PRESENTER TO THE SOVEREIGN PONTIFF, $* i3tu0 vii. MDCCCXVIII. II. A LETTER TO THE CARDINAL-BISHOP OF SABINUM, AND LATE PREFECT OF THE S. CONGREGATION OF Mpcccxym. I #0t $ub\Wt*>] to - \* The term Rescript, as used in the following Pages, is to be taken in the largest construction of Pontifical Built Brieves and other instruments, whether proceeding, immediately, from the Sovereign Pontiff, or any of the Ministers, or functionaries of the See of Rome : and, also, extending to Letters, mandatory, of the Generals of Monastic Orders. ERRATA. Page 5, line 8, for nearly read substantially 13, line 8, before intercourse add the 33, line 19, for n' execute" e read ni executte 46, line 24, for receive read exercise 50, note, dele annexed 66, line 20, for Card. Companelli read Card. Campanelli 81 , line 22, for legis read leges j 90, note, dele garde 116, line 14, for vivera read viveva 117, line 1, dele the Letter to Cardinal Litta. Page 20, line 24, for alarms read claims %* Many inaccuracies of punctuation also require correction. PRESENTED TO THE SOVEREIGN PONTIFF, $. lius vii. MDCCCXVIII. #ot $n*iirt!*. Rupert Street, Haymarket, London. REFERENCES TO THE u STATEMENT OF FACTS." UJ . >- 'I g Extract of the Address and Remonstrance of the General Board 2 of the Roman Catholics of Ireland to H. H. P. Pius VII. dated Dublin, July 19tb, 1817 Page 4 Extract of a Letter of Dr. Dromgoole, dated Rome, 6th March, 1S16 7 Extract of a Speech of Dr. Dromgoole, at the Catholic Board of Dublin, (printed by his authority) on the 8th of November, lllS. 8 Extract from the Works of Professor Schram, a Benedictine 3-, Monk, on the subject of the Regium Exequatur. ... 32 S? Extract of a State Paper of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, on the ^ subject of the Regium Exequatur, dated 5th March, 1816. ^ 32 Q= Extract from an Edict of the King of Naples, respecting- the < intromission of Papal Rescripts, dated 2nd September, 1 8 1 7 . 33 Extract from the Speech of the Minister of the Interior, of the French Government, on the 22nd of April, 1817, respecting the publication of Papal Rescripts 33 The R. C. Vicar Apostolic, in Sweden, licensed by the King. 37 Statement respecting the Ex-Jesuits in Great Britain and Ire- land. 44, &c. o Copy of an official Note of the Cardinal Secretary of State, to the ^ Minister of Portugal, in Home, respecting the Bull of Re- | vival of the Order of Jesuits, dated 22nd October, 1815. 53 Extract of a Letter, containing many gross misrepresentations respecting the Cardinal Secretary of State, the Hanoverian Minister, the British Consul, &c. dated, Rome, 4th October, 1817 Page 60 30?'92G 2 Of the Reform of the Colleges of the National Secular Clergy in Rome 64 Of the commercial Relations between the Pontifical State and Great Britain. 69 Extract of a Letter of the Rt. Hon. Edmund Burke. . . 70 Extract of a Letter from H. H. Pius VII. dated St. Georgto, Venice, 10th May, 1800 72 Extract from an Edict of the French Government, dated St. Cloud, 1815 73 Extract of a Letter from the late Rev. Mr. Eustace. . . 75 Of the report of the Friar, Richard Hayes, stying himself "late "Delegate of the Roman Catholics of Ireland," dated 25th December, 1817 . 79 Of the Concordatum between Rome and Naples, dated 2nd September, 1817, and the subsequent Edict of the 6th of April, containing an explanation respecting Pontifical Re- scripts. 83, 84 Of Bishop Collingridge's Pastoral Letter ^86 Of the vacillating conduct of Bishop Milner, . . . . 87 References to the Notes. Extract from the Pontifical Brief, dated 1st February, 1816, addressed to the Roman Catholic Prelates of Ireland. Pa. 94 Address and Remonstrance of the General Board of Roman Catholics of Ireland, to H. H. P. Pius VII. dated July 19th, 1817 -97 The Pope's reply to the above, and particularly respecting the Father Richard Hayes, dated 21st February, 1818. . 101 Extracts from Bishop Milner's Letter to a Parish Priest, dated 1st August, 1818. . 108 Extract of Bishop Milner's proposal to the late Rt. Honble. George Ponsonby 109 Extract from a Letter to Sir J. C. Hippisley, to H. H. P. Pius VI. respecting the National Institutions of Rome, dated Rome, 17th February, 1795. .......... 112 Reply of H. H. P. Pius VI. to the preceding Letter, dated 26th February, 1795. .......'. 112 s A Letter from the R. C. Metropolitan Prelates of Ireland, to Sir J. C. Hippisley, dated Dublin, 4th December, 1808. 1 IT Letter from the R. C. Prelates of Scotland, to Sir J. C. Hip- pisley, dated 26th August, 1801 118 Extract of a Circular Letter from the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation of Propaganda Fide, to the R. C. Prelates of Great Britain and Ireland, dated 7th February, 17 95. 1 19 Letter from the Secretary to the Congregation of State, dated 26th May, 1795 120 Extracts of Speeches of Sir J. C. H. on the subject of the Ca- tholic Claims, from 1805 to 1812 inclusive. ... 126 Eetracts of Speeches, &c. of the late Bishops of Llandaff, Elfin, St. Asaph, and of the Bishop of Norwich 130 Letter to Cardinal Litta. Copy of a Licence obtained through Cardinal Severoli, when Nuncio at Vienna, for the establishment of the Jesuits in Great Britain, Ireland, and the Colonies. . . Page 15 Of the Claims of Alien R. C. Prelates to the exercise of Spiritual Jurisdiction within the British Colonies, and of the pro- ceedings of Bishop Hussey at Madrid and at Paris. [Note] 20 Extracts from the Appendix of the Report of the Select Com- mittee of 24th June, 1716, respecting the regulations of Pontifical Rescripts in Tuscany 22 Extract of the Municipal Law of the Austrian Empire, respect- ing Pontifical Rescripts 22 Note respecting an Address presented to H. H. P. Pius VII. in favor of the College at Stonyhurst 26 A Note of the Conference between Mr. Secretary Peel and Mr. Kenney, President of the College at Castle Browne, in Ireland, as stated by Mr. Peel in Parliament. ... 29 Of the Conduct of several of the Continental States respecting the proceedings of the Society of Jesuits, subsequent to the date of the Pontifical Bull of the Revival of the Order. . . 34 Of Mr. Butler's Historical Memoirs of the Church of France, in relation to the Society of Jesuits. . . . . . '. . 37 4 References to the recorded Opinions of the Spanish Bishops, Melchior Cano, and Palafox,and also of Archbishop Browne of Dublin, respecting the Society of Jesuits. . . 39, &c. Extracts from Supplementary Papers printed by both Houses of Parliament, 27th March, 1818, respecting the Jesuits in various States of Europe 47 Copy of the Address presented to H. H. P. Pius VII. in favour of the College of Stonyhurst SO Notice taken by Mr. Butler, in His " Historical Memoirs" of Sir John Hippisley's Parliamentary Conduct respecting the Catholic Claims 53 Copy of a Note annexed to the Report of Sir J. C. H. 's Speech introductory of his Motion for a Select Committee, on the 11th of May, 1813, with Extracts of the Resolutions of the R. C. Prelates, Aggregate Meetings in Ireland, &c. &c. 55 Extracts of Speeches of Viscount Castlereagh, the Right Hon. George Canning, the Right Hon. H. Grattan, &c. respecting the Report of the Select Committee 62 Anomalies of the Law respecting the State of the Roman Catholics in several parts of the United Kingdom. . .... 64 A Note respecting the concession of the Representative Franchise to Roman Catholics, the mode of regulating Elections, in the event such a concession took place. . . .... 67 Extract from a Letter of Bishop Milner respecting the O at h- Billof 181/.J - . . 73 ERRATA. Notes to the Letter of Cardinal Litta. Page 20, line last, for constitution read regulations. 31, line 24, for does not disavow, read avowed. 55, line 8, for preparatory read prefatory. 70, line 27, for the cause assigned, read that cause was assigned. 72, line 9, dele, and the Colonies. [COPY.] To the Lord Viscount Castlereagh, K. G. Secre- tary of State for Foreign Affairs, &c. c. <%c. c. London. Rome, April 28, 1818. My Lord ; The circumstances which led to the accompanying " Statement of Facts," will, I trust, justify both its original destination, and its present transmission to your Lordship as the head of that department of the State, in which the " Inquiry," preceding the " Report " adverted to in the following pages had originated. The confidence reposed in me, at that period, by your Lordship, and likewise by Earl Bathurst, when charged with the Seals of the Foreign Department, during your Lordship's absence from England, has a natural claim to my defence of a measure, which had been adopted under such high official authority, and sanctioned by a vote of Parliament. B 2] The reiterated and gross misrepresentations, espe- cially directed to excite prejudice and alarm in the minds of the Sovereign Pontiff and his Ministers, and to indispose the great mass of the Catholic population of the United Kingdom, against the government of the state, and the principles of the constitution, will, I trust, also be considered as a sufficient inducement to shield this proceeding from the imputation of an unwarrantable and officious interposition. The short interval allowed me to avail myself of the despatch of a French courier, must serve me as some apology for transmitting the Papers in a state, which, from their bulk, I have no present means to improve. I forward them, under a flying seal, to His Majesty's Ambassador at Paris, and in any respect in which they can be considered of utility, they are necessarily subjected to your Lordship's disposition. I have the honour to be, With great respect, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient Servant, (Signed) J. C. HIPPISLEY. [COPY.] A Statement of Facts presented to the Sovereign Pontiff P. Pius VII. In compliance with the desire expressed by His Holiness, Sir J. C. Hippisley thinks it his duty to state, distinctly, the substance of his communications at the audience with which he was recently honoured at the palace of the Quirinal. When Sir J. H. presumed to request that His Excellency Monsignor Riario Sforza, Maestro di Camera to His Holiness, might be present during this audience, he could not but anticipate mis- construction and perversion on the part of those, who, for such a length of time, had been active in misleading their fellow-subjects, by fictions and calumnies of the grossest imposture. On such an occasion, those who had not hesitated to libel, at once, the government of their own country and that of His Holiness, would be forward to calumniate *] the motive and subject of Sir J. H.'s audience Even his present visit to the Continent had already been gravely represented in an aggregate assembly, or " General Board of the Catholics of Ireland," as directed to heap injuries upon the cause of the Catholic Petitioners to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and a formal resolution, to that effect, had been voted, in order to be transmitted to the See of Rome*. In reply to such assertions and insinuations, Sir J. H. must request permission to advert to a few * [This Resolution was, in a subsequent meeting, followed by an Address, of which the following is an Extract : Extract from " The humble Address and Remonstrance of the " General Board of the