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 THE LIBRARY 
 
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 VOYAGERS' TALES.
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 FROM THE LIBRARY OF 
 ERNEST CARROLL MOORE
 
 Vo yagers' Tales 
 
 FROM THE O '1 I-E TI '■ 
 
 RICHARD HAKLUYT 
 
 Edited by 
 PROF. HENRY MORLEY 
 
 EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 lit ,STi>N 
 \k\v York Chi<;ai;'j San ira.v;isco

 
 r. 
 
 INTEODUOTION. 
 
 Kiciiakd Hakluyt, notwithstanding the Dutch 
 look of his name, was of a good British stock, 
 from Wales or the Welsh borders. At the be- 
 ginning of the fourteenth century an ancestor of 
 his, Hugo Hakelute, sat in Parliament as member 
 for Leominster. 
 
 Richard Hakluyt, born about five years before 
 the accession of Queen Elizabeth, was a boy at 
 Westminster School, when visits to a cousin in the 
 Middle Temple, also a Richard Hakluyt, first 
 planted in him an enthusiasm for the study of 
 adventure towards a wider use and knowledge of 
 the globe we live upon. As a student at Christ 
 Church, Oxford, all his leisure was spent on the 
 collection and reading of accounts of voyage and 
 adventure. He graduated as D.A. in 1574, as 
 M.A. in 1577, and lectured publicly upon geo- 
 graphy, showing "both the old imperfectly com- 
 posed, and the new lately reformed maps, globes, 
 spheres, and other instruments of this art" 
 
 4 Arvi.—
 
 INTRUI>i;0'J J'.). - '.". 
 
 in I-'. v 'J Hakluyt, at the ■_■ of aljoul twenty 
 nine, i - ■ tion :" Divers Voyage.- 
 
 r Duelling t * i *_- Lb ■■'•'■ ot A ", ica and the Lancia 
 adjacent unto the same, ma-h- lirst of a 1 by oui 
 Englishmen, and aft"rwards by the Erenchmen 
 and Bretons : and f'ertain Xut« - of A Ivm'tisement- 
 for Observations, n "-i-ssary for such as shall here 
 after make the like Attempt." His researches had 
 already made him tie' ■ friend of tie 
 
 !' UlOUS SOLI Cll] ,t;i !!i~ of I .. . I ; ■' h - P'JLil. Tn 15S-' 
 
 he had taken orders, and went to Paris a- 
 
 .in i" the English ambassador, Sir Edward 
 
 v I. From Paris he returned to England for 
 
 ne, in lo^band laid bi-fore the Queer 
 
 paper n-coiiiim ■:' unsettled 
 
 I ; - A pan iculai 
 
 i . written 
 
 ':>.< the : ; llakbiyt. of < >xford. 
 
 t the f the ri--hl worship 
 
 ful M r. W i hoin ■ 
 
 Ilah-ijh ai d I lakluyt wen 
 
 i 
 
 : >i i*e in A i ■ ri :a by set 
 new d by disji i<-essin_: 
 
 I'US. mi" 'if 1 he M-j i . f Wlllte! 
 
 . who ,,hi n.-d, :. tie- 2."tii of March in 
 '.-. c vi ar, 1 ."i>4. a patent ■_ him to search
 
 INTRODUCTION. 7 
 
 out and take possession of new lands in the Western 
 world. He then fitted out two ships, which left 
 England on the 27th of April, under the command 
 of Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlow. In June 
 they had reached the West Indies, then they sailed 
 north by the coasts of Florida and Carolina, and 
 they had with them two natives when they returned 
 to England in September, 1584. In December 
 Raleigh's patent was enlarged and confirmed, and 
 presently afterwards Raleigh was knighted. 
 
 Richard Ifakluyt's paper, in aid of this begin- 
 ning of the shaping of another England in the 
 New World, was for a long time lost. It was first 
 printed in 1877 at Cambridge, Massachusetts, 
 among the Collections of the Maine Historical 
 Society. It won for its author a promise of the 
 next vacant prebend at Bristol ; the vacancy came 
 about a year later, and the Rev. Richard Hakluyt 
 was admitted to it in 1586. 
 
 Hakluyt remained about five years at Paris as 
 Chaplain to the English Embassy, and while there 
 lie caused the publication in 1586 of an account 
 by Laudonniere of voyages into Florida. This he 
 also translated and published, in London, in 1587, 
 as " A Notable History containing Four Voyages 
 made by certain French Captains into Florida." 
 In 1588 Hakluyt returned to England, and in the
 
 S INTRODUCTION. 
 
 i ext year, 1589, he published in one folio volume 
 "The Principal Navigations, Voyages, and Disco 
 veries of the English Nation." In April of tin 
 next year he became rector of Witheringsett-cum- 
 Ih'ockford, in Suffolk. The full development of 
 his work appeared in three volumes folio in the 
 years 1598, 1599, and 1G00, as "The Principal 
 Navigations, Voyages, Traffics, and Discoveries of 
 the English Nation," the first of these volumes 
 differing materially from the volume that had ap 
 peare 1 in 1 589. 
 
 Ifakluyt became, in May, 1602, prebendary, and 
 in 1003 archdeacon of Westminster. lie was twice 
 married, died uhouf six months after Shakespeare. 
 and was lairh-d in Westminster Abbey on the 20th 
 of November, 1616. 
 
 II. M.
 
 Voyagers' Tales. 
 
 THE WORTHY ENTERPRISE OF 
 JOHN FOX, 
 
 An Englishman, in delivering 2GG Christians oui 
 of the captivity of the Turks at Alexandria, the 
 3rd of January, 1577. 
 
 Among our merchants here in England, it is a com- 
 mon voyage to traffic to Spain ; whereunto a ship 
 called the Three Half Moons, manned with eight 
 and thirty men, well fenced with munitions, the 
 better to encounter their enemies withal, and having 
 wind and tide, set from Portsmouth 1563, and 
 bended her journey towards Seville, a city in Spain, 
 intending there to traffic with them. And falling 
 near the Straits, they perceived themselves to be 
 beset round about with eight galleys of the Turks, 
 in such wise that there was no way for them to 
 f'y or to escape away, but that either they must 
 ,'ield or else be sunk, which the owner perceiving, 
 manfully encouraged his company, exhorting them
 
 VOYAGERS TALES. 
 
 valiantly to show their manhood, showing them that 
 God was tln'h' God, and nut their enemies', request- 
 ing them also not to faint in seeing such a heap of 
 their enemies ready to devour them ; putting them 
 in mind also, tliat if it wore God's pleasure to give 
 them into their enemies' hands, it was not they 
 that ought to show one displea>ant look or counte- 
 nance there against; but to take it patiently, and 
 not to prescribe a day and time for their deliverance, 
 as the ci i i/ens of Bethulia did, but to put themselves 
 tinder His mercy. And again, if it were 1 His mind 
 and good will to show His mighty power by them, 
 if their enemies were ten times so many, tliey were 
 not able to stand in their hands ; putting them, like- 
 wise, in mind of the old and ancient worthiness of 
 their count rymeii, who in the hardest extremities 
 have .,' ..,-. ijjosi prevailed, and gone away com 
 , and a here it lad li be. n almost 
 i- i'ole. " Sneli. (juoih he, " hath been the 
 ,-alian1 .--ss of oui <■■ ntrymen, and such hath been 
 : ' i . ' . '. ■ 
 
 With i Lf' ment -. exhoH ing 
 
 i, fully, tii' 
 their knei rs era fly unto 
 
 Hod; wh<. 
 ''■.• 
 
 was imthiny else but 
 
 i n •>■]» a i iTO'i ved 
 
 '. i i'jns and delijiiiee.s, bent
 
 JOHN FOX. II 
 
 cruelty; whereupon every roan took him to hi.- 
 weapon. 
 
 Then stood up one Grove, the master, being a 
 comely man, with his sword and target, holding 
 them up in detiance against his enemies. So like- 
 wise stood up the owner, the master's mate, boat- 
 swain, purser, and every man well appointed. Now 
 likewise sounded up the drums, trumpets, and 
 flutes, which would have encouraged any man, had 
 he never so little heart or courage in him. 
 
 Then taketh him to his charge John Fox, the 
 gunner, in the disposing of his pieces, in order to 
 the best effect, and, sending his bullets towards 
 the Turks, who likewise bestowed their pieces 
 rhrice as fast towards the Christians. But shortly 
 they drew near, so that the bowmen fell to their 
 charge in sending forth their arrows so thick 
 amongst the galleys, and also in doubling their 
 shot so sore upon the galleys, that there were twice 
 so many of the Turks slain as the number of the 
 Christians were in all. But the Turks discharged 
 twice as fast against the Christians, and so long, 
 that the ship was very sore stricken and bruised 
 under water; which the Turks, perceiving, made 
 ■he more haste to come aboard the ship: which, 
 ere they could do, many a Turk bought it dearly 
 with the loss of their lives. Yet was all in vain,
 
 VOYAGKHS TALKS. 
 
 1 led they were, where tlioy found so hot a 
 skirmish, that it ha<l been hotter they had not 
 meddled with the feast ; fur the Englishmen showed 
 themselves men indeed, in working manfully with 
 their hrown hills and hall ierds, where the owner, 
 master, boatsw ain, and their conij)any stood to it 
 so lustily, that the Turks were half dismayed. But 
 i.-hietlv the boatswain showed himself valiant above 
 the rest, for he fared amongst the Turks like a 
 wood lion ; for there was noi •■ of them that either 
 i or durst .-'and in his face, till at last there 
 came a shot from the Turks which brake his 
 whistle asunder, and smote him on the breast, so 
 that he fell down, bidding them farewell, and to be 
 of good comfort, ■ . likewise, to 
 
 win praise 1 v deal h, rai > :a] itives in 
 
 misery and shame, which they. h"aiim_r. indeed, 
 intended to have done, as it appeared by their 
 skirmish ; bin the pre -re of the Turks 
 
 re not 1 o _' aide ; ; 
 
 ■ ere so over] I, at they could 
 
 wield th'ir weapons, bv rea-'oii whereof thev 
 
 mu-t nc-ds be lakeu, whieh none of th-m intended 
 
 ii , except on!\ 
 
 k ii'inisii, 
 
 the value 
 
 of his name, ) or aeeoiiuting uf the present example
 
 JOHN FOX. 13 
 
 of his fellows, nor having respect to the miseries 
 whereunto he should bo put. But in fine, so it 
 was, that the Turks were victors, whereof they had 
 no great cause to rejoice or triumph. Then would 
 it have grieved any hard heart to see these infidels 
 so violently entreating the Christians, not having 
 any respect of their manhood, which they had 
 i listed of, n<n- yet respecting their own state, how 
 (hey might have met with such a booty as might 
 have given them the overthrow; but no remorse 
 hereof, or anything else doth bridle their tierce and 
 tyrannous dealing, but the Christians must needs 
 to the galleys, to servo in new offices; and they 
 were no sooner in them, but their garments were 
 pulled over their ears, and torn from their backs, 
 and they set to the oars. 
 
 I will make no mention of their miseries, being 
 now under their enemies' raging stripes. I think 
 there is no man will judge their fare good, or their 
 bodies unloaden of stripes, and not pestered with 
 too much heat, and also with too much cold ; but 1 
 will go to my purpose, which is to show the end of 
 those being in mere misery, which continually do 
 call on God with a steadfast hope that He will 
 deliver them, and with a sure faith that He can do 
 it. 
 
 Nigh to the city of Alexandria, being a haven
 
 1 I voyagers' tales. 
 
 town, and under the dominion of the Turks, there 
 is a road, being made very fencible with strong 
 walls, whereinto the Turks do customably bring 
 their galleys on shore, every year, in the winter 
 season, and there do trim them, and lay them up 
 against tie' springtime; in which road there is a 
 prison, wherein the captives and such prisoners as 
 serve in the galleys are put for all that time, until 
 the seas be calm and passable for the galleys, every 
 prisoner being niosl grievously laden with irons on 
 their legs, to their great pain, and sore disabling of 
 them 1o any labour; into which prison were these 
 Christians put and fast warded all the winter 
 season. But ere it was long, the master and the 
 owner, by means of friends, were redeemed, the 
 rest abiding still in the misery, while that they 
 were all, through reason of their ill-usage and worse 
 fare, miserably starved, saving one John Fox, who 
 (as some men can abide harder and more misery 
 than other some can, so can some likewise make 
 more shift, and work more duties to help then- 
 state and living, than other some can do) being 
 somewhat skilful in the craft of a barber, by reason 
 thereof made great shift in helping his fare now 
 and then with a good meal. Insomuch, till at the 
 la i (Joil ■ favour in the sight of the keeper 
 
 of the pri e had leave to go in and out
 
 JOHN POX. 15 
 
 to the road at his pleasure, paying a certain stipend 
 unto the keeper, and wearing a lock about his leg, 
 which liberty likewise five more had upon like 
 sufferance, who, by reason of their long imprison- 
 ment, not being feared or suspected to start aside, 
 or that they would work the Turks any mischief, 
 had liberty to go in and out at the said road, in 
 such manner as this John Fox did, with irons on 
 their legs, and to return again at night. 
 
 In the year of our Lord 1577, in the winter 
 season, the galleys happily coining to their accus- 
 tomed harbourage, and being discharged of all their 
 masts, sails, and other such furnitures as unto 
 galleys do appertain, and all the masters and 
 mariners of them being then nested in their own 
 homes, there remained in the prison of the said 
 road two hundred three score and eight Christian 
 prisoners who had been taken by the Turks' force, 
 and were of fifteen sundry nations. Among which 
 there were three Englishmen, whereof one was 
 named John Fox, of Woodbridgc, in Suffolk, the 
 other William Wickney, of Portsmouth, in the 
 county of Southampton, and the third Robert 
 Moore, of Harwich, in the county of Essex; which 
 John Fox, having been thirteen or fourteen years 
 under their gentle entreatance, and being too 
 weary thereof, minding his escape, weighed with
 
 I»; voyagers' tales. 
 
 himself by what means it mie;htbe brought to pass, 
 md continually pondering with himself thereof. 
 took a good heart unto him. in the Lope that God 
 would not be always scourging His children, and 
 i iever ceasing to pray Ilim to further his intended 
 •nterprise, if that it should redound to His glory. 
 
 Not far from the road, and somewhat from thence. 
 at one side of the city, there was a certain victual- 
 ling house, which one Peter Vuticaro had hired. 
 paying also a certain fee unto the keeper of the 
 road. This Peter Vuticaro was a Spaniard born, 
 and a Christian, and had been prisoner above- 
 thirty years, and never practised any means to 
 escape, but kept himself quiet without touch or 
 suspect of any conspiracy, until that now this 
 .John Fox using much thither, they brake one to 
 another their minds, concerning the restraint of 
 their liberty and imprisonment. So that tin's John 
 Fox, at length opening unto this Vuticaro tin- 
 device which lie would fain pit; in practic. made 
 privy one more to this tin : which three 
 
 debated of this matter at Mich times as they could 
 compass to meet together, insomuch that, at seven 
 weeks' end they had suflicieutly concluded how the 
 
 matter sho ild be, if it pleased fiod to further them 
 reto ; who. mi !:iej privy to this their 
 
 levice, whom they thoi rln-v might safeh
 
 JOHN FOX. 17 
 
 trust, determined in three nights after to accom- 
 plish their deliberate purpose. Whereupon the 
 ame John Fox and Peter Vuticaro, and the other 
 
 live appointed to meet all together in the prison 
 the next day, being the last day of December, where 
 ibis John Fox certified the rest of the prisoners 
 what their intent and device Avas, and bow and 
 when they minded to bring that purpose to pass, 
 who thereunto persuaded them without much ado 
 ro further their device ; which, the same John Fox 
 seeing, delivered unto them a sort of files, which 
 he had gathered together for this purpose by the 
 means of Peter Vuticaro. charging them that every 
 man should be ready, discharged of his irons, by 
 eight of the clock on the next day at night. 
 
 On the next day at night, the said John Fox, 
 ■u id his five other companions, being all come to 
 : he house of Peter Vuticaro, passing the time away 
 ml mirth for fear of suspect till the night came on, 
 -o that it was time for them to put in practice 
 dieir device, sent Peter Vuticaro to the master of 
 die road, in the name of one of the masters of the 
 city, with whom this keeper was acquainted, and 
 at who^e request he also would come at the first; 
 who desired him to take the pains to meet him 
 i here, promising him that he would bring him back 
 igaim The keeper agreed to go with him, asking
 
 lb 
 
 VuYAuKIW TALKS. 
 
 the wai 1>t.h not to bar the ^■■ r >-. srivin: that he 
 would not stay lung. but wuttM eome a^ain with all 
 
 In the mean -f-aso?!. tlie othf-r seven had pro 
 vidci] tli'iii of <■ i' 'i s as tln'\" could get in 
 
 1 hai l;o <•'. and Jo I k him to > <\d rusty 
 
 urn lade without • :' ill or ] >ommel ; which 
 
 he 1 1 1 • . c 1 1 ■ to serve his turn in b>-n lint: the hand end 
 
 - f i!j.- sword in>t"ad of a pommel, and the other 
 
 uch spits ii i s as tliey found in the 
 
 The keejM-r bm'm_ r now conie ~: .. 1r > the In msp, and 
 perceiving no 1 i -lit nor hearing any i > ise. straight- 
 way .suspe.-M-.i ih- mat i'r: and it n ing haekward. 
 JoJ :. Fox, si .■"•_'• unci the coi tier of the hou.-c. 
 
 _ it to be 
 
 .1 I, !'■ .. id, "0 IVw wl • ! deserved oi 
 
 thee that thiii] si . y d'-atli '."' " Thou 
 
 villain/' <| : , ho .. "hast b--rn a bin Jsucker of 
 
 1 ' i i know 
 
 of ten yt-ars' 
 rn.-: . and ■ few ithai 
 
 his hi-ad clave ie fell stark d< ad t" 
 
 the . : und. W ! • :■ >u IVler Vui 
 and ceri - the »■! .. : . 
 
 kc-j .. and I "\ • line piu.s ntiy forth, and some
 
 JOHN FOX. 19 
 
 with their spits ran him through, and the other 
 with their glaves hewed him in sunder, cut off" his 
 head, and mangled him so that no man should dis- 
 cern what he was. 
 
 Then inarched they toward the road, whereinto 
 they entered softly, where were five warders, whom 
 one of them asked, saying, who was there? Quoth 
 Fox and his company, " All friends." Which when 
 they were all within proved contrary; for, quoth ■* 
 Fox, "My masters, here is not to every man a 
 man, wherefore look you. play your parts." Who 
 so behaved themselves indeed, that they had de- 
 spatched these live quickly. Then John Fox, in- 
 tending not to be barren of his enterprise, and 
 minding to work surely in that which lie went 
 about, barred the gate surely, and planted a cannon 
 against it. 
 
 Then entered they into the jailer's lodge, where 
 they found the keys of the fortress and prison by 
 his bedside, and there got they all better weapons. 
 In this chamber was a chest wherein was a rich 
 treasure, and all in ducats, which this Peter 
 Vuticaro and two more opening, stuffed themselves 
 so full as they could, between their shirts and their 
 skin ; which John Fox would not once touch, and 
 said, "that it was his and their liberty which he 
 fought for, to the honour of his (dod, and not to
 
 'M YOVAGKKs' TALES. 
 
 make a mart of the wicked treasure of the infidels." 
 Yet did tli'->" words sink nothing unto their 
 stomachs; th*y did it for a good intent. Ho di( ; 
 Said save the fait' -t oxen to offer inito t ie Lord. 
 and they to serve their own turn. Ie; neither did 
 Saul sc of God thi re for, neii lier had 
 these at >. and did 
 
 .- after. Such is God's justice. FLe that they 
 * put tli ir trust in to dedivc;r them from the 
 tyrannous hand.-. of their enemies, he, 1 say, could 
 supply their want, of i. isaries. 
 
 Xmw tii'-su ei.^ht, heing armed with such weapons 
 as they thought wed of, thinking themselves sutli- 
 cient champions to encounter a v,r ■ii r ;« j r emmiy, and 
 coming unto the prison. I'""\ opened tie 1 urates and 
 doors thereof, and called forth all the pri.-oners. 
 whom he s -r. - >mc to ramu ' ; up the i •' >. some 
 to the dr ip of a con aiu •s i i y whi : . was the 
 
 1 1 . - -. r in all i >ad, Lied " Tie? < 'api ain 
 
 of A lex sails, 
 
 oar.-, a id o her such furnil long unto 
 
 ley. 
 
 At ti e pri "a were eer lers whom John 
 
 Fox a:, i ■ . of who:.. 
 
 there w er which perceive' I 
 
 them, and got iliem to ' : ;-' lop rison, unto 
 
 whom -John fox and his company were fain to
 
 JOHN FO£. l -21 
 
 •nine by ladders, wliore they found a hot skirmish, 
 lor some of them were there slain, some wounded, 
 and some but scarred and not hurt. As John Fox 
 was thrice shot through his apparel, and not hurt, 
 Peter Vuticaro and the other two, that had armed 
 them with the ducats, were slain, as not able to 
 wield themselves, being so pestered with the weight 
 and uneasy carrying of the wicked and profane 
 treasure; and also divers Christians were as well 
 hurt about that skirmish as Turks slain. 
 
 Amongst the Turks was one thrust through, who 
 (let us not say that it was ill -fortune) fell off from 
 the top of the prison wall, and made such a 
 groaning that the inhabitants thereabout (as here 
 and there stood a house or two), came and 
 questioned him, so that they understood the case, 
 how that the prisoners were paying their ransoms ; 
 wherewith they raised both Alexandria, which lay 
 on the west side of the road, and a castle which 
 was at the city's end next to the road, and also 
 another fortress which lay on the north side of the 
 road, so that now they had no way to escape but 
 one, which by man's reason (the two holds lying 
 ^o upon the mouth of the road) might seem im- 
 possible to be a way for them. So was the Red 
 Sea impossible for the Israelites to pass through, 
 the hills and rocks lay so on the one side, ami their
 
 21 VOYAGERS TALES. 
 
 enemies compassed them on the otlier. So was ii 
 impossible thai the walls of Jericlio should faii 
 down, being neither undermined nor yet rammed 
 at with engines, nor yet any man's wisdom, policy, 
 or help, set or put thereunto. Such impossibilities 
 can our God make possible. He that held the 
 limi's jaws from rending Daniel asunder, yea, or 
 yet from once touching him to his hurt, cannot He 
 hold the roaring cannons of this hellish force] He 
 thai kept the tire's rage in the hot burning oven 
 from the three children that [.(raised His name, 
 cannot He keep the tire's flaming Masts from 
 among II is elect ] 
 
 Now is the road fraught with lusty soldiers. 
 labourers, and mariners, who are fain to stand to 
 their tackling, in setting to every man his hand 
 seme to the carrying in of victuals, some munitions, 
 some oar-, and .-nine one thing some another, bin 
 most arc keeping their enemy from the wall of the 
 road. [bit to lie short, there was no time mis 
 spent, no man idle, nor any mail's labour ili 
 bestowed or in vain. So that in short time 
 this j 1 1 ie_\ '.'. . aed up. Wheivinl i 
 
 evei'y man leaped in all haste, hoisting up the 
 lustih , yield es to His mercy 
 
 and Lrrace, in Whose hands is Loth wind and 
 weather.
 
 JOHN FOX. 23 
 
 Now is this galley a-float, and out of the shelter 
 of the road ; now have the two castles full power 
 upon the galley ; now is there no remedy but to 
 sink. How can it be avoided] The cannons let 
 ny from both sides, and the galley is even in the 
 middest and between them both. What man can 
 devise to save it? There is no man but would 
 think it must needs be sunk. 
 
 There was not one of them that feared the shot 
 which went thundering round about their ears, nor 
 yet were once scarred or touched with five and 
 forty shot which came from the castles. Here did 
 Crod hold i'onli His buckler, He shieldeth now this 
 galley, and hath tried their faith to the uttermost. 
 Xow cometh His special help; yea, even when man 
 thinks them past all help, then cometh He Himself 
 down from Heaven with His mighty power, then 
 is His present remedy most ready. For they sail 
 away, being not once touched by the glance of a 
 shot, and arc quickly out of the Turkish cannons' 
 reach. Then might they see them coming down by 
 heaps to the water's side, in companies like unto 
 swarms of bees, making show to come after them 
 with galleys, bustling themselves to dress up the 
 galleys, which would be a swift piece of work for 
 them to do, for that they had neither oars, masts, 
 nails, nor anything else ready in any galley. Cut
 
 24 VOYAOKKS' TALKS. 
 
 yet they are carr\ j ii to them, some into one 
 galley, and some into another, so that, being such 
 a confusion amongst them, without any certain 
 guide, it were a tiling impossible to overtake the 
 Christians; beside that, there was no man that 
 would take charge of a galley, the weather was so 
 rough, and there was such an amazedness amongst 
 them. And verily, J think their god was amazed 
 thereat ; it could not lit; but that he must blush for 
 shame, he can speak never a word for dulness, 
 much less can he help them in such an extremity. 
 Well, howsoever it is, he is very much to blame to 
 suffer them to recti ivesuch a gibe. But howsoever 
 thi-ir god behave 1 himself, our C\>d showed Him- 
 a Cod indeed, i : ly living 
 
 Cod ; for the ire swift und'T His faithful, 
 
 which made the enemies aghast to b<'h<ild them ; a 
 skilfuller pil - i, and 1 li* i ;■ mariners 
 
 bestir i hem lus; i!y ; hut rhe Tu i neither 
 
 mariners, pilot, in o - any skilful master, that was in 
 read met a 
 
 When the < fe out of the 
 
 enemy's coa-,t, John Vox called to them all, telling 
 them to b il unto A i I for their 
 
 knees, beseeching 1 1 im 1 ir friends' 
 
 land, and not Uj bring them into another danger,
 
 JOHN FOX. 25 
 
 since He had most mightily delivered them from so 
 great a thraldom and bondage. 
 
 Thus when every man had made his petition, 
 they fell straightway to their labour with the oars, 
 in helping one another when they were wearied, 
 and with great labour striving to come to some 
 Christian land, as near as they could guess by the 
 stars. But the winds were so contrary, one while 
 driving them this way, another while that way, so 
 that they were now in a new maze, thinking that 
 God had forsaken them and left them to a greater 
 danger. And forasmuch as there were no victuals 
 now left in the galley, it might have been a cause 
 to them (if they had been the Israelites), to have 
 murmured against their God; but they knew how 
 that their God, who had delivered Egypt, was such 
 a loving and merciful God, as that He would not 
 suffer them to be confounded in whom Ho had 
 wrought so great a wonder, but what calamity 
 soever they sustained, they knew it was but for 
 their further trial, and also (in putting them in 
 mind of their further misery), to cause them not 
 to triumph and glory in themselves therefor. 
 Having, I say, no victuals in the galley, it might 
 seem one misery continually to fall upon another's 
 nock; but to be brief the famine grew to be so 
 great that in twenty-eight days, wherein they were
 
 VOVAOKKS TALKS. 
 
 on tin' sea, there died eight persons, to the astonish- 
 ment of all the rest. 
 
 So it fell oui that upon the twenty-ninth day 
 after thev set from Alexandria, they fell on the 
 isle of Can lia, ded at (hillipoli, where they 
 
 were ma le much of hy the abbot and monks there, 
 who caused them to stay there while they were 
 well refreshed and eased. They kept there the 
 sword wherewith John Fox had killed the keeper, 
 e.-.l ■■ ining i< as a most precious relic, and hung it 
 11 p f' ir n mi niumi 'lit. 
 
 When they thought good, having leave to depart 
 from thence, they sailed along the coast till they 
 arrived at Tarento, where they sold their galley, 
 and divided it, every man having a part thereof. 
 The 'I receiving so sh;> ineful a h iil al I 
 
 hands, ; the ( 'hrist ians, and - ■ iiired the 
 
 seas, ii' re they could imagh e that they had bent 
 their course. And the Christians had departed 
 fiom thence on the one day in the morning and 
 of the Turhs came thither that night, 
 ied ■ . I-", ix and 
 
 been 
 inei \ nil. And i in u thi-y mt to Naples, 
 
 where they departed a-tiuder, every man taking 
 him to h . iy i,i Hue. From whence John 
 
 F"X tool, ,. journey unto .Koine, where he was
 
 well entertained by an Englishman who presented 
 i lis worthy dmd unto the Pope, who rewarded him 
 liberally, and gave him letters unto the King of 
 ^pain, where he was very well entertained of him 
 there, who for tins his most worthy enterprise gave 
 him in fee twenty pence a day. From whence. 
 being desirous to come into his own country, he 
 ■ Mine thither at such time as he conveniently could, 
 which was in the year of our Lord God 1579 ; 
 who being come into England went unto the Court, 
 and showed all his travel unto the Council, who 
 considering of the state of this man, in that he had 
 -pent and lost a great part of his youth in thraldom 
 and. bondage, extended to him their liberality to 
 help to maintain him now in age. to their right 
 honour and to the encouragement of all true- 
 hearted Christians. 
 
 The copy of the certificate for John Fox and his 
 
 Company, made by the Prior and the Brethren 
 
 of (JaUipoli, ivhere they first landed. 
 
 We, the Prior and Fathers of the Convent ol 
 
 the Amerciates, of the city of Gallipoli, of the 
 
 order of Preachers, do testify that upon the 29th 
 
 of January last past, 1577, there came into the 
 
 said city a certain galley from Alexandria, taken 
 
 Yom the Turks, with two hundred and fifty-eight
 
 
 TOVAGKK.S J A: I -', 
 
 i . whereof was principal Master John Fox. 
 
