 Trip. 
 
 Trot. 
 
 Trub, 
 
 m!! - a dirty tramping woman. 
 Trollops, ' 
 
 Trapes, 
 Tread.
 
 248 TH*NG. 
 
 TKANT, w. to carry goods for pay. 
 
 Trade? 
 
 Traffic? 
 
 Track. 
 
 TH*NG. 
 
 TO put thing to or against thing. 
 To be close together. 
 
 NG. 
 
 Thing, to come together, meet. 
 Stor-ting, the great meeting, the Norwegian 
 Parliament. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Think, to put thing to thing, or idea to idea, in 
 
 the mind. 
 Thank, to bethink oneself. 
 
 K. 
 
 THICKTE, Fr.~\ close of substance, as thing put 
 Thick, J to thing. 
 
 THIGHT, e. close, thick, as turnips in ground, 
 
 as staves of a barrel. 
 THODDEN, n. close, as bread. 
 Thatch, 1 what is thick, or what is put on a 
 THEK, Fr.J house. 
 THOKISH, e. thick, heavy. 
 Thigh, the thick or bearing bone.
 
 TH*NG. 249 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Thistle, (see Thorn). 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 THEA-MA, ] . . . 
 
 I what is put against other things, 
 
 7l m 
 
 .^ m i / 
 
 THUMB, J ^s the fingers. 
 Thimble, put against the needle. 
 THUMP, e. a close hard cheese. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 THIBBLE, n. } . . . . . , 
 
 , I what antagonises, or is thick, a 
 
 -LlIEAVLE, Jl, f . i . i 
 
 THIVLB,. J P mdge stick 
 
 Thief, (see N stems). 
 THAFT, n. cross-bench of a boat. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 THEAT, n. close, firm, staunch, not leaky. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 Thin, close in width. 
 THONE, n. close, damp. 
 
 Thane, 1 a man put to another, as a fellow 
 
 THEGN, o.j or helper. 
 
 THEOF, o. a man put to another, in slavery for 
 
 crime ? Thence 
 Thief. 
 TH*L, to bear, to be against a thing, as with- 
 
 standing or bearing.
 
 250 THW*NG. 
 
 THOLE, n. to bear, as affliction. 
 
 Thowels, f P i , 1 the bearings of the 
 rr, . < of a boat, } 
 
 THOLE-pms, [ J oars. 
 
 THILL, w. the shafts of a waggon borne by 
 
 the 
 THILLER, the bearing horse. 
 
 E. Stems. 
 
 Thorn, 1 what antagonises or has prickles set 
 Thistle,/ against all oncomers, (see Thumb}. 
 THAEF, n. thick, close, as bread. 
 THAK-CAKE, n. close unleavened cake. 
 THARRY, e. close-sighted, dark. 
 
 THW*NG. 
 
 TW*NG. 
 1. 
 
 10 force, compel, drive, cut. 
 
 2. 
 
 To drive sundry ways, twist, twine. 
 
 THWINGE, Fr. 
 
 " Mit frija wille, sonder twang," Fr. 
 " With free-will, without compulsion."
 
 THW*NG. 251 
 
 TWANG, n. "1 
 
 TWANK, n. > to pull. 
 
 THWANG, n.} 
 
 THWANG, a large slice of bread and cheese. 
 
 , J ] a slice of leather. 
 THWANG, o.j 
 
 NK. 
 
 Twinkle, to strike little strokes. 
 
 NGE. 
 
 Twinge, a smart stroke. 
 
 G. 
 Twig, to give a small stroke of reproof, or 
 
 thought. 
 Twig, what twists out. 
 
 K. 
 
 Thwack, a heavy stroke. 
 Two, a pulling asunder. 
 Twin, 
 
 f two asunder. 
 TWINDLE, n. J 
 
 TWEAG,! compulsion of sundry circumstances, 
 Tweak, / perplexity. 
 
 ' , ' I a sharp stroke. 
 Twitch,] 
 
 s. Stems. 
 Twizzle, to twist or pull a thing about in the 
 
 fingers. 
 Tweezers, twisters or pullers of hair, &c.
 
 252 THW*NG. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Twist. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 Twiddle, "1 to twist and twine or pull about 
 Twaddle,/ slightly. 
 
 Twitter, a state of little twitchings and pullings. 
 Be-twattle, to twitch or pull sundry ways. 
 TWITTY, e. twisted, cross, crabbed. 
 THWITE, n. to cut. 
 
 THWAITE, n. a ground cleared of wood. 
 THWITTLE, n. a wooden-haffced knife. 
 WHITTLE, a knife. 
 Whittle, to cut with a knife. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Twine, to twist. 
 
 TWINT, n. twisting and pulling, fretful. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Twill, what twists and twines. 
 
 Twill, a reel to wind yarn on, a kind of linen. 
 
 TWILL, n. a quilt. 
 
 TWILTEE, n. to spin thread unevenly. 
 
 TWILY, w. twisting and pulling, restless. 
 
 Toil. 
 
 E. Stems. 
 Twirl. 
 
 TWIEE, w. to look atwist, wistfully. 
 Athwart, atwist, across.
 
 253 
 
 THR*NG. 
 
 1. 
 
 r| 10 thrust or squeeze up. 
 
 2. 
 
 To thrust or squeeze by a twisting pressure. 
 
 3. 
 To be or become close of substance, to thrive. 
 
 THR*W, to wind, twist, writhe. 
 
 Throw silk, to wind it. 
 
 Silk-throwster, a silk-winder. 
 
 Throw, to cast with a twist of the body. 
 
 Thread, what is wound or twisted. 
 
 THRAW-MA, what winds or twists, thrums or 
 
 threads. 
 
 THRUMS, w?.1 of ivy, the winding stems of it 
 DRUMS, w. J round a tree. 
 THARMS, n. intestines, or cord made of them. 
 To thrum, a stringed instrument. 
 
 THROW, n.] , . 
 !> a lathe. 
 
 THRAW, n.j 
 
 THRAW, n. to writhe, twist, as from 
 
 Throes of pain. 
 
 THREAP, n.~l to twist facts or truth in stout ar- 
 
 THRAW, J gument. 
 
 THRUT, a stone's throw.
 
 254 THR*NG. 
 
 THRING, n. ~\ , 
 
 T^ > thrust, squeeze. 
 
 DRUNGE, w. J 
 
 Throng, ] 
 
 rn > a press. 
 
 THRANG, w.J r 
 
 DRONG, w?.l a close way between walls or 
 
 DRANG, w.j hedges. 
 
 THRONG, n. "I 
 
 THRUNG, n. > pressed by business or work. 
 
 THRUNK, n.] 
 
 NK. 
 
 THRUNK-wife, a busy-body. 
 
 TCH. 
 
 THRUTCHINGS, n. last-pressed whey. 
 THRUTCH, n. thrust. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 Thrust. 
 
 Throstle,] ,.,,, ,, 
 
 -,, , * > little throat. 
 
 Thrush, J 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 Thrash, to squeeze, beat. 
 
 Threshold, what is threshed or beaten. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 THRUMBLE, n.l . 
 
 m > to squeeze, handle awkwardly. 
 
 THRUMPLE, n.J 
 
 B. Stems. 
 Throb, "I 
 
 Drub, V to press, beat. 
 THRIP, n. ]
 
 THR*NG. 255 
 
 THROPPLE, n. the windpipe, throat. 
 Thrive, to become close of substance or fat. 
 Thrift, s. the sea-pink, the thick plant ? 
 THRAVE, n. a close lot of wheat, twenty-four 
 
 sheaves, two shocks of corn. 
 THRAVE, w. to throng. 
 THARE, n. close or heavy, unleavened bread. 
 TnAR-cake, unleavened cake. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 Throat, what is compressed. 
 
 rr, ' I to thrust back by words. 
 THREAP,/ 
 
 THRODDEN, n. ~\ 
 
 THRODDLE, n. I ,, , , ,, . . 
 
 ,~ V fat, close set, thriving. 
 
 THRODDY, n. 
 
 THRUNTY, n. J 
 
 Through, "1 , , 
 
 m 3 T -, } by a close way. 
 
 TROG, Fr.j J 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Thrall, 1 . m . .. 
 
 , > oppression, affliction. 
 
 THRAWLDOM, n.j rr 
 
 THIRL, w. compressed, thin. 
 n. a piercing, a hole. 
 
 Thrill,! + . , 
 -P. . > to pierce, bore. 
 Drill, J 
 
 Nostrils, , , 
 
 AT ' . } nose-holes. 
 
 Nose-thrms,J
 
 T 
 
 256 
 
 S*NG. 
 
 1. 
 
 O flow or be as a liquid or fluid, especially 
 water or air. 
 
 2. 
 
 To make a sound of which the flowing of aflui( 
 is the cause, as to sing, or a sound of whicl 
 such an one is the type. 
 
 3. 
 
 Since water or such a fluid is at every op 
 portunity sinking down by gravity, anothe 
 branch of the root means to sink or cast down. 
 
 4. 
 
 Water is very easily sundered and is trans 
 parent, and another branch of the root means t 
 offsunder, in substance or by thought. 
 
 Sink. 
 
 Zoo, 1 
 
 r, - wet land, bos. 
 
 ZOGGY, M7.J 
 
 SO'CHEN, Fr.~\ 
 Suck. /
 
 S*NG. 257 
 
 SOGH, jFr.l ,, , , 
 
 > the one sucked ? 
 
 oow, J 
 
 SEUGH, n. a wet ditch. 
 SACHE, n.~\ "i 
 
 Saw, J , 
 
 . , , > what sunders. 
 
 Sickle, 
 
 Seax, o. a knife, J 
 
 SEG, TZ."] 1,1 -, 
 
 c, , } what hangs down. 
 
 Sedge, J 
 
 Sight, a flowing, (abundantia), a great lot. 
 o ("to sink or bend down, as a rope hung 
 
 < loosely by the ends, or an yielding 
 
 oEG. n. I i 
 
 [_ beam. 
 
