pp nt^tion -net Pe- 
 
 less The 
 
 b of the Carnatic, 
 sented to the House
 
 JIN* &:. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 AT LOS ANGELES
 
 REPRESENTATION 
 
 PETITION 
 
 FROM HIS HIGHNESS 
 
 The Nabob of the Carnatic, 
 
 PRESENTED TO THE 
 
 HOUSE OF COMMONS 
 
 MARCH 5, 1792. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRJNTEP FOR J. DEBRETT, OPPOSITE BURLINGTON- 
 HOUSE, PICCAD&LY. 
 
 M,DCC.XCII,
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IN order the better to comprehend 
 the principal fubjeft of complaint 
 ^ in the following Petition, it may not 
 \ be unacceptable to ftate very fhortly the 
 
 - circumftances that have occurred in In- 
 dia, in the laft and in the prefent War. 
 
 In the laft War, the Nabob afligned 
 
 over his Country to Lord Macartney 
 
 upon certain conditions, for three or five 
 
 years ; and Mr. Haftings earneftly recom- 
 rf mended it to his Lordihip to appropriate 
 
 all the refources of Tanjore to the Public 
 
 Service during the War, except fuch parts 
 
 of thofe refources as fhould be required 
 
 ';{ for the Rajah's fubfiftence. 
 
 ^ The ceffion of the Carnatic being a 
 
 ^1 voluntary aft on the part of the Nabob, 
 
 B does
 
 does not feem to have attracted the at- 
 tention of Parliament ; but the fenti~ 
 ments exprefled by Mr. Haftings relative 
 to Tanjore, \eryftrongly excited the no- 
 tice of Mr. Dundas, who moved the 
 following Refolution, which the Houfe, 
 in the Rockingbam Adminiftration, una- 
 nimoujly 'voted. 
 
 29th April, 1782. " That any at- 
 " tempt to feize upon the revenues of 
 <f the kingdom of Tanjore, and to con-* 
 " fifcate the fame for the purpofe of 
 " the Nabob, or of the Bad-India Com- 
 " pany, is contrary to the Public faith, 
 " and tends to the opprej/ion and ruin of 
 " the Company." 
 
 28th May, 1782. " That if any 
 " perfon, in violation of the Public faith, 
 " given by the Eaft-India Company in 
 " 1775. and contrary to the true intent 
 " and meaning of the feveral Refolu- 
 
 " tiont
 
 t i" ] 
 
 " tions of this Houfe, of the 2Qth of 
 *' April laft. have taken in fequeftrition, 
 *' or otherwife, the revenues of T-anjore 
 *' into the management- of the Nabob 
 tf of Arcot, or of the Eaft- India Company t 
 ** it is the duty of the Court of Direc- v 
 " \.Q*S forthwith^ to order the faid reve- 
 *' nues to be returned to the Adminiflra- 
 " tion of the King of Tanjore, agreeable 
 16 to the Treaties of 1762 and 1775. " yy 
 
 We have inferted thefe Refolutions to 
 fhew of how much importance it appear- 
 ed to be in the opinion of Mr. Dundas 9 
 and of the Houfe of Commons, that 
 Treaties mould be inviolably adhered to. 
 
 In the year 1784, the Board of Con- 
 troul directed the Government of Fort 
 St. George, to rejhre to the manage- 
 ment of the Nabob, the revenues of the 
 Carnatic, and they acknowledged him to 
 be the Sovereign of the Country. It ap- ,\ 
 B 2 pears
 
 [ iv ] 
 
 pears, that between the month of De- 
 cember, 1781, when the Nabob affign- 
 ed the Carnatic to Lord Macartney dur- 
 ing the War, and the month of Septem- 
 ber, 1784, when the Board of Controul 
 ordered his country to be reftored to 
 \f him, the Nabob had repeatedly com- 
 plained that the conditions on which he 
 had affigned his country had not been 
 _/\ preferved. Whether this complaint was 
 well or ill founded is now of no confe- 
 quence, as, from the month of February, 
 1787, the Nabob and the Company en- 
 tered into a new treaty ', and it is of the 
 violation of that Treaty, his Highnefs 
 now complains. 
 
 After a long and intricate negociation, 
 V - Sir Archibald Campbell, on ihe 24th of 
 February, 1787, figned a Treaty of per- 
 petual friendfoipy alliance and Jecurify 
 with the Nabob, in the prefence of Sir 
 
 John
 
 John Macpherfon and Mr. Stables ', who 
 were then at Fort St. George, in their 
 way to England. 
 
 This Treaty was concluded under 
 the orders of the Board of Controul. 
 It is drawn up with remarkable perfpe- 
 cuity, and the objedt and fcope of the 
 Treaty is fo evident, that no man can 
 miftake it. 
 
 Sir Archibald Campbell laboured to 
 fecure for the Company, in time of 
 peace, the payment of a fixed fum 
 annually, for the fupport of the military 
 eftablimment on the coaft j and in war, 
 to fecure the payment of four-fifths of all 
 the revenues produced in the Carnatic. 
 
 The Nabob, on his part , laboured fo to 
 fecure his own honour and dignity, that 
 without a direct and flagrant violation 
 of public faith ', no poffible contingency 
 could znk t that mould deprive him of 
 
 the
 
 the Sovereignty and management of the 
 Carnatic, either in peace or war. 
 
 The Treaty therefore contains the 
 following pqfitive conditions. 
 
 I. That the Nabob (hall pay a fpeci- 
 fic fum annually, for the fupport of the 
 military peace eftablimment. 
 
 II. That in time of war, he mall ap- 
 propriate four-fifths of his revenues to 
 fupport the war. 
 
 But mould the Nabob fall in arrear 
 in hi? payments in peace, certain fpecified 
 diftri&s are to be delivered over to the 
 Company, until the arrear mall be paid 
 up -, the Company are to receive the 
 revenues of thofe diftric~ts,yr<7/ the Na- 
 botfs Aumlh ; if the Aumils behave ill, 
 the Nabob mall difmifs them, and ap- 
 point fuch others as the Company ap- 
 prove of. 
 
 In
 
 [ vii ] 
 
 In war the Company are allowed to 
 fend infpedtors, to fee that four-fifths 
 of his revenues are boneftly appropriated. 
 He has the fame privilege in war, re- 
 lative to the countries in our pojfeffion. 
 The Company have alfo the privilege, 
 in war, to fend fuperintendants, to re- 
 ceive the revenues from the Nabob's 
 Aumils. 
 
 The Treaty then ftates " That th 
 " exercife of power over the faid dif- 
 *' trids, in cafe of failure, fhall not 
 " extend, or be con ft rued to extend, 
 " to deprive his Highnefs the Na- 
 " bob of the Carnatic, in behalf of 
 " himfelf or his fucceffors, of the civil 
 " government thereof, the credit of his 
 " family, or the dignity of his illujlrious 
 " houfe ; but that the fame fhall be pre- 
 " ferved to him> and them inviolable 9 
 "faving and excepting the powers in the 
 
 " foregoing
 
 [ viii ] 
 
 " foregoing article expreffed and men- 
 " tioned" 
 
 It is alfo flipulated in the Treaty, 
 that the Company {hall communicate 
 all their negoriations, in which the 
 interefl of the Carnatic fh? 1 ! be con- 
 cerned, to the Nabob; and that his name 
 fhall be infer ted in all Treaties, relative 
 to the Carnatic. 
 
 It is alfo agreed, that if the revenue 
 of the Carnatic, in time of peace, mould 
 fall fhort, in confequenee of a want of 
 rain, or any other unforefeen calamity, 
 a proportional reduction mail be made 
 from the amount of the fum he had 
 ilipulated to pay. 
 
 This Treaty received the fulleft 
 approbation of the Board of Controul, 
 under whofe orders it was in fad: con. 
 eluded. 
 
 Sir
 
 [ fr ] 
 
 Sir Archibald Campbell, when he fent 
 home the Treaty, fpeaks in the follow- 
 ing terms of the Nabob. 
 
 " I have narrowly watched all the 
 " Nabob's conduff and fentiments fince 
 " my arrival in this country, and I am 
 " ready to declare that I do not think it 
 " pqflible that any Prince, or Power on 
 " earth, can be more fincerely attached 
 " to the profperity of the Honourable 
 '* Company than his Highnefs, or that 
 " any one has a higher claim to their fa- 
 " *uo ur and liberality. 
 