 ;■! Fia.di'diiiian. a ionium, and one of the chiefest 
 
 tJi:it did accomplish thai e'reat work, whereby so 
 
 uy Chri lians have recovered their liberties, in 
 
 :. ano remi ■ ■ wl ereof, upon our earnest 
 
 ■ John Fox, lie lias left here an 
 
 sword, wherewith he slew the keeper of the 
 
 prison, which sword we do as a monument and 
 
 iie-iii trial of so worthy a deed, hani; up in the chief 
 
 And for bei-jiuse all 
 : '. ai '■ si h as we v. ill testify to 
 be true, as they are ord' r!\ p: ssed. and have there- 
 fore Lrood credit, that so much as is above expressed 
 is true, and for the more faith thereof, we, the 
 Prior i ml !'• ers af ■■ -ai . have ratified and sub- 
 
 : . the 3rd 
 of Febru : r\ . lo"7. 
 
 I, Friar VlXOKNT i'aimia, Prior of the same 
 pi i-e, C'Uilirm the preinb -;, as they are 
 
 ]. lb i r Ai.m.rr 1 > ■ m •. no. of < lallipoli, sub 
 
 a eh. 
 1, Friar A\i now < 'l.i.i.KLKK, of ( billi, coiilirm 
 
 ■ 
 i . Fi iar I l.iin i.! mi a , of (Jallipoli, comii m a- 
 
 1,1. ' ■ i iiin >li, coniirm as much.
 
 JOHN FOX. 29 
 
 The Bishop of Romp., his letters in behalf of 
 John Fox. 
 
 Be it known unto all men, to whom this writing 
 shall come, that the b finger hereof, John Fox, 
 Englishman, a gunner, after he had served captive 
 in the Turks' galleys, by the space of fourteen 
 years, at length, through God his help, t;iking good 
 opportunity, the 3rd of January last passed, slew 
 the keeper of the prison (whom he first stroke on 
 (he face) together with four and twenty other 
 Turks, by the assistance of his fellow-prisoners; 
 and with 2G6 Christians (of whose liberty he was 
 the author) launched front Alexandria, and from 
 thence arrived first at Gallipoli, in Candia, and 
 afterwards at Tarento, in Apulia ; the written 
 testimony and credit of which things, as also of 
 others, the same John Fox hath in public tables 
 from Naples. 
 
 Upon Easter Eve he came to Rome, and is now 
 determined to take his journey to the Spanish 
 Court, hoping there to obtain some relief towards 
 his living ; wherefore the poor distressed man 
 humbly beseecheth, and we in his behalf, do in the 
 bowels of Christ, desire you, that taking com- 
 passion of his former captivity and present penury, 
 you do not only sutler him freely to pass through
 
 VOYAGERS TALKS. 
 
 all you) - citii'S ami :-'■'■ us. hut also succour him with 
 ■ f-wanl wiHTi-of you shall 
 h<teaf'ier 1 1 1 ' ■> i ii- ■cci'ive. which we hope 
 
 lu'i will iilioi to ii v, itli tfii'lfr affection 
 
 if pi'y \vi c ujito you. At Rouiej the 
 
 Jii'li of April, J "'77. 
 
 Til' i >i a > f » u> ir.os, K; . . I Si. shop i if 
 
 A.-ti-i.ph.-n. 
 Hiciiai:ij Sii.i.i.pn, ] 'ri' >r \ h_ f ii;e. 
 Amji:i:as LriKAT'-fs, I ;*•_;] -t* ■]■ to our So vi 
 iii.-- I'np . \\ ! ieh tor tin 
 • ■ of i i' i pi'i !!;.-• - . ha ve si 
 my -'•;■■] to i ; . :■, is. At lit unt', the 
 
 V. 'I I.O]). 
 
 Mai.'kicm's < 'li:mi:.\t, the L"ivenmr ami keeni i 
 
 Of ':, him -;i ii 
 
 lie I'ltV. 
 
 Tin Kni'j nfS r ' " ' ' ■ Li »J : ant Jo, 
 
 tlr jihiri-nij <,,' Jt,h, i. /■'<■, in the ojjice of a 
 
 •'■ " '■ 
 Ti • t' ' G< 
 
 111' LicUI'-lrili! II i ( ';■ ]'T;i!])-( MUlOl'al < >! 
 
 ir 1 • aim i if V in tha ! 
 
 ■ ! nil i '< .. . I .■■!■.! il lis, ami wa- 
 
 , ;iv. ay frmi 
 
 i > •■ Tm ks a I/' i In A" ha ve hro "' : 
 
 o 
 
 I
 
 JOHN' FOX. 31 
 
 eight Christian captives. We license him to 
 practice, and give him the office of a gunner, and 
 have ordained that he go to our said realm there 
 to serve in the said office in the galleys, which by 
 our commandment are lately made. And we do 
 command that you cause to be paid to him eight 
 ducats pay a mouth, for the time that he shall 
 serve in the said galleys as a gunner, or till we can 
 otherwise provide for him, the said eight ducats 
 monthly of the money which is already of our 
 provision, present and to come, and to have regard 
 of those which come with him. From Escurial 
 the 10th of August, 1577. — I, the King, 
 
 Juan del Gado. 
 And under that a confirmation of the Council. 
 
 Verses written by A. JY. to the courteous readers, 
 who was present at Home ivhen John Fo,r 
 
 read red his letters of the Pope. 
 
 Leaving at large all fables vainly used, 
 
 All trilling toys that do no truth import, 
 
 Lo. here how the end (at length) though long diffused. 
 
 I'nfoldeth plain a true and rare report; 
 
 To glad those minds which seek their country's wealth, 
 
 Uy proffered pains to enlarge his happy health. 
 
 At Heine I was, when Fox did there arrive, 
 
 Therefore I may sufficiently express, 
 
 What gallant joy his deeds did there revive
 
 VOYAGEES TALES. 
 
 In the hearts of those which heard his valiantnesB. 
 Ami how thi' Pope did recompense his pains, 
 Ami letters gave to move his greater gains. 
 
 But yet T know that many do misdoubt, 
 
 That those his pains are fables ami untrue; 
 
 Not only I in this will hear him out, 
 
 But diverse more thai did his patents view. 
 
 And unto those so boldly \ daresay. 
 
 That nought but truth John Fox doth here bewray. 
 
 Besides here's one was slave with him in thrall, 
 
 Lately returned into our native land, 
 
 This witne- er perfect all, 
 
 What needeth more .' for witness he may stand. 
 
 And thus I end. unfolding what, I know, 
 
 Tie- other man more larger proof can show. 
 
 Honos alit arU-s, A. M. 
 
 TIM-; VOYAOK MADE TO TPJPOLTS IN 
 
 IJAKBAIiV. 
 /../ tl<\ Yi'nr l:")S}, //•///, a *hip mll»d the Jests. 
 
 ■ <■',■ ,-,', ,, tin' (fir, ntUi'HH UH'I tlistrrsxrs of SOIlu 
 
 EnH^yh men am trail/ fi^rt*,!. mid other 
 ifci'ssiifti i-imiriixfa-iiccs uh^-rctid. Written b>/ 
 
 TlIO.MAS S \Mi; S. 
 
 ill IS v-va.e was sel fori li hy tlifi Right Wor 
 
 I'd "sin line K : : _•■' t, chief merchant 
 
 lit' all tl.e Turkish Company, and one Master
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 33 
 
 tlichard Stapers, the ship being of the burden of 
 one hundred tons, called the Jesus; she was builded 
 at Famine, a river by Portsmouth. The owners 
 were Master Thomas Thompson, Nicholas Carnabie, 
 and John Gilman. The master (under God) was 
 one Zaccheus Hellier, of Blackwall, and his mate 
 was one Richard Morris, of that place ; their pilot 
 was one Anthony Jerado, a Frenchman, of the 
 province of Marseilles ; the purser was one William 
 Thompson, our owner's son; the merchants' factors 
 were Komane Sonnings, a Frenchman, and Richard 
 Skegs, servant unto the said Master Stapers. The 
 owners were bound unto the merchants by charter 
 party thereupon in one thousand marks, that the 
 said ship, by God's permission should go for 
 Tripolis in Barbary, that is to say, first from 
 Portsmouth to Newhaven in Normandy, thence to 
 S. Lukar, otherwise called- S. Lucas, in Andalusia, 
 and from thence to Tripolis, which is in the east 
 part of Africa, and so to return unto London. 
 
 But here ought every man to note and consider 
 the works of our God, that (many times) what man 
 doth determine God doth disappoint. The said 
 master having some occasion to go to Famine, took 
 with him the pilot and the purser, and returning 
 again, by means of a gust of wind, the boat wherein 
 i hey were was drowned, the said master, the purser, 
 b— 2:;
 
 VOYAGERS TALES. 
 
 in.] nil the company; onh the said pilot by ex 
 
 :. ■■<■ in sv. '.:: t i j i -_r saved himself, th"<e were 
 
 -.' ^s of i ir ■ i rr >ws. Aii r-r which th< 
 
 liiu; tens mate won! I not procc d in that 
 
 . ■■. and l '■ ■ \v -arinfj ol rh: .'<-:' >rtune, 
 
 ■ -. did 
 
 • c J; irliard Dciiiio <d and shipped him 
 
 :■. who 1 1 id ' In '»-(' for his mate <>ne Andrew 
 
 i' \ "■'■ ;il:" 
 [ice ii idv : that is to say, ahuut tiic 1'itli oi 
 ( '. • > i ■• r. I "> - ' . from i '< >rt -m. >uth. and 
 
 ii.- i 1 ". then m ncr she arriv-d into 
 
 XcwLiivrii, where our -aid last master Dehiiniid l>y 
 
 rs tiien i I r lie 
 
 A drew I >i'T. 1 i : r"? mate, to he 
 
 ■)• for lh,0 \'i >\ a- ■. w ii) did clan >se to be 
 
 
 .. .J. 
 
 '-l!.a>1 
 
 '.!'■'•■ [for purser 
 
 : ■'•U Ol.e I ! jell :!' : I III] ■'_:•■<. A f I <TWH I'd tlboilt 
 
 ■r ' ard, 
 
 i if ■• . aitaln 
 
 .ve 1 ■ j- viei uals 
 
 . and i ind came 
 
 \ ' : :.'..'.' iu^f we 
 
 t hence, . | i • [-, by 
 
 a ' : i '. ! '!1 tO 
 
 hen next following we
 
 THOMAS 8 ANDERS. 35 
 
 made forthward again, and by force of weather we 
 wore driven to Falmouth, where we remained until 
 the 1st day of January, at which time the wind 
 coming fair we departed thence, and about the 20th 
 day of the said month we arrived safely at S. 
 Lucas. And about the 9th day of March next 
 following we made sail front thence, and about the 
 1 8th day of the same month we came to Tripolis in 
 Barbary, where we were very wed entertained by 
 the king of that country and also of the commons. 
 The commodities of that place are sweet oils ; the 
 king there is a merchant, and the rather (willing 
 to prefer himself before his commons) requested our 
 said factors to traffic with him, and promised them 
 that if they would take his oils at his own price 
 they should pay no manner of custom, and they 
 took of him certain tons of oil ; and afterward 
 perceiving that they might have far better cheap, 
 notwithstanding the custom free, they desired the 
 king to license them to take the oils at the pleasure 
 of his commons, for that his price did exceed theirs ; 
 whereunto the king would not agree, but was 
 rather contented to abate his price, insomuch that 
 the factors bought all their oils of the king's 
 custom free, and so laded the same aboard. 
 
 In the meantime there came to that place onti 
 Miles Dickinson, in a ship of Bristol, who together
 
 So" VOYAGERS' TALES. 
 
 with our said factors took a Louse to themselves 
 there. Our French factor, Romaine Sonnings, 
 desired to buy a commodity in the market, ami, 
 wanting money, desired tlie said Miles Dickinson 
 t<> lend him a hundred chikinoes until lie came to 
 liis lo Igincr, whii h he did ; and afterwards the same 
 Sonnings mei with .Miles Dickinson in the street, 
 and delivered him money hound up in a napkin, 
 savin.', " Master Dickinson, there is the money 
 that I borrowed of you," and so thanked him for 
 rhe same. Ho doubted nothing less than falsehood, 
 winch is seldom known among merchants, and 
 specially being together in one house, and is the 
 more detestable between Christians, they being 
 in Turkey among the heathen; the >uid Diekin>on 
 did not tell the money presently, until he came to 
 his lodging, and then, finding nine chikinoes lack- 
 ing of his hundred (which was about three pounds, 
 for that every child noe is worth seven shillings of 
 English money), he came to the said Koraaine 
 Sonnings and delivered him his handkerchief, and 
 asked him how many c he had delivered 
 
 him. Sonnings answered, "A hundred " ; Dickinson 
 said "No"; and so they protested and swore on both 
 parts. But in the end the said Ilomaine Sonnings 
 did swear deeply with detestable oath.-, and curs< . 
 and prayed God that he mighi show his works on
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. J57 
 
 him, that other might take ensample thereby, and 
 that he might be hanged like a dog, and never 
 come into England again, if he did not deliver unto 
 the said Dickinson a hundred chikinoes. And here 
 behold a notable example of all blasphemers, 
 cursers, and swearers, how God rewarded him 
 accordingly ; for many times it cometh to pass 
 that God showeth his miracles upon such monstrous 
 blasphemers to the ensample of others, as now 
 hereafter you shall hear what befell to this Romaine 
 Sonnings. 
 
 There was a man in the said town a pledge, 
 whose name was Patrone Norado, who the year 
 before had done this Sonnings some pleasure there 
 The foresaid Patrone Norado was indebted unto a 
 Turk of that town in the sum of four hundred and 
 tifty crowns, for certain goods sent by him into 
 Christendom in a ship of his own, and by his own 
 brother, and himself remained in Tripolis as pledge 
 until his said brother's return ; and, as the report 
 went there, he came among lewd company, and lost 
 his brother's said ship and goods at dice, and never 
 returned unto him again. 
 
 The said Patrone Norado, being void of all hope 
 and finding now opportunity, consulted with the 
 -aid Sonnings for to swim a-seaboard the islands, 
 and the ship, being then out of danger, should take
 
 VOYAGERS TALK: 
 
 liim in (as was afterwards confessed), and so go to 
 
 I ,Vil' a\ in', in tiic province ni Marseilles, with this 
 I'airoue Norado, and there to rake in the rust of 
 Ids lading. 
 
 The ship ■ uly the first day of May, and 
 
 _• her saih all abroad, our said factors dii] 
 
 !ake llieir Ie.ivi of tlie king who very courteously 
 
 liid them farewell, and when they came aboard 
 
 iin-v commanded the master and the company 
 
 the ship. The master answered 
 
 it was impossible, for that the wind was 
 
 contrary and overblowed. And he required us, 
 
 ujioii forfeiture of our hands, that we should do our 
 
 endeav our to get la r f< <v'< h. i hen w enl we to warp 
 
 do shij r, and pri — eh ing sent a boat 
 
 . c mi mantling 
 i !.e A'ho>e ci iming 
 
 the king demanded of him cm-torn fa' the oils. 
 S'H.nimrs answered him that in-, hmhimss had 
 
 us fi c. lint, not 
 ling, proini.M'. 
 
 ■ f ar of God 
 i "f it -', n< >r l'i lis wot', i. albeit In 
 
 • 
 • o the 
 
 1 j..iii.
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 39 
 
 These janisaries are soldiers tliere under the 
 Great Turk, and their power is above the king's. 
 And so the said factor departed from the king, and 
 came to the waterside, and called for a boat to 
 come aboard, and he brought with him the foresaid 
 Patrone Xorado. The company, inquisitive to 
 know what man that was, Sonnings answered that 
 lie was ids countryman, a passenger. "I pray 
 God," said the company, "that we come not into 
 ; rouble by this man." Then said Sonnings angrily, 
 •'What have; you to do with any matters of mine'? 
 if anything chance otherwise than well, I must 
 answer for all." 
 
 Xow the Turk unto whom this Patrone Xorado 
 was indebted, missing him, supposed him to be 
 aboard of our ship, presently went unto the king and 
 told him that he thought that ins pledge, Patrone 
 Xorado, was aboard on the English ship. Where- 
 upon the king presently sent a boat aboard of us, 
 with three men in her, commanding the said 
 Sonnings to come ashore; and, not speaking any- 
 thing as touching the man, he said that he would 
 come presently in his own boat; but as soon as 
 ihey were gone he willed us to warp forth the ship, 
 and said that he would see the knaves hanged 
 before he would go ashore. And when the king 
 ^asv that he came not ashore, but still continued
 
 40 VOYAGERS' TALES. 
 
 warning away the ship, he- straight commanded the 
 gunnel' of the bulwark next unto us to shoot three 
 shots without ball. Then we came all to the said 
 Sonnimrs, ainl asked him what the matter was that 
 
 wo were shot at: In' said that it was the janisaries 
 who would have tin- oil ashore again, and willed us 
 to make haste away. And after that lie had dis- 
 charged three shots without ball he commanded all 
 the gunners in the town to do their endeavour to 
 sink usj but the Turkish gunners could not once 
 strike us. wherefore the king sent presently to the 
 Banio (this Lianio is the prison whereas all the 
 captives lay at night), and promised that it' there 
 were any that could either sink us or else cause us 
 to come in again, he should have a hundred crowns 
 and his libi rty. W ith that came forth a Spaniard 
 called Si liastian, which had be< n an old servitor in 
 Flanders, and he said (hat, upon the performance 
 of that promise, he would undertake either to sink 
 us or to cause us to come in again, and tl ereto lie 
 would gage his life ; and at, the first shot he split 
 our rudder's head in pices, and the second shot, he 
 struck us under water, and the : oi he shot 
 
 us through our foremast with a culverin shot, and 
 thus, he having rent both our rudder and mast 
 and shot us under water, we were enforced to iro in 
 again.
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 41 
 
 This Sebastian for all his diligence herein had 
 neither his liberty nor a hundred crowns, so 
 promised by the said king ; but, after Ins service 
 done, was committed again to prison, whereby may 
 appear the regard that a Turk or infidel hath of his 
 work, although he be able to perform it — yea, more, 
 though he be a king. 
 
 Then our merchants, seeing no remedy, they, 
 together with five of our company, went ashore ; 
 and they then ceased shooting. They shot unto us 
 in the whole nine-and-thirty shots without the hurt 
 of any man. 
 
 And when our merchants came ashore the king 
 commanded presently that they, with the rest of 
 our company that were with them, should be 
 chained four and four to a hundredweight of iron, 
 and when we came in with the ship there came 
 presently above a hundred Turks aboard of us, and 
 they searched us and stripped our very clothes from 
 our backs, and broke open our chests, and made a 
 spoil of all that we had ; and the Christian caitiffs 
 likewise that came aboard of us made spoil of our 
 goods, and used us as ill as the Turks did. And 
 our masters male, having a Geneva Bible in his 
 hand, there came the king's chief gunner and took 
 it out from him, who showed me of it; and I. 
 having the language, went presently to the king's
 
 i-2 
 
 VOYAGERS TALK 
 
 treasurer, and told him of it, saying that since it 
 was the wlU of God that we should full into their 
 hands, yet that they should grunt us to use our 
 consciences to our own discretion, as they sulfered 
 the Span in r Is and other nati ms to use theirs; and 
 he granted ns. Then 1 told him thai the master 
 gunner had taken away a Bible from one of our 
 men: the treasurer wen'- presently and commanded 
 him to deliver up the Bible again, which he did. 
 And within a little aft< : ii from the i 
 
 11, and ] I 'he treasurer of it. and 
 
 ntly he commanded him to deliver it again. 
 >aying, "Thou villain! will thou turn to Chris- 
 tianity again '.' " for lie \a as i ieh ; s one 
 
 ■ ' mieth 
 
 » Til •■ • 'lid 
 
 time. And ] i it in . the 
 
 gunner cam'' to me, ; unl -j . , . t -■ .vi.ro-. saving, 
 
 ■ ■ 
 net I 
 ug 1 
 
 10 th" j. .iv,', and 
 
 ' !..g ih'i- 
 
 Turk 
 
 V'e a 
 
 ,vred
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 43 
 
 me the book, saying he had not the value of a pin 
 iii: the spoil of the ship — which was the better for 
 him, as hereafter you shall hear ; for there was 
 none, either Christian or Turk, that took the 
 value of a pennyworth of our goods from us but 
 perished both body and goods within seventeen 
 months following, . as hereafter shall plainly 
 appear. 
 
 Then came the guardian Basha, who is the 
 keeper of the king's captives, to fetch us all ashore ; 
 and then I, remembering the miserable estate of 
 poor distressed captives in the time of their 
 bondage to those infidels, went to mine own chest, 
 and took out thereof a jar of oil, and filled a basket 
 full of white ruske, to carry ashore with me. But 
 before I came to the Banio the Turkish boys had 
 taken away almost all my bread, and the keeper 
 said, " Deliver me the jar of oil, and when thou 
 jomest to the Banio thou shaft have it again;" but 
 i never had it of him any more. 
 
 But when I came to the Banio and saw our 
 merchants and all the rest of our company in 
 chains, and we all ready to receive the same 
 reward, what heart is there so hard but would 
 have pitied our cause, hearing or seeing the lament- 
 able greeting there was betwixt us. All this 
 happened the first of May, IT>8-1.
 
 44 VOYAGERS' TALKS. 
 
 And the second day of the same month the kirn; 
 with all his council sat in judgment upon us. The 
 first that were hail forth to lie arraigned were the 
 
 factors and the masters, and the king asked them 
 wherefore the} camenotashorewhenhesent for them. 
 And Roinaine Sonnings answered that, though 
 he were a king on shore, and might command there 
 so was he as touching those that were under him ; 
 and therefore said, if any offence he, the fault is 
 wholly in myself and in no other. Then forthwith 
 the king gave judgment that the said Romaine 
 Sonnings should he hanged over the north-east 
 bulwark, from whence lie conveyed the forenamed 
 Patrone dorado. And then he called for our master, 
 Andrew Dier, and used few words to him, and so 
 condemned him to he hanged over the walls of the 
 westernmost bulwarks. 
 
 Then fell our other factor, named Richard Skegs. 
 upon his knee« before the king, and said, "I be- 
 seech your highness either to pardon our master or 
 else sutler me to die for him. for lie is ignorant of 
 'his cause." And then the people of that country, 
 favouring the said Ui'-hard Skegs, b'-sought the king 
 to pardon them both. So then the king spake these 
 words: " Rehold. for thy sake I pardon the master." 
 Then presently the Turks shmii >'ii and cried, saying. 
 "Away with the master from the presence of th.
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 45 
 
 king." And then he came into the Banio where 
 we were, and told us what had happened, and we 
 all rejoiced at the good hap of Master Skegs, that he 
 was saved, and our master for his sake. 
 
 But afterwards our joy was turned to double 
 sorrow, tor in the meantime the king's mind was 
 altered : for that one of his council had advised 
 him that, unless the master died also, by the law 
 'hey could not confiscate the ship nor goods, 
 neither make captive any of the men. Whereupon 
 the king sent for our master again, and gave him 
 another judgment after his pardon for one cause, 
 which was that he should be hanged. Here all true 
 < 'hristians may see what trust, a Christian man may 
 put in an infidel's promise, who, being a king, par- 
 doned a man now, as you have heard, and within 
 an hour after hanged him for the same cause before 
 a whole multitude ; and also promised our factors 
 their oils custom free, and at their going aw <y 
 made them pay the uttermost penny for the custom 
 thereof. 
 
 And when that Romaine Sonnings saw no 
 remedy but that he should die, he protested to 
 turn Turk, hoping thereby to have saved his life. 
 Then said the Turk, '■' [f thou wilt turn Turk, 
 speak the words that thereunto belong;" and he 
 did so. Then said they unto him, " Now thou
 
 (.('» VOVAuLKS TALKS. 
 
 slialt die in the faith of a Turk;" and so he 
 did, as the Turks reported that were at his 
 execution ; and the forenamed Patron e Norado, 
 whereas before lie had liberty and did nothing, he 
 
 then was condemned slave perpetual, except there 
 wen- payment made of the for< said sum of money. 
 
 Then the king condemned all us, who were in 
 number five and twenty, of which two were 
 lumped ''as you have heard) and one di ;d the first 
 ilav we came on shore by the visitation of Almighty 
 tiod, and the oilier three and twenty he condemned 
 slaves perpetually unto the threat Turk, and the 
 ship ami goods wen- contlscated to the use of the 
 ( Ireat Turk ; then we all fell down upon our knee.. 
 giving God thanks for this sorrowful visitation ami 
 giving ourselves wholly to the almighty power of 
 Jud, unto whom ail secrets are known, that He 
 oi I lis goodness would vouchsafe to look upon us. 
 
 I lore may all true Christian hearts see the 
 wo] di rful works of Cod showed i ■>. infidels, 
 
 blasphemers, and runagate Chri-t inns, and so you 
 shall read in the end of this hook of the like upon 
 the • j and all his children, and of as 
 
 many as tone Liny portion of (he said goods. 
 
 I hit bondage and 
 
 :- 1 a \ i - rv .and unto 
 
 we were tied loreverv live men hail allowance
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 47 
 
 but five aspers of bread in a day, which is but two- 
 pence English, and our lodging was to lie on the 
 
 bare boards, with a very simple cape to cover us. 
 We were also forcibly and most violently shaven, 
 head and beard, and within three days after, I and 
 five more of my fellows, together with fourscore 
 Italians and Spaniards, were sent forth in a galiot 
 to take a Greek carmosel, which came into 
 Arabia to steal negroes, and went out of Tripolis 
 unto that place which was two hundred and forty 
 leagues thence ; but we were chained three and 
 three to an oar, and we rowed naked above the 
 girdle, and the boatswain of the galley walked 
 abaft tle.> mast, and his mate afore the mast, and 
 each of them a whip in their hands, and when their 
 devilish choler rose they would strike the 
 Christians for no cause, and they allowed us but 
 half a pound of bread a man in a day, without any 
 other kind of sustenance, water excepted. And 
 when we came to the place where we saw- the 
 carmosel, we were not suffered to have neither 
 needle, bodkin, knife, or any other instrument 
 about us, nor at any other time in the night, upon 
 pain of o«ie hundred bastinadoes: we were then 
 also cruelly manacled, in ich sort that we could 
 not put our hands the length of one foot asunder 
 the one from the other, and every night they
 
 48 VOYAGERS' TALES. 
 
 searched our chains three times, to see if they were 
 fast riveted. We continued the tight with the 
 carmoscl three hours, and then we took it, and lost 
 hut two of our men in that tight ; but there were 
 slain of the Greeks five, and fourteen were cruelly 
 hurt : and they that were found were presently 
 made slaves, and chained to the oars, and within 
 fifteen days after we returned again into Tripolis, 
 and then we were put to all manner of slavery. I 
 was put to hew stones, and other to carry stones, 
 and some to draw the cart with earth, and some to 
 make mortar, and some to draw stones (for at that 
 time the Turks huikled a church), and thus we 
 were put to all kinds of slavery that was to be 
 lone. And in the time of our being there the 
 .Moors, that are the husbandmen of the country, 
 rebelhd against the kinir, because he would hav< 
 constrained them to pay greater tribute than 
 heretofore they had 'lone, so that the soldiers ol 
 Tripolis marched forth of the town, to have joined 
 battle against the Moors *f or their rebellion, ami 
 the king scant with them four pieces or' ordnance. 
 which were drawn by the captives twentv miles 
 into tic- country after them, and at the sight 
 thereof the Moors Ihd. and then the captain- 
 returned hack again. Then I, and certain Chri>- 
 tians more, were sent twelve miles into the countn
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 49 
 
 with a cart to load timber, and we returned again 
 the same day. 
 
 Now, the king had eighteen captives, which 
 three times a week went to fetch wood thirty miles 
 from the town, and on a time he appointed me for 
 one of the eighteen, and we departed at eight of 
 the clock in the night ; and upon the way, as we 
 lode upon the camels, I demanded of one of our 
 company who did direct us the way : he said that 
 there was a Moor in our company which was our 
 guide ; and I demanded of them how Tripolis and 
 the wood hare one off the other, and he said, 
 '■East-north-east and west-south-west." And at 
 midnight, or thereabouts, as I was riding upon my 
 camel, I fell asleep, and the guide and all the rest 
 rode away from me, not thinking but 1 had been 
 among them. When I awoke, and finding myself 
 alone, I durst not call nor holloa, for fear lest the 
 wild Moors should hear me — because they hold this 
 opinion, that in killing a Christian they do God 
 good service — and musing with myself what were 
 best for me to do : if I should return back to 
 Tripolis without any wood or company I should be 
 most miserably used ; therefore, of the two evils, 
 rather I had to go forth to the losing of my life 
 than to turn back and trust to their mercy, fearing 
 to be used as before I had .seen others. For, under-
 
 TOYAGEES' TAI^ES. 
 
 standing by some of my company before how 
 I'ripolis and the said wood did lie one off another, 
 by the North Star I went forth at adventure, and. 
 as God would have it, I came right to the place 
 where they were, even about an hour before day. 
 There altogether we rested, and gave our camels 
 provender, and as soon as the day appeared we 
 - ile all into the wood ; and I, seeing no wood there 
 i -k here and a slick there, about the bigness 
 of a ii an : s arm, growing in ih ■ sand, it caused me 
 to marvel how so many camels should be loaded in 
 that ]i!:i"i'. The wood was juniper ; we needed no 
 axe nor edged tor,] to cut it, hut plimked it up by 
 • Tic: _'th of hands, roots and all, which a man 
 :ly do, and so gathered together a little 
 at one place, and so at another, and laded our 
 cum els, ami eame home about seven of the clock 
 thai night following : because I fell lame and my 
 c.u;"l was tired, 1 h-t'i my wuoil in the way. 
 