Roman Catholics of Ireland," to H. H. P. Pius V1L dated " Board Room, Dublin, July 19, 1817." Signed " By order, " Edw. Hay, Secretary of the Catholics of Ireland." " We cannot avoid declaring to Your Holiness, that our " apprehension of undue and temporal interference are much " increased, by learning that Your Holiness is soon to be " addressed in person, by one of the most active opponents to ** the independence and purity of the Irish Catholic Church, * Sir John Cox Hippisley. We earnestly conjure Your Holiness *' to give no credit to his representations of any portion of the " Irish people. He has exhausted all the resources of his " ingenuity to find precedents of degradation and despotism in " ecclesiastical matters, in order to apply them to the prejudice " of the Catholic Claims in Ireland."] $3r The Notes which are inserted between [ J were not annexed to the original Statement. observations made in Parliament, when the subject of Catholic institutions was therein last debated, especially as the report of that debate appears in a journal, edited by a Catholic, who has rarely been sparing of his animadversions upon Sir J. H.'s parliamentary conduct. The report of tin's eeing connected also, by the writer, with that destination, Sir J. H. thinks it incumbent on him, to say, that he shall never shrink from avowing the motives of his conduct, as connected with those national establish- ments. The national 'Catholic clergy, during a period of more than twenty years, anterior to the last residence [65 of Sir J. H. in Rome*, had endeavoured to procure a reform in favour of national Secular Superiours, and, in this object, they have been, at least, indirectly sanctioned with the approval of the British Govern- ment. While seminaries, expressly appropriated to the education of British subjects, existed at Rome, the system and tendency of that education could not, in a national view, be of indifferent considera- tion. Sir J. H. thought it his duty, by availing himself of a fortunate concurrence of circumstances, to aid the applications, which, till then, had been unsuccessful, and he had the gratification to see the reform recognised by an explicit order of the late Sovereign Pontiff, and practically confirmed by his no less revered successor. The principle on which Sir J. H. thought himself justified to urge the reform, was this : He con- ceived, that though the See of Rome had a just claim to be assured that the youth, so educated, were brought up in the strictest devotion to the dogma, and essential discipline of her own Church ; yet, the British Government had a no less impe- rious interest in securing their early attachment to the civil constitution of the State, in which they were destined to exercise their spiritual functions. As British subjects, these young persons had great duties to acquit, which required a clear discernment * [From the year 1792 to 1795 inclusive} the motives above stated, were also stated, by Sir J. H., in Parliament.] K 66] of their extent and obligation. To ensure these advantages to the national Secular* Colleges, no means could be devised more effective, than to com- mit the superintendance of instruction to national Superiours of the Secular clergy, selected (as in the instances of the Abbes Macpherson and Gradwell, the Rectors of the Scotch and English Colleges) by the national Catholic Prelates, who, having themselves taken the oaths of civil allegiance to the Crown, might be answerable, that the Superiours of the seminaries should, previous to their appointment, afford the same constitutional test. An education, conducted on any other principles, must necessarily be foreign to the manners, the habits, and the interests of their native country, and to the claims of its esta- blished government. In urging this reform, Sir J. H. had the gratifica- tion to find himself early supported by their Emi- nences the Cardinal Dean Albania and the Cardinal Datary Ccfmpanelli, then, severally, in the Protecto- rates of the Scotch and English Colleges, and, also, of the Cardinals Antonelli and Gerdil, successively in the Prefecture of the Congregation of Propaganda Fide. The original correspondence of all these eminent persons with Sir J. H. is now in his pos- session in Home. His Holiness will readily recollect * [ The distinction of Secular, is here opposed to that of Regular, which is limited to the Monastic or Conventual clergy.] 67] the part taken by Sir J. H. in relation to these colleges, during his own Pontificate, as well as his own gracious acceptance and approval of the sug- gestions, which Sir J. H. considered himself bound to offer, in the course of these transactions. It would be an act of great injustice to the memory of another eminent and illustrious personage, were Sir J. H. to omit recording the zealous efforts of the late Cardinal of York, as directed towards the nati- onal institutions. " I approve," says His Eminence, in writing to Sir J. H. " your intention of addressing " His Holiness, with regard to the affair of the " colleges, concerning which, any application for my " good offices, is quite superfluous, since both con- " science and inclination, honour and obligation, ** require all my possible endeavours, where there is " a question of my nation and country*." With regard to the reform of the National Col- leges, Sir J. H. during his former residence in Rome acted unbidden, and unaccredited by any Minister of the Crown but, in the month of January 1800 subsequent to the decease of the late Sovereign Pontiff, and previous to the elevation of His present Holiness Sir J. H. was authorised, by the Ring's Government, to transmit a Memoir to Sir Arthur Paget, then accredited to the Court of Naplesf, * [ Dated, Frascati, 17th Oct. 1800.] t [The Roman, State was at that time in the possession of the Neapolitan Armv.1 68] stating the measures pursued by Sir J. H. in relation to those National Institutions, at Rome, to the pur- port of obtaining the restoration of the property ori- ginally belonging to them, and which had been confiscated. To what extent, the intercourse which Sir J. H. had, at a former period, entertained with the Pontifical Government, had been sanctioned by his own will best appear by the existing Docu- ments ; that .of a more recent date, connected with other Continental Governments, with relation to the Parliamentary Report bear the authority of the Ministers of the Crown, superscribed on the face of the Report itself. The various official communications of Sir J. H. with the Government of the late Sovereign Pontiff, are generally recognised in the annexed Letters of the Congregation of Propaganda Fide, of the 7th of February, 1795 and of the Congregation of State, of the 27th May, in the same year. After nearly two centuries and a half, during which, no political or ecclesiastical intercourse, between the two Courts, was permitted, or at least, avowed with an excep- tion to a few letters, which had passed between the Cardinals De la JLanze and Buoncompagni, and the late Mr. Dutens, at that time appointed Secretaiy of Embassy to the Court of Spain Sir J. H. had the gratification of finding that, through his own instrumentality, this state of estrangement was inter- rupted, and an intercourse revived, calculated to guarantee great national interests to either country. He had also the gratification of having his conduct, [69 on that occasion, distinctly approved, both by the Government of his own country, and that of His Holiness. In the present intercourse with the minis- ters of His Holiness, he has no claim to such official sanction, nor wishes to derive any credit to himself, but that alone which results from the integrity of his motives. His real object has always been one and the same to give a free scope and current, to the investigation of a subject, which has been impeded and turned from its natural channel, by men, who have rather studied their private ends, than the right solution of a question, which deeply affects the peace, and prosperity of millions of their fellow-subjects : and, to repeat an expression which he has, upon another occasion, used " to raise a great fabric of " national strength, upon the extinction of national *' prejudices." With this great end in view, and with the concur- rence of the Ring's Government, at a former period, the improvement of the commercial relations between the two States, also engaged much of Sir J. H.'s attention. There is now, fortunately, a regularly accredited channel, by the appointment of a British Consul-General, in the Roman State ; an appoint- ment the best adapted to secure the facility and improvement of such relations and to demonstrate how important this object has been considered, here- tofore, by very intelligent Ministers, Sir J. H. has thought it advisable to transmit, both to the Cardinal Secretary of State, and to the British Consul-General, 70] the original correspondence, before mentioned, of the Cardinals De la Lanze, and Buoncompagni*, in the year 1777, and 1786, and likewise the Letters of the late Earl of Liverpool, when presiding at the Commercial Board of Great Britain, in the years 1786, and 1794. These eminent and considerable persons, then concurring in opinion, that the com- mercial relations of either State were susceptible of great improvement, with reciprocal advantage. Of this opinion was, also, a truly great man, whose provident judgment had been long and justly hailed by the applauding voice of the whole civilized world ; and, who was not more solicitous for a firm and easy footing of commercial intercourse, than for the union of political interests, in a considerable degree, between the two countries. " I confess," says Mr. Burke writing to Sir J. H. in the year 1793, " I would, if the matter rested with me, enter into much more distinct and avowed political connections, with the Court of Rome, than hitherto we have held. If we decline, then the bigotry will be on our part, and not on that of His Holiness. Some mischief has happened, and much good, has, I am convinced, been prevented, by our unnatural alien- ation. If the present state of the world has not taught us better things, our errour is very much our fault. This good correspondence could not * [Cardinal Buoncompagni was, sometime, Secretary of State to the late P. Pius VI. , and also Cardinal Legate at Bologna.'} [71 " begin more auspiciously, than in the person of the " present Sovereign Pontiff, who unites the Royal " and Sacerdotal character, with advantage and " lustre to both. He is, indeed, a Prelate, whose " dignity as a Prince, takes nothing from his humi- ' lity as a Priest and whose mild condescension, " as a Christian Bishop, far from impairing in him, " exalts the awful and imposing character of the " Secular Sovereign." But, the various excellencies of the venerable Pontiff, thus eulogised with so much justice and feel- ing, by the most eloquent of the British Senate were not sufficient to protect his sacred person from the fury of that storm, which selected virtue for its mark, and religion for its victim ! The people of England were not indifferent spectators, either of the indignities offered to Pius VI.