 Sir Archibald Campbell was fucceeded 
 in his government by Mr. Holland irt 
 1789, and in the month of March 1790, v 
 General Medows arrived. The war 
 with Tippoo was then determined upon, 
 though not commenced until June. 
 
 C The
 
 The General, on the 31 ft of March 
 1790, writes in the following terms to 
 the court of Dire&ors : 
 
 " We have a long arrear both from 
 " and to us. His Highnefs the Nabob 
 " is ! fo backward in his payments, and 
 " oppreffive to his Poligars, that at this 
 " time it is fo neceflary to have on 
 " our iide, that / conceive it will 
 " be abfolutely neceffary upon his firft 
 " material delay of payment, to take 
 " the management of bis country into 
 " your own bands -, a meafure, in fpite 
 " of the opposition to it, To advantageous 
 *' to you, to the country, and even to his 
 ** Highnefs himfelf,when fo wifely pro- 
 " jeered and ably executed by Lord 
 " Macartney." 
 
 The arrear due at this time was fix 
 and a half lacks of pagodas. The Na- 
 bob on his part required a deduclion for 
 
 bad
 
 bad feafons, agreeably to the letter of the 
 treaty; but admitting the Nabob to 
 owe any Jum whatever, the Treaty had 
 provided a remedy. The conduction 
 therefore to be put upon the General's 
 letter is this, that for political purpofes, 
 he conceived it abfolutely necefTary to 
 feize the government of the Carnatic, 
 in violation of the Treaty. 
 
 In the fubfequent ftages of this bu- 
 finefs, the principles upon which the 
 Government of Fort St. George acted, 
 are very fully explained. /4 ^ 
 
 In the letter from the Madras Govern- 
 ment to the Court of Directors, which 
 is before the Houfe of Commons, they 
 detailed the various applications that 
 they had made to the Nabob, for the 
 balance due to them, according to the 
 ftipulations in Sir A. Campbell's Treaty 5 
 and war being in fact inevitable, and 
 C a their
 
 their army equipping for the field, they 
 candidly zndfatrfy fay (in their letter to 
 Bengal), " We proceeded to remark on 
 " the infufficiency of the ftipulations in 
 " Sir Archibald Campbell's treaty, to fe- 
 " cure the regular receipt of 4-5108 of 
 " the Nabob's revenues, agreed to be 
 " paid to the Company's treafury, in the 
 " event of war " 
 
 They fay further, " With this view 
 " we pointed out to his Lordfhip in 
 " council, the impolicy of depending for 
 " our principal refources, at a time when 
 *' the great eft exertions were neceffary, and 
 " pecuniary fupplles of the utmojl import ^ 
 11 ance, upon the operation and manage- 
 " ment of the Nabob's Government, of 
 (( which the fyftem was perhaps as de- 
 " fe<5live and infurBcient as any upon 
 *' earth ; and we did not hefitate to de- 
 " clare it, as our unqualified opinion, that 
 
 " this
 
 r xiu 3 
 
 " this Government ought, during the 
 " war, to take the Nabob's country under 
 *' their own management, as affording 
 " the only means by which the refources 
 '* to be derived from it could be realiz- 
 " ed, and the fidelity and attachment 
 *' of the Polegars> and tributaries fe- 
 " cured, which is of the utmoft impor- 
 ft tance to the fuccefsful operations of 
 *' the war. 
 
 " In the event of his Lordfhip's 
 <f agreeing with us in opinion, and in- 
 " ftru(fting us to adl in conformity, we 
 " fubmitted to him the necejjity of our 
 fe adopting the meafure, Info comprehen- 
 " Jive a manner, as to preclude any kind 
 * ' of interference on the part of the Nabob, 
 ** while the country was under our ma- 
 * nagement j and flating, that if this 
 < ivere not done, the expected advantages 
 *' would not be derived. " 
 
 1 2th May,
 
 [ xiv ] 
 
 1 2th May, 1790, " It might have 
 <c been expetfed, that the fecurities for 
 " the performance of the war ftipula- 
 " tions, which are of fuch importance, 
 " would have been made jlronger than 
 " thofe which are provided in die event 
 " of failures in the time of peace j but 
 " they are, in fad:, lefs efficient, and the 
 " procefs prcfcribed for failures in time 
 " of war, is fo tedious and complicated, 
 ** that it can fear ce be faid to deferve the 
 " name of any fecurity or provifion e what- 
 " ever." 
 
 The Madras Government firft endea- 
 voured to perfuade the Nabob to refign 
 his Government during the war, and 
 until the arrears were paid off. This, 
 as it was very natural to believe, was a 
 vain attempt. He profefTed the utmoft 
 aftonihment at the attempt, but offered 
 to receive infpe&ors, agreeably to the 
 
 letter
 
 letter and fpirit of Sir Archibald Camp- 
 bell's Treaty. We have entered the reafons 
 affigned by the Madras Government for 
 preffing Earl Cornwall to affent to their 
 feizure of the Garnatic the arguments, 
 howevery?razg-, are fuch as a Houfe of 
 Commons cannot endure upon the prin- 
 ciples on which they voted the Refolu- 
 tions of April and May, 1782, or upon 
 the principles on which they voted to 
 impeach Mr. Hajimgs for an alledged 
 breach of faith, not faid to be commit- 
 ted by him, when it was in his option 
 to have war or not, but when war ac- 
 tually raged in every part of India, and 
 when the Public expences were moft 
 preffing. 
 
 After various reprefentations to Ben- 
 gal, the country was at laft feized, in / 
 /pitc of the ilrongeft rernonftrances 
 of the Nabob. Of the feizure, the fol- 
 lowing
 
 [ xvi ] 
 
 lowing Petition complains, but the fub- 
 jec~l has often been agitated in the Houfe 
 of Commons. 
 
 The friends of Mr. Ha/lings, have 
 ufed it as an argumentum ad homlnem 
 againjl Mr. Dundas, without going into 
 the fubject with any other view* Mr. 
 Dundas has, on his part, denied that there 
 had been any breach of Treaty; and very 
 freely did confefs that he fhould be 
 barred from every plea of defence if he 
 could confent to impeach Mr. Haftings, 
 for a violation of faith, and approve of 
 the fame conduct in others. In this af- 
 fertion he manifeftly differs from the 
 Government of Madras, who do not con- 
 ceal that they have broken the Treaty, 
 but affign as a reafon, that the Treaty it- 
 /\ fclf was inefficient. 
 
 All the papers on this fubject are now 
 ordered to be printed, and if thefe re- 
 marks
 
 [ xvii ] 
 
 marks mould be honoured with any at- 
 tention by Members of Parliament, all 
 the Writer hopes or wimes is this, that 
 it may induce them to read thofe Papers, 
 and then he is confident there cannot be 
 two opinions upon the fubjeffi. 
 
 There is one curious part of the Pe<- 
 tition which mufl forcibly ftrike every 
 reader. The Nabob gives precifely the 
 fame account of the duties of inferior 
 Rulers and Zemindars that Mr. Pitt 
 gave in his celebrated Speech in the Be- 
 nares Charge, a few years ago. 
 
 D
 
 REPRESENTATION 
 
 PETITION 
 
 FROM THB 
 
 NABOB OF THE CARNATIC. 
 
 HOUSE OF COMMONS, 
 
 Lu*<e, 5, DitMartii, 1792. 
 
 A PETITION of Albany Wallis. 
 JT\. and Richard Troward, of Nor* 
 folk Street in the Strand, Gentlemen, 
 was prefented to the Houfe, and read $ 
 fetting forth, that his Highnefs the Na- 
 bob of The Carnatic hath, by legal and 
 authenticated inftrutnents, appointed 
 Da the
 
 [ 20 ] 
 
 the Petitioners his Law Agents, in 
 Great Britain, to conduct and manage all 
 his law concerns, as well in Parliament 
 as otherwife; and that the Petitioners, 
 as fuch Law Agents, in the month of 
 July laft, received from his Highnefs a 
 Reprefentation and Petition, under his 
 feal, addrefled to the Houfe, ftating cer- 
 tain facts and grievances, and praying 
 fuch relief as to the Houfc fhould feem 
 meet, which faid Reprefentation and Pe- 
 tition the Petitioners were directed to de- 
 liver into the hands of the Right Ho- 
 nourable the Speaker of this Houfe, to- 
 gether with a letter from his Highnefs, 
 requesting that the Speaker would pre- 
 fent the faid Reprefentation and Petition 
 to the Houfe, and which the Petitioners 
 delivered accordingly; and that the 
 Speaker hath declined to prefent the faid 
 Reprefentation and Petition, and hath re- 
 turned
 
 turned the fame to the Petitioners ; and 
 therefore pray ing, that they may be per- 
 mitted to prefent to the Houfe the faid 
 Reprefentation and Petition of his High- 
 nefs the Nabob of The Carnatic through 
 the hands of fome Member of the 
 Houfe. 
 
