NRLF 
 
 SB 5D 
 
 V 
 
 co 
 
Age of tlie Trees Hints of 
 historic Mail. 
 
 Correspondence of the San Franciss: 
 We smarted out a merry party of 
 five or twenty-six one day last weel 
 that wonderful relic of a bygone 
 petrified forest near Calistoga. Tin 
 the petrified forest is about 1,000 feai 
 sea level, and lies in the same trend 
 Geysers, Mount St. Helena, and the 
 springs of Calistoga. Geologically, ii 
 vast tufa bed, in which the trees lie 
 were thrown, probably thousands < 
 ago, by gome vast convulsion of natun 
 tufa, I will say, for the beneit at tfc. 
 itiate in scientific lore, is a volcanic 
 cinder ; it is lava thrown upward in 
 mass and descending with rain. It is 
 color and granular in structure. So 
 it is found imbedded in the form 
 globes or bombs. Ammonites, four 
 strata, fix the event in the cretaceous 
 the Professor inclines to the opinioi 
 was preglacial. The trees lie at fl 
 different levels on the lower almos 
 and south; at the highest, norths 
 south- west. At the latter level the tr< 
 have been buried under eighty or one 
 feet of lava; at the lowest, 500 feet 
 dip conforms to the dip of the tufa, 
 an angle of from thirty to forty-five 
 They are in fragments, many of wh 
 been converted into charcoal, others i 
 nite, and others into beautiful speci 
 jet. Where the heart of a tree had < 
 the cavity is filled with opal a form 
 trous uncrystallised silica, contatninj 
 Chalcedony, another form of silica, b 
 and limpid, is found in other cavit 
 top has been petrified, and only 1 
 there a root. Many have oeen cha: 
 fire. Some were broken after peti 
 had taken place, as there is no mark 
 tering or bruising. What must hs 
 the giant force that followed their 
 struction to have dealt this further bio 
 majority of the trees are redwood, so 
 the madrona, and the limb of an oak 
 been found. One of the first named i 
 feet in diameter, and the part of tl 
 still preserved is sixty-eight feet in 
 Another shows msrks of having beec 
 with an ax, probably made of obsidia 
 the pre-historic implements from this 
 were made of this same substance, a 
 rock, which appears in abundance all 
 There is no mistaking the fact that the 
 was done before petrifaction begar 
 cuts occur at different angles to the \ 
 the wood. The deduction is inevitab 
 man was in California before the I 
 Mount St. Helena even, and also that 
 of a tjpe superior to the people who ii 
 it at the advent of the European, f6r 1 
 how to fashion cutting tools. 
 
A 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 OF 
 
 AMERICAN MINERALS, 
 
 W1THTHEIR 
 
 LOCALITIES ; 
 
 INCLUDING ALL WHICH ARE KNOWN TO X1ST IN THJE 
 
 UNITED STATES AND B T t'ISK PROVINCES, 
 
 AND I' MUG THE 
 
 TOWNS, COUNTIES, AND DISTRICTS IN EACH STATE AND PROVINCE 
 ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY. 
 
 WITH AN 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 
 
 ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES AND A TABULAR VIEW. 
 
 BY SAMUEL ROBINSON, M. D. 
 
 MEMBER OE THE AMERICAN GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 BOSTON : 
 PUBLISHED BY CUMMINGS, BILLIARD, & CO. 
 
 1825. 
 
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO WIT. 
 
 District Clerk's Oflht. 
 
 BE it remembered, that on the nineteenth day of March, A. D 1825, and 
 in the forty-ninth year of the independence of the United States of America, 
 SAMUEL ROBINSON, of the said district, has deposited in this office the title of 
 a book, the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to 
 wit: 
 
 " A Catalogue of American Minerals, with their localities ; including all 
 which are known to exist in the United States and British Provinces, and hav- 
 ing the towns, counties, and districts in each state and province arranged al- 
 phabetically. With an Appendix, containing additional localities and a tab- 
 ular view. By Samuel Robinson, M. D. member of the American Geolog- 
 ical Society." 
 
 In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled " An 
 act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, 
 charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the 
 times therein mentioned ;" and also to an act, entitled, " An act supplementa- 
 ry to an act, entitled, ' An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing 
 the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such 
 copies, during the times therein mentioned,' and extending the benefits 
 thereof to the arts ot designing, engraving, and etching historical and other 
 prints." 
 
 JNO. W. DAVIS, 
 Clerk of the, District of Massachusetts. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE -. University Press, Milliard $ Metcalf. 
 
"^y* 0^ THT? 
 
 . 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 THE author commenced the compilation of the following 
 Catalogue of American Minerals for his own use ; having in 
 many instances experienced much difficulty in finding local- 
 ities which had been published, and in ascertaining what 
 minerals were near him in his excursions : but believing 
 it may be as useful to others as to himself, he is induced 
 to offer it to the public. 
 
 Professor Cleaveland's work is sufficient authority for 
 localities of minerals, in the closet ; but in travelling to col- 
 lect specimens, the mineralogist, who wishes to know 
 what minerals may be found in the district of country he is 
 passing through, is obliged to look over the whole work, 
 together with the American Journal of Science, and other 
 publications. 
 
 This Catalogue is not only calculated for a guide to those 
 who are travelling to make collections; but to the mineral- 
 ogist who is stationary, it presents a condensed view of the 
 minerals he may wish to obtain. As this is not meant for 
 an elementary work, the author has not generally given a de- 
 scription of the mineral, unless it appears in an uncommon 
 form or color ; but he has frequently given its geological sit- 
 uation, as, in some instances, it was the best direction for 
 its locality he was enabled to obtain. He is principally in- 
 debted to " Cleaveland's Mineralogy," and " The American 
 Journal of Science," for the localities in this Catalogue, but 
 
iv PREFACE. 
 
 he has made considerable additions from the publications 
 of Dr. John H. Steel, Henry Schoolcraft, Esq., Isaac Lea, 
 Prof. Eaton, Prof. F. Hall ; also, from the Messrs Dana's 
 Mineralogy of Boston and its Vicinity, The Journal of the 
 Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, The Annals 
 of the Lyceum of New York, The Boston Journal of Phi- 
 losophy, &c. And he feels himself under particular obli- 
 gations to those gentlemen, who have contributed to swell 
 this Catalogue by their communications of new localities, 
 and whose names will appear in their proper places. 
 
 The author regrets that he has been unable to state more 
 particularly the course and distance of many localities from 
 some known place or object in the town where they have 
 been found, so that strangers might more easily find them ; 
 the inconvenience resulting from a want of a more particu- 
 lar description of many localities, is sensibly felt. Besides 
 the additional localities, this Catalogue contains about 70 
 minerals, which are not noticed in Prof. Cleaveland's last 
 edition, of 1822, as having been found at that time in the 
 United States. 
 
 From the increasing attention to the science of Mineralo- 
 gy, manifested in the United States, and from the pleasure 
 and usefulness attendant on its pursuit, it is to be hoped the 
 time is not distant when our young men will not feel satisfi- 
 ed that their education is complete on leaving our Colleges, 
 without being able to distinguish the common minerals, or 
 name the stones which are daily presented to their view. 
 
 But one name for the same mineral has, in general, been 
 used ; the author believing, that the adoption of the differ- 
 ent names of various writers on Mineralogy, would be in- 
 Creasing the perplexity of the student, and continuing an 
 evil we wish to remedy. 
 
 The minerals ore arranged agreeably to Professor Cleave- 
 latui's 1 abular Vic\v, where it was convenient; but aslocali- 
 
PREFACE. v 
 
 ties are taken also from Professor Silliman's Journal, com- 
 mencing with the first volume, and then from other sour- 
 ces, it was impossible to arrange them systematically. 
 
 Authority is given for all localities, where it was practica- 
 ble ; but for those having no authority attached to them, the 
 author feels himself responsible. By this Catalogue it will 
 be seen that the United States possess abundant sources of 
 some of the most useful minerals : as Nitre, Gypsum, Flint, 
 Buhrstone, Marble, Serpentine, Porcelain Clay, Anthra- 
 cite, Graphite, Coal, Peat, Mercury, Copper, Iron, Lead, 
 Zinc, Manganese ; and, of the stones used in jewelry, Rock 
 Crystal and its colored varieties, Amethyst, Prase, Chalce- 
 dony, Carnelian, Chrysoprase, Jasper, Agate, Chrysoberyl, 
 Zircon, Adularia, Nephrite, Emerald, Beryl, Precious Gar- 
 net, Idocrase, &c. The number of localities may be seen 
 by reference to the Tabular View, annexed. 
 
 To render this work conveniently portable, and as small 
 as is consistent with its object, the names of those who ei- 
 ther discovered, or communicated the localities of minerals 
 in Cleaveland's Mineralogy^ or in the American Journal of 
 Science, are not mentioned ; but references to those publica- 
 tions, and others, are abbreviated, as will be seen below. 
 
 EXPLANATION 
 
 OF THE ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR THE PUBLICATIONS REFERRED TO 
 IN THIS WORK. 
 
 (C.). refers to " Cleaveland's Mineralogy," 2d Edition. 1822. 
 
 (SiL 4.44.) " The American Journal of Science," &c. by 
 
 Prof. Silliman, Vol. 4, page 44, &c. 
 
 (Bruce.) " The American Mineralogical Journal, by Arch- 
 ibald Bruce, M. D. 1814." 
 
 (Dana.) . " Outlines of the Mineralogy and Geology of 
 
 Boston and its Vicinity, by J. F. Dana, M. D. and S. L. Dana, 
 M. D. 1818." 
 
vi PREFACE. 
 
 (Lea.) " An account of the Minerals in the vicinity of 
 
 Philadelphia, by Isaac Lea. 1818." 
 
 (Sch.) " A view of the Lead Mines of Missouri, &c.", by 
 
 Henry R. Schoolcraft. 1819." 
 
 (Morse.) "Morse's Geography. 1819." 
 
 (E.) " The Index to the Geology of the Northern States, 
 
 2d Edition, by Prof. Amos Eaton. 1820." 
 
 (Nuttall.) " A Journal of Travels into the Arkansa Ter- 
 ritory, during the year 1819, by Thomas Nuttall, F. L. S. &c. 
 1821." 
 
 (Steel.') " A report of the Geological Structure of the 
 
 county of Saratoga in Now York, by Doct. John H. Steel. 
 1822." 
 
 (N. G.) " New Hampshire Gazetteer, published by John 
 
 Farmer and Jacob B. Moore. 1823." 
 
 (Hall.) Prof. F. Hall's " Catalogue of Minerals. 1824." 
 
 (Webster.) "A Catalogue of the Minerals in the state of 
 
 New York, by M. H. Webster, 1824." 
 
 (J. A. N. S. P.) " The Journal of the Academy of Na- 
 tural Sciences in Philadelphia." 
 
 (A. L. N. H. N. Y.) " Annals of the Lyceum of Natural 
 
 History of New York." 
 
 (J. W. W.) Dr. J. W. Webster, and to " The Boston 
 
 Journal of Philosophy," &c. 
 
 (O-) Denison Olmsted, M. A. G. S. Professor of Chemis- 
 try, &c. in the University of North Carolina. 
 
 
 
INDEX, 
 
 
 Pages. 
 
 Pages. 
 
 Maine 1, 
 
 278, 304 Georgia 
 
 222 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 9, 279 Florida 
 
 224, 303 
 
 Vermont 
 
 17, 280 Alabama 
 
 224 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 35, 280 Mississippi 
 
 225 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 79, 290 Louisiana 
 
 226 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 92, 291 Tennessee 
 
 226, 303 
 
 New York 
 
 114,292 Kentucky 
 
 228 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 159, 298 Ohio 
 
 231 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 177, 300 Indiana 
 
 237 
 
 Delaware 
 
 194, 302 Michigan 
 
 239 
 
 Maryland 
 
 1 95, 302 North WestTerritory 24 1 
 
 District of Columbia 
 
 202 , Illinois 
 
 243, 304 
 
 Virginia 
 
 203, 302 Missouri 
 
 246, 304 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 210 Arkansas 
 
 255 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 220 
 
 
 BRITISH PROVINCES. 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 New Brunswick 
 Lower Canada 
 Upper Canada 
 Labrador 
 
 261 
 262 
 263 
 266 
 276 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 Page 2, line 10, under BRUNSWICK, after Epidote, dele Manganesian. 
 
 " 3, (J. P.) refers to John Pedrick, 3d. 
 
 " " Under HARPSWELL, for Pyrites, Coxcomb, read Radiated Sulphurtt 
 of Iron. 
 
 " 7, under TOPSHAM, after Epidote, dele Manganesian. 
 
 11 14, 73, 114, 123, and 124, for Basanite read Siliceous Slate. 
 
 " 72, line 1, add (C.) after Ctey S/a/e. 
 
 " 74, under WEST SPRINGFIELD, for Fibrous Hornblende read Fibrous 
 Limestone. 
 
 " 83, article 4th, and 86 under JOHNSON, and 87 under NORTH PROVI- 
 DENCE, and 91 under SMITHFIELD, for Steatite read Potstone. 
 
 " 116, line 11 from the top, for (Webster.) read (Bruce 5.) 
 
 " 159, " 1 under ALLENTOWN dele and. 
 
 " 166, " 7 from the bottom, for Hyrat read Hydrate. 
 
 " 171, " 4 from the top, for tena read terra. 
 
 " 200, " 7 from the bottom, for NEW MAKET read NEW MARKET. 
 
 " 202, " 1 &. 2 from the top, dele Flint, &LC., both lines. 
 
 222, " 5 from the bottom, add (C.) after chalk. 
 
 " 228, " under CALDWELL Co. for (T. A. Greene.) read (W. Greene.) 
 
 " 249, MAHA VILLAGE should be on page 251. 
 
 " 256, line 9 from the top, for north read mouth. 
 
 " 277, " 8 from the top, add T. JV. after copper. 
 
CATALOGUE 
 
 OF 
 
 AMERICAN 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 BATCHELDER'S GRANT. (Oxford Co.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead at this place, and on land owned by S. A, 
 Bradley, Esq. of Fryeburg ; specimens very good. It has 
 not been much explored. (E. L. Hamlin.) 
 
 BANGOR. 
 
 Granular Limestone, about 100 m. N. of Bangor, and 15 ra. 
 N. W. from Ktaadn mountain on the west branch of Pe- 
 nobscot river. It resembles the Italian statuary marble. 
 
 Jasper, in detached masses on Penobscot river. (C.) 
 
 BATH. 
 
 Beryl is found more or less in a coarse grained granite, 
 from 5 m. E. of Bath, to 5 m. W. of North Yarmouth, 
 about 30 miles. 
 
 Garnet, manganesian, massive, at Jones' Eddy near Bath. 
 
 Graphite, in granite. (C.) 
 
 BELFAST. 
 
 Hornstone, near. 
 
 Jasper, in detached masses on Penobscot river. 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, near. (C.) 
 1 
 
MAINE. 
 
 BOWDOIN. 
 
 Schorl, common, very abundant. (C.) 
 
 BOWDOINHAM. 
 
 Schorl, very large, perfect, and abundant, sometimes in very 
 
 white quartz. 
 Beryl, large crystals in graphic granite, also in coarse grained 
 
 granite, large, pale green, or greenish white, six sided 
 
 prisms. 
 
 BRUNSWICK. 
 
 Granular Limestone, in beds. 
 
 Mica, sometimes very beautiful green, 
 
 Schorl, black, masses sometimes contain fragments of quartz, 
 
 and feldspar. 
 Feldspar, sometimes white, granular, and contains very minute 
 
 garnets. 
 
 Adularia, in minute crystals in cavities, contained in granite. 
 Garnet, sometimes orange red. 
 Epidote, arenaceous, on the banks of the Androscoggin, be- 
 
 tween strata of gneiss. 
 Epidote, manganesian, sometimes in crystals, generally 
 
 granular or compact, in veins traversing granite, gneiss, 
 
 greenstone, &cc. 
 Hornblende, fibrous, in large proportions, with white granular 
 
 limestone, and a little mica, forming a fissile agregrate, con- 
 
 tiguous to primitive limestone, 
 tftctynolite, all its varieties ; sometimes in granite and gneiss, 
 
 more frequently in limestone, with Granular Quartz ; it 
 
 forms a stratified ruck of considerable extent. 
 Made in small quantities. 
 Talc, in granular limestone, with actynolite and sulphuret of 
 
 iron ; silver white, and apple green. 
 Graphite, in limestone, and on the banks of the Androseoggin, 
 
 in rolled pieces. 
 
 Pyritous Copper, with sulphuret of molybdena in granite. 
 Sulphuret of Iron,) often in argillite a: d mica slate. 
 Magnetic Pyrites, in granular limestone, with common pyrites 
 
 in cubes, green talc, &c. 
 Sulphuret of Molybdtna, on the banks of the Androscoggin, 
 
 abundantly disseminated in granite and gneiss. Sometimes 
 
 finely crystallized in short hexaedral prisms, or rather in 
 
MAINE. 3 
 
 tables or thin plates, sometimes associated with a yellow- 
 ish or greenish yellow 
 Oxide ofMolybdena in the form of a crust or efflorescence. (C.) 
 
 BUCKFIELD. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Ochrey brown Oxide of Iron , good color. 
 
 Sulphuret ofMolybdena, with sulphuret of Iron. (C.) 
 
 CAMDEN. 
 
 Bog Iron ore. (J. P.) 
 
 EAST ANDOVER. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, efflorescent, and abundant. (C.) 
 
 FAIRFAX. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, often in argillite and mica slate. (C.) 
 
 FREEPORT. 
 
 Graphite, in a friable granite. (C.) 
 
 GARDINER. 
 
 Schorl, very abundant. (C.) 
 
 GEORGETOWN. 
 
 Made, in small quantities. (C.) 
 
 GORHAM. 
 
 Graphite. (C.) 
 
 GREENWOOD. 
 
 Graphite, 6 m. from Paris Court House. (C.) 
 Schorl, with graphite. 
 
 HARPSWELL. 
 
 Staurotide, in mica slate, abundant. 
 
 Pyrites, coxcomb, in globular and botryoidal masses. (C.) 
 
 HEBRON. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, forming an efflorescence. (C.) 
 Anthracite. (Wm. Lincoln.) 
 
MAINE. 
 
 HALLOWELL. 
 
 Staurotide. 
 
 Schorl, common, very abundant. 
 
 Novaculite, 80 or 90 m. from near H., the forks of the Kenne- 
 beck j very abundant. (C.) 
 
 LETTEII E. (township,) Oxford Co. 
 
 Staurotide, in all its variety of forms, in great abundance, ia 
 
 mica slate, with beautiful small 
 Garnets. (E. L. Hamlin.) 
 
 LITCHFIELD. 
 
 Schorl, common, very abundant. (C.) 
 
 LOVELL. 
 
 Amethyst, crystallized and amorphous ; beautiful. One crystal 
 was found, eight and a half inches in diameter, perfectly ter- 
 minated, very transparent, and fine colour. (E. L. Hamlin.) 
 
 LUBECK. 
 
 Manganese, at Stewart's neck. (J. P.) 
 
 MOUNT DESERT. 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena, near Pretty Marsh mills, forming 
 narrow veins. ( C.) 
 
 NEWFIELD. 
 
 Fuller's Earth, greenish grey, brownish, or yellowish, in 
 veins 20 feet below the surface. (C.) 
 
 NEW GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Garnet, amorphous. (J. P.) 
 
 NORTH YARMOUTH. See Bath. 
 PARIS. 
 
 Black Schorl, large, well defined crystals. 
 
 Emerald, in granite. 
 
 Graphite. 
 
 Arsenical Iron, in granite, 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron. 
 
MAINE. 5 
 
 Ochrey brown Oxide of Iron, good colour, and used as a pig- 
 
 ment. 
 
 Sulphur et ofMolybdena, with 
 Sulphuret oj Iron. (C ) 
 Lepidulite, of great beauty. 
 Tourmaline, green and blue, and 
 Rubellite, in granite with 
 Cleavelandite. (J. W. W. 1.190.; 
 Emerald, in six sided prisms, frequently 5 or 6 inches long, 
 
 very beautiful on Streiked mountain. 
 Green Tourmaline, on Chelsey's ledge, about I m. E. from 
 
 the courthouse, in an aggregate of feldspar, beautifully lami- 
 
 nated, and quartz of a granular structure ; some 3 inches 
 
 in length, with triedral terminations ; uncommonly beauti- 
 
 ful and abundant. Also in acicular crystals, six or eight 
 
 inches in length, frequently terminated with the rubellite. 
 Rubellite, fine crystals, same place ; frequently inclosed in the 
 
 green tourmaline. 
 White Tourmaline, same place. Some specimens, sometimes 
 
 uniting the red, green, and white tourmaline. 
 Indicolite, same locality, and passing into the 
 Black Schorl, which is here very abundant. 
 Lepidulite, in great abundance at this place, sometimes crys- 
 
 talized in six sided tables, and forming short columns. 
 Mica, beautiful specimens, particularly the plumose lying up- 
 
 on the edges of the crystalized masses. Black crystals are 
 
 found enclosed in white. 
 Emeralds are also found at the same locality. 
 Arseniate of Iron, one considerable specimen has been found 
 
 at this place. 
 
 Tungsten, ? same place. (E. L. Hamlin.) 
 Garnets, 
 Epidote, and 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, at Rumford Falls, (J. P.) 
 
 PARKER'S ISLAND. (In the Kennebeck.) 
 
 Schorl, sometimes translucent at the edges, and transmits a 
 brownish light. (C.) 
 
 PHIPSBURG. 
 
 Chalcedony, in small quantities. (J. P.) 
 
 READFIELD. 
 
 Andalucite, one specimen only has been discovered, supposed 
 from granite. (C.) 
 
 . 
 0? 
 
 SFIYlBSIT 
 
MAINE. 
 
 RUM FORD. 
 
 Yellow Ochre, (Ochrey brown oxide of Iron,) good. (C.) 
 Mica, in small plates; brownish black. (Hall.) 
 
 SACO RIVER. 
 
 Sulphur et of Antimony, on Saco river. (C.) 
 
 SIDNEY. 
 Staurotide. (C.) 
 
 THOMASTOWN. 
 
 Granular Limestone, in beds. 
 
 Marble, white and coloured, very abundant. 
 
 Sulphur et of Lead, in limestone. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese ; it occurs compact in limestone. (C.) 
 
 Laminated Calcareous Spar. 
 
 Rhomb Spar. 
 
 Jlragonite. 
 
 Tremolite. 
 
 Hornblende, resembling hypersthene. 
 
 Sulphuret of Copper, in a vein of quartz two feet wide, trar- 
 
 ersing granite, near the shore. 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in carbonate of lime. 
 Magnetic Iron Pyrites. (J. P.) 
 
 TOPSHAM. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, (Apatite,) in pale green crystals, often 
 badly defined, disseminated in granite, three or four inches 
 below the surface of the mass, which also abounds with 
 garnets. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, amorphous masses are not uncommon, and it 
 is sometimes crystallized. 
 
 Rose red Quartz, (Bohemian ruby,) in masses or small beds, 
 in granite, and in loose fragments, scattered among masses of 
 granite and gneiss, sometimes imperfectly crystalline. 
 
 Fetid Quartz, in loose masses which often contain very large 
 
 Crystals of Feldspar and Garnet. 
 
 Hornstone. 
 
 foasanite, in rolled pieces an the banks of the Androscoggin. 
 
 Jllica, almost every variety is found at Topsham, near Bow- 
 doin College, often in six sided tables, also in rhomboidal 
 prisms. 
 
MAINE. 7 
 
 Feldspar, a fragment of an uncommonly large crystal was 
 found. 
 
 Green Feldspar in imperfect crystals, imbedded in an aggre- 
 gate of mica and quartz. 
 
 Beryl, near Bowdoin College, sometimes imbedded in graphic 
 granite, and often in a brittle smoky quartz in a large grain- 
 ed granite. This granite forms veins in gneiss, and the 
 beryl sometimes appears in the contiguous gneiss. The 
 crystals often well defined hexaedrel prisms, transparent, 
 and perfectly resembling the Siberian Beryl, colors, pale 
 green, yellowish, blueish, or whitish. In the same granite are 
 a few crystals of a pure, uniform, rich green, and obviously 
 belong to the 
 
 Precious Emerald. 
 
 Precious Garnet, and Common Garnet. Crystals, size less 
 than the head of a pin to several inches in diameter, 
 color from an opaque reddish brown to a transparent lively 
 red, one contained a crystral of beryl. 
 
 Epidote, manganesian ; sometimes in crystals, but usually 
 granular, or compact, in veins traversing granite, gneiss, 
 greenstone, &c. 
 
 Granular Epidote, in veins more than a foot in width, and 
 containing quartz and 
 
 Schorl, intermingled sometimes traverse granite. 
 
 Amianthoide, in an aggregate of quartz and hornblende with 
 epidote. 
 
 Chlorite, earthy, in granite, either disseminated, or filling cavi- 
 ties whose sides are lined with projecting crystals of feldspar. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide oj Iron, disseminated in granite ; generally in 
 octaedral crystals, some of which are two inches in diameter. 
 
 Native Magnet. Its polarity sometimes very strong. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in granite. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium. (C.) 
 
 WATERFORD. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, with quartz, bright green, partially crystal- 
 ized on the farms of Maj. Theodore Stone, and Mr. Jona- 
 than Plummer, abundant. 
 
 Amethyst, a large number of crystals found in sinking a well 
 on Mr. Oliver Stone's farm. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore, in Thomas's pond, furnishing fine specimens 
 of the botryoidal, mamillary, and stalactical formations in 
 small quantities. (E. L. Hamlin.) 
 
8 MAINE. 
 
 WATERVILLE. 
 
 Clay Slate, on the banks of the Kennebeck, about 20 ra. 
 above Hollowell, good. (C.) 
 
 WILLIAMSBURG. 
 
 Clay Slate, nearly vertical, some of it suitable for table 
 slate. (C.) 
 
 WINSLOW. 
 
 Clay Slate, on the banks of the Kennebeck, about 20 m. above 
 Hollowell, good. (C.) 
 
 WINTHROP. 
 
 Staurotide, very abundant in mica slate, crystals various sizes ; 
 they frequently contain minute garnets, or scales of mica. 
 Sulphuret of Iron, very abundant. (C.) 
 
NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 ALSTEAD. 
 
 Mica, very large plates in quartz, abundant. 
 
 Made, in argillite, usually in imperfect crystals. (C.) 
 
 Staurotide, in rnica slate. (Sil. 5.40.J 
 
 AMHERST. 
 
 Magnetic Oride of Iron , in rhombic dodecaedrons in granite, 
 
 or in veins of 
 
 Feldspar, traversing granite. (C.) 
 Limpid Quartz, crystallized, very abundant. (J. P.) 
 
 ANDOVER. 
 Milky Quartz, near the mountains, amorphous. (JV*. G.) 
 
 HARRINGTON. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in perfect crystals. 
 
 Tourmaline. 
 
 Graphite. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore. (W. G.) 
 
 BARTLETT. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, crystallized. (J. P.) 
 
 BATH. 
 
 Alum. (JV. G.) 
 
 BEDFORD. 
 
 Alum. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, crystallized. 
 
 Mica, black, green, and yellow. 
 
 bchorl. 
 
 Epidote. 
 
 Hornblende, 
 
 Talc. 
 
10 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Graphite. 
 
 Pyritous Copper. 
 
 Red Oxide of Iron. (N. G.) 
 
 BELLOWS FALLS. 
 
 Staurotide, near, in 
 drgillite. 
 
 Finite, near the surface of granitic rocks. 
 
 Made, in argillite. (C.) 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, very beautiful, fine grained, in large 
 masses, near. (SU. 1.50.J This micaceous" oxide of iron is 
 found at Jamaica, Vt. and not at Bellows Falls. (Sil. 3.232.J 
 
 BRENTWOOD. 
 
 Sulphur, in masses of 
 
 Sulphate oj Iron, in the iron ore mines. (JV. G.) 
 
 BRISTOL. 
 
 Graphite, large specimens equal to the Borrowdale, abund- 
 ant. (Sil. 6.245.; 
 
 BURTON. 
 
 Hornstone. 
 
 Feldspar, abundant. (N. G.) 
 
 CHARLESTOWN. 
 
 Cyanite, 5 m. E. from the village, dark blue color, imbedded 
 
 in quartz, abundant. 
 Made, in argillite, usually in imperfect crystals. (C.) 
 
 CHESTER. 
 
 Tremolite, bladed and abundant, near the Devil's den. 
 Graphite, in rolled masses, and in veins traversing mica slate. 
 
 (?) ' 
 
 Native Sulphur, is found in small quantities, in tremolite. 
 Graphic Granite. (N. G.) 
 
 CHESTERFIELD. 
 
 Brown Oxide of Iron, on West River mountain, which is sit- 
 uated on the east side of Connecticut riv,er, opposite Brat- 
 tleborough, E. village, in mica slate. (C.) 
 
NEW HAMPSHIRE. 11 
 
 Native Silver, on West River mountain. (Sil. 3.74.J 
 Staurotide, in mica slate, large crystals; abundant. (Sil. 5.271.J 
 Crystals have been found 1-] inch diameter, and 2-| inch- 
 es long in the valley S. W of the meeting-house. (Sil. 6.219.J 
 
 HICHESTER. 
 
 Schorl. (W. G.) 
 
 CONWAY. 
 
 Fuller's Earth. ( JV. G.) 
 
 CORNISH. 
 
 Made, in argillile. (C.) 
 
 CROYDON. 
 Made, in argillite. (C.) 
 
 ENFIELD. 
 
 Green Quartz. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (Sil. 8.235.J 
 
 EXETER. 
 
 Epidote, in very beautiful groups of radiating crystals. (C.) 
 Hornblende. fJV. G.) 
 
 FRANCESTOWN. 
 
 Ferruginous Quartz, red and yellow, beautifully crystallized. 
 Steatite. (N. G,) 
 
 FRANCONIA, (Grafton Co.) 
 
 Epidote, in the iron mine, light yellow, acicular crystals. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, (earthy,) near, 8 in. E. from Con- 
 necticut river, a bed 5 to 8 feet thick in gneiss ; the ore is 
 compact or fine grained, and bluish grey, and is accompa- 
 nied by garnet, epidote, and hornblende. (C.) 
 
 Hornblende, superb specimens, crystallized, imbedded in lam- 
 ellar hornblende, or confusedly aggregated bladed and pro- 
 miscuous, in quartz, abundant at the iron mines. 
 
 Green Quartz, containing hornblende colored by epidote ; 
 beautiful specimens. 
 
 Staurotide. 
 
12 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Garnet, amorphous, and imperfectly crystallized at the iron 
 
 mine. 
 
 Epidote, crystallized, same place. 
 Asbestos, in masses, or rather sheets of 1 or 2 inches thick, 
 
 and of various extent, the fibres are intimately united, and 
 
 curved in every direction. 
 Sulphur et of Copper. (Vil. 6-245J 
 
 Arsenical Cobalt, beautiful crystals in octahedra. (Sil. 8.198.J 
 Blue Carbonate of Copper, earthy. 
 Green Carbonate of Copper do. rare. (Sil. 8.234.J 
 
 GILMANTOWN. 
 
 Ferruginous Quartz, red and yellow, beautifully crystallized. 
 Hornstone. 
 Jasper. 
 
 Mica, very fine specimens. 
 
 Schorl, in quartz, radiating, and passing through it in all di- 
 rections. 
 Epidote. 
 Tremolite. 
 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron. 
 Sulphate of Iron. (JV. G.) 
 
 GRAFTON. 
 
 Mica, in large laminae adhering to quartz. (C.) 
 
 GRAFTON CO. 
 
 Schorl, on Moosehillock mountain, in quartz, very beautiful. 
 (Prof. Dewolf.) 
 
 HAMPTON FALLS. 
 
 Amethyst, in rolled pieces. (C.) 
 
 HANOVER. , 
 
 Precious Garnet, in dodecaedrons in greenstone, near Dart- 
 mouth College. (C.) 
 
 Carbonate oj Iron, in rolled masses of quartz, on the banks of 
 Counoeticut river. (Sil. 6.245.J Preceous Garnet is 
 found a few rods N. E. from Dartmouth College, in an ag- 
 gregate of quartz and hornblende. Color reddish brown. 
 (Hall.) 
 
 Ferruginous Quartz, yellow and blood red. 
 
NEW HAMPSHIRE. 13 
 
 Black Schorl, in milk white quartz, abundant. 
 
 Epidote. 
 
 Zoisite. 
 
 Green Carbonate of Copper, earthy, in mica slate. (SiL 8.235,; 
 
 Granular Limestone. 
 
 Hornblende. (JV. G.) 
 
 HINSDALE. 
 
 Indicolite, in large crystals in feldspar and quartz. (C.) Also 
 
 in granite, near the road to Winchester, very abundant. 
 Mica. (SiL 5.271.; 
 Schorl. (Sil. 5.272.J 
 
 HOPKINTON. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron. (JYI G.) 
 
 JAFFREY. 
 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron. (N. G.) 
 
 KEENE. 
 
 Quartz, (rose red,) amorphous ; color, pale red. (Hall.) 
 
 KINGSTON. 
 
 Bog Iroh Ore, in Great pond. 
 Ochrey Red Oxide of Iron, and 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron. (JV. G.) 
 
 LANGDON. 
 
 Made, in clay slate. (C.) 
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 Emery. (JV. G.) 
 
 LEBANON. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in a vein of quartz traversing mica slate. 
 
 (Sil. 6.245.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, mixed with 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, near the outlet of Great pond. 
 
 (JV. G.) 
 
11 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 LITTLETON. 
 
 Green Carbonate of Copper, small, needle shaped, diverging 
 crystals. (St7. 8.234.) 
 
 LYMANf. 
 
 Emery. (JV. Gf.) 
 
 MASON. 
 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron. (JV. G.} 
 
 MEREDITH. 
 
 Granular Limestone. (JV*. G.) 
 
 MONADNOCK MOUNTAIN, (Cheshire Co. 9 m. S. from Keene.) 
 
 Graphite, in nodules, having a course texture, on the north 
 
 side of. (C.) 
 Sulphuret of Lead. 
 
 Fibrous Hornblende. (C. C. Baldwin.) 
 Schorl 
 Feldspar. 
 Garnet. (JV. G.) 
 
 MOOSEHILLOCK MOUNTAIN. (See Grafton Co.) 
 
 MOUNT WASHINGTON. 
 
 Rose Quartz. (JV. G.) 
 
 NEW BOSTON. 
 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron. (JV. G.) 
 
 NEW IPSWICH. 
 
 Beryl. 
 Kaolin. (C.) 
 
 NORTH HAMPTON. 
 
 Basanite, in scattered fragments. (C.) 
 
 NORTHWOOD. 
 
 Graphite, in small quantities, but of good quality. 
 " langanese 
 <JV. G.) 
 
 Manganese, tuberous and mammillary, investing granite. 
 
 f jv. G: 
 
NEW HAMPSHIRE* 15 
 
 NOTTINGHAM. 
 
 Iron Ore, abounds in the mountains. 
 
 Bog Ore, in great quantities, and of good quality. (A*. G.) 
 
 ORANGE. 
 
 Iron Ores, of different kinds, and ochres, of superior quality. 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (/V*. G.) 
 
 ORFORD. 
 
 Fetid Limestone, near, greyish white, distinctly crystallized, 
 fetid by percussion and friction ; in a primitive region. (C.) 
 
 Steatite, in large quantities. (C.) This is one of the finest lo- 
 calities of steatite in the United States, situated 2 m. N. 
 from the village, on a precipitous hill, whose base is washed, 
 by the Connecticut river. 
 
 Garnet, in the vicinity of the locality of steatite, in mica slate 
 (Hall.) 
 
 Granular Limestone, in great abundance. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead was fround in considerable quantities in 
 sinking a well. (/V. G.) 
 
 PEMBROKE. 
 
 Brown Oxide of Iron. (C.) 
 
 PLYMOUTH. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron. (JV. G.) 
 
 PORTSMOUTH. 
 
 Epidote, in acicular crystals, radiated in groups, in a porphy- 
 
 ritic hornblende. 
 Native Silver, one small mass 3 or 4 inches in diameter, found 
 
 near, on a stone wall. (C.) 
 
 RINGE. 
 
 Ochrey Red Oxide of Iron. 
 Sulphate of Iron. (JV. G.) 
 
 SALISBURY, 
 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron. (JV. G.) 
 
 SURRY. 
 
 Sulphur et of Lead. (H. M. Wells.} 
 
16 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 SUTTON. 
 
 Graphite, in considerable quantities, sometimes soft, compact, 
 and of good quality. (C.) 
 
 TROY. 
 
 Graphite, 9 m. S. from Keene. (C. C. Baldwin.) 
 
 WALPOLE. 
 
 Alum, in small, greyish white efflorescences, on Fall moun- 
 tain. 
 
 Mica, lamellar, often silvery white in mica slate, and rose and 
 straw color, in granitic veins on Fall mountain. 
 
 Graphite, in the N. E. part of the town. (Hall.) 
 
 Staurotide, 1 m. from the meeting house, on the road to 
 Keene, in mica slate. (H. M. Wells.) 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 Graphite. 
 
 Antimony is said to have been found here. (JV. G.) 
 
 WESTMORELAND. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, light green. 
 
 Zoisite, in ash grey, much compressed, deeply striated crys- 
 tals. (C.) 
 
 Amethyst, sometimes crystallized, very beautiful specimens. 
 (H. M. Wells.} 
 
 WEST RIVER. 
 
 Staurotide. Mica slate passing into 
 Granular Quartz. (Sil. 5.271.) 
 
 WHITE HILLS. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, at Rosebrook's Gap in the White mountains 
 
 in small detached pieces. 
 Amethyst, a few rods S. E. from the Notch on the White hills 
 
 in crystals. 
 
 Jasper, near the Notch of the White hills, reddish. (C.) 
 Beryl. 
 Smoky Quartz. (Hall.) 
 
 WINNEPISSIOGEE LAKE. 
 
 Hornblende, on Red hill, near the lake. (C. C. Baldwin.) 
 
17 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 ACTON. 
 
 Hornblende, crystallized in white, fine grained sandstone. 
 (Hall.) 
 
 ADDISON. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, lenticular, surface brown, interior yellow 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in small octaedric crystals in argil- 
 lite. (Hall.) 
 
 ATHENS. 
 
 Steatite. (C.) 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in small beautiful crystals terminated at each 
 
 extremity by a six sided pyramid. 
 Garnet. 
 Talc. (Hall.) 
 
 BARNARD. 
 
 Marl. Earthy marl has been discovered in a pond. (Hall.) 
 
 BAP.RE. 
 Steatite. (C.) 
 
 i 
 
 BARTON. 
 
 Amianthus, white and remarkably delicate. (C,) 
 
 BELLOWS FALLS. 
 
 Mica, rose color and straw yellow, in granitic veins traversing 
 primitive rocks. 
 
 Indicolite, in granitic veins traversing primitive rocks. 
 
 Tremolite, in loose masses of primitive rocks. (C.) 
 
 Fluate ofJLime, a few rods below the bridge in granite ; also 
 1 m N. W. from the falls, in quartz, crystallized and mas- 
 sive ; green. 
 
 3 
 
IS VERMONT. 
 
 Quartz, limpid, crystallized and amorphous, 1. m. N. W. from 
 the fulls, and forms the gangue of the fluate of lime. 
 
 Cyanite, in loose masses of primitive rocks. 
 
 Finite, ahove and below the bridge, and on Fall mountain. 
 The crystals are very abundant in granite on a small island 
 a few feet above the bridge, imperfect. 
 
 Prehnite, in small nodules, radiated. 
 
 Made, in argillite, and in mica slate, a few rods above, and 
 also below the bridge. 
 
 Copper, green carbonate, a little below the bridge, west side 
 of the river, on granite, and filling crevices, also in the same 
 rock. 
 
 Fibrous Malachite, in very thin veins, rare. (Hall.) 
 
 Staurotide. (Sil 6.219.) 
 
 Prismatic Mica, and lamillated. Prehnite is found crystalliz- 
 ed on gneiss, a few rods below the locks. 
 
 Rubellite. (H. M. Wells.} 
 
 BENNINGTON. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, in an iron mine. 
 
 Brown Oxide of Iron, associated with earthy oxide of man- 
 eanese. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, compact or earthy, sometimes slightly 
 mammillary, associated with 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron, abundant. Also the 
 
 Ochrey Brown O.iide of Iron. (C.) The iron ore rests on a 
 bed of unknown thickness of the oxide of manganese. 
 
 Common Argillaceous Oxide of Iron. (Sil. 3.57.) 
 
 Stalactites, in a cave i a m. W. from the meeting-house. 
 
 Ilornstone. 
 
 Clay Slate. (Hall.} 
 
 Graphic Slate, abundant, in a small hill of Argillite in the S. 
 of Bennins;ton containing crystals of 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, which are often changing to the 
 
 Hepatic Sulphuret of Iron. (Sil 8.20.) 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, crystallized, laminated variety is abund- 
 ant (Sil. 8.33.) 
 
 Magnesian Limestone, a mountain of it lying directly N. of 
 the great bed of iron ore and manganese. 
 
 Fetid Carbonate of Lime, nearly blank. 
 
 Ferruginous Carbonate of Lime. (<Stf k . 8.35,) 
 
VERMONT. 19 
 
 Ferruginous Quartz, yellow and red, crystallized. (Sil 8.38.) 
 LithomargeV in the iron ore in the W. part of the town. 
 
 (.-//. 8.53.) 
 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, the granular and compact varie- 
 ties. (Sil 8.56.) 
 
 BENSON. 
 
 Flint, near the cold spring, a few rods E. of Lake Cham plain, 
 
 in large masses. (C.) 
 Argillaceous Marl, in a hollow near the top of a hill in a bed 
 
 5 feet thick. It is used for Fuller's earth. (Hall.) 
 
 BETHEL. 
 
 Preceous Garnet, in small but remarkably perfect crystals, im- 
 bedded in a steatitic rock. (C.) 
 Chlorite. It becomes a kind of course steatite. (Hall) 
 
 BRANDON. 
 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron, associated with the brown and 
 Compact Red Oxide of Iron. This ochre is found a few feet 
 
 under the surface of a horizontal plain ; abundant. (C.) 
 Sulphur et of Iron, and 
 Oxide of Manganese. (Hall) 
 
 BRATTLEBOROUGH. 
 
 Clay Slate, extensively quarried. 
 
 Zoisite. (C.) 
 
 Micaceous Iron Ore, beautiful, in Ball mountain, which rises 
 500 feet above the water in West river. (Sil 3.232.) 
 
 Schorl, in white quartz, large and fine. (Sil 1.14 & 3.16.) 
 
 Tremolite. (Sil 3.76.; 
 
 Siliceous Limestone. 
 
 Hornblende Slate. 
 
 Roofing Slate. (Sil 5.272.; 
 
 Scapolite ? in great quantities, associated with quartz, lime- 
 stone, &c. and sometimes forming the gangue of the 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium. Sil 6,225, fy Hall.') 
 
 Actynolite, in very perfect capillary crystals in steatite, group- 
 ed, or radiated'. 
 
 Mica, rose red, with schorl, in quartz. (Hall.) 
 
Fetid Limestone. 
 Hornstone. (Hall.) 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 BRIDPORT. 
 
 CASTLETON. 
 
 Clay Slate, of a pale red. (C.) 
 
 Chlorite, in which are imbedded cubic crystals of 
 
 Sulphuret oj Iron, of a bright yellow. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, 1 m. N. from the village, in six sided prisms 
 
 in the cavities of amorphous quartz. A fine locality for 
 
 rock crystal. (Hall.) 
 
 CAVENDISH. 
 
 Serpentine, on the north side of the turnpike from Rutland to 
 Boston, deep green, with streaks of yellow and white, (C.) 
 in which is im'bedded 
 
 Magnetic Iron. (Sil. 5.40.) 
 
 Hornblende Slate, on the turnpike 1 m. S. of Proctorsville 
 (Sil. 7.59.J 
 
 Carbonate of Lime. (Hall.) 
 
 CHAMPLAIN LAKE. 
 
 Coccolite, in several places, near. 
 
 Bog Ore, at the N. end of. It is wrought. (C.) 
 
 CHARLOTTE. 
 
 Coccolite, green and red, &tc. (C.) 
 
 Green Augite, very large crystals. 
 
 Laminated Plumbago, with 
 
 Feldspar, pearly white, and whitish quartz. (E.) 
 
 CHESTER. 
 
 Staurotide, associated with 
 
 Yellow Mica, and 
 
 Garnets. (C.) 
 
 Massive Garnet, containing 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in regular octaedrons, brilliant, steel 
 
 grey color. (8tt. 7.58.J 
 Greasy Quartz. (Sil. 7.59.J 
 Epidote, massive, and in crystals, connected with 
 Hornblende, some parts of which are in very beautiful group- 
 
 ed crystals, resembling a sheaf of wheat. Epidote is a 
 
 common mineral in most parts of the state. 
 
VERMONT. at" 
 
 Sulphur et of Iron. (Hall.) 
 
 CLARENDEN. 
 
 Calcareous Tufa, deposited from the waters of a sprinjr 
 (Baa.) 
 
 CORNWALL. 
 
 Flint. (C.) 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in the western part of the town ; very beau- 
 tiful, transparent, rhomboidal crystals have been obtained. 
 Hornstone, on the late Judge Matthews' farm. (Hall.) 
 
 DANBY. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (Hall.) 
 
 DORSET. 
 
 Stalactites, in caves. (Hall.) 
 
 DUMMERSTON. 
 
 Schorl, in very beautiful crystals, in detached masses of white 
 
 quartz. 
 
 Clay Slate, in strata nearly vertical ; extensively quarried. 
 Silico Calcarious Oxide of Titanium, in crystals, or grains 
 
 disseminated in granite. (C.) 
 
 FLETCHER. 
 
 Steatite, of a very excellent quality. (Sil. 7.58. ) 
 Talc. (Hall.) 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Greasy Quartz. (Sil. 7.59J 
 Sulphuret of Iron. (Hall.) 
 
 GOSHEN. 
 
 Milky Quartz, in rolled masses scattered over the surface. 
 Oxide of Manganese. (Hall.) 
 
 .. GRAFTON. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, remarkably pure and transparent. (C.) 1 m. 
 
22 VERMONT. 
 
 S.'W. from meetinghouse on Mr. Spaulding's farm, crystal- 
 lallized. (Hall.) 
 
 Serpentine, forming a large mass. 
 
 Talc, laminated, forming veins from 1 to 6 inches wide in ste- 
 atite. 
 
 Steatite, an immense bed 2 m. S. of the meetinghouse, ex- 
 tensively quarried. 
 
 Potstone, in large quantities, (C.) 2 m. S. from centre of the 
 township, in a bed of steatite. 
 
 Rhomb Spar, imbedded in steatite. 
 
 Chlorite, at locality of steatite. 
 
 Milky Quartz, usually in rolled masses. 
 
 Greasy Quartz. 
 
 Cyanite, 1 m. S. W. from the meetinghouse, on the farm of 
 a Mr. Spaulding, in mica slate, and in massive garnet ; also 
 1 in, E. from the centre of the township, imbedded in 
 quartz. 
 
 Plumose Mica, on mica slate | a m. S. W. from the con- 
 gregational meetinghouse. 
 
 Schorl, 3 m. W. from the meetinghouse, in quartz and mica 
 slate, triangular prisms with triedral terminations. 
 
 Garnet, in mica and talcose slate, and in gneiss ; very abun- 
 dant at the bottom of ledges ; also 
 
 Massive Garnet, on the farm of Mr. Spaulding, forming the 
 gangue of cyanite. 
 
 Actynolite, in the bed of steatite, crystals larger and higher 
 green than those at Windham. 
 
 Hornblende, on the banks, and in the bed of Saxon's river, 
 where 
 
 Fasciculite, superb specimens, have been found. It may be 
 seen also in abundance, in a wall formed of mica slate, tal- 
 co-micaceous slate, and gneiss, on the right of the road 
 which leads W. from Grafton meeting-house to the S. part 
 of Windham. 
 
 Precious Serpentine, a globular mass of 30 or 40 tons, on the 
 W. declivity of a small hill, in full view from the meeting- 
 house, highly translucent. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, small brown cubes in mica slate. (Hall.) 
 
 GROTON. 
 Steatite. (C.) 
 
VERMONT. 23 
 
 GUILFORD. 
 
 Scapolite 3 in abundance ; it has been called tremolite, and 
 
 zoisite. (Sil. 6.225.J 
 Clay State, used as roof slate and writing slates. (Hall.) 
 
 HALIFAX. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in abundance. (Sit. 1.115.J 
 
 HANCOCK. 
 
 Creasy Quartz. 
 
 Talc. 
 
 Steatite. 
 
 Chlorite. 
 
 Graphite, in gneiss, but not plentiful. (Hall.) 
 
 HARTFORD. 
 
 Cyanite, of a light bluish grey. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, deeply truncated on the angles of the cube, 
 forming a solid of 14 sides. (Sil. 6.245J 
 
 HARTLAND. 
 
 Muminous Slate. (Prof. Dewolf.) 
 
 HIGHGATE. 
 
 ,'ered in gre 
 many other townships in the N. W. parts of the state. (Hall.) 
 
 HUBBERTON. 
 
 J20P- Ore has been discovered in great abundance in this and 
 
 N.W. 
 
 Chlorite. (Hall.) 
 
 JAMAICA. 
 
 Specular Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, (C.) in veins in white limestone, 
 
 near Turkey mountain. (Sil. 3.76.J 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in 
 Dolomite. (Sil. 5.272.) 
 
 JERICO. 
 
 Hornblende, in long, capillary crystals, in an aggregate of 
 quartz and feldspar. (Hall.) 
 
24 VERMONT. 
 
 KELLYVALE. 
 
 jlsbestos, both amianthus and the common variety are abun- 
 dant, and the fibres are sometimes uncommonly long. (C.) 
 
 Serpentine, about 20 m. from Canada, along the declivity of 
 a steep precipice, where occurs the Asbestos in rolled pie- 
 ces, which, when broken, are found to contain a substance 
 in color and texture resembling the finest cotton. The oth- 
 er variety is found in crevices of the rocks of serpentine, 
 and more resembling flax. The quantity of asbestos, as 
 well as serpentine seems inexhaustible. fjStJ. 6.249.J 
 
 LAKE CHAMPLAIN. (See Champlain Lake.) 
 
 LEICESTER. 
 
 Brown Oxide of Iron. (Hall.) 
 
 LINDON. 
 
 Agaric Mineral, forming the bottom of two ponds of a num- 
 ber of acres in extent, used for all purposes to which Spanish 
 white is applied. (Sil. 3.234, $ Hall.) 
 
 LUDLOW. 
 
 Serpentine, on the N. side of the turnpike from Rutland to 
 Boston, deep green, with streaks of white. (C.) 
 
 Staurotide. (&7. 6.219.) 
 
 dmethyst. 
 
 Hornblende, 1 m. S. from Proctorsville. On the E. of the turn- 
 pike is a vest quantity of slaty hornblende, with needle 
 formed crystals of hornblende promiscuously aggregated be- 
 tween the layers. 
 
 Talc. (Hall) 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, 4 m. S. of meetinghouse resembling agaric 
 mineral, from which is made a beautiful lime for plastering. 
 It is disintegrated limestone in a large mass on the W. of 
 the road from Bennington to Rutland, forming high banks 
 of a small stream, W. of a marsh 30 or 40 rods wide. 
 (Sil 3.242.) 
 
VERMONT. 25 
 
 MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 Precious Garnet, in Chlorite, (C.) beautiful specimens. 
 
 (Sil. 3.76.) 
 
 Crystallized Magnesian Carbonate of Lime. 
 Steatite. (Sil. 5.272.J 
 
 MIDDLEBURY. 
 
 Calcareous Tufa, deposited from the waters of a spring 2 m. 
 E. from the village. 
 
 Granular Limestone, which is wrought into 
 
 Marble, a valuable bed of fine grained, white and colored, ex- 
 tensively quarried. (C.) Sales in 2 years amounted to 
 $11,000. 
 
 Compact Limestone, in the N. and E. part of the township ; 
 abundant. 
 
 Milky Quartz, scattered over the surface, usually in rolled 
 masses. There is an enormous mass on the surface near 
 the eastern boundary of Middlebury. 
 
 Greasy Quartz. 
 
 Granular Quartz, on the western side of the Green mountain, 
 5 m. from the village ; white and friable. 
 
 Hornstone. 
 
 Jasper, in rolled fragments, red and yellow, in the bed of 
 Middlebury river. 
 
 Epidote, crystallized and massive, in a greenish aggregate, of 
 quartz, hornblende, &c. in which are seams of white carbo- 
 nate of lime ; most of it is in small nodules of a crystalline 
 structure. On Chipman's hill, on the road from the old 
 College to Weybridge, and a number of other places. 
 
 Serpentine, in small isolated masses. 
 
 Indurated Talc, of an uncommonly green aspect, in thin stra- 
 ta between the layers of the siliceous carbonate of lime. 
 
 Chlorite. 
 
 Potter's Clay ; large quantities of common earthern ware are 
 manufactured from it. 
 
 Magnetic Octaedric Crystals of Iron, small and very imper- 
 fect in chlorite. (Hall.) 
 
 MILTON. 
 
 Sulphur et of Iron. (Hall ) 
 4 
 
26 VERMONT. 
 
 MONKTON. 
 
 Kaolin, a very extensive bed, on the E. side of a ridge of 
 land running nearly N. and S. The pure kaolin is cover- 
 ed about 15 feet, by loose, red earth, quartzy sand, and 
 sandy kaolin, with fragments of quartz, 
 
 Feldspar and Graphic Granite, interspersed. This kaolin is 
 used as puttv, and for the manufacture of pots for melting 
 glass. (C.) ' 
 About 1 m. N. from the iron ore mine. (Hall.) 
 
 Brown Oxide of Iron, (C.) in vast abundance, cylindrical, 
 botryoidal, mamrnillary, tuberous, Sic. often extremely 
 beautiful. (Hall.) 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, crystallized and earthy, in connexion 
 with brown hematite. (C.) 
 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron. (Hall.) 
 
 MONTPELIER. 
 
 Scaly Talc, spread on the surface of common quartz. 
 Sulphuret of Iron, crystallized and amorphous, in quartz. 
 (Hall.) 
 
 MOUNT HOLLf. 
 
 Asbestos, the ligniform variety. (C.) 
 
 Common Asbestos, and the ligniform, are found in vast quantity. 
 
 (Sil. 4.25.) 
 
 Greasy quartz. (Sil. 7.59.J 
 Amianthus, 4 m. S. from Sprague's tavern, associated with 
 
 common asbestos and 
 Fossil Leather, very abundant. (Hall.) 
 
 NEW FANE. 
 
 Actynolite, crystallized, in 
 
 Steatite. 
 
 Scaly Talc, (C.) laminated in a vein in steatite, 
 
 Limpid Quartz, amorphous, very abundant, near the meeting- 
 house. A stone wall several rods long is made with it. 
 
 Garnet. 
 
 Specular Iron, sometimes covering quartz and other minerals. 
 (Hall.) 
 
 Micaceous Iron, very beautiful. (Sil. 5.255.) 
 
 Calcareous Spar, 
 
 Rhomb Spar, 
 
VERMONT. 27 
 
 Chalcedony) 
 
 Chrysoprase, in veins in serpentine. 
 
 Asbestos. 
 
 Dialing^, and 
 
 Precious Serpentine, steatite. 
 
 Serpentine. 
 
 Indurated Talc, actynolite, 
 
 Potstone, 
 
 Chlorite, scaly talc, 
 
 Pimelite 6 ! in veins in serpentine, accompanying the chryso 
 
 prase, which in some specimens, it almost invelopes. All 
 
 at the same locality. (Sil. 8.234.) 
 
 NEW HAVEN. 
 
 Greasy Quartz. 
 
 Diallage, or smaragdite, green, in serpentine. (Hall.) 
 
 NEWTOWN. 
 Green Talc, beautiful. (Sil. 5.268.) 
 
 NORTHFIELD. 
 
 Dolomite ? white as snow. (Sil. 3.245.) 
 
 NORWICH. 
 
 Cyanite, in laminated masses, with quartz and mica. (Hall.) 
 
 ORLEANS CO. 
 
 JYovaculite, in Halley, L. C. near Vt. line, on the eastern 
 shore of lake Mernphrernagog, 7 m. from Stanstead village, 
 of superior quality, and very abundant. (Sil. 5.406.) 
 
 ORWELL. 
 
 Flint, on Mount Independence. (C.) 
 Compact shell limestone. 
 Hornstone. (Hall.) 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in beautiful transparent rhombs. 
 Sulphuret oj Zinc, brown variety. 
 Calcareous Tufa, deposited from the water of springs. 
 Sulphuret of Copper, and the 
 
 Green Carbonate of Copper, on Mount Independence, in 
 quartz. 
 
28 VERMONT. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, associated with the sulphuret and carbo- 
 nate of copper ; in quartz, same place. (H. J\l. Wells.) 
 
 PAWLET. 
 
 Clay Slate, color sometimes blood red. (Hall.) 
 
 PEACHAM. 
 
 Cyanite, in small quantities. 
 
 Tourmaline, in Peacham and its vicinity. 
 
 Garnets, small. 
 
 Serpentine, very abundant, (Sit. 6.249.) 
 
 Earthy Marl, containing small shells, abundant. (Hall.) 
 
 PITTSFORD. 
 
 Granular Limestone. An extensive quarry of marble is open- 
 ed here. 
 
 Flexible Marble. 
 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron, in beds and veins in limestone. 
 It is explored. (C.) The iron ore wrought in this town on 
 the spot is chiefly of this variety, and is quite friable. 
 (Sil. 3.58.) 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron, in immense quantity. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese. (Hall.) 
 
 PLYMOUTH. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime. (Hall.) 
 
 POULTNEY. 
 
 Chlorite, and 
 
 Chlorite Slate. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in cubes in chlorite. (Hall.) 
 
 POWNAL. 
 
 Jllum, efflorescing on 
 
 Aluminous Slate, contained in common 
 
 Clay Slate, (C.) 
 
 Chlorite Slate. (Sil. 8.52.) 
 
 PUTNEY. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, in mica slate, which is passing into clay slate, 
 massive, emerald green, occasionally with a tinge of purple. 
 
VERMONT. 29 
 
 Ptaurotide, in mica slate, (C.) large grey crystals crossing each 
 
 other. (Hall.) 
 
 Siliceous Limestone, imbedded in 
 Clay Stale. 
 
 Serpentine, (Gil. 5.272.) 
 Nodular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in beds of common clay, 
 
 oval and elongated, embracing an earthy nucleus. (Sil. 
 
 6.233.) 
 
 RANDOLPH. 
 
 Scintillating Carbonate of Lime, of a pale sky blue, found in 
 layers, in blocks and masses, disseminated among the 
 
 Clay Slate, that covers the greatest part of the townships in this 
 vicinity. (SU. 1.241.) 
 
 READSBOROUGH. 
 
 Jlctynolite, very beautiful. (C.) 
 
 Graphite, foliated in limestone. (H. M.. Wells.} 
 
 RICHMOND. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in small octaedric crystals in mica 
 slate. (Hall.) ' 
 
 RIPTON. 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron, on land belonging to the 
 Hon. D. Chipman. (Hall.) 
 
 ROCKINGHAM. 
 
 Clay Slate. (C.) 
 
 Jllum, at a place called " Horse heaven." 
 
 Epidote. 
 
 Hornblende, with 
 
 Chlorite. 
 
 Aluminous Slate, in argillaceous slate, which is quarried, at 
 
 " Horse heaven." (Hall.) 
 Smoky quartz. (H. M. Wells.) 
 
 ROYALTON. 
 
 Precious Garnet, in small but remarkably perfect crystals in 
 a steatitic rock. (C.) 
 
 Hornblende, capillary crystals, in mica slate. It occurs mas- 
 sive or crystallized in all parts of the state. (Hall.) 
 
30 VERMONT. 
 
 RUTLAND. 
 
 Specular Iron, a little east from the village, in thin plates rest- 
 ing on quartz. (Hall.) 
 Pipe Clay, of fine quality. (Morse.) 
 
 SALISBURY. 
 
 Hornstone. (Hall.) 
 
 SHAFTSBURY. 
 
 Marble, white, extensively quarried. (C.) 
 
 SHARON. 
 
 Granular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron. (Sil. 6.245.) 
 
 SHOREHAM. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, very beautiful, transparent, rhomboidal crys- 
 tals have been obtained. 
 
 Compact Shell Limestone, with organic remains. 
 Fetid Limestone. 
 Hornstone. (Hall.) 
 
 SHREWSBURY. 
 
 Magnetic Sulphuret of Iron. Sulphate of iron, or copperas 
 is manufactured from it (C.) 2 rn. S. E. from Finney's tav- 
 ern ; here it constitutes the body of a large hill, a spur of 
 the Green mountain : amorphous. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, crystallized. 
 
 Fetid Quartz, on the shunpike, in large masses of 
 
 Milky Quartz. (Hall) 
 
 SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 Garnet. (Hall.) 
 
 STOCKBRIDGE. 
 
 Steatite. (C.) 
 
 Milky Quartz, in beds of rivers, and scattered on the surface 
 
 of the earth, usually in rolled masses. 
 Greasy Quartz. 
 Epidote, with 
 Hornblende. 
 Chlorite, becoming a kind of coarse steatite. Hall.) 
 
VERMONT. 31 
 
 ST. JOHNSBURY. 
 
 Limpid Quarts, in crystals extremely elegant. (Hall.) 
 
 STRAFFORD. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, very abundant, from which sulphate of 
 iron is extensively manufactured, (C.) about 12 m. from 
 Dartmouth College, and about 5 m. from Thetford, near 
 the summit of a hill. The ore consists of an aggregate of 
 quartz, and undecomposed pyrites, in small grains. In its 
 granular aggregation resembling the quartz and feldspar in 
 fine grained granite The pyrites constitutes the greater 
 proportion, containing a small quantity of copper. Many 
 specimens contain abundance of needle shaped crystals of 
 
 Schorl, (tiil. 3.326.) 
 
 SUDBURY. 
 
 Chlorite. (Hall.) 
 
 SOMERSET. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in considerable quantities, with py- 
 rites, (C.) in beds in mica slate, from 1 inch to 2 feet 
 thick. (Hall.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in abundance, and 
 
 Bog Ore. (Sil. 3.76.) 
 
 Dolomite, with iron ore. (&i7. 8.35.) 
 
 SUNDERLAND. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (C.) 
 
 SWANTON. 
 
 Black Marble, quarried largely. Also dove and grey ; on the 
 Michiscoui, it is often very beautifully shaded and veined. 
 This quarry furnishes annually from 4,000 to 5,000 feet, es- 
 timated a one dollar a foot. 
 
 Siliceous Carbonate of Lime, red, stratified, similar to that of 
 Middlebury, in the S. part of the town. (Hall.) 
 
 THETFORD. 
 
 Fluate of Lime. 
 Novaculite. 
 
32 VERMONT. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, (C.) in masses scattered promiscuously on 
 the surface of the earth. 
 
 Radiated Quartz, in small groups of acicular, radiating crys- 
 tals which are exceedingly beautiful. (Hall.) 
 
 TINMOUTH. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in granular limestone, in cubes; abundant 
 and handsome. (Hall.) 
 
 TOWNSEND. 
 
 Mica, a little way N. W. from the meetinghouse, lamellar in 
 
 granite, sometimes in regular crystals. 
 Feldspar, white and slightly translucent, in regular hexagonal 
 
 prisms, \ a m. N. from the village, in coarse granite. (Hall.) 
 Kaolin. (11. M. Hells.) 
 
 VERGENNES. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, a few rods below the falls, crystallized, 
 white, but not transparent. 
 
 Marble, known by the name of the Kirby marble, near the 
 line which divides New Haven from Middlebury, white, re- 
 markably translucent, and not inferior in any respect to the 
 Carrara marble. 
 
 Sulphuret ofLon. (Hall.) 
 
 VERNON. 
 
 Granular Quartz, appearing like loaf sugar, (C.) forming a 
 
 bed in 
 
 Clay Slate. (Hall.) 
 Staurotide, in mica slate, in vast quantities. (Sil. 6.219.) 
 
 WAITSFIELD. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in large crystals, but not perfectly transpa- 
 rent. (Hall.) 
 
 WARDSBOROUGH. 
 
 Zoisite, in quartz, very large crystals ; abundant. 
 
 Trcmolite, in fine crystals, penetrating quartz, sometimes 6 
 
 inches long. (C.) 
 Chlorite, in quartz, in distinct dark green folia, which often 
 
 form cylindrical masses. (C.) 
 
VERMONT. 33 
 
 Smoky Quartz, amorphous. 
 
 Specular Iron, in thin laminae on chlorite. (Hall.) 
 
 Schorl. 
 
 WEATHERSFIELD. 
 
 Sulphuret of lr,on. (Hall.) 
 
 WEST HAVEN. 
 
 Hornstone. (Hall.) 
 
 WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Staurotide. (Sil. 6.219.) 
 Jlmethyst, fine crystals. 
 Steatite. (Hall.) 
 
 WEYBRIDGE. 
 
 Compact Limestone near the Quaker village. 
 Stalactitic, in caves. 
 
 Amianthus, near the paper mill, between layers of limestone ; 
 it is the variety called earthy asbestus. (Hall.) 
 
 WHITING. 
 Sulphuret of Iron. (Hall.) 
 
 WHITINGHAM. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, crystallized. 
 Graphite, foliated, in limestone. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, in long prisms, imbedded in quartz. 
 (H. M. Wells.} 
 
 WILMINGTON. 
 
 Sulphur, pulverulent. (Sil. 8.54.) 
 
 WINDHAM. 
 
 Actynolite, beautiful, and very abundant, leek green, translu- 
 cent, and almost transparent, (C.) in a whitish, uncrystalliz- 
 ed talc, in which are veins of very beautiful laminated talc. 
 
 Steatite. (C.) On the farm of N. Aiken, Esq. there are thou- 
 sands of tons of compact steatite of the best quality. 
 
 Laminated Talc, 2 m. from the S. meetinghouse, in and near 
 a road running from that meetinghouse to the S. part of 
 5 
 
34 VERMONT. 
 
 Grafton : this is one of the finest localities of actynolite 
 
 and talc in the United States. 
 
 Tabular Quartz, near the S. meetinghouse, in thin layers. 
 Garnet. 
 
 rfsbestus, ligniform, and earthy. 
 Amianthus. 
 Hornblende. 
 
 Common Serpentine, in the vicinity of the actynolite. 
 Chlorite, becoming a coarse kind of steatite. (Hall.) 
 
35 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 ABINGTON. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, fine crystals in alluvial soil. (C.) 
 Mtky Quartz, the cavities frequently lined with crystals. 
 Amethyst^ one fine crystal has been discovered. (SiL 6.247.J 
 
 ADAMS. 
 
 Granular Limestone. At the Cave or Falls, it is intimately con- 
 nected with large blocks of granite, and rests on mica slate. 
 
 Marble, coarse grained, white, susceptible of a good polish. 
 
 Dolomite, columnar. (C.) 
 
 Oxide of Manganese. (SiL 5.269.J 
 
 Carbonate of Soda. (Sil. 8.32.) 
 
 Laminated Calcareous Spar, in granular limestone. (SiL 8.33.) 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, on the rocks near the S. village. (SiL 8.56.) 
 
 Sulphuret oj Lead, on the E. side of Saddle mountain. 
 (SiL 8.57.; 
 
 ALFORD. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, very fetid, and abundant. (SiL 8.35.J 
 
 AMHERST. 
 
 V 
 
 Mca, some crystals of it have been found. (SiL 1.113.) 
 Chalcedony, in rolled masses in a brook, of a fine blue color. 
 Hornstone, (ecailleux, of Brochant,) well characterized, and 
 very beautiful. (C. U. Shepard.) 
 
 ANDOVER. 
 
 Mica, radiated or plumose. (Hall.) 
 
 ASHFIELD. 
 
 Mica, straw or rose color in excess in granite. (SiL 6.220.J 
 
 ATHOL. 
 
 Epidote, (SiL 1.14.) in prismatic, bladed crystals, associated 
 with black 
 
 Of THIS 
 
 IIVBESITY] 
 
36 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Radiated Schorl, and 
 
 Hornblende. (Sil 6.223.) " 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, (Sil. 1.115.) in octahedral crystals in 
 
 mica slate and gneiss. (Sil. 6.232.J 
 Limpid Quartz. (C. C. Baldwin.) 
 
 ATTLEBOROUGH. 
 
 Compact Limestone, in beds, and associated with 
 
 Red Clay Slate, near the " City," and A a m . S. E. from the 
 
 old meetinghouse. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in amygdaloid, near the limestone. 
 Jlnalcime, in amygdaloid, with calc spar, &c. 
 
 BECKET. 
 
 Fibrolite ? in small quantities. (Sil. 8.40.J 
 Vert Antique ? in a bed, in gneiss on the river in Becket. 
 (Sil. 8.58.) 
 
 BEDFORD. 
 
 Granular Limestone. 
 
 Garnet, in large and sometimes perfect trapezoidal crystals in 
 granite. (C.) 
 
 BELCHERTOWN. 
 
 Actynolite. (C.) 
 
 Epidote, in greenstone. (E.) 
 
 Amethyst. (C. U. Shepard.) 
 
 BELLINGHAM. 
 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, in granite, near Curtis' tavern, 8 m. 
 from Mendon. (Eddy.) 
 
 BERNARDSTON. 
 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, in veins. (Sil. 1.115.) 
 Micaceous Oicide of Iron, and 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, abundant in beds in talco-argillite. 
 (Sil. 6.208.) 
 
 BEVERLY. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, purple ; small portions are disseminated in the 
 fissures of a very beautiful 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 37 
 
 Green Feldspar. (Sil. 7.252.J Green Feldspar, some of 
 which is crystallized, is found in narrow veins in sienite, 
 with crystals of 
 
 Zircon, in the common, or parade ground. (J. W. W. 1.599.J 
 
 BILLERICA. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, in coarse granite, the feldspar of which is 
 of gigantic, size and of a beautiful flesh color. (J. W. W.} 
 
 BLANFOPxD. 
 
 Cyanite, is abundant in this vicinity. (Sil. 8.40.) 
 
 BOLTON. 
 
 Primitive Limestone, in gneiss, with 
 
 Tremolite, in fibrous masses. 
 
 Jictynolite, sometimes in rhombic prisms 3 inches long in 
 primitive limestone, ( C.) 
 
 Scapolite, fine specimens, massive, in distinct concretions, and 
 crystallized in veins oi white quartz, intersecting the lime- 
 stone. It occurs red, white, and yellow, very abundant. 
 
 Augite, green, in granular limestone, abundant. 
 
 Sitico- Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, disseminated in the 
 granular limestone, in irregular grains, and beautifully crys- 
 tallized. (Sti. 7.52 53.J 
 
 Calc. Spar, not abundant. 
 
 Epidote, not abundant. (W. Lincoln.} 
 
 J\'uttallite, is found imbedded in carbonate of lime ; its form 
 a right square prism, with cleavages parallel to its lateral 
 planes ; the edges of the prisms replaced by single planes, but 
 the terminal planes are imperfect ; from its exhibiting a play 
 of light resembling the fettstein from Norway, it had been 
 named Elaeolite Some fragments are nearly transparent 
 and colorless. It is softer and much more glassy in its frac- 
 ture than scapolite. (Annals of Philos. Loud. May, 1824,) 
 
 Phosphate of Lime. ? massive, and imperfectly crystallized, in 
 quartz. The writer has one imperfect crystal of an inch 
 in diameter, in the centre of which is a small, colorless, 
 transparent crystal, apparently quartz. 
 
 Fetid Limestone. 
 
 Brucite, in limestone, yellow, and greyish brown, very abun- 
 dant. A yellowish green substance, resembling serpentine,? 
 
38 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 but supposed to be a variety of brucite, is found disseminat- 
 ed in the same rock. 
 
 Gadolinite, disseminated in lim&stone. (J. W. fF.) 
 
 Garnet, rare. 
 
 Amianthus, very white, rare. 
 
 Sahlite. 
 
 Hornblende, fibrous, and radiated. 
 
 Talc, in veins in limestone. 
 
 BOSTON. 
 Clay and gravel constitute the peninsula of Boston. (J. W. W .} 
 
 BRIDGEWATER. 
 
 Chlorite, in yellowish green masses in quartz. (C.) 
 Blue Quartz, in amorphous masses. (Sil. 6.247.) 
 
 BRIGHTON. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in amygdaloid, both massive and in crystals. 
 
 Quartz, of various colors, forming beds in amygdaloid ; also 
 in large, well formed crystals, opaque, and colored green by 
 
 Green Earth. 
 
 Prase. It appears to be colored by epidote. 
 
 Epidote, in veins traversing sienite and greenstone, usually 
 compact, but sometimes crystallized in cavities. 
 
 Asbestus, the common variety, in amygdaloid and rolled mass- 
 es of greenstone. 
 
 Chlorite, massive in quartz. 
 
 Pyritous Copper, in quartz accompanying amygdaloid. 
 
 Muriate of Copper, (?) investing quartz and amygdaloid. 
 
 Specular O *ide of Iron, in thin laminae in quartz. 
 
 Micaceous O,xide of Iron, (C.) in small veins in greywacke 
 and amygdaloid. 
 
 Compact Limestone, massive and disseminated in amygdaloid. 
 
 Schorl, disseminated in rolled masses of granite. 
 
 Wacke, (?) in rounded fragments, and forming the basis of 
 amygdaloid. 
 
 Hornblende, in rounded masses. 
 
 Clay Slate, 
 
 Novaculite, and greenstone. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, disseminated in clay slate. 
 
 Nodular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in alluvial soil. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 39 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead , disseminated in rolled masses of quartz; 
 
 very rare. (Dana.) 
 Sulphate of Lime, \n amygdaloid. (.7. W. W.) 
 
 BRIMF1ELD. 
 
 Mularia, in gneiss and granite; (C.) very beautiful, in a wall 
 
 near the residence of the late Gen William Eaton. 
 Zircon, in connexion with the adularia. 
 Sulphur et of Molybdena, in granite, in the western part of the 
 
 town. (E.) 
 Graphite, or plumbago, 6 m. S. E. from Brimfield, abundant. 
 
 (Sil. 2.238.) 
 Pyrope, in granite, the feldspar of which is light green in 
 
 rounded irregular masses of a delicate poppy red ; found in 
 
 digging a well. (Sil. 6.222.) 
 
 BROOKFIELD. 
 
 Prehnite. (C.) 
 
 Magnetic Sulphuret of Iron, abundant in granite. (Sil. 6.232.) 
 
 Bog Iron Ore, abundant. (W. Lincoln.) 
 
 Garnets, in mica slate. (J. W. W.) 
 
 BROOKLINE. 
 
 Chlorite, earthy, in quartz. (C.) 
 Novaculite, in rolled masses (Dana.) 
 
 CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 Pyritous Copper, in rolled masses of quartz. (C.) 
 Limpid Quartz, in angular pieces, in alluvial soil at Simon's 
 hill, and at Lechrnere Point, on the banks of Charles river 
 Petrosilex, in rolled masses and fragments in alluvial soil. 
 Schorl, disseminated in rolled masses of granite. 
 Basalt, (?) in rounded masses. 
 Garnet, in rounded masses of granite. 
 Hornblende, in rounded masses. 
 Novaculite, in rolled masses. 
 Potters' Clay, in vast quantities. 
 
 Peat, compact and fibrous ; large quantities of both varieties. 
 Sulphuret of Iron, and 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron. 
 Nodular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in alluvial soil. 
 
40 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Carbonate of Iron, massive in rounded fragments of quartz/, 
 accompanied with pyrites and yellow ochre. (Dana.) 
 
 CARLISLE. 
 
 Mica, in large laminae. 
 
