REMARKABLE SHIP WRECKS, 
 
 OR 
 
 A COLLECTION OF INTERESTING ACCOUNTS 
 
 OP dr* 
 
 NAVAL DISASTERS. 
 
 WITH MANY PARTICULARS 
 
 ' ' OF THE* " 
 
 KXTRAO&DTf AUY A^YENtfUKE-VAWJ SUFFERINGS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CREWS OF VESSELS WRECKED AT SEA, 
 
 AND 
 
 OF THEIR TREATMENT OJV DISTANT SHORES. 
 TOGETHER WITH AN 
 
 Account of rfje deliverance of .Surtntjor^ 
 
 SELECTED FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES, 
 
 HARTFORD. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY ANDRUS AND STARR. 
 
 John Russell, jr. Printer. 
 
 1813. 
 
DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, ss. 
 
 ^-^ Tl E k Remembered, That on the ftventieth 
 <? L. s. $ Jj day of *January in the thirty -seventh 
 ' v^v-*> ' year of the independence of the United States 
 of America, Andrus & Starr, of the said District, have 
 deposited in this office the title of a Book the right 
 whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words fol- 
 lowing, to wit : ... ,. .;::.: 
 
 " Remarkable Sbip^rfecks, or a? collection of interest- 
 u ing accounts of NaVal' Dlsa'steVS, with many particu- 
 '' Jars of the extra ofidto&ry .athejittires and Bufferings of 
 u the Crews ^cf jVjeseelsj \vrecKed at sea, and of their 
 f treatment on distant shores ; together with an account 
 tc of the deliverance of survivors, selected from authentic 
 4i sources." 
 
 In conformity to the act of the Congress of the Unit- 
 ed States, entitled, " An act for the encouragement of 
 " learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and 
 t; Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies, 
 ci during the times therein mentioned." 
 
 HENRY W. EDWARDS, Clerk 
 
 of the District of Connecticut. 
 A true copy of Record. 
 Examined and Sealed by me, 
 
 HENRY W. EDWARDS, Clerk 
 of the District of Connecticut. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 IN presenting to the public this volume of Aa 
 val Disasters, we trust it will not be amiss, to prefix a 
 few words explanatory of the nature and subject of the 
 work. In these sheets the reader is presented, not 
 with the fictitious picture of imagination, but the bold 
 hand of unsullied truth here records, what human na- 
 ture, by the will of Divine Providence, has been call- 
 ed to suffer from that tempestuous element, to which 
 He has said, " Hitherto shalt thou come and no farther, 
 and here shall thy proud waves be stayed." 
 
 DOES the heart of sensibility send forth a tear of sym 
 pathy, at beholding the fire devouring and consuming 
 the house of a friend, and him, together with his fa- 
 family, turned destitute into the street ? How much 
 more will it be effect^l, then, when witnessing tl;e 
 scenes herein exhibited. 
 
 BEHOLD the ship safely gliding along upon the 
 smooth sea, every heart bounding with joy, at the 
 prospect of their soon reaching the destined port, and 
 once more embracing those friends from whom they 
 have long been separated ; when, all at once, a 
 cldud arises the sun withdraws its light the tempest 
 rolls on, accompanied with all the horrors of midnight 
 
 Ivil09726 
 
& PREFACE. 
 
 darkness she drives headlong upon the rocks ah ! 
 fatal moment. Where now shall they seek for refuge ? 
 No kind friend is present to lend the aid sufficient to 
 protect these unhappy sufferers ; but the few remains 
 &f the wreck must float them they know not where, 
 destined often to satisfy the cravings of hunger, and 
 to prolong a lingering life, by drawing nutriment from 
 Ihe vilest crumbs, and if at length victorious over the 
 waves, failing at last, perhaps, a sacrifice on deso- 
 late coasts, to the deadening blasts of unaccustomed 
 climes, and the still more fatal cruelties of unfeeling 
 barbarians. 
 
 To seamen, we trust this volume will prove a valu- 
 able acquisition ; as they may here learn not only to 
 guard against despondency, should they be called to 
 experience the like misfortunes, but with cool deliber- 
 ation to choose the best method of preservation. 
 
 THOSE readers who wish to acquire a knowledge of 
 human nature, will here beh >!', on the one hand, the 
 character of those, who, under the most trying cir- 
 cumstances, manifested such traits of heroism, fortitude, 
 and generosity, as will be beheld with admiration ; 
 while on the other hand, he will shudder at the recital 
 of those acts, which the cruel baud of necessity has 
 obliged them to perpetrate. 
 
 IN a compilation embracing the objects of the pre- 
 sent volume, the compilers scarcely need adverfy 
 
PREFACE. v 
 
 for the satisfaction of those readers, whose curiosity 
 may draw them more particularly to events immedi- 
 ately connected with the history of their own country, 
 to the consideration, that on account of the infancy of 
 the American Nation, and the extended commerce of 
 the many, and more populous European Powers, 
 greater attention could not, consistently, have been 
 paid 10 domestic occurrences, without an abridge- 
 ment of accounts, which, selected from the experi- 
 ence of all ages and nations, must, in their nature, be 
 calculated much more deeply to interest. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 JuOSS of the Brig Sally, with the sufferings of her 
 crew, on the wreck. - 11 
 
 Shipwreck of the Countess de Bourk, on the coast 
 of Algiers ; and the adventures of her daughte^ 
 Mademoiselle de Bourk, in 1719. - - - 13 
 
 Narrative of the loss of the American Ship Hercu- 
 les, on the coast of Caffraria, June 16tb, 1796. - 27 
 
 Loss of the Grosvenor Indiaman, on the coast of 
 Caflfraria, August 4(h, 1792 ; with the particulars 
 relative to the unfortunate survivors of the wreck. 59 
 
 Shipwreck of the English EasMndiaman, the Fatty- 
 salem ; on the coast of Coromandel, on the 28th 
 ef August, mi. 94 
 
 The loss of his Majesty's Ship Litchfield, of Fifty 
 guns, on the coast of Barbary, on the 30th of 
 November, 1758. 109 
 
 Shipwreck of the Portuguese Vessel St. James, off 
 the coas* of Africa, in 1586. 120 
 
 The loss of an English sloop, on the coast off the 
 Island 0f Cape Breton, in 1780, 325 
 
viii CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 The loss of his Majesty's ship Centaur, of Seventy- 
 Four guns, September 23d, 1782; and the mira- 
 culous preservation of the Pinnace, with the Cap- 
 tain, Master, and Ten of the crew. - 156 
 
 Shipwreck of the sloop Betsy, on the coast of Dutch 
 Guiana, August 5th, 1756. - - 172 
 
 The shipwreck of a Portuguese Vessel, with Em- 
 manuel Sosa, and his wife Eleonora Garcia Sala, 
 on the East coast of Africa, in 1553. - 185 
 
 Narrative of the loss of the brig Tyrrel, which was 
 overset in a gale of wind, on her passage from 
 New-York to Antigua, in 1759. 193 
 
 Narrative of the sufferings and extraordinary adven- 
 tures of Four Russian Sailors, who were cast 
 away on the Desert Island of East- Spitsbergen, 
 in 1743. 204 
 
 Loss of the Halsewell East Indiaman, wrecked off 
 Seacombe, in the Isle of Purbeck, oa the coast 
 of Dorsetshire, January 6th, 1786. 214. 
 
 Loss of the Nottingham Galley, of London ; wreck- 
 ed on Boon-Island, near New-England, Decem- 
 ber llth, 1710; with the sufferings, preservation, 
 $nd deliverance of the crew. 226 
 
CONTENTS. at 
 
 Page, 
 
 Narrative of the shipwreck of M. De Brisson, on 
 the coast of Barbary ; and of his captivity among 
 the Moors, in 1785. - 240 
 
 Shipwreck of the Jonge Thomas, a Dutch East-In- 
 diaman, at the Cape of Good Hope, on the 2d of 
 June, 1773. 260 
 
 Loss of the Apollo Frigate, and Twenty-Nine sail 
 of West-Indiainen, Near Figuera, on the coast of 
 Portugal, April 2d, 1804. 264 
 
 Shipwreck of the French ship Droits de L'Honwne, 
 of Seventy-Four guns, driven on shore, on the 
 13th of January, 1797. 271 
 
 The loss of his Majesty's ship Phoenix, off the Island 
 of Cuba, in 1780. 279 
 
 The sufferings of Robert Scotney, second mate of 
 the brig Thomas, captain Gardner, who survived 
 by himself Seventy Five days, on a perfect wreck 
 in 1803. - 295 
 
 The sufferings of Ephrahn Hotv, of New-Haven, 
 who set sail for Boston in a small Ketch, which 
 on its return was wrecked near Cape Sable, in 
 the year 1676. - 293 
 
 Loss of his Majesty's ship La Tribune, off Halifax, 
 (Nora Scotia,) November, 1797. - - 301 
 
* CONTENTS. 
 
 Page, 
 
 Shipwreck of Captain George Roberts, on his pas- 
 sage from Virginia to the coast of Guinea, in 
 the year 1721. - 307 
 
 Narrative of the loss of the Eearl of Abergavenny, 
 East Indiaman, Captain John Wadsworth, which 
 drove on the Shambles, off the Bill of Portland, 
 and sunk in twelve fathom water, on the 5th of 
 February, 1805. 316 
 
 Loss of the Corbin, commanded by Francis Pirard 
 De Laval, on the Maldivia Islands. 323 
 
 Loss by fire, of the French East-India Company's 
 Vessel, the Prince, bound from L^Orient to Pon- 
 dicherry, July 26th, 1752. 339 
 
 Shipwreck of the Degrave East-Indiaman, on the 
 coast of Madagascar, in 1701. 351 
 
 An extraordinary Famine in the American ship Peg- 
 gy, on her return from the Azores to New- York, 
 in 1765. 355 
 
 Loss of the American Sloop Thetis, which was up- 
 set in a gale of wind, on the 23d of November, 
 1809, on her passage from New-Bedford to Sa- 
 vanna. 361 
 
 A brief sketch of the engagements that have taken 
 place between the Public Vessels of the United 
 
 States and those of Great Britain, since the com- 
 ment of the present War. - 364 
 
JU 
 LOSS OP 
 
 THE BRIG SALLY. 
 
 CAPTAIN TABRY, 
 
 AUGUST 8th, 1767, while in latitude 25, hav- 
 ing a strong gale of wind, the brig Sally was laid to un- 
 der her main stay- sail till ten o'clock the next morning:, 
 when she was hove on her beam ends, and in less than 
 five minutes turned keel upwards, so that they had on- 
 ly time to cut away the lanyards of her main-mast. 
 There were on board Anthony Tabry, Master ; Hum- 
 phry Mars, mate ; Joseph Sherver, Samuel Bess, John 
 Burna, mariners, who were drowned ; six other mariners, 
 viz. Peter Toy, Daniel Cultan, John Davis, Alexan- 
 der Landerry, Peter Mayes, and William Haminon, 
 having got hold of the top mast which floated alongside, 
 tied it to the stern, and supported themselves by it, till 
 about five o'clock in the evening, when the cabbin-boy 
 swam to the hull, and threw them a rope, by which 
 they got on the bottom of the vessel, where they were 
 still in a dismal plight ; the first want that invaded them 
 was drink, this drove away all thoughts of meat. The 
 main-mast, with all the rigging, the lanyards having 
 been cut away, came up alongside, from which they 
 got the wreath, (a square hoop which binds the bead of 
 the mast,) with which, and a bolt of a foot long, they 
 went to work on her bottom ; in the mean time keeping 
 their mouths moist, as well as they could, by chewing 
 the stuff of her bottom, she not having any barnacles, 
 being lately cleaned ; and some lead which was on her 
 bow, and drinking their own water: in four .days time 
 Peter Toy died, raving for drink, whose body they 
 threw off the vessel the next day. In this manner did 
 they work for six days, without meat, drink, or sleep, 
 not daring to lie down for fear of falling off the vessel ; 
 the sixth ' day they got a hole in the brig, where they 
 foimd a barrel of bottle beer ; this they drank very greed- 
 
12 LOSS -Cyp-THE BRIG SALLY, 
 
 ily : they isoon got another parcel, when one of them put 
 the others on an allowance. The eleventh day of their 
 being on the wreck, they got a barrel of pork, which 
 ihey were obliged to eat raw. 
 
 As to sleep, as soon as they got a hole through the 
 vessel's bottom, they pulled out a great number of staves 
 and shingles, and made a platform in the same place, but 
 so small it was, that when they wanted to turn, they 
 were obliged to wait till the sea hoisted the vessel, and 
 when she fell again with the sea, they were ahnost froze 
 to death. Thus did these poor miserable fellows live 
 for thirteen or fourteen days : after they got the pork, 
 they made a kind of net with a hoop, some shingles, 
 and ropes, which they got from the mast ; this they let 
 into the sea, with some pork, and caught a few small 
 fish, which, with two or three mice they caught on board 
 the brig, afforded them several most delicious repasts, 
 raw as they were : this lasted but a few days, as they 
 could not catch any more ; when they were obliged ta 
 return to their pork, which had become quite putrid by 
 the salt water getting into it. 
 
 To their great joy, on the 1st of September, in lat. 
 26, 15, long. 70, 10, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, they 
 could just perceive a vessel to windward of them, which 
 seemed to stand some time for them ; it was then they 
 despaired, as that morning they had drank the last bottle 
 of their beer, and that one was all they had : for .that 
 day they worked hard to get at the casks of water in the 
 hold, but they were so far from them, that they could not 
 have got at them in a long time : about sun half an hour 
 high, the vessel stood for them, and came so near that 
 they perceived a piece of canvass that they had on the 
 wreck supported on a board, bore down for it, and 
 about seven or eight o'clock took them on board ; she 
 was the brig Norwich, Captain Robert Noyes. Thus 
 were they relieved when death stared them in the face, 
 fey a Captain who used them kindly, gave them food and 
 clothes, as their own were rotted off their backs, washed 
 their sores, and gave them plasters, as they were almost 
 raw from head to foot with the heat of the sun and salt 
 water, which, in many places, had eaten holes in their 
 flesb. 
 
13 
 
 SHIPWRECK t)F 
 
 THE COUNTESS DE BOURK, 
 
 ON THE COAST OF ALGIERS. 
 
 3nd Adventures of her Daughter, Mademoiselle de Bvur/c, 
 in 1719. 
 
 JL HE Count de Bourk, an Irish officer in the ser- 
 Tif-c of .Spain, having been appointed ambassador extraor- 
 dinary by his Catholic Majesty, to the Court of Sweden, hi- 
 consort, the daughter of the Marquis de Varenrie, who rc- 
 siaed in France with her family, determined to join him 
 at Madrid. With this view she demanded and obtained 
 a passport for herself and her whole family, excepting 
 one of her sons, three or four years of age, whom she 
 left with her mother the Marchioness de Varenne. As 
 she passed through Avignon she was joined by her bro- 
 ther, an officer in the navy, who accompanied her to 
 Montpellier. Here he dissuaded her from going by land, 
 through the armies of France and Spain, though the 
 Marechal de Berwick had offered to exert his ijti 
 endeavors to procure her a safe passage to the Sj 
 frontiers ; and his son. the Marquis de Berwick, had 
 promised her any escort she wished from the frontiers to 
 Gironne, where he commanded the troops of his Catho- 
 lic Majesty. The dread of the armies induced her to 
 listen to the representation, that without incurring so 
 many dangers and so great an expense, the shortest way 
 would be to embark at Cette, from whence she might 
 reach Barcelona in twenty-four hours. This plan she 
 adopted the more readily, as she had before made several 
 voyages. Having procured another passport she repair- 
 ed to Cette, where she found several French vessels ; 
 but as none of them were bound to Spain, she was 
 B 
 
1.4 , THE SHIPWRECK OP 
 
 obliged to take her passage in a Genoese Tartan, that was 
 ready to sail for Barcelona. 
 
 , Madame de Bourk embarked with her son, aged eight 
 years, her daughter nine years and ten months ; the Abbe 
 de Bourk, tour female servants, a steward, and a footman. 
 These, with two other persons, composed the whole of 
 her suite. She likewise had on board part of her effects 
 and much valuable property : among the rest a rich ser- 
 vice of silver plate, a portrait of the king of Spain, set 
 in gold, and enriched with diamonds, ic. : the whole 
 forming seventeen bales or packages^ 
 
 The Tartan set sail on the 22d of October, 1719. On 
 the the 25th at day break, an Algerine corsair, command- 
 ed by a Dutch renegado, appeared about two leagues to 
 windward of the Tartan, which was then in sight of 
 the coast of Palamos. The Captain despatched his long 
 boat, with twenty armed Turks, to take posse, ion of 
 her. As they approached they fired seven or eK ' mus- 
 ket shots without wounding any person, because th-j 
 whole of the crew had either fallen flat on the deck o. 1 
 concealed themselves. The Turks boarded the Tartan 
 sword in hand, and wounded one of Madame de Bourk's 
 servants in two places. They then proceeded to the 
 cabin, where that lady was, placed four centinels over it, 
 and stood with the Tartan towards the corsair. On the 
 way the Turks ransacked every part of the vessel. They 
 found some hams, which they threw overboard, but 
 greedily devoured the pasties, and drank immoderately 
 of the wine and brandy. 
 
 When they came along side the corsair they removed 
 nil the Genoese into her, and immediately put them in 
 irons. The Captain then went on board the Tartan to 
 Madame de Bourk's cabin, inquiring who she was, of 
 what nation, whence she came, and whither she was 
 bound. She replied that she was a French woman, that 
 she was coming from France, and going to Spain. He 
 desired to see her passport, which she shewed him, 
 without suffering it to ^o out of her hands, fearing the 
 barbarian might destroy it : but upon the assurance of the 
 cotsair that he would return it unto her when he had ex- 
 amined it, she resigned it to him. After reading it with 
 his interpreter, he restored it to her, saying that it was 
 
THE COUNTESS DE BOURK. 15 
 
 good, and that she needed to be under no apprehension 
 for herself, her suite, and her property. Madame de 
 Bourk then requested, that as she was free both by her 
 passport and her country, he would land her in his long 
 boat on the coast of Spain, to which they were so near ; 
 observing, that he owed this mark of respect to the pass- 
 port of France ; that by his compliance he would 
 her much fatigue, and her husband excessive anxiety ; 
 and that if he would render her this service, she would 
 make him a suitable acknowledgement. The corsair re- 
 plied, that, being a rene^ado, he could not gratify her 
 wishes, but at the peril of his own life ; it being an easy 
 matter to persuade the Dey of Algiers, that under the 
 pretext of a French passport he had released a family 
 belonging to some power inimical to his state, if he 
 landed her upon Christian ground ; that it was absolutely 
 necessary she should accompany him to Algiers, that a 
 representation of her passport, and her person, might be 
 made to the Dey, after which she would be delivered to 
 the French consul, who would procure her a conveyance 
 to Spain, in any way she might think proper. He added, 
 that he gave her the op (ion of removing to his vessel, or 
 remaining on board the Tartiin, whore she would enjoy 
 more liberty and tnmquility than in his ship ; advising her 
 to adopt the latter pi as it would not be prudent to 
 
 trust herself and ail the females who accompanied her, 
 among nearly two hundred Turks or Moors, of which the 
 crew of his vessel consisted. Madame dc Bourk 
 cepted the latter proposal, and the captain sent on board 
 only seven Turks, or Moors, to work the Tartan, which 
 he took in tow after taking away her boat, three anchors, 
 and all her provisions, excepting what belonged to Ma- 
 dame de Bourk. After this arrangement the corsair bore 
 aw for Algiers. Madame de Bourk made him a pre- 
 sent of her watch, and gave another to the Turkish com- 
 mander of the Tartan. 
 
 On the 28th a furious tempest arose, and continued 
 till the 30th, during which the cable that lashed the two 
 vessels together, parted, and the Tartan was separated 
 from the pirate. The commanding officer and the other 
 Turks being extremely ignorant in nautical manoeuvre-, 
 and without any compass, that belonging to the Tartan 
 
18 THE SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 having been broken* in the fury of boarding, resigned the 
 direction of the ship to the winds and the sea. Never- 
 theless, the Tartan was driven on the 1st of November, 
 without accident, upon the coast of Barbary, into a gulf 
 called Colo, to the eastward of Gigery. There they 
 came to an anchor, and t3ie commander being unac- 
 quainted with that part of the coast, ordered two Moors 
 to swim to shore to inquire of the inhabitants where he 
 
 The Moors in the vicinity perceiving the Tartan, re- 
 paired aimed, and in great numbers, to the shore, to op- 
 pose any landing : they conjectured that it was a Chris- 
 tian vessel, come for the purpose of carrying off their 
 cattle, but they were undeceived by the Moors belonging 
 'fo the corsair, who informed them that it was a prize 
 taken from the Christians, and had on board an illustri- 
 ous French Princess, whom they were carrying to Al- 
 giers. One of the Moors remained, on shore, the other 
 swam back to inform the captain what coast it was off 
 which lie had anchored, and its distance from Algiers ; 
 telling him at the same time that they must have been 
 driven past that city by the violence of the wind which 
 Lad prevailed for several days. Upon this intelligence, 
 the commander, impatient to depart and join the corsair, 
 ilk! not give himself time to weigh the anchor, but cut- 
 ihiv the cable, set sail, without anchor, boat, or compass. 
 
 He was not half a league from the gulf when he paid 
 dearly for his imprudence : a^ contrary wind arose, 
 which, in spite of his exertions, drove him back to the 
 shore ; he attempted to use his oars, but, with the few 
 hands he had on board, they were perfectly useless. The 
 Tartan struck upon a rock and went to pieces. The 
 whole of the stem was instantly under water, and Ma- 
 tkrne de Bonrk, who was at prayers in the cabin vtth 
 her son and female domestics, had nearly perished with 
 them. Those who were at the head of the ship, among 
 whom were the Abbe de Bourk, Mr. Arture, an Irishman, 
 the steward, one of the maids, and the footman, clung 
 to that part of the wreck which remained on the rock. 
 
 Mr. Arture perceiving something in the water, strug- 
 gling with the waves, ventured down, and found that 
 it was Mademoiselle de Bourk, whom he rescued from 
 
THE COUNTESS DE BOVRIi, 17 
 
 her perilous situation, and delivered her into the hands of 
 the Steward, recommending her to his care, adding, that 
 for his part he would betake himself to the sea, as he was 
 the only person who could swim. Fortunate would it 
 have been for him if he had not trusted to his dexterity ; 
 for from that moment he was never seen more. The 
 Abbe first descended from the wreck to the rock on which 
 the Tartan struck ; he there supported himself some 
 time, against the violence of the w r aves, by means 
 of his knife, which he had thrust with force in- 
 to a cleft of the rock. The sea broke several times 
 over him, and even threw him upon a dry rock, where 
 he had only a small arm of the sea to cross, in order to 
 arrive at the ^hore. To assist him in reaching it he en- 
 deavored to s?ize a plank from the w r reck, that was near 
 him, but failed. At length, by means of an oar, he gain- 
 ed a rock communicating with the main land. 
 
 He w r as seized and stripped by the Moors on the shore 
 who cut off all his clothes, even to his shirt, and other- 
 wise ill-treated him. While some were thus engaged, 
 others in great numbers threw themselves into the sea, 
 in expectation of a rich booty. The steward, who held 
 Mademoiselle de Bourk in his arms, made a sign to two 
 of these barbarians, who approached him, and when 
 they were within four paces, he threw her to them with 
 all his rni^lit ; they caught her, and laying hold of her, 
 one by an arm, and the other by a leg, they conveyed 
 her to the shore, where they took away only one of her 
 shoes and stockings, as a token of servitude. The stew- 
 ard, who confirmed all the circumstances of this fatal 
 event, has repeatedly declared, that while he held her in 
 his arms, upon the approach of the barbarians, she said 
 to him, with an air superior to her years, " I am not 
 afraid that those people will kill me, but I am apprehen- 
 sive that they will attempt to make me change my reli- 
 gion : however, I will rather suffer death than break my 
 promise to my God." He confirmed her in this gener- 
 ous sentiment, declaring that he had taken the same re- 
 solution, in which she earnestly exhorted him to perse- 
 vere. 
 
 The maid servant and the footman then threw them- 
 selves into the water, where they were received by the 
 B2 
 
18 THE SHIPWRECK QP 
 
 Moors, who assisted them in crossing the arm of the se-8, 
 and conducted them to the shore, where they stripped 
 them quite naked. The steward having committed him- 
 self to the mercy of the waves, and making use of a cord 
 to assist him in getting from rock to rock, was met by a 
 Moor, who likewise stripped him before he arrived at the 
 shore. 
 
 In this deplorable and humiliating state they were at 
 first conducted to some huts on the nearest mountain. 
 They were hurried forward by blows, along rugged roads, 
 which tore their feet. The servant maid, in particular^ 
 was to be pitied, the poor girl being almost covered with 
 blood from the wounds she had received in scrambling 
 over the rocks. Each of them had besides a burthen of 
 wet clothes, and they were obliged to carry the young 
 lady by turns. Having arrived half dead, at the moun- 
 tain, they were received amidst the shouts of the Moors, 
 and the cries of the children. These barbarians had 
 with them a great many dogs, which are uncommonly 
 numerous in that country ; the animals being excited by 
 the tumult, joined their barkings to the general discord. 
 One of them tore the footman's leg, and another took a 
 piece out of the thigh of the maid servant. 
 
 These unfortunate people were then separated ; the 
 female domestic and the footman were delivered to a 
 Moor of the village, and Providence permitted Mademoi- 
 selle de Bourk to remain under one and the same mas- 
 ter with the Abbe and the steward. He first gave each of 
 them a miserable cloak, full of vermin ; their only food, 
 after such fatigues, consisted of a morsel of rye bread,, 
 prepared without leaven, and baked underneath the ashes, 
 with a little water ; and their bed was the bare ground. 
 The steward seeing his young mistress quite chilled by 
 her clothes that were soaked in the water, with difficulty 
 procured a fire to be made, before which he wrung them 
 out and dressed her again before they were half dry, be- 
 ing unable to remain naked any longer. In this manner 
 she passed the first night, terrified and comfortless. 
 