 And Mr. Speaker having acquainted 
 the Houfe, that his reafons for declin- 
 ing to offer the faid Petition of his 
 Highnefs the Nabob of T^he Carnatic 
 to the Houfe, did not arife from any 
 reference to the contents of the faid 
 Petition, but from refpedt to the courfe 
 of the proceedings that is obferved, 
 when Petitions are offered to the Houfe - t 
 
 Ordered, 
 
 That leave be given to prefent the faid 
 Petition of his Highnefs the Nabob of 
 *]ibe Carnatic, as defired by the faid Al- 
 bany Wallis and Richard Tr award. 
 
 Then
 
 [ 22 ] 
 
 Then a reprefentation and Petition, 
 of his Highnefs the Nabob Wau Lau 
 yau Ummeer ul Hind Omdat ul Mulk 
 Anfuph ud Dew lab Unwer ud Dien Cawn 
 Babauder Zupbar Jung Sepab Saular, 
 Sovereign and Soubahdar of the Carnatic 
 Payenghaut and Ballaghaut, was pre- 
 fented to the Houfe, and read ; fetting 
 forth, that the Empire of the Moguls, 
 in India, has fubfifted for feveral ages, 
 difpenfing, by favour of the Almighty 
 God, the bleffings of a regular Govern- 
 ment to a large diviflon of the inhabi- 
 tants of the earth : that one fupreme 
 monarch the King of the Moguls rules 
 over all the kingdoms, provinces, and 
 dominions, of the faid extenfive empire : 
 that the feveral kingdoms, or provinces, 
 are governed by Princes, who derive 
 their right to authority from the King 
 of the Moguls by letters patent under 
 
 the
 
 the great feal of the empire and a folemn 
 inveftiture on fuch conditions as may 
 have been mentioned and ordered in fuch 
 letters patent : that inferior rulers hold 
 certain diftricts under the faid Nabobs 
 or Princes, by whofe Saned and folemn 
 inveftiture, the authority and rights of 
 fuch inferior rulers are conftituted : that 
 thofe inferior rulers pay immediate alle- 
 giance and obedience, with a ftated an- 
 nual tribute, to the faid Nabobs, for 
 their country, befides performing mili- 
 tary fervice in war, and when peace 
 comes paying their proportion of the 
 expences incurred, eftimated by the 
 ufual amount of their refpective reve- 
 nues : that, upon the dutiful behaviour 
 of fuch inferior rulers, the pofTeffions of 
 the father are granted to the fon, or 
 neareft legitimate kinfman, by a regular 
 leaned or commiflion, and a new invefti- 
 ture,
 
 ture, upon paying the accuftomed fine of 
 fucceffion : that no fucceffion is legal, 
 nor can the fucceflbr execute any legal 
 aft of power, until he has received fuch 
 Saned or commiffion, and fuch invefti- 
 ture, from his immediate fuperior the 
 Nabob, who is Lord Paramount of the 
 country : that, when fuch inferior rulers 
 or vafTals commit any great public crime, 
 refufe to pay their annual tribute, evade 
 or difobey orders in attending their fu- 
 perior in war with all their force?, 
 when they abet enemies, encourage con- 
 fpiracie?, or in any dangerous degree 
 prove faithlefs to their immediate Lord, 
 they are fined, imprifoned, or fubjecled 
 to abfolute forfeiture, in proportion to 
 their crimes : that, upon the extinction 
 of the legitimate male line of fuch vaf- 
 fals, and their lawful male kindred, 
 their territories fall of courfe to the dif- 
 
 pofal
 
 [ 25 1 
 
 pofal of their liege Lord : that the pre- 
 fent Nabob of The Carnatic, as well as 
 his father Anwar uldien Cawn Bahauder* 
 have been Nabobs or Princes of that 
 kingdom or country by all the legal and 
 regular grants and inveftitures of the 
 empire of the Moguls : that the prefent 
 Nabob fucceeded his father in the year 
 of the Chriftian aera 1749, by all the 
 legal and regular grants, as Prince of 
 the whole kingdom of The Carnatic, 
 from the River Crijlua, to Cape Comorin : 
 that fuch grants, and fuch inveilitures, 
 were renewed to him, with additional 
 rights, immunities, franchifes, and pri- 
 vileges, by the fucceffive kings of the 
 Moguls, till at length, more than four 
 and twenty years ago, he received an al- 
 tumgah, or free grant, for ever, from 
 the prefent King Shah Allum: that, by 
 this grant of total independence, the al- 
 E legiance
 
 [ 26 ] 
 
 legiancc of all the inhabitants of The 
 Carnatic, whether natives or Europeans, 
 was transferred to him, as it had been 
 pofTelTed by their former Sovereigns the 
 Kings of Delhi: that the Nabob's right 
 to the government, royalty, and domi- 
 nion, of the whole Carnatic, has to the 
 prefent day remained unimpaired, undi- 
 minilhed, and unimpeached, by any aft, 
 deed, compact, treaty, conqueft, or other 
 ground or pretence whatfoever : that he 
 is\)f right, and defa&o, independent of 
 any claim of fovereignty by any Prince, 
 Power, or State upon earth : that he is 
 the legal, undifputed, and acknowledged 
 fucceffbr of the King of the Moguls , in 
 all his prerogatives and abfolute right?, 
 over the whole Carnatic: that his 
 Highnefs's father, as well as himfelf, be- 
 came known to the great and gracious 
 Kings of Great Britain t King George 
 
 the
 
 -the Second, and his prefent Majefty 
 King George the Third : that his Majefty 
 King- George the Second, in letters under 
 his royal fignature, and counterfigned by 
 the principal Secretary of his kingdom, 
 promifed his fupport to the prefent Na- 
 bob, as an ally who merited and ftiould 
 receive his protection : that, in confe- 
 .qvjence of the reciprocal friendship be- 
 tween the King of Great Britain and 
 the Nabob, and in confideration of the 
 undoubted rights of the latter, he was 
 .guaranteed in the pofieffionof the whole 
 Ciitwtic * by his Britannic Majefty and 
 the French King, by the eleventh ar- 
 ticle of the definitive treaty of peace, 
 concluded at Paris in the year of the 
 Chriftian sera 1763 : that his Majefly 
 the King of Great Britain, acknow- 
 ledging and confidering the Nabob as 
 Sovereign of the Carnatic, wrote him 
 E 2 many
 
 C 28 j 
 
 many gracious letters under his own 
 royal hand, treating him as an inde- 
 pendent Prince, and promifing him and 
 his family his royal and auguft protec- 
 tion : that his Majefty fent to the Na- 
 bob, as an independent Sovereign, two 
 feveral embaffies under the Great Seal 
 of Great Britain : that his rights to an 
 abfolute independence are fo felf-evident 
 and undeniable, that the Eaji India 
 Company, when on the worft terms 
 with the Nabob, declared folemnly on 
 their records, that they muft acknow- 
 ledge him to be a Sovereign Prince: 
 that the Englifo Eaft India Company 
 fettled factories in the Carnatic, as 
 merchants carrying on their bufinels as 
 fuch under the protection of the Na- 
 bobs of the country : that, conformable 
 to their confined fituation, they addrefled 
 their immediate fuperior the Nabob by 
 
 arzee
 
 [ '9 ] 
 