 Feldspar, a beautiful cream colored variety. (Dana.) 
 
 CARVER. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore, abundant at the bottom of ponds. (C.) 
 
 CHARLEMONT. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron. (Sil. 1.115.) 
 Scapolite, in quartz. 
 
 Hornblende, fibrous, the variety called fasciculite ; very fioe. 
 (H. M. Wells.) 
 
 CHARLESTOWN. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, disseminated, and in small veins in clay slate. 
 
 Brown Spar, in veins and fissures in clay slate. 
 
 Feldspar, in sienite in masses composed of tables or 4 sided 
 prisms, which have generally a white nucleus surrounded 
 by red or green lamina?. 
 
 Prehnite, in greenstone. (C.) This prehnite occurs in sienite, 
 with crystallized feldspar. (J. W. fV.) 
 
 Chlorite, in thin layers in greenstone and clay slate. 
 
 Clay Slate, near Powder House hill, extensively quarried. 
 
 Novaculite, in beds in clay slate, into which it passes, or in 
 rolled masses. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, in greenstone. (C.) 
 
 Compact Limestone, in veins in argillite at the slate quarries. 
 
 Concreted Carbonate of Lime, incrusting greenstone and ar- 
 gillite. 
 
 Pinite, disseminated in basalt ; rare. 
 
 Basalt, (?) in beds in argillite and in rounded masses. 
 
 Garnet, in rounded masses of granite. 
 
 Basaltic Hornblende, imbedded in rolled masses of basalt. 
 
 Common Hornblende, in do. 
 
 Clay Slate, in large beds in greenstone, and in rolled masses. 
 
 Potter's Clay ; abundant. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, massive in clay; rare. 
 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron, massive, and disseminated in 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 41 
 
 quartz which traverses greenstone, and in decomposing 
 greenstone. 
 
 Nodular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in alluvion. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, efflorescent on argillite, and massive. (Da- 
 na.) 
 
 CHARLTON. 
 
 Radiated Tourmaline. (Sil. 2.240.) 
 
 CHELMSFORD. 
 
 Granular Limestone, a bed in mica slate. It phosphoresces 
 by friction or from heat. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, (apatite) in small green prisms in lime- 
 stone. 
 
 Scapolite, (Chelmsfordite of Dana,) in limestone associated 
 with quartz, mica, and phosphate of lime. 
 
 Tremolite, in fibrous masses in limestone. 
 
 Actynolite, amorphous or in imperfect 6 sided prisms in lime- 
 stone. (C.) 
 
 Mica, disseminated in limestone. 
 
 Steatite, in limestone. (Dana.) 
 
 CHELSEA. 
 
 Clay slate. (Dana.) 
 
 CHELSEA BEECH. 
 
 Petrosilex pebbles, abundant. (Dana.) 
 
 CHESTER. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, beautifully crystallized. (Sil. 6.246.)~about 1 
 m E. of the meetinghouse with chabasie and stilbite in fis- 
 sures and veins, in the mica slate. (Sil. 7.255.) 
 
 Cyanite, very dark colored, in mica slate. 
 
 Agate. (Sil. 6 248.) One specimen in the sand, near Chester 
 village, weighed upwards of 180 Ib. consisting of yellow jas- 
 per and chalcedony. A much larger mass partly agatized 
 was near the meetinghouse. (->t7. 7.256 ) 
 
 Chabasie, in cuboidal crystals, (SiL 6.248.) with stilbite and 
 carbonate of lime in mica slate ; fine crystals. (Sil. 8.45.^ 
 
 Graphite. (SiL 6.248.) 
 
 Silico-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, associated with 
 
42 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 flugite, and 
 
 Jlctynolite ; likewise in sienite. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, in an aggregate of 
 
 Grey Epidote, 
 
 Zoisite, hornblende, and quartz, (^il. 7.254.) 
 
 Jlugite, abundant, in amorphous masses. 
 
 Sahlite, and 
 
 Coccolite, in beds, in mica slate, well chnracterized. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, abundant in octaedral crystals, and 
 
 amorphous, disseminated in 
 Serpentine, mica slate, &c. 
 Garnets, and 
 
 Staurotide, very abundant. (Sil. 7.255.) 
 
 Beryl, in an aggregate of carbonate of lime, chlorite, and feld- 
 spar. (Sil. 7.233.) 
 Granular Limestone, highly crystalline between the strata of 
 
 mica slate. (Sil. 8,33.) 
 Rose Red Quartz, in granite. (Sil. 8.37.) 
 Laminated Quartz, a new variety, (Sil. 8.38.) 
 Pycnite, in detached pieces of gneiss, resembling beryl. 
 Mica, prismatic and lamellar, abundant and beautiful, in 
 coarse granite. (Sil. 8.41.) 
 
 Common Schorl, in the veins of granite, found in mica 
 slate. 
 
 Green Tourmaline, and 
 
 Indicolite, are found in a vein of granite in mica slate, with 
 
 Silicious Feldspar, or Cleavelandite. 
 
 Common Feldspar, abundant in granite, often crystallized. 
 
 Green Feldspar, and rose red quartz, 2 m. S. of the meeting- 
 house. (Sil. 8.42.) 
 
 Albite. The siliceous feldspar passes into fine and coarse 
 granular. 
 
 Glassy Feldspar, in quadrangular prisms in granite, abundant. 
 
 Compact Feldspar, found sometimes with the preceding. 
 (M7. 8.43.) 
 
 Scapolite, with 
 
 Hornblende, augite, &ic. 
 
 JMelanite, in hornblende. 
 
 Epidote, on hornblende rocks ; sometimes also in grains. 
 
 Idocrase, associated with actynolite, epidote, 
 
 Chlorite, &c. (Sil. 8.44. J deep green, foliated. (Sil. 8.52.) 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 43 
 
 Stilbite,a mile E. of the meetinghouse, and in other places in 
 fissures of the mica slate and hornblende rocks, associated 
 with 
 
 Zeolite. (Sil. 8.45.) 
 
 Nacriie 1 ? on mica slate. (Sil. 8.46.) 
 
 Diallage ? in diallase rock ! It resembles metalloidal diallage, 
 (Sil, 8.49.) 
 
 Brown Talc forms veins in mica slate ; same as that mention- 
 ed in Sil. 7.55. (&7. 8.50.) 
 
 Sulphur , in mica slate. (*-?'/. 8.54.) 
 
 Ferruginous Oxide of Titanium, in granite, rare, somewhat 
 resembling schorl. (Sil. 8. 53.) 
 
 Spodumene, in small quantity in granite, yellowish or pale 
 green. (Sit. 8 243.) 
 
 Fetid Quartz, in granite. (Sil. 8.250.) 
 
 CHESTERFIELD. ? 
 
 Cyanite, very fine, associated with 
 
 Garnet and quartz. 
 
 Green Tourmaline, in a bed of granite, chiefly in a vein of 
 
 quartz and 
 
 Siliceous Feldspar, traversing the granite, associated with 
 Rubellite. This granite contains 
 Blue Tourmaline, and 
 Emerald. 
 Beryl, in granite ; the crystals vary from a small size to that 
 
 of a foot in diameter ; their color is usually a light green, 
 
 and they much resemble the French beryl at Limoge. (C.) 
 Rose Quartz, beautiful, and in considerable quantities in a 
 
 ledge, at the E. part of the town. 
 Irised Quartz, in large quantities, red, yellow, or orange, and 
 
 very delicate. (Sil. 6.247.) 
 Tremolite, well characterized. (SiL 6.248.) 
 Staurotide, abundant (Sil. 6.219.) in mica slate, or is it 
 Madel (Sil. 6.227.) 
 Sulphuret ofMolybdena. (il. 7.58.) 
 Green Feldspar, in crystalline masses, very fine, in granite 
 
 near the cyanite locality. (SiL 7.251.) 
 Fetid Quartz. 
 
 Prismatic Mica, abundant, and beautiful. 
 Scajpolite, associated with quartz. (Sil. 7.J52.) 
 
44 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 CHILMARK. 
 
 Ferruginous Pebbles, brown or reddish, in beds, cemented 
 by the oxide of iron. 
 
 Mica, silver color, intimately mixed with, and composing 
 nearly half of some of the clay beds. This clay appears to 
 be 
 
 Kaolin. 
 
 Variegated Clay, in beds. 
 
 Mineral Charcoal, in small masses, in some of the clay beds. 
 
 Lignite, well characterized, in the clay, beneath the ferrugi- 
 nous pebble beds, 5 or 6 m. from Gay Head. (Sil. 7.i45.) 
 
 Argillaceous Ore of Iron, incrusting the cliffs a little east- 
 ward from Monimshi bite, on the N. side of the island, as- 
 suming a mamillary or botryoidal appearance, to which I am 
 inclined to apply the very appropriate name of Iron Sinter. 
 
 Garnet, in granite near this locality. (T. Ji. Greene.) 
 
 COHASSET. 
 
 Hornstone, in a small vein in sienite, rare. (Dana.) 
 
 COLRAIN. 
 
 Scapolite'? (Sil 6.225) 
 
 Red Oxide oj Titanium, in quartz, mica slate, and tremolite. 
 (Sit. 6.236.; 
 
 CONCORD. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, occurs with a vein of sulphuret of iron in 
 
 greenstone. 
 
 Sutphuret of Iron, disseminated in 
 Clay blate* 
 Novaculite. (Dana.) 
 
 CONWAY. 
 
 Cyanite, in mica slate. (C.) 
 
 Melanite, in mica slate, at the cyanite locality, a few miles E. 
 
 of the village, in great abundance. (E. 145 ) 
 Rock Crystal, abundant ; good specimens of crystals crossing 
 
 each other in all directions, on feldspar. (Sil. J.I 12.) 
 Garnet, nearly black in hornblende and mica slate. Good 
 
 specimens of the melenite. 
 Sulphur, pulverulent in small quantities, in mica slate. (Sil. 
 
 1.114.) 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 45 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, in small quantities, efflorescing in mica slate. 
 (Sil 1.115.; 
 
 Hornstone ; rare. (Sil. 1 .436.) 
 
 Green Fluate of Lime, in a vein of mica slate, in small quan- 
 tities. 
 
 Tabular Quartz, and 
 
 Radiated Quartz, abundant, and most beautiful graphic gran- 
 
 r ite. (Sil 5.405.J 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, crystallized on Crystallized Quartz ; 
 rare. 
 
 Alum, on mica slate efflorescing. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in veins, and geodes, from 1 to 10 inches in 
 diameter in mica slate. The crystals are of every size, are 
 very transparent, and occur in vast quantities. (Sil 6.213.) 
 
 Fetid Quartz, milk white, in veins, in mica slate, and granite 
 and loose on the surface, and crystallized. (Sil 6.215.) 
 
 Jasper, red, black, and yellow, in rolled fragments on the 
 banks of Deerfield river. (Sil. 6.218.) 
 
 Mica, straw yellow, sometimes rose red, in excess in granitic 
 veins. (Sil 6 220.) 
 
 Scapolite ? (ftt. 6.225.) 
 
 Fasciculite, in mica slate and talco-micaceous slate. (Sil 
 6.226.J 
 
 Chlorite, foliated. (Sil 6.228.; 
 
 Kaolin, in small quantities. (Sil 6.229.) 
 
 Spodumene, from the vicinity of Convvay. (Sil 8.121.) 
 
 CUMMINGTON. 
 
 Mlky Quartz, often in large masses. 
 
 Jasper, black, in rolled fragments on the banks of Westfield 
 
 river. 
 
 Staurotide, in mica slate. 
 Garnet. 
 Jlctynolite. 
 
 Talc, sometimes laminated, and greenish white in 
 Steatite, which is abundant, and quarried. 
 Chromate of Iron, compart and amorphous. (C.) 
 Blue Quartz, in amorphous masses. 
 Arenaceous Quartz, often in large masses. 
 Fetid Quartz. (Sil 6.247.) 
 Green Mica. 
 Tremolite, associated with quartz and beautiful garnets. (Cum- 
 
 raingtonite of Prof. Dewey.) 
 
46 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Serpentine, in loose masses. 
 
 Chromate of Iron, one small mass has been found at the soap- 
 stone quarry. 
 
 Graphite. (SiL 6.248.) 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium. (Sil. 7.58.) 
 
 Chalcedony. 
 
 Red Jasper, on the banks of Westfield river. 
 
 Black Tourmaline, in milky quartz, uncommonly beautiful. 
 (Sil. 7.252.) 
 
 Sulphur, in the Cummingtonite rock. 
 
 Graphite. (Sil 8.54.) 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, compact and earthy. (SiL 8.57.) 
 
 Cummingtonite, or grey epidole, with quartz and garnet, form- 
 ing a large mass in which is found minute crystals of 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron. (Sil. 8.59.) 
 
 Laminated Quartz, well characterized. It occurs both of the 
 milky and smoky varieties. The rock that contains the 
 Cummingtonite is known by the common people by the 
 name of ' Copperas rock,' pieces of it being occasionally 
 used as a substitute for sulphate of iron in dying. It lies 
 by the road side in the E. part of the town. 
 
 Fetid Limestone, in loose masses, dark colored, scintilla- 
 ting, and very fetid. 
 
 Carbonate of Iron, beautifully crystallized in rhombs, which 
 are nearly white, have a shining surface, and are frequent- 
 ly curved or undulated. 
 
 Siliceous -Oxide of Manganese, in large quantities; it is of a 
 light, but very lively rose red color, and takes a fine polish, 
 associated with the grey oxide, and around both, the black 
 oxide commonly forms an envelope. 
 
 Cyanite, in small quantities, in large, well defined crystals, of 
 a lively and delicate color, in mica slate, associated with 
 white quartz, garnets, and 
 
 Black Mica. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, occurs at the same place, and some- 
 times in the same rock, with the cyanite. 
 
 Hyalite, or stalactical quartz. (Jacob Porter.) 
 
 DALTON. 
 
 Yellow Tourmaline, near the Housatonic, in groups of straw 
 
 yellow crystals, in 
 Granular Limestone. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 47 
 
 Compact Brown Oxide of Iron , incrusting rocks. (C.) 
 Yellow Ferruginous Quartz, crystallized and amorphous, 
 (Jacob Porter.) 
 
 DANVERS. 
 
 Calcareous Spar ; the laminated variety occurs in green- 
 stone, and in 
 Clay Slate. (C.) 
 
 Common Hornblende, in rounded masses. 
 Potter's Clay, extensively manufactured. 
 Peat, compact and fibrous, abundant. (Dana.) 
 
 DEDHAM. 
 
 Epidote y in veins, traversing sienite and greenstone, usually 
 compact, but sometimes crystallized in cavities. 
 
 Jlsbestus ; the common variety is found massive in quartz, 
 which traverses rolled masses of greenstone. (C.) 
 
 Sulphuret of 'Iron, disseminated in 
 
 Clay Slate. 
 
 Novaculite. (Dana.) 
 
 DEERFIELD. 
 
 Tabular Quartz, in greenstone. 
 
 Quartz geodes, of which the interior is lined with chabasie, 
 prehnite, &LC. 
 
 Amethyst, possessing a delicate color in greenstone. 
 
 Carnelian, in greenstone, deep red, or yellowish, generally 
 united with common 
 
 Chalcedony, which occurs in secondary greenstone, cylindri- 
 cal, reniform, and stalactical. 
 
 Sardonyx, passing into carnelian, with which it is associated. 
 
 Jasper, red, yellow, or imperfectly striped, in rolled masses, 
 on the banks of Deerfieid river. 
 
 Agate, in greenstone, 1 m. E. from the Academy. (C.) A new 
 ocality of them of very fine specimens, \JSil 5.407.) in- 
 cluding the fortification agate, striped or ribbon agate, eyed 
 agates, and chalcedony x ; one weighed 23 Ib. (Sil. 6216.) 
 
 Cacholong, in greenstone, passing into common chalcedony, 
 about which it usually forms an envelope. 
 
 Cyanite, in mica slate. 
 
 Basanite, on the banks of Deerfieid river. 
 
48 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Stilbite, in greenstone, white crystals, usually associated with 
 chabasie. 
 
 Zeolite, radiated masses in cavities of greenstone. 
 
 Analdme, in greenstone, with chabasie, quartz, and amethyst. 
 
 Chabasie, in cavities or veins in greenstone, also in geodes, 
 on balls of zeolite, or on chalcedony, quartz, &c. 
 
 Prehnite, incrusting columnar greenstone, or traversing it in 
 veins. 
 
 Jlugite, in black, imperfect crystals in an aggregate of green- 
 stone, quartz, and carbonate of lime. 
 
 Chlorite, in amygdaloid. 
 
 Green Earth, in amygdaloid. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese. (C.) 
 
 Blue Quartz, in rolled masses on Deerfield river. 
 
 Granular Quartz. (Sil. 1.112.) 
 
 Greasy Quartz. 
 
 Lamellar Quartz. 
 
 Pseudomorphous Quartz, in greenstone. 
 
 Mica, very abundant on the E. side of Connecticut river. 
 
 Fetrosilex, on the banks of Deerfield river* 
 
 Hornblende. (Sil. 1.113.) 
 
 Epidote. (5*7.1.114.) 
 
 Laminated Calcareous Spar, with the prehnite &c. about 2 m. 
 from Deerfield Academy, easterly. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron. (Sil. 1.115.) 
 
 Rose Quartz, a loose mass in alluvial soil. (Sil. 1.116.) 
 
 Hornstone, in nodules ; abundant. 
 
 Siliceous Slate, in rolled masses, on the banks of Deerfield 
 river. (Sil. 1.436.) 
 
 Fluate of Lime, purple, crystallized. (Sil. 5.407.) 
 
 Feldspar, deep flesh color, with quartz, forming elegant speci- 
 mens of graphic granite. (Sil. 6.16.J 
 
 Garnet, abundant; (Sil. 1.114.) in hornblende and mica slate, 
 nearly black. (Sil. 6.222.) 
 
 Common Serpentine, in small rolled masses. (Sil. G.227.J 
 
 Pyritous Copper, in greenstone. (Sil. 6.231.) 
 
 DORCHESTER. 
 
 Compact Feldspar, abundant, forming beds, or even hills. 
 Novaculite, in rolled masses, and in beds in 
 day Slat*, into which it passes. (C.) 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 49 
 
 Nodular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in alluvial soil at Dor- 
 chester beach ; rare. (Dana.) 
 Black Oxide of Manganese, investing various rocks. (J. W. W.) 
 
 EASTON. 
 
 Sulphur et of Copper, and 
 
 Sutphuret <.j Lead, on Jonathan Leonard's farm. 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 Prase, beautiful, and containing 
 
 Sutphuret oj Iron, a little E. of the summit of Hoosack moun- 
 tain. (Sit. 1.344.) 
 
 Serpentine, some of it is very hard, and contains crystals of 
 sulphuret of iron. With the serpentine is often found 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, 
 
 Hyalite, 
 
 Chalcedony, 
 
 Talc, 
 
 Asbestus, &c. (Sil. 8.49, & 50.) 
 
 GAY HEAD. 
 
 Sulphate of Lime, in rhomboidal tables, more frequently in 
 acicular prisms, imbedded in a blackish earth which appears 
 to be decomposed on decayed lignite. 
 
 Potters' Clay. 
 
 Pipe clay fine and white. 
 
 Variegated Clay. 
 
 Lignite, three varieties ; Brittle Lignite, Bituminous Wood, 
 and Earthy Lignite, very plentiful. 
 
 Radiated bulphuret of Iron, sometimes in a cylindrical form 
 investing the lignite, more frequently in spheroidal masses 
 imbedded in the earthy, or decomposed lignite, or in clay. 
 
 Red and Yellow Ochres. 
 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, the columnar and nodular varie- 
 ties; the latter very common. 
 
 Amorphous Native Arsenic is said to occur here. All these 
 may be found in the cliff, which presents a naked front of 
 200 feet in height, and whose variegated colors have given 
 name to this spot ; within forty rods of the light house. 
 (C.)^(T. A. Green.) 
 
 Amber has been found floating on the ocean, near, undoubted- 
 ly derived from the lignite of this formation. (SiL 7.35.) 
 
50 ; MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Iron Sinter, as discribed under Chilmark, found sparingly. 
 (T. A. Greene.) 
 
 GILL. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand, (C.) a little below Turner's falls on the 
 S. E. bank of Connecticut river. (Sil. 6.232.) 
 
 Bituminous Shale has been found at the falls. (6*7. I. 111.) 
 
 Chalcedony, in greenstone. (Sil. 6.216.) 
 
 Chlorite, in greenstone amygdaloid. (Sil. 6.228.) 
 
 Claystone, in rolled pieces in the bed of Connecticut river, be- 
 low where it cuts through the coal formation at Gill. (Sil. 
 6.22'9.) 
 
 Variagated Pyritous Qopper, sparingly disseminated, in calca- 
 reous spar, in sand stone of the coal formation ; in the isl- 
 and, in the middle of Connecticut river, at the falls in Gill. 
 (Sil. 6.231.J 
 
 Arsenical Iron ? or arsenical sulphuret of iron ; one detached 
 mass. (Sil. 6.232.) 
 
 Nodular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, near the falls, in a dark, 
 hard slate, of the coal formation. (Sil. 6.233.) 
 
 GOSHEN. 
 
 Mica, in detached masses of granite associated with 
 
 Blue Tourmaline, and 
 
 Green Tourmaline. The mica is sometimes crystallized in 
 rhombic tables, generally rose red, or violet, resembling 
 lepidolite, 6 m. N. B. from Chesterfield. The same granite 
 contains 
 
 Black Tourmalines, and 
 
 Red Tourmalines, and also 
 
 Red Colored Emeralds, and 
 
 Cleavelandite, and 
 
 Beryl, (C.) some of which are rose colored. (SiL C.222.) 
 
 JLimpid Quartz, with snow white 
 
 Feldspar, forming superb specimens of graphic granite in the 
 N. E. corner of the town. (8il. 6.16.) Pseudomorphous 
 granite is connected with it. (SiL 7.22.) 
 
 Tremolitc. 
 
 Scapolite $ (Sil. 6.225.) Scapolite, occurs beautifully crystal- 
 lized, and abundant, generally associated with white quartz, 
 S. W. part of the town. (J. Porter.) 
 
 Augite, white, abundant and fine, in granite, 1 m. N. of the 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 51 
 
 meetinghouse, on the road to Ashfield. (Sil. 6.225.) 
 Ahout 2 m. N. of Goshen meetinghouse, a few rods beyond 
 tavern on the W. side of the road, is a pasture almost cov- 
 ered by bowlders of granite. These bowlders are full of 
 augite ; some crystals 12 to 18 inches long, and 3 or 4 
 wide, but imperfect ; every cabinet in the world might be 
 supplied from them. Fine crystals of beryl are found in the 
 same rock. (Sil. 7.30.) Augite occurs at the celebrated 
 locality of the emerald, tourmalines, and silicious feldspar. 
 
 fibrous Hornblende, in mica slate. (Sil. 6.226.) 
 
 Schorl, on granite; some of them are covered by white 
 quartz, an inch or more, generally small but handsome. 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena, in granite. (J. Porter.) 
 
 The dugite, of this town has recently been ascertained by 
 analysis to be 
 
 Spodumene. 
 
 Fetid Quartz, in all the stone walls, very abundant. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, is likewise found in stone walls in 
 masses of quartz and mica slate. (C. U. Shepard.) 
 
 GRANVILLE, 
 
 Cyanite, in mica slate. (C.) 
 
 GREAT BARRINGTON. 
 
 Dolomite occurs at the foot of a hill of mica slate, containing 
 
 Tremolite. Sometimes the crystals are bladed and flattened, 
 and sometimes in masses of parallel, or diverging fibres. (C.) 
 The locality at which the bladed crystals are abundant is 
 in Muddy brook, 3 m. from the plain in Stockbridge, and 
 on the left of the road, leading to New Marlborough. (Sil. 
 8.46.) 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, near, in gneiss. (C.) 
 
 Jlugite, in magnesian limestone at Muddy brook, some of the 
 crystals resembling the tremolite. (Sil. 8.47.) 
 
 Chlorite Slate, abundant. (Sil. 8.52.) 
 
 GREENFIELD. 
 
 Sulphate ofBarytes, forming the walls of a vein, which tra- 
 verses loadstone, and contains 
 Green Carbonate of Copper. 
 Compact Malachite, 100 rods below the falls, with 
 
52 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Pyrilous Copper, in a vein traversing loadstone, and contain- 
 ing sulphate of barytes. (C.) 
 
 Bog Iron Ore, abundant. (SiL 1.436.) A vein of green car- 
 bonate of copper principally, and pyritous copper, 5 or 6 
 feet in diameter, occurs on the W. bank of Connecticut 
 river, 100 rods below the mouth of Fall river, and about 
 the same distance in a direct line from Turner's falls, at 
 the junction of the greenstone and 
 
 Red Slate, of the coal formation. The matrix of this vein is 
 loadstone, which is traversed in the direction of the vein, 
 by several veins of sulphate of barytes. About a mile be- 
 low the vein just described, (down the stream,) is another, 
 similar, and needs no description. In other places between 
 these veins, in the red slate are observed veins of the green 
 carbonate of copper, not more than ^ of an inch thick, 
 while the walls are glazed, so as to resemble polished steel ; 
 constituting handsome specimens of the 
 
 Slickenside, of the Germans. (Sil 6.207.J 
 
 Limpid Quartz, crystallized in the copper mines. (SiL 6.213.) 
 
 Chalcedony, in greenstone. (SiL 6.216J 
 
 Chlorite, in greenstone amygdaloid. (Sil* 6.228.) 
 
 Prehnite, in greenstone. (HalL) 
 
 GROTON. 
 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, (bog ore,) occurs earthy, or with 
 a resinous fracture, and yields hot short iron. (C.) 
 
 HADLEY. 
 
 Chalcedony, in greenstone. (&il. 6.216.) 
 
 HARDWICK. 
 
 Bog Ore, (argillaceous oxide of iron,) abundant. (W. Lincoln.) 
 
 HATFIELD. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, occurs both in tabular crystals and foli- 
 ated masses, in veins, traversing granite or gneiss. (C.) 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (SiL 1.115.) 
 
 HAWLET. 
 
 Jlctynolite, in good crystals in a hornblende rock. 
 Specular Oxide of Iron. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 53 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron. (C.) This exists in the north 
 western part of the town, in beds in talcose slate, with 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, which is probably most abundant. 
 The principal bed varies from 6 inches to 3 or 4 feet in 
 thickness. One or two tons of the micaceous oxide lie be- 
 side the mine ready for the mineralogist ; plates of it may 
 easily be obtained a foot in diameter, possessing a highly 
 glistening aspect, and for richness and beauty, specimens 
 of this ore can hardly be excelled. (&il. 6.208.) 
 
 Black Tourmaline, in 
 
 Milky Quartz, (n7. 5,271.) 
 
 Staurotide, in abundance, in mica slate. (Sil. 6.219.) 
 
 Facicvlite, in mica slate, and talco-micaceous slate. (Sil+ 
 6.226.) 
 
 Jl : acle ? abundant in mica slate. (8il. 6.227.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, compart, and unmixed with any gangue. 
 {Sil. 6.232.) Also in small but beautiful crystals. 
 
 Hornblende, abundance of fine crystals, many specimens, re- 
 semble bundles of rods tied together near the middle^ 
 thence diverging. (Faciculite ?) 
 
 Chlorite, abundant, and extremely beautiful. {Sil. 6.248.) 
 
 Garnet, very large crystals in 
 
 Chlorite Slate. (Sil. 8.44.) 
 
 Zoisite. (C. U. Skepard.) 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in octaedral crystals, in chlorite. (7. 
 Porter.) 
 
 HEATH. 
 Made % abundant in mica slate. (Sil. 6.227.) 
 
 HINGHAM. 
 
 Hypersthene, mingled with hornblende, and forming a bed in 
 
 sienite. (C.) 
 
 Petrosilex, disseminated in amygdaloid. 
 Wacke, forming the basis of amygdaloid. (Dana.) 
 
 HINSDALE. 
 
 Granular Quartz, in large friable masses, snow white, and 
 
 much resembling loaf sugar. (C.) 
 
 Prismatic Mica, on the edges of common mica. (Sil. 5.399.) 
 Stawoiide, in vast quantities in mica slate. (Sil. 6,21 9.) 
 
54 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Graphite. (Sil. 6.248.; Foliated and granular, sometimes 
 nearly slaty, with augite 5 abundant. (Sil. 8.54.; 
 
 Cacholong, on 
 
 Hormtone, and 
 
 Chalcedony. 
 
 Common Opal. (Sil. 8.39.; 
 
 Jlugite, with graphite. (Sil. 8.48.J 
 
 Fibrous Brown Hematite, S. W. part of the town, 4 m. from 
 Pittsfield, cementing a conglomerated quartz rock, lining 
 its fragments, and sometimes nearly ^ an inch thick. (Sil. 
 
 8.18.; 
 
 Sulphur, in cavities of a mica slate rock, consisting chiefly of 
 quartz. (Sil. 8.53. j 
 
 HOLLAND. 
 
 Graphite, 2 m. S. from the meetinghouse, between Sturbridge 
 
 and Holland, in primitive strata. (C.) It is 6 m. S. E. 
 
 from Brimfield, an extensive bed, between layers of gneiss, 
 
 in connexion with 
 
 Hornblende, perfectly pure, except that it contains 
 Cobalt Ore, like the hornblende of Monson and Chatham. 
 
 (Sil. 2.238.; 
 Lamellar Hornblende, good specimens are found here. (Sil. 
 
 6.226.; 
 
 HOPKINTON. 
 
 Earthy Phosphate of Iron, in large quantities, and is employ- 
 ed as a pigment. (C.) A bed of some thickness was pass- 
 ed through, 1 or 2 feet below the surface, in excavating a 
 hole, 6 feet deep, for the medicinal spring, in the N. W. 
 part of the town, on the S. side of a small meadow, at the 
 base of an alluvial hill. 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron, and 
 Bog Ore ; abundant, near the chalybeate springs. 
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 Andalucite, reddish brown, in a rolled mass of white quartz, 
 
 near. (J. W. W. 1.600.; 
 Made, abundant, (W. Lincoln.) on what is called " George 
 
 Hill," and elsewhere. 
 Earthy Marl, 15 m. N. E. of Worcester, (C. C. Baldwin,) 
 
 discovered by Mr. Farnum Plummer in digging a well. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 55 
 
 Finite, in clay slate. 
 Spodumene, fine specimens. 
 
 LANESBOROUGH. 
 
 Granular Limestone, associated with mica slate, and other 
 primitive rocks. 
 
 Flexible Marble. 
 
 Marble, white and brownish ; 7,000 square feet annually saw- 
 ed ; value, $10,000. 
 
 Chlorite, near, abundant, and often associated with detached 
 masses of quartz. (C.) 
 
 Stalactite, and 
 
 Calc. Sinter, in the common forms of pendant and protube- 
 rant, and projecting masses, occur in very considerable 
 quantity, in a small cavern in one of the quarries of primi- 
 tive limestone. (Sil. 4.41.) 
 
 Graphite, ('Sil. 7.253.) 
 
 Graphic State, in small quantity, with 
 
 Clay Slate. (5ft/.8.52.) 
 
 Siliceous Sand, suitable for the best flint glass. (Sch.) 
 
 Yellow Ferruginous Quartz, crystallized and amorphous. 
 (/. Porter.) 
 
 LEE. 
 
 Dolomite. When broken or rubbed it is strongly fetid. (C.) 
 
 Iron Ore. (Sil. 5.21.) 
 
 Limpid Quartz, crystallized. (Sil. S.37.) 
 
 Fibrous Tremolite, the masses, whose fibres are sometimes 
 
 more than two feet long, contain parallelepipeds of 
 Sulphuret of Iron. (Sil. 8.46.) Sulphuret of iron, exists also, 
 
 in compact masses. (Sil. 8.55.) 
 
 LEICESTER. 
 
 Arsenical Sulphuret of Iron, in gneiss. (Sil. 6.232.) 
 
 LENOX. 
 
 Gibbsite on iron ore. (Sil. 6.247.) 
 Blue Quartz. 
 
 Fetid Quartz. (Sil. 7.252.J 
 Magnesian Carbonate of Lime. (Sil. 8.34. ) 
 Marl, earthy calcareous, in beds, chiefly carbonate of lime con- 
 taining decayed small shells. (Sil. 8.36.J 
 
56 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Limpid Qnartz, crystallized, and 
 Greasy Quartz. (Sit. 8.37 j 
 
 LEVERETT. 
 
 Brown Spar, in a vein of galena. 
 
 8ulphuret of Lead, a vein of which with 
 
 Pyritous Copper, sometimes in nearly equal proportions in a 
 gangue of 
 
 Sulphate of Bar ytes, and quarz traverses gneiss. 
 
 Radiated Quartz, forming a part of the gancue of the galena. 
 
 Feldspar, sometimes in large bluish crystals, in granite. 
 
 Sutphuret of Zinc, yellowish, in a vein of galena and pyritous 
 copper traversing granite. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, in small masses, much resembling gran- 
 ular oxide of iron, in alluvial soil. (C.) 
 
 Tabular Quartz, brown and white. (Hall.) A vein of gale- 
 na, the only ore, one foot wide, in a gangue of sulphate of 
 barytes, traversing granite, occurs in the S. W. part of the 
 town ; about two m. N. of this vein is one of galena, pyri- 
 tous copper, and blende in a gangue of quartz, united with 
 sulphate of barytes, several feet wide, traversing mica slate 
 and granite. (Sil. 6.204.) 
 
 Yellow Quartz, crystallized in small quantities at the lead 
 mine. (Sil. 6.213.) 
 
 Staurotide, abundant. (Sil. 6.219.) ^ 
 
 Lamellar Hornblende, good specimens of a black color. (SiL 
 6.226.) 
 
 Peat, in small quantities. (Sil. 6.230.) 
 
 LEXINGTON. 
 
 Peat, compact and fibrors, abundant. (Dana.) 
 
 LEYDEN. 
 
 v2toi, efflorescing on 
 Clay Slaie. 
 
 Jasper, red, yellow, and imperfectly striped, in rolled masses. 
 Tremolite, very abundant in loose masses on the surface, often 
 
 very large. 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, in loose masses of quartz and tremo- 
 
 lite. This locality furnishes fine specimens, and sometimes 
 
 as large as the finger. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 57 
 
 Zoisite, of a dirty grey color, sometimes forming the gangue 
 
 of the red oxide of titanium. (C.) 
 Epidote. 
 
 Serpentine, in small rolled masses. (Sil. 1.114.) 
 Insed Quartz, in mica slate. (Sil. 1.112, & 6.213.) 
 Scapolite? abundant. This mineral has generally been called 
 
 tremolite, and sometimes zoisite. (S-il. 6.225.) 
 Fibrous Hornblende, the fibres very fine. (Sil. 6.226.) 
 Chlorite, foliated. (Sil. 6.228.) 
 Kaolin, in small quantity. (Sil. 6.229.) 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, sometimes covering quartz, and other 
 
 minerals, but not abundant. (Sil. 6.233.) 
 
 LITTLETON. 
 
 Limestone. 
 
 Scapolite, both white and purple. (C. U. Shepard,) 
 
 LYNN. 
 
 Chalcedony, in delicate, milk white rolled masses, on Nahant 
 beach. 
 
 Epidote, in veins, traversing sienite and greenstone, usually 
 compact, but sometimes crystallized in cavities, and al JWt- 
 hant, finely crystallized. 
 
 Fibrous Prehnite t at Nahant. 
 
 O tide of Manganese, occurs dendritic, or in mammillary in- 
 crustations, on 
 
 Compact Feldspar, and sienite. (C.) Petrosilex is one of 
 the most frequent pebbles on Nahant beach. It forms some 
 hills and mural precipices, and enters into the composition 
 of porphyry. Dana.) 
 
 MALDEN. 
 
 Compact Feldspar, abundant in beds, and even forming hills. 
 Sometimes its colors are red and white, in parallel veins or 
 stripes, straight or curved. A dark variety is diversified by 
 other shades of red, in veins. It forms the basis of feld- 
 spar porphyry, sometimes equal in beauty to the best an- 
 tique porphyry. (C.) Hornstone porphyry. (J. W. W.) 
 
 Novaculite, in beds in 
 
 Clay Slate, into which it passes, or in rolled masses. (C.) 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron. 
 8 
 
58 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Specular Iron, in porphyry. 
 Bog Iron Ore. (J. W. W.} 
 
 MANSFIELD. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore, very abundant. 
 
 MARBLE HE AD. 
 
 Sulphuret of Jlolybdena, fine crystals were found in arranging 
 the collection at Cambridge, labelled, Marblehead. (J. W. 
 
 W.} 
 
 MARSHFIELD. 
 
 Blue Quartz, in amorphous masses. (Sil. 6.247.) 
 Jasper, dark colored, and red, on the beach ; many of the 
 specimens beautiful. (Sil. 6.248.) 
 
 MARTHA'S VINEYARD. (See GAY HEAD, and CHILMARK.) 
 
 MEDFORD. 
 
 Muriate of Copper, in rolled masses of granite. (C.) 
 Petrosilex, in rolled masses, and fragments, in alluvial soil. 
 Pyritous Copper, in rolled masses of quartz. 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron, massive, and disseminated in 
 
 quartz, which traverses greenstone, and in decomposing, 
 
 greenstone. 
 Sulphuret of Lead, disseminated in rolled masses of quartz; 
 
 very rare. (Dana.) 
 
 MENDON. 
 
 Limpid Quarts, and 
 
 Smoky Quartz, massive, transparent, or translucent, much of 
 which is beautifully irised. The writer found one opaque 
 crystal^! inches in diameter, and 5| long; ends broken. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, also 
 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, in quartz, some of the plates are J 
 of an inch in thickness, about a m. from Blackstone factory, 
 on Peter Gaskill's land, at a shaft which was sunk upwards 
 of 40 years since, with the delusive prospect of finding sil- 
 ver. Specular Iron, in handsome plates, in quartz, and 
 
 Chlorite, distinctly characterized, and beautiful, are found at 
 the Blackstone factory. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 59 
 
 MIDDLEBOROUGH. 
 
 Bog Ore, abundant at the bottom of ponds. ( C.) 
 Feldspar, in a singular talcose rock. (Sil. 7.241.) 
 
 MIDDLEFIELD. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, botb the lamellar and granular varieties. 
 
 Crystallized jUagnesian Carbonate oj Lime, laminated, white 
 and yellowish, in soapstone, with 
 
 Green Talc. 
 
 White Talc, mixed with 
 
 ^ctynolite, which occurs of a fine green ; and its masses often 
 contain small tufts of the fibrous variety. 
 
 Chalcedony, in 
 
 Serpentine, which is connected with soapstone or 
 
 Steatite, containing talc and rhomb spar. 
 
 Crystallized Steatite, fine crystals, yellowish white, usually 
 grouped on masses of steatite, (C.) 2 m. S. of the meeting- 
 house, between layers of the serpentine. (Sil. 8.51.) 
 
 Staurotide, in mica slate. 
 
 Magnetic Oiide of Iron, in octaedral crystals in mica slate. 
 
 Chromate of Iron, in serpentine. (C.) 
 
 Siliceous Slate. 
 
 Moiybdena, in actynolile and steatite. (Sil. 5. 268.) 
 
 Stalactical Quartz, crystals are small and have a slight tinge 
 of red on serpentine, at some falls in a brook. The speci- 
 mens are singularly beautiful. 
 
 Opal, covered with small white crystals, slightly tinged with 
 blue or yellow. 
 
 Hornstone. The chalcedony of this town is of a milky or 
 reddish color, with blood red spots. (Sil. 6.247.) 
 
 Augite, abundant. 
 
 Sahlite, and 
 
 Coccolite, in beds, in mica slate. 
 
 Fibrous Tremolite, in a large mass or rock of rhomb spar. 
 
 Hepatic Sulphuret oj Iron, imbedded in dark veins, in mag- 
 nesian carbonate of lime. (Sil. 7.255, & 256.J 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in minute pyramids in cavities of serpentine, 
 lined with quartz 
 
 Smoky Quartz, in rolled masses on the banks of streams. 
 
 Irised Quartz, in rolled masses, beautiful. 
 
 Greasy Quartz, and 
 
 Tabular Quartz. (Sil. 8.37.J 
 
SO MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Siliceous Sinter. Hyalite, in serpentine, sometimes nearly 
 stalactical, of a dirty brown color. 
 
 Ferruginous Opal, resembles and differs from ferruginous 
 quartz. 
 
 Agate, not very abundant. (Sil.Q.oV.) 
 
 Cy unite, and 
 
 Garnet, with staurotide, which is very abundant, in mica slate. 
 
 Topaz, connected with serpentine, very small crystals or frag- 
 ments ; they lie loosely in an earthy ground of some dis- 
 integrated minerals. (8il. 8.40.J 
 
 Schorl, in veins of granite found in mica slate. (Sil. S.42.J 
 
 Epidote, upon hornblende rocks, sometimes also in grains. 
 (Sil. 8.44.) 
 
 Granular Tremolite; large masses of aggregated, flattened 
 crystals, with rhomb spar, often pass off into this new and 
 very distinct variety of granular tremolite, which resembles 
 the white coccolite of Phillipstown, N. Y. (Sil. 8.46.J 
 
 Amianthus, in very strong and flexible fibres, in steatite. 
 
 Jlsbestus, ligniform and compact, traversing serpentine in 
 veins. (Sil. 8.47.) 
 
 Metalloidal Diallage ? in small quantity, in the serpentine. 
 
 Precious Serpentine is found here, and the common serpen- 
 tine, in immense quantities, in a bed 2 m. long ; 2 m. S. of 
 the meetinghouse. It often forms ledges 50 or 80 feet in 
 height, of various colors. Another bed is E. of the meet- 
 inghouse, connected with the great bed of steatite. 
 
 Potstone, associated with the large bed of steatite, which is 
 quarried extensively 2 m. E. of the meetinghouse. (Sil. 
 8.51.) 
 
 Chlorite, deep green, distinctly foliated. (Sil. 8.52.) 
 
 Sulphur, in cavities of mica slate rock, consisting chiefly of 
 quartz (Sil. 8.53.J 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, in flat plates, in quartz. 
 
 Silico-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium. (Sil. 8.58.J 
 
 MILBURY. 
 
 Brown Talc, called Vermiculite, abundant, 6 m. S. E. from 
 Worcester. (W. Lincoln.') 
 
 MILTON. 
 
 Fibrous Limestone, thin veins in 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 61 
 
 Wacke, rare. 
 
 Gypsum, in small quantities. 
 
 Compact Feldspar, abundant, forming beds, or even hills. (C.) 
 
 Elegant striped varieties are found in this town. (Dana) 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, in thin laminae in quartz, at the Blue 
 
 hills. 
 Oxide of .Manganese, in beautiful dendritic impressions on, 
 
 and investing compact feldspar, coating sometimes half an 
 
 inch thick. (C.) 
 Wache, in beds (?) in petrosilex, and forming the basis of 
 
 amygdaloid. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, disseminated in 
 Clay Slate, 
 
 NovacuUte, and greenstone. (Dana.) 
 Prase. (Hall.) 
 
 MONSON. 
 
 Arseniate of Cobalt, in primitive trap, small quantity. (E.) 
 
 MONTAGUE. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand is found in considerable quantities on the 
 banks of the river near, the falls. 
 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, near the junction of Miller's river 
 with the Connecticut. Its veins, sometimes 10 feet wide, 
 traverse granite. (C.) 
 
 Micaceous ^Oxide of Iron, near the N line of the town, on 
 Mr. Taft's land, a little S. VV. from the junction of Millers 
 with the Connecticut, a detached eminence 100 feet high, 
 and not less than 100 rods in circumference at its base, is 
 traversed by numerous veins of this ore. The principal 
 vein at the top of the hill, not less than 10 feet wide. The 
 gangue quartz, walls and hill, granite. A small propor- 
 tion of 
 
 Sulphuret oj Iron, in some specimens. (Sil. 1.438, & 6.207.J 
 
 Chlorite, at Miller's falls, penetrating milk white quartz. (Sil. 
 6. 228.;' 
 
 MONTGOMERY. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (Sil. 1.115.) 
 
 NAHANT. (See 
 
62 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 NANTASKET BEACH. 
 
 Petrosilex, the most frequent pebble on the beach. (Dana. 
 
 NANTUCKET. 
 
 Jasper ; a few specimens have been found in rolled masses 
 near the town. 
 
 Jlmber ; sometimes found on the shores of this island ; one 
 or two masses of a pound or more have been found, sup- 
 posed to have washed up by the sea. 
 
 Peat, in abundance. 
 
 Slaty Argillaceous Oxide of Iron ; abundant. 
 
 Nodular Iron. (T. A. Greene,) 
 
 NEEDHAM. 
 
 Fibrous Limestone, forming thin veins in 
 
 Wacke, rare. (C.) Wacke is found in rounded fragments. (%) 
 
 Chlorite, massive in quartz. (Dana.) 
 
 NEW ASHFORD. 
 
 Greasy Quartz. 
 
 Fetid Quartz ; abundant. It is often the greasy variety. 
 (Sil. 8.37, & 38.) 
 
 NEW BEDFORD. 
 
 .Mica, in large plates, sometimes crystallized, rarely prismatic. 
 
 Schorl, in gneiss on Palmer's island, and the adjacent shore; 
 not very good specimens. 
 
 Garnets, varying in size from that of a large pea to the small- 
 est grains, are found plentifully in the granite on Pope's isl- 
 and, and on Marsh island. 
 
 Feldspar, abundant ; very large and handsome specimens, and 
 of a variety of colors, with quartz forming very good speci- 
 mens of graphic granite. 
 
 Epidote, in minute crystals on gneiss, with 
 
 Oxide of Titanium, on the new road to Dartmouth, half a 
 m. S. W. of the village. 
 
 Hornblende, crystallized in gneiss ; abundant. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, handsome brown cubic crystals in a rock of 
 
 Clay Slate, about 6 m. N. of the village, W. side of Acush- 
 net river. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 63 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena, in the rocks of granite opposite Wil- 
 liam Rotch, Jr's. (T. A. Greene.} 
 
 NEW BRAINTREE. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore, a bed of, in a valley, a few feet below the sur- 
 face in a country of gneiss, explored to a considerable ex- 
 tent. (Sil. 6.1209.J 
 
 Miilaria ; very abundant. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron ; abundant. (C. U. Shepard.) 
 
 NEWBURY. 
 
 Granular Limestone, about 2 m. from Newburyport, near 
 the turnpike, fine grained, with veins of 
 
 Precious Serpentine, which is often extremely beautiful, per- 
 fectly resembling that of St. Keveris, in Cornwall. 
 
 Garnet, amorphous, associated with trernolite, epidote, &tc. 
 
 Epidote, in large crystals in the fissures of a rockj whose base 
 is an amorphous garnet. 
 
 Tremolite, in fibrous, radiated masses, with granular limestone, 
 serpentine, asbestus, garnet, &ic. 
 
 Amianthus, and the common variety of 
 
 Asbestus, in veins traversing the precious serpentine. (C.) 
 The asbestus of this locality has been mistaken for Satin 
 Spar. (J. W. W.} 
 
 NEW MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 Dolomite, containing 
 Jlugite. as well as 
 Tremolite. (Sil 8.35.) 
 Graphite. (Sil. 8.54.) 
 
 NEW SALEM. 
 
 Steatite, compact, and traversed by numerous seams near the 
 
 surface, surrounded by gneiss. (C.) 
 Jlctynolite, in acicular crystals, in 
 Chlorite. (Sil. 6.227.) 
 
 NEWTON. 
 
 Laminated Calcareous Spar, in amygdaloid, at the Lower 
 
 falls. 
 Petrosilex, in rolled masses and fragments, in alluvial soil. 
 
64 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Wacke, in rounded fragments, (?) and forming the basis of 
 
 amygdaloid. 
 
 Chlorite, massive in quartz. 
 Peat, compact and fibrous, abundant. (Dana.) 
 
 NORTHBOROUGH. 
 
 Mica, black, and white, 10 m. N. E. from Worcester. (W. 
 Lincoln.} 
 
 NORTHFIELD. 
 
 Staurotide, 1 m E. from the village, with 
 
 Garnets, in mica slate, (C.) on the turnpike to Boston. 
 
 NORTHAMPTON. V 
 
 Amethyst, in beautiful crystals on Mount Torn, near. 
 Beryl, in the vicinity. 
 
 Micaceous Iron ; it has a high lustre, and is contorted. (C.) 
 FLuate of Lime, emerald green, near. (Sil. 4.188.) 
 
 NORWICH. 
 
 Beryl, about half a m. W. from Pitcher's bridge, near a mass 
 
 of white rocks, to be seen from the bridge. At those rocks 
 Prismatic- and Tabular JMica occurs, extremely abundant and 
 
 very beautiful. Those rocks, which are a coarse granite, 
 
 contain also 
 Schorl, (Indicolite ?) in abundance. (Sil. 7.255.) in 9 sided 
 
 prisms. (Sil. 8.42.) 
 
 OAKHAM. 
 
 Adularia, very beautiful, occurring in large masses in a coarse 
 
 grained granite. (C. U. Shepard.) 
 Garnet, scarce, 15 m. N. N. W. from Worcester. 
 Bog Iron Ore, abundant. (W. Lincoln.) 
 Hornblende. (C. C. Baldwin.} 
 
 ORANGE. 
 
 Schorl, abundant. (Sil. 1.114.) 
 
 PAXTON. 
 
 Tourmaline. (Sil. 7.55.J 
 
MASSACHUSSTTS. 65 
 
 PELHAM. 
 
 Ligniform Jlsbestus. (C.) 
 
 Schorl, abundant. (SiL 1.114.) It is in large masses, not 
 
 regularly crystallized, but exhibiting a crystalline tendency. 
 Blqck Mica, 
 Green Hornblende, 
 flctynolite, in asbestus, and likewise a granular variety of tbe 
 
 same mineral, in large masses. 
 Plasma ?* leek green, with occasionally small, whitish dots. 
 
 It is translucent, 'discovered in digging a cellar, a rounded 
 mass, upwards of 2 feet in diameter. (Sil. 8.235.) 
 Epidote. (Sti. hi 14.) finely crystallized. (Sil. 8.235.) 
 
 PEMBROKE. 
 
 Blue Quartz, In amorphous masses. (Sil. 6.247.) 
 
 PITTSFIELD. 
 
 Granular Limestone. That which furnishes the 
 
 Marble, is associated with mica slate, and other primitive 
 rocks. 
 
 Flexible Marble. 
 
 Marl, on the border of a pond^ containing small shells, 
 
 Staurotide, associated with 
 
 Garnets, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron. (C.) 
 
 Ferruginous Quartz, yellow, or red tinged with yellow, amor- 
 phous, and crystallized, (Sil. 7.252.) forming a considera- 
 ble rock, composed almost entirely of small crystals. (Sil. 
 8.38.) 
 
 Hornsione, well characterized. 
 
 Jasper, grey or bluish ; sometimes recL 
 
 Black Tourmaline, at Washington, near Pittsfield. (Sil. 
 7.252.) 
 
 Hornblende, black, well crystallized at Washington, near Pitts- 
 field. (Sil. 7.253.) 
 
 Carbonate of Soda, in a spring. (Sil. 8.32.) 
 
 Magnesian Carbonate of Lime ; most of the limestone in this 
 town is of this variety, coarse and fine granular, white and 
 grey, foliated fracture. (Sil. 8.34.) 
 
 Dolomite. (Sil. 8.35.) 
 
 * Recently ascertained to be the Hornstein ecailleux of Brochant. (.U. 8\} 
 9 
 
66 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Tremolite; bladed crystals are sparingly found. (Si7.8.46.) 
 Peat ; a bed of vegetable matter, approaching this substance 
 
 under the bed of marl. (Sil. 8.54.) 
 Oxide of Manganese, radiated, in distinct, 4 sided prisms, in 
 
 a loose mass of the compact variety. (Sil. 8.57.) 
 
 PLAINFIELD. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, fine crystals. 
 
 Rose Red Quartz, generally in detached masses, sometimes 
 in mica slate. 
 
 Milky Quartz, often in large masses. 
 
 Cyanite, of a delicate blue. 
 
 Garnet, in rhombic dodecaedrons. (C.) 
 
 Black Tourmaline, well crystallized in quartz. (Sil. 4.55.) 
 
 Porcelain Clay. Sil. 5.270.) 
 
 Hornblende, in gneiss. 
 
 Irised Quartz. (SiL 5.271.) 
 
 Smoky Quartz, amorphous. (SiL 6.213.) 
 
 Staurotide, in abundance. (SiL 6.219.) 
 
 Faciculite. Fibrous hornblende in mica slate, and talco-mica- 
 ceous slate. (SiL 6.226.) 3 
 
 Made ? abundant in mica slate. (SiL 6.227.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, disseminated in limpid quartz. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in small octaedrons in mica slate and 
 gneiss. (Sil. 6.232.) 
 
 Arenaceous Quartz, often in large masses. 
 
 Greasy Quartz. (SiL 6.247.) 
 
 Green Mica. 
 
 Black Mica, associated with garnets. 
 
 Serpentine, in loose masses. 
 
 Chlorite, abundant, and extremely beautiful. (SiL 6.248.) 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, abundant. (SU. 7.253.) There are two 
 localities of this ore, at both of which it occurs in great 
 abundance and of excellent quality. (J. Porter.) 
 
 Laminated Quartz, well characterized; it occurs both of the 
 milky and smoky varieties. '(SiL 8.233.) 
 
 Fetid Limestone, in loose masses, dark colored, scintillating, 
 and very fetid. 
 
 Blue Quartz, of a good color, in amorphous masses. 
 
 Epidote, both crystallized and granular. 
 
 Cummingtonite, of Prof. Dewey, in large quantities ; it is per- 
 fectly well characterized, many of the specimens being ele- 
 gant, and even superb. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 67 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in small cubic crystals, in arenaceous 
 
 quartz. 
 Carbonate of Iron, beautifully crystallized in rhombs, which 
 
 are nearly white, have a shining surface, and are frequently 
 
 curved, or undulated. 
 Siliceous Oxide of Manganese, in large quantities ; it is of a 
 
 light, but very lively rose red color, and takes a fine polish ; 
 
 associated with the grey oxide, and around both, the black 
 
 oxide commonly forms an envelope. (/. Porter.) 
 
 PLYMOUTH. 
 
 Nodular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, near. 
 . Earthy Phosphate of Iron, near. (C.) 
 
 POWNAL. 
 
 Muminous Slate, in 
 
 Clay Slate, 5 m. N. at the base of a hill E. of the Hoosack. 
 
 (Sil. 1.342.) 
 Sulphuret of Iron, m the side of a hill. (Sil. 8.55.) 
 
 QU1NCY. 
 
 Clay Slate, forming hills ; much quarried. 
 
 Novaculite, in beds, in argillite, into which it passes. (Daw a.) 
 
 READING, 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in rolled masses of granite. (Dana.) 
 
 REHOBOTH. 
 
 Yellow Ochre, abundant, near a spring on Asa Bliss' farm, 
 | a m. E. of Palmer's river. (Bliss.) 
 
 RICHMOND. 
 
 Gibbsite, in a neglected mine of 
 
 Brown Hematite of Iron. (C.) 
 
 White Granular Limestone. 
 
 Iron Ore. (Sil. 5.21.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in large crystals. (Sil. 8.55.J 
 
 Earthy Oxide of Manganese, with gibbsite. (Sil. 8.57.) 
 
 ROWE. 
 
 Common Talc. (Sil 6.228.) 
 
6S MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Hhomb Spar, in 
 Steatite. 
 
 Epidote, granular, in hornblende rocks. 
 slctynolite, in flattened 4 sided prisms, in talc and chlorite. 
 Chlorite, scaly, in large masses. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in octaedral crystals in mica slate* 
 (H. M. Wells.) 
 
 ROXBURY. 
 
 Petrosilcoc, in rolled masses and fragments in alluvial soil- 
 (Dana.) 
 
 ROYALSTON. 
 
 Tourmaline. (C. C. Baldwin.) 
 
 RUSSEL. 
 
 Serpentine, a vein or quarry between this and Westfield ; also 
 a mountain of it about 20 m. distant, handsome. (SiL 
 3.238, & 8.49.) 
 
 SAUGUS. 
 
 Red Jasper, a large mass, very fine, S. easterly of the m. h. on 
 the declivity, near Saugus river. Much of it has yellovr 
 stripes. (J. W. *F.): 
 
 SAVOY. 
 
 Steatite. (C.) 
 
 Mica, dark colored. The layers separate surprisingly on be- 
 ing heated. (5*7. 6.248.) 
 
 Talc, brownish or dark gray, in a narrow stratum, which ex- 
 foliates even in the flame of a candle ; swelling into a large 
 mass, and winding about in a curious manner. (Sil. 8.50.) 
 
 Porcelain Clay, in a bed three feet deep, and of unknown ex- 
 tent, several feet below the surface, connected with mica 
 slate. (&7.S.53.) 
 
 SEEKONK. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, f of a m. from India bridge, Providence, 
 massive in a vein of quartz, traversing sienite or granite. 
 Deep purple Chlorophane ; rare. (C.) 
 
 White Quartz, massive and crystallized ; abundant and good 
 specimens in veins in greywacke, 1 m. eastwardly from the 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 69 
 
 old meetinghouse, on the left of the road by the central 
 factory ; also I m. farther E. on the farm of Daniel Car- 
 penter, deceased. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, crystallized, rare. 
 
 Blue Quartz, colored by chlorite, and 
 
 Chlorite, on white quartz, same place. 
 
 Shale, and 
 
 Anthracite were found, at Hunt's factory, f of a m. S. from 
 the old meetinghouse. 
 
 Peat, abundant, on Dr. Hutchins' land. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore, on the left of the middle road, (5 m.) from 
 Providence to Warren, on Dr. Hutchins' farm ; also on the 
 farm called the Peck place, S. adjoining ; and on Mr. Pe- 
 ter Wheaton's land, abundant. 
 
 SHARON. 
 Lenticular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in a pond. (C.) 
 
 SHEFFIELD. 
 
 Granular Limestone. Marble annually quarried in this town 
 to the amount of $8.000 ; white and clouded. 
 
 Dolomite, containing tremolite. 
 
 Staurotide, in well defined crystals, with 
 
 Garnets, in mica slate. 
 
 Tremolite, in parallel, diverging, and stellated fibres ; some of 
 its fibres are 2 feet long. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese. (C.) On both sides of a rivulet, de- 
 scending from a large mountain on the E. side of the town, 
 (8*7.4.189.) 
 
 Fetid J\iagnesian Carbonate oj Lime, a new variety. (Sil. 
 8.34.) 
 
 Baikalite ? on the dolomite. (Sil. 8.47.) 
 
 Bog Iron Ore is found occasionally in some quantity. (Sil. 
 8.56.) 
 
 Clay Slate, in place in the W. part of the town. (Sil. 8.259.) 
 
 Mum, abundant, found by E. W. Cleaveland, Esq. Pounds 
 of it can easily be collected in as nearly a pure state as that 
 of commerce. 
 
 Black Schorl. (Charles JL. Lee.) 
 
 SHELBURNK. 
 
 Radiated Quartz. (Sil. 1.112.) 
 
70 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Garnets. 
 
 Sulphur, pulverulent ; small quantities in mica slate. (Sit. 
 
 1.114.) 
 
 Scapolite ? (Sil. 6.225.) 
 Fibrous Hornblende, in large and broad fibres or lamellae in 
 
 mica slate. (Sti. 6.226.) 
 Serpentine, in rolled masses. (Sil. 6.227.) 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in octaedrons, in mica slate and 
 
 gneiss. (Sil. 6.232.) 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, (Sil. 1.115.) in veins of quartz, in 
 
 mica slate. (Sil. 6.236.) 
 
 SHUTESBURY. 
 
 Sulphur et of Molibdena, in foliated masses and 6 sided tables, 
 sometimes an inch long, in a vein traversing a granitic rock. 
 (C.) Near Northampton, E. of Con. river, on William 
 Eaton's land, an interesting locality, remarkably beautiful, 
 and abundant. (Sit. 1.238.) 
 
 Talc, and 
 
 Chlorite. (Sil. 1. 1 13.) 
 
 Common Schorl ; abundant. 
 
 Jlctynolite, in gneiss. 
 
 Epidote, (Sil. 1.114.) in small crystals in gneiss. (Sil. 6.223.) 
 
 Staurotide; abundant. (Sil. 6.219.) 
 
 Lamellar Hornblende, green, in gneiss. (Sil. 6.226.,} 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in octaedrons in gneiss and mica 
 slate. (Sil. 6.232.) 
 
 SOUTH BROOKFIELD. 
 
 Precious Garnet, or pyrope, abundant in gneiss. (Sil. 7.30.) 
 
 SOUTH HADLEY. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Jet, in the coal formation. 
 
 Sulphuret of Antimony, near. (C.) 
 
 SOUTHHAMPTON. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, in veins of galena, 8 m. S. W. from 
 
 Northampton. 
 
 Rhomb Spar, in veins of galena, traversing granite. 
 Fluate of Lime, in sulphate of barytes and granite, associated 
 
 with galena, quartz, &c. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 71 
 
 Radiated Quartz, at the lead mine, often constituting the 
 gangue of the ores. 
 
 Quartz Crystallized, in the cavities of that which forms the 
 gangue of the ores ; sometimes large, and often extremely 
 beautiful. 
 
 Adularia, in the same granite which contains galena; white, 
 with a slight tinge of yellow, green, or blue. 
 
 Talc, with sulphate of barytes. 
 
 Steatite, at the lead mine, green, compact, and soft. 
 
 Pyritous Copper, either disseminated or exists in a vein, irt 
 the lead mine. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in a vein traversing granite, or other prim- 
 itive rocks, 6 or 8 feet in diameter, and extends at least 20 
 miles, from Montgomery to Hatfield. The bulk of this 
 vein is quartz, in which the ore is disseminated in masses. 
 The same vein contains the 
 
 Sulphate of Lead, 
 
 Molybdaie of Lead, 
 
 Carbonated Muriate of Lead, in groups of green crystals on 
 
 ' galena ; also 
 
 Phosphate of Lead, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc ; both massive and finely crystallized. (C.) 
 
 Serpentine, 723 feet in the lead mine drift ; also about 10 m. 
 S. near the line between Westfield and Russel, 4 W. from 
 Westfield Academy, in a granitic hill. (Sil. 1J37.) 
 
 tioapstone ; beautiful green, 670 feet in the lead mine drift. 
 
 Coal, a stratum 480 feet in the drift. (Sil. 1.138.) 
 
 Yellow Quartz, in crystals resembling the Siberian topaz, at 
 the lead mine. (Sil 6.213.) 
 
 Argentine, on very compact granite at the lead mine, and is 
 also associated with 
 
 Fetid Quartz, which is found in small masses in it, and upon 
 it. (Sil. 6.333.) This is the best locality of argentine in 
 the U. States. (Sil. 7.248.) 
 
 Agate, on which are quartz crystals. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD. X 
 
 Pisolite 6 * in large quantities, on Chicopee river. (Sil. 2.238.) 
 Sulphur et of Lead ? 
 
 STERLING. 
 
 Made occurs abundantly in a dark bluish 
 
72 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Clay Slate. 
 
 Spodumene exists abundantly in a granitic rock, composed 
 principally of hyaline quartz and mica, the spodumene sup- 
 plying the place of feldspar, ( J. A. JV. S. P. 3.235.J on 
 Mr. Putman's farm. (Sil. 8.120.) This mineral is very 
 abundant, in a compound rock of perhaps 30 tons, consist- 
 ing of Quartz, mica, and spodumene, and 
 
 Siliceous Feldspar, in small quantity. (J. W. W. 1.600.) 
 
 Stavrotide, not abundant. 
 
 Carbonate of Iron, abundant. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, not abundant. 
 
 Sulphuret of Copper, rare. { W. Lincoln.) 
 
 STOCKBRIDGE. 
 
 Dolomite. 
 
 Fetid Carbonate of Lime, associated with primitive rocks, al- 
 most white, in large plates and rhombs, or in detached mass- 
 es, sometimes connected with calcareous spar not fetid. (C.) 
 
 Laminated Calcareous Spar* in granular limestone. (Sil. 8.33.) 
 
 Magnesian Carbonate of Lime ; most of the limestone of this 
 town is of this variety ; coarse and fine granular, white and 
 grey, foliated fracture. (Sil. 8.34.) 
 
 Smoky Quartz, in hexaedral crystals. (Sil. 8.37.) 
 
 STONEHAM. 
 
 JUarlle, compact, highly crystalline ; snow white. 
 
 Hornstone. 
 
 Saus surite ? 
 
 Tremolite, and 
 
 Green Mochorite, (J . W. W. 1.05,& 96.) 12 m. from Boston. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in rolled masses of granite. (Dana.) 
 
 STOW. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, in distinct crystals, in rolled masses of 
 
 coarse granite. 
 Beryl, and a little 
 Tourmaline is contained in some of the granite. (J. W. IV. 
 
 J.600.) 
 
 STURBRIDGE. 
 
 Mularia. (C.) 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 73 
 
 SUNDERLAND. 
 
 Chalcedony, in greenstone. (Sil 6.21 6.J 
 
 Hornstone, in narrow veins, in greenstone, well characterized. 
 (Sil. 6.218.) 
 
 Lamellar Hornblende, black, good specimens. (Sil. 6.226.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in 
 
 Bituminous Shale. (Sil. 6.232.) 
 
 Satin Spar, in bituminous shale, with ichthyolites, in abund- 
 ance. (Sil. 6.236.) 
 
 TEMPLETON. 
 
 JLdularia. 
 
 Yellow Earth. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron. (C. C. Baldwin.) 
 
 TOPSFIELD. 
 
 Basanite. (C.) 
 
 TYRINGHAM. 
 
 Sulphur, pulverulent, in mica slate. (Sil. 8.54.) 
 Sulphate of Iron, in a loose earth near the Shaker village. 
 (Sil. 8.56.) 
 
 UXBRIDGE. 
 
 Peat, S. E. part of the town, abundant. 
 
 WALTHAM. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, the laminated variety in greenstone and 
 Clay Slate. (C.) 
 
 WARE. ^ 
 
 Native Alum, in mica slate. (Sil. 8.235.) 
 
 WARWICK. 
 
 Sulphur, pulverulent, in small quantities in mica slate. (Sil. 
 
 1.114.) 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, in veins, which have been wrought to 
 
 a small extent. (Sil. 1.115.) 
 Bog Iron Ore. (Sil. 1.436.; 
 10 
 
74 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 WATERTOWN. 
 
 Prehnite. (C.) 
 
 Laminated Calcareous Spar, in 
 
 Clay Slate, and greenstone. 
 
 Common Hornblende in rounded masses. (Dana.) 
 
 WESTBOROUGH. 
 
 Amethystine Quartz, regularly crystallized, rare. (W.Lincoln.) 
 
 WEST BROOKFIELD. 
 
 Precious Garnet, or pyropet abundant in gneiss. (Sil. 7.30,) 
 
 WEST CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 Prase. It appears to be colored by epidote. (C.) 
 Petrosilex, in rolled masses, in alluvial soil. 
 Garnet, in rounded masses of granite. 
 Common Hornblende, in rounded masses. (Dana.} 
 
 WESTFIELD. 
 
 Serpentine, in granite ; it is hard, and sometimes associated 
 
 with 
 
 Talc. (C.) See Southampton, serpentine ; also (Sil. 3.238.) 
 Sulphur et of Iron, compact and amorphous in 
 Bituminous Shale. (SiL 6.232.) 
 Nephrite, on Westfield river, rare. (Sil. 8.43.) 
 
 WESTFORD. 
 
 Indurated Talc. (C.) 
 
 WEST SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 Adularia. (C.) 
 
 Fibrous Hornblende, in veins, in fine red sandstone. (Sil. 
 
 8.33.) 
 
 Amethyst, in trap rocks. (Sil. 8.38.) 
 Prehnite, in secondary greenstone, in radiated masses. (Sil. 
 
 8.45.) 
 
 Brown Spar, associated with amethyst. (Sil. 8.235.) 
 Flint, in V ' 
 
 Bituminous Shale, of the coal formation on the bank of Aga- 
 
 wam river. (Sil. 8.245.J 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 75 
 
 WEST STOCKBRIDGE. 
 
 Granular Limestone ; that which furnishes the marble wrought 
 in this county is associated with mica slate, and other prim- 
 itive rocks. The marble is white, but more frequently 
 clouded. Amount of marble annually obtained from this 
 town, may be estimated at from $25,000 to $30,000. 
 
 Flexible .Marble. 
 
 Milky Quartz, in veins, traversing 
 
 Clay Slate, and containing 
 
 Chlorite. (C.) 
 
 Laminated Calcareous Spar, in granular limestone. 
 
 Agaric Mineral, in a cavern, in small quantity. (SiL 833.J 
 
 Compact Oxide of Manganese. (Si7.8.57.) 
 
 WHATELY. 
 
 Radiated Quartz, forming a part of the gangue of galena. (C.) 
 Sulphuret of Lead, (SiL 1.115.) a vein in the N. W. part of 
 the town, in a gangue of radiated, and common quartz, 
 in granite. (SiL 6.204.) 
 
 Native Copper, in geest, on the limit, between the primitive 
 and alluvial -soil, and about 5 m. from secondary green- 
 stone, or the coal formation. (SiL 6.230.) 
 
 WILLIAMSBURG. 
 
 Rose Red Quartz, generally in detached masses, sometimes 
 in mica slate. 
 
 Chlorite Slate, near, in the Taconick range, with 
 
 Argillaceous Slate, and talcose slate. (C.) 
 
 Mica, straw yellow, sometimes rose red ; it exists in excess 
 in granitic veins. (SiL 6.220.J 
 
 Prismatic Mica ; good specimens may be obtained in the N. 
 part of the town, in granite. (SiL 7.30.) 
 
 Argentine, in large masses, fine and abundant. (SiL 7.249, & 
 8.34.; 
 
 Plumose Mica, (SiL 8.41.) abundant in granite. 
 
 Quartz, a singular variety. " It has the form of hog tooth spar, 
 incrusted with very minute crystals of quartz ; but on break- 
 ing it, is found to be hollow, with larger crystals at its base ; 
 or, in some few instances, it is entirely filled up with semi" 
 crystallized quartz." 
 
 Epidote, in quartz, remarkably beautiful. (J. Porter.) 
 
76 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 WILLIAMSTOWN. 
 
 Crystallized Magnesian Carbonate of Lime, on 
 
 Compact Limestone ; (C.) primitive? at Westbrook. (Sil. 
 
 1.343.) 
 Dolomite. 
 
 Granular Quartz, at Stone hill ; it forms perpendicular banks 
 50 to 100 feet high, and is covered by argillite. It is white 
 and translucent, or colored by iron. (Sil. 1.342.) 
 Slaty Chlorite, near, in the Taconick range, with 
 Clay Slate, and talcose slate. 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in octaedrons, in mica slate, (C.) at 
 
 the base of Stone hill. 
 Limpid Quaitz, crystallized. 
 Rose Quartz ; one specimen. 
 Greasy Quartz. (Sil. 1.341.) 
 Carbonate of Soda. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, in rhomboidal, and in lenticular crystals, 
 on granular limestone, at the N. and W. base of Saddle 
 mountain. 
 
 Talc, in veins in compact limestone, near the College. 
 Chlorite, in rounded masses ; generally with quartz, scattered 
 
 through the valley, (toil. 1.342 ) 
 
 Calcareous Spar, Crystallized, on scattered fragments of lime- 
 stone, on Green river, with pieces of white 
 Feldspar. 
 Jasper, brown, or red, black, and striped, in small, rounded 
 
 masses. 
 Black Tourmaline, handsome, in scattered pieces of mica 
 
 slate, at the base of Stone hill. 
 Amianthus : one specimen attached to argillite. 
 Soap Stone, coarse, in the limestone, near the College. 
 Yellow Earth, from which yellow ochre is obtained, in great 
 quantity in a hill, on the bank of Green river. 2 m. S.o f 
 the College. 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in veins of quartz in grey limestone, on 
 
 West brook. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore, on the Hoosack, a mile S. E. of the College. 
 Sulphuret of Lead ; a specimen in limestone, at West brook. 
 
 (Sil. 1.343.) 
 
 Potter's Clay, excellent for common pottery. 
 Reddle, connected with yellow earth, at the north end of Sad- 
 dle mountain, but low down. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 77 
 
 Supersulphuret of Iron, massive, and crystallized, in argilla- 
 ceous slate, mica slate, compact limestone, and quartz. 
 (Sil. 1.344.) 
 
 Prase. See Florida. 
 
 Calcareous Tufa. 
 
 Siliceous Limestone. 
 
 Marl. 
 
 Fetid Quartz, very fetid. (Sil 5.268.) 
 
 ActynoUte. (Sil. 5.269.) 
 
 Fetid Carbonate of Lime, dark colored, fine grained, very fe- 
 tid. (Sil. 8.35.) 
 
 Basanite, in rolled pieces. (Sil 8.41.) 
 
 Indurated Talc, .in the limestone, near Williams College, 
 brown, or grey. (Si7. 8.51.) 
 
 Chlorite, compact, associated with quartz ; very abundant. 
 
 Graphic Slate, in small quantity, with argillite. (Sil 8.52.) 
 
 WINCHENDON. 
 
 Limpid Quartz. (C. C. Baldwin.) 
 
 WINDSOR. 
 
 Jlsbestus, adhering to a large mass of 
 
 dctynolite, near the Cummington soapstone quarry. (Sil 
 6.248.) It is found in the N. part of the town, in large, 
 and elegant crystals, with shining surfaces, which occur in 
 fascicular or radiated groups, or are confusedly intermixed. 
 ( J. Porter.) 
 
 Serpentine, in the N. W. part of the town. (Sil. 8.50.) 
 
 Steatite, very fine, from which inkstands are wrought. 
 
 Potstone. (Sil 8.51.) 
 
 Epidote, in prismatic crystals in quartz ; also granular in horn- 
 blende rocks. 
 
 Talc. (H. M. Wells.) 
 
 Blue Quartz, of a good color, in amorphous masses. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in octaedral crystals, in 
 
 Chlorite, with actynolite. (/. Porter.) 
 
 WOBURN. ^ 
 Pyritous Copper, with 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in a vein, traversing greenstone. 
 Muriate of Copper, in plates, and small tuberous masses in- 
 vesting pyritous copper. (C.) 
 
78 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in 
 Sulphuret of Copper. 
 Nodular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in alluvial soil. (Dana.) 
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 Graphite*? and 
 
 Anthracite, approaching graphite, (C.) E. of the village. Ma- 
 ny tons of this have been ground, and sold for black lead. 
 
 Idocrase, accompanied by small, pale green crystals of 
 
 Pyroxene, and beautiful, small 
 
 Garnets, of a wine yellow color, in rhomboidal dodecaedrons. 
 (Sil 7.50.) 
 
 Brown Talc, or vermiculite, mentioned in (Sil. 7.55.) See 
 Milbury. It has not been found in this town. 
 
 Hornstone, scarce. Idocrase is not abundant. 
 
 Jltbvstus, and 
 
 Amianthus, scarce, in the anthracite, which is abundant. 
 
 Carbonate of Iron, abundant. 
 
 Arsenical Sulphuret of Iron. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead , scarce. (W. Lincoln.) 
 
 WOKTHINGTON. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, imbedded in a white quartz, which 
 
 is said to occur in hornblende slate. (C.) 
 Graphite. (Sil. 6.248.) 
 
 Ferruginous Quartz, often crystallized. (-Si7. 7.252.) 
 Beryl, very large, fine crystals, sometimes whitish, in granite. 
 
 (Sil. 8.43.) 
 
 Epidote, upon hornblende rocks. 
 Idocrase. (Sil. 8.44 ) 
 Serpentine. (Sil. 8.49.) 
 Steatite, fine, or potstone. (Sil. 8.51.) 
 Hyalite, or stalactical quartz. 
 Blue Jasper, on the margin of a brook. (J. Porter.) 
 