 ■ In re wa s in '1 me a Venetian 
 
 id seven- 
 
 iiioi-c of his cull ' t'ymeu, \- hich ran 
 
 : s in a boai and eame inside of an 
 
 il Malta, whieli lii : i forty leagues from 
 
 v. n bin a mile of the 
 
 ir >. i.er, i ie of t heir company 
 
 , In. ' I ' i , lH'tur terra.
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 51 
 
 which is as much to say : "In the despite of God, 
 I shall now fetch the shore ; " and presently there 
 arose a mighty storm, with thunder and rain, and 
 the wind at the north, their boat being very small, 
 so that they were enforced to bear up room and to 
 sheer right afore the wind over against the coast of 
 Barbary, from whence they came, and rowing up 
 and down the coast, their victuals being spent, the 
 twenty-first day after their departure, they were 
 enforced through the want of food to come ashore, 
 thinking to have stolen some sheep. But tin- 
 Moors of the country very craftily (perceiving their 
 intent) gathered together a threescore of horsemen 
 and hid themselves behind the sandy hill, and 
 when the Christians were come all ashore, and 
 passed by half a mile into the country, the Moors 
 rode betwixt them and their boat, and some of 
 them pursued the Christians, and so they were all 
 taken and brought to Tripolis, from whence they 
 had before escaped ; and presently the king com- 
 manded that the foresaid Benedetto, with one more 
 of his company, should lose their ears, and the rest 
 to be most cruelly beaten, which was presently 
 done. This king had a son which was a ruler in 
 an island called Gerbi, whereunto arrived an 
 English ship called the Green Dragon, of the 
 which was master one M. Blonket, who, having a
 
 52 VOYAGERS TALES. 
 
 very unhappy boy on that ship, and understanding 
 that whosoever would turn Turk should be well 
 entertained of the king's son, this boy did run 
 
 ashore and voluntarily turned Turk. Shortly 
 lifter the king's son came to Tripolis to visit his 
 father, ami seeing our company, lie greatly fancied 
 Richard Burges, our purser, and James Smith. 
 They were both young men, therefore he was ver\ 
 lesirous to have them to turn Turks; hut. they 
 would not yield to his desire, saying, " We are 
 your father's slaves and as sla,ves we will serve 
 him." Then his f'atherthe king sent for them, and 
 usked them if they would turn Turks ; and tip ', 
 said : " It' it please your Highness, Christians we 
 were horn and so we will remain, and beseech the 
 king that they might not be enforced (hereunto.' 
 The king had there before in his house a son of a 
 yeoman of our Queen's guard, whom the king's son 
 had enforced to turn Turk; his mime was John 
 Nelson. 1 1 im the king caused to he brought to these 
 young men, and then said unto them, "Will you 
 not hear this, your countryman, company, and he 
 Turk as he is'."' and they said thai they would net 
 yield thereunto during life. I!ut it fell out that. 
 within a month after, the king's sou went home to 
 l ierbi uu'aiu. I n o i s _; live score miles from Tripolis. 
 and earned our two i'ori'.siid young men with him.
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 53 
 
 which were Richard Burges and James Smith. 
 And after their departure from us they sent us 
 a letter, signifying that there was no violence 
 showed unto them as yet ; yet within three days 
 after they were violently used, for that the king's 
 son demanded of them again if that they would 
 turn Turk. Then answered Richard Burges : " A 
 Christian I am, and so I will remain." Then the 
 king's son very angrily said unto him, " By 
 Mahomet thou shalt presently be made Turk ! " 
 Then called he for his men and commanded them 
 to make him Turk ; and they did so, and circum- 
 cised him, and would have had him speak the 
 words that thereunto belonged; but he answered 
 them stoutly that he would not, and although 
 they had put on him the habit of a Turk, yet said 
 he, " A Christian I was born, and so I will remain, 
 though you force me to do otherwise." 
 
 And then he called for the other, and com- 
 manded him to be made Turk perforce also ; but he 
 was very strong, for it was so much as eight of the 
 king's son's men could do to hold him. So in the 
 end they circumcised him and made him Turk. 
 N"ow, to pass over a little, and so to show the 
 manner of our deliverance out of that misei'able 
 captivity. 
 
 In May aforesaid, shortly after our apprehension,
 
 VOYAGERS TAXES. 
 
 ! wrote a Ictf'T info England unto my father. 
 i-lli in Evistolc in Devonshire, signifying 
 unto him the whole estate of our calamities, and 1 
 wrote also t ■ •' insl mtinople to the English 
 ambassador, both which letters were faithfully 
 delivered. I Jut when my father had received my 
 letter, and understood the truth of our mishap, 
 and the occa-ion thereof, and what had happened 
 Fenders, he certified the Right Honourable 
 the Ear] of Bedford thereof, who in short space 
 acquainted her Highness with the whole cause 
 thereof ; and her Majesty, like a most merciful 
 princess ten lering her subjects, presently took 
 order for our deliverance. Whereupon the Right 
 Worsl .:; :' ,! Sir Edward Osborne, knight, directed 
 his letters \\ hli all speed to the English ambassadoi 
 in ( '• ,, and h< 
 
 ■' mimis-ion, and sent it 
 
 forthwith to Tripoli's by one Master Edward, 
 
 Barton, together with a ju-tiee of the Great Turk's 
 
 r. and annth"r Turk and a Greek. 
 
 '■ prefer. - hi eh could speak 
 
 - : • 1 , 1 ian. Sp mi-di and Em.' 
 
 \ 'to Tripi 'lis they were 
 
 tnd the lir^t night they did lie in 
 
 in die t'iwn. All our company 
 
 I hat were in Trij oli- eame that night for joy to
 
 THOMAS SANDEKS. 55 
 
 Master Barton and the ether commissioners to see 
 them. Then Master Barton said unto us, "Wel- 
 come, my good countrymen," and lovingly enter- 
 tained us ; and at our departure from him he gave 
 us two shillings, and said, " Serve God, for to- 
 morrow I hope you shall be as free as ever you 
 were." We all gave him thanks and so departed. 
 
 The next day, in the morning very early, the 
 king having intelligence of their coming, sent 
 word to the keeper that none of the Englishmen 
 (meaning our company) should go to work. Then 
 lie sent for Master Barton and the other com- 
 missioners, and demanded of the said Master Bar- 
 ton his message. The justice answered that the 
 Great Turk, his sovereign, had sent them unto him, 
 signifying that he was informed that a certain 
 English ship, called the Jesus, was by him the said 
 king confiscated about twelve months since, and 
 now my said sovereign hath here sent his especial 
 commission by us unto you for the deliverance of 
 the said ship and goods, and also the free liberty 
 and deliverance of the Rnglishmon of the said ship 
 whom yon have taken and kept in captivity. Ami 
 further, tin; same justice said, 1 ant authorised by 
 my said sovereign the (ireat Turk to see it dene ; 
 and therefore 1 command you. '>y the virtue of this 
 commission, presently to make restitution of the
 
 O'i VOVAGElts' TALES. 
 
 premises or tlie value thereof. And so did the 
 justice deliver unto the king the Great Turk's 
 commission to the effect aforesaid, which commission 
 the king with all obedience received ; and after 
 the perusing of the same, he forthwith commanded 
 all the English captives to be brought before him, 
 and then willed the keeper to strike off all our 
 irons. "Which done, the king said, " You English- 
 men, for that you did offend the laws of this place, 
 by the same laws therefore some of your company 
 were condemned to die, as you know, and you to 
 be perpetual captives during your lives; notwith- 
 standing, seeing it hath pleased my sovereign 
 lord the Great Turk to pardon your said offences, 
 and to give you your freedom and liberty, behold. 
 here I make delivi ry of you unto this English 
 gentleman." So hi ch-iiveied us all that were there. 
 ; thirteen in nun 1 ■ r, to M . ;ter Barton, who 
 required al.-o those two young men whmh the 
 king's son had taken with him. Then the kin_ 
 
 hat it was a i r law to d 
 
 amswen u tmit it was a amst Un-iv Jaw 1 
 them, lor that they wltc turned Turks; and. 
 touching the ship ami ^oods, the king said 
 that he lr, ■ ■ r. b ; won! ! make re.-t itution 
 
 of the value, iv. i as la ch :' ' goods as came 
 unto his hands. And <n tlie ki;.g ;tn>-e and went 
 r, and c I a Jew to i/o with
 
 THOMAS SANDEBS. 57 
 
 Master Barton and the other commissioners to 
 show them their lodgings, which was a house pro- 
 vided and appointed them by the said king. And 
 because I had the Italian and Spanish tongues, by 
 which there most traffic in that country i<, Master 
 Barton made me his caterer, to buy his victuals for 
 him and his company, and he delivered me money 
 needful for the same. Thus were we set at libertv 
 the 28th day of April, 1585. 
 
 JSTow, to return to the Icings plagues and punish- 
 ments which Almighty God at his will and pleasure 
 sendc'h upon men in the sight of the world, and 
 likewise of the plagues that befell his children and 
 others aforesaid. • First, when we were made 
 bondmen, being the second day of May, 1584, the 
 king had 300 captives, and before the month was 
 expired there died of them of the plague 150. 
 And whereas there were twenty-six men of our 
 company, of whom two were hanged and one died 
 the same day as we were made bondslaves, that 
 present month there died nine more of our com- 
 pany of the plague, and other two we're forced to 
 turn Turks as before rehearsed ; and on the 4th 
 day of June next following, the king lost 150 
 camels which were taken from him l>y the wild 
 Moors ; and on the 28th day of the said month of 
 June one Geffrey a venegado of Malta,
 
 58 VOYAGKRS TALKS. 
 
 ran away to his country, and stowed a brigantine 
 which the king had builded for to take the 
 Christians withal, and carried with him twelve 
 Christians more which were the king's captives. 
 Afterwards about the 10th day of July next 
 following, the king rode forth upon the greatest 
 and fairest mare that might be seen, as white as 
 any swan ; he had not ridden forty paces from his 
 house, but on a sudden the same mare fell down 
 under him stark dead, and I with six more were 
 commanded to bury her, skin, shoes, and all, which 
 we did. And about three months after our 
 delivery, Master Barton, with all the residue of 
 his company, departed from Tripolis to Zante in a 
 vessel called a settea, of one Mai'cus Segoorus, who 
 dwelt in Zante ; and, after our arrival at Zante, we 
 remained fifteen days there aboard our vessel, 
 before we could have Phifj'go (that is, leave to 
 come ashore), because the, plague was in that place 
 from whence we came, and about three days after 
 we came ashore, thither came another settea of 
 Marseilles, hound for Constantinople. Then did 
 Master Barton and his company, with two more of 
 our company, ship themselves as passengers in the 
 same settea and went to Constantinople. But the 
 other nine of us that remained in Zante, about 
 three months after, shipped ourselves in a ship of
 
 THOMAS SANDKKS. 59 
 
 the said Marcus Segoorus, which came to Zante, 
 and was bound for England. In which three 
 months the soldiers ofTripolis killed the said king; 
 and then the king's son, according to the custom 
 there, went to Constantinople, to surrender up all 
 his father's treasure, goods, captives, and concu- 
 bines unto the Great Turk, and took with him our 
 said purser Richard Burges, and James Smith, and 
 also the other two Englishmen which he the king's 
 son. had enforced to become Turks as is aforesaid. 
 And they, the said Englishmen, finding now some 
 opportunity, concluded with the Christian captives 
 which were going with them unto Constantinople, 
 being in number about 150, to kill the king's son 
 and all the Turks which were aboard of the galley, 
 and privily the said Englishmen conveyed unto the 
 said Christian captives weapons for that purpose. 
 And when they came into the main sea, towards 
 Constantinople (upon the faithful promise of the 
 said Christian captives) these four Englishmen 
 leapt suddenly into the crossia — that is, into the 
 middest of the galley, where the cannon lieth — -and 
 with their swords drawn, did fight against all the 
 foresaid Turks, and for want of help of the said 
 Christian captives, who falsely brake their promises, 
 the said Master Blonket's boy was killed and the 
 said James Smith, and our purser Richard Burges,
 
 i iU V O Y AG K 1 ! S. TALK S . 
 
 and the other Englishmen were taken and bound 
 into ehaius, 10 be handed at their arrival in Con- 
 stantinople. And, as the Lord's will was, about two 
 days after, pas. inir through the Gulf of Venice, at 
 an island call* d Cephalonia, they met with two of 
 the Duke of Venice, his galleys, which took that 
 galley, and killed the king's son and his mother, 
 and all the Turks that were there, in number 150, 
 and they saved the Christian captives ; and would 
 have killed the two English m n, because they were 
 iincised and become Turks, had not the other 
 Christian captives excised them, saying that they 
 were enforced to be Turks by the king's son, and 
 showed the Venetians how thev did enterprise at 
 si.m to fight against all the Turks, and, that their 
 two fellows were slain in that light. Then the 
 Venetians saved them, and they, with all the 
 residue of the said captives, had their liberty, 
 which were in number 1 -"50 or thereabouts, and the 
 said irallev and all the Turks' treasure was coniis- 
 i to the use of the Sia-eof Venice. And from 
 thenee our two Kn^li-hmmi travelled homeward bv 
 land, and in this m'-aniime we had one more of our 
 compauv wbieli .. ..-d in Zanto, and afterwards the 
 other eight iejp.-d tlietuseh -s at Zante in a ship 
 of the said .M;uvin S'gonrus wdiidi was bound for 
 England. Ann before we departed thence, there
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 61 
 
 arrived the Ascension and the George Bonaventure 
 of London, in Cephalonia, in a harbour there 
 called Arrogostoria, whose merchants agreed with 
 the merchants of our ship, and so laded all tho 
 merchandise of our ship into the said ships of Lon- 
 don, who took us eight also in as passengers, and 
 -o w r e came home. And within two months after 
 our arrival at London our said purser Richard 
 I > urges, and his fellow, came home also, for the 
 which we are bound to praise Almighty God 
 ■luiing our lives, and, as duty bindeth us, to pray 
 for the preservation of our most gracious Queen, 
 for the great care her Majesty had over us, her 
 poor subjects, in seeking and procuring of our 
 deliverance aforesaid, and also for her Honourable 
 Privy Council ; and I especially for the prosperity 
 and good estate of the house of the late deceased, 
 the Eight Honourable the Earl of Bedford, whose 
 honour I must confess most diligently, at the suit 
 of my father now departed, travailed herein- — for 
 the which I rest continually bounden to him, whoso 
 soul I doubt not but already is in die heavens in joy, 
 with the Almighty, unto which place He vouchsafed 
 to bring us all, that for our sins suffered most vile 
 and shameful death upon the cross, there to live 
 perpetually world without end, Amen.
 
 62 VOYAGEES' TALKS. 
 
 The Queen's letters to the Turk, 15 84. for the resti- 
 tution, of the ship, called the Jesus, and the 
 English captives detained in Tripolis, in Bar- 
 ban/, nnd for certain other prisoners in 
 Algiers. 
 Elizabeth, by the grace of the Most High God 
 and only Maker of Heaven and Earth, of England, 
 France, and Ireland Queen, and of the Christian 
 faith, against all the idolaters and false professors 
 of the name of Christ dwelling among the Chris- 
 tians, most invincible and pui>sant Defender ; to 
 the most valiant and invincible Prince, Sultan 
 Murad Can. the most mighty ruler of the Kingdom 
 of Mussulman and of the East Empire, the only 
 and highest monarch above all, health and many 
 happy and fortunate years, with great abundance 
 of the best things. 
 
 Most noble and puissant Emperor, about two 
 years now past, we wrote unto your Imperial 
 Majesty that our well-beloved servant, William 
 Harebrown, a man of great reputation and honour. 
 iniixht be received under your high authority for 
 our ambassador in Constantinople and other places, 
 under the obedience of your Empire of Mussulman: 
 and also that the Englishmen being our subjects 
 might exercise intercourse and merchandise in all
 
 THOMAS SANDEKS. 63 
 
 those provinces no less freely than the French, Polo- 
 
 nians, Venetians, Germans, and other your confeder- 
 ates, which travel through divers of the East parts : 
 endeavouring that by mutual traffic the East may 
 be joined and knit to the West. 
 
 Which privileges, when as your most puissant 
 Majesty by your letters and under your dispensation 
 most liberally and favourably granted to our sub- 
 jects of England, we could no less do but in that 
 respect give you as great thanks as our heart could 
 conceive, trusting that it will come to pass that 
 this order of traffic so well ordained will bring with 
 itself most great profits and commodities to both 
 sides, as well to the parties subject to your Empire 
 as to the provinces of our Kingdom. 
 
 Which thing, that it may be done in plain and 
 effectual manner, whereas some of our subjects of 
 late at Tripolis in Barbary, and at Algiers, were by 
 the inhabitants of those places (being perhaps 
 ignorant of your pleasure) evil intreated and 
 grievously vexed, we do friendly and lovingly 
 desire your Imperial Majesty that you will under- 
 stand their causes by our ambassador, and after- 
 ward give commandment to the lieutenants and 
 presidents of those provinces, that our people may 
 henceforth freely, without any violence or injury, 
 travel and do their business in those places.
 
 bi UJEItS IALKS. 
 
 And we again with all endeavour shall study to 
 perform all those things which we shall in any 
 wise understand to be acceptable to your Imperial 
 Majesty, which God, the only Maker of the World. 
 Most Best and Most Great, long keep in health and 
 flourishing. Given in our Palace at London, the 
 Hth day of the month of S ptember, in the year of 
 Jesus Christ our Saviour lotf-i, and of oar reign 
 the twenty-sixth. 
 
 2 he commandment obtained of the Grand Signior 
 by her Majesty s an ' •-■.-" dor, fur the quint 
 passing oj her tml>j<;rfs to and from Ids d<>- 
 ' in Anno ]'^\ to the Viceroy-:, 
 Algiers, 'Tun's, and Tri/mlis in Barhary. 
 To our B if \i_:-rs. We certify thee 
 
 by this our comma] e right ; onourablc 
 
 William Har r to the Queen's 
 
 Majesty of I i us that 
 
 the ■ >unl ry, in ; Ik ir comii g and re- 
 
 turning to ai pari 
 
 !..r. e tl in us, Florentines, 
 
 SicilianH, and Maltese, on the other part our 
 
 . which above 
 said Cliri er their egress 
 
 and regre and out of our dominions, but to 
 
 take and make the men captives, and forfeit tin
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. bo 
 
 ships and goods, as the last year the Maltese did 
 one which they took at Gerbi, and to that end do 
 continually lie in wait for them to their destruction, 
 whereupon they are constrained to stand to their 
 defence at any such times as they might meet with 
 them; wherefore considering by this means they 
 must stand upon their guard when they shall see. 
 any galley afar off, whereby if meeting with any of 
 your galleys, and not knowing them, in their de- 
 fence they do shoot at them, and yet after, when they 
 do certainly know them, do not shoot any more, but 
 require to pass peaceably on their voyage, which 
 you would deny, saying, "The peace is broken, for 
 that you have shot at us, and so do make prize of 
 them, contrary to our privileges, and against reason : " 
 for the preventing of which inconvenience the 
 said ambassador hath required this our command- 
 ment. We therefore command thee that upon 
 sight hereof thou do not permit any such matter in 
 no sort whatsoever, but suffer the said Englishmen 
 to p:iss in peace, according to tee tenor of our 
 commandment given, without any disturbance or 
 let by any means upon the way, although that, 
 meeting with thy galleys, and nut knowing them 
 afar on', they, taking them for enemies, should 
 shoot at them, yet shall ye not suiter them to hurt 
 them therefor, but quietly to pass. Wherefore 
 c— 23
 
 GU V0YAGEH3 TALKS. 
 
 look thou, that they may have right according to 
 our privilege given them, and rinding any that ab- 
 senteth hims df and will not obey this our com- 
 mandment, presently certify us to our porch, that 
 we may give order for his punishment; and with 
 reverence give faithful credit to this our command- 
 ment, which having read, thou shalt again return it 
 unto them that present it. From our palace in 
 Constantinople, the prime of June, 1584. 
 
 The Turks L tt> r to the King of Tripolis, inBarbary, 
 commanding the restitution of an English ship, 
 culled the Jesus, v:\th the men dud goods, sent 
 from Constantinople by Mahomet Beg, a. 
 justice of the Great Turk's, and an English 
 gentleman, called Master Edv'ard Barton.. 
 A nno 1584. 
 Honourable and most worthy Pasha Romadan 
 Bc-lci-b"g ) most wise and prudent judge of the 
 West Trip >Iis. we wish the end of all thy enter- 
 prises happy and prosperous. By these our High- 
 ii'-ss's l'-ti :'-• we certify thee that the Right 
 Honour;!' !e \\ illiam Harebrowne, Ambassador in 
 our ' porch for the most excellent 
 
 'f Ihigland, in person and by 
 lftt'Ts hath c-rtiiird our Highness that a certain 
 (ship, with all her furniture and artillery, worth
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 67 
 
 two thousand ducats, arriving in the port of 
 Tripolis, and discharged of her lading and mer- 
 chandise, paid our custom according to order, and 
 again the merchants laded their ship with oil, 
 which by constraint they were enforced to buy of 
 you, and having answered in like manner the 
 custom for the same, determined to depart. A 
 Frenchman, assistant to the merchant, unknown 
 10 the Englishmen, carried away with him another 
 Frenchman indebted to a certain Moor in four 
 hundred ducats, and by force caused the English- 
 men and ship to depart, who, neither suspecting 
 fraud nor deceit, hoisted sails. In the mean- 
 time, this man, whose debtor the Frenchman had 
 stolen away, went to the Pasha with a supplication, 
 by whose means, and force of the Castle, the 
 Englishmen were constrained to return into the 
 port, where the Frenchman, author of the evil, 
 with the master of the ship, an Englishman, inno- 
 cent of the crime, were hanged, and five-and- 
 twenty Englishmen cast into prison, of whom, 
 through famine and thirst, and stink of the prison, 
 eleven died, and the rest were like to die. Further, it 
 was signified to our Majesty also that the merchan- 
 dise and other goods with the ship were worth 
 seven thousand six hundred ducats. Which things, 
 if they be so, this is our commandment, which was
 
 fcte' VOYAGERS' TALKS. 
 
 granted and given by our Majesty, tliaf the Englisl 
 ship, and all the merchandise, and whatsoever else, 
 was taken away, he wholly restored, and that the 
 Englishmen be let go free, and suffered to return 
 into their country. Wherefore, when this our 
 commandment shall come unto iheo, we straightlv 
 command that the foresaid business be diligently 
 looked unto and discharged. And it it be so thai 
 a Frenchman, and no Englishman, hath done this 
 craft and wickedness, unknown to the Englishmen, 
 and, as author of the wickedness, is punished, and 
 that the Englishmen committed nothing against 
 the peace and league, or their articles; also, it 
 they paid custom according to order, it is against 
 law, custom of countries, and their privilege, to 
 hinder or hurt them. Neither is it meet their 
 ship, merchandise, and all their goods taken should 
 be withholden. We will, therefore, that the 
 English ship, merchandise, and all other their 
 goods, without exception, be restored to the 
 Englishmen; also, that the men I-' let go free, 
 and, if thev will, let none hinder them to return 
 peaceably into their country; do not commit that 
 thev anoth i' time complain of this ma i ter, and 
 how this business is di-.-p; i -lied certify us at our 
 most famous porch. Mated in the city of Constan 
 t'nople, in the I ine hue in d ai d ninety-second year
 
 THOMAS SANDKUH. Gl» 
 
 of Mahomet, and in tin' end of the month of 
 October, and the year of Jesus 158-k 
 
 ./ letter of Master William Harebrowne, the English 
 Ambassador, Ledger in Constantinople, to the 
 Pasha Ramadan, the Beglerbeg oj Tri polls, in 
 Barbary, for the restoring of an English ship, 
 called the Jesus, with goods and men detained 
 as slaves, 15So. 
 Right Honourable Lord, it hath been signified 
 unto us by divers letters, what hath fallen out 
 concerning a certain ship of ours, called the Jesus, 
 into which, for the help of Richard Skegs, one of 
 our merchants in the same, now deceased, there 
 was admitted a certain Frenchman, called Komaine 
 Sonnings, which for his ill behaviour, according to 
 his deserts, seeking to carry away with him another 
 Frenchman, which was indebted to certain of your 
 people, without paying his creditors, was hanged 
 by sentence of justice, together with Andrew Dier, 
 the master of the said ship, who, simply and with- 
 out fraud, giving credit to the said Frenchman, 
 without any knowledge of this evil fact, did not 
 return when he was commanded by your honour- 
 able lordship. The death of the said lewd French- 
 man we approve as a thing well done, but contrari- 
 wise, whereas your lordship hath confiscated the
 
 .'.I VOYAGERS lALKri. 
 
 said ship, with the goods therein, and hath made 
 slaves of the mariners, as a thing altogether 
 contrary to the privileges of the Grand Signior, 
 granted four years sine, and confirmed by us, on 
 
 the behalf of the most excellent the Queen's 
 Majesty of Kngland, our mistress, and altogether 
 contrary to the league of the said Grand Signior, 
 who, being fully informed of the aforesaid cause, 
 hath granted unto us his royal commandment of 
 restitution, which we send unto your honourable 
 lordship by the present bearer, Edward Barton, 
 our secretary, and Mahomet Beg, one of the 
 justices of his stately court, with other letters of 
 the most excellent Admiral and most valiant 
 captain of the sea, requiring your most honourable 
 lordship, as well on the behalf of the Grand 
 Signior as of the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, 
 my mistress, that the men, oils, ship, furniture, 
 money, and all other goods whatsoever, by your 
 lord>hip and your order taken from our men. be 
 restored unto this my secretary freely, without 
 delay, as the Grand Signior of hb ■..■> dness hath 
 granted unto us. especially in p'vard that the same 
 oils wen.' bought by the commandment of our 
 Queen's mo.^t b.vellent Majesty for the provision 
 of her Court. Which if you perform not, we 
 protest by these our letter.- against you, that you
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 71 
 
 are the cause of all the inconveniences which may 
 ensue upon this occasion, as the author thereof 
 contrary to the holy league sworn by both our 
 princes, as by the privileges, which this our servant 
 will show you, may appear. For the seeing of 
 which league performed, we remain here as Ledger 
 in this stately court, and by this means you shall 
 answer in another world unto God alone, and in 
 this world unto the Grand Signior, for this heinous 
 sin committed by you against so many poor souls, 
 which by this your cruelty are in part dead, and in 
 part detained by you in most miserable captivity. 
 Contrariwise, if it shall please you to avoid this 
 mischief, and to remain in the favour of Almighty 
 God and of our princes, you shall friendly fulfil 
 this our just demand (as it behoveth you to show 
 yourself a prudent governor and faithful servant 
 unto your lord), and the same may turn to your 
 great honour and profit by the trade of merchandise, 
 which our men in time to come may use in 
 that government of yours, which, generally, as 
 well those poor men as all others which you shall 
 meet at the sea, ought to be, according to the 
 commandment of the Grand Signior, friendly enter- 
 tained and received of your honourable lordship ; 
 and we will not fail in the duties of a special 
 tiiend whensoever you shall have occasion to use
 
 ll VOYAGKRS TALKS. 
 
 us as we desire. A 1 might \ (»od grant unto your 
 lordship (in the fulfilling of this our just request, 
 whereby we may be delivered from further trouble 
 in this matter and yourself from further displeasure) 
 
 all true felicity and increase of honour. (liven in 
 our palace from Capamat, in Pera, the 15th of 
 January, 15S5. 
 
 A brief extract specifying the certain daily pay- 
 ments, ansioered quarterly in time of peace, by 
 the G 'rand Siynior, out of his treasury, to the 
 officers of his Serayh > or Court, successively in 
 deyrees ; collected in a yearly total sum a-; 
 follov:etli : 
 For his own diet every day, one thousand and 
 one aspers, according to a former custom received 
 from his ancestors; notwithstanding that otherwise 
 his diurnal expense is very much, and w>\ certainly 
 known, which sum m.tketh sterling money hy the 
 year, two thousand one hundred and ninety-two 
 pom ' ■ ' ' hillings, and ciidd ; i lice. 
 
 'I'he forty-Jive thousand janizaries, reparted 
 into sundry [daces of his dominions, at five aspers 
 a dav. amoui I red four- 
 
 sci >re and (deven thousand and I hree !. undred 
 
 !ii' a/anin^'iaii 
 
 hoi li'i n !ar mi rui .11 ni
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. ,v> 
 
 that number, for that they are collected from among 
 the Christians, from whom between the years of 
 live and twelve they are pulled away yearly per- 
 force ; whereof I suppose those in service maybe 
 equal in number with the janisaries abovesaid, at 
 three aspers a day, one with another, which is two 
 hundred fourscore and fifteen thousand liv6 hun- 
 dred and fifty pounds. 
 
 The five Pashas whereof the Viceroy is supreme, 
 at one thousand aspei-s the day, besides their 
 yearly revenues, amounteth sterling by the year, 
 ten thousand nine hundred and fifty pounds. 
 
 The five Beglerbegs, chief presidents of Greece, 
 Hungary, and Slavonia. being in Europe, in Ana- 
 tolia, and Carmania of Asia, at one thousand aspers 
 the day; as also 10 eighteen other governors of 
 provinces at live hundred aspers the day, amounteth 
 !)V the year thirty thousand five hundred and three 
 -'•ore pounds. 
 
 The Pasha, admiral of the sea, one thousand 
 aspers the day. two thousand one hundred fourscore 
 and ten thousand pounds. 
 
 The Aga of the janizaries, general of the foot- 
 men, five hundred aspers the day, and maketh by 
 the year in sn-rlinu- money one thousand fours 
 and fifteen pounds. 
 
 The Lmbrahur Pasha, master of his horse, one
 
 71 \ "> \gers talks. 
 
 hundred and fifty aspers the day, in sterling money 
 three hundred and eight and twenty pounds. 
 