 arzee or petition : that Anwar un dien 
 Caivn Bahauder, the father of the pre- 
 fent, 'Nabob, when he arrived in his 
 government of the Carnatic, found 
 them in their fadlory, furrounded by 
 fomething more like a garden wall than 
 a fort : that the injuftice of the French 
 induced Anwar ul dien Cawn Babauder 
 to fupport the Englifh, as well as him-r 
 felf, againft fuch injuftice;: that Amwar 
 ul dien being killed in, battle by the 
 French, and his fon, the prefent Nabob, 
 having fucceeded him, Ahmed Sbab, the 
 King of the Moguls* ordered his fub- 
 jedls, the Englijh factories fettled in the 
 Carnatlc, to obey him the Nabob, as 
 the mediate power between them and 
 .their fovereign, the King of the Mo- 
 guls : that the governors of the faid 
 factories wrote arzees or petitions of 
 thanks to the Mogul, for appointing the 
 
 prefent
 
 [ 30 ] 
 
 prefent Nabob to rule over them : that 
 during the long war, which the ambi- 
 tion and injuftice of the French raifed 
 againft the Nabob, the Englifb Com- 
 pany uniting themfelves with him as 
 faithful fubjeds of the Mogul, their 
 joint exertions, which were powerfully 
 affifted by the King of -Great Britain, 
 became at length victorious over all 
 their enemies : that the Company's fer- 
 vants, after this fignal fucceis, folemnly, 
 under the hand of their Governor, af- 
 fured the Nabob, that their wi(h and 
 refolution were to carry on their bufinefs 
 under his protection, as they had done 
 under the protection of former Soubadars: 
 that the Company were fo thoroughly 
 latisfied that the Nabob was the legal 
 and rightful Sovereign of the Carnatic, 
 that they wrote circular letters to all the 
 inferior rulers, who governed different 
 
 diftrifts
 
 diftri&s of the country, and who, tak- 
 ing advantage of the misfortunes of the 
 late times, had a&ed a falfe and unduti- 
 ful part towards their liege Lord : that 
 among other rulers of lei's note, they 
 wrote to the Rajah of Tanjore to obey V 
 orders and commands, fignifying by 
 fuch communication, that, fhould that 
 vaiTal prove refractory, they, as good 
 fubjects, would unite their arms with * 
 thofe of the Nabob againft the Rajah as 
 a rebel : that, when the bufinefs of the 
 country was fettled, the prefidency of 
 Fort Saint George, as reprefentatives of 
 the ILnglijJj Company, entered into an 
 agreement with the Nabob, with this ,/ 
 expreffion, " being obedient to him :" 
 that they declared that, " by the blelT- 
 " ing of God, the whole Carnatic was 
 " intirely and firmly eftablifhed in the 
 " Nabob and his pofterity :" that they y\ 
 
 folemnly
 
 [ 3* 3 
 
 folemnly engaged, that as long as the 
 Engltfi fettlements (hall remain in the 
 Deckan, Bengal, and Hindoftan y the 
 Company's people are diligently to ufe 
 their endeavours in promoting and ailift- 
 ing the affairs of the Carnatic, in its 
 obedience to the Nabob, and in main- 
 taining firm friendmip and regard : that 
 the mind of the Nabob, being fwayed 
 by reciprocal fentiments of regard to- 
 wards the Englijh Company, granted 
 y them a large jaghire, which they ftill 
 hold under him as Lord Paramount : 
 that the grant of fuch jaghire not only 
 promoted their opulence, but railed 
 them to their political iituation in the 
 Carnat'iCy which is that of perpetual 
 Jaghiredars : that, after the fortunate 
 fettlement of the public troubles, peace, 
 the wim of all good men, became the 
 commencement of misfortune to the 
 
 Nabob :
 
 t 33 1 
 
 Nabob : that the Company's fervants 
 having, by the powerful aid of the 
 King of Great Britain, been of very 
 figaal and very effectual fervice in ex- 
 pelling the enemies of the Carnatic, 
 began to mix their hands with its in- 
 ternal politics : that, under the pre- V 
 tence of being unable to obtain juftice 
 by force from the Rajah of 'fanjore, for 
 his rebellious, treacherous, and dan- 
 gerous behaviour during the war, they 
 entered into a treaty with him : that 
 the Nabob, deeming the terms of the 
 treaty very far from being adequate, 
 was very unwilling to fign it ; and that 
 the prefident of Fort Saint George put 
 the Nabob's chop by force to the faid 
 treaty : that the Nabob will not afcribe 
 the treaty to the interefts of individuals, 
 but will only obferve, that it was a gla- 
 ring encroachment oo his juft and inde- 
 
 f pendent - r
 
 [ 34 ] 
 
 pendent rights, as Sovereign of all the 
 inhabitants of be Carnatlc: that the 
 Company's fervants having forgot the 
 object of their inftitution, which was 
 trade, in the length of the war turned 
 . their thoughts to other views : that, by 
 prefling the Nabob to pay his debt 
 to the Company, which he had in- 
 curred for their aid, during the troubles, 
 and that in inftalments too large for his 
 revenue, he was forced to involve him- 
 felf by borrowing money of individuals 
 at a great intereft : that thus he became 
 to be prefled by nearly the fame perfons 
 in a double capacity - y on the one fide as 
 managers of the public funds, on the 
 other as partly the proprietors of the 
 A private debts : that diftrefs thus began, 
 and was followed up by various misfor- 
 tunes : that the Company's government, 
 on the fcore of his diftreffes, aflumcd a 
 
 high
 
 [ 35 1 
 
 high tone, and as creditors of the Na- 
 bob began to leffen his authority, by in- 
 terfering with his government : that, 
 to render him more fubfervient to their 
 own domineering fpirit, they very in- 
 duftrioufly and fuccefsfully concealed 
 from the Nabob his being guaranteed 
 in all his rights by the eleventh ar- 
 ticle of the treaty of Paris : that he 
 only heard of that treaty at laft 
 through the humanity of an "EngHJb 
 gentleman, after the Prcfidency of 
 Fort Saint George threatened to reduce 
 him the Nabob to a mere nominal Na- 
 bob like himvi Bengal; that the Com- 
 pany's fervants, availing themfelves of 
 the Nabob's ignorance of the treaty, 
 and of his want of accefs to the juftice of 
 the Britijh government and nation, 
 prefled and opprefled him as avarice or 
 other paffions prevailed ; that they en- 
 F a tered
 
 [ 36 ] 
 
 tered into a war without his confent, 
 but in his name, and charged him with 
 the expences of it as his war : that he 
 was thus expofed to a double misfor- 
 tune, his country being ravaged by the 
 enemy, and being forced to extort from 
 his exhaufled fubjecls fuch fums as the 
 fervants of the Company chofe to charge 
 him with on account of their maflers : 
 that the Nabob, worn out by oppref- 
 fions, and haralTed by extortions, refolv- 
 ed to convey his complaints to the ears 
 of his protedor and the guarantee of his 
 dominions, his Majefty the King of 
 Great Britain : that he wrote a letter 
 to the Earl of Chatham, then his Majef- 
 ty *s Minifter, and who had correfpond- 
 ed with him the Nabob, as an ally of 
 Great Britain, ten years before : that, 
 in confequence of his letter, his Majef- 
 ty was pleafed to appoint an ambafia- 
 
 dor,
 
 t 37 1 
 
 dor, under the Great Seal, to inquire in- 
 to the grievances of the Nabob on the 
 fpot: that the inferior and fubordinate 
 rulers of provinces and diftricts of 'The 
 Carnatic, perceiving that the Nabob's 
 authority was invaded by the Company's 
 fervants, became refractory, difobedient, 
 and treacherous, evading their annual 
 tribute, refufing their military fervices, 
 correfponding with rebels, and abetting 
 enemies : that the moft rich, and con- 
 fequently the moft powerful, the Rajah 
 of Tanjore, though highly favoured in V 
 an agreement made in the year 1762, 
 became, perhaps, upon that very account, 
 the leaft attentive to his duty, and the 
 moft obftinate in his public and confti- 
 tutional delinquency : that, fmall as the 
 tribute was which he agreed to pay by 
 that treaty, he evaded the payment of 
 it by various and falfe pretences : that 
 
 he 
 
 35
 
 t 38 ] 
 
 he encouraged and correfponded with 
 the rebel Jfoph Cawn : that he abetted 
 the invafion of Hyder Ali y and gave him 
 money and provisions for his army : that 
 he invited/^ Mahrattas to theCarnatlc, 
 and carried on intrigues with the differ- 
 ent European factories and fet elements 
 on the Coaft: that he refufed to perform 
 his military fervices when war was in 
 the country, though bound to give it 
 upon the requifition of the fuperior : 
 that as a proof of his connivance with 
 V Hyder Alll, that chief, when fuperior in 
 the field, infifted upon his being includ- 
 ed as his friend in the treaty which he 
 forced upon the fervants of the Company 
 \ at the gates of Madras: that he refufed 
 to pay his proportion of the expences of 
 the war, though pofTcfled of a very am- 
 pk revenue, and his country being fi- 
 tuated in the very heart of the Carnatic^ 
 