* or the sufferings of his successor. Kindred they were in blood so were their sufferings also kindred in their origin since the same elevation, and the same sanctity of character, were, in either case, the passport to afflic- tion ! and now that " this tyranny is overpast" they are loud and unanimous in their congratu- lations, trusting, that the amiable charities of his * [ Mr. Pitt, in a Speech in Parliament, observed, that " the outrageous insults offered to the late Pope, were so mul- " tiplied, in spite of the sanctity of his age, and the unsullied " purity of his character, that, even to a Protestant, they " seemed hardly short_of the guilt of sacrilege."] 72] private life, and the mild and temperate adminis- tration of his public duties will ever secure to His Holiness, the elevated attachment of his subjects. Nor, is it too much to hope or expect, that nations, which have been united in the conflicts of Conti- nental disasters, will not regard each other, as strangers, in the present season of peace and pros- perity. And here, Sir J. H. may, he trusts, be indulged in the gratifying recollection of those gracious assurances, which he had the honour to receive, immediately from His Holiness, so early after his elevation to the Pontificate almost from the very bosom of the Conclave* when, speaking of the late venerable Sovereign Pontiff His Holiness was pleased to observe " E come il suddetto gloriossimo " Pontefice ha data tante e si palest riprove delV " ulta stima die aveva della generosa Nazione " Ingleze, e del suo magnanimo e giusto Governo, " e si e fatto emparticolar pregio di coltivarne la " buona armonia, ed amici%ia, e dimostrargli, in " ogni occasione, il piiipremurosa attanamento, cost " ancor noi, insistendo sopra le sue pedati, ci studl- " eremo in egual maniera di conservare gelosamente " questa reciproca buona intelligenxa ed unione, e " non permetteremO) per quanto le nostreforxe le " concederanno, che V Inghilterra si accorga, eke " nella Romana Cattedra, sieda un altro Pontefice, " diver so da quello di cui ha potuto si costantentente " conoscere i riguardi e V amichia verso di lei." ;r ! 1 * [Data in Ventzia St.Georgi* 10 Maggii, 1800.] [73 To individuals of the British nation, these gracious assurances are hourly verified, in reiterated acts of benevolence and condescension while the nation' itself, in its justice, cannot but indignantly revert to the Edict*, fulminated from the Palace of St. Cloud, which stript Rome of its fairest provinces, and assigned, as the justifiable and only motive, " Que le " Souverain actuel de Rome, a constamment refuse " dejaire la guerre aux Anglais." But, reverting to the opinions expressed by Mr. Burke, and the period when delivered, Sir J. H. must necessarily give them additional weight, from the channel by which they were communicated in fact, deriving a sort of official character from that communication, being addressed to Sir J. H., under a flying seal, covered with an official letter from one of the Ring's principal Secretaries of State f, expressing also the approval, by that Minister, of the measures adopted by Sir J. H. in negociation with the Roman Government, and adding, " that the " consequences of the steps taken by you, on this " important occasion, will, I am persuaded, be of " material advantage to His Majesty's service^." * [1805.] f [Lord GrenvilletoSir J. C. H.daled Whitehall, ^th Oct. 1793.] X [ Lord Hood, when commanding- in Chief in the Mediter- ranean, wrote to Sir J. H. from Toulon, representing, " that he " had 10,000 troops to feed, in addition to his fleet, and all the 4 * inhabitants of Toulon, who were in the greatest distress L 74] That relations of mutual interest may exist, in the full spirit of Christian charity, between nations of different Christian Communions, is a position that needs no proof or example, in the enlightened mind of the chief of the Christian world. But the Sceptic and the Bigot, may recur to the Constitutions of the great Autic Council, and the Chamber of Wetdar, where the Members of the Roman, the Lutheran, and the reformed Communions sat together, and judged, '* that the enemy had cut off the water from the mills/' &c. No supplies could be obtained from Naples or Leghorn, there having been a general failure of crops but, on Sir J. H.'s repre- sentation to the late Pope, Pius VI., His Holiness immediately granted a supply of grain, for 12,000 men, for three months, with a large quantity of cattle, which were increased, from time to time afterwards ; the whole of this supply was charged to the British Government, at 40 per cent, under the last market prices, and delivered on the coast, free of all duties, and expense of transit. At the instance of the late Lord Minto then the Civil Ple- nipotentiary in the Mediterranean, and afterwards Viceroy of Corsica' His Holiness allowed Sir J. H. to give directions for receiving a number of Touloncsc Royalists, in the Pontifical State also to recruit emigrant regiments and granted, also, large supplies of gunpowder for Corsica. On the arrival of M. Barthelemi at Basil, the proposal of a treaty between the Governments of Rome and the French Direc- tory, was strongly urged and it was proposed that Monsignor Pierachi, who had been Vice- Legate at Avignon, should be sent to treat with Barthelemi Sir J. H. drew up a Memorial of Remonstrance on this occasion, which was laid before the Council of State, by the Cardinal Dean Albani, and, afterwards, transmitted to the Pope, at Terracina who expressed his appro- val of it and the measure in contemplation was abandoned.] [75 in common, the great Causes, and Appeals, from every part of the German Empire. The foundation of the principle is deeply laid, on the vital spirit of Christianity itself, nor, can it be more impressively recognised, than it has been by a late interesting writer, an Englishman, and an Ecclesiastic of the Roman Communion, who lias carried with him to a too early grave, the esteem and affection of his countrymen and whose literary remains composed, in a great part, within the walls of the " Eternal City," to use his own phrase will be read, witli delight and improvement, in every age, and in every nation. The late Mr. Eustace, whose name and person will, probably, be well remembered by His Holiness, in the introduction to his Account of the States of Italy, with great sensibility, observes, " Surely, every candid and consistent Englishman will admit that Christianity is excellent in all her forms ; that all Christian establishments receive the same primitive Creeds, and admit the same moral obligations, that it becomes a benevolent and charitable mind to consider rather in what they agree, than in what they differ, especially, as the former is so much, and the latter, compara- tively, so little, that the whole spirit of Christia- nity is, like its divine Author, immutable, its external form may change with the age, and the climate, and, that Catholic as well as Protestant nations, may be allowed, to adopt, in religion, as 76] " Well as in civil life, such forms, and rites, as may " seem best calculated to ensure order and respect ; " that whether the Gospel be read in the language, " and according to the simple forms of the Church " of England* or, whether it be chaunted in Greek, " or Latin, with all the splendour of the Roman " ritual, it is always, and every where, the same " voice of truth ^-the same tidings of salvation ! " that all hope to receive at the Eucharistic table, " the same pledge of redemption, and that all " resign their souls, in death, to the same merciful " Father, with humble hopes of forgiveness through " the same gracious Redeemer ! That there should " be such an universal agreement in these great ** and interesting articles must be a subject of con- " solation and pious acknowledgment to every bene- " volent mind. If we have not knowledge enough " to coincide in speculation, we may at least have " charity enough to agree in practice, by treating " each other's opinions with tenderness, and in all our " differences and discussions, keeping in view that " beautiful maxim, inculcated by a very learned, a " very zealous, and a very benevolent Father*, " * In necessariis iinitas, in dubiis libertas, in " * omnihus cartas' " " In truth,*' concludes this amiable, and truly Christian writer, speaking of himself, " Reconcilia- * [St. Augustine.] [77 " tion, and union, are the objects of his warmest " wishes, of his most fervent prayers, they occupy " his thoughts, they employ his pen; and if a stone " shall happen to mark the spot, where his remains " are to repose, that stone shall speak of peace and * reconciliation !" With this affecting appeal to the charities of Chris- tians, and with a very few additional observations, Sir J. H. will beg to close this lengthened recapitula- tion, extended to a length, indeed, much beyond his intentions* and, for which, he must earnestly solicit the indulgence of His Holiness. His best apology, will be found in the important bearing of the subject, and, if, occasionally, incidental mention have been made, of a private and particular sort, it is because Sir J. H. is well aware that it was necessary to notice the abuse and repel the charges, which, unre- futed, might tend to impair the gracious confidence of His Holiness. But, the private calumnies and defamation of the present leaders of the great mass of Irish Catholics though, like the blow of jBrutus, they are inflicted by the hands of those, whose best interests he has so much consulted^ will pass into easy oblivion. He is sufficiently well read in the history of the world, to know, that, in great popular questions, the advocate for moderation will ever be traduced, and that the meed of popular credit, is only conferred on men, who substantiate zeal for reason, and derive all their influence, from minds, prepared, and heated by themselves. 