 The chief (.'sijuirc under him, one hundred and 
 fifty aspers, is three hundi'ed and eight and twenty 
 pounds. 
 
 The Agas of the Spahi, captains of the hor.->e 
 men, five at o ;d and fifty a.-p ;rs to eithei 
 
 of them, maketli iterlmg one thousand nine hun 
 died threeseore and eleven pounds. 
 
 The Capagi Pashas, head porters, four, one hun- 
 dred and fifty aspers to each, and maketii out in 
 sterling money by the year, one thousand three 
 hundred and fourteen pound--. 
 
 The Sisinghir Pasha, controller of the household. 
 one hundred and twenty aspers the day, and 
 maketli out in sterling money by the year, two 
 hundred threescore and two pounds, sixteen 
 shillings. 
 
 The Chiaus Pasha, captain of the pensioners, one 
 hundred and twenty aspers the day, and 
 amounteth to, by the year, in sterling money, two 
 hundred threescore and two pounds, sixteen 
 .shillings. 
 
 The Capigilar Caiafi, captain of his barge, one 
 hundred and twenty aspers the day, and maketli 
 nut by the year, in sterling money, two hundred 
 threescore and two pounds, sixteen shillings.
 
 THOMAS SANDEK l'\ 
 
 The Solach Bassi, captain of his guard, one 
 hundred and twenty aspers, two hundred three- 
 score and two pounds, sixteen shillings. 
 
 The Giebrigi Bassi, master of the armoury, one 
 hundred and twenty aspers, two hundred threescore 
 and two pounds, sixteen shillings. 
 
 The Topagi Bassi, master of the artillery, one 
 hundred and twenty aspers, two hundred three- 
 score and two pounds, sixteen shillings. 
 
 The Echini Bassi, physician to his person, one 
 hundred and twenty aspers, two hundred three- 
 score and two pounds, sixteen shillings. 
 
 The forty physicians under him, to each forty 
 aspers is three thousand eight hundred threescore 
 and six pounds, sixteen shillings. 
 
 The Mustafaracas, spearmen attending on his 
 person, in number 500, to either threescore aspers, 
 and maketh sterling threescore and live thousand 
 and seven hundred pounds. 
 
 The Cisingeri, gentlemen attending upon his 
 diet, forty, at forty aspers each of them, and 
 amounteth to sterling by the year, three thousand 
 tive hundred and four pounds. 
 
 The Chiausi, pensioners, four hundred and forty, 
 at thirty aspers, twenty-eight thousand nine hun- 
 dred and eight pounds. 
 
 The Capagi, porters of the Court and city, four
 
 VOYAGEKS' TALES. 
 
 hundred at eiidit aspers, and maketh sterling moupv 
 liv the vear, seven thousand and eight pounds. 
 
 The Solachi, archers of his guard, three hundred 
 and twenty, at nine aspers, and comet 1 1 unto, in 
 [•mulish monev, tin* sum of six thousand three 
 hundred and six pound-'. 
 
 The Spain", men of arms of the (Jourfc and the 
 city, ten thousand, at twenty-five aspers, ami 
 maketh of Lmglish money, live hundred forty and 
 seven thousand and five hundred pounds. 
 
 The Janisaries, sixteen thousand, at six aspers. 
 is two hundred and ten thousand and two hundred 
 and forty pounds. 
 
 The Giebegi, furhi di-Ts of armour, on" thousand 
 live hundred, at, sin aspers, and amounteth to 
 sterling money, nineteen thousand seven hundred 
 and fourscore pi amds. 
 
 The Seiefir, servitors in his esquire or stable, 
 live hundred, at two aspers, and maketh sterling 
 money, two thousand one hundred fourscore and 
 ten pounds. 
 
 The Saeli. saddlers and hit-makers, five hundred, 
 at seven aspers, seven thousand six hundred threi 
 score and five pounds. 
 
 The Uapergi, carriers upon mules, two hundred, 
 at five aspers, two thousand one hundred fourscore 
 and ten pounds.
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 77 
 
 The Ginegi, curriers upon camels, one thousand 
 five hundred, at eight aspers, and amounteth in 
 sterling money to twenty-six thousand two hundred 
 
 and fourscore pounds. 
 
 The Eei/., or captains of the galleys, three 
 hundred, at ten aspers, and amounteth in English 
 money, by the year, the sum of six thousand five 
 hundred threescore and ten pounds. 
 
 The Alechingi, masters of the said galleys, three 
 hundred, at seven aspers, four thousand five hun- 
 dred fourscore and nineteen pounds. 
 
 The Getti, boatswains thereof, three hundred, at 
 six aspers, is three thousand nine hundred forty 
 and two pounds. 
 
 The Oda Dassi, pursers, three hundred, at five 
 ispers, maketh three thousand two hundred and 
 fourscore pounds. 
 
 The Azappi, soldiers, two thousand six hundred, 
 at four aspers, whereof the five hundred do con- 
 tinually keep the galleys, two-and-twenty thousand 
 seven hundred fourscore and six pounds. 
 
 The Mariers Bassi, masters over the shipwrights 
 and caulkers of the navy, nine, at twenty aspers 
 the piece, amounteth to three thousand fourscore 
 and four pounds, lour shillings. 
 
 The Master Dassi, shipwrights and caulker.-, 
 one thousand, at fourteen aspers, and amounteth to.
 
 7^ voyagers' talks. 
 
 by the year, thirty thousand six hundred and three- 
 score pounds. 
 
 Summit Intuits of daily payments amounteth by 
 the year sterling one million nine hundred three- 
 score eight thousand seven hundred and thirty 
 five pounds, nineteen shillings, and eight pence. 
 answered quarterly without default with the sum 
 of four hundred fourscore twelve thousand one 
 hundred fourscore and four pounds, four shillings, 
 and eleven penee, and is for every day live thousand 
 three hundred fourscore and thirteen pounds, 
 fifteen shillings, and ten pence. 
 
 A iriiv'it i< s oj hinds ivver improved five times mow: 
 in ft'Ii" limn tlirir sums mentioned, r/ioen hy 
 t/ie S'l'nl Grand Si;/nior nsfolhtneth; 
 
 To the Viceroy for his timar or annuity, GO.OO'J 
 gold ducat i. 
 
 To the second pasha for his annuity, 50,000 
 ducat ■«. 
 
 To the third pasha for his annuity, 40,000 
 ducats. 
 
 To the fourth pasha for his .annuity. 30,000 
 ducal 
 
 To the (iiih yadia for his annuity, 20,000 
 ducats. 
 
 To the eaptain of flie janizaries, L'O.OOO ducats.
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 79 
 
 To the Jou Merhor Bassi, master of his horse, 
 1 o,000 ducats. 
 
 To the captain of the pensioners, 10,000 ducats. 
 
 To the captain of his guard, 5,000 ducats. 
 
 Summa totalis, 90,000 livres sterling. 
 
 Besides these above specified be sundry other 
 annuities, given to divers others of his aforesaid 
 officers, as also to certain persons called Sahims. 
 diminishing from three thousand to two hundred 
 ducats, esteemed treble to surmount the annuity 
 abovesaid. 
 
 The Turk's Chief Officers. 
 
 The Viceroy is high treasurer, notwithstanding 
 that under him be three sub-treasurers, called 
 Testaders, winch be accountable to him of the 
 receipts out of Europe, Asia, and Africa, save their 
 vearlv annuitv of lands. 
 
 The Lord Chancellor is called Xissangi Pasha, 
 who sealeth with a certain proper character such 
 licenses, safe-conducts, passports, especial grams, 
 etc., as proceed from the Grand Signior ; notwith- 
 standing all letters to foreign princes so tinned he 
 after enclosed in a hay and scaled by the Grand 
 Signior, with a signet which he ordinarily weareth 
 about his neck, credited of them to have been ot 
 ancient appertaining to King Solomon the Wise.
 
 80 ' voyagers' talks. 
 
 The Admiral giveth his voice in the election of 
 all bogies, captains of islands (to whom he giveth 
 their cliarge), as also appointeth the sub-pashas, 
 bailies or constables over cities and towns upon the 
 sea-coasts about Constantinople and in the Archi 
 pelau f o, whereof he reapeth great profit. 
 
 The Sub-bassi of Pera payeth him nearly fifteen 
 thousand ducats, and so likewise either of the others, 
 according as they are placed. 
 
 The Kesistop served) in office to the Viceroy 
 and Chancellor as secretary, and so likewise doth 
 the Cogy, Ma>ter of the Rolls, before which two 
 pass all writings presented to or granted by the 
 said Viceroy and Chancellor, oiliees "f especial 
 credit and like profit, moreover rewarded with 
 annuities of lands. 
 
 There be also two chief judges named Ladies 
 
 Li squire, the one over Europe and the other over 
 
 *. 
 
 Asia and Africa, which in e< uri do sit on the bench 
 at the left hand of the pashas. The-e --ell all ofiices 
 to the under-judu'es of the called Cadie-. 
 
 whereof is one in every city or town, before whom 
 all matters of controversy are by M decide,!. 
 
 as also penalties and eorreetmns lor crimes or- 
 dained i" be executed up.,n ;;,>■ offenders by : : 
 Sub-1 ■
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 8) 
 
 The number of Soldiers continually attending upon 
 
 the Beglerbegs, the Governors of Provinces, 
 and Sangiacks, and their petty Captains main- 
 tained of these Provinces. 
 
 fGnecia 40,0001 
 
 Buda 15,000 I 
 
 Slavonia 15,000 
 
 Anatolia 15,000 
 
 Carainania 15,000 
 
 Armenia 18,000 
 
 Persia 20,000 
 
 Usdrura 15,000 
 
 Chirusta 15,000 
 
 Canvmiti 30,000 
 
 Ciersul 32,000 
 
 Bagdad 25,000 } 
 
 Balsara 22,000 
 
 Lassaija 17,000 
 
 Aleppo 25,000 
 
 Damascus 17,000 
 
 Cairo 12,000 
 
 Abes 12,000 
 
 Mecca 8,000 
 
 Cyprus 18,000 
 
 Tunis, in harbary .... 8,000 
 
 Tripolis, in Syria .... 8,000 
 
 Algiers' 40,000 ) 
 
 to 
 
 u 
 
 pq
 
 Hi! voyagers' tales. 
 
 Whose sangiacks and petty captains be three 
 hundred and sixty-eight, every of which retaining 
 continually in pay from five hundred to two 
 hundred soldiers, may lie, one with another, at 
 least three hundred thousand persons. 
 
 Chi?/ Officers in his Seraglio about his person be 
 these : 
 Capiaga, high porter. 
 Alnader Bassi, treasurer. 
 Oda Bassi, chamberlain. 
 Killergi Bassi, steward. 
 Saraiaga, controller. 
 E'eskerolen, groom of the chamber. 
 Edostoglan, gentleman of the ewer. 
 Sehetaraga, armour-bearer. 
 Choataraga, lie that earrieth his riding cloak. 
 Ebietaraga, groom of the stool. 
 There be many other meaner offices, which ] 
 esteem superfluous to write. 
 
 The Tories Yearly Revenue. 
 The Grand Signior's annual revenue is said to 
 be fourteen millions and a half of golden ducats, 
 which is sterling five millions eight scorethousand 
 
 pounds. 
 
 The tribute paid by the Christians, his subjects,
 
 THOMAS SANDERS. 83 
 
 is one gold ducat yearly for the redemption of 
 every head, which may amount unto not so little 
 as one million of golden ducats, which is sterling' 
 three hundred and threescore thousand pounds. 
 
 Moreover, in time of war he exacteth manifold 
 sums, for maintenance of his army and navy, of the 
 said Christians. 
 
 The Emperor payeth him yearly tribute for 
 Hungary threescore thousand dollars, which is 
 sterling thirteen thousand pounds, besides presents 
 to the Viceroy and pashas, which are said to 
 surmount twenty thousand dollars. 
 
 A mbassadors' Allowances. 
 
 The ambassador of the Emperor is allowed one 
 thousand aspers the day. 
 
 The ambassador of the French king heretofore 
 enjoyed the like ; but of late years, by means of 
 displeasure conceived by Mahomet, then Viceroy, 
 it was reduced to six crowns the day, besides the 
 provision of his esquire of stable. 
 
 The ambassador of Poland and for the State of 
 Venice are not Ledgers as these two abovesaid. The 
 said Polack is allowed twelve French crowns the dav 
 during his abode, which may lie for a month. Verv 
 seldom do the State of Venice' send any ambassador 
 otherwise than enforced of urgent necessity ; but
 
 Si VOYAGERS TALES. 
 
 instead tliereof keep there their agent, president 
 over their merchants, of them termed a bailiff, who 
 hath no allowance of the Grand Signior, although 
 his port and state is in manner as magnifical as the 
 other aforesai 1 ambassadors'. The Spanish am 
 bassador was equal with others in janisaries ; but 
 for so in "'-ii us he would not, according to custom. 
 follow rhi list of other ambassadors in making 
 presents tu the Grand Signior, he had no allowance. 
 His abode there was three years, at the end 
 whereof, Laving concluded a truce for six years. 
 taking place from his first coming in November last 
 p.-,si. h" was never admitted to the presence ot 
 ili>' < i ratio 1 Si'iiiinr. 
 
 A TIU'K KKPORTOFA WORTHY FIGHT. 
 
 l'frj'nfufil in tlo coijinj from Turk". if by fici s/o'jis 
 of London, oy«in-t ''■■,■■ ,, rjalb-y* and tv:>> 
 frirj'ites off},* K'lmj i,f Spain's, at /'■■', >?. ila,-- ". 
 vithln /''•" ttwlf.i, A„„o 15S'J. Written by 
 bn 1 1 Ti- Jokes. 
 Tin-; m»'ivliMii!s of London. liciiiLT of the incorpora- 
 tor tin' i nvk' •" ' rad'', ha\ it;u i ••ivi , «l in- 
 
 ' ' - '!im hi - fri .in t ime to t ilia 
 that th" Kim: "I Spain, grudging at the prosperity
 
 PHTT.IP JONES. R. r > 
 
 of this kingdom, had not only of late arrested all 
 English ships, bodies, and goods in Spain, but also, 
 maligning the quiet traffic which they used, to and 
 in the dominions and provinces under the obedience 
 of the Great Turk, had given orders to the captains 
 of his galleys in the Levant to hinder the passage 
 of all English ships, and to endeavour by their 
 best means to intercept, take, and spoil them, their 
 persons and goods ; they hereupon thought it their 
 best course to set out their fleet for Turkey in 
 such strength and ability for their defence that the 
 purpose of their Spanish enemy might the better 
 be prevented, and the voyage accomplished with 
 greater security to the men and ships. For which 
 cause, live tall and stout ships appertaining to 
 London, and intending only a merchant's voyage, 
 were provided and furnished with all things be- 
 longing to the seas, the names whereof were 
 these : — 
 
 1. The Merchant Royal, a very brave and 
 
 goodly ship, and of great report. 
 
 2. The Toby. 
 
 3. The Edward Bonav at are. 
 
 4. The William and John. 
 • r ). The Susan. 
 
 These five departing from the coast of England 
 in the month of November, lo8o, kept together as
 
 Rfi vova<;ers" tat.f.s. 
 
 one fleet, till they came as high as t lie isle of Sicily, 
 within the Levant, Ami there, according to the 
 order and direction of the voyage, each ship began 
 to take leave of the i;est, and to separate himself, 
 setting his course for the particular port whereunto 
 lie was bound — one for Tripolis in Syria, another 
 for Constantinople, the chief city of the Turk's 
 empire, situated upon the coast of Roumelia, called 
 of old Thracia, and the rest to those places where- 
 unto they were privately appointed. But before 
 they divided themselves, they altogether consulted 
 of and about a certain and special place for their 
 meeting again after the lading of their goods at 
 their several ports. And in conclusion, the general 
 agreement was to meet at Zante, an island near to 
 the main continent of the west part of Morea, well 
 known to all the pilots, and thought to be the 
 fittest place for their rendezvous ; concerning which 
 meeting it was also covenanted on each side and 
 promised that whatsoever ship of these live should 
 first arrive at Zante, should there stay and expect 
 the coming of the rest of the ileet for the space of 
 twenty days. This being done, each man made 
 his best haste, according as wind and weather 
 would serve him, to fulfil his course and to despatch 
 his business ; and no need was there to admonish 
 or encourage any man. seeing no time was ill-spent
 
 I'HILII' JUNKS. S7 
 
 nor opportunity omitted on any side in the per- 
 formance of each man's duty, according to his 
 place. 
 
 It fell out that the Toby, which was bound for 
 Constantinople, had made such good speed, and 
 gotten such good weather, that she first of all the 
 rest came back to the appointed place of Zante, 
 and not forgetting the former conclusion, did there 
 cast anchor, attending the arrival of the rest of the 
 fleet, which accordingly (their business first per- 
 formed) failed not to keep promise. The first next 
 after the Toby was the Royal Merchant, which, 
 together with the William and John, came from 
 Tripolis in Syria, and arrived in Zante within the 
 compass of the aforesaid time limited. These ships, 
 in token of the joy on all parts conceived for their 
 happy meeting, spared not the discharging of their 
 ordnance, the sounding of drums and trumpets, the 
 spreading of ensigns, with other warlike and joyful 
 behaviours, expressing by these outward signs the 
 inward gladness of their minds, being all as ready 
 to join together in mutual consent to resist the 
 cruel enemy, as now in sporting manner they made 
 mirth and pastime among themselves. These three 
 had not been long in the haven but the Edward 
 Bonaventure, together with the Susan her consort, 
 were come from Venice with their lading, the sight
 
 VOYAGERS TALKS. 
 
 of whom increased the joy of the rest, and they, no 
 loss glad nf the presence of the others, saluted them 
 in must friendly and kind sort, according to the 
 manner of the seas. And whereas some of these 
 ships stood at that instant in some want of victuals, 
 they were all content to stay in the port till the 
 necessities of each ship were supplied, and nothing 
 wanted to set out for their return. 
 
 In this port of Xante the news was fresh and 
 current of two several armies and fleets, provided 
 by the King of Spain, and lying in wait to intercept 
 them: the one consisting of thirty strong galleys, 
 so well appointed in all respects for the war that 
 no necessary thing wanted, ami this fleet hovered 
 aliout the Straits of Gibraltar. The other army 
 had in it twenty galleys, whereof some were of 
 Sicily and some of the island of .Malta, under the 
 i -barge ami government of John Andreas Dorea, a 
 
 ■aptaiu of name servingthe King of Spain. These 
 
 divers and stioi g lleets waited and attended in 
 
 n >r noi e but the Kmdi-di .-hips, and no 
 
 iluubt made their account and sure reckoning that 
 
 not a ship should e.>cape their fury. And the 
 
 opinion al.-o of the inhabitants' of the isle of Zante 
 
 whs, that in re-pecl of the number of galleys in 
 
 these armies having received such si rait 
 
 ommaiidment from the king, our ships and men
 
 PHILIP JONES. ' 8!) 
 
 being but few and little in comparison of them, it 
 was a thing in human reason impossible that we 
 should pass either without spoiling, if we resisted, 
 or without composition at the least, and acknow- 
 ledgment of duty to the Spanish king. 
 
 But it was neither the report of the attendance 
 of these armies, nor the opinions of the people, nor 
 anything else, that could daunt or dismay the 
 courage of our men, who, grotmding themselves 
 upon the goodness of their cause and the promise 
 of God to be delivered from such as without reason 
 sought their destruction, carried resolute minds 
 notwithstanding all impediments to adventure 
 through the seas, and to finish their navigation 
 maugre the beards of the Spanish soldiers. But 
 lest they should seem too careless and too secure 
 of their estate, and by laying the whole and entire! 
 burden of their safety upon God's Providence 
 should foolishly presume altogether of His help, 
 and neglect the means which was put, into their 
 hands, they failed not to enter into counsel among 
 themselves and to deliberate advisedly for their 
 best defence. And in the end. with general con- 
 sent, the Merchant Iioyal was appointed Admiral 
 of the fleet, and the Toby Yice-Admiral, by whose 
 orders the rest promised to be directed, and each 
 sh ip vowed not to break from another whatsoever
 
 [)() VOYAGEES TALKS. 
 
 extremity should fall out, but to stand to it to the 
 death, for the honour of their country and the 
 frustrating of the hope of the ambitious and proud 
 enemy. 
 
 Thus in good order they left Zante and the 
 Castle of Grecia, and committed themselves again 
 to the seas, and proceeded in their course and 
 voyage in quietness, without sight of any enemy 
 till they came near to Pantalarea, an island so 
 called betwixt Sicily and the coast of Africa ; into 
 sight whereof they came the 13th day of July, 
 15^6. And the same day, in the morning, about 
 seven of the clock, they descried thirteen sails in 
 number, which were of the galleys lying in wait 
 of purpose for them in and about that place. As 
 soon as the English shins had spied them, they 
 hyand-bye, according to a common order, made 
 themselves ready for a fight, laid out their ordnance, 
 scoured, charged, and primed them, displayed their 
 ensigns, and left nothing undone to arm fhonwdves 
 thoroughly. hi th<' meantime, the gallevs more 
 and n ore approached the ships, and in their banners 
 there- appeared the arms of the ides of Sicily and 
 Malta, being all as then in the service and pay of 
 the Spaniard. Immediately both the Admirals of 
 the galleys sent from each of then, a frigate to the 
 Admiral of our Knglbh ship*, which being conn-
 
 PHILIP JONES. 91 
 
 near them, the Sicilian frigate first hailed them, 
 and demanded of them whence they were ; they 
 answered that they were of England, the arms 
 whereof appeared in their colours. Whereupon 
 the said frigate expostulated with them, and asked 
 why they delayed to send or come with their 
 captains and pursers to Don Pedro de Leiva, their 
 General, to acknowledge 'their duty and obedience 
 to him, in the name of the Spanish king, lord of 
 those seas. Our men replied and said that they 
 owed no such duty nor obedience to him, and there- 
 fore would acknowledge none ; but commanded the 
 frigate to depart with that answer, and not to stay 
 longer upon her peril. With that away she went; 
 and up came towards them the other frigate of 
 Malta; and she in like sort hailed the Admiral, 
 and would needs know whence they were and 
 where they had been. Our Englishmen in the 
 Admiral, not disdaining an answer, told them that 
 they were of England, merchants of London, had 
 been in Turkey, and were now returning home; 
 and to be requited in this ease, they also demanded 
 of the frigate whence she and the rest of the 
 "alleys were. The messenger answered, "Weara 
 of Malta, and for mine own part, my name is 
 ( "avalero. These galleys are in service and pay to 
 the King of Spain, under the conduct of Don
 
 .»-! \oya<;t:tis' TALKS. 
 
 Pedro de Leiva, a nobleman uf Spain who hath 
 been commanded hither by the king with this 
 
 present force and army of purpose to intercept 
 you. You shall therefore," quoth he, "do wed to 
 repair to him to know his pleasure; he is a noble- 
 man of good behaviour and courtesy, and means 
 you no ill." The captain of the English Admiral. 
 whose name was Master Edward Wilkinson, now 
 one of the six masters of Her Majesty's Royal 
 Xavy, replied and said, " We purpose not at this 
 time to make trial of Don Pedro his courtesv, 
 whereof we are suspicious and doubtful, and not 
 without good cause;" using withal good words to 
 the messenger, and willing him to come aboard 
 him, promising security and good usage, that there- 
 by he might the better know the Spaniard's mind. 
 \\ "hereupon he indeed left his frigate and came 
 aboard him. whom he entertained in friendly sort, 
 and caused a cup (if wine to be drawn for him. 
 which he took, and began, with his cap in hi- 
 I and with reverem terms, to drink to the 
 health fit" the Queen of Kngland, speaking very 
 honourably of Her Majesty, and giving good 
 speei lies of the eiiurteous u-;i_y and entertainment 
 that lie him>o]f had received in London at the time 
 thai the I>uke of Aleneon, brother to the late 
 IT. ii'ii kii j. •■■ i la-! in Kmdaiid. And after he
 
 PHILIP JONES. 1»3 
 
 had well drunk, he took his leave, speaking well of 
 the sufficiency and goodness of our ships, and 
 especially of the Merchant Royal, which he con- 
 fessed to have seen before riding in the Thames 
 near London. He was no sooner come to Don 
 Pedro de Leiva, the Spanish General, but he was 
 sent off again, and returned to the English 
 Admiral, saying that the pleasure of the General 
 was this, that either their captains, masters, and 
 pursers should come to him with speed, or else lie. 
 would set upon them, and either take them or sink 
 (hem. Tht; reply was made by Master Wilkinson 
 aforesaid that not a man should come to him ; and 
 for the brag and threat of Don Pedro, it was not 
 that Spanish bravado that should make them yield 
 a jot to their hindrance, but they were as ready to 
 make resistance as he to offer an injury. Where- 
 upon Cavalero the messenger left bragging, and 
 began to persuade them in quiet sort and with 
 many words ; but all his labour was to no purpose, 
 and as his threat did nothing terrify them, so his 
 persuasion did nothing move them to do that which 
 he required. At the last he entreated to have the 
 merchant of the Admiral carried by him as a 
 messenger to the General, that so he might be 
 satisfied and assured of their minds by one of their 
 own company. But Master Wilkinson would
 
 i)4 voyagers" talk.-;. 
 
 agree to no such thing; although Richard Rowit. 
 the merchant himself, seemed willing to be em- 
 ployed in thai message, and laboured by reasonable 
 persuasions to induct.' Ma-ter Wilkinson to grant 
 it. — as hoping to he an occasion by his presence and 
 discreet answers to satisfy the General, and thereby 
 to save the effusion of Christian blood, if it should 
 -row to a battle. And he seemed so much the 
 more willing to lie sent, by how much deeper the 
 oaths and protestations of this Cavalero were, that 
 he would (as he was a true knight and a soldier) 
 deliver him back again in safety to his company. 
 Albeit, Master Wilkinson, who, by his long ex- 
 perience, had received sutHcient trial of Spanish 
 inconstancy and perjury, wished him in no case to 
 put his life and liberty in hazard upon a Spaniard's 
 oath : but at last, upon much entreaty, he yielded 
 to let him go to the General, thinking indeed that 
 
 good -] dies and answers of rea>nii would have 
 
 contented him, whereas, otherwise, refusal to do so 
 might peradveiiture have provoked the more dis- 
 ci internment. 
 
 .Master Itowit, therefore. pa>>in:_' to the Spanish 
 General, the rest of the galleys, having espied 
 him. thought, indeed, that the Kmdidi were rather 
 deter nined to yield than to ti-lit, and therefore 
 ciiiio tlnekinLr about the frigate, every man cryim.
 
 PHILIP JOKES. 95 
 
 out, " Que Huevasl que nuevcml Have these Eng- 
 lishmen yielded 1 " The frigate answered, "Not 
 mi ; they neither have nor purpose to yield. Only 
 they have sent a man of their company to speak 
 with our General." And being come to the galley 
 wherein he was, he showed himself to Master 
 Kowit in his armour, his guard of soldiers attend- 
 ing upon him, in armour also, and began to speak 
 very proudly in this sort : " Thou Englishman, 
 from whence is your ileet ? Why stand ye aloof 
 off? know ye not your duty to the Catholic king, 
 whose person I here represent 1 Where arc your 
 bills of lading, your letters, passports, and the 
 chief of your men? Think ye my attendance in 
 these seas to be in vain, or my person to no 
 purpose '? Let all these things be done out of hand, 
 as I command, upon pain of my further displeasure, 
 and the spoil of you all." These words of the 
 Spanish General were not so outrageously pro- 
 nounced, as they were mildly answered by Master 
 Rowit, who told him that they were all merchant- 
 men, using traffic in honest sort, anil seeking to 
 pass quietly, if they were not urged further than 
 reason. As for the King of Spain, he thought (for 
 his part) that there was amity betwixt him and his 
 Sovereign, the Queen of England, so that neither 
 he nor his officers should go about to oiler any such
 
 M VOYAGEKS' TALES. 
 
 injury to English merchants, who, as they were far 
 from giving offence to any man, so tiny would be 
 loth to take an abuse at the hands of any, or sit, 
 down to their loss, where their ability was able to 
 make defence. And as touching his commandment 
 aforesaid for the acknowledging of duty in such 
 particular sort, lie told him that, where there was 
 no duty owing there none should be performed, 
 assuring him that their whole company and ships 
 in general stood resolutely upon the negative, and 
 would not yield to any such unreasonable demand, 
 joined with such imperious and absolute manner of 
 commanding. "Why, then," said he, "if they 
 will neither come to yield, nor show obedience to ' 
 me in the name of my king, I will either sink 
 them or bring them to harbour* and so tell them 
 from me." With that the frigate came away with 
 .Master Rowit, and brought him aboard to the 
 Knglish Admiral again, according to promise, who 
 was no sooner entered in but hy-and-bye defiance 
 was sounded on both sides. The Spaniards hewed 
 off the noses of the galleys, that nothing might 
 hinder the level of the shot-; and the Knglish, on 
 the other side, courageously prepared themselves to 
 the combat, every man, according to his room, bent 
 to perform his office with alacrity and diligence. 
 1 n t lie meant inie a cannon was discharged from out
 
 PHILTP JONES. 97 
 
 the Admiral of the galleys, which, being the onset 
 of the tight, was presently answered by the 
 English Admiral with a culverin ; so the skirmish 
 began, and grew hot and terrible. There was no 
 powder nor shot spared, each English ship matched 
 itself in good order against two Spanish galleys, 
 besides the inequality of the frigates on the Spanish 
 side. A isd although our men performed their parts 
 with singular valour, according to their strength, 
 insomuch that the enemy, as amazed therewith, 
 would oftentimes pause and stay, and consult what 
 was best to be done, yet they ceased not in the midst 
 of their business to make prayer to Almighty God, 
 the revenger of all evils and the giver of victories, 
 that it would please Him to assist them in this good 
 quarrel of theirs, in defending themselves against 
 so proud a tyrant, to teach their hands to war and 
 their fingers to light, that the glory of the victory 
 might redound to His name, and to the honour of 
 (rue religion, which the insolent enemy sought so 
 much to overthrow. Contrarily, the foolish 
 Spaniards, they cried out, according to their 
 manner, not to God, but to our Lady (as they term 
 i he Virgin Mary) saying, "Oh, Lady, help ! Oh, 
 blessed Lady, give us the victory, and the honour 
 thereof shall be thine." Thus with blows and 
 prayers on both sides, the tight continued furious 
 d— 23
 
 M 
 
 VOYAUKRS TALKS. 
 
 and sharp, and doubtful a long time to winch pari 
 the victory would incline, till at last the Admiral of 
 tlif galleys of Sicily began to warp from the fight, 
 and to hold up her side for fear of sinking, and 
 after her went also two other-; in like case, whom 
 all the sort of them enclose'!, labouring by all their 
 means to keep diem above water, being ready by 
 the force of English shot which they had received 
 to perish in the seas. And what slaughter wa- 
 done amori'_ f the Spaniards the English were un- 
 certain, but by a probable conjecture apparent afar 
 on" they supposed their loss was so great that thev 
 warned men to continue the charging of their 
 pieces; whereupon with shame and dishonour, after 
 five hours spent in the ba't'". they withdrew 
 themselves. An 1 the K .dish, contented in respeei 
 of their deep lading rat In r : i continue their vovau" 
 than to follow in the eba-e, ceased from farther 
 blows, with the I iss of oiily two m ai slain amongst 
 
 : ■ in his arm. win an 
 \\ . !' V\ ilk -'Mi. with his u'"od \v- mils and 
 friendly promises, did so comfort that he nothing 
 
 est ni-d " of bis wound, in respect of the 
 
 air of tin . -fid repulse i : 
 
 Tims, with dmnu! thanks to the mercy of God 
 fa- Mis -::[ -ioi- a^Htance in that danger, the
 
 PHILIP JONES. 9!» 
 