 he
 
 [ 39 ] 
 
 he was protected from all danger by the 
 exertions of the Nabob and the Englifo 
 nation : that the conduft of this Rajah 
 was altogether inexcufable/ will appear 
 from the following fads : that the part 
 of the Carnatic which is called Tanjore 
 is, as has been juft mentioned, furround- 
 cd on three fides by the reft of the Car- 
 natic: that the fertility of the country / 
 depends on the river Cavery, which, 
 contrary to its natural courfe, is forced 
 into the province of I'anjore, by a 
 mound of earth, in a place beyond its 
 limits : that from that circumftance, 
 and others unnecefTary to be named, 7tf- 
 jore has been always dependent on its 
 neighbours: that when a Hindoo fove- 
 reign reigned over the Carnatic, the 
 Naigs of 'Tanjore were his feudatories, 
 vaflals, and fubjects : that when the /"*** 
 Hindoo empire declined, it became a 
 
 part
 
 [ 40 ] 
 
 part of the conqueft of the Patan king- 
 doms of the Decani and that when 
 trouble and invafions directed their 
 forces and attention to another quarter, 
 'Tanjore, never intended, by its fituation 
 and nature, to be a feparate government, 
 became dependent on the Rajahs of 
 1'ritchinopoly : that in the years of the 
 Chriftian sera 1686 and 1687, that 
 great, wife, and fortunate king of the 
 Moguls t the illuftrious Allumgeer, hav- 
 ing reduced the kingdoms of The Decan, 
 became fovereign of T^he Carnatic : that 
 Allumgeer, having conftituted one of his 
 'nobles T^ulphuear Cawn Bebauder Nabob 
 of Arcot and The Carnatic, ordered him 
 to reduce the.Naig of Tanjore, who had 
 raifed troubles by abetting the defigns 
 of the enemies of the king : that when 
 the faid Nabob was on his march to dif- 
 place the Naig, the faid Naig made the 
 
 moft
 
 t 41 ] 
 
 fcioft humble 'fubmiflions to him the 
 Nabob as his immediate fuperior : that, 
 ill confequence of his fubmiffion, he 
 was reftored to his government, upon 
 the ufual termfi given to feudatories and 
 vafTals ; that is, upon paying an annual 
 tribute of .. 300,000. befides perform- 
 ing military fervice, with all his forces: 
 that to the faid Naig, v/hofe name was * 
 Sabu'je, fucceeded Sburfa-je ; and to 
 him Babu'Saheb, both of whom paid 
 their annual tribute, performed their 
 military fervices, befides paying the 
 ufual fine of fucceffion upon their refpeo 
 tive ihveftitures to their immediate liege 
 Lord, the Nabob of Arcot : that, after 
 fome troubles, which were fettled and 
 compofed by the decifion of the Divan, 
 or Council of the Nabob of 'The Car~ 
 natic, Sahit-je, the fecond of the name, 
 became Rajah, by the commiffion, 
 G creation,
 
 t 4* ] 
 
 creation, and inveftiture of the faid 
 Nabob : that Sabn~je, becoming difobe- 
 dient and refractory, was afterwards im- 
 prifoned by his liege Lord Sepadar Ali, 
 Nabob of Arcot, who made his own 
 preceptor, Sheik Ajfud, Governor of 
 ^Tan/ore: that, in troubles which fol- 
 lowed, Sahii-je was again reftored ; but, 
 being a fecond time deprived of Tan/ore, 
 V one Pertaub Sing was raifed to the dig- 
 nity of Rajah, by Saned of Abdalla 
 Cawn, Nabob of Ihe Carnatic > in 
 which he was afterwards confirmed by 
 the Nabob Anwar id Dien Cawn, the 
 father of the prefent Nabob : that Per- 
 taub Sing becoming negligent in paying 
 his tribute, and otherwife refractory, 
 Anwar ul Dien Cawn Nabob of The 
 Carnatic, was obliged to march againfl 
 him, and, having defeated and chaftifcd 
 him, received him to his protection, 
 
 upon
 
 C 43 J 
 
 opon paying his arrears, and the ex- 
 pence of the expedition : that the En- 
 glijh Company's Government fired their 
 guns, and made other demonftrations of v 
 joy, when they heard of the Nabob's 
 victory over his vaflal, and congratulat- 
 ed him in an addrefs on that victory : 
 that when the Nabob was unfortunately 
 killed in battle by the French , and other 
 rebels, in July 1749, much trouble en- 
 fued in he Carnatic : that a war being 
 Kindled, in which the French affifted a 
 falfe Nabob, and the Englijh, as good 
 fubjects of the Empire, having flood 
 forth in fupport of the legalNabob, his 
 prefent Highnefs of The Carnatic, Per- ^j 
 taub Sing, proved falfe to his immediate 
 Lord : that he evaded the payment of 
 his annual tribute, and refufed com- 
 pliance upon requifition of the military 
 fervices, he was bound to perform by 
 G a the
 
 [ 4* 1 
 
 the nature of his tenure : that he fecret- 
 ly abetted the French, and correfponded 
 with their rulers, whijft he amufed, 
 betrayed, and deceived, his Lord Para- 
 mount, and his friends the Eng/iJ/j: 
 that by thefe means he faved his reve- 
 nue, aqd became rich, and thus, by 
 his influence or his power, induced the 
 JLnglifh Prefidency to make the faid 
 treaty of 1762 : that, however, the 
 
 */ treaty of 1762 related only to matters 
 of account, and the future amount of 
 the annual peiihcufh, or tribute ; and 
 that, confequently, it left the conftitu- 
 tional rights of the Nabob over 'Tanjore 
 
 l\ unimpaired and entire : that Pertaub 
 Sing dying in December 1763, his fon 
 Tulja-je, in confequence of the Nabob's 
 promife to the father, was raifed by 
 faned and inveftiture to the Putt of 
 
 A faajore, upon paying the ufual fine of 
 
 fuccffion
 
 [ 45 ] 
 
 fuccefljon to his Lord : that the firft aft 
 of his power was to aflaffinate all his 
 legitimate male relations, making him- ?y 
 felf the laft of his family : that he was 
 as perfidious, and more abandoned than 
 his father, was guilty of every public 
 breach of duty, allegiance, and faith : 
 that the Directors of the Eajl India 
 Company were fo much offended at his 
 condud, that they fent pofitive orders 
 to their fervants at Madras to afiift the 
 Nabob in bringing the faid Tulja-je, his 
 vaffal, to a fevere account, for his mul- 
 tiplied delinquencies : that thofe orders 
 were not executed by the prefidency of 
 Port Saint George, on account of the po- 
 litical ftate of the furrounding powers 
 when the orders arrived, the Nabob 
 himfelf being unwilling to drive matters 
 to any extremity on the fame account : 
 jhaj: the Rajah, continuing a fyftem of 
 
 delinquency,
 
 [ 4 3 
 
 delinquency, prefumed to take up arms 
 againft his neighbours and fellow vaf- 
 fals, the fubjefts and dependents of the 
 Nabob : that the Englifo Prefidency, as 
 well as the Nabob, when they remon- 
 flrated againft the conduct of Tu/ja-je, 
 were treated by him with inattention, 
 infolence, and contempt : that the Na- 
 bob and the Prefidency, were obliged, 
 through neceflity, to have recourfe to 
 arms : that their troops, in conjunction 
 with the eldeft fon of the Nabob, at- 
 tacked and befieged T'arjore, and, a 
 breach being made, the Rajah agreed to 
 terms eqaally difTatisfadtory to the Na- 
 bob and to the Prefidency : that the be- 
 fiegers had fcarce removed their troops 
 from the fight of the Rajah, when he 
 began, or rather renewed, his connection 
 with Hyder and the Mabrattas, then the 
 -enemies of the Carnatlc : that he con- 
 tinued
 