 ZOAR. ^X 
 
 Asbestus, the ligniform variety is abundant in 
 Serpentine, on the bank of Deerfield river. 
 Talc, in veins in serpentine. 
 Chlorite, abundant, containing 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in octaedral crystals. (H. M. Wdls. 
 
79 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 BLOCK ISLAND. See NEW SHOREHAM. 
 BRISTOL. 
 
 Amethyst, crystallized, in decomposing granite, about 2 m. S. 
 S. E. from Bristol village, and of a m. from Bristol ferry 
 landing, on the shore of Mount Hope bay ; abundant. 
 
 Sulphuret oj Iron, cubic crystals in argillite. (Sil. 8. 199.) Two 
 boys have obtained, in all, they suppose, about 3 pecks of 
 amethysts, by excavating this ledge, where the granite "had 
 much decomposed ; some of their drifts are several feet in. 
 length, above the middle of the ledge ; but they obtained 
 most of them in one place. A few specimens were found 
 on the shore at low water, which led to the discovery of this 
 important locality. The feldspar, in a decomposing state, 
 is found adhering, more or less, to all the crystals. 
 
 Common Quartz, amorphous and crystallized, at Mount Hope. 
 
 Milky Quartz, in rolled fragments, on the E. shore of Po- 
 pasquash island, VV. of Bristol ; good specimens. 
 
 dgate, coarse, consisting of red jasper, and quartz, and 
 
 Shale, in rolled masses, with vegetable impressions; abund- 
 ant on the S. E. shore of the same island. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand ; same shore. (Prof. De Wolf.) 
 
 Clay Slate, and shale, with vegetable impressions, on the W. 
 shore of same island. (Stephens.) 
 
 BURRELLVILLE. 
 
 Quartz geodes, with small crystals, limpid and opaque, some- 
 times laminated, with drusy, opaque crystals, and 
 
 Chalcedony, mammillary, pale blue, on quartz, rare, 10 m. N. 
 VV. from Woonsoket, on Mr. Salisbury's land. 
 
 COVENTRY. 
 
 Schorl 
 
 Limpid Quartz, connected with 
 Tabular Quartz, in gneiss. 
 Black Mica, in gneiss. 
 
80 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Green Tremolite, imbedded in an aggregate of 
 Talc, of a dark green color, and granular quartz, in the N. W. 
 part of the town, f of a m. S. W. of Blanchard's mill. 
 
 CRANSTON. 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron, (mentioned by Cleaveland, 
 as existing at Scituate,) at the " Ore beds." (Eddy.) 
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 
 Quartz, 12 m. from Providence, " Diamond hill" is compos- 
 ed, in a great measure, of quartz, often crystallized ; (C.) 
 some large crystals have been found in alluvial soil, and one 
 amorphous, limpid piece, 3 or 4 inches in diameter, was 
 found near Diamond hill. 
 
 Jasper, at Diamond hill, with primitive rocks ; (C.) principal- 
 ly red, sometimes green, connected with quartz. 
 
 Epidote, on Tower hill, both massive and crystallized, in 
 quartz. (C.) Fine specimens have been obtained in de- 
 tached masses in stone walls about u Cumberland hill ;" al- 
 so about | a m. N. N. W. from Cumberland m. h. on the 
 left of the road, at an old iron mine hole; and on Ziba 
 Ballou's land, by blasting ; also about a m. N. E. from the 
 m. h. on George Mason's farm, at an old mine hole, in 
 beautiful, hexagonal prisms, on chlorite slate, and connect- 
 ed with crystallized hornbleade, superb specimens ; also at 
 a mine hole, southerly, in the same field, in acicular, pale 
 yellow crystals, and arenaceous, associated with crystallized 
 hornblende, which is sometimes radiated, forming elegant 
 specimens; also 1 m. E. from the m. h. E. of the yenite 
 locality, on the side of a hill, N. of the road ; color brown, 
 in quartz. Good specimens are now scarce. 
 
 Tremolite, on Tower hill ; it is green, of different shades, and 
 associated with actynolite. (C.) The writer has never seen 
 any green tremolite from Cumberland. 
 
 Red Hematite, on Diamond hill ; it is botryoidal, mammilla- 
 ry, &c. (C.) 
 
 Crystallized Hornblende, and 
 
 Native Magnet, in considerable quantity, about a m. from 
 Tower hill. (Sil. 4.285.) It is found in small fragments, at 
 Cumberland hill, about \ a m. N. N. W. from the m. h. on 
 the left of the Wrentham road, on a hill, at an ancient iron 
 
RHODE ISLAND. 81 
 
 mine hole. The hornblende at this locality was immedi- 
 ately exhausted ; many superb specimens have lately been 
 obtained at the two mine holes, above described, with epi- 
 dote ; these specimens were covered by the earth, thrown 
 out many years since 
 
 Fluate of Lime, about 1 m. from Diamond hill, on the road 
 towards Wrentham, in veins of quartz, traversing a granitic 
 or sienitic rock. It is found at a number of different pla- 
 ces ; colors, purple, blue of various shades, blue with a 
 tinge of green, and white. {Sil 754.) All the fluor spar 
 found in this town, including the white, does not decrepi- 
 tate, but shines with an emerald- green light, when heated, 
 and is of the variety called 
 
 Chlorophane. It is usually found in small amorphous mass- 
 es, but sometimes crystallized. 
 
 Yenite, crystallized and amorphous. (A. L. JV. H. JV. Y. 
 1.51.) & (Sil 7.251.) This is found about 1 m. E. of the 
 m. h. by the side of the road, by Fenner Brown's, on the 
 left, among fragments of rock, and on the right, where the 
 ledge has been excavated at some former period, in greasy- 
 quartz, and associated with actynolite, brown spar, calcare- 
 ous spar, &c. Some of it is whitish, and some of it red- 
 dish, and interspersed in an amorphous state in a reddish 
 mineral, approaching the siliceous oxide of manganese. 
 (Troost.) 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, i of a m. W. of the yenite locality, on the 
 S. of the road ; abundant. 
 
 'Brown Spar, associated with yenite. 
 
 Marl, a bed covering the bottom of a pond, on Mr. Jesse 
 Brown's farm. 
 
 Smoky Quartz in small veins, in different parts of the town. 
 
 Greasy Quartz, at the yenite locality, fine specimens ; some 
 of it is traversed by acicular actynolite, forming beautiful 
 specimens. 
 
 Radiated' Quartz, on Diamond hill, which is about 31 m. N. 
 E. of the m. h. ; and also on the banks of the Blackstone 
 river. 
 
 Granular Quartz, W. of the m. h. near the Blackstone. 
 
 Amethyst ; one water worn crystal has been found in Black- 
 stone river, at the ford called Martin's wading place, below 
 Whipple's factory, believed to have been washed several 
 miles from its gangue. 
 II 
 
*2 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Prase, at the yeuite locality, associated with acicular, and as- 
 bestiform actynolite ; abundant. 
 
 Ferruginous Quariz, red, amorphous, in detached masses, in 
 the vicinity of " Cumberland hill,"* which is about 12 m. 
 Northerly of Providence, and crystallized, on Diamond 
 hill ; yellow, amorphous, and crystallized, about 1 m. S. 
 of the m. h. and in several other places. 
 
 Chalcedony ; about 1 m. E. of the m. IK it is found well char- 
 acterized ; in some specimens it appears to be pasting inta 
 t/ ^Common Opal^ and 
 
 Hornstone, well characterized. 
 
 Jlgate; on Diamond hill, some fine specimens have been found. 
 
 Schorl, imperfect crystals have been found in rolled masses 
 of granite. 
 
 Feldspar, crystallized ; some fine specimens have been ob- 
 tained from stone walls ; rare. 
 
 Garnet. The common garnet is found near an ancient " mine 
 hole," on the western declivity of a high hill, E. of Sneerch's 
 pond, about \ a m. N. N. E. of the m. h. It is of a sub- 
 lamular texture, exhibiting, in some of the cavities, a ten- 
 dency to the dodecaedron crystallization, frequently associ- 
 ated with actynolite, and connected with chlorite. Mas- 
 sive garnet, of a brownish red, some of which is crystalliz- 
 ed, may be found E. of the above, in the vicinity of another 
 mine hole ; abundant;, and about \ a m. E. from the last 
 mentioned, in the vicinity of another mine hole, in rhombic 
 dodecaedrons, color yellowish green, on chlorite, some 
 specimens are black, on magnetic iron ore; many beautiful 
 specimens have lately been obtained from this locality. 
 
 Zoisite, l a. m. W. of Diamond hill, beautifully crystallized, 
 in veins of quartz. The crystals resemble Sillimanite, but 
 are more brilliant; not abundant. 
 
 Skorza ; handsome specimens of arenaceous epidote, some- 
 times connected with hornblende, beautifully crystallized, 
 were found in abundance, about 1 m. easterly from the 
 m. h. on Geo. Mason's land, under the earth, &c. which was 
 thrown from an ancient mine hole. 
 
 Idocrase ? at the mine hole, on Geo. Mason's land, and near 
 
 Sneerch's pond. 
 
 Tremolite, near the mine hole, on the side of the hill, east of 
 Sneereh's pond, and in a field S. of the road leading to, and 
 
 * " Cumberland Hill" includes the Meetinghouse, Bank, Post Office, and 
 vicinity. 
 
RHODE ISLAND. 85 
 
 W. of, the yenite locality, in carbonate of lime ; abundant. 
 
 Amianthus, associated with epidote in quartz, and in the an- 
 thracite of this town, sometimes found adhering to the sur- 
 face of rocks ; much was formerly obtained at the mine 
 hole near Sneerch's pond. A considerable quantity was 
 lately found in tufts in the earth and rubbish which was 
 thrown from an ancient mine hole on Geo. Mason's land. 
 
 Hornblende. Superb specimens of crystallized hornblen.de 
 have lately been obtained at two mine holes on Geo. Ma- 
 son's land, about 1 m. E. of the m. h. in abundance: some- 
 times in masses of large aggregated crystals, sometimes in 
 distinct crystals, projecting t or 2 inches from fragments of 
 rock, and sometimes in parallel, diverging, or radiated 
 masses, associated with pure epidote, crystallized, massive, 
 or arenaceous. 
 
 Jlctynolite ; the variety, acicular actynolite, or asbestous acty- 
 nolite of Jameson, is very abundant in this town ; it is found 
 at the yenite locality, associated with greasy quartz, and in 
 distinct masses, in parallel fibres, and sometimes in diverg- 
 ing and radiating groups, presenting knotty -curls. Also at 
 the mine hole near Sneerch's pond, associated with epidote, 
 garnets, &c. and at a mine hole on Geo. Mason's land, in 
 separate masses, and associated with epidote, and in other, 
 places connected with chlorite, &c. 
 
 Steatite, in the western declivity of the hill E. of Sneerch's 
 pond, quality inferior. 
 
 Chlorite is found in quartz^ and sometimes coloring it. 
 
 Chlorite Slate abounds in this town, particularly between the 
 m. h. and Diamond hill. 
 
 Clay Slate occurs in many places ; it may be seen at the 
 Blackstone, W. of the m. h. underlaying a quartz rock. 
 
 Shale, with vegetable impressions, at the anthracite mine. 
 
 Anthracite, about 3 m. N. of Pawtucket, W. of Abbott's run. 
 
 Graphite, with the anthracite, of an impure quality ; it is rath- 
 er anthracite approaching to graphite. 
 
 Peat, on the borders of Sneerch's pond ; also in a meadow \ 
 a m. N. of the m. h. of good quality, and abundant; also 4 
 m. E. of the m. h. on Nathan Comstock's land ; also on 
 Jesse Brown's land, compact. 
 
 Pyrilous Copper, 
 
 Blue Carbonate of Copper, and 
 
 Green Fibrous Carbonate of Copper ^ are found in small quan- 
 tities at five different mine holes, where shafts were sunk 
 
34 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 many years since. On the right of the Wrentham road, 
 before arriving at the first house, on the left of the same 
 road, i a m. from the m h. on an eminence, associated 
 with magnetic oxide of iron, at another excavation. 1 of a 
 m. beyond, at the mine hole, near Sneerch's pond, asso- 
 ciated with magnetic iron, and molybdena, at a mine hole 
 on Geo. Mason's land, and at another on Mr. Levi Tower's 
 land. The specimens are small and poor, being the remains 
 of fragments blasted from 40 to 100 years since. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron , at the mine hole near Sneerch's pond, and 
 about 2 m easterly of the m. h. on Mr. Stephen Joslin's 
 farm, in cubic crystals, in chlorite slate, abundant ; also in 
 the shale at the anthracite mine. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, 2 m. N. N. E. of the m. h. on 
 the left of the Wrentham road, in an immense bed, consti- 
 tuting a hill. Most of this ore is a metalliferous porphy- 
 ry, having crystals of feldspar imbedded in the iron ; it 
 is found in rolled masses S. of the bed, in this town, North 
 Providence, and Providence, and may be seen in most of 
 the stone walls. Magnetic oxide of iron was obtained from 
 most of the mine holes in this town, of which the writer 
 has visited thirteen. Small octaedral crystals are found at 
 the mine hole, near Sneerch's pond, in chlorite, and asso- 
 ciated with common garnet, actynolite, &c. 
 
 Specular. Oxide oj Iron, and 
 
 Micaceous Iron, are sometimes found in detached masses of 
 quartz, with epidote. 
 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron ; a stratum in gravel, 2 m. N. 
 of Pawtucket, on the left bank of the Blackstone. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in veins of quartz, 1 a m. N. W. of Dia- 
 mond hill, rare. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, at the yenite locality, coating the surface 
 of the rock in a perpendicular situation. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, 21 m. N. of Pawtucket, on the left 
 bank of Blackstone, at the foot of a hill, a stratum 6 to 18 
 inches thick in gravel, resting upon the ochrey brown oxide 
 of iron. 
 
 Siliceous Oxide of Manganese, in a gangue of greasy quartz, 
 yenite, actynolite, Sic. at the yenite locality. 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena, associated with magnetic oxide of 
 iron, and sulphuret of iron, at the " mine hole," near 
 $neerch's p;'nd. 
 
RHODE ISLAND. 85 
 
 EAST GREENWICH. 
 
 Milky Quartz, and 
 
 ferruginous Quartz, red, on Potowomut neck, in detached 
 
 fragments; fine specimens. 
 Jlsbestus, in veins, in rounded masses of 
 Graphic '-late, on the shore of the Cove, and on Potowomut 
 
 neck. (W. Greene.) 
 
 FOSTER. 
 
 Cyanite, in a water course on Mr. Blanchand's land 21 J m. 
 S. VV. from Providence ; (Sil 5.403.) rare. 
 
 Yellow Quartz, citrine, on Moosoop river, below Mr. Blan- 
 chard's mill, 2J m. N. of the " Great Chesnut," W. of the 
 road leading from the Great Chesnut to Sterling, in rolled 
 masses, of a gold yellow, semi-translucent, abundant. 
 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, in quartz, with cyanite, &c. 
 
 Garnet, in an aggregate of quartz, cyanite, &c. rare. 
 
 Talc, of a dark green, in masses, and also intermixed with 
 light colored, granular quartz, and imbedding small masses of 
 dark green tremolite, approaching black, forming an aggre- 
 gate which constitutes the bed of Moosoop river, at the cya- 
 nite locality, and for some distance below, and on the right 
 bank. This talcose rock appears in a ledge, near the riv- 
 er W. in detached fragments, f of a m. on the surface, N. 
 W. and | of a m. S. W. of Blanchard's mill. Some of it 
 is compact, its component parts being intimately intermixed, 
 and taking cyanite into its composition, with small garnets. 
 The talc of this rock resembles mica more than any the 
 writer has ever seen ; it is in small, curved lamellae, placed 
 in a longitudinal direction, forming tufts, or so intimately 
 mixed with the quartz as to resemble a compact gneiss, or 
 fine grained granite. 
 
 Green Tremolite, of a dark green, associated with green talc, 
 and in an aggregate of talc and quartz. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, efflorescing in a decomposed rock, on John 
 Foster's land, between the abovementioned road, leading to 
 Sterling, and Blanchard's mill. 
 
 Iron Ore, in rolled masses, and large boulders of greenstone, 
 forming a crust, and penetrating the rock through ; found on- 
 ly on the E. side of Moosoop river, on the right of the road 
 leading from the Great Chesnut to Sterling, 2 m. from the 
 
86 HHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Chesnut, scattere'd over the surface, but most abundant in a 
 hill, about 80 rods from the road, on Samuel Green's land. 
 This ore was worked 50 years ago at the Hope furnace, 
 and is said to have made hollow ware of a superior quality ; 
 abundant. 
 
 JAMESTOWN. 
 
 Quarts, common white, in large beds, and in large veins in 
 grey wacke on the shores of Connanicut island. One mass 
 gives the name of " White Rock Point," on the W. shore. 
 
 Staurotide, with small reddish, and greenish 
 
 Garnets, in micaceous slate, S. W. corner of Arnold Hazard's 
 farm, on the W. shore of Connanicut island, 4J m. from 
 the N. end, and 5| m. from S. end of the island ; abun- 
 dant. 
 
 Hornblende, with garnets, in rolled masses on the island ; rare. 
 
 Clay Slate, on R. H. Watson's farm, and other places ; also 
 
 Shining Argillite, yellowish grey, forming the eastern shore 
 of the island N. of the light house, and near the ferry land- 
 ing, &c. 
 
 Graphite, in quartz, at the staurotide locality. 
 
 JOHNSON. 
 
 Granular Limestone, 
 Dolomite, 
 
 JWagnesian Carbonate of Lime, Crystallized, in steatite. 
 Tremolite, in carbonate of lime, and in steatite. 
 Actynolite, in steatite, 
 Indurated Talc, and 
 
 Steatite, about 4 m. from Providence, and | a m. W. of the 
 road. 
 
 LITTLE COMPTON. 
 
 Clay Slate. (J. Stephens.) 
 
 MIDDLETOWN. 
 
 Common Jlugite, imbedded in talcose slate, forming the east- 
 ern shore of Sechuest point, S. E. part of Middletown. 
 Clay Slate, N. and N. E. part of the town, and elsewhere. 
 
 NEWPORT. 
 
 Graphic Slate t in transition argillite, which accompanies the 
 anthracite. 
 
RHODE ISLAND. 87 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, crystallized in serpentine. (C.) 
 Serpentine, an extensive bed on Brenton's neck, at a place 
 
 called Willow grove, on Thomas Hazard's farm, 1 m. in a 
 
 direct line S. W. from the Episcopal church, S. of the 
 
 rocks of 
 Carbonate of Lime, which lie in the S. of Newport harbour. 
 
 The bed of serpentine extends, perhaps, J of a m. W. to 
 
 the shore. 
 
 Petrosilex, passing into 
 Hornstone ? extending from the bed of serpentine, S. W. to 
 
 the S. shore of the island. 
 Basanite, imbedded in the petrosilex, in different places, and 
 
 more abundant, 2J m. in a direct line S. W. by S. from the 
 
 Episcopal church, on the W. side of Price's creek, 60 rods 
 
 from its mouth. 
 
 jlsbestus, in the serpentine, and with the anthracite. 
 Clay Slate. 
 
 Shale, with vegetable impressions, and 
 Anthracite, li m. S. E. in a direct line from the Episcopal 
 
 church, extending along the shore, S. E. 100 rods, and 
 
 ending; at Taylor's point in a bed of 
 Yellow Ochre, of fine quality. 
 Sulphur et of Iron, in the anthracite. (J. Stephens.) 
 
 NEW SHOREHAM. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand ; abundant. (C.) 
 
 Peat, compact and fibrous ; abundant. {Eddy.) 
 
 NORTH PROVIDENCE. 
 
 Green Talc. (C.) 
 
 Limpid Quartz ; beautiful crystals, on Stephen Brown's farm,. 
 
 near the Douglass turnpike, about 3 m. N. of Providence. 
 Peat, 3. m, N. W. from Providence ; abundant. (Eddy.) 
 Granular Limestone, a bed of good quality in 
 Clay Slate, on Mr. Smith's farm, 4 m. N. W. of Providence. 
 Calcareous Spar, crystallized in the limestone. Also reddish 
 
 white, and bluish white, associated with chlorite, in veins 
 
 of quartz, traversing grey wacke ; Pawtucket. 
 Steatite, 3 m. N. VV. of Providence, on Hezekiah Olney's 
 
 land. 
 Chlorite, in veins of quartz, traversing grey wacke, and grey 
 
 wacke slate, at Pawtucket. 
 
86 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Shale, with vegetable impressions, overlaying 
 Jinthracite, found in the race way, cut for the factory at Val- 
 ley Falls, 2 m. N. of Pawtucket. 
 Sulphuret of Iron, cubic crystals, in the shale. 
 
 PORTSMOUTH. 
 
 Asbestus, in shale and anthracite. 
 
 Clay Slate. 
 
 Shale, with vegetable impressions. 
 
 Graphic Slate. 
 
 Anthracite. All abundant, N. and W. part of the town, 1J m. 
 S. of Bristol ferry, and 9 in. N. from Newport. (J. Ste- 
 phens.) 
 
 PROVIDENCE. 
 
 Fluate of Lime ; narrow veins in grey' wacke, of the variety 
 clorophane, E. of the town ; not abundant. 
 
 Quartz, common, in rolled pieces ; and sometimes are found 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in crystals, in the gravel hills; near. 
 
 Blue Quartz, in rolled masses and fragments, colored by 
 chlorite. 
 
 Milky Quartz, fine specimens, sometimes on the surface, and 
 in the diluvial hills. 
 
 Jasper, fine red, and spotted. One mass, supposed to weigh 
 25 Ib. was found 1J m. N. E. from town ; very fine. 
 
 Epidote. 
 
 Amianthus, in veins in graphic slate. 
 
 Hornblende, common, massive, in large boulders, E. from the 
 town. 
 
 Serpentine, in rolled masses, rare. (Ed.) " Common serpen- 
 tine, in the hill upon which the University stands. Its col- 
 or is brown, with a yellowish cast, and is striped in some 
 parts with a pale black." (Sil. 8.228.) The abovejocality 
 was discovered between 30 and 40 feet below the surface, 
 in digging Mr. John Smith's well, N. of Angell street. 
 Veins of quartz embracing Iron Pyrites were found in a 
 hard kind of rock, passing into this yellowish brown miner- 
 al, which was found in small quantity, and supposed to be 
 serpentine. (W . Greene.) 
 
 Chlorite, earthy, with common quartz. 
 
 Clay Slate, underlaying grey wacke, and near the surface, N. 
 E. from the Episcopal church. 
 
RHODE ISLAND. 89 
 
 Graphic Slate, or black chalk, on Mr. S. Dorr's land, near 
 Benefit street a few feet below the surface, and in rolled 
 masses in the gravel hill, W. of Mill bridge, traversed by 
 veins of amianthus. 
 
 Shale, with vegetable impressions, and 
 
 Anthracite have been found in digging wells. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, and 
 
 Brown Oxide of Iron, in rolled masses of quartz, &c. 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron ; one or 2 fine specimens 
 have been found detached, in the diluvial hills W. of Mill 
 bridge ; also in quartz. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Stone. This singular substance is a porphyry, 
 iron constituting the base, and crystals of feldspar inter- 
 spersed as usual in porphyry ; it is found in rolled masses 
 of various sizes scattered over the surface in this town, and 
 about Cumberland hill ; abundantly. It may be seen, in 
 place, 2 m. from Cumberland m. h. in an immense bed. 
 
 SCITUATE. 
 
 Red Oxide of Iron, abundant near the residence of the late 
 
 Isaac Fisk, on the Plainfield turnpike, about 8 m. from 
 
 Providence. (T. Jl. Greene.) 
 Smoky Quartz, in veins 6 inches wide, in sienite, 12 m. from 
 
 Providence; also in veins in gneiss at the quarry 17m. 
 
 from Providence, and 2 m. southerly from Fish's tavern. 
 Calcareous tfpar, in acute rhombs, interspersed in the group- 
 ed specimens of small, cubic pyrites, and small, black hex- 
 
 aedrons of mica, at the quarry. 
 Mica, crystallized, in small, regular, hexaedral crystals, on 
 
 gneiss, and with pyrites on gneiss, at the quarry ; beautiful 
 
 specimens. 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in very small, cubic crystals, grouped, very 
 
 beautiful ; also in large, cubic crystals on gneiss, at the 
 
 quarry. 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena, in gneiss, at the quarry, a few good 
 
 specimens have been observed. 
 
 SMITHFIELD. 
 
 Granular Limestone occurs in extensive beds, 8 m. W. of N. 
 of Providence; one called the " Dexter rock," i a m. W. 
 of Blackstone river. The other a little more than a m. 
 12 
 
90 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 N. W. from this, and called the " Harris rock."- Marble, 
 white and clouded, has been wrought from these quarries. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in rhombic crystals, regular, and acute, at 
 the Harris rock, and at the Dexter rock, in rhombic crys- 
 tals ; also in 6 sided, short prisms, terminated by 3, 4, and 
 6 sided pyramids, mostly yellowish, many specimens are of 
 a gold color, sometimes white and transparent, frequently 
 intermixed with crystals of quartz ; many specimens ap- 
 pear beautifully frosted ; abundant in veins of the limestone ; 
 Also in veins with quartz, traversing micaceous slate, left 
 bank of Branch river, -| a m. from its mouth. 
 
 Rhomb Spar, in large masses ; sometimes finely crystallized 
 on limestone, in the Harris lime rock. 
 
 Dolomite ; Harris lime rock, and Dexter rock. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, beautiful crystals, lining veins of quartz, 
 which intersect the Dexter rock. The writer has one per- 
 fect crystal 6f inches long, and one inch in diameter. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, in small veins, various places, and more abun- 
 dant 9 m. from Providence, on the road to Chepachet, near 
 Andrew Waterman's tavern, some of which is distinctly 
 
 Tabular, in lamella about of an inch thick, applied to each 
 other by their broader faces, easily separated, and brittle ; 
 some specimens are beautifully Jrised. Calc. Spar, asso- 
 ciated with chlorite, quartz, and mica ; same place. 
 
 Yellow Quartz, crystallized, straw yellow, transparent, in 
 veins in Dexter rock. 
 
 Arenaceous Quartz, on Woonsocket hill. 
 
 Chalcedony has been found 2| m. S. VV. from Cumberland 
 hill, and at the lime rocks ; botryoidal, rare. 
 
 Nephrite, in veins and nodules, in the Harris lime rock. 
 
 Trcmolite, fibrous or earthy, white, by some supposed to be 
 arragonite. Harris rock. 
 
 Asbestus ; Harris rock, rare. 
 
 Ltigniform Asbestus, on Andrew Waterman's land, about one 
 m. northerly from his tavern, which is about 9 m. from 
 Providence, on the road to Chepachet, abundant. 
 
 Fasciculite, 1 m. N. E. from Woonsocket village, on mica 
 slate, rare. 
 
 Serpentine, on Jenks's hill, about 5 m. from Providence, W. 
 of the Smithfield turnpike, in a granitic hill, color dark 
 green, with yellow spots, abundant, and in some other parts 
 of the town, of an inferior quality. 
 
 Talc, silvery white, in masses, and in connexion with rhomb 
 
RHODE ISLAND. 91 
 
 spar, and with limestone, at the Harris rock. Also bo- 
 tryoidal and mammiJlary, on quartz, and on limestone, at 
 the Dexter rock. 
 
 Talciferous Carbonate of Lime, in the Dexter lime rock ; yel- 
 lowish white, slaty, some of which has beautiful dendritic 
 formations in it. 
 
 Green Talc, in veins, in coarse steatite, 
 
 Indurated Talc, 
 
 Chlorite, &c. in the road S. of Mr. B. Mowry's, about ^ a m. 
 W. from Blackstone river, and the " Cumberland mill," or 
 Furnace factory, and a little more than one m. W. from 
 Cumberland hill, beautiful and abundant. 
 
 Steatite, | a m. E. by S. of the Dexter lime rock, near the 
 Blackstone, on Mr. Nathaniel Spalding's land, constituting 
 a considerable hill ; it appears at the surface in several 
 places ; it has never been explored ; some of it appears 
 compact, and of fine quality. 
 
 Clay Slate, at VVoonsocket falls, and on the banks of the 
 Blackstone A vein runs through the Dexter lime rock, 
 and the W. side of the Harris rock is connected with clay 
 slate. 
 
 Peat, 1 rn. W. from Woonsocket village, on Daniel Reming- 
 ton's land, of good quality. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in clay slate, at the Dexter lime rock. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide oj Iron, in detached pieces of quartz. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron ; octaedral crystals in chlorite slate, 
 near the ligniform asbestus ; rare. 
 
 Brown Oxide of Iron. Harris lime rack, &c. rare. 
 
 SOUTH KINGSTON. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand, abundant on Long beach, between 
 Watch hill and Point Judith light, nearly S. from Little 
 Rest. (/. Stephens.) 
 
 WARREN. 
 
 Clay Slate. (J. Stephens.') 
 
 WARWICK. 
 
 Cornelian. The writer found one fine specimen on the shore 
 near Patuxet, in the gravel bank, and 
 
 Shale ; one rolled mass, with ^ne vegetable impressions 5 
 same place. 
 
 Bog Ore, in nodules, on the bottom of Warwick pond ; abun- 
 dant. (Eddy.) 
 
CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Sulphur et of Silver is said to have been found in this state. 
 (C.) 
 
 BERLIN. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, in lamellar rolled pieces in a rivulet, 
 
 (C.) below a mill dam. 
 Amethyst. 
 Prehnitc. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, yellow, with 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead , in a vein, which appears to traverse sand- 
 stone, or greenstone. (C.) 
 Quartz Geodes, in greenstone trap. (Sil. 5.41.) 
 Coal, in greenstone, on either side of a brook, in veins, in 
 
 connexion with 
 Crystallized Quartz. 
 Pyrites; rare. 
 Chlorite, in greenstone. 
 Carbonate of Lime, colorless and crystallized, foliated, and in 
 
 layers of different colors, and textures, i. e. agatized. (Sil. 
 
 5.44.) 
 
 Chalcedony, 
 slgates, and quartz crystals, in the valley of a brook W. of 
 
 the m. h. 
 
 Shale, a bed in a ravine, | a m. S. of the m. h. 
 Zeolite, fibrous and radiated in greenstone, E. of the m. h. 
 
 (Sil. 5.45.) 
 Jet, imbedded with galena in sulphate of barytes, at Morc's 
 
 mills. (Sil. 5.254.) 
 
 BETHLEHEM. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, foliated, granular, and fibrous, or striated. 
 
 Fibrous Tremolite, very, beautiful. (Sil. 1.354.) Beautiful 
 
 graphic granite occurs in this town. (E.) 
 Laminated Feldspar, pearly white in Bethlehem. (Sil. 6.251.) 
 
CONNECTICUT. 93 
 
 BOLTON. 
 
 Staurotlde, at the Notch of the mountain, in large crystals, 
 
 often forming the cross in mica slate, with 
 Garnets. (C.) 
 
 BOZRA. 
 
 Tourmaline, and fine graphic granite. (Sil. 2.240.J 
 Garnet, near the Bozra factory, in granite. (IV. Greene.) 
 
 BRIDGEPORT. 
 
 Octaedral Iron ; large, distinct crystals. (Sil. 5.41.) 
 Hornslone. (H^ll.) 
 
 BRISTOL. 
 
 Native Copper, with the 
 
 Red O^ide of Copper, in a small vein. (C.) 
 
 BROOKFIELD. 
 
 Beryl, in granite. 
 
 Jiugite, white, in 
 
 Dolomite ; (C.) abundant, 1 a m. W. of the village, with as- 
 bestus, serpentine, iron pyrites, &c. 
 
 Chlorite, abundant. 
 
 Magnetic Sulphuret of Iron, in granite, abundant, highly mag- 
 netic, decomposes rapidly in the air, and furnishes excel- 
 lent copperas. 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena. (C.) 
 
 CANAAN. 
 
 Tremolite, abundant in granular limestone. (C.) 
 Sulphuret of Iron, crystallized in tremolite. (Sil. 1.354.) 
 Kaolin, abundant. (&7.8.5S.) 
 Calcareous Tufa, at the falls. (Sil. 8.60.) 
 
 CANTON. 
 
 Actynolite ; brownish green. (C.) 
 
 CHATHAM. 
 
 Rose Red Quartz ; good specimens have been obtained. 
 
 Staurotide, in mica slate. 
 
 Beryl, 1 4 m. N. from Middle Haddam landing, and about \ a 
 
 JTITERSIT 
 
94 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 m. S. W. from the cobalt mine hill, in course grained gra- 
 nite. Some crystals 4 inches in diameter, with 
 
 Schorl. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Arsenical Iron, in the cobalt mine. 
 
 Arsenical Sulphuret of /row, associated with arsenical cobalt. 
 
 Arsenical Nickel, reddish yellow, with a metallic lustre, asso- 
 ciated with arsenical cobalt, in irregular veins, or dissemi- 
 nated in a hornblende rock. 
 
 Arsenical Cobalt, 5 m. S, E. from Middletown, disseminated 
 in a rock composed principally of hornblende and actyno- 
 lite, on the S. side of a hill. 
 
 vlrseniate of Cobalt ; peach blossom red, in crusts, or dissem- 
 inated in feldspar. (C.) 
 
 Garnet, at the cobalt mine, in mica slate ; handsome. (Sil. 
 6.222.) Also about | a m. E. of Middle Haddam Land- 
 ing, in a brook* 
 
 Actynolite, near the bank of the river, opposite the upper fer- 
 ry in Haddam, in an enormous granitic vein, associated 
 with black Schorl, 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, &c. (Sil. G.227.) 
 
 Yenite, resembling hornblende. (Sil. 8.59.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, black jack, connected with arsenical co- 
 balt, in mica slate, &c. at the cobalt mine. 
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, in foliated masses, with quartz, sand- 
 stone, and the carbonates of lime and copper, and other va- 
 rieties of barytes. 
 
 Fibrous Malachite, in small, but good specimens. 
 
 Pyritous Copper, with 
 
 Green Carbonate of Copper, and 
 
 Quartz, and 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, sulphate of barytes, and sandstone, all 
 blended in the same mass, but perfectly distinct. (C.) 
 
 Mesotype. 
 
 Prehnite, good specimens. (8. J. Andrews.) 
 
 CHESTER PARISH. See SAYBROOK. 
 CORNWALL. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, crystallized. 
 
CONNECTICUT. 95 
 
 Gy finite, in gneiss, with 
 
 Graphite, which occurs in considerable quantities. (C.) 
 Epidote is found with the cyanite and graphite. (Sil. 1.354.J 
 Hornstone, on the late Judge Matthews' farm. (Hall.) 
 
 DERBY. 
 
 Granular Limestone, often very white, with large folia, and 
 
 frequently penetrated by crystals of 
 Tremolite. 
 Arsenical Sulphuret of Iron. (C.) 
 
 DURHAM. 
 
 Coat has been found in this town. (C.) 
 
 EAST HADDAM. 
 
 Hose Red Quartz ; good specimens have been obtained. 
 Siliceous Sinter, in horizontal interstices in gneiss. Also in 
 
 small, snow white, spherical concretions, incrusting mica i 
 
 slate. 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena. (C.) 
 
 EAST HARTFORD. 
 
 Staurotide, in large crystals, often forming the cross, in mica 
 
 slate, with 
 Garnets. 
 Sulphuret of Antimony. (C.) 
 
 EAST HAVEN. 
 
 Amethyst. 
 
 Chalcedony, 3 or 4 m. from New Haven, imbedded in secon- 
 dary trap, or occurring in loose masses ; botryoidal, mam- 
 millary, or stalactical, often beautifully invested with crys- 
 tals of quartz, sometimes forming geodes. 
 
 Agate, either loose or imbedded in secondary greenstone, with 
 Chalcedony. These agates, either oval or conical, usually 
 consist of bands of chalcedony and quartz, variously striped, 
 or spotted, or interlaced with Jasper, Cornelian, and Cacho- 
 long. In the same rock occur 
 
 Geodes of Quartz, lined with small crystals of quartz, trans- 
 parent, or amethystine, or smoky, or yellow, and sometimes 
 spotted, or tipped with red jasper. 
 
 Analcime, with chalcedony and agates. (C.) 
 
96 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand, on the beach near the light house, in 
 great abundance. (Sil. 6.232.) 
 
 ELLINGTON. 
 
 Coal, in friable 
 
 Clay Slate. (Sil. 6.63.J 
 
 ENFIELD. 
 
 Coal, (C.) in beds, in grey micaceous sandstone. (Sil. 6.63.) 
 
 FAIRFIELD. 
 
 White Copper Ore. (C.) 
 
 FARMINGTON. 
 
 Sulphate ofBarytes, in lamellar rolled pieces, in a rivulet 
 passing through Berlin and Farmington. 
 
 Amethyst. (C.) 
 
 Chalcedony, in greenstone. (Sil. 6.216.) 
 
 Prehnite, Farmington mountains, mammillary, botryoidal, 
 crystalline. (Hall.) Prehnite occurs about 2 m. N. of the 
 m. h. on the W. side of Talcot, or Farmington mountain, 
 10 m. W. from Hartford, in cavities of the greenstone, or 
 among the detached fragments, both massive and crystalli- 
 zed ; color varies from a rich grass green to green of light- 
 er shades, occasionally blended with 
 
 Calcareous Spar, of a fine white, which gives additional beau- 
 ty to the prehnite, which is very abundant, and in extraor- 
 dinaryly beautiful specimens. Prehnite occurs throughout 
 this range of greenstone hills. (E. N. Sill. Jr.) Prehnite 
 with calc, spar, and wacke at the foot of Talcot mountain. 
 
 Wacke, perfectly well characterized, and very abundant, at 
 the foot of the very lofty precipices, 2 m. N. of Monte - 
 Video, on the Talcot mountain, 10 m. W. of Hartford, 
 (fit*. 6.51.) 
 
 GOSHEN. 
 
 Tremolite. (C.) 
 
 GRANBY. 
 
 Red Oxide of Copper, disseminated in sandstone, with a small 
 
 proportion of 
 Green Carbonate of Copper, at a place known by the name of 
 
 the Simsbury mine. (Sil. 6.206.) 
 
CONNECTICUT. 97 
 
 HADDAM. 
 
 Cyanite, near the N. E. corner of Haddam, in the parish of 
 Middle Haddam, in crystalline masses from C to 8 inches 
 long, either loose or in'mica slate. (C.) The foregoing lo- 
 cality is on the east side of the river, on the farm of a Mr. 
 .Selden. (Sil. 2.238.J 
 
 Finite, in a micaceous rock, crystals sometimes several inch- 
 es long, and considerably regular. Same place crystals 1 
 inch in diameter, occur in rolled masses of granite. 
 
 Chrysoberyl, in a vein of granite, traversing gneiss, in 6 sided 
 prisms, and 6 sided tables-. This granite is large grained, 
 composed chiefly of 
 
 White Feldspar, (albite.) and grey quartz, and contains 
 
 Manganesian Garnet, which are sometimes very large, 4 inch- 
 es in diameter ; also 
 
 Tourmaline, 
 
 Emerald, and white 
 
 Fibrous Talc. (C.) The above locality is at the N. end of 
 Mr. Brainard's house, near the road, directly opposite the 
 m. h. (Sil. 2.240.) Chrysoberyl has been found on the 
 E. side of the river also. 
 
 Black Schorl, in loose blocks of granite; also in a vein of 
 course granular quartz, traversing mica slate, (C.) of a m. 
 S. westerly from the m. h. abundant on a hill in woods. 
 
 Feldspar, greenish and strongly translucent, (C.) m. west- 
 erly from m. h. containing schorl in small crystals. 
 
 Adularia, in gneiss, (C.) at the quarries, 1 m. S. from the 
 m. h. 
 
 Siliceous Feldspar. 
 
 Beryl,m granite, which forms a vein in gneiss, (C.) some crys- 
 tals 9 to 12 inches in diameter. Some have been found 4 
 m. N. from the centre of Haddam. (St7. 6.222.) Abun- 
 dant at the gneiss quarries S. of the m. h. 
 
 Epidote, 3 m. W. from the inn ; it occurs massive, arena- 
 ceous, and in very fine crystals in a narrow vein, in a de- 
 composed mica slate. 
 
 Aclynolite, in the mica slate of this vicinity. (Sil. 2.240.) 
 
 Talc, enters into the composition of granite. (C.) 
 
 Ferruginous Oxide of Columbium, or tantalite, occurs in the 
 same rock which contains the chrysoberyl, &c. (C. 782.) 
 (Sil. 4.52, & 8.105.) (Also, A. L. A". H. JV. York, 1.89.) 
 13 
 
98 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Hornblende, i of am. S. W. from the m. h. crystallized in 
 coarse white, friable, granular quartz, abundant. 
 
 HAMDEN HILLS. See NEW HAVEN. 
 HARTFORD. 
 
 Antimonial Grey Copper, near, in the red sandstone formation. 
 
 Sulphate ofBarytes, 2 m. from Hartford, penetrated by green 
 and blue 
 
 Carbonate of Copper, in a vein traversing greenstone, which 
 rests on argillaceous sandstone. (C.) 
 
 Wackc, at Gallows hill, near Hartford, lying between the green- 
 stone and sandstone; also W. side of the Berlin ranges of 
 greenstone. (Sil. 6.51 ) The locality of sulphate of ba- 
 rytes is S. W. from Hartford, near a quarry, where may be 
 found 
 
 Fibrous Carbonate of Lime, in the argillaceous sandstone, and 
 dog tooth spar. 
 
 HARWINTON. 
 
 Cyamte, occurs in large and beautiful, blue and white crystals, 
 
 or in crystalline masses, in mica slate. 
 Staurotide, in perfect crystals, in granite with cyanite. 
 Native Antimony, in broad plates, associated with the 
 Sulphuret of Antimony. (C.) 
 
 HEBRON. 
 
 Graphite. (C.) 
 
 HUNTINGTON. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, 4 m. S. from the bismuth mine, parish of 
 New Stratford, in a vein traversing white granular lime- 
 stone in gneiss, and associated with quartz, mica, &c. some- 
 times in cubes, but usually massive. It emits a very pure 
 emerald green light when heated, and is of the variety call- 
 ed chlorophane. 
 
 Beryl, in granite- (C.) One beautiful crystal found in the 
 chlorophane. (SU. 5.254.) 
 
 Magnetic Sulphuret of Iron, in the vein which contains the 
 native bismuth. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, at New Stratford. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, foliated in a gangue of quartz, with native 
 bismuth, and 
 
CONNECTICUT. 99 
 
 Native Silver, which contains a little 
 
 Jlrsenic. 
 
 Sulphate of Lead, at Lane's mine, incrusting argentiferous ga- 
 lena, and is said to contain silver. 
 
 Native Bismuth, New Stratford, on Mr. Ephraim Lane's 
 farm, 20 m. W. from New Haven, disseminated in a vein 
 of quartz, in brilliant plates, or small lamellar masses, sel- 
 dom more than an inch in diameter, associated with native 
 silver, the sulphuret of iron and lead, and 
 
 Pyritous Copper, tungsten, and tellurium, (C.) and 
 
 Blende. ( il 1.316 ) 
 
 Native Tellurium, at Lane's mine, associated with ferruginous 
 oxiae of tungsten, native bismuth, native silver, &tc. 
 
 Yellow Ojiide of Tungsten, the pulverulent variety forms a 
 crust on the ferruginous oxide of tungsten, or occurs in its 
 cavities. Both the massive and pulverulent often occur in 
 the interstices, and upon the surface of the calcareous ox- 
 ide of tungsten. 
 
 Calcareous Oxide of Tungsten, in quartz, and is associated 
 with the yellow oxide of tungsten. 
 
 Ferruginous Oxide of Tungsten ; it occurs both missive and 
 in octaedral crystals, in quartz with native bismuth, native 
 silver, &c. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium ; large crystals near Lane's mine. 
 (C.) 
 
 Mum, in decomposed mica slate, (fiil. 3.240.) 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, white, foliated ; New Statford. (SiJ. 
 5.255.) 
 
 Native Sulphur, and 
 
 Carbonate of Iron, at Lane's mine. (Sil. 6.210.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Antimony, at Mr. Lane's mine, incrusting, and 
 partly filling up cavities in quartz, and is associated with 
 suipliuret of iron. (A. L. N. H. N. York, 1.93.) 
 
 KENT. 
 
 Fuller's Earth, a saponaceous clay resembling fuller's earth, 
 
 at the iron ore bed. 
 
 Scaly Red Oxide of Iron, in primitive rocks. 
 Red Hematite, same place. 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron occurs stalactical, mammiUa- 
 
 ry, &c. It is contained in ciay, which forms a bed in 
 
 gneiss. (C.) 
 
100 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 KILLINGLY. 
 
 Kaolin of superior quality was lately found 10 feet below the 
 surface, in digging a well 2i m. E. from Westfield m. h. 
 
 LANE'S MINE. See HUNTINGTON. 
 
 LEBANON. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, in small quantities. (C.) (?) 
 Schorl, on the turnpike to Colchester, 1 or 2m. from the 
 Bozra factory. (W. Greene.) 
 
 LITCHFIELD. 
 
 Dolomite, in very beautiful white masses, fine grained, and re- 
 sembling loaf sugar. 
 
 Milky Quartz, in rolled masses. 
 
 Ferruginous Quartz, in opaque, yellowish brown, 6 sided 
 prisms, attached to an amorphous mass of the same variety. 
 
 Hornstone, associated with ferruginous quartz. 
 
 Corundum, dark greyish, blue, massive, and in 6 sided prisms, 
 in an aggregate, composed chiefly of cyanhe. 
 
 Cyanite, in large and beautiful blue and while crystals, or 
 in crystalline masses, in mica slate, associated with quartz, 
 talc, feldspar, mica, staurotide, and garnets. A detached, 
 crystalline mass of cyanite was found in this town, sup- 
 posed to weigh 1500 lb., containing 
 
 Talc, 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, and corundum, and resting on mica slate. 
 
 Staurotide, in mica slate, presenting 6 sided prisms, either 
 single or forming a cross (C.) ; very common, and very 
 beautiful. (Sil 1.353.) 
 
 Beryl, in granite, the crystals often well defined. 
 
 Garnets, with staurotide, in mica slate. 
 
 Epidote, in shining 6 sided prisms, with hornblende in graph- 
 ic granite, and sienite. 
 
 Tremolite, presenting fine specimens, usually connected with 
 dolomite and quartz. 
 
 Augite, whitish, flat, 6 sided prisms, sometimes nearly 4 inch- 
 es long, with diedral summits, in dolomite, sometimes with 
 tremolite and quartz. 
 
 JLctynolite, in bluish green, radiated masses. 
 
 Steatite. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, sometimes reticulated on mica. (C.) 
 
CONNECTICUT. 101 
 
 Smoky Quartz. 
 
 Petrosilex, in rolled masses, with ferruginous quartz, contain- 
 ing veins of 
 
 Chalcedony, and hornstone, and geodes of quartz crystals, are 
 common. 
 
 Common Opal has been found, though rarely. 
 
 Mica, green, white, and perfectly black, in blocks of granite. 
 
 Schorl, in rounded crystals, in all the granite, in radiating crys- 
 tals on (juartz, and in acicular crystals on mica slate. 
 
 Feldspar, common and beautiful, blue, white, and red, in 
 rhornboidal fragments. (SU. 1.353.) 
 
 Ho rnblende; the lamellar and slaty varieties are very com- 
 mon. 
 
 Chlorite, on quartz, with talc. 
 
 Porcelain Clay, in small quantities. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron , in mass, is in great quantities, and 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, on the surface of the ground, near it, near 
 Mount Prospect. 
 
 Native Copper ; a small quantity was found in a stone. (Sil. 
 1.354.) 
 
 Andalusite, in 4 sided prisms, with granular quartz. (Sil. 
 6.176.) 
 
 Prismatic Mica. (Sil. 6.220.) 
 
 Fetid Quartz, well characterized, of a dark greyish blue, and 
 of a pure white. 
 
 Pinite, associated with quartz, mica, and oxide of iron. 
 
 Zeolite, in renitbrm masses of minute fibres, and in fascicular 
 groups of fibrous crystals, in a vein in mica slate. (Sil. 
 6.251.) 
 
 MERIDEN. 
 
 JLnakime. (Sil. 6.224.) 
 
 MIDDLE HADDAM. See HADDAM and CHATHAM. 
 MIDDLETOWN. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, at the lead mine, mixed with sulphurets of 
 
 lead, zinc, &tc. 
 Fluate of Lime, in a vein, accompanied by the sulphuret of 
 
 lead, zinc, and iron. 
 
 Bituminous Carbonate of Lime, (bituminous marl slate. Sil. 
 
 ' 
 
102 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 6.63.) black, and traversed by veins of white calcareous 
 par, and 
 
 Satin Spar, and presents distinct impressions offish ; also 
 
 Bituminous Shale, with impressions of fish. 
 
 Coal, and 
 
 Pyrites, at Westfield, near Middletown ; (C.) about 6 m. N. 
 W. and 1 m. N. from Westfield m. h. in a brook, now 
 abandoned, and specimens very rare. (Miner.) 
 
 Arsenical Sulphuret of Iron. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, where a mine was formerly opened, and 
 
 Sulphur et of Zinc, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, (C.) 1| m, S. E. near the river, E. of But- 
 ler's creek, specimens very rare. 
 
 fetid Quartz, found abundantly along Connecticut river, 
 through the whole distance from this town to Bellows falls, 
 in loose, rolled masses. (Hall.) 
 
 MILFORD HILLS. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, 5 m. W. from New Haven, in laminated 
 masses, penetrated with chlorite, and in rhombic crystals at 
 the marble quarry, 7 m. W. from New Haven. 
 
 Granular Limestone ; these calcareous strata extend northerly 
 9 or 10 m. from Milford harbor, leaving the coast, and ap- 
 parently terminating about 2 m. back of New Haven, tra- 
 versed by veins of calcareous spar, and magnesian carbo- 
 nate of lime, and toward the E. and N. extremities is asso- 
 ciated with serpentine. The texture of the beautiful 
 
 JWarble, quarried at this place is very fine granular ; some va- 
 rieties exhibit clouds of a brilliant orange, or gold yellow, 
 associated with 
 
 Green Serpentine, and dove colored lime stone, and constitute 
 a very beautiful marble. It receives a high polish, and en- 
 dures the action of fire. 
 
 Dolomite, mixed with quartz and tremolile. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, in imperfect, pale green crystals in gran- 
 ite, near New Haven. 
 
 Epidote, in primitive greenstone, in veins or amorphous mass- 
 es, sometimes in radiated crystals in a vein of calcareous 
 spar, traversing greenstone slate. 
 
 Tremolite, all the varieties of which occur with dolomite and 
 quartz. 
 
CONNECTICUT. 103 
 
 Asbestus, chiefly in serpentine, and very abundant. The 
 
 Amianthus is sometimes nearly as fine as that of Corsica. 
 The common variety is whitish green, with dolomite and 
 granular limestone, adhering, and bitter spar and magnetic 
 iron disseminated. 
 
 Sahlite, olive green, foliated, and almost prismatic in the yel- 
 low serpentine marble, (C.) ; Westfield, 3 m. W. from New 
 Haven, on the left of the road to Derby ; abundant. 
 
 Precious Serpentine, near New Haven, imbedded in nodules 
 or irregular masses in primitive limestone, and receives a 
 very high polish. 
 
 Chlorite penetrates quartz and calcareous spar. 
 
 Slaty Chlorite, in layers about } of an inch thick, between 
 primitive marble and primitive greenstone; soft, unctuous, 
 and frequently stained red. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, and 
 
 Chromate of /ro/i, forming black clouds and spots, are dissem- 
 inated through this marble, and also the green and 
 
 Yellow Serpentine, which is much mixed with the marble, 
 and greatly increases its beauty. When it contains green 
 colors it belongs to the variety usually called 
 
 Verd Antique, and is the ophicalce veinee of Brongniart. (C.) 
 
 NEW HAVEN. 
 
 Flint, near, in rolled masses. 
 
 Jasper, near, in rolled fragments. 
 
 Cyanite, in small, imperfect crystals in mica slate, near. 
 
 Staurotide, on Beacon hill, 14 m. from New Haven, in mica 
 slate, with 
 
 Garnets. (?) 
 
 Pitchstone, near. 
 
 Prehnite, near, in secondary greenstone, which also contains 
 zeolite, in veins or in nodules, with a radiated structure, 
 sometimes with crystals on the surface. At the Pine rock 
 it forms perpendicular veins, rarely more than i of an inch 
 in thickness. 
 
 Zeolite, near, in horizontal veins, in secondary greenstone, or 
 incrusting the surface of the stone ; it is in crystals, or ra- 
 diated masses, or presents the mealy variety ; at the Pine 
 rock. 
 
 Ltaumonite, near, in greenstone. 
 
 fcfyno/tfe, near, in serpentine, generally radiated. 
 
104 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Serpentine, near. 
 
 Steatite, near. 
 
 Chlorite, near, penetrating quartz and calcareous spar. 
 
 Slaty Chlorite, near, in thin veins in secondary greenstone ; 
 and these veins are divided by still thinner veins of quartz, 
 and in the direction of the layers. 
 
 Clay Slate, 5 or 6 m. N. W. in primitive strata, sometimes al- 
 ternating with mica slate. 
 
 Native Copper, a mass weighing about 90 Ib. was found, ma- 
 ny years since, on Hamden hills, near New Haven, adher- 
 ing, in part, to the surface of the rock on which it rested, 
 and even penetrating its fissures. A mass of native copper 
 weighing about 6 Ib. has been more recently found within 
 3 or^4 m. of where the 90 Ib. piece was discovered, and 
 12 m. from New Haven, and \ a m. W. from the Hartford 
 turnpike, opposite the town of Wallingford, in alluvial soil, 
 exhibiting the rudiments of large, octaedral crystals of cop- 
 per on iis surface, which is partly incrusted by the 
 
 Green Carbonate of Copper ; and its cavities contain the 
 
 Red Oxide of Copper. 
 
 Sulphuret of Copper, near. 
 
 Pyritous Copper, in the greenstone mountains, which extend 
 northerly from New Haven, through Cheshire, Simsbury, 
 &c. with native copper and the red oxide of copper. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, near. (C. ) See Milford hills. 
 
 NEW LONDON. 
 
 Ferruginous Oxide of Columbium, near. (C.)? 
 
 NEW MILFORD. 
 
 Granular Limestone, forming beds in gneiss. 
 
 Asbestus. 
 
 Carbonate of Iron, in gneiss, whose structure is very perfect. 
 The ore is abundant in a gangue of quartz. This appears 
 to be the only locality in the United States in which carbo- 
 nate of iron occurs in quantity. (C.) 
 
 NEW STRATFORD. See HUNTINGTON. 
 NORTHFORD. 
 
 Fetid Carbonate of Lime, in a secondary trap formation ; it is 
 
 _ 
 
CONNECTICUT. 105 
 
 a coarse grey lime stone, extremely fetid by percussion, 
 and burns to excellent lime. (C.) 
 Staurotide, in mica slate; abundant. (Sil. 6.219.J 
 
 OXFORD. 
 
 Granular Limestone, often very white, with large folia, and 
 frequently penetrated by crystals of 
 
 Tremolite. (C.) 
 
 Chlorite Slate. (Sil. 6.27.) 
 
 Limpid Quarts, and 
 
 Smoky Quarts, crystallized ; good specimens have been found. 
 
 Staurotide, 
 
 Garnets, and 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, in large, geniculated crystals, in mi- 
 ca slate. (.#. S. Monson.) 
 
 PETTYPAUG. See SAYBROOK. 
 PRESTON. 
 
 Alum, formed in decomposed mica slate. (Sil* 3.240.) 
 
 READING. 
 
 Granular Limestone, often very white with large folia, and 
 frequently penetrated by crystals of 
 
 Tremolite. 
 
 Garnet, in well defined trapezoedrons, from the size of grape 
 shot to that of musket balls, in mica slate. (C.) This lo- 
 cality is on the S. E. side of a hill, or precipice, covered 
 with red cedar, l| m. S. of the Congregation tl m. h. and 
 about \ a m. N. W. of the junction of the two largest 
 branches of the Saugatuck river, 30 rods W. of a carding 
 machine arid a saw mill, very abundant and beautiful. (Sil. 
 3.241.J 
 
 SALISBURY, 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron, associated with the ether va- 
 rieties of the brown oxide. It is often in stalactites of un- 
 common beauty, whose exterior presents a strong gloss. 
 It is sometimes invested with a delicate, sooty coat which 
 appears to be Oxide of Manganese. The iron ore is em- 
 braced in clay which forms a bed in the side of a hill, of 
 moderate elevation. This mine has been open about 70 
 14 
 
106 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 years, and the ore is still very abundant, and is said to yield 
 some of the best iron in the United States. The 
 
 Clay of this bed exhibits various colors, and will undoubtedly 
 furnish valuable pigments. 
 
 Granular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron. (C.) No variety of 
 argillaceous oxide of iron is found here but the common, 
 which has a compact structure, color yellowish, fracture 
 conchoidal. (SU. 8.260.) 
 
 Staurotide. (Sil 8.40.) 
 
 Fibroits Tremolite ; the masses, whose fibres are sometimes 2 
 feet long, contain parallelepipeds of 
 
 Sulphuret^of Iron. (Sil. 8.46.) 
 
 Nephrite, somewhat lamellar, and exhibits imperfect prisms 
 by fracture. (Sil. 8.60.) Nephrite is found one mile east 
 ol the m. h. 
 
 Laminated Calcareous Spar, abundant. 
 
 Bitter Spar, in 
 
 Carbonate of Lime. 
 
 Calcareous Tufa, at the falls of the Housatonic ; abundant. 
 
 Dolomite, abundant, containing tremolite. 
 
 Alum, in yellowish white concretions, and efflorescing on mi- 
 ca slate ; abundant, often very pure. Nearly all the varie- 
 ties of 
 
 Quartz, in abundance, and quartzose breccia, and grey wacke. 
 
 Jasper, abundant, black, red, yellow, &tc. in small, rolled 
 masses. 
 
 Nica, black, white, and yellow ; abundant. 
 
 Slack Schorl, in quartz. 
 
 Tourmaline, brown and yellow, in quartz and carbonate of 
 lime ; abundant. 
 
 Feldspar, compact variety, in mica slate, and detached masses. 
 
 Scapolite, near the falls of the Housatonic, 
 
 Beryl, H m. N. of the m. h. beautiful small crystals associat- 
 ed with quartz, hornblende, augite, epidote, massive gar- 
 nets, Sic. 
 
 Garnet,^ perfect crystals; also in granular, amorphous masses 
 of a reddish color, and staurotide ; both abundant in mica 
 slate. 
 
 JSpidote, in compact masses, and crystallized, associated with 
 sulphuret of iron, augile, quartz, and hornblende ; abundant. 
 
 Aug'te, white, abundant. 
 
 Hornblende, lamellar, slaty, and fibrous, surface ferruginous 
 
CONNECTICUT. 107 
 
 brown, in veins traversing quartz, and in fibrous groups, 
 constituting the fasciculite of Mr. Hitchcock. 
 
 Talc, green and white, in quartz and augite ; also indurated 
 with curved layers. 
 
 Potter's Clay, abundant in nearly every part of the town. 
 
 Sulphur, efflorescent on mica slate. 
 
 Petroleum, on stagnant waters, giving them an irised appear- 
 ance. 
 
 Graphite, associated with sulphate of iron, disseminated in a 
 mixture of calcareous lime and mica slate in a compact 
 form, of good quality, and abundant; also in all the fur- 
 naces, in irregular crystals, and sca!y masses. 
 
 Sulphiiret of Iron, mostly in cubes, abundant, and in amor- 
 phous masses ; also granular, in limestone, quartz, and mica 
 slate. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, crystallized, and massive, in cubes 
 and octaedrons ; abundant, in mica slate. 
 
 Oc/trey Brown O dde of Iron; abundant at the ore bed. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, on the summit of a high hill, (Bat-rue Mon- 
 tehh) a m. E. of the m. h., abundant. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in thin laminae, in limestone, rare. 
 
 Zinc, white oxide ? at the iron ore bed. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, in small 6 sided prisms, abundant in 
 the mica slate, forming the walls of the ore bed ; also in 
 large prisms in quartz and augite. The above named min- 
 erals are found so common in Salisbury, that the precise 
 spot need not be pointed out. (Charles A. Lee.'j 
 
 Granular Limestone, in beds in mica slate. 
 
 Jllagnesian Carbonate of Lime ; abundant. 
 
 Fetid Carbonate oj Lime occurs in plates, rhombs, &cc. abun- 
 dant. 
 
 Common Quartz, crystallized and massive. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in alluvial soil in prisms of considerable size, 
 sometimes in geodes in common quartz. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, in amorphous masses ; best specimens are 
 found in veins in mica slate, of considerable thickness, and 
 often exhibit a beautiful play of colors. 
 
 Yellow Quartz, in rolled masses. 
 
 Rose Red Quartz, in detached pieces, color of different 
 shades, tinged with yellow. 
 
 Irised Quartz, rare ; colors produced by fracture, and a coat 
 of metallic oxide. 
 
108 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Milky Quartz, common in large masses. 
 
 Granular Quartz occurs in masses of considerable size. 
 Many of the preceding varieties are cellular. 
 
 Ferruginous Quartz, amorphous; beautiful specimens of an 
 ocbrey yellow, and deep red color are associated. 
 
 fetid Quartz, very abundant, resembles the common quartz, 
 tinged with grey ; very fetid. 
 
 Siliceous Sinter, abundant, investing the surface of hornstone 
 in botryoidal concretions. 
 
 Hornstone, in amorphous masses. 
 
 Wacke, in large blocks, scattered throughout this region, and 
 Berkshire Co. resembles that found in Columbia Co. N. Y. 
 
 Zoisite is not uncommon. 
 
 Baikalite, and all the varieties of tremolite, abundant in dol- 
 omite. The baikalite is often very beautiful, the crystals 
 radiating from a centre, several inches in length, of a 
 pearly lustre, sometimes'linged with yellow. 
 
 Nephrite, of Sil. 8.60. is ascertained by Prof. Devtey to be 
 augite ; it occurs amorphous, aad in tabular and 6 sided 
 prisms, of several inches in length, associated with epidote, 
 graphite, &LC. and contains red oxide of titanium. 
 
 Jlctynolite, in large grey masses, associated with augite, mica 
 slate, and graphite. 
 
 Chlorite, massive, connected with quartz. 
 Clay Slate, in small fragments ; not common. 
 
 Hepatic Snlphuret of Iron ; abundant in quartz. 
 
 Specular Q.fide of Iron abounds in shining plates, in quartz. 
 Oxide of Manganese ; the compact ore, at the iron ore bed, 
 
 and in the N. part of the town. ( -il. 8 255, to 261.) 
 Cummingtonite, discovered by C. A. Lee. It is well charac- 
 terized, though less beautiful, than that which is found at 
 Cummington and Plainfield. (J. Porter.} 
 
 SAYBROOK. 
 
 Epidote, crystallized. 
 
 ftpophyllite ; near. 
 
 JLctynolite. 
 
 Afithophyllite. This rare mineral is said to have been found 
 
 near this town. 
 Chlorite, in small crystals. 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena, a small distance northerly from Pet- 
 
CONNECTICUT. 109 
 
 lypaug rn. h. in a vein of quartz traversing gneiss, (C.) \ a 
 m. E. of the Middlelown turnpike, near the house of the 
 Widow Pratt, on the first road on the right hand, above 
 the turnpike gate. (.Si/. 1.242.) 
 
 Sillimanite. This mineral, previously called anthophylite, is of 
 a dark grey color, passing into clove brown. It occurs in 
 rhomboidal prisms. It has but one cleavage, which is par- 
 allel to the longer diagonal of the prism. The sides and 
 angles of the crystals are frequently rounded. It is harder 
 than quartz, found in a vein of quartz penetrating gneiss. 
 (bi7. 8.113.J This locality is on the turnpike leading from 
 Saybrook to Middletown, not far from 2J m* beyond the 
 locality of molybdena, in the parish of Chester, on the left 
 hand of the path, in a flat rock which is chiefly mica slate, 
 a few rods S. of the Post Office, which is kept in a room of 
 Denison's tavern, near a small stream running into the Con- 
 necticut, crystallized in veins of quartz. (SiL 8.195.) 
 The writer is informed that the above mineral was previ- 
 ously named in Europe, and has been since known there 
 by the name of Me Clellanite. 
 
 SHARON. 
 
 Zircon, in detached pieces of quartz, in 4 sided prisms, ter- 
 minated by pyramids, dark brown color, and rarely exceed- 
 ing ^ an inch in length. 
 
 Graphite, strongly resembling molybdena. (C.) 
 
 SIMSBURY. 
 
 Prehnite, near ; between this and Wintonbury it is abundant 
 in mammillary masses, either loose or imbedded in green- 
 stone ; sometimes it lines the whole internal surface of cav- 
 ities in greenstone, and is associated with 
 
 Crystallized Carbonate of Lime. 
 
 Sulphuret of Copper, near 
 
 Pyritous Copper, with 
 
 Native Copper, and the 
 
 Red Oxide of Copper, are found in the greenstone mountains, 
 which extend from New Haven through Cheshire, Simsbu- 
 ry, &c. (C.) 
 
 SOMERS. 
 
 Coal (SiL 3.248.) 
 
110 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 SOUTHBUKT. 
 
 Rose Red Quarto, of n delicate color, and formiii!: nn 
 
 ed mass, (C.) 4 m. S. E from Smith's inn, ami about 3 m. 
 S. W. of the m. h. This rose quartz forms a bed in gra- 
 nite. 
 
 Staurotide, crystals crossing at right angles, (SiL 5.4 1.) 3J 
 m. S. W. from Smith's inn. 
 
 Amethytt, crystallized, color uniform and very beautiful, (SiL 
 6.250.) 1 m. W. from Smith's inn : rare. 
 
 Chalcedony, of a beautiful blue, covered frequently by botry- 
 oidai concretions of 
 
 Cacholoiig. 
 
 Common Opal, of an inferior quality. 
 
 Agatized Wood. It is principally horostone ; its ravitirs are 
 lined with minute quartz, crystals and layers of chalcedony, 
 3 m. S. W. from Smith's inn ; abundant. 
 
 Agate, in nodules composed of layers of blue and white chal- 
 cedony, which layers are principally incrustations of a sol- 
 id nucleus of quartz, and are often quite handsome. ($il. 
 6.250.) 
 
 Prehnite, occasionally found, 2 m. N. W. from Smith's inn. 
 
 Fibrous Carbonate of Lime, in 
 
 Bituminous Limestone, (SiL 6.251.) 3 m. S. W. from Smith's 
 inn ; abundant. 
 
 Mineral Caoutchouc, in veins in satin spar, or fibrous lime- 
 stone, which forms layers running parallel with, and lying 
 between those of 
 
 Bituminous Slate, or Shale, which contains small veins of 
 
 Coal, (SiL 6.370.) 3 m. S. W. from Smith's inn ; abundant. 
 
 Fetid Carbonate of Lime ; extremely fetid by percussion ; 
 abundant, same place. In South Britain Parish. 
 
 Crystallized Quartz, I in. W. from Smith's inn. 
 
 Jasper, red, spotted^ brown and black ; also chalcedony, agate, 
 common opal, and prehnite are occasionally found on the 
 diluvial hills. 
 
 Mca, Prismatic, and green in different places ; abundant. 
 
 Beryl, 2 m. S. from Smith's inn ; rare. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, 31 m. S. W. from Smith's inn, in South 
 Britain Parish ; rare. (*#. L. Smith.) 
 
 SOUTH1NGTON. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, forming in part the gangue of a vein of 
 
CONNECTICUT. Ill 
 
 Hnlphvrct of Lead, which is associated with 
 
 Pyritous Copper. The barytes often presents tlie crested va- 
 riety ; the same VOKI contains numerous, shining, black 
 spots of 
 
 Coal, enveloped in a white gnngne of barytes and quartz. (C.) 
 This locality is on what is called the ('lark faun. 
 
 Bituminous Shale, embracing veins of coal on ihe land of 
 Rosvvell Mooro, Esq. about midway between Hartford and 
 New Haven. (Sil. 1.240.) 
 
 Yellow Blende^ and 
 
 Crystallized Carbonate of Lime. (Sil. 5.4 1 .) 
 
 Common Chalcedony, in greenstone. (Sil. C.216.J 
 
 llonistone, in greenstone. (Sil. G.218.) 
 
 SUFFIELD. 
 
 Coal, bituminous, in thin veins in rocks of slate and argilla- 
 ceous sandstone on the banks of Suffield river. It is much 
 intersected by thin veins of crystallized 
 
 Calcareous Spar. (Sil. 1.239.) 
 
 TALCOT MOUNTAIN. See FARMINGTON. 
 TOLLAND. 
 
 Staurotide, in large crystals, often forming the cross, with 
 
 Garnets, which are found here nearly rose red, and remarka- 
 bly transparent, in mica slate 
 
 Epidote ; olive green 
 
 Graphite, disseminated in rolled masses of granite and gneiss. 
 (C.) 
 
 TORRINGTON. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, in regular crystals. (C.) 
 
 TRUMBULL. 
 
 Magnetical Pyrites, abundant in the bismuth vein. (Sil. 1.49.) 
 
 WALLINGFORD. 
 
 Amethyst. (C.) 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 Granular Limestone, forming beds in gneiss. Marble, quar- 
 ried here is white, highly crystalline, sometimes large grain- 
 
CONNECTICUT. 
 
 ed, and sometimes so fine grained that the mass resembles 
 loaf sugar. Some of it belongs to the variety called statua- 
 ry marble. 
 
 Argentine, in primitive limestone. 
 
 Dolomite. 
 
 Limpid Quartz. A mass of transparent quartz was found in 
 this town, now in the cabinet of Yale College, which ap- 
 pears to be a fragment of an immense crystal, and probably 
 weighs between 200 and 300 Ib. 
 
 Garnet, in dodecaedrons in mica slate. 
 
 Epidote, in olive green prisms, with rounded edges, associat- 
 ed with feldspar. 
 
 Tremolite, both in dolomite and granular limestone ; in flat, 
 prismatic crystals, or in very beautiful, fibrous, and radiated 
 masses, with the aspect of white silk. 
 
 Asbestus, the common variety, and 
 
 Amianthus. 
 
 Augite. 
 
 Kaolin, in small quantities. (C.) 
 
 Plumose Mica. (Sil. 6.251.) 
 
 WATERBURT. 
 
 Alum, in decomposed mica slate ; abundant. (Sil. 3.240.) 
 
 WATERTOWN. 
 
 Granular Limestone ; beds in gneiss and mica slate. 
 
 Cyanite, in loose masses of granite, with 
 
 Garnets. 
 
 Mica, radiated or plumous (C.) Very beautiful, and abun- 
 dant in very fine graphic gianite, 3 m. W. 
 
 Alum, abundant on mica slate. 
 
 Dolomite, and granular limestone, 4 m. on the turnpike to 
 Plymouth. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, massive and crystallized, 2 m. N. 
 
 Chalcedony. 
 
 Hornsione. 
 
 Agate, beautiful specimens. 
 
 Zeolite, radiated. 
 
 Bladed Tremolite, in dolomite and granular limestone. 
 
 Hornblende, massive. (A. S. Monson.) 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium. (C. A. Lee.) 
 
CONNECTICUT. 113 
 
 WESTF1ELD. See MIDDLETOWN. 
 WEST HAVEN. 
 
 Slaty Chlorite, near. It forms extensive strata, sometimes al- 
 most passing into 
 
 Clay Slate; but at the beach 1 m. below West Haven, it is de- 
 cidedly chlorite slate, and abounds with 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in minute, octaedral crystals. 
 
 Iron Sand, on the beach which forms the margin of the sea- 
 shore. It is highly magnetic, uncommonly pure, and has 
 very obviously proceeded from the disintegration of the 
 chlorite slate contiguous to the beach ; abundant. (C.) 
 
 WESTON. 
 
 Garnet, in large, perfect, dodecaedral crystals, in mica slate 
 (C.) 
 
 WOODBRIDGE. 
 
 Flint, in masses, penetrated by white veins and spots of 
 
 Calcareous Spar. (C.) 
 
 Fetid Quartz has been found in several places from this to 
 Bellows Falls in N. JL, a distance of 150 m., in loose, roll- 
 ed masses. (Sil. 6.215.) 
 
 Grey Limestone, of a slaty structure, associated with trap 
 rocks, on the turnpike from New Haven to Litchfield, 5 
 m. from Woodbridge. 
 
 Sulphur et of Iron, in greenstone slate. (A. S. Monson.) 
 
 WOODBURY. 
 
 Agate, in secondary greenstone. 
 
 Mica, violet. 
 
 Prehnite, in mammillary, botryoidal, and almost globular mass- 
 es, of a delicate green, in secondary greenstone, very abun- 
 dant. 
 
 Stilbite, well characterized in secondary greenstone. 
 
 Magnetic Sulphuret of Iron, near, in gneiss (C.) ; 24 m. N. 
 of New Haven. 
 
 Amethyst. (Sil. 6.250.) 
 
 Plumose Mica. (Sil. 6.251.) 
 
 Calcareous Spar; fragments at the prehnite locality. (A. S. 
 Monson.) 
 
 15 
 
114 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 ALBANY. 
 
 Basanite, a green variety occurs connected with 
 Clay Slate, at " Crystal hill," 3 m. below Albany. (C.) 
 Sinople Jasper, (red ferruginous quartz) occurs in this Co. (E.) 
 Calcareous Sinter. 
 Calcareous Tufa. 
 Limpid Quartz, crystallized. 
 Bituminous Shale. (Webster.) 
 
 Course Heliotrope, in a bed of considerable extent, 3 or 4 m. 
 below the city. (C. U. Shepard.) 
 
 AMENIA. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (C.) 
 
 Iron Ore ; beds of iron ore are found, nearly parallel with 
 the W. boundary of Mass. Beds of this ore are found on 
 the same line N. of Bennington, at least to Brandon, Vt. 
 and southward to Amenia. (Sil. 8.30.) 
 
 AMSTERDAM. 
 
 Calcareous Tufa. (Webster.) 
 
 ANCRAM. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead ; the ore is very rich. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, near, (C.) 
 
 Ancramite, or Green Oxide of Zinc, a new and rich ore, dis- 
 covered in the foundation of an old house ; also in the old 
 walls of the furnace, erected in 1744. (&/. 5.235, & 399.) 
 This new ore is cadmia, an artifical product of the furnace, 
 and is still formed at the iron works near Salisbury. (J. Jl. 
 JV. S. P. 2.289.) The lead mine lies in the S. E. part of 
 the town in a hill of 
 
 Clan Slate, and transition, or 
 
 Metalliferous Limestone ; some of the slate is glazed like that 
 of Troy, and closely resembles bituminous shale. The ga- 
 lena occurs in a vein nearly vertical. It is argentiferous. 
 It contains imbedded an abundance of clear, perfect 
 
NEW YORK. 115 
 
 Quartz Crystals, often in small geodes. Besides galena the 
 following minerals occur : 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, in veins of considerable thickness, in the 
 argillite and limestone the concreted, granular, and com- 
 pact. In some places it forms the gangue for the galena. 
 
 Milky Quartz, often beautifully tinged with malachite in den- 
 drific forms. 
 
 Radiated Quartz, associated with copper, blende, and galena. 
 
 Fetid Quartz forms a gangue for the blende. 
 
 Clay, of a greyish color, from the decomposed slate. 
 
 Pyritous Copper, abundant, mostly massive, sometimes in 
 small regular crystals, connected with the blende ; it is 
 sometimes a bluish color, which is the 
 
 Black Copper of Jameson. 
 