 English ships proceeded in their navigation. And 
 coming as high as Algiers, a port town upon the 
 coast of Barbary, they made for it, of purpose to 
 refresh themselves after their weariness, and to 
 rake in such supply of fresh water and victuals as 
 they needed. They were no sooner entered into 
 (he port but immediately the king thereof sent a 
 messenger to the ships to know what they were. 
 With, which messenger the chief master of every 
 ship repaired to the king, and acquainted him not 
 only with the state of their ships in respect of 
 merchandise, but with the late tight which they had 
 passed with the Spanish galleys, reporting every 
 particular circumstance in word as it fell out in 
 action ; whereof the said king showed himself 
 marvellous glad, entertaining them in the best sort. 
 and promising abundant relief of all their wants ; 
 making general proclamation in the city, upon pain 
 of death, that no man, of what degree or state 
 soever he were, should presume either to hinder 
 them in their affairs or to offer them any manner 
 of injury in body or goods ; by virtue whereof they 
 despatched all things in excellent good sort with all 
 favour ami peaceableness. Only such prisoners and 
 captive., of the Spaniards as were in the city, seeing 
 the u'ood usai^ which they received, and hearing; 
 also what service they had performed against the
 
 10lJ VOYAGERS 1 TALKS. 
 
 foresaid galleys, grudged exceedingly against them, 
 and sought as much as they could to practise sonic 
 mischief against them. And one amongst the rest, 
 M'-eing an Englishman alone in a certain lane of the 
 city, came upon him suddenly, and with his knife 
 thrust him in the side, yet made no such great wound 
 hut that it was easily recovered. The English 
 company, hearing of it, acquainted the king of the 
 fact : who immediately sent both fur the party that 
 had received the wound and the offender also, ami 
 caused an executioner, in the presence of himself 
 and the English, to chastise the slave even to 
 death, which was performed, to the end that no 
 man should presume to commit the like part or to 
 do anything in contempt of his royal command- 
 ment. 
 
 The English, having received this good justice at 
 the king's hands, and all other things that they 
 wanted or could crave for the furnishing of their 
 ships, took their leave of him, and of the re.->t of 
 their friends that were resident in Algiers, and put 
 out to sea, looking to meet with the second army of 
 the Spanish king, which waited for them ahout the 
 mouth of the Strait of Gibraltar, which they were of 
 necessity to pass. But coming it ear to the said strait, 
 o ] \i ased God to raise, at thai instant, a very dark 
 and misty fog, so that one ship could not discern
 
 PHILIP .TONES. 101 
 
 another if it were forty paces off, by means whereof 
 together with the notable fair Eastern winds that 
 then blew most fit for their course, they passed 
 with great speed through the strait, and might have 
 passed, with that good gale, had there been five 
 hundred galleys to withstand them and the air 
 never so clear for every ship to be seen. But yet 
 the Spanish galleys had a sight of them, when they 
 were come within three English miles of the town, 
 and made after them with all possible haste ; and 
 although they saw that they were far out of their 
 reach, yet in a vain fury and foolish pride, they 
 shot off their ordnance and made a stir in the sea 
 as if they had been in the midst of them, which 
 vanity of theirs ministered to our men notable 
 matter of pleasure and mirth, seeing men to light 
 with shadows and to take so great pains to so 
 small purpose. 
 
 But thus it pleased Cod to deride and delude all 
 the forces of that proud Spanish king, which he 
 had provided of purpose to distress the English ; 
 who, notwithstanding, passed through both his 
 armies — in the one, little hurt, and in the other, 
 nothing touched, to the glory of His immortal 
 name, the honour of our prince and country, and 
 'he just commendation of each man's service 
 performed in that voyage.
 
 1U2 VOYAGKRS' TAXES. 
 
 THE UNFORTUNATE VOYAGE MADE 
 WITH THE JESTS, THE MINION, 
 AND FOUR OTHER SHIPS, 
 To the parts of Guinea and the West Indies, in the 
 years 1567 and 1568. By Master John 
 Hawkins. 
 Tin: ships departed from Plymouth the 2nd day 
 of October, anno 1567, and had reasonable weather 
 until the seventh day, at which time, forty leagues 
 north from Cape Finisterre, there aro.se an extreme 
 storm which continued four days, in such sort that 
 the fleet was dispersed and all our great boats lost. 
 and the Jesus, our chief ship, in such case as not 
 though 1 able to serve the voyage. Whereupon in the 
 ■same storm we set oar course homeward, determin- 
 ing to give over the voyage; but the 11th dav 
 of the same i io ,th the wind changed, with fair 
 weather, whereby we were anhimted to follow oui 
 enterprise, and so did, directing our course to the 
 islands of (Irani Canaries, wh> re, according to an 
 !'i pi-' ■ i ires Til >ed, all ■ >ur ships, before dis 
 p.-i-~i ■•!. met in oui' of those i.-dand . cdled Gonifiu, 
 ere we took w.-O'-r, and departed from thence 
 I th d;i '. of N r\ cinb r c ast of 
 
 Guinea, and arrived at (Jane Verde the 18th
 
 JOHN HAWKINS. 10'5 
 
 of November, where we landed one hundred 
 and fifty men, hoping to obtain some negroes; 
 where we got but few, and those with great hurt 
 and damage to our men, which chiefly proceeded 
 from their envenomed arrows ; although in the 
 beginning they seemed to be but small hurts, yet 
 there hardly escaped any that had blood drawn of 
 them but died in strange sort, with their mouths 
 shut, some ten days before they died, and after their 
 wounds were whole; where I myself had one of 
 the greatest wounds, yet, thanks be to God, escaped. 
 From thence we passed the time upon the coast of 
 Guinea, searching with all diligence the rivers from 
 Rio Grande unto Sierra Leone till the 12th of 
 January, in which time we had not gotten together 
 a hundred and fifty negroes : yet, notwithstanding 
 the sickness of our men and the late time of the 
 year commanded us away : and thus having nothing 
 wherewith to seek the coast of the West Indies, I 
 was with the rest of our company in consultation 
 to go to the coast of the Myne, hoping there to 
 have obtained some gold for our wares, and thereby 
 to have defrayed our charge. But even in that 
 present instant there came to us a negro sent from 
 a king oppressed by other kings, his neighbours, 
 desiring our aid, with promise that as many negroes 
 as by these wars might be obtained, as well of his
 
 lilt 
 
 VOYAGEES TALKS. 
 
 part as of ours, should he fit our pleasure. Where 
 upon we concluded to give aid, and sent one 
 hundred and twenty of our men, which the loth 
 of January assaulted a town of the negroes of our 
 allies' adversaries which had in it S,000 inhabitants, 
 and very strongly impaled and fenced after their 
 manner, but it was so well defended that our men 
 prevail* d not, but lost six men, and forty hurt, so 
 that our men sent forthwith to me for more help: 
 whereupon, considering that the good success of 
 this enterprise might highly furtln r the commodity 
 of our voyage, I went myself, and with the help of 
 the king of our side assaulted the town, both by 
 land and sea, and very hardly with fire (their 
 houses being covered with (}vy palm leaves) ob 
 taiued the town, and put the inhabitants to flight, 
 where we took i_'-" l! persons, men, women, and chil- 
 dren, and by our friend the king of our side there 
 wore taken <i |HI prisoners, whereof we hoped to 
 have our choice, but the negro (in winch nation is 
 seldom or never found truth) meant nothing less: 
 for that night he removed his camp and prisoners. 
 so that we wore fain to content us with tho-e few 
 which we had -■ itten uurs'-lves. 
 
 Xow had we o'o'aincd between four and five 
 hundred negroes, wherewith we thought it some- 
 what rens'inahh' fo seek the coast of the We>t
 
 JOHN HAWKINS. 105 
 
 Indies, and there, 'for our negroes, and other our 
 merchandise, we hoped to obtain whereof to 
 countervail our charges with some gains, whereunto 
 
 we proceeded with all diligence, furnished our 
 watering, took fuel, and departed the coast of 
 Guinea, the third of February, continuing at the 
 sea with a passage more hard than "before hath 
 been accustomed, till the 27th day of March, which 
 day we had sight of an island, called Dominique., 
 upon the coast of the West Indies, in fourteen de- 
 grees : from thence we coasted from place to place, 
 making our traffic with the Spaniards as we might, 
 somewhat hardly, because the king had straitly 
 commanded all his governors in those parts by no 
 means to suffer any trade to be made with us ; 
 notwithstanding we had reasonable trade, and 
 courteous entertainment, from the Isle of Mar- 
 guerite and Cartagena, without anything greatly 
 worth the noting, saving at Capo de la Vela, in a 
 town called Rio de la Hacha, from whence come 
 all the pearls. The treasurer who had the charge 
 there would by no means agree to any trade, or 
 suffer us to take water. He had fortified his town 
 with clivers bulwarks in all places where it might 
 be entered, and furnished himself with a hundred 
 harquebusiers, so that he thought by famine to 
 have enforced us to have put on land our negroes,
 
 llllj VOYAOKIiS TALKS. 
 
 of which purpose ho had not greatly failed unless 
 we Lad by force entered the town: which (after 
 we could by no means obtain Lis favour) we were 
 irced to do, and so with two hundred men 
 rake in upon their bulwarks, and entered the 
 town with the loss only of eleven men of our parts, 
 and no hurt done to the Spaniards, because after 
 their volley of .-.hot discharged, they all fled. 
 
 Tints Laving the town, with sonic circumstance, 
 ■is partly by the Spaniards' de-ire of negroes, and 
 partly by friendship of the treasurer, we obtained a 
 secret trade • whereupon the Spaniards resorted to 
 ns by night, and bought of us to the number of 
 two hundred negroes : in all other places where we 
 traded the Spaniards inhabitants were glad of us, 
 and traded willingly. 
 
 A.i Carta ena, the last town we thought to have 
 seen on the coast, we could by no means obtain 
 to deal with any Spaniard, the governor was 
 
 so strait, and b use our trade was so near 
 
 finished, we thought not good either to adventure 
 any landing or to detract further time, but in 
 
 peace departed from the] the 24th of July, 
 
 hoping to have < ten pod the time of their storms, 
 which then soon after be-zan to reign, the which 
 they call Fan'nnius ; bill passing by the west end 
 of Cuba, towards the coast of Florida, there
 
 JOHN HAWKINS. III? 
 
 happened to us, the twelfth day of August, an 
 extreme storm, which continued l>y the space of 
 four days, which so beat the Jesus, that we cut 
 down all her higher building;-. ; her rudder also 
 was sore shaken, and, withal, was in so extreme a 
 leak, that we were rather upon the point to leave 
 iier than to keep her any longer; yet, hoping to 
 bring all to good pass, sought the coast of Florida, 
 where we found no place nor haven for our ships, 
 because of the shallowness of the coast. Thus, 
 being in greater despair, and taken with a new 
 storm, which continued other three days, we were 
 enforced to take for our succour the port which 
 serveth the city of Mexico, called St. John de 
 llllu a, which standeth in nineteen degrees, in 
 seeking of which port we took in our way three 
 -hips, which carried passengers to the number of 
 one hundred, which passengers we hoped should be 
 ,i means to us the better to obtain ricl u ils for our 
 money and a quiet place for the repairing of our 
 lleet. Shortly after this, the sixteenth of Sep- 
 tember, we entered the port of St. .John de Ullua, 
 and in our entry, the Spaniards thinking us to be 
 the fleet of Spain, the chief officers of the country 
 "itine aboard us, which, being deceived of their 
 expectation, were greatly dismayed, but immedi- 
 ately, when they saw our demand was nothing but
 
 1U8 VOYAOKltS l Al.KS. 
 
 victuals, were recomforted. I found also in the 
 same poi't twelve ships, which had in tliein, by the 
 report, 200,000 livres in cold and silver, all which 
 (being in in'.' possession with the King's island, as 
 idso the passengers before in my way thitherward 
 staved i I set at liberty, without the taking from them 
 ill'- weight of a groat; only, because T would not 
 be delaved of my despatch, 1 stayed two men of 
 estimation, and sent post immediately to Mexico, 
 which was two hundred miles from us. to the 
 presidents and Council there, showing them of our 
 arrival there by the force of weather, and the 
 necessity of the repair of our ship and victuals, 
 which wants we required, as friends to Iving Philip, 
 to be furnished of for our money, and that the 
 presidents in council there should, with all con- 
 venient speed, take order thai ;i t the arrival of the 
 Spanish fleet, which was daily looked for, there 
 might no cause of quarrel rise between us and 
 tla-m, but, for the better maintenance of amity, 
 their commandment mhrht be had in that behalf. 
 This message being sent away the 10th dav of 
 September, at night, being the very dav of our 
 arrival, in the next morning, which was the six- 
 teenth dav of the same month, we saw open of the 
 haven thirteen L't'eat ships, and understanding them 
 to be the ileet of Spain, 1 sent immediately to
 
 JOHN HAWKINS, 109 
 
 advertise the general of the fleet of my being there, 
 doing him to understand that, before I would suffei 
 them to enter the port, there .should be some order 
 of conditions pass between us for our safe being 
 there and maintenance of peace. Now, it is to be 
 understood that this port is a little island of stones, 
 not three feet above the water in the highest place, 
 and but a bow-shot of length any way. This 
 island standeth from the mainland two bowshots 
 or more. Also it is to be understood that there is 
 not in all this coast any other place for ships to 
 arrive in safety, because the north wind hath there 
 such violence, that, unless the ships be very safely 
 moored, with their anchors fastened upon this 
 island, there is no remedy for these north winds 
 but death; also, tin; place of the haven was so 
 little, that of necessity the ships must ride one 
 aboard the other, so that we could not give place 
 to them nor they to us ; and here I began to bewail 
 the which after followed : " For now,'' said I, " I 
 am in two dangers, and forced to receive the one 
 of them." That was, either I must have kept out 
 the fleet from entering the port (the which, with 
 God"s help, I was very well aide to do), or else 
 suffer them to enter in with their accustomed 
 treason, which they never fail to execute where 
 they may have opportunity, or circumvent it by
 
 llU VOTAGEBS' TALES. 
 
 any means. If I had kept them out, then had 
 there been present shipwreck of all the fleet, which 
 amounted in value to six millions, which was in 
 v.Jue of our money 1,500,000 livres, which 1 
 considered I was not able to answer, fearing the 
 Queen's Majesty's indignation in so weighty a 
 matter. Thus with myself revolving the doubts. 
 1 thought rather better to abide the jutt of the 
 uncertainty than the certainty. The uncertain 
 doubt was their treason, which by good policy I 
 hoped might be prevented : and therefore, as 
 osing the least mischief. I proceeded to con- 
 is. Now was om !li' ; messenger come and 
 (■••turned from the [ieel with report of the arrival 
 of a Viceroy, so that he had authority, both in all 
 t ! .:~ province of ' rwi.se called Nova 
 
 [lis] id in the sea. who senl us v. : ird thai 
 
 we should send our conditions, which of his par; 
 dd (for the better maintenance of amity be- 
 e princes) be both favourably granted and 
 faithfully performed, wi h many fair words how, 
 passing the coast of the Indies, he had understood 
 of our hones! behaviour towards the inhabitants, 
 where we had to do ; else vhere as in the 
 
 same port, the which I let pa-s. thus following our 
 demand. We required victual fur our money, anal 
 ce to sell as miK'h ware as tniejit furnish our
 
 JUUJST HAWKINS. 11] 
 
 wants, and that there might be of either part 
 twelve gentlemen as hostage for the maintenance 
 of peace, and that the island, for our better safety, 
 might be in our own possession during our abode 
 there, and such ordnance as was planted in the same 
 island, which was eleven pieces of brass, and that 
 no Spaniard might land in the island with any 
 kind of weapon. 
 
 These conditions at the first he somewhat mis- 
 liked — chiefly the guard of the island to be in our 
 own keeping, which, if they had had, we had soon 
 known our fate; for with the first north wind 
 they had cut our cables, and our ships had gone 
 ashore; but in the end he concluded to our request, 
 bringing the twelve hostages to ten, which with all 
 speed on either part were received, with a writing 
 from the Viceroy, signed with his hand and sealed 
 with his seal, of all the conditions concluded, and 
 forthwith a trumpet blown, with commandment 
 that none of either part should inviolate the peace 
 upon pain of death ; and, further, it was concluded 
 that the two generals of the fleet should meet, and 
 H'ive faith each to other for the performance of the 
 promises, which was so done. 
 
 Thus, at the end of three days, all was concluded, 
 and the fleet entered the port, saluting one another 
 is the manner of the sen doth require. Thus, as 1
 
 11 -J VOYAGERS' talks. 
 
 said before, Thursday we entered the port, Friday 
 we saw the fleet, and on Monday, at night, they 
 entered the port; then we laboured two days, 
 placing the English ships by themselves, and the 
 Spanish ships by themselves, the captains of each 
 part, and inferior men of their parts, promising 
 great amity of all sides; which, even as with all 
 fidelity was meant of our part, though the Spanish 
 meant nothing less of their par's, but from the 
 mainland had furnished themselves with a supply 
 of men to the number of one thousand, and meant 
 •he next Thursday, being the 23rd of September, 
 ill dinner-time, to set upon us of all sides. The 
 •■nine Thursday, the treason being at hand, some 
 appearance showed, as shifting of weapons from 
 >h;p to ship, {limiting and bending of ordnance 
 from the ship to the island where '■n\- men were. 
 p;ts-dng to and fro of companies of men more than 
 required for their n'-c.-sary business, and many 
 other ill likelihoods, which caused us to have a 
 vehement sn.-picion, and therewithal sent to the 
 Viceroy to inquire what was meant by it, which 
 sent immediately st r; Ldn commandment to unplant 
 all things sus] ■ us. iui'1 also sent word that he 
 in the faith of a Viceroy, would be our defence 
 froi s. Yet we. not being sa> i 
 
 with this an-wer, because we susjiected a gre.it
 
 JOHN HAWKINS. 113 
 
 number of men to be Lid in a great, ship of nine 
 hundred tons, which was moored next unto the 
 Minion, sent again unto the Viceroy the master of 
 the Jesus, which had the Spanish tongue, and 
 required to be satisfied if any such thing were or 
 not; on which the Viceroy, seeing that the treason 
 must be discovered, forthwith stayed our master, 
 Mew the trumpet, and of all sides set upon us. Our 
 men which were on guard ashore, being stricken 
 with sudden fear, gave place, fled, and sought 
 to recover succour of the ships ; the Spaniards. 
 being before provided for the purpose, landed in 
 dl places in multitudes from their ships, which 
 they could easily do without boats, and slew all 
 our men ashore without mercy, a few of them 
 escaping aboard the Jesus. The great ship which 
 had, by the estimation, three hundred men placed 
 in her secretly, immediately fell aboard the Minion, 
 which, by God's appointment, in the time of the 
 suspicion we had, which was only one half-hour, 
 the Minion was made ready to avoid, and so, 
 loosing her headfasts, and hailing away bv the 
 sternfasts, six; was gotten out: thus, with Ood'.- 
 help, she defended the violence of the first brunt 
 of these three hundred men. The .]/i,,i<>,i being 
 passed out, they came aboard the J<*u«, which also, 
 with very much ado and the loss of many of our
 
 114 voyagers' tales. 
 
 men, were defended and kept out. Then were 
 there also two other ships that assaulted the Jesus 
 at the same instant, so that she had hard work 
 getting loose; but yet, with some time, we had cut 
 our headfasts, and gotten out by the sternfasts. 
 Now, when the Jesus and the Minion were gotten 
 two ship-lengths from the Spanish fleet, the light 
 began hot on all sides, so that within one hour the 
 admiral of the Spaniards was supposed to be sunk, 
 their vice-admiral burned, and one other of their 
 principal ships supposed to be sunk, so that the 
 ships were little to annoy us. 
 
 Then is it to be understood that all the ordnance 
 upon the island was in the Spaniards' hands, which 
 did us so great annoyance that it cut ail tiie mast.-, 
 and yards of the Jesvs in such sort, that there was 
 no hope to carry 1km - away ; also it sank our small 
 ships, whereupon we determined to place the Jesus 
 on that side of the Minion, 'hat she might abide 
 all the battery from the land, and so be a defence 
 for the Minion till night, and then to take such 
 relief of vicinal and other necessaries from the 
 Jesus as the time would sufler us, and to leave her. 
 As we were thus determining, and had placed the 
 Minion from the shot of the land, suddenly the 
 Spaniards had fired fwo great shins which were 
 coming directly to us. and ha\ing no means te
 
 JOHN HAWKINS. 115 
 
 avoid the tire, it bred among our men a marvellous 
 fear, so that .some said, " Let us depart with the 
 Minion," others said, " Let us sec whether the 
 wind will carry the lire from us." But to be 
 short, the Minion's men, which had always their 
 sails in a readiness, thought to make sure work, 
 and so without either consent of the captain or 
 master, cut their sail, so that very hardly 1 was 
 received into the Minion. 
 
 The most par: of the men that were left alive in 
 the Jesus made shift and followed the Minion in a 
 small boat, the rest, which the little boat was not 
 able to receive, were enforced to abide the mercy 
 of the Spaniards (which I doubt was very little); 
 so with the Minion only, and the Judith (a small 
 barque of fifty tons) we escaped, which barque the 
 same night forsook us in our great misery. We 
 were now removed with the Minion from the 
 Spanish ships two bow-shots, and there rode all 
 that night. The next morning we recovered an 
 island a mile from the Spaniards, where there took 
 us a north wind, and being left only with two 
 anchors and two cables (for in this conflict we lost 
 three cables and two anchors), we thought alwavs 
 upon death, which ever was present, but Cod pre 
 served us to a longer time. 
 
 The wed her waxed reasonable, and the Saturday
 
 11H voyagers' tales. 
 
 we set sail, and having a great number of men ami 
 little victual, our hope of life waxed less and less. 
 Somede.sired to yield to the Spaniards, some rather 
 desired to obtain a place where they might give 
 themselves to the iniidels ; and some had rathei 
 abide, with a little pittance, the mercy of Ood at 
 sea So thus, with many sorrowful hearts, we 
 wandered in an unknown sea by the space of four 
 t( en days, till hunger enforced us to seek the land ; 
 for hides were thought very good meat ; rats, cats, 
 ■ . and dogs, none escaped that might be gotten : 
 parrots and monkeys, that were had in great prize, 
 were thought there very profitable if they served 
 the turn of one dinner. Thus in the end. on the 
 8th day of October, we came to the land in tin 1 
 bottom of the same bay of Mexico, in twenty-three 
 degrees and a half, where we hoped to have found 
 habitations of the Spaniards, re mils, and 
 
 place for the repair of our ship, which was so sore 
 beaten with shot from our en id bruised 
 
 with shooting of our own ordnance, that our 
 
 weary and weak : - were scarce able to de 
 
 fend and keep out the water. Hut all thing.- 
 
 ened to i ary, f >r we found n it 
 
 people, virtue, nor haven of i-'di'-f, but a place 
 where, ha\ ing fair we ' ■ ■■ . peril w .■ 
 
 might laud a boat. Our people, being forced with
 
 .(OH \ Hi V\ 1. I \ T S. 117 
 
 hunger, desired to be set aland, whereunto I 
 ■oncluded. 
 
 And such as were willing to land I put apart, 
 and such as were desirous to go homewards 1 
 put apart, so that they were indifferently parted, a 
 hundred of one side and a hundred of the other 
 side. These hundred men we set on land with all 
 diligence, in this little place aforesaid, which being 
 landed, we determined there to refresh our water, 
 and so with our little remain of victuals to take 
 the sea. 
 
 The next day, having on land with me fifty of 
 our hundred men that remained, for the speedier 
 preparing of our water aboard, there arose an ex- 
 treme storm, so that in three days we could by no 
 means repair our ships. The ship also was in. such 
 peril that every hour we looked for shipwreck. 
 
 But yet God again had mercy on us, and sent 
 fair weather. We got aboard our water, and de- 
 parted the 16th day of October, after which day 
 we had fair and properous weather till the 16th 
 day of November, which day, God be praised, we 
 were clear from the coast of the Indians and out of 
 the channel and gulf of Bahama, which is between 
 the cape of Florida and the islands of Cuba. After 
 this, growing near to the cold country, our men, 
 being oppressed with famine, died continually, and
 
 118 '. D\ AOEIis' I Al.f.S. 
 
 Lhey that w(-iv ]t-ft grew into such weakness that 
 we were scaiV'-l; able to mameuvre our ship, and 
 the wind b :n_ . iys ill for us to recover Ki inland, 
 
 determined to l'o to Galieia, in Spain, with intent 
 iheie to iir company and other extreme 
 
 wants. And being arrived the last day of 
 December, in a place near unto Vigo, called 
 Pontevedra, our men, wirh excess of fresh meat, 
 grew into miserable diseases, and died a great part 
 of them. This matter was borne out as long as it 
 iniu'ht be, but in the end. although there was none 
 of our rm n sufiere i '■ go on land, yet by across of 
 the Spaniards our f 'blenoss was known to them. 
 Whereupon they c 'a.vd not to seek i y all means te 
 betray us, but witL i posdl !•• we departed 
 
 to Vigo, where we had - m ■ help of eerrain Lmglish 
 >, and twelve fri ■ .'. i h we re- 
 
 paired our wants a- we mi.dit. and debarring the 
 L^'ih day of January. [~> i>. a.rrived in Mount's Bav 
 in Cornwall the 2oth of the same month, praised be 
 fiod tlierefore. 
 
 . the misery and tr c ; Hairs of thb 
 
 sorrowful savage - ; - . ! ! In- perfectly and 
 : ii :'• mghly v i need a painful 
 
 man with his pen. and as -p-ai time as lie had that 
 wrote the " Lives and L)< arm , ; ■ [ .■ \[- ■ ,■; vis." 
 
 Jojix Hawkins.
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 119 
 
 A DISCOURSE WRITTEN BY ONE 
 MILES PHILLIPS, 
 
 Englishman, one of the company put ashore in the 
 West Indies by Master John Hawkins in the 
 year 1568, containing many special things of 
 that country and of the Spanish Government, 
 but specially of their cruelties used to our 
 Englishmen, and amongst the rest, to himself, 
 for the spare of fifteen or si.etct n >/■■ ars together, 
 until by good and happy means lie teas de- 
 livered from their bloody hands, and returned 
 to his own country. Anno 1582. 
 
 THE FIRST CHAPTER. 
 
 Wherein is shown the day and time of our departure from the 
 coast of England, with the number and names of the 
 ships, their captains and masters, and of our traffic and 
 dealing upon the coast of Afi ic i. 
 