 SIGH, w. to sink, fall. 
 SEG, n. to sink in walking. 
 SEG-KITE, n. swing-belly. 
 
 ~rr 
 
 Seek, to hang or lean towards. 
 Sick, sinking. 
 SIKE, n. to ooze. 
 
 SIKLE, w.l ,, 
 
 J- to now small. 
 
 SILE, J 
 
 SIKE, ^>. TZ. a water-hole. 
 Soak. 
 
 / , > what sinks or hangs deep ? 
 Satchel,] 
 
 Stub roots. 
 SEW, to drain.
 
 258 S*NG. 
 
 A-SEW, drained, as a milkless cow. 
 
 Sewer. 
 
 Sewage. 
 
 Sow, to cast down seed. 
 
 SOWINGS, n. soakings, oatmeal flummery. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 SEO-MA, what sinks, what is sown. 
 Seam, a sowing of corn ? eight bushels. 
 SOAM, n. a (loose) rope. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 
 (About fluids). 
 Suss, Fr.l 
 Cesspool. J 
 SOUCE, a pickle for pork. 
 
 SOUSE,"} . ,, f . , , , 
 
 o > a pickle of pigs feet and ears. 
 
 Suss, e. s. a mess, such as hogs' wash. 
 Soss, s. w. to pour out liquor. 
 SOSS-BR ANGLE, s. a dirty slattern. 
 Soss, e. a jumble or mixed mess of food. 
 
 n. a mucky pool. 
 
 SOZZLE, to mingle, make a mess. 
 
 Sauce. 
 
 Soss, n. to lap. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 To sunder off in act or thought, to share, to 
 mark off.
 
 S*NG. 259 
 
 Some, a share. 
 
 SOME-SODDEN, s.'} 
 
 > partly sodden. 
 SAME-SODDEN, s.) * 
 
 See, to sunder off, distinguish. 
 Seem, to be marked off, be clear. 
 Summer? the clear season. 
 
 SIMEY, n. I , . , , , 
 
 a man, soft-minded, or unclear 
 bimon, }- . , , 
 . minded. 
 
 Simpleton, J 
 
 SUMP, n. bog, swamp. 
 Simmer, to seethe slowly. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 SIPE, n. to ooze or drain slowly. 
 
 Sop. 
 
 SIPPETS, s. little sops. 
 
 SAPY, e. pale, sickly, soft. 
 
 Sap. 
 
 SOFT, n. wet. 
 
 Soft, like a fluid to the touch. 
 
 SOUPY, n. wet, spungy. 
 
 SOUPINGS, w.l , . , f 
 
 } any kind 01 spoon-meat. 
 SUPPINGS, n.) 
 
 Sip. 
 Supper. 
 
 From S*NG to sunder off. 
 
 SIB, kindred,! , -, . r 
 
 an ofrsundermg, as from a 
 Son ? ? , 
 
 c . . stock, 
 
 bister ?
 
 260 S*NG. 
 
 " Allyk sib dan dij broder," Fr. 
 " The like kindred as the brother." 
 
 Gossip, Good sib, good kinswoman or friend. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 SAD, n. down-weighing, heavy, as bread. 
 Sad, down in mind. 
 Side, what reaches down. 
 SIDY, s. surly, low mooded. 
 Soot, what sinks down. 
 
 SUDDLE, W.I 
 
 r, > tO SOll. 
 
 SUTTLE, n.J 
 
 Sit, sink down. 
 
 Saddle, 
 
 Settle, 
 
 SONNA-SEDEL, o. sun-down. 
 
 Seed, what sinks or is cast down. 
 
 Seethe, to soak under water. 
 
 SOTTER, n. to simmer. 
 
 Sod. 
 
 Suds. 
 
 Sot. 
 
 Sean, what is sunk, a net. 
 
 SINE, n. to drain out. 
 
 SIND, n. to wash, rinse. 
 
 SONN, n. to off-mark things in the mind, to 
 
 ponder. 
 Sin, what is off-marked, or sundered by the 
 
 law.
 
 S*NG. 261 
 
 Sun, what is clear, or off-marks one thing from 
 
 another, (see Moo-n). 
 South, the sunth, the sun-side. 
 SOUTHERLUK, n. swarthy. 
 Sand, what is sundered. 
 Sunder. 
 
 Sound, a sundering of two shores. 
 Sand-blind, blind to things sundered from one, 
 
 or blind to the off-marking of things. 
 Send. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 S*L, to hang, bend. 
 
 SAEL, o. a rope. 
 
 SEAL, n. to tie cattle in the stall. 
 
 SOLE, w. a band to tie cattle. 
 
 > a stake to tie hurdles to. 
 SOWEL, w.j 
 
 Sallow, a withy. 
 
 Soul, the off-sundering or distinguishing man. 
 SEAL, e. small share of time, opportunity. 
 SELT, m. " It is a selt whether," &c. 
 SiLE-down, n. to fall to the bottom of water, 
 
 to flow down with rain or a stream, as 
 
 mud. 
 SIL, 
 
 ,- a water-run. 
 
 bELE, n. 
 
 SILE, n. a sieve, what siles. 
 s. filth, that sinks.
 
 262 S*NG. 
 
 Silt, silth, sand or mud dropped by a flood. 
 
 SILE, n. to sit down, to faint. 
 
 Soil, what is down or sinks. 
 
 To SOIL milk, n. to strain or cleanse it. 
 
 SOULING, n. bathing, ducking. 
 
 SULL, n. w. what sinks, a plough. 
 
 SULLAGE, s. filth, what siles. 
 
 SULSH, W.~\ 
 
 c, n > tO SOU. 
 
 Sully, J 
 
 Window-sill, its bottom. 
 
 Sell, primarily to put down to one. 
 
 SOOL, n. ~] , , , . 
 
 f a bread-soaking, or broth. 
 
 SOWL, n.) 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 S*E, o.l . 
 
 ^ > a sunk or flowing wound. 
 
 Sorrow, what pains the mind, as a wound the 
 
 body. 
 
 Sour, what pains the tongue, &c. 
 Sorrel. 
 
 S*NG. 
 
 The sound branch. 
 Sing. 
 
 SEGEN, o.~| 
 Say. / 
 
 SOCK, w. to sigh shortly. 
 SUGH, n. the noise of wind or water. 
 Sigh.
 
 SP*NG. 263 
 
 SIZZEN, n. to hiss. 
 
 Sob. 
 
 SITHE, w. to sigh. 
 
 Sound. 
 
 From Segen, to say, comes 
 
 S*K,1 
 
 c, , > what is said, a cause, or reason. 
 SakeJ 
 
 " Dyo aerste seek is," Fr. 
 
 " The first cause or reason is." 
 
 " For the sake of," for the cause of. 
 
 SACKLESS, n. blameless. 
 
 SP*NG 
 
 1. 
 
 TO strike or fly out or asunder, as a spark 
 of fire from beaten iron, or a chip from an 
 axe-stroke. 
 
 2. 
 To mark specks, as off-flying particles. 
 
 3. 
 
 Particles, sparks, or spots, as those hit or 
 flying off or asunder.
 
 264 SP*NG. 
 
 4. 
 
 To revolve so as to cast off particles by cen- 
 trifugal force. 
 
 NG. 
 
 SPANG, n. to leap. 
 
 SPANG-WHEW, n. to throw violently by a lever. 
 SPANG, n. a spring. 
 Spangle. 
 
 SPENGED, n. pied, spotted, as cattle. 
 SPONG, e. a narrow strip of inclosed land. 
 SPONG-WATER, e. a narrow streamlet. 
 SPONG, s. to cobble, patch. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Spank, to strike out fast. 
 Spunk, aptness to spank. 
 SPINKED, n. spotted. 
 SPINK, n. a chaffinch ? 
 
 SPINK, n. ~\ , 
 
 } a spark. 
 SPUNK, n.) 
 
 G. 
 Spigot. 
 
 K. 
 
 SPACT, n. active-minded. 
 
 , ' } what strike out. 
 bpecks, n.j 
 
 Speck.
 
 SP*NG. 265 
 
 Speckled.l 
 SPICETY./ 
 Spike, what strikes out. 
 
 Stub roots. 
 
 Spy, to strike out the sight. 
 Spew, to strike out fluid, &c. 
 
 s. Steins. 
 SPICE, w. a slight stroke of disease. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 SPEO-MA/I , , ., .. . 
 
 ~ > what strikes on swiftly, 
 
 bpoom, J 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 SPAUT, n. ~\ . . 
 
 > offspring;, a youth. 
 SPOWT, n.j 
 
 SPAT, Fr. to scatter. 
 
 SPEAT, n. a heavy down-casting of rain. 
 
 Spit. 
 
 Spite. 
 
 SPITTLE, w. spiteful. 
 
 Spittle. 
 
 SPOAT, n. 
 
 Sputter, n. to talk with out-flingings of saliva. 
 
 Spatter. 
 
 Spot. 
 
 SPOTTLE, w. to splash. 
 
 SPAT, n. the spawn of oysters.
 
 266 SP*NG. 
 
 Spout. 
 
 Speed, a quick onstriking or outstriking. 
 
 SPADE,! , . 
 
 > what is struck out. 
 
 SPUD, J 
 
 SPUDDLE, 1 ., ... 
 
 /to strike out as with a spade. 
 
 SPITTLE, w.J 
 
 SPITTER, w. a small spade for weeds. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Span, a striking out of the hand. 
 
 SPANCEL, n. a cow-fetter. 
 
 SPEEN, e. a cow's teat, what strikes out. 
 
 SPANE, n. to wean. 
 
 Spawn, what is cast out. 
 
 Spend, to cast forth. 
 
 Spin. (4). 
 
 Spindle, what spins. 
 
 Spider, what spins a web. 
 