78] If, among the members of the National Establish- ment, there be still many who retain the influence of hereditary and deeply rooted prejudices, against further duly-regulated concessions to their Catholic fellow-subjects, there are, it is to be believed, as many and as soundly attached to the constitution of their country who are no less convinced by long reflection and sound examination that there is nothing, in nature, or reason, or religion, which forbid them, nor are they less convinced, that an intimate union, between the British Government, and that of the Pontifical States, may exist, with advantages great and mutual to the two countries both in a political and commercial view. There is every pledge and hostage given to its establish- ment and its perpetuity, in the present dispositions, unequivocally manifested by the two Governments. The prejudice and ignorance and bigotry which formerly opposed insuperable barriers as they ap- peared, at least to all intimacy and connection, have now retired before a better acquaintance with each other, and a more perfect understanding of the prin- ciples of civil government and foreign relations. And, if these ripening proofs of a more enlightened age have been checked in the quarter where it should have been least expected, and the turbulence of the leaders, and misguided proceedings of the Irish associations, have produced obstacles, such as have been adverted to, Sir J. H. confidently feels, that His Holiness, in his wisdom, will deem their violence unworthy of his sanction, and that he will not think [79 it too much for the English people to require, that while the established religion gives, with liberality, the tolerated religion shall ask, with moderation, and, while the Protestant abandons his prejudices, the Catholic shall retain his loyalty, with the con- viction, that in a state, fundamentally Protestant, some shades of an exclusive character, may not unreasonably exist, as respects his own relative condition. If it were otherwise, the constitution itself, must give way, in its essential character, inas- much, as, by the express conditions of that constitu- tion, at the instant the Sovereign ceases to be Pro- testant, the crown falls from his head, and the subject is discharged of his allegiance. At the very moment of concluding the preceding notes, and when Sir J. H. is most anxious to avoid a further intrusion upon the patience, and valuable time of His Holiness, another paper, is transmitted to Rome, under the signature of " Richard Hayes;' styling himself, ? late Delegate of the Roman 80] " Catholics of Ireland," dated 25th December, 1817. This paper contains the " Report of his proceed- " ings in his mission to Rome" avowing himself, also, to be the author of a Parody, under the title of the " Antivetoistical Catechism :" in other respects, the narrative is of the same description of calumnious representation, which characterises the whole of his correspondence. Whatever merit he may wish to derive from this new effort of his inventive genius, it is for the immediate constituents of the suspended Friar to determine, whether the charge of 800 sterling, made upon them for his expenditure, will be adequately compensated by his avowal of this additional service, combined with the tortuous labours, and disgraceful result of Ins original mission. Sir J. H. deemed it incumbent upon him, to transmit the " Reports " of the Friar Hayes, to the Cardinal Secretary of State, and, in presenting this recapitulation to His Holiness, in person, he feels it also his duty to say, that, though he has had no previous communication with the Cardinal Secre- tary of State, respecting it, he proposes to transmit copies to that Minister, both in the Italian and English languages, in the apprehension, of having, inadvertently, adopted, some expression of a language not his own which may not have been the best suited to his object. The facts, nevertheless, he trusts, are clearly stated, and it is to facts, alone, [81 that Sir J. H. has presumed to solicit the attention, and candid consideration of His Holiness to facts, indeed, which are incontrovertible. Before Bishop Milner's aberration from a course, which was, at once, creditable to his character, and understanding, that Prelate, justly conscious of the influence which attaches to the Episcopal character in his " Letter to a Parish Priest," thus expresses himself: " It is wise to anticipate mischief of every " kind, in order to guard against it. If the Prelates " should abide by what they have solemnly resolved " upon*, they will have nothing more to do, than " what is perfectly within their sphere, namely, to " enlighten their people, and shew them how grossly " they have been imposed upon, both as to facts " and reasoning" In deploring the uninformed state of that grossly misled people, Bishop Milner might, in the spirit of his own observations, have, opportunely, concurred, with Sir J. H. who had before availed himself of the reflexions of a sagacious Spanish writer Sahedo, who, in his Commentaries " ad legits" so justly observes, " Nidla pestis " gravior est regnis, rebusque publicis, quam " ignorantia ; nam cum in populis hcec dominatur, " animos hominum, furore sic interdiim exagitat, * [In the Resolutions of the Irish Roman Catholic Prelates, 1799.] M 82] " ut rationi penitus valde contradicat. Nihil pacta, " conventiones, aut leges curat ; suo tantum fertur " arbritrio, bene gerendarum rerum tristis, utque " ignara." With the highest consideration and respect, &c. &c. &c. (Signed) J. C. HIPPISLEY. Pulazzctto Albani, Rome, 1st Feb. 1818. [SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT.] Since Sir J. Hippisley had the honour of present- ing to His Holiness, in person, the original Statement contained in the preceding pages, a Convention or " Concordatum" has taken place between His Holi- ness, and the King of the two Sicilies, two articles of which namely, the xxn. and xxm. may be construed as weakening the observations, made by Sir J. H. respecting the universality of the " JRe- " gium Placitum," or " Exequatur" and, in fact, amounting to a revocation of the before-mentioned Edict of his Sicilian Majesty, of the 2nd of Septem- ber last. The aborogation of the " Liceat scribere" in matters purely spiritual and ecclesiastical, neverthe- less, has not been considered, by the ministers of his Sicilian Majesty, as any relinquishment of the principle of the " Regium Exequatur? but, as a 84] concession of practical convenience, flowing from the Crown, and leaving the inherent claim to the exercise of the irrevocable prerogative of the " Exequatur" itself, in statu quo. And this construction Sir J. H. feels himself authorised to adopt, from a declaration immediately made to himself, at Naples, from very high authority, in relation to this Convention *. In communicating this corrected copy of the original Statement, to His Holiness, Sir J. H. thinks himself bound, in candour, to observe, that a Pastoral Letter, addressed, some time since, by the Apostolic Vicar of the Western district in England, has been represented as a dereliction of the opinions heretofore maintained by that venerable Prelate, * [The authority here alluded to, is that of M. de Medici, the Minister and Secretary of State of the King of the two Sicilies, who negotiated the Concordatum with the Cardinal Secretary of State : since which, a Royal Edict, of the 6th of April, has appeared, of which the following is an extract : " Da oggi innanzi per la interposizione del Nostro Regio " Exequatur, senz' aversi piu ricorso a noi per la Real Segreteria, " e Ministero di Stato degli Aflfari Ecclesiastici come finora si e " praticato, bastera, che le Bolle, Brevi, ed altre spedizioni delta u Corte di Roma, par le quali e stato finore necessario il nostro " Regio Exequatur, vengano esibite al nostro supremo Consiglio " di Cancelleria ; per la spedizione del detto Regio Exequatur, " dirigendosi le demande al nostro ministro Cancelliere." An Edict, of the preceding day, also exempts the Royal Jurisdiction of Sicily from the operation of the xxm. Article of the Concordatum, which allowed Appeals to the See of Rome.] [85 respecting both the original questions discussed in the preceding pages, though this construction seems to be unwarranted. Bishop Collingridge certainly has cautioned his clergy against " assenting to regu- " lations respecting the concerns of their religion, on " the mere ground, that similar regulations have, " occasionally, been made and enforced in foreign " states, many of which (he adds) are, and have " been declared by the Bishops of such states, to be " inconsistent with the doctrine and essential dis- " cipline of the Catholic Church," and further, " that there are many others, which, as they concern " the civil establishment of the Catholic Church, " in other countries, are wholly inapplicable to the " state of the Catholic Church in this country." It is conceived, that a sufficient answer to these assertions and apprehensions has already been given, but, although that venerable Prelate has thus cauti- oned his clergy against assenting to such regulations, it is not to be inferred, that he is thereby inculcat- ing any practical resistance to ordinances which may be enacted by the wisdom of the Legislature. Indeed, on the contrary, the Bishop enjoins his clergy to resort only to " legal and peaceable means to prevent " the insertion of such clauses, in any Parliamentary " Bill, which may be repugnant to the essential '* discipline of the Church." In regard to the essential discipline of the Church of Home, it is not too much to assume, that the 86] temper and moderation, which will, necessarily, be manifested in the progress of any legislative measure through its different stages, involving subjects of such deep interest, aided by the ample evidence which Parliament has now before them will protect the most scrupulous Catholic against any invasion of the rights of conscience. When the law is once enacted, the virtual assent and obedience of the subject is as clearly indicated. In the same Pastoral, Bishop CoUingridge observes, that " when, in the year 1810, a large, and most " respectable portion of the Catholics of Great n Britain, in the purest spirit of conciliation, de- " clared their conviction, that it is possible for the *' Legislature to make adequate provisions for the " maintenance of the civil and religious establish- " ments of this kingdom, consistently with the " strictest adherence, on their part, to the tenets " and discipline of the Roman Catholic religion, " they, at the same time, restricted the pledge of " their future grateful acquiescence, or submission to such arrangements only, as should give them " both satisfaction and security." Bishop CoUingridge has here recited that memo- rable " Resolution," which has been so often and so much misrepresented, and which has even been assigned, by one of his colleagues in the Vicariate Bishop Milner as the principal cause of his own secession from the course he had so long held, in [87 common, with his Episcopal brethren in England. It is admitted, that the substance of this " Resolu- " tion," was originally suggested by two persons of high consideration, both British Peers, who had long been forward in patronising the petitions of the Catholics in Parliament. The assembly, in which the " Resolution " was discussed, is described, by Bishop Collingridge, " to have con- " sisted of a large and most respectable portion of " the Catholics of Great Britain" The Resolution, in fact, was signed by all the Apostolic-Vicars, and their coadjutors, Jive Prelates in number, all, indeed, with the exception of Bishop Milner : - nevertheless, when interrogated by a noble Catholic Peer, then present, " whether he might add his " own signature to the Resolution ?" that noble person was, by Bishop Milner, answered in the affirmative*. In thus adverting to another instance of the vacil- lating conduct of Bishop Milner, which, in the estimation of the most steady supporters of the claims of the Catholics, has materially contributed to diminish the number of their Parliamentary adhe- rents, Sir J. H. is actuated by no vindictive or * The opposition given by Bishop Milner to this specific Resolution, on this occasion, by declining to sign it himself, is, by a vote of the Catholic Bishops of Ireland, somewhat strangely qualified with the description of " Apostolic firmness." 