 Upon Monday, being the 2nd of October, 1567, 
 the weather being reasonable fair, our General, 
 Master John Hawkins, having commanded all his 
 captains and masters to be in a readiness to make 
 sail with him, he himself being embarked in the 
 Jesus, whereof was appointed for master Robert 
 Barret, hoisted sail and departed from Plymouth
 
 120 
 
 VOVAGKRS TALES. 
 
 upon his intended voyage for the parts of Africa 
 
 and America, l>eing accompanied with five other 
 
 ' :' ships, as namely the Minion, wherein went 
 
 for captain Master John Hampton, and John 
 Garret, master. The WiU.iain and Join, wherein 
 was Captain Thomas Bolton, and James Raunee, 
 master. The Jwil'h, in whom was Captain Master 
 Francis Drake, now Knight, and the Angd, whose 
 master, as al.-o the captain and master of the 
 SiiyiUoio, I now remember not. And so sailing in 
 company togerh r uj>on our voyage until the 10th 
 of tli i. an extreme storm then took us 
 
 near unto Cap*' E inisterre, which lasted for the 
 space of four days, and so si parate 1 our s : ips that 
 we had lost i ne another, and our (General, finding 
 the Jci-iis to In I H n il •". was in mind to give 
 over thf j voyage and to return home. flowbeit, 
 the elevent 'h of the same month, the seas waxing 
 e wind coming fn r. i. - all ered his 
 
 puri ;;!:d lifld on tlje o inner intended voyage . 
 
 and so i'. ■;.-.: ng to 1 ; ' ra, being one 
 
 : of the Canaries, wle re. according to 
 
 an or ler . we i j i ■ t with all our 
 
 We i hen 
 
 ' lie 4th of 
 
 in fn"-; 
 
 Xi veil . pon tl 
 
 [>:]\ (],w oi tie .-,-iine' moiit h we came to an anch'
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 121 
 
 upon the coast of Africa, at Cape Verde, in twelve 
 fathoms of water, and here our General landed cer- 
 tain of our men, to the number of 160 or there- 
 abouts, seeking to take some negroes. And they, 
 going up into the country for the space of six 
 miles, were encountered with a great number of the 
 negroes, who with their envenomed arrows did 
 hurt a groat number of our men, so that they were 
 enforced to retire to the ships, in which conflict 
 they recovered but a few negroes; and of these 
 our men which were hurt with their envenomed 
 arrows, there died to the number of seven or eight 
 in very strange manner, with their mouths shut, so 
 that we were forced to put sticks and other things 
 into their mouths to keep them open ; and so after- 
 wards passing the time upon the coast of Guinea, 
 until the 12th of January, we obtained by that 
 time the number of one hundred and fifty negroes. 
 And being ready to depart from the sea coast, 
 there was a negro sent as an ambassador to our 
 General, from a king of the negroes, which was op- 
 pressed with other kings, his bordering kings, de- 
 siring our General to grant him succour and aid 
 against those his enemies, which our General 
 granted unto, and went himself in person on land 
 with the number of 200 of our men, or thereabouts, 
 and the said king which had requested our aid, did
 
 Vl'l VOYAOKES TALKS. 
 
 join his force with ours, so that thereby our 
 General assaulted and set lire upon a town of the 
 said king his enemies, in winch there was at the 
 least the number of eight or ten thousand negroes, 
 and they, perceiving that they were not able to 
 make any resistance, sought by flight to save them- 
 selves, in which their flight there were taken 
 prisoners to the number or eight or nine hundred, 
 which our General ought to have had for his share ; 
 howbeit the negro kintr, which requested our aid, 
 falsifying his word and promise, secretly in the 
 night conveyed himself away with as many 
 prisoners as he had in his custody; but our General, 
 notwithstanding finding himself to have now very 
 near the number of 500 negroes, thought it best 
 without longer abode to depart with them and such 
 merchandise as he had from the coast of Africa 
 towards the West Indies, and ther fore commanded 
 with all diligence to take in fresh water and fuel, 
 and so with speed to prepare to th part. Flowbeit, 
 before we departed from thence, in a storm that 
 we h;el, we lost one of our ships, namely, the 
 William and Jain, of which ship and her people 
 we heard no tidings during the time of our vovage.
 
 MILKS PHILLIPS. 123 
 
 TIIK SECOND CHAPTER. 
 
 Wherein is showed the day and time of our departure from 
 the coast of Africa, with the day and time of our arrival 
 in the "West Indies, also of our trade and traffic there, and 
 also of the great cruelty that the Spaniards used towards 
 us, by the .Viceroy his direction and appointment, falsify- 
 ing his faith and promise given, and seeking to have 
 entrapped us. 
 
 All tilings being made in a readiness at our General 
 his appointment, upon the 3rd day of February, 
 1568, we departed from the coast of Africa, having 
 the weather somewhat tempestuous, which made 
 our passage the more hard, and sailing so for the 
 space of twenty-five days, upon the 27th March, 
 I068, we came in sight of an island called Domin- 
 ique, upon the coast of America, in the West 
 Indies, situated in fourteen degrees of latitude, and 
 two hundred and twenty-two of longitude. From 
 thence our General coasted from place to place, ever 
 making traffic with the Spaniards and Indians, as 
 he might, which was somewhat hardly obtained, 
 for that the king had straitly charged all his 
 governors in those parts not to trade with any. 
 Vet notwithstanding, during the months of April 
 and May, our General had reasonable trade and 
 traffic, and courteous entertainment in sundry 
 places, as at Marguerite, Corassoa, and elsewhere,
 
 124 VOYAGEHs' TALES. 
 
 until we came to Cape de la Win. and Rio de la 
 llacha (a place from whence all the pearls do 
 come). The governor there would not by any 
 means permit us to have any trade or traffic, nor 
 yet suffer ins to take in fresh water • by means 
 whereof our General, for the avoiding of famine and 
 thirst, about the beginning of Juno- was enforced to 
 land 200 of our men, and so by main force and 
 strength to obtain that which by no fair means he 
 could procure : and so recovering the town with 
 the loss of two of our men, there was a secret and 
 peaceable trade admitted, and the Spaniards 
 came in by night, and bought of our negroes to 
 the number of 200 and upwards, and of our othei 
 merchandise also. From thence we departed for 
 Cartagena, where the governor was so strait that 
 we could not obtain any traffic there, and so for 
 that our trade was near finished, our General 
 thought it Lest to depart from thence the rather 
 for tin* avoiding of certain dangerous storms called 
 the huricanoes, which accustomed to begin there 
 about that time of the year, and so the 2 -lth of 
 •July, loos', we departed from thence, directing our 
 course north, leaving the islands of Cuba upon our 
 right hand, to the eastward of us, and so sailing 
 ards Floi e 1 2lh of A ugust an 
 
 extreme tempi -t aro<e. which durod tor the space
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 125 
 
 of eight clays, in which our ships were most 
 dangerously tossed, and beaten hither and thither, 
 so that we were in continual fear to be drowned, 
 by reason of the shallowness of the coast, and in 
 the end we were constrained to nee for succour to 
 the port of St. John de Ullua, or Vera Cruz, 
 situated in nineteen degrees of latitude, and in 
 two hundred and seventy-nine degrees of longitude, 
 which is the port that serveth for the city of 
 Mexico. In our seeking to recover this port our 
 General met by the way three small ships that 
 carried passengers, which he took with him, and so 
 the 16th of September, 1568, we entered the said 
 port of St. John de Ullua. The Spaniards there, 
 supposing us to have been the King of Spam's fleet, 
 the chief officers of the country thereabouts came 
 presently aboard our General, where perceiving 
 themselves to have made an unwise adventure, they 
 were in great fear to have been taken and stayed ; 
 howbeit our General did use them all very cour- 
 teously. In the said port there were twelve ships, 
 which by report had in them in treasure, to the 
 value of two hundred thousand pounds, all which 
 being in our General his power, and at his devotion, 
 lie did freely set at liberty, as also the passengers 
 which he had before staved, not taking from any of 
 them all the value of one groat, only we stayed two
 
 12d VoVAGKBS' TALKS. 
 
 men of credit and account, the one named Don Lor 
 enzo de Alva, si nd tlie other. Don Pedrodelievera, and 
 
 presently our ( leneral sent to the Viceroy to Mexico, 
 which was threescore leagues off, certifying him 
 c*t" our arrival there by force of weather, desiring 
 that forasmuch as our Queen, his Sovereign, va> 
 the King of Spain his loving sister and friend, that 
 therefore he would, con-i lering our necessities ami 
 wants, furnish us with victuals for our navy, and 
 quietly to sillier us to repair and amend our ships. 
 And furthermore that at the arid', a! of the Spanish 
 fleet, which was there daily expected and looked 
 for, to the end that there might no quarrel arise 
 between them and our Getmnd and Ids company 
 for id^' breach of amity, he humbly requeued f, l 
 Ids excellency that there might in this behalf some 
 ial order be tad; n. This me--- age was sent 
 away ; d ■ ! Gth of S> . l-l'lS, it being the 
 
 very day of our arrival there. The next morning, 
 boinj; the 17'h oi the >ame month, we descried 
 
 i if ii'reat ships ; ;! 
 ( ii ieral tit . il .v;is tiie iviini of Spain - 
 
 fleet then lo iked for, he pr utly sent to adwrtke 
 
 the ( !■• of of our bi tin 1 ] lori . 
 
 a : to i, that befuj'e 
 
 he si 'ei t here i o ' tiarbniir, it w;e 
 
 ■ . ' con the twi
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 127 
 
 Generals some orders and conditions, to be observed 
 on either part, for the better contriving of peace 
 between them and theirs, according to our General's 
 request made unto the Viceroy. And at this 
 instant our General was in a great perplexity of 
 mind, considering with himself that if he should 
 keep out that fleet from entering into the port, a 
 thing which he was very well able to do with the 
 help of God, then should that fleet be in danger of 
 present shipwreck and loss of all their substance, 
 which amounted unto the value of one million and 
 eight hundred thousand crowns. Again, he saw 
 that if he sutFered them to enter, he was assured 
 they would practise all manner of means to betray 
 him and his, and on the other side the haven was 
 so little, that the other fleet entering, the ships 
 were to ride one hard aboard of another ; also he 
 saw that if their fleet should perish by his keeping 
 i hem out. as of necessity they must if he should 
 have done so, then stood he in great fear of the 
 Queen our Sovereign's displeasure; in so weighty a 
 cause, therefore, did he choose the least evil, which 
 was to suffer them to enter under assurance, and so 
 to stand upon his guard, and to defend himself and 
 his from their treasons, which we were all assured 
 they would practise, and so the messenger being 
 returned from Don Martine do Henrique/., the new
 
 128 V'OYAGEES' TALES. 
 
 Viceroy, who came in the same fleet, and had 
 sufficient authority to command in all cases both 
 by sea and land in this province of Mexico or New 
 Spain, did certify our General, that for the better 
 maintenance of amity between the King of Spain 
 and our Sovereign, all our requests should be both 
 favourably granted and faithfully performed : 
 signifying further that lie heard and understood 
 of the honest and friendly dealing of our General 
 towards the King of Spain - subjects in all place-; 
 where he had been, as also in the said port ; so 
 that to be brief our requests were articled and so; 
 down in writing, viz. — 
 
 1. The first was that we might have victuals fbi 
 our money and license to sell as much wares a.- 
 might suffice to furni.-h our wants. 
 
 2. The second, that we might be suffered peace- 
 ably to repair our ships. 
 
 3. The third, that the inland might be in om 
 pos.-es-ion during the time of our anode there. '■>;. 
 which island our General, for th b--tter safety el 
 him and his, had already planted and placed certain 
 ordnance, which were eleven pieces of brass ; there- 
 fore he re mired that the mighi so continue, 
 and that no Spaniard should come to land in the 
 said island having or wearing any hind of weapu 
 about him.
 
 .MILES PHILLIPS. ] 29 
 
 4. The fourth and the last, that for the better 
 and more sure performance and maintenance of 
 peace, and of all the conditions, there might twelve 
 gentlemen of credit be delivered of either part as 
 hostages. 
 
 These conditions were concluded and agreed 
 upon in writing by the Viceroy and signed with 
 his hand, and sealed with his seal, and ten hostages 
 upon either part were received. And farther, it 
 was concluded that the two Generals should meet 
 and give faith each to other for the performance of 
 the promises. All which being done, the same was 
 proclaimed by the sound of a trumpet, and com- 
 mandment was given that none of either part 
 should violate or break the peace upon pain of 
 death. Thus, at the end of three days all was con- 
 cluded, and the fleet entered the port, the ships 
 saluting each other as the manner of the seas doth 
 require. The morrow after being Friday, we 
 laboured on all sides in placing the English ships 
 bv themselves and the Spanish ships by themselves ; 
 the captains and inferior persons of either part 
 offering and showing great courtesy one to another, 
 and promising great amity upon all sides. Howbeit, 
 as the sequel showed, the Spaniards meant nothing 
 less upon their parts. For the Viceroy and the 
 governor thereabout had secretly on land assembled 
 i; _■'!
 
 130 voyagers' tales. 
 
 to the number of one thousand chosen men, and 
 well appointed, meaning the next Thursday, being 
 the 24th of September, at dinner time to assault 
 us, and set upon us on all sides. But before I go 
 any further, I think it not amiss briefly to describe 
 the manner of the island as it then was, and the 
 force and strength that it is now of. For the 
 Spaniards, since the time of our General's being 
 there, for the better fortifying of tlie same place, 
 have upon the same island built a fair castle and 
 bulwark very well fortified ; this port was then, at 
 our being there, a little island of stones, not past 
 three foot above water in the highest place, and not 
 past a bow's shot over any way at the most, and it 
 standeth from the mainland two bow-sliots or 
 more, and there is not in all this coast any other 
 place for ships safely to arrive at ; also the north 
 winds in this coast are of great violence and force, 
 and unless the ships be safely moored in, witli their 
 anchors fastened in this island, there is no remedy, 
 but present destruction and shipwreck. All this 
 our General, wisely foreseeing, did provide that he 
 would have the said island in his custody, or else 
 the Spaniards might at their pleasure have hut cut 
 our cables, and so with the lir.st north wind that 
 blew we had had our passport, for our ships had 
 tjone ashore. But to return to the matter. The
 
 MILKS PHILLIPS. 131 
 
 time approaching that their treason must be put in 
 practice, the same Thursday morning, some appear- 
 ance thereof began to show itself, as shifting of 
 weapons from ship to ship, and planting and bend- 
 ing their ordnance against our men that warded 
 upon the land with great repair of people ; "which 
 apparent shows of breach of the Viceroy's faith 
 caused our General to send one to the Viceroy to 
 inquire of him what was meant thereby, who 
 pi'esently sent and gave order that the ordnance 
 aforesaid and other things of suspicion should be 
 removed, returning answer to our General in the 
 faith of a Viceroy that he would be our defence 
 and safety from all villainous treachery. This was 
 upon Thursday, in the morning. Our General not 
 being therewith satisfied, seeing they had secretly 
 conveyed a great number of men aboard a great 
 hulk or ship of theirs of nine hundred tons, which 
 ship rode hard by the Minion, he sent again to the 
 Viceroy Robert Barret, the master of the Jesus — a 
 man that could speak the Spanish tongue very well, 
 and required that those men might be unshipped 
 again which were in that great hulk. The Viceroy 
 then perceiving that their treason was thoroughly 
 espied, stayed our master and sounded the trumpet, 
 and gave order that his people should upon all 
 sides charge upon our men which warded on shore
 
 132 voyagers' tales. 
 
 and elsewhere, which struck such a maze and 
 sudden fear among us, that many gave place and 
 sought to recover our ships for the safety of them- 
 selves. The Spaniards, which secretly were hid in 
 ambush on land, were quickly conveyed over to the 
 island in their long boats, and so coming to the 
 island they slow all our men that they could meet 
 with without any mercy. The Minion — which had 
 somewhat before prepared herself to avoid the 
 danger — hailed away, and abode the first brant of 
 the three hundred men that were in the great hulk : 
 then they sought to fall aboard the Jesus, where 
 was a cruel fight, and many of our men slain ; but 
 yet our men defended themselves, and kept them 
 out: so the Jesus also got loose, and. joining with 
 the Minion, the fight waxed hot upon all sides ; but 
 they having wun and got our ordnance on shore, 
 did greatly annoy us. In this fight there were two 
 great ships of the Spaniards sunk and one burnt, so 
 that with their ships they were not able to harm 
 us ; but from the shore they beat us cruelly with 
 our own ordnance in such sori thai the J' sus was 
 very sore spoiled, and suddenly the Spaniard-. 
 having tired two great ships of their own. caia- 
 directly against us, which lnvd among our men a 
 marvi ar. I lowbeit, 1 he Miniim, which had 
 
 £ <\ le her sails iv.aly, shifted for herself withoui
 
 Mil, US PHILLIPS. 13? 
 
 c.iioseiit of the General, captain, or master, so that 
 very hardly our General could be received into the 
 Minion ; the most of our men that were in the Jesus 
 shifted for themselves, and followed the Minion in 
 the boat, and those which that small boat was not 
 able to receive were most cruelly slain by the 
 Spaniards. Of our ships none escaped save the 
 Minion and the Judith, and all such of our men 
 as were not in them were enforced to abide the 
 tyrannous cruelty of the Spaniards. For it is a 
 certain truth, that whereas they had taken certain 
 of our men at shore, they took and hung them up 
 by the arms upon high posts until the blood burst 
 out of their lingers' ends ; of which men so used 
 there is one Copstowe and certain others yet alive, 
 who, through the merciful Providence of the 
 Almighty, were long since arrived here at home in 
 England, carrying still about with them (and shall 
 to their graves) the marks and tokens of those their 
 inhuman and more than barbarous cruel dealing.
 
 1^4 Vui A<itJiS' J A..LKS. 
 
 THE TRIED CHAPTER. 
 
 Wherein is showed how that, after we were escaped from the 
 Spaniards, we were like to perish with famine at the sea, 
 and how our General, for the avoiding thereof, was con- 
 strained to put half of his men on land, and what miseries 
 we after that sustained amongst the savage people, and 
 how we fell again into the hands of the Spaniards. 
 
 After that the Viceroy, Don Martin Henriques, 
 had thus contrary to his faith and promise most 
 cruelly dealt with our General. Master Hawkins, at 
 St. John de Ullua, where most of his men were by 
 the Spaniards slain and drowned, and all his ships 
 sunk and burnt, saving the Minion and the Judith, 
 which was a small barque of fifty tons, wherein 
 was then captain Master Francis Drake aforesaid : 
 the same night the said barque was lost us, we 
 being in _'reat necessity and enforced to move with 
 the Minion two bow-shots from the Spanish fleet, 
 where we anchored ail that night ; and the next 
 morning we weighed anchor and recovered an island 
 a mile from the Spaniards, where a storm took us 
 with a north wind, in which we were greatly dis- 
 tressed, having but twn caMes and two anchors 
 left : for in tin we had lost three 
 
 cables and tw ■ anchors. The morrow after, the 
 storm beinjr ceased and the weather fair, we weighed
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. I'So 
 
 and set sail, being many men in number and but 
 small store of victuals to suffice us for any long time ; 
 by means whereof we were in despair and fear that 
 we should perish through famine, so that some 
 were in mind to yield themselves to the mercy of 
 the Spaniards, other some to the savages or infidels, 
 and wandering thus certain days in these unknown 
 seas, hunger constrained us to eat hides, cats and 
 dogs, mice, rats, parrots, and monkeys, to be short, 
 our hunger was so great that we thought it savoury 
 and sweet whatsoever we could get to eat. 
 
 And on the 8th of October we came to land 
 again, in the bottom of the Bay of Mexico, where 
 we hoped to have found some inhabitants, that we 
 might have had some relief of victuals and a place 
 where to repair our ship, which was so greatly 
 bruised that we were scarce able, with our weary 
 arms, to keep out the water. Being thus oppressed, 
 by famine on the one side and danger of drowning on 
 the other, not knowing where to find relief, we began 
 to he in wonderful despair. And we were of many 
 minds, amongst whom there were a great many 
 that did desire our General to set them on land, 
 making their choice rather to submit themselves to 
 the mercy of the savages or infidels than longer to 
 hazard themselves at sea, where they very well 
 saw that if they should all remain together, if
 
 l:!t; 
 
 they perished not by drowning, yet hunger would 
 enforce them, in tlie end, to eat one another. To 
 which request our General did \f:ry willingly 
 agree, considering with himself that it was 
 
 necessary for him to lessen his number, both for 
 the safety of himself and the rest. And, there- 
 upon, being resolved to set half his people on shore 
 that lie had then left alive, it was a world to see 
 how suddenly men's minds were altered, for thev 
 which a little before <!• -ired to be set on land were 
 now of another mind, and requested rather to stay 
 by mean-, whereof our General was enforced, for the 
 more contenting of all men's minds, and to take 
 away all occasions of offence, to take this order 
 first he made choice of such persons of service and 
 account as were needful to stay, and that being 
 done, of tho.-e which were willing to go, he 
 appointed such as he thought might be best spared, 
 and presently appointed that by the boat thev 
 should lie set on shore, our General promising- us 
 that the next year he would either come himself or 
 else send to fetch us home. Here, again, it would 
 have caused any stony heart to have relented to 
 hear the pitiful moan that many did make, and 
 how loth they wore to depart. The we :'--r wa- 
 tla-n somewhat soamy and temp'-snious, am 
 therefore we were in erred t clanger, vet, notwith
 
 .MI I, MS 1'HILLIPS. 137 
 
 standing there was no remedy, but we that were 
 appointed to go away must of necessity do so. 
 Howbeit, those that went in the first boat were 
 safely set ashore, but of them which went in the 
 second boat, of which number I myself was one, 
 the seas wrought so high that we could not attain 
 to the shore, and [therefore we were constrained- - 
 through the cruel dealing of John Hampton, 
 captain of the Jfinion, and John Sanders, boat- 
 swain of the Jesus, and Thomas Pollard, his mate 
 — to leap out of the boat into the main sea, having 
 more than a mile to shore, and so to shift for 
 ourselves, and either to sink or swim. And of 
 those that so were, as it were, thrown out and 
 compelled to leap into the sea, there were two 
 drowned, which were of Captain Bland's men. 
 
 In the evening of the same clay — it being 
 Monday, the 8th of October, 1508 — when we were 
 all come to shore, we found fresh water, whereof 
 some of our men drank so much that they had 
 almost cast tl away, for we could scarce 
 
 get life iu them for the space of two or three hours 
 after. Other some were so cruelly swollen — what 
 with the drinking in of the salt water, and what 
 with the eatir.g of the fruit which we found on 
 land, having a stone in it much like an almond, 
 which fruit is called capulc -that they were all in
 
 l.!S \ (J YAGERS TALKS. 
 
 very ill case, so that we were, in a manner, all of 
 us, both feeble, weak, and faint. 
 
 The next morning — it being Tuesday, the 9th of 
 October — we thought it best to travel along by the 
 sea coast, to seek out some place of habitation — 
 whether they were Christians or savages we were 
 indifferent — so that wo might have wherewithal to 
 sustain our hungry bodies, and so departing from 
 a hill where wo had r< sted all night, not having 
 any dry thread about us, for those that were nol 
 wet being thrown into the sea were thoroughly we 1 
 with rain, for all the night it rained cruelly. As 
 we went from the hill, and were come into the 
 plain, we were greatly ti-oubled to pass for the 
 grass and woods, that grew there higher than air- 
 mail. On the left hand we had the sea, and upon 
 the right hand great woods, so that of necessity we 
 must needs pass on our way westward through 
 those marshes, and going thus, suddenly we weir 
 assaulted by the Indians, a warlike kind of people, 
 which are in a manner as cannibals, although they 
 do not feed upon man's flesh as cannibals do. 
 
 These people are called Chiehemici, and they 
 used to wear their hair long, even down to their 
 knees ; they do also colour their faces green, 
 yellow, red, and blue, which maketh them to seem 
 very ugly and terrible to behold. These people do
 
 MIKES 1'HIJL.LIPS. 139 
 
 keep wars against, the Spaniards, of whom they 
 have been oftentimes very cruelly handled : for 
 with the Spaniards there is no mercy. They, 
 perceiving us at our first coming on land, supposed 
 us to have been their enemies the bordering 
 Spaniards ; and having, by their forerunners, 
 descried what number we were, and how feeble and 
 weak, without armour or weapon, they suddenly, 
 according to their accustomed manner when they 
 encounter with any people in warlike sort, raised a 
 terrible and huge cry, and so came running fiercely 
 upon us, shooting oil' their arrows as thick as hail, 
 unto whose mercy we were constrained to yield, 
 not having amongst us any kind of armour, nor yet 
 weapon, saving one caliver and two old rusty 
 swords, whereby to make any resistance or to save 
 ourselves; which, when they perceived that we 
 sought not any other than favour and mercy 
 at their hands, and that we were not their 
 enemies the Spaniards, they had compassion ■ on 
 us, and came and caused us all to sit down. And 
 when they had a while surveyed, and taken a 
 perfect view of us, they came to all such as 
 had any coloured clothes amongst us, and those 
 they did strip stark naked, and took their 
 clothes away with them ; but they that were 
 ipparelled in black they did not meddle withal,
 
 14') VOYAGEKS' TALKS. 
 
 and so went their ways and loft us, without doing 
 us. any further hurt, only in the first brunt they 
 1 eight of our men. And at our departure 
 they, perceiving in what weak case we were, 
 pointed us with tlieir hands which way we should 
 go to conic to a town of the Spaniards, which, as 
 we afterwards perceived, was not past ten leagues 
 from thence, using these words : " Tampeco, 
 tampeco, Clii'istio.DO, tamp'eco, Chrisfiano," which is 
 as much (we think) as to say in Hnglish, "Go that 
 way, and you shall find the Christians." The 
 weapons that they use are no other but bows and 
 arrows, and their aim is so good that they very 
 seldom miss to hit anything that they shoot at. 
 Shortly after they had left us stripped, as aforesaid, 
 we thought it best to divide; ourselves into two 
 companies, and so, being separated, half of us 
 went under the leading out? of Anthony Goddard, 
 who is yet alive, and dwelleth at this instant in 
 the town of Plymouth, whom before we chose to 
 be captain over us all. And those that went 
 under his leading, of which number J, Miles 
 Phillips, was one, travelled westward — that way 
 which the Indians with their hands had before 
 pointed us to go. The other half went under the 
 leading of one John Hooper, whom they did 
 choose for their captain, and with the company
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 141 
 
 that went with him David Ingram was one, and 
 they took their way and travelled northward. 
 And shortly after, within the space of two days, 
 they were again encountered by the savage people, 
 and their Captain Hooper and two more of his 
 company were slain. Then again they divided 
 themselves ; and some held on their way still 
 northward, and other some, knowing that we were 
 gone westward, sought to meet with us again, as, 
 m truth, there was about the number of five-and- 
 twenty or six-and-twenty of them that met with 
 us in the space of four days again. And then wo 
 began to reckon amongst ourselves how r many we 
 were that were set on shore, and we found the 
 number to be an hundred and fourteen, whereof 
 two were drowned in the sea and eight were slain 
 at the first encounter, so that there remained an 
 hundred and four, of which five-and-twenty went 
 westward with us, and two-and-fifty to the north 
 with Hooper and Ingrain ; and, as Ingram since 
 has often told me, there were not past three of their 
 company slain, and there were but five-and-twenty 
 of them that came again to us, so that of the 
 company that went northward there is yet lacking, 
 and not certainly heard of, the number of three- 
 and-twenty men. And verily I do think that 
 there are of them yet alive and married in the
 
 142 VOYAGERS TALKS. 
 
 said country, at Sibola, as hen-after I do purpose 
 (God willing) to discourse of more particularly, 
 with the rcitsM] - ;tnd causes that make me so to 
 think of them that were I king, which were with 
 David Ingram. Twide. Browne, and sundry others, 
 whose nai could not remember. And being 
 
 thus met again together we travelled on still 
 westward, sometimes through such thick woods 
 that we were enforced with cudgels to break away 
 the brambles and bushes from tearing our ns 
 bodies; other sometimes we should travel through 
 tie- plains in such high grass that we could scare* 
 see one another. And as we passed in some 
 places we should have of our men slain, and fall 
 down suddenly, being stricken by the Indians, 
 which stood behind trees and budies, in secret 
 places, and so killed our men as they went by ; for 
 we went seatteringly in seeking of fruits to relieve 
 ourselves. We were also oftentimes greatly 
 annoyed with a kind of fly, which, in the Indian 
 tongue, is called teij aui ; and the Spaniards call 
 them musketas. There are also in the said 
 countrv a number of other kind of tlies, but none 
 so noisome as these tequanies be. You shah 
 hardlv see them, they be .- r > small : for they an 
 scarce bo big as a gnat. They will suck one's 
 blood marvellouslv, and if vou kill them whih
 
 MILES PHILLIPS 143 
 
 they are sucking they are so venomous that the 
 place will swell extremely, even as one that is 
 stung with a wasp or bee. But if you let them 
 suck their fill, ana to go away of themselves, then 
 tliey do you no other hurt, but leave behind them 
 a red spot somewhat bigger than a flea biting. 
 At the first we were terribly troubled with these 
 kind of flies, not knowing their qualities ; and 
 resistance we could make none against them, being 
 naked. As for cold, we feared not any : the 
 country there is always so warm. 
 
 And as we travelled thus for the space of ten or 
 twelve days, our captain did oftentimes cause 
 certain to go up into the tops of high trees, to see 
 if they could descry any town or place of inhabit- 
 tants, but they could not perceive any, and using 
 often the same order to climb up into high trees, 
 at the length they descried a great river, that fell 
 from the north-west into the main sea ; and pre- 
 sently after we heard an harqucbuse shot off, winch 
 did greatly encourage us. for thereby we knew that 
 we were near to some Christians, and did therefore 
 hope shortly to find some succour and comfort. ; and 
 within the space of one hour after, as we travelled, 
 we heard a cock crow, which was also no small.joy 
 unto us; and so we came to the north side of the 
 river of Panuco, where the Spaniards have certain
 
 144 voyagers' tales. 
 
 salines, at which place it was that the harquebu.se 
 was shot off which, before we heard ; to which 
 place we went not directly, but, missing thereof, 
 we left it about a bow-shot upon our left hand. 
 Of this river we drank very greedily, for we had 
 not met with any water in six days before ; and, 
 as we were here by the river's side, resting our- 
 selves, and longing to come to the place where the 
 cock did crow and where the harquebuse was shot 
 off, we perceived many Spaniards upon the other 
 side of the river riding up and down on horseback, 
 ami they, perceiving us, did suppose that we had 
 been of the Indians, their bordering enemies, the 
 Chichemici. The river was not more than half a 
 bow-shot across, and presently one of the Spaniards 
 took an Indian boat, called a canoa, and so came 
 over, being rowed by two Indians; and, having 
 taken the view of us, did presently row over back 
 again to the Spaniards, who without any delay 
 made out about the number of twenty horsemen, 
 and embarking themselves in the eanoas, they led 
 their horses by the reins, swimming over after 
 them ; and being come over to that side of the 
 river where we were, they saddled their horses, 
 and being mounted upon them, with their lances 
 charged, they came very fiercely running at us. 
 Our captain, Anthony Ooddard, seeing them come
 
 MIUSS PHLLLIPS. 145 
 
 in that order, did persuade us to submit and yield 
 ourselves unto them, for being naked, as we at this 
 time were, and without weapon, we could not make 
 any resistance — whose bidding we obeyed; and 
 upon the yielding of ourselves, they perceived us 
 to be Christians, and did call for more canoas, and 
 carried us over by four and four in a boat ; and 
 being come on the other side, they understanding 
 by our captain how long we had been without meat. 
 imparted between two and two a loaf of bread 
 made of that country wheat, which the Spaniards 
 called maize, of the bigness of one of our halfpenny 
 loaves, which bread is named in the Indian tongue 
 clashacaVy. This bread was very sweet and 
 pleasant to us, for we had not eaten any for a long 
 time before; and what is it that hunger doth not 
 make to have a savoury and delicate taste '? Having 
 thus imparted the bread amongst us, those which 
 were men they sent afore to the town, having also 
 many Indians, inhabitants of that place, to guard 
 them. They which were young, as boys, and some 
 such also as were feeble, they took up upon their 
 horses behind them, and so carried us to the town 
 where they dwelt, which was distant very near a 
 mile from the place where we came over. 
 
 This town is well situated, and well replenished 
 with all kinds of fruits, as pomegranates, oranges.
 
 I-kJ voyagers' tales. 
 
 lemons, apricots, and peaches, and sundry others. 
 and is inhabited by a great number of tame Indians. 
 or Mexicans, and had in it also at that time about 
 the number of two hundred Spaniards, men, women, 
 and children, besides negroes. Of their salines, 
 which lie upon the west side of the river, more 
 than a mile distant from thence, they make a great 
 profit, for it is an excellent good merchandise there. 
 The Indians do buy much thereof, and carry it up 
 into the country, and there sell it to their own 
 country people, in doubling the price. Also, much 
 of the salt made in this place is transported from 
 thence by sea to sundry other places, as to Cuba, 
 St. John de Ullua, and the other ports of Tamiago, 
 and Tamachos, which are two barred havens west 
 and by south above threescore leagues from 
 St. John de Ullua. When we were all come to 
 the town, the governor there showed himself very 
 severe unto us, and threatened to hang us all; and 
 then he demanded what money we had, which in 
 truth was very little, for the Indians which we 
 first met withal had in a manner taken all from us. 
 and of that which they left the Spaniards which 
 brought us over took away a good part also; how- 
 beit, from Anthony Goddard the governor here 
 had a chain of gold, winch was given unto liim at 
 Cartagena by the governor there, and from others
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 147 
 
 lie had some small store of money ; so that we 
 accounted that amongst us all he had the numher 
 of five hundred pezoes, besides the chain of gold. 
 
 And having thus satisfied himself, when he had 
 taken all that we had, he caused us to be put into 
 a little house, much like a hog sty, where we were, 
 almost smothered; and before we were thus shut 
 up into that little cote, they gave us some of the 
 country wheat called maize sodden, which they 
 feed their hogs withal. But many of our men 
 which had been hurt by the Indians at our fh-st 
 coming on land, whose wounds were very sore and 
 grievous, desired to have the help of their surgeons 
 to cure their wounds. The governor, and most of 
 them all, answered, that we should have none other 
 surgeon but the hangman, which should sufficiently 
 heal us of all our griefs ; and they, thus reviling 
 ns, and calling us English dogs and Lutheran 
 heretics, we remained the space of three days in 
 this miserable state, not knowing what should 
 become of us, waiting every hour to be bereaved of 
 our lives.
 
 148 VOYAGEBS' TALES. 
 
 THE FOURTH CHAPTER. 
 
 Wherein is showed how we were used in Tanuco, and in what 
 fear of death we were there, and how we were carried to 
 Mexico to the Viceroy, and of our imprisonment there and 
 at Tescuco, with the courtesies and cruelties we received 
 during that time-, and how in the end we were by procla- 
 mation given to serve as slaves to sundry gentlemen 
 Spaniards, 
 
 TJpox the fourth day after our coming thither, and 
 
 there remaining in a perplexity, looking every hour 
 
 when we should suffer death, there came a great 
 
 number of Indian- and Spaniards armed to fetch 
 
 us out of tin; liou.se, and amongst them we espied 
 
 one that brought a great many new halters, at the 
 
 sight whereof we were greatly amazed, and made 
 
 no oilier account but that we should presently have 
 
 suffered death; and so, crying and calling to God 
 
 f( ir mercy and for forgiveness of our sins, we prepared 
 
 ourselves to die ; yet in the end, as the sequel 
 
 showed, their meaning was not so; for when we 
 
 were come out of the house, with those halters they 
 
 bound our arms behind us, and so coupling us two 
 
 and two together, they commanded us to march 
 
 on through the town, and so along the country 
 
 from place to place toward the city of Mexico, 
 
 which is distant from'Panuco west and by south 
 
 the space of threescore leagues, having only but
 
 MILES PHIIXIPS. 149 
 
 two Spaniards to .conduct us, they being accom- 
 panied with a great number of Indians, warding 
 on either side with bows and arrows, lest we 
 should escape from them. And travelling in tins 
 order, upon the second clay, at night, we came unto 
 a town which the Indians call Nohele, and the 
 Spaniards call it Santa Maria, in which town there 
 is a house of "White Friars, which did very courte- 
 ously vise us, and gave us hot meat, as mutton and 
 broth, and garments also to cover ourselves withal, 
 made of white baize. W r e fed very greedily of the 
 meat and of the Indian fruit, called nochole, which 
 fruit is long and small, much like in fashion to a 
 little cucumber. Our greedy feeding caused us to 
 fall sick of hot burning agues ; and here at this 
 place one Thomas Baker, one of our men, died of a 
 hurt, for he bad been before shot with an arrow 
 into the throat at the first encounter. 
 
 The next morrow, about ten of the clock, we 
 departed from thence, bound two and two together, 
 and guarded as before, and so travelled on our way 
 toward Mexico, till we came to a town within 
 forty leagues of Mexico named Mesticlan, where is 
 a house of Black Friars, and in this town there are 
 about the number of three hundred Spaniards, 
 both men, women, and children. The friars sent 
 us meat from the house ready dressed, and the
 
 i>0 VCYAOIEHS' TALES. 
 
 fri'trs and mm and women used us very courteously, 
 and gave us some shirts and other such tilings as 
 we lacked. Uric our men were very sick of their 
 agues, and with eating of another fruit, called in 
 the Indian tongue, Guiaccos, which fruit did bind 
 us sore. The next morning we departed from 
 thence with our two Spaniards and Indian guard 
 as aforesaid. Of these two Spaniards the one was 
 an aged man, who all the way did very courteously 
 entreat us, and would carefully go before to provide 
 for us both meat and things necessary to the utter- 
 most of his power. Tin; other was a young man, 
 who all the way travelled with us, and never 
 departed from us, who was a very cruel caitiff, and 
 he carried a javelin in his hand, and sometimes 
 when as our men with very feebleness and faint- 
 ness were not able to go so fast as he required 
 them, he would take las javelin in both Lis hands 
 and strike them with the same between the neck 
 and the shoulders so violently that he would strike 
 them down, then would he cry and say : "Marches, 
 marches, Eivjleses perros, Luterianos, enernicos de 
 Dios ;" which is as much to say in English, 
 " March, march on you English doys, Lutherans, 
 enemies to God." And the next day we came to a 
 town called Pachuca, and there are two places of 
 that name, as this town of Pachuca, and the mines
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 1-~>1 
 
 of Pachuca, which are mines of silver, and are 
 about six leagues distant from this town of Pachuca 
 towards the north-west. 
 
 Here at this town the good old man our 
 governor suffered us to stay two days and two 
 nights, having compassion of our sick and weak 
 men, full sore against the mind of the young man 
 his companion. Prom thence we took our journey, 
 and travelled four or five days by little villages and 
 Stantias, which are farms or dairy houses of the 
 Spaniards, and ever as we had need the good old 
 man would still provide us sufficient of meats, 
 fruits, and water to sustain us. At the end of 
 which five days we came to a town within five 
 leagues of Mexico, which is called Quoghliclan, 
 where we also stayed one whole day and two 
 nights, where was a fair house of Grey Friars, how- 
 beit, we saw none of them. Here we were told by 
 the Spaniards in the town that we had not more 
 than fifteen English miles from thence to Mexico, 
 whereof we were all very joyful and glad, hoping 
 that when we came thither we should either be 
 relieved and set free out of bonds, or else be 
 quickly despatched out of our lives ; for seeing 
 ourselves thus carried bound from place to place, 
 -lthough some used us courteously, yet could we 
 never joy nor be merry till we might perceive
 
 152 voyagers" tales. 
 
 ourselves set free from that bondage, either by 
 death or otherwise. 
 
 The next morning we departed from thence on 
 our journey towards Mexico, and so travelled till 
 we came within two leagues of it, where there was 
 built by the Spaniards a very fair church, called 
 Our Lady Church, in which there is an image 
 of Our Lady of silver and gilt, being as high and 
 as large as a tall woman, in which church, and 
 before this image, there are as many lamps of silver 
 as there be days in the year, which upon high days 
 are all lighted. Whensoever any Spaniards pass 
 by this church, although they be on horseback, 
 they will alight and come into the church, and 
 kneel before tins imager, and pray to Our Lady to 
 defend them from all evil : so that whether he be 
 hors'Tuan or footman he will not pass by, but first 
 go into the church and pray as afore>aiel. wine 
 they do not, they think and believe that they shall 
 never pr< -per. v. i ich image ' ley call ii the Spanish 
 tongue Xo>tra Si^uora de Guadeloupe. At this 
 place there are certain cold baths, which arise. 
 springing up as though "1," water -lid seethe, the 
 water w hereof is soi - ,vh it brackish in taste, but 
 ver\ _>■" i ibr any thai have any >oi*e or wound to 
 , es tln'1'i-w it h. for as they say, it 
 : and e\crv \ ear i >in-e imon Our Lad v
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 153 
 
 Day, the people used to repair thither to offer and 
 to pray in that church before the image, and they 
 say that Our Lady of Guadaloupe dotli work a 
 number of miracles. About this church there is 
 not any town of Spaniards that is inhabited, but 
 certain Indians do dwell there in houses of their 
 own country building. 
 
 Here we were met by a great number of 
 Spaniards on horseback, which came from Mexico 
 to see us, both gentlemen and men of occupations, 
 and they came as people to see a wonder; we were 
 .still called upon to march on, and so about four of 
 the clock in the afternoon of the said day, we 
 entered into the city of Mexico by the way or 
 street called La Calia Sancta Catherina ; and we 
 stayed not in any place till we came to the house 
 or palace of the Viceroy, Don Martin Henriques, 
 which standeth in the midclest of the city, hard by 
 the market place called La Placa dell Marquese. 
 We had not stayed any long time at this place, 
 but there was brought us by the Spaniards from 
 the market place great store of meat, sufficient to 
 have satisfied five times so many as we were ; 
 some also gave us hats, and some gave us money ; 
 in which place we stayed for the space of two 
 hours, and from thence we were conveyed by water 
 into large canoas to a hospital, where certain of
 
 15-1 voyagers" tales. 
 
 our men were lodged, which were taken before the 
 fight at St. John de Ullua. We should have gone 
 to Our Lady's Hospital, but that there were also 
 so many of our men taken before at that fight that 
 there was no room for us. After our coming 
 thither, many of the company that came with me 
 from Panuco died within the space of fourteen 
 days ; soon after which time we were taken forth 
 from that place and put all together into Our Lady's 
 Hospital, in which place we were courteously used, 
 and visited oftentimes by virtuous gentlemen and 
 gentlewomen of the city, who brought us divers 
 things to comfort us withal, as succats and marma- 
 lades and such other things, and would also many 
 times give us many things, and that very liberally. 
 In which hospital we remained for the space of six 
 months, until we wore all whole and sound of body, 
 and then we were appointed by the Viceroy to be 
 carried unto the town of Tescuco, which is distant 
 from Mexico south-west eight leagues; in which 
 town there are certain houses of correction and 
 punishment for ill people called ohraches, like to 
 Bridewell here in London; in. which place divers 
 Indians are sold for slaves, some for ten years and 
 some for twelve. It was no small grief unto us 
 when we understood that we should be carried 
 thither, and to be u^ed as slaves ; we had rather be
 
 MiJL£!S FHJJJjIfS. 155 
 
 put to death, howbeit there was no remedy, bat 
 we were carried to the prison of Tescuco, where we 
 were not put to any labour, but were very straightly 
 kept and almost famished, yet by the good provi- 
 dence of our merciful God, we happened there to 
 meet with one Robert Sweeting, who was the son 
 of an Englishman born of a Spanish woman ; this 
 man could speak very good English, and by his 
 means we were holpen very much with victuals 
 from the Indians, as mutton, hens, and bread. 
 And if we had not been so relieved we had surely 
 perished ; and yet all the provision that we had 
 gotten that way was but slender. And continuing 
 thus straightly kept in prison there for the space of 
 two months, at the length we agreed amongst our- 
 selves to break forth of prison, come of it what 
 would, for we were minded rather to suffer deadi 
 than longer to live in that miserable state. 
 
 And so having escaped out of prison, we knew 
 not what way to fly for the safety of ourselves ; the 
 night was dark, and it rained terribly, and not 
 having any guide, we went we knew not whither, 
 and in the morning at the appearing of the day, we 
 perceived ourselves to be come hard to the city of 
 Mexico, which is four and twenty English miles 
 from Tescuco. The day being come, we were 
 espied by the Spaniards, and pursued, and taken,
 
 150 V<n A'il-.RS' TALES. 
 
 and brought before the Viceroy aud head justices, 
 who threatened to hang us for breaking of the 
 king's prison. Yet in the end they sent us into a 
 garden belonging to the Viceroy, and coining 
 thither, we found there our English gentlemen 
 which were delivered as hostages when as our General 
 was betrayed at St. John de Ullua, as is aforesaid, 
 and with them we also found Robert Barret, the 
 master of the Jesus, in which place we remained, 
 labouring and doing such things as we were com- 
 manded for the space of four months, having but 
 two sheep a clay allowed to suffice us all, being 
 very near a hundred men ; and for bread, we had 
 every man two loaves a day of the quantity of one 
 halfpenny loaf. At the end of which four months, 
 they having removed our gentlemen hostages and 
 the master of the Jesus to a prison in the Viceroy 
 his own house, did cause it to be proclaimed, that 
 what gentleman Spaniard soever was willing, or 
 would have any Englishman to serve him, aud be 
 bound to keep him forthcoming to appear before 
 the justices within one month after notice given, 
 that they should repair to the said garden, and 
 there take their choice ; winch proclamation was 
 no sooner made Imt the gentlemen came and re- 
 paired to the garden amain, so that happy was he 
 that could soonest get one of us.
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 157 
 
 THE FIFTH CHAPTER. 
 
 Wherein is showed in what good sort and how -wealthily we 
 lived with our masters until the coming of the Inquisition, 
 when as again, our sorrows began afresh : of our imprison- 
 ment in the Holy House, and of the severe judgment and 
 sentences given against ns, and with what rigour and 
 cruelty the same were executed. 
 
 The gentlemen that thus took us for their servants 
 or slaves, did new apparel us throughout, with 
 whom we abode doing such service as they ap- 
 pointed us unto, which was for the most part to 
 attend upon them at the table, and to be as their 
 chamberlains, and to wait upon them when they 
 went abroad, which they greatly accounted of, for 
 in that country no Spaniard will serve one another, 
 but they are all of them attended and served by 
 Indians weekly, and by negroes which be their 
 slaves during their life. In this sort we remained 
 and served in the said city of Mexico and there- 
 abouts for the space of a year and somewhat longer. 
 Afterwards many of us were by our masters ap- 
 pointed to go to sundry of their mines where they 
 had to do, and to be as overseers of the negroes and 
 Indians that laboured there. In which mines 
 many of us did profit and gain greatly ; for first we 
 were allowed three hundred pezoes a man for a 
 year, which is three score pounds sterling, and
 
 158 voyagers' tales. 
 
 besides that the Indians and negroes which 
 wrought under our charge, upon our well using and 
 entreating of them, would at times as upon Satur- 
 days when they had left work labour for us, and 
 blow as much silver as should be worth unto us 
 three marks or thereabouts, every mark being 
 worth six pezoes, and a half of their money, which 
 nineteen pezoes and a half, is worth four livres, ten 
 shillings of our money. Sundry weeks we did gain 
 so much by this means besides our wages, that 
 many of us became very rich, and were worth three 
 thousand or four thousand pezoes, for we lived and 
 gained thus in those mines some three or four 
 years. As concerning those gentlemen which were 
 delivered as hostages, and that were kept in prison 
 in the Viceroy his house, after that we were gone 
 from out the garden to serve sundry gentlemen as 
 aforesaid, they remained prisoners in the said 
 house, for the space of four months after their 
 coming thither, at the end whereof the fleet, being 
 ready to depart from St. John de Ullua to go for 
 Spain, the said gentlemen were sent away into 
 Spain with the fleet, where I have heard it credibly 
 reported, many of them died with the cruel hand- 
 ling of the Spaniards in the Inquisition house, as 
 those which have been delivered home after they 
 had sufferer! the persecution of that house can more
 
 MILKS PHILLIPS. 159 
 
 perfectly declare. Robert Barret also, master of 
 the Jesus, was sent away with the fleet into Spain 
 the next year following, whereafter he suffered per- 
 secution in the Inquisition, and at the last was 
 condemned to be burnt, and with him three or four 
 more of our men, of whom one was named Gregory 
 and another John Browne, whom I knew, for they 
 were of our general his musicians, but the names 
 of the rest that suffered with them I know not. 
 
 Now after that six years there fully expired 
 since our first coming into the Indies in which time 
 we had been imprisoned and served in the said 
 countries, as is before truly declared in the year of 
 our Lord one thousand five hundred and seventy 
 four, the Inquisition began to be established in the 
 Tndies very much against the minds of many of the 
 Spaniards themselves, for never until this time 
 since their first conquering and planting in the 
 Indies, were they subject to that bloody and cruel 
 Inquisition. The chief Inquisitor was named Don 
 Pedro Moya de Confreres, and John de Bouilla his 
 companion, and John Sanchis the Fischall, and 
 Pedro de la Bios, the Secretary, they being come, 
 and settled, and placed in a very fair house, near 
 unto the White Friars, considering with themselves 
 that they must make an entrance and beginning of 
 that their most detestable 1 nquisition here in Mexico
 
 1GU Vui'AGE&s' TALES. 
 
 to the terror of the whole country, thought it best 
 to call us that, were Englishmen first in question, 
 and so much the rather for that they had perfect 
 knowledge and intelligence, that many of us v^re 
 become very rich as hath been already declared, 
 and therefore we were a very great booty and prey 
 to the Inquisitors, so that now again began our 
 sorrows afresh, for we were sent for, and sought 
 out in all places of the country, and proclamation 
 made upon pain of losing of goods, and excom- 
 munication that no man should hide or keep secret 
 any Englishman or any part of their goods. By 
 means whereof we were ail soon apprehended in all 
 places, and all our goods seized and taken for the 
 inquisitors' use, and so from all parts of the country 
 we were conveyed and sent as prisoners to the citv 
 of Mexico, and there committed to prison in sundrv 
 dark dungeons where we could not see but by caudle- 
 light, and were never more than two together in one 
 place so that we saw not one another, neither could 
 one of us tell what was become of another. Thus 
 we remained close imprisoned for the space of a 
 year and a half, and others for some less time, for 
 they came to prison ever as they were apprehended. 
 During which time of our imprisonment at the first 
 beginning we wore often called before the Inquisi- 
 tors alone, and there severely examined of our
 
 MILKS l J HiIJL,IPS. 161 
 
 faith, and commanded to say the ]>ater nosier, the 
 Ave mariu, and the creed in Latin, which God 
 knoweth a great number of us could not say other- 
 wise than in the English tongue. And having the 
 said Robert Sweeting who was our friend at Tes- 
 cuco always present with them for an interpreter 
 he made report for us in our own country speech 
 we could say them perfectly, although not word for 
 w r ord as they were in Latin. Then did they pro- 
 ceed to demand of us upon our oaths what we did 
 believe of the sacrament, and whether there did 
 remain any bread or wine after the words of conse- 
 cration, yea or no, and whether we did not believe 
 that the Host of bread which the priest did hold 
 up over his head, and the wine that was in the 
 chalice, was the very true and perfect body and 
 blood of our Saviour Christ, yea or no, to which if 
 we answered not yea, then was there no way but 
 death. Then would they demand of us what we 
 did remember of ourselves, wdiat opinions we had 
 held or had been taught to hold, contrary to the 
 same whiles we were in England ; to which w r e for 
 the safety of our lives were constrained to say that 
 we never did believe, nor had been taught other- 
 wise than as betore we had. .-aid. Then would they 
 charge us that we did not tell them the truth, that
 
 ll!2 VOYAGERS' TALES. 
 
 we knew to the contrary, and therefore we should 
 call ourselves to remembrance and make them a 
 better answer at the next time or else we should be 
 racked and made to confess the truth whether we 
 would or no. And so coining again before them 
 the next time, we were still demanded of our belief 
 whiles we were in England, and how we had been 
 taught, and al-o what we thought or did know of 
 such of our company as they did name unto us, so 
 that we could never be free- from such demands, 
 and at other times they would promise us that if 
 we would tell them the truth, then should we have 
 favour and be set at liberty, although we very well 
 knew their fair speeches were but means to entrap 
 us to the hazard and loss of our lives ; howbeit God 
 so mercifully wrought for us by a secret means that 
 we hail that we kept us still to our first answer, 
 and would .--till say that we had told the truth unto 
 them, and knew no more by ourselves nor any other 
 of our fellows than as we had declared, and that 
 lb 1- our sins and ofl'encos in England against God 
 and our Lady, or any of His blessed saints, we 
 were heartily sorry for the same, and did cry God 
 mercy, and besought the Inquisitors, for God's sake, 
 considering that we came into those countries by 
 force of weather, and against our wills, and that
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 163 
 
 never in all our lives we had either spoken or done 
 anything contrary to their laws, that therefore they 
 would have mercy on us, yet all this would not 
 serve, for still from time to time we were called 
 upon to confess, and about the space of three 
 months, before they proceeded to their severe judg- 
 ment, we were all racked, and some enforced to 
 utter that against themselves which afterwards cost 
 them their lives. 
 
 And thus haying gotten from our own mouths 
 matter sufficient for them to proceed in judgment 
 against us, they caused a large scaffold to be made 
 in the midst of the market-place in Mexico, right 
 over against the head church, and fourteen or 
 lifteen days before the day of their judgment, with 
 the sound of a trumpet, and the noise of their 
 (tttdbalies, which are a kind of drums, they did as- 
 semble the people in all parts of the city, before 
 whom it was then solemnly proclaimed that whoso- 
 ever would upon such a day, repair to the market- 
 place, they should hear the sentence of the Holy 
 Inquisition against the English heretic Lutherans, 
 and also see the same put in execution. Which 
 being done, and the time approaching of this cruel 
 judgment, the night before they came to the 
 prison where we were, with certain officers of that
 
 164 voyagers' tales. 
 
 holy hellish house, bringing with theru certain 
 fools' coats which they had prepared for us, being 
 called in their language St. Benitos, which coats 
 were made of yellow cotton and red crosses upon 
 them, both before and behind; they were so busied 
 in putting on their coats about us and in bringing 
 us out into a large yard, and placing and pointing 
 us in what order we should go to the scaffold or 
 place of' judgment upon the morrow, that they did 
 not once suffer us to sleep all that night long. 
 
 The next morning being come, there was given 
 to every one of us for our breakfast, a cup of wine, 
 and a slice of bread fried in honey, and so about 
 eight of the clock in the morning, we set forth of 
 the prison, every man alone in his yellow coat ami 
 a rope about his neck, and a great green wax 
 candle in his hand unlighted, having a Spaniard 
 appointed to go upon either side of every one of us ; 
 and so marching in this order and manner towards 
 the scaffold in the market-pla ■•a, which was a bow- 
 shni distant or thereabouts, we found a t>reat a- 
 semblv of people all the way. and such throng. 
 certain of the Inquisitors' oiiiei rs on horseback 
 were contrainedto make way, and so coming to the 
 scaffold we went up by a pair of stairs, and found 
 seals readv made and prepared for us to sit down
 
 MiUis jeHiiOiiPs. 165 
 
 on, every man in order as he should be called to 
 receive his judgment. We being thus set down as 
 we were appointed, presently the Inquisitors came 
 up another pair of stairs, and the Viceroy and all 
 the chief justices with them. When they were set 
 down and placed under the cloth of estate agreeing 
 to their degrees and calling, then came up also a 
 great number of friars, white, black, and grey, 
 about the number of 300 persons, they being set in 
 the places for them appointed. Then was there a 
 solemn Oyes made, and silence commanded, and 
 then presently began their severe and cruel judg- 
 ment. 
 
 The first man that was called was one Roger, the 
 chief armourer of the Jesus, and he had judgment 
 to have 300 stripes on horseback, and after con- 
 demned to the galleys as a slave for ten years. 
 
 After him was called John Gray, John Browne, 
 John Rider, John Moone, James Collier, and one 
 Thomas Browne. These were adjudged to have 
 200 stripes on horseback, and after to be com- 
 mitted to the galleys for the space of eight years. 
 
 Then was called John Keies, and was adjudged 
 to have 100 stripes on horseback, and condemned 
 to serve in the galleys for the space of six years. 
 
 Then were severally called the number of
 
 ltJb" VutfAGERS.' TAXES. 
 
 fifty-three, one after another, and every man had 
 his several judgment, some to have 200 stripes on 
 horseback and some 100, and some condemned for 
 slaves to the galleys, some for six years, some for 
 eight, and some for ten. 
 
 And then was I. Miles Phillips, called, and was 
 adjudged to serve in a monastery for five years, 
 without any stripes, and to wear a fool's coat or 
 San Benito, during all that time. 
 
 Then were called John Storie, Richard Williams. 
 David Alexander, Robert Cooke, and Horsewell, 
 and Thomas Hull. These six were condemned to 
 serve in monasteries without stripes, some for 
 three years, and some for four, and to wear the 
 San Benito during all the said time. Which being 
 done, and it now drawing towards night, George 
 Rivelie, Peter Momfrie, and Cornelius the Irish- 
 man were called, and had their judgment to be 
 burnt to ashes, and so were presently sent away to 
 the place of execution in the market-place, but a 
 little from the scaffold, where they were quickly 
 burnt and consumed. And as for us that had re- 
 ceived our judgment, being sixty-eight in number, 
 we were carried back that night to prison again, 
 and the next day in the morning, being Good 
 Friday, the year of our Lord, 1575, we were all
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 167 
 
 Wrought into a court of the Inquisitors' Palace, 
 where we found a horse in readiness for every one 
 of our men which were condemned to have stripes, 
 and to be committed to the galleys, which were in 
 number sixty, and so they, being enforced to 
 mount up on horseback, naked, from the middle 
 upward, were carried to be showed as a spectacle 
 for all the people to behold throughout the chief 
 and principal streets of the city, and had the 
 number of stripes to every one of them appointed, 
 most cruelly laid upon their naked bodies with long 
 whips, by sundry men appointed to be the execu- 
 tioners thereof, and before our men there went a 
 couple of criers, which cried as they went, "Behold 
 these English dogs. Lutherans, enemies to God," 
 and all the way as they went, there were some of 
 the Inquisitors themselves, and of the familiars of 
 that rakediell order, that cried to the executioners, 
 " Strike, lay on those English heretics, Lutherans, 
 God's enemies:" and so this horrible spectacle 
 being showed round about the city, and they re- 
 turned to the Inquisitors' House, with their backs 
 all gore blood and swollen with great bumps. They 
 were then taken from their horses and carried again 
 to prison, where they remained until they were 
 sent into Spain to the galleys, there to receive the
 
 168 \ OYAGERS' TALriS. 
 
 rest of their martyrdom ; and I, and the six othei 
 with me, which bad judgment and were condemned 
 among the rest to serve an apprenticeship in tin 
 monasteries, were taken presently and sent to cer 
 tain religious houses appointed for the purpose. 
 
 THE SIXTH CHAPTER. 
 
 'Wherein is showed how we were used in the religious houses, 
 and that when the time was expired that we were adjudged 
 to serve in them, there came news to Mexico of Master 
 Francis Drake's being in the South Sea, and what prepara- 
 tion was made to take him ; and how I, seeking to escape. 
 was again taken and put in prison in Vera Cruz, and how 
 again I made mine escape from thence. 
 
 I, Miles Phillips, and William Lowe were ap 
 
 pointed to the Black Friars, where I was appointed 
 
 to be an overseer of Indian workmen, who wrought 
 
 there in building a new church, amongst which 
 
 Indians I learned their language or Mexican 
 
 tongue very perfectly, and had great familiarity 
 
 with many of them, whom I found to be a courteous 
 
 and loving kind of people, ingenious, and of great 
 
 understanding, and they hate and abhor the 
 
 Spaniards with all their hearts. They have used 
 
 such horrible cruelties against them, and do still
 
 MILKS PHILLIPS. lf>9 
 
 keep them in such subjection and servitude, that 
 they and the negroes also do daily lie in wait to 
 practice their deliverance out of that thraldom and 
 bondage that the Spaniards do keep them in. 
 