 SPON, o. what is struck off, a chip. Thence 
 
 Spoon. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 SPAWL, w. 1 
 
 SPALE, n. w. > what is hit off, a splinter, a chip. 
 
 SPEAL, n. J 
 
 Spalt,] , v, /v. 
 
 Spelt,) to ^ offi 
 
 SPELK, a little splinter. 
 
 SPILL, Fr. s. a long splinter or stick, a stalk.
 
 SP*NG. 267 
 
 SPELK, to run to spill, or stalk. 
 SPILE, e. an iron-shod wedge of wood for split- 
 ting off pieces of rock. 
 Spile, of a cask. 
 
 ' ' > split or cracked, (as timber). 
 SPOLT, s.j v 
 
 BESPELL, n. bewitched. 
 
 SPELL, a turn or stretch of time. 
 
 SPEL, n. freedom to go off. 
 
 Spill. 
 
 TIDD-SPULEN, Fr. time lost. 
 
 SPEEL, n. to climb with outstruck limbs. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 Spar, 
 
 Spur, 
 
 Spur, (of timber), c . , 
 
 o in length. 
 
 Spire, 
 
 Spar, to dispute. 
 
 SPAR, n. to fasten the door. 
 
 Spart, n. a dwarf rush. 
 
 SPEAR, w. a young shoot. 
 
 SPIRE, n. a young tree. 
 
 SPIRR, Fr. a sprout. 
 
 SPEER, n. to ask. 
 
 SPERE, n. a screen, opening out ? 
 
 Spark. 
 
 Spare ? 
 
 what strikes forth or out
 
 268 SPL*NG. 
 
 SPUR, w. an outstretch of time. 
 
 Sport. 
 
 SPERKEN, e.~\ 
 
 SPERKET, e. > a hat or coat pin. 
 
 SPURGET, J 
 
 SPURK, to spring out into action. 
 
 SPURLING, n. a wheel-rut. 
 
 T 
 
 SPL*NG. 
 
 spring or strike off. 
 A kind of intensitive of PL*NG. 
 
 NGE. 
 SPLUNGE, to plunge off. 
 
 TCH. 
 SPLOTCH, w. a spot of fluid struck off. 
 
 Stub root. 
 Splay, to spring out wide, as from a point. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 Splice ? 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 Splash, to strike out fluid. 
 SPLAVIN, w. a splotch.
 
 SPR*NG. 269 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 Split, to spring asunder. 
 Splutter, to spring or strike about. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 SPLORE, n. a springing about, frolic, riot. 
 
 SPR*NG. 
 
 1. 
 QPBING off, or up. 
 
 2. 
 
 To sprinkle with what springs off. 
 
 NG. 
 
 Spring. 
 
 SPRINGS, e. new-sprung thorns for hedges 
 SPRINGER, e. an upspringing youth. 
 Spring, to spring open, crack. 
 
 SPRONG, s.~\ . f 
 
 > the stump 01 a tree. 
 SPRONK, s.j
 
 270 SPR*NG. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Sprinkle. 
 
 SPRINK, e. a crack, flaw. 
 
 NGE. 
 SPRINGE, e. to sprinkle over. 
 
 SPRAG, "1 
 
 Sprack, w. > springy of limbs. 
 
 Spry, J 
 
 Sprig, what has sprung out. 
 
 SPRAG, n. a young salmon. 
 
 K. 
 SPRACKLE, n. to climb with springs ? 
 
 Stub stems. 
 P a 7> I off. 
 
 SPRY,J 
 
 PRYj I to spring open, crack, (as the 
 
 SPREEZE, w. \ ^* l 
 
 SPREETHE, J 
 
 Sprout, what has sprung. 
 
 Sprat? 
 
 SPRAID, e. to sprinkle. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 Sprain, to spring too much.
 
 SK*NG. 271 
 
 Sprent, besprinkled. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 SPROIL, w. spriness. 
 
 T 
 
 SK*NG. 
 1. 
 
 \0 shoot or shake out or off in substance or 
 motion. 
 
 2. 
 
 To strike off or asunder by act or thought. 
 
 3. 
 A sundering, off-shooting, scale-like slice. 
 
 SCOAGJEN, Fr. to see, distinguish. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Shanks, 1 ,, , 
 
 > the legs. 
 SCONKEN, Fr.} 
 
 SHANK, n. the outshooting spur of a hill, or 
 
 steart of a knife-blade. 
 SKINK, e. to pour out drink. 
 
 -G. 
 
 SKAGGE, Fr. what strikes out, a promontory or 
 
 shore. 
 SCAG, w. to strike a slent in clothes or flesh.
 
 272 S K*N G. 
 
 SHAG, n. a division or slice, as of bread. 
 
 SKEIG, n. (see Scorn). 
 
 SCOG, w. to strike out in boasting, (jacto). 
 
 SHOG,"} 
 
 SHUG-TROT, a jog-trot. 
 
 SHOCKLE, s. M?."] , , , .. . . 
 Q S to shake by little jogs. 
 
 OHOGGLE, 71, 
 
 Shag, what shakes by strokes of motion or air. 
 Shaggy,having shag, of hair, threads, &c. ragged. 
 SKEG, n. the outshooting stump of a branch. 
 SCAGGLE, n. striking off, or shying as a horse. 
 SCOGGER, e. (from " scanc," the leg), the leg of 
 an old stocking for leggings. 
 
 SHIGGED, n. 1 , , . , , 
 
 c I shagged or ragged, miserably 
 
 feHIGGERED, / 
 
 JIGGERED, J 
 
 DGE. 
 SCODGE, Fr. to shake off, as dust from the feet. 
 
 K. 
 
 Shake. 
 
 SHACKING, n. an ague. 
 
 Shackles. 
 
 Shock. 
 
 SHACK, n. to shake out or off, as corn at harvest, 
 
 or ripe acorns. 
 SHACKT, shaggy, ragged.
 
 SK*NG. 273 
 
 SCOCKER, e. a shake or rift, from a sudden 
 force, in a tree. 
 
 TCH. 
 
 SCUTCH, n. to whip, strike off a job at a blow. 
 SCUCH-GRASS, w. outshooting on all sides, 
 
 couch-grass. 
 Sketch, a striking out. 
 SKIZZLE, e. a marble to be shot. 
 
 Stub stems. 
 
 SKEW, n. a down-shaking of rain, drizzle. 
 SKEW, e. to shoot aside, shy violently. 
 Shy, shooting aside. 
 SHOO, w. to scare fowls. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 SKICE, w. to frisk, strike about. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 SKEAG-MA. 
 
 SCAUM, n.~j ., , Q , 
 
 > to strike mud, &c. bespatter. 
 SCAM, n. J 
 
 SKIME, n.l . , ., ,, . , . , 
 
 > to strike the eyes aside, squint. 
 SKEN, n. J 
 
 SKIMMER, w.T , , ,. ,, ,. 
 
 to shoot oft light, to shine a 
 SHIMMER, e. v ,.,,, ,. 
 
 little, glimmer. 
 SHIMPER, s. J 
 
 SHAM, n. to be shy, to blush. 
 T
 
 274 SK*NG. 
 
 SCEA-MA, 0.1 , , 
 
 > what makes one shy. 
 Shame, 
 
 SCIFTJE, JFV.1 
 
 SCEAF, J 
 
 B. Stems, 
 to sift, shake asunder. 
 
 SCAFE, n. a scafe youth, off-starting, wild. 
 SCUFFLE, e. s. a pinafore or coarse apron, what 
 
 off- shoots or off-keeps dirt. 
 Shave, to strike or cut off. 
 Sheaf, one cutting. 
 Scuffle, "I 
 
 SCAFFLE, I to keep striking off. 
 SHAFFLE, n. J 
 Shove. 
 
 Shuffle, to shoot about. 
 Shive, to strike off. 
 Shiver, to keep shaking. 
 Shaft, what shoots or is struck out. 
 Shift, a striking off from a place. 
 
 SHAFMAN, i ., f ., , ... 
 
 the measure of the fist with 
 SHAFMET, , , , . , 
 
 x the thumb set up, z. e. the 
 SHAFTMENT, ., . f ', , 
 
 outstriking of the thumb. 
 
 ACAEFTMUND, 0. J 
 
 Scab, what can be struck off. 
 
 SCOBES, n.\ , ., , , 
 
 f what strike out, thatch-spars. 
 
 SCOPES, n.J 
 
 ScUFPER-holes, for shooting off water. 
 Skip, to shoot or spring out.
 
 SK*NG. 275 
 
 SCOPE, n. what is struck out, a maltster's 
 
 shovel. 
 
 SCUPPET, <?. a lading-shovel. 
 SKIP, s. a barn-scoop. 
 
 e. a basket. 
 
 Scoop. 
 
 SHIPPEN, n. a rain-shooting place ? a cow-shed. 
 
 SKEP, e. a hive. 
 
 Ship, what shoots forward. 
 
 Shape, what is struck off or out ? 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 SCOD, Fr. to shake, strike about. 
 
 IBRD SCODDINGE, Fr. earthquake. 
 
 Shoot, to strike out. 
 
 SCUD, w. to spill. 
 
 Scatter. 
 
 SHATTER, n. w. 
 
 SCOOT, e. an outshooting or angle, as of a field 
 
 or hill. 
 SCOUT, n. what strikes out, a rock or hill-peak. 
 
 SCOTE, tt).] 
 
 SCUD, > to shoot along. 
 
 ScUDDLEjJ 
 
 SCOTE, w. to strike up the ground in slipping. 
 
 SCUTTER, n. to run about. 
 
 Skit, a shooting out. 
 
 Skittles. 
 
 Skate.
 
 276 SK*NG. 
 
 Scuttle. 
 Shuttle. 
 Shed. 
 
 Shudder, to shake. 
 Shut. 
 