 The place in which they were, contained about fifty 
 inhabitants, all of whom resided in five or six huts, con- 
 structed with branches of trees and reeds. Here they 
 lived together pell-mell, men, women, children, and 
 
THE COUNTESS DE BOVRK. 1,9 
 
 beasts of every description. The barbarians assembled 
 in the hut where the three captives were, to deliberate 
 upon their fate. Some, conformably with a principle of 
 their religion, advised that they should be put to death, 
 conceiving that the sacrifice of these Christians would in- 
 sure them the joys of Mahomet's paradise. Others from 
 a principle of interest, and the hope of a great ransom, 
 were of the contrary opinion : thus the assembly broke 
 up without coining to any determination. 
 
 The ensuing day, having sent for the inhabitants of the 
 neighboring villages, they returned in greater numbers, 
 This was a day of continual alarm to the new slaves, 
 Many of the barbarians made the most outrageous mena- 
 ces, pointing to the fire, and giving them to understand 
 that they would be burned alive ; others drawing their sa- 
 bres, appeared resolved, by their gestures, to cut off their 
 heads. One of them seized Mademoiselle de Bourk by 
 the hair, applying the edge of his sabre to her throat ; 
 others charged their muskets with ball, in the presence of 
 their captives, and presented them against their cheeks. 
 The steward signified by signs, that he and his compan- 
 ions should esteem it a felicity to die for the Christian 
 religion, and that all the loss would be their's as they 
 would deprive themselves, by this act of inhumanity, of 
 the ransom they might otherwise expect. Upon this the 
 most outrageous relented a little, but the women and 
 children every moment renewed their insults. 
 
 They were guarded with such vigilance, that a Moor,, 
 with a helbert in his hand, attended them on every occa- 
 sion, the barbarians being apprehensive that they might 
 escape, or that their prey might be taken from them by 
 force. With the latter they were, in fact, threatened a 
 few days afterwards by the Bay of Constantine, who de- 
 manded that the prisoners should be sent him, or he 
 would come in person with his army to fetch them away. 
 The Moors replied that they feared neither him nor his 
 army, even were it united to that of Algiers. These 
 Moors do not acknowledge the sovereignty of Algiers, 
 though surrounded by its territory, and naturally the sub- 
 jects of that power. They live in perfect independence 
 under the denomination of Cabail, or the revolted ; and 
 
20 TIMS SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 the mountains of Couco serve them as impregnable ram- 
 parts against all the forces of Algiers. 
 
 Such was the state of these victims of misfortune, 
 overwhelmed with fatigue^ unable to obtain repose, tor- 
 mented with hunger, and consigned, without any human 
 assistance into the hands of merciless barbarians. These 
 ferocious men even appeared so enraged against them, 
 that when they spoke to them the fire flashed from their 
 eyes, and the white which is so perceptible in the Negroes 
 and Moors, could not be distinguished. The maid ser- 
 vant and the footman experienced trials equally afflicting, 
 and were still deprived of the consolation of seeing their 
 mistress, or hearing any tidings of her. 
 
 But even these accumulated evils, which left them 
 without any other comfort than y, feat they derived from 
 religion, were insignificant, in comparison with the horrid 
 spectacle which was soon presented to their eyes. The 
 Moors, not contented with having in their possession the 
 five persons who had escaped from the wreck, endeav- 
 ored to recover some of the effects swallowed up by 
 the sea, and which they conjectured to be of considera- 
 ble value. As they were excellent divers, they soon 
 raised the bales and chests, as well as the dead bodies, 
 from the bottom of the sea. They took with them the 
 steward and the footman, to assist them in removing what- 
 ever they might save, to the mountain. After dragging 
 the bodies on shore they stripped them for the sake of 
 the clothes, and with flints cut off Madame de Bourk's 
 fingers to get her rings, fearing lest they should profane 
 their knives if they came in contact with the bodies of 
 Christians. 
 
 What a spectacle for the unfortunate captives! to be- 
 hold the remains of persons so respectable exposed as a 
 prey to wild beasts ; and what was a thousand times more 
 afflicting, to the insults of the Moors, who took delight 
 in hearing the sound produced by stones thrown on their 
 bodies, swelled with the sea water. The steward en- 
 deavored to represent to them, as well as his consterna- 
 tion would permit that it was a violation of humanity, and 
 that they ought at least to suffer them to be interred, but 
 they replied that they never burled dogs. The footman 
 having a load upon his back, a Moor endeavored to 
 
THE COUNTESS DE BOURK. 21 
 
 make him pass by the bodies, because it was the shortest 
 way ; but he was unable to compel him, and the virtuous 
 domestic, penetrared with horror, chose rather to climb a 
 steep rock than to behold these melancholy objects. The 
 steward, upon his return to the mountain, durst not men- 
 tion his grief to Mademoiselle de Bourk, but concealed 
 from her the horrid sight which he had witnessed. 
 
 The Moors meanwhile divided the booty ; the richest 
 stuffs were cut in pieces and distributed among the chil- 
 dren to decorate their heads ; the silver plate was sold t$ 
 the highest bidder, and three goblets, each of which was 
 worth at least twenty pounds sterling, were sold in a lot 
 for less than five shillings, because, being tarnished by the 
 sea-water, the Moors, from their color, supposed them to 
 be nothing but copper, and of little value. With respect 
 to the books which they found, they regarded them as 
 useless lumber, and were easily induced to resign them 
 to the steward and the footman, whom they compelled to 
 assist them in removing the packages. The steward like- 
 wise saved his writing desk, which proved extremely use- 
 ful, as we shall presently see. 
 
 During the three weeks that they remained at this 
 place, Mademoiselle de Bourk took advantage of the 
 writing-desk, and a few leaves, of blank paper which she 
 found at the beginning and end of the books brought by 
 the steward, to write three letters to the French consul at 
 Algiers ; but none of them was received. Three weeks 
 after their shipwreck they were removed into the midst 
 of the lofty mountains of Couco, where the sheik, com- 
 manding these barbarians, apparently resided. They 
 were escorted by twelve of them, armed with sabres, 
 fusils, arid halberts. They obliged the abbe and the stew- 
 ard to carry the young lady alternately over the rugged 
 mountains. Accustomed themselves to climb those pla- 
 ces with rapidity, they urged them on with blows to walk 
 faster than they were able. By these means they made 
 a long days journey ; at night each of them received a 
 piece of bread, and enjoyed the comfort of sleeping upon 
 boards for the first time. 
 
 The sheik and chiefs of the Moors held a consultation 
 respecting their captives ; but being unable to agree about 
 the division of them, they resolved to send them back to 
 
22 THE SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 the place whence they came. Before they departed, the 
 steward having taking a little straw from some of the 
 beasts near the spot, for his young mistress to lie upon, 
 the master of the hut was so enraged that he snatched up 
 an axe, obliged him to lay his head down upon a block, 
 and was about to strike the fatal blow, but was prevented 
 by a Moor who accidentally entered. Three or four 
 times a day, according to' their barbarous humor, they 
 came and seized them by the throat, after shutting the 
 door of the hut for fear of being interrupted, and with 
 their sabres in their hands threatened them with instant 
 destruction; but an invisible power restrained their arms 
 and repressed their fury. 
 
 As they were still detained, notwithstanding the reso- 
 lution that had been taken to send them back to their 
 first master, the latter accompanied by a Turk from Bu- 
 gie, came to fetch them ; but sixteen armed Moors, of 
 the mountains, compelled him to resign them. The bar- 
 barian, disappointed of his prey, seized the young lady 
 and drew his sabre to cut off her head ; but the Turk, by 
 his remonstrances, prevailed upon him to desist from his 
 sanguinary purpose. At length they were permitted to 
 depart, Those who escorted them on their return, fired 
 with religious zeal, or impelled by their blood-thirsty dis- 
 position, were ready every moment to sacrifice their ill- 
 fated victims. On one occasion, among many others, 
 they took the abbe and the steward behind a thick bush 
 to sacrifice them to- their prophet ; but they once more 
 escaped from this imminent danger. 
 
 They arrived in the evening at the village, the scene of 
 their dreary servitude. Here they frequently received 
 only the raw leaves of turnips to eat, without bread. How- 
 ever, the friendship which the children, by degrees, con- 
 ceived for the young lady, obtained her the indulgence of 
 a little milk with her bread. 
 
 At length a fourth letter, written by Mademoiselle de 
 Bourk to the consul, and the only one which came to hand, 
 arrived at Algiers on the 24th of November, and was sent 
 by the Dey to the French consul, who immediately com- 
 municated its contents to M. Desault. The unfortunate 
 , young lady there related, in a simple, but affecting man- 
 ner, that, after the shipwreck of her mother, she and her 
 
THE COUNTESS BE BOURK. 23 
 
 snit had been consigned io the inest frightful and abject 
 slavery ; that they were dying of hunger, and subjection 
 to every kind of ill treatment that could be inflicted by 
 the enemies of religion and humanity ; and that they 
 were devoured by vermin. She implored him instantly 
 to take compassion on their misery arid to send them some 
 relief, till he was able to procure their^iberty, of which 
 the continual menaces of the barbarians tended to deprive 
 them of all hope. This letter deeply affected all these 
 who read it. Every one made an offer of his money and 
 his services to M. Desault, who did not want much en- 
 treaty on the -subject, being intimately acquainted with 
 the family of Mademoiselle de Bourk. He instantly gave 
 orders for the equipment of a French tartan lying in the 
 port, purchased clothes and provisions, and obtained of 
 the Dey a letter oi recommendation io the grand mara- 
 bout, or high priest of Bugie, who possesses the greatest 
 authority over those people. He likewise wrote to the 
 young lady, and sent her several presents. On the eve- 
 ning of the same day the tartau set sail, and in a short 
 time arrived at Bugie. 
 
 There, Ibrahim Aga, the national interpreter, sent by M. 
 Desault, in the tartan, presented the Dey's and M. De- 
 sault's letters to the grand .marabout. Though sick, the 
 latter instantly rose from his bed, mounted his horse, with 
 the marabout of Gigery, the interpreter, and six or seven 
 other Moors, and proceeded to the mountains, which were 
 five or six days journey from Bugie. Upon their arrival, 
 the Moors, the masters of the captives, having descried 
 the company at a dLstanc^, shut i!,rrn^eive>> up in their 
 hut, to the number of ten or twelve, with drawn sabres. 
 The marabouts knocked violently at the door, and asked 
 where were the Christians. They received for answer, 
 that they were at the extremity of the village ; but a Moor, 
 who was wiiliin, made a sign that they were in (he hut. 
 The company immediately alighted, and ordered the door 
 to be opened. The Moors then fled, and the marabouts 
 entered. 
 
 At the sight of them the slaves conceived that their last 
 hour wrs come ; but their apprehensions were soon dis- 
 pelled by -be grand marabout, who went up to Mademoi- 
 seHe de Bourk and delivered the consul's letters, together 
 
24 THE SHIPWRECK OP 
 
 with the provisions he had sent her. He and all his suite 
 passed the night in the hut, and the next morning lie sent 
 the children of the Piloors in quest of the fugitives. They 
 came in compliance with his orders, and kissed his hand, 
 according to their custom ; for the Moors entertain a pro- 
 found veneration for their marabouts ; they fear them 
 more than any other power, and their malediction is more 
 formidable than all the menaces of Algiers ; and it is in 
 the name of the marabout, and not of God, that the poor 
 ask charity. 
 
 The grand marabout likewise sent for the governor of 
 the mountains, and the chiefs of the huts composing the 
 village. When they had assembled in that where he was, 
 he informed them that the occasion of his visit was the re- 
 lease of live French subjects wlio had escaped from ship- 
 wreck ; that France being at peace with the kingdom of 
 Algiers, they ought not, contrary to the faith of treaties, 
 to detain these people, already too unfortunate in having 
 lost their relatives and their property, without depriving 
 them of their liberty and their lives ; that though the 
 mountain Moors were not subject to the authority of Al- 
 giers, yet they enjoyed the advantages of the peace with 
 France : and lastly, that they would be guilty of great in- 
 justice if they did not release them, having already ob- 
 tained a rich booty from the wreck. The Moors, though 
 their arguments were bad, defended themselves as well as 
 they could. 
 
 During this contest, the joy which had animated the 
 wretched captives at the prospect of a speedy release 
 from 4he horrors of slavery was gradually dispelled : 
 gloomy Inquietude succeeded the ray of. hope which had 
 dawned upon their minds. But their consternation was 
 extreme, when the interpreter told them, that the Moors, 
 induced by the authority and reasons of the marabout, 
 agreed to set the slaves at liberty, upon condition that the 
 sheik, or marabout, should retain the young lady ; saying 
 that he intended her for a wife for his son, a youth about 
 fourteen ; that he was not unworthy of her, raid that if she 
 were even the daughter of the king of France, his son was 
 her equal, being the offspring of the king of the moun- 
 tains. This new incident appeared r:iore * than 
 ail the others, and their captivity seemed le. ( iS dreadful 
 
THE COUNTESS DE BOURK. 
 
 than the necessity of leaving their mistress, so y ' 
 and without any kind of support, in the hands of ihc bar- 
 barians. 
 
 Notwithstanding all solicitations, the sheik remained in- 
 flexible ; but at length the marabout, taking him aside, put 
 into his hand a few sultans of gold, with the promise of 
 more. The gold instantly rendered him more tractable. 
 He agreed to release all the captives for the sum of nine 
 hundred piastres, to be paid immediately. In concluding 
 this bargain, the mountaineers declared to the deputies 
 that their consent was the effect of the veneration they 
 entertained for their marabouts, and did not originate froiri 
 any fear of the Dey of Algiers. The marabout having 
 left a Turk as an hostage, together with several jewels be- 
 iondng to his wives, departed with the five slaves. 
 
 They proceeded to Bugie, where they arrived on the 
 9th of December, embarked the following day, and landed 
 at Algiers on the 13th, at day-break. The consul weiir 
 to meet them, and conduct them from the port to the ain 
 bassador's hotel, which was crowded with Christians, 
 Turks, and even Jews. The ambassador received the 
 young lady at tlic entrance into the court, and first con- 
 tlucted her to his chapel, where she heard mass, and thru 
 Te Dcum was sung to thank the Almighty for this h :':;% 
 deliverance. 
 
 Scarcely any of the spectators coukl refrain from tears. 
 Even the Turks and Jews appeared to be affected. In- 
 deed, this young lady, not quite ten years of age, after en- 
 during the hardships, privations, and distresses of slavery, 
 retained a certain air of dignity ; her manners and expres- 
 sions announced an excellent education, and manifested a 
 mind superior to the cruel trials to which she had been 
 exposed. The persons belonging to her suite declared 
 'ie had always been the first to encourage them, and 
 had frequently exhorted them rather to suffer death than 
 -to betray their fidelity to their Gocl. 
 
 After some days allowed to these unfortunate person*, 
 
 and Die Moors, by whom they were attended, to recri'H 
 
 themselves, the nine hundred piastres agreed to be paid, 
 
 ransom of Mademoiselle de Boiirk, and the per- 
 
 f her suite, were delivered to the deputy cf the 
 
 1 marabout. M. Desault likewise added some pre- 
 
 C 
 
28 THE SIttPWRECK OF, &C. 
 
 sents for the marabout himself, and the other officers who 
 had been concerned in the negociation. 
 
 On the 3d Jan. 1720, Mademoiselle de Bourk, accom- 
 panied by her uncle and female attendant, embarked in 
 M. Desault's ship, and after a few ordinary accidents ar- 
 rived at Marseilles on the 20th of March. Her uncle, 
 the Marquis de Varenue, came to receive her from the 
 hands of M. Desault. 
 
 Mademoiselle de Bourk remained several years in the 
 bosom of her family, till her marriage with the Marquis 
 
 de T . She passed her life agreeably with him, and 
 
 lias not been dead many years. Her children, prior to 
 the revolution, held a (iistinguishedrajik in Province. 
 
NARRATIVE OF THE LOS3 OF 
 
 THE AMERICAN SHIP HERCULE^ 
 
 CAPTAIN BENJAMIN STOUT J 
 
 (hi the Coast of Cajfraria, the, IMh of June, 1796. 
 
 JL HE account of the fate of the American ship 
 Hercules, (and of the adventures and sufTe rings of her 
 crew,) which set out on her voyage from Bengal in the 
 month of December, 1795, involves so much interest, as 
 cannot fail to prove extremely entertaining ; nor can it be 
 better detailed than from the account given by the com* 
 mander, Captain Benjamin Stout; whose intention it was, 
 to take in a private freight for Hamburgh, but not finding 
 one that would answer his expectations, he charier-;- 
 ship to the British East India Company, who were at thai; 
 time busily employed in shipping rice for England. In- 
 telligence having reached the settlements in India, that a 
 failure of corn throughout the whole of Great-Britain was 
 likely to produce a IV.mine, the most active aud laudable 
 ions were made in India to supply the markets at 
 home with rice ; and he received on board upwards of 
 nine thousand bags, with directions to proceed to London 
 with every possible despatch. The CYevr most of which 
 having been engaged in India, consisted of Americans, 
 Danes, Swedes,- Dutch, Portuguese, but chiefly Lasfars, 
 amounting in the whole, men and boys, to about e < 
 four. The necessary arrangement for the voyage being 
 completed, they sailed from Sugar-Roads on the 17th oY 
 March, 1796. 
 
 Nothing material occurred during the voyage until the 
 1st of June following, at which time they reached the 
 latitude of about 35 south, and 28, 10 east longitude 
 
28 LOSS OF 
 
 Mien began to blow a gale from the westward, which 
 obliged (hem to lay to under their rnizen stay sail for six 
 days. During this time the gale continued to blow from 
 I Jie west, but increased progressively until the 7th, when 
 the contentions of the sea and winds presented a scene of 
 horror, of \\hieh, perhaps the annals of marine history 
 dvcs us no example. iC Although bred to the sea, (says 
 Captain Stout,) from my earliest life, yet all I had ever 
 eeen before, all I hdd ever heard of or read, gave me no 
 adequate idea of those sublime effects which the violence 
 f;ad raging of the elements produce, and which, at this 
 tremendous hour, seemed to threaten nature itself with 
 dissolution." The ship raised on mountains of water, 
 vras in a moment precipitated into an abyss, where she 
 appeared to wait until the coming sea raised her again 
 into the clouds. The perpetual roaring of the elements 
 echoing through the void, produced such an awful sen- 
 sation in the minds of the most experienced of the sea- 
 men, that several of them appeared for some time in a 
 state of Stupefaction ; and those less accustomed to the 
 dangers of the sea added to this scene of misery by their 
 shriekings and exclamations. 
 
 The terrors of the day could only be surpassed by those 
 of the night. When the darkness came on, it is impos- 
 sible for man to describe, or human imagination to con- 
 ceive, a scene of more transcendant and complicated 
 horror. To fill up the measure of their calamities, about 
 the hour of midnight a sudden shift of wind threw the 
 ship into the trough of the sea, which struck her aft, 
 tore away the rudder, started the stern post from the hau- 
 den ends, and shattered the whole of her stern frame. 
 The pumps were immediately sounded, and in the course 
 of a few minutes the water had increased to four feet. A 
 gang was immediately ordered to the pumps, and the re- 
 mainder were employed in getting up rice out of the run 
 of the ship, and heaving it overboard, in order, if possi- 
 ble, to get at the leak. After three or four hundred bags 
 were thrown into the sea, the principal leak was discov- 
 ered, and the water poured in with astonishing rapidity. 
 In order, therefore, to decrease as much as possible the 
 influx of water, sheets, shirts, jackets, bales of muslin, 
 and every thing of the like description were thrust iuto 
 
THE HERCULES. 29 
 
 the aperture. Had not these exertions been attended 
 with some success, the ship must certainly have gone 
 down, although the pumps delivered fifty tons of -water 
 an hour. 
 
 As the next day advanced, the weather began to mod- 
 erate. The men worked incessently at the pumps, and 
 every exertion was made to keep the ship afloat. They 
 were at this time about two hundred miles from the cast- 
 em coast of Africa. 
 
 On the 9th, although the violence of the tempest had 
 in a great measure subsided, yet the swell of the sea was 
 tremendous. The long-boat was ordered out ; but the 
 captain having reason to suspect that some of the crew 
 would endeavor to make off with her, he directed the 
 second mate and three seamen to take possession of her ; 
 at the same time giving them arms and express orders to 
 shoot the first man who attempted to board her without 
 his permission. They were also instructed to keep 
 astern, but to stick by the ship until they came to au an- 
 chor! 
 
 The men having taken their station in the boat, a raft 
 was ordered to be made of all the large spars, which 
 was accordingly done. The whole when lashed together 
 measured about 35 feet in length, and 15 in breadth. 
 At this time the captain apprehended the ship could not 
 make the land, and being convinced, in case of her going 
 down, that all the people could not be received into the 
 long-boat, determined not to neglect any measure that 
 presented even a chance of saving the whole. 
 
 When the second mate was preparing to obey the or- 
 ders he had received, and take command of the long- 
 boat, the carpenter addressed the captain in a respectful 
 manner, and earnestly intreated him to leave the ship. 
 On being reprimanded for not attending to the pumps, 
 the man burst into tears, and declared, that the whole 
 of the stern frame was shook and loosened in such a 
 manner, that he expected every minute she would ge 
 down. The miserable appearance of this man, and the 
 affecting tone of voice in which he delivered his appre- 
 hensions, considerably increased the terrors of the crew ; 
 whereupon the captain thought it necessary to declare 
 that he would perform his duty and stick- to the ship until 
 C 2 
 
30 LOSS OF 
 
 'he was convinced from his own observation that all 
 hopes of saving her was at an end. The carpenter re- 
 peated his solicitations, when he was ordered to his post, 
 and assured, at the same time, that unless he made 
 every exertion to encourage the people in their duty at 
 the pumps, he should be immediately thrown into the 
 sea. He retired, and exerted himself afterwards with a 
 manly perseverance. 
 
 The captain was immediately addressed on the depar- 
 ture of the carpenter by many of the sailors, and on the 
 same subject. They were so clamorous, and diffused 
 so much in their opinions, that he was nearly going to ex- 
 tremes with some of them. 
 
 These circumstances are mentioned as a caution to 
 future navigators, who are entrusted with a com- 
 mand. They too frequently listen to the opinion of 
 their people in time of danger, who are generally for quit- 
 ting the ship, and taking to boats, masts, yards and spars 
 formed into rafts, or whatever timbers they can lash to- 
 gether ; indeed, as the prejudices and sentiments o: the 
 common sailors on these occasions are so various, it is 
 not to be supposed that any thing can arise, from such a 
 mistaken conduct, but confusion and misfortune. 
 
 A crew, such as composed that of the Hercules, which 
 consisted of people of various nations, reqnire indeed 
 from their commander a peculiar attention. It may hap- 
 pen, that by humoring their religious prejudices at a par- 
 ticular xnoment, an essential service may be obtained ; 
 and the following remarkable anecdote will tend to elu- 
 cidate this opinion. 
 
 At a period when the tempest raged with the utmost 
 violence, the captain directed most of the crew below, 
 particularly the lascars, to work the pumps. One of 
 them, however, was perceived coming up the gang-way, 
 with a handkerchief in his hand ; and on being question- 
 ed what he was about, he answered in a tone of voice 
 that discovered a perfect confidence in the measure he 
 proposed, that he was going to make an offering to his 
 God. "This handkerchief," said he, "contains a cer- 
 tain quantity of rice, and all the rupees I am worth ; suf- 
 fer me to lash it to the mizen-top, and rely upon it, Sir, 
 we shall all be saved." The captaia was going to order 
 
THE HERCULES. . SI 
 
 him back to the pumps, but recollecting that in so doing 
 he might throw both him and his countrymen into a state 
 of despondency, and thereby lose the benefits of their ex- 
 ertions, he acquiesced. The lascar thanked him, and he- 
 soon beheld the child of prejudice mount the tottering 
 ladder without discovering a single apprehension. He 
 lashed the haukerchief to the mizen top mast head, 
 fearless of all danger, and arrived in safety on the deck. 
 Confident now that his God was the Captain's friend, he 
 went below to inform his brethren that he had done his 
 duty ; all the lascars seemed transported with joy, em- 
 braced their virtuous companion, and then labored at 
 the pumps with as much alacrity and perseverance, as if 
 they had encountered, before, neither apprehension nor 
 fatigue. To their unceasing labors, was owing in a 
 great measure, the preservation of his people. 
 
 The shift of wind which threw the ship into the trough 
 of the sea and tore away the rudder, was fortunately a 
 squall of but short duration, not continuing above a quar- 
 ter of an hour. Had it lasted but a little longer, the ship 
 must have been torn to pieces. The wind come round 
 to its former quarter, and moderated gradually. 
 
 After the long boat had been delivered to the care of 
 the second mate, and the raft completed, the captain held 
 a consultation with the officers, and they were ail deci- 
 dedly of opinion, that it was impossible to save the ship, 
 and that they had no other chance to preserve their lives, 
 than to make the land and run her on shore. 
 
 The people, when informed of the issue of this con- 
 sultation, appeared to work with renovated spirits. This 
 disposition was kept up by being assured they would 
 soon be within sia;ht of land, and that by constantly work- 
 ing at the pumps, the ship would be kept afloat, until 
 they reached the shore. 
 
 She remained for some time unmanageable, frequent- 
 ly standing with her head from the land, which all their 
 efforts could not prevent, the captain got a rudder made 
 out of the topmast, and fixed in the place of the one they 
 had lost ; but it was found of little use without the help 
 of the long-boat, which he ordered therefore to be hauled 
 athwart her stern, and this served, although with the 
 greatest difficulty, to get her head towards the shore, the 
 
32 LOSS OP 
 
 wind being variable from the eastward. A cable could 
 have been got out, that might have answered tolerably 
 well to steer the ship ; but the people could not be spared 
 ironi the pumps to attend roussing in on the tacles, or 
 guise, as occasion might require. 
 