 William Lowe, he was appointed to serve the 
 cook in the kitchen ; Richard Williams and David 
 Alexander were appointed to the Grey Friars ; 
 John Storey and Robert Cooke to the White Friars ; 
 Paul Horsewell the Secretary took to be his servant ; 
 Thomas Hull was sent to a monastery of priests, 
 where afterward he died. Thus we served out the 
 years that we were condemned for, with the use of 
 our fools' coats, and we must needs confess that the 
 friars did use us very courteously, for every one of 
 us had his chamber, with bedding and diet, and all 
 things clean and neat ; yea, many of the Spaniards 
 and friars themselves do utterly abhor and mislike 
 of that cruel Inquisition, and would as they durst 
 bewail our miseries, and comfort us the best they 
 could, although they stood in such fear of that 
 devilish Inquisition that they durst not let the left 
 hand know what the right doeth. 
 
 ISTow after that the time was expired for which 
 we were condemned to serve in those religious 
 houses, we were then brought again before the Chief 
 Inquisitor, and had all our fools' coats pulled off
 
 I/O VOYAGERS TALES. 
 
 iind hanged up in the head church, called Ecclesia 
 Mnjora, and every man's name and judgment 
 written thereupon with this addition — heretic 
 Lutheran reconciled. And there are also all their 
 coats hanged up which were condemned to the 
 galleys, with their names and judgments, and 
 underneath his coat, heretic Lutheran reconciled. 
 And also the coats and names of the three 
 that were burned, whereupon were written, An 
 obstinate heretic Lutheran burnt. Then were 
 we suffered to go up and down the country, 
 and to place ourselves as we could, and yet not 
 so free hut that we very well knew that there 
 was a good espial always attending us and all 
 our actions, so that we durst not once to speak or 
 look awry. David Alexander and Robert Cooke 
 they returned to serve the inquisitor, who shortly 
 after married them both to two of his negro women ; 
 Richard Williams married a rich widow of Biskav 
 with four thousand pezoes ; Paul ilorsewell is 
 married to a Mrsfizn, as they name those whose 
 fathers were Spaniards and their mothers Indians, 
 and this woman which Paul [forsewell hath married 
 is said to be the daughter of one that came in with 
 Hernando Cortes, the Conqueror, who had with her 
 in marriage four thousand pezoes and a fair house ;
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 171 
 
 John Storie lie is married to a negro woman ; 
 William Lowe had leave and licence to go into 
 Spain, where he is now married. For mine own 
 part I could never thoroughly settle myself to 
 marry in that country, although many fair offers 
 were made unto me of such as were of great ability 
 and wealth ; but I could have no liking to live in 
 that place where I must everywhere see and know 
 such horrible idolatry committed, and durst not 
 once for my life speak against it ; and therefore I 
 had always a longing and desire to this my native 
 country ; and to return and serve again in the 
 mines, where I might have gathered great riches and 
 wealth, I very well saw that at one time or another 
 I should fall again into the danger of that devilish 
 Inquisition, and so be stripped of all, with loss of 
 life also, and therefore I made my choice rather to 
 learn to weave Groganes and Taii'ataes, and so 
 compounding with a silk weaver, 1 bound myself 
 for three years to serve him, and gave him one 
 hundred and fifty pezoes to teach me the science, 
 otherwise he would not have taught me under seveii 
 years' prenticeship, and by tins means 1 lived the 
 more quiet and free from suspicion. 
 
 Iiowbeit I should many times be charged by 
 familiars of that devilish house, that 1 had a
 
 1 3 2 V u V AGE KS ' 'i AI.HB. 
 
 meaning tu run a. why into England, and be au heretic 
 Lutheran again : to whom I would answer that they 
 had no need to suspect any such thing in me, for that 
 they knew all very well that it was impossible for 
 me to escape by any manner of means ; yet notwith- 
 standing I wa's called before the Inquisitors and 
 demanded why I did not marry. I answered that 
 I had bound myself at an occupation. " Well," 
 said the Inquisitor, " I know thou meanest to run 
 away, and therefore I charge thee here upon pain of 
 burning as an heretic relapsed, that thou depart 
 not out of this city, nor come near to the port of 
 St. John de Ullua, nor to any other port ;" to the 
 which 1 answered that I would willingly obey. 
 •' Yea," said he, " see thou do so, and thy fellow.-, 
 also ; they shall have the like charge." 
 
 So I remained at my science the full time and 
 learned the art, at the end whereof there came 
 news to Mexico that there were certain Englishmen 
 landed with a great power at the port of Acapulco, 
 upon the South Sea, and that they were coming to 
 -Mexico to take the spoil thereof, which wrought a 
 marvellous great fear among them, and many of 
 thuse that were rich began to shift for themselves, 
 their wives and children ; upon which hurly-burh 
 the Viceroy caused a general muster to be made el
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 173 
 
 all the Spaniards in Mexico, and there were found 
 to the number of seven thousand and odd house- 
 holders of Spaniards in the city and suburbs, and of 
 single men unmarried the number of three thousand, 
 and of Mestizoes — which are counted to be the sons 
 of Spaniards born of Indian women — twenty thou- 
 sand persons ; and then was Paul Horsewell and I, 
 Miles Phillips, sent for before the A'iceroy and 
 were examined if we did know an Englishman 
 named Francis Drake, which was brother to Captain 
 Hawkins ; to which we answered that Captain 
 Hawkins had not any brother but one, which was 
 a man of the age of threescore years or thereabouts, 
 and was now governor of Plymouth in England. 
 And then he demanded of us if we knew one 
 Francis Drake, and we answered no. 
 
 AVhile these things were in doing, there came 
 news that all the Englishmen were gone ; yet was 
 there eight hundred men made out under the 
 leading of several captains, whereof' two hundred 
 were sent to the port of St. John de Ullua, upon 
 the North Sea, under the conduct of Don Luis 
 Suares ; two hundred were sent to Guatemala, in 
 the South Sea, who had for their captain John 
 Cortes ; two hundred more were sent to Guatelco, 
 a port of the South Sea, over whom went for
 
 17 A VOYAGERS' tales. 
 
 captain Don Pedro de Roblis; and two hundred 
 more were sent to Acapulco, the port where it was 
 said that Captain Drake had been, and they had 
 for captain Doctor Boblis Alcalde de Corte, with 
 whom 7, Miles Phillips, went as interpreter, having 
 licence given by the Inquisitors. When we were 
 come to Acapulco we found that Captain Drake 
 was departed from thence, more than a month 
 before we came thither. But yet our captain, 
 Alcalde de Corte, there presently embarked himself 
 in a small ship of threescore Ion, or thereabout, 
 having also in company with him two other small 
 barques, and not past two hundred men in all, 
 with whom I went as interpreter in his own ship, 
 which, Cod knoweth, was but weak and ill-ap- 
 pointed ; so that for certain, if we had met 
 with Captain Drake, he might easily have taken 
 us all. 
 
 We, being embarked, kept our course, and ran 
 southward towards Panama, keeping still as nigh 
 the shore as we could; and leaving the land upon 
 our left hand, and Inning coasted thus for the 
 space of eighteen or twenty days, and were more 
 to the south than Guatemala, we met at last with 
 other ships which came from Panama, of whom we 
 were certainly informed that he was clean gone oft'
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 175 
 
 the coast more than a month before ; and so we 
 returned back to Acapulco again, and there landed, 
 our captain being thereunto forced, because his 
 men were very sore sea-sick. All the while that I 
 was at sea with them I was a glad man, for I hoped 
 that if we met with Master Drake we should all be 
 taken, so that then I should have been freed out of 
 that danger and misery wherein I lived, and should 
 return to mine own country of England again. 
 But missing thereof, when I saw there was no 
 remedy but that we must needs come on land 
 again, little doth any man know the sorrow and 
 grief that inwardly I felt, although outwardly 1 
 was constrained to make fair weather of it. 
 
 And so, being landed, the next morrow after we 
 began our journey towards Mexico, and passed 
 these towns of name in our way, as first the town 
 of Tuatepec, fifty leagues from Mexico ; from thence 
 io Washaca, forty leagues from Mexico ; from 
 t hence to Tepiaca, twenty-four leagues from Mexico ; 
 and from thence to Lopueblo de Los Angelos, 
 where is a high hill which casteth out fire three 
 limes a day, which hill is eighteen leagues directly 
 west from Mexico; from thence we went to 
 Stapelata, eighl leagues from Mexico, and there 
 our captain and most of his men took boat and
 
 170 voyagers' talks. 
 
 came to Mexico again, having been forth about the 
 space of seven weeks, or thereabouts. 
 
 Our captain made report to the Viceroy what he 
 had done, and how far he had travelled, and that 
 for certain he was informed that Captain Drake 
 was not to be heard of. To which the Viceroy 
 replied and said, surely we shall have him shortly 
 come into our hands, driven on land through 
 necessity in some one place or other, for he, being 
 now in these seas of Sur, it is not possible for him 
 to get out of them ajrain ; so that if he perish not 
 at sea, yet hunger will force him to land. And 
 then again I was commanded by the A 7 iceroy that 
 I should not depart from the city of Mexico, but 
 always be at my master's house in a readiness at 
 an hour's warning, whensoever I should be called 
 for. Notwithstanding that, within one month 
 at'tei, certain Spaniards going to Mecameca, eighteen 
 leagues from Mexico, to send away certain hides 
 and cuchionelio that they had there at their stantias, 
 or dairy houses, and my master having leave of the 
 secretary for me to go with them, I took my 
 journey with them, being very well horsed and 
 appointed ; and coining thither, and passing the 
 time there at Mecameca certain days, till we had 
 certain intelligence that the licet was ready to
 
 MILKS PHILLIPS. 177 
 
 depart, I, not being more than three days' journey 
 from the port of St. John de Ullua, thought it to 
 he the meetest time for me to make an escape, and 
 I. was the holder presuming upon my Spanish 
 tongue, which I spake as naturally as any of them 
 all, thinking with myself that when J came to 
 St. John de Ullua I would get to he entertained 
 as a soldier, and so go home into Spain in the same 
 lleet ; and, therefore, secretly one evening late, the 
 moon shining fair, I conveyed myself away, and 
 riding so for the space of two nights and two days, 
 sometimes in, and sometimes out, resting very little 
 all that time, upon the second day at night I came 
 to the town of A r era Cruz, distant from the port of 
 St. John de Ullua, where the ships rode, but only 
 eight leagues ; and here purposing to rest myself a 
 day or two, 1 was no sooner alighted but within 
 the space of one half hour after 1 was by ill hap 
 arrested, and brought before justices there, being 
 taken and suspected to be a gentleman's son of 
 Mexico that was run away from his father. So f, 
 being arrested and brought before the justices, 
 there was a great hurly-burly about the matter, 
 every man charging me that I was the son of such 
 a man, dwelling in Mexico, which 1 flatly denied, 
 affirming that I knew not the man ; yet would
 
 178 YOYAGEKS' TALES. 
 
 they not believe rne, but urged still upon me that 
 I was he that they sought for, and so I was 
 conveyed away to prison. And as I was thus 
 going to prison, to the further increase of my grief. 
 it chanced that at that very instant there was a 
 poor man in the press that was come to town to 
 sell hens, who told the justices that they did me 
 wrong, and that in truth he knew very well that I 
 was an Englishman, and no Spaniard. Then they 
 demanded of him how r he knew that, and threatened 
 him that he said so for that he was my companion, 
 and sought to convey me away from my father, 
 so that he also was threatened to be laid in prison 
 with me. lie, for the discharge of himself, stood 
 stiffly in it that I was an Englishman, and one of 
 Captain Hawkins's men, and that he had. known 
 me wear the San Benito in the Black Friars at 
 .Mexico for three or four whole years together ; 
 which when they heard they forsook him, and 
 began to examine me anew, whether that speech of 
 his were' true, yea or no ; which when they per- 
 ceived that I could not deny, and perceiving that 1 
 was run from Mexico, and came thither of purpose 
 to convey rny-elt' away with the lieet, I was 
 presently committed to prison with a sorrowful 
 heart, often wishing my.-eif that that man which
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 170 
 
 knew me had at that time been further off. How- 
 beit, he in sincerity had compassion of my distressed 
 state, thinking by his speech, and knowing of me, 
 to have set me free from that present danger which 
 he saw me in. Howbeit, contrary to his expecta- 
 tion, I was thereby brought into my extreme 
 danger, and to the hazard of my life, yet there was 
 no remedy but patience, perforce; and I was no 
 sooner brought into prison but I had a great pair 
 of bolts clapped on my legs, and thus I remained 
 in that prison for the space of three weeks, where 
 were also many other prisoners, which were thither 
 committed for sundry crimes and condemned to the 
 galleys. During which time of imprisonment there 
 I found amongst those my prison fellows some that 
 had known me before in Mexico, and truly they 
 had compassion of me, ami would spare of their 
 victuals and anything else that they had to do me 
 good, amongst whom there was one of them that 
 told me that he understood by a secret friend of 
 his which often came to the prison to him that I 
 should be shortly sent back again to Mexico by 
 waggon, so soon as the fleet was gone from St. John 
 de Uliua for Spain. 
 
 This poor man, my prison fellow, of himself, and 
 without any request made by me, caused his said
 
 180 VOYAGERS' TALES. 
 
 friend, which came often unto him to the grate of 
 the prison, to bring him wine and victuals, to buy 
 for him two knives which had hies in their backs, 
 which files were so well made that they would 
 serve and suffice any prisoner to file off his irons, 
 and of those knives or files he brought one to me. 
 and told me that he had caused it to be made for 
 me, and let me have it at the very price it cost him, 
 which was (wo pezoes, the value of eight shillings 
 of our money, which knife when I had it I was a 
 joyful man, and conveyed the same into the foot of 
 my boot upon the inside of my left leg, and so 
 within three or four days after that I had thus re- 
 ceived my knife I was suddenly called iov, and 
 brought before the head justice, which caused those 
 my irons with the, round bolt to be stricken off, and 
 sent to a smith in the town, where was a new pair 
 of bolts made ready for me of another fashion, 
 which had a broad iron bar coming between the 
 shackles, and cause- 1 my hands to be made fast with 
 a pair of manacles, and so was J presently laid into 
 a waggon all alone, which was there ready to de 
 part, with sundry other waggons to the number of 
 sixty, towards Mexico, and they were all laden with 
 sundry merchandise which came in the fleet out of 
 Spain.
 
 Mll.hS PHILLIPS. 181 
 
 The waggon that 1 was in was foremost of all 
 the company, and as we travelled, I being alone in 
 the waggon, began to try if I could pluck my hands 
 out of the manacles, and as God would, although it 
 were somewhat painful for me, yet my hands were 
 so slender that 1. could pull them out and put them 
 in again, and ever as we went when the waggons 
 made most noise and the men busiest, I would be 
 working to tile off my bolts, and travelling thus for 
 the space of eight leagues from Vera Cruz we came 
 to an high hill, at the entering up of which 
 (as God would), one of the wheels of the waggon 
 wherein I was brake, so that by that means the 
 other waggons went afore, and the waggon man 
 that had charge of me set an Indian carpenter at 
 work to mend the wheel ; and here at this place 
 they baited at an ostrie that a negro woman keeps, 
 and at this place for that the going up of the hill 
 is very steep for the space of two leagues and better, 
 they do always accustom to take the mules of three 
 »r four waggons and to place them ail together for 
 the drawing up of one waggon, and so to e*me 
 lown again and fetch up others in that order. All 
 which came very well to pass, for as it drew to- 
 wards night, when most of the waggoners were gone 
 •o draw 1 up their waggons in this sort, I being
 
 l&J. VUVAUEKS' TALES. • 
 
 alone, Lad quickly riled ofi' my bolts, and so espying 
 my time in the dark of the evening before they re- 
 turned down the hill again, I conveyed myself into 
 the woods there adjoining, carrying my bolts and 
 manacles with me, and a few biscuits and two small 
 cheeses. And being come into the woods I threw 
 my irons into a thick bush, and then covered them 
 with moss and other things, and then shifted for 
 myself as I might all that night. And thus, by the 
 good providence of Almighty God, I was freed 
 from mine irons, all saving the collar that was 
 about my neck, and so got my liberty the second 
 time. 
 
 THE SEVENTH CHAPTER. 
 
 Wherein is showed how I escaped to Guatemala upon the 
 South Sea, an I ffomthenc i \. port of Cavallos, where 
 T got p ssage to go into Spain, ai d of our arrival at the 
 Efavana and our coming to Spain, where I was again like 
 to have been committed prisoner, and how through the 
 great mercy of God 1 escaped and came home in safety 
 into England in February, 1582. 
 
 I'iif. next morning (dayliidil being come) I per- 
 
 • \ by the sun risinj what way to take to 
 
 heir hands, for svh n i tied I took the way 
 
 into the woods upon the left hand, and having left
 
 .MILES PHILLIPS. 183 
 
 that way that went to Mexico upon my right hand, 
 I thought to keep my course as the woods and 
 mountains lay still direct south as near as I could ; 
 by means whereof 1 was sure to convey myself 
 far enough from that 'way which went to Mexico. 
 And as I was thus going in the woods I saw many 
 great fires made to the north not past a league from 
 the mountain where I was, and travelling thus in 
 my boots, with mine iron collar about my neck, and 
 my bread and cheese, the very same forenoon I 
 met with a company of Indians which were hunt- 
 ing of deer for their sustenance, to whom I spake 
 in the Mexican tongue, and told them how that I 
 had of a long time been kept in prison by the cruel 
 Spaniards, and did desire them to help me file 
 off mine iron colkvr, which they willingly did, re- 
 joicing greatly with me that I was thus escaped 
 out of the Spaniards' hands. Then I desired that I 
 might have one of them to guide out of those desert 
 mountains towards the south, which they also most 
 willingly did, and so they brought me to an Indian 
 town eight leagues distance from thence named Sha- 
 lapa, where I stayed three days; for that I was some- 
 what sickly. At which town (with the gold that [ 
 hacl quilte.l in my doublet) I bought me an horse of 
 one of the Indians, which cost me six pezoes, and so
 
 184 voyagers' tales. 
 
 travelling south within the space of two leagues 1 
 happened to overtake a Grey Friar, one that I had 
 been familiar withal in Mexico, whom then I knew 
 to be a zealous, good man, and one that did much 
 lament the cruelty used against us by the Inquisi- 
 tors, and truly he used me very courteously ; and 
 I, having confidence in him, did indeed tell him 
 that I was minded to adventure to see if I could 
 get out of the said country if I could find shipping, 
 and did therefore pray him of his aid, direction, 
 and advice herein, which he faithfully did, not 
 only in directing me which was my safest way to 
 travel, but he also of himself kept me company for 
 the space of three days, and ever as we came to the 
 Indians' houses (who used and entertained us 
 well), he gathered among them in money to the 
 value of twenty pezoes, which at my departure from 
 him he freely gave unto me. 
 
 So came I to the city of Guatemala upon the 
 South Sea, \\ Inch is distant from Mexico about 
 250 leagues, where I stayed six days, for that mv 
 horse was weak, and from thence I travelled still 
 south and by east seven days' journey, passing by 
 certain Indian towns until I came to an Indian 
 town distant from Mexico direct south oO'J leagues. 
 And here at this town inquiring to go to the port
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 185 
 
 Oavallos in the north-east sea, it was answered 
 that in travelling thither I should not come to any 
 town in ten or twelve days' journey ; so here I 
 hired two Indians to be my guides, and I bought 
 liens and bread to serve us so long time, and took 
 with us things to kindle fire every night because 
 of wild beasts, and to dress our meat ; and every 
 night when we rested my Indian guides would 
 make two great fires, between the which we placed 
 ourselves and my horse. And in the night time 
 we should hear the lions roar, with tigers, ounces, 
 and other beasts, and some of them we should see 
 in the night which had eyes shining like fire. And 
 travelling thus for the space of twelve days, we 
 came at last to the port of Cavallos upon the east 
 sea, distant from Guatemala south and by east 200 
 leagues, and from Mexico 450 or thereabouts. 
 This is a good harbour for ships, and is without 
 either castle or bulwark. I having despatched 
 away my guides, went down to the haven, where I 
 saw certain ships laden chiefly with canary wine, 
 where I spake with one of the masters, who asked 
 me what countryman I was, and I told him that [ 
 was born in Granada, and he said that then I was 
 his countryman. I required him that I might 
 pass home with him in his ship, paying for my
 
 ISfi VOYAGERS' TALES. 
 
 passage ; and he said yea, so that I had a safe 
 conduct or letter testimonial to show that he migrht 
 
 o 
 
 incur no danger; for, said he, "it m;iy he that you 
 have killed some man, or he indebted, and you 
 would therefore run away." To that I answered 
 that there was not any such cause. 
 
 "Well, in the end we grew to a price that for GO 
 pezoes he would carry me into Spain. A glad man 
 was T at this good hap, and I quickly sold my 
 horse, and made my provision of hens and bread 
 to serve me in my passage; and thus within two 
 days after we set sail, and never stayed until we 
 came to the Havana, which is distant from port de 
 Cavallos by sea 500 leagues, where we found tin- 
 whole fleet of Spain, which was bound home from 
 the Indies. And here I was hired for a soldier, to 
 serve in the admiral ship of the same fleet, where- 
 in the general himself went. 
 
 There landed while 1 was here four ships out of 
 Spain, being all full of soldiers and ordnance, of 
 which number there were 200 men landed here, and 
 four great brass pieces of ordnance, although the 
 castle were before sufficiently provided; 200 men 
 more were sent to Campechy. and certain ordnance : 
 200 to Florida with ordnance; and 100 lastly to 
 St. John de Ullua. As for ordnance, there they
 
 MH.KS i'HiitHPS. 187 
 
 have sufficient, and of the very same which was 
 ours which we had in the Jesus, and those others 
 which we had planted in the place, where the 
 Viceroy betrayed blaster Hawkins, our general, as 
 hath been declared. The sending of those soldiers 
 to every of those posts, and the strengthening of 
 them, was done by commandment from the King of 
 Spain, who wrote also by them to the general of 
 his fleet, giving him in charge so to do, as also 
 directing him what course he should keep in his 
 coming home into Spain, charging him at any hand 
 not to come nigh to the isles of Azores, but to keep 
 his course more to the northward, advertising him 
 withal what number and power of French ships of 
 war and other Don Anthony had at that time at 
 the Tercera and isles aforesaid, which the general 
 of the fleet well considering, and what great store 
 of riches he had to bring home with him into Spain, 
 did in all very dutifully observe and obey ; for in 
 truth he had in his said fleet. 37 sail of ships, and 
 in every of them there was as good as 30 pipes of 
 silver, one with another, besides great store of gold, 
 cochineal, sugars, hides, and Cana Fistula, with 
 other apothecary drugs. This our general, who 
 was called Don Pedro de Guzman, did providently 
 take order for, for their most strength and defence,
 
 18b \OiAGtKS' 1A1K.1 
 
 it' needs should be, to the uttermost of his power, 
 and commanded upon pain of death that neither 
 passenger or soldier should come aboard without 
 his sword and harquebuse, with shot and powder, 
 to the end that they might be the better able to 
 encounter the fleet of Don Anthony it they should 
 hap to meet with them, or any of them. And 
 ever as the weather was fair, this said general 
 would himself go aboard from one ship to another 
 to see that every man had his full provision accord- 
 ing to the commandment given. 
 
 Yet to speak truly what I think, two good tall 
 ships of war would have made a foul spoil amongst 
 them, for in all this fleet there were not any that 
 were strong and warlike appointed, saving only the 
 admiral and vice-admiral. And again, over and 
 besides the weakness and ill-furnishing of the rest. 
 they were all so deeply laden, that they had not 
 been able (even if they had been charged) to have 
 held out any long right. Well, thus we set sail. 
 and had a very ill passage home, the weather was so 
 contrary. We kept our course in manner north- 
 east, and brought ourselves to the height of 42 
 degrees of latitude, to be sure not to meet with Don 
 Anthony his fleet, and were upon our voyage from 
 the 4th of June until the 10th of September.
 
 MILES PHILLIPS. 189 
 
 and never saw land till we fell with the Arenas 
 Gordas hard by St. Lucar. 
 
 And there was an order taken that none should 
 go on shore until he had a licence ; as for me, I was 
 known by one in the ship, who told the master that 
 I was an Englishman, which (as God would) was 
 my good hap to hear ; for if I had not heard it, it 
 had cost me my life. Notwithstanding, I would 
 not take any knowledge of it, and seemed to be 
 merry and pleasant that we were all come so well 
 in safety. Presently after, licence came that we 
 should go on shore, and [ pressed to be gone with 
 the first : howbeit, the master came unto me and 
 said, "' Sirrah, you must go with me to Seville by 
 water." I knew his meaning well enough, and that 
 he meant there to offer me up as a sacrifice to the 
 Holy House. For the ignorant zeal of a number 
 <>t these superstitious Spaniards is such that they 
 think that they have done God good service when 
 they have brougftt a Lutheran heretic to the fire to 
 be burnt ; for so they do account of us. Well, I 
 perceiving all this, took upon me not to suspect 
 anything, but was still jocund and merry, howbeit 
 T knew it stood me upon to shift for myself. And 
 so waiting my time when the master was in his 
 cabin asleep, I conveyed myself secretly down by
 
 190 voyagers' talks. 
 
 the shrouds into the ship boat, and made no stay, 
 but cut the rope wherewithal she was moored, and 
 so by the cable hailed on shore, where I leapt on 
 land, and let the boat go whither it •would. Thus 
 by the help of God I escaped that day, and then 
 never stayed at St. Lucar, but went all night by thf 
 way which I had seen others take towards Seville. 
 So that the next morning I came to Seville, and 
 sought me out a workmaster, that I might fall to 
 my science, which was weaving of taffaetas, and 
 being entertained I set myself close to my work, and 
 durst not for my life once to stir abroad, for fear of 
 being known, and being thus at my work, within 
 four days after I heard one of my fellows say thai 
 he heard there was great inquiry made for an 
 Englishman that came home in the fleet. "What, an 
 heretic Lutheran (quoth I), was it \ I would to God 
 i might know him. Surely I would ['resent him 
 to the Holy House." And thus I kept still within 
 doors at my work, and feigned myself not well at 
 ease, and that I would labour as I might to get me 
 new clothes. And continuing thus fur the space 
 of three' months, I called for my waives, and bought 
 me all tilings new, diiihrent from the apparel that 
 I did wear at .--a. and yet durst not l>eover bold to 
 walk abroad ; and after understanding that there
 
 MILKS PHILLIPS. IU\ 
 
 were certain English ships at St. Lucar, hound for 
 England, I took a boat and went aboard one of 
 them, and desired the master that I might have 
 passage with him to go into England, and told him 
 secretly that I was one of those which Captain 
 Hawkins did set on shore in the Indies. He very 
 courteously prayed me to have him excused, for lie 
 durst not meddle with me, and prayed me therefore 
 to return from whence I came. Which then I per- 
 ceived with a sorrowful heart, God knoweth, I took 
 my leave of him, not without watery cheeks. And 
 then I went to St. Mary Port, which is three 
 leagues from St. Lucar, where I put myself to be a 
 soldier in the King of Spain's galleys, which were 
 bound for Majorca and coming thither in the end 
 of the Christmas holidays 1 found there two Eng- 
 lish ships, the one of London, and the other of the 
 west country, which were ready freighted, and 
 stayed but for a fair wind. To the master of the 
 one which was of the west country went 1, and told 
 him that I had been two years in Spain to learn 
 the language, and that I was now desirous to go 
 home and see my friends, for that I lacked main- 
 tenance, and so having agreed with him for my 
 passage I took my shipping. And thus, through 
 the providence of Almighty God, after sixteen years'
 
 192 voyagers' tales. 
 
 absence, having sustained many and sundry great 
 troubles and miseries, as by this discourse appeareth, 
 T came home to this my native country in England 
 in the year 1582, in the month of February in the 
 ship called the Landrel, and arrived at Poole.
 
 to 
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 SHAKESPEARE Papcr cloth ^ 
 
 Macbeth. 
 
 With notes, by H. C. Nortcutt, B.A , London .10 .as 
 
 Twelfth Night. 
 
 With notes, by E. Lbe, Lecturer of English Lit. to .25 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 With notes, by G. H. Et.v, B.A-, London . .10 .25 
 
 The Tempest. 
 
 With notes, by E. Lek, Lecturer on English Lit. .10 .25 
 
 King Richard II. 
 
 With notes, by W Barry, B A 10 .25 
 
 As You Like It. 
 
 With notes, by Lionel W. Lydk, M. A., .10 .25 
 
 Merchant of Venice. 
 
 With notes, by Geo. H. Elv., B.A. 
 
 Midsummer Night's Dream. 
 
 With notes by W. F. Bauguet . . 
 
 Julius Cesar. 
 
 With notes, by Walter Dent io .2$ 
 
 Cymbeline. 
 
 With notes, by W. F. Baugust 10 .2$ 
 
 King John. 
 
 With notes, by F. E. Wkbb, B. A. . 
 
 Hamlet. 
 
 With notes, by Lionel W. Lydk, A. M. . 
 
 Coriolanus. 
 
 With notes, by Walter Dent 
 
 King Henry V. 
 
 With notes by W. Barry, B. A. 
 
 King Lear 
 
 MAGAULAY 
 
 Macaulay's Essay on Milton. 
 
 With introduction and notes, by M. A. Katcn 
 
 Macaulay's Essay on Addison. 
 
 With introduction and notes, by M. A. Eatoh 
 
 Francis Bacon. 
 
 With introduction by Prof. H. Morley . 
 
 Warren Hastings. 
 
 With introduction by Prof. H. Moelby . 
 
 Lays of Ancient Rome. 
 
 With notes by Donald G. Mitchell 
 
 IRVING 
 
 History of New York. Vol. I. . 
 - " Vol. II. 
 
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