 SCUD, SCAD, SCATT, w. a sudden down-shoot- 
 ing of rain. 
 SCADDLE, skittish. 
 SCATH, an off-striking, destruction. 
 Shade, what is cast out or off. 
 Scot and lot, (Fr. Matt. xii. 17). 
 SCOTTLE, w. to hackle, cut off. 
 
 1 an off-struck piece. 
 
 SCUDDICK, n. 
 Sheet, one cutting or piece. 
 Shide, a cutting or plank. 
 SHED, n. a difference. 
 
 n. to put asunder, to excel. 
 
 SHETH, n. a division of ploughed land. 
 SCATLOE, n. a shedding off, loss. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Shine, to shoot out light. 
 
 Show, to cast out, or forth. 
 
 SCOANCE, n. a lantern. 
 
 SHAWNTY, e. showy, flashy, as in dress. 
 
 SCON, n. to strike about, beat. 
 
 SHINE, n. 1 
 
 SHINNY, I a shooting about, uproar. 
 
 SHINDY, J
 
 IN, n.~] 
 
 > to throw, as a stone, &c. 
 ',*> j 
 
 SK*NG. 277 
 
 Scant, 1 ,. ., , ,, 
 
 7* > divided out, small. 
 
 SCANTH o'food, n. 
 SKINKLIN, n. a small share. 
 
 SCUNNER, ."] , . , 
 
 o, > to shy from, spring on. 
 
 SHANDY, e.~\ . . ,,, , 
 ~ > shooting on, wild, shy. 
 
 SCUN, 
 
 Shy, 
 
 SHUN, 6-. to push off, shove. 
 
 SHUNT, strike off or out. 
 
 SHENT, n. rebuked, struck back. 
 
 SHAMBLE, e. to drive away, disperse. 
 
 SQUINNY, w. to squint,! , . , . , 
 ... > to shoot on the sis^ht. 
 
 SKEN, to squint, J 
 
 Skew, skewer. 
 SKEW, e. to start aside. 
 SKIME, n. to squint. 
 A-skew, cast aslant. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 SCAIL, n. to strike loosely about as dung. 
 SHAIL, e. to shake or sway loosely about. 
 SKEYL, n. to cast up or off, overturn. 
 SKELLY, n. to squint. 
 SCALE, n. to cast away, waste. 
 SKELP, n. to shoot about, skip. 
 SKEL-MA, 0. what is cast away.
 
 278 SK*NG. 
 
 SKELLUM, n. a worthless fellow. 
 Scold, to scare by words. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 SK*L, a thin, scale-like off-shooting, or sunder- 
 
 ing. 
 
 SKEYL-BEAST, . the partition of a cattle-shed. 
 Scale, as of fish, or of balances. 
 SCALE, n. to strike about, spread over, 
 Scalp.\ 
 Skull./ 
 Shell. 
 
 SHILLIN, . shelled oats. 
 SHEEL, n. -\ 
 SHOHL, Fr. > a shed-roof. 
 SKILLING, w. n.J 
 
 SCALLAGE, } 
 
 SHEELY ? . a chaffinch. 
 
 Scall, scurf-scales on the head. 
 
 SHEAL,! milk, to sunder curd from whey, or 
 
 SCALL, J cream from milk. 
 
 SKIEL, w. a shallow vessel, beer-cooler. 
 
 SHALDER, w. a broad flat rush. 
 
 Scallion. 
 
 SCALD, to burn the surface, 
 
 SCELP, n. slap. 
 
 Shelf. 
 
 Scallops?
 
 SK*NG. 279 
 
 Skill, sundering or distinguishing might. 
 SCHELLINGE, Fr. division, dispute. 
 
 " Dyr schilling habbet on land," Fr. 
 
 " That have a dispute on land." 
 Shilling ? a division of a pound ? or a scale. 
 Scowl. 
 SKELLERED, n. bent, warped. 
 
 SHELD, n. J 8 P eckled > 
 
 E. Stems. 
 
 To strike or shoot asunder. 
 
 " Scear dy wei fen me," Fr. (Matt. iv. 10). 
 
 " Go away from me." 
 SCUOR, Fr. a rent in a coat. 
 
 off. 
 
 Shard. ' "I 
 
 SCARD, n. i- 
 
 SCAR, n. ] 
 
 SCAR, n. a cliff, split. 
 
 Score, a division, cutting. 
 
 SCARN, 1 , , . ,v. , 
 
 } what is cast on, dung. 
 SHAREN, n.) 
 
 Sharn-beetle. 
 
 SKEER, w. to mow tufts. 
 
 Sheers. 
 
 SKARE, n. shy, wild. 
 
 Scare.
 
 280 SK*NG. 
 
 SHIRE, n. to divide thick fluid from thin. 
 
 Shire, a division. 
 
 Shore, division of land and sea. 
 
 Shark? 
 
 Sharp, apt to sunder. 
 
 Shirt? 
 
 SCOWER,") , . , > 
 
 > what is struck oft, gravel. 
 SKEAR, / 
 
 SCEAR, n. to shoot about, slide. 
 Scour, to strike about or off. 
 
 SCOUR, s. M?.] , i f . 
 
 > to shoot on last. 
 
 SCUR, S. W. J 
 
 " Scurry ower the hills," n. 
 
 Hurry-scurry. 
 
 Skirmish, a fighting or sundering off. 
 Scorn, the feeling by which we sunder our- 
 selves from a thing. 
 SKEIGH, n. scornful, proud. 
 Scurf, what can be struck off. 
 SHARPS, n. coarse flour with some bran. 
 SCOR, w. thin, scaly soil. 
 Shirl, n. to slide, shoot out. 
 SK*NG, a scale-like covering or surface. 
 SCONKEN, Fr. a house-roof. 
 Sconce. 
 
 SCUG, n. a refuge, protection. 
 Shock, s. a pile of twelve sheaves. 
 SCIKKE, Fr. to set up or on.
 
 SKL*NG. 281 
 
 SHUCK, s. a husk or pod. 
 
 Shoe, "I 
 
 Handschue, Ger. a glove, > what covers. 
 
 Skin, J 
 
 Sky, the great covering. 
 
 SCEO-MA, o. "1 
 
 Scum, j- a covering. 
 
 SKUMMER, n. J 
 
 Skim, "I ., a , 
 
 }> to strike oft the covering. 
 
 SCAM, n.j 
 
 Sham, a false covering. 
 
 Sceameles, o. 1 
 
 Shambles, ? covered planks or benches ? 
 
 SKIMMELS, n. J 
 
 Scool, 
 
 01 , f of fish, 
 bhoal, 
 
 T 
 
 SKL*NG. 
 O be aslant or sidelong. 
 
 Sclafe, sidelong, shallow. 
 SKLEM, w. to steal slily. 
 SKLENT, n. aslant. 
 SKLOOT, n. to squint.
 
 282 
 
 SCE*NG. 
 
 Somewhat of an intensitive of 
 (CR*NG.) 
 
 1. 
 r~|~10 scringe or squeeze, or twist up or on. 
 
 2. 
 To scrape or cut scrapingly. 
 
 3. 
 
 To make sounds of which the type is a scrap- 
 ing or squeezing or twisting stroke. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Shrink. 
 
 SCKINK, to screw. 
 
 NGE. 
 
 SCEINGE, e. to shrink, shrivel, cringe. 
 SCROUNGE, n. to drunge. 
 
 SCRANGE, <?.") , 
 
 > a deep scratch. 
 SCEANCH, e.) 
 
 NCH. 
 
 Scrunch, s. 1 . , 
 
 c, > to crush. 
 
 SCRAN CH, n. w.j
 
 SCR*NG. 283 
 
 SCRANCH-MA, what can be crushed. 
 SCKANCHUM, n. thin brittle gingerbread. 
 
 SCEOGS, n. crooked-grown shrubs. 
 SCRAG, w. a twisted bough or limb. 
 
 SCROGGT, n. I . . . , 
 > twisted. 
 SCRAGGY, w.j 
 
 SCROG-LEGS, e. bandy-legs. 
 
 SCRAGGLE, e.~\ . .,, , 
 
 <2 > to writhe or struggle. 
 
 SHROGS, s. underwood. 
 Shrug, to squeeze up. 
 
 GE. 
 
 SCROUGE, 
 SCRUDGE, 
 
 3. 5. M\l , 
 
 > to squeeze, drunge. 
 
 CH. 
 
 Scratch. 
 
 Stub stems. 
 
 Screw, what squeezes twistingly. 
 
 SKROW, w.l ... . , , 
 
 > atwist in mind, surly. 
 Shrew, J 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 SCRIMP, n. to squeeze up. 
 Scram, twisted, writhing. 
 Shram, to twist up as with cold.
 
 284 SCR*NG. 
 
 SKRIMMAGE, w. a pulling writhingly, bustle, 
 confusion. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 Scrub. 
 
 Scrape. 
 
 Scrabble. 
 
 SCKAFFLE, n. to scramble. 
 
 SCRIVE, n. to scratch. 
 
 Shrivel, to twist or shrink up. 
 
 SCRAB, e. 
 
 SCRAP, e. 
 
 o }- to scratch. 
 
 ocrape, 
 
 SCRABBLE, . 
 
 SCKAWF, "I ,, 
 
 o > small scram wood. 
 
 SCROFF, Z0.J 
 
 Shrub. 
 
 SHRAVY, s. rough, gravelly, of land. 
 SHROVY, e. ragged. 
 BI*SCROBBE, Fr. to rebuke. 
 
 V. Stems. 
 
 SCREED, n. to twist off, tear. 
 SCRAT, n. to scratch. 
 Shroud, a twisted or wound garment. 
 SHRIDE, s. w. to shear off side-branches from a 
 tree.
 
 SL*NG. 285 
 
 SHROUD, s. w. wood or poles shorn off. 
 
 SCREED, w.~\ 
 
 Shred. / 
 
 SCREED, n. a border of cloth. 
 
 SCREEDLE, w. to crouch over embers, &c. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 SKRUNT, to screw. 
 