 On the evening, however, of the 15th they discovered 
 land at about six leagues distance. All on board at this 
 moment expressed their joy in shouts and acclamations. 
 The ship still kept Hearing the shore, with five feet water 
 in her hold. 
 
 On the 16th in the morning, being then about two miles 
 from the land, and the wind from the westward, the cap- 
 tain ordered the anchor to be let go, that a last effort 
 might be made to stop the leaks, and, if possible, save 
 the ship. But her stern was shattered in such a manner, 
 that after holding another consultation with his officers, it 
 was finally resolved to run the ship on the coast then op- 
 posite to them. Another gale threatened them, and no 
 time was to be lost. 
 
 The captain immediately ordered his second mate, who 
 was in the boat, to come on board, and he then delivered 
 into his cutody the ship's register, and all the papers of 
 consequence he had. After providing him and his three 
 men with water and provisions, he ordered him into the 
 boat again, with directions to keep in the offing ; and that 
 after they had run the ship on shore, provided they got 
 safe to land, he would search for some inlet into which 
 he might run with safety. They desired him also to look 
 out for signals which would be occasionally thrown out 
 from the shore to direct his course. The mate faithfully 
 promised- to obey his instructions, and then returned to 
 his boat. 
 
 They were now on the coast of Gaffraria, within a few 
 leagues where the Infanta river empties itself into the sea. 
 A dreadful crisis approached, and they agreed to meet it 
 with becoming fortitude. The captain therefore gave di- 
 rections to set the head sail, to heave the spring well 
 taught, in order to get her head towards the shore, and 
 then to cut the cable and the spring. His orders were 
 obeyed with the greatest promptitude. 
 
 After running until within something less than half a 
 mile of the shore, she stuck on a clustre of rocks, The 
 
THE HERCULES. S3 
 
 swell at this moment was tremendous ; and from the 
 ship's thumping; so violently, it was scarcely possible for 
 the men to hold on. In this situation she remained for 
 about three or four minutes, when a sea took her over the 
 rocks, and earned her about a cable's length nearer the 
 diore, where she again struck, and kept heaving in with 
 a dreadful surf, which every moment made a breach over 
 her. 
 
 The lashings that held the raft having given way, and 
 the spars carried to a considerable distance from the ship, 
 they lost all hope from that quarter. At length one of 
 the crew, who was a black, plunged into the waves, and, 
 by exertions which seemed more than human, gained and 
 seated himself on the raft. He scarcely remained in that 
 situation for ten minutes, when the whole was turned over 
 and the man completely enveloped in the sea. In a few 
 moments however, they perceived him in his former seat. 
 Again he endured a similar misfortune ; and a third suc- 
 ceeded. Still he buffetted the waves, and gained the raft, 
 until at length, after suffering two hours of fatigue, which, 
 until then, the Captain could not possibly imagine human 
 nature could survive, he drifted on land. 
 
 The natives who had kindled several fires, appeared in 
 great numbers' on the shore. They were mostly clothed 
 in skins, armed with spears, and accompanied by a vast 
 number of dogs. A party of them seized the man who 
 had landed, and conducted him behind the sand hills that 
 line the coast, and which hid him entirely from their view. 
 
 Twelve of the crew now launched themselves on 
 different spars, and whatever pieces of timber they could 
 nYid. They bravtd all difficulties and at last gained the 
 laud. No sooner had they reached the beach than the 
 natives cam; down, seized and conducted them also be- 
 hind the sand-hills. As it was impossible for them who 
 remained on board, to discover what they were about, 
 and observing several parties of the natives appear at dif- 
 ferent times on the shore, but not accompanied by any of 
 the people, they conceived all those who had landed were 
 ma sacred, and that a similar fate awaited the whole cf 
 them. They who had remained on board the ship were 
 obliged to shelter themselves in the forecastle, as the 
 wreck, becoming a fixed object, the sea made over her, 
 
34 LOSS OF 
 
 and there was no other part, where they could 
 even for a moment, in a state of security. 
 
 Suspense and apprehension reigned during the whole 
 of the night. Some were of opinion, that to avoid being 
 tortured by the savages, perhaps thrown into the fires 
 they had perceived on shore, it would be more advisable 
 to resign themselves to a watry element, as in that situa- 
 tion they should only endure a few struggles, and then 
 life would be no more. Others entertained different sen- 
 timents, and were for making the shore in as compact a 
 body as possible. " We shall then," said they " attack 
 the savages with stones, or whatever we can find." This 
 was over-ruled as a measure impracticable; there was no 
 possibility of six men keeping together ; but if such a 
 number conld, by a miracle, get on shore without being 
 divided, the natives could destroy them in a moment with 
 their spears. The whole of this miserable night was 
 spent in suci> consultations ; and as the next sun was to 
 light them to their fate, they trembled at its approaching 
 the horizon. 
 
 As soon as morning appeared, they looked towards the 
 shore ; but not an individual was to be seen. Distrac- 
 tion was now visible in every countenance, and what 
 death to choose, the principal consideration. At length 
 aliout the hour of nine, the scene changed in a moment. 
 A delirium of extasy succeeded, which no pencil can 
 portray, no being can conceive, but those who beheld it. 
 All the people who had landed the day before, were ob- 
 served making towards the shore ; and they soon per- 
 ceived them beckoning and inviting them to land. In a 
 few minutes, every spar, grating, and piece of timber 
 that could be procured, were afloat, and completely oc- 
 cupied; some with- two people, others with more, ac- 
 cording to the size. " I immediately: (pays the captain) 
 stript off my shirt, put on a short jacket, wrapt a shawl 
 round my waist, in the corner of which I put a gold 
 watch, and keeping my breeches on, seized a spar, and 
 launched into the sea. For nearly three quarters of an 
 ttbur I preserved my hold, and drifted towards the shore. 
 Sometimes I was cast so near, as to touch the rocks with 
 jny feet, then hurried away to a considerable distance ; 
 again I was precipitated forward, and in a moment after- 
 
THE EERC17LE6, 35 
 
 Awards carried off by the returning sea. At length a sud- 
 den jerk, occasioned by the swell, strained both my arms, 
 and I was compelled to quit the spar. At this instant, al- 
 fiiough a considerable distance from the beach, a wave 
 that was proceeding rapidly towards the shore, bore me 
 along, and in a few moments cast me senseless on the 
 sand. BIy people who were on shore, observed my sit- 
 uation ; they ran down, and snatching me from the dan- 
 ger of the coming waves, bore me to a place of security. 
 Z was insensible at this time, but soon revived, as they pla- 
 ced me near a fire, and used every means in their power 
 for my recovery. The first subject of inquiry, when my 
 faculties returned, was, of coujjga^the fate of my unfortu- 
 nate crew; and I enjoyed Hie heartfelt pleasure of be- 
 holding them all around me, except them in the long-boat 
 and one man, who perished near the shore. I then ad- 
 dressed myself to the natives ; but on this occasion I la- 
 bored under the difficulty of not being understood. I 
 knew nothing of their language, and for some time I en- 
 deavored to explain myself by signs. Fortunately 
 there was a Hottentot present, who had lived with the 
 Dutch farmers, and could speak . their language. My 
 third mate was a Dutchman, and these served as inter- 
 preters. 
 
 " This difficulty being happily removed, I endeavored 
 by every means in. my power to secure the friendship of 
 the natives. I thanked them in the name of my whole 
 crew, and on the part of my nation, for the liberal and 
 humane assistance they had afforded us in the hour of our 
 misfortune, and solicited tlitiir future kindness and sup- 
 port. 
 
 " This being, as I conceived, at no great distance from 
 the spot where the Grosvenor was lost in 17S2, I inquired 
 of the natives whether any of them remembered such a 
 catastrophe. Most of them answered in the affirmative, 
 and, ascending one of the sand-hills, pointed to the place 
 where the Grosvenor suffered. 
 
 " I then desired to know of them, whether they Hd 
 received any certain accounts respecting the fate of Cap- 
 tain Coxson, who commanded the Grosvenor, and who 
 was proceeding on his way to the Cape, with several men 
 and women passengers, who were saved from the wreck. 
 
S LOSS OF 
 
 They answered, that Captain Coxson and his men were 
 slain. One of the chiefs having insisted on taking tvyo of 
 the white ladies to his kraal, the captain and people re- 
 sisted, and not being armed, were immediately destroyed. 
 The natives, at the same time, gave me to understand, 
 that at the period when the Grosvenor was wrecked, their 
 nation was at war with the colonists ; and as the captain 
 and his crew were whites, they could not tell, provided 
 they had reached the Christian farms, but they would as- 
 sist the colonies in the war. This affected my situation 
 so directly, that I desired to know on what terms the Caf- 
 frees and thd^jflfaj^stjien stood. " We are friends," 
 said they, " ancrTroH^Jta|^ir fault if we are not always 
 
 "This answer relieved me from a v^ry -serious embar- 
 rassment; but the fate of th6 two unfortunate J^^^ave 
 me so much uneasiness, that J most earnestly reqile^BUN 
 of them to tell me all they knew of their situation ; whether ' 
 they were alive or dead ; and if living, in what part of the 
 country tliey wer,e situated. TlieV replied, and with gsp< 
 parent concern, that one of the ladies hatTdied a short 
 time after her arrival , at the kraal ; but they understood 
 the other was living, and had several children by the chief. 
 " Where she now is," said they, " w^e know 'not." 
 
 " After I had received every possible information on 
 this melancholy subject, we employed ourselves princi- 
 pally during the remainder of the day in assisting the na- 
 tives to save whatever came on shore from the wreck. 
 When they got a piece of timber, they placed it immedi- 
 ately on the fire, as the readiest method of procuring the 
 iron, which they sought after with the most persevering 
 diligence." 
 
 When night came on, the natives retired, and they left 
 us to sleep under the sand-hills, without covering, and 
 without food. The weather was boisterous, and a strong 
 wind from the westward, and the cold severe : a consul- 
 tation was held in what manner they should dispose of 
 themselves until the morning, and they at length resolved 
 that some of them should keep watch .during the night, 
 and the rest place therm- 
 fele, obtain -a little : 
 
TEE HERCULES. 
 
 The night passed without any of the unfortunate sniff- 
 ers enjoying a moment of repose. Their bodies oa one 
 side were heated by the fire, but the cold chilled the 
 other in such a manner, as to render the pain hardly sup- 
 portable. The sand, driven by the winds in prodigious 
 quantities, filled their eyes, ears, and mouths, as they lay 
 under the banks, and kept them in perpetual motion. 
 They likewise entertained apprehensions respecting the 
 natives. 
 
 At length day appeared, and the Caffrees returned in 
 great numbers. The chief knowing they were in want of 
 food, brought a bullock, which thev immediately slaugh- 
 tered by knocking the aniin^^Mphea^l-with clubs, and 
 penetrating its sides wiU^W^^Jears." It vsas skinned 
 almost in a n\pmeflf, and they cut it up in lumps, which 
 the^r^jjd^on the fire to singe, rather than to roast, and 
 ^tf^tTevoured their respective shares with the highest sa- 
 tisfaction. The beast, as it was given to. the famished 
 crew, it might be supposed, would be left for their own 
 disposal ; but the Caffrees were hungry, and they ! 
 nothing of European etiquette. It is time, they presented 
 the bullock to them as a donation ; but they saw IM 
 > son why they should not dispose of the greater part of if. 
 
 On cutting up the animal, it was observed t 
 more than ordinary attention to the paunch. Srvrral of 
 the Caffrees laid violent hands on it . ; and after zriving it a 
 shake for the purpose of emptying the con' 
 the greater part in slits with their teeth, and swallow* 
 whole as it came warm from the- beast. 
 
 Their meal, such as it was, being finished, part of the 
 orew proceeded to the shore, and the long-boat wr- 
 
 d at a considerable distance. The ship was dividing 
 last, and the gale mcrea-sins; ; many thimrs were thert- 
 ast on shore, which the Caffrees wer- \:able 
 
 in procuring. A cask, however, was thrown on the beach, 
 which considerably excited the captain's anxiety : it con 
 tained sixty gallons of rum, a quantity sufficient to ha* > 
 intoxicated the whole of the natives, although they a in - i 
 eel ^ to at least 300. The predilection for such liq;r 
 well known, and the consequences of their intoxir. 
 was particularly dreaded by the captain. The oi 
 left was to steal to the spot where the cask lay, ai 
 
38 X.08S OF 
 
 in the head without being perceived by them. This was 
 happily accomplished, and they afterwards stripped the 
 vessel of the iron hoops, without discovering what had 
 been done, or what it formerly contained. 
 
 In the general search on the shore, one of the Cafifrees 
 had picked up the ship's compass. Not knowing what 
 jt was, yet pleased with its formation, he delivered it to 
 the chief, who immediately took it to pieces ; and after 
 camtemplating the various parts, took the copper ring in 
 which it hung, and suspended it from his neck. He ap- 
 peared highly pleased with the ornament ; and this cir- 
 cumstance induced the captain to present him with one 
 still more glittering, and of course, in his estimation, 
 more valuable ; recollecting that he had in his possession 
 a pair of paste knee-buckles, he presented ihem to the 
 chief, and hung one upon each of his ears. 
 
 The moment this was done, the chief stalked about 
 with an air of uncommon dignity. His people seemed 
 to pay him greater reverence than before, and they were 
 employed for some time in gazing at the brilliancy of the 
 ornaments, and contemplating the .august deportment of 
 their chief magistrate. 
 
 Towards evening the captain again addressed the chief 
 on the subject of their departure. He requested lie 
 would semi a guide with them through the deserts to the 
 iirst Christian settlement, and that nothing should be 
 wanting on his part to recompense his kindness. The 
 Caffree paused for a moment, and then very coolly re- 
 replied, that he -would gratify the captain's wishes ; and 
 being desired to name the time when he would suffer 
 them to depart ; he gravely answered, " When I consid- 
 er that matter you shall be made acquainted with my de- 
 termination/' These answers alarmed the unfortunate 
 sufferers. The countenance of the savage appeared to 
 discover some hostile measure that was lurking in his 
 mind ; and yet his former conduct was so liberal and liw- 
 inane, that they had no just grounds for suspecting his in- 
 tegrity. The natives, however, were perceived consult- 
 ing together in parties, and from their gestures nothing 
 favorable could be perceived. When the day was 
 drawing; to a close, the crew was left to rest under the 
 sand-bills, as on the former night. 
 
THE HEfcCtTLES. 
 
 The fire was recruited with some timber from the 
 wreck, and sentinels placed as before. The wind blow- 
 ing hard from the same quarter, they were again tor- 
 mented with clouds of sand, and a chilling atmosphere. 
 June being one of the winter months, they had to en- 
 counter the severities of the season. It was impossible 
 to shift their quarters, as they could not procure timber to 
 light new fires, and the Caffrees might be displeased at 
 their not remaining in their former situation. The night 
 passed in consultations and gloomy predictions. The 
 captain told his people not to do any thing that 
 might have the least tendency to displease the natives ; 
 to give them every thing they asked for, as the inhabi- 
 tants of these deserts were only to be dreaded when 
 provoked. But, at the same time, if contrary to their 
 expectation they made an attack, or endeavored to de- 
 tain them after a certain time, then he hoped they would 
 firmly unite, and either force their way or perish in the 
 conflict. 
 
 When the sun made its appearance, they mounted the 
 most elevated of the sand-sills to look out for the long- 
 boat; but she was not to be discovered in any direction. 
 In a short time they perceived the Caffrees advancing 
 Most of them had assagays in their hands; others fi?v- 
 nished with clubs ; some were decorated with ostritcli 
 feathers, and their chief wearing a leopard skin, with the 
 captain's knee-buckles suspended as before. They salu- 
 ted the crew in a very friendly manner, and were accom- 
 panied by them to the beach. The wind had increased 
 during the night and several parts of the ship came on 
 shore. One of the people had picked up a hand saw, 
 and as he perceived the CaiTrees were indefatigable in 
 ;iring iron, he hid it in the sands. This was a va.Iu- 
 ble acquisition, and became of infinite service to them 
 in the course of their proceedings. 
 
 Having secured all they could obtain from the wreck, 
 the captain requested the chief to order some of his 
 people to display their skill in the use of the assagavs. 
 This is a spear of about four feet six inches in length, 
 made of an elastic wood, and pointed with iron, which the 
 natives contrive to poison so effectually, that if it wounds 
 cither man or beast, death is the inevitable consequence 
 
LOSS 
 
 The captain's wishes were immediately gratified. The 
 CaffVees first placed a block of wood on the ground, and 
 then retired about seventy yards from the spot where it 
 lay. The chief then said, they would now behold their 
 manner of fighting when engaged in battle. These com- 
 pliances, as they seemed to remove former suspicions, 
 gave great satisfaction to the sufferers. A party of 
 about tlurty began their niano3uvring. They first ran to^- 
 a considerable distance ; then fell, as if motionless, on 
 the ground; in a moment they started up, divided, joined 
 again, and ran into a compact body to the spot from 
 whence they originally set out. After hailing for about a 
 minute, they let fly a shower of assagays at the mark, and 
 with a precision that was truly astonishing. 
 
 Not a word more passed this day about the departure 
 of the crew. The natives retired as usual on the ap- 
 proach of night. All were employed to gather wood ; 
 iiiid after procuring a sufficient quantity, they stretched 
 themselves on the ground, and in spite of wind, sand, and 
 cold, slept until morning. 
 
 When day appeared, all were again employed in look- 
 ing out for the long-boat ; but she was not to be seen, nor 
 did they ever hear of her again. 
 
 The Caffrees did riot make their appearance this day 
 until the sun had proceeded two hours in its course. 
 As little now was to be procured from the wreck, Captain 
 Stout begged the chief to appoint a guide for himself and 
 crew, as he proposed taking his departure on the next 
 day. " I shall furnish you with two," said the chief. 
 These joyful tidings were delivered with so much frank- 
 ness, that the captain was relieved at once from all appre- 
 hension and suspicion. 
 
 Desirous of having the Hottentot who served as an in- 
 terpreter to accompany them through the desert, the 
 chief was given to understand how much the services of 
 this man would not only contribute to their pleasure, but 
 also to their safety. The honest savage, however, had 
 fciitieipated their wishes ; he had previously mentioned it 
 lo the Hottentot, who had consented to proceed to the 
 first Christian farm. Another of the tribe, who was bet- 
 fi-u- acquainted with the country, had likewise agreed to 
 }jv of the party: and this information which was eommu- 
 
THJE HERCULES. *--l 
 
 nlcated to the crew, diffused a general joy and satisfac- 
 tion. 
 
 After assuring the chief and the Caffrees in general of 
 our unalterable friendship, and that the guides should he 
 rewarded to the extent of their wishes, " I told him, 
 (says the captain,) we had endured great distress for want 
 of water, and begged to know where we could procure 
 some." " I will conduct you," said he " to a spring of 
 excellent water ; it is not far from this place ; and, if 
 you think proper, we will proceed directly to the spot.'* 
 No sooner was the proposal made than we set out ; the 
 Coflfrees singing and dancing as they proceeded, and my 
 people although not without suspicion, in tolerable spirits." 
 
 After travelling westward about four miles through a 
 delightful country, they came at last to a -wood, in the bo- 
 som of which was discovered a hollow. The Ca farts 
 descended first, and when they all arrived" at the bottom, 
 the chief pointed to the brook. They drank of the wa- 
 ter and found it delicious. After allaying their thirst, they 
 looked about and from the dismal appearance of the place, 
 were again in a state of apprehension. Being mo:--ih oJ* 
 opinion, that nothing less was intended by the Caffrees 
 than to massacre the whole party in this sequestered plncc ; 
 that they were decoyed here for the purpose ; and that 
 every man should prepare to defend his life. The cap- 
 tain, however,, endeavored to quiet their appvt 
 and at last succeeded. 
 
 The Caffrees having invited the parly to remain on this 
 spot during the night, they began to prepare wood for the 
 fires. All hands- went to work, and by the assistance of a 
 hand-sarv, they procured some dry l-ees and under.vooJ, 
 that afforded a very comfortable fire. One of the Kotteii - 
 tots, who was so rich as to possess a tinder-box, struck a 
 light; and this accommodation being not only high i\ t 
 ful, but unexpected, gave new spirits to the whole party. 
 
 The natives, as the night came on, did net retire 
 to their kraal. This gave a fresh alarm, uhicli did not; 
 appear to be without some cause : situated as the ( 
 then were, they were obliged to abide the event, and i. 
 prepared for the worst that could happen. The \v 
 was set as formerly; but the Caffrees hui 
 were soon bst in sleep. This pkcc, how . ; 1 in 
 
its 'appearance, afforded a tolerable shelter for the night ; 
 riouds of sand were no longer troublesome, and the sever- 
 ities of the wind and cold were mitigated by the friendly 
 shade afforded by the trees. 
 
 " We were roused," says the captain, " by the savages, 
 as the sun appeared, and we departed from this supposed 
 Golgotha in tolerable spirits. "We had, however, consum- 
 ed the last pound of our bullock, before we left the saml- 
 -irid our party began to dread an approaching famine. 
 1 mentioned the distress of my people to the chief, and he 
 promised to relieve us. We had journeyed but a few 
 miles, when the Caffrees told us we must remain where 
 we were that night. We accordingly set to work to pro- 
 care tire-wood, and had scarcely completed this necessary 
 business, when the chief presented us with another bul- 
 lock. It was soon despatched, skinned, cut into pieces 
 of about four pounds each, and we then proceeded to 
 dress them as provision for our journey. This was a bu- 
 siness of so much importance, that most of the day was 
 spent in accomplishing it, 
 
 " The night passed with less apprehension than before, 
 and when the morning came, we prepared for our de- 
 parture. 
 
 " The moment now arrived when the real intentions of 
 the Caffrees were to be developed. The natives came 
 about us, and assisted in dividing the provisions. Each 
 man was to carry his own stock, which amounted to about 
 three or four pounds of beef; this, with some biscuits, 
 which a few of my people had contrived to preserve from 
 the wreck, was to serve us until we reached a Christian 
 settlement. So far from any appearance of hostility, the 
 natives seemed to view our departure with regret. I took 
 the chief by the hand, and thanked him for his great and 
 friendly attentions to me and my unfortunate crew ; assur- 
 ing him at the same time, that if I survived the journey, 
 it would ever be my first consideration to render him and 
 his people some essential service. He thanked me, and 
 then requested I would tell the colonists our ship was 
 lost at sea, and so distant from the land, that no part of 
 her could possibly reach the shore. He also desired me 
 to place the utmost confidence in my guides, as they 
 wo tild certain? ^'direct me for the best. After r::y people 
 
THE HERCULES. 43 
 
 and the natives had exchanged some mutual civilities, we 
 parted, and gave one another a last and affectionate adieu." 
 
 They did not take their departure on the morning of 
 the 23d until the sun was w r ell up. The guides were in- 
 telligent, and gave them to understand that they must on 
 no account travel early, as the wild beasts constantly rose 
 with the sun, and then ranged the deserts in quest of their 
 prey. As they were all unarmed, a single lion, leopard, 
 or panther, could have destroyed most of them. It be- 
 came, therefore, highly necessary they should not stir un- 
 til these animals had satisfied their hunger, and were- retir- 
 ed for the clay. 
 
 Notwithstanding this cautious and necessary advice,, 
 and which was given with a laudable earnestness for their 
 preservation, still the people were so desirous of getting 
 on. that they grew uneasy; but the guards could not h 
 induced to quit the fires until about nine o'clock, at which 
 time they all proceeded, and in good spirits. 
 
 Not more than three or four of the party were at this , 
 moment in possession of shoes. They had many hun- 
 dred miles to travel through unknown countries, to ascend 
 mountains of stupendous elevation, penetrate; woods, tra- 
 verse deserts, and ford rivers; and yet they were to combat 
 all these difficulties bare-footed, not having saved above 
 four pair of shoes, and even these but in sad condition. 
 
 " As my feet were naked," says the captain, " like most 
 of my people, one of them offered me an old pair of boots 
 which he then wore; but I refused them. My habili- 
 ments were a short jacket, a table cloth, which I found 
 on the shore, wrapt round my loins ; a shawl over it ; four 
 shirts, which I wore at the same time ; a pair of trowsers, 
 and a hat. We bore to the westward on our setting out, 
 for the purpose of obtaining fresh water in the course of 
 our journey. Our guides observed, that near the coast 
 the water was generally brackish; we therefore struck 
 into the interior, and were not entirely disappointed in our 
 expectations." 
 
 They now travelled through a country beautifully varl- 
 
 r gated \vith hills, dales, extensive plains finely watered, 
 
 but less wooded than the former. The grass appeared of 
 
 an extraordinary height; but in the course they pursued, 
 
 a human foot-step could be traced : no cattle, HQL- 
 
44 LOSS OF 
 
 sign of cultivation could be observed. They were not 
 interrupted by any beast of prey, although they con- 
 stantly perceived their dung. At length, after travelling 
 about thirty-five miles, they began to feel the want of 
 water. 
 
 Having searched for this indispensable aliment, with 
 the utmost anxiety and attention, they were so fortunate 
 as to discover, before sun-set, a brook that ran near the 
 comer of a wood ; and here they determined to rest for 
 the night.. They began, therefore, to prepare a sufficient 
 quantity of fuel. The wood was chiefly composed of 
 trees that partook in some degree of the nature of thorn : 
 they cut several, and arranged their fires. One of the 
 CafFrees struck a light, and the whole, in a few minutes, 
 was in a blaze. The tinder which he provided was of a 
 particular description ; it consisted of a pitchy substance, 
 extracted from a reed, and so tenacious of fire, that a 
 single spark from the steel caught it in a moment. The 
 weather being cold, they resolved to sleep close to one 
 another; but the guides told them, the place they had 
 fixed upon to rest during the night was known to be in- 
 fested with leopards, and that, if they scented the party, 
 nothing could prevent them from destroying some of> 
 them. This intelligence induced them to enlarge their 
 iires, and they began to consult upon other measures 
 that were likely to contribute also to their preservation. 
 But such is the powerful influence of Morpheus over the 
 harrassed soul, that their conversation had scarcely com- 
 menced on this important subject,, when they were all 
 relieved from any sense of danger, by gently falling into 
 a sound sleep, in which they remained in perfect security 
 until morning. 
 