88] personal feeling. Bishop Milner must, nevertheless, be conscious, that, long before Sir J. H. had con- sidered it incumbent upon him to resort to the measure of pointedly contrasting the recent conduct of that Prelate, with his recorded anterior acts and declarations, Sir J. H. had, himself, been assailed, by representations, from the pen of Bishop Milner, of the most injurious nature. But, even on this head, Sir J. H. is disposed to impute to Bishop Milner less personal hostility than the facts, when distinctly stated, may seem to warrant ; for, in tracing the course of this learned Prelate, as connected with the chief points at issue, it is not difficult to discover motives, though, probably, not so readily admitted by himself, which, well understood, may tend to place his conduct in a less enigmatical point of view, than that in which, it naturally, and at first sight, presents itself. Until the close of the year 1808, Bishop Milner had stood forth the firm supporter of those principles and opinions, which produced the Resolutions of the Roman Catholic Prelates of Ireland, in the year 1799- The decided, and unequivocal tenor of his " Letter to a Parish Priest," in 1808, was in strict conformity with those resolutions. Bishop Milner was, at this period, in Dublin, and had the advantage of a near and intimate view of the passing events of the times. He could well judge of the feelings of the Irish Catholic Prelates, and the sources of those feelings, he saw the difficulties to which they were [89 exposed, and has well described them, he scrupled not to avow his indignation at'proceedings of the lay Catholic assemblies in Dublin, and, with great apparent zeal, sought to encourage his venerable brethren to persist in the consistency of their solemn acts, by instructing and disabusing the ignorant and misguided of their Communion. But the clouds which gathered round his brethren of Ireland, at the moment of their assembly, in 1808, soon burst on his own head, and his present ephemeral eulogists were then (as they have since, not unfrequently, been) the foremost in denouncing him as an Apostate, and the tool of a court. This Bishop's situation may be readily conceived, when he avows himself, that he was designated with the opprobrious appellation of " Judas Iscariot," " and had nearly escaped being " burnt in el From this period, to the Parliamentary session of 1809-10, no incident occurred among the Catholics of England, or their supporters in Parliament, which could have reasonably induced Bishop Milner to have taken a different course, yet, it was not difficult to trace, in his writings, how much he had been affected by the attacks made upon him in Ireland, and how much his subsequent conduct was influenced by them. The Resolutions of the English Catholics, supported, as Bishop Collingridge represents them to have been, then took place, and, upon the one particularly cited by that Prelate, this great change in Bishop Milner's conduct is made to turn. In that resolution, N 90] alone, he claims to have discovered all which justifies, in his own estimation, the dereliction of his former opinions and conduct altogether ! The Pastoral of Bishop Collingridge will now, probably, be regarded by Bishop Milner, as speaking a language less confident than heretofore, of the equitable intentions of Government, and of Parlia- ment ; but those of his communion, who have examined with attention and candour, the material facts attaching to this great national question, must feel it as a matter of exultation, that His Holiness, himself, has had too many proofs of those intentions, on the part of the British Government, to feel much suspicion of their nature, or alarm at their result. It is only to be regretted, that those most interested in that result, should have pursued so tortuous a course, and have rested on measures which were only calculated to thwart and traverse the objects of their best friends, and the friends of the peace of their country *. If Mr. Eustace, with the charity of a Christian of the Communion of Rome, so energetically has spoken * [St Augustine writes with more deference to the relations be- tween the Church and the State, " Powvu," says thnt learned Doctor of the Church, when speaking of the Church itself, " que le culte du vrui Dieu ne soitpusempeche. -Elle garde gawh " elle suit toutes les loix tout les usuges und toutcs les coutumcs " (fa elle trouve dans les dtffeientts nations, qui pcuvcitt contribuer " a acquerir, ou a posseder la paix de la tare." (Cite de Dieu, hv. 19. c. 17.)] [91 of " peace and reconciliation," not less may a mem- ber of the Established Church of England guide his pacific steps by the corresponding precepts of the Ritual of his own Communion : nor will the truly paternal and benevolent mind of His Holiness refuse its assent to the very words of that ritual, when it offers up to the throne of the Creator of the universe, the impressive invocation, that " All who profess " and call themselves Christians, may be led into " the way of truth and hold the faith in unity of " spirit in the bond of peace, and in righteousness " of life." With the highest consideration, and respect, &c. &c. &c. (Signed) J. C. HIPPISLEY. Rome, April 2, 1818. 92] The original " Statement," dated, 1st February, 1818, together with the Supplementary Note, was presented, by Sir J. C. Hippisley, to His Holi- ness, P. Pius VII in person, at a private audience, at the Palace of the Quirinal. Copies (in English and Italian) were also presented to the Cardinal Litta, Prefect of the Congre- gation of Propaganda Fide ; and Copies (in Italian) to the Cardinal Consalvi, Secretary of State, and to the Cardinal De Gregorio, like- wise a Member of the Congregation of Pro- paganda Fide. [93 tJc yfr yr ?(& tJv In the preceding " Statement," it is respectfully submitted to His Holiness, whether the proceedings of the Delegate of the " General Board of the Irish Catholics," during his residence at Rome, did not seem to call for an " authoritative official exposi- " tion f" That such, also, was the opinion of His Holiness, may be collected from a subsequent Pontifical Rescript, ad- dressed to that association, dated 18th Feb. 1818. To those who are apprehensive of an undue influence of the See of Rome upon the minds and conduct of the Roman Catholic Prelacy and Laity of the United Kingdom, a reference to that Rescript, as well as to the anterior Brief, addressed to the Roman Catholic Prelates of Ireland, dated 1st Feb. 1816, may afford both satis- faction and instruction. Although, as it has been stated, the four Metropolitans and six senior Roman Catholic Bishops, had, in the year 1799, com- municated to the Government of Ireland, their unanimous Reso- lution, that " in the appointment of Prelates of the Roman " Catholic Religion, to vacant Sees, such interference of Govern- " ment, as may enable it to be satisfied of the loyalty of the person " appointed, is just, and ought to be agreed to." Nevertheless, at a meeting of the Roman Catholic Prelates in Dublin, on the 23rd and 24th of August, 1815, they resolved, that " it is " our decided and conscientious conviction, that any power ** granted to the Crown of Great Britain, of interfering, directly, " or indirectly, in the appointment of Bishops for the Roman 94] " Catholic Church in Ireland, must essentially injure, and may " eventually subvert the Roman Catholic religion in this country." With this declaration, the Roman Catholic Prelates appeal to the See of Rome. Resolutions, of the same purport, had, also, been voted, in various meetings of the Roman Catholic Laity of Ireland ; and respecting the transactions at Rome, connected with the conduct and expulsion of their Delegate the Friar Hayes, " the General Board" addressed to the Pope a pointed Remonstrance. The Pontifical Brief of the 1st of February, 1816, addressed to the Roman Catholic Prelates of Ireland, is of considerable length, the following passages only are selected from trans- lations given in the Catholic periodical Journals: " With what pain do we find it expressly declared in your " letter, that the expedient which, amongst others, for satisfying " the Government of the loyalty of those to be elected Bishops, " not only did not meet your approbation, but appeared to you " to threaten destruction to the Catholic religion in Ireland. " When it became incumbent on us to adopt some method by " which, after the law, granting emancipation, should be passed, " the Government might be satisfied of the loyalty of those to be " chosen Bishops, of which those at the head of it, entertained " very groundless indeed, but very serious apprehensions " what did we propose ? Was it, that under the obligation of a " convention, or by any other mode, or in any other form, to be " submitted to, perhaps, if not strictly eligible, the right of " nomination^ of presentation, of postulution, should be granted " to Government, so that those administering it might dictate " to us the names of clergymen to be by us appointed Bishops " in that kingdom? By no means; for while we strenuously " adhered to the wise principle of our never-to-be-forgotten " predecessor. Pope Benedict XIV. relative to the never grant- " ing to anti-Catholic princes the privilege of nominating to " bishoprics or abbacies, declared by him in a letter, written to " the Bishop of Breslaw, on the 15th of May, in the year 1748, [95 " we carried our precautions so far, that we proposed nothing " which could, with truth, be said to convey to the Government " a power as to the choice of Bishops. We only declared that " we would grant a certain power of exclusion ; and, in order " that the power so given, might never be turned into a pri- " vilege of election, we circumscribed it within certain limits, " and, as expressly stated in the letter of Cardinal Litta, already " quoted, we announced, that what we meant to permit was to " extend no farther than this, ' That those whose province it is " ' m'.iy present to the King' s ministers the list of the candidates, in " ' order that, if there he amongst them the name of any persoit " ' displeasing to, or suspected by the Government, such name may " ' be immediately pointed out and erased ; still, however, so that " ' a sufficient number may remain, from which, His Holiness may " 'freely choose ivhom, in the Lord, he may judge more fit for " * presiding over the vacant sees. y This then is what we pro- " posed to allow, in order that all room for doubt concerning " the loyalty of the Prelacy, should be removed from the mind " of Government." " Wherefore, venerable brothers, it is unquestionably evident, " that what we have done, amounts only to this: We have " agreed to act steadily towards the British Government, " according to the same rule, (a rule, in itself, founded in " prudence,) which our predecessors, the Roman Pontiffs, " even before those times, when the nomination of Bishops was " granted to princes, determined, in their wisdom, to maintain " as effectually as might be ; that is, not to promote to vacant " sees, any persons whom they might know to be unp leasing to the " powers under whom the dioceses, to be administered by them, " were situated : which rule, far from being considered injurious " to the Church, and far