 SCRUNTY, n. squeezed up, stunted. 
 
 SCRANNY, n. thin, meagre. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 Scrawl. 
 
 Sound words. 
 
 Shriek. 
 
 Screech. 
 
 Scream. 
 
 SKIRL, n. to scream. 
 
 Shrill. 
 
 T 
 
 SL'NG. 
 
 be slack. 
 
 1. 
 
 Slack of substance or form, so as to be soft, 
 or bendsome, or loose.
 
 286 SL*NG. 
 
 2. 
 
 Slack of motion, so as to be slippery, or un 
 confined, or slow. 
 
 3. 
 Loose of motion, as to swing. 
 
 4. 
 To slacken or rive off. 
 
 NG. 
 
 SL*NG, to be slack. 
 
 SLINGE, Fr. to bend, be slack, twine. 
 
 Sling. 
 
 Slang, slack form of speech. 
 
 SLINGET, w. n. a narrow strip of ground. 
 
 NK. 
 
 > to go slack-limbed, bending. 
 SLINGE, n.) 
 
 NCH. 
 SLENCH, n. to hunt slinkingly. 
 
 Slug, what is soft or slow. 
 
 Sluggard. 
 
 SLAGG, dross of metal. 
 
 SLATGH."! 
 
 Sloe. J
 
 SL*NG. 287 
 
 Sledge, what slides loosely. 
 
 SLUDGE, loose mud. 
 
 SLEAGAN, o.l to strike with a slack swinging 
 
 Slay, j motion. 
 
 Sledge-hammer. 
 
 Slaughter. 
 
 Slight-of-hand. 
 
 ft 
 
 SLEAK, n. out, (the tongue), to hang it out 
 
 slackly in scorn. 
 SLAKE, e. leisure, slack time. 
 SLAKE, n. slack mud, &c. 
 
 Slake 1 
 
 as thirst, or lime, or fire, to 
 SLOCKEN, n. } , , . , . , 
 
 slacken its intensity. 
 SLECK, n. J 
 
 SLOCK, w. 
 
 SLOCKET, Berks.} tO 
 
 Slack. 
 
 SLACK, n. slack-minded, dull, without energy. 
 
 SLECK, n. small loose coal. 
 
 SLEGIE, n."] 
 
 Sleek, n. > soft, loose. 
 
 Slicken, n.) 
 
 SLICK, s. to comb hair, &c. 
 
 SLIKE, w.^\ ,. 
 
 V slippery. 
 
 SLICK, e. j 
 
 SLACK, n. a pool of slack water in a stream.
 
 288 SL*NG. 
 
 SLOCKSTER, w. to be slack and wasteful. 
 
 TCH. 
 
 SLATCH, w.~\ . , ,. 
 
 > to loosen, as lime in water. 
 
 SLEECH, n. J 
 
 SLOTCH, n. a greedy clown. 
 
 Slatch, the loose middle part of a rope. 
 
 Slouch, to walk loosely. 
 
 SLOUGH, to slacken or loosen off, as a wound, 
 
 or a snake loosening off its skin. 
 Sly. -, 
 
 SLEE, n. I 
 SLIGHTY, e. J 
 Slow. 
 
 s. 
 
 SLAISTER, n. to beat with loose swinging blows. 
 Sluce, what slackens a waterflow. 
 . SLEEZE, s. to slacken and come asunder, as 
 warp and woof. 
 
 SLAZY, e. ") ., , 
 
 > of loose open texture. 
 SLEAZY, e.j 
 
 SLIZE, w. to look slack-limbed, as an over-shy 
 child. 
 
 SK. 
 
 SLUSH, n. s. 1 
 SLOSH, n. s. > slack mud. 
 SLASH, n. s. J 
 
 M. Stems. 
 Slam, (a door), to shut it loose from the hand.
 
 SL*NG. 289 
 
 SLOOM, n. 1 , ,. ,. , 
 
 sleep, i. e. slackness of limbs and 
 
 SLEAM, n. } , l ' 
 
 Slumber, J -*' 
 
 SLIM, Fr. n. slack, sly. 
 SLAM-TRASH, a sloven. 
 
 SLOMMOCK, ~) , , ,. , 
 
 > a slack dirty woman. 
 
 SLAMMERKIN,J 
 
 SLUMP, n. to slip. 
 
 SLIME, what is slack or slippery. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 SLAPE, n. slippery. 
 
 Slope. 
 
 SLAB, n. slippery mud, &c. 
 
 SLABBY, s. with slack dirt. 
 
 SLAB, e. a mason's mortar-boy. 
 
 Slab, a sliver of timber. 
 
 SLAPPLE, s. a piece slived off. 
 
 Sleep, slackness of limbs and body. 
 
 SLEEPY, s. slack, decomposed, as a rotten apple. 
 
 SLOBBERER, n. a slack farmer. 
 
 SLAPPY-bread, slack-baked. 
 
 SLUB, Fr. what slips, mud. 
 
 SLAPP, Fr. to let loose. 
 
 Slap, a slack swinging blow. 
 
 SLOPPER, w. loose, not fixed. 
 
 SLOPPERY, n.\ , , ,. , 
 
 f a slack dirty woman. 
 SLOPPETY, TZ.J 
 
 u
 
 290 SL*NG. 
 
 SLOP, e. a loose outside garment. 
 
 e. loose-growing underwood. 
 
 Slip. 
 
 Slip-shod. 
 
 Slipper, a slack shoe. 
 
 SLEAVE, w.~\ to loosen asunder, as a branch 
 
 SLIVE, n. J split off. 
 
 SLIVER, w. n. a slice, to slice. 
 
 SLIVE, to dress or act slovenly. 
 
 SLIVEN, n.~\ 
 
 Sloven, > a slovenly or slack fellow. 
 
 SLEEF, Fr.} 
 
 SLEEVE ? 
 
 Slifter, a loosening off, a crack. 
 
 SLAVER, spittle. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 SLED, n. -j 
 
 SLADE, w. , c . 
 
 .. > a loose run for sheep. &c. 
 
 SLAIT, w. 
 
 SLEAT, Fr. J 
 
 " Mey mijn schiep to sleat," Fr. 
 " With my sheep to the lease." 
 
 SLOD, e. slush, to wade through slush. 
 Slide. 
 
 SLIDDER, n.~\ , , r ,. 
 
 S to keep sliding. 
 SLITHER, n.] 
 
 SLADDERY, n. slippery. 
 Sled, n. what slides, a sledge.
 
 SL*NG. 291 
 
 SLATE,"] . , . . 
 
 o f to let loose a dog at an animal. 
 
 SLODE, n. 
 
 f a wheel-track. 
 
 bLOT, U. j 
 
 SLEUTH, n.} . . 
 
 CT ^ > the scent-line of an animal, 
 
 blot, J 
 
 SLAT, n. to slacken off, to spill. 
 SLOTTER, w. to spill about. 
 
 Slut, I . . 
 
 01 , > a slack woman. 
 
 blattern,J 
 
 Sloth. 
 SLETE, Fr." 
 
 f to shut with a slack stroke. 
 
 bLOT, n. 
 
 Slit, a slackening asunder. 
 
 Sleet, what is cast loosely. 
 
 Slate, what is sliven off. 
 
 SLOTE, n. a flat step or bar of a ladder or gate. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Slender, weak, bending. 
 Slander, to speak loosely of one. 
 Slant, loosely, out of plum-line. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 SLOREN, Fr. "1 
 
 Slur, r to slip, slide. 
 
 SLIR, n. J 
 
 S LORRY, n. what slides, a blind- worm.
 
 292 SM*NG. 
 
 SLUE, " 
 
 SLURRY, ,. mud. 
 
 SLORE, n. slippery dirt. 
 SLAR, n. 
 
 , , , 
 c, to bedaub. 
 
 bLARE, n. 
 
 SLART, n. to soil. 
 
 SLORP, w. to make a noise as of something slip- 
 ping, in eating broth, &c. 
 
 SM*NG. 
 L 
 
 TO smite or cast, or to be as if smitten 
 smooth or plain. 
 
 2. 
 
 | 
 
 To smite into impalpable or smooth particles, 
 as meal, dust. 
 
 3. 
 
 To give a sense of smiting, in pain. 
 
 . 4. 
 
 To be smooth in action for concealment, or 
 in form as polished. 
 
 In some cases this root, SM*NG, is an inten- 
 sitive of M*NG. 
 
 NK. 
 
 SMTNKE, Fr. to smear, paint.
 
 SM*NG. 293 
 
 G. 
 
 SMUG, smooth, polished, fine. 
 
 Smuggle, to act smoothly as for concealment. 
 
 DGE. 
 
 SMUDGE,! black or coloured stuff cast on a 
 Smutch, J surface. 
 
 L -rr 
 
 Smoke, (2). 
 
 Smock, 1 , . . 
 
 1 a smooth or plain garment not 
 
 SMICK, e. \ . J , 6 
 
 cut into body-shape. 
 
 SMICKET <?. J 
 
 SMOCK-frock, a smooth or plain frock. 
 SMOCK-MILL, a windmill on a smooth or flat 
 
 foundation, not a post-mill. 
 Smack, a smooth blow. 
 
 TCH. 
 
 SMOTCH, e. ~\ 
 
 > to cast or spread a stain. 
 
 SMEECH, w.) 
 
 SMACK, ~| a strong taste, a sense of a pain- 
 SMATCH,] stroke. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 Smash, to smite to pieces. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 SMOPPLE, n. easily smitten, small, brittle.
 
 294 SM*NG. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 SMYTRIE, n. a smiting up small, a numerous 
 
 lot of small things. 
 Smother, to smite or cast down. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 SMEAD-MA, "1 what is smitten up small, dust, 
 SMEDDDM, n.] powder. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 SMITE, Fr. to cast as a net into the sea, cast 
 
 away. 
 