 No sooner had the sun peeped above the horizon, than, 
 they were all roused by the tremendous roaring *>f lions. 
 Never were men in a situation more truly alarming. 
 Had they discovered them during the night, they must 
 have been torn to pieces when sleeping, as not an indi- 
 vidual could attend the watch, or keep awake even for 
 an hour. They therefore congratulated one another 
 on finding they had all escaped, and set out about seven 
 in the morning in company with their guides. Thty 
 soon arrived at the bunk of a small river, which t 
 
THE HERCULES, 43 
 
 perfectly dry, they crossed without difficulty. Shortly 
 after they came to another, which they likewise passed in 
 a few minutes. They reached at length some islands, 
 from the tops of which they discovered several beautiful 
 vales, clothed with long dry grass, and clusters of trees, 
 in other places, forests of considerable extent, and skirt- 
 ing mountains of different elevations. In the course of 
 the day they were in great distress for want of water, and 
 lost much time in the pursuit of it. Indeed they almost 
 despaired of finding any, as the earth appeared so dry as 
 to exhaust all the brooks they had visited. LuckHy, 
 however, about sun-set, they discovered a small rivulet 
 that ran near the skirt of a forest ; and, although the 
 water was not good, yet it still relieved them from a 
 dreadful situation. 
 
 Having travelled this day about thirty miles, they de- 
 termined to remain where they were during the night. 
 All hands, therefore, went immediately to work, for the 
 purpose of getting fuel. They had seen no wild ani- 
 mals in the course of the day, but frequently observed 
 the dung of the elephant and the rhinoceros. 
 
 As their situation for this night was as dangerous and 
 deplorable as on the preceding one, they determined to 
 enlarge their fires, as the only means of safety they had 
 left. This was accordingly done, and they had the pleas- 
 ure to find, when the day appeared, that not an individual 
 was missing of the whole party. 
 
 They proceeded on their journey shortly after sunrise ; 
 and, as they were to travel through a wood of considera- 
 ble extent, the guides told them to be upon their guard, 
 as they would certainly be interrupted by wild animals,, 
 which resorted to that place in prodigious numbers. 
 They determined, noth withstanding, to brave all dan- 
 gers, and accordingly proceeded. They indeed escap- 
 ed the lions, the panthers, the rhinoceros, the elephant, 
 &cc. but, unfortunately, about noon, came up with a 
 horde of Caffrecs, that were distinguished, by their own 
 countrymen, as a bad tribe. They spoke at first to some 
 Caffree women, who behaved kindly, and gave them 
 one or two baskets of milk. These baskets are T 
 of twig* ? wove so closely together as to hold vv 
 
4& LOSS OF 
 
 Having proceeded but a short way, after receiving 
 tliis instance of female liberality, they were stopt by 
 twelve Caffree men, armed with spears, and clothed in 
 leopard skins. Their guides, alarmed at the appearance 
 of these savages, fiew to the banks of the great fish riv- 
 er, which at that time was not more than two hundred 
 yards from the place where they stood. They repeated- 
 ly called on them to return, but in vain ; they immedi- 
 ately crossed the bed of the river, which was dry, and 
 having reached the opposite shore ascended an adjoining 
 mountain with the utmost precipitation. The savages 
 brandished their spears, and appeared by their gestures 
 to menace the destruction of the people. They could 
 not understand them, but supposed they demanded 
 from them whatever articles they possessed ; arid as 
 these principally consisted of the little stock of provi- 
 sions they had left, and their clothes, they determined 
 not to part with either. 
 
 One of the captain's people had a knife, which was 
 slung over his shoulder. A Caffree perceiving it, made 
 a snatch at the handle ; but the owner resisting it, he 
 lost his hold. This so enraged the savage, that he lifted 
 up his assagay with an apparant intention of desp^fcing 
 the object of his resentment. At the moment he stood 
 in this attitude, a more finished picture of horror, or 
 what may be conceived of the infernals, w r as perhaps 
 never seen before. The savage "*vore a leopard's skin ; 
 liis black countenance bedaubed with red ochre ; his 
 eyes, inflamed with rage,, appeared as if starting from 
 their sockets ; his mouth expanded, and his teeth gnash- 
 ing and grinning with all the fury of an exasperated 
 demon. He was, however^ diverted from his purpose, 
 and dropped the assagay. 
 
 The crew instantly proceeded to the river, and cross- 
 ed it in pursuit of their guides, who were standing on 
 the summit of the mountain ; when they came up, the 
 guides expressed the utmost satisfaction at their escape. 
 They gave them a terrible description of the people 
 they had just left, and assured them, if the remainder of 
 their horde had not been hunting at the time they got 
 lo the fish river, not a man of them would have svr 
 
THE BfiRCUXES. 47 
 
 ed. They also declared, that they were the most abomi- 
 nable horde throughout the whole of Cailraria. 
 
 Their conversation lasted but a few minutes, when 
 they resolved to decend the mountain, and pursue their 
 journey. Scarcely had they put themselves in motion, 
 when a scene of the most extensive and luxuriant beau- 
 ties burst in a moment on their view. The danger they 
 had just escaped, engaged their attention so entirely, 
 when they gained the summit, that they did not immedi- 
 ately perceive the world of beauties that now lay spread 
 before them. All stood for some time in a state of rap- 
 ture and amazement. The country was mostly a level, 
 yet pleasingly diversified with gentle elevations, on the 
 tops of which they could perceive clumps of the mimosa 
 tree, and the sides clothed with shrubs of various denom- 
 inations. A thousand rivulets seemed to meander 
 .through this second Eden; frequently skirting or ap- 
 pearing to encircle a plantation of wood ; then sudden- 
 ly taking a different direction, gilded through a plain of 
 considerable extent, until it came to a gentle declivity ; 
 here it formed a natural cascade, and then, following 
 its course, proceeded in an endless variety throughout 
 the wb of the country. 
 
 As Uly stood gazing on this sylvan scene, they per- 
 ceived innumerable herds of animals, particularly of 
 the species of the gazelle, scouring over the plains ; 
 some darting through the woods, others feeding, or 
 drinking at the rivulets. As far as the eye travelled in 
 pursuit of new beauties, it was most amply gratified, 
 until at length the whole gradually faded on the view, 
 and become lost on the horizon. They were so wrapt. 
 In extacy on this landscape, that they forgot their danger, 
 and remained too long upon 11 ic mountain. They at 
 length descended, &nd proceeded on their journey. 
 
 Before the day closed they fixed on a place where 
 they were to remain untill the morning. It was near a 
 wood, mostly composed of that kind of thorn already 
 mentioned. Several of these they immediately cut, not 
 only for the purpose of fuel, but to form a barricade or de- 
 fence against the wild animals during the night. 
 
 After completing their fortification, lighting the fire?-, 
 nd supping in the best manner possible, they lay down 
 
48 LOSS OP 
 
 to rest ; but their sleep was constantly disturbed during 
 the night, by a herd of elephants brushing through the 
 wood, passing and returning almost every moment. 
 Had not the fence been erected the preceding evening, 
 they would in all probability, have been trampled to 
 death by these monstrous animals. They had the good 
 fortune however to escape ; and, about seven the next 
 morning, proceeded on their journey, in company with 
 the guides. 
 
 They travelled this day through a delightful country. 
 The land, in some places, seemed to be composed of a 
 red and yellow clay, and the valleys appeared covered 
 with a very thick and long grass, hut not a sign of agri- 
 culture was to be observed. In the course of the day, 
 they perceived a few deserted huts, one of which they 
 entered, but paid severely for their curiosity, as those 
 who ventured in, were in a moment entirely covered 
 with fleas. 
 
 Water was found sometimes, but it was brackish, al- 
 though they were at least 50 miles from the sea. They 
 kept at this distance during most of the journey. 
 
 They brought up for the night, after traveling about 
 35 miles, at the skirt of a small forest, and provided 
 fuel, with a temporary defence, as before. The pro- 
 visions being nearly exhausted, they were obliged to 
 eat sparingly, although most of them were ravenously 
 hungry. 
 
 About seven in the morning, they again set out ; but 
 many of the people dropt a-stern in the course of the 
 day, being almost worn out with fatigue. In ihis situa- 
 tion it was thought advisable for such of the party as 
 could travel, to get forward, and provide a place where 
 wood arid water could be had. The captain was of this 
 company ; and that all those who remained behind might 
 find their way, he ordered the Caffree guides to set fire 
 to the lon grass, which served during the night as a point 
 of direction. He was Iike\vise in exp^claison of their 
 coining up before morning, but was sadly disappointed. 
 They remained stationary until the sun appeared, and 
 then went on. 
 
 >Tot one of the people left behind appeared this morn- 
 ing ; but the guides were oi' opinion they would reach a 
 
THE HERCULES. 49 
 
 Christian settlement in the course of the day, wnere 
 assistance would certainly be had. This intelligence 
 gave them new spirits ; and they travelled with an unu- 
 sual alertness, until they came to a farmhouse. Here 
 relief was expected, but none was to be found : the 
 whole place had been deserted for some time ; they 
 were obliged, therefore, to sleep again in the air, and 
 leave their absent and miserable companions to all the 
 horrors of the desert. 
 
 This was not a night of sleep, but lamentation. They 
 sat round the fire, and spoke of nothing but their absent 
 messmates, and their unfortunate situation. They were 
 left defenceless, without food, hardly able to stand erect, 
 and in a country where the ferocious animals were most 
 numerous. They \\ere likewise every hour in danger of 
 an attack from the Boshis-men, who swarm in these parts, 
 and destroy the unhappy objects of their vengeance by 
 arrows that are poisoned. The sensibility of the people 
 on this melancholy occasion, displit} ed the genuine char- 
 acter of a sailor. Men who could brave all the da,, 
 of the tempest, and face death without a trembling nerve, 
 even in the cannon's mouth, could not, however, speak 
 of their distressed and absent brethren without a 
 Their own misfortunes were forgotten, and their only 
 consideration, during the night, was their unhapp}' : 
 mates, whom they never expected to behold r. 
 
 They remained here for more than an hour after the 
 rising of the sun. Out of sixty, that composed tin- 
 party, when they departed from the 1: ly-six 
 so maimed and worn down by fatigue, as to !i. 
 to travel: these remained in the desert, if L. 
 ready destroyed, ?.nd had no hope of preservation, but by 
 the exertions of (lie party who were able to proceed ; th' 
 ftiiidus were ROW certain that a Christian habiiiifion was ;it 
 hand. The hist we saw had been destroyed by the Caf- 
 frees during the war with the colonists : It was, there- 
 fore, determined to proceed to a place where rf\i*>i 
 
 I be obta'.i t every possible despatch, 
 
 people proceeded with redoubled energy : the sal- 1 
 of their com}, as the incentive, arid that C( 
 
 eratbn ;: inched every idea of danger or futii.--" 
 E 
 
#0 LOSS OF 
 
 They travelled without a single halt for about three 
 hours, \vhen one of the guides, who was advanced, 
 roared out, in a transport of joy, " I see a Hottentot, 
 attending a flock of sheep." It was the voice of a 
 seraph proceeding from a Cafifree. They all ran to the 
 place where he stood, and, at a considerable distance, 
 observed a man attending a flock of at least four thou- 
 sand. They moved in a body towards the shepherd, 
 who seemed at first to be alarmed ; but perceiving they 
 were most whites, and unarmed, he stopt until they 
 came up. The captain requested of him to direct them 
 the nearest way to the first settlement, which he did, and 
 at the same time informed us, the proprietor was a good 
 man ; the distance, he said, w r as about three milos. 
 The pleasure diffused throughout the party, on receiving 
 this information, it is impossible to describe. The cap- 
 tain embraced this opportunity, and went on ; a gene- 
 ral joy succeeded, and who should be foremost, the 
 princifKil consideration ! 
 
 At length extatic reflection they came within sight 
 of a Christian farm. " Come on, my lads," said the 
 < aptuin, " we are safely nioor'd at last ; and our people, 
 iii the deserts, will be soon relieved." Some tottered as 
 they stood, overcome by joy, and could not move ; oth- 
 * i-s appeared as in a trance, until at length about ten 
 Vo' lowed him, and they entered the house of Jan du 
 Fllesies. 
 
 Fortunately, this was a settler of the best order, about 
 sixty years old, born in Holland, but had resided in Af- 
 rica for many years ; humane, generous, and possessing 
 a heart that appeared to be the constant mansion of a 
 virtuous sympathy. His cottage was formed of clay, 
 ihjjtched with a kind of reed, and furnished with a few 
 stools, -a table, and some kitchen utensils. His family 
 consisted of five or six sons, their wives and children, 
 together with a daughter, making together about twenty 
 people. His stock, however, wasflkmsiderable, not 
 less than twelve thousand sheep, iSid one thousand 
 oxen. 
 
 After the alarm, which their first appearance occa- 
 sioned, had subdued, the captain told the story of their 
 .melancoly disaster, and implored liis assistance for the 
 
THE' HERCULES. 01 
 
 relief of the unhappy people who were left behind. 
 This good man could not listen to the relation without 
 discovering by his countenance the tenderness of his 
 nature. His face, which was naturally pallid, became, 
 at certain intervals, of a crimson hue : these emotions 
 appeared as the effervescence of sensibility, and to ex- 
 hibit, in glowing colors, the complexion of virtue. 
 
 As no time, he said, should be lost in preparing for 
 the relief of the unfortunate people, he immediately 
 directed two of his sons to harness eight oxen to a 
 waggon. His orders were obeyed with a cheerfulness 
 that evinced an hereditary goodness, and that it had de- 
 scended, unimpaired, from the sire to his children. 
 They were directed to travel all night ; and the guides 
 described the spot, so minutely, as to avoid ail possibili- 
 ty of a mistake. The waggon was soon out of sight, 
 and they all sat down to partake of a sheep, which 
 our liberal host had ordered to be killed for their enter- 
 tainment. 
 
 When the meal was over, the worthy colonist began 
 to interrogate them respecting their journey through 
 Caffraria. He could not possibly conceive, he said, 
 how the Tambochis could be induced to suffer their 
 departure. They were such a horrid race, that nothing 
 was so gratifying to their nature as the shedding of hu- 
 man blood. The Boshis-men he also observed, were so 
 numerous, and so perpetually on the look-out, that he 
 was amazed at their travelling with any degree of secu- 
 rity ; but when he considered that they came through a 
 part of Caffraria, so infested with carnivorous animals, 
 that people could never travel safely but in parties, and 
 well armed, he declared their being then in his house 
 appeared to him a kind of miracle. 
 
 The captain took this opportunity of giving our wor- 
 thy host a proper idea of the Tambochis. His mind 
 had been poisoned by some of his depredating neigh- 
 bors, and never going on such parties himself, had en 
 tertained these prejudices without having an opportunity 
 of knowing the contrary. He appeared much pleased 
 at the conduct of the Tambochis, during our abode in 
 their country, and declared this circumstance alone 
 would relieve him Cjjom many hours of uneasiness. 
 
52 LOSS OF 
 
 His sequestered mansion was nearly surrounded by 
 frees, on which were hung to dry, the skins of lions, 
 tigers, panthers, and other destructive animals, killed in 
 the vicinity of his own habitation. The carcases of two 
 enormous creatures were observed lying; near the door, 
 which had the appearance of being recently destroyed. 
 They were two rhinoceroses that the farmer's sons had 
 killed, but the day before, on their own land. This 
 gave rise to a narrative respecting these animals, which 
 the good man related with great circumspection, and 
 which appeared very extraordinary. 
 
 " Theee creatures, said the farmer, are more savage, 
 and infiDiiely more to be dreaded, than any other ani- 
 mal of the deserts. Even the lion, when he perceives 
 a rhinoceros, will fly from him in an instant. I had a 
 proof of thispxsaid he, about two years ago. As I was 
 traversing my lands in the morning, I perceived a lion 
 entering a thicket, about the distance of half a mile 
 from the place where I stood. In a few minutes after 
 I observed a second, then a third, and a fourth ame ; 
 they seemed to follow one another at their leisure, and, 
 in less than an hour, I counted nine that entered the 
 same wood. Never having seen so many of the same 
 species together, I was desirous to know the event of 
 their meeting, and I concealed myself for the pur] 
 After waiting for rather more than an hour in my lurking 
 place, without either seeing any of them, or hearing 
 any noise from the quarter where they lay, I began to 
 despair of having my curiosity in the least gratified. At 
 length, I perceived a rhinoceros of uncommon magnitude 
 approach the wood. He stood motionless for about five 
 minutes, when he arrived at a small distance from the 
 thicket, then tossed up his nose and at last scented the 
 animals that lay concealed. In an instant I saw him 
 dart into the wood, and in the space of about five min- 
 utes afterwards I observed all the lions scamper away in 
 different directions, and apparently in the greatest con- 
 sternation. Tie rhinoceros beat about the wood in pur- 
 suit of his eriel&ifeswfor a considerable time; but not 
 finding any, he brofe^^ert at last and appeared on 
 the plain. He then looked^afound him, enraged at his 
 disappointment, began tearing rf the earth, and discover* 
 
THE HERCULES. 53 
 
 ed every-sign of madness and desperation. I remained 
 quietly in iny retreat until the animal disappeared, and 
 then returned to my house." 
 
 The travellers slept this night on sacks, which their 
 host had arranged for their accommodation. At break- 
 fast on the succeeding morning, their benefactor entertain- 
 ed them with some very interesting observations res- 
 pecting the country where he resided. He particularly 
 stated the hardships, which the colonists endured from 
 the restrictive orders and persecuting conduct of the 
 government at the Cape. " I have lead ore, said he, on 
 my own farm, so near the surface that we can sen 
 up with our hands, and yet we dare not touch ii. H 
 v.-ere known to melt and use a single pound of it, we 
 ;)kl be all transported, for life, to Batavia." 
 
 Before they had finished their meal, their henrf--.. 
 despatched messengers to his neighboring Civ 
 .siring their assistance to get the crew to the Ca 
 eral of them came and behaved with the greatt >i tenner- 
 ness and liberality. They went so far as to say, 
 such as were desirous of remaining in the country unfii 
 they had perfectly recovered, should be acccr 
 at their houses ; and as they travelled once in even x 
 (o the Cape, they would take the first opportunity of 
 conveying them thither. The captain thankoi 
 their kindness, but declined accepting their pi 
 his intention was to make the Cape with 
 expedition. 
 
 This conversation was interrupted by a Hottentot ser- 
 vant who ran into the house and declared the 
 was in sight." All fiew to meet it, and the captain* had 
 the heartfelt consolation of perceiving twenty-thiv 
 his unfortunate people, chiefly Lascars, lying down in the 
 machine. On their arrival, the two sons o: 
 they found them near a wood perfectly resigned to 
 fate, having given up all hopes of relief. The pree 
 thirteen of their companions had separated fi\ : 
 but where they had strayed to not one. of them * 
 even guess at. These poor fellows after 
 time the most unexampled misi-:' 
 
5k LOSS OF 
 
 They were now forty-seven in number, and as they 
 were to proceed in waggons, such as were afflicted with 
 sore feet, or weak, through hunger and fatigue, would 
 not again be separated from their companions. 
 
 Their benevolent host now provided them with a wag- 
 gon and two sets of oxen, each set containing eight. 
 They were occasionally to relieve each other on the 
 way, and two or three Hottentot servants were appoint- 
 ed as drivers, and to take charge of the relaying cattle. 
 One of the farmer's sons, completely armed, was like- 
 wise directed to attend them, and the waggon was stor- 
 ed with provisions and water sufficient for them until 
 they should arrive at the next settlement. 
 
 They took their departure from the hospitable man- 
 sion of the benevolent Dupliesies on the morning of the 
 d of July. The guard was perpetually on the watch, 
 lest the Boshis-men or the wild animals might dart upon 
 them unperceived. About eight o'clock in the evening, 
 however, they reached the second farm in perfect secu- 
 The distance travelled was about thirty-live miles 
 tills day, and all the people in good spirits. 
 
 The owner whose name was Cornelius Englebrock, 
 they found also a benevolent character. His cottage was 
 poor indeed, but all that he could aiford he gave with 
 cheerfulness. His neighbor's letter was produced, which 
 he read with great attention, and then said, " my friend 
 is a good man, and I always valued him ; but you want- 
 ed no other recommendation to my poor services, than 
 your misfortunes." 
 
 They remained here daring the night, after partaking 
 of a frugal repast which their host had provided, and 
 which was given with many innocent apologies for its 
 
 tntiness. 
 
 Before their departure on the ensuing morning, the 
 fanner generously presented them with nine sheep. The 
 poor man lamented that he could not tet them have a 
 el of bread. " We live, (said he.) the year round 
 'y on mutton and game, but seldom enjoy the luxu- 
 f a loaf." lie insisted, however, on the captain's 
 ng the sheep, which he accepted with maay thanks, 
 rrui they then departed on tlreir journey. 
 
THE HERCULES. j 
 
 During the four or five succeeding days, they travelled 
 on from house to house, generally at fifteen or sixteen 
 miles distance from each other, and were received at 
 all of them with a disinterested hospitality. These oc- 
 currences are related with a scrupulous attention to fidel- 
 ity, because the colonists, without distinction, have been 
 frequently represented as a ferocious banditti, scarcely 
 to be kept within ^he pale of authority. 
 
 During several days travelling they could get but little 
 bread, and not much water. The countries were alter- 
 nately hill and dale, and often afforded the most roman- 
 tic prospects. They frequently perceived vast quantities 
 of wolves, and such droves of that species of deer, 
 which the farmers call spring buck, that one flock alone 
 could not contain less than from twelve to fourteen thou- 
 sand. Indeed many of the settlers said, they had seen 
 double that number at one time, and frequently killed 
 three at a single shot. Our travellers likewi.se saw vast 
 quantities of guinea-fowl, which after a shower of rain, 
 are easily caught by the farmers' dogs. * 
 
 The Zebra, or wild Ass, is common in these advanced 
 colonies, and many of them were seen. Ostriches wore 
 likewise very numerous. They had such plenty of veni- 
 son at the houses where they stopped, that their stock of 
 nine sheep, furnished by honest Englebroek, was dimin- 
 ished but three in the course of six days. 
 
 From the 8th to the 14th of July, their journey was 
 not interrupted by any disagreeable occurrence. The 
 countries through which they passed, displayed at every 
 mile a new change of beauties. The mountains were in 
 many places of stupendous height, and the valleys deco- 
 rated with wood, were astonishingly fertile in vegetable 
 productions. One of the most extensive of these val- 
 leys, took them no less than three days and a half in 
 passing. It is called by the settlers Long Cluff, and 
 affords, perhaps, as many romantic scenes as can be 
 found in any spot of the same extent on the face of the 
 earth. 
 
 The hills for seventy or eighty miles, run parallel to 
 each other. The lands between are wonderfully rich, 
 and produce vast quantities of a plant, similar in i(- 
 
 -me]], to our thyme. On this fragrant hr-b rro fed 
 
56 LOSS OF 
 
 immense quantities of sheep and cattle ; they devour it 
 with great eagerness, and it gives the mutton a flavor ?o 
 like our venison, that an epicure might be deceived in 
 the taste. The valleys are generally level from four to 
 eight miles in breadth, and in several places intersected 
 with rivulets, on the borders of which are frequently 
 perceived whole groves of the aloe-tree. 
 
 On or about the 14th, they reached the settlement of 
 an old and blind man. He had a large family, and ap- 
 peared to possess a comfortable independence. When 
 he heard the story of the travellers, the good farmer 
 burst into tears, and ordered a glass of brandy to be 
 given to each of the crew. After this unusual and 
 cheering repast, he directed some mutton to be deliver- 
 ed to the people, and gave them a pot to dress it in. He 
 then requested of the captain to mess with the family, 
 which was complied with, and when supper was ended, 
 this worthy creature said lie was so pleased with their 
 escaping the dangers of the seas, and the Caffrees, that 
 he would celebrate the meeting with a song. He imme- 
 diately began and sung with the voice of Stentor. A 
 general plaudit succeeded ; and then the honest benefac- 
 tor said, " Now, captain, I have a favor to ask of you. 
 Pray desire all your people to sing." It was impossible 
 to help laughing at this whimsical request ; but it was 
 thought good humor, at such a moment, should not be 
 interrupted ; therefore an American sailor was desired to 
 sing one of his best songs. He no sooner began than 
 all the Lascars tuned their pipes ; this set a going the 
 Swedes, Portuguese, and Dutchmen, and all the crew ; 
 each party sung in their different languages, and at the 
 same time. Such a concert was never heard before ; 
 Ihe liberal and merry old colonist was so entertained 
 with tlieir music, that he had nearly dropt from his 
 chair in a fit of laughter. 
 
 The captain was provided this night with a sheep-skin, 
 on which he rested under the roof of the farmer's cot- 
 tage ; but there was not room for all, and therefore most 
 of the poor fellows were obliged to sleep in the air. A 
 similar inconvenience had happened so frequently since 
 they reached the colonic^ that they detern-ir.e'i to 
 separate. 
 
THE HERCULES. f 
 
 On the morning of the 17th they separated, and the 
 .captain took with him his chief and third mate, together 
 with one or two more wao were solicitous to accompa- 
 ny him. The country, as they advanced, increased in 
 population ; and the farm-houses were, in several place*, 
 not more than two miles distance from each other. Ma- 
 ny of them were beautifully situated, and the lands pro- 
 duced grain, oranges, figs, and lemons in abundance, 
 Their grapes likewise appeared to flourish, and supplied 
 them with wine and brandies, which they vended chiefir 
 at the Cape. Vast herds of deer, and partridges out of 
 all number, were seen, and immense tracts of land cov- 
 ered entirely with aloe-trees. 
 
 From the 17th to the 21st, they travelled a mountain- 
 ous country ; but the valleys constantly presented farms 
 and habitations where the industry of the husbandman 
 was amply rewarded. The flocks of sheep were prodi- 
 gious ; but the cattle were not so numerous, nor in such 
 good condition as those seen in the more advanced 
 colonies. 
 