 Suipkuret of Iron, in small cubes in the argillite, and also 
 a^moi phous. (SiL 8.250.J 
 
 Molybdate of Lead ? in small, tabular crystals, rare. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc ; brown is most abundant, yellow not un- 
 common, lustre splendent and metallic, generally associated 
 with quartz. (Si/ 8.249.) 
 
 Hematite. (Webster.) 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, asparagus stone, in sulphuret of iron. 
 Phosphate of lirne, under some of its varieties, is found in. 
 most of the mines of magnetic iron in New York; it is of- 
 ten in yellowish white, or reddish grains. 
 
 Hornblende, in large tabular masses, with pyrites and phos- 
 phate of lime. 
 
 Hepatic Sulphuret of Iron, in large quantities, mingled with 
 
 Common Pyrites, and phosphate of lirne. 
 
 Red Hematite, a few m. S. from Ticonderoga ; it occurs 
 mammillary, botryoidal, &c. (C.) 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, 
 
 Calcareous Spar, and 
 
 dsbestus, are frequently found in this vicinity. (SiL 5.28.J 
 
 ARGYLE. 
 
 Satin Spar. (Webster.} 
 
 AURORA. 
 
 Calcareous Sinter, concreted. (Webster.) 
 
116 NEW YORK. 
 
 Crystallized Calcareous .Spar, in veins, inlaid in a 
 
 Black Slate, which effervesces with acids, forming a striking 
 
 feature, both by their contrast of color, and by their zigzag 
 
 windings. (SiL 4.42.) 
 
 y containing planorbis and helix. (Webster.) 
 
 BALLSTON. 
 
 Carbonic Acid, contained in the water of the springs, 100 cubic 
 inches of water contain about 100 cubic inches of gas. (C.) 
 Amianthus, Quartz, and 
 Graphite. (Webster.} 
 
 BARNAGAT. 
 
 Metalliferous Limestone, near the N. side of the Highlands, of 
 a bluish grey color, somewhat granulated, and often travers- 
 ed by veins of white 
 
 Calcareous Spar. It is often cellular, and contains numerous 
 geodes, lined with crystals of quartz. The great sloop 
 lock in Troy, called Schuyler's lock, is built of this lime 
 rock. (Sfl. 5.234.) 
 
 BATAVIA. 
 
 Fetid Carbonate of Lwie. (C.) 
 
 BATH. 
 
 Sulphuret of Hydrogen, issuing from a spring, opposite Alba- 
 ny. (SiL 8.31.) ' 
 
 BERN. 
 
 Compact Limestone, at Foxen-kill, containing shells, and em- 
 
 bracing 
 Hornstone, usually in layers, which are sometimes of consid- 
 
 erable extent. (C.) 
 
 BETHLEHEM. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in 
 Compact Limestone. 
 
 Stalagmite, in parallel layers on the bottom of a cavern. 
 Brown Spar, in a cavern. 
 
 Marl, containing from 40 to 85 per cent, of carbonate 
 and embracing the voluta and helix. 
 
NEW YORK. 117 
 
 Hornstone, near the caverns, in compact limestone, contain- 
 ing shells. (C.) 
 
 Siliceous Slate. (Sil. 5.269.) 
 
 Calcareous Sinter, in a cave. Lenticular crystals of calcare- 
 ous spar. 
 
 Quartz Crystals. 
 
 Striated Quartz. 
 
 Flint. 
 
 Green Jaspery Slate ? 
 
 Hornstone. 
 
 Anthracite. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore. (Webster.) 
 
 BLACK RIVER. 
 
 Fetid Carbonate of Lime, near. (C.) 
 
 BLACK ROCK. 
 
 Limestone, imbedding 
 
 flint, which is also found at the Seneca prairies. (C.) 
 
 BRIGHTON. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, in cubical crystals, transparent and white, 
 
 with a slight tinge of blue, imbedded in 
 Black Fetid Limestone, forming a pleasing contrast, in the 
 
 bottom of the great Western canal, on the east shore of 
 
 Genesee river. (C.) 
 Pearl Spar, in fetid limestone. 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, in fetid limestone. (Webster.) 
 
 BRONX CREEK. 
 
 Zeolite, in an aggregate of epidote, hornblende, quartz, &c. 
 
 (C.) 
 
 Woodstone. 
 
 Brown Tourmaline, in feldspar. 
 Coccolite. 
 
 Kaolin, in granite. 
 Arsenical Sulphuret of Iron. 
 Sulphuret ofjMolybdena. 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, in quartz. (Webster.) See West 
 
 Farms. 
 
 BROOKLYN. 
 
 Jlgate, on East river, abundant. (C. A. Lee.) 
 
118 NEW YORK. 
 
 BUFFALO. 
 
 Pyritous Shale, or pyritiferous rock, with thin, horizontal lay- 
 ers of 
 
 Bituminous Coal, 
 
 Alum, 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia, (epsom salts,) and immense quantities of 
 
 Iron Pyrites. Thousands of petrifactions may be seen in it on 
 the S. shore of lake Erie, 18 m. from Buffalo, which con- 
 sist wholly of iron pyrites. This rock extends from a con- 
 siderable distance E. of the S. end of Cayuga lake to lake 
 Erie, and many miles along the S. shore of the latter lake. 
 (Sil. 8.191.) 
 
 CALAIS. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron. (Hall.) 
 
 CALDWELL. 
 
 Smoky Quartz. (Webster.) See George lake. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 Sm,oky Quartz, amorphous. 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (Hall.) 
 
 CAMILLUS. 
 
 Compact Limestone, or argillo-ferruginous limestone. 
 Sparry Gypsum. (Webster.) 
 
 CANAAN. 
 
 Tabular Quartz. 
 
 Limestone. 
 
 Siliceous Limestone. 
 
 Quartz Crystallized. 
 
 Clay Slate. 
 
 Sd'phuret of Lead, fine steel grained, in the S. part of the 
 
 town, in limestone/ Sil. 5.21.) 
 Peat. (Sil. .8.54.) 
 
 CANAJOHARIE. 
 
 Lamellar Sulphate ofBarytes, 
 
 Brown Spar, 
 
 Quartz Crystals, with pyrimids on each end, 
 
NEW YORK. 113 
 
 Stalactitic Quartz, 
 
 Chalcedony, 
 
 Brown Hornstone, and pearly hornstone, 
 
 Jigate, in large course masses, 
 
 Petrosilex', 
 
 Anthracite, 
 
 Green Carbonate of Copper, 
 
 Sulphurel of Lead, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, are found in transition sand rock, which 
 crosses the canal in this town and in Florida, 10 in. W. of 
 Scheuectady, and W. of the Little falls in Herkimer Co. 
 It runs in a N E. and S. W. direction. 
 
 Transition Limestone, containing numerous petrifactions, eve- 
 ry where accompanies the before mentioned sand rock. 
 (titt. 8.196.) 
 
 CANASERAGA. 
 
 Gypsum, crystallized, in 6 sided prisms. (Webster.) 
 
 CANTON. 
 Compact Red Oxide of Iron. (C.) 
 
 CARLISLE. 
 
 Fibrous Sulphate of Barytes, in horizontal layers, or veins, 
 traversing a soft 
 
 Clay Slate, 34 m. W. from Albany. (C.) This locality is 
 about S m. in a N. W. direction from the court house, 3 
 m. W. of the Snhoharie Kill, and 3 m. S. W. from Sloan's 
 village, in the N. E. face of a hill which crosses the farms 
 of Jacob Dickinson, Andrew Griffin, and Abraham Alosier. 
 (SU. 2.174.) 
 
 Limestone, for water cement. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, with 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, yellow. ( Webster.) 
 
 CARTHAGE. 
 
 Chalcedony is found among the loose masses of rock below 
 
 the Genesee falls. (Sil 3 235.) 
 Sulphate of Magnesia. (Webster.) 
 
120 NEW YORK. 
 
 CATSKILL* 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in slightly acute rhombs, sometimes trans- 
 parent, in veins traversing 
 
 Compact Limestone. 
 
 Fibrous Limestone ; when polished, it resembles the satin spar. 
 
 Agaric Mineral, in thin, friable crusts, attached to secondary 
 limestone and 
 
 Marl, and sometimes in the cavities of shells. 
 
 Alum, 12 m. W. from Catskill, where it incrusts a crumbling 
 rock, in which it is also disseminated. Also on Catskill 
 mountain, in argillaceous sandstone, extending 4 m. N. 
 from the Clove passage ; also in the same mountain S. 
 W. from Cairo, where it occurs stalactical. (C.) Also 
 strongly impregnating a small spring, during winter and 
 spring, which issues from a ledge of clay slate, on the N. 
 side of the mountain, which rises immediately N. of Kaat- 
 erskill cove, and about a J of a m. from Mr. Absalom 
 Smith's. The water on arriving at the surface of the rock, 
 deposits the alum in the form of powder, which is collect- 
 ed and employed without further preparation, as a substi- 
 tute for imported alum. (SiL 4.249.J 
 
 Crystallized Quartz occurs at Diamond hill in yellowish clay, 
 between layers of grey wacke, which alternates with 
 
 Clay Slate. The crystals of quartz, some of which weigh 2 
 or 3 Ib. are very short 6 sided prisms, terminated by pyra- 
 mids, and sometimes contain veins or layers of clay, and 
 frequently embrace cavities containing a liquid, a bubble of 
 air, and some black or brown particles. (C.) 
 
 Flint, 
 
 Hornstone, and 
 
 Pitchstone, (which is more abundant than the two former,) on 
 the hill between the town and the Hudson, in veins on the 
 surface, or in veins in 
 
 Wacke, which is the principal rock in this vicinity. (SiL 
 2.13.) 
 
 Calcareous Tufa, in extensive beds and rocks, deposited by 
 streams issuing from caverns in limestone hills in this vi- 
 cinity ; also several beds of rich marl. (SiL 3.23G.) 
 
 Sulphur, in the fissures of the rocks, where alum occurs. 
 
 Malachite, about 2 m. E. of the mountains, with quartz and 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes. 
 
NEW YORK. 121 
 
 Specular Iron, in small quantities in detached masses of 
 
 quartz. (Sil 4.250.J 
 Sulphate of Lead. 
 Sulphate of Iron, and lenticular crystals of calcareous spar, 
 
 near Catskill. (Sil. 5.266.) 
 
 CAYUGA CO. 
 
 Compact Limestone, for water cement, (C.) or argillo-ferrugi- 
 nous limestone. (Sil. 3.230.) 
 
 CAYUGA LAKE. 
 
 Gypsum, near; several thousand tons are annually exported 
 from this' vicinity to Pennsylvania. 
 
 Laminated Selenite, and 
 
 Fibrous Gypsum, are associated with the more common vari- 
 ety, and the color of this selenite is often very dark. (C.) 
 
 CELERON ISLAND. See ERIE LAKE. 
 CHAMPION. 
 
 Agaric Mineral. (C.) 
 
 CHAMPLAIN LAKE. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime. Asparagus stone, near, in minute, red- 
 dish brown crystals, with oxide of iron. 
 
 Opalescent Feldspar, near, in an iron mine. 
 
 Jlpophyllite, near. 
 
 Sahlite, near. 
 
 Graphite, near, where it is sometimes in rhomboidal, or hex- 
 aedral laminae, with mica and carbonate of lime. (C.) It 
 occurs also at "Split-rock," in sienite. (Hall.) 
 
 Antimonicd Grey Copper, near, in primitive rocks. 
 
 Magnetic Sulphuret of Iron frequently occurs in the iron mines 
 on the west side of the lake. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide oj Iron, occurs in immense quantities on the 
 W. side of the lake, in granitic mountains, in beds from 1 to 
 20 feet thick, and generally unmixed with foreign substances. 
 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, near, in primitive rocks. (C.) 
 
 Favosite. (Sil. 7.59.) 
 
 Mularia, on the margin of the lake at a place called " Split- 
 rock." It occupies small, round cavities in sienite, and al- 
 so in 
 
 16 
 
122 NEW YORK. 
 
 Compact Limestone. 
 
 Tabular Spar, on Split-rock, beautiful and abundant. 
 
 Hypersthene, 10 rods VV. of Split-rock, in coarse sienite. 
 
 Crystals, often an inch or more in diameter, and 2 or 3 in 
 
 length. (Hall.) 
 
 CHATHAM. 
 
 Milky Quartz, in an amorphous mass more than 100 feet in 
 diameter, with hexaedral crystals disseminated. (C.) 
 
 Rhomboidal Quartz, (Sil. 5.2 1.) 
 
 Limpid Quartz, crystallized. (Sil. 8.37.J 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in flattened or spheroidal masses, with ra- 
 diations from the centre, and the masses often divide by a 
 natural seam into equal portions. It is sometimes capilla- 
 ry. (Sil. 8.54.) 
 
 CHERRY VALLEY. 
 
 Selenite occurs with 
 Gypsum. (Hall,) 
 
 CHITTENINGO. 
 
 Mineralized Wood. A fossil tree was found lying about ^ a 
 m. from the village, at the base of the Conasewago moun- 
 tains, within a few yards of a branch of the Erie canal, 
 which runs up to the village. Vast quantities of mineralized 
 wood, both in small and large masses, are scattered in all 
 directions around the stump. 
 
 Hydraulic Limestone, and beautiful 
 
 Lamellar Gypsum are found ,in this neighbourhood. 
 
 Sulphur; about 2 m from the village, a spring of water is 
 so highly charged with it, that branches of trees thrown in- 
 to it, soon become incrusted with that mineral. (Sil. 5.251.) 
 
 CITY OF NEW YORK. See NEW YORK CITY. 
 CLAVERACK. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, a vein has recently been discovered. (C.) 
 
 CLINTON. 
 
 Brown Spar; near Hamilton College. 
 
 Anthracite, near Hamilton College, in cavities of quartz ; it is 
 black, friable, has an earthy texture, and soils the fissures. 
 
NEW YORK. 123 
 
 Sulphur et of Zinc, near the College; it occurs in beautiful, 
 
 wax yellow, and nearly transparent crystals. (C.) 
 Peat and 
 Marl. (Sil. 1.139.) 
 
 COEYMANS. 
 
 Compact Limestone, a light brown, or grey marble, variegat- 
 ed by whitish fossil remains of the anomia, entrochite, 
 &c. it is hard, and does not receive a good polish. 
 
 Marl, containing 40 to 85 per cent, of carbonate of lime, and 
 embracing the voluta and helix. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia, in an alluvial bed 20 or 30 feet thick, 
 where it effloresces on the sides of excavations, made by 
 rivulets, or for roads, &c. ; also 10 m. N. W. on the E. face 
 of the Helderberg, in acicular crystals, and effloresces on a 
 calcareous sandstone, which rests on secondary, compact 
 limestone. (C.) 
 
 Calcareous Spar. (Webster.} 
 
 COHOES. 
 
 Basanite, near, on the Mohawk, and in various places between 
 
 the Mohawk and Dutches Co., associated with 
 Clay Slate, with which it alternates. (C.) 
 Calcareous Spar, in lenticular crystals. (Webster.) 
 
 COLD SPRING. 
 
 Stilbite,'m feldspar, a specimen so labelled, from Maj.Delafield. 
 
 Magnesian Carbonate of Lime. 
 
 Coccolite. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand. (Webster.} 
 
 COLUMBIA CO. 
 
 Milky quartz. (C.) 
 
 Sinople Jasper. (E.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, a very rich ore, mixed with 
 
 Pyrites, is found in abundance in the southern part of the 
 
 county, not far from the Ancrarn iron works. (Sil. 5.21.) 
 Chlorite Slate, abundant. (Sil. 8.52.) See Livingston's lead 
 
 mine. 
 
 Wacke. (Sil. 8.258.) 
 Argillaceous Red Oxide of Iron. 
 Argillaceous Schistose Iron Stone. (Webster.*) 
 
124 NEW YORK. 
 
 CONCORD. 
 
 Black Tourmaline, 
 
 Feldspar, common, crystalline, 
 
 Malaria, 
 
 Petuntze, 
 
 Garnets, 
 
 Graphite, foliated, in small scales, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena, are found in massive granite, which 
 occurs in an extensive ridge, on the N. side of the Sacandaga 
 river, and not far from the road, leading from Edinburgh 
 to Hadley, of a beautiful flesh color, consisting mostly of 
 feldspar. (Steel.) 
 
 CORINTH. 
 
 Yellow Earth, near the foot of the Kayaderosseras mountain, 
 on the farm of Judge Cowles, fine quality, and is said to 
 occur in great abundance. By heat it is converted into 
 what is called English or Prussian red. (Steel.) 
 
 CONSTITUTION ISLAND. See WEST POINT. 
 
 CORLAER'S HOOK. 
 
 Concreted Carbonate of Lime, (oolite,) near the city, in alluvi- 
 al deposit ; it consists of aggregated globules, about the 
 size of mustard seed, and composed of concentric layers. 
 
 Basanite, in detached masses in alluvial soil. 
 
 JManganesian Garnet, in small, brownish, nearly opaque, ag- 
 gregated crystals, in primitive rocks. 
 
 JLsbestus ; it is sometimes plumous, presenting on its fracture, 
 delicate filaments, arranged in the form of feathers. 
 
 Actynolite. The asbestous or acicular variety occurs green, 
 with a tinge of yellow or blue. (C.) 
 
 Apatite, crystallized and amorphous, in granite, chiefly in the 
 feldspar, (Sil. 1.236.) 
 
 Graphite, in a calcareo-siliceous gangue. (Sil. 1.237.) 
 
 Epidotc, in beautiful crystals, in a rock composed of schorl, 
 quartz, cubic crystals of carbonate of lime, indicolite, Sic. 
 and an ore which probably contains nickel. (Sil. 2.241.) 
 
 Madreporite, found 50 feet below the surface. (Sil. 5.267.) 
 
 CROWN POINT. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, apatite, near, in clove brown, 6 sided 
 
NEW YORK. 125 
 
 prisms, generally { of an inch long, in granular oxide of iron. 
 Green Diallage, near lake Cham plain. 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, very abundant. (See lake Cham- 
 
 plain.) Large beds of this ore extend, with little interrup- 
 
 tion, from Canada to the vicinity of New York. The ore at 
 
 this place is most esteemed. (C.) 
 Ammonite, on the surface of 
 Secondary Limestone, in the vicinity of the fortifications. They 
 
 are from | an inch to 2 inches in diameter, very frangible, 
 
 and cannot be detached entire from the rocks, without a 
 
 mallet and chisel. (Sil. 7.58.) 
 Specular Oxide of Iron. 
 Verd Antique ? 2 or 3 m. N. from the fort, on the W. shore 
 
 of lake Champlain. (Hall.) 
 
 DANUBE. 
 
 Quartz Crystals. (Webster.) 
 
 DAUPHNY. 
 
 Quartz Crystals, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc ; specimens so labelled, from Maj. Dela- 
 field. 
 
 DELHI. 
 
 Clay, near, of fine quality, in beds. (Sil. 1.242.) 
 
 DIAMOND ISLE. See GEORGE LAKE. 
 DIAMOND POINT. See GEORGE LAKE. 
 DUTCHES CO. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, laminated and associated with quartz. (C.) 
 Peat, soft, viscid, dark brown, burns with a bright flame, of 
 
 the compact variety, and excellent quality, abundant. 
 Marl, a stratum from 2 to 3 feet thick, underlaying the peat. 
 
 (Sil. 1.139.) 
 
 Granular Limestone, associated with great quantities of 
 Dolomite, and 
 Magnesian Limestone, along the east side of the county. (Sil. 
 
 8.241.) 
 Sulphuret aj Lead occurs in several places in this Co. (Sil. 
 
 8.260.) 
 
 U7BRSrT 
 
 
 
NEW YORK. 
 
 Graphite. 
 
 Arsenical Sulphuret of Iron, in quartz. (Webster.) 
 
 ERIE LAKE. 
 
 Sulphate of Strontian, at the S. W. extremity of the lake, 
 on Moss Island, near Put-in-Bay, and nearly 1 m. W. from 
 the South Bass island ; it occurs both massive, and in 6 sid- 
 ed or rhomboidal prisms, more or less transparent, in 
 
 Compact Limestone, containing shells. (C.) Sulphate of Stron- 
 tian occurs in a vein, in a perpendicular cliff of limestone, 
 about 50 feet high, and midway between its base and sum- 
 mit ; it commences with a thickness of 4 feet, extends about 
 50 feet, nearly parallel to the surface of the lake, and ter- 
 minates at a thickness of 1 foot. Where it begins, it con- 
 sists of the compact crystallized variety, but distinct crys- 
 tals cannot be obtained. The vein terminates in the folia- 
 ted and fibrous variety. A quantity of distinct crystals were 
 found in a cavity in the massive end of the vein. (Sil. 
 4.279.) This locality is at the upper end of lake Erie, 4 m. 
 from Put-in-Bay harbour, and 4 m. from the nearest main 
 land, on a solitary, oblong island, with precipitous sides of 
 about 60 feet high ; the S. end covered with trees. About 
 the middle of the E. side, in the face of the cliff, limestone, 
 the strontian occurs in a mass, about 4 yards by 3 in ex- 
 tent, ramifying every where, but more plentiful in the hori- 
 zontal direction ; in promiscuously aggregated bundles of 
 crystals united laterally, from 1 to 4 inches long. Drusy 
 cavities are numerous in the mass ; here the crystals are 
 perfect, and of enormous size ; one weighed 6 lb. Folia- 
 ted Celestine also occurs on the island of Celeron and Grosse 
 isle, at the mouth of Detroit river, where it appears to have 
 combined in some places with the limestone. (Sil. 4.281.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Mercury occurs in the soil in the form of a black 
 and red sand, but is usually more abundant in banks of fine 
 ferruginous clay, on the shores of the Detroit river, and 
 lake Erie to the mouth of Vermillion river, where it is in 
 the form of a very fine red powder, or in grains, and small 
 masses, disseminated in clay. It yields by distillation, 
 about 60 per cent, of mercury. (C.) 
 
 Argillaceous Iron, embracing shells and other animal remains, 
 in the bed of Rocky river, 25 m. S. from lake Erie. (Sil. 
 1.239.) 
 
NEW YORK. 127 
 
 Iron Sand, on the shore of lake Erie, near the river Ashta- 
 bula, in considerable quantity. (SU. 2.238.) 
 
 Sulphate of Barijtes. (Sit. 2.241.) This mineral, on exami- 
 nation, proves to be Sulphate of Strontian, and is found in 
 Mouse island, which lies about 1 m. W. of Bass, or Put-in- 
 Bay island. (fet/. 3.363.) 
 
 ESSEX CO. 
 
 Green Coccolite, in bluish crystallized 
 Carbonate of Lime, very beautiful. (SU. 5.269.) 
 
 FAIRFIELD. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in beautiful transparent crystals, with pyra- 
 mids at both ends. (C.) 
 Sulphate of Barytes, lamellar. (Webster.} 
 
 FARMINGTON. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, at Clifton springs, 1 1 m. from Geneva, mixed 
 with native sulphur, from which it may be extracted by wa- 
 ter. 
 
 Sulphur, deposited from the waters of Clifton springs, in 
 grains. Moss, and other vegetables, over which the water 
 Hows, become incrusted with sulphur. (C.) 
 
 Petroleum, at the Clifton springs. (Webster.) 
 
 FISHKILL. 
 
 Garnet, near, rose colored. (C.) 
 
 FISHKILL MOUNTAINS. .* 
 
 Compact Feldspar, in these mountains, and different parts of 
 the Highlands, in veins traversing gneiss. (C.) 
 
 ^ 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 Lamellar Sulphate oj Barytes, 
 
 Brown Spar, 
 
 Quartz Crystals, with pyramids on each end, 
 
 Stalactitic Quartz, 
 
 Chalcedony, 
 
 Brown Hornston?, and pearly hornstonej 
 
 Jlgate, large masses of coarse 
 
 Petrosilex, 
 
128 NEW YORK. 
 
 Anthracite, 
 
 Green Carbonate of Copper, 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, are found in a transition sand rock, which 
 
 crosses the canal in this town, 10 in. W. of Schenectady ; 
 
 also in Canajoharie, and W. of the Little falls in Herkimer 
 
 Co. It runs in a N. E. and S. W. direction. 
 Transition Limestone, with numerous petrifactions, every 
 
 where accompanies the before mentioned sand rock. (Sit. 
 
 8.196.) 
 Calcareous Spar, white, black, and red. (Webster.) 
 
 . FORT LEE. 
 
 Pyritous Copper, near the fort, on the Hudson, in the beds of 
 streams, proceeding from the neighboring hills; it occurs 
 in quartz, or in a breccia, with 
 
 Fibrous Carbonate of Copper, and 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron. (C.) 
 
 FORT PUTNAM. See WEST POINT. 
 GALEN. 
 
 Muriate of Soda, in a spring, productive. (C.) 
 Bitumen, and 
 Petroleum. (Webster.) 
 
 GALWAY. 
 
 Compact Limestone, dark blue color. 
 
 Sulphate of Lime , (gypsum,) occurs in a spring on the farm 
 of Earl Stimpson, Esq. (Steel ) 
 
 GENESEE. 
 
 Quartz, in alluvial soil, in very minute, shining prisms, termi- 
 nated by pyramids. (C.) 
 
 GENESEO. 
 
 Bituminous Coal, of superior quality, in a vein taken from the 
 
 face of a cliff 50 feet in height, composed of a dark colored, 
 
 Calcareous Slate, which by friction emits a fetid odour, near 
 
 a brook called Quisequagh, about 8 m. from Geneseo. (SiL 
 
 7.56.) 
 
NEW YORK. 
 
 GENEVA. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand. ( Webster.) 
 
 GEORGE, LAKE. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, on Diamond island, in short 6 sided prisms, 
 with 3 sided summits, with quartz in 
 
 Secondary Limestone. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, on the islands in lake George, in very beau- 
 tiful, transparent crystals, which are generally 6 sided 
 prisms, often w : th pyramidal terminations. These crystals, 
 sometimes 5 inches long, occur loose, or in cavities in a 
 quartzy gangue. 
 
 JEpidote, on the W. shore, 8 m. from Ticonderoga, it occurs 
 compact, and deep yellow, with a shade of green. 
 
 Silico Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, near, in clove brown 
 crystals, in an aggregate of feldspar, and hornblende with 
 graphite. 
 
 Graphite, near, in primitive rocks ; sometimes in very com- 
 pact masses, weighing 12 Ib (C.) 
 
 Compact Dove colored Limestone, apparently of the transition 
 class, forms ledges at the head of lake George, and the walls 
 of old fort George are composed of it. The quartz crys- 
 tals in the islands of the S. end of lake George, are most 
 abundant on Diamond island, 3 or 4 in. from the village of 
 Caldwell, where they are found in the same compact lime- 
 stone which forms the ledges above mentioned. (Sil. 4.44 ) 
 
 Calcareous Spar, very brilliant, rhombic masses present them- 
 selves in the rocks on the island, supposed to be 
 
 Rhomb Spar. Quartz crystals are found at a place on the N. 
 shore of the lake, called Diamond Point, in the same rock 
 as on the island, with portions of 
 
 Chalcedony, 
 
 Hornstone and 
 
 Agate. (Sil. 4.45.) 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand, very abundant around the head of lake 
 George, of a fine glossy black. (Sil. 4.46.) 
 
 Hozmatite abounds in the primitive mountains, around lake 
 
 George. That from a promontory, called Anthony's Nose, 
 
 a few m. S. of Ticonderoga, and nearly opposite to Rogers' 
 
 Rock, is ground and used as a substitute for emery. It is 
 
 17 
 
130 NEW YORK. 
 
 handsome and well characterized ; compact, lamellar, fi- 
 brous, mammillary, botryoidal, &ic. 
 
 Feldspar, flesh red, in very large plates in granite ; and com- 
 pact epidote, in loose stones, of a chrome yellow, but with 
 a shade of green, on the W. shore of lake George, 8 m. 
 from Ticonderoga, where may be found 
 
 Garnet, and 
 
 Black Tourmaline. (Sil. 4.47.) 
 
 Satin Spar, in thin, delicate, but extensive veins, principally 
 in the fallen rocks, below the bridge ; generally of a bril- 
 liant white, but sometimes it is black. 
 
 Rhomb Spar, in well defined, glistening crystals, occurs in the 
 Black Limestone, at Glenn's Falls. (Sil. 4.44.) 
 
 GLENVILLE. 
 
 Marble, containing shells. (Webster.) 
 
 GRANVILLE. 
 
 Marble, clouded, said to be extensively wrought. (C.) 
 
 GREENBUSH. 
 
 Quartz, in prisms, sometimes 3 inches in diameter, with pyr- 
 amids at both extremities. 
 Jasper, in rolled masses. 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (C.) See Rensselaer Co. 
 Shining Clay Slate. (Webster.) 
 
 GREENE CO. 
 
 Sulphate oj Iron, in the channel of a stream, 2 m. S. E. of 
 the Durham m. h. distinctly characterized, in a coarse vari- 
 ety of slate, which abounds with imperfect vegetable im- 
 pressions, some of which are converted into 
 
 Coal ; also 
 
 Sulphuret oj Iron. (Sil. 4.250.) 
 
 GREENFIELD. 
 
 Chrysoberyl, about 1 m. N. from the High Rock spring, Sa- 
 ratoga, in a vein of granite, traversing gneiss. This vein i f s 
 composed of 
 
NEW YORK. 
 
 Mica, in large, irregular masses, prismatic and laminated ; the 
 latter affords some well defined, rhombic crystals, and 
 
 Feldspar, highly crystalline, which affords fine crystals of 
 
 JLdularia; and quartz, which is in considerable proportion. 
 
 Schorl, in this vein, in great abundance, perfect and beautiful. 
 
 Emerald, in small crystals, with the chrysoberyl ; rare. 
 
 Garnets are also found in this mass of highly crystalline sub- 
 stances. Garnets abound every where in the gneiss, which 
 constitutes the eastern face of Pulmertown mountain ; also 
 in great abundance, and large, in mica slate, near, and 
 along the southern termination of the primitive region. 
 
 Graphite, foliated, and the oxide of iron, are diffused in the 
 mica slate. (Steel.') 
 
 GREENWOOD FURNACE. See MUNROE. 
 GUILDERLAND. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore. (Webster.} 
 
 GROSSE ISLAND. See ERIE LAKE. 
 
 Indicolite. (C.) 
 Epidote. (Webster. 
 
 HAARLEM HEIGHTS. 
 
 HADLEY. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron issues from the walls of the transition rocks, 
 near the falls. (Steel.) 
 
 HAMILTON COLLEGE. See CLINTON. 
 HAVERSTRAW BAY. 
 
 Metalloidal Diallage, on the western shore of the bay. 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in the tiaverstraw mountains, forming beds 
 in greenstone. (C.) 
 
 HELDERBERG. 
 
 Snowy Gypsum, connected with calcareous sandstone. 
 
 Ferruginous Quartz, 16 m. from Albany, in fine crystals. (C.) 
 
 Marl, 
 
 Clay, and Ochres, 
 
132 NEW YORK. 
 
 Alum, and petrifactions. (Sil. 5.269.) 
 
 Calcareous Spar, handsome, crystallized. (Sil. 5.270.) 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia, in crystals. 
 
 Sulphate of Alumine. Ferruginous Quartz, 
 
 Sulphur, from 
 
 Sulphur et of Iron. 
 
 Ochrey Brown Oxide of Iron. {Webster.) 
 
 HERKIMER CO. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen Gas issues through the water, near 
 the head of Otsquago creek, manifestly proceeding from 
 
 Pyritous Shale. It burns with a flame equal in extent to half 
 a dozen candles. (Sil. 8.197.) 
 
 HIGHLANDS. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, adjacent to the Hudson, in 
 
 Limestone. 
 
 Mica, at Munroe iron works, in black, 6 sided tables, 6 inch- 
 es in diameter. 
 
 Epidote. 
 
 Graphite, 60 m. above N. York, with a structure between 
 lamellar acd striated. 
 
 Magnetic Pyrites. 
 
 Arsenical Sulphur et of Iron. 
 
 Magnetic Qjcide of Iron. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc ; it occurs black, opaque, nearly dull, and 
 resembling some varieties of hornblende. 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena. (C.) 
 
 Stilbite, opposite West Point, in a decomposing, cellular, blu- 
 ish feldspar, forming a vein in gneiss, in small, aggregated 
 crystals, of a honey yellow color. (Sil. 5.399.) 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, green. (Webster.) 
 
 HILLSDALE. 
 
 Transition Limestone. (fil. 8.21J 
 
 Iron Ore beds are found in the same range with that noticed 
 in Araenia. (Sil. 8.243.) 
 
 HONEOYE. 
 
 Jin Inflammable Gas proceeds from a fissure in a friable, sla- 
 ty rock, whose surface is covered with a 
 Bituminous Substance. It has the odour of putrid eggs. (C.) 
 
NEW YORK. 133 
 
 HOOSACK. 
 
 Clay Slate, whence large quantities are annually carried t 
 
 Albany. (C.) 
 Metalliferous Limestone. (Sil. 8.21.) 
 
 HUDSON. 
 
 Compact Limestone, a greyish brown Marble, beautifully vari- 
 egated by encrinites, and other organic remains, occurs near 
 
 Selenite, near, in clay. 
 
 Basanite, near. 
 
 Epidote, near. (C.) 
 
 Argillaceous Marl, constitutes the foundation of the city, in 
 horizontal strata, containing a considerable portion of 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia. 
 
 Siliceous Slate, in front of the principal street, forming a steep 
 bank, which rises about 70 feet above the surface of the 
 river. 
 
 Blue Compact Limestone, on Becraft's mountain, containing a 
 great variety of petrifactions. 
 
 Chlorite, nnd 
 
 Jasper, and basanite, in rounded fragments on Prospect hill, 
 about 1 m. from the river. (Sil. 4.34.) 
 
 Jade, nephrite, found in rolled masses. (Webster.) 
 
 HYDE PARK. 
 
 foetid Carbonate of Lime, in strata nearly vertical ; and some- 
 times traversed by veins of Calcareous Sjpar. Its color is 
 sometimes almost black. (C.) 
 
 JAY. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, usually brown, of different shades, 
 sometimes a brilliant black. (Hall.) 
 
 JOHNSON. 
 
 Quartz, and 
 Garnet. (Webster.) 
 
 K1NGSBRIDGE. 
 
 Marble, wrought from 
 
 Granular Limestone, sometimes traversed by narrow veins of 
 granite, mica slate, and quartz, and contains occasionally 
 
134 NEW YORK. 
 
 Yellow Jllica, and 
 
 White Augite, which is imbedded in the limestone, in rectan- 
 gular, 4 sided tables, or 8 sided prisms, and 
 
 Tourmaline, &r. ; this limestone passes through West Ches- 
 ter Co., in strata dipping to the S. E. at about 65, and is 
 connected with that extensive deposit of granular limestone, 
 which accompanies primitive rocks from Canada through 
 the western parts of New England, crosses the Hudson 
 near Stony Point into Rockland Co., and again appears in 
 New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. 
 
 Rhtftizite, (cyanite,) a mineral resembling the rhaetizite is 
 found in granular limestone, in yellowish white, crystalline 
 masses, laminated, translucent, or transparent. 
 
 Schorl, in granular limestone, brown, or reddish brown, trans- 
 lucent, usually in 9 sided prisms, terminated at each end by 
 3 faces. Also in brownish yellow, 6 sided prisms, well 
 terminated by 3 planes. 
 
 fetid Feldspar, in primitive limestone, fetid when struck, blu- 
 ish white, and contains carbonate of lime. 
 
 Tremolite) both crystallized, and in fibrous masses, in primi- 
 tive limestone. 
 
 Sutohuret of Iron, in small dodecaedrons, with pentagonal fa- 
 ces, in primitive limestone. 
 
 Red Oxide- of Titanium, near, on the island, amorphous, or in 
 small, quadrangular, prismatic, transparent crystals, which 
 are sometimes geniculated, and sometimes acicular ; color 
 varies from dark blood red to a light red, disseminated in 
 veins composed of 
 
 Fetid Qtrtfe, feldspar, mica, and limestone, which traverse 
 primitive limestone. 
 
 Silico- Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, in small, rhomboidal 
 
 Drisms with diedral summits, of a light dove color, in prim- 
 
 T / r< \ 
 
 itive limestone. ( ^*) 
 
 Reef Tourmaline, imbedded in primitive limestone, or rather 
 JJolomite. The tourmaline occurs in crystals of various shades 
 of red and brown, (nil. 2.366.) 15 m. from the city. 
 
 KNOX. 
 
 Fibrous Carbonate of Lime, in a cave. (Webster.) 
 LAKES. See their proper names. 
 
NEW YORK. 135 
 
 LANSINGBURG. 
 
 Quarts, in small, brilliant, well defined crystals. (C.) 
 Glazed Slate. (Sil. 8.22.) 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia, effloresces on clay in the bank of the 
 Hudson, 3 m. above the village of Lansingburg. (Sil. 8.GO.) 
 
 LEICESTER. 
 
 Brown Spar, on Genesee river, in dark brown, translucent, 
 lenticular crystals, sometimes so grouped as to present a 
 a scaly aspect, (C.) 
 
 LENOX. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. (Webster.) 
 
 LEWIS CO. 
 
 Green Fluate of Lime. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in green fluor. (Webster.) 
 
 LEWISTOWN. 
 
 Compact Limestone, forming the banks of the Niagara, which 
 are here 150 feet perpendicular. 
 
 Gypsum is found filling the cavities in the rocks, on the edge 
 of this bank, all the way from this town to the Falls, from 
 100 to 150 feet above the present high water mark. These 
 little cavities in the rocks are numerous, most of them are 
 filled with rhomboidal crystals of 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, and on these rhomboidal crystals are 
 occasionally found and deposited, those almost cubic crystals 
 of carbonate of lime, the cuboide of Haiiy. (Sil. 4.36.) 
 
 LITTLE FALLS. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, in lamellar masses, at these Falls, which 
 are on the Mohawk, Herkimer Co. (C.) 
 
 Argillaceous Iron Ore, in an uninterrupted stratum, or layer, 
 extending from near these Falls to 30 m. beyond Niagara 
 river. There is a single, unbroken stratum of this ore 250 
 m. long, and from 20 to 30 m. broad, and generally from 
 12 to 20 inches thick. (Sil. 8.196.) See Herkimer Co. 
 
 Siliceous Rock. 
 
 Compact Feldspar, in gneiss. 
 
 Anthracite. 
 
 Graphite. (Webster.) 
 
136 NEW YORK. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes. associated with galena. Columbia Co. 
 
 Sulphuret of Silver, in the lead mine. 
 
 Sulphuret oj Lead, in veins, sometimes large, traversing a sla- 
 ty rock, and associated with 
 
 Blende, 
 
 Pyrites, 
 
 Pyritous Copper, 
 
 Malachite, sulphate of barytes, fee. This ore is sometimes 
 foliated, and sometimes steel grained, yielding from 70 to 
 80 per cent, of lead. When all the varieties are melted to- 
 gether, one ton is said to yield 118 oz. of silver. (C.) 
 
 LOCKPORT. 
 
 Brown Spar, in small, rhomboidal crystals ; surfaces curved, 
 white, pearly. 
 
 Selenite, in laminated masses, transparent. (Hall.) 
 
 Sulphate of Strontian, in beautiful crystals. 
 
 Dog tooth Spar, and 
 
 Pearl Spar, in immense quantities. 
 
 Jlrragonite, rare. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, in limpid, cubic crystals. 
 
 Snowy Gypsum, and selenite, abundant. 
 
 Quartz Crystals, numerous; also petrifactions. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, waxy, transparent. The foregoing min- 
 are found in geodes, which abound in 
 
 Swinestone, or geodiferous lime rock, which forms most of Ni- 
 agara falls. The canal in this place is cut 30 feet deep in- 
 to it for 2 m. East of Genesee river it is cut through it for 
 about ^ a m. It extends from Genesee river to a consid- 
 erable "distance W. of Niagara river. (SiL 8A97.) 
 
 Sparry Anhydrous Sulphate of Lime, and Epigene. (Webster.) 
 
 LONG ISLAND. 
 
 Jasper, in large rolled masses, usually red, sometimes brown. 
 
 Green Feldspar, at Cow bay, apple green, and in considera- 
 ble quantities. 
 
 Columnar Jjrgillacoous Oxide of Iron, near Plandome, in 
 small columns. 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena. (C.) 
 
 Clay, very white, in beds, and 
 
NEW YORK. 137 
 
 Fossil Wood, at Sand's Point. (a'i7. 7.35.) 
 
 LYONS. 
 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron. (C. Ji. Lee.) 
 
 MADISON CO. 
 
 Sulphate of Lime is very abundant. 
 
 Laminated Selenite, and 
 
 Fibrous Gypskm are associated with the more common varie- 
 ty, and the color of this selenite is often very black. Sul- 
 phate of lirne is very abundant in Onondaga, in this Co., 
 and in the vicinity of Caynga lake, whence several thousand 
 tons are annually exported to Pennsylvania. 
 
 Compact Limestone, or argillo-ferruginous limestone, for wa- 
 ter cement. (C.) 
 
 MALONE. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron. (Hall.) 
 
 MANLIUS. 
 
 Gypsum alternates with an argillaceous slaty rock. The gyp- 
 sum of this state is often connected with compact limestone, 
 and calcareous sandstone. (C.) It occurs on the S. bank 
 of the great canal. 
 
 Sulphate of Lime, in prismatic crystals. (Webster.) 
 
 MARBLETOVVN. 
 
 Calcareous Spar. 
 
 Black Marble. 
 
 Marl, containing fossil bones. 
 
 Graphite, in carbonate of lime. (Webster.) 
 
 MILTON. 
 
 Compact Limestone, dark blue color. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen occurs in the waters of a weak, acid- 
 ulous saline, 2 m. W. from Saratoga springs. (Steel.) 
 
 MONTEZUMA. 
 
 Muriate of Soda, springs of water impregnated with this salt. 
 
 (C.) 
 
 Compact Limestone, for water cement. (Webster.) 
 13 
 
138 NEW YORK, 
 
 MONTGOMERY. 
 
 Compact Limestone, with shells, and 
 
 Quartz Crystals j in the seams in limestone, fine and abund- 
 ant. 
 
 Potter's Clay. 
 
 Shale, with vegetable impressions, containing veins of 
 
 Coal. These minerals are found in the village of Walden, 11 
 m. from Newburg. 
 
 Fuller's Earth, near the village. (J. M. Capron.) 
 
 MOREAU. 
 
 Calcareous Spar occurs in the seams and fissures of argillite 
 more abundant at Baker's falls. 
 
 Granular Limestone, in the immediate vicinity of the soap- 
 stone, and appears to rest upon it. 
 
 Compact Limestone, dark blue color. 
 
 Coccolite, in this locality of granular limestone, in considerable 
 masses of a dark green color, in distinct, granular concre- 
 tions, translucent, and nearly the size of a pea. 
 
 Steatite occurs at, or near the foot of the Palmertown moun- 
 tain, covered by granular limestone. It is the variety 
 called 
 
 Potstone. 
 
 Clay Slate forms the bed of the Hudson to a little above 
 Baker's falls, opposite Moreau, and appears to underlay the 
 greater part of the county, not included in the primitive. 
 
 Graphite, in thin laminae, imbedded in granular limestone ; 
 also glazing some of the argillite. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, imbedded in granular limestone, in consid- 
 erable masses. 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena, frequently diffused among the grains 
 of coccolite, usually in small lamellar masses, sometimes in 
 6 sided tables ; graphite frequently occurs in the same 
 mass. (Steel.) 
 
 MORIA. 
 
 Graphite, on the E. side of a mountain, and but a few rods 
 
 from the road. 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, the polarity of its small fragments 
 
 very striking. 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, on granite. (Hall.) 
 
NEW YORK. 139 
 
 MORRISIANA. 
 
 Rose, or Milk Quartz. (Webster.) 
 
 MOSS, Or MOUSE ISLAND. See ERIE LAKE. 
 MOUNT DUNDERBERG. 
 
 Graphite occurs both foliated and compact (C.) 
 
 MOUNT MARINO. 
 
 Siliceous Slate, base of the causeway, and 
 Basanite, near the S. end of the causeway, in the flinty slate, 
 abundant. (E. 177.J 
 
 MUNROE. 
 
 Mica, at the iron works, in black, 6 sided tables, 6 inches ia 
 diameter. (C.) Munro iron works are situated on the riv- 
 er Ramapaugh. (SiL 5.25.) 
 
 Green Coccolite, and 
 
 Sahlite, about 18 or 20 m. S. of Newburgh, and about \ a m. 
 from Greenwood furnace, and near a small stream which 
 moves the machinery of the works, were found large rocks, 
 of a very beautiful, green coccolite, and sahlite. This lo- 
 cality is extraordinary, in presenting specimens of these 
 minerals, in great abundance, and of uncommon beauty. 
 
 Green Jiugite rock, forming the roof and sides of an exca- 
 vation, made in searching for iron ore, in the bank of a 
 ravine, through which ran the stream spoken of above. 
 This rock has natural fissures, so that the fragments, which 
 were of irregular shape and size, could be easily separated 
 with a pick axe. The crystals were generally found on 
 the edges and surfaces of these fragments ; but many speci- 
 mens were found, in which the crystals were imbedded in 
 a mass of 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, or protruded from it. A vein of 
 
 Green Mica, about 1 foot in breadth, and several feet in depth, 
 passed through the rocks, mostly in 6 sided tables, some- 
 times in large, triangular pyramids. On the borders of this 
 vein were found nearly all the crystals of augite, all of which 
 are 8 sided prisms, with summits of from 4 to 8 faces, of 
 a brilliant lustre. Their size varies from that of extreme 
 minuteness, to that of 5 or 6 inches in circumference, 
 
140 NEW YORK. 
 
 Ceylanite, or Black Ppinelle, accompanied by 
 
 Brucite, both lying in carbonate of lime, a rich locality, about 
 4 m. from Greenwood, in the direction of fort Montgomery. 
 The ceylanite was mostly in octaedrons. very small, and so 
 thick and in such numbers, as to form, large, black snipes, 
 several inches in breadth, and feet in length, in the lime- 
 stone. Ceylanite has hern found at the Forest of Dean, 
 some miles distant from the above locality. (Sil. 8.88 to 92.) 
 
 Octaedral Iron ? 
 
 NEW CONCORD. 
 
 Radiated Sulphuret of Iron, in spheroidal masses. (C.) 
 
 NEW LEBANON. 
 
 Aluminous Slate, near the springs. (C.) 
 
 Mum, (Sil. 5.21.) found in abundance in aluminous slate. 
 
 (St7. 8.36.) 
 
 Siliceous Limestone, rhomboidal. 
 Roofing Slate, slate and limestone with talc glazing. 
 Peat, in Hunter's, and in Adgate's swamp. 
 Cubic Pyrites, in slate. 
 Iron Ore. (Sil 5.21.) 
 Transition Limestone, from which issues the mineral spring. 
 
 (Sil. 8.21.; 
 
 Muriate of Soda, in the spring. (Sil. 8.32.) 
 Calcareous Tufa, deposited in quantity from the spring, often 
 
 presenting fine mammillary and verrucose forms. (Sil. 8.34.) 
 
 NEW PALTZ. 
 
 Clay Slate, (C.) roofing slate. 
 
 NEWPORT. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, 95 m. N. W. from Albany, in perfectly trans- 
 parent crystals, and terminated at both ends by pyramids, 
 equal in beauty to those of Fairfield. (Sil. 6.247.) 
 
 NEWTOWN. 
 
 Bituminous Wood. (Webster.) 
 
 NEW YORK CITY> AND ISLAND. 
 
 Dolomite, near, large grained, containing 
 
NEW YORK. 141 
 
 Tremolite. 
 
 Apatite, near, usually in greenish prisms imbedded in granite. 
 
 Asparagus Stone, on the Island, in a vein of quartz traversing 
 mica slate, pale or deep green prisms, 2 to 4 inches long. 
 
 Rose Red Quartz, on the island, in granite. 
 
 Hornstone, on the island, in rolled masses, with 
 
 Jasper. The striped variety of jasper has been found on the 
 shores of the Hudson, in rolled masses, yellowish white, 
 muddy blue and green. 
 
 Cyanite, near, in granite (C.) ; also 4 m. from the city. 
 (Webtttr.) 
 
 Staurotide, 3| m. on the bank of the Hudson, in mica slate, 
 in short but very perfect 4 sided prisms, terminated by di- 
 edral summits. 
 
 Mica, near, in very perfect 6 sided prisms in granite. 
 
 Adularia, near, in small crystals, in veins of quartz, which 
 traverse limestone. 
 
 Beryl, on the island, in small crystals in granite. 
 
 Epidote, near, in bright yellowish green crystals, in mica slate 
 and other primitive rocks. 
 
 Zeolite, near, in primitive rocks. 
 
 Asbestus. radiated, or stellated, is found in large rolled masses, 
 in several parts of the island, and on the banks of the Hud- 
 son, 4| m. from the city, it occurs in a rock of considera- 
 ble extent. 
 
 Jlctynolite, on the island, in granite ; also in radiated asbes- 
 tus, in which it occurs, in long, compressed, rhombic 
 prisms, fine green color and vitreous lustre. 
 
 Green Earth, on the river Hudson. 
 
 Graphite, near, in a feldspar rock. Also in hexaedral prisms 
 in a gangue of brownish oxide of iron, embracing horn- 
 blende and mica. 
 
 Bog Ore, on the island, in large beds, and contains much 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, which occurs also in hollow, friable 
 pebbles, in alluvial hills, and is very pure. 
 
 Sulphuret ofMolybdena, on the island, in very flexible folia, 
 and in thicker masses in gneiss. 
 
 Red O*ide of Titanium, on Hudson river, both crystallized 
 and amorphous, in a gangue of 
 
 Carbonate of Lime. (C.) Graphic granite, near, on North 
 river. (M. 1.237.) 
 
 Emerald. 
 
142 NEW YORK. 
 
 Pyroxene, in primitive limestone. 
 
 Manganesian Epidote. 
 
 Red Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Garnet, 4 m. from the city. 
 
 Mesotype, 9 m. from the city. (Webster.'] See Corker's Hook. 
 
 NEW YORK CO. 
 
 Tourmaline, in a basaltic matrix. 
 Graphite, in sparry limestone. 
 Green Phosphate of Iron. (Webster.) 
 
 NIAGARA CO. 
 
 Sparry Gypsum. 
 
 Sulphur, in Asbestus and limestone. (Webster.) 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, at the foot of Goat island, in 6 sided prisms, 
 and in rhombs. 
 
 Calcareous Tufa, incrusting moss. 
 
 Gypsum, snow white, and sometimes granular, and 
 
 Selenite, at the foot of Goat island, in transparent masses, both 
 of which occur in connexion with 
 
 Fetid Carbonnte of Lime. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, near, yellow, in fetid limestone. (C.) 
 
 Swinestone, or Geodiferous Ltimerock, forms most of the falls. 
 This rock extends from Genesee river to a considerable 
 distance W. of Niagara river. The canal at Lock port is 
 cut 30 feet deep into it for 2 m. East of Genesee river it 
 is cut through this rock about Jam. It abounds in geodes 
 which contain beautiful crystals of sulphate of strontian, 
 limpid cubic crystals of fluor spar, transparent waxy sulphu- 
 ret of zinc, immense quantities of dog tooth spar, and pearl 
 spar, selenite and snowy gypsum, arragonite, though rare, 
 and numerous quartz crystals. It contains many petrifac- 
 tions also. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen Gas issues through the water at the 
 foot of the bank 1 m. above the falls, manifestly proceed- 
 ing from 
 
 Pyritous Shale. The gas burns with a flame equal in extent 
 to that of half a dozen candles. ( Sil. 8.197.) 
 
 Quartz Crystals. 
 
 Flint. (Webster.) 
 
NEW YORK. 143 
 
 N1SKEUNA. 
 
 Schist, of the Mohawk, at this place full of petrifactions. (SiL 
 5.269.) 
 
 NORTH EAST. 
 
 Inflammable Gas, very pure, proceeds from the bottom of a 
 
 small lake. (C.) 
 Peat, and 
 Marl. (-S& 1.139.) 
 
 Jlsbestus. (Webster.) 
 
 ONEIDA CREEK. 
 
 Calciferoiis Slate, underlaying all the country, over which the 
 stage road passes, from this creek to near Genesee river, 
 parallel to the canal, and from \ a m to 20 m. S. of it. 
 In this slate we find, 
 
 Gypsum, in numerous beds of vast extent ; also 
 
 Shell Limestone, 
 
 Water Limestone, 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia, 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, and 
 
 Mum, in numerous localities. This slate may be called se- 
 condary grey wacke. (SU. 8.197.) 
 
 ONONDAGA CO. 
 
 Gypsum, very abundant. See Madison Co. 
 
 Water Limestone, or argillo-ferruginous limestone. (C.) 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 Lenticular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in insulated masses, 
 or extended in beds, in alluvial deposit; often containing 
 very perfect fossil shells. (C.) 
 
 ONTARIO CO. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, crystallized, colors deep purple, almost black. 
 (SU. 4.188.; 
 
 ONTARIO LAKE. 
 
 Rhomb Spar, beautifully crystallized, with common 
 Calcareous Spar, crystallized, and 
 
 Snowy Gypsum, fibrous and foliated, on the shores of lake 
 Ontario. (SU. 5.41.) 
 
144 NEW YORK. 
 
 Scaly Red Oxide of Iron occurs along the shores of lake On- 
 tario. (Hall.) 
 
 ORANGE CO. 
 
 Marl, deriving its calcareous ingredient from shells; and 
 
 sometimes contains large fossil bones. 
 Feldspar, in fine crystals, in a granitic aggregate. 
 Graphite, in carbonate of lime. (C.) 
 Granular Limestone, white, embracing 
 Brucite, 
 Zircon, 
 
 Talc, and foliated graphite. (Sil. 5.30.) 
 Satin Spar. (Webster.) 
 
 PALATINE BRIDGE. 
 
 Quartz Crystals, containing anthracite. 
 Anthracite. (Webster.) 
 
 PEEKSKILL. 
 
 Silico-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, near, in an aggregate of 
 
 feldspar, quariz, and hornblende. 
 Blue Quartz, in gneiss. 
 Chalcedony, with 
 Jlctynolite. 
 Epidote. (Webster.) 
 
 PETERSBURGH. 
 
 Transition Limestone. (Sil. 8.2 1. J 
 Chlorite Slate, abundant, (tid. 8 52.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in crystals, often more than an inch on a 
 side. (Sil. 8.55.) 
 
 PHILLIPSTOWN. 
 
 Blue Quartz, good specimens, in blocks of granite, in the 
 stone walls along the road, near the Hocking stone, which 
 lies on the farm of Mrs. Mc-Cabbe, about 1 m. W. of the 
 turnpike, from the village of Peekskill to the town of Kent, 
 8 m. from Peekskill, on the left, near the top of a very high 
 and steep hill. 
 
 Jlsbestus ; good specimens may be obtained at a short dis- 
 tance from this stone. 
 
 Steatite, large masses are scattered around the rocking stone. 
 {Sil. 5.253.) 
 
 Mica, crystallized. 
 
NEW YORK. 145 
 
 Stilbite. 
 
 Laumonite. 
 
 Tremolite. 
 
 Amianthus, seams of, in serpentine. 
 
 Diopside. 
 
 Lamellar Green Pyroxene. 
 
 White Coccolite. 
 
 Green Coccolite, in rhombic carbonate of lime. 
 
 Precious Serpentine. 
 
 Iron, in octaedrons v 
 
 Sili co Calcareous (f vide of Titanium. (Webster). The fore- 
 going minerals were discovered by Dr. J. Barrett ; the lo- 
 cality is 4 m- N. E. from Cold Springs, and is uncommon- 
 ly rich, in the abundance, and beauty of its specimens. 
 (Horace Webster.) 
 
 PITTSTOWN. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, iron, &c. (Webster.) 
 
 PLANDOME. See LONG ISLAND. 
 
 PUT-IN-BAY ISLAND. See ERIE LAKE. 
 
 PUTNAM CO. 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena. (C.) 
 
 Precious Serpentine, remarkably elegant. (Sil. 7.57.) See 
 Cold Spring, and Phillipstown. 
 
 RENSSELAER CO. 
 
 Milky Quartz. (C.) 
 
 Schist, embracing pectinites. (Sil. 5.269.J 
 Chlorite Slate, in various places. (Sil. 8.52.J 
 Sinople Jasper. (E.) 
 
 Siliceous Hlate. (Webster.) See Greenbush, Hoosack, Lan- 
 singburgh, Pittstown, Sand Lake, Schaghticoke, and Troy. 
 
 RHINEBECK. 
 
 Stalactite and Stalagmite, fine specimens occur in caverns. 
 
 Fetid Carbonate of Lime, in strata almost vertical, and some- 
 times traversed by veins of 
 
 Calcareous Spar. The fetid limestone is sometimes almost 
 black, near the flats. 
 19 
 
146 NEW YORK. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, perfect crystals are found in alluvial deposit, 
 
 which is sometimes ferruginous. 
 Jasper, in detached masses, traversed by veins of 
 Semi Opal. 
 Schorl, in reddish brown bladed masses, in quartz, (C.) and 
 
 in masses of crystalline quartz. (Sil. 1.237.) 
 Granular Epidote, in a ferruginous 
 Green Feldspar. 
 Clay *late. 
 
 Radiated Sulphuret af Iron. 
 Sulphuret of Lead . (C.) 
 Peat, and 
 
 Marl. (Sil. 1.139.) 
 Calcareous Sinter. (Webster.) 
 
 ROCHESTER. 
 
 Fluate, of Lime, well crystallized, in cavities of secondary 
 lime rocks in considerable quantities, a m. from Roches- 
 ter, on the Genesee river, in the bed of the great canal. 
 (Sil. 3.367.) See Brighton. 
 
 Foliated Gypsum, of a rose color ; several specimens were 
 found below the falls, 
 
 Nodular Sulphate of Barytes, in the bed of the Genesee river, 
 a few m. below Rochester, imbedded in red sandstone, ex- 
 ternally having the appearance of agates. (Sil. 7.56J 
 
 ROCKLAND CO. 
 
 Granular Limestone. (C.) See Fort Lee, Haverstraw Bay, 
 and Stony Point. 
 
 ROGER'S ROCK. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in hemitrope, or grouped crystals. 
 
 Sahlite* 8 m. from Ticonderoga, presenting green 8 sided 
 prisms, 1 inch diameter, and passing into 
 
 Coccolite, or granular augite, which forms a mass of many 
 tons weight, colors numerous, and grains very small. (C.) 
 Coccolite occurs near the summit of Rogers' Rock, and at a 
 number of other places in the vicinity, color pale and blood 
 red, brown and black ; green is rare. This is one of the 
 richest localities of minerals in the United States. Withia 
 the limits of 4 or 5 acres exist, massive and crystallized 
 
 Garnet ; several varieties of coccolite ; also 
 
NEW YORK. 147 
 
 White and Green Augite, crystallized and massive ; very 
 
 beautiful 
 Adulana, in thin, transparent tables, of a milk white color, 
 
 rarely tinged with yellow, and 
 Common Feldspar. 
 Tabular Spar, less abundant and less beautiful than that at 
 
 " Split Rock," Essex Co. (See Champlain Lake.) 
 Hornblende ; calcareous spar, containing 
 jBrucite, and elegant crystals of 
 Silico-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium. (Hall.) 
 Graphite. (J. A. N. S. P. 2.187.) See Ticonderoga. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 Granular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, near, associated with 
 
 Secondary Limestone. (6\) 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, yellow. (Webster.) 
 
 RYE. 
 
 Serpentine. It is green, and reddish brown in irregular spots 
 
 and veins, and receives a good polish. 
 Chlorite, in considerable quantities, containing 
 Schorl, in Iong,j3lender, perfect crystals. (C.) 
 
 SABBATH-DAY POINT. 
 
 Epidote, S. of Ticonderoga. (Webster.} 
 
 SALINA. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. Salt springs are numerous and productive 
 in this state. The most important are at Salina, near Onon- 
 daga lake, Montezuma in Cayuga Co., arid Galen in Se- 
 neca Co. These springs are near the canal, which con- 
 nects the Hudson with lake Erie. 1,000,000 bushels of 
 salt are annually extracted from saline springs in the Uni- 
 ted States ; and of this the springs of New York furnish 
 more than 500,000 bushels. (C.) 
 
 SALISBURY. 
 
 Quartz Crystals. 
 
 Anthracite. 
 
 Green Carbonate of Copper. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc. (Webster.) 
 
148 NEW YORK. 
 
 SAND LAKE. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in good crystals. ( il. 7.252.) 
 Jtfarl, Earthy Calcareous, a large bed in Sand lake. (Sil. 
 8.36.) 
 
 SARATOGA CO. 
 
 Milky Quartz. (C.) 
 
 Sinople Jasper. 
 
 Adularia. and 
 
 White Feldspar. 
 
 Graphite, 7 m. N. of the springs, in granite, foliated and gran 
 ular. (E.) 
 
 Calcareous ^par, beautifully crystallized, possessing a variety 
 of colors, occurs in hornstone, and calcareous sandstone. 
 
 Marl, argillaceous and calcareous, appears to underlay almost 
 the whole of the sandy alluvion of this county. 
 
 Shell Limestone. 
 
 Sulphate of Lime, and 
 
 Mum, efflorescing on the sides and walls of argillite in sever- 
 al places. Alum, in several places on Fish creek, efflo- 
 rescing 
 
 Common Quartz. 
 
 Limpid Quartz. 
 
 Smoky Quartz. 
 
 Greasy Quartz. 
 
 Ferruginous Quartz. 
 
 Hornstone is found in great abundance, imbedded in the cal- 
 careous sandstone. 
 
 Bed Jasper, in argillite. 
 
 Garnet, abundant, in gneiss and mica slate. 
 
 Epidote. 
 
 Hornblende, common. 
 
 Chlorite, in large masses, in argillite. 
 
 Clay Slate appears to underlay the greater part of the county, 
 not included in the primitive, forming the bed of the Hud- 
 son to a little above Baker's falls, opposite Moreau, and that 
 of the Mohawk to above Schenectady. It is seen along the 
 shores of the lakes at Ballston and Saratoga. 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen Gas is found in the sulphurous wa- 
 ters in a number of places in the vicinity of the argillaceous 
 slate formation. 
 Lignite. 
 
NEW YORK. 149 
 
 Pyritous Copper, considerable masses were thrown out in blast- 
 ing the stratum of coarse siliceous sandstone, which extends 
 from the N. line of Saratoga springs into Greenfield, and 
 lies to 10 feet below the soil. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, extensive beds are found in the mountains., 
 among gneiss rocks. 
 
 Native Magnet, and 
 
 Brown Hematite of Iron, same region. 
 
 Magnetic O ide of Iron, 
 
 Lenticular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron. (Steel.) 
 
 Apophyllite, or ichthyophthahnite. (/?. H. Steel.) For more 
 particular localities in this county, see Ballston, Cohoes, 
 Concord, Corinth, Galway, Greenfield, H'.-dley, Milton, Mo- 
 reau, Saratoga Lake, Saratoga Springs, and Waterford. 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 Carbonic Acid. 100 cubic inches of water from the Congress 
 spring yielded Steel 148.5 of carbonic acid. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, near the springs, small specimens, in 
 
 Compact Limestone. The fhior spar is nearly colorless, and 
 penetrated by 
 
 Pyrites. 
 
 Hornstone, near, in globular masses, sometimes dark grey, but 
 more often light grey, or whitish, with a tinge of yellow, 
 imbedded in limestone. 
 
 Chrysoberyl, about 1 in. N. of the High rock spring, in a vein 
 of granite, traversing gneiss; greenish yellow and translu- 
 cent, with 
 
 Prismatic Mica. (C.) See Greenfield. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in the vicinity of the springs, among the cal- 
 careous sandstones ; beautiful and very perfect crystals in 
 great abundance. 
 
 Chalcedony, lining the cavities, which are very numerous, of 
 a kind of amygdoidal rock. It more frequently forms 
 geodes, the insides of which are usually studded with small, 
 brilliant crystals of quartz. The walls of these geodes fre- 
 quently pass into 
 
 Agate, in various places, but its best locality is 80 or 100 rods 
 W. from the Congress spring. 
 
 Bog Ore, on the planes between Saratoga and Ballstown 
 springs, it formerly furnished a forge which for a number of 
 years produced 50 to 70 tons of bar iron annually. Along 
 
150 NEW YORK. 
 
 the bottom and banks of small streams, or at the bottom of 
 
 hollows that are at some seasons filled with water. (Steel.) 
 Spodumene, near, associated with reddish feldspar, black mica, 
 
 and quartz, forming a beautiful granite. (R. H. Steel,) 
 Calcareous Tufa, abundant in the vicinity of the springs. The 
 
 " High rock" is formed of it. 
 Yellow Jasper, in rounded fragments in the vicinity of the 
 
 springs. 
 
 SCHAGHTICOKE. 
 
 Schistose Marl, or argillaceous li.nestone, containing 40 per 
 cent, of lime, and disintegrating on exposure. (Sit. 8.36.) 
 
 SCHENECTADY. 
 
 Jlrragonile, in geodes and cavities, forming the cement of a 
 
 puddingstone, near. (Sit. 5.256.J 
 Sinople Jasper, in this county. (E.) 
 Calcareous Sinter, near. (i*rof. zil 
 
 Zircon, in detached masses of granite, consisting chiefly of 
 
 feldspar. (C.) 
 Native Magnet. (Sil. 5.28.) 
 
 SEMPHRONIUS. 
 
 Calcareous Tufa, fine, and exhibiting distinct impressions of 
 vegetables. (Sil. 7.252.J 
 
 SENEKA LAKE, and PRAIRIES. 
 
 Variegated Marble, near. It has a fine grain and receives an 
 
 excellent polish. 
 Petroleum. It usually floats on the surface of springs, which, 
 
 in many cases, are known to be in the vicinity of 
 Coal. The petroleum is sometimes called Seneca, or Gen- 
 
 esee oil. 
 
 Flint, in the Seneca prairies, imbedded in 
 Limestone. (C.) 
 
 SHAWANGUNK MOUNTAIN. 
 
 Alum, near, efflorescing on 
 
 -Clay Slate. The predominant rock of this mountain, accord- 
 ing to Mr. Pierce, is a white breccia, composed of pebbles 
 
NEW YORK. 151 
 
 of quartz, united by a siliceous cement ; and according to Mr. 
 J. Bradbury, alum is sometimes found in veins, traversing 
 this breccia. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, at the lead mine, in very fine crystals. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, on the W. side of the mountain, some- 
 times with 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc , which occurs brown. (C.) 
 
 SING SING. 
 
 Marble, wrought from 
 
 Granular Limestone. It often contains grains of quartz, which 
 
 cause it to give fire under the chisel. 
 Bruc.ite is said to exist here. 
 Beryl, in granite. 
 Tremolite, in granular limestone. 
 
 rfugite, in 6 sided prisms, sometimes geniculated, in limestone. 
 Auriferous Native Silver, near, in a very small vein. (C.) 
 
 STATEN ISLAND. 
 
 Crystallized Carbonate of Magnesia , in veins or in cavities in 
 magnesite or steatite. 
 
 Pulverulent Carbonate oj Magnesia. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, in well defined crystals. 
 
 Radiated Quartz. 
 
 Mica, in small, regular, hexaedral crystals in steatite. 
 
 Prehnite, in rolled masses of greenstone. 
 
 Amianthus occurs uncommonly beautiful in steatite. These 
 fibres are rose or straw colored, sometimes between 2 and 
 3 feet long, and possess the lustre and softness of silk ; oth- 
 er varieties of asbestus occur in the same island. 
 
 Common Talc, and 
 
 Indurated Talc, in veins traversing 
 
 Steatite, which is very abundant, and forms a large proportion 
 of the elevated grounds on the eastern part of the island ? 
 Soft, adhesive to the tongue, yellowish grey, or greenish yel- 
 low. When connected with talc it is greenish, and more 
 compact. It contains all the varieties of talc, most of the 
 varieties of asbestus, and some 
 
 Chromate of Iron, which is sometimes in opaque, black oc- 
 laedrons, and sometimes granular and amorphous. 
 
 Hepatic bulphuret of Iron. 
 
152 NEW YORK. 
 
 Hematitic Brown Ovide of Iron, in detached, stalactical, or 
 mamrnillary concretiohs, blackish brown, often with a shin- 
 ing surface. 
 
 Granular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron sometimes forms exten- 
 sive beds. 
 
 Silico-Calcareous Oxide oj Titanium, near fort Richmond, in 
 yellowish grey crystals, sometimes large, in a gangue of 
 feldspar and dark green hornblende. (C.) 
 
 J\fagnesite, embracing veins and cavities, containing native 
 carbonate of magnesia, in very while acicular crystals, 
 grouped in minute fibres radiating from the sides, but not 
 always filling the veins and cavities. This tnagnesite ap- 
 pears to be composed of carbonate of magnesia, steatite, 
 and talc, disintegrating readily upon exposure to air and 
 moisture ; very abundant about 3 m. from the quarantine, 
 in an excavation. (Sil, 1.143.) 
 
 Cellular Ferruginous Quartz, in which are found small sili- 
 ceous crystals, in the middle and western part of the chain 
 of hills. (Sil. 1.144.) 
 
 Chalcedony, and radiated quartz, are sometimes observed on 
 the primitive ridge. 
 
 Shot Ore, a granular oxide of iron, appears in some places in 
 extensive beds. A heavy ore, with a smooth surface, and 
 some lustre, resembling native iron, is sometimes seen. 
 
 Copper Ore, detached pieces have been found near fort Tomp- 
 kins. (Sil. 1.145.) 
 
 Red Jasper, in rolled masses on the surface. 
 
 Lignite, in small quantities, in the western part of the island. 
 (Sil. 1.146.) 
 
 Inflammable Gas issues from the earth in several places, very 
 abundantly between Chippewa and Niagara falls, at Steel's 
 mills. (C.) 
 
 STONY POINT. 
 
 Granular Limestone crosses the Hudson near Stony Point, in 
 
 Rockland Co. 
 Green Feldspar, mottled with black mica, composing the 
 
 rocks on the summit of Stony Point. (C.) 
 Splintery Serpentine, in veins in a ferruginous rock, on the N. 
 
 side of this eminence (Sil. 2.188.J 
 
NEW YORK. 153 
 
 TARRTTOWN. 
 
 Feldspar, near, greenish grey, in extensive beds, from 3 to 9 
 
 feet thick, connected with mica slate. 
 Tremotite, intimately mixed with 
 Carbonate of Lime. (C.) 
 
 TICONDEROGA. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in transparent, laminated masses, and in 
 rhombic crystals. 
 
 Silico-Calcat eous Oxide of Titanium, in large, yellowish grey, 
 rhomboidal prisms, with diedral summits, in feldspar, with 
 hornblende and graphite. (C.) 
 
 Graphite, on Cobble hill, about 3 m. N. W. from the Upper 
 falls, in veins nearly perpendicular, from I to 8 inches thick, 
 in a gangue of Graphic Granite, in primitive rocks. Near 
 the summit of the hill, it is disseminated in a granitic rock, 
 sometimes in small nodules, but oftener, in thin laminae, of 
 a brilliant metallic lustre. Three tons of black lead are 
 here prepared for the market, annually, by G. C. Baldwin, 
 Esq., its price averaging $16 per 100 Ibs. (Sil. 6.178.) 
 
 Fetid Limestone. 
 
 Augite, 3 m. S, from the Upper falls, amorphous, and in bex- 
 aedral prisms, green of different intensities, and white. Mass- 
 es have been obtained* consisting of angite, feldspar, graph- 
 ite, and silico-calcareous oxide of titanium, half of which 
 was crystals of augite. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in cubes, elongated, and grouped. 
 
 Red Oxide of Iron; a red pigment, of good quality, is made 
 of this ore. by a Mr. Stone of this town, who also prepares 
 the same ore into what is called emery, and it answers 
 nearly all the purposes of emery. Also, from the purest 
 pieces of the same ore, is manufactured a very beautiful spe- 
 cies of pigment, which resembles, and i? but little, if at all, 
 inferior to that Asiatic production, called Indian Red. 
 (Hall.) 
 
 Yellow Quartz, or citrine, crystallized. (R. H. Steel.) 
 
 Schorl, in quartz. 
 
 Kaolin. 
 
 Sulphuret of Copper. (Webster.) 
 
 TROY. 
 
 Jasper, in the vicinity, where it is sometimes green. 
 20 
 
154 NEW YORK. 
 
 Basanite, near. 
 
 Slaty Chlorite. 17 m. E. in strata, sometimes narrow, and 
 
 sometimes 2 or 3 m. wide, often rising into hills 200 or 300 
 
 feet high. 
 
 O ide of Manganese, near. (CV) 
 Fibrous Quartz, a singular variety in veins, in 
 Varnished Clay Slate, near. (E.) 
 Horns! one, 
 Crystallized Quartz, 
 Lenticular Spar, 
 Iron I *y rites, 
 Bituminous Shale, and anthracite, are found interspersed 
 
 through the siliceous slate, in digging wells. (Sil. 3.72.) 
 Fibrous Limestone, between the la\ ers of fine grained grey- 
 
 wacke in small quantities, beautiful. 
 
 Compact Limestone, near, with shell limestone. (Sil. 8.33.) 
 Siliceous Slate, in beds in 
 Transition Clay Slate. (Sil. 8A\.) 
 Aluminous Slate, in argillite. (Sil. 8.52.^) 
 Anthracite has been found in small quantity, in grey wacke 
 
 slate, especially at Schuyler's quarry. (Sil. 8.58.) 
 Coarse Heliotrope, in the vicinity. (C. V. Shepard.) 
 
 ULSTER TO. 
 
 Marl, sometimes containing large fossil bones. 
 Graphite, in 
 
 Carbonate of Lime. (C.) See Marbletown, New Paltz, Sha- 
 wangunk, Warwarsing, and Woodstock. 
 
 VERNON. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. Salt springs occur at frequent intervals 
 from Vernon to 30 m. W. of Niagara river, about 230 m. in 
 
 Red Clay Slate, and secondary sandstone. 
 
 Carburetted Hydrogen Gas issues from the foot of a hill, near 
 the stage road, 1 m. W. of Vernon village, undoubtedly 
 proceeding from crevices in the rock, which forms the floor 
 of the salt springs. It burns brilliantly. 
 
 Sulphur et of Lead, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc occur 1 m. E. of Vernon village, in Mill- 
 stone grit. (Sil. 8.198.) 
 
 Lenticular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron. (Webster.) 
 
NEW YORK. 165 
 
 WARWARSING. 
 
 Quartz. 
 
 Sulphur et of Copper. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. 
 
 Sulphuret oj Zinc. (Webster.} 
 
 WARWICK. 
 
 Brucite, in white foliated limes'one, resting on gneiss, 
 Graphite, and mica, with brucite in limestone. 
 Arsenical Iron. (C.). 
 
 WASHINGTON CO. 
 
 Marl, very white and friable, somewhat resembling the whit- 
 ing of commerce, and contains the planorbi.s and helix (C.) 
 See Baker's Falls, Glenn's Falls, Gran ville, and Wliite Creek. 
 
 WATERFORD. 
 
 Jasper, in rolled masses. (C.) 
 
 WATERVLIETT. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore. (Sil 5.270.) 
 
 Siliceous Slate. 
 
 Clay Slate. (Webster.) 
 
 WEST CANADA CREEK. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in the sands of the creek, in small, perfect, 
 6 sided prisms. (C.) 
 
 WEST CHESTER. 
 
 Coccolite. (C.) 
 
 WEST CHESTER CO, 
 
 Granular Limestone passes through this county, in strata, dip- 
 ping to the S. E. at about 65, and is connected with that 
 extensive deposit of granular limestone, which accompa- 
 nies primitive rocks from Canada, through the western parts 
 of New England. 
 