 SMITTEK, n. to beat to pieces. 
 SMITTLE, n. to smite in, infect. 
 Smith, one who smites. 
 Smithy. "I 
 Smiddy.J 
 
 ' > what is cast on a surface. 
 SMUT,J 
 
 Smatter, to cast about. 
 
 Smooth, smitten, plain. 
 
 SMEATH, e. an open, smooth, or level ground. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Smell, what is cast off from a body. 
 Smile, a smoothing of the countenance. 
 Small, as a particle of a smitten-up body. 
 SMOLT, s. smooth, polished.
 
 SN*NG. 295 
 
 From SM*NG, as intensitive of M*NG. 
 Smash, answering to mash. 
 Small, meal. 
 Smelt, melt. 
 Smoulder, moulder. 
 Smore, to") 
 
 abound, > more, mow. 
 
 swarm. J 
 
 E. Stems. 
 
 Smear. 
 
 SMOOE, w. 
 
 Smart, to give a sense of smiting in pain. 
 
 Smerk, to smile. 
 
 SN*N-G. 
 
 This root seems in many of its stems to be 
 an intensitive of N*NG. 
 
 1. 
 
 To cut or stop off. 
 
 2. 
 To twine. 
 
 G. 
 
 Snug, an angle, the type of which is a notch. 
 SNOG, n. a recess, well cut or shapen in dress, &c. 
 SNAG, w. what seems to cut the tongue, a small 
 sloe.
 
 296 SN*NG. 
 
 SNAG, "1 
 
 SN^EGEL, o. > what twines, or bends. 
 
 Snail, 
 
 SNIG, n. an eel. 
 
 SNAG, -j 
 
 SNECK, , , . 
 
 > a latcnstrinff. 
 
 SNICK, e. 
 
 SNECKET, re. J 
 
 G. 
 
 For SN*G, see N*G. 
 
 DGE. 
 
 SNUDGE, e. s. to walk down-stooping. 
 SNIDGE, e. to hang on one. 
 
 K. 
 
 SNOOK, n.l , 
 
 > to twine or sneak about. 
 SNOKE, n.j 
 
 SNICKLE, e. a slip-knot. 
 
 Sneak. 
 
 Snake. 
 
 Snack, a share. 
 
 TCH. 
 
 Snatch, to hook up. 
 SNAITCH, e. a thief in the candle. 
 SNASTE, n. the snuff of a candle. 
 SNEE, n. to swarm. 
 Snow. "1 
 
 SHIFT./
 
 SN*NG. 297 
 
 B. 
 
 S-NAPE, W.I , , , 
 
 }- to check, to nip. 
 S-NEAP, n.J 
 
 S-nap, to nab up. 
 S-nub.^ 
 
 S-NIB.J 
 
 Snob. 
 
 Snip. 
 
 SNIPS, s. shares. 
 
 SNIPPOCKS, small shares. 
 
 SNAFFLE, n. to pilfer. 
 
 SNOOVE, n. to sneak. 
 
 Snuff, (what is cut off), of a candle. 
 
 SNITHE, cutting keen, as wind. 
 
 SNOD, n. trimmed, smooth. 
 
 SNED, n. to lop. 
 
 SNEAD, 1 
 
 SNATHE, .J a scythe -handle. 
 
 SNATHE, W .l 8hroud< 
 
 SNAZE, J 
 
 SNAT, n. a cut snuff of a candle. 
 SNIDDLE, n. long grass or stubble. 
 
 SNOOD, n. ~\ ., , 
 }> a ribbon. 
 
 SNUDGE, w.J 
 
 L. 
 
 SNELL, n. keen, brisk.
 
 298 SN*NG. 
 
 R. 
 
 Snare. 
 
 SNARL, e. w. to twist, tangle. 
 
 SNARL, n. w. to snare hares. 
 
 Many of the stems of SN*NG, meaning some- 
 thing of the nose, seem to have been formed of 
 SN*NG in the sense of cut, and of the cuttings, 
 or slits, nostrils. 
 
 SNOATCH, w. to speak through the nostrils. 
 
 SNEW, n. to turn up the nose. 
 
 S-NUZZLE, w.1 to hide the nose in the bosom, 
 
 Nuzzle, J as shy children. 
 
 Sneeze, "| 
 
 NEESE, n.] 
 
 S-NOOZE, a sleeping. 
 
 Sniff. 
 
 Snuff. 
 
 Snivel. 
 
 Snuffle. ] 
 
 SNIVY. > 
 
 SNEABLE.J 
 
 Snipe, long nose. 
 
 Snaffle. 
 
 Snout. 
 
 Sneer, "j 
 
 SNIGGER, e. I to grin with nose-sounds. 
 
 Snicker,
 
 SW*NG. 299 
 
 SNEET, n. to laugh with an outbursting nose- 
 sound. 
 
 Snort. 
 
 Snore. 
 
 Snarl. 
 
 SNIEEELS, n. nostrils. 
 
 SNUEL, s. a cold in the head affecting the nose- 
 breathing. 
 
 SNIEL, n. a thing to hold a bull by the nose. 
 
 T 
 
 SW*NG. 
 
 1. 
 swing, or hang loose. 
 
 To act with a swinging weapon or arm. 
 
 3. 
 
 To swing or wind round. 
 
 4. 
 To go swiftly. 
 
 NG. 
 
 Swing. 
 
 Swang. 
 
 SWANG, n. a bog or quagmire. 
 
 SWINGLE, s. w. the loose bar of a flail.
 
 300 SW*NG. 
 
 Swingel, a flail-like weapon, &c. 
 SWINGLE-TREE, n. a splinter-bar. 
 Swingle, to dangle. 
 Swingle-flax, to beat it with a swingel ? 
 
 NK. 
 
 Swink, to toil, (with swinging arms). 
 
 SWANKY, n. a strong labourer. 
 
 SWANK, e. to swing down in the middle like a 
 
 rope. 
 
 SWANK, a sinking. 
 SWANKUM, w. to walk to and fro swinging one's 
 
 limbs. 
 SWANK, w. to swagger. 
 
 NGE. 
 
 Swinge, a swaying. 
 SWINGE, s. to flog. 
 
 G. 
 
 SWAG, s. to hang on one side. 
 
 Swagger, to swing the body. 
 
 Swiggle, to shake liquor to and fro in a vessel. 
 
 SWIDGE, of water, swabbed over ? 
 
 K. 
 
 SWAKE, e. the handle of a pump. 
 SWACK, e. to throw with a swing.
 
 SW*NG. 301 
 
 TCH. 
 
 Switch. 
 
 SWATCH, n. to swathe. 
 
 Stub stems. 
 
 Sweigh, to see-saw. 
 Sway. 1 
 SWEY, n. / 
 SWEE, n. giddiness. 
 
 SK. Stems. 
 
 Swash, of water, to swing. 
 SWASH, e. to swagger. 
 SWISH, s. to go swiftly. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 f to go with a swinging or hang- 
 SWEA-MA, o.l . B . ,.f 
 
 ~ . s ing motion like waves or 
 
 Swim, 
 
 water. 
 
 Swamp. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 SWOB, e. to run over, as water vibrating in a 
 
 vessel. 
 to wash. 
 
 SWOBBLE, e. to walk in a swaggering way. 
 
 SWEB, n. (see N. stems). 
 
 SWOPPLE, the swingel of a flail. 
 
 SWIPE, "1 the handle of a pump, the pole of 
 
 SWAPE, n. J a shadoof, or eastern pole-bucket.
 
 302 SW*NG. 
 
 SWUPPLE, n. the swing part of a flail. 
 Sweep, to strike with swinging motion. 
 SWAIP, n. to swagger. 
 
 Swap, to barter with goods from side to side. 
 SWAPE, a tool to spread or swing about 
 
 dung. 
 
 SWAPSON, w. a swaying slut. 
 Swoop, a down-swinging. 
 SWIPPER, to swing about quickly. 
 Swift. 
 Swivel. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 SWAT, to swing over liquor. 
 
 SWAT, n. ~) , . , , 
 
 *> to swing or cast down. 
 S WITHER, n. I 
 
 SWIDDER, n. to doubt, swing from side to side, 
 
 what swings or hangs ? 
 SWAD, n. a pea-pod. 
 s. a basket. 
 
 ' n ' > the moisture of toil, (see Swink\ 
 ^weat, 
 
 'ATTLE, H. 
 
 > to sweat away. 
 SWATTER, n.) 
 
 SWEDDLE, n.~] , 
 
 > (see L. stems). 
 Swell, J v 
 
 Swathe, "I , . , i 
 > to wind round. 
 
 bWADDLE, J 
 
 Swath, a band of mown grass.
 
 SW*NG. 303 
 
 Sweet, what is swallowed with pleasure ? (See 
 Swallow^). 
 
 N. Stems. 
 Swoon, 
 
 SWOUND, e. 
 SWEB, n. 
 SWELT, n. 
 
 to be overcome with a feeling of 
 swimming, or swinging round, 
 in the head. 
 
 SWAEF, n. 
 
 Swan, the swimming-bird* 
 
 Swain, a labourer, (see Swinlt). 
 
 Swindle, to wind round or circumvent. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Sweal, "i 
 
 ZWEAL, w. 1 to burn slightly, as with a sweep- 
 
 SWIDDEN, n. | ing flame ? 
 
 SWIZZEN, n. J 
 
 Swarthy, the colour of a burnt surface ? 
 
 SWILLET, w. growing turf set on fire for 
 
 manuring the land. 
 Swelter, w. to be very hot. 
 Swell, to swing up like rising water or waveiB 
 SWELL, n. a swelling or swinging of laughter. 
 SWALE, w. to sway from side to side. 
 Swill, n. to wash by water shaken to and fro. 
 SwiLKER-over, to swob over. 
 SWILKEE, n. to make a noise like water shaken 
 
 in a bottle.
 
 304 SW*NG. 
 
 Swallow, "I 
 
 SWELL, w. . , 
 
 ~ . >- to swing down. 
 