 On the 22d they arrived at Zwellingdam, and proceed- 
 ed to the landorse-house. The landorse is the chief 
 man of the place, and his settlement consists of about 
 sixteen or eighteen houses, surrounded by a delightful 
 country, and producing grain, vegetables for culinary 
 purposes, grapes and fruits of almost every description. 
 
 Tin'- them a very hospitable reception, 
 
 and the next morning furnished the- captain with a horse 
 and guide, to conduct him to his brother-in-law's ; that 
 nothing miirht be omit fed on his part to secure a favor- 
 able reception at the Cape, the captain's worthy host 
 gave them a very kind letter to his friend General Craig, 
 commander in chief, acquainting him with the loss of 
 the ship, and the miseries endured by the crew in their 
 travels through the desert. He also requested the g<*neral 
 would do them every kindness in his power, which he 
 would acknowledge as an obligation conferred upO7i 
 himself. 
 
 They arrived at the settlement of Johannes Brinch, nt 
 Stallen Bush, on the third or fourth day, after travelling; 
 R country highly cultivated, and producing irnmese fur 
 *^f s of the aloe-tree. The fanners live here in affluence, 
 
8 LOSS OF, &e. 
 
 and the crew continued to experience the most 
 
 and kind attention during the remainder of their journey. 
 
 On their arrival at Stallen Bush, the captain waited on 
 Mr. Brinch, whose reception can never be mentioned 
 but in terms of the most fervent gratitude and esteem. 
 His residence is one of those delightful places which, 
 from its natural situation and fertility, wraps the behold- 
 er, the moment he sees it, in a kind of extacy. The 
 vines there, are reared with great attention, and are high- 
 ly productive. Grain, vegetation, and fruits, yield abund- 
 ant crops ; and camphire-trees of very large dimen- 
 sions thrive also in the settlement. Indeed, the whol 
 settlement seemed to be so precicely what it should 
 that any alteration must be a deformity. The people 
 here dress well, but nearer the English than the Dutch 
 style. They have nothing of that sullen taciturnity be- 
 longing to the character of the Hollander ; but are spright- 
 ly and good humored. 
 
 " I remained two days (says the captain) under the roof 
 of this liberal and benevolent gentleman. He pressed 
 me to stay longer ; but I was desirous of reaching 
 the Cape, and therefore declined his hospitable invita- 
 tion. In the morning, therefore, he provided me with 
 a horse and guide, and I took my departure from Stallen 
 Bush, on the 30th, in the morning. Our journey was 
 but short, as we arrived the same evening at the Cape of 
 Good Hope ; and although emaciated in rny frame, yet 
 in tolerable health. ". 
 
i.9 
 
 LOSS OP 
 
 THE GROSVENOR INDIAMAN, 
 
 ON TUB COAST OP CAFFRARIA, AVGUST 4, 17 82 J 
 
 ' 
 
 With the Particulars relative to the Unfortunate Survivors 
 of the Wreck. 
 
 J-N the melancholy catalogue of human woes, 
 few things appear more eminently disastrous than the 
 general fate of the Grosvenor's crew. Shipwreck is al- 
 ways, even in its mildest form, a calamity which fills 
 the mind with horror ; but, what is instant death, com- 
 pared to the situation of those who had hunger, thirst, 
 and nakedness to contend with ; who only escaped the 
 fury of the waves to enter into conflicts with the savages 
 of the forest, or the greater savages of the human race ; 
 who were cut off from all civilized society, and felt the 
 prolongation of life to be only the lengthened pains of 
 death ? 
 
 The Grosvenor sailed from Trinicomale, June 13th, 
 1782, on her homeward bound voyage, and met with 
 no memorable occurrence till the 4th of August, the 
 fatal day on which she went on shore. 
 
 During the two preceding days it had blown very hard, 
 the sky was overcast, so that they were unable to IK 
 an observation ; and it is likewise probable, that from 
 their vicinity to the shore, they had been earned out of 
 their course by currents. The combination of these cir- 
 cumstances may account for the error in their reckoning-, 
 which occasioned the loss of the ship. It appears that 
 Captain Coxson had declared, a few hours before the 
 disaster took place, that he computed the snip to be at 
 
60 LOSS or THE 
 
 least one hundred leagues from the nearest land, and 
 this opinion lulled them into a false security. 
 
 John Hynes, one of the survivors, being aloft with 
 ome others, in the night-watch, saw breakers ahead, 
 and asked his companions if they did not think land 
 was near. In this opinion they all coincided, and has- 
 tened to inform the third mate, who was the officer of 
 the watch. The infatuated young man only laughed at 
 their apprehensions ; upon which one of them ran to the 
 cabin to acquaint the captain, who instantly ordered to 
 wear ship. But before this could be accomplished, her 
 keel struck with great force ; in an instant every person 
 ton board hastened on the deck, and apprehension and 
 horror were impressed on every countenance. 
 
 The captain endeavored to dispel the fears of the pas- 
 sengers, arid begged them to be composed. The pumps 
 were sounded, but no water found in the hold, as the 
 ship's stern lay high on the rocks. In a few minutes the 
 wind blew off the shore, which filled them with appre- 
 hensions lest they should be driven out to sea, and thus 
 lose the only chance they had of escaping. The powder 
 room was by this time full of water, the masts were cut 
 away, without any effect, and the ship being driven 
 within a cable's length of the shore, all hopes of saving 
 her vanished. 
 
 This dismal prospect produced distraction and des- 
 pair, and it is impossible to describe the scene that cn- 
 sued. Those who were most composed set about 
 forming a raft, hoping by means of it, to convey the wo- 
 men, the children, and the sick, to land. Meanwhile 
 three men attempted to swim to the shore with the deep- 
 sea-line ; one perished in the attempt, but the oth< two 
 succeeded. By these a hawser was, at length, carried 
 to the snore arid fastened round the rocks, in which 
 ration they were assisted by great numbers of the 
 s, who had come down to the water's edge to wit- 
 ness the uncommon sight.- 
 
 The raft bein^ by this time completed, was launched 
 overboard, and four men got upon it to assist [he kulios ; 
 but they had scarcely taken tluir station before the haw- 
 ser, which was fastened around it, snapped in two, by 
 h accident it was upset, and t&iee of the men 
 
$ROSVXOR 1NDIAMAN. <H 
 
 Downed. In this dilemma, every one began to think oi* 
 th^ best means of saving himself. The yaw I and jolly- 
 boat had already been dashed to pieces by the violence of 
 the surf; so that the only means of preservation now 
 left was by the hawser made fast to the rocks, hand over 
 hand. Several got safe on shore in this manner, while 
 others, to the number of fifteen, perished in the difficult 
 attempt. 
 
 The ship soon separated just before the main mast. 
 The wind, at the same time, providentially shifted to the 
 old quarter, and blew directly to the land, a circumstance 
 which contributed greatly to the preservation of those 
 on board, who all got on the poop, as being nearest to the 
 shore. The wind and surges now impelling them, that 
 part of the wreck, on which the people were, rent asun- 
 der fore and aft, the deck splitting in two. In this distress 
 they crowded upon the starboard quarter, which soon 
 floated into shoal water, the other parts of the wreck 
 breaking off those heavy seas which would otherwise have 
 ingulphed or dashed them to pieces. Through this for- 
 tunate incident, all on board, even the ladies and chil- 
 dren, got safe on shore, except the cook's mate, a black, 
 who being drunk, could not be prevailed upon to leave 
 the wreck. 
 
 Before this arduous business was well effected night 
 came on, and the natives having retired, several fii-eu were 
 lighted with fuel from the wreck, and the whole company 
 supped on such provisions as they picked up on the shore. 
 Two tents were formed of sails that had drifted to thr 
 e, and in these the ladies were left to repose, while 
 the men wandered about ia search of such artick 
 be of service. 
 
 GJI the morning of the 5th, the natives returned, and, 
 without ceremony, carried off whatever suited their fan- 
 cy. This conduct excited a thousand apprehensions 
 particularly in the minds of the females, for their 
 safety ; but observing that the savages contented them- 
 selves with plunder, their fears were somewhat allayed. 
 
 The next day was employed in collecting together all 
 the articles that might be useful in their journey to the 
 (Jape, to which they imprudently resolved to direct tlieii- 
 ,1 resolution which involved them in cc-ir : 
 F 
 
62 LOSS OF THE 
 
 ted misery, and which can be justified by no wise princi- 
 ple. From the wreck they might easily have built H 
 vessel capable of containing them alJ, and by coasting 
 along, they might have reached the nearest of the Dutch 
 settlements with half the danger or risk to which they 
 were then exposing themselves. Distress, however, 
 sometimes deprives men of all presence of mind ; so the 
 crew of the Grosvenor, having just escaped the dangers 
 of the sea, appear to have considered land as the most 
 desirable alternative, without reflecting on the almost in- 
 superable obstacles that lay in their way. 
 
 On examining their stores, they found themselves in 
 possession of two casks of flour and a tub of pork, that 
 had been washed on the beach, and some arrack, which 
 the captain prudently ordered to be staved, lest the na- 
 tives should get at it, and by intoxication increase their 
 natuaral ferocity. 
 
 Captain Coxson now called together the survivors, and 
 having divided the provisions among them, asked if they 
 < onscnted to his continuing in the command, to which 
 they unanimously agreed. He then informed them, that 
 from the best calculation he could make, he was in hopes 
 of being able to reach some of the Dutch settlements in 
 fifteen or sixteen days. In this calculation the captain 
 ,robably not much mistaken. Subsequent observa- 
 tions prove that the Grosvenor must have been wrecked 
 between the 27th and 28th degree of south latitude ; and 
 as the Dutch colonies extend beyond the 31st degree, 
 they might have accomplished the journey within the 
 time specified, had not rivers intervened and retarded 
 their progress. 
 
 Every thing being arranged, they set out on their jour- 
 ney on the 7th, leaving behind only an old East-India 
 soldier, who being lame, preferred trusting himself to the 
 natives till some more favorable opportunity of getting 
 jMy should present itself; adding, that he might as well 
 die with i hem as end his life on the way with pain and 
 hunger. 
 
 As they moved forward they were followed by some 
 of the natives, while others remained at the wreck. 
 Those who accompanied them plundered them, from 
 time to time, of whatever they liked, and sometimes 
 
GROSVENOR INDIA3IAS. C3 
 
 Oarew stones at them. After proceeding a few miles they 
 were met by a party of about thirty of the natives, whose 
 hair was fastened up in a comical farm, and their faces 
 painted red. Among these was a man who spoke Dutch, 
 who, it afterwards appeared, was a run-away slave from 
 the Cape, on account of some crimes, and was named 
 Trout. When this man came up to the English he in- 
 quired who they were, and whither they were -going. 
 Finding by their answers that they had been cast a 
 he informed them, that their intended journey to the Cape 
 urouJd be attended with unspeakable difficulties from the 
 natives, the wild beasts, and the nature of the country 
 through which they Would have 1o pass. 
 
 Though this did not contribute to raise their spirits 
 they tried to engage him as a guide, but no arguments 
 could prevail upon him to comply with their wishes. 
 Finding all their solicitations fruitless, they pursued their 
 journey for four or five days, during which they were 
 constantly surrounded by the natives, who took from 
 them whatever they pleased, but invariably retired on 
 the approach of night. 
 
 As they proceeded they saw many villages, which they 
 carefully avoided, that they might be less exposed to the 
 insults of the natives. At length they came to a deep 
 gully, where they were met by three Caffrees, armed 
 with lances, which they held several times ti the cap- 
 tain's throat. Irritated beyond ail patience by their con- 
 duct, he wrenched one of the lances from their hand* 
 and broke it. Of this the natives seemed to take no no- 
 tice, and went away ; but the next day, on coming to a 
 large village, they there found the three men, wi;h three 
 . or four hundred of their countrymen, al! armed with lan- 
 ces and targets. As the English advanced they were 
 stopped by these people, who began to pilfer and insult 
 them, and at last fell upon and beat them. 
 
 Conceiving that it was the intention of the natives to 
 kill them, they formed a resolution to defend themselves 
 to the last extremity. Accordingly, placing the women, 
 the children, and the sick at some distance, the remain 
 der, to the number of eighty or ninety, engaged their op- 
 ponents in a kind of running fight for upwards cf hvo 
 hours, when our countrymen gaming an eminence, where 
 
04 LCSS OF THE 
 
 they could not be surrounded, a kind of parley took 
 place. In this unfortunate encounter many were wound- 
 ed on both sides, but none killed. After a pacification 
 bad taken place, the English cut the buttons from their 
 coats, and presented them to the natives, upon which 
 they went away and returned no more. 
 
 The following night they were terrified with the noise 
 of wild beasts, so that the men were obliged to keep 
 watch- to prevent their too near approach. What a dread- 
 ful situation, especially for females of delicate habits, and 
 so lately possessing all the luxuries that eastern refine- 
 ment could afford ! 
 
 When morning arrived they were again joined by 
 Trout, who had been on board the wreck, and had loaded 
 himself with various articles of iron and copper, which 
 he was carrying to his habitation. He cautioned them 
 against making any resistance in future, for as they were 
 not furnished with any weapons of defence, opposition 
 would only tend to irritate the natives and increase ob- 
 structions. With this advice he left them. 
 
 Having made some progress during the day, they 
 agreed to pass the night near a deep gully, but were so 
 distnrbcd by the bowlings of wild beasts that they could 
 get but little sleep. Though a large fire was kept up to 
 intimidate these unwelcome visitors, they came so near 
 as to occasion a general alarm. 
 
 The next day as they were advancing, a party of na- 
 tives came down upon them, and plundered them, 
 among other things, of their tinder-box, flint, and steel, 
 which proved an irreparable loss. They were now 
 rsbligrd to carry with them a fire-brand by turns, the na- 
 tives following them until it was almost dark. At length 
 they came to a small river, where they determined to 
 stop during the night. Before the natives retired they 
 became more insolent than ever, robbing the gentlemen 
 of their watches, and the ladies of the diamonds which 
 they had secreted in their hair. Opposition was in vain ; 
 the attempt to resist these outrages being productive of 
 fresh insults, and even blows. 
 
 The following day they crossed the river. Here their 
 provisions being nearly expended, and the delay and 
 fatigue occasioned by travelling with the wgmcn and 
 
GROSVENOR INDIAMAN, 65 
 
 Children being very great, the sailors began to niurmcr, 
 and each seemed resolved to shift lor himself. Accord- 
 ingly the captain, with Mr. Logic, the first mate, and h^ 
 wife ; the third mate, Colonel James and Lady, Mr. and 
 Mrs. Hosea, Mr. Newman, a passenger, the purser, the 
 surgeon, and five of the children, agreed to keep together, 
 and travel as before ; many of the sailors were a!so pre- 
 vailed upon to attend them, by the liberal promises of 
 the passengers. 
 
 On the other hand, Mr. Shaw, the second mate, Mr. 
 Trotter, the Fourth, Mr. Harris, the fifth, Captain Talbot, 
 Messrs. Williams and Taylor, M. D'Espinette, several 
 other gentlemen, and their servants, together with a 
 number of the seamen, in all forty-three persons, among 
 whom was Hynes, from whom much information was 
 afterwards obtained, resolved to hasten forward. A 
 young gentleman of the name of Law, seven or < 
 years of age, crying after one of the passengers, 
 agreed to take him with them, and vo cany hiu 
 tarns when tired. 
 
 This separation was equally fatal, cruel, and impo- 
 litic ; however, the second mate's party ha^ : 
 
 ,kcd by a river, they once more joined with g 
 .action, and travelled in company the whole of 
 day and part of the next. 
 
 They now arrived at a large village, where they found 
 Trout, who introduced his wife and child to them. ;.i.d 
 begged a piece of pork. He informed them that 
 was his residence, and repeated his former declaration, 
 that the natives would not suffer him to depart, even if 
 be were inclined to return to his own country. He how- 
 ever, communicated various articles of information rela- 
 tive to their journey, for which they made due acknow- 
 ledgements ; but it is to be lamented, that he could not 
 be induced to extend his services, or rather, thc-t 
 crimes and character rendered him dangerous to be 
 trusted, and fearful of trusting himself among Christians. 
 
 During their conversation with Trout the natives sur- 
 
 :eci then? in numbers, and continued to follow them 
 
 sk. The two companies passed the night together, 
 
 . c:?{ih! t... have been the bond of 
 
 P2 
 
. LOSS OR ME 
 
 unity, was unfortunately perverted into an occasion lor 
 disaffection and complaint. 
 
 Their provisions running very short, a party went 
 down to the sea-side to seek for shell-fish on the rocks, 
 and found a considerable quantity of oysters, muscles, 
 and limpets. These were divided among the women, 
 the children, and the sick; for the tide happening to 
 come in before they had collected a sufficient stock, 
 some of the wretched troop were obliged to put up with 
 a very scanty allowance. After a repast, which rather 
 oxcited than gratified their appetites, they continued 
 their march, and about noon reached a small village, 
 where an old man approached them, armed with a lance, 
 which he levelled, making, at the same time, a noise 
 somewhat resembling the report of a musket. From 
 this circumstance, it is probable, he was acquainted with 
 the use of fire arms, and apprehended they would kill his 
 cuttle, for he immediately drove his herd into the kraall ; 
 an indosure, wheie they are always secured upon the 
 appearance of danger, arid during the night. The old 
 man took no farther notice of the English, but they were 
 followed by some of the other inhabitants of the village, 
 who behaved extremely ill. 
 
 The final separation now took place ; they parted to 
 meet no more. In adopting this resolution they appear 
 to have been influenced by motives which had, at least, 
 the specious appearance of reason. . They conceived, 
 that by pursuing different routes, and travelling in small 
 parties, they should be less the object of jealously to 
 the natives, and could the more easily procure subsis- 
 tence. To counterbalance these advantages, however, 
 they lost that unity of action, that systematic direction, 
 which a prudent superior can communicate to those un- 
 der his care ; and by rejecting established authority, they 
 soon split into parties, guided ostiy by caprice, and sway- 
 ed by temporary views. After all, they did not part 
 without evincing those emotions so honorable to human 
 nature : their misfortunes had, in some measure, levelled 
 distinctions, and the services of the lowest were regarded 
 as tokens of friendship, not expressions of duty. 
 
 From this period the fate of the captain, and his asso- 
 ciates, is almost wholly unknown. But imagination 
 
GROSVENOR INDIA-MAN. 07 
 
 cannot form a scene of deeper distress than what the 
 delicate and tender sex, and the innocent children must 
 have experienced. From the accounts of some of the 
 party who survived their distresses and subsequent in- 
 quiries, it is probable, that the hand of death b*oon re- 
 leased them from their accumulated ills ; though the 
 public mind was long harrassed with the belief that a 
 few had been doomed to worse than death among the 
 natives. 
 
 The Reparation being decided upon, the party whicli 
 had attached itself to the second mate, travelled till it 
 was quite dark, when, arriving at a convenient spot, they 
 kindled a nre and reposed for the night. 
 
 Next day they proceeded, as they conjectured, thirty 
 miles ; and though they saw great numbers of the na- 
 tives they received from them not the least molesta- 
 tion. Towards the close of the day, they reached an 
 extensive wood, and being fearful of entering it, lest 
 they might loose their way, they spent a restless night 
 on its verge, being terribly alarmed by the howling of 
 wild beasts. 
 
 They continued their route the following day till noon, 
 without any other food than wild sorrel and such berries 
 as they observed the birds to peck at. None of the 
 natives made their appearance ; the wanderers having 
 reached a point of the rocks, found some shell-fish, and 
 after refreshing themselves they advanced tiil they came 
 to the banks of a targe river where they reposed. 
 
 Next morning, finding the river very broad and deep, 
 and several of the company being unable to swim, they 
 resolved to follow its windings, and seek some place 
 where it was fordable. In their way they passed ma- 
 ny villages, the inhabitants of which were too much 
 alarmed to yield them any assistance. Pursuing the 
 course of the river a considerable way, and not finding 
 it become narrower, they determined to construct cata- 
 marans, a kind of raft, in order to cross it. This being 
 effected, with such materials as they found on the banks, 
 those who < w, 'd not swim were placed upon the float, 
 which being; impelled by the others, they all crossed it 
 .fety, though the river \vas computed to be not Lr?s 
 u i\\Q xi;5.!cs over. 
 
68 LOSS OF THE 
 
 It was now thro 2 days since they had left the sea, and 
 during that period they had scarcely taken any nourish 
 rncnt but water and a little wild sorrel. They therefore 
 again directed their course to the shore, where they W<TP 
 fortunate enough to find abundance of shell-fish, which 
 afforded them a very seasonable refreshment. 
 
 After following the trendings of the coast for three or 
 four days, during which the natives suffered them to pass 
 without molestation, penetrating a pathless wood, where, 
 perhaps, no human being ever trod, uncertain which way 
 to proceed, incommoded by the heat, and exhausted by 
 the fatigues of their march, they were almost read} t:> 
 .sink, when they reached the summit of a hill. Here they 
 rested, and had the satisfaction to see a spacious plain be- 
 fore them, through which a fine stream meandered. As 
 the wild beasts, however, were accustomed, in their noc- 
 turnal prowlings to resort to this place for water, the situa- 
 tion of the travellers was perilous, and subject to contin- 
 ual alarms. 
 
 In the morning one of the party ascened a lofty tree to 
 observe the trendings of the coast, after which they resu- 
 med their course, and entered another wood jubt as the 
 uight.set in. Having passed it by paths which the wild 
 beasts alone had made, they again reached the sea coast. 
 Here they made fires, which, after the fatigues they Iad 
 undergone, was a toilsome business, and threw into them 
 the oysters they had collected, to make them open, v* 
 they had not a single knife remaining among them. On 
 this spot they reposed, but found no water. 
 
 Next day, the wanderers, in the course of their journey, 
 had the good fortune to discover a dead whale, v 
 sicrht in their present situation, afforded them no little 
 satisfaction. The want of a knife to cut it up prevented 
 them from taking full advantage of this accidental sup- 
 ply ; some of them, though in the extremity of hunger, 
 nauseated this food : while others, making a fire on the 
 .carcase, dug out the part thus roasted, with oyster-shells, 
 and made a hearty meal. 
 
 A fine ievel country now presented it?' x the sight of 
 which caused them to believe that their fatigue- 
 a termination, and that they had reached the no; 
 most part of the the Dutch 'colonies. Here new d,- 
 
GROSVESOP, IXDIAMAK- 6$' 
 
 sions arose, some advising (hat they should peneirate in- 
 land, while others persevered in the original plan of keep- 
 ing in the vicinity of the sea-coast. 
 
 After many disputes another 'division of the party toojv 
 place. Mr. Shaw, the fourth mate, Mr. Harris, the fifth, 
 Messrs. Williams and Taylor, Capt. Talbot, and seamen, 
 to the number of twenty- two persons, among whom was 
 Hynes, the reporter, resolved to proceed inland. The 
 carpenter, the ship's steward, M. d'Espinette, M. Olivier, 
 with about twenty-four seamen, continued to follow the 
 ahore. 
 
 The party which took the interior proceeded for three 
 days through a very pleasant country, where they saw a 
 great number of deserted kraalls. During this time they 
 had nothing to subsist on but a few oysters, which they 
 carried with them, and some berries and wild sorrel gath- 
 ered on the way. The effects of hunger soon compelled 
 them to return to the coast, where, as usual, they found 
 a supply of shell-fish. As they were proceeding up a 
 steep hill, soon after their separation, Capt. Talbot com- 
 plained of great lassitude, and repeatedly sat down to 
 rest himself. The company several times indulged him 
 by doing the same ; but perceiving that he was quite ex- 
 hausted, they went on, leaving him and his faithful ser- 
 vant, Blair, silting beside each other, and neither of them 
 were heard of any more. 
 
 Having reposed \i<>nr the shore the next day, about 
 noon, they arrived at a small river, where they found tv/o 
 cjf the carpenter's party, who, being unable to swim, had 
 been left behind. The joy of these poor creatures, at 
 the sight of their comrades was excessive. They were 
 preserved since they had been in this place, r.l:nost by a 
 miracle, for while they were gathering shell-fish on the 
 beach, their fire went ou!, so that it WHS wonderful how 
 they escaped being devoured by the wild be; 
 
 They were with difficulty got over the river, and i 
 clling on for four days 'iiore the party came to another 
 river, of such breadth that none of them would attempt 
 to pass it. Having no alternative, they marched along its 
 banks in hopes of finding a practicable passage, and arriv- 
 ed at a village, where the natives shewed them tho 
 de of a watch, which some cf the carpent* 
 
70 9 LOSS OP THE 
 
 had given for a little milk. Mr. Shaw conceiving that 
 such a traffic would not be unacceptable, offered them 
 the inside of his watch for a calf. To these terms they 
 assented, but no sooner had they obtained possession of 
 the price than they withheld the calf, which was imme- 
 diately driven out of the village. 
 
 They continued their march along the river for several 
 clays, and passed through several villages without moles- 
 tation from the inhabitants, till they came to a part where 
 they conceived they should be able to cross. Having 
 constructed a catamaran, as before, they all passed the 
 river in safety, excepting the two who had been left be- 
 hind by the carpenter's party, and who were afraid to 
 venture. These unfortunate men were never seen af- 
 terwards. 
 
 Having gained the opposite bank, the company now 
 proceeded, in an oblique direction, towards the shore, 
 which they reached about noon on the third day. The 
 next morning, at the ebbing of the tide, they procured 
 some shell-fish, and having refreshed themselves, they 
 pursued their journey. 
 