 Sulphuret of Moiybdena. (C.) See Bronx Creek, Morrisia* 
 na, Rye, Sing Sing, Tarrytown, and West Farms. 
 
 WEST FARMS. 
 
 Marble, often containing grains of quartz, which cause it to 
 give fire under the chisel. 
 
150 NEW YORK. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime. Apatite, m-ar, of various colors in gra- 
 nite, and in small, white prisms in gneiss. 
 
 Rose Red Quartz, near. 
 
 Mica, near, in gieenish yellow, 6 sided tables, 6 inches in di- 
 ameter. 
 
 Epidote, near, abundant, in mica slate, in granular masses, 
 which sometimes contnin perfect crystals in their cavities. 
 
 Stilbite, near, in radiated, blnded crystals, or in imperfect 
 crystals confusedly aggregated, in veins traversing gneiss ; 
 color, from pale to deep red. Also at the same place near 
 Bronx Creek, in white, 6 sided tables, in an aggregate of 
 epidote, hornblende, tjuartz, and carbonate of lirne. 
 
 Glassy Tremolite, near, in quartz. 
 
 Silico-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, near, in very small, red- 
 dish brown, oblique angled, 4 sided prisms, in a gangue of 
 
 Compact Feldspar. (C.) See Bronx creek. 
 
 Garnet, in granite. (W. Green.) 
 
 WESTMORELAND. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, in a quarry in the N. W. corner of West- 
 moreland, 3 m. S. of the canal at Rome, in millstone grit. 
 (Sil. 8.19G.) 
 
 WEST POINT. 
 
 Sulphur, pulverulent, and greyish, in the cavities of a ferru- 
 ginous, granitic rock. 
 Sulphuret of Jiolybdena, (C.) in granite and gneiss; and OH 
 
 Constitution island, opposite the Point. (Sil. 7.57.) 
 Green dugite, near Fort Putnam, in imperfect crystals of a 
 
 large size, and considerable quantities of the 
 Green Coccolite variety, in gneiss rock, in which are also im- 
 
 braced beds of 
 Black Mica. 
 
 Serpentine, the most beautiful specimens in 
 Calcareous Spor are found at the meeting of the gneiss and 
 
 hornblende stratum, 3 m. N. of the Military Academy. 
 
 They appear like grass green gems set in masses of pearl. 
 Lamellar Hornblende, very dark color, in vast quantities, in 
 
 the form of veins traversing the hornblende rocks. 
 Granulated Iron Ore abounds in the gneiss rocks of these 
 
 mountains, containing small crystals of 
 Phosphate of Lime, together with the 
 
NEW YORK. 157 
 
 Carburet of Iron. (Sil. 5.233.) 
 
 Kaolin, from decomposed feldspar, accompanying quartz. 
 
 Tremolite, glassy and fibrous, or asbestiform, in sieaite. 
 
 Schorl, in granite. 
 
 Jldular'm, in granite rock. 
 
 Garnets, in gneiss, and imbedded in mica slate. 
 
 Gl'issy dctynolite, in the vicinity. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, on Constitution island. (Sil. 7-57.) 
 
 Ejndote, 
 
 Siliceous Slate, and 
 
 Bnsrtnite, or Lydian Stone. 
 
 Diallagt, more or less metalloidal. 
 
 Ferruginous Sand. (Sil. 7.5S.J 
 
 Lamellar Pyroxene is found abundantly, 3 m. above West 
 Point, on the W. side of the river, and near to the water's 
 edge, associated with hyaline quartz, black and brown col- 
 ored mica, and feldspar, the latter in small quantity. These 
 minerals form an aggregate of limited extent. The lam- 
 ellar Pyroxene of West Point is identical in all its charac- 
 ters, both external and chemical with that mineral of Bran- 
 dywine, (Delaware,) which was first considered to be Hy- 
 persthene, and described as an dtnpAibofe, by Mr. H. Sey- 
 beit, in J. A. JV. S P. 2.139, and to which Mr. Nuttall 
 and Dr. Torrey have proposed to give the name of Maclw- 
 rite, in Sil. 5.246. & Sit. 5.336. (/. A. JV. S. P. 3.68.) 
 
 Black Spindle, 4| m. W. from the Military Academy, in 
 Cornwall, near Krorikile's tavern, in rounded grains, about 
 the size of a pin's head, disseminated in limestone, in great 
 abundance. 
 
 Brucite, of a greyish brown color, partially crystallized, oc- 
 curs in the same specimens with the spinelle, in great abun- 
 dance. 
 
 Coccolite, blackish green, in granular concretions, occurs with- 
 in a few rods of the spinelle and brucite. 
 
 Jlugite, 2 m. W. from the Military Academy, by the road side, 
 towards Kronkite's tavern, in great abundance, both crys- 
 tallized and compact ; most of the crystals are 8 sided 
 prisms. 
 
 Epidole occurs massive, with the augite ; color, light green. 
 Silico-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium occurs with the augite 
 and epidote, through which it is disseminated in a crystal- 
 line form ; some crystals are very fine and large. 
 
158 NEW YORK. 
 
 Coccolite, dark creen, 3| in. S. from the Military Academy, 
 near the rood side, tounrds Fort Montgomeiy, in limestone, 
 abundant. (Horace Webster.) 
 
 WHITE CREEK. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (Sil. 7,254.) (?) 
 
 WHITEHALL. 
 
 Calcareous Tufa, deposited from the water of springs. (H. M. 
 Wells.) 
 
 WILLIAMSON. 
 
 Lenticular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in insulated masses, 
 or extended in beds, in alluvial deposit, often containing 
 very perfect fossil shells, and yields about 30 per cent, of 
 iron. (C.) 
 
 WILLSBOROUGH. 
 
 Schanlstein. 
 
 Colophonite, (C.) 3 m. W. from the falls, forming a perpen- 
 dicular vein, 5 feet wide at its superior part, narrower as it 
 descends, embracing a vast quantity of tabular spar, in 
 which are sparingly disseminated small, and extremely del- 
 icate crystals of 
 
 Green slugite. The latteral walls of this vein, which pene- 
 trates a hill, several hundred feet in height, and about a m. 
 in diameter, N. and S. are hornblende rock, and 
 
 Massive Garnet. Hundreds of tons of the colophonite may 
 be obtained by blasting ; colors, red, yellow, and deep 
 brown, all which frequently appear in the same specimen, 
 very brilliant. (J. A. N. S. P. 2.186, & Hall.) 
 
 WILTON. 
 
 Compact Limestone, dark blue color. (Steel.) 
 
 WOODSTOCK. 
 
 Coal, in a perpendicular ledge of grey wacke slate, on the 
 eastern face of Caiskill mountain. (Sil. 6.95.) Several 
 other veins have been discovered in the same mountain. 
 (Sil. 6.96.) 
 
 Fuller's Earth, grey, friable. (Hall.) 
 
159 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, Apatite, is found in most of the mines of 
 magnetic iron, often in yellowish white, or reddish grains. 
 
 Steatite, on the Delaware, opposite Easton, white and suitable 
 for architecture. 
 
 Peat. 
 
 Native Silver, ramous or branched, has been observed in this 
 state. 
 
 Sulphuret ofCopner, in a red sandstone formation, accompa- 
 nied with Oxide and Carbonate of Copper. 
 
 Sviphate of f run is manufactured from the sulphuret of iron. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in the primitive mountains, which 
 extend froui N. E. to S VV. through the northern parts of 
 the state to the vicinity of the Delaware river. 
 
 Granular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in the southern parts of 
 the state, in a ferruginous clay. 
 
 Bog Ore, in the S. western parts of the state ; its several va- 
 rieties are abundant, renewed in 20 years. 
 
 Phosphate oj Iron occurs in druses of greeu, lenticular crys- 
 tals iu boa, iron ore. and is usually accompanied by the 
 earthy variety in this state. 
 
 Franklimte, accompanying the 
 
 Rtd O-ide of Zinc. (C) 
 
 Amber was found near the Delaware, in West Jersey, in de- 
 tached pieces of near 1 lb., yellowish, nearly transparent. 
 1762. (Sfl.5.256.) 
 
 ALLENTOWN. 
 
 Earthy Phosphate of Iron occurs here, and in Monmouth Co. 
 and various other parts of the state. It generally accompa- 
 nies bog ore, or certain argillaceous deposits ; sometimes in 
 masses weighing 30 lb. or more. (C.) 
 
 Earthy Marl, with organic remains. (1. Lea.) 
 
 ANCOCUS CREEK. 
 
 Green Earth. (C.) 
 
160 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ANDOVER FURNACE. 
 
 Torrelite, a dull vermillion red, granular fracture, intimately 
 connected with, and disseminated through the 
 
 Iron Ore of the Andover mine, once famous for producing 
 the best iron in N. America, (y/. L. JV. H. JV. Y. 1.37.) 
 
 AOJJACKINOCK. 
 
 Carbonic Jltid, iron, and 
 
 Muriate of Soda, near, in a mineral spring. (Sil. 2.194J 
 
 ASBURY. 
 
 Hornstone, near, and in various parts of the state, where lime- 
 stone abounds. (C.) 
 
 BATSTO. 
 
 Yellow Earth. (C.) 
 
 BERGEN. 
 
 Feldspar, crystallized, in the mural precipices of coarse green- 
 stone, which border the eastern section of the peninsula, 
 below Bergen village, towards Staten island, filling fissures 
 6 inches wide. (Sil. 2.183.) 
 
 BERGEN CO. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, near Schuyler's copper mines, in an 
 
 insulated mass of bluish quartz in hexahedrons, steel grey. 
 Sulpkuret of Iron, in the Highlands. (Sil. 2.268.) 
 
 BORDENTOWN. 
 
 Potter's Clay, of good quality, from this to New Castle, OH 
 
 the banks of the Delaware. 
 Variegated Clay, near. ( C.) 
 
 BOUNDBROOK. 
 
 Compact Malachite, near, in trap rocks. (C.) 
 
 BURLINGTON CO. 
 
 JMarl, abundant, sometimes greenish, and contains 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, and shells, &tc. 
 
 Hematitic Brown O.vide of Iron, in the N. parts of the county, 
 
 mammillary, and plouged up in the fields. (C.) 
 Argillaceous Iron Ore, yellowish brown, earthy, entirely loose. 
 
NEW JERSEY. 161 
 
 in large quantities, near Burlington, and highly valued as 
 an ore. (I. Lea.) 
 
 CAMDEN. 
 
 Amber, a transparent specimen, almost white, and several 
 inches in diameter, has been found in a stratum of gravel. 
 (C.) 
 
 COLD-SPRING LANDING. 
 
 Quartz, and a green substance, apparently augite, or cocco- 
 
 lite in gneiss, near. 
 Augite, abundant, in the gneiss rocks. 
 Silico-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, in augite. 
 Black Mica, in augite. (SU. 6.250.) 
 
 COMPTON HILL. 
 
 Pyroxene, about 16 m. N. W. from the falls of the Passaic, iu 
 Carbonate of Lime. (J. A. A*. S. P. 3,115.; 
 
 Amber, on the creek, 4 m. from Trenton, in alluvial soil, . 
 yellow and whitish, in grains, or small masses, seldom ex- 
 ceeding an inch in length, resting on lignite, or even pene- 
 trates it, and is sometimes connected with pyrites. 
 
 Lignite The stratum of lignite, which contains the amber, 
 rests on a coarse, ferruginous sand, and is covered by a soft 
 
 Bluish Clay, embracing masses of 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron. Above the clay is a bed of sand. 
 
 Crystallized Phosphate of Iron, on the creek, near Allentown, 
 sometimes in folia, radiating in small masses, externally 
 blue, but within greenish, soft like talc, and semitranspar- 
 ent. (C.) 
 
 Bituminous Wood. 
 
 Indurated Grey Marl, containing organic remains. 
 rare, 1 m. from Bordentown, with pyrites, and 
 
 Carbonized Wood, with organic remains. (1. Lea.) 
 
 PORT LEE. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in acute rhombs with quartz. (C.) 
 Sulphuret of Iron, and 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron. 
 21 
 
NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Pyrltous Copper, and 
 
 Green Carbonate of Copper, in a vein, in quartz, and a sili- 
 ceous and calcareous breccia. (Sil. 2.184.) 
 
 Quartz, with rhombic cavities, in the breccia, once filled with 
 rhombic crystals of calcareous spar, doubtless, as that is 
 now found imbedded and detached. 
 
 Crystals of Quartz, small. (&il. 5.288.) 
 
 FRANKLIN. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, near, disseminated in 
 
 Lamellar Carbonate of Ltime, and is accompanied by mica, and 
 
 Carburet (f Iron, 
 
 Z'-rcon* in an aggregate of decomposing feldspar, hornblende, 
 quartz, and epidote. 
 
 Red Onide of Zinc, in the iron mine ; it also assumes a mi- 
 caceous form, and is imbedded in a Whitish Oxide of Zinc. 
 (C.) 
 
 Shot Ore, used as a substitute for shot, found in company 
 with the red oxide of zinc. (t7. 5.41.) 
 
 Frank-Unite forms a bed here, which appears like a black 
 mountain mass, at least 30 or 40 feet wide, occasionally 
 presenting cavities lined with regular, octahedral crystals. 
 (Sil 5.242.) 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, rich, intimately blended with graph- 
 ite, on the spot where the furnace stands. (Si7. 5.243.) 
 Franklin furnace is in Sussex Co., about 7| m. N. E. of 
 Sparta, 2 m. S. W. of Hamburg, and 11 m E. of Newton, 
 or Sussex Court house. (J. Ji JY. S. P. 2.279 J 
 
 Brownish Yellow Garnet, here forms a bed, or vein, 6 feet 
 wide, or more, and when occasionally in contact with car- 
 bonate of lime, exhibits imperfect dodecahedrons, of a lus- 
 tre and color almost similar to idocrase. Garnet, in beau- 
 tiful opaque, blackish brown masses, of a high resinous lus- 
 tre, and crystallized on the surface, accompanied by a lam- 
 inated 
 ftpidote, in a ledge of imperfect sienitic granite, which lies in 
 
 the 
 
 Crystalline Carbonate of Lime, which prevails to the E , con- 
 tiguous to the great bed of Franklinite. Near the same lo- 
 cality is one or two veins of 
 
 ,/lugite, nearly white, and compact, massive, or minutely lam- 
 ellar, in some parts intimately blended with specks of vio- 
 Jet, granular 
 
NEW JERSEY, 163 
 
 Feldspar, resembling petrosilex ; also 
 
 Silico-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, Brown Garnet, dark 
 green, granular augite, like the coccolite of lake Champlain j 
 something of nearly the same color, which may prove the 
 
 Gahmte, occasionally in octahedrons, and pale bluish green, 
 prismatic and translucent crystals which are probably 
 
 Phosphate of Lime. These veins are contiguous to the junc- 
 tion of the sienitic granite, and ^carbonate of lime, before 
 mentioned, and they stand up in crests from the carbonate 
 of lime, in which they are imbedded. (Sil. 5.243 ) 
 
 Automalite, mentioned above as gahnite, occurs in regular 
 octahedrons, imbedded in talcose rocks. (J. A. JV. S P. 
 2.249.) A little distance from the before mentioned vein 
 there is another, apparently much broader in its dimen- 
 tions, being a mixture of green feldspar, black hornblende, 
 grey quartz, whitish augite, mica, and occasionally sphene. 
 In the cavities of this vein, and often considerably below 
 the surface, is found 
 
 Spinelle, (ceylanite,) in bluish green octahedrons, in considera- 
 ble abundance, in size from a pin's head to | an inch in 
 length. In these cavities they are commonly associated 
 with augite crystals, quartz, hornblende, green feldspar, 
 crystals of phosphate of lime, and in some specimens im- 
 bedded mica, 
 
 Arsenical Pyrites, and traces of galena. These specimens 
 bear an astonishing resemblance to those of Vesuvius, con- 
 taing ceylanite. 
 
 Brucite, or Chondrodite, though abundant at Franklin, it is 
 here opaque, and of a deeper tinge of color than at the 
 town of Sparta, where the finest and clearest masses are 
 obtained. It occurs thickly disseminated, often towards 
 the base of the calcareous beds, and contiguous to foreign 
 infiltrations, or veins. A m. S. of Franklin furnace it is 
 imbedded in a grey, massive augite, accompanied by mica, 
 and Fluate of jLime ; the blue fluate here forms slender il- 
 linitions in the marble. 
 
 Tremoiite occurs near to the last mentioned spot, and small, 
 imbedded crystals of white augite, and 
 
 Jlctynolite ; short crystals of augite, almost black are also now 
 
 and then visible ; 
 
 Green Feldspar, of a beautiful apple green, occurs imbedded 
 in the crystalline carbonate of lime, accompanied by 
 
164 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Mica, in perfect crystals, and 
 Graphite, in hexagonal plates. 
 
 Hornblende, a very brilliant pale green passing into actynolite. 
 is often found massive, and in implicated, crystalline, confus- 
 ed crusts over the surface of the calcareous beds. This horn- 
 blende considerably resembles the supposed nypetsthene of 
 Delaware. It forms a new species, to which it is proposed 
 to give the name of 
 
 Madurite ; in fusibility, hardness, color, lamellar texture, me- 
 tallic brilliancy, and specific gravity it is scarcely to be dis- 
 tinguished from the greenstone. (SiL 5.246.) Maclurite, 
 analyzed by Mr. Seybert, was decided to be Brucite. (SiL 
 5.336, & 5.366.) This mineral is denlical in all its 
 characters, both external and chemical, with the supposed 
 hypersthene of Brandywine, (Delaware,) both of which are 
 now ascertained to be Lamellar Pyroxene. (/. A. wV. S P* 
 3.68.) See West Point, N. Y. 
 
 Jeffersonite. (J. A. JV. S. P. 2.188.J This mineral is ascer- 
 tained, from cleavage and analysis, to be a variety of py- 
 roxene. (Jl. L. MH N. Y. 1.3, &; J A. JV. S.P. 3.105.) 
 Green Jlugite, enormous crystals in hexahedral and octahedral 
 prisms, are found near the junction of the granite and crys- 
 talline carbonate of lime, accompanied with large 
 Crystals of Feldspar, 
 
 Prapolite, or Wernerite, and something which borders on 
 Spodumene. On the margin of the Mill pond, at the furnace, 
 a vein of arsenical pyrites, mixed with what resembles the 
 sulphuret of cobalt or nickel, with a substance somewhat 
 like blende was found, accompanied by the chondrodite. 
 Argillaceous Fluatc oj Lime ? nearly or quite opaque, in nu- 
 merous, and generally amorphous, dull, greyish blue no- 
 dules, imbedded in another limestone, abounding with 
 sphene, dark colored granules, and minute crystals of au- 
 gite. 
 
 Secondary Limestone, near Dr. Fowler's house, containing or- 
 ganic remains, and layers of 
 
 Black Hornstone, or petrosilex. This rock, as well as the 
 grauwacke beneath, presents disseminated crystals offluate oj 
 lime. In the limestone, the cavities are sometimes very 
 numerous, and lined both with pseudomorphous masses, 
 and cubes of blue and while fluate, and 
 Quartz Crystals. (SiL 5.244 to 247.) 
 
NEW JERSEY. IG5 
 
 Ytlro Cerite, discovered by Col. Gibbs. (Sil. 6.379.) 
 
 Vesuvinn. 
 
 Tourmaline. 
 
 Blue Carbonate of Copper. 
 
 Green Carbonme of opper. (J. A. JV. S. P. 2.287.) 
 
 White. Sulphuret of Zinc, in octahedral crystals. 
 
 Beryl, fine apple green color in the form of peridocahedral 
 prisms imbedded with bnicite in carbonate of lime ; also 
 the phosphate of lime of an asparagus green color, some of 
 them i an inch long, and are associated with green actyno- 
 lite, and scapolite ; all these occur near Franklin. (J. A. 
 B .V. S. 1 J 3.224.^) 
 
 Siliceous Oxide of Zinc, in hexagonal prisms, with dihedral 
 KMMiiuiiiions, associated with garnet, pyroxene, &c. 
 
 Carbonate of Zinc, (calamine,) besides coating the red oxide 
 of zinc, it is found in very small veins, or fissures, in the 
 Fnmklinite, N. E. of the furnace. (J. A. JV. S. P. 4.8) 
 
 Oolite, and 
 
 Coccvlite; black and green. (G. W. Carpenter.) See Stir- 
 ling. 
 
 GREENPOND. See MORRIS CO. 
 HADDONF1ELD. 
 
 Marl. (I. Lea.) 
 
 HAMBURG < 
 
 Carbonate of Lime. 
 
 Fluate oj Lime, on the turnpike to Pompton, in a vein of 
 
 quartz and feldspar. 
 
 Graphite, fligted, and very flexible, in foliated limestone. 
 Siilpnuret of Zinc. At this place, blende is associated with 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron. 
 Oxide vf anganese, near. (C.) 
 White kiraphite, western base of the Highlands, in limestone. 
 
 (Sil 5.265.) 
 Sulphuret of JlJolybdena, 4i m. from Hamburg, imbedded in 
 
 a mineral which is probably a variety of 
 
 . The molybdena occurs in laminae, sometimes more 
 
 than an inch in diameter. Beautiful massive, blue fluate of 
 
 lime, same locality. (Sil. 5.401.) 
 
166 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Scapolite, containing graphite. 
 JSrucite. (Sil 6.250.) 
 
 HOBOKEN. 
 
 Magnesian Limestone forms veins from 1 line to 1 foot wide, 
 traversing serpentine, very white, sometimes granular, gen- 
 erally very compact, resembling opaque quartz. 
 
 Pulverulent Carbonate of Magnesia, in horizontal veins, near- 
 ly 2 inches wide, traversing serpentine, which here pre- 
 sents a mural precipice from 60 to 100 feet high; the car- 
 bonate occurs at about the middle height. 
 
 Nemalite, or Jlmianthoid Jlagnesite, in the serpentine rocks, 
 pale blue, resembling amianthus. 
 
 Amianthus, pale green, with a satin lustre, in serpentine. 
 
 Hydrate of Magnesia, in veins, from a few lines to 2 inches 
 thick, traversing the serpentine in various directions. 
 
 Serpentine. It forms an insulated mass, and constitutes a 
 great part of the promontory, dark green ; it contains small 
 grains and crystals ofchromate of iron. 
 
 Indurated 'Talc. 
 
 Chr ornate of Iron, in octahedral crystal*, in serpentine and oth- 
 er magnesian rocks ; it also occurs granular and amorphous. 
 Chromate of iron is occasionally found from Bare Hills, 
 near Baltimore, extending N easterly through Pennsylvania, 
 New Jersey, and New York to Milford, in Connecticut. (C.) 
 
 Marmolite, .in narrow veins in serpentine. (Sil. 4.19.) This 
 mineral, possessing no specific difference from serpentine, 
 may be called, with propriety, lamellar serpentine. (J. /? 
 A". S. P. 3.129.) 
 
 HUNTERDON CO. 
 
 Graphite. (C.) See Trenton. 
 
 IMLAYTOWN. 
 
 Green Earth, near. (C.) 
 
 Phosphate o f Iron, Hyrat of Iron, crystallized and massive, 
 and in considerable quantities^ near. The crystals are trans- 
 lucent, and have a laminated and radiated appearance ; col- 
 or dark blue. 
 
 Earthy Marl, imbedding organic remains. (/. Lea.) 
 
 LIVINGSTON. 
 
 Radiated Zeolite. (Sil. 7.58.) 
 
NEW JERSEY. 167 
 
 LONG HILL. 
 
 Prehnite, in a greenstone range, which commences near Chat- 
 ham, and extends 10 m. (Sil. 2.197.) 
 
 MAURICE RIVER. 
 
 Sand, suitable for the manufacture of flint glass. (Sck.) 
 
 MONMOUTH CO. 
 
 Earthy Marl, abundant. 
 
 Earthy Phosphate oj Iron, in this county, and various other 
 parts of the state. (C.) See Allentown, and Navesink Hill. 
 
 MORRIS CO. 
 
 drragonite, at the Succasnnny mine. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, asparagus stone, near Green pond, in 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron (C.) An extensive bed of sulphuret of 
 iron lies near the eastern base of Copperas mountain, near- 
 ly opposite to Green pond. (*il. 5.28.) 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron. The bed is nearly perpendicular, 
 and has been worked to the depth of 100 feet. (C.) 
 
 Native Magnet is found near Rarnapaugh works, and at Suc- 
 casunny. ( il. 5.28.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead has been seen in the grey wacke ranges ad- 
 jacent to Green pond. 
 
 Red Oxide of Zinc is abundant in the Highlands. (Sil. 5.30.) 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, near Green pond, where copperas was man- 
 ufactured during the late war. (Sil. 5.265.) 
 
 NAVESINK HILLS. 
 
 Alum, in white granular concretions, on argillaceous strata. 
 Columnar Argillaceous Oxide oj Iron. (C.) 
 Marl. The marl district extends irom these hills to the Del- 
 aware, and is in width about 12 m. (Sil. 6.239.) 
 
 NEWARK. 
 
 Prehnite, near Newark bay ; it occurs in light green, radiated 
 masses, sometimes one foot in diameter ; sometimes it is 
 almost compact, (C.) in ledges of fine grained greenstone 
 that border the eastern shore of Newark bay, for several 
 miles. (SU. 2.163.) 
 
168 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Peat, in considerable quantities : used as fuel for 20 years. 
 (Hall.) 
 
 NEWTON. 
 
 Sulphate ofBarytes, near, both in lamellar masses and tabular 
 crystals, in a vein traversing 
 
 Limestone, and in its vicinity are found detached masses of 
 the sulphate of barytes, containing a spheroidal nucleus of 
 Chalcedony, quartz, limestone, &c. 5 or 6 inches in diameter. 
 
 Silico- Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, imbedded in 
 
 Lamellar Carbonate of Lame, with 
 
 Graphite. (C.) 
 
 PAQ,UANACK MOUNTAIN. 
 
 Satin Spar, near Pompton plain, in narrow veins, in 
 
 Jasper, which is found in secondary greenstone. 
 
 Jlmethyst. 
 
 Chalcedony, in secondary greenstone, or in detached masses, 
 
 with quartz and jasper. (C.) 
 Crystals of Quartz, 
 Smoky Quartz, 
 Radiated Quartz, 
 Agate, from the size of a pin's head to 3 Ib. Sometimes the 
 
 eyed and fortified agates. 
 Prehnite, 
 Zeolite, and 
 Jlnalcime, are found imbedded in the summit rocks, generally 
 
 in decaying greenstone, in the range adjacent to Pompton 
 
 plains. (Si/. 2.197.) 
 Sulphate of Iron. (Si/. 5.267.) 
 
 PATTERSON. 
 
 Siliceous Borate of Lime, Datholite, near the Falls in the 
 Passaic. The crystals are usually aggregated, and partly 
 engaged in their gangue, transparent, pale green, sometimes 
 almost white, associated with stilbite, analcime, prehnite, 
 &c. in a rock, which appears to be a decomposed amygda- 
 loid. 
 
 Radiated Quartz, near the Falls, in greenstone. 
 
 Amethyst, in greenstone, sometimes in 6 sided, transparent 
 prisms, more frequently in imperfect prismatic crystals, or 
 in groups of long> slender prisms, which sometimes radiate 
 from a centre. 
 
NEW JERSEY. 163 
 
 jtgate, near, in greenstone, and in most of the greenstone hills 
 of the state 
 
 Prehnite, in secondary greenstone, where it forms fibrous 
 masses, on the surface of which it appears in small crystals. 
 
 btilbite, in secondary greenstone, both in crystals and globu- 
 lar masses, often associated with prehnite. 
 
 Zeolite, in greenstone ; its crystals sometimes traverse preh- 
 nitp. 
 
 Jlnalcime, in greenstone, and a decomposed mineral resem- 
 bling wacke, associated with 
 
 Calcareous Spar, zeolite, datholite, and prehnite ; it is amor- 
 phous ancl in crystals. 
 
 Green Earth, in amygdaloid, where it occurs in oblong, or 
 spheroidal masses, containing a nucleus of carbonate of 
 lime. (C.) 
 
 Bituminous Coal, near, and in several places near the Passaic, 
 in thin layers connected with sandstone, and 
 
 Shale. (Sil. 2.190.) 
 
 Mesotype, 
 
 Chabasie, stilbite, and prehnite, in nodules, and agates, are 
 found in the dispersed cavities of the trap, and in one local- 
 ity fine crystals of datholite. Some of the cavities of this 
 amygdaloid, which resembles the loadstone of Derbyshire, 
 are lined with crystallized carbonate of lime, and small, 
 greenish crystals of datholite ; others are exclusively lined 
 with druses of 
 
 Chlorite, crystallized or lamellar. (Sil. 5.239.J 
 
 Carbonate of Copper, with 
 
 Quartz, in radiating groups. (Sil. 5.268.J 
 
 Sulphate ofBarytes, on the W. side of Paulin's Kill, not far 
 from the locality in Newton, in a vein traversing limestone. 
 (C.) 
 
 PINE BARRENS. 
 
 Agatized Wood. It is susceptible of a good polish. (C.) 
 
 PLUCKEMIN. 
 
 Copper Ores ; new shafts have been recently sunk, near, at 
 an old copper mine. (Sil. 2.198.) 
 
 22 
 
170 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 POMPTON PLAINS. 
 
 Granular Limestone, westerly, in primitive rocks. 
 
 Serpentine, N. VV. from, in primitive rocks, associated with 
 
 Talc, and 
 
 JLsbestus. 
 
 Granular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, at the southern part of 
 
 Pompton Plain it is explored and mixed with the harder ox- 
 ides of iron. (C) 
 Peat. Pompton Plain is marshy, and embraces about 1500 
 
 acres of peat ground. (Sil. 2.196.) 
 Sahlite, pale green, in abundant masses, connected with a 
 
 beautiful white carbonate of lime, or marble, contiguous to 
 
 a formation of diaphanous 
 Serpentine, greenish yellow, traversed like that of Newburg, 
 
 with 
 Amianthus, in silky seams, contiguous to the western declivity 
 
 of the Pompton mountains. 
 Labrador Feldspar, in the vicinity of the hills of Pompton, in 
 
 a large rounded mass, sparingly mixed with hornblende. 
 
 (Sil. 5.241.) See Stony Brook Mou. rains. 
 
 PAULUS HOOK. 
 Jlgate, a rolled mass was found near. (Sil. 1.336.) 
 
 PRACKNES MOUNTAIN. 
 
 Chalcedony, sometimes invested by an opaque, mammillary, 
 
 white coat, which appears to be 
 Cacholong. 
 
 Coal exists in thin layers, connected with sandstone and 
 Shale. (C.) 
 
 PRINCETON. 
 
 Phosphate of Alumine, Wavellite, is said to have been found, 
 
 in a bed of Clay Slate. 
 Crystallized Quartz is not uncommon, but the crystals are 
 
 generally imperfect, and not very transparent. 
 Siliceous Sand, a very excellent bed, us^d for mortar, is near 
 
 the road side, S. E. of the village. 
 Agatized Wood, specimens of recently petrified wood are 
 
 sometimes met with, lying on the surface. 
 Clay Slate, a bed, very proper for building stone, crosses the 
 
 road at the N. end of the town. 
 
NEW JERSEY. 171 
 
 Shale, along the margin of Stony brook. 
 
 Yelloiv Earth is found on the side of a hill in the neighbour- 
 hood ; it is used for painting, and is considered as a very 
 good substitute for the tena de sienna. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, cubical crystals are found imbedded in 
 shale, along the margin of Stony brook. (Sil. 5.254.) 
 
 RUTGERS. 
 Red Oxide of Zinc, at the iron mine. (C.) 
 
 SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN. 
 
 Native Magnet, (C.) very abundant ; also 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron. Furnaces are in operation in the 
 eastern and western districts of the chain. 
 
 Limestone, towards the foot of the hills, skirting the valleys 
 along, quarried for making lime. 
 
 Flint, in detached masses, along the vallies and side hills, of 
 excellent quality, and very abundant. 
 
 Petuntze ? feldspar, very abundant. (Bruce, 73.) 
 
 Siderographite. A new mineral resembling graphite, consist- 
 ing of metallic iron, 54.25, and graphite 11.50, (Sit. 2.370.) 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in short 6 sided prisms, with 3 sided sum- 
 mits, and in double 6 sided pyramids. 
 
 Native Copper. 
 
 Sulphuret of Copper, in a red sandstone formation, accompa- 
 nied with the 
 
 Red Oxide of Copper, and 
 
 Carbonate of Copper. The ore is considerably abundant 
 here ; some shafts were sunk 300 feet deep. 
 
 Blue Carbonate of Copper. 
 
 Fibrous Malachite, in emerald green groups of crystalline 
 fibres, diverging from a point, or in tufts of short fibres, re- 
 sembling velvet. It is sometimes associated with Sulphuret 
 of Copper, and Carbonate of Lime. 
 
 Compact Malachite, in mammillary concretions, and some- 
 times accompanied by red oxide of copper. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc. (C.) 
 
 Dogtooth Spar, filling veins. This mine is 1 m. E. of Bell- 
 ville. (Sti. 2.194.; 
 
NEW JERSEY. 
 
 SCOTCH PLAINS. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, near, in elongated, tabular crystals wltk 
 Limestone, in greenstone. 
 
 Prehnite, in secondary greenstone, where it forms fibrous 
 masses, on the surface of which it appears in small crystals. 
 Stilbite, in foliated and fibrous masses, in greenstone. 
 Zeolite, in greenstone. (C.) 
 
 SNAKE HILL. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, near, N. from the Raritan, in grey 
 sandstone. (C.) 
 
 SNUFFTOWN. 
 
 Compact Feldspar. (C.) 
 
 SOUTH AMBOT. 
 
 Alum, in considerable quantities, on 
 
 Potter's Clay, which occurs in large quantities, greyish white, 
 adheres to the tongue, is infusible, and is much employed 
 in the manufacture of slone ware, and crucibles. (C.) 
 
 SPARTA. 
 
 Ferruginous Carbonate of Lime. 
 
 Brucite, in white foliated 
 
 Limestone, which rests on gneiss, and contains graphite and 
 mica. 
 
 Garnet, amorphous, brownish yellow, accompanying the 
 Franklinite. 
 
 Graphite, near, foliated and very flexible, in foliated limestone. 
 
 Hepatic Sulphuret of Iron, near, in masses, which break into 
 large regular tables. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, the yellow variety is accompanied by 
 graphite. 
 
 Red Oxide of Zinc, near. 
 
 Ferruginous Oxide of Titanium. 
 
 JMaclurite, near, in carbonate of lime. This mineral is ascer- 
 tained to be brucite. (C.) See Franklin. 
 
 Compact Grey Limestone, in many places between this and 
 Hamburg, near the base of the mountains, resting on prim- 
 itive rocks. (St7. 5.30.) 
 
 Shot Ore, so called, from its being used as a substitute for 
 shot, near, in company with the red oxide of zinc. (Sit. 
 5.41.) 
 
NEW JERSEY. 1/76 
 
 Franklinite, in the valley of Sparta. The eastern bed ap- 
 pears like a black mountain mass, at least 30 or 40 feet 
 wide. This mineral occasionally presents cavities lined 
 with regular octahedral crystals. This bed of Franklinite 
 continues 7 m. in its whole range. (8il. 5.242.) See Frank- 
 lin and Stirling. Chondrodite, or brucite, disseminated 
 in masses usually about the size of a hazle nut, more or 
 less of a rhombic form, throughout a white and foliated 
 limestone, generally containing scattered hexahedral laminae 
 of graphite, and more rarely 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, in bluish, pellucid crystals. Brucite is 
 by no means uncommon throughout the valley of Sparta ; 
 but the finest and clearest masses are obtained at the town 
 of Sparta. (sil. 5.245.) 
 
 Jeffersonite. It has a great resemblance to pyroxene. (SiL 
 5.402.) This mineral is ascertained, from cleavage and 
 analysis, to be a variety of pyroxene. (SiL 7.145.; & (A. 
 L. JV. H. A*. Y. 1.3.; See Franklin. 
 
 Diallage. (3. A. wV. 8. P. 2.288.) 
 
 Siliceous Oxide of Zinc, in hexagonal prisms with dihedral 
 terminations. (J. A. JV. S. P. 4.8.) 
 
 STIRLING. 
 
 Red Oxide of Zinc, (C.) 3 m. from Franklin furnace, forming 
 a mountain mass or hugo cliff, in which are thickly imbed- 
 ded crystals of 
 
 Franklinite, forming a metalliferous porphyry. On the sides 
 of the seams abundance of octahedral crystals of Franklinite 
 are often well developed, while those of the interior are 
 commonly pseudomorphous. 
 
 Carbonate of Zinc appears in numerous illinitions throughout 
 the interior of the mass. This ore merely pounded and 
 mixed with copper has been profitably employed for mak- 
 ing brass. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in beds, accompanied by hornblende 
 rocks, often within a few f^et to the W. of the Franklinite 
 bed. (SiL 5.242.) Red Zinc Ore, improperly called Red 
 Oxide of Zinc, in Franklinite, occurs in several places, but 
 in greatest quantity, and in the purest state at Stirling. (J. 
 A. JV. S. P. 4.7.; Franklinite occurs in the largest crys- 
 tals at Stirling ; smaller and most numerous at Franklin. 
 (J. W. JF.2.135.; 
 
174 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Vysluite, a new mineral, associated with the siliceous oxide 
 of zinc, &c. (J Jl. JT. fif. P. 2.287.) 
 
 Siliceous O\ide, or Silicate of Zinc , at Stirling and Franklin, 
 most abundant at Stirling ; it occurs in concretions, or 
 grains ; also in amorphous masses, and likewise crystallized 
 in hexagonal prisms with dihedral terminations, which are 
 sometimes 1 inch in diameter, and 2 inches long, some are 
 even much larger. Their color varies from a light green- 
 ish yellow, to a deep flesh red, and translucent, associated 
 with Franklinite, the red zinc ore, the dysluite, carbonate 
 of lime, and mica ; very abundant. (J. A. N. S. P. 4.8.) 
 
 White Sulphuret of Zinc. (Geo. W. Carpenter.) 
 
 STONY BROOK MOUNTAINS. 
 
 Granular Limestone, clear white, and very fine. 
 
 Marble, grayish white embracing numerous grains of noble 
 serpentine ; it admits of a good polish. 
 
 Noble Serpentine, bright green color, admitting a good polish ; 
 in the same vicinity. 
 
 Amianthus, very beautiful, alternating with 
 
 IZWc, in narrow veins, associated with noble serpentine. 
 
 Chlorite Slate is common W. of Pompton plains, in the Stony 
 brook mountains. (Sil. 5.29.) 
 
 Tremolite, beautiful, connected with the white granular lime- 
 stone. (Sil. 5.30.; See Pompton Plains. 
 
 SUCKASUNNY. See MORRIS CO. 
 SOMERVILLE COPPER MINE. 
 
 Green Quartz, in tabular, partly noded masses. A beautiful, 
 mineral, resembling chrysoprase. 
 
 Prehnite, in cavities in the greenstone, very fine. 
 
 Mountain Leather, in thin plates, very tenaceous when moist- 
 ened. 
 
 Native Silver, in small masses, disseminated through the phos- 
 phate, and crystallized red oxide of copper. 
 
 Native Copper, in irregular masses from 1 ounce up to 23 Ib. 
 
 Red O*ide of Copper, the massive variety is the common ore 
 of the mines. It is also found crystallized in octahedra, the 
 surfaces of which are exceedingly brilliant, excelling in 
 beauty those from Cornwall. 
 
 Carbonate of Copper, green, in connexion with the phosphate. 
 
NEW JERSEY. 175 
 
 Phosphate of Copper, massive, verdigris color, generally ac- 
 companying the native copper. (Sil. 5.401.) 
 
 Siliceous Hydrate of Copper, in the copper mine belonging to 
 Mr. I. Camaans, massive and opaque, color bluish green, 
 occurs as an incrustation on the 
 
 Ferruginous Copper Ore, of that mine, and is accompanied 
 by native copper, the crystallized red oxide of copper, 
 
 Green Malachite, and by native silver. This siliceous hydrate 
 is what has been supposed to be a phosphate. (Sil. 8.1 18.) 
 
 SUSSEX CO. 
 
 Mica, in limestone, in extremely short prisms, which, before 
 broken, resemble garnets. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, its gangue is sometimes the 
 
 Red O lide of Zinc, which occurs in the iron mines in Frank- 
 lin, Stirling, and Rutgers, and near Sparta, in this Co. ( C.) 
 
 Limestone, ranges through this Co. embracing 
 
 Brucite, 
 
 Zircon, 
 
 Talc, and 
 
 Graphite. (Sil. 5.30.) See Andover furnace, Ashbury, Frank- 
 lin, Hamburg, Newton, Sparta, Stirling, and Wantage. 
 
 TRENTON. 
 
 Jasper, near, of various colors. 
 
 Zircon, near, in gneiss, with a greenish feldspar. (C.) This 
 locality is at the falls of the Delaware at Trenton, about 20 
 yards above the eastern abutment of the bridge, in gneiss, 
 generally in small 4 sided prisms, of a dark brownish red, 
 imbedded in pale blue quartz, and greenish feldspar. 
 (7. Lea.) 
 
 Basanite, at the falls, in rolled masses. 
 
 Epidote, in green 6 sided prisms. (C.) 
 
 Coccolite, in foliated limestone, and in quartz, and massive, 
 same locality, with the zircon. (tiU. 6.250.) What locality 
 of zircon ? 
 
 UNIONTOWN. 
 
 Compact Peat, near Springfield, of a superior quality, resting on 
 Marl, and supposed to extend through a morass of 500 acres. 
 (Sil. 2.19SJ 
 
176 NEW JERSEY- 
 
 WANTAGE. 
 
 Silico-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, in yellow, flat, rhora- 
 boidal prisms, with trihedral summits, sometimes transpa- 
 rent, imbedded in an aggregate of hornblende and feldspar, 
 which constitutes a vein, traversing a granitic mountain. 
 (C.) This vein is from 1 to 3 and 4 feet thick, near Mr. 
 Beamer's, about 12 m. from Hamburg. (Bruce, 242.) 
 
 WEHAWK. 
 
 Kaolin, near^ pulverulent, greyish white, considerably abun- 
 dant. (C.) 
 
 WHITEHILL. 
 
 Amber has been found in considerable quantities, on the Del- 
 aware at this place, with 
 Pyrites, and 
 Carbonized Wood. (I. Lea.) 
 
 WOODBRIDGE. 
 
 Native Copper, in grains and plates, disseminated in a black- 
 ish, friable rock. (C.) 
 
 Pipe Clay, in extensive beds, in the alluvial tract, situated be- 
 tween Wood bridge and Amboy. (SU. 2.198.) 
 
 WOODBURY. 
 
 Jasper, near, of various colors. 
 Amber, near, in large plates in a bed of 
 Marl (C.) 
 
 Bituminous Wood, black, and of a poi&ctly ligneous texture. 
 (Jf. Lea.) 
 
177 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 Ltimpid Quartz, and 
 
 Yellow Quartz, in many places E. of the Blue Ridge. 
 
 Aluminous Slate occurs in the western counties. 
 
 Shale, with coal and Anthracite. 
 
 Graphic Slate is found abundantly on the Susquehanna. 
 
 Petroleum, in the western part of the state. 
 
 Anthracite, on the N. eastern branch of the Susquehanna, and 
 extends E. about 30 m. and W. 2 or 3 m. ; also near the 
 heads of the Lahawanock, Fishing, Muncy, Lehigh, and 
 Schuylkill rivers. It extends down the Susquehanna to 
 about 10 m. below Sunbury, and down the Schuylkill to 
 about 20 m. above Reading. 
 
 Coal, on the western side of the Susquehanna, extending from 
 near the mouth of the Juniata through all the country wa- 
 tered by the W. branch of the Susquehanna and its streams 
 to Pittsburg, and thence down the Ohio and its streams. 
 The coal of Pennsylvania is said to extend over one third 
 part of the state. (C.) 
 
 AARONSBERG. 
 
 Black Marble, compact limestone, containing white specks 
 like the Kilkenny marble. (C.) 
 
 ABINGTON. 
 
 Blue Quartz, near, amorphous. (C.) 
 
 ADAMS CO. 
 
 Breccia Marble, abundant. (C.) See McKessenburg, and 
 Hamilton Ban. 
 
 ALLEGHANY CO. 
 
 Common Argillaceous O vide of Iron, abundant; it is here 
 worked. (C.) See Pittsburg. 
 
 ALLENTOWN. 
 
 Buhrstone, or cellular quartz, occurs here, and is employed 
 /or mill stones. (C.) 
 23 
 
178 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ARMSTRONG. 
 
 Common Argillaceous Oxide oj Iron is here wrought. (Sch.) 
 
 BALD EAGLE MOUNTAIN. See FRANKSTOWN. 
 BALD EAGLE VALLEY. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in 
 Limestone. (C.) 
 
 BARREN HILL. 
 
 Garnet, 12 m. from Philadelphia, in dodecahedrons, some- 
 times 5 inches in diameter. 
 
 Sulphur, granular, or pulverulent, in reddish white quartz, and 
 originates from the decomposition of 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron. (C.) 
 
 BEDFORD CO. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, in large quantities, in secondary rocks, 
 at the W. foot of the Blue Ridge. (C.) See Bald Eagle 
 Valley, Bald Eagle Mountain, and Cumberland Valley. 
 
 BETHLEHEM. 
 
 Basanite, near. (C.) 
 
 BLUE RIDGE. 
 
 Quartz, elegantly stained blue and green by carbonate of cop- 
 per. 
 
 Epidote, very beautiful, with green, and other shades of cop- 
 per scattered in quartz ; the blue is prevalent and abundant 
 in the Blue Ridge. Quartz and epidote, with 
 
 Green Carbonate of Copper, and 
 
 Red Oxide of Copper, and 
 
 Native Copper, abundant. (Sil. 5.256.) See Nicholson's Gap^ 
 
 BRANDYW1NE CREEK. 
 
 Feldspar, at Dupont's lower powder manufactory, in a trap, 
 or hornblende rock, reddish dark brown. 
 
 Hypersthene, same place, in a vein traversing a primitive horn- 
 blende rock. (C.) This is now ascertained to be only a 
 variety of Pyroxene. See West Point, N. Y. 
 
 BRISTOL. 
 Flint, on the banks of the Delaware, above Bristol, in rolled 
 
PENNSYLVANIA. 179 
 
 masses, sometimes containing fossil remains ; also near the 
 Schuylkill. (C.) 
 
 BROAD MOUNTAIN. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese occurs on the head waters of Bear creek* 
 Lehigh, and Tobyhannah, sometimes in compact, detached 
 masses, and sometimes porous, or spungy cellular, the 
 cavities being lined with minute, brilliant globules. (C.) 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in perfect, transparent crystals. (Sil. 8.233.) 
 
 BUCKS CO. 
 
 Graphite, in considerable quantity ; good pencils have been 
 made from this graphite in New York. (C.) See New- 
 hope. 
 
 BUSTLETOWN. 
 
 Graphite, 4 m. from, soft, and of good quality, but traversed 
 by veins of quartz. (C.) 
 
 CHESNUT HILL. 
 
 Cyanite, near, in mica slate. 
 
 Green Mica. 
 
 Beryl, 10 m. from Philadelphia. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron., on Wichicon creek, in regular octar 
 
 hedrons, from T V to | an inch diameter, in talcose rocks. 
 Chromate of Iron. (C.) 
 Foliated Iron Ore, so called here, frequently occurs in quartz 
 
 rocks. (I. Lea.) 
 Garnet, in large, perfect dodecahedrons, abundant. (G. W. 
 
 Carpenter.} See Easton. 
 
 CHESTER. 
 
 Green Mica, near. 
 
 Schorl, near. 
 
 Beryl, near. 
 
 Kaolin, 3 m. W. in large quantities. 
 
 Pyritous Copper, with 
 
 Sulphuret oj Molybdena, which occurs near Chester, massive, 
 and in regular 6 sided tables, imbedded in the white quartz 
 of granite. (C.) The sulphuret of molybdena occurs in 
 considerable quantities on Chester creek, near a saw mill, 
 3 m. W. from the town of Chester, and about 17 m. S. of 
 Philadelphia, in granite, accompanied by 
 
PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Sulphur -et oj Iron, and 
 Phosphate of Lime. (1. Lea.) 
 
 CHESTER CO. 
 
 Magnesian Limestone, connected with primitive strata, ana 1 
 sometimes contains hornblende. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, on the Brandy wine, well crystallized. 
 
 Blue Quartz, amorphous. 
 
 Milky Quartz, 14 m. from Philadelphia, amorphous, which 
 easily seperates into very thin laminae. 
 
 Amethyst, 40 m. from Philadelphia, near the Lancaster turn- 
 pike, in large, transparent crystals, of a rich purple. 
 
 Cyanite, sometimes in masses of united crystals, I foot in 
 length, of a pale blue color. 
 
 Epidote. 
 
 Tremolite, sometimes with 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, 
 
 Asbestus, and 
 
 Serpentine. 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena, with 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, and pyritous copper. 
 
 j. / * 1 / 
 
 Magnetic Oxide oj Iron. 
 Pyritous Copper. (C.) 
 
 See Goshen, Newlin, and West 
 'Chester. 
 
 CONCORD. 
 
 Pyrepe, at Wilcox's paper mill, 1 m. from Concord, color. 
 
 fine dark red. 
 Jlctynolite, in large masses of an emerald green color. (C.) 
 
 CONESTOGA CREEK. 
 
 Brown Spar, with 
 
 Adularia, which is transparent. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in Limestone, accompanied by the 
 
 Carbonate of Lead, and 
 
 Calamine. Siliceous oxide ? or carbonate of zinc ? All these 
 
 minerals occur on Conestoga creek, 9 m. from Lancaster. 
 
 (C.) 
 
 CUMBERLAND VALLEY. 
 
 Fibrous Limestone, 15m. from Bedford, amber colored, and 
 semitransparent. (C.) 
 
 DARBY. See DELAWARE CO. 
 
PENNSYLVANIA, 181 
 
 DALAWARE CO. 
 
 Amethyst, in transparent crystals. 
 
 Cyanite, of a fine blue color, in primitive rocks. On the 
 Springfield road, about 200 yards from Darby bridge, it 
 occurs in tabular, or compressed crystals, from a very light 
 to a dark Prussian blue, in gneiss. 
 
 Glassy Actynolite, in Concord. 
 
 Chromate of Iron. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium ; its crystals have been found adher- 
 ing to an insulated mass of 
 
 Smoky Quartz, penetrated by the crystals of red oxide of ti- 
 tanium. (C.) See Chester, and Concord. 
 
 EAST MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 Amethyst. 
 
 Beryl. 
 
 Tremolite, in masses which are composed of fibres, sometimes 
 
 1 foot long. 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, either loose in the soil, or imbedded 
 
 in limestone ; it has a high, metallic lustre, associated with 
 Ferruginous O.cide of Titanium, which occurs both massi?e 
 
 and in crystals ; color, black, in the fissures of 
 Limestone, with 
 Calcareous Spar, and quartz. (C.) 
 
 EASTON. 
 
 Opal, near, strongly characterized, on the banks of the Dela- 
 ware. 
 
 Flint, near. (C.) 
 
 Transition Limestone abounds in the vicinity. 
 Transition Clay Slate. 
 
 In the sienitic range, called LEHIGH HILLS. 
 
 Prase, 2-1 m. from Easton, near the old Philadelphia road. 
 
 Tourmaline, in imperfect prisms. 
 
 Epidote, compact and crystallized. 
 
 Sahlite, 8 m. from Easton by the side of the river road to 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Hornblende, compact and lamellar, with the prase. 
 Chlorite, compact and crystallized, same place. 
 Native Magnet, 
 Common Magnetic Oxide of Iron, 
 
182 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, 
 
 Scaly Red Oxide of Iron, 
 
 Compact Red Oxide of Iron, 
 
 Ochrey Red Oxide of Iron, 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron, compact and fibrous, and 
 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron. These eight foregoing minerals 
 
 occur in various parts of the Lehigh range. 
 Titaniferous Iron Sand is found on various parts of the Sienit- 
 
 ic hills, after heavy rains. 
 
 In the Sienite of CHESNUT HILL, which is near 4 m. in ex- 
 tent, and in the immediate vicinity of Easton, are found 
 
 Tourmaline, perfect, in veins with quartz. 
 
 Epidote, compact and crystallized. 
 
 Manganesian Epidote, in hexahedral prisms. 
 
 Sahlite, in small quantity. 
 
 Hornblende, compact, slaty. 
 
 Chlorite. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Red Oxide of Iron, compact and scaly. 
 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Chromate of Iron. 
 
 Silico -Calcareous Oxide of Titanium. 
 
 In the Steatite of CHESNUT HILL. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, flesh colored. 
 
 Magnesian Carbonate of Lime, compact and crystallized. 
 
 Brucite, about 150 yards above Mr. Wolfs quarry, on the op- 
 posite shore of the Delaware, crystallized in carbonate of 
 lime. 
 
 Zircon, imbedded in talc ; found in 3 different localities, but 
 not very abundant. 
 
 Mica, lamellar and crystallized in prisms. 
 
 Nephrite, in large masses. 
 
 Saussurite, bluish green, translucent. 
 
 Scapolite. 
 
 Schaalstein, in small prismatic concretions. 
 
 Tremolite, common, glassy, and fibrous, very abundant. 
 
 Jlsbestus, compact and ligniform. 
 
 Amianthus. 
 
 Jlugite, green, imbedded in flesh colored carbonate of lime. 
 
 Coccolite, various shades of green. 
 
PENNSYLVANIA. 183 
 
 Hornblende. 
 
 Actynolite, glassy and fibrous. 
 
 Precious Serpentine, dark green, shades of yellow and green. 
 
 Common Serpentine. 
 
 Talc, crystallized in large masses, green, white, silvery white, 
 
 common. 
 
 Indurated and Scaly 1 ale. 
 Steatite, in large quantities, quarried. 
 Graphite, granular and foliated, imbedded in talc and trerao- 
 
 lite, in different parts of the range. 
 Red Oxide of Copper, and 
 Green Carbonate of Copper, in minute portions. 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in cubic and dodecahedial prisms. 
 
 In Transition Limestone. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in hexahedral prisms. 
 
 Marble, veined, 4 m. N. W. from Easton. 
 
 Agaric Mineral, and 
 
 Fossil Farina, occur abundantly in all the fissures of the lime- 
 stone. 
 
 Pearl Spar, in rhombs. 
 
 Brown Spar. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, crystallized ; in some of the ploughed fields 
 these crystals have been abundant. 
 
 Hornstone, of various colors, generally black. 
 
 In the Diluvial Formation. 
 Chalcedony, 
 Hyalite, 
 Jasper, and 
 Basanite y or Lydian Stone. (Sil. 8.238 to 240.) 
 
 EDGE HILL. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron. (C.) 
 
 FALLS OF THE DELAWARE. 
 
 Semi Opal, near Trenton Bridge, of a bluish grey color, in 
 granite. (C.) 
 
 FALLS OF THE SCHUYLKILL. See PHILADELPHIA. 
 FAYETTE CO. 
 
 Common Argillaceous Oxide of Iron is worked in this Co. (C.) 
 
184 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 FOX CHASE. See PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 FRANKFORD. 
 
 Epidote, near, 5 m. from Philadelphia. (C.) 
 
 FRANKSTOWN. 
 
 Fibrous Sulphate ofStrontian, near, in the Bald Eagle moun- 
 tain, in layers about 1 inch thick, between the strata of a 
 brownish grey slate ; color, a fine light blue ; no speci- 
 mens recently obtained. (C.) 
 
 GERMANTOWN. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, Apatite, in granite and gneiss, accompa- 
 nied by beryl, 
 
 Garnets, and 
 
 Schorl. 
 
 Asparagus Stone is found in gneiss. 
 
 Mica, crystallized in 6 sided tables and prisms. 
 
 Adularia in granite, amorphous and transparent. 
 
 Beryl, in granite, finely crystallized, (C.) ; also near, on Mr. 
 C. Peale's farm. (I. Lea.} 
 
 Melanite, in gneiss. (C.) This is believed to be only a fine 
 specimen of the common trapezoidal garnet. (1. Lea.) 
 Garnets are abundant in mica slate. (G. W. Carpenter.) 
 
 Manganesian Garnet, fine specimens. (W. Green.) 
 
 Serpentine, near, in disseminated, but partly confluent black- 
 ish s;reen masses, blended with a greyish green, confusedly 
 laminated tremolite, closely allied to hornblende, precisely 
 resembling the Fahlunite of Sweden, except in analysis. 
 (Sil 4.22.) 
 
 GOSHEN. 
 
 Native Magnet ; its polarity is strong. (C.) 
 
 HAMILTON. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, Apatite. (C.) 
 
 HAMILTON BAN. 
 
 Native Copper. ('C.) 
 
 HANOVER. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, fine specimens have been found near. (C.) 
 
PENNSYLVANIA. Ififi 
 
 JENKINTOWN. 
 
 Kaolin, near, of good quality, and in considerable quantity. 
 Hernatiiic Brown O-vide of Iron, slalactical and mammillary ; 
 very beautiful. (C.) 
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, 6 m. S., in delicate, acicular prisms, some- 
 times forming diverging, or radiated groups in the fissures of 
 Clay Slate. 
 
 Red Oxide of Copper, with 
 JMalac&ite. 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron, near. 
 Oxide of Manganese, near. (C.) 
 
 LANCASTER CO. 
 
 Chalcedony, at Little Britain, under various forms, and very 
 
 beautiful. 
 Clay Slate. (C.) See Conesloga Creek, and Lancaster. 
 
 LONDON GROVE. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime. 
 
 Yellow Tourmaline, in transparent crystals, with the silico-cai- 
 careous oxide of titanium. 
 
 Tremolite, in bladed and fibrous masses, very beautiful, in 
 
 Granular Limestone. 
 
 Mountain Cork, in granular limestone, and, when in thick lay- 
 ers, is spongy. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, crystals imbedded in granular lime- 
 stone, and associated with 
 
 Silico- Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, and yellow tourmaline. 
 (C.) The red oxide of titanium occurs in the granular 
 limestone on Mr. John Jackson's land, crystallized, in 
 prisms, geniculated, angular, and broken pieces, and rolled. 
 
 Brown Tourmaline, in carbonate of lime. (1. Lea.) 
 
 Serpentine. (SiL 4.23.) 
 
 MENTZER'S GAP. 
 
 Yellow Ferruginous Quartz, on the W. side, and at the foot 
 of the South mountain, in loose masses, sometimes corn- 
 posed almost entirely of yellow crystals, size of a grain of 
 rice, uniformly 6 sided prisms, terminated at each extremi- 
 ty by 3 faces. (C.) 
 
 24 
 
186 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 MERCERSBURG. 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron, stalactical in a cavern. (C.) 
 
 M'KESSENBURG. 
 Breccia Marble, in great quantities. (C.) 
 
 MONTGOMERY CO. 
 
 Staurotide, on the Schuylkill, 8 ra. from Philadelphia^ in tal- 
 
 cose rocks. 
 
 Nephrite, 10 rn. from Philadelphia in 
 Serpentine. 
 Epidote. 
 Asbestus. 
 
 Chlorite Slate, near the Schuylkill, containing 
 Octahedral Crystals of Iron, in abundance. 
 Lithomarge, in serpentine. (C.) See Jenkintown, Norris- 
 
 town, Perkiomen Lead Mine, Pottsgrove, and White Marsh. 
 
 MORGANTOWN. 
 
 Native Copper. (C.) 
 
 MORRIS' HILL. 
 
 Melanite, near the Philadelphia water works, well character- 
 ized. (C.) 
 
 NEW HOPE. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, 3 m. W. 5 in the old sandstone formation. 
 (C.) 
 
 NEWLIN. 
 
 Beryl, some of the crystals are well defined, and nearly 3 
 inches in diameter, and some of them resemble the French 
 beryl of limoge. (C ) An extensive locality of beryl exists 
 7 m. VV. of Westchester, in what is called the Barrens, a 
 serpentine ridge, extending nearly E. and W. with some 
 interruptions through a great part of the state. The beryl 
 is scattered over the surface, for the most part in irregular 
 pieces, sometimes in tolerable crystals, from a few grains to 
 20 Ib. weight. (Sil. 4.39.) 
 
 NICHOLSON'S GAP. 
 Sulphuret of Copper, 2 ra. N. on the Blue Ridge. 
 
PENNSYLVANIA. 187 
 
 Compact Malachite, same place (C.) Handsome porphyry. 
 (SiL 5.25(5.) See Blue Ridge. 
 
 NORRISTOWN. 
 
 Granular Limestone, here, and in several other places not far 
 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, crystallized, in large quantities, generally ag- 
 gregated, showing only their pyramids. (1. Lea.) 
 
 NORTHAMPTON CO. 
 
 Yellow Earth occurs near Fort Allen. (C.) See Chesnut 
 Hill, and Easton. 
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc ; yellow blende is imbedded in 
 Calcareous Spar, at Webb's mine, 24 m. from Northumber- 
 land. (C.) 
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND CO. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese. It also occurs on the east branch of 
 the Susquehanna, near where it enters the state. (C.) 
 
 OLEY. 
 Novaculite ; it is explored, and sells for 25 cts. a pound. (C.) 
 
 PENNSBOROUGH. 
 
 Amethyst. (C.) 
 
 PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, lamellar, compact, and earthy, some- 
 times in thin tables sprinkled over crystals of quartz. 
 Yellow Quartz, in crystals. 
 Radiated Quartz. 
 
 Native Copper, both massive and dendritic. 
 Pyritous Copper. 
 Red Oxide of Copper, in small octahedral, and translucent, ca- 
 
 pillary crystals. 
 Hue Car' 
 
 Blue Carbonate of Copper, in minute, dark blue crystals, in 
 veins, which contain galena and blende, and traverse the 
 red sandstone formation. 
 
 J2arthy Blue Carbonate of Copper, same place. 
 
 Fibrous Malachite. 
 
 Compact Malachite, 
 
188 'PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Scaly Red Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Red Hematite. 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron, mammillary, and cover* 
 crystals of quartz. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, on Perkiornen creek, 23 m. from Phila- 
 delphia ; this sulphuret, sometimes granular, is accompani- 
 ed by the carbonate, phosphate, rnolybdate and sulphate of 
 lead, yellow blende, several ores of copper, and the scaly 
 red oxide of Iron. The shaft of this mine is about 170 
 feet deep and a horizontal drift 300 feet, enters the shaft 
 80 feet below the surface, in the old red sandstone formation. 
 
 Carbonate of Lead, crystallized, and compact. 
 
 Sulphate of Lead, in octahedrons, sometimes very large. 
 
 Phosphate of Lead, in green prisms, and in reniform concre- 
 tions, or crusts. 
 
 Molybdate of Lead, finely crystallized in small tables, orange, 
 and wax yellow. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, the yellow, brown, and black varieties. 
 
 Calamine, siliceous oxide ? or the carbonate of zinc ? 
 
 Carbonate of Zinc, in reniform concretions, radiated and com- 
 pact. (C.) 
 
 Arsenical Iron, near, yellowish white. 
 
 Limpid Quartz occurs in large quantities, crystallized, gener- 
 erally aggregated, showing only their pyramids. (I. Lea.) 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Marble ; two large quarries are worked within 20 m. 
 
 Crystallized Magnesian Carbonate of Lime, 13m. See Talc. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, Apatite, near, on the canal road. (C.) 
 It occurs massive, on the Baltimore turnpike, 1 m. from 
 the bridge. (/. Lea.} 
 
 Rose Red Quartz, in this county, amorphous, but nearly 
 transparent. 
 
 Common Quartz. 4 m. on the Schuylkill, in perfect crystals. 
 
 Chalcedony, on the West Chester road, 16 or 17 m. from Phil- 
 adelphia, bluish milky color, covered with druses of 
 
 Yellow Crystallized Quartz, and sometimes contains a hair 
 brown, arborescent substance, associated with quartz in de- 
 composed serpentine. 
 
 Flint, in rolled masses, in gravel, near the Schuylkill. (C.) 
 Also on the shores of the Delaware, of a black color, con 
 taining organic remains. (/. Lea.) 
 
PENNSYLVANIA. 189 
 
 ttornstone, about 10 m. from Philadelphia, on the Easton 
 road, greyish white. (C.) Also in the gravel hills, near 
 the Schuylkill, in small pieces, of a fine texture. (I. Lea.) 
 
 Jasper, on the shores of the Delaware and Schuylkill, in de- 
 tached masses, of various colors, and is sometimes travers- 
 ed by veins of chalcedony. 
 
 Cyanite, on the Wilmington road, 11 m. in very dark crystals; 
 OQ the road to the Lazaretto, it is blue ; also about 8 m. 
 up the Schuylkill; also on the Wichicon, 4 m. from its 
 mouth, with staurotide, and garnets, in mica slate. 
 
 Staurotide, 12 m. from Philadelphia, in mica slate. Also on 
 the Wichicon, 8 m. from Philadelphia, in 6 sided prisms, 
 with dihedral summits, and is associated with cyanite, and 
 dodecahedral garnets in gneiss. (C.) This locality is on 
 the E. side of a large, steep, uncultivated hill of gneiss 
 rocks ; very abuadant. (1. Lea.) 
 
 Zircon, on the Schuylkill, 14 rn. from Philadelphia, imbed- 
 ded in sienite which rests on serpentine ; also, on the York 
 road, 15 m (C.) Also, on the Schuylkill) about 10 m. from 
 Philadelphia, in a rock similar to that of Trenton. (I, Lea.) 
 
 Feldspar^ on the W. side of the Schuylkill, a little above the 
 upper bridge, in 10 sided prisms, with dihedral summits. 
 (C.) This is at Judge Peters' quarry. A beautiful white 
 variety is found, about 1 m. up the canal road, E. side, as- 
 sociated with Crystallized Mica, and phosphate of lime. 
 (/. Lea.) 
 
 Beryl, on the banks of the Schuylkill, 3 m. above the perma- 
 nent bridge. (C.) Also in a quarry of gneiss belonging to 
 Judge Peters, about 300 yards above the upper bridge on 
 the W. side of the Schuylkill. (/. Lea.) 
 
 J\langanesian Garnet, 9 m. from Philadelphia, between the 
 ridge road and the Schuylkill, in the soil, brownish red ; 
 compact texture, in masses from 1 Ib. to 100 Ibs. 
 
 Common Garnet, on the E. side of Wichicon creek, on the 
 top of a hill, lam. above its mouth, in dodecahedrons. (C.) 
 The best specimens of the dodecahedrons are found on the 
 Wichicon, about 9 m. from Philadelphia. The prismatic 
 
 firnet is found near the same place. Also 1 J m. above the 
 alls of the Schuylkill, in very perfect, deep red, trapezoi- 
 dal crystals, in mica slate. (1. Lea.) 
 
 Zoisite, at the end of the canal road, in greyish, acicular crys- 
 tals, in fascicular groups, in hornblende rocks. 
 
190 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Zeolite, on the Schuylkill, 4 m. from Philadelphia, in the 
 fissures of a hornblende rock, in laminae of an inch thick, 
 white, with a pearly lustre. 
 
 Jlsbestus, at the end of the canal road, 31 m. from Philadel- 
 phia, in very delicate fibres, on quartz, in hornblende rocks. 
 
 Hornblende, on the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia, in large 
 masses, and sometimes in bladed, or acicular crystals, on 
 the canal road. 
 
 Actynolite, on the Wichicon, 10 m. from Philadelphia, in 
 green, acicnlar crystals, in steatite. 
 
 Trt/c, near the Schuylkill, about 10 m. from Philadelphia, in 
 the soapstone quarries, sometimes in laminated, semitrans- 
 parent masses of a fine green, connected with rhomb spar. 
 
 Steatite, on the Schuylkill, 10 m. from Philadelphia, connect- 
 ed with talc, and much employed, under the name of soap-- 
 stone. 
 
 Chlorite, near the Falls of the Schuylkill foliated, mammilla- 
 ry, and botryoidal, in a hornblende rock. (C.) It is found 
 in fine particles with quartz at Willow grove, and laminat- 
 ed, near the soapstone quarry on the E. side of the Schuyl- 
 kill. (I. Lea.) 
 
 Kaolin, on Robeson's hill, 6 m. VV. from Philadelphia, in 
 granitic rocks ; also in several places near Philadelphia. 
 
 Potter's Clay, near. 
 
 Magnetic Pyrites, near, small quantities, in hornblende rocks. 
 
 Chromate of Iron, from 10 to 14 m. from Philadelphia, on the 
 West Chester and Lancaster roads, near the Foxchase, &c. 
 in magnesian rocks ; sometimes in small veins, but more 
 frequently in detached masses in the soil, varying from a 
 few ounces to 20 Ibs., and in one instance to about 500 Ibs. 
 in weight. It is sometimes accompanied by 
 
 Magnetic Iron, 
 
 Brown Hematite, asbestns, &ic. The chromate of iron is 
 worth from $40 to $60 a ton in market. 
 
 Silico-Cal car eons Oxide of Titanium, near the falls of the 
 Schuylkill, 5 m. from Philadelphia, in granite, or gneiss, or 
 in veins of quartz, which traverse these rocks. (C.) 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, stained by carbonate of copper, 40 m. 
 N. of Philadeljohia. Zeolite, 3 m. from Philadelphia. 
 
 Sulphuret ofMolybdena, 15 m. S. of Philadelphia. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, 3 m. from Philadelphia. (JSil. 5.41. ) 
 
 Phosphate of Manganese, near the new water works, in small, 
 
PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 imperfectly laminated masses, imbedded in granite. (A. L. 
 JV. H. M\ York, 1.92.) 
 
 Fluate of Lime, amorphous, has been found at the Falls of 
 the Schuylkill, in the quarry of gneiss. 
 
 Arenaceous Quartz, on the shores of the river, in large quan- 
 tities, and in the gravel hills W. 
 
 Black Mica, on the Wilmington road, near the woodland, in 
 hexahedral crystals, circumscribed by those of a light brown, 
 and 50 yards E. of the canal road, just beyond the house of 
 Mr. Casper Morris, in large hexahedral plates. 
 
 Black Schorl, in most of the granite and gneiss rocks in this 
 vicinity, and more abundant at Judge Peters' quarry, and 
 Sheridan's quarry, near the upper bridge, as well as on the 
 opposite side of the Schuylkill. The finest specimens have 
 been found 8 m. on West Chester road. 
 
 Adularia, in the hornblende rocks of the quarry, at the end of 
 the canal road ; some specimens are distinctly crystallized. 
 
 Epidote, massive, and crystallized in a large piece of quartz, 
 i of a m. above the upper bridge, nearly 100 yards W. of 
 the Schuylkill. 
 
 Foliated Iron Ore, so called here, on the Wichicon, frequent- 
 ly occurs in quartz rocks -J- of un inch thick. It appears to 
 be a black oxide of iron, (/ -Lea.; 
 
 While Beryl, on the old York road, 5 m. from Philadelphia, 
 in well defined, regular hexahedrons; also yellow, and 
 shades of green, imbedded in granite, rare. 
 
 Radiated Steatite, on the Wichicon creek, about a m. above 
 its junction with the Schuylkill, composed of acicular crys- 
 tals, or fibres, radiating from a centre, forming little tufts ir- 
 regularly grouped, of a silken lustre, abundant. 
 
 Magnetic O.iide oj Iron, in octauedral crystals, on the Wichi- 
 con, in talcose rocks. (G. W. Carpenter.') 
 
 PITTSBURGH. 
 
 Coal, here approaches the surface, and is sold for about 6 
 cents a bushel. Coal is said to extend over one third of 
 this state. (C.) 
 
 Sandr suitable for the manufacture of the best flint glass, at 
 Perryopolis, on the Youghiogeny river, 23 m. above Pitts- 
 burg. (Sch.) 
 
192 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 POTTSGROVE-. 
 
 Native Copper. (C.) 
 
 READING. 
 
 Flint, near. 
 Basamte, near. (C.) 
 
 ROBESON'S HILL. See PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 ROXBOROUGH. 
 
 Pulverulent Carbonate of Magnesia, disseminated in granite 
 and mica slate, and sometimes appearing in veins and cavi- 
 ties. 
 
 Fibrous Talc. 
 
 Scaly Talc, in granite. (C.) 
 
 SANDERSBURG. 
 
 Marble, variegated, in which the darker colors are intersect- 
 ed by white veins, and the lighter colors by dark lines. (C.) 
 
 SCHUYLKILL, AND SCHUYLKILL FALLS. See PHILADELPHIA. 
 SPRING MILLS. 
 
 Jasper, near, yellowish, and occurs in considerable blocks. (C.) 
 Jaspery Iron Ore, in the road near, massive, in considerable 
 quantities. (/. Lea.) 
 
 TRENTON BRIDGE. See FALLS OF THE DELAWARE. 
 UPPER DUBLIN. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, in hexagonal tables. 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron, often in geodes, the interior 
 
 of which is botryoidal, mammillary, or stalactical, and black. 
 
 (C.) 
 
 UPPER MERIAN. 
 
 Semi Opal, leek green and opaque, in 
 Serpentine. (C.) 
 
 WAINE CO. 
 
 Glay Slate, on the Delaware^ about 75 m. from Philadelphia, 
 of good quality. (C.) 
 
PENNSYLVANIA. 193 
 
 WARWICK IRON WORKS. 
 
 Chlorite, containing 
 Sulphur et of Iron. (C.) 
 
 WASHINGTON CO. 
 
 Common Argillaceous Oxide of Iron is worked here. (Sch.) 
 WEBB'S MINE. See NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 WEST CHESTER. 
 
 Blue Quartz, about 2 m. W. on the E. side of the Brandy- 
 wine, containing 
 
 Zircon, (C.) in the road, on the opposite side of the creek, 
 from James Jefferis' farm. (1. Lea.) 
 
 Asbestus, near. 
 
 Serpentine, near, color varying from a light to a dark green. 
 (C.) 
 
 WHITE MARSH. 
 
 Granular Limestone, on the Schuylkill, 10 to 15 m. from 
 Philadelphia, extensively quarried. (C.) 
 
 WICHICON CREEK. See PHILADELPHIA. 
 WILKSBARRE. 
 
 Anthracite appears here at the surface, and forms beds from 
 20 to 30 feet thick. See Pennsylvania. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, near, crystallized and amorphous. (C.) 
 
 Slate, containing vegetable impressions, and sometimes imbed- 
 ding 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, which readily decompose on exposure to 
 the atmosphere. (SiL 4.2.) 
 
 Pavonine, or iridescent coal, brilliant specimens are abundant, 
 but they are found only in the water, or in moist situations. 
 (SiL 4.7.) 
 
 YORK CO. 
 
 Epidote. 
 
 Clay State in this and Lancaster Co. in strata, extending 
 across the Susquehanna into Maryland. The 3 principal 
 quarries are within 2 or 3 m. of this river, and yield annu- 
 ally about 1600 tons of slate of excellent quality. (C<) 
 
194 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium. (C) 
 
 CAPE HENLOPEN. 
 
 Jlgatized Wood, near. (C.) 
 
 CHRISTIAN HUNDRED. 
 
 Common Asbestos, very abundant in 
 Serpentine. (C.) 
 
 IRON HILL. 
 
 Granular Pyroxene. (J. A. N. S. P. 3.124.) 
 
 SUSSEX CO. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore, in large quantities, among the branches of 
 Nanticoke river. (Morse.) 
 
 WILMINGTON. 
 
 Apatite, 6 m. N. W., grass green in Graphic Granite, with 
 
 Schorl, or Black Tourmaline, and 
 
 Garnets. 
 
 feldspar, 6 m. N. W. in granite ; it is white, often tinged 
 with red or green, and beautifully striated on the surface 
 of the broader planes, in the direction of the natural joints. 
 
 Kaolin, 7 m. below, in granite. (C.) 
 
195 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 Fetid Carbonate of Lime is abundant on the Alleghany Ridge. 
 