from having brought any evil on it, is "justly approved of, and praised by all. " For it is founded on a principle laid down by another of our 96] " most illustrious predecessors, St. Leo the Gieat *, that none " " be ordained Bishop without the consent and population of the " ' flock, lest an unwelcome intruder incur its contempt or " ' hatred/ Now this principle, although literally applicable to " the people only, to whose postulations, at that time, regard " was had, in the election of Bishops, must rightfully be extended " to princes, the necessary circumstances concurring, and even " to those who are not in communion with us, who, from the " nature of their power in temporal affairs, have so easily the ' means of preventing a Bishop, who may be the object of their " dislike or suspicion, from the care of the flock committed to " his charge. " But ydu appear to entertain serious apprehensions, that, if, " the power spoken of, be granted, the Government may suc- " cessively erase, from the list to be presented to it, the names " of those most worthy of the honour of episcopacy, and by this " means compel those, who shall have the transaction in the ** business, to name the clergymen whom it shall judge most " likely to be subservient to its views, and that the destruction " of the Catholic religion may thence take its rise. Observe, " however, venerable brothers, how destitute these your appre- " hensions are of all reason and all foundation. Remember, that the " Government which, under other circumstances, might be suspected " of entertaining projects hostile to the Catholic religion, is the " same, which by laws, especially those passed in the years 1773, " 1788, 1791, and 1793, repealed a great part of those penal " statutes by which the Catholics of the British empire were so " grievously oppressed : remember how often your most excellent *' King George III. and his illustrious Son, have extended their "protection to Catholics, and that the British Government was " amongst the chief of our supporters in procuring our return to " the Pontifical chair, and our restoration to our ancient inde- " pendence in the exercise of those spiritual rights, which the <( hand of violence had wrested from us. Upon what grounds, Leo Magnus, Ep. 12 An. Cap. 5. [97 " therefore, could any one suspect, that this same Government " entertained a design to destroy that most holy religion, which, " by its favour and protection, it had so often guarded ? and if " certain attempts are still made in your island, to the injury of " the Catholic religion, these undoubtedly either are the acts ofpri- " vnte individuals, or they will altogether cease, as soon as, all laws " enacted against Catholics, are repealed, the latter shall be placed " on the same footing as other subjects, and no objection be farther " made to the free profession of the Catholic religion" " The humble Address and Remonstrance of the General Board of " the Roman Catholics of Ireland. " Most Holy Father; " The General Board of the Roman Catholics of Ireland, " with sentiments of veneration, which are due to the Supreme u Head upon Earth, of the Roman Catholic Church. " They desire to assure your Holiness, that no change of " circumstances shall ever induce them to interrupt that spiritual " connection with the Holy See, which they esteem to be " essential to the Catholic Communion, and which their an- " cestors protected and preserved in defiance of most cruel " persecutions, and the most seductive temptations. " It is, therefore, with deep regret that they find themselves " called upon to submit to the paternal consideration of their " Holy Father, any expression of disappointment or dissatisfac- " tion ; but their zeal for the preservation of their religion " compels them to unfold to His Holiness the subjects of their " anxiety, and the sources of their affliction. " They could not, with safe conscience, admit, that they " discover, in the recent conduct of the advisers of the See of " Rome, any proof of an existing reciprocity of attachment. It O 98] " would seem to have been forgotten, that the conduct and perse" " verance of the Roman Catholics of Ireland had entitled them to " any share of regard, or even of favourable consideration the " martyrs of three centuries appear to be already forgotten, and " the zealous perseverance of the present generation is not esteemed " worthy of being taken into account. " We put forth no claims to gratitude. What the Catholics '* of Ireland did in support of their religion, they did it not from " human respect,but for God's glory and their own sanctification; " and with cheerful hearts do they avow the gratitude which " they owe to Providence for their preservation, notwithstanding " the continued dangers of persecution and neglect. ** The Catholics of Ireland have observed, with painful emo- " tions, the marked disinclination evinced at Rome, to entertain " their most humble solicitations for attention. Nearly two years " have elapsed since they forwarded to the Holy See, an Address " and Remonstrance, by the hands of their Delegate, the Rev. " Richard Hayes; to this respectful communication, to the sen- " timents of which they unalterably adhere, no answer has been " obtained, nor has any inclination been manifested to cherish " those Catholic principles which induced that address ; this sense " of indifference is much aggravated, when the Catholics of Ire- " land observe an active anxiety evinced to forward the wishes, " and accomplish the purposes of that power, which persecuted our " ancestors, and still oppress their posterity, on account of their " adherence to the Catholic Faith. The consummation of our " disappointment is accomplished by the banishment of the faithful " Delegate, of near six millions of the most constant and attached " members of the Catholic Church. " We sincerely lament the necessity which obliges us to " address this Remonstrance to your Holiness, whose character u we venerate with unequalled attachment; we cannot for a " moment entertain the belief, that the conduct, against which " we complain, could have been approved of by the Head of " the Catholic Church, or sanctioned by him. [99 " We cannot suppose that your Holiness would willingly <( discountenance the prayer of the Irish Catholics to preserve " their faith and discipline, from the intrigues and hostilities " of the avowed enemies of their Church. Neither can we *' entertain the opinion, that your Holiness would direct, or *' willingly admit, that the Delegate of so large a body of " Catholics, whose conduct was most earnestly approved of by his " constituents, and who possesses, as he well merits, their confidence, " esteem, and gratitude, should have been consigned to an ignomi- " nious exile, without the institution of any judicial proceeding, or " without any representation of misconduct being attempted. " This Board can feel no difficulty in ascertaining that this " offensive indignity did not arise from any misconduct on the " part of the Irish Delegate; on the contrary, they attribute it t* to the too successful intrigues and influence of the enemies to " the Catholic Religion in Ireland, who considered the expulsion " of the Rev. Mr. Hayes from Rome, a necessary preliminary " step towards the accomplishment of their hostile purposes. " For we have learned with regret, that a lay interference has " taken place at Rome, in the affairs of the Catholics of Ireland. " We solemnly protest against the interference of the statesman, '.' to whom, in particular, we allude ; and we distinctly renounce " any submission to him or his measures. We will not yield to " a minister what we would not concede to his master the w right of interfering in our temporal affairs. Our intercourse " with Rome is exclusively confined to spiritual concerns ; and " we never can agree to have that intercourse regulated by the " interests of the court, or to have it directed by the political u minister. " We cannot avoid declaring to your Holiness, that our appre- " hensions of undue and temporal interference are much in- " creased, by learning that your Holiness is soon to be addressed " in person, by one of the most active opponents to the inde- " pendence and purity of the Irish Catholic Church, Sir John u Cox Hippisley. We earnestly conjure your Holiness to give no 100] " credit to his representations of any portion of the Irish people. " He has exhausted all the resources of his ingenuity to find " precedents of degradation and despotism in Ecclesiastical matters, " in order to apply them to the prejudice of the Catholic Claims in " Ireland. " We implore you, Most Holy Father, to protect, by \ u timely interposition, the Catholics of Ireland against the " dangers which impend over them. We entreat your Holiness " to allay all rational alarms, by establishing such a Concordat " with the Bishops of our Church in Ireland, as will render the " election of their successors perfectly domestic and purely " Catholic; and will, at the same time, ensure the institution to " the person so to be elected. We urge this measure the more " earnestly, because we know it to be approved of by every class " and rank of Catholics, ecclesiastical and laical, in Ireland. Such " a measure would satisfy the doubts of every Protestant mind, " not bent on the annihilation of the Catholic faith, and would, " at the same time, remove all the sources of disunion which ** generate hostility in the Catholic body. " Most Holy Father, we further pray your Holiness to cause to " be revoked the order of banishment which has been issued out " against our Delegate. With a view to allay the feelings of " dismay which now universally and more powerfully agitate " the minds, and affright the consciences of your long persecuted ** and ever faithful Catholic Children in Ireland. Signed by order, EDWARD HAY, " Secretary of the Catholics of Ireland." " Board Room, Dublin, " July 19, 1817." To this Remonstrance, the following answer was given, in the form of a Pontifical Brief: [101 The Pope's Reply to the Remonstrance of the General Board. To our beloved Children of the General Board of the Catholics, Dublin. PIUS PP. VII. " Beloved children health and apostolical benediction ! In " your letter, dated the 19th day of last July, which our Vene- " rable Brother Laurence, Cardinal Litta, of the Holy Roman " Church, Bishop of Sabinum,and Prefect of the Congregation " for the Propagation of the Faith, delivered to us, you com- " plained that we had given no answer to the letter, in which " you had, two years before, recorded your Remonstrance " concerning the subject of the election of Bishops. But you " should by no means have inferred from this our silence, that " we have less at heart the interest of the Catholic religion in " that kingdom, or that our disposition is less favourable or less " prompt towards the people of Ireland, whose constancy in the " faith, unshaken by any adversity, and whose distinguished " merits in the cause of religion, we acknowledge and admire, " for the unwearied solicitude which, it appears from public " records, we had devoted to the interests of all churches, even " in the midst of perils and of difficulties; and