 C 47 1 
 
 tinued his intrigues with the French, 
 Dutch, and Danes: that he not only 
 left unperformed the articles of his late 
 agreement, but broke the treaty of 
 1762, by evading the payment of his 
 tribute, the fettlement of accounts, and 
 the amount of the annual tribute, being 
 the fole objects of that treaty : that, 
 while he refufed to pay his juft peifh- 
 cufh to his fuperior, he aided the ene- 
 mies of that fuperior with money, pro- 
 vifions, and every fpecies of affiftance, 
 to induce and enable them to invade the 
 Carnatic : that the Prefidency of Fort 
 Saint George, urged by the neceffity of 
 preventing the dangerous efforts of the 
 Rajah in the very heart of the Carnatic, 
 again joined their forces with thofe of 
 the Nabob, to chaftife, and, (hould he 
 prove obftinate, to reduce entirely this 
 refractory and hoftile vaiTal : that know- 
 ing
 
 [ 43 ] 
 
 irig the tenure of the Company in the 
 country, and that they had no right to 
 interfere but as guardians of the public 
 fafety, they folemnly declared that they 
 only a&ed as auxiliaries in the expedi- 
 tion : that they ftipulated the conqueft, 
 if any conqueil mould be made, mould 
 belong to, and be put in pofTeffion 
 of, the Nabob, the principal in the 
 war : that accordingly the expence of 
 the expedition mould be paid by him, 
 as he only was to derive any benefit 
 from the fuccefs which might follow : 
 that the capital and the country mould 
 remain in his hands, in the double ca* 
 pacity of conqueror and Lord Para- 
 mount, for that as the Company did not 
 appear as principals in the war, they had 
 no claim to the rewards of vidtory : that 
 under fuch ftipulations, and many others 
 of a fimilar kind, too tedious to men- 
 tion 9
 
 [ 49 ] 
 
 tion, the united forces of the Nabob 
 and the Company, took Tanjore, the ca- 
 pital of the province of that name: 
 that the Rajah, having alienated a part of 
 the country to the Dutch, without the 
 knowledge or confent of his liege Lord, 
 the Prefidency declared that their duty 
 would not be fully performed, without 
 placing the country, as well as the ca- 
 pital, in the hands of the Nabob : that 
 the Nabob, to prevent the effufion of 
 blood, and every pretence of a difference 
 between the Engli/h and Dutch, agreed 
 to pay to the latter the money which 
 they had advanced to the Rajah, or pre- 
 tended to have advanced, for the diftri&s 
 in their pofleffion : that thus the pro- 
 vince of Tanjore, independent of his 
 rights as fuperior, became the undoubted 
 property of the Nabob, as the acknow- 
 ledged and undeniable principal in a /\ 
 H war,
 
 C 5 J 
 
 war, which terminated in conqueft, the 
 moft indifputable and irreverfible title 
 that can be acquired by the law of na- 
 ture and nations : that Tanjore, thus ac- 
 quired, remained and flouriilied in the 
 hands of the Nabob for more than two 
 years : that the Company, fwayed by 
 motives different from any adherence to 
 juflice, or public faith, interfered with 
 the moft facred rights of their fuperior 
 in The Carnatic* and reflored as princi- 
 / pals a conqueft, in the making of which- 
 they were paid as mercenaries : that, 
 with innumerable aggravations of injuf- 
 tice, they took to themfelves the very 
 diftridts which the Nabob had redeemed, 
 with a large fum, from the Dutch, and 
 that fo regardlefs were they of the 
 fmalleft conftitutional rights of the Lord 
 Paramount, that they took no care for 
 the discharging of the fmall tribute fti- 
 
 ''pulated
 
 pulated by the treaty of 1762 : that the 
 flagrant breach of the public faith, made 
 by the restoration of Tanjore, was fol- 
 lowed by various and grievous encroach- 
 ments on the remaining rights of the 
 Nabob : that he was ftript of all dignity 
 and authority among his fubjecls, by 
 being denied the freedom of entertaining 
 a few troops for enforcing the laws, and 
 protecting his perfon : that, contrary to 
 the privilege of a Prince and Sovereign, 
 his family and fervants have been wan- 
 tonly infulted by the operation of the 
 Company's law court within his territo- 
 ries, and even within his refidence : 
 that, contrary to the laws of nations, 
 'The Carnatic has been involved in war, 
 without either the confent or participa- 
 tion of its Sovereign ; and that he was 
 obliged to pay a very large portion of the 
 expence : that although the province of 
 H 2 Tanjore
 
 Tanjore yields a great revenue, and 
 ought to yield more, no proportion of 
 he expences of the war was demanded 
 of the Rajah : that, when peace was 
 concluded in The Carnatic, the name of 
 the Nabob, the Sovereign of the coun- 
 try, was not mentioned in the treaty : 
 while, to add to this fevere indignity, 
 the names of fome of his vafTals and de- 
 pendents were inferted, and their in- 
 terefts included in that treaty: that al- 
 though the war was not the Nabob's 
 war, to manifeft his attachment to the 
 Englifo interefts, he agreed to affign his 
 revenue towards maintaining it into the 
 hands of the Company's fervants, upon 
 certain ftipulations and condition , and for 
 a time limited : that as foon as the collec- 
 tion of the revenue came into the hands of 
 the Company's fervants, they feized the 
 whole authority of the Nabob, who was 
 
 thereby
 
 [ S3 ] 
 
 thereby difgraced in the eyes of his 
 fubjecls, and all the powers of India : 
 that, although the Nabob was feverely 
 aggrieved by fuch invafion and oppref- 
 fion, the Company were not benefited 
 by the meafure, the country yielding 
 much lefs under the new collectors, 
 than it had done to the Nabob: that 
 the Nabob, and his family, and depend- 
 ants, were reduced to want and dif- 
 trefs by the fmallnefs and irregularity of 
 the payment of the portion allotted for 
 his fubfiftence $ and that he languished 
 for feveral years under the indignity and 
 preflure of his misfortunes : that, when 
 peace was eftablifhed between the crowns 
 of Great Britain and France, his Sacred 
 Majefty the King of Great Britain 
 agreed to intercede with his ally the 
 Nabob for the ceffion of additional ter- 
 ritories to the French on the Coaft : that, 
 notwithftanding
 
 [ 54 ] 
 
 notwithftanding this implied intercef- 
 * fion, confiderable diftrifts of the Carna- 
 tic were delivered to the French by the 
 Prefidency of Fort Saint George, with- 
 out afking either the confent or acquief- 
 cence of the Nabob : that orders were 
 ' fcnt from England in 1784, which ar- 
 / rived in June 1785, to reftore his 
 country and revenue to the Nabob : 
 that in thefe orders it was mentioned, 
 that the Nabob mould confent to pay 
 annually twelve lacks of pa-godas to his 
 public and private creditors : that the 
 government of Fort Saint George de- 
 manded four lacks of pagodas more for 
 the current expences, in all fixteen lacks 
 of pagodas : that the Nabob complained 
 cf the burden of this fum, as too great 
 for the ability of his country, frefh from 
 the devaftations of war : that he fig- 
 nified his wiChes, as the public expence 
 
 of
 
 [ 55 ] 
 
 of defence muft of neceffity be defrayed, . 
 to have his annual payments of debts 
 leflened, from which little inconve- 
 nience would arife, as it would be only 
 extending the payment of a debt, for 
 which intereft would be regularly given, 
 to a imall portion of time, beyond what 
 was originally intended : that this would 
 give eafe to the diftrefled fubjects of the 
 Carnatic, and enable the Sovereign to 
 reftore the country to its former prof- 
 perity, by encouraging the cultivation : 
 that orders, which muft be allowed to 
 be founded on the principles of equity, 
 were fent to the Presidency of Fort Saint 
 George, that the Company, in the pro- 
 portion to the revenue on the Coaft, 
 ihould pay their fhare of the public ex- 
 pence : that, on this principle, the Na- 
 bob's proportion, under a wrong eftimate 
 of his revenue, was calculated at nine \/ 
 
 lacks
 
 [ 56 ] 
 