 Breccia Marble. An extensive quarry of this marble is open- 
 ed on the eastern side, and at the foot of the Blue Ridge, 
 on the banks of the Potomac, not far from its junction with 
 the Monocasy, 50 or 60 m. above the city of Washington. 
 The colors of this very beautiful, variegated breccia are 
 white, grey, reddish brown, blackish, &c. 
 
 Potters Clay, S. of the granitic ridge, are extensive beds of 
 white and colored clays, suitable for manufactures. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand. (C.) 
 
 ANNE ARUNDEL CO. 
 
 flgatized Wood. 
 
 Amber, at Cape Sable, near Magothy river, in grains or mass- 
 es, sometimes 4 or 5 inches in diameter, usually invested 
 by a rough, greyish coat, associated with 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in a bed of lignite 3 or 4 feet thick, cover- 
 ed by a stratum of sand. In the same place is found the 
 Earthy variety of amber, in small friable masses. 
 
 Lignite. The bed is 3| to 4 feet thick, composed of 
 
 Jet, 
 
 Brittle Lignite, 
 
 Bituminous Wood, and 
 
 Brown Lignite ; it is penetrated throughout by pyrites, and 
 rests on sand, which also embraces pyrites. 
 
 Earthy Lignite, in a bed from 5 to 12 feet thick, containing 
 
 Pyritous Wood, and large fragments of bituminous wood, 
 resting on argillaceous sandstone. (C.) 
 
 BALTIMORE. 
 
 Sulphate of Strontian, near, small quantities in gneiss? 
 Granular Limestone, 9 m., white, sometimes semitransparent, 
 
 and composed of large grains. 
 Fibrous Limestone near. 
 Crystallized Magnesian Carbonate of Lime, 21 m. from, in 
 
 primitive limestone. 
 
196 MARYLAND. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, Apatite, 2 or 3 m, on the Falls turnpike, 
 in grains, or hexahedral prisms in granite. 
 
 Selenite, near, fine crystals, in small quantities. 
 
 Milky Quartz, near, crystallized and amorphous. 
 
 Radiated Quartz, 8 m. from, in detached masses. 
 
 Tabular Quartz, near. The hills on which Baltimore is 
 built, present immense quantities of pebbles of quartz, ar- 
 ranged in beds of various thickness. 
 
 Prase, near. 
 
 Fetid Quartz, about 20 m., near the York and Lancaster road, 
 in primitive limestone, with small prisms of the red oxide 
 of titanium. 
 
 Chalcedony, 4 m. from Baltimore. 
 
 Hornstone, near, with a conchoid al fracture. 
 
 Jasper, in detached masses, red, brown, and yellow. 
 
 Agate, near. 
 
 Cyanite, 20 m. on the Falls turnpike ; its crystals, sometimes 
 5 inches long, are usually pale green, rather blue, imbed- 
 ded in a micaceous rock; sometimes in loose masses, 
 chiefly cyanite connected with quartz ; sometimes associat- 
 ed with staurotide, garnets, and magnetic iron ; also on the 
 same road 7 m. from Baltimore, crystallized and massive. 
 
 Staurotide, 7 m. in mica slate, sometimes with cyanite. 
 
 Zircon, 2 m. from Baltimore, in granite. 
 
 Yellow Tourmaline, near, in minute honey yellow crystals, 
 with yellow mica in primitive limestone. 
 
 Black Schorl, at Jones' Falls, in a vein of granite, crystals 
 sometimes more than 3 inches in circumference ; also 8 m. 
 from Baltimore, on the Falls turnpike, in brown crystals, 
 in saccharoidal limestone. 
 Green Feldspar, near, in granite. 
 
 Adularia, W. of Jones' Falls, in granite, at the quarries, of a 
 pure white, reflecting a blue light. 
 
 Aventurine Feldspar, near. 
 
 Fetid Feldspar, Necronite, 21m. from Baltimore, in the prim- 
 itive limestone, of which the monument of Washingjon is 
 constructed ; associated with brown mica, sulphuret of iron, 
 tremolite, and small, prismatic crystals of the oxide of tita- 
 nium. Quartz, nearly as fetid as the necronite, in another 
 quarry of primitive limestone, a few m. distant, associated 
 with small prisms of titanium. 
 Beryl, near, in granite, crystals in most cases imperfect. 
 
MARYLAND. 197 
 
 Scapolite, it is said, has been found near. 
 
 Mochroite. A mineral resembling it has been found near. 
 
 Epidote, at Jones' Falls, in fine crystals, imbedded in a vein 
 of crystallized feldspar, and chlorite. 
 
 Zeolite, at Jones' Falls, in quadrangular prisms, with pyra- 
 midal terminations, accompanied by chlorite, feldspar, epi^ 
 dote, &;c. 
 
 Tremolite, at several places not far from Baltimore, in Carbo- 
 nate of lime. 
 
 Augite, 8 m. on the Falls turnpike, white, in dolomite, with 
 red oxide of titanium ; also 5 m. from Baltimore, olive 
 green, or brownish red, broad 6 sided prisms, 5 or 6 inches 
 long ; the red crystals are transparent, in a vein of chlorite 
 traversing greenstone, associated with black schorl. 
 
 Actynolite, near, all its varieties occur in granite or gneiss. 
 
 Talc, near, fibrous, ligniform, &c. and sometimes foliated. 
 
 Scaly Talc, near. 
 
 Chlorite, near, abundant. 
 
 Novaculite, on the Patuxent, near the road to Washington. 
 
 Haydenite, 1 j m. from Baltimore, in the fissures of gneiss, as- 
 sociated with zeolite, lenticular carbonate of iron, &c. 
 
 Sulphuret of Copper, near. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, about 20 m., extremely abundant, and the 
 
 Sulphate of Iron is readily efflorescent. Copperas is here 
 manufactured. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, near. 
 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, near, in gneiss ; also lamellar in chlo- 
 rite. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, near, in primitive rocks. 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of Iron, fine specimens are found 1? 
 m. from Baltimore. 
 
 Nodular Argillaceous Oxide oj Iron forms extensive beds 3 
 m. S. and W. from Baltimore. These nodules are com- 
 posed of concentric layers, between which very beautiful, 
 dark brown, lenticular crystals of sparry iron are sometimes 
 found, giving to the surface the rich aspect of velvet. 
 
 Carbonate of Iron, near, in lenticular crystals attached to 
 gneiss. Also in the nodular iron as described above. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lie ad, near, forming a vein in primitive limestone. 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, near, the yellow variety occurs with gale- 
 na in gneiss. 
 
 Oxide of Cobalt, near, connected with oxide of manganese; 
 
198 MARYLAND. 
 
 it is found in an alluvial deposite of sand, in bluish black 
 masses, of grains of sand, cemented by the two oxides. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, near, in small quantities. 
 
 Svlphuret of Molybdena, at the quarries on the Falls turnpike, 
 in granite. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, near, light red, prismatic, and lami- 
 nated, in a yellowish quartz ; also 8 m. from Baltimore, 
 with white augite, in dolomite ; also about 20 m. from Bal- 
 timore, on the York and Lancaster road, in the primitive 
 limestone, which contains the necronite, and fetid quartz. 
 
 Crystallized Green Oxide of Uranium occurs near Baltimore. 
 
 Earthy Green Oxide of Uranium is said to exist near. (C.) 
 
 Crystallized Magnesia ? Handsome Rhomb Spar is found 
 forming a vein in compact limestone, 9 m. from Baltimore. 
 
 Lamellar Quartz, 9 m. from Baltimore. Fine black tourma- 
 line, in veins in gneiss, and elegant brown tourmaline, 20 
 m. from Baltimore. 
 
 Foliated Feldspar, flesh red, very fine, 9 m. from Baltimore. 
 
 Mesotype, and 
 
 Chabasie, and 
 
 Analcime, near. Apatite. Red crystals in quartz and feldspar. 
 
 Ligniform Steatite, 9 m. from Baltimore. Brown Hematite, 
 13 m. from Baltimore, on the York road. (Sil. 5.^55, &,c.j 
 
 Quartz, Crystallized, white and brown of all sizes. (Bruce, 
 
 225.; 
 
 Garnet, on the Falls turnpike, in mica slate. Garnets abound 
 in the neighborhood. (Bruce, 226.J 
 
 Jl/lica, Crystallized, and foliated, is found in almost every di- 
 rection. (Bruce, 228.) 
 
 Bovey Coal, disseminated in the clay of Caton's ore bank, 
 near the Washington road, 3 m. Also 15m. near the Bod- 
 kin Point, in beds. (Bruce, 230.; 
 
 Silico-Calcareovs Oxide of Titanium, disseminated through 
 the granite, at the Falls of Petapsco, 10 m. on the Freder- 
 erick turnpike. (Bruce, 232.) 
 
 BARE HILL. 
 
 Semi Opal, in thin veins, in serpentine. 
 
 Pitchstone, in serpentine, 7 m. from Baltimore* 
 
 Asbestus, common, radiated, and ligniform, and 
 
 Amianthus, occur in serpentine. 
 
 Magnetite*! in narrow veins, in serpentine. , 
 
 Serpentine, chiefly the common variety. 
 
MARYLAND. 199 
 
 Steatite, several varieties, fibrous, lignifonn, &ic. in serpentine. 
 
 Lithomarge, in serpentine. 
 
 Chromate of Iron, all its varieties occur here, and some of 
 them abundantly, in veins, or in masses, in serpentine. The 
 crystals are found in channels, worn by the water in the 
 sides of the hill, and the serpentine is here traversed by 
 veins of 
 
 Indurated Talc. The crystals of chromate are mixed with 
 sand, and the granular variety, which occurs either loose 
 or is disseminated in an indurated steatite, or serpentine. 
 The amorphous variety is associated with talc, steatite, &ic. 
 in serpentine. 
 
 Silica-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, in feldspar. (C.) 
 
 Marmolite, in narrow veins in serpentine, (ail. 4.19.) As 
 this mineral is chymically the same as serpentine, it can 
 only be considered as a variety, or subspecies, as 
 
 Lamellar Serpentine. (J. A. N. S. P. 3.129.) 
 
 Jjiventurine Feldspar, a fragment was found. (Bruce, 226.) 
 
 BLADENSBURG. 
 
 Nodular Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, at Bomb Shell hill, near, 
 in nodules, sometimes perfectly globular, from 2 to 8 inch- 
 es in diameter ; the crust has a metallic aspect, interior 
 generally rilled with sand, exposed to heat they burst with 
 explosion. (C.) These nodules occur in size from less 
 than an inch to more than a foot in diameter ; they are 
 sometimes double. (Eddy.) 
 
 BLUE RIDGE. See WASHINGTON CO. 
 
 BOONSBOROUGH. See WASHINGTON CO. 
 
 CAPE SABLE. See ANNE ARUNDEL CO. 
 
 FREDERICK CO. 
 
 Granular Limestone, near Sam's Creek, containing some Mi- 
 ca, and Talc ; it is primitive. 
 
 Marble, red and white, resembling, when polished, some va- 
 rieties of soap, is wrought here, and sells in a rough state, 
 at Baltimore, for $2 a cubic foot. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in perfectly transparent crystals, with a splen- 
 dent lustre, scattered on the surface of the ground. 
 
 Aluminous Slate. The E. side of Cotocton range is chiefly 
 composed of it. 
 
200 MARYLAND. 
 
 Arsenical Nickel, in the copper mines. ( C.) See Liberty. 
 
 FORT WARBURTON. 
 
 Selenite, fine crystals have been found, near, on the Potomac. 
 (C.) 
 
 HAGERSTOWN. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash, Nitre has been manufactured at Hughe's 
 
 cave, near Hagerstown. (6\) 
 White Marble, resembling the statuary marble of Vermont. 
 
 (Sil. 5.264.) 
 
 HARFORD CO. 
 
 Common Argillaceous Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Chromate of Iron, in Serpentine, or in detached masses, in 
 abundance, and of good quality. It thence extends north 
 easterly through Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York 
 to Milford in Connecticut. (C.) 
 
 JONES' FALLS. See BALTIMORE. 
 
 LIBERTY. 
 
 Sulphate ofBarytes, at Liberty, with grey copper, and 
 Fluate of Lime. 
 
 Native Copper, 15m. from Fredericktown, with 
 Sulphuret of Copper. 
 
 Grey Copper has been observed here, with sulphate of barytes. 
 Antimonial Sulphuret of Lead has been found near Liberty- 
 town. (C.) 
 
 MOUNT ALTO. 
 
 Compact Brown Oxide of Iron, occurs on the Blue Ridge, at 
 Hughe's mine, in stalagmites, or very beautifully dendritic, 
 resembling, in large masses, a grove of trees. (C.) 
 
 NEW MAKET. 
 
 Marble* intermediate, between dove colored and ash grey ; it 
 possesses a fine grain, receives a good polish, and is sold at 
 Baltimore, in a rough state, at $2 a cubic foot. (C.) 
 
 PETAPSCO FALLS. 
 
 Silica -Calcareous Oxide of Titanium ; its crystals are dissem- 
 inated in granite, 10 m. from Baltimore. (C.) 
 
MARYLAND. 201 
 
 PIPE CREEK. 
 
 Grey Copper has been observed at Pipe Creek, 18m. from 
 Baltimore. (C.) 
 
 REISTERTOWN. 
 
 Chalcedony, 16 m. from Baltimore, at " Soldier's Delight," in 
 magnesian rocks, and sometimes contains a dendritic sub- 
 stance. 
 
 Chromate of Iron, near Reistertown, at " Soldier's Delight," in 
 
 Serpentine, or loose upon the surface. (C.) 
 
 SOUTH MOUNTAIN. 
 
 Common Argillaceous Ovide of Iron, on the W. side, and at 
 the foot of the South Mountain, extending from the Poto- 
 mac into Pennsylvania. It is usually imbedded in a ferru- 
 ginous clay. (C.) 
 
 Yellow Ferruginous Quartz, beautifully crystallized. (Sil. 
 5.256.) 
 
 ST. MARY'S co. 
 
 Selenite, fine crystals occur in alluvial soil, on the Patuxent. 
 (C.) 
 
 TANEYTOWN. 
 
 Antimonial Sulphuret of Lead has been found near. (C.) 
 
 WASHINGTON CO. 
 
 Granular Limestone, at Boonsborough, associated with transi- 
 tion rocks, from which is wrought a very white 
 
 Marble, having a finer grain than that of the Italian statuary 
 marble. 
 
 Stalagmite, Alabaster, in Hughe's Cave. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, on the W. side of the Blue Ridge, with 
 
 I luate of JLime. 
 
 Prase, on the W. side of the Blue Ridge, in masses scattered 
 on the surface. 
 
 Ferruginous Quartz, W. side of Blue Ridge, in small, yellow- 
 ish, well defined crystals. 
 
 Hornstone, W. side of Blue Ridge, in large masses, constant- 
 ly containing carbonate of copper. 
 
 Aluminous Slate. 
 
 Native Copper. 
 
 Compact Malachite. (C.) 
 26 
 
202 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 Flint, on the shore of the eastern branch of the Potomac, 
 near the navy yard, in small nodules. 
 
 Hornstone, containing organic remains. 
 
 Agatized Wood, Woodstone, 3 m. N. from Washington, some- 
 times invested with minute crystals of quartz, fine speci- 
 mens, and abundant. 
 
 Schorl, in Georgetown, in gneiss. 
 
 Lignite, and 
 
 Pyritlcal Fossil Wood, are found abundantly in digging wells. 
 
 Iron Ore, in the vicinity of the vvoodstone locality, in detached 
 masses on the surface. Organic remains in sandstone, 
 abundant. (Eddy.) 
 
303 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Hornstonc, in the northwestern part of the state, in globular 
 
 masses, and sometimes forming distinct beds. 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron. 
 Sulphur et of Molybdena. (C.) 
 
 ABINGDON. 
 
 Gypsum, near. (C.) Sulphate of lime has been found abun- 
 dantly on Holstein river, on the VV. side of the Aileghany 
 mountain. (Sil. 3.245.) 
 
 ALBEMARLE CO. 
 
 Jasper. 
 
 Oxide oj Manganese. (C.) 
 
 AMELIA CO. 
 
 Graphite abounds in Winterham in this Co. (Morse.) 
 
 AMHERST CO. 
 
 Blue Quartz, near the Blue Ridge, in amorphous masses. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, disseminated in loose masses of 
 quartz on the soil, crystals sometimes nearly 4 inches long, 
 and often geniculated. (C.) These crystals are found 
 throughout this Co., Campbell, and Bedford, about 20 miles 
 above Richmond ; many .of the specimens are elegant ; 
 sometimes as large as one's finger. (Sil. 2.143J 
 
 Copper Ores. A copper mine was opened in this Co. on the 
 W. side of James river, but is not now wrought. (Morse,) 
 
 AUGUSTA CO. 
 
 Limpid Quartz. Beautiful crystals are found in this Co. 
 il. 1.225.) 
 
 Sulphate ofBarytes, on the Great Kenhawa. (C.) 
 
204 VIRGINIA. 
 
 BEDFORD CO. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, disseminated in loose masses of 
 quartz, on the soil, over the Co. as in Amherst. (C.) 
 
 Copper Ore A copper mine was opened on the E. side of 
 James river, but is not now wrought. (Morse.) 
 
 BUCKINGHAM CO. 
 
 Gold is found, pure, and mixed, on the surface of the ground. 
 (Morse.) 
 
 CAMPBELL CO. 
 
 Blue Quartz, near the Blue Ridge, in amorphous masses. 
 
 Staurotide. 
 
 Graphite. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, disseminated in loose masses of 
 quartz, scattered over the county, as in Amherst, fine spec- 
 imens. (C.) 
 
 CHARLOTTE CO. 
 
 Amethyst* near the Roanoke ; it is abundant in alluvial soil, in 
 large crystals, sometimes forming groups, and varying in 
 color from deep violet to nearly white. (C.) 
 
 CHESTERFIELD CO. 
 
 Coal. See Richmond, which is in Henrico Co. 
 
 FINCASTLE. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes. 
 
 Gypsum, on the head waters of Staunton river, 25 m. from 
 Fincastle. (C.) 
 
 GREAT KENHAWA. 
 
 Muriate of Soda, 50 m. S. from the Ohio. On the Great Ken- 
 hawa. are extensive salt works, from salt springs. 
 
 Carburetted Hydrogen Gas. On the banks of the Great Ken- 
 hawa, near the mouth of the Elk, is a large mass of soft, 
 black earth, into which a pole may be thrust 10 or 15 feet; 
 and from these apertures often proceeds a stream of carbu- 
 retted hydrogen gas, which will continue to burn for some 
 time. (C.) 
 
 GREENBRIER CO. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia, in a cavern 
 Agate. (C.) 
 
VIRGINIA. 205 
 
 Muriate of Soda. Salt springs have been found in thiscoun- 
 ty. (Morse,) 
 
 HARPER'S FERRY. 
 
 Chlorite. 
 
 Slaty Chlorite, abundant. (C.) 
 
 HENRY CO. 
 
 Mica, of superb lustre, and beautiful shades of color. (Sti. 
 
 5.257.) 
 Prismatic Mica, near the southern limit. (Prof. Olmstead.) 
 
 HOLSTEIN RIVER. See ABINGDON. 
 JEFFERSON CO. 
 
 Sulphate of Lime, at the foot of the Blue Ridge, and near 
 Shenandoah river, 25 m. N. E. from Winchester. (Stl. 
 3.245.) 
 
 KENHAWA. 
 
 Petroleum, on the Kenhawa. (C.) 
 
 Sulphate of Lime, in considerable quantity on this river. 
 (Sil 3.245.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. There are valuable lead mines on the 
 Kenhawa, opposite the mouth of Cripple creek, and 25 m. 
 from the North Carolina boundary. The ore is very abun- 
 dant. (Morse.) 
 
 LAURELL HILL. 
 
 Buhrstone ; it is quarried here to furnish millstones. (C.) 
 
 LEESBURG. 
 
 Sulphuretted Oxide of Antimony, near, in detached masses in 
 the soil j it has a deep ruby red color. (C.) 
 
 LEXINGTON. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, near, in small plates, almost fine grained. 
 (Sil. 5.255.) 
 
 MADISON'S CAVE. 
 
 Stalactites, and Stalagmites. 
 Reddle, near. (C.) 
 
 MONROE CO. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia, on the walls and floors of caverns. (C.) 
 
206 VIRGINIA. 
 
 MONTGOMERY CO. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, in a vein or extensive bed near Col. Han- 
 cocks, resembling exactly, in all its characters, the calcare- 
 ous concretions which are found forming in the caves of the 
 country. It appears to have been a calcareous deposition, 
 in a chasm, in the common limestone of the country. 
 
 Siliceous Carbonate of Lime, near Col. Hancock's, in a bed. 
 (Sil. 1.63.) 
 
 NORTH MOUNTAIN. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, near. ( C.) 
 
 Fluate of Lime, at the foot of the North mountain on the E. 
 side, 25 m. S. W. from Winchester, on a small ridge of yel- 
 low clayey soil, in a wide vein of 
 
 Crystallized Carbonate oj Lime, in the common limestone of 
 the country; abundant. (Sil. 3.244.) 
 
 Manganese, abundant, 10 or 12 m. E. of the fluor, but not in 
 the same mountain. The fluate of lime above mentioned, 
 occurs in a vein 12 or 15 inches wide, in a soft, calcareous 
 rock which rests on a stratum of Hornstone. The depth 
 and length of this vein is not ascertained. The fluor is pro- 
 miscuously united with crystallized calcareous spar, and is 
 frequently connected with the hornstone. Its colors are 
 white, greenish white, red, violet, and dark blue, approach- 
 ing, when in large masses, near to black. Many well de- 
 fined crystals have been obtained. (Sil. 4.277.) 
 
 Calcareous Spar. A few miles E. of the fluate of lime is an 
 extensive stratum of crystallized carbonate of lime, much 
 of which is remarkably transparent ; it possesses the pro- 
 perty of double refraction, and equals in beauty the Iceland 
 spar. It is found also in detached, water worn, spherical 
 masses, resembling the Scotch pebble ; the outer coat beau- 
 tifully tinged with the oxide of iron. 
 
 Ammonite, cornu ammonis, is found abundantly in the valley 
 in the neighborhood of Winchester. 
 
 Iron Ore, crystallized distinctly, probably octahedral, as the 
 projecting half, (the only part visible,) is a 4 sided pyramid, 
 exists abundantly in the neighborhood of Winchester. (Sil. 
 4.278.) 
 
 ORANGE CO. 
 
 Native Copper, on Lord Fairfax's property. (C.) 
 
VIRGINIA. 207 
 
 PRESTON'S SALT WORKS. 
 Sulphate of Lime, near, in fibrous masses. (C.) 
 
 RANDOLPH CO. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, in aciciilar crystals in quartz. (C.) 
 
 RAPPAHANNOCK 
 
 Gold ; a single lump of gold ore was found near the Falls, 
 yielding 17 dwts. (Morse.) 
 
 RICHMOND. 
 
 Sulphur, at the coal mines, about 14 ra. from Richmond, ia 
 
 Chesterfield Co. ; it rises in fumes through fissures in the 
 
 earth, and is deposited in acicular crystals, at the orifices, 
 
 from which it issues. 
 
 Coal, in beds or strata, on granite, and covered by 
 Clay Slate, which often exhibits vegetable impressions. 
 Charcoal, pure, in the form of sticks or logs, is frequently as- 
 
 sociated with the coal. 
 Sulphuret of Antimony, near. 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, near, sometimes massive and granu- 
 
 lar, and sometimes compact, of a blood red color, and im- 
 
 bedded in milk white quartz, associated with the 
 Ferruginous Oxide of Titanium, which is sometimes com- 
 
 pact, and sometimes granular. (C.) 
 Limpid Quartz, in beautiful pebbles covering the side of the 
 
 hill at the coal pits. 
 Fuller's Earth, at the coal mines. 
 Sulphate of illumine, efflorescing on the rubbish at the coal 
 
 mines. Also 
 Sulphuret of Iron, very abundant in the slate, W. S. W. from 
 
 Richmond, and 3 m. S. of James river. (Sil. 1.125.) 
 
 ROCKBRIDGE CO. 
 
 Limestone, constituting the " Natural bridge," over Cedar 
 
 creek, a branch of the James. 
 Limpid Quartz, perfect and beautiful crystals. (Sil. 1.225.) 
 
 ROCKFISH 
 
 KUUK* l&tt. 
 
 Marble, on the N. side of Jarnes river, at the mouth of the 
 
203 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Rockfish ; of good quality, sometimes white, but generally 
 variegated with red, blue, and purple. (Morse.) 
 
 ROCKFISH GAP. 
 
 Epidote, in the Blue Ridge, so disseminated in greenstone, as 
 to render it porphyritic. (C.) It is frequently associated with 
 quartz, and sometimes imbedded in it. (:il. 1.116.) 
 
 SALTVILLE. 
 
 Gypsum, near, 20 m. N. from Abingdon ; it is quarried, and 
 employed as a manure in the neighboring parts of Virginia 
 and Tennessee. (C.) 
 
 SHANNONDALE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 Sdenite, (C.) in large 6 sided prisms, in the bottom of the 
 springs near the Shenandoah river, near considerable mass- 
 es of Limestone ; the crystals occur in groups which ap- 
 pear to shoot from a matrix of 
 
 Clay, 
 
 Marl, and calcareous earth. (8U. 4.52.J 
 
 SHENANDOAH CO. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, near Woodstock or Millerstown, in small, 
 loose masses, in the fissures of a limestone, containing 
 shells. 
 
 Ferruginous Jirseniate of Copper, incrusting the oxide of man- 
 ganese. 
 
 Brown Oxide of Iron, on the Shenandoah. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, sometimes crystallized, but usually com- 
 pact. (C.) 
 
 SHEPHERDSTOWN. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, on the Potomac, in veins of white limestone 
 traversing blue limestone, colors red and purple. (C.) 
 
 STAFFORD CO. 
 
 Petrified Wood, 4 rn. N. of the court house, on the road from 
 Washington to Fredericksburgh, and 16 m. from the latter, 
 apparently the trunk of a tree, about 8 inches in diame- 
 ter, firmly fixed in the ground, by the side of the road, col- 
 or white. (Sil. 1.2L6.) Woodstone, almost black, has been 
 found in this county. (Sil. 5.256.) 
 
VIRGINIA. 209 
 
 STAUNTON. 
 
 White Marble, very fine resembling the Italian, is said to oc- 
 cur in considerable quantity 15 m. from Staunton. (Sil. 
 1.220.) 
 
 UNION. 
 
 Chromate of Iron, near Union in Loudon Co. (C.) 
 
 WELLS BURG. 
 
 Coal (C.) 
 
 WHEELING. 
 
 Coal. (CO A very productive bed of coal exists in the north- 
 ern extremity of the town ; its thickness is about 6 feet, 
 and it occurs beneath the 
 
 Limestone. (Nuttall.) 
 
 WIER'S CAVE. 
 
 Stalactites, and 
 
 Stalagmites, of great size and beauty ; some of the stalactites 
 are delicately white. This cave is in Rockingham Co., it 
 is 1 1 rn. in extent, from 3 to 40 feet high, from 2 to 30 
 feet wide, and divided into various apartments. 
 
 Arragonite. (C.) 
 
 Blue Limestone. (Sil. 1.65.) 
 
 WINCHESTER. See NORTH MOUNTAIN. 
 
 WOODSTOCK. See SHENANDOAH. 
 
 WTTHE CO. 
 
 Sulphurct of Lead, near New river, in veins traversing lime- 
 stone, and sometimes in a gangue of 
 
 Sulphate ofBarytes. 
 
 Carbonate of Lead, 14m. from the court house, on the banks 
 of New river; it is sometimes massive and coherent, and 
 sometimes disseminated and friable, and is usually yellow- 
 ish, reddish, or blackish, sometimes in groups of white, acic- 
 ular crystals, with galena and other lead ores, but this pre- 
 dominates 5 to 1, over all the others. (C.) 
 
 Earthy Oxide of Lead. (Qlmsted) 
 27 
 
NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Garnets have been found in the interior, as large as a child's 
 head. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, abundant, in the western part of the 
 state. See Lincoln Co. 
 
 Red O:tide of Titanium, in the interior of the state. (C.) 
 
 Fibrous Gypsum, western part of the state. (Sil. 5.264.) 
 
 Common Quartz, scattered with singular profusion, over ma- 
 ny parts of this state. The naked ridges, both of the low- 
 er and upper country, are mostly covered with it in frag- 
 ments, from the size of a man's head to that of a small grain. 
 It frequently surmounts the slate ridges that lie adjacent to 
 the Blue Ridge, where it appears in huge rocks, perfectly 
 white and pure ; and it is associated, in regular strata, with 
 mica slate, making up no inconsiderable part of the Saura 
 Town, and Pilot mountains. 
 
 Clay Slate. A great slate formation crosses this state from 
 N. E. to S. W. passing through the counties of Person, 
 Orange, Chatham. Randolph, the western part of Moore, 
 and Anson, the eastern part of Davidson, Rowan, and Ca- 
 barrus, and covering the whole of the county of Montgom- 
 ery. The varieties of clay slate, and Chlorite Slates are nu- 
 merous, embracing Roofing Slate, Aluminous Slate, blue 
 and purple, and many lighter kinds of argillite, all in per- 
 pendicular strata. Within this formation are also included 
 large beds of Soapstone, Talc, and 
 
 Novaculite, beds of different qualities are very numerous 
 throughout the slate formation. Porphyry, near the novac- 
 ulite, in parellel beds : when first taken from the ground, 
 susceptible of a high polish, and is beautiful, exhibiting a 
 ground of black, purple, or green, speckled with white, shin- 
 ing crystals. It occurs in great abundance, in blocks above, 
 or in continuous beds below the ground. 
 
 Sulphuret of Copper, Pyritous Copper, and 
 Green Carbonate of Copper, and Iron Ores. 
 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, in plates, with intersecting striae on 
 their surfaces, is found in loose pieces on the ground, or ad- 
 
NORTH CAROLINA. 211 
 
 bering to the Quartz which is found every where betray- 
 ing a "strong tendency towards crystallization, or in actual 
 crystals, is scattered over the surface of this region. 
 
 Native Gold. In the southern part of North Carolina, over 
 the foregoing slate formation, lies the deposit of native gold. 
 It is not, however, confined to the slate, but extends be- 
 yond it on the west, where it covers granite and gneiss. It 
 is found in Anson, Cabarrus, and Montgomery Co., chiefly 
 in the small tributaries of the Yadkin and Rocky rivers, and 
 in tiie bed of the latter ; in a horizontal deposit of gravel 
 and clay, in pieces of various sizes from small grains to a 
 mass weighing 28 Ibs. Deposite for the most part covers 
 argillite ; but also extends beyond that formation : depth 
 below the surface, from a few inches to 6 or 7 feet, accord- 
 ing as the ground is elevated or low. The foregoing de- 
 posit covers an area of at least 1.000 square miles, 
 
 Pipe Clay, very common in the low country, in the " Plastic 
 Clay" formation. 
 
 Hepatic Sulphuret of Iron, in cubes, scattered abundantly over 
 the slate country. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, found in small masses, in several parts of 
 the state, but no large bed or vein yet discovered. 
 
 Manganese, very abundant in several parts of North Carolina. 
 (O.) 
 
 ANSON CO. 
 
 Clay Slate. See Clay Slate under North Carolina. 
 
 Native Gold, on Richardson's Creek, a branch of Rocky riv- 
 er. 50 m. from Salisbury. See Native Gold under North 
 Carolina. (O.) 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, abundant. (Sil. 3.3.) 
 
 BUNCOMBE CO. 
 
 Sulphate oj Barytes, in 
 
 Clay Slate. 
 
 Zircon, (C.) The sulphate of barytes is found about 6 m. 
 
 above the springs. 
 Stalactites are found in a cavern of 
 Limestone, which may be penetrated with convenience for 30 
 
 yards, near the Ferry below the springs. 
 Yellow Ochre, in a cave near the above, in large quantity, 
 
 and of good quality. Cobalt, Copper, and Iron, are said, 
 
 to exist in the neighboring mountains, (tiil. 3.117.J 
 
212 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Zirconite is found in considerable quantity, in loose soil, on a 
 small mountain, which appears to be a dependent upon the 
 mountains known by the name of Saluda. It is on the road 
 leading from the Saluda Gap to Ashville, and is the first 
 elevation to the left, after passing Green river. Gneiss and 
 sienite are the principal rocks of this mountain. Among 
 the rocks are also found 
 
 Garnets, in rhomboidal dodecahedrons. 
 
 Sulphur et of Iron , 
 
 Hepatic Sulphuret of Iron, and 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron. (J. A. N. S. P. 3.59.J 
 
 BURKE CO. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, granular, dove colored, and fine grained, 
 suitable for marble, said to be abundant. (0.) 
 
 CABARRUS CO. 
 
 Sulphate oj Barytes, granular, in nodules and veins, in a bed 
 of black manganese, N. E. corner of this Co. 15 m. from 
 Salisbury. 
 
 Fetid Quartz, color black, at the gold mines. 
 
 Native Gold, Reed's mine, on Meadow creek, a small branch 
 of Rocky river, 30 in. from Salisbury. This was the first 
 that was opened. See Native Gold, under North Carolina 
 
 Pyritous Copper, elegant specimens at Reed's gold mine. 
 
 Talc, in a bed accompanied by black manganese, very unc- 
 tious, splits into thin laminae, presenting surfaces which 
 are beautifully variegated with arborizations, hence called 
 by the inhabitants, " the Calico Rocks." N. E. corner of 
 the Co., 15m. from Salisbury. 
 
 Scaly Talc, of a silvery white, is found at the same place. 
 
 Black Oxide of Manganese, mammillary, and compact, a 
 bed in talc, N. E. corner of the Co. 15 m. from Salisbury, 
 commences 8 feet below the surface, has been explored 
 30 feet in depth, extent unknown, soil over the bed im- 
 pregnated with manganese, and of a liver color. 
 
 Ferruginous Oxide oj Manganese accompanies the gold de- 
 posit, lying above it. (0.) 
 
 CHATHAM CO. 
 
 Quartz, almost every variety. (Sil. 5.261.) 
 Petrosilex, and porphyry, and 
 
NORTH CAROLINA. 213 
 
 Clay Slate, and 
 
 Novaculite. See Clay Slate under North Carolina. 
 
 Bituminous Shale, black, greasy, with 
 
 Coal, in a bed, in a great sandstone formation, on Deep river, 
 40 m. S. W. from Chapel hill, at the southern extremity of 
 this Co. quality good, and believed to be abundant. 
 
 Brown Hematite, near Teak creek, abundant. (O.) 
 
 DAVIDSON CO. 
 
 Clay Slate. See North Carolina. 
 
 Soapstone abounds in this Co. and several other parts of the 
 state. (O.) 
 
 FAYETTVILLE. 
 
 Petrified Wood occurs in very numerous fragments, usually 
 
 scattered over sandy plains. (&i/. 5.261.) 
 Potter's Clay. Infusible clays occur here, and in various parts 
 
 of the low country. (O.) 
 
 FORT BARNWELL. See WAYNE CO. 
 GERMANTON. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime-, foliated, pale blue, an extensive bed cross- 
 ing the state ; quarries are opened at Snow creek, 20 m. N. 
 
 Potter's Clay, infusible clays at this place, and in various parts 
 of the low country. See Lincoln Co. 
 
 Coal, in veins in a small tract of secondary, on Dan river, 
 and thence to Germanton, Stokes Co. 
 
 Lignite, in a " Plastic Clay Formation," near, in parallel logs, 
 obeying the direction and inclination of the strata of the 
 country, flattened and ellipsoidal ; sometimes scattered over 
 the ground in fragments. Bituminous and combustible. (O.) 
 
 GRANVILLE CO. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, fine crystals are found in this Co. A regular 
 prismatic crystal from Oxford, exhibited within, a concen- 
 tric crystal of smaller dimentions, but having the prism and 
 pyramid of precisely the same figure. 
 
 Talc, a very fine bed, approaching the characters of French 
 chalk, of a delicate white, or light flesh color, 20 m. from 
 Oxford, on the road to Person court house. (O.) 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
214 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 GREENE CO. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, very abundant, from decomposing pyrites, 
 
 HALIFAX. 
 
 Pipe Clay, near. It is very common in the low country, in 
 the " Plastic Clay Formation." ( O.) 
 
 HILLSBOROUGH. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, lamellar, in a vein of quartz traversing 
 clay slate. The quartz adheres to the sides of the barytes, 
 and shoots long crystals into the mass. This mineral di- 
 vides into tabular fragments, slightly rhomboidal, a figure 
 which it obstinately preserves ; it is eminently pure, and 
 beautiful, of a light sky blue, or of a pearly white color, and 
 a glistening lustre. (O.) (Sil. 5.227.) 
 
 Talc, accompanying Jlrgillite in their curved laminae, with 
 projecting knobs, of a tine flesh color, and considerable lus- 
 tre. (O.) 
 
 Mum hlate, some of the argillites near, appear to be of this 
 kind. (O. in Sil. 5.263.) See Orange Co. 
 
 JOHNSON CO. 
 
 Sulphate oj Iron, from decomposing 
 
 Pyrites, extremely abundant, on the banks of the Neus for 
 
 100 m. particularly in this Co., Waine, Lenoir, and Greene 
 
 (0.) 
 
 LENOIR CO. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, from decomposing pyrites, extremely abun- 
 dant on the banks of the Neus. (O.) 
 
 LINCOLN CO. 
 
 Compact Oxide of Titanium. (Sil. 3.3.) 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, foliated, pale blue, and bluish white color, 
 forms an extensive bed crossing the state. Quarries are 
 opened in Stokes, Surry, and at King's mountain, in this 
 Co. The limestone bed reposes on mica slate. It has 
 been observed only at the lowest levels, as on the banks of 
 creeks and rivers. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in semitransparent rhombs, in the limestone, 
 
 Chalcedony, and 
 
 Cacholong, incrusting 
 
NORTH CAROLINA, 215 
 
 Hornstone, 
 
 Carnelian, 
 
 Jasper, red and yellow, and 
 
 Agate, are found in the vicinity of the limestone, throughout 
 its whole extent. 
 
 Lazulite, not far from Lincolnton. 
 
 Feldspar, Green and pure white, in limestone. 
 
 Fibrous Actynolite, in the limestone. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in numerous inexhaustable beds in 
 the counties east of the Blue Ridge, particnlarly Suny, 
 Stokes, and this Co., extensively manufactured. Numer- 
 ous beds of this ore are found in the vicinity of the lime- 
 stone through its whole extent. 
 
 Black Oxide of Manganese is said to be abundant in this Co. 
 (O.) 
 
 MONTGOMERY CO. 
 
 Petrosilex, composing a magnificent structure at the falls of 
 
 the Yadkin. (Sti. 5.263.) 
 Clay State, covering the whole of this Co. See Clay Slate 
 
 under North Carolina. 
 Native Gold. Parker's mine, on a small tributary of the 
 
 Yadkin, 25 m, from Salisbury, and 5 or 6 m- from the 
 
 Narrows of the Yadkin. See Native Gold under North 
 
 Carolina. (O.) 
 
 NASH CO. 
 
 Pipe Clay, near the court house. It is very common in the 
 low country in the plastic clay formation. 
 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in this Co. and several other pla- 
 ces in the low country. (O.) 
 
 ORANGE CO. 
 
 Lampid Quartz, fine crystals are found in this Co. 
 
 Milky Quartz, in fragments over argillite. 
 
 Tabular Quartz ; the tables an inch square, or larger, meet- 
 ing at different angles, sb as to form cells, and incrusted 
 throughout with minute crystals of quartz. 
 
 Granular Quartz, numerous beds, usually over slate, pure 
 white, sometimes friable; used for course, sharp whet- 
 stones. (0.) 
 
 Hornstone., passing into 
 
216 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Flint, in nodules, often 4 inches in diameter, near Chapel 
 Hill. (SiL 5.264.) 
 
 Petrosilex. Petrosiliceous porphyry, forming a parallel ridge 
 near the novaculite, 6 m. W w from Chapel Hill, colors 
 black, purple, and green, susceptible of a fine polish ; very 
 abundant. 
 
 Soapstone, in the eastern part of this county, 20 m. E. of 
 Hillsborough, extremely elegant ; it is sufficiently hard and 
 compact to take a good polish, and has a soft, white ground 
 variegated with tints of red. (O.) 
 
 Chlorite Slate, and greenstone slate. (8il. 5.263.) 
 
 Clay Slate. See North Carolina. 
 
 Novaculite occurs in numerous beds, of different qualities, 
 throughout the slate formation. The finest specimen is 
 found 7 m. W. of Chapel Hill. It is of an olive green col- 
 or, semi-hard, translucent, and small conchoidal, resembling 
 in external appearance, some varieties of hornstone. The 
 surface, when polised, is frequently clouded, striped, or 
 chequered, so as to be quite ornamental. In short it an- 
 swers to the description of the genuine Turkey oil stone, 
 and is preferred by the carpenters to any hones in the mar- 
 ket. Another oil stone, a little inferior to the above, is 
 found 2 m. from Chapel Hill ; it is more slaty than the for- 
 mer, splits into rhomboidal tables, while the fragments of 
 the other are generally amorphous ; is more splintery, and 
 of a light yellow color, instead of green. In many speci- 
 mens it exhibits, moreover, the finest dendritic delineations. 
 
 Water Hones are more common ; a very fine bed crosses the 
 Salisbury road, 21 m. VV. of Chapel Hill. The beds of 
 Novaculite are in general less slaty, and have their upper 
 ridges more rounded than the argillite, and chlorite in the 
 vicinity. 
 
 Pipe Clay, in several places. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in cubes, exceedingly common in this re- 
 gion. On the Haw river they occur in such abundance, 
 that an individual, it is said, supposing them to be valuable, 
 collected several bushels of them. (O. SiL 5.262.) 
 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, &LC. in quartz, from Hillsborough 
 southward into Chatham, more than 20 m. (SiL 5.261.) 
 
 Ferruginous Oxide of Manganese accompanies the novacu- 
 lite, where it appears near the surface, in thin layers, or in 
 nodular pieces exhibiting mammillary, distinct concretions* 
 (O.) 
 
NORTH CAROLINA. 217 
 
 PERSON CO. 
 
 Soapstone, in large beds, among Jlrgillite, very compact in 
 structure, affording excellent blocks for architectural pur- 
 poses. (O.) 
 
 RALEIGH. See WAKE CO. 
 RANDOLPH CO. 
 
 Talc, fibrous, resembling asbestus, in the southern part of the 
 Co. 
 
 Soapstone, in large beds, among Argillite, very compact in 
 structure, affording excellent blocks for architectural pur- 
 poses 
 
 Native /row, a small mass of about 2 Ibs. was found in the vi- 
 cinity of a bed of 
 
 Argillaceous Iron Ore. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, from decomposing pyrites. (O.) 
 
 ROCKINGHAM CO. 
 
 Talc, with radiated crystals. (Sil. 5 259.J 
 Red Oxide, of Iron, near the river Maho. (0.) 
 
 ROWAN CO. 
 
 Columnar Basalt. Basaltic dykes, (^ee SiL 5.1.) 
 Soapstone abounds in this Co. and several other parts of the 
 
 state. 
 Porcelain Clay, on the sides of Flat swamp mountain, 14 m. 
 
 from Salisbury, soft and unctuous ; abundant. (O.) 
 
 SALISBURY. 
 
 Black Oxide of Manganese, in a bed, crossing the road, 1 m. 
 N. of Salisbury, accompanying granite, of apparently good 
 quality. (O.j 
 
 STOKES CO. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime,, foliated, folia small, and irregular, color, 
 pale blue, and bluish white, forms an extensive bed cross- 
 ing the state. Quarries are opened at Snow creek, 20 m. 
 N. of Germanton ; also 12 m. W. of Salem. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, semitransparent rhombs, in limestone. 
 
 Chalcedony, 
 
 Jasper, red, and yellow, 
 28 
 
218 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 i 
 
 Agate, 
 
 Carnelian, and 
 
 Cacholong, in crusting 
 
 Hornxtone, are found scattered on the surface of the ground 
 
 in the vicinity of the limestone. (O.) 
 Tourmaline, crystallized in mass. (Sil. 5.263.) 
 Feldspar, green and pure white, in the limestone beds. 
 Petuntze, near the limestone, abundant. 
 Fibrous jlctynolite, in the limestone; fine specimens of acic- 
 
 ular actynolite are found on Snow creek, in limestone. (0.) 
 Foliated Talc. (Sil. 5.264.) 
 Steatite. (Sil. 5.259.) 
 Magnesian Clay, 11 m. S. E. of the Pilot mountain, porous 
 
 and meagre, but extremly white, imbedded in 
 Red Clay, near a bed of 
 Iron Ore. 
 Graphite, in a bed of considerable extent, a little E. of the 
 
 Pilot mountain, quality a little inferior to that of Wake Co. 
 
 (O.) 
 
 Magnetic Pyrites, disseminated in limestone. (Sit. 5.262.) 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in numerous and inexhaustable beds, 
 
 in the counties E. of the Blue Ridge, particularly in this 
 
 Co., Surry, and Lincoln ; extensively manufactured. 
 Specular Oxide of Iron, usually adhering to quartz, scattered 
 
 over the slate ridges ; also in the quartz rocks of the Pilot, 
 
 and Saura Town mountains. (0.) 
 
 SURllY CO. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, color, pale blue, and bluish white ; quar- 
 ries are opened 5 m. below the court house, on the Yad- 
 kin. See Lincoln. 
 
 Schorl, in small crystals, forming masses of various sizes, some 
 weighing several hundred pounds. It contains a large pro- 
 portion of the oxide of iron, at the foot of the Blue Ridge. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, in numerous and inexhaustible beds. 
 East of the Blue Ridge, particularly in Surry, Stokes, and 
 Lincoln ; extensively manufactured. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, on Mitchell's river, 10 m. E. of the Blue 
 Ridge, in a lofty precipice of decomposing slate. 
 
 Brown Oxide of Manganese, containing a mixture of mica, 
 found in gneiss, in the northern part of the Co. (0.) 
 
NORTH CAROLINA. 219 
 
 WAKE CO. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, fine crystals are found in this Co. (0.) 
 
 Flint, (hornstone,) associated with compact, earthy limestone. 
 
 Tremolite, in veins in the Plumbago formation. (Sil. 5.260 & 
 5.264.J 
 
 Hornblende, crystallized, in chlorite, same place, and among 
 the serpentine, several handsome crystallized varieties of 
 black and green. 
 
 Jlctynolite, both common and acicular ; also connected with the 
 
 Serpentine, 12 m. N of Raleigh, of a superior quality, being 
 compact, and fine grained, richly colored with different 
 shades of green, and highly porphyritic ; it takes a fine pol- 
 ish. It occurs in large blocks, both above and below the 
 surface. 
 
 Green Talc, 
 
 Indurated Talc, and 
 
 Scaly Talc, with serpentine. 
 
 Steatite, green colored and beautiful, accompanied by green 
 scales of talc, in the preceding serpentine formation. (O.) 
 
 Chlorite, interspersed with crystals of hornblende ; abundant. 
 (SU. 5.260.) 
 
 Graphite, in parallel beds, in breadth from a few inches to 12 
 feet, in mica slate ; width of the formation, so far as ob- 
 served, li m., direction near N. and S. nearest bed, 2 
 m. W. of Raleigh. The plumbago is sometimes mixed with 
 the micaceous rock, but frequently obtained pure in large 
 slabs, sometimes traversed by small veins of scaly talc. (O.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in crystals, and in small veins in mica- 
 ceous, or talcose slate. (Sil. 5.259.) 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand, on the surface of the ground in great 
 abundance about the serpentine. (O.) 
 
 WAYNE CO. 
 
 Marly Limestone is found in numerous parts of the low coun- 
 try. Thirty m. from the coast, it forms an extensive bed, 
 where it appears of a light grey color, and close texture, 
 containing a few shells. It is burnt for lime at Wilmington, 
 but the lime is said to be of an inferior quality. More re- 
 mote from the coast, at Fort Barnwell, and Waynesbor- 
 ough, a coarse shell marl is found, of a porous texture, and 
 full of organic remains. (O.) 
 
220 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Petrified Wood, on the banks of the Neuse. In many parts of 
 its course, the banks of the Neus are strewed with pieces. 
 (Sti. 5.261.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, imbedded in an earth that is full of coppe- 
 ras, on the banks of the Neus, near Waynesborongh. It 
 effloresces on its surface, and is manufactured by the inhabi- 
 tants for use. This pyrites also decomposes on the surface 
 of the ground, and forms copperas. (Sil. 5.262.) 
 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, from decomposing pyrites, on the banks of 
 the Neus, extremely abundant, for 100 m., particularly in 
 the counties of Wayne, Johnston, Lenoir, and Greene. (O.) 
 
 WILMINGTON. See WAYNE CO. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Native Gold is said to have been found on the Catawba 
 Sulphur et of Jiolybdena. (C.) 
 
 BROAD RIVER. 
 
 Marble, fine grained, greyish white, abundant on the waters 
 of Broad river. (Sil. 4.53.) 
 
 * 
 
 CHESTER DISTRICT. 
 
 Iron Ore, on the Catawba, at Handsford, a quarry is opened 
 on the estate of Geu. Davie. (Sil. 3.3.J 
 
 COLUMBIA. 
 
 Geodes of sandstone, filled with ochres of various colors, are 
 frequently met with in this vicinity. (Sil. 3.2.) 
 
 Jlugite, two parellel black veins occur in a mass of granite, 
 near the S. E. boundary of Columbia, by the side of Rocky 
 Branch, which empties into the Congaree, just below Dr. 
 Fisher's mill dam. These veins lie near to each other, of 
 from 1 to 2 inches in thickness, nearly vertical, and of an 
 
SOUTH CAROLINA. 221 
 
 unknown length and depth, and appear to be almost entire- 
 ly composed of pyroxene. 
 
 Hemitrope t or Made, exists in these veins. (J. *#. JV. S. P. 
 3.146.) 
 
 EUTAW SPRINGS. 
 
 Shell Limestone, Calcaire Ostree, a stratum of shells, in some 
 situations united by a scanty calcareous cement, composed 
 chiefly of a large species of ostrea, commences at these 
 springs, near Santee river, passes to Orangeburgh, and 
 crosses the Savannah river 15 m. below Augusta, occasion- 
 ally disappearing under the sand. It then may be traced 
 to Burke Co., Georgia, crosses the Ogeechee, near Louis- 
 ville ; then near Sandersville, passing through Wilkinson 
 Co.; it is then found in St. Marks, in Florida, where the 
 tower and fort are built of it. The basis of the land, form- 
 ing the N. E. boundary of the Sea of Mexico, is composed 
 of it ; from thence to Alachua plains, crossing the Apa- 
 lachicola, and preceding in a N. W. direction across the 
 head of the Choctaw creek ; it meets the Alabama river near 
 Cahawba, where this formation expands and forms a basin 
 100 m. square, composing the counties of Mongomery, Dal- 
 las, Wilcocks, Greene, Marengo, and part of Washington, 
 in Alabama It then passes N.-W. by Demopolis, to the 
 Chickasaw country, where it terminates near the Bluffs, 
 extending 600 m. in length, from 10 to 100 m. in width, 
 and probably 300 feet in thickness. In some parts it pre- 
 sents immense banks of loose shells, 10 or 15 m. in length, 
 without the mixture of any foreign substance. In some sit- 
 uations it contains large quantities of 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, Iron Pyrites. (Sil. 7.39 to 41.) 
 
 GREENVILLE DISTRICT. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, crystals are found in this district. (C.) 
 
 Antimony, and 
 
 Carburet of Iron, have been observed here. (SiL 3.3.) 
 
 LAURENS DISTRICT. 
 
 Corundum, a 6 sided prism was found, near a rivulet, 1 or 2 
 m. from the court house. (C.) 
 
222 GEORGIA. 
 
 NEWBURY DISTRICT. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, in alluvial soil, perfect crystals. (C.) 
 Sulphuret of Iron, fine specimens are found; also 
 Mica, in wide plates, and 
 Pitchstone, are frequently met with. (Sil. 3.3.J 
 
 PENDLETON DISTRICT. 
 
 Limpid Quarts, in the northern parts of the district. 
 
 Native Magnet. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium. (C.) 
 
 Antimony, and 
 
 Carburet of Iron, have been observed here. (Sil. 3.3.) 
 
 SPARTANBURG DISTRICT. 
 
 Limestone, and colored 
 
 Marble. A quarry is opened on Col. Nesbit's land. 
 Limpid Quarts, in amorphous pieces, on John Crawford's 
 plantation, and elsewhere. 
 
 UNION DISTRICT. 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium. 
 Ferruginous Oxide of Titanium. (C.) 
 
 YORK DISTRICT. 
 
 Iron Ore. Extensive iron works are richly supplied on the spot 
 with this ore. (Sil. 3.3.) 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Agate, in a matrix of 
 Limestone, approaching chalk. 
 
 AUGUSTA. 
 
 Kaolin, about 30 m. N. W. from Augusta, resembling the ka- 
 olin of Limoges, except that its siliceous particles are much 
 finer, and scarcely visible ; its colors white and red. (C.) 
 
GEORGIA. 223 
 
 Siliceous Sinter is said to exist in 
 
 Buhrstone, which is found in the northeastern part of the state, 
 on Briar's creek, sometimes irregularly mixed with shell 
 limestone. (C.) 
 
 Hyalite, in the buhrstone, in mamrnillary concretions. (Hall.) 
 
 Agate, 2 or 3 m. from the road leading from Savannah to Au- 
 gusta, forming a solid mass across Briar's creek, which passes 
 through Milhaven, and empties into the Savannah, on which 
 is built a mill dam. Below the dam, in cutting the race 
 way, numerous hollow balls were found, filled with a milky 
 fluid. (Sil. 8.285.) 
 
 BURKE CO. 
 
 Buhrstone, a range of petrified marine shells, from which mill- 
 stones are obtained, commences at Shell Bluff, and extends 
 southwesterly through the state. (C.) 
 
 OCONEE RIVER. 
 
 Yellow Ochre, very beautiful, on the waters of the Oconee. 
 (Sil. 4.53.) 
 
 RACOON MOUNTAIN. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash, at Nicojack, J a m. from the S. bank of 
 Tennessee river, in a cavern, the entrance to which is 50 
 feet high, and 160 feet wide. One bushel of earth from this 
 cavern, containing the nitrate, both of potash and lime, 
 yields from 3 to 10 Ibs. of crude nitre. (C.) This cave is 
 situated in the Cherokee country. It forms a walled and 
 vaulted passage for a river 6 feet deep, and 60 wide, 20 m. 
 S. W. of the Look-Out mountain. 
 
 Limestone, in immense horizontal layers forming a precipice, 
 in which the cave commences. (Sil. 1.320.) 
 
 SCR1VEN CO. 
 
 Buhrstone, considerable quantities, it is said, of this substance 
 have been obtained for mill stones, 20 or 30 m. S. from 
 Mill Haven. (C.) 
 
 SHELL BLUFF. See BURKE CO. 
 WASHINGTON CO. 
 
 Yellow Ochre, 12 m. from Miiledgeville, forming a large hill, 
 of fine quality. (Morse.) 
 
224 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 APALACHICOLA. 
 
 Limestone, and 
 
 Iron Ore, are found on the banks of this river. (Morse.) 
 
 ESCAMBIA BAY. 
 
 Potter's Clay, 7 m. above Pensacola, in a plastic clay forma- 
 tion. Clay abounds in Florida. (SiL 7.37.) 
 
 ST. MARKS. 
 
 Shell Limestone, composed entirely of shells, cemented to- 
 gether ; the tower and fort at this place are built of this 
 stone. (Sil. 7.41.; See Eutaw springs, S. C. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 DALLAS CO. 
 
 Shell Limestone, composed entirely of shells. (SiL 7.41 ) 
 
 GREENE CO. 
 
 Shell Limestone, composed of oyster shells cemented. (SiL 
 7.41) 
 
 HUNTSVILLE. 
 
 Buhrstone. (SiL 7.39.; 
 
 MARENGO CO. 
 
 Shell Limestone, composed of oyster shells cemented. (SiL 
 7.41.; 
 
 MOBILE BAY. 
 
 Potters 1 Clay in a plastic clay formation. (SiL 7.37.; 
 
MISSISSIPPI. 225 
 
 MONTGOMERY CO. 
 
 Shell Limestone in abundance. (Sil. 7.41.) 
 
 WASHINGTON CO. 
 
 Shell Limestone in abundance. (S*7. 7.41.) See Eutaw 
 Springs, South Carolina. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 Amethyst, one crystal was found in this state. (Sil. 1.325.) 
 
 CHICASAW BLUFFS. 
 
 Potter's Clay, in a " Plastic clay formation." (Sil. 7.37.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in small quantities. (Sil. 1.325.) 
 
 Sulphurei of Lead, in small quantities (Sil. 1.325.) 
 
 NATCHLZ. 
 
 Petrified Wood. An excessive drought, in the summer and 
 autumn of 1800, displayed to view a flat of more than 1(;0 
 paces wide, along the bottom of the usual bank of the Missis- 
 sippi river, near Natchez, at low water, which probably was 
 never visible, at least for ages, to human eyes. On this flat 
 were to be seen trunks of trees in a complete state of petri- 
 faction, bearing no marks of timber, except the form, and dif- 
 ferent colors of white and red wood, both of which are much 
 changed. Also on the same flat or bottom lie thousands of 
 bodies, which have the appearance of stone, of all sizes, 
 from the bulk of walnuts to that of large pots. Many of the 
 large ones are broken ; they have the appearance of frag- 
 ments of pots, and seem to be rich 
 
 Iron Ore. A stroke of the hammer will break them to pie- 
 ces like an earthen vessel. They incline to a globular. 
 29 
 
226 TENNESSEE. 
 
 form, with some flats on their surfaces, and within each is 
 a nucleus of a white, marly substance, about the consisten- 
 cy, when dry, of chalk. The mass above the plain is of a 
 substance between hard clay and stone, mixed with gravel 
 and strongly impregnated with the 
 
 Sulphate of Iron. (J. Hall, D. D.) 
 
 Potter's Clayt in a Plastic Clay formation. (Sti. 7.37.) 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 Meteoric Native Iron, a mass weighing upwards of 3000 Ibs. 
 at present in the museum of the Literary and Philosophical 
 Society of New York, was found near the Red River, 400 
 m. above Natchitoches, or more. Other masses were left 
 in the vicinity. (C.) (Sil. 3.45, & 8.218.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Antimony. (Bruce, 125.) 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash is found in calcareous caverns in this state. 
 Compact Limestone, eastern part of the state, imbedding 
 Hornstone, in globular masses. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, manufactories of copperas are established in 
 this state. (C.) 
 
 CUMBERLAND MOUNTAIN. 
 
 Coal is said to exist in immense quantities in this mountain. 
 (Sil. 1.63.) 
 
 Nitrate of Potash. The numerous caves found in this moun- 
 tain and other parts of Tennessee, have been very produc- 
 tive of the nitrate of potash. (Sil. 1.65.) See Warren Co. 
 
TENNESSEE. 22? 
 
 ELK RIVER. 
 
 Compact Rid Oxide of [ron, on this river, very hard and 
 compact. (C.) 
 
 GRANGER CO. 
 
 Sulphuret ofLead,on land belonging to Gen. Cocke. (SiL 1.63.) 
 
 KNOXV1LLE. 
 
 Coal, near. (C.) A bed, of excellent quality, is wrought 
 
 near. (SiL 1.63,) 
 Grey Limestone occurs in immense quantities in this vicinity. 
 
 Its appearance is that of some variegated marbles ; white 
 
 veins penetrate it, and wind through it in every direction. 
 
 {SiL 1.220.) 
 
 NASHVILLE. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, near ; (C.) on the plantation of the Rev. 
 
 Mr. Craighead, it exists very near the surface. (Sil 1.63.) 
 Sulphate of Barytes with galena 6 m. N. in the channel of a 
 
 little creek, commonly dry, also 
 flgatized, petrifactions, siliceous and calcareous, many of them 
 
 are found also upon the highest lands, on the plantation of 
 
 Mr. Craighead. (SiL 5.269.) 
 
 OVERTON CO. 
 
 Gypsum, near Cumberland River. (C.) 
 
 SEVIER CO. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes. (C.) 
 
 SMITH CO. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, in white or purple cubes, which are some- 
 
 times truncated, or bevelled on the edges. (C.) Some of 
 the crystals are yellow and filled with brilliant 
 Pyrites, (SiL 4.51.) 
 
 WARREN CO. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, in considerable quantities, (C.) in its native 
 pure state, together with 
 
 Native Plumose Jllum^ in a cave, in Cumberland Mountain. 
 These beds of pure native copperas, or pure native alum, 
 are always either in natural caves, or under the brow of a 
 bluff, where they are sheltered from heavy rains, or torrents 
 of water. (Bruce, 265.J See Cumberland Mountain. 
 
228 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash, is furnished in large quantities from calca- 
 reous caverns, which abound in this state. See Madison Co. 
 
 Native Nitre, constituting what is here called rock ore. which 
 is a sandstone richly impregnated with nitre, at the head 
 of narrow vallies, which traverse the sides of steep hills, 
 resting, on calcareous strata, sometimes presenting a front of 
 60 to 100 feet high one bushel of this sandstone yields 
 from JO to 20lbs. of nitrate of potash. Large masses of 
 nitre, nearly pure, are sometimes found in the fissures of 
 this sandstone, and among detached fragments. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in rhombic crystals, equal to the Iceland 
 spar. 
 
 Nitrate of Lime, in calcareous caverns, with nitrate of potash. 
 
 Native Murcury, in small globules in a mass, which also ap- 
 pears to contain some native amalgam. (C.) 
 
 ALLEN CO. See SCOTTSVILLE. 
 BIG SANDY RIVER. 
 
 Ox'Je of Manganese, near ; (C.) near Greenupsburg, on Big 
 Sandy River. (Sch.) See Sandy River. 
 
 CALDWELL CO. 
 
 Native Iron, malleable, near Eddyville. (T. A. Greene.) 
 
 CLARKE CO. 
 
 Compact Marble, handsome ; colors, yellow, smoke, and ash 
 grey, considerably variegated by darker clouds. (Sit. 3.234.J 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (Sch.) 
 
 GOOSE CREEK. 
 
 Muriate of Soda ; a salt spring wrought on this creek, has 
 been very productive, (toil. 1.66.J 
 
KENTUCKY. 
 
 GREENSBURG, 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, near. (C.) 
 
 GREENUP CO. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese is said to exist in this county. (SU. 
 2.374.; 
 
 HENDERSON CO. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash, in a cavern, which is said to be very ex- 
 tensive. (C.) 
 
 JESSAMINE CO. 
 
 Marble, compact, very handsome ; colors yellow, smoke, and 
 ash grey, considerably variegated by darker clouds. (SiL 
 3.234.) 
 
 LEXINGTON. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, near, in opaque, milk white stalactites, 
 or cones, attached to a base of the same substance, in 
 
 Limestone. 
 
 Carbonate of Barytes is said to have been discovered in large 
 quantities, near. (C.) 
 
 LICKING RIVER. 
 
 Hydrogen Gas, issuing in a stream, about equal in volume 
 and force to the blast of a common smith's bellows, without 
 cessation, from the bottom of a spring which breaks out at 
 the foot of a hill, forming a basin of water about 6 feet in 
 diameter, and 2 feet deep, situated on one of the principal 
 forks of Licking river, about f of a rn. from the banks of 
 the river, and about 80 m. above its junction with the Ohio, 
 opposite Cincinnati. This gas burns with great brilliancy;, 
 it is probably carburetted hydrogen. (Sch.) 
 
 Native Nitrate of Potash. Masses of pure white, have been 
 found on this river, in the crevices, or between fragments of 
 sand rock, which is saturated with it. (Bruce, 108.) 
 
 LOUISVILLE. 
 
 Sulphate oj Magnesia, beautifully crystallized, in a cave in 
 Indiana, not very far from Louisville, so abundant as to be 
 carried away by the wagon load. (SiL 1.49.) See Cory- 
 don, Indiana. 
 
 Limestone. The ledge, composing the Falls of the Ohio is 
 nearly as horizontal as a floor, and filled with the reliquiae 
 
230 KENTUCKY. 
 
 of terebratulites, caryophillites, corallines, 'encrinites, &c. 
 
 It also contains an unusual portion of 
 Sulphur et of Iron, and illinitions of 
 Sulphur el of Zinc. 
 Petrified Wood, near the island which divides the cataract, m 
 
 considerable quantity. (Nuttall, 36.) 
 
 MADISON CO. 
 
 J\itrate of Potash, in a cavern, on Crooked Creek, about 60 m. 
 S. E. from Lexington. This cavern extends entirely- 
 through a hill, and affords a convenient passage for horses 
 and wagons. Its length is about 646 yards; breadth gen- 
 erally about 40 feet, and its average height about 10 feet. 
 One bushel of the earth in this cavern yields from i to 2 
 Ibs. of nitre. (C.) 
 
 Nitrate of Lime, in the earth with nitrate of potash, in the 
 above great cave. Scott's Cave, 2 m. distant from the great 
 cave is more productive in nitre. It is obtained also from 
 Davis' Cave, 6 m. distant, and from 2 other caves within I 
 m. of the great cave, and from a cave on Rough Creek, a 
 branch of Green River. (Bruce, 101J 
 
 MAYSVILLE. 
 
 Coal (C.) 
 
 MILLERSBURG. 
 
 Sulphur et of Lead, in 
 Limestone. (C,) 
 
 SANDY RIVER. 
 
 Muriate of Soda, in salt springs which are found on Big, and 
 Little Sandy Rivers. These springs afford a strong brine. 
 (C.) 
 
 SCOTTSVILLE. 
 
 Petroleum, 5 m. from Scottsville, on a spring of water ; it is 
 sufficiently liquid to burn in a lamp, is collected in consid- 
 erable quantities, and sells at 25 cents a gallon. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in cubic and octahedral crystals, beautiful 
 and well defined, so extremely minute as to resemble pow- 
 dered fragments, or brass filings, without a lens. (C.) 
 
 WARREN CO. 
 
 -Sulphate of Magnesia, on the S. bank of Green River, in the 
 Mammoth cave. ( C.) 
 
OHIO. 231 
 
 WOODWARD CO. 
 
 Marbk t compact, handsome, colors yellow, smoke, and ash 
 
 trey ; considerably variegated by darker clouds. (SiL 
 .234.) 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Alum occurs in several counties, where it i* employed for do- 
 mestic purposes. 
 
 Carburetted Hydrogen gas often issues from fissures in shale, 
 or secondary argillite. When the auger, in boring for salt 
 wells, enters one of these fissures, water and earth ara 
 sometimes thrown up above the surface. These apertures 
 sometimes continue to blow, as it is called, for several days, 
 and in some cases the tubes in the well are compressed, or 
 filled up. 
 
 Coed, in different parts of the state. In some cases, three suc- 
 cessive beds of coal are found, separated from each other by 
 
 Clay Slate, or 
 
 Shale, bearing vegetable impressions. See Gallipolis and 
 Zanesville. 
 
 Peat exists abundantly in this state. 
 
 Sulphuret of Mercury, in the soil in the form of a black sand, 
 and red sand, but is usually more abundant in banks of fine 
 ferruginous clay. See Erie Lake, and Michigan. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, Cellular Pyrites, occurs in globular masses, 
 nearly brass yellow, varying from the size of a pea to sev- 
 eral inches in diameter, and generally in clay. 
 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, in several parts of the state. It 
 sometimes passes into the 
 
 Compact Brown Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Native Bismuth is said to have been observed in small quan- 
 tities in this state. (0.) 
 
 ATHENS CO. 
 
 Chalcedony. (C.) 
 
 Green Carbonate of Copper is said to occur in great abundance 
 
 in the 
 Flint beds. (Sil. 3.245.J 
 
232 OHIO. 
 
 AU GLAIZE RIVER. 
 
 Native Lead. In the bed of this river, near its mouth, a mass 
 of crystallized galena was found, weighing 13 Ibs., contain- 
 ing native lead in slips, or slender, prismatic masses. (C.) 
 (Sil. 1.433, &2.171.) 
 
 BELMONT CO. 
 
 Muriate of Soda, salines or licks are found in many places. 
 Alum, exuding from the rocks in many places, sufficiently 
 
 pure, and in quantities sufficient for several families who 
 
 collect and use it in dying. 
 Limestone, hard, and of the best quality, is found in detached 
 
 fragments in the sides of hills, and in strata, in abundance 
 
 along the beds of streams. 
 Potter's Clay, in several places is found the best of clay for 
 
 bricks. 
 Sulphur ; several sulphur and chalibeate springs exist in this 
 
 Co. and some of them throw out considerable quantities of 
 Petroleum. 
 Coal. Fossil coal is every where found under the hills, of the 
 
 very best quality, and in sufficient quantity for fuel for ma^ 
 
 ny future generations. 
 
 Iron Ore, variously combined, is recognized in many places. 
 Sulphate of Iron exudes in many places, sufficiently pure, and 
 
 in quantity sufficient for several families who collect ahd 
 
 use it in dying. (Sil. 1.227.J 
 
 BUSH CREEK. 
 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, on this creek, from which the 
 .foundry at Cincinnati is supplied. (&ch.) 
 
 ELLSWORTH. See TRUJIBULL CO. 
 ERIE LAKE. 
 
 jSulphuret of Mercury occurs abundantly on the shores of De- 
 troit river, Lake St. Clair, Huron, and Michigan, in Michi- 
 gan, and Lake Erie to the mouth of Vermillion river, in this 
 state. It occurs in the soil in the form of a black and red 
 sand, but is usually more abundant in the banks of fine fer- 
 ruginous clay. Near the mouth of Vermillion river, it is in 
 the form of a very fine, red powder, or in grains and small 
 masses, disseminated in clay. It yields, by distillation, 
 about 60 per cent, of Mercury. 
 
OHIO. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand, on the shore of Lake Erie, near the riv- 
 er Ashtabula. (C.) 
 
 FORT MEIGS. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, on the Maumee, 3 m. below Fort Meigs, 
 in irregularly crystallized masses, Berlin blue, or white, of 
 different shades. (C.) 
 
 GALLIPOLIS. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash, 2 m. from Gallipolis, and in various other 
 parts of the state. The nitre is obtained from earths, found 
 in sheltered places, which are formed by the projecting of 
 large masses of sandstone ; sometimes also it occurs in 
 masses of considerable size. 
 
 Coal, in different parts of the state ; from this to the Falls of 
 the Ohio, it costs about 10 cents a bushel. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, near, on the N. side of the Ohio river, be- 
 tween Indian Wheeling and Campaign Creek. (C.) A bed 
 of coal is worked on the bank of the river, some distance 
 above the base of a high cliff, and overlaid by a massive, 
 micaceous sandstone, constituting the main body of the hill, 
 and as usual, horizontally stratified ; beneath the coal ap- 
 peared a laminated 
 
 Limestone. (Nuttall, 24.) 
 
 HOCKHOCKING RIVER. 
 
 Muriate of Soda, in springs, on the banks of this river. 
 Calamine is said to occur in white plates or laminae, between 
 
 strata of 
 Compact Limestone, near the falls of the Hockhocking. (C.) 
 
 HOCKING CO. 
 
 Chalcedony. 
 
 Flint, in alluvial beds, and sometimes connected with 
 
 Limestone. 
 
 Hornstone, associated with other siliceous minerals. (C.) 
 
 HURON CO. 
 
 Fluate of Lime , black, with a resinous lustre ; by transmitted 
 light it appears of a topaz yellow, or like smoky quartz ; in 
 the cavities, the crystals are white and transparent. (Sil. 
 5.255.) 
 
 30 
 
234 OHIO. 
 
 JACKSON. 
 
 Muriate of Soda, on the Sciota ; in Jackson are salt wells 
 300 feet deep ; the brine is weak, requiring 213 gallons to 
 a bushel. (C.) 
 
 LAKE ERIE. See ERIE LAKE. 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 Petroleum. A salt well, while boring, yielded about half a 
 barrel of petroleum daily. (C.) 
 
 MARIETTA. 
 
 Selenite, near. (C.) 
 
 MEDINA CO. 
 
 Petroleum, in the north part of the county, on Duck Creek. 
 (C.) 
 
 MONROE CO. 
 
 Petroleum, about 30 m. from Marietta, and in various, other 
 parts of the state. (C.) 
 
 MUSKINGUM CO. 
 
 Coal. Common stone coal, highly bituminous, is found 
 abundantly. (Sil. 1.239.) See Zanesvilfe. 
 
 PERRY CO. 
 
 Chalcedony, 
 
 Flint, sometimes in alluvial beds, and sometimes connected 
 
 with 
 
 L/imestone. 
 Hornstone, associated with other siliceous minerals. (C.) 
 
 POLAND. See TRUMBULL CO. 
 
 PRESQJJE ISLE. See WOOD CO. 
 
 ROCHE DE BOUT. See WOOD CO. 
 
 SANDUSKY BAY. 
 
 nowy Gypsum is found m a large body on the shore of the 
 N. side oC Sandusky Bay, in extremely delicate crystalline 
 
OHIO. 235 
 
 scales, so minute as scarcely to be discernible by the naked 
 eye color, pure white, with here and there a slight tinge of 
 grey ; it might be wrought as an alabaster, and is more 
 beautiful than any thing which has been produced in this 
 country. (Sil. 5.39.) It forms a continuous, horizontal stra- 
 tum, from the flat shore of the lake, near the light tiouse in- 
 to the bed of Lake Erie. (Sil. 7.48.) 
 Quartz, perfectly milk white, Sandusky Bay. (Sil. 5.39.) 
 
 SCIOTA RIVER. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. Salt springs are found on the banks of the 
 Sciota. 
 
 Selenite occurs in alluvial deposit, on the banks of the Sciota. 
 
 Jasper is found on the banks of the Sc'.ola. (C.) The prin- 
 cipal works for the manufacture of salt in this state are seat- 
 ed on the Seweetly, and Sciota rivers. (Sch.) 
 
 STEUBENVILLE. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron is found in 
 
 Clay Slate, or 
 
 Shale, belonging to the coal formation. Manufactories of the 
 
 Sulphate of Iron are established here. (C.) 
 
 TRUMBULL CO. 
 
 Selenite, at Poland, in fine crystals, resembling those from 
 
 Oxford, E.ig. (C.) 
 Crystallized Gypsum has been found in Ellsworth, in perfect, 
 
 rhotnboidal crystals. (Sil. 4.51.) 
 Sulphuret oj Iron, having every appearance of a petrifaction 
 
 of the body and limbs of a frog. (SU. 5.255.) 
 
 WOOD CO. 
 
 Sulphate of Strontian, on Ptesque Isle, on the Maumee river, 
 about 40 m. S. of the noted locality of this mineral upon 
 " Strontian Island." It is the site of Wayne's celebrated 
 victory over the confederated Indians, in 1794 The Mau- 
 mee river here washes a rocky shore, surmounted by a 
 grove ot oaks, with an extensive prairie back of it. The 
 crystals of strontian are plentifully imbedded in the rocky 
 bank of the river, which is a 
 
 Compact Limestone, similar in its characters to that which 
 
236 OHIO. 
 
 pervades the shores of Lake Erie. Some of these crystals 
 of strontian contain other crystals of 
 
 Calcareous Spar, imbedded. Calcareous spar is found abun- 
 dantly at Roche de Bout, on the Maumee river, imbedded 
 in limestone, exhibiting its most common forms of crystal- 
 lization, and frequently in perfect dodecahedrons of a light 
 yellow hue. (8iL 7.46, & 47.) 
 
 ZANESVILLE. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. There is a salt well 8 m. below Zanesville, 
 on the Muskingum, 213 feet deep, and furnishes 80 bush- 
 els of salt daily ; 95 gallons of brine yield a bushel, which 
 sells at $1.50. 
 