which we now " devote with increased energy, and even your own approved ** faith and religion, should have furnished you with abundant " proof, that there existed another cause why it appeared " inexpedient to answer your letter. In truth, we then had a " double reason for adopting this course: for, in the first place, " whereas, at the same time, there was brought to us, along " with yours, a letter also from the Irish Bishops, relating to the " same subject, and, as we stated to those Bishops, as well by " personal communication to their Delegates, as well as by our ** letter, dated the 1st of February, 1816, our opinion concerning " the proposed difficulties, and the subject of your alarm ; we " thought it by no means necessary to repeat the same to you, " which you could have so easily learned and ascertained from " them j secondly, the tenor of the letter which you addressed 102] . " to us on that occasion, contributed, in no small degree, to " induce us to act towards you in that manner. For though " many assurances of your devotion to the Catholic faith were '* mingled with your expostulations, yet, contrary to our expec- " tation, we observed, that you frequently gave expression to such " language and sentiments as seemed, by no means, in unison with " that devotion and zeal which the people of Ireland have, at all " times, manifested towards the Apostolic See, from which they "justly glory, that they have derived the light of the faith. " Therefore, as, on the one hand, your many and illustrious " merits induced us to act kindly towards you ; and, on the " other, we could neither approve nor altogether suppress our " opinion of those matters, which, contrary (as we are per- " suaded) to your intention, had crept into your letter, we " thought it better to send you no answer, especially when, as " we have already stated our opinion and judgment as to the " proposed difficulties, could have been fully made known to you " by other means. You have then, the causes of our silence, " which we do not now hesitate to disclose to you, that we may " deliver you from all anxiety, and that henceforth you may " never imagine, that it could be our will to reject your prayers. . " With respect to the transactions discussed in that your " letter, you should ever feel persuaded that all our efforts and " solicitude (we, to whom the deposit and protection of the " faith, and the rule of the whole Church have been committed " by Divine Authority,) are directed to no other object than to Vatican, le 26 Mai, 1795. " Instruite du prochain depart de M. Hippisley de cette " capitale pour Londres, la sacree Congregation d'6tat a cru " que la justice et la bonne foi demandoient, qu'a l'exemple du " Saint Pere lui-meme, qui lui a donne les plus eclatantes " preuves de la satisfaction qu'il avoit de la conduite qu'il a " tenue, soit en particulier, soit en traitant diverses affaires tres- " graves, la sacree Congregation lui fit offrir, aussi en son nom, " un temoiguage permanent de la sienne. " Elle m'a charge a cet effet, en qualite de son Secretaire, " d'assurer M. Hippisley de l'admiration sincere avec laquelle " elle a vu la perspicacite qu'il a fait eclater dans ses Negocia- " tions, et la mani&re dont il a heureusement reussi a faire " connoitre et procurer les communs interets des deux Nations, " et a etablir une bonne harmonie entre la cour de Rome et la " cour Britannique. " M. Hippisley peut juger par-te combien tout ce qu'il a " fait a ete agreable a la sacree Congregation, quelle profonde " reconnoissance elle fait profession d' avoir pour lui, et avec " quelle juste confiance elle espere que par-tout, et dans toutes " les occasions, il voudra bien continuer a agir d'apres les " memes principes, et chercher a resserrer toujours de plus les " liens de reciproque interet et de correspondance amicale "qui unissent, aujourd'hui, les deux dites cours, et les deux " nations. [121 " En m'acquittant par ce respectueux billet du devoir qui " m'a ete impose par la sacree Congregation, je regarde comme " un bien grand avantage pour moi de pouvoir y joindre " Thommage des sentimens de la profonde estime, et de l'inva- " riable devourment avec lesquels je fais profession d'etre, de " M. Hippisley, " Le tres-humble, tres-sincere, et " devoue Serviteur, r (Signe) Gio. Barbiri, " Secretaire, &c. u M. M.Hippisley, Mcmb. du Pari Brit." It [123 The Parliamentary Conduct of Sir J. C. Hippisley t respecting the Claims of the Catholics, having not only been denounced by the Board of Irish Catholics, but having ex- cited, likewise, some discontent in the minds of many of his immediate Constituents, of a very different description, the following Address, published some time previous to the close of the last Parliament, is here subjoined. Whatever objections may be urged, on either side, against the opinions avowed in that publication they may escape^ at least, the imputa- tion of inconsistency. To the Worshipful the Mayor, Aldermen, Capital Burgesses, and Freemen of the Borough of Sudbury. Gentlemen; [EXTRACT.] Home, 8th April, 1818. It is generally believed that Parliament is on the eve of dissolution. During a period of twenty-nine years I have been connected, by intimate and honourable relations, with your Borough, in the high and delegated trust of one of its Representatives in Parliament, or, as Recorder of the Corporate Body; but, with the recol- lection of the circumstances attendant upon the only subject in which any material difference of opinion has existed between a large portion of my Constituents and myself, the spot of Europe from which I date my present Address, is not the best selected to obliterate my own recol- lections, or to soothe their difference of opinion. If this difference of opinion, respecting the claims of our fellow-subjects of the communion of Rome, has been 124] the source of many regrets, I have, nevertheless, the satis- faction to remember, that the explanations of my Parlia- mentary conduct, as connected with this subject, have been invariably received with candour, and the result has ever been highly flattering to my feelings, though unaccom- panied with an unanimity of suffrage. But, I have reached a protracted period of life beyond that, indeed, usually allotted to the days of man, and now, a change of opinion or conduct, on so momentous a question, is little likely to take place, especially when that opinion has been formed on the closest examination, and sealed with the deepest conviction of my judgment. It is an opinion, Gentlemen, which the lapse of time, with the sanction of much and patient study, has interwoven in the very thread and body of my political life. As then, my own sentiments on this head are unalterable, and I cannot hope for the prevalent coincidence of yours, I conceive that I shall best consult both the harmony of my Consti- tuents, and the peace of my own mind, by resigning a trust, which I should be unable to acquit with universal satisfaction. For, whatever confidence I might feel in the integrity of my intentions, or whatever conviction that my humble efforts have been designed at least, to promote the best interests of my Country, believe me, Gentlemen, any further collision of opinion would be, to me, matter of such painful regret, that I want resolution to meet it at a time of life, little calculated to cope with political irritation. On a former occasion, when hereditary and habitual prejudices were, not undesignedly, aggravated by misre- presentations of my parliamentary conduct, and when it was difficulty as indeed it is at the present hour, to say whe- ther Protestants or Catholics were the most active in the work of defamation, I thought it incumbent on me to en- [125 deavour to undeceive my Constituents, by placing before them some authentic references to my sentiments on this question of high national interest. Though the personal motives which chiefly influenced me, at that period, no longer exist, I am persuaded that I cannot close my parliamentary connection with my Constituents more consistently, than by resorting to the same declarations, which I shall beg leave to subjoin to this Address. The question which called them forth must be of perpetual occurrence, so long as the law remains in its present anomalous state, as affecting the interests and feelings of millions of the People. Although the parliamentary relations, which have so Jong subsisted between us are now, nearly, drawing to a close, as the depositary of another important trust, in the character of Recorder of the Corporate Body, my best services, will, nevertheless, be devoted to the main- tenance of your municipal, chartered Rights -nor, upon any occasion, shall I be slow to manifest the deep interest I must ever feel, in every question, affecting the prosperity (I may be permitted, as a Freeman, to say) of our ancient Borough. With the sincerest sentiments of respect and inviolable attachment, I have the honour to be, Gentlemen, Your most faithful friend and obliged humble Servant, J. C. HIPPISLEY. 126] EXTRACTS, *c. On the 14th of May, 1805, on Mr. Fox's Motion for a Com- mittee, Sir J. Hippisley stated, in Parliament, that His Majesty had ratified the Catholic Constitution of Corsica, as he had before ratified that of Canada, and had also given Commissions, under his Royal Signature, to Roman Catholic Priests, to act as Chaplains of Catholic Regiments, raised in Great Britain and Ireland. In a few days afterwards, Sir J. H. published a Tract of " Additional Observations," in the form of a continuation of his Speech, in which he made use of the. following expressions " God forbid that any Member of Parliament, in assenting to " the prayer of the Petition, under such modifications as may be " deemed advisable, should be accused of a wish to propose to u His Majesty a departure from the solemn obligation by which " he has bound himself ' to maintain the Protestant reformed " ' Religion, established by Law, and to govern the People accord- " ' ing to the Statutes in Parliament agreed on, and the Laws and ' Constitution of the Realm*.' " " Were we to go into a Committee, I should think the " occasion favourable for adducing many heads of regulation, ** which I conceive to be intimately connected with the con- " cession of the objects of the Petition so necessary, in my own " opinion, that I should not think myself justified in voting in " favour of that concession, if unaccompanied with provisions of " a similar tendency; and under the influence of the same " opinion, they were submitted, by myself, to His Majesty's " Ministers, while the great measure of the Union was " pending." On the 25th of May, 1808, on Mr. Grattan's Motion for a Committee, Sir J. H. again stated the regulations and restrictions, which, in his opinion, were indispensable, and '.* which might " tend (he added) to quiet the apprehensions of the most scru- * Coronation Oath. [127 " pulous, whenever the See of Rome should be considered as " acting under a hostile influence, and become an object of justifiable " suspicion : " concluding, that " he voted for going into a " Committee, in which, the important subject might be more " adequately considered." On the 18th of May, 1810, on a similar Motion of Mr. Grattan, Sir J. H. proceeded to state the grounds of his insuperable objection to any further concessions, unless they were accom- panied with all those regulations and restrictions which he had before urged, concluding a speech of much detail, with these words : " To the Catholic and Protestant Bigot, I feel equally " indisposed I would recommend to many Catholics to desist " from their flippant and ill-directed attacks, and not outstrip " their adversaries in the race of calumny; they have to com- " bat the honest prejudices of a great people, the early impressions " of youth, and the force of inconsiderate zeal, as well as the " timidity and defect in information, of a great portion of their " fellow-subjects. It was a melancholy truth, that the best " informed on other subjects, philosophers and statesmen, were " often most ignorant of this, which vitally affected the interests, " the feelings, and the honour, of millions of the people, and " the security of the Empire itself. ' Our Constitution' (says the *' great Mr. Burke) ' is not made for great general proscriptive *' ' exclusions; sooner or later it will destroy them, or they will " ' destroy the Constitution.' In the choice of measures (Sir J. H. " observed), he only wished to see those adopted that could " ensure the great ends of conciliation, by the least exceptionable " means to secure the rights of conscience for every description " of our fellow-subjects, and guard,, religiously, the bulwarks " of our constitution, for the prosperity of all*." He therefore voted for going into a Committee for taking into con- ideration the objects of the Petition. * A Second Edition of this Speech, of 1810, was printed at the request, and at the Expense of the Board of English Catholics, Lord Stourton in the Chair. 128] On the 10th of June 1811, on a third similar motion of Mr. Grattan, Sir J. H. repeated the same arguments, and urged the same restrictions, He urged also the practice of moderation by the Catholics and pointed out the inconsistency of some of their Prelates. He suggested, also, that a " Select Committee * should be formed for the consideration of the subject ; con- " sisting of the King's law officers, civilians, and common " lawyers of eminence, as well as other Members, most com- " petent to the examination of such a subject: and that in the " House of Lords, the Prelates of the Establishment ought to " take a material part in such an investigation. The production '* of documents, and the examinations, in such a Committee, " might be followed by resolutions of fact, directing the atten- " tion of the Public to the material points, and constituting the " most satisfactory authority on which a Bill might hereafter be " framed commensurate to the real exigency and justice of the " case. The adoption, qualification, or even the rejection of " the Claims of the Petitioners would thus derive a sanction " not to be found in the loose discussions of successive Parlia- " mentary Debates. It should seem (said Sir J. H.) that this " expedient was too rational to be questioned by any but those " who are determined to resist inquiry in any shape whatever. i' No Member of the House was more zealously devoted to the " Constitution, both in Church and State, than himself. He " wished, nevertheless, to give a free currency to the investiga- " tion and to see a great fabric of national strength, raised on " the extinction of antiquated prejudice. Union, he was " persuaded, was within our reach: though uniformity were " unattainable." On the 24th of April, 1812, on a fourth similar Motion of Mr. Grattan, Sir J. H. pressed again the adoption and report of a Committee, u for the satisfaction (as he observed) of the pub- " lie at large, on a question which involved a striking and * material departure from a system which had been the received " policy of ages. The mere act of legislation, however great " the parliamentary majorities with which it might be carried. [129 " would still be comparatively unsubstantial till hailed by the " according public voice, enfranchised from its prejudices: the " human mind is not so readily liberalized, as civil franchises " are extended by legislation*." On the 22nd of June, 1812, on the Motion of the Right Honourable George Canning, late one of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, Sir J. H. again expressed himself, as strongly, in favour of " regulations which should be interposed as barriers " against the encroachments of the See of Rome, and there were " not wanting instances, he observed, of the existence of such " encroachments. A prudent Legislature would not dispense " with the enactment of such provisions as might eventually " meet the evil whenever it might present itself however small " the probability might be of its recurrence. He had been " uniform, he said, in his declarations from the first moment when " he took part in the discussion of the question, and he would <( never assent to the measure, unaccompanied by those securities, " which had been sanctioned by the wisdom and experience of " ages." * In a note, annexed to the Substance of Sir J. H/s Speech on the Motion of Mr. Grattan, on the 24th of April, the facts stated were referred to, with the following observation : If such be the " opinions of eminent ecclesiastics of the See of Rome, jealous " of the independence of their Church, shall the Members of " the Establishment wholly shut their eyes against the possi- " bility of encroachment ? And shall they, who seek the " protection of their Catholic fellow-subjects, equally with their " own, be calumniated, because they are not disposed to sur- " render their reason to the voice of clamour? If the represen- " tative body of the nation the guardians of its interests and " security should be so little alive to their duties, as to turn " aside from wholesome legislation, in yielding to those cla- " mours very little permanent good could be augured from ** concessions exacted by such ill-grounded apprehensions." S 130] To these Extracts the opinions of some eminent Prelates of the Establishment, were subjoined. The late Bishop (Watson) of Llandaff, Regius Professor of Divinity, in the University of Cambridge, in an advertisement prefixed to a Charge delivered to his Clergy, in 1805, thus expresses himself, " A numerous and respectable part of the " Clergy of my Diocese requested me to publish the Charge " now submitted to the world. I excused myself from com- " plying with their request, because I considered the Catholic " question to have been then settled, at least, for a time; and I " was unwilling to revive the discussion of a subject, on which " I had the misfortune to differ in opinion from a majority in " each House of Parliament. I have still that misfortune; but " looking upon the situation of the Empire to be abundantly " more hazardous now than it was three years ago, I have " thought it a duty to declare publicly my approbation of a '' measure, calculated, I sincerely believe, above all other mea- " sures, to .support the Independence of the Country to secure the " stability of the Throne to promote Peace among fellow-mbjects, " and Charity among fellow-christians and in no probable degree " dangerous to the Constitution either in Church or State." The late Bishop (Law) of Elphin, in one of his publications observes, " By far the greatest part of the population of my " Diocese are Roman Catholics I know I cannot make them " good Protestants I therefore wish to make good Catholics of " them, and with this intention I put into their hands the " Works of Gother, an eminent Catholic Divine." The same Prelate, in a Debate on the Catholic Bill, in 1793, declared, that, in his opinion, "speculative differences on some points of " faith were of no account. His Roman Catholic Brethren and *' himself had but one religion the religion of Christians; " and that without justice to the Catholics, there could be no " security for the Protestant Establishment." [131 The various declarations in Parliament, made on this subject, in concurrence with these opinions, by the present Bishop (Bathurst) of Norwich, were preceded by a Charge to his Clergy in 1808, when speaking of the Roman Catholic Subjects of His Majesty, he says, " that it would be unfair to involve the guilt " of his mis-guided zealots of former days, a body of men of a " far different description, to whom it is our duty, and should " be our inclination to shew every mark of benevolence, both " as brethren and as deserving fellow-subjects." And in a Speech of the late Bishop (Horsley) of St. Asaph in 1805, His Lordship says, " I do not hold that there is any thing " in the Roman Catholic Religion at variance with the principles " of loyalty. I do not believe that any Roman Catholic of the " present day thinks himself at liberty not to keep faith with " heretics not bound by his oath to a Protestant Government; " or, that the Pope can release him from the obligations of his " oath of allegiance to his Sovereign. I have a perfect know- " ledge of the questions proposed, and the answers returned by " the foreign Universities, in which those abominable principles " (the dispensing and deposing power) were most completely " and unanimously reprobated by those learned Bodies; and I " am persuaded the Roman Catholics are sincere in their dis- " avowal and abjuration of those pernicious maxims; and I " hold that the Roman Catholics of this Country are dutiful and " loyal subjects of His Majesty." Such are the Extracts and References which were circulated on the occasion adverted to in the preceding Address, and which, in conjunction with Sir J. H.'s motions in Parliament for the institution of a Select Committee, in the years 1813 and 1816, constitute the Corpus delicti, which gave birth to the grave " Remonstrance of the Board of Irish Catholics to the See of " Rome." [Page 104.] In each subsequent Session Sir J. C. Hippisley maintained the same ground, and re-urged the appoint- ment of a Select Committee of Inquiry. That measure was at length acceded to, and on the 24th of June, 1816, the Report of the Committee was delivered to the House. It has since been 132] printed, by order of both Houses of Parliament. The chief Documents annexed to the Report, together with the supple- mentary Papers, communicated by command of the Prince Regent, on the 28th of March, 1817, stand upon the authority of the Governments of the most considerable States of Europe, of the Roman Catholic, the Greek, the Lutheran, and the re- formed Churches, and may be considered valuable, " especially " from throwing light," to use the words of the Report itself, '* upon subjects of long and continual controversy regarding " those points, in which a regulated intercourse, with a foreign " spiritual Jurisdiction, has been held to be necessary or allow- " able, consistently with the rights of conscience, the integrity '* of civil obligations, and the security of the state." ftl 10 Printed by J. Brettell, ftipart Straet, Hajrmarket, Lond. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY This book is DUE on the last date stamped below JAN 3 01967 A J I Form L-9 20m-12,'8S(33M>