 Swill, 
 
 SWIZZLE, s. j 
 
 Swallow, the down-swinging bird. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 SWAIR, w.l ,1 -, , c , . 
 
 ^> the down-hanging of a lull. 
 SWIRE, w.J 
 
 SWEER, n. hanging, reluctant. 
 SWARBLE, n. to climb a tree, swarm. 
 SWERLE, n. to sway in walking. 
 SWIRTLE, n. to swing about, move quick. 
 SWARF, n. to swoon, (see N. stems). 
 
 f what is swung; or swathed round, 
 
 SWEARD, 0. , . , i .1 i 
 
 , < a hide, also the green-sward, 
 Sward, ... & 
 
 {_ ground-swathing. 
 
 Swarthy, (see L. stems). 
 
 Sword, what is swung. 
 
 Swerve, to swing off. 
 
 Swear-ma, o.~\ what moves about swingingly, or 
 
 Swarm, J swimmingly. 
 
 P Stems of sounds of which the type was that 
 of swinging bodies, as bells. 
 
 Swaeg, o. "I , 
 
 a . > a sound. 
 
 Swegmg, o.\ 
 
 Swear, to speak, then swear. 
 
 ' > to speak back. 
 Ant-swear,J
 
 T 
 
 305 
 
 SQU*NG. 
 
 IO squeeze, suppress. 
 
 NCH. 
 Squench, quench. 
 
 SQUEEG, m. to squeeze. 
 
 SQUIGGLE, e. to squeeze out, as fluid. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 Squeeze. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 SQOB-pie. 
 Squab. 
 Squib. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 Squat, to squeeze, indent by squeezing, to 
 squeeze back or down, settle. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 
 Squint. 
 
 SQUINNY, e. h ? 
 SQUINDER, e. J 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 SQUELSTEE, to oppress, as with heat. 
 Squall. 
 
 X
 
 306 ST*NG. 
 
 E. Stems. 
 Squirrel ? 
 Squirt, to squeeze out liquid. 
 
 ST*NG. 
 
 1. 
 
 TO be or stand up or out, or to make stiff 
 or firm. 
 
 2. 
 To rise up. 
 
 3. 
 
 To strike with what stands up stiff. 
 
 4. 
 To give the sense of stinging. 
 
 NG. 
 
 J$TANG, a pole, stout staff. 
 
 fting. 
 TANGY, n. a tailor, quasi pricker. 
 
 NK. 
 
 STANK, *. w. a dam. 
 Stink, (4). 
 
 NCH. 
 
 Staunch.
 
 ST*NQ. 307 
 
 Staunch ells, n. door-posts. 
 Stench, (4). 
 
 STOG, w. to thrust with a point. 
 
 STOG, w. to stand firmly stuck in clay. 
 
 STIGAN, o. to climb, rise up. 
 
 STAG, (qui inscendif), a name for the male of 
 
 several animals, as stag, bull-stag, ram-stag, 
 
 boar-stag. 
 STEG, n. a gander. 
 e. a cock turkey. 
 
 DGE. 
 
 Stodge, s. w. a stiff fluid or mixture. 
 Stage, a standing-place. 
 
 Tf" 
 
 Stake, 1 
 
 STEAK, > what stands stiff. Thence 
 
 STEEK, J 
 
 To steak,"] . , 
 
 , I the door, 
 steek, J 
 
 Stock, what stands fixed. 
 
 STOCKY, w. stout, saucy. 
 
 Stoke, to poke the fire. 
 
 STAKE-HANG, s. a round fence of stakes in the 
 
 sea for catching fish. 
 STOOK, 5. a kind of stake-fence beneath which 
 
 water is discharged.
 
 308 ST*NO. 
 
 STUCK, e. a sticky slough. 
 
 Stick. 
 
 Stack, w. what ascends, a flight of stone steps 
 
 outside of a hay-loft. 
 Hay-stack. 
 STICK, w. a tree. 
 STOCKLE, w. a pollard tree-stem. 
 STICKLE, w. steep-rising, as a hill. 
 Stickler, one who stands up for. 
 
 CH. 
 
 Stitch, a sticking. 
 
 STITCH, w.~\ of sheaves, sheaves put up in a 
 
 STEUK, n. J cone. 
 
 STEE, n. a ladder, stile ? 
 
 STEY, n. steep. 
 
 Sty, (in the eye), a rising. 
 
 Stew, n. a stand-still, a standing bewildered. 
 
 Stow, to stand or put up. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 ;TUM, Fr. dumb, standing still, 
 tammer, n. to stand, stop in speech. 
 STUMMER, n. to stand, stop suddenly. 
 Stamp, to stand intensively. 
 STOMSES, w. bars to stamp ore. 
 Stump, what stands up. 
 
 STEM, w. one standing in work, a day's work, 
 or a turn at work.
 
 ST*NGr. 309 
 
 Stem, what stands up. 
 
 Steam, what ascends. 
 
 STAM, e. a stiff-standing from amazement. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 STOB, n. a stump, post. 
 
 ~ , ,' , > what stands stiff, 
 btubble,] 
 
 Stubborn, stiff-standing. 
 Stab, (3). 
 
 Step, to raise the foot. 
 Steep, up-standing. 
 
 ' |> a post fastened into the ground. 
 
 Stap, n. a barrel stave. 
 
 Stipe, Fr.~] ,. , . , r 
 
 q x > dip, push in a plum-line. 
 
 Steeple, what rises up. 
 Stop, to stand up. 
 STOP, n. to thrust, stab. 
 
 The following F. stems mean to act stiifly 
 or withstand stiffly. 
 
 STAVE, w. ~\ 
 
 STEEVE, e. \ to force stiffly down. 
 
 Stifle, 
 
 Stiff. 
 
 STIFLEE, e. a stickler. 
 
 STIFF-QUEAN, n. a stout wench.
 
 310 ST*NG. 
 
 STAFFE, of cocks, n. a standing or pair of 
 
 cocks. 
 
 STIVE, e. to compress stiffly. 
 STIVE, e. to raise dust. 
 STIVE, e. dust, what is raised. 
 STIVER, w. to stand up stiff, as hair, to stand 
 
 firm, to show stiffness of limbs. 
 STIVEN, n. sternness. 
 STOVER, n. straw or fodder for cattle. 
 Stuff, stiff goods. 
 Staff. 
 Staves. 
 
 STIVEN, n. stiffness, sternness. 
 STEEVE with cold, w. 
 STAVE, w. a tree-stem bridge. 
 STAVEL, n. to stand stiffly about. 
 
 STAFFLE,] , . . 
 
 > n. to be in a stew, (which see). 
 
 STOAP, n.j 
 
 STAVLAN, n. to be at a stand-still ? 
 
 Stove. 
 
 Stud, what stands up. 
 
 a standing-place for horses. 
 
 STUDDY, . what stands firm, an anvil. 
 Stead, a standing-place. 
 
 T. Stems. 
 
 STJITTE, Fr. to strike against, as a stone, 
 
 (Matt. iv. 7). 
 STOTTER, n. to stumble.
 
 ST*NG. 311 
 
 Stutter, 
 
 f to stand or stop in speech. 
 STUT, M.J 
 
 STUT, w. what stings, a gnat. 
 STOUT, w. a gad-fly. 
 
 STOT, n. to strike on a stiff surface and re- 
 bound. 
 
 STOTT, n. a young ox. (See Stag]. 
 STOTE, n. a young horse or bullock. 
 
 Stout, "I ,., , , 
 > stiff, hard. 
 STITHE,J 
 
 Stithy, an anvil. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 Stand. 
 
 STOUND, n. a short time, one standing of the 
 sand-glass. 
 
 w. to stand astounded. 
 
 STUNT, stubborn, stiff. 
 
 STOUND, n. a standing vessel for small beer. 
 
 STEN, n. to rear, as a horse. 
 
 STUN, n. to make stand stock-like. 
 
 Stone, what stands or is firm, or stiff. 
 
 STEILTE, Fr. steep ground. 
 
 STADE, s. a standing for ships. 
 
 STADDLE, O a standing for a stack of hay or 
 
 STEDDLE, s. J corn. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 Stool. 
 STOWL, w.
 
 312 ST*NG. 
 
 To STOOL turves, to put them up in a hile. 
 
 a standing-place for cattle. 
 STELL, w.J 
 
 A . ' > what stands up or is to be climbed. 
 StairJ 
 
 STILE, n. what stands stiff. 
 
 Stilts. 
 
 Still, standing, not going. 
 
 STAJLL, Fr. iron. 
 
 Steel, what stands stiff. 
 
 STALE, w. "1 
 
 STELOCK, w. I the handle of a pick, &c. 
 
 STELCH, 
 
 STULL, s. a luncheon, a lump of food. 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 Stir, "1 
 
 Start, > to rise or stiffen, or raise up. 
 
 Startle,] 
 
 Steer, to keep stiff. 
 
 Star, what rises. 
 
 STEART, START, STERT, Fr. what stands out, 
 
 tail, hinder part, point. 
 STERTLE, w. to wag the tail. 
 Red-start. 
 
 STURE, what rises up, dust. 
 Stair, what rises or is to be climbed. 
 STARE, w. to stand up, as 
 
 " The horses' hair do stare."
 
 STK*NG. 313 
 
 STOWR, n. what is stiff, a rong, a stake. 
 
 STURRY,") .. , , 
 
 } stiff, as cloth. 
 STOWR, J 
 
 STOWER, n. a stiff stake. 
 Stark, 1 iff , 
 Starch,J 
 
 STORKER, TZ. 1 ...**, ,. ,, 
 
 V to stiffen by cooling:, as fat. 
 STORKEN, n.j 
 
 STEORMA, what is or rises stiff. 
 
 STORM, n. a frost. 
 
 Storm. 
 
 Steer. 
 
 STURK, n. } , . 
 
 > to grow strong-, thrive ? 
 STURKEN, w.J 
 
 STURT, n. an uprising, uproar. 
 
 STR*NG. 
 
 TO strike or stretch or pull forth, in motion 
 or direction. 
 
 NG. 
 
 String, what stretches on. 
 
 Strong, striking or stretching with might. 
 
 Strength. 
 
 Strangle, to pull tight. 
 
 NK. 
 
 STRINKLE, e. to sprinkle, strike forth liquid.
 
 314 STK*NG. 
 
 G. 
 
 Struggle, to strike or pull. 
 STRIG, s. what stretches forth, the footstalk of 
 a plant. 
 
 Straggle,! , 
 
 Oi > to strike out in motion. 
 
 Stray, J 
 
 Straight, as a string stretched. 
 Strait, stretched close. 
 
 K. 
 
 STREEK, n. to stretch. 
 
 STRAIKS, 1 of a wheel, the stretches or 
 
 STREAKS, w.j lengths of the tire. 
 
 Strike. 
 
 Stroke,! ,, , r , ., . 
 ~ , ( the effect oi striking. 
 
 TCH. 
 
 STREECH, w. a striking, as the stroke of an 
 
 out-struck rake. 
 Stretch. 
 
 STRITCH, w.~\ a bar to strike off the top of corn 
 STRICKLE, J in the measure, to sell by 
 STREECH, w. measure, and not heaped measure. 
 
 Stub roots. 
 
 Strew, to strike about. 
 Straw, what is strewed.
 
 STK*NG. 315 
 
 Strawberry, the out-striking or outstretching 
 
 plant. 
 STRY, e. to strike or pull to pieces, destroy. 
 
 s. Stems. 
 Stress, a straining. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 STREA-MA, what stretches or reaches out. 
 
 Stram, the sound of a striking. 
 
 Stream. 
 
 STKAMMER, w. a stretching, a lie. 
 
 STRAMMASK, n, to strike to pieces. 
 
 STROME, e. to make long stretches in walking. 
 
 Streamer, what stretches out. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 STRIPPELT, Fr. strippled, striped. 
 
 Stripe, what stretches out, or the act of striking. 
 
 Strop.! 
 
 Strap./ 
 
 Strip, to pull off. 
 
 Strive. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 i 
 
 STRADS, w. a kind of leg-leathers. 
 
 Stride. 
 
 Straddle. 
 
 Strut.
 
 316 *NG. 
 
 STRUT, n. 1 , 
 
 ,, > a brace, stretcher. 
 
 STRAUTER,J 
 
 STROUT, a struggle. 
 
 A-STROUT, w. stretched stiff, as frozen. 
 
 STRAT, w. to strike to pieces, dash. 
 
 Street, "1 what stretches forth, a road, 
 
 STRJITE, Fr.J street. 
 
 N. Stems. 
 Strain. 
 
 STRUNT, n. what outstretches, a tail, rump. 
 Strand, what stretches along. 
 STRANDY, n. stretching, restive. 
 STRINES, n. the sides of a ladder. 
 
 L. 
 Stroll. 
 
 STROIL, w. straining power. 
 stringy weed-roots. 
 
 *NG. 
 
 I think I have found stems and root-forms of 
 two or three roots ending in *NG after only 
 vowels. 
 
 1. 
 
 r T~^0 be sharp in form.
 
 *NG. 317 
 
 2. 
 
 To give the sense of harm by what is sharp 
 to the body or mind. 
 
 , . f , 
 
 ENG \ P ' P amful> 
 ANG-nails, n. corns on the feet. 
 Anger. 
 
 " The zwellen is angry," w. 
 " The swelling is inflamed." 
 
 INGLE, n. fire, what is sharp or painful. 
 Angle, o. a fish-hook. 
 
 Ege, o. a sharp feeling, fear, dread. 
 " To UG at," n. to abhor, dread. 
 
 Ugly- 
 Awe. 
 
 Ague, a sharp attack by an ailing so called. 
 EGLE, o. a little sharp thing. 
 AILS, w. the awns of barley. 
 Auger, a cutting tool. 
 
 EGG, M7.1 , i 
 
 } to sharpen or edge on. 
 AGG, w.j 
 
 Eager, sharp in feeling.
 
 318 *NG. 
 
 DGE. 
 
 Edge. 
 
 EDGE-LEAMS, n. edge-tools. 
 " Set the teeth on edge," to set them in a feel- 
 ing of sharpness. 
 
 Eye, "I sharpness of a sense ; sight as opposed 
 EAG, o.J to being blind or blunt. 
 
 In the Frisian laws since edge is a side, so 
 the two sides or parties to a lawsuit are called 
 egges or igges. 
 
 > sharp drink? 
 AgleJ 
 
 ACKER, n. a ripple. 
 
 -rr 
 
 AECS, o.~\ , 
 . > an edge-tool. 
 
 ACK, n. to grieve. 
 
 ECKY, n. vexed. 
 
 AIXES, n. 
 
 Ague. 
 
 Ache, to have a painfully sharp feeling. 
 
 TCH. 
 Itch.
 
 EESK, Fr. 
 ACSE, o. 
 AKSAN, o. 
 Axen, w. 
 
 *NG. 319 
 
 live or sharply-burning or pain- 
 ful ashes. 
 
 ESSE, n. 
 
 Ashes, 
 
 AESG, o. what is sharp, a spear, shaft. 
 
 Ash, the spear-wood. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 Ajmm, Fr. a painful sore or swelling with the 
 
 skin unbroken. 
 
 AMPEK, w. a painful swelling or pustule. 
 AMPERY, w. filled with pus. 
 Embers, live, and so sharp or painful coals. 
 Emmet, what is sharp or stings. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 Evil, what is sharp or painful. 
 
 B. Sterna. 
 
 (About edges.) 
 
 EFESTAN, s. to shear, trim, to straighten the 
 
 edge. 
 
 Eaves, OVES, w.~\ 
 OVERS, w. j 
 Efsing, Fr. EASINGS, n. eaves. 
 EAVELONG-work, e. moving or reapings round 
 the edges or hedge-sides.
 
 320 *N G. 
 
 EAVER, n. the sky-edge, horizon, a quarter of 
 
 the sky. 
 Even. 
 
 That even is from this root is shown by odd, 
 which, in Frisian, is a point or corner, so that 
 odd means as points untrimmed, and even as 
 points trimmed straight. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 ADL, o. pain, disease. 
 Addled egg, an unsound egg. 
 Ailing. 
 111. 
 
 Adder, ] 
 
 A > venom or venomous. 
 
 ATTER,] 
 
 Oat, the sharp-eared plant? 
 
 N. Stems. 
 AENT, o.~j 
 
 AEND, o. > the edge or end. 
 End, ) 
 
 ANENT, w. against, as an end. 
 Answer, and-swerian, to speak back. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 ELVISH, e. sharp, spiteful. 
 
 Awl > 1 L * i, 
 n > what is sharp. 
 
 LLSON, n.j
 
 *NG. 321 
 
 n > fire, what is sharp to the touch. 
 
 ELDEST, n.j 
 
 ELDEN, 
 OLLET, s^ 
 
 R. 
 
 EARH, o. sharp. 
 
 Arrow. 
 
 Ear, arrow, a spike of corn. 
 
 YAR, n. sour. 
 
 Irk, to be sharp or painful to the mind. 
 
 Oard, Fr. coast- side. 
 
 EA. 
 
 To flow on, go on as time. 
 Increase, lengthen on in substance. 
 
 NK. 
 
 Inkle, what lengthens on, a narrow kind of 
 
 tape. 
 
 INKLE, a hair of the head. 
 Inkling, a clew. 
 
 K. 
 
 EAC, o.l . 
 
 -p,, > to continue, add on, increase. 
 
 Each. 
 
 Oak, what increases or continues long, what is 
 firm. 
 
 T
 
 322 *NG. 
 
 Oath, what continues, or is made firm. 
 
 ST. Stems. 
 East, the more timely sun's place. 
 
 M. Stems. 
 
 AMEN, Fr. onreaching in space, open. 
 EEM, n. leisure, open time. 
 Empty. 
 Imp, to lengthen. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 Idle? empty. 
 
 B. Stems. 
 
 Aft, \ . 
 . ~ > at longer time or space. 
 
 D. Stems. 
 
 ED, o. at longer time, again, anew. 
 
 EDGRASS, w. EEGRASS, w.l 
 
 EDGREW, s. > after-grass. 
 
 YEOMATH, 
 
 EDISH-ESH, w. stubble-growth. 
 
 PEA-ESH, pea-stubble. 
 
 L. Stems. 
 
 Eald, o.l c , 
 
 Olrl f S continuance.
 
 *NG. 323 
 
 R. Stems. 
 
 Ere,l .. , , c 
 
 .p, > more timely, before. 
 
 Ever, continuing in time. 
 
 Every, ] 
 
 -P f J } ever on. 
 
 Mer-eac, o.j 
 
 EA. 
 
 What flows on. 
 
 EA, o. water, a sheet of water. 
 EALE, n. watery land. 
 EA-land, island, water-girt land. 
 EAVE, w. to become damp. 
 
 " The stwones do eave," w. 
 
 YEAVY, EAVY, w. moist, wet. 
 YEAVELING, w. evening dew-fall ? 
 Ewer. 
 Eddy. 
 
 G*NG? 
 
 Ear, to work especially on the ground. 
 
 " Neither earing nor harvest," Bible. 
 " To ear the ground." 
 
 Earn, to win by work. 
 
 Yearn, to labour with the mind.
 
 324 *NG. 
 
 EAR-MA, what works, the arm. 
 Earnest, in work, not in sport. 
 
 ARLES, "j , . . 
 
 \- earnest-money, on a hiring. 
 EARLES.J 
 
 Earth, what is worked, the soil. 
 ERNFUL, s. lamentable. 
 Arders, n. s. ploughings. 
 
 THE END. 
 
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