 Aluminous Slate, 1 m. W. from Zanesville, in beds from a few- 
 inches to 3 feet thick, in horizontal strata, sometimes be- 
 tween strata of sandstone, but generally over 
 
 Shale. 
 
 Poiter^s Clay, near, color white, with a tinge of blue. 
 
 Coal, near, in sandstone, in which are found fossil fish, and 
 trees, converted into sandstone. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, near, on the Muskingum, from which is 
 manufactured the 
 
 Sulphate of Iron. 
 
 Ochrey Red Oxide of Iron occurs between this and Wheeling, 
 in beds of ferruginous sandstone. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead occurs on the S. side of Licking Creek, 
 between this and Newark. 
 
 Sulphuret of Antimony, near. (C.) 
 
 Argillaceous Oiide of Iron is the principal ore wrought in 
 this place (Sch.) 
 
 Bituminous Shale, a stratum 2 or 3 feet thick, full of indis- 
 tinct impressions. 
 
 Carbonized Wood, in sandstone ; also 
 
 Petrified trunks, and branches of trees are often found, the 
 bark generally changed to stone coal, in the bed of the Mus- 
 kingum. (Sil. 3.5.) 
 
 Alum-stone is frequently found 1, 2, and 3 feet in thickness, 
 remarkably rich, in great abundance, and in many places 
 immediately above the shale. (Sil. 3.245.) 
 
237 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. 
 
 Native Bismuth is said to have been observed in small quan- 
 tities. 
 
 Sulphuret of Antimony. (C.) 
 
 Limestone, blue and grey, and their various mingled and in- 
 termediate shades, much of which contains shells, sand- 
 stone of various shades of grey and brown, and 
 
 Clay Slate, constitute the rocks of this state. (Sil. 1.131.) 
 
 Hock Crystal, 
 
 Chalcedony, and 
 
 Agate, are often found in the beds of rivulets. (Sil. 1.132.) 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, crystallized, is sometimes found ; and ma- 
 ny of the caves afford fine 
 
 Stalartites. 
 
 Petrifactions are very common. 
 
 Sulphur, many of the springs are strongly impregnated with it. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen, some of the springs are saturated with 
 this gas. 
 
 Clay, many varieties. 
 
 Ochres, Iron Ore, 
 
 Gypsum, Alabaster, 
 
 Muriate of Soda, very common, and 
 
 Antimony. (Sil. 1.133.) 
 
 CORYDON. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia, near, in a very large cavern in Lime- 
 stone, where it occurs crystallized, in delicate, shining,, 
 white prisms, forming a stratum on the bottom several inch- 
 es deep; or appears in masses, sometimes weighing 10 Ibs. 
 or is disseminated in the earth of the cavern, 1 bushel of 
 which yields from 4 to 25 Ibs. of this sulphate. It also ap- 
 pears on the walls of the cavern ; and if removed, acicular 
 crystals again appear in a few weeks. The same cavern 
 contains 
 
 Sulphate of Lime, and 
 
 Nitrate of Lime, and 
 
 Nitrate of Magnesia. (C.) 
 
S3S INDIANA. 
 
 LEATHER-WOOD CREEK. 
 
 Chalcedony, on the bottom of the Creek, in spheroidal masses, 
 
 sometimes of the size of a large melon, forming geodes, 
 
 whose interior presents 
 Crystals of Quarts, 
 
 Amethyst, &c. or globular chalcedony. 
 Jlgates, on the bottom of the Creek, in geodes, sometimes of 
 
 great beauty. (C.) 
 Rock Crystal, agate, chalcedony, &ic. are found covering the 
 
 bottom of this Creek. (Sil. J.I 32.; 
 
 RACOON CREEK. 
 
 Buhrstone covers an area of from 10 to 15 acres square. This 
 Creek is noted throughout the western country, for the 
 millstones procured on its banks. (Sch.) 
 
 SAND CREEK. 
 
 Buhrstone, on this Creek, 60 m. from White river., occurs 
 abundantly. (C.) Practical millers, who have examined this 
 buhrstone, have pronounced it equal, if not superior, to the 
 French burrs. The locality is 20 acres in extent, and ap- 
 pears to be inexhaustible. These millstones may be carri- 
 ed down the White, Wabash, Ohio, and Mississippi rivers, 
 to New Orleans, with great facility. (Sil. 1.132.J 
 
 WABASH RIVER. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. Salt springs are found on the banks. (C.) 
 Calcareous Spar, massive and translucent, of a honey yellow 
 color, forming the cement of a beautiful variety of pudding- 
 stone, occurs on the right bank of the Wabash, 5 leagues 
 above the junction of the Tippecanoe river. 
 Calcareous Tufa, on the left bank of the Wabash, directly op- 
 posite the preceding, forming a long line of precipitous 
 cliffs, fronting the river, and covered with forest trees of a 
 small and recent growth. (Sil. 7.47.J 
 
259 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 DETROIT RIVER. 
 
 Sulphate of Strontian, on Grose Island, in Detroit river, where 
 it exists both in foliated masses and crystals ; color varies 
 frotu while, to dark bluish white. (C.) 
 
 Compact Limestone forms the bed, or gangne of the strontian, 
 which lines some of its cavities. (Sil. 5.40.) 
 
 SuJphuret of Mercury occurs in the form of a black sand, and 
 red sand, on the shores ot Lakes Michigan, Huron, St.Clair, 
 Detroit river, and around the whole shore of the western end 
 of Lake Erie, to the V r ermilion river, in great abundance. 
 (C.) The whole body of the soil is interspersed with this sand 
 through the whole of this extensive district of country. But 
 generally it is more abundant in banks of fine ferruginous 
 clay, it is easily collected, and yields, by distillation, 
 about GO per cent, of mercury. (&il. 1.433, & 2.170.J 
 
 GOOSE ISLAND. 
 
 Fibrous Gypsum. This island is 9 m from Michilimackinac, 
 in Lake Huron, on the rout to the Sault of St. Mary. The 
 gypsum is imbedded in a kind of loomy clay, which forms 
 a flat on the S E. end of the island ; the masses are de- 
 tached, it is associated with a granular variety, imbedding, 
 small crystals of brown, or yellowish brown, foliated gyp- 
 sum, variously grouped. (Sil. 7.47.J 
 
 GRAND RIVER. 
 
 Gypsum, on this river. (C.) 
 
 HURON LAKE. 
 
 Chalcedony, on Shawanguuk Island. 
 
 Stavrotide, on the shore, E. from Saganaum Bay, in mica 
 
 slate. 
 Suipnuret of Mercury, in the form of a black and red sand, 
 
 very abundant on the shore of this lake, &c. It yields 6ft 
 
 per cent, of mercury by distillation. (C.) 
 Sulphate of Strontian, on the N. shore of Lake Huron, in ra~ 
 
240 MICHIGAN. 
 
 diated crystals, in connection with, and u shootinginto, limpid 
 masses of 
 
 Foliated Gypsum, in 
 
 Limestone, having impressions of the madrepore upon its sur- 
 face. (Sil. 7.46.) 
 
 LAKES. See their proper names. 
 
 MICHIGAN LAKE. 
 
 <Marl, the variety called Ludus Helmontii, (septaria.) is found 
 
 on the eastern shore, between the rivers Black Water, and 
 
 Kikalemazo. 
 Sulphuret of Mercury, vory abundant in the form of a black 
 
 sand and red sand, in the soil, and on the shore of Lake 
 
 Michigan, &tc. (C.) See Detroit River. 
 
 M1CHILIMACKINAC CO. 
 
 Milky Quartz-, also 
 
 Greasy Quartz, at the Sault de Ste. Marie, in detached frag- 
 ments, white, opaque, laminated, and possessing the pecu- 
 liar fatty lustre. 
 
 Clay Stone, on the banks of the St. Mary's river, near the 
 Sault, or Falls of St. Mary ; it occurs in detached, round- 
 ed, or elongated masses, in a kind of clay which is employ- 
 ed for bricks ; it is sometimes found in loose masses along 
 the banks of the river, tt assumes various imitative forms. 
 (Sil. 7.48, & 49.) 
 
 POINT KEWEENA. See SUPERIOR LAKE. 
 
 SAULT DE MARIE. See MICHILIMACKINAC. 
 
 ST. CLAIR LAKE. 
 
 Sulphuret of Mercury, on the shore, in the form of a black 
 and red sand, very abundant. (C.) 
 
 Gypsum, on these Isles, 10 m. N. E. from Michilimackinac, 
 in large, detached masses on the soil ; it is generally folia- 
 ted, and mixed with scattered masses of 
 
 Fibrous Gypsum. (C.) Fibrous gypsum also occurs on these 
 Isles, 4 m. from Mackinaw, in a vein 2 inches thick, and 
 tolerably handsome. (Sil. 5.40.J See Goose Island. 
 
NORTH WEST TERRITORY. 241 
 
 ST. MART'S RIVER. See MICHILIMACKINAC. 
 
 SUPERIOR LAKE. 
 
 Compact Malachite, at the extremity of the great Peninsula of 
 Keewiiweenon, which stretches from the southern shore of 
 the Lake towards La Baie JVb/re, and is ahout 225 m. 
 from Sault St. Marie. This ore exists in a vein about 1 
 fathom in width, rising with a broken, hackly surface out of 
 the water, and extends in a direct line from the Lake into 
 the interior. (SU. 7.44. j 
 
 Smoky Quarts ^ at Point Keewiiweeuon, (or Keweena.) in a 
 crystalline mass, associated with 
 
 Amethyst. This mass separates with a blow of the hammer 
 into innumerable, translucent, dull crystals, deeply striated 
 across the lateral plains, and sometimes terminated by 
 smooth, 6 sided pyramids. The colors are so mingled in 
 some pieces, as to make it difficult to determine, whether 
 to refer them to smoky quartz or amethyst. 
 
 Chalcedony, same place, imbedded in amygdaloid, in globu- 
 lar masses, from the size of an ounce ball to that of a hen's 
 egg. Also very plentifully along the shore, more or less 
 abraded. 
 
 Agate, with the preceding, imbedded or detached. They 
 are all onyx agates, consisting of parallel stripes of various- 
 ly colored chalcedony, jasper, hornstone, or quartz in size 
 from small nodules to a 32 Ib. shot. 
 
 Mica, in the granite of the Porcupine Mountain, in large folia, 
 of a silvery and pearly pure. (Sil. 7,48, & 49.J 
 
 Apophyllite, in fine crystals in amygdaloid. (Bigsby.) 
 
 NORTH WEST TERRITORY. 
 
 BOIS BRULE RIVER. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand forms a stratum 1 foot thick, near this 
 river, which empties into Lake Superior. (C.) 
 
 CHEGOIMEGON POINT. 
 
 Native Copper, 80 m. W. from the Ontonagon, in a mass 
 31 
 
242 NORTH WEST TERRITORY. 
 
 vvighing 28 Ibs. has been found, of a compact texture, mal- 
 leable, and not alloyed with other metals. (C.) 
 
 FALLS OP ST. ANTHONY. 
 
 Steatite, (? Indian pipe stone,) at these falls, color red, texture 
 compact. (C.) 
 
 KEWEENA POINT. 
 
 Native Copper, at the Portage across the Point, from the size 
 of grains to that of masses weighing 2 Ibs., is disseminated 
 in rolled pebbles. (C.) 
 
 ONTONAGON. 
 
 Native Copper, about 30 m. S. from Lake Superior, on the 
 W. bank of the river Ontonagon, a very large mass has 
 been found, weighing, by estimation, about 2200 Ibs. It 
 is connected with serpentine, in which small masses and 
 grains of native copper are disseminated ; and it lies near 
 the water's edge, at the foot of an elevated bank of alluvion. 
 (C.) A mass of native copper, weighing 42 Ibs. very pure 
 and malleable, and containing small points of 
 
 Native Silver, was obtained from the waters of this river. 
 (Sil. 7.46.) See Superior Lake. 
 
 PRAIRIE DU CHIEN. 
 
 Carnelians, and 
 
 Agates, very well characterized, on the alluvial banks of the 
 Mississippi, at Prairie du Chien. (Sil. 5.39J 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, at Prairie du Chien, 500 m. above St. 
 Louis, on the Mississippi, where it is worked by the sava- 
 ges. (Sck.) Galena, very beautiful, broad, foliated, like 
 that of the Missouri mines, occurs 7 m. below the Ous- 
 consin, on the E. bank of the Mississippi. The mines 
 lately belonged to the Sacs and Foxes. (Sil. 5.40.) 
 
 SUPERIOR LAKE. 
 
 Prase, near Grand Isle, on this Lake ; it is translucent, and of 
 
 a uniform, light leek green. 
 Chalcedony, on the S. side .of Lake Superior, near Portage 
 
 river ; also 
 
 Carnelian, same place. (C.) 
 Reddle, a very fine quality. Indian pipes are made of it, 
 
 -on the banks of Lake Superior. (Sil. 5.40.) 
 
243 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 ALTON. 
 
 Coal, near. (C.) 
 
 BIG MUDDY RIVER. 
 
 Native Copper has been observed on this river. (C.) 
 Stone Coal. The banks of this river afford large beds of 
 good inflammable stone coal. (Sch.) 
 
 CAVE-IN-ROCK. 
 
 Fluate of Liime is found occasionally on the soil for 30 m. 
 S. W. from Cave-in-Rock, on the Ohio. It occurs mas- 
 sive, or in cubes, solitary or aggregated, and is associated 
 with galena, &tc. in alluvial deposit, or in veins which ap- 
 pear to traverse compact limestone, and calcareous sand- 
 stone. (C.) This mineral occurs at a lead mine, about 3 
 m. back of Cave-in-Rock, on the Ohio river, about 15m. 
 S. of Shawneetown, Gallatin Co., and about 12 m. from 
 the United States Saline, on Saline river. Its colors are 
 very beautiful, of various shades of purple, violet, and blue ; 
 some specimens entirely limpid. It is accompanied by 
 
 Sulphur et of Lead , 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc, &c., imbedded in a stiff, red clay, resting on 
 
 Secondary JLimestone. 
 
 Coal has been found in the same neighbourhood. 
 
 Precious Opal ; one specimen was found at locality of fluor, 
 where is found also 
 
 Madrepore, and 
 
 Calcareous Spar. (Sch.') 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 Coal is found about 40 m. S. W., near the junction of Fox 
 
 river, with the Illinois. (C.) 
 Compact Limestone, containing fossil remains, is quarried ia 
 
 this vicinity. (SiL 4.289.) 
 
244 ILLINOIS. 
 
 DES PLAINES. 
 
 Agatized Wood. A petrified tree was found in the bed of 
 the river Des Plaines, about 40 rods above its junction with 
 the Kankakee, imbedded in a horizontal position in a stra- 
 tum of newer floetz sandstone, of a grey color, and close 
 grain. There is 51| feet of the trunk visible, 18 inches in 
 diameter at its smallest end, and probably 3 feet at the oth- 
 er end. (Sil. 4.285.J 
 
 EDWARDSVILLE. 
 
 Sulphuret of Antimony, about 30 m. N. A body of it was 
 discovered during the late war by a militiaman. (Sch.) 
 
 GRAND PIERRE CREEK. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, at the 3 forks of Grand Pierre Creek, 27 m. 
 
 from Shawneetown ; occurs on the surface of the soil, in 
 
 masses, which are sometimes several feet in diameter ; its 
 
 colors are violet, rose, and green. 
 Brown Oxide of Iron occurs at the 3 forks, in considerable 
 
 quantities. (C.) 
 
 MONROE CO. 
 
 Native Copper, in detached masses ; one weighing 7 Ibs. was 
 found in the Highlands back of Harrison vi He. (C.) A shaft 
 was sunk 40 feet deep in 1817 at this place, in search of 
 copper, and 
 
 Red Oxide of Iron, compact, and an 
 
 Oxide of Copper, were found. (ScA.) 
 
 Fluate of Lime, 17m. from Shawneetown; it is almost al- 
 ways in crystals, sometimes several inches in diameter, pre- 
 senting very rich and beautiful colors : though sometimes 
 limpid, and sometimes nearly black, its more common col- 
 ors are some shade of violet, purple, red, or yellow. The 
 limpid and yellow crystals are sometimes invested with a 
 thin violet, or red coat. It is usually phosphorescent by 
 heat, excepting when nearly black. 
 
 Fetid Fluate of Lime. The violet, red, and yellow crystals 
 of the above, are often fetid by percussion. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, same place, sometimes in cubes, with trun- 
 cated angles. 
 
ILLINOIS. 245 
 
 Brown Oxide of Iron, same place, in considerable quantities, 
 (C.) 
 
 SALINE RIVER. 
 
 Muriate of Soda, 12 m. W. from Shawneetown, on this river, 
 is a spring belonging to the United States, and yielding 
 annually, at least 150,000 bushels of salt, the price of 
 which at the works is 70 cents a bushel. (C.) 
 
 SHAWNEETOWN. 
 
 Fluate of Lime occurs on the Ohio for 30 m. S. W. from 
 Cave-in-Rock, on the soil, massive, and in cubes, beautiful, 
 and very abundant; also 3 m. back of Cave-in-Rock, 15 
 m. S. of this place, very beautiful ; also at the 3 forks of 
 the Grand Pierre Creek, 27 m. from this, in large masses ; 
 also on Peter's Creek, 17m. from this, almost always in 
 crystals, very beautiful and abundant, some of which is 
 fetid by percussion. (SiZ. 3.244. ) See the above places 
 in italics. Fluor Spar is found not far from this town, on 
 the banks of the Ohio, and a few rn. below where the Wa- 
 bash joins the Ohio. It forms the gangue of a vein of the 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, which has a broad, foliated fracture, and 
 a high degree of metallic splendor. Sometimes the galena 
 and fluor are intimately blended. 
 
 Quartz Crystals appear to abound at the same place, besides 
 various other minerals. (Sil. 1.52.) Loose 1 masses of flu- 
 or spar have been found, as large as a 24 Ib. shot, of a 
 fine violet color, and the surface completely covered with 
 cubical crystals. (Sil. 3.244.) A specimen more than 6 
 inches square was found, on which were deposited between 
 300 and 400 distinct cubes and parallelepipeds, some of 
 which are 1 inch in diameter, and others so minute as to be 
 almost microscopic, of a deep violet, and purple color. 
 The locality of fluor spar of this region is the most re- 
 markable that has been observed in North America, and 
 probably one of the most interesting in the world. (Sil. 
 3.367.J 
 
 ST. CLAIR CO. 
 
 Gypsum occurs in this county, crystallized. (C.) 
 Jlgaric Mineral is found as a sediment in a spring, soft, spon- 
 gy, of a grey color, and soiling the fingers ; it appears t 
 be a pure carbonate of lime. (Sch.) 
 
246 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 Yellow Quartz, on the banks of the Mississippi, in rolled mass- 
 es, varying from pale orange yellow, to yellowish red. 
 
 Radiated Quartz is found near the lead mines, in loose mass- 
 es in the soil. 
 
 Pumice is said to float down the Missouri ; it is composed of 
 minute globules, or spheroids, usually greyish white, some- 
 times brown, red, or black. (C.) This supposed pumice 
 is believed to be from the beds of amygdaloid, in the trap 
 formation, near the sources of the Canadian river of the 
 Arkansa. (A. L. JV. H. JV. Y. 1.21.J This pumice is 
 undoubtedly a pseudo volcanic production. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Jlntimony. (C.) 
 
 Basanite, in rolled masses, on the shores of the Mississippi. 
 
 Sulphuret of JLead. The most important locality of lead ore, 
 which the United States, or the world contains, is furnished 
 by the metalliferous limestone of Missouri, and which 
 breaks out, or has been explored at various places, from 
 the banks of the Askansa river to Prairie du Chien, on 
 the Mississippi, a distance, in a direct line from S. to N., of 
 700 m. The number of mines now wrought in Missouri, is 
 45, and the quantity of lead annually smelted, is estimated at 
 3,000,000 Ibs, The ore yields, on assay, 82 per cent, of 
 metallic lead, and the remainder is chiefly sulphur. It is 
 found accompanied by sulphate of baryles, calcareous spar, 
 quartz, pyrites, and blende. (C.) & (ScJt.) See Jefferson, 
 Madison, St. Genevieve, and Washington counties. 
 
 Tabular Quartz, 
 
 Carnelian, and Carnelian Agate. 
 
 Opalized Wood, and 
 
 Agatized Wood, are found dispersed along the shores of the 
 Mississippi ; the 2 last are found also along the shores of 
 the Missouri. (Sch.) 
 
 Sard, in rolled pebbles along the banks of the Missouri, and 
 very similar to those from the East, probably the Yellow 
 Quartz, mentioned above. 
 
 Lignite, with Agatized Wood, forming a continued stratum, 
 
MISSOURI. 247 
 
 commencing a few miles above the Arikaree Village, and 
 continuing to the confluence of Yellow Stone River, com- 
 monly from 150 to 200 feet below the surface. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 BELLEVUE. See WASHINGTON CO. 
 
 BIG RIVER. See ST. GENEVIEVE CO. 
 
 BLUE WATER CREEK. 
 
 Gypsum is found on this creek. (C.) 
 
 BOONS LICK. 
 
 Muriate of Soda, in salt springs at this place. (C) 
 
 CAPE GIRARDEAU CO. 
 
 Chalk, in great abundance, on the W. bank of the Mississippi, 
 of a fine quality, and in considerable quantities, at a place 
 called the Little Chain of Rocks, 35 m. above the mouth 
 of the Ohio, for a of a m. along the bank, in the course of 
 which several pits have been opened ; also directly oppo- 
 site the mouth of Big Muddy River. (Sch.) Naturalists 
 who have recently visited this country, consider this sup- 
 posed chalk as white marl. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 Citrine, or fellow Quartz, water-worn fragments of limpid 
 quartz, of a yellow color, and possessing a high lustre, and 
 great hardness, are found on the banks of the Mississippi, 
 at various places between Cape Girardeau and St. Louis. 
 (ScA.) Probably sard. See Missouri. 
 
 Flint, imbedded in the chalk, in nodules, which are enveloped 
 by a hard crust of carbonate of lime, arranged in concen- 
 tric layers. 
 
 Yellow Earth, near the chalk banks, on the W. side of the 
 Mississippi river, where a kind of 
 
 Red Ochre is also found. 
 
 Hornstone, on the W. bank of the Mississippi, between this 
 and St. Louis, in globular and elliptical masses, in secondary 
 limestone ; it is brown, with shades of yellow, red, blue, or 
 black, and sometimes passes into 
 
 Chalcedony, and common quartz. It may be particularly no- 
 ticed at the Grand Tower, 2 m. above the mouth of Big 
 Muddy River, and at the Hanging Dog. 
 
248 MISSOURI. 
 
 CAVE CREEK. 
 
 Stalactites, in caverns, on this creek, which empties into Cur- 
 rent's River, pendent from the roof, and sometimes reach- 
 ing the floor. (C.) These caves, at present in the wilder- 
 ness, are about 80 m. S. W. of Potosi, near Ashley's 
 Saltpetre cave. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash is found in the earth of these caves, which 
 are now dry; and efflorescent on the rocks. (.ScA.) 
 
 Jasper, in the bed of this creek, near the head of Current's 
 River, blue and white, striped in a stratum in 
 
 Secondary Limestone, (C.) 80 m. S. W. of Potosi. (Sch.) 
 
 DESMOINES RIVER. 
 
 Steatite, (? Indian pipe stone,) red, and compact, near the head 
 of the River Desmoines, of the Mississippi. 
 
 ESTABLISHMENT CREEK. 
 
 Chalcedony, at Establishment Creek, St. Genevieve Co. ; 
 
 it is bluish, yellowish, or milk white, or brownish yellow, 
 
 and sometimes spotted, zoned, or dendritic. 
 Hornstone, 8 rn. from St. Genevieve, on the soil, with chal- 
 
 cedony, and 
 tfgate, whose colors are arranged in concentric lines. (C.) 
 
 FALLS OF ST. ANTHONY. See ST. ANTHONY^ FALLS. 
 FLORISSANT. 
 
 Cod. (C.) 
 
 FORT MASON. 
 
 Steatite, near Fort Mason, on the Mississippi, whose colors 
 are various shades of yellow and green, intermixed. (Sch.) 
 
 GASCONADE RIVER. 
 
 Compact Red Oxide of Iron, at the head of the river. (C.) 
 Nitrate of Potash, several caves are worked on this river; 
 
 and there are few caves in this region which do not afford 
 
 nitre. 
 Suljphuret of Lead is found on this river. (Sch.) 
 
MISSOURI. 249 
 
 HERCULANEUM. 
 
 Chalcedony, on the banks of the Mississippi, at this place. 
 
 Cornelian, same place, &ic. in rolled masses ; its color is red 
 of different shades, sometimes intermingled with honey yel- 
 low, or exhibits a uniform smoke brown. (C.) 
 
 Tabular Quartz, on the W. bank of the Mississippi, in small, 
 irregular shaped, detached plates, greyish white, from 
 which it passes into bluish white, milk white, and pale yel- 
 low. Some specimens possess the hardness and translu- 
 cency of cacholong, and chalcedony, to which it seems 
 nearly allied ; abundant. 
 
 Citrine, or Yellow Quartz, on the banks of the Mississippi, of 
 great hardness, and high lustre, colors from a light orange 
 yellow, to a brandy red. (Sch.) Both these articles appear 
 to be varieties of chalcedony. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 MAHA VILLAGE. 
 
 Chalk, well characterized, occurs on the banks of the Missou- 
 ri, near this village, and apparently destitute of organic re- 
 mains. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 JEFFERSON CO. 
 
 Potter's Clay, at Gray's mine, snow white, unctuous, adher- 
 ing strongly to the tongue, and becoming plastic in water ; 
 it retains its whiteness, and is infusible in a high heat. (C.) 
 This locality covers a considerable area of ground on the 
 banks of Big River, which is one of the principal tributa- 
 ries of the Merrimack, 8 or 10 feet from the surface. (Sch.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. The ore is found in alluvial deposit of 
 stiff, red clay, which is often marly, and contains numerous, 
 detached masses of quartz, here called the Blossom of 
 Lead. This alluvion, which varies from 10 to 20 feet in 
 depth, rests on limestone, which appears to belong to the 
 transition class. This galena, which has usually a broad, 
 foliated structure, and a very high lustre, occurs in masses 
 of various sizes, in veins, and beds, and is most abundant 
 in the marly clay. It is associated with 
 
 Sulphuret of Barytes, 
 
 Calcareous Spar, 
 
 Quartz, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc. (C.) See Sulphuret of Lead, under Mis- 
 32 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 souri. The mines wrought in this county are Gray's mine, 
 on Big River, and M'Kane's mine, on Dry Creek. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. Salt springs are found within a few m. of 
 the sulphur springs. At two of these springs, salt is manu- 
 factured, but the works are small. 
 
 Hornstone is strewed in detached fragments over the uplands. 
 
 Sulphur. A spring exists in this Co., the waters of which are 
 highly charged with sulphur, which it deposits on the 
 stones over which it runs. (Sch.) 
 
 LAURENCE CO. 
 
 Marble, in the tolls of this county. The kind that is most 
 abundant is brick colored, with brown stripes, (resembling 
 the Italian Rosso di Monte Catini ) The next is a plain, 
 flesh colored marble. (Rosso di Caldona.) A white and 
 black marble is the first that occurs at the foot of the ridges ; 
 it is a most beautiful variety, (Nero, y Bianco Jlntico.) 
 Many other varieties are found in the branches of the creeks. 
 The kinds first mentioned are found in great plenty. The 
 first covers more than 50 m. of surface. (Sil. 3.23.) A 
 stone, resembling granite, although it is no granite, is found 
 10 m. S. of Batisses ford, St. Francis river, on the road from 
 .Laurence court house to St. Michael, exceeding in beauty 
 any thing of the kind, composed of pure, transparent, pris- 
 matic crystals, of the size of grains of wheat, cemented with 
 very black crystals of the same size and shape, without the 
 appearance of any other mixture, or color. The quarry is 
 inexhaustible, and blocks of any size, from one to a thou- 
 sand feet, may be got, precisely alike in every part. 
 
 Sulphuret of Antimony, not far from the above place, has been 
 found, and is said to be in great quantity. Sil. 3.24.J 
 
 Hornstone is strewed in detached fragments over the uplands 
 of Lawrence Co. (Sc/i.) 
 
 MADANSBURGtt. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. Salt springs occur here. (C.) 
 
 MADISON CO. 
 
 Graphite, near mine La Motte, &c. 
 
 Micaceous Oxide of Iron, at the Narrows, near the St. Fran- 
 cis, in a vein traversing red granite. (C.) This locality is 
 
MISSOURI. 251 
 
 on the banks of the river St. Francis, 4 m. S. of the exten- 
 sive lead mines of La Motte. The vein of this ore is sev- 
 eral feet wide. (Sch.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in Mine La Motte, within 2 m, of St. 
 Michaels, on the head waters of the river St. Francois, 
 one of the oldest mines in the state, and the only one now 
 wrought in this county, discovered in 1720; it is very 
 extensive. ( C.) &i (Sch.) See Missouri. 
 
 Hornstone, strewed in detached fragments over the uplands. 
 
 Schorl, imbedded in certain granitic aggregates in this Co., 
 in ill defined crystals. 
 
 Feldspar, in crystals, imbedded in greenstone, on the banks 
 of the river St Francis, at a place called the Narrows, 
 color, a flesh red, graduating into green on the edges. (Sch.) 
 
 OSAGE RIVER. 
 
 Coal, on this river. (C.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, on this river. (Sch.) 
 
 PEPIN LAKE. 
 
 Carnelian, near Lake Pepin, on the Mississippi ; it is often 
 associated with 
 
 Common Chalcedony, 
 
 Cacholong, &c.{C.) Carnelian is very abundant on the shores 
 of this lake ; (Sepin ?) and it may be traced below Prarie 
 du Chien, and even as low as St. Genevieve. In descend- 
 ing the Mississippi it is constantly met with in the alluvial 
 soil. Many of these specimens may be considered as 
 
 Sardonyx. (Sil. 3.215.) 
 
 POTOSI. See WASHINGTON co, 
 
 SANDY LAKE, 
 
 Carnelian, near, at the head of the Mississippi ; it is often as- 
 sociated with 
 
 Common Chalcedony, 
 
 Cacholong, &ic. (C.) This is a good locality of carnelian, and 
 it is found around the shores of the numerous little lakes iw 
 this region. (Sil. 3.215.) 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 Steatite, near, on the Mississippi, red, and of a compact tex- 
 ture, employed by the natives for bowls of tobacco pipes. 
 (C.) Is this steatite ? 
 
 Camel ian is sparingly found at the foot of the Falls. (Sil. 
 3.215.) 
 
 ST. FRANCIS RIVER. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, on this river, (bch,) 
 
 ST. GENEVIEVE CO. 
 
 Granular Quartz, 8 m. from St. Genevieve Co., snow white, 
 friable, and falls into transparent grains. (C.) This is on the 
 road to Potosi, of a beautiful appearance, resembling refin- 
 ed sugar. It occurs in several caves near tlie road, whose 
 sides are entirely composed of it. It is suitable for making 
 the best flint glass. (S'cA.) 
 
 Chalcedony, on Establishment Creek; it is bluish, yellowish, 
 or milk white, or brownish yellow, and sometimes spotted, 
 zoned, or dendritic. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead. (C.) See Sulphuret of Lead under Mis- 
 souri. The lead mines now wrought in this Co., are Mine 
 a Joe, on Flat River, Bryan's mines, at Hazle Run, and 
 Dogget's mine, Hazle Run. 
 
 Citrine, or Yellow Quartz, near, in water-worn fragments, 
 possessing a high lustre, and great hardness, color, from a 
 light orange yellow to a brandy red. Chalcedony, on the 
 W. of Establishment Creek, is seen passing into the 
 
 Onyx Agate. See Sard, Missouri. 
 
 Hornstone is scattered, in detached fragments, over the up- 
 lands of this Co. 
 
 Jasper, along the banks of the Mississippi, between St. Gene- 
 vieve and St. Louis, in rolled masses, colors bottle green, 
 striped, &c. 
 
 Opalized Wood, small pieces in the form of a parallelogram, 
 accompanied by the common 
 
 Agatized Wood, of the Missouri, by yellow quartz, and by 
 chalcedony, are distributed very plentifully alona; the shores 
 of the Mississippi, between St. Genevieve and St. Louis. 
 Graphite is found in small quantity on Big River. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. The principal works for the manufacture 
 of salt in this state, are seated at St. Genevieve, and Boons 
 Lick. 
 
MISSOURI. 253 
 
 fuller's Earth. The great field of St. Genevieve, where it 
 forms the bank of the river, contains some very fine strata 
 of Fuller's earth, observable only at a low stage of the wa- 
 ter. (Sch.) 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Hornstone, on the W. bank of the Mississippi, between this- 
 and Cape Girardeau, in globular and elliptical masses, in 
 Secondary JLimestone, brown, with shades of yellow, red, 
 blue, or black, and sometimes passes into 
 
 Flint, 
 
 Chalcedony, and common quartz. 
 
 JLgatized Wood, near, on the banks of the Missouri and Mis- 
 sissippi. 
 
 Jasper, on the banks of the Mississippi, between this and St. 
 Genevieve, in rolled masses ; colors bottle green, striped, 
 &c. (C.) 
 
 Citrine, or Yellow Quartz, in water-worn, limpid fragments, 
 of a high lustre, and great hardness, are found at this place, 
 and on the banks of the Mississippi, at various places be- 
 tween this and Cape Girardeau, color varies from a light 
 orange yellow to a brandy red. Hornstone may be partic- 
 ularly observed at ihe Grand tower, 2 m. above the mouth 
 of Big Muddy River ; also at the Hanging Dog, and it is 
 found in detached fragments scattered over the uplands of 
 St. Louis Co. It is also found in irregular, rounded mass- 
 es, imbedded in 
 
 Secondary Limestone, at Choteau's mills near St. Louis. 
 Opalized Wood, accompanied by the common agatized wood 
 of the Missouri, by yellow quartz, by chalcedony, in small 
 pieces, in the form of a parellelograrn, are distributed very 
 plentifully along the shores of the Mississippi, between this 
 and St. Genevieve. (Sch.) 
 
 Steatite, red, and of a compact texture, abundant between this 
 and Soux River; (C.) also near the head of St. Peter's, 
 and Pipe-Stone Rivers of the Missouri. (&ch.) (?) 
 
 Native Copper, in rounded pieces, near the mouth of this riv- 
 er, which empties into the Mississippi ; it is frequently cov- 
 ered with a coating of the 
 
 Green Oxide of Copper, and is disseminated among limestone 
 rocks. (SiL 5.39.) 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 STRAWBERRY RIVER. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, on Strawberry River. (Sch.) 
 
 TYAWAPETY BOTTOM. 
 
 Flint, at the head of Tyawapety Bottom, about 35 or 40 ra. 
 above the junction of the Ohio with the Mississippi, in no- 
 dules, and veins or strata, embraced in a horizontal bed of 
 white clay, and so arranged as to form with it an angle of 
 about 50. The bed of clay rests on siliceous sandstone, 
 and is covered by 
 
 Shell Limestone. 
 
 Potter's Clay, on the right bank of the Mississippi, commenc- 
 ing near the head of Tyawapety Bottom, about 40 m. above 
 the junction of the Ohio, and extending for 34 m. to nearly 
 6 m. below the Grand Tower rock. It is snow white, pul- 
 verulent, has a fine texture, smooth to the touch, and ad- 
 heres strongly to the tongue. This extensive bed of clay, 
 from 1 to 10 feet in thickness, rests upon a horizontal 
 stratum of sandstone, is covered by shell limestone, and 
 contains flint in nodules, veins, or strata. (C.) 
 
 WASHINGTON CO. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in white, or honey yellow, transparent mass- 
 es, in a red, marly clay. 
 
 Ferruginous Quarts, at Mine a Burton, in deep red, opaque, 
 rolled masses, having a strong, vitreous lustre. 
 
 Chalcedony, at the lead mines, in concentric layers, usually 
 i)luish white, and sometimes invested with crystals of quartz. 
 
 Reddle, dark red, forming abed of considerable extent. 
 
 JVLicaceous Oxide of Iron, in Bellevue, micaceous iron forms a 
 .ridge from 500 to 600 feet high, and | a m. long; it is in 
 shining laminae, and sometimes associated with 
 
 3led Oxide of Iron, and quartz. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in an alluvial deposit of stiff, red clay, 
 which is often marly, and contains numerous, detached 
 masses of quartz, here called the Blossom of Lead. This al- 
 luvion, from 10 to "20 feet thick, rests on limestone, of the 
 transition class. (C.) There are 39 lead mines in this 
 county, the principal of which are Mine a Burton, Burton 
 township. New Diggings, Burton's township, Mine 
 .Shibboleth, Union township, and Lebaum's mine, whida 
 
ARKANSAS. 255 
 
 is in the tovrnship of Richwoods. See Sulphuret of Lead, 
 under Missouri. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash ; 3 salt petre caves are worked in this Co. 
 on the Merrimack. 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, forming the matrix of the lead ore at 
 Mine a Burton, Mine Shibboleth, Old mines, and the nu- 
 merous other mines in this Co. Sometimes it is found de- 
 tached from any ores, and the quantity found at Potosi 
 alone, is sufficient, probably, for the supply of the whole 
 world. It is generally found in compact, or tabular masses, 
 very white, heavy, and glistening. Sometimes it is crest- 
 ed, columnar, prismatic, or lamellar, and frequently the 
 surfaces of the crystals are yellow, from an ochrey oxide of 
 iron. 
 
 Alum. There is a cave in Bellevue, which yields alum ; it is 
 found effloresced. 
 
 Radiated Quartz is common at the lead mines of this state ; 
 more abundant in this Co., where it is called Mineral Blos- 
 som. 
 
 Hornstone in detached fragments, is scattered over the up- 
 lands of this Co. 
 
 Yellow Earth is frequently met with in digging for lead ore. 
 
 Graphite is said to have been discovered in a very large body, 
 12 m. S. of Potosi. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in Mine a Burton, New Diggings, Old mines, 
 and Renault's mines, sometimes in handsome cubes, or lam- 
 ellar masses, and sometimes interspersed with the 
 
 Sulphuret of Zinc , he^vy spar, and galena. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese* 6 days' journey S. W. of Potosi, (40 m. 
 E ) in a large body, near the head of Merrimack river. 
 (Sch.) 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 Muriate of Soda, near the northern sources of the Arkansas 
 river ; this salt forms incrustations of considerable thick- 
 ness and solidity, on the soil of plains and prairies. See 
 
256 ARKANSAS. 
 
 Fort Osage. Salt springs exist both on this river and the 
 
 Wachitta. 
 Gypsum, on the S. bank of the Arkansas River ; sulphate of 
 
 lime, often crystallized, and transparent, is associated with 
 
 red clay. 
 .Anthracite, on the N. side of Arkansas River, 500 m. from its 
 
 mouth; anthracite, of good quality, forms a large bed, (C.) 
 The forerneutioned bed consists of 
 
 Bituminous Coal, nearly opposite to the north of Grand Riv- 
 er of Arkansas. (T. Nuttall.) 
 Iron Sand, on the banks of the Arkansas, near where the 
 
 main road to Red River crosses, in an aggregated from, 
 
 dark brown. 
 Sulphuret of Lead, on the Arkansas River. (Sch.) 
 
 BEAR CREEK. 
 
 Flint, near the head of Bear Creek, which empties into White 
 River, in yellowish brown nodules. (C.) This flint is 
 found 900 rn. above the junction of the White River with 
 the Mississippi. (Sch.) in all probability Hornstone. (T. 
 Nuttall.) 
 
 CLARK co. See HOT SPRINGS. 
 
 COVE OF WACHITTA. 
 
 This place is formed by a circular mountain, shaped like a 
 horse-shoe, and the mountain consists of 
 
 Sparry Iron Stone, and 
 
 Heavy Spar. This mountain encloses an area of 9 m. of sur- 
 face, which faces on the Wachitta River, 15 m. below the 
 Hot Springs. (SU. 3.26. J 
 
 Native Magnet, or Magnetic Oxide of Iron, on the Wachitta, 
 possessing strong magnetic powers. (C.) 
 
 Sulphate of Soda on the Wachitta, is a stone, which on burn- 
 ing, and exposure to the air, yields a substance, of the na- 
 ture of Glauber's salts. 
 
 Mica, common in the transition rocks of this region. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, of a brass yellow color, in cubes. 
 
 Iron Ores, very abundant. The loadstone is represented to 
 be in great quantity. 
 
 Sulphate of Copper, and 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, (bulphuret of Zinc I) are found at the 
 Cove. (Sch.) 
 
ARKANSAS. 257 
 
 Muriate of Soda. Six m. below the Cove is a salt work, at 
 which much salt is manufactured, and sold for$l a bushel* 
 The water yields one fifteenth of salt. There are salt 
 springs on the Arkansas that yield one sixth of salt. 
 
 Alum 24 m. from the Cove ; between that and the Arkansas, 
 100 m. to the left of the road, after crossing the third fork 
 of the Saline river, and immediately on its banks, there is 
 an acclivity leading to a perpendicular wall of about 100 
 feet in height ; this is composed of a black 
 
 Aluminous Slate, rather inclining in its position. The observ- 
 er, on removing a few of the loose slates under his feet, 
 will discover the upper surface of many thousand tons of 
 alum. It is the kind called Feather Mum, or Plumose Al- 
 um 
 
 Buhrstone. On the hills surrounding the Cove, there are some 
 siliceous stones, among the Spathose iron stone, and the 
 fibrous, and compact heavy spar, with which the French 
 burr mUlstones are made ; and they are pronounced by- 
 good judges to be of superior quality. This valley, or cove, 
 affords all kinds of earth of the very best quality for every 
 kind of furnaces and crucibles, for glass manufactories, and 
 iron foundries. 
 
 Petuntze, or 
 
 Kaolin, of a very superior quality for porcelain is found here. 
 Materials for glass are equally good and plenty. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron is found here in abundance. 
 
 Native Copper, one piece, size and shape of an ear of corn, 
 was found here. (Sil. 3.26, to 28.) 
 
 FINDLEY'S FORK. 
 
 Stalactites, in a cavern, on Findley's Fork ; also 
 Alabaster, in masses sufficiently large and compact, to be em- 
 ployed in the arts. (C.) This Cave is very large, on Find- 
 ley's Fork, one of the tributaries of White River. The sta- 
 lactites are in enormous columns, and the floor of the Cave 
 is covered by stalagmites, 'from the size of a pea to many 
 tons weight. (Sch.) 
 
 FORT OSAGE. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. It is said that an extensive plain 280 m. 
 S. W. from this fort, presents in dry, hot weather, an in- 
 23 
 
258 ARKANSAS. 
 
 crustation of clean, white salt, from two to six inches 
 
 thick. 
 
 Gypsum, ad 
 Red day, were also observed in the vicinity, in strata. (C.) 
 
 FOURCHE a COURTOIS. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, of a brass yellow color, has been found 
 on this stream, which is tributary to the Merrimack. (Sch.) 
 
 GRAND RIVER. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. Several import-ant salt springs occur near 
 the banks of the river, about 50 m. from its confluence with 
 the Arkansas, from which salt has for several years been 
 manufactured. 
 
 Compact, or Mountain Limestone with shell, is the rock which 
 borders this river on either side, and contains 
 
 Hornstone, in nodules. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 HOT SPRINGS OF WACHITTA. 
 
 These springs, which are interesting, both on account of the 
 heat of their waters, and the variety of minerals found in 
 their vicinity, are situated on Hot Spring Creek, a branch 
 of the Ouachitta, or Wachitta River, (called by some Wash- 
 itaw,) which empties into Red River. They are 6 m. W. 
 of the main road from Cadron to Mount Prairie, on Red 
 River, in Clark County. (Sch.) Here are about 30 springs, 
 and the heat of the water is 192 of Fahrenheit. They is- 
 sue out of a bed of 
 
 Fibrous Heavy Spar. (SiL 3.29.) 
 
 Limpid Quarts, at the Hot Springs, in very fine, perfect, 
 transparent prisms. 
 
 Novaculite, 3 m. above the Hot Springs, occurs of good qual- 
 ity, and often unusually translucent. (C.) 
 
 Common Quartz, in veins from 1 to 8 or 10 feet wide, in the 
 argillaceous rock formation, in the neighborhood of the Hot 
 Springs. 
 
 Mica, at the Hot Springs, in small, extremely flexible laminae, 
 of a greenish yellow color. (Sch.) Mica, in fine crystals, 
 occurs near here in a ferruginous trap. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 JAMES RIVER. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, on James River, 20 m. above its junction 
 
ARKANSAS. 259 
 
 with Findley River. The Osage Indians smelt the ore and 
 obtain bullets. (C.) 
 
 JEFFERSON LAKE. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. Near the Arkansas River, above the Cove 
 of Wachitta, this Lake is situated, and its outlet is naviga- 
 ble for boats. The water of this Lake is a saturated solu- 
 tion of salt, and it is of a bright red, taking its color from 
 red clay, (and not from cinnabar,) which is very plenty on 
 the Canadian. Large blocks of rock salt, of the same col- 
 or, are found in the crevices of the mountains eastward of 
 these Lakes. There are 3 in a range ; their beds are a 
 solid mass of muriate of soda. (Sil. 3.27.) 
 
 LAWRENCE CO. 
 
 Hematitic Brown Oxide of /row, 5 m. N. from Strawberry 
 
 river; it occurs stalaclical, reniform, &c. 
 Oxide of Manganese, associated with ores of iron. (C.) The 
 
 hematite occurs along with 
 Cellular Pyrites, and 
 Argillaceous Oxide of Iron, on the main road leading through 
 
 Lawrence Co. The locality of the oxide of manganese is 
 
 on the dividing ridge of land, between Spring River, and 
 
 the River Eleven-points. (Sch.) 
 
 LITTLE MISSOURI. 
 
 Sulphate of Lime. About 150 m. up the Little Missouri, which 
 is a fork of the Wachitta, there are inexhaustible quar- 
 ries of sulphate of lime, of several varieties. (Sil. 3.26.) 
 
 MINERAL FORK. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, of a brass yellow color, on this Fork, which 
 empties into the Merrimack. (Sch.) 
 
 PAWNEE MOUNTAINS. 
 
 Native Muriate of Soda, rock salt. The hunters and Indians 
 agree in reporting that rock salt actually exists in what they 
 call the Pawnee mountains, near the Arkansas, which is white 
 and clear like alum, and that the Pawnee and Osage In- 
 dians were in the habit of procuring their salt from that 
 spot. (Sch.) 
 
260 ARKANSAS. 
 
 WACHITTA RIVER. 
 
 Muriate of Soda. The principal works for the manufacture 
 of salt in this Territory are situated on the Arkansas and 
 Wachitta rivers. (Sch.) The Wachitta, 80 m. below the 
 Hot Springs, affords, in a place called the Cove, five points 
 of hills, where the very richest 
 
 Magnetic Iron Ore is gathered in enormous heaps ; it yields 
 the best of iron. 
 
 Cellular Brownish Red Ore which occurs in very large bo- 
 dies, is likewise found in this Cove, and in many other pla- 
 ces, particularly on the N. side of the mouth of Little Mis- 
 souri, (a fork of Wachitta.) 
 
 Sulphate of Lime is found in the Cove, within 200 yards of 
 the magnetic iron ore. Above the ore, and not 100 yards 
 off, is an extensive bed of 
 
 Common Talc, (Mica ?) the leaves are of an extraordinary 
 size, not less than 5 inches by 7. (SiL 3.26.) 
 
 WHITE OAK BAYOU. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, crystallized, on the banks of the Arkansa,* 
 about I m. below this rivulet, in a vein of quartz about 1 
 foot wide, traversing a fine-grained, siliceous sandstone ; 
 these crystals are scattered over with round masses, or im- 
 perfect crystals of a white and diaphanous 
 
 Ta/c, collected into radii, each plate forming the segment 
 of a circle. 
 
 Sulphur et of Iron, in cubes. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Sand, abundant in the rocks, and scattered 
 along the strand of the river. It was pretended that Silver 
 Ore had been found here. (Nuttall, 107, & 10cS.) 
 
 WHITE RIVER. 
 
 Agate, on the highlands S. of White River, and about 300 m. 
 
 W. of the Mississippi. 
 Sulphuret of Iron, on the White River, within 100 m. of its 
 
 source, attached to rock in cubical crystals, and is reported 
 
 to exist in quantity. 
 Sulphuret of Lead, on White River. (Sch.) 
 
 * The territory and river are usually spelled Arkansa, and the town 
 Arkansas, T. N. 
 
 
BRITISH PROVINCES, 
 
 NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 CAPE BLOW-ME-DOWN. 
 
 Amethyst, in greenstone, opposite Patridge Island. (C.) 
 
 CAPE BRETON ISLAND. 
 
 Coal is found at Sidney of good quality, and is much used at 
 Halifax and St. John's. (C.) 
 
 CAPE DORE. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese. (C.) 
 
 NEWPORT. 
 
 Gypsum. Near Newport are extensive and important quarries 
 of sulphate of lime presenting all its varieties, and is some- 
 times associated with 
 
 Selenite, which forms small, foliated, cylindrical masses in the 
 gypsum. It is often connected with 
 
 Shell Ldmestone. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese. (C.) 
 
 PATRIDGE ISLAND. 
 
 Amethyst, near Parsborough, often in geodes, in columnar 
 greenstone, which on the eastern side of the island presents 
 a precipice, nearly 200 feet high. 
 
 Chalcedony, same place, in greenstone. 
 
262 NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 Jasper, on this island, sometimes very beautiful. 
 rfgate, in greenstone, usually forming geodes. (C.) 
 
 SPENCER'S ISLAND. 
 Reddle occurs on the banks of this island. (C.) 
 
 WINDSOR. 
 
 Gypsum; near this place are extensive and important quar- 
 ries of gypsum. It here presents all its varieties, and is 
 sometimes associated with 
 
 Selenite. (C.) 
 
 NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 CUMBERLAND BAY. 
 
 Goal occurs near the head of this bay. (C.) 
 
 MARTINS HEAD. 
 
 Gypsum, 50 m. E. from St. John's ; it is associated with a 
 puddingstone, or conglomerate, with that variety of sand- 
 stone employed for grindstones, and with a red clay. (C.) 
 
 NEGRO HEAD. 
 
 Amianthus, 7 m. from St. John's, abundant, and is sometimes 
 employed by sailors for wicks in their binnacle lamps. (C.) 
 
 Coal is found at Grand Lake near this river. (C.) 
 
 Q,UACOW. 
 
 Oxide oj Manganese, at this place, about 30 m. from St. 
 John's, of good quality, and abundant. (C.) 
 
263 
 
 LOWER CANADA. 
 
 BATISCAN. 
 
 Iron Sand, granular, in great quantities. ($il. 8.15.) 
 Meadow Iron Ore, strewn on the ground in marshes and 
 
 woods. 
 Bog Iron Ore. (Sil. 8.16.) 
 
 BEAUFORT. 
 
 Fetid Transition Limestone, between Quebec and Montmo- 
 rency, in regular, and nearly horizontal strata ; it is black 
 and employed as building stone or burnt to lime. (C.) 
 
 CAPE DIAMOND. 
 
 Fluate of Lime, near Quebec, it occurs in 
 Fetid Limestone, with quartz and acicular carbonate of lime. 
 Limpid Quartz, in crystals, sometimes perfect, occurs in 
 Clay Slate. (C.) 
 
 Coal, in minute seams, jet black, in black transition lime- 
 stone, (Ail. 8.14.) 
 
 CAPE EAGLE. See MALBAY. 
 CAPE TOURMENT. 
 
 Schorl (Sil. 8.61.) 
 
 Mica, in plates 1 foot in diameter, in porphyritic granite. 
 
 (Sil. 8 68.) 
 
 Calcareous Spar, white, in veins in the gneiss. (bil. 8.70.) 
 Scaly Graphite, at the fort, in bowlders of white feldspar, 
 
 disseminated in small crusts or scales. (Sil. 8.74.) 
 
 GASPE DISTRICT. 
 
 Carnelian, 450 m. below Quebec, in rolled masses, white, 
 red, yellow, brown ; color uniform or in clouds ; transpa- 
 rency and lustre excellent. (Citrine, Yellow Quartz, men- 
 tioned under Missouri as being found along the banks of 
 the Mississippi, is undoubtedly the same mineral.) 
 
 Fortification Agate, in pebbles on the sea shore. ( Sil. 8.64. ) 
 
 LA. CHINE. SEE MONTREAL. 
 
264 LOWER CANADA. 
 
 LA PRAIRIE. 
 
 Common Augite, in the trap around this village, in aciculai 
 crystals. (Sil. 8.70.; 
 
 MALBAY. 
 
 Hornblende, and 
 
 Garnet, in granite along the eastern shore of the bay. (Sil. 
 5.215.; Towards Cape Eagle the garnets are so abundant 
 as to form the greater part of the rock for several hundred 
 yards. They are obscurely crystallized or massive, some- 
 times 8 inches in diameter, in a coarse, black, mica slate. 
 (SU. 5.217.; 
 
 Calcareous Spar, a transverse vein in gneiss, mottled, white, 
 green, and red, 18 inches thick, and intersected obliquely 
 by a vein of white quartz (3 inches thick, at the Riviere des 
 Trots Saumons, 9 m. below Malbay. (Sil. 5.218.) 
 
 Schorl, ('il. 8.6 \.) 
 
 Precious Garnets, 90 m. below Quebec, where they form rock 
 masses, in closely aggregated crystals, sometimes 8 inches 
 in diameter. (Sil. 8.62.; 
 
 MONTMORENCY FALLS. 
 
 Yellow Sulphuret of Zinc, in imbedded crystalline masses, 
 and in nodules, each weighing some ounces, in the Shell 
 Limestone of the Falls, beautiful specimens, coated with 
 white quartz, about 7 m. below Quebec. (Sil. 8.76.; 
 
 Ammonite, a small kind occurs here, deeply striated, and in- 
 vested with nacre, or spathose substance, (Sil. 8.84.) 
 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 fetid Transition Limestone, near, compact in horizonal stra- 
 ta, and contains organic remains ; it is black and employed 
 as a building stone, or burnt to lime. 
 
 Jlugite, imbedded in a hornblende rock, which forms the sum- 
 mit of a mountain near ; the crystals are sometimes green- 
 ish black eight sided prisms, about half an inch long. 
 
 Hornblende, on the summit of a mountain near, in large mass- 
 es, either pure, or forming an aggregate with quartz ; the 
 base of the mountain is limestone. (C.) 
 
 Epidote, in trap, in druses of acicular crystals. It fe of uni- 
 versal occurrence in the gneiss and granite of Canada. 
 (Sil. 8.62.; 
 
 Zeolite, white, fibrous, in the druses of the trap mountain of 
 
LOWER CANADA. 265 
 
 of Montreal, associated with tables of Feldspar, 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, and 
 
 Chabasie. (*M. 8.65.J 
 
 Basaltic Hornblende, in Montreal mountain, in a compact trap ; 
 the terminations project and display the four trapezoidal 
 faces, corresponding to four of the latteral planes, as is 
 common in this mineral. (Sil. 8. 68.J 
 
 Common Jlugite, imbedded in the trap of Montreal mountain. 
 
 Caccolite, on the shores of the St. Lawrence, green, in round- 
 ed grains, in white, 
 
 Calcareous Spar, rolled. 
 
 Marble occurs in the neighborhood of Berthier, 40 m. N. E. 
 from Montreal, white, highly crystalline, and often contains 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, minutely disseminated. 
 
 Fibrous Arragonite at La Chine, 8 m. W. from Montreal, in 
 veins one inch thick composed of two tables, one of which 
 is white and slightly translucent, the other is white, hyaline, 
 with high translucency, in 
 
 Compact Secondary Limestone, which forms a horizontal gir- 
 dle around the trap mountain of Montreal, its upper strata 
 brown and crystalline, but black, compact, and slaty be- 
 Jow, containing organic remains in immense quantities. 
 (Sil. 8.70.) 
 
 Fluate of Lime, in the secondary limestone filling fissures in 
 the calcareo-quartzose veins common at the foot of the 
 mountain ; purple and massive. (Sil. 8.72.) 
 
 J\lagnetic Oxide of Iron, in the trap of Montreal mountain, in 
 small quantity. (Sil. S.75.J 
 
 Yellow Blende, fine specimens coated with white quartz, in 
 imbedded crystalline masses, and in nodules, each weigh- 
 ing some ounces, in limestone. (Sil. 8.76.J 
 
 QUEBEC. 
 
 Rock Crystal, in the fissures and cavities of the Limestone, in- 
 extraordinary quantities, and of great brilliance. They are 
 generally superimposed latterally, or terminally, seldom im- 
 bedded, usually in perfect prisms, often flattened, and fre- 
 quently the prisrn disappears, leaving a dodecahedron, col- 
 orless or dark smoke, brown, and in rare instances contain 
 a drop of pale, bituminous liquid. (Sil. 8.63.^ 
 
 Coal, in minute seams, jet black, in the cliffs of the Grand 
 Battery, in black transition limestone. (Sil. 8.74.) 
 34 
 
266 UPPER CANADA. 
 
 Brown Coccolite is found at the Bay of St. Paul, below Que- 
 bec, (a) 
 
 Fluate of Lime, 60 m. below Quebec, in the ravine of the 
 stream which turns the seignioral mill, disseminated plenti- 
 fully in green crystalline masses, in 
 
 White Marble, which is a thin layer in 
 
 Compact Blue Limestone, alternating with gneiss. (Sil. $.11.) 
 
 Magnetic Iron Ore. Granular masses occur in the gneiss of 
 this Bay. (Sil. 8.75.) 
 
 Bog Iron Ore. (Sil. 8.76.) 
 
 THREE RIVERS. 
 
 Meadow Iron Ore, strewn on the ground in marshes and 
 
 woods. 
 Bog Iron Ore. (Sil. 8.76.J 
 
 UPPER CANADA. 
 
 CROW LAKE. 
 
 Common Actynolite, 30 m. N. from Lake Ontario, in the- 
 
 township of Marmora. (Sil. 8.68.J 
 
 Variegated Copper Pyrites, in abundance among the beds of 
 Magnetic Iron Ore, in the township of Marmora. The py- 
 rites has a purple tarnish. (Sil. 8.76.J The magnetic 
 iron ore is fine granular, sometimes in groups of large oc- 
 tahedrons, 30 m. N. from Lake Ontario. (Sil. 8.15.) 
 
 Ammonite ; casts are plentiful at the E. end of the Island. 
 (SU. 8.84.) 
 
 EAST LAKE. 
 
 Jasper, in the East Lake, on the height of land between Lake 
 Superior and Hudson's Bay, about 70 m. from the Grand 
 Portage of Lake Superior, considerable deposits in trap, 
 marbled in a beautiful manner with green and red. (Sil. 
 8,64.) 
 
UPPER CANADA. 267 
 
 Foliated Galena, in the limestone of the river Ouse, of the 
 N. shore of Lake Erie. (Sil. 8.76.) 
 
 ENCAMPMENT DOUCE. See LAKE HURON. 
 FORT WELLINGTON. 
 
 Anthophyllite, well characterized in a large rolled aggregate of 
 
 Crystallized Quartz. 
 
 Calcareous Spar, and Apatite. (Sil. 8.69.J 
 
 Coccolite. (Sil. 8.70.) 
 
 Apatite, in a rolled aggregate of quartz, anthophyllite, and 
 calcareous spar, in 6 sided prisms, from to i of an inch 
 in diameter, usually short, confusedly aggregated. (Sil. 
 8.71.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, foliated, in large rolled lumps in the allu- 
 vion or diluvion of Fort Wellington. (Sil. S.76.J 
 
 Ammonite, very abundant in the brown limestone near the 
 Fort, and at the head of Lake St. Francis. 
 
 GRAND CALUMET. See OTTAWA RIVER. 
 GUN FLINT LAKE. 
 
 Jasper, red with rusty brown spots, on the N. shore, in trap, 
 in considerable quantities, about 70 m. from the Grand 
 Portage of Lake Superior, towards Hudson's Bay. (Sil. 
 8.64.) 
 
 Glassy Feldspar, in greenstone porphyry in 6 sided prisms ; 
 also, equiangular, sometimes 1| inches long and 1 inch di- 
 ameter. (Sil. 8.65.) 
 
 HAWKSBURY. See OTTAWA RIVER. 
 
 Selenite is found abundantly in large, transparent masses in the 
 Limestone of this Bay, which is horizontal. (Sil. 8.71.) 
 
 KINGSTON. 
 
 Compact Limestone, brown and blue, without shells, and 
 Tremolite, abounding in the above limestone. (Sil. 3.266 .) 
 Labrador Feldspar, solitary masses may be found on the N. 
 
 shore of Lake Ontario. (Sil. 8.67.J 
 Sulphate of Strontian, foliated in rounded, imbedded masses, 
 
268 UPPER CANADA. 
 
 from 1 to 6 miles (inches?) in diameter, in horizontal 
 azoophitic limestone, 2 m. N. E. from Kingston, on the 
 shore of Lake Ontario. It is white, faintly translucent, and 
 in large crystalline facets, very abundant. (Sti. 8.72.) Fi- 
 brous sulphate of strontian, of a white, or sky blue color is 
 imbedded in the limestone, in balls from 1 to 12 inches in 
 diameter, solitarily, or forming a confused aggregate with 
 white calcareous spar, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in cubes. (SiL 8.73.) 
 
 Graphite, granular, in considerable quantities, on a creek, 3 
 m. E. of Kington. (Sil. 8.74.) 
 
 Foliated Galena, abundant in the gneiss and granite in the 
 rear of Kingston. (Sil. 8.76.J 
 
 LACROIX RIVER. 
 
 Staurotide, in Lacroix River, (or Nay may can) the outlet of 
 Lake Lacroix, which is N. W. of the Grand Portage, on 
 Lake Superior, in gneiss, in the second Portage from the 
 Lake, frequently 1 inch long and | of an inch broad ; abun- 
 dant, and in excellent condition. (Sil. 8.63J 
 
 LAKE CHAT. See OTTAWA RIVER. 
 LAKE ERIE. 
 
 Fibrous Gypsum, in limestone, on the River Ouse, which en- 
 ters Lake Erie on the N. shore. (Sil. 8.71.) 
 
 Bitumen, impregnating the 
 
 Fetid Brown Limestone, on the S. shore of Lake Erie. (Sil. 
 8.74.) 
 
 LAKE HURON. 
 
 Hornblende, nearly pure in the greenstone formation of an 
 island in the N. W. of Lake Huron. 
 
 Ligneous Asbeslus, in thin veins traversing the foregoing rock 
 for some yards. 
 
 Quartz, in the above rock, in vertical veins 6 inches in diam- 
 eter, containing cavities lined with hexahedral prisms of 
 great size. 
 
 Yellow Quartz Crystals, in concave portions of the above 
 rock, in round congeries of a brilliant honey yellow. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in a thready vein 3 yards long dipping ob- 
 liquely into the rock. 
 
UPPER CANADA. 269 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in the same rock. 
 
 Pyritous Copper, in the bluff at the lower end of the Nar- 
 rows, in a seam of quartz in greenstone, massive and in oc- 
 tahedral crystals. (bil 3.260.) 
 
 Red Quartzose Prisms, brilliant and well formed in the fis- 
 sures of a quartz rock near the rapids formed by two islets. 
 
 Jasper, red and brown, in nodules, mingled with round peb- 
 bles of white and black quartz, forming a conglomerate, in 
 blocks, at Encampment Douce, and along the N. W. por- 
 tion of Lake Huron. 
 
 Hematite, black and brown in small portions, and 
 
 Quartz Crystallized, in the rock of Encampment Douce. 
 (Stt. 3.262.) 
 
 Schorl, N. E. coast of Lake Huron, in two distant places. 
 (Sil. 8.61.) 
 
 Epidote, in the rolled amygdaloids frequent in this lake, stel- 
 lated, radiated, and acicular. It is of universal occurrence 
 in the gneiss and granite of Canada. (Sil. 8.62.) 
 
 Precious Garnet, in gneiss and mica slate, very abundant. 
 (Sil. 8.62.) 
 
 Rock Crystals, in transition greenstone. (SU. 8.63.) 
 
 Fortification Jlgate, imbedded in rolled masses of amygda- 
 loid. 
 
 Striped Jasper, N. W. of Lake Huron, as nodules in transi- 
 tion quartz rocks, grain fine, color good, red, brown, yel- 
 low, green, white, black. Common jasper is present with 
 the striped variety. (Sil. 8.64.) 
 
 Aventurine Feldspar, N. E. shore, 20 m. E. of French 
 River. It is a pale flesh red feldspar, largely crystallized, 
 and forming a part of a vein of porphyritic granite of great 
 size, traversing gneiss. It is almost every where full of 
 brilliant golden points, which sparkle with increased force, 
 if held in particular ligh's. 
 
 Glassy Feldspar, in greenstone porphyry, in splendent, trans- 
 parent, imbedded, 4 sided prisms, of a pale wine yellow 
 color. (Sit. 8.65.) 
 
 Labrador Feldspar, on the N. E. coast of the lake, 60 m. 
 W. from Penetanguishine, a British naval station, and 90 
 rn. E. from the French River, in rock masses, constituting 
 the islands and main of this intricate country. It has a 
 remarkable lustre and transparency, the feldspar constituting 
 nearly the whole mass ; but it always contains slender 
 
270 UPPER CANADA. 
 
 strings of greenish hornblende, without any particular di- 
 rection, and some small but brilliant 
 
 Garnets. A vein of massive garnet was observed 1 foot 
 thick, in an isle 3 m. from the Labrador feldspar. ' This 
 feldspar is of a greenish, bluish, and hyaline grey, in facets 
 usually about i an inch in diameter, but often much larger. 
 The iridescence is purple, green, and rarely flame colored, 
 and is only observed in a few solitary spots until dipped 
 in water, or polished, when it overspreads nearly the whole 
 mass. Bowlders of Labrador feldspar are scattered over 
 an extensive range of country. (Sil. 8.67.) 
 
 Mica, in plates 1 fool in diameter on the N. E. shore, 50 m. 
 E. of French River. 
 
 Chlorite Earth, coarse, earthy, soft, fissile, slightly slaty, and 
 contains 
 
 Octahedral Crystals of Iron Ore, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in cubes, near Sagamuc River. Chlo- 
 rite earth is found in gneiss 3 m. N. from the Giant's 
 Tomb, on a barren islet. 
 
 Common Serpentine, rolled. 
 
 Ligneous Asbestus, N. W. coast of the Lake, in veins travers- 
 ing transition greenstone. 
 
 Basaltic Hornblende, in a compact trap. (Sil. 8.68.) 
 
 Fibrous Gypsum, near Cabot's Head, in Lake Huron. 
 
 Selenite, on the Great Manitouline, in this Lake, in nodular 
 geodes, whose sides are brown limestone, wholly occupied 
 by 
 
 Favosite. The same geode sometimes contains radiated 
 
 Celestim. (Sil. 8.11.) 
 
 Bitumen impregnating the 
 
 Fetid Limestone, N. W. of Lake Huron. (Sil. 8.74.J 
 
 Copper Pyrites, disseminated in gneiss on the N. E. coast, 
 and imbedded in a vein of quartz traversing greenstone at 
 the foot of the narrows of Pelletau in the N. W. of this 
 lake. It occurs in amorphous masses in various parts of 
 Lake Huron, (toil. 8.75.J 
 
 Foliated Galenfy imbedded in the transition quarts of La 
 Cloche, on the N. shore of Lake Huron, in thready veins 
 in the transition greenstone of the N. W. main of this 
 lake. (Sil. 8.76.J 
 
 .Ammonite, very abundant, on the isles of the N. shore. (Sil. 
 &.S4.J 
 
UPPER CANADA. 271 
 
 LAKE ONTARIO. 
 
 Milky Quartz, in the outlet of this lake 4 m. below Kingston, 
 in large strata, subordinate and conformable to gneiss, and 
 in the calcareous pudding-stone covering it. (Sil. 8.63.J 
 
 Marble, in bowlders along the N. shore of the lake, derived 
 perhaps from Marmora, up the river Trent, where this rock 
 exists, white, highly crystalline, and often contains 
 
 Sulphuret of JLead, minutely disseminated. (Sil. 8.70.) 
 
 Muriate of Soda. Springs of this salt have been discovered 
 along the whole north shore of JLake Ontario. (Sil. S.73.J 
 
 Ammonite, abundant. (Sil. 8.84.) 
 
 LAKE SI3ICOE. 
 
 Common Serpentine. (Sil. 8.68.) 
 
 Fibrous Sulphate of Strontidn, in druses, in the brown fine- 
 grained limestone of the Narrows of Lake Simcoe, towards 
 the River Severn, which discharges into Lake Huron, on 
 white calcareous spar and Quartz Crystals. (Sil, 8.73.) 
 
 Ammonite, abundant. (Sil. 8.84.) 
 
 LAKE SUPERIOR. 
 
 Precious Garnet, in gneiss and mica slate, rare in this lake 
 and in the countries immediately north. (SiL 8.62.) 
 
 Amethyst, on the N. shore of this lake, and in the adjacent 
 islands in six sided prisms of good color, in druses, and 
 geodes of amygdaloid. 
 
 Rock Crystal, in amygdaloid, &ic. 
 
 Radiated Quartz, at Point Marmoaze, in amygdaloid, nearly 
 filling a geode with imperfect crystals, radiating in a Stella- 
 lar form from three centres. (Sil. 8.63.) 
 
 Chalcedony, near Gravel Point, in clay porphyry, in veins. 
 At Points Gargantua and Marmoaze, and in the district of 
 Mammelles, in this lake, as botryoidal coatings to druses 
 in amygdaloid. 
 
 Carnelian, in the amygdaloid, and its accompanying conglom- 
 erate. Its usual color is .delicate red. 
 
 fortification Agate, in the porphyry, and plentiful, large and 
 fine, in the amygdaloid. 
 
 Pitchstone, in Michipicoton Bay, in large rolled masses, ren- 
 dered porphyritic in parts by Glassy Feldspar. It is jet 
 black. The fixed rock of the locality is greenstone ; but 
 
272 UPPER CANADA. 
 
 those of the opposite (southern) shore of the Bay are amyg- 
 daloid and sandstone. 
 
 Fibrous Prehnite, at Point Marmoaze, as small mammillary 
 coatings on druses, and in amorphous masses. Also in 
 the Pay Plat of this lake, of a fine color. 
 
 Radiated Zeolite, at Gargantua, brownish red, imbedded in 
 trap, without the intervention of any other mineral ; and 
 bright flesh red in masses of Calcareous Spar ; the radiating 
 fibres passing at the circumference insensibly into calcare- 
 ous spar. It is very handsome, and is almost identical with 
 the Italian zeolite. Also at Point Mormoaze in amygda- 
 loid, colors brownish red, bright flesh red, and green. (Sil, 
 8.64.) 
 
 Stilbite, in the amygdaloid of the north shore of this lake. It 
 is red, indistinctly crystallized, incrusting nodules of calca- 
 reous spar and lining druses. It occurs likewise in the 
 conglomerate, interstratified with the amygdaloid. (Sil. 
 8.65.) 
 
 Glassy Feldspar, in pitchstone porphyry, in splendent, trans- 
 parent, imbedded 4 sided prisms, of a pale wine yellow col- 
 or. (SU. 8 65.J 
 
 Green Earth, in amygdaloid, in coatings, and disseminated. 
 (Sil. 8.68.) 
 
 Calcareous Spar, abundant, in the sienite and greenstone. 
 
 Satin Spar, in the amygdaloid at Point Marmoaze, in veins 
 from j to 1 inch thick, vertical, running obliquely to the 
 stratification, several in company, nearly parallel, and ram- 
 ifying rectangularly. These veins consist of two tables, 
 separated by a rift in the middle, white, occasionally with 
 a slight tinge of red. Also in the Pay Plat, and in the 
 trap of the Outard Cliff overlooking the lake of that name, 
 N. of Lake Superior. (Sil. 8.70.) " 
 
 Finale of Lime, plentiful in the sienite of the north mainland, 
 opposite Peck Island, and likewise 6 m. E. of the Written 
 Rocks, filling fissures, purple, translucent, crystalline, and 
 separated from the sides of the cleft by a film of while, cal- 
 careous spar. Also in amygdaloidal trap, on calcareous spar, 
 3 m. E. of Point Gargantua, purple and green. It is abun- 
 dant, lining fissures, together with the 
 
 Sulphate of Barytes, which appears to be the grey, straight, 
 lamellar sulphate, in the porphyry of the large and lofty 
 island, 8 in. E. of Gravelly Point, and 63 m. E.from Fort 
 
UPPER CANADA. 273 
 
 William. The fluor is here green, and highly translucent, 
 sometimes in handsome groups of well defined octahedral 
 crystals. (Sil. 8.72.) 
 
 Copper Pyrites is not uncommon, (but always in small quan- 
 tity,) in the druses of prehnite, zeolite, and calcareous spar, 
 so common in the amygdaloid of the north shore. At 
 Point Perquaquia, on the N. side of Michipicoton Bay, it 
 exists in a vein of quartz in greenstone. (Sil. 8.75.) 
 
 LAKE OF THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. 
 
 Schorl , in this lake, below Kingston. (Sil. 8.6 1.) 
 
 LAKE OF THE WOODS. 
 
 Chlorite Earth, a vein in greenstone, from 9 to 12 inches 
 
 thick, containing 
 Octahedral Iron, and 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in cubes. (Sil. 8.68.) 
 
 MARMORA. See CROW LAKE. 
 MICHILIMACKINAC. 
 
 Compact Limestone, in the N. W. half of the long side of th 
 
 Island, containing a few blue and white striped 
 Flints, which are broken, small and angular. (Sil. 3.268.) 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS. 
 
 Fibrous Sulphate of Strontian, drusy, in the limestone of the 
 chasm of the Falls of Niagara. (Sil. 8.13.) 
 
 Sulphur, in yellow pulverulent efflorescences, and in tufts of 
 minute capillary crystals, coats the moist, calcareous shale, 
 at the foot of the horse-shoe fall of Niagara, and within 
 the curtain of falling water. (Sil. 8.74.) 
 
 Foliated Galena occurs sparingly in the limestone of the 
 Falls. (Sil. 8.76.; 
 
 Yellow Blende, in imbedded, crystalline masses, in the lime- 
 stone of the Falls, beautiful, coated with white quartz. 
 (Sil. 8.76.J 
 
 OTTAWA RIVER. 
 
 Axinitt is said to have been found high up this river, or Iro- 
 quois. (C.) This locality is at Hawksbury, on this river, 
 60 m. N. W. from Montreal, lining a drusy cavity, in a 
 35 
 
274 UPPER CANADA, 
 
 rolled primitive mass, in finely characterized, though rath- 
 er small, rhomboidal, opaque, 4 sided tables, (toil. 8 62.J 
 Mica, at the Portage of the Grand Calumet, 200 m. from 
 Montreal, in what is supposed to be Dolomite, subordinate 
 to Primitive While Marble, in 6 sided tables a foot in di- 
 ameter. (Sil. 8.67.) 
 
 Common Serpentine, at Greenville, on the Ottawa, 65 m. 
 N. W. from Montreal, and at Gananoque, 20 m. below 
 Kingston, in large and small irregular masses, in a calcare- 
 ous cement. (Sil. 8.68.) 
 
 Sahlite, at Hawksbury, a very large rolled mass intermixed 
 with quartz, and containing imbedded 
 
 Silica-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium. 
 
 Calcareous Spar is found at the Grand Calumet, in 
 
 Primitive Marble. The calcareous spar occurs in sky blue, 
 transparent masses, with striae indicative of a cleavage par- 
 ellel to the diagonal of its rhomb. 
 