 In the course of that day's march they fell in with a 
 party of the natives, belonging, as they imagined, to a 
 new nation, by whom they were beaten, and extremely 
 ill treated. To avoid their persecutions they concealed 
 themselves in the woods till the savages had retired, when 
 they assembled again and resumed their march. They 
 had not proceeded far before they perceived the prints of 
 human feet in the sand, from which they concluded that 
 their late companions were before them. In the hope of 
 rejoining them they traced their supposed footsteps for a 
 while, but soon lost them among the rocks and gra 
 
 After some time they came to another river, not very 
 broad, but of considerable depth, which they passed in 
 safety on a catamaran, r.s before. Nothing remarkable 
 occurred during the three following days ; but at the ex- 
 piration of that period they ovenook the carpenter's party, 
 whose sufferings they found had been even more severe 
 than their own. The carpenter himself had been poi- 
 soned by eating some kind of fruit, with the nature of 
 which he was unacquainted : M. d'Espinette, and M. Oli- 
 vier, worn out wifn farfiine and fatigue, had been left to 
 
(6ROSVENCR 1NDIAHAN. 71 
 
 fate. The unfortunate little traveller, Law, was still 
 with them, and had hitherto supported every hardship in 
 an astonishing manner. 
 
 Thus once more%united they proceeded together till 
 they came to a sandy beach, where they found a couple of 
 planks with a spike nail in each. This convinced them 
 that some European ships had been near the coast, or 
 that they were in the vicinity of some settlement. The 
 nails were prizes of the first consequence ; these being 
 flattened between two stones, were shaped into some- 
 thing like knives, and, to men in their situation, were con- 
 sidered a most valuable acquisition. 
 
 In a ahort time they came to another river, on whose 
 banks they accidentally found fresh water, which induced 
 them to rest there for the night. In the morning, they 
 crossed the river, and on examining the sea-shore they 
 found another dead whale, which diffused a general joy, 
 till a large party of natives, armed with lances Ccine 
 down upon them. These people, however, perceiving 
 the deplorable condition of the travellers, conducted 
 themselves in such a pacific manner as to dispel their ap- 
 prehensions. One of them even lent those who were 
 employed upon the whale, his lance, by means of which, 
 and their two knives, they cut it into junks, and carried 
 off a considerable quantity, till they could find wood and 
 water to dress it. 
 
 On coining to a river the following day, another of the 
 parly dropped, and they were ur'kT the cruel necessity 
 of leaving him behind. Having plenty of provisions they 
 now proceeded four days without intermission, and pro- 
 curing a stick, they set about making a kind of calendar, 
 by cutting a notch for every day; but, in crossing a river, 
 this register of time was lost, and the care they had taken 
 to compute their melancholy days was of no avail. 
 
 They soon reached a new river, where they halted for 
 the night. The frequent impediments of rivers much re- 
 tarded their progress. Few of these, however, are of 
 very great magnitude at any distance from the sea ; but 
 as the waves derived all their subsistence from the watery 
 element they were obliged to submit to the inconvenience 
 of passing them in general where the tide flowed. This 
 will account for difficulties, from which, had it been prac- 
 
72 t9SS t THE 
 
 tieable, a more inland course would have exempted 
 them. 
 
 As the weather was very unfavorable next morning, 
 some of the company were afraid to' cross the river, upon 
 which Hynes, and about ten more, being impatient to 
 proceed, swam across, leaving the rest, among whom 
 was master Law, behind them. Having gained the op- 
 posite shore, they proceeded till they came to a place 
 where they met with shell-fish, wood, and water. Here 
 they halted two days, in expectation of the arrival of 
 the others ; but as it still blew fresh, they concluded that 
 their more timorous companions had not ventured to cross 
 the river ; therefore thinking it in vain to wait any longer, 
 they went forward. 
 
 They had not travelled many hours before they had 
 the ar<od fortune to discover a dead seal on the beach. 
 One of she knives being in the possession of this party, 
 they cut up their prej r , dressed part of the flesh on the 
 spot and carried the rest with them. 
 
 The next morning the party left behind overtook them. 
 It was now conducted by the ship's steward, and in the 
 interval from the recent separation, it appeared that they 
 had suffered extremely from the natives, from hunger, 
 and fatigue, and that five of them were no more. Thus 
 these unfortunate men were rapidly losing some of their 
 body ; yet the reflection of their forlorn condition did 
 not rouse them to the good effects of unanimity, which 
 alone, had it been either a permanent principle, or en- 
 forced by an authority to which they ought to have sub- 
 mitted, might have saved them many distresses, and 
 would have tended to the preservation of numbers. Con- 
 cord is always strength ; the contrary, even in the hap- 
 piest circumstances, is weakness and ruin. 
 
 Having shared the remainder of the seal among them, 
 and taken some repose, they again proceeded in one 
 body, and after some time came to a lofty mountain, 
 which it was necessary to cross, or go round the bluff 
 point of a rock on which the surf beat With great vio- 
 lence. The latter appearing to be much the shortest 
 passage, they chose it, but had reason to repent their 
 determination, as they lad a miraculous escape with 
 '-o.mc of them jiot. only lest their provi; 
 
trROSVENOR INDIAMAN. /> 
 
 but their fire-brands, which they had hitheto carefully 
 earned with them, were extinguished by the waves. 
 
 Dispirited by this essential loss, which was their chief 
 protection from the wild beasts, they felt the misery of 
 their situation with aggravated force, and an additional 
 gloom clouded their future prospects. Marching along 
 in this disconsolate mood, they fell in with some feniale 
 natives, who immediately fled. When the travellers 
 came up to the spot where these women had been first 
 descried, they had the satisfaction to find that the fire on 
 which they had been dressing muscles was not extinguih- 
 ed. With joy they lighted their brands, and after a few 
 hours repose pursued their course. 
 
 Next day they arrived at a village, where the natives 
 offered to barter a young bullock with them. The inside 
 of a watch, some buttons, and other trifles, were offered 
 and readily accepted in exchange ; the beast being deliv- 
 ered up, was despatched by the lance of one of the na- 
 tives. The Caffrees were pleased to receive back the 
 entrails, and the carcase being divided in the most im- 
 partial manner, our people took up their abode for that 
 night near the village, and the next morning passed an- 
 other river on a catamaran. 
 
 The bullock was the only sustenance they had hither- 
 to received from the natives, by barter or favor, except- 
 ing that the women sometimes gave the poor child who 
 accompanied them some milk. Among the most barba- 
 rous nations, the females, to the honor of their sex, are 
 always found to be comparatively humane, and never 
 was there a more just object of commiseration than mas- 
 ter Law. Hitherto he had got on tolerably well, through 
 the benevolent attention of his companions. He walk- 
 ed when able, and when tired, they carried him in turn 
 without a murmur. None ever obtained any food with- 
 out allowing him a share. When the rest were collect- 
 ing shell-fish he was left to watch the fire, and on their 
 return he participated in the spoils. 
 
 They now entered a sandy desert, which they were 
 ten days in passing. In this desolate tract they had ma- 
 ny rivers to pass ; and had it not been for the supply of 
 footl {hey carried with them, they must all have perished. 
 However, they had wood hi abundance, seldom failed to 
 G 
 
<74 LOSS OF THE 
 
 find water by digging in the sand, and being safe from 
 the apprehensions of the natives, this appears to have 
 been the most pleasant part of their journey: 
 
 Having crossed the desert, they entered the territories 
 of a new nation, by whom they were sometimes mal- 
 treated, and at others were suffered to pass without mo- 
 lestation. Being now on the borders of the ocean, they 
 fell in with a party of the natives, who, by signs, advis- 
 ed them to go inland ; and complying with their direc- 
 tions, they soon arrived at a village, where they found 
 only women ami children. The women brought out a 
 little milk, which they gave to master Law. It was con- 
 tained in a small basket, curiously formed of rushes, and 
 so compact as to hold any kind of liquid. Here they 
 had an opportunity of examining several huts, and ob- 
 served the mode in which the natives churn their butter. 
 The milk is put into a leather bag, which is suspended 
 in the middle of the tent, and .pushed backward and for- 
 ward by two persons, til! the butter arrives at a proper 
 consistence. When thus prepared, they mix it with 
 .soot, and anoint themselves with the composition, which 
 proves a defence against the intense heat of the climate, 
 and renders their limbs uncommonly pliant and active. 
 
 While the travellers were resting themselves^ the men 
 belonging to the village returned from hunting, each 
 bearing upon the point of his spear a piece of deer's 
 flesh. They formed a ring round the strangers, and 
 seemed to gaze on them with admiration. After having 
 satisfied their curiosity, they produced two bowls of 
 milk, which they appeared willing to barter; but as our 
 wretched countrymen had nothing to give in exchange, 
 they drank it up themselves. 
 
 j-cely had they finished their meal, when they all 
 rose up, and in an instant went off into the woods, leaving 
 the English, under some apprehensions as to the cause of 
 this sudden motion. In a short time, however, they re- 
 turned with a deer, and though our people earnesly in- 
 treated to be permit ted to partake of the spoil, the na- 
 tives not.ciiJy disregarded their solicitations, but likewise 
 insisted on their quitting the kraal. This they were 
 obliged to comply with, and after walking a few miles, 
 fhv far down to rest. 
 
GROSV^NOR INDIAMAX. 75 
 
 For several days they pursued their journey without 
 any remarkable occurrence. They frequently fell in with 
 the natives, who had great numbers of oxen, but they 
 would part with nothing without a return, which was 
 not in the power of the travellers to make. They had, 
 however, the negative satisfaction of not being annoyed 
 in their progress. They now came to another river, 
 where they saw three or four huts, containing only wo- 
 men and children. The flesh of sea-cows and sea-lions 
 was hanging up to dry, of which the women gave the 
 travellers a part. ' They slept that night at a small dis- 
 tance from these huts. 
 
 Next morning Hynes and nine others swam across the 
 river, but the rest were too timorous to make the at- 
 tempt. Those who had crosed the river, soon sifler- 
 terwards had the good fortune to observe a seal asleep, 
 just at high- water mark, and having cut off his retreat, 
 theyi found means to kill him. Having duidfd the flesh, 
 they travelled four or five days, occasionally falling in 
 with the natives, who, upon the whole, behaved with 
 tolerable forbearance. 
 
 They now arrived at another river, winch they were 
 obliged to cross, and proceeding on their route, the 
 next day found a whale : and thus being well supplied 
 with provisions they resolved to halt for their compan- 
 ions : but after waiting in vain two days, they proceed- 
 ed without them. They afterwards found that their 
 companions had token a more inland route, and had got 
 befoi'e them. Having, therefore, cut up as mttch of the 
 whale as they could carry, and being much refreshed, 
 they proceeded with alacrity, having now no necessity to 
 loiter in quest of food. 
 
 Thus they travelled for more than a week, and in 
 their way discovered some pieces of rags, which satisfi- 
 ed them that their late associates had got the start of 
 them. They now entered an extensive sandy desert, 
 and finding, towards the close of the first day, but little 
 prospect of obtaining either wood or water, they were 
 much disheartened. To their joy, however, at the en- 
 trance of a deep gulley they saw the following words trac- 
 ed on the sand : Turn in here and you nill find plenty 
 of wood and water. This cheered them like a revelation 
 
76 LOSS OF THE 
 
 from heaven, and on entering the gulley they found the 
 notification verified, and the remains of several fires, 
 which assured them that their late companions had re- 
 ppsed in the same place. 
 
 They proceeded several days, proportionally exhaust- 
 ed with fatigue as they advanced, but without any me- 
 morable occurrence. They now carne. to a bluff point 
 of a rock, which projected so far into the sea as to ob- 
 struct their progress, so that they were obliged to direct 
 their course more inland. To add to their distress, 
 their provisions were again exhausted, when, arriving at 
 a large pond, they luckily found- a number of land-crabs, 
 snails, and some sorrel in the vicinity, and on these 
 .they made a satisfactory meal. 
 
 As soon as it dawned they resumed their journey, and 
 entering a wood, they observed many of the trees torn 
 up by the roots. \Vhile they were lost in amazement 
 at this phenomenon, to their terror and astonishment 
 thirty or forty large elephants started up out of the long 
 ^rasy, with which the ground was covered. The travel- 
 lew stood some moments in suspense, whether they 
 would retreat or advance ; but, by taking a circuitous 
 course, they passed these enormous creatures without 
 imy injury. The grass in which they lay was not less 
 than eight or nine feet high. This may appear strange 
 to those who are not acquainted with the luxuriant vegi- 
 tation of tropical climates, but other travellers of ui> 
 questionable veracity, have made the same remarks on 
 Africa. 
 
 Having reached the sea shore that night, our travellers 
 were miserably disappointed by the state of the tide, 
 which deprived them of their usual supplies of shell-fish. 
 To such extremities were they, in consequence reduced, 
 that some of them, who had made shoes of the hide of 
 tl.e bullock obtained in barter from the natives, singed 
 off the hair, broiled and eat them. This unsavory dish 
 they rendered as palatable as possible by means of some 
 wild celery they found on the spot, and the whole party 
 partook of it. 
 
 At low water they went as usual to the rocks to pro- 
 euro shell-fish ; and as they proceeded they often per- 
 ceived evident traces of that division of their party 
 
GROSVENOR INDIAMAN. 77 
 
 which had got the start of them. In two days time ther 
 fell in with a hunting party of the natives, who offered 
 no molestation to our people as they passed, and for 
 several days they every where behaved with the same 
 forbearance. 
 
 After passing two rivers, and finding no fresh water 
 near them, they entered a sterile country, where the na- 
 tives appeared to have nothing to- subsist on but what 
 they derived from hunting and fishing. What then must 
 have been the situation of our travellers ! They had not 
 a drop of water for several days ; and a few berries 
 which they occasionally picked up, were the only allevi- 
 ation of their burning thirst. However, they soon reach- 
 ed Caffraria, properly so called, which they found to be 
 a fine and populous country. 
 
 During their march through this territory our travellers 
 were absolutely starving in the midst of plenty. They 
 saw abundance of cattle, but so tenaci(>\;s were the na- 
 tives of their property, that they would not part with 
 any thing gratuitously, and our people had nothing to give 
 in barter. So apprehensive were the Caffre.es, lest these 
 poftr vagrants might commit depredations, that they con- 
 stantly secured their cattle as they approached, and even 
 used violence to keep them at a distance. So true it is 
 that in all countries poverty is considered rather ?.s a 
 crime than a misfortune, and that he who has nothing to 
 bestow, is immediately suspected of an intention to take 
 away. 
 
 But the Caffrees have been characterised as a humane 
 and inoffensive people. How are we then to reconcile 
 this description with the conduct they displayed to our 
 countrymen ? May not the idea, that they were Duti-h- 
 men, solve the difficulty ? Between the Caffrees aad the 
 Dutch colonists "an inveterate enmity subsisted at that 
 period. The Caffrees hatl been treated with unparalleled 
 cruelty and oppression by the white people, with \vhom 
 they were conversant ; all white people were, therefore, 
 probably regarded as enemies. rAmong uncivilized na- 
 tions, wherever any intercourse lias been estan listed 
 with Europeans, the characters of the hitler, in general, 
 have been determined from the conduct of a v, 01 -lii^ 
 G2 
 
73 LOSS OP THE 
 
 few. Thus, as on other important occasions, many suf- 
 fer for the vices of individuals. 
 
 Oar travellers every where repelled, or regarded with 
 apprehension, at length came to a river, and having 
 crossed it, were met by a party of the natives, one of 
 whom had adorned his hair with a piece of a silver 
 buckle, which was known to have belonged to the ship's 
 cook. It seems the cook, who set a particular value 
 upon hh: buckles, had covered them with bits of cloth, 
 to conceal them from the natives ; but at length hunger. 
 had compelled him to break them up, in order to barter 
 ihem for food : but no sooner was the price deposited 
 than the natives broke their engagement, as had been 
 general practice, except in one solitary instance, 
 and drove the claimants away. 
 
 llynes and his party were roughly handled by the na- 
 Jives they had fallen in with. To avoid their persecution, 
 they travelled k ?J late, at night, and after reposing fora 
 few hours, they recommenced their journey before it 
 was 11 v<i, that they might escape a repetition of their ill 
 treatment. 
 
 Next day about noon," they reached a spot wh re 
 there was good water, and the probability of finding an, 
 abundance of shell-fish ; here, being much fatigued, 
 they determined to spend the night. While in this situa- 
 tion they were overtaken by a tremendous storm -of 
 thunder atd lightning, and the rain poured down in such 
 torrents that they were obliged to hold up their canvas 
 frocks over the fire to save it from being extinguished. 
 Next day at low water, they found shell-fish, as usual, 
 staid some time to dry their clothes, and then resumed 
 their journey. Coming to a large village the inhabitants 
 Hill upon them with such fury, that several of them were 
 wounded, m consequence of which, one man died soon 
 afterwards. Hynes received a wound in his leg from a 
 lance, and being knocked down, was left senseless on 
 the spot by his companions, who supposed him to be 
 dead. However, in a f'ow hours, to their great joy, he. 
 ;ed his countrymen, who had despaired of ever 
 seeing him again. 
 
 From this time they lost sight of the habitations of the 
 natives ; and entered a sandy desert, where it wus wifh 
 
GROSVENOR IND1AMAX. T9 
 
 the utmost difficulty they could procure any sustenance. 
 At intervals, indeed, they experienced the usual bounty 
 of the sea, and having collected as many shell-fish as 
 possible, they opened them in the fire, and taking out 
 the animal, left the shells which greatly diminished the 
 labor of carriage. 
 
 Having passed the desert, they arrived at a large river, 
 which, as they afterwards learned from the Dutch, is 
 called Bosjesman's river. Here they found Thomas 
 Lewis, one of the party which hail gone before them, 
 who having been taken ill, was abandoned to his fate. 
 He informed them that he had travelled inland and seeii 
 many huts, at one of which he obtained a little milk, 
 and at another was beaten away. He added, that having 
 reached the place where he now was, he found himself 
 too weak to cross the river, and was, therefore, deter- 
 mined to return to the nearest kraal, indifferent as to his 
 reception or his life. In vain his companions strove to 
 overcome this determination. They flattered him with 
 the hope of yet being able to reach the Cape, but their 
 encouragement was ineffectual. Both his body and mind 
 were broken ilown ; he had drained the cup of affliction 
 to the dregs ; despair had laid her iron hand upon him, 
 and sealed him for her own. In spite of all their entrea- 
 ties he went uack to the natives, and once more had flip 
 good fortune to receive assistance, when he could least 
 of all expect it, and in such a shape as proved effectual 
 to his preservation. But we art? anticipating events. 
 
 On exploring the sea coast, our people, to thdr great 
 joy, dicovered another whale, and having cut the flesh 
 into junks, took with them as much of it as they were 
 able to carry. Again losing sight of the natives, ami 
 their huts, they were kept in perpetual alarm by the wild 
 beasts, which were here more numerous than in any part 
 of the country through which they had hitherto passed. 
 
 On the fourth day, after passing the river, they over- 
 took the ship's steward and Master Law, who still surviv- 
 ed inexpressible hardships. From them they learned 
 that the cooper had been buried the preceding evening in 
 the sand ; but when Hynes and the steward went to take 
 a farewell view of the spot, they found to their surprise 
 and horror, that the fcptly had been carried off by ^ ; 
 
80 LOSS OF THE 
 
 carnivorous animal, which had evidently dragged it to a 
 considerable distance. 
 
 Hynes' party presented the steward and child with 
 some of the flesh of the whale, by wkich they were 
 much refreshed ; and for eight or ten days more they all v 
 proceeded in company. At length they came to a point 
 of rocks, and as the whale was by this time wholly con- 
 sumed, they went round the edge in search of such sus- 
 tenance as the sea might afford. This took up so much 
 time that they were obliged to sleep on the rock, where 
 they could procure no water but what was very brackish. 
 In the morning the steward and child were both taken ill, 
 and being unable to proceed, the party agreed to halt 
 till the next day. The extreme coldness of the rock on 
 which they had slept, produced a sensible effect on them 
 all ; the steward and child still continued very ill. Their 
 companions, therefore, agreed to wait another day, when, 
 if no favorable turn took place, they would be under the 
 painful necessity of abandoning them to their fate. But 
 their humanity was not put to this severe test, for in the 
 course of the following night, this poor child resigned 
 his breath, and ceased any longer to share their fatigues 
 and sorrows. They had left him, as they supposed, 
 asleep, near the fire round which they had all rested dur- 
 ing the night; but when they had made their arrange- 
 ments for breakfast, and wished to call him to participate, 
 they found that his soul had taken its flight to another 
 world. 
 
 Forgetting their own misery they sensibly felt for the 
 loss of this tender youth, and the affliction of the stew- 
 ard in particular was inexpressible. This child had 
 been the object of his fondest care, during a long and 
 perilous journey, and it was with the utmost difficulty 
 that his companions could tear him from the spot. 
 
 They had not proceeded far before one of the party 
 asked for a shell of water, which being given him, he 
 solicited a second, and as soon as he had drunk it, lay 
 down aud instantly expired. So much were they habit- 
 uated to scens of distress, that, by this time, death had 
 ceased to be regarded as shocking ; it was even consid- 
 ered by them as a consummation rather to be wished for 
 than' dreaded. They left the poor man where he drop- 
 
GROSVESOR INDIAMAK, 81 
 
 ped, and had not advanced far, when another complain- 
 ed of extreme weakness, and sat down upon the sand 
 by the seaside. Him too they left, compelled by se- 
 vere necessity, in order to seek for wood and water, 
 promising, if they were successful, to return to assist 
 him. 
 
 Having sought in vain for a comfortable restingplace 
 for the night, they were all obliged to repose on the 
 sands. Recollecting the situation of their comrade, one 
 of the party went back to the spot where he had been 
 left, but the unhappy man was not to be found ; and as 
 he had nothing to shelter or protect him, it is more than 
 probable that he was carried off by wild beasts. 
 
 With the first approach of day they resumed their 
 journey, but their situation was now more deplorable 
 than ever. Having had no water since the middle of 
 the preceding day, they suffered exceedingly from thirst, 
 the glands of their throats and their mouths were much 
 swollen : and in tho- extremity of thirst they were indu- 
 ced to swallow their own urine. 
 
 This was the crisis of calamnity. The misery they 
 now underwent was too shocking to relate. Having 
 existed for two days without food or water, they wore 
 reduced to such an extremity, that when any of them 
 rould not furnish himself with a draught of urine, he would 
 borrow a shell full of his more fortunate companion till he 
 was able to repay it. The steward, whose benevolence 
 ought to immortalize his memory, now followed his little 
 favorite to another world. In short, to such a state of 
 wretchedness were they now reduced, that death was 
 stripped of all its terrors. 
 
 Next morning hvo more of the party were reduced 
 to a very languid state ; one of them, unable to proceed 
 a step farther, lay down, and his companions, incapable 
 of affording him any assistance, took an affectionate 
 farewell, and left him to expire. 
 
 Towards evening they reached a deep gully, which 
 they entered, in the hope of meeting with fresh water. 
 Here they found another of the Grosvenor's crt^ lying 
 dead, with his right hand cut off at the wrist. A cir- 
 cumstance so singular could not fail to attract the notice 
 of his companions, especially as they recollected that it 
 
82 LOSS OF THE 
 
 had been the eommon asseveration of the deceased ; 
 May the devil cut my rigJU arm off* if it be not true / It 
 had a sensible effect upon his comrades for a time, as 
 they superstitiously imagined that Providence had inter- 
 fered, by a miracle, to show its indignation against his 
 profaneness. 
 
 One of the company, who had lost his own clothes in 
 crossing a river, took the opportunity of supplying him- 
 self by stripping the dead man, and then they proceeded 
 till night, without any other sustenance than what their 
 own water afforded them. 
 
 Next day brought no alleviation of their miseries, 
 Necessity impelled them to proceed, though hope scarce- 
 ly darted a ray through the gloom of their prospects. 
 The whole party was, at last, reduced to three persons, 
 Hynes, Evans, and Wormington, and these could hope 
 to survive their companions only a very few days. Their 
 faculties rapidly declined, they could scarcely hear or 
 see, and a vertical sun darted its beams so intensely 
 upon them, that it was with the utmost difficulty they 
 could proceed. 
 
 Their misery, from thirst, now became so intolerable, 
 that Wormington earnestly importuned his companions 
 to determine, by lot, which of them should die, in order 
 that the others mi^ht be presevered by drinking his 
 blood. Hynes, though almost childish, was shocked at 
 the proposal ; his tears flowed abundantly, and he de- 
 clared, that as long as he was able to walk he could not 
 think of casting lots ; but that, if he should be obliged 
 to drop, ihey might then use him as they pleased. Up- 
 on this, Wormington, shaking hands with Hynes and 
 Evens, suffered them to proceed without him. 
 
 Every hour now seemed to throw a deeper gloom 
 over their fate ; nature could support no more. Hynes 
 and Evans, however, made another effort to advance, 
 without even indulging a hope of the possibility of re- 
 lief. They this day saw something before them which 
 had the appearance of large birds, but their surprise may 
 be conceived, when, upon a nearer approach, they dis- 
 covered them to be men. Nearly blind and idiots, they 
 did not at first recollect their newly-found companions, 
 but after some time they recognized m them four of the 
 
GROSVENOR RfDIAAUN. 33 
 
 steward's party from which they had been separated. 
 One of them, a boy, named Price, advanced to meet 
 them, and gave them the pleasing information, that his 
 associates had fresh water in their possession. This in- 
 spired them with new life, and reciprocal inquiries were 
 made relative to the fate of their lost companions. The 
 three men \vhom Hynes and his companion had overta- 
 ken, were named Berney, Leary, and De Lasso, who 
 hearing that Wormington was left behind, the two latter 
 went in search of Mm, charging those who remained 
 not to suffer Hynes and Evans to drink too freely of the 
 water, as several had expired from the eagerness with 
 which they swallowed that fluid after long abstinence. 
 
 Wormington was recovered by the humanity of those 
 who went in search of Win, and a painful detail of suffer- 
 ings succeeded. It appeared that the captains's steward 
 had been buried in the sand of the last desert over which 
 they passed, and that the survivors were reduced to such 
 extremity, that after his interment two of the party was 
 sent back to cut off his flesh for their immediate support ; 
 but while proceeding upon this horrid errand, they had 
 the good fortune to discover a young seal, newly driven 
 on shore, and fresh bleeding, which proved a most sea- 
 sonable relief. They farther stated, that they had obtain- 
 ed shell-fish in the sand, when none were to be seen up- 
 on it, by observing the manner in which the birds 
 scratched for them. Without this discovery they must 
 inevitably have perished. 
 
 Hynes and Evans, recounting their adventures to the 
 party they had joined, among other circumstances, men- 
 tioned that the ship's steward, whom they had left to 
 expire on the road, had on very decent clothes. This 
 tempted one of them to propose to Evans, who was by 
 this time pretty well recovered, to go back to the spot and 
 strip the body, but the steward could not be found, and 
 .they concluded that the wild beasts had anticipated tjieir 
 design. In the evening Evans returned, but without hi* 
 companion, who had been so indolent, and advanced 
 with such a slow pace, that the former was obliged to 
 leave him behind. As he was never seen afterwards, no 
 doubt can be entertained but that he likewise fell a vic- 
 tim to the ravenous beasts. These were so 
 
$4 JLOSS OF THE 
 
 as to be seen in troops of twenty or more ; and it was 
 the common and effectual practice* of the travellers to 
 fehout as loud as possible to drive away those formidable 
 animals. 
 
 Haying now arrived at a favorable spot for water and 
 shell-fish, they employed two days in collecting provisions 
 for tiicir future inarch, and in refreshing themselves. 
 Rest and food had an astonishing effect in restoring not 
 only the powers of the body, but of the mind ; and in a 
 short time they thought themselves qualified to encoun- 
 ter new fatigues. 
 
 With extreme difficulty and danger they passed a 
 large river, supposed to be the Sontag, on a Catamaran, 
 and having reached the opposite shore, they looked back 
 with teror and amazement on their fortunate escape 
 from being driven out to sea by the rapidity of the 
 stream. Here they likewise found a kind of shell-fish 
 which buries itself in the sand, and which increased 
 their supplies. 
 
 The united party, consisting of Six persons, pursued 
 their route over a desert country, where neither hut nor 
 native was to be seen, and in six days reached the 
 Schwartz river, as they afterwards learned, on the 
 banks of which they took up their abode for the night. 
 
 The country, at length, began to assume a fertile and 
 cultivated appearance, and some huts appeared at a dis- 
 tance from the shore. While contemplating with 
 pleasure this change of prospect, the grass near them 
 took fire, and spread with great rapidity. They all useil 
 every effort to extinguish it, lest this involuntary mis- 
 chief should provoke the resentment of the natives, or 
 the blaze call them to the spot. 
 
 Next morning they swam over the river in safety, and 
 soon discovered another dead whale lying on the sea 
 shore. Thus -supplied with food they purposed resting 
 here a few days, if they could have found fresh water, 
 but that neeessary article being wanting, they cut up as 
 much of the whale as they could carry, and proceeded 
 on their route. In two hours they came to a thicket, 
 where they met with water, and halted to rest. 
 
 Next morning .four of the party went back to the 
 whale for a larger supply, De Lasso and Price being left 
 
GKOSyENOft INDIAMAN. & 
 
 in charge of the fire. As Price was collecting fuel, he 
 perceived at a little distance, two men with guns, and 
 being intimidated at the sight, he returned hastily to the 
 fire, whither the welcome intruders pursued him. These 
 men belonged to a Dutch settlement in the neighborhood, 
 and were in search of some strayed cattle. One of them, 
 named John Battores, supposed to be a Portuguese was 
 able to converse with De Lasso, the Italian, so as to be 
 understood, a circumstance as fortunate as it was little 
 to be expected. Battores having learned the outline of 
 their melancholy story, accompanied them to the whale, 
 where their companions were employed in cutting away 
 the flesh. Affected at the sight of these miserable ob- 
 jects, he desired them to throw away what they had been 
 collecting, promising them better fare when they reach- 
 ed the habitation to which he belonged. 
 
 In vain shall we attempt to describe the sensations of 
 the shipwrecked wanderers on receiving this intelligence, 
 and that they were within four hundred miles of the 
 Cape. The joy that instantly filled every bosom produ- 
 duced effects as various as extraordinary : one man 
 laughed, another wept, and the third danced with 
 transport. 
 
 On reaching the house of Mynheer Christopher Roos- 
 toofr, to whom Battores was bailiff, they were treated 
 with the kindest attention. The master, on being ac- 
 quainted with their distress, immediately ordered bread 
 and milk to be set before them ; but acting rather on 
 principles of hu inanity than prudence, he furnished 
 them such a quantity that their weak stomachs were 
 overloaded. After their meal, sacks were spread upon 
 the ground for them to repose on. 
 
 It had been so long since they had known any thing 
 of the calculation of time, that they were unacquainted 
 even with the name of the month ; and they were given 
 to understand, that the day of iheir deliverance was the 
 29th of November; so that one hundred and seventeen 
 days had revolved their melancholy hours since they were 
 shipwrecked ; a period of suffering almost unparalleled, 
 and during which they had often been miraculously 
 preserved. 
 
 H 
 
&tf LOSS OF THE 
 
 Next morning Mynheer Roostooff killed a sheep for the 
 entertainment of his guests, and another Dutchman, of 
 the name of Quin, came with a cart and six horses to 
 convey them towards the Cape. The boy, Price, be- 
 ing lame? from the hardships he had undergone, was 
 detained at Roostooff's house, who kindly undertook his 
 cure, and promised to send him after the others when 
 he was recovered. The rest of the party proceeded 
 to Quin's house, where they were hospitably entertained 
 four days. 
 
 From that time they were forwarded in carts, from 
 one settlement to another, till they arrived at Swellen- 
 dam, about one hundred miles from the Cape. Wher- 
 ever they passed they experienced the humanity of 
 the farmers, and their wants were relieved with a libe- 
 ral hand. 
 
 At Swellendam they were detained till orders should 
 be received from the governor at the Cape, in regard to 
 iheir future destiny, Holland and Great-Britain being at 
 that time at war. At length two of the party were or- 
 dered to be forwarded to the Cape, in order to be exam- 
 ined, while the rest were to remain at Swellendam. Ac- 
 cordingly Wormington and Leary proceeded to the Cape, 
 where, after being strictly interrogated, they were sent 
 on board a Dutch man of war lying in the bay, with or- 
 ders that they should be set to work. While in this situ- 
 ation, Wormington having discovered that the boatswain 
 was engaged in some fraudulent practices, imprudently 
 threatened to give information, on which the boatswain 
 desiring him and his companion to step into a boat, con- 
 veyed them on Board a Danish East Ihdiaman, just get- 
 ting under weigh, and by this fortunate incident they first 
 reached their native land. 
 
 But to .return to the fate of the rest. Though the 
 flames of war were ranging between the two nations, the 
 Dutch government, at the Cape, being informed of the 
 particulars of the loss of the Grosvenor, with a human- 
 ity which does them infinite honor, despatched a large 
 party in quest of the unhappy wanderers. This detach- 
 ment consisted of one hundred Europeans, and three 
 Jmndred Hottentots, attended by a great number of wag- 
 gon?, each drawn by eight bullocks. The command 
 
GROSVENOR, INDIA3UN. 87 
 
 was given to Captain Muller, with orders to proceed, if 
 possible, to the wreck, and load with such articles as 
 might be saved, and to endeavor to discover such of 
 the sufferers as were still wandering about the country, or 
 in the hands of the natives. 
 
 De Lasso and Evans accompanied this expedition as 
 guides ; but Hynes being still very weak was left at 
 Swellendam. The party was well provided with such 
 articles as were most likely to insure, them a favorable 
 reception from the natives, and procure the liberty of 
 the unfortunate persons they might find in their way. 
 They proceeded with spirit and alacrity, till the Caflfrees, 
 in consequence of their antipathy to the colonists, inter- 
 rupted the expedition. In their progress they found 
 Thomas Lewis, who had been abandoned by his com- 
 panions, as before mentioned, and William Hatterly who 
 was servant to the second mate, and had continued 
 with that party till he alone survived. Thus the fate 
 of one division was ascertained. 
 
 At other places on the road they met with seven 
 lascars, and two black women, one of whom was ser- 
 vant to Mrs. Logie, and the other to Mrs. Hosea. From 
 these women they learned, that soon after Hyne's party 
 had left the captain and the ladies, they also took sep- 
 arate routes ; the latter intending to join the lascars, but 
 what became of them after this separation was un- 
 known. They, indeed, saw the captain's coat on one 
 of the natives, but whether he died or was killed could 
 never be discovered. 
 
 After the enmity of the natives prevented the pro- 
 gress of the waggons, some of the oarty travelled for- 
 ward fifteen days on horseback, in the prosecution of 
 their plan, but the Caffrees still continuing to harass them, 
 they were obliged to return, after an absence of about 
 : three months. 
 
 Captain Muller returned to Swellendam, with the 
 three Englishmen, the seven lascars, and two black wo- 
 men, the boy, Price, and the two guides, De Lasso and 
 Evans. The people of color were detained at Swel- 
 lendam ; but the English were forwarded to the Cape, 
 where, after being * 'examined by the governor, they 
 were permitted to take their passage to Europe in 
 
88 LOSS OF THE 
 
 & Danish ship, the captain of which promised to land 
 them in England ; but, excepting Price, who was set on 
 shore at Wey mouth, they were all carried to Co- 
 penhagen, from whence they at last found their way t6 
 England. 
 
 Such was the termination of the adventures of these 
 unfortunate people ; but the inquiry concerning the fate 
 of the captain and his party was not dropped. Though 
 it is probable that before the first Dutch expedition could 
 have reached them, they had all paid the debt of nature ; 
 rumors had been spread that several of the English 
 were still in captivity among the natives, and these ob- 
 tained such general belief, that M. Valiant, whose phi- 
 lanthropy equalled his genius and resolution, made an- 
 other attempt to discover the reputed captives ; but 
 he could learn nothing decisive as to their situation or 
 ftngl fate. 
 
 The public mind, however, cc ntinued still to be agitat- 
 ed, and the interest which all nations took in the fate of 
 the unhappy persons, particularly the women, some of 
 whom it was reported had been seen, induced a second 
 party of Dutch colonists, with the sanction of govern- 
 ment, to make another effort to explore the country, 
 and to reach the wreck. 
 
 These men, amply provided, set out orf the 24th of 
 August, 1793, from Kaifer Keyl's River, towards Cape 
 Natal, on the coast of which the Grosvenor was suppos- 
 ed to have been wrecked. Of this expedition we have 
 a journal kept by Van Reenen, one of the party, and 
 published by Captain Riou. It would not be generally 
 interesting to the reader to give the meagre details of 
 distance travelled, and elephants killed ; of danger en- 
 countered, and rivers crossed ; we shall, therefore con- 
 fine ourselves to such incidents as appear to deserve no- 
 tice, or are connected with the melancholy subject of 
 our narrative. 
 
 After proceeding an immense way, on the 3d of No- 
 vember they arrived among the Hambonaas, a nation quite 
 different from the Caffrees. They have a yellow com- 
 plexion, and their long course hair is frizzled up in the 
 form of a turban. Some of these people informed our 
 adventurer?, that, subject to them, there was a village of 
 
GR03VENOR INDIAMAN. 89 
 
 foastard Christians, descended from people shipwrecked 
 on the coast, of whom three old women were still alive 
 and married to a Hambonaa chief. This intelligence rous- 
 ed their cariosity and they were fortunate enough to ob- 
 tain an interview with the old women in question, who said 
 they were sisters, but having been shipwrecked when 
 children, they could not say to what nation they origin- 
 ally belonged. The Dutch adventurers offered to take 
 them and their children back on their return, at which 
 they seemed much pleased. It appears probable, that 
 the reports which had been spread, in regard to some 
 European women being among the natives, originated 
 from this circumstance, and as tha existence of any oth- 
 er white people in this quarter was neither known nor 
 suspected, it was naturally concluded that they must 
 have belonged to the Grosvenor. 
 
 The Dutch afterwards fell in* with Trout, whose name 
 has been mentioned in the proceeding narrative. He at 
 first engaged to conduct them to the spot where the 
 Grosvenor was wrecked, and informed them that noth- 
 ing was then to be seen, excepting some cannon, iron, 
 ballast, and lead ; adding, that all the unfortunate crew 
 of that ship had perished, some, by the hands of the 
 natives, and the rest of hunger. 
 
 Trout, who, it is to be feared, was guilty of much du- 
 plicity from the first, pretended that he was a freeman, 
 and had sailed in an English ship from Malacca ; but find- 
 ing himselflikely to be detected, and probably apprehen- 
 sive of being carried back to the Cape, he cautiously 
 avoided the Dutch in the sequel, and left them to find 
 their way to the wreck in the best manner thc*y were 
 able. 
 
 As they were proceeding to the spot, one of the party, 
 named Houltshausen, unfortunately fell into a pit of 
 burnt stakes, by which he was terribly wounded in the 
 palm of one of his hands, which eventually produced a 
 locked jaw, and terminated in his death. These pits are 
 dug by the natives, and being covered over with branches 
 pf trees and grass, serve as snares for the elephants, 
 which frequently fall into them, and are thus taken. 
 
 Several of the party,, however, proceeded on horse- 
 back to the wreck, and found nothing more than what 
 
90 LOSS OF THE 
 
 Trout had described remaining. It was plainty perceived 
 that fires had been made in the vicinity, and on a rising 
 ground, between two woods was a pit, where things had 
 been buried and dug out again. This likewise tallied 
 with the information of Trout, who told them that all the 
 articles collected from the wreck, had been dispersed 
 over the country, and that most of them had been carried 
 to Rio de la Goa, to be sold. That place was represent- 
 ed to be about four days journey from the scene of the 
 catastrophe. 
 
 The natives in the neighborhood expressed great as- 
 tonishment that the Dutch had been at such infinite pains 
 to come in search of the unfortunate crew, and they all 
 promised that in case of any similar disaster, they would 
 protect such people as might be thrown upon the coast, 
 if they could be assured of obtaining beads, copper, and 
 iron, for their trouble, which was liberally promised by 
 the Dutch. 
 
 These intrepid adventurers, who were now 437 leagues 
 distant from the Cape, and 226 beyond any Christian ha- 
 bitation, finding that nothing farther was to be discovered 
 relative to the wreck, or the fate of the persons who had 
 reached the shore, determined to return, particularly as 
 Houltshausen's illness increased. 
 
 On their way back they called at the bastard Christian 
 village, and would have taken under their protection the 
 three old women, who seemed desirous of living among 
 Christians, but they wished first to gather in their crops ; 
 adding, when that business 'was accomplished, their 
 whole race, to the number of four hundred, would be 
 happy to depart from their present settlement. Every 
 indulgence was promised them in case they should be 
 disposed to emigrate to the Cape. On seeing people of 
 the same complexion as themselves they appeared to be 
 exceedingly agitated. 
 
 On their homeward journey the Dutch shot many 
 elephants and sea-cows ; but on the first of December 
 they met with a terrible accident, while employed in 
 catting up the sea-cows killed the preceding day. " As 
 we were thus engaged, (says the journalist,) a large 
 elephant made up to the waggons ; we instantly pursued 
 and attacked him, when, having received several shot, 
 
GR03VENOR 1NDIAMAN. 91 
 
 6y which he twice fell, he crept into a very thick under- 
 wood. Thinking we had killed him, Tjaart Vander 
 Valdt, Lodewyk Prins, and Ignatus Mulder, advanced to 
 the spot, when he rushed out furiously from the thicket, 
 and catching hold of Prins with his trunk, trod him to 
 death, driving one of his tusks through the body, and 
 throwing it up into the air to the height of thirty feet. 
 
 " The others perceiving that there was no possibility 
 ^f escaping on horseback, dismounted, and crept into 
 ffo thicket to hide themselves. The elephant seeing 
 nothing in view but one of the horses, followed him for 
 some time, and then turning about came back to the 
 spot where the dead man was left. At this instant our 
 whole party renewed the attack, and after he had re- 
 ceived several more wounds, again escaped into the 
 thickest part of the wood. 
 
 " We now supposed ourselves safe, but w r hile we were 
 digging a grave for our unfortunate companion, the 
 elephant rushed out again, and drove us all from the 
 place. Tjaart Vander Valdt got another shot at him ; 
 a joint attack being commenced, he began to stagger, 
 and falling, the Hottentots despatched him as he lay on 
 the ground." 
 
 The rest of their journey afforded little worth notice. 
 In January, 1791, they reached their respective homes, 
 after surmounting incredible difficulties, in an expedition 
 to which they were prompted solely by a principle of 
 humanity, and the desire of relieving, if any remained 
 alive, such of our countryrpen as might be among the 
 natives. No intelligence of this kind could, however, 
 after the most diligent inquiries, be obtained. They 
 were, indeed, informed that the ship's cook had been 
 alive about two years before the period of their journey, 
 but that he then caught the small pox and died. 
 
 We cannot conclude this mournful narrative better 
 than with the sensible reflections of Captain Riou. 
 
 " Had the party, (says he) that set out in search of 
 these shipwrecked people, in 1783, prosecuted their 
 journey with the same degree of zeal and resolution that 
 Van Reenen's party manifested, it is possible they might 
 have discovered and relieved some who have since pey- 
 ished. Yet, as they could not have arrived at the place 
 
92 LOSS OF THE 
 
 of the wreck in less than six months after the disaster 
 happened, there is no great probability for supposing, 
 that after such a length of time had elapsed, any great 
 number of the unfortunate sufferers could be remaining 
 alive. 
 
 ^ But what we have most to regret is, that, perhaps, 
 the faliure of the endeavors of the unfortunate crew to 
 save their lives, was owing to their own misconduct. It 
 is too often the case, that disorder and confusion are the 
 consequences of extreme distress, and that despair seiz- 
 ing on the unprincipled mind, hurries it on to a subver- 
 sion of all good order and discipline : so that at the mo- 
 ment when the joint efforts of the whole are most ne- 
 cessary for the general good, each desponding thoughtless 
 member acts from the impulse of the moment, in what- 
 ever manner his tumultuous feelings may direct ; and 
 from an erroneous idea of self-interest, or, wonderful as 
 it may appear, from a desire of gratifying a rebellious 
 and turbulent spirit, at a time when it can be done with 
 impunity, is always ready to overturn every plan that 
 may be proposed by his superiors, and the considerate 
 few that happen to be of the party. 
 
 " Such must have been, and such we are indeed told 
 was the situation of the crew of the Grosvenor subse- 
 quent to their shipwreck. 
 
 " Though it may be said to be very easy to see er- 
 rors when their consequences are apparent, it will not 
 surely be too much to assert, that when this ship's crew 
 was once safely on shore, with the advantage of such 
 articles as they could procure from the wreck, their situa- 
 tion, however deplorable, could not be considered as 
 hopeless. For had a chosen body of ten or twenty men 
 marched a few days to the northward, they must have 
 fallen in with Rio de la Goa, where it seldom happens 
 that there is not a French or Portuguese slave ship. But 
 allowing Captain Coxson was much out of his reckoning, 
 and that he supposed himself much nearer to the Cape 
 than l\e really was, they might then have existed on the 
 sea coast, in that climate, sheltered by huts, till ready to 
 set out, and by preserving order and discipline, and con- 
 tacting themselves properly in regard to the natives, 
 
GROSVENOK IXDIAMAN. ' 
 
 3 
 
 they might gradually have proceeded in safely to tl_ 
 territories of the Dutch. 
 
 " Had the crew continued under the orders of their 
 officers, either of those objects might have been accom- 
 plished, by men whose minds were not wholly resigned to 
 despair ; or they might have subsisted on what provision 
 they could pick up from the wreck, together with what 
 they could purchase from the natives, till a boat could 
 have been constructed and sent to solicit assistance from 
 the Cape. 
 
 " These reflections have been extended by considering 
 the circumstances in which the shipwrecked people were 
 placed ; from all which it may fairly be concluded, that 
 the greater part might have effected a return to their na- 
 tive land, had they been guided by any idea of the ad- 
 vantages of discipline. and subordination. 
 
 " It is to be hoped, then, that the fatal consequences 
 attending disorderly conduct on these calamitous occa- 
 sions, will impress on the minds of seamen this incon- 
 trovertible truth, that their only hope of safety must de- 
 pend upon obedience." 
 
9 C 
 of 
 
 SHIPWRECK F tffttf 
 
 .% 
 
 ENGLISH EAST-INDIAMAN, THE FATTYSALEM 
 
 On tfie Coast of Coronianctel, August 28^, 1761. 
 
 T, 
 
 . HE following narrative of the loss of the Pat- 
 fysalam is given in a letter from M. de Kearney, a cap- 
 tain in Lally's regiment, who was taken prisoner by the 
 English, to the Count D'Estaing, Lieutenant-General, 
 commanding the French troops in the East-Indies, during 
 the war of 1756. 
 
 Some time after your departure from India, (says M. 
 de Kerney,) I was taken prisoner by the English, at the 
 battle of Vandevachy, a small Fort between Madras and 
 Pondicherry. My conquerors treated me with the 
 greatest generosity, and even did all in their power to 
 save my effects. But I lost every thing I had taken with 
 me for the campaign ; the seapoys plundered me without 
 inercy. You are acquainted with that undisciplined mi- 
 litia: they do not comprehend that it is possible to treat 
 as friends ; that is, to spare as much as possible those 
 who have been, and may again be their enemies. 
 
 I slept one night in the English camp, and Colonel 
 Calliot paiu me the greatest attention. The next day I 
 obtained permission to go on my parole to Pondicherry, 
 where I remained several months, and made every 
 possible exertion to procure my exchange. When the 
 place was invested by the English, I was summoned, 
 together with the other prisoners of war, to repair to 
 Madras, I accordingly went to that place, where I 
 found almost two thirds of the officers of* the king's 
 army, taken on different occasions. I was, therefore, at 
 Madras when the English, having made themselves mas- 
 ters of Pondicherry, resolved to send all the French 
 
OP THE FATTTSALA31. S3 
 
 officers to England. I was, in consequence, directed to 
 hold myself in readiness for embarking ; Lord Pigott, the 
 Gov. of Madras, kindly permitted me to choose the way 
 by which I wished to be conveyed to England. 1 chose 
 that of Bengal, on account of the good accommoda- 
 tions which Lord Pigott had provided me on board 
 the Hawk, and I shall never forget the favors and 
 civilities he conferred upon me. By this arrangement 
 I hoped to alleviate the hardships and fatigues of my 
 passage to Europe. The apprehensions arising 
 from the prospect of such a long voyage, with up- 
 wards of fifty prisoners of war, of all descriptions, 
 confined within a narrow compass, and suffering 'ma- 
 ny inconveniencies ; but, above all, the necessity to 
 which, as I was informed, we should be reduced, of liv- 
 ing seven or eight months on salt provisions, though 
 the company had given orders to the contrary, induced 
 me to take this step, as the safest under such circum- 
 stances. It was however, the cause of all my subse- 
 quent misfortunes. 
 
 The Hawk, in which I was to be conveyed to Europe 
 proceeded without me from Madras to Bengal, because 
 I had not yet settled all my affairs. I was, therefore 
 ordered to prepare to join her by the first opportunity 
 that should offer, and which could not be far distant in 
 a season when vessels were sailing every week for 
 the gulf. 
 
 The first ship that happened to depart was the Fat- 
 tysalain, which had been buill at Bombay ami had nev- 
 er been employed but in the India seas. She was in- 
 tended to carry great part of the stores taken by the 
 English, and near 500 troops, which had been thought 
 fit to send to Bengal, because after the reduction of Pon- 
 dicherry, they were not wanted on that coast. 
 
 In this unfortunate vessel I embarked on the 2Gfh of 
 August, 1761, and the same day set sail. On the 28tli 
 between ten and eleven in the morning the captain of 
 the ship, in Confidence, told Major Gordon, the princi- 
 pal officer of the troops, that there were seven feet water 
 in the hold, that notwithstanding the exertions of the 
 men, the water cotinued to gain upon them, and that 
 the ship could not live above two hours longer, 
 
S I>03S OF THE FATTYSALAM. 
 
 When the people had been nearly two hours employ- 
 ed lightening the vessel, by throwing every thing over- 
 board, I kept a watchful eye upon the captain. I saw 
 him speaking to the Major, with an air of consterna- 
 tion, denoting the greatest misjbrtune. I advanced tow- 
 ards them and asked in a whisper, in English, what was 
 the matter. Major Gordon with a tremulous voice re- 
 peated what he had just heard of the captain. Struck 
 with the dreadful intelligence, but not deprived of the 
 power of acting, I instantly formed my resolution. Cut- 
 ting short all useless words, I only asked the captain if 
 we might not save ourselves by taking possession of the 
 boat which was laden with pigs, and in tow astern of the 
 vessel. He replied with the most dejected and discour- 
 aging look, that this expedient would only cause us to 
 survive a few hours, those we should leave on board ; 
 and he did not think this measure practicable among so 
 many soldiers and sailors. This answer convinced me 
 that the pusillanimous captain had no resource. I told 
 him we would undertake the execution of the design, 
 and that, for his part, he had only to observe two points, 
 not to mention it to others, and to follow when he should 
 see us in the fatal boat. He immediately left us. The 
 major and I being left together, concerted our escape 
 from the vessel, which we executed in less than 
 two minutes. He decended from the deck by a 
 private ladder, into the great cabin, to inform the 
 officers of his regiment, who might chance to be 
 there, of our design, for the moments were too precious 
 to go ejswhere to seek them. For my part, I called 
 r.iy servant, a trusty fellow, on whom I could depend. 
 He had been a -soldier in my company, and had likewise 
 been taken prisoner ; but I had obtained his liberty of 
 Lord Pigoit. I told him in few words our intention. 
 I immediately shut the door, that the people might 
 not see us from the forecastle. As the ship, though ve- 
 ry large, had no gallery, I directed my servant to go out 
 at one of the windows of the cabin, and by means of a 
 rope he let himself down into the boat. I had previ- 
 ously furnished him with my sword and a hatchet, order- 
 ing him to despatch without mercy all that attempted 
 get into the boat, excepting they came from the si 
 
 B 
 
LOSS OP TUB FATTYSALAM. 97 
 
 I was stationed to conduct our decent. Every 
 thing was executed in the best manner ; this intelligent 
 servant kept the boat for us till all those whom it was 
 intended to receive, had descended, and our little em- 
 barkation was effected with such success and expedition 
 that he was not under the necessity of making use of 
 his weapons. As soon as the captain, who through his 
 irresolution had nearly lost the boat, had entered with 
 the restj the first thing we did was to cut the rope by 
 which she was fastened to the vessel, and to push off, 
 so that in a short time we had got a considerable 
 
 ! distance. 
 
 We were now in an open boat, abandoned to the im- 
 
 ; pulse of the wind and waves, to the number of twenty-five 
 persons, among whom were two young ladies, the wives 
 of English officers, in Coote's regiment, all badly ac- 
 commodated, ill-clothed, and mixed higgledy piggledy 
 with the hogs. Our first purpose was to make room, 
 for which purpose we began to throw the pigs overboard ; 
 
 i but a lucky reflection of one of the company, caused 
 us to keep seven, in order, that at all events, we might 
 
 r not be reduced to the horrible necessity of devouring 
 each other, which must have been the case without this 
 
 I wretched resource. Having thus cleared the boat a little, 
 
 . we were obliged to attend to another point equally press- 
 ing. Each of us took off his coat or waist-coat, to 
 make a sail to our bark, and even the ladies were each 
 obliged to give one of the petticoats they had on, which 
 were only of muslin. All these things being joined and 
 tied together, with our handkerchiefs torn into slips, 
 formed a kind of sail, equally weak and awkward. 
 
 While we were thus employed, the unfortunate crew 
 kept making signals that every thing was repaired, with 
 a view to induce us to return. This artifice was employ- 
 ed by our wretched companions, in the hope of saving 
 themselves in our boat. If we had been so weak as to 
 lisieu to our captain, who fell into such an evident snare, 
 we should have gone back, and all have perished togeth- 
 er. We, however, took care not to go near them, and 
 it was fortunate for us that we did ; for a few minutes 
 afterwards tire ship presented the most distressing spec- 
 
SB &QSS OP THE FATTYSALAM:, 
 
 tacle. She was no longer under government ; some*, 
 times she drifted away, and at others she turned round 
 like a whirlwind. Soon afterwards one-of the masts 
 went by the board ; another followed, and the third went 
 Jftext. The ship was now a cheer-hulk, still floating at 
 the will of the waves ; but which appeared to be kept 
 afloat only by the incessant exertions of the poor wretch- 
 es, whose piercing cries filled us with horror. A fog 
 eame on ; we could no Jonger distinguish the vessel, and 
 .^he must in a short time have gone to the bottom. 
 
 It is always by comparison, that we are fortunate or 
 miserable. What great reason had we to thank Heaven 
 lor having preserved us from the fate to which between 
 rive and six hundred persons left on board were doom- 
 ed ? But what was the price of our escape ? For 
 what miseries reserved ? And, how melancholy oiir 
 situation ! 
 
 In the open sea, in a crazy boat 5 which a single wave 
 would have sent to the bottom, in the hand of Provi- 
 dence, without compass, or any other rigging than our 
 little sail, which required all our attention. 
 
 We had not a drop of water, nor provisions of any 
 kind. Constantly wet with the waves which entered 
 our boat, and continually -employed in bailing the water, 
 with which we were incessantly inundated ; and, not- 
 withstanding this fatiguing labor, were shivering with 
 cold, because we had very few clothes to cover our- 
 selves, and those few were thoroughly soaked. In this 
 rotate we floated at the mercy of the waves seven days 
 and seven nights. 
 
 Our only nourishment was a spoonful and. a half of 
 pig's blood, distributed to each every twenty-four hours ; 
 tor in order to allow two spoonfuls, it was necessary to 
 mix with it a little salt water ; and never was any thing 
 jnore exactly measured than this scanty pittajice. Ma- 
 ny of us, whose appetites and stomachs were equally 
 good, eat the flesh of the pigs quite raw, and we killed 
 one each day, so that on the seventh we had nothing 
 left. My principal regale was the liver, or coagu- 
 lated blood, which I only sucked, and then spit it 
 out. My servant, pur butcher, air, ays reserved fba* 
 for mr, 
 
LOSS >F THE FATTYSALAM, 99 
 
 Soon after twelve o'clock of the seventh night, we 
 thought we heard a noise, that at first appeared very 
 strange, but which we afterwards judged to proceed from 
 the dashing of breakers against the rocks, or against 
 some shore. We floated between fear and joy, and im- 
 patiently waited for day-light. That light, so slow in its 
 approach, at length arrived, and every thing disappeared 
 Judge of the revolution produced in our minds and bo- 
 dies by this vain hope destroyed, as soon as conceived. 
 It plunged us into such profound consternation, that we 
 houk) not have been able to bear up against it, had 
 not the hand of the Almighty speedily afforded relief. 
 
 About seven the same morning, one of the company 
 cried out, " Land, or something like it." We now dis- 
 tinguished in the horizon a speck which our ardent desire 
 to meet with land, actually caused us to take for such. 
 Nature was once more animated by a ray of hope. We 
 directed our course towards the point which appeared 
 in the horizon, and at nine began to distinguish hills, but 
 saw no land till we were en the beach, because the 
 shore is so extremely low. It is impossible to describe 
 <he effect this cheering sight produced upon us. I will, 
 however, endeavor to give you some idea of it. We 
 all immediately experienced a certain impression of joy, 
 vigor of life, with which our souls were penetrated, as a 
 person is penetrated by the heat, when after enduring 
 excessive cold, he comes to a good fire, whose genial 
 influence re-animates his benumbed powers. We felt a 
 delicious sensation of our feeble existence, and this sen- 
 sation diffused through all our faculties, seemed to re- 
 store us to new life. It is only those who have been in 
 the same situation that can know the inexpressible en- 
 joyment of a moment of which assuredly no other situa- 
 tion in life can afford an idea. 
 
 The question now. was how to disembark. Here we 
 were under some embarrassment ; for the surf was very 
 strong, and the desert appearance of the coast, on which 
 we discovered neither house, nor inhabitants, nor 
 chelinguis, (small boats, which ate used in the East-In- 
 dies for embarking and going on shore), were a more 
 convincing proof than the assertion of the pusillanimous 
 captain, that no European boat had ever landed there. 
 
200 LOSS OF THE FATTYSALAM. 
 
 A consultation was held, in which it was resolved to 
 make the attempt, to let those save themselves who could. 
 This opinion supported by those who could swim, and 
 particularly by the captain, who even declared that he 
 was sure of getting on shore safe, was too contrary to 
 humanity. to be adopted by good sense. It was the same 
 as condemning those who unfortunately were not famil- 
 iar with the water, and in particular the two females, 
 and myself, Who knew no more how to swim than they, 
 to almost inevitable death, at least, excepting the Al- 
 mighty should work a new miracle in our behalf. I 
 reprobated the measure, and told the captain in a firm 
 lone, that it should not be executed as long as I had 
 breath ; that since part of the company were in the same 
 predicament with myself, and my servant, whose life 
 was as dear to me as my own, it was their duty to steer 
 the boat in such a manner, that we might all get to land 
 in safety. I added, holding my sword drawn before 
 him, that he should answer with his life, for that of eve- 
 ry individual. 
 
 At these words an English officer, of the name of 
 Scott, a hot-headed man, and almost inclined to the 
 most violent measures, exclaimed, "What! does a* 
 single Frenchman, and prisoner of war, here pretend to 
 give law to us, and dare to call us barbarians ?" " Sir," 
 said I, calrnly, " our common misfortune renders us all 
 equal ; I am free here as well as you, and repeat it at 
 ilie risk of all the satisfaction that may be demanded of 
 me when on shore, the captain shall answer with his life, 
 fbr the lives of all our companions." 
 
 The captain being intimidated, ordered two Lascars, 
 good swimmers, that had escaped with us, to plac'e 
 themselves beside me, and not to quit me till I was on 
 shore. He then went to the helm, and managed so skil- 
 fully, or rather with such good fortune, that we ran 
 aground without any accident. In consequence, howev- 
 er, of a very natural impatience, twelve of our compan- 
 ions, the moment the boat struck, leaped into the water, 
 and even some of those who could swim nearly perished. 
 They were besides separated from us, the boat being 
 thrown by two waves into a river, which we did not per- 
 ceive till we had entered it. This river was so rapid that 
 
LOSS OF THE F/T'YY^ALA^. 10 1 
 
 e\ir boat was soon driven ' : ai'ouhd, aba vve tltfi? kail an 
 opportunity of getting OH shone. 1 
 
 I wish I could describe this moment : but how shall 
 I trace it with all its circumstances, with the simplicity, 
 the energy, the truth of nature. We scarcely felt the 
 ground, when each occupied only with himself and the 
 single sentiment of his own preservation, no longer 
 thought of his companions. Our eyes sought only fresh 
 water, ami something to prolong our existence. We 
 perceived a small lake, and we instantly ran to its banks, 
 plunging overhead ,in the water like ducks, to alky a 
 dreadful thirst, a thirst of seven whole days, to * hich the 
 heat of a burning fever bears no comparison. It would 
 be necessary to have endured, for the same length of 
 time, the devouring fire of thirst, of all human wants the 
 most insupportable, and the most pressing, to form any 
 conception of ours, and our eagerness to appease it. In 
 such a situation, the sufferer would give for a glass of 
 water, all the gold and all the diamonds of India ; lie 
 would give the world. From this you may jud<re of our 
 protracted sufferings, our transports on the banks of the 
 lake, and the delight we experienced. Having drank 
 our fill, we began some to eat the grass, and others the 
 shell-fish, which fortunately happened to be on the 
 where we landed, and during forty-eight hours >ve had 
 no other nourishment. 
 
 We now began to be distressed at our separation info 
 two parties. We endeavored to join each other r 
 but being prevented by the depth of the torrent that 
 separated us, each company began to inarch 'towards 
 the interior of the country, in -quest of some habitation. 
 The country belonged to the dominions of the Rajah of 
 Arsapour, situated near the mouth of the Ganges. We 
 had- not advanced far, when a sna-re was laid for us by 
 the natives, that they might the more easily get us into 
 their power. Two fishermen by whom we had been 
 discovered, were directed to tell us to remain where we 
 were. They assured us that the sovereign of the place 
 was informed 1 of our arrival in his dominions, t?:at he 
 was acquainted with our disaster, and our unfortunate 
 tion, and that being a priiiee of a benevolent dispo 
 1 very soon send us relief of every kind. 
 12 
 
102 LUS ' o.* 1 ; -.HIS; PATTYSALAM. 
 
 A,fewJioufsiiftGrvV'rds a quantity of rice and hog's lard 
 was a<^al]7;l^oii^t4t|,,^mth the Rajah's compliments, 
 
 and a promise that the following day we should be shel- 
 tered from the inclemency of :the air, and particularly 
 the night dews, which was very dangerous in that cli- 
 mate. This promise they punctually performed, for the 
 next day people came to fetch us, but it was for the pur- 
 pose of conducting us to a small island, to be kept as 
 prisoners. Each of the two divisions was conducted by 
 a different route, and we knew riot what had become of 
 the other. There we remained seven weeks, having no 
 other norrishment than black rice, on paying for it, and 
 twice a week detestible salt fish ; and to procure even 
 this we were obliged to sell every thing we had about us. 
 We, however, found means to tame two blacks, to 
 whose care we were consigned, and to procure of them 
 some indulgencies. One of our ladies, Mrs. Tait, a na- 
 tive of Irelan:!, who had a good voice, sung them some 
 English songs, to which they listened with great pleasure, 
 ihough they understood not a word of them. This com- 
 plaisance obtained us from time to time some fruits and 
 other refreshments. The water we had to drink was so 
 unwholesome, that out of the two companies thirteen 
 died, and the twelve survivors were all attacked with 
 levers or dropsies, and were either livid or yellow, 
 and so disfigured, that no one would have taken us for 
 Europeans, 
 
 But as no distress is so great as to deprive men of all 
 hope or the power of relieving themselves from it, so 
 >ur attention was incessantly directed towards the means 
 of escaping from our island. The twolascars who were 
 in our company, appeared likely to aid us in the design. 
 'With a pencil, which one of the ladies chanced to have 
 preserved, we wrote a note to Barasole, where the Eng- 
 i-sh have a small factory. This we prevailed upon the 
 lascars to take, promising them a considerable sum of 
 money, if we should be released from captivity, and on. 
 our arrival at the first European settlement. The lascars 
 complied with our desire, and notwithstanding the diffi- 
 culties of the journey, they set off. They were obliged 
 io swim across three or four very large rivers, and al- 
 ways io travel in the night, to prevent being discovered 
 
LO$S OF THE FATTYSALAM. I0i 
 
 by the natives. Having escaped many dangers by their 
 dexterity, or surmounted them by their boldness and 
 perseverance, they at length arrived at Cattack the resi- 
 dence of a Rajah, or chief of the Mahrattas. On their 
 arrival at that place they were carried before the Rajah, 
 and being interrogated respecting their business there, 
 they gave an account of our shipwreck, the manner in 
 which we had escaped, the distresses we had since expe- 
 rienced, and our confinement by the Rajah of Arsapour. 
 They did not forget to add that we had with us two young 
 white women, and that the men were people of conse- 
 quence. The Mahratta chief then inquired if the men 
 were proper for soldies ; likewise asked whether the wo-* 
 men were very fair, and handsome enough for his se- 
 raglio. The lascars having satisfied him relative to these 
 particulars, the Rajah immediately sent for the son of 
 the Rajah of Arsapour, who was then his hostage, and 
 ordered him to write to his father, to send off to Cat- 
 tack immediately on receipt of his letter, the Europeans, 
 both men and women, whom he had, for two months, 
 kept prisoners in an island. Conformably to the policy 
 of all the petty sovereigns of India, he likew r ;^ took 
 care to order that we might be sent by the worst and least 
 frequented roads, to conceal us as much as possible from 
 the sight of the natives. The order for our departure 
 having been separately to the two parties, we set off with 
 our guides, and had proceeded some hours, when we 
 met. We had been parted two months, and during this 
 interval had received no tidings of each other ; you may 
 therefore conceive how great our joy on seeing one an- 
 other again. We mutually learned the death of those of 
 our companions, which each party had lost; and skele- 
 tons, walking spectres, that could scarcely walk, con- 
 gratulated ctich other on being still alive. 
 
 The distance to Cattack was fourteen days' journey ; 
 this we travelled on foot, and almost without shoes. 
 Our journeys were very short, because we were all ill, 
 and exhausted witli fatigue ; besides, our way led almost 
 continually through marshes, up to our waists in mud. 
 We had several large rivers to cross, in the passage of 
 which those whv> could swim assisted the others. Tbe 
 two young English women* who certainly were not f. 
 
104 LOSS OF THE FATTYSALAM. 
 
 ed for such hardships, were in a most deplorable con- 
 dition, and the sufferings of these poor creatures seemed 
 to aggravate our own distresses. One of them, Mrs. 
 Nelson, died four days before we reached Cattack but the 
 other, though three months advanced in her pregnancy, 
 was so fortunate as to arrive at that place in safety. 
 
 Although exhausted with fatigue at the end of each 
 day's journey, we were obliged to pass the night under 
 trees, because the people of the country would not per- 
 mit us to set foot in their houses, the exercise of hospi- 
 tality towards Europeans being prohibited by their reli- 
 gion. We, at length, arrived at Cattack, but some sev- 
 eral days before the others. There we learned that the 
 English had a factory in the place and repaired thither 
 immediately ; but we found only some seapoys in the 
 Company's pay, and not a single European. The sea- 
 poys received us with great kindness, and moved by our 
 situation, they first went to the bazar, or market, to pro- 
 cure us some bread. This we greedily devoured, drink- 
 ing water, which they gave us, and thus made a delicious 
 repast. We congratulated one another on finding our- 
 selves "^der a roof, and sheltered from the inclemency 
 of the air ; we then lay down and slept. We expected 
 the next day that the Mahratta chief would send some 
 orders relative to us, but he was then on a tour in the 
 country. His minister took no notice of us, and allowed 
 us nothing to subsist upon. The seapoys, therefore, con- 
 tinued to maintain us in the best manner they were able. 
 During our journey from the island in which we had 
 been.onfined to Cattack, the two lascars who had effect- 
 ed our release, and had concealed from the Mahratta 
 chief the commission with which they were intrusted by 
 us, proceeded on their route, arid arrived at Barrasole, 
 where they acquainted the English with our situation. 
 They then went to Calcutta, and called upon Mr. Van 
 Sittart, the English Governor of Bengal. The Governor 
 lost'iio time in sending us relief; but, on account of the 
 distance, we did not receive it till twenty or twenty-five 
 days after our arrival at Cattack. He used all his influ- 
 ence with the Main-alias to obtain our liberty, but as 
 they were not, at that time, on very good terms with the 
 Company, they re this favor to lEcrchants. 
 
LOSS OF THE FATTYSALAM. 106 
 
 It was, therefore, necessary that Colonel Coote, the 
 conqueror of India, should demand our release, which 
 he obtained without difficulty. 
 
 Our Company was soon anxious to repair to Barrasole, 
 at the distance of six days journey. As for me and my 
 faithful servant we did not wait for the general order to 
 depart, but set off before the rest. 1 had found at Cat- 
 tack an European, a native of Russia, who had been a 
 gunner in M, de Bussy's army, and was now an artillery 
 officer in the service of the Mahrattas. As he under- 
 stood and could speak the French language, I endeavor- 
 ed, without informing him who I was, to learn his senti- 
 ments relative to M. de Bussy. He assured me that it 
 was he who had given the Asiatics the highest idea of the 
 Europeans, that he should regret him all his life, and 
 should never cease to adore him ; these were his ex- 
 pressions. On this I told him I was a Frenchman, and 
 prisoner of war to the English ; that I had with me a 
 servaL*. to whom I was strongly attached, and that I 
 was desirous of leaving Cattack as speedily as possible. 
 He replied that he would procure me permission to leave 
 the place, provided the others should know nothing of 
 the matter till the moment of our departure. I kept the 
 secret, and he actually obtained a Kind of permission 
 for me and i nt. I immediately hired two 
 
 dooleys, a kind of hand-barrow carried by men. To 
 pay for these and to support us on our journey, I sold my 
 stock buckle and sleeve-buttons, the only things I had 
 left. I then took leave of my companions, frankly in- 
 IbrmiHg tin-in how and by what means I had obtained 
 permission to depart, that they might employ the same 
 method. 
 
 Our journey to Barrasole had nearly proved fatal to us ; 
 being twice attacked by tigers, and had the pain to see a 
 Moor that had been very serviceable to us several times, 
 in our distress, carried off at the distance of a few paces 
 from us, by one of these cruel animals. , The same 
 tiger, after dispatching the unfortunate man, came again 
 out of the wood, and gazed on us with a most terrible 
 took, but keeping close together, our firmness, and the 
 noise we made, obliged him to retire. 
 
J06 1X)SS" OF THE FATTY3ALAM. 
 
 On my arrival at Barrasole, I met with some -English- 
 men going to embark for Bengal. They proposed to 
 to me to accompany them. I had scarcely time to drink 
 It glass, and went on board. 
 
 We were six or seven days in reaching Calcutta, it 
 being so rery difficult to ascend the Ganges, and were 
 again near perishing in this short passage, where you 
 jmeet with rocks upon rocks, and dangers upon dangers. 
 When we had arrived at Cfoupil, I saw several of the 
 East-India Company's ships, and begged the English to 
 Jet me go on board one of them. They perceived that 
 both myself and my servant were sick, exhausted, and 
 in want of every thing ; therefore, at the expense of two 
 rupees, all the money I had left, I procured a bcfot to 
 carry me on board the Plassy, commanded by Captain 
 Ward. When I had got on board this ship, I imagined 
 my hardships at an end, and every thing was almost 
 forgotten. The first person I spoke to was Mr. White, 
 a captain of the Company's troops. He took my ser- 
 vant and me for two soldiers who had been robbed ; our 
 figure and dress, equally worthy of pity, announced the 
 most miserable condition. This generous Englishman, 
 addressing himself to me, said, in his own language : 
 " Poor soldier ! you are batHy equipped. Who are you, 
 and whence do you come ?" I replied in English, " you 
 are right, I am a soldier, and my servant there is one 
 likewise ; we think ourselves very fortunate in being still 
 in existence." I added, that I was one out of twelve 
 who had escaped from the ship Fatty salam, which had 
 been lost, together with the crew, on the coast of Coro- 
 mandel ; that I was indebted for my life, in the first 
 place, to my soldiers' courage, and in the next, to the 
 exertions of my servant, whom he saw overwhelmed 
 with disease, and unable to stand ; and concluded with 
 telling him my name and rank. Mr. White immediately 
 went to his cabin, and brought me a change of clothes 
 from head to foot, of which I certainly stood in great 
 need, for I had for ten weeks worn the same shirt, all in 
 tatters ; my servant only dipped it from time to time in 
 water, to ease me a little. The poor fellow, who was 
 quite naked, was likewise supplied with clothes. 
 
 tit 
 
LOSS OF THE FATTY3ALAM. 107 
 
 White then presented me with some chocolate and some- 
 thing to eat ; but I was so weak that the smell only of 
 the chocolate had nearly made me faint, and I could 
 not eat any thing. I drank some tea, and that was all I 
 could get down. I received a thousand other civilities 
 from this worthy man, and the captain shewed me eaual 
 kindness. When I had changed my things and taken 
 my tea, those gentlemen proposed to me to go up the 
 Ganges to Calcutta with them, in a vessel that was just 
 going to set off. I consented, but not without great re- 
 gret, at being obliged to leave behind me in the vessel 
 my faithful companion, who was attacked with a violent 
 fever. However, as there was no other alternative, and 
 as the kindness of those gentlemen, both to him and to 
 me, rendered me easy with regard to his fate, I left him, 
 but not without great reluctance. He died soon after- 
 wards in the English hospital at Calcutta. 
 
 We arrived at that place the next day. I went to the 
 governor, Mr. Van Sittart, who received me with great 
 humanity, and assigned me, as a prisoner of war, 120 
 rupees per month for my subsistence. I was in great 
 want, and he did not make me any advance. I had re- 
 course to my benefactor, Mr. White, who lent me 300 
 rupees, which J expended in the purchase of linen and 
 clothes. I was two months without drawing the allow- 
 ance assigned me by the governor. I was about to 
 receive it, when I suddenly received an order to 
 embark in the Hawk, which was still on the coast. 
 I was sick, and had no linen made up, nor any thing 
 necessary to set out on so long a voyage. I was, how- 
 ever, pressed to set off. Colonel Coote had the kind- 
 ness to defer my departure, and the Hawk sailed without 
 me. I therefore had time to equip myself. I flattered 
 myself that Mr. Van Sittart, to whom, in the quality of 
 an officer of the king's etat-major and captain of his 
 forces, I offered the necessary securities, or bills of ex- 
 change on the French East-India Company, would ad- ' 
 vance me a sum to pay the debts which my situation 
 had obligee! me to contract : but in this hope I found 
 myself mistaken. I mentioned this subject shortly 
 before my departure to Colonel Cootc, who sent mo 
 
103 LOSS P THE FATTYSALAM. 
 
 300 rupees. The governor hearing of it, likewise trans- 
 mitted me 400. This was all I received from him, and 
 I could not help receiving this scanty relief, that I might 
 leave no debts behind me. 
 
 On the 2d of February, I left Calcutta and returned to 
 Goupil, on the Ganges, where I embarked in the Hol- 
 dernesse, commanded by Captain Brooke. I was receiv- 
 ed with great kindness by the captain, who had on board 
 thirteen or fourteen other French officers, prisoners like 
 myself. The ship arrived without accident, and afte* 
 a month's residence at London, I was permitted to r6' 
 tarn to France. 
 
109 
 
 THE LOSS OF 
 
 HIS MAJESTY'S SHIP LITCHFIELD, 
 
 Sf Fifty Guns, on the Coast ofBarbary, Nov. SO, 1758, 
 (By Lieutenant Soutfierland.J 
 
 HE Litchfield, Captain Barton, left Ireland on 
 the llth of November, 1758, in company with several 
 other men of war and transports, under the command of 
 Commodore Keppel, intended for the reduction of 
 Goree. The voyage was prosperous till the 29th, when 
 at eight in the evening I took charge of the watch, and 
 the weather turned out very squally, with rain. At nine 
 it was extremely dark, with much lightning, the wind 
 varying from S.-W. to W. N. W. At half past nine, had 
 a very hard squall. Captain Barton came upon deck 
 and staid till ten ; and then left orders to keep sight of 
 the Commodore, and make what sail the weather would 
 permit. At eleven saw the Commodore bearing south, 
 but the squalls coining on so heavy, we were obliged to 
 hand the main top-sail, and at twelve o'clock, were under 
 our courses. 
 
 November 30th, at one in the morning, I left the deck 
 in charge of the first lieutenant ; the light, which we took 
 to be the Commodore's, right ahead, bearing S. wind 
 W. S. W. blowing very hard. At six in the morning I 
 was awaked by a great shock, and a confused noise of 
 the men on deck. I ran up, thinking some ship had 
 run foul of us, for by my own reckoning, and that of 
 every other person in the ship, we were at least 36 leagues 
 distant from land ; but, before I could reach the quarter- 
 deck, the ship gave a great stroke upon the ground, and 
 the sea broke over her. Just after this I could perceive 
 K 
 
HO LOSS OF THE LITCHFIELD. 
 
 the land rocky, rugged, and uneven, about two cable's 
 length from us. The ship lying with her broadside to 
 windward, the masts soon went overboard, carrying 
 some men with them. It is impossible for any but a 
 sufferer to feel our distress at this time ; the masts, 
 yards, and sails hanging along side in a confused heap ; 
 the ship beating violently upon the rocks ; the waves 
 curling up to an incredible height, then dashing down 
 with such force as if they would immediately have split 
 he ship to pieces, which we, indeed, every .moment 
 expected. Having a little recovered from