 V lacks of pagodas : that this fum, added 
 to the twelve lacks paid to his public 
 and private creditors, increafed his an- 
 A nual kifts to twenty-one lacks of pago- 
 das : that his nett receipts, even in the 
 very beft years, and in the moft prof- 
 perous times, feldom amounted to that 
 fum : that they had fallen much below 
 that amount, through the devaftations 
 of war, and a general and deftrudtive 
 drought : that the kifts, ftipulated to 
 be paid to the Company, are far from 
 being the whole of the expences of the 
 Nabob : that to keep his country from 
 abfolute ruin, he muft maintain public 
 works, repair tanks and water courfes, 
 and give money to the poor ryots, to 
 enable them to cultivate their lands : 
 that he is bound, by every tye, to pay 
 fums, for charitable ufes, to fupport his 
 relations and their families, together 
 
 with
 
 t 57 1 
 
 with the old fervants and dependents of 
 himfelf and his father : that, befides, 
 he is obliged to fupport fome kind of 
 decent kind of dignity, as Prince of the 
 country, and to maintain a numerous 
 family of children : that the funda- 
 mental laws, on which the rights of the 
 Nabob of the Carnatic are founded, are 
 deeply affected with refpect to the 
 jagbire and diftrict of Arm : that Zul- 
 pbucar Cawn Bahauder, Nabob of the 
 Carnatic, confirmed one Canary Rom 
 in that jaghire on the ufual conditions : 
 that the laid Canary Row was to take 
 care of, and to keep the fort in repair, 
 to pay monthly the garrifon, to fend 
 their receipts to the King's office as 
 vouchers, to treat the foldiers with kind- 
 nefs, and to pay every attention to their 
 rights, to engage their fidelity and at- 
 tachment to the King: that the faid 
 I Conary
 
 Canary Row mould pay a yearly peim- 
 cum into the King's Treafury : and, in 
 the event of a war in the Carnatic, to 
 pay his mare of the expences thereof, 
 in proportion to the revenue of the 
 jaghire, as fettled by the Nabob of the 
 King : <c that, in cafe he mould adt con- 
 " trary to thofe duties, he muft look 
 " uponhimfelf as difpofTefled, and under 
 " the difpleafure of the King :" that 
 during the troubles, which infefted the 
 Curnatic for feveral years, the Killedar 
 of Ami took advantage of the misfor- 
 tunes of the times, by withdrawing his 
 obedience : that he opprefTed the people 
 of the jaghire, being under no, appre- 
 henfion of controul : that he attacked 
 his neighbours and fellow fubjecls, and 
 gave protection to robbers, murderers, 
 and all criminals who fled from juftice: 
 that he was guilty of all the crimes that 
 
 conftitute
 
 [ 59 1 
 
 conftitute public delinquency, in the 
 eyes of any regular government : that 
 the prefidency of Fort Saint George con- 
 curred in opinion with the Nabob, as 
 to the expediency of removing the Kille- / 
 dar : that he was accordingly deprived 
 of his command, and the military fti- 
 pend, arifing from the jaghire, was 
 taken away, but that he and his family 
 were provided with an allowance, for 
 an honourable fubfiftence : that, not- x 
 withftanding the concurrence of the 
 Prefidency in depriving fo dangerous a 
 man of power, they reftored to him 
 the emoluments formerly allotted for 
 the military fervice of the flate: that V 
 the fort and its expence were left to 
 the Nabob, and the whole revenue 
 given to the Killedar and his friends : 
 that an ample revenue, received with- 
 out deduction, promoted difputes and 
 I 2 diffentions
 
 difTentions among themfelves : that the 
 circles of trouble fpreading to the neigh- 
 bouring country, the fervants of the 
 Company, as well as the Nabob, were 
 alarmed : that the Prefidency accord- 
 ingly gave their advice and concurrence 
 
 \j to the Nabob in refuming the jaghire : 
 that the Nabob accordingly returned it, 
 and paid a monthly allowance to the 
 Killedar and his family, till Hyder AH, 
 having ravaged Arm, with other parts 
 of the Carnatic, in the year 1780, de- 
 prived it of all refources : that Arni> 
 with the reft of the Carnatic, fell under 
 the management of the fervants of the 
 Company by the deed of alignment : 
 that when the reft of the Carnatic was 
 
 / reftored to the Nabob, Ami was not 
 reftored : that fuch condudt is an unjuf- 
 tifiable interference with the independent 
 rights of the Nabob : that, befides his 
 
 lofs
 
 [ 6i ] 
 
 lofs of revenue, he is difhonoured, by 
 the meafure, in the eyes of India; as 
 the nature of things, as well as the mat- 
 ter of fa<t, proves, that the Killedar 
 could not poffibly have been permitted 
 to have any indefeafible right, in a place 
 within a few miles of the capital of The 
 Carnatic : that on the 31 ft of January , 
 1787, 'fulga-ge, Rajah of ^anjore, died, 
 leaving none exiftingof the legitimate 
 line of his family : that the Nabob, as 
 Lord Paramount of the country, made a 
 requifi tion to the Company's governments 
 in India, to place Tanjore under his ad- 
 miniftration, according to the univerfal 
 laws of the eaft : that the view of the ^S 
 Nabobs's requifition was, not only the 
 prefervation of the undoubted and indif- 
 putable rights of his government and 
 fovereignty, but to fecure the peace of 
 The Carnatic^ which nature intended, 
 
 and
 
 [ ,6a ] 
 
 and policy required, mould be under one 
 government : that, adding advantage to 
 juftice, the Nabob made propofals, 
 which could not fail to render the af- 
 fairs of the Engliftj nation, on the coaft, 
 profperous : that the whole revenue of 
 'Tanjore is eftimated, at prefent, at no 
 more than ten lacks of pagodas ; which 
 may juftly be afcribed to the loofe, pro- 
 fligate, and oppreffive government of 
 the country, after it was unjuftly 
 vvrefted from the hands of the Na- 
 bob, in 1776: that the Company 
 only receive, out of that fum, four 
 lacks of pagodas, for the general de- 
 V fence : that the Nabob propofed, that 
 the whole revenue of Tanjore (after de- 
 fraying the charges of collection, and 
 providing fuch a reafonable fubfiftence 
 for the remains of Tulja-jes family, as 
 the Company's government mould think 
 
 proper),
 
 proper) fhould be appropriated, and 
 
 fet apart, for the military fervice of 
 Carnatic : that to render this offer more 
 determinate and explicit, the Nabob 
 engaged to realize, the firft year eleven 
 lacks j the fecond year thirteen lacks ; 
 and from the third year fifteen lacks of 
 pagodas annually, to be paid to the ^ 
 Company, and to be applied to the ge- 
 neral expence : that this laft mentioned 
 fum is one third more than the whole 
 eftimated revenue of the country at pre- 
 fent; and near four times as much as 
 the Company now receive from Tianjore> 
 towards the public defence : that the 
 Company's governments acceding to the 
 Nabob's propofals would perfectly fecure 
 T[he Carnatic from all foreign invaiion : 
 that the public finances would flourim, 
 and the army be formidable : that the 
 Company, inflead of being almoft def- 
 
 titute
 
 [ 64 ] 
 
 titute of commerce, as at prefent, might 
 apply their whole revenue, amounting 
 to near twenty lacks of pagodas, to the 
 purpofes of inveftment : that a fubjecl: 
 of fuch importance will prove an excufo 
 for repetitions, that the Nabob is the 
 Sovereign and Lord Paramount of 'Tan- 
 jure, which was left without heirs, by 
 the death of Tulja-je : that, by the laws 
 of India, and thofe of all countries in 
 the world where the feudal government 
 \j etfifts, a territory left without heirs re- 
 verts to the fovereign : that the Eajl 
 India Company are no more than fubjects 
 in Kindofian: that in Bengal they are 
 Dewans $ but only Jaghirdars in The Car" 
 natic : that neither as Dewans of Bengal^ 
 which country hath nothing to do with 
 The Carnatic; nor as Jaghirdars on the 
 coaft, where their very tenure marks 
 them as fubjeds, they have the fmalleft 
 
 Shadow
 
 C 6 5 ] 
 
 fhadow of a title to interfere with the 
 conftitutional rights of their Lord Para- 
 mount : that, however, the conftitu- V 
 tional rights of the Nabob, with refpect 
 to Tanjore, were overlooked or neglected : 
 that the offers of an immenfe advantage 
 to the Company and Brifi/h nation were 
 difregarded : that a natural fon of the 
 late Pertaub Sing, who had been more 
 than twelve years a prifoner* was placed 
 in the government of Tanjore : that 
 neither a faned of fucceffion, nor an 
 invefliture were either afked from, nor 
 given by, the Nabob 3 without which 
 no legal government can poflibly exift in 
 Tanjore: that, thus the Nabob is griev* /\ 
 oufly injured, in his neareft, deareft, 
 and mod facred rights : that the Com- 
 pany and Britifh nation are much injured 
 in point of finance : that an example of 
 encroachment is exhibited to the eyes of 
 K all
 
 [ 66 ] 
 
 all India-, and a government eftablimed, 
 in one of its provinces, which, having 
 its foundation on no right, cannot dif- 
 penfe juftice, the great end of all go- 
 vernment : that, when the treaty of Fe- 
 bruary 1787, was negotiating between 
 the Nabob and the Madras government, 
 he reprefented to them, that the fums 
 demanded from him were of fuch a vaft 
 magnitude as he was fully convinced his 
 country was by no means able to bear ; 
 V and Governor Campbell, in conlequence 
 of the Nabob's reprefentations, agreed, 
 in a public letter, previous to the exe- 
 cution of the treaty, that an abatement 
 of two lacks of pagodas per annum 
 
 Afhould be made in his kifts, if the reve- 
 nues were formed unequal to the pay- 
 ment : that the Company's fervants have 
 refufed to allow him this annual abate- 
 ment, though the Nabob offered to fub- 
 
 mit
 
 mit the accounts of his receipts to the 
 infpection of fuch perfons as the Go- 
 vernor and Council mould think proper 
 to appoint for that purpofe : that by the 
 faid treaty of 1787, it was ftipulated, 
 that in the event of any failure in the V 
 kifts from the want of rain, or other 
 unforefeen calamities, a deduction mould 
 be made to the extent of the injury 
 which the revenues might thereby fuf- 
 tain : that the Company's fervants have 
 alfo refufed to conform to this ftipula- / 
 tion, and to allow him any deduction in 
 his kifts on account of failure in his re- 
 venues from the want of rain, though it 
 was well known to them that they had 
 fuffered in a very great degree from an 
 unufual drought of four fucceflive years, v 
 and their own jaghire had fuffered 
 greatly from the fame caufe, and for 
 which they had granted remiffion to V 
 K 2 their
 
 
 [ 68 ] 
 
 their own renters : that by the fame 
 treaty it was agreed and ftipulated, that 
 the Nabob mould be furnimed annually 
 with an accurate account, (hewing the 
 number of troops maintained, and the 
 names and fituations of the garrifons 
 fupported by the annual contributions, 
 and particularly the troops and garrifons 
 maintained by the nine lacks of pagodas 
 annually contributed by his Highnefs to 
 the general defence : that it is now up- 
 wards of three and a half years fince the 
 execution of that treary, yet the Nabob 
 has not been furnifhed with any account 
 whatever, not even of the dividends 
 made to his private creditors j and though 
 be is to pay nearly one half of the ex- 
 pences of the late war in 'The Carnatic, 
 and the Company receive yearly about 
 four lacks of pagodas under that head, 
 yet they will not aicertain the quantum 
 
 of
 
 t 69 ] 
 
 of thofe expences, or furnifh him with 
 any account to (hew when his payments j 
 therein are to have an end : that, by the 
 1 5th article of the aforefaid treaty, it is 
 alfo ftipulated, that, whenever the Com- 
 pany (hall enter into any negotiations, 
 wherein the interefts of Ihe Carnatk 
 and its dependencies, may be concerned, 
 the Prefident in Council of Fort Saint 
 George {ball communicate the proceed- 
 ings to his Highnefs the Nabob of the 
 Carnatic, as the firm ally of the Com- 
 pany, and that he (hall be informed of 
 all meafures which ihall relate to the 
 declaring of war, or making peace 
 with any of the Princes of Hindoftan, 
 fo far as the interefts of The Carnatic 
 may be immediately concerned therein ; 
 and the name of his Highnefs fhall be 
 inferted in all treaties regarding The 
 
 Carnatic :
 
 [ 70 ] 
 
 Carnatic : that great preparations for 
 war were made for feveral months to- 
 gether, and negotiations entered into 
 with the Nizam and the Mahratta 
 States, and treaties finally made with 
 thofe powers by the Company's Govern- 
 ments in India : that fo far from con- 
 forming to that article of the treaty, 
 the Nabob was not informed of any 
 of the proceedings regarding thofe 
 negotiations, until after they had 
 been concluded, and the treaties ex- 
 ecuted, and even then no further than 
 being furnimed with copies of the trea- 
 ties with the Nizam and ,the Mabrattas, 
 in which neither his name nor T^be Car- 
 natlc are fo much as mentioned : that 
 the army has been aflembled, and hofti- 
 lities have been commenced againfl 
 tfippoo, for feveral months part, with- 
 out
 
 [ 7i J 
 
 out giving the Nabob any information 
 relative to the operations of the war, 
 though he is expected to pay nearly one 
 half the expence thereof: that the grain v 
 of his country, in which the greateft 
 part of his revenues confifts, the plough- 
 ing cattle, and the hufbandmen, were 
 feized for the ufe of the army, whereby 
 he was deprived of the means of realiz- 
 ing the actual refources of his country : /^ 
 that, after having taken thefe fteps, the 
 Company's Government at Madras drew 
 up an incorrect and unjuft account 
 againft the Nabob, by fuppreifing the 
 reduction to be made on the new ar- 
 rangement and the allowance to be 
 granted by treaty for failure of crops in 
 bad feafons, whereby they made appear 
 a large balance in favour of the Com- 
 pany, and, without fo much as com- ' 
 
 paring
 
 t 7* ] 
 
 paring it with the Nabob's ftatement, 
 thus tranfmitted it to the Government 
 General of Bengal, which was thereby 
 erroncoufly led to order the fequeftra- 
 tion of his country : that, in direct breach 
 of the aforefaid treaty of 1787, and in 
 defiance of the laws of nations, they 
 carried the faid orders of the Govern- 
 ment General into the mod rigorous ex- 
 ecution, feized the Administration of 
 his country by force of arms, commit- 
 ted acts of barbarity towards many of 
 his principal fervants and fubjects, men 
 of family and diftinction, throughout 
 the countries, and, in the face of all the 
 Princes and powers, and the European 
 nations, in India, in the face of his ene-* 
 mies, and of his own fubjects and de- 
 pendants, have indelibly injured his ho- 
 nour, infulted his dignity, and reduced 
 
 him
 
 [ 73 ] 
 
 him to the mere ftiadow of the Prince 
 of T6e Carnatic: that the Nabob has v 
 now been the moft faithful and fledfaft 
 ally of the Eng/i/b nation, during a pe- 
 riod of near fifty years : that he has 
 gone hand in hand with them at all 
 times of adverfity as well as profperity, 
 and has devoted his whole life and for- 
 tune to their welfare : that, after all, 
 inftead of enjoying repofe and tranquil- 
 lity which he had expected would have 
 been the reward of his long and faithful 
 attachment to the Englifh nation, his 
 latter days are embittered with aggra- 
 vated misfortune and affliction, and his 
 grey hairs treated with deriiion and con- 
 tempt : that there are many other griev- 
 ances under which the Nabob labours, 
 but which the eftablifhing a general 
 line, that muft not be tranfgrefled, will 
 L remove :
 
 C 74 1 
 
 remove : that, in fetting forth thegriev-* 
 aaces he has explained, he has avoided 
 to accufe or blame individuals : that re- 
 drefs is his objecl, and not revenge; and 
 that, content with receiving juftice for 
 the future, he wants no retribution for 
 paft injuries : that he is willing to afcribe 
 fome public encroachments upon his 
 rights to the Company's being ignorant 
 of the limits of their own ; and far be 
 it from his heart to lay to the charge of a 
 great nation, whom he efteems, ad- 
 mires, and loves, thofe enormities, en- 
 croachments, and oppreffions, which 
 paffiohs of various kinds have fuggefted 
 to individuals : that the Nabob of The 
 Carnatic fends this his Petition to the 
 Honourable the Commons of Great 
 Britain in Parliament aflembled, as the 
 Company of Merchants of England 
 
 trading
 
 t 75 1 
 
 trading to ^he Eafl Indies^ and their 
 concerns, are peculiarly under their in- 
 fpeftion and controul; and therefore 
 praying the Houfe to take the premifes 
 into their confideration, and to do in 
 them as to the Houfe (hall feem fit. 
 
 FINIS.
 
 27 35
 
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