 Marble occurs on the W. branch of the Ottawa, leading to- 
 wards Lake Nipissing 450 m. N. W. from Montreal. Also 
 at Lake Chat on the Ottawa, and the parts of this river 
 about the Portages de la Montagne and Grand Calumet, in 
 all these instances subordinate to gneiss. Jt is every where 
 white, highly crystalline, and often contains 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, minutely disseminated. (Sil. 8.70.) 
 
 Sulphate of Strontian, in horizontal limestone, on the right 
 bank of the Ottawa, near the head of the Long Sault, 60 
 m. from Montreal, in small, oblique, 4 sided prisms, su- 
 perimposed on white calcareous spar, sky blue, transpa- 
 rent, and with brokrn acuminations. (Sil. 8.72.J 
 
 Scaly Graphite, in the township of Hawksbury, in large bowl- 
 ders of translucent quartz, disseminated in small crusts or 
 scales. (Sil. 8.74.; 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron abounds near the Falls of the Chau- 
 diere. (Sil. 8.15.) 
 
 Specular Iron Ore, at Hawksbury, coating granitic bowlders, 
 in amorphous masses. 
 
 Silico-Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, in a rolled aggregate, 
 many tons in weight, of white crystalline quartz and sah- 
 lite, imbedded in the quartz, in oblique tetrahedral prisms. 
 a. 8.76.) 
 
 POINT MARMOAZE. See LAKE SUPERIOR. 
 
UPPER CANADA. 275 
 
 PRESCOT. 
 
 Apatite, on the St. Lawrence, in light blue, 6 sided prisms, 
 sometimes truncated on the terminal edges, in white lime- 
 stone. (C.) 
 
 RAINY LAKE. 
 
 Beryl, 230 m. N. from Lake Superior, imbedded in a por- 
 phyritic granite, in which a brown feldspar is predominant, 
 the mica being black and scanty, on the E. side of the 
 lake. (Sil. 8.61.; 
 
 Staurotide, in gneiss, in extremely small, very oblique 4 sided, 
 and in 6 sided prisms, and in twin crystals, abundant. 
 (Sti. 8.62.) 
 
 Chlorite Earth, slightly slaty, containing 
 
 Octahedral Crystals of Iron Ore, and 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in cubes. (Sil. 8.68.) 
 
 TEO. See THOUSAND ISLANDS. 
 THOUSAND ISLANDS. 
 
 Schorl, in the Island of Teo, in the St. Lawrence, in very 
 large, imperfect crystals in granite. (C.) Schorl abounds 
 in the puddingstone of these Islands, interposed between 
 gneiss and the horizontal limestone. The most remarka- 
 ble locality is on Yeo's Island, near the upper end of Tar 
 Island, and on the S. side of the English Channel. On 
 the S. W portion of Yeo Island, on the face of a shelving 
 mound of bleached, close grained granite, is situated the 
 bed of schorl, 12 paces in diameter, and nearly circular. 
 The schorl is intermixed in shapeless masses, of from 1 to 
 3 feet in diameter, with white, translucent quartz, opaque, 
 cream colored feldspar, and greenish yellow mica. Schorl 
 is met with in other parts of the island, in 6 sided prisms, 
 of 4 and 8 inches in length, imbedded in veins of quartz 
 and feldspar, coarsely mixed in gneiss. (Sil. 8.62.J 
 
 YEO. See THOUSAND ISLANDS. 
 YONGE. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, a vein 1| foot thick, in primitive quartz, 
 at the bottom of a round cavity about 12 feet in diameter, 
 in a mound of quartz in the woods -J a m. N. from the high 
 road from Montreal to Kingston, and 10 m. above Brock- 
 
276 LABRADOR. 
 
 ville. The sides of the cavity are studded with iron py- 
 rites, and profusely invested by a yellow and white efflo- 
 rescence, and by acicular crystals, of an aluminous salt. 
 Octahedral Crystals of pyrites nearly 2 inches in diameter 
 have been obtained here. (Sil. 8.75.) 
 
 YORK. 
 
 Glassy Actynolite, in a rolled aggregate of Petalite, quartz, 
 
 Tremolite, and calcareous spar. The actynolite forms a very 
 handsome group of crystals, of a fine green color, cement- 
 ed together by lamellar carbonate of lime. (Sil. 8.68.) 
 
 Glassy Tremolite, in while, glassy, short, and indistinct, di- 
 verging fibres, dispersed among the petalite, minutely, and 
 in large masses. 
 
 Petalite. This rare mineral, not hitherlo found on this con- 
 tinent, occurs on the N. shore of Lake Ontario, on the 
 beach in front of York, a few yards to the right of the 
 wharf, used by the steam boat Frontenac. It is a rolled 
 mass weighing about a ton, and has much glassy tremolite 
 interspersed, and two large veins of irregular shape, of an 
 aggregate of actynolite and calcareous spar. Close to this 
 bowlder lies one still larger of the 
 
 Ophrcalce family from Grenvitle, or Gananoque, and strewn 
 around are some 
 
 Labrador Feldspar. 
 
 Crystalline Quarts, in nodules, in the clayey alluvion. 
 
 Clay, grey and blue, now and then alternating with horizon- 
 tal bands of Ferruginous Sand, constituting the " Burling- 
 ton Heights" and the very picturesque cliffs of the " York 
 Highlands," 300 feet high. (Sil. 8.69.) 
 
 LABRADOR. 
 
 Labrador Feldspar. Labrador stone was discovered by thft 
 Moravians in the Island of St. Paul, on the coast of Labra- 
 dor, where it exists in considerable quantities, its princi- 
 pal color is smoke grey, which passes into ash and yellow- 
 
LABRADOR. 277 
 
 ish grey. It exhibits, when held in a determinate position, a 
 great variety of colors, as blue, green, yellow, red, and brown. 
 
 Labrador Hornblende is found in the island of St. Paul, on 
 the coast of Labrador ; it occurs massive, disseminated and 
 in rolled pieces, in large, coarse, small, and sometimes 
 thin, lamellar, distinct concretions. (Jameson's Mineralogy, 
 1S04.J It commonly presents, in certain lights, the lustre 
 of polished copper. 
 
 Opalescent Feldspar, or Labrador feldspar, was first found on 
 the Island of St. Paul, in rounded fragments of sienite, with 
 hypersthene and magnetic iron. 
 
 Hypersthene was first observed here, and hence received the 
 name of Labrador hornblende. It occurs as an ingredient 
 of a rock, in which it is associated with opalescent feldspar, 
 and sometimes with hornblende and rnsgnetic iron. (C.) 
 
 Latrobite, on Amitock Island, near the coast of Labrador. It 
 occurs massive and crystallized, of a pale pink red color, 
 accompanied by mica, and carbonate of lime, and imbed- 
 ded in a greyish colored substance. (Phillips' Mineralogy. 
 3d Ed. 1823J 
 
 Green Feldspar, or Amazon stone, same place. (Latrobe.) 
 
 Smoky Quartz. 
 
 Cryolite, snow white, and ferruginous, imbedded in gneiss. 
 
 Jlvanturine Feldspar. This curious property, or spangling 
 appearance, purple or brassy, is found in some of the opa- 
 lescent pebbles. 
 
 Hornblende, associated with, and resembling hypersthene. 
 
 Smaragdite, abounding in quartz. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Titaniferous Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Octahedrite, in a talcose slate. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
AN 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 CONTAINING LOCALITIES, WHICH WERE RECEIVED TOO LATE 
 TO BE INSERTED IN THEIR PROPER PLACES. TflEY ARE 
 ARRANGED IN THE SAME ORDER, AS IN THE BODY OF THE 
 
 WORK. 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 BATH. 
 
 Quartz, finely crystallized, and 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, on Arousie island. (Prof. Cleave- 
 
 land.) 
 
 BRUNSWICK. 
 Silico- Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, in an aggregate of 
 
 quartz and hornblende. (Prof. Cleaveland.) 
 Fibrolite, (or Cummingtonite,) in brittle, radiating fibres in 
 
 gneiss, at Basin Falls, near the locality of oxide of molyb- 
 
 dena. ( T. Nuttall.) 
 
 COLUMBIA. 
 
 Amianthus. (Prof. Cleaveland.) 
 
 EXETER. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, with quartz. (Prof. Cleaveland.) 
 
 LETTER E. 
 
 Made, in argillite. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, in thick crusts. (Prof. Cleaveland.) 
 
 PARIS. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, associated with quartz. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, crystals occasionally containing drops of 
 
 moveable fluid. 
 
 Rose Quartz, extremely beautiful. 
 Pseudomorphous Steatite, supposed to be pinite, presenting 
 
 the form of the tourmaline. 
 Basalt, in veins of columnar masses from 1 to 2 feet wide, 
 
NEW HAMPSHIRE. 279 
 
 traversing many of the granite ledges in this vicinity in a 
 northerly and southerly direction. 
 
 Oxide of Tungsten, forming yellow stains over other minerals. 
 
 Ferruginous Tungsten. A very fine and large crystal was 
 found by Dr. Holmes. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 Feldspar, passing into 
 
 Mularia, of a blueish color. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, in a swamp adhering to the surfaces of the 
 rock, in mammillary formations, and also loose in the soil, 
 in small, globular masses, that break easily, and exhibit a 
 fine blue color. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, in strata of gneiss, accompanied with 
 
 Mctynolite, and 
 
 Hornblende. 
 
 Quartz Crystallized, abundant. Transparent quartz, imbed- 
 ded in a beautiful white feldspar, forming superb speci- 
 mens of Graphic Granite. 
 
 Chalcedony, of a milky appearance, and adhering to the sur- 
 face of quartz. 
 
 Hornstone, fine specimens imbedded in the feldspar. 
 
 Talc, mixed with quartz, white, and also fine apple green 
 color. (Oxford Observer, Sept. 2, 1824.J 
 
 RUMFORD. 
 
 Crystallized Mica, in uncommonly regular, 6 sided tables. 
 (Prof. Cleavelmd.) 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 LITTLETON. 
 
 Variegated Marble, and 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, have recently been discovered. 
 
 Sulphur, in springs. (Sil. 8.179.J 
 
 MOUNT WASHINGTON. 
 
 Cyanite, perfectly white or colorless, and glassy. 
 
 Staurotide, in small, single crystals, accompanying the cyanite, 
 
 and resembling that of St.Gothard, imbedded in mica slate. 
 
 ( T. Nuttall) 
 
280 VERMONT. MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 BRATTLEBOROUGH. 
 
 Smoky Quartz ? Amorphous. (Sil. 6. 213.; 
 
 Schorl, (mentioned in Cleaveland as occurring in Dummer- 
 ston,) is found, near the centre of the town, in mica slate 
 or hornblende slate ; also near the N. line of the town, in 
 common white quartz, quite beautiful and abundant. (Sil. 
 6.220.; 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, in quartz, mica slate, and tremolite. 
 This mineral may be found in almost any spot between 
 Con way and Brattleborough, a distance of 30 m. on a strip 
 several miles wide. 
 
 SUico Calcareous Oxide of Titanium, near the N. line of the 
 town, in a bowlder of granite, which has flesh colored feld- 
 spar. (Sil. 6.236.) 
 
 GUILFORD. 
 
 Chlorite Slate occurs in beds in clay slate. (Sil. 6.28.) 
 
 PLYMOUTH. 
 
 Carbonate of Iron, near the m. h. in a vein 2 or 3 feet wide. 
 (SSL 9.22.) 
 
 POWNAL. 
 
 Granular Limestone. (Sil. 8.14.) 
 
 SHOREHAM. 
 
 Magnesian Carbonate of Lime, crystallized, transparent, and 
 beautiful. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 WHITINGHAM. 
 
 Chlorite Slate, nearly pure chlorite, distinctly stratified. (Sil. 
 6.28.; 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 AB1NGTON. 
 
 Smoky Quartz, in good crystals, found in digging a well. 
 (J. Porter.) 
 
 ASHFIELD. 
 
 Scapolite, discovered by Morris Dwight of Williamsburg. 
 ( J. Porter.) 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 28 1 
 
 BECKEf. 
 
 Granular Limestone. (SiL 8.13.) 
 
 BERLIN. 
 
 Bog Iron Ore, in a Jmeadow, in great abundance. (C. T. 
 Jackson.) 
 
 BLANDFORD. 
 
 Anthophyllite, both massive and in long acicular prisms, 
 which are generally disposed in a radiating form ; its color 
 hair brown of various shades, constituting the greater part of 
 a green talcose rock, having a slaty structure, with veins of 
 serpentine of a dark color, running through it in various 
 directions. (J. W. W. 2.395.) 
 
 BOLTON. 
 
 The substance mentioned under Bolton, page 37, as resem- 
 bling serpentine, and supposed to be a variety of brucite, 
 if not the 
 
 Pyrallolite, will probably prove a new substance, the rhom- 
 boidal prisms which its cleavage presents being of different 
 angles with the brucite. 
 
 Spinelle, dark green, or blackish, and greyish blue, crystalliz- 
 ed and amorphous. 
 
 Orthite ? in minute crystals, with the Nuttallite and scapolite. 
 
 Petalite, associated with the Nuttallite, &c. We have obtain- 
 ed 3 to 4 per cent of lithia from this mineral. 
 
 Pargasite, disseminated in the limestone. 
 
 Brown Hornblende, associated with the spinelle, and occur- 
 ring in almost all the localities of spinelle hitherto discover- 
 ed in the United States. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 Rhomb Spar, in limestone. 
 
 Pinite, in granite. (C. T. Jackson.) 
 
 BOXBOROUGH. 
 
 Spinelle Ruby was discovered for the first time in New Eng- 
 land, in Sept. 1824, in the 
 
 Foliated Limestone, in this town, which is quarried for lime. 
 The colors of the spinelle then obtained almost exactly 
 resembled that of Oker in Sweden, being of a bluish grey, 
 sometimes inclining to rose red, and when small, highly 
 translucent ; also of a dark green, approaching to black, 
 and sometimes inclining to blue ; one specimen was found 
 of a red approaching carmine, and also white. 
 
 Lilac Scapolite. Imbedded in the quartzy scapolite of this 
 place were found rhomboidal specks and rhomboidal crys- 
 36 
 
282 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 tals, of a blackish brown, and sometimes greenish brow* 
 substance, with a resinous lustre and conchoidal fracture, 
 which to all appearance resembled 
 
 Gadoliniiet or orthite. Unlike gadolinite, it proved very 
 fusible with intumescence, and may more probably be 
 
 Orthite. Brown Hornblende, associated with the spinelle, &c. 
 
 Garnet, discovered at the same time at this locality possesses 
 an uncommon beauty and brilliancy, and is in fact a 
 
 Cinnamon Stone, or Jilmandine, accompanied by that variety 
 of amphibole which has been called 
 
 Pargasite. (T. JVuttall.) 
 
 Calcareous Spar, yellow, in the granular limestone, about 8 
 m. E. N. E. from Lancaster, and 5 m. N. E. from the 
 lime rocks in Bolton. 
 
 Phosphate oj Lime, Jlpatite, in hexahedral prisms, sometimes 
 running through crystals of scapolite at right angles. The 
 sea polite occurs massive and crystallized, sometimes pur- 
 ple, in handsome specimens, and much more abundant than 
 at Bolton. 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, in limestone, associated with spinelle. 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdma? (C. T.Jackson.) 
 
 Brucite, .lemon yellow and orange yellow, with spinelle and 
 hornblende, found by C. T. Jackson. 
 
 BOYLSTON. 
 
 Crystallized Quartz, in flinty slate ; the crystals are grouped 
 
 very handsomely in the crevices of the rocks. 
 Chlorite*) is frequently found in the interstices of the quartz. 
 Sulphuret of Iron. 
 Sulphate of Iron, in a rock of pyritous slate, by the road side, 
 
 covering the rock in dry weather with minute crystals. 
 Ochrey Red Oxide of Iron, mixed with clay, deposited by the 
 
 springs in the meadows, 4 or 5 inches in thickness in some 
 
 places. (C. T. Jackson.) 
 
 BREED'S HILL. 
 Epidote, in crystals of considerable size in rolled masses of 
 
 greenstone, with white quartz and some calcareous spar. 
 
 (J. W. W. 2. 280.; 
 
 BRIGHTON. 
 
 ddularia, in fine crystals, but scarce. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 BUCKLAND . 
 
 Arenaceous Epidote, in hornblende and greenstone slate, 
 (Sti. 6. 223. J 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 283 
 
 CHARLESTOWN. 
 
 Compact Feldspar, of a greenish color, resembling in some 
 parts of the bed, some varieties of limestone, constituting 
 the lowest rock on the S. E. side of Prospect Hill, in an 
 extensive bed, and may be traced in various parts of the 
 hill, in a direction from S. E. to N. W. It has an imper- 
 fect slaty structure, and passes into clay slate in the N. W. 
 extremity. (J. IV. W. 2. 280.) 
 
 *fl.rragonite, in acicular crystals in the sienite. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 CHESTER. 
 
 Heulandite, associated with the stiibite, and chabasie, rather 
 rare. Distinguishable by its superior pearly lustre. (T. 
 NuttalL) 
 
 CHESTERFIELD. 
 
 Scapolite, (til. 7.253.J published as Tremolite in Sil. 6.248- 
 
 Cy finite, a remarkable variety, very dark colored. 
 
 Garnet, about a m. N. E. of the in. h. near the celebrated lo- 
 cality of cyanite, in blocks of reddish hornblende, in im- 
 mense numbers, from the size of a shot to that of a small 
 cannon ball. 
 
 Graphite, foliated. The graphite of Cummington, Worthing- 
 ton, and Chester is of this variety. (J. Porter.) 
 
 Purple Copper, in small quantities, in the same rock with the 
 green feldspar, (toil. 9.48J 
 
 COHASSET. 
 
 Peat, abundant. 
 
 COLRAIN. 
 
 Siliceous Limestone, of a dull brown color. (Sil. 1.106.) 
 
 v ' 
 
 CONWAY. 
 
 Siliceous Limestone, of a dull brown color. (Sil. 1.106.) 
 Colophonite ? (&il. 6.223.J 
 
 CUMMINGTON. 
 
 Rhomb Spar, in steatite well crystallized, and associated with 
 
 green, foliated talc. 
 
 Yellow Ferruginous Quartz, crystallized and amorphous. 
 Cummingtonite is found abundantly in the W. part of the 
 
 town. 
 
 Melanite. Zoisite. 
 Steatite. The Cummington soapstone quarry is lately found 
 
 to be a few rods within the limits of Windsor. 
 .Radiated Oxide of Manganese, in delicate filaments, united i n 
 
284 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 tufts, white, with a silken lustre, associated with the grey 
 
 and black oxide. (J. Porter.} 
 Siliceous Oxide of Manganese. The locality of this mineral 
 
 is half a m. W. of the congregational m. h., where it exists 
 
 in immense quantity in bowlders in the stone walls. (SU. 
 
 9.22.J 
 Fibrolite, what has been called Cummingtonite. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 DALTON. ' 
 
 Cacholong. Siliceous Sinter, in stalactical concretions. 
 
 Jlgates, very large, in masses of hornstone, and jaspery 
 quartz, and jasper. 
 
 Opal, do. Hyalite, do. Hornstone, approaching chalcedony. 
 
 Schorl. Epidote. Jlugite, principally massive. Hornblende. 
 
 Serpentine, containing dsbestus, in the E. part of the town. 
 
 Carburet of Iron, and Brown Oxide of Iron, forming the ce- 
 ment of a breccia, the interstices lined with minute quartz 
 crystals. Bog Iron Ore. (SU. 9.43.J 
 
 DEERFIELD. 
 
 Siliceous Limestone, of a dull brown color. (SU. 1.106.) 
 
 DUXBURY. 
 
 Marl, underlaying Peat, both of which are abundant on the 
 farm of Dr. Allyn. (C. T. Jackson.) 
 
 EGREMONT. 
 
 Granular Limestone. (SU. 8.14.) Clay Slate. (Sil. 8.19.) 
 
 FITCHBURGH. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, elegant specimens, and 
 
 Yellow Quartz, which on its recent fracture, presents the 
 
 Irised Quartz, very beautiful ; these occur in a vein nearly 
 feet wide, passing through mica slate, which forms an emi- 
 nence, known by the name of " Pearl Hill,*' about 5 m. 
 N. E. of the village. Specimens of some pounds may be 
 obtained by blasting the rock. 
 
 Milky Quartz, and Granular Quartz, in mica slate. 
 
 Staurotide, in mica slate, in rhombic prisms. 
 
 .Mica, in beds of granite, in mica slate, plates of more than a 
 foot diameter may be easily obtained, very abundant. 
 
 Schorl, in mica slate, in acicular crystals, and 
 
 Rubetlite, in granite, were discovered by H. Wilder. (Prob- 
 ably andalusite. T. JV.) 
 
 Beryl, in granite, in crystals from 1 an inch to 6 inches in di- 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 285 
 
 ameter, green and white ; some are nearly limpid, fine spe- 
 cimens. 
 
 Garnet, in the mica slate, very abundant. 
 
 Chlorite crystallized, in granite. All the above at Pearl Hill. 
 
 Sulphuret of Molybdena, in granite, in G sided prisms from 1 
 an inch to an inch in diameter. (C. T. Jackson.) 
 
 GOSHEN. 
 
 Epidote, beautifully crystallized. 
 
 Sulphur, in the water of a well in the S. W. part of the town. 
 ( J. Porter.) 
 
 Spodumene, exists not merely in the locality, described in Sil. 
 6.225, & 7.30, as white augite, but in various parts of Go- 
 shen, especially in the northern part, scattered in great 
 abundance, in bowlders over the surface. Its general 
 color is brownish white, sometimes clove brown, yet not 
 unfrequently it is beautifully tinged with green, and cannot 
 be distinguished from the European specimens. (Sil. 9.20.) 
 
 Pyrophysalite, about 3 m. N, W. of the m. h., on what is call- 
 ed the Week's farm, in loose bowlders of granite ; in which 
 are found promiscuously blended, the green and black 
 tourmaline, indicolite, spodumene, green, rose, and silver 
 colored mica, pyrophysalite, beryl, and foliated and granu- 
 lar Cleavelandite. Also in a huge vein of granite in rnica 
 slate. 
 
 White Talc, beautiful specimens, same place. (Sil. 9.21 .J 
 
 Topaz ? This occurs in that rich repository of minerals, the 
 Goshen granite, 3 rn. N. W. of the m. h. associated with 
 green tourmaline, Cleavelandite, spodumene, indicolite, 
 rose mica, and pyrophysalite. (Sil. 9.180.J 
 
 Beryl, in rounded, bluish grey masses, and low 6 sided 
 prisms. This ambiguous substance was at first sight, by 
 myself, mistaken for pyrophysalite, but the comparative ex- 
 amination of that from Finbo in Sweden, proved the dis- 
 tinction of our mineral from it, as it neither phosphoresces 
 nor intumesces, merely rounding at the edges in extreme 
 heat, and turning instantly opaque and pearly. The spe- 
 cific gravity also 2.61, proves it at once to have no affinity 
 with topaz. The same may be said also, probably of the 
 topaz announced from this place, as it sometimes occurs 
 almost transparent, and inclined to rose red; the red emer- 
 ald of Col. Gibbs. (T. Nuttall.) The writer found the 
 specific gravity of a fragment of the above weighing 21 
 
286 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 grains, which was transparent and very slightly tinged with 
 red, of a lamellar structure to be 2.62, and one of 34 grains 
 of a bluish grey color and opaque, to be about 2.61. 
 
 GREAT BARRINGTON. 
 
 Staurotide, 
 
 Garnets, in mica slate, so numerous, as to resemble at a little 
 distance the most beautiful puddingstune. (6'i7. 8.7.) 
 
 HARVARD. 
 
 Quartz, in veins, and frequently crystallized, in the clay slate. 
 Clay Slate, not readily fissile, but yields easily to the chisel, 
 
 and is extensively wrought for the supply of gravestones in 
 
 the neighboring towns. (C. T. Jackson.) 
 
 H ING HAM. 
 
 Jlmethyst. Crystals are frequently found in alluvial soil, 
 about 2 m. N. E. near ihe woollen Factory. Handsome 
 specimens of crystallized arnathystine quartz, were lately 
 obtained from a drusy vein in sienitic granite, in excavating 
 some earth and rocks in the village. 
 
 Peat, very abundant. 
 
 HINSDALE. 
 
 Granular Limestone, very coarse, and highly crystalline, con- 
 taining plates of mica diffused through it. (5*7. 8. 14.) 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen issues from a spring, around which 
 the earth is covered with 
 
 Sulphur, in dry weather. (Sil. 8.31.) 
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 JFibwlite, well characterized, and abundant in mica slate. 
 (T. Nuttall.) Found by Mr- T. C. Jackson, on George Hill. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, on George Hill, in small hexahedral 
 prisms, in a spodumene rock, of about 2 tons weight, about 
 3 m. from the Sterling locality, found by C. Stedman. 
 Spodumene is found in small quantities in various parts of 
 the town. Jlndalusite is found on George Hill, in transi- 
 tion mica slate. Green and purple Finite; fine specimens 
 were found on George Hill in granite, by C. Stedman. 
 
 .Peat is found in the swarnps and low lands, in the S. W. part 
 of the town. (C. T. Jackson.) 
 
 LENOX. 
 
 Jron Ore, similar to that of Bennington ; Vermont, in abun- 
 dance. (Si/. 5.251.) 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 287 
 
 LEOMINSTER. 
 
 Crystallized Quartz, very fine specimens have been found in 
 a brook, sometimes several inches in length, exhibiting both 
 pyramids. 
 
 Schorl, in granite. (C. T. Jackson.) 
 
 MARSH FIELD. 
 
 Petrosilex, in rolled masses. ( J. Porter.) 
 
 MEDFIELD. 
 
 Peaty very abundant. 
 
 MIDDLEFIELD. 
 
 Granular Limestone. (SiL 8.13.) 
 
 Steatite, pseudomorphous, in the form of quartz crystals. (T. 
 Nuttall.) 
 
 Cereolite, connected with serpentine. (Mnj. Delafield.) Ce- 
 reolite is of a uniform wax yellow col ,r, about the hard- 
 ness and translucence of precious serpentine, but more con- 
 choidal in its fracture. Before the blowpipe it becomes 
 white, and fuses on the edges with difficulty into an opaque 
 enamel. 
 
 MONSON. 
 
 Arenaceous Epidote, in hornblende and" greenstone slate. 
 (Sil. 6.223.) 
 
 NEW ASHFORD. 
 
 Granular Limestone, and 
 
 Marble, white, and beautiful dove colored. (Sil. 8.14.) 
 Clay Slate. (Sil. 8.19.J 
 
 Incrustations of Carbonate of Lime, between the layers of cal- 
 careous rock. (Sil. 8.34.) 
 
 NEW MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 Granular Limestone, from which is wrought a white 
 
 Marble. (Sil. 8.14.) 
 
 Stalactites, and stalagmites, in caverns which have several 
 
 rooms. (Sil 8.15.J 
 Red Oxide of Titanium. 
 Arenaceous Quarts, with dendritic impressions of manganese* 
 
 (&/. 9.43.J 
 
 PETERSBURG. 
 
 Chlorite, forming considerable hills. (Sil. 8.20.J 
 
 PITTSFIELD. 
 
 Marble. No marble is found, at least none is quarried in this- 
 town. The marb!e of Lanesborough has been worked ex- 
 
288 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 tensively in this town, and has hence acquired the name of 
 Pittsfield marble. (Sil. 8.14.; 
 
 Calcareous Spar, in lenticular crystals. Quartz Crystals. 
 
 Red Oxide oflitanium, abundant in the S. E. part of the 
 town in Green Quartz. Agate. Mica, of different colors. 
 
 Schorl, in the S. E. part of the town, near Washington, in 
 mica slate. Jlugite. Talc, of different colors. 
 
 Specular Iron, Hematitic, Magnetic Sulphuret, and the 
 
 Compact Brown Oxide of Iron. The magnetic occurs in oc- 
 tahedrons in mica slate. Manganese, the compact brown 
 oxide, in considerable masses. (Sil. 9.42.) 
 
 PLAINFIELD. 
 
 Clay Slate. (Sil. 8.19.) 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, well crystallized. (Sil. 9.55.) 
 
 Fetid Quartz. Zoisite. Green Talc, which is foliated. 
 
 Sulphur, pulverulent, in the Cummingtonite. 
 
 Radiated Oxide of Manganese, in delicate filaments united in 
 
 tufts of a white color and silken lustre, associated with the 
 
 grey and black oxide. (/. Porter.} 
 
 PLYMOUTH. 
 
 Red Jasper, on the beach in rolled pieces. (C. T. Jackson.) 
 
 RICHMOND. 
 
 Clay Slate. (Sit. 8.19.; 
 
 SAVOY. 
 
 Granular Limestone, in beds. (Sil. 8.13.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, finely crystallized in quartz. (Sil. 9.55.; 
 
 SHEFFIELD. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, announced in Sil. 4.189, has been 
 searched for and not found. (Sil. 8.30.) The mica slate, 
 1 m. E. of the m. h. &c. is so filled with garnets as to re- 
 semble, at a little distance, the most beautiful puddingstone. 
 (SiL 8.7.; 
 
 SHELBURNE. 
 
 Arenaceous Epidote, in hornblende and greenstone slate. 
 (Sil. 6.233.) 
 
 SHIRLEY. 
 
 Roof Slate, an extensive quarry of superior quality. (C. T. 
 Jackson.) 
 
 SHUTESBURY. 
 
 Arenaceous Epidote, in hornblende and greenstone slate. 
 (Sil. 6.223.) 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 289 
 
 SOUTHAMPTON. 
 
 Vitreous Black Oxide of Iron, investing carbonate of lead. 
 (Sil. 9.47.) 
 
 STAMFORD. 
 
 Granular Limestone. (Sil. 8.13.) 
 
 STERLING. 
 
 Andalusite, in scopiform clusters of crystals, often party-color- 
 ed like made, in transition mica slate. This mineral has 
 been found red, in quartz, with Finite, near Sterling. 
 
 Crystallized Chlorite, associated with 
 
 Red Oxide of Titanium, in long prisms. 
 
 Phosphate of Manganese ? with the spodumene. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 Chlorite, earthy, in gneiss, at the iron mine. 
 
 Pyritous (Copper, and carbonate of iron, which is very abun- 
 dant, are found at the iron mine, S. W. from the m. h. 
 
 Arsenical ./row, near the spodumene rock. 
 
 Arsenical Sulphur et of Iron, and common pyrites. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, and 
 
 Argentiferous Sulphuret of Lead, at the mine, which was 
 opened for silver about TO years ago, and found unproduc- 
 tive. Andalusite was found on the road from Sterling to 
 Boylslon, in mica slate, taken from a well. The Clay 
 Slate, containing the Made, does not occur in place in Ster- 
 ling, but in Lancaster, near the boundary line, on George 
 Hill. (C. T. Jackson.) The made occurs in what is de- 
 nominated by European geologists transition clay slate, 
 similar to that of Brittany in France, which contains the 
 chiastolite, sometimes approaching to mica slate. 
 
 TAUNTON. 
 
 Pipe Clay. 
 
 WALPOLE. 
 
 Limestone, about 2 m. W. of the m. h. of a bluish grey color, 
 and granular structure, stratified, and dipping N. W. 
 
 Peat, about 2 rn. southerly of the m. h., E. of, and near the 
 turnpike, very abundant, and of good quality. 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 Granular Limestone. (Sil.- 8. ! 3 ) 
 
 Buhrstone, on the W. side of the town, known by the name 
 of the Pittsfield buhrstone. (Sil. 8.17.) See Pittsfield. 
 
 WHAT ELY. 
 
 Common Quartz, in seams and beds, in primitive greenstone. 
 Granular Epidote, in primitive greenstone. (Sit. 6. 34.) 
 37 
 
290 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 WILLIAMSBURG. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in quartz, associated with 
 Pyritous Copper. 
 
 Serpentine, in the neighborhood of the above. (Sit. 9.166.) 
 Apatite, imbedded in a rock of gneiss, strongly resembling 
 beryl. (Sil. 9.174.) 
 
 WILLIAMSTOWN. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead has been found on the E. side of Saddle 
 
 mountain. 
 Oxide of Manganese, E. side of Saddle mountain in mica 
 
 slate. (SU. 8. 30.) 
 
 WINDSOR. 
 
 Granular Limestone. (Sil. 8. 13.J 
 
 Zoisite, superb specimens. (C. U. Shepard.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Iron, finely crystallized in quartz. (SU. 9.55.J 
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 Epidote, associated with idocrase, pyroxene, &c. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 WORTHINGTON. 
 
 taurotide, in large crystals, and very abundant. (Sit. 8.7.) 
 
 WRENTHAM. 
 
 Peat, 1 m. E. of the m. h. on Samuel Fales' land, also 1 m. 
 S. W. of the Baptist in. h. on Thomas Metcalf's land, and 
 on Lewis Metcalf's land adjoining, abundant. 
 
 ZOAR. 
 
 Zoisite. Cummingtonite. (Sil. 9. 43.) 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 
 Latrobite ? 
 
 NEWPORT. 
 
 Siliceous Slate, associated with transition rocks. (C.) 
 
 SMITHFIELD. 
 
 JBasalt ? about a m. N. W. from Woonsocket village in the 
 race-way of the Branch cotton mill, in walls or veins, imbed- 
 ded in mica slate, consisting of columns of various sizes and 
 figures, their faces corresponding to each other so as to 
 form a compact walL This mineral answers precisely to 
 the discription of Basalt by Cleaveland, and appears similar 
 to that of Rowan, North Carolina. 
 
CONNECTICUT. 291 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 HADDAM. 
 
 Yellow Oxide of Tungsten, sometimes coating the feldspar, 
 &c. in the granite which furnishes the chrysoberyl, &c, 
 (Dr. Torrey.) 
 
 NEW HARTFORD. 
 
 Prismatic Mien. (Sit. 7.253.) 
 Cyanite, in gneiss. (E. Cornelius.) 
 
 NEW HAVEN. 
 
 Stilbite, in thin veins of implicated tabular crystals, of a flesh 
 
 color, and rarely associated with 
 <flnalcime, in small crystals in g.eenstone. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 NEW PRESTON. 
 
 Granular Limestone. 
 
 Fibrous Tremolite, in primitive limestone, presenting beauti- 
 ful specimens, having the lustre of silk, very abundant. 
 White Jlugiie. (E. Cornelius.) 
 
 SALISBURY. 
 
 Calcareous Sinter, in a stalactical form, under limestone- 
 rocks. Calcareous Incrustations are common. (SiL 8.256.) 
 
 Cumtningtonite, of great beauty, occurs associated with augitc 
 in a ledge of mica slate, of a glassy lustre, the fibres radiat- 
 ing from a centre, and 6 or 8 inches in length. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, earthy, occurs with the brown oxide of 
 iron, in a newly opened bed. It is very abiHidant, and 
 lies in a diluvial hill, which has been penetrated to a small 
 distance, and is associated with 
 
 Gibbsite? composed of granular and botryoidal concretions. 
 It is less hard, and of a much whiter, color than that of 
 Richmond and Lenox. 
 
 Idocrase occurs in abundance in oblique, 4 sided prisms, trun^ 
 cated on all the edges ; also in octahedral crystals and 
 massive,* mostly of an irregular form, variously grouped, 
 and associated with hornblende, epidote, and calcareous 
 spar ; colors from a reddish brown, to light yellowish white. 
 (Sil. 9.44.) 
 
 * These forms, if correct, do not agree with the mineral, which always 
 ccurs in right square prisms, or under some modification of that form. 
 
292 NEW YORK. 
 
 SAYBROOK. 
 
 Fibrolite, found accompanying, and passing into the Siili- 
 raanite, which consequently is a mere crystallized variety, 
 with which it also nearly agrees in chemical composition. 
 The angles of the Sillimanite crystals, or fibrolite, as far 
 as their general imperfection permits of examination, are 
 in one direction about 94 and 86, and there are appear- 
 ances of natural joints, oblique to the axis of the prism. 
 These crystals also agree perfectly with specimens of fibro- 
 lite from the Carnatic, with which they have been compar- 
 ed. ( T. Muttall.) The anlysis of 
 
 Sillimanite gives Water, 00.510, Silica, 42.666, Alumine, 
 54.111, Oxide of Iron, 01.999, loss .714. (G. T. Bowen.) 
 
 Fibrolite gives Silex 38, Alumine, 58.25, Oxide of Iron 0.75, 
 loss 3. (Chenevix.} 
 
 Nepheline gives Silex 44.11, Alumine, 33.73, Soda, 20.46, 
 loss, 0.62. (Jlrfwedson.) 
 
 Specific gravity of Sillimanite, 3.410, Fibrolite, 3.21, Nephe- 
 line, 2.65. (C.) 
 
 WINDHAM. 
 
 Foliated JVica, of a greenish color, and 
 
 Cleavelandite, in a coarse grained granite, at Jilson's cotton 
 mill. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 ALBANY co. See Albany, Bethlehem, Bern, Coeymans, Guil- 
 derland, Helderbergh, Knox, and Watervliet. 
 
 AMENIA. 
 
 Copper Ores, with galena and 
 Sulphur et of Zinc, in 
 
 Limestone, in the low ground in the side of a mountain. Mass- 
 es of galena are frequently ploughed up. (Bruce, 14.) 
 
 CALDWELL 
 
 Schorl, in white quartz, handsome specimens. (R. H. Steel.) 
 
 GAYUGA co. See Aurora, Cayuga lake, Montezuma, and 
 Semphronius. 
 
 CHATHAM. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, in small quantities. (Stl. 9.43.) 
 
NEW YORK. 293 
 
 COLD SPRING. 
 
 Lamellar Green Pyroxene, with a metallic lustre, abundant, 
 accompanied with beautiful Feldspar. 
 
 Silico-Cakareous Oxide of Titanium, in distinct crystals, and 
 massive in Pyroxene. 
 
 Zircon, in an aggregate of quartz and pyroxene, scarce. 
 
 Rhomboidal Black Mica, also in 6 sided tables. 
 
 Lamellar Hornblende. 
 
 Rhombic Carbonate of Lime, with Green Coccolite intermixed. 
 
 &capolite. massive, associated with feldspar and green pyrox- 
 ene. 
 
 Radiated Stilbite, in the fissures of pyroxene. 
 
 Chabasie, in obtuse rhombs, associated with the stilbite. 
 
 Basanite, with Anthracite, in loose pieces on the banks of the 
 Hudson. 
 
 Tremolite, scarce. Epidote. (Sil. 9.41.) 
 
 COLUMBIA, co. See Ancram, Chatham, Claversack, Hudson, 
 Livingston's Lead Mine, and New Lebanon. 
 
 DELAWARE co. See Delhi. 
 
 DUTCHES co. See Amenia, Anthony's Nose, Clinton, Fish- 
 kill, Hyde Park, North East, Peekskill, and Rhinebeck. 
 
 ERIE co. See Black Rock. 
 
 ESSEX co. See Anthony's Nose, S. from Ticonderoga, Crown 
 Point, Rogers Rock, Sabbath-Day Point, Ticonderoga, and 
 Willsborough. 
 
 {JENESEE co. See Batavia. 
 GREENE co. See Catskill, and Catskill mountains. 
 
 GREENFIELD. 
 
 Oolite ; an extensive formation commences about 2 m. from 
 the village of Saratoga springs, and within i a m. of the 
 primitive rocks which terminate the southernmost point of 
 the Palmertown mountain, extending W. several miles, 
 through the farm of Mr, Benjamin Rose, &c. In and near 
 the road, which leads from Greenfield to Ballston Spa, by 
 the way of Rowland's mills, on the farm of Deacon Wood, 
 there is a bank composed of a series of horizontal strata, 
 of this formation. (A*'i7. 9.17.) 
 
 HERKIMER co. See Danube, West Canada Creek, Fairfield, 
 Little Falls, Newport, and Salisbury. 
 
 JEFFERSON co. See Champlain. 
 
294 NEW YORK. 
 
 KINGSBRIDGE. 
 
 PyralJolite, in granular limestone, published in page 131 as 
 rhae-iizite. (T. 
 
 LIVINGSTON co. See Leicester. 
 
 LOCK PORT. 
 
 Graphic Gypsum, or two varieties of gypsum, earthy and trans- 
 
 lucent, mixed in a zigzag form. 
 Selenite, crystallized, large and conspicuous, has also been 
 
 found here. 
 
 Dogtooth Spar. A distinct crystallization from the European. 
 Satin Spar, or silky and compact fibrous gypsum, equal to 
 
 that of England, the fibres 4 or 5 inches long. (T. NuttdlL) 
 
 LONG ISLAND. 
 
 Red Ochre, clay colored with the brown oxide of iron, form- 
 ing good Spanish brown, on the E. side of Hemstead har- 
 bour, at Muschito Cove, on the W. of the harbour, extend- 
 ing to Newtown, at Plandorne, and at the head of Cow 
 Bay, and near the head of Little Neck bay, in Flushing. 
 (Bruce, 85.) 
 
 MADISON co. See Canaseraga, and Lenox. 
 
 MONROE CO. 
 
 See Brighton, Carthage, and Rochester below the Falls. 
 
 MONTGOMERY co. See Amsterdam, Florida, Johnston, and 
 Palatine Bridge. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 White Pyroxene, imbedded in primitive limestone, which 
 crosses the island at its northern extremity in 8 sided 
 prisms, sometimes several inches in length. (Bruce, 260.) 
 Emerald rarely occurs in the granitic veins, which traverse 
 gneiss 4 m. (Bruce, 265.) 
 
 NEW YORK co. See Constitution Island, Corlaer's Hook, 
 Haarlem Heights, Kingsbridge, and New York city. 
 
 NIAGARA co. See Lewistown, Lockport, and Niagara Falls. 
 
 ONEIDA co. See Clinton, Rome, Vernon, and Westmorland. 
 ONONDAGA co. See Camillus, JVJanlius, and Salina, 
 
 ONTARIO co. See Cliffton Springs, Farmington, Geneva, 
 Honeoye, Ontario, and Williamson. 
 
 ORANGE co. See Goshen, Highlands, Monroe, Warwick, and 
 West Point. 
 
NEW YORK. 
 
 PAWLINGS. 
 
 Iron Ore, in a large bed. (bil. 8.30.,) 
 
 PH1LLIPSTOWN. 
 
 Hard White Marble, in blocks, texture very compact. Ser- 
 pentine occurs in loose pieces, and variously mixed with 
 the marble ; some of the serpentine is very beautiful. 
 
 Lamellar Talc. 
 
 Rhombic Carbonate of Lime, pale flesh color. Mica, in 6 
 sided crystals in do. The White. Coccolite contains in its 
 cavities, crystals of White Pyroxene, 8 sided, terminations 
 irregular. It is found in blocks and masses in considerable 
 quantity, associated with marble and serpentine. 
 
 Rose colored Coccolite, same locality, in small quantities, asso- 
 ciated with Diopside, or a variety of pyroxene, which is a 
 light green, lamellar structure, with a glistening surface. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Ore, in marble, intermixed with Asbestus. 
 
 Suphuret of Iron. Sp/iene imbedded in Tremolite. This in- 
 teresting locality is on the declivity of a small hill, princi- 
 pally composed of marble, serpentine, and white coccolite, 
 on the farm of Mr. Joseph Hustis. The hill slopes to the 
 east, its foot is washed by a small stream, and its opposite 
 bank is an abrupt granite precipice, in which hornblende, 
 green pyroxene, and green coccolite occur. 
 
 Compact Feldspar. 
 
 Pyroxene, in several localities, green, and also greyish white. 
 
 Green Coccolite, in several localities. 
 
 Corinthian hornblende. 
 
 Lamellar Hornblende. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Ore, abundant. 
 
 Green Actynolite. Stilbite, in grouped crystals, resembling a 
 fan ; color, wax yellow, intermixed with Laumonite, in a 
 cellular feldspar. Distinct masses of crystals of Laumonite 
 are found in the same vein with the stilbite. This vein is 
 about 3 feet wide, in gneiss, and can be seen nearly 30 feet 
 on the surface. 
 
 Graphite, in hexagonal laminae, in greyish white pyroxene. 
 
 (sa. 9.39.; 
 
 PUTNAM co. See Cold Springs, and Phillipstown. 
 
 JRENSSELAER co. See Greeiibush, Hoosnck, Lansingburg, 
 Pittstown, Sand lake, Sr.haghticoKe, and Troy. 
 
 ROCKLAND co. See Fort Lee, and Haverstraw Bay. 
 
396 NEW YORK. 
 
 SCHAGHTICOKE. 
 
 Quartz Crystals, in great perfection and beauty. Chlorite-. 
 
 Massive Garnet. Rhomb Spar. Sulphate ofdlumine. 
 Sulphate of Iron. Graphite. Aluminous Slate. Hornstone. 
 Hornblende, near Hoosac river. (Sil. 9.44 ) 
 
 SCHENECTADT co. See Glenville, and Schenectady. 
 
 SCHOHARIE co. See Carlisle, and Argile. 
 
 SENECA co. See Galen. 
 
 SOUTH EAST. 
 
 Granular Limestone, very white. 
 
 Cereolite, connected with the limestone, very abundant. (jE 
 
 Cornelius.) This cereolite is well characterized. (T. Nut 
 
 tall.) See Cereolite, page 287. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE co. See Canton. 
 WARREN co. See Caldwell and George Lake. 
 
 WARWICK. 
 
 Serpentine, in rhomboidal crystals, the angle being about 90 
 and 84, and totally different from Marmolite. 
 
 Brucite occurs here in crystals, and in masses nearly a foot 
 square, accompanied by 
 
 Pale Violet Brown Hornblende, in large clusters and distinct 
 crystals of the common form. 
 
 Brown and Black Spinelle, in mica and carbonate of lime. 
 
 Martial Jlrseniate of Copper, in thin crusts over small masses 
 of the Arsenical Iron. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 For the discovery of the following interesting minerals 
 which were expected out in Silliman's journal, of the last 
 dale, the public are indebted to Dr. Fowler, of Franklin, 
 and fearing anticipation 1 have ventured to offer the present 
 brief notice for their discoverer. (T. JV.) 
 
 Brucite in Crystals, of a pale as well as deep orange yellow 
 color, accompanied by 
 
 Spinelles of a pale or greyish Blue, occupying druses wiih the 
 preceding mineral. 
 
 Pseudolite, apparently an undescribed mineral in regular octa- 
 hedrons, in a species of graphic rock. Its color is leek or 
 olivaceous green, and its hardness scarcely greater than that 
 of serpentine, which in substance it resembles, and has an 
 unctuous fenl. It is infusible. It may be a pseudomor- 
 phous mineral, occupying the cast of spinelle, and hence 
 
NEW YORK. 29*7 
 
 its name from the ambiguity of its character. It possesses 
 however, a lamellar cleavage in some directions, indicative 
 of its homogenity. It also occurs in a second locality with 
 crystallized serpentine and red spinelle, and though imper- 
 fect in form is readily distinguishable from the serpentine. It 
 ought still probably to be considered as a pseudornorphous 
 steatitic cast of spinelle, the centre being sometimes of 
 considerable hardness. 
 
 Red Spinelle, of various shades of rose, and when large in- 
 clined to brown. The largest crystals are near upon 4 
 inches round the base ! The smallest no larger than the 
 head of a pin. They accompany crystals of noble serpen- 
 tine and masses of the Pseudolite, with plumbago, and, as 
 well as the rest of these minerals, are imbedded in a beau- 
 tiful pale pink colored carbonate of lime. 
 
 Black Spinelles, of enormous size, accompanying brucite, and 
 large crystals of serpentine of the common or impure kind. 
 The largest crystal in Dr. Fowler's possession, its discov- 
 erer, gives a base of 16 inches! Many others give a base 
 of 4 to 8 inches. They are accompanied by large crystals 
 of some metallic substance in prisms, variously modified, 
 which appears to be 
 
 Ferriferous Columbite. Certainly not chromated Iron, as I" 
 had supposed, neither the chromic acid nor oxide being 
 discoverable in it. 
 
 Scapolite, in very large crystals, as well as 
 
 Hornblende, in crystals equally perfect and gigantic. 
 
 WEST FARMS. 
 
 Chabasie, in flesh red cuboids with the stilbite, but rare. (T. 
 Nuttall.) 
 
 WEST POINT. 
 
 Black Spinelle, 4| m. W. from the Military Academy, in fine 
 
 crystals of a bright black color. 
 Zircon ? in prisms nearly half an inch in diameter, with the 
 
 sphene. 
 Scapolite, compact, of a flesh color, and also crystallized, in 
 
 white and green crystals, as at Franklin, New Jersey. (T. 
 
 Wuttall.) 
 
 38 
 
298 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Steatite, on the banks of the Delaware, opposite Easton. (C.) 
 This is in fact Potstone, steatite being as yet a rare mineral 
 in the United States. ( T. NutlalL) 
 
 FRANKLIN. 
 
 FrankUnite. Dr. Fowler possesses a crystal of Franklinite 
 16 inches round the base ! But the most perfect crystals 
 are about 4 inches round, with the edges so broadly replac- 
 ed as to pass into the dodecahedron, but with dull facets. 
 The largest crystals have been found at Stirling, and are 
 accompanied by crystals of the siliceous oxide of zinc in 
 6 sided prisms, sometimes terminated with two pentagonal 
 faces, and also with 3 rhomboidal faces. This mineral, 
 according to Dr. Troost. is a new species, the primitive 
 form of its crystals being a right prism with square bases, 
 while that of Europe gives a rhomboidal prism. 
 
 Crystallized Siliceous Oxide of Manganese, of a hardness suf- 
 ficient to scratch glass, and readily fusible. The color, 
 with all the brilliance and trenslucence of feldspar, is at first 
 rose red, but by the weather apparently becomes deep 
 brownish black. The crystals, sometimes -| an inch in di- 
 ameter, present the primitive form only, being a doubly ob- 
 lique prism of about 94, 86, and 78, 102, but with the fa- 
 ces somewhat rough ; the last angles are those of the termi- 
 nating summit. In this substance, both at Franklin and Stir- 
 ling, the new variety of spinelle called Dysluite, is common- 
 ly imbedded, and accompanied by a dark colored rnanga- 
 nesiferous carbonate of lime. 
 
 fellow Blende, accompanied by 
 
 Carbonate of Zinc, in a breccia. 
 
 Steatite, noticed by Dr. Fowler, accompanying the yellow 
 garnet, and sometimes associated with a new variety of 
 
 Brown JLugite, of the color of chocolate, or yellowish brown. 
 
 Blue Zinciferous Spindle, very dark, but by transmitted light 
 indigo blue. The crystals, found in an alluvial situation, 
 are extremely brilliant, and one in Dr. Fowler's possession, 
 measures 4 inches round the base. 
 
 Red Spindle, found by myself, and afterwards by Dr. Fowl- 
 er, near the pond or mill dam. 
 
NEW JERSEY. 299 
 
 Grey Spinelle, at Franklin and Stirling, commonly dull and 
 opaque, and appears almost pseudomorphous. 
 
 Black Spinelle, imbedded in mica, the octahedrons some- 
 times made up of an aggregate of minute octahedrons, sim- 
 ilar to a curious Cornish variety of fluate of lime. 
 
 Green Spinelle, in Cubic Crystals, in an alluvial bank of the 
 Franklinite on a mass of magnetic oxide of iron. The oc- 
 tahedron with the solid angles replaced, and thus tending 
 to thif form, occurs near Hamburgh. 
 
 Pyrallolite, in sienite. color greenish yellow, sometimes al- 
 most white. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 At page 162, 7th line under Franklin, for Whitish Oxide of 
 Zinc read Carbonate of Zinc. (T. Nuttall.) Page 164, 
 Madurite refer- to the Delaware mineral, 2d line below 
 Maclnrite, for Greenstone, read Hypersthene. 
 
 HAMBURGH. 
 
 Black Spinelle. Occasionally specimens occur with the solid 
 angles of the octahedron replaced, and thus tending to the 
 cube which I have obtained apparently complete and of a 
 bright green color, in a matrix of magnetic oxide of iron at 
 Franklin. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 HOBOKEN. 
 
 Gurhafite, of the books, described as Magnesian Limestone, 
 in page 166. 
 
 JWarmolite, forming narrow veins in the serpentine of Hobo- 
 ken, and in that of the Bare Hills near Baltimore ; in the 
 former locality it sometimes occurs in contact with the lam- 
 ellar hydrate of magnesia, and in the magnesian marble. 
 Its texture is foliated with the laminae thin, and often par- 
 allel as in diallage ; sometimes also cleaving in two direc- 
 tions parallel to the sides of an oblique and compressed 4 
 sided prism. These laminae, sometimes J of an inch 
 broad, are commonly collected into radiating and diverging 
 clusters, of a pale green, or greenish grey color, and a 
 pearly submetallic lustre, easily cut by a knife, and almost 
 perfectly opaque, infusible, and brittle. (8il. 4.19.J This 
 mineral differs entirely in its crystallization from serpentine. 
 See Warwick, New York, page 296. 
 
 - RUTGERS' IRON MINE. 
 
 This and the Franklin iron mine are the same. Rutgers 
 was its former proprietor. It is at present owned by Dr, 
 Fowler. 
 
300 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 
 
 SOMERV1LLE COPPER MINE. 
 
 Red Oxide of Copper is found here crystallized in cubes as 
 well as in octahedras. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN. 
 Siderographite. This is found to be factitious. Page 150, 
 
 1st' line under Schooley's Mountain, for Granite read Sie- 
 
 nite. (T. Nuttall.) 
 Zircon, in reddish brown, 4 sided prisms, from -J to ^ an inch 
 
 in length. About 100 yards from Belrnont Hall, in sienitic 
 
 rock detached. (SiL 9.45.) 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 CHESNUT HILL. 
 
 Hornstone, in rolled masses, of a compact texture and con- 
 choidal fracture, strongly translucent, a beautiful variety. 
 
 Jasper, Red and Blue, in detached masses, loose and in the 
 soil. 
 
 Green Quartz, crystallized in a carious quartzose rock ; and 
 also with it, Hyalite, in small white specks, and botry- 
 oidal and mammillary masses. The same locality abounds 
 with fine drusy quartz. (Carpenter and Spademan.) 
 
 CHESTER CO. 
 
 Scapolite, with Epidote and Hornblende, in gneiss. (T. Nut- 
 tall.) 
 
 DOWNINGSTOWN. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, composed of lenticular crystals, and 
 fibres, running parallel, and sometimes diverging, resem- 
 bling the fibrous arragonite, and forming veins, in the lime- 
 stone quarries, near, (Carpenter and Spackman.) 
 
 EASTON. 
 
 .Noble Serpentine, Crystallized, of a greenish yellow color. 
 Remarked first by Dr. Swift. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 GERMANTOWN. 
 
 The tremolite mentioned as occurring in Serpentine, in Ger- 
 
 mautowa, page 184, is 
 Jlnthophyllite, associated almost exactly like that described 
 
 by Mr. Shepard, in Blandford, page 28 1. (T. Nuttall.) 
 Hornstone, near Germantown, 5J m. from Philadelphia, of a 
 
 greyish white color and conchoidal fracture. 
 
PENNSYLVANIA. 301 
 
 Garnet, 6 m. from Philadelphia, in dodecahedrons, of an 
 opaque reddish brown color, from the size of a pea to an inch 
 in diameter, in sandstone, abundant. (G. W. Carpenter.) 
 
 Cyanite, 6| ra. from Philadelphia, in small blades, or in im- 
 perfect flat prisms, of a blue and white color, in mica slate. 
 (Carpenter fy Spaceman.) 
 
 MONTGOMERY CO. 
 
 Anthopkyllite, sometimes in dark serpentine, at others in an 
 amphibolic mixture. (T Nuttall.) 
 
 PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE. 
 
 Hydrate of Copper. 
 
 Calamine, page 188, is the Siliceous Oxide of Zinc. (T. 
 JVuttall.) 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Actynolite, 6 m. on the Germantown and Roxborough town- 
 shipline road, abundant, in compressed, acicular crystals of 
 a rich green color, traversing a 
 
 Granular Epidote. Glassy Actynolite, occurs on the Wisahi- 
 con, 12 m., of a fine green color, in talcose rock, in irreg- 
 ular grouped, acicular crystals. 
 
 Chromate of Iron, at the same locality, abundant. 
 
 JManganesian Garnet is found abundantly C^ m, from Phila- 
 delphia, between Germantown and Townsbipiine road, mu s " 
 sive, in the soil. 
 
 Schorl, 5 ra. on the York road, beautiful velvet black, cylin- 
 drical crystals in the granite, containing white beryl. 
 
 Limpid Quartz, 5 m. from Philadelphia, between German- 
 town and York road, fine crystals occurring loose in a 
 ploughed field. 
 
 Pseudomorphous Quartz, carious and contorted, in false 
 opaque crystals, of various forms, in globular and re ni form 
 masses, and in botryoidal clusters, occurring between York 
 road and Gerrnanlown, 5 m. from Philadelphia. 
 
 Crystallized Mica, 6J m. on the Townshipline road, between 
 Roxborough and Germantown. 
 
 Staurotide, 6 m. from Philadelphia, on the Wisahicon, in mi- 
 ca slate. ( G. W. Carpenter.) 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, G m. from Philadelphia, near Wisahicon, in 
 hexahedral prisms, irom of an inch to 1 inch in diame- 
 ter, of a pale green color, in Compact Feldspar. 
 
 Ashesloid dctynoliie, on the Wisahicon, 6| m. and S m. from 
 Philadelphia, in talcose rock in very delicate fibres, diverg- 
 
302 DELAWARE. MARYLAND. VIRGINIA. 
 
 ing or radiating from a centre, of a fine silky lustre, of a 
 greyish white, or pale green color. (Carpenter fy -^pack- 
 man.) 
 Amianthus, mentioned in page 190 as Jlslestus. (T. Nultall.) 
 
 WEST CHESTER. 
 
 Rhcetizite. (T. NuttalL) 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 BRANDYWINE CREEK. 
 
 Pibrolite, or that variety called 
 
 Bucholsite, in considerable masses, commonly compact, and 
 
 of groat hardness, occasionally in distinct and free fibres. 
 
 (T^Vuttall.) 
 
 WILMINGTON. 
 
 Mmandine, or Precious Garnet, found on Mr. Dickson's farm 
 
 in splendid and highly translucent dodecahedrons, in a vein 
 
 of graphic granite. 
 
 Jlctynolite of a very fine emerald green. (T. Nuttall.) 
 Feldspar, near, on Mr. Dickson's farm, a beautiful variety, of 
 
 a green tinge. 
 Laumonite, 1^ m. on the New Port road, forming thin veins 
 
 of laminated masses, in a hornblende rock. 
 
 j | of a mile from Mr. Dickson's farm, in laminated 
 
 masses, the laminae of which are slightly curved, of a pure 
 
 white, and of a shining and pearly lustre. (Carpenter fy 
 
 bpackman.) 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 ANNE ARUNDEL CO. 
 
 Retinasphaltum occurs with the amber, and is commonly con* 
 founded with it. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG. 
 
 Native Gold, found in the bed of a brook, as at Cabarrus, 
 North Carolina. ( T. Nuttall.) 
 
FLORIDA. TENNESSEE. 303 
 
 ORANGE CO. 
 
 Argentiferous Galena 1 , on Lord Fairfax's property, said to 
 contain a considerable portion of silver. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 RICHMOND. 
 
 Gypsum, in crystals, apparently alluvial. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 ALACHUA SAVANNA. 
 
 Compact Limestone, light colored, resembling the predomi- 
 nant rock of Cuba, on the western border of this Savanna, 
 forming the nucleus of a considerable eminence, embracing 
 organic remains. (Sil. 9.126.J 
 
 ANASTASIA. 
 
 Shell Limestone, or a testaceous formation, constituting the 
 northern part of the island, and perhaps forming a substra- 
 tum of the whole of it, 2 or 3 m. from St. Augustine, op- 
 posite. It is an aggregate of fragments of various shells, 
 in horizontal stratified layers, which easily separate into 
 slabs. This rock has been used in this neighborhood 
 since 1565. The fort St. Mark, the church, and the gov- 
 ernment-house at St. Augustine, and the keys along the 
 sea shore are constructed of it. (J. A. /V. S. P. 4.14.) See 
 Eutaw springs, South Carolina, page 221. 
 
 TAMPA BAY. 
 
 Coral, mineralized, in Chalcedony, and Cacholong, is found 
 near this bay. 
 
 Hornstone, Flint, Agate, and Chalcedony occur in the south- 
 ern part of the secondary disirict. (Sil. 9.126.J 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 FRENCH BROAD RIVER. 
 
 Sulphuret of Mercury, or cinnabai, is said to have been found 
 near the source of this river, and to exist abundantly. (T 
 Nuttall.) 
 
304 ILLINOIS. MISSOURI. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 GALLATIN CO. 
 
 Oolite, in the township of Monroe, 4 m. W. of Cave-in Rock, 
 in detached masses, and may be seen in situ in some of the 
 old diggings made for the purpose of procuring lead, reg- 
 ularly stratified. (Sil. 9.19.) 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 Jade, along the banks of the Missouri, in pebbles, and some- 
 times imbedded in sard pebbles. (T. NuttalL) 
 
 MAHA VILLAGE. 
 
 Pulverulent Sulphate of Lime, near the village. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
 RED RIVER. 
 
 Siliceous Carbonate of Lime, massive, including a green sand. 
 (T. 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 MAINE. 
 
 PARIS. 
 
 Ferriferous Columbite, in crystals in granite, very similar to 
 
 those of Hadham, but larger, associated with 
 Spodumene, of a greenish white color. (T. Nuttall.) 
 
w 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 C/3 
 
 P^ < w 
 
 H tfH 
 
 HH W S 
 
 J wg 
 CQ 
 
 H p| 
 H- i .< 
 
 
 S 
 
 w 
 
 SBSUB>|jy 
 
 jjnossij^ 
 siotuni 
 'AVM 
 
 BUBIpUJ 
 
 ojqo 
 
 BUBisinoi 
 iddississi^ 
 
 BCUBqBIV 
 
 BU1JOJB3 qjnog 
 
 co : ^-t ::::::: r-i ::. 
 i-ico i:::::::::ci. 
 
 FH :::::::::::. 
 
 ;siQ : :^ 
 
 O iO CO : : 
 
 J> iQ rH lO ' 
 
 2> :^ : 
 
 CO 
 
 :Q| t : : 
 
 : : : : : O> : : 
 
 > rMrtf-. r^co^^^, 
 q : : : : O : : : : ^ 
 
TABULAR VIEW. 
 
 * OSS !W ::::: r : cq ::::::::::; ^ : ,0 :: X : 
 
 '"UU ::::::::?::::::::::::::::: 
 
 M'MM ::::: t ::::: i :::::::: :<M ::*: 
 
 B1V 
 
 r-i ^ :::: :::-:: t- ::::;:: -H <^ -::::.: 
 
 :--< :::;::::::::: t :.:::::::::::: 
 
 cqcj : ^ :<^rj< : : cc i> : : : : '-' ='-' : : : : :^ T * < '- 1 : : : : 
 
 T *N :ootO : : - CO : : 1-1 -^ : ' JCO^rH : ^ ^ : ; ^ a -> <-> : : :^i 
 
 *A'M : -'W : : ei : - QO : : : d : ^ ,-, *, M o .- : :^ 
 
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 H 'M *::::::::::::: 
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 b 
 
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 T3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '5 
 tr. 
 
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 ir 
 
 i 
 
 cc 
 
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 5*3 
 
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 coU 
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 >-v 'a 
 
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 '13 
 t > C 
 
 O 
 
 Elastic 
 iminous Woo 
 
 . 
 
 si 
 
 'o 
 
 *^OOcu*o*a'C M ' 
 
 ^- -^ 43 C CD ^ ' f> ^> ' 
 
 ysopiase 
 uamon Stone 
 
 v 
 
 42 2? * S e. B 3 5 u -= 
 
 CO CO Gti <U - ^" 1- 13 3 
 
 *^ ^J ro QQ f'Q pQ rQ p*| ^ *A -,^ 
 
TABULAR VIEW. 307 
 
 A :::::: co ::-.:-:::::;::::::::::: 
 103 'd :::::::::::::::.:;:::::::::: t 
 
 -H r: : :co : : : . 10 ^ :co : : : rrf- 1 : : - 
 
 T'M-<r-i-i : :cq : : : : eo e* :r^ : : : :co :rH :( >' 
 
 'A 'M oo -^ : : : ' O : : : ~< : co : * : : -< : : ' : -" : : co oo : - 
 
 * 10 : : ri ^ : : : * trfi-i : : 
 
 $ -s -I 
 
 S. Si i . ^% J~ fl5 
 
 3 **.< "S 3 
 
308 TABULAR VIEW. 
 
 ' '! 
 
 'OSSij\[ :::::; i :::: : ,-, ::;::::: :**-* :::;: 
 
 !III :::::::::::::::::: r ::::::::::: 
 
 M'AYN J ::::::.:::::::::::::::::::::-.: 
 
 UU8J, ::::::::::::::::::::::::::?::: 
 ;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 
 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::.;: 
 
 -g :::: 
 
 [03 -Q ::::::: : -::::::: t : : : : ** ::::::: 
 
 pj\[ ::.*::: : : :~ : :,-i~^ : :^ ::,-.:::: :~ ::;, 
 
 PQ :::::: : :::: :<* ::::::: :~ ::: :r*,* :: 
 
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 "\^ ::io:-H::::^f::co:i:-- : ' :: CO:::i>CO:: 
 
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 31A: : : : .' : : : CO : CO : Tt I-H : : : : : : 1 : : - : ^f i-t : : 
 
 \ 'I / - 11 '.g 1||I ' ' [L | 
 
 3-Ifj * ii'l'lNlIfiS : ^-ss^il 
 
 = "SSi S^H TJJSC.>"C~ ti s ' o 
 
 ^ CO ^ ^ * Q^T< rx ~* ~ *~* ^* r\ r ' . .AS ^rtiS- ^H _ 
 
 C -f _ -S w ^ 
 
 C - "^^u Oj-p^Up^^g^ 
 
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 o = >.2 >,S S'c. 13 
 
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TABULAR VIEW. 309 
 
 3j.iv :::::::::: ^ :::::: <o ::: 1-" :-< 1 ::::: ri 
 
 :::::::::::::!::;:::::::-*:::::: 
 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 
 *!PHI I::::::::::::-"::::::::::::::::: 
 Ojqo ::::::::: :ct :~ ::::::::::-::'.::: 
 
 ax ::::::::::-.::::::-,::::::::::::- 
 
 qejv ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 
 
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 "I *H - : : : :< ^ : : : :>0!M : : = - : :t- : : :COC ; l<-"ooeJCO'-' : -i : 
 
 
 i?? i|i ajs l B S | 
 
 111 ^3^J S 5 c5 
 
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 ^5 OOOOEKKKffiffi SA 
 40 
 
310 TABULAR VIEW. 
 
 X'MM s ::;::::::::::::::::::: : -, :::::: 
 
 qoiIM ::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::::: 
 
 ipui ::;:::::::::::::::::::: :^ :::::: 
 
 U^I :::::::::::::(*:::::::::::::::: 
 
 moi ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 
 
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 103'Q :::: :r- :::::::::::::::::::::.::: 
 
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 'I'M ::-<::-<- - e ; :: i ::r t << *'< : '- | CO::::!--::::: 
 
 'A 'M : : CO : CO W - ^ ' : iO : O : : : - ^ : : - : : : : : : ^ 
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 '-'OCO-' : -" 00 : 3 oo :cq :2^ : : : " : I2 : : :^<-"^ 
 
 : ^ : ^ ^ : ^ : *"* : ~* ' : : ' : ~" : : : : : w : : : : : : 
 
 H *N : : ^ : : : : : : w ~ "* : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 
 
 a : : : : CO ~ ::::::-:-<::::: : ^ : ; : : : : 
 
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 >>--* J S 3 . * -3' ' 
 
 lifirlilll&l s. 
 
 o^ 1 l^ll Ell 1*1 =f ' ' 
 
 li I ill II . s i| 
 
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 ii I III <s ji'ill/ 
 
 
TABULAR VIEW. 
 
 311 
 
312 TABULAR VIEW. 
 
 niT-T 
 
 V \L A* 
 
 CO > ' < CC CO > i i 
 
 'W :;;:::: :co :::::::: :^ :: :~ ::::::: 
 
 OSSIIV :::;:::: :c 4 :;:::::::::::_::::::: 
 
 UJIH ::::::: :co~ ::::::::::::::::::::: 
 
 M'MM ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 
 
 *q^!I\r ::: ** :::: a : ei ::::::::::::::::: d : 
 
 ipui ::;::::: :P* ::: :* ::: :PH ^ : r :::::::: 
 
 O'MO :::: ;:: -- d -:::::::::::::::::: 
 
 noi I:::::::::::::::::::;;::::::::: 
 
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 ' B IV ::::::!::'::::::::::;:::::: 5 " : 
 
 0|j{ :;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 
 
 03*) :::::::::.:;:::::::::;::::::::: 
 
 'O 'S : : : : : : : : :::::::::-::::: _: : : : : : : ' 
 
 'M : : : - : : : : : : - : = = ~ : : : : : : : : : : : 
 
 BA : T- -"- = : i W 5 ^ :::::::: : : : CO : : : : : : : 
 
 I3 'Q ' : ; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ' ' : ' ' : ' : : '' 
 
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 [9Q :::::: i-:::::::::::;::::::::::: : 
 
 uuaj :::: :co<Mr-i- :::::::-:,-.::: :^ ::->:::- 
 
 T 'M ' ^ : CO --' ^ co : : : : t-i : : : : : : ^, -. r-. : : : -H : : -" 
 
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 UO3 <s ::::::: co :::::::::::::: <?! ::::::<- 
 
 {j 'M ::::::::::::::::::::: 
 8W :::: f-i -H :::::::::: co ::::: 
 
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 P C5 ' ' ' O 
 
 .3 ,.o."-. . ' . . c 9 . 
 
 s a 5 t"8. ' 5>0 
 
 sfs .s . - 5 > ;|f| 5 -E| 
 
 **s 
 
 _a = 
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 c . ( 5 S 5 "- 
 
 B *S "o =* . > 
 
 aT o^a cfeoSoo 
 
 S^ObO bCC U t, 
 
 ~ ed cd cc a) x> 
 
TABULAR VIEW. 313 
 
 >3 I a V CO :::::: ^ : : : : : i : : : : : :_ : : : : : : : : i CM : 
 OSSl[\[ :::: -i : <M :::: CO :::::::::::: -i :::::: 
 
 \LA\W :::::::::::::::::::::-::: 
 
 8M ::::: :<r :::::::: :~ :::::::::::::: 
 ::::::::::'::::::::::::::::::: 
 I::::::::::-'::::::::::::::::::: 
 
 qsiV :::::::::::::: 
 'JOfj :::::::::::::: 
 
 'A "N C 03 : ^ : : : : : : ' : J^ : 00 : : - : -< : : : ^ : ~ 
 'UO3 lOTj-cc :-<*-< : : : : : : : : : ri :di-i : :t^ : : : : :rr 
 'I 'H : :-::::::::: n :::::: ^ :::::: ^ <O CO 
 
 'JA ^ : : : : : <^ : : : ' : ' ~ T -' : & ' *** ' : : : : : ^ ^ 
 i -tf :::::::'::::::::: :-H : ::::::: 
 ajM rf ^ rf *-.::: ^ :::::::::::::::::::: 
 
 S 
 
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 .tS g g"0 
 
 13 o .S S 
 
 | lisll.'ll'Llliilliliilllt 
 
 % I ^gglis- i52f2He!ccJ 
 
314 TABULAR VIEW. 
 
 "ONJ .-r iOoci^aoxT^io^ovoc^e^wioo^ 
 
 10 : : : : : ei d -H :::-<::-<: co -* : : : 1-1 : : : : : : : : 
 '.L'AIM ::::::::::;::: : ^ : ; :::::::::::: -< 
 
 U !4O : : : : f-^ :::::::::::;;::::::: CO <-":::: 
 
 " ua M ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 
 
 uuax :::::::::::::::::?:::::::::::: 
 
 
 p^::::^:^^:::^::-.:-,;::-,;^:^:::::: 
 *f 'M - 1 : : : : : tfl : : : : - -< t ::;::: -H -H co CO : : : : Cl 
 
 CO d <O O O <O 10 00 CO CO ~ *P - ^ rn : : ^ ^ CO : ^J co ^ - 1 CO "^ : : 
 
 : ^ ::: f-i :: co co 
 
 3 ^ .2 
 
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 w tlr c^ u t- 
 
 s o >N eg o .2 S 
 
 ' -c ' t- c ^ ' ' ' o a ' M 5 " 
 
 2 - KS1 "I 5, -.-B^ 
 
 N s I* = i ? I - = si!.? 
 
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TABULAR VIEW. 
 
 315 
 
 'M 'X 5 =4 w S 
 
 'W :: -t ::: JH :::::::: (M : 
 ossi[\[ :::::; oo :::: co * :: -^ :: 
 
 "X'MM :::::::::: :** ::::: i ::::::::::::: 
 qoitM :;;:::::::,-.::,-,::::::;:::::::::: 
 ipuj :,M ::: :ei :::;::: :^ :: . :::::::::::: 
 : <N -::: <O :::::: ^ : 1-1 ::::::::: i ::::: 
 
 UU3X ::::::::::;:::::::::;::::::::: 
 noi :;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::; 
 
 'O 'S : : ' ' ' : : : : : : : : ' .'. ' ' - : 
 
 '3 'U : IQ -H ::;::::: i> : : : : oo : H eq : i-t -H : 
 
 B^y : ^ :::: ffi ::: -^ t ;:; ^ :;::: 10 r-t : 
 
 103 "a :::::::::::::::::::::::: 
 
 ' : :cq : : : : : : : <-< :-< : :-tri^^ :~< :co 
 
 :iorn-^ : : : : : :coco :^H Zr-iffi-i-HCi :co^ 
 
 'H ' 
 
 '5b . 
 
 >O 3 O 
 
 ^-CO*-'^3CD'i3^i p_^ W 
 
 5 en .S *_2 o c -M rt = '3 
 
 J3 ^*^ -5 J "5 - " c*.2 ' 
 
 CC 55 i/2 O2 C/2 (W C/2 C/2 C/2 C H 
 
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 <t .- O O O 
 
 HH HHH 
 
316 
 
 TABULAR VIEW. 
 
 -N C4 - 
 
 OSSjlv ::::::::<*::::::::: 
 
 !1II ::::::::::::_:::::: 
 
 tpiJV : s ::::::::::::::::: 
 
 '!P"1 :::;::::::::::::::: 
 
 OHIO ::::::::::::::.-:-< 
 
 UUfX ::::::::::::::::::: 
 
 BIV :::::::::::::::::::::: 
 
 0[J ::::::::::::::::..:: r 
 
 090 :::;:::::::: s :::;: s :: 
 
 '3 'S ::::::::::::: : :::::::: 
 
 '0 'M -< : : : : : : : : ::::::::::: : 
 
 A :::::::::::::::::::::: 
 
 *p[AJ r- ::: r-< f-i :::;;_:<::: : : - -H : 
 
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 J* ^ ^ C*I5^dj f^i ^f CO C^ I t^ ^O CO CO * 
 
 'A 'M i> : : : : :w :PH : :cq^5cq-H : : : :<? : 
 
 UUO3 2 <M : :co : : f-t :rf<N :^ : :rn :^ 
 
 H 'N : . : 
 
 9 W ^ _ : ^ 
 
 0) T3 
 IH *X 
 
 SO 
 
 "5 = li| 
 
 O o = x ^ 
 
 . is '5cO 
 
 ^Sr^g 
 
 13 "s fe g 
 >-Ufe^o 
 
 Tremol 
 Tungst 
 
 S s 
 
 
 ?fil*!H 
 
 d c/2 , 
 
 * ^S' 
 
 ^..jf-a^g 
 
 H ?c= gc, 
 
 Ilillll 
 
 S3 
 
 fl 
 
 se ^j" 
 
 Ir3 
 
 -SJS 
 
 S^ii^'^S r2 
 
 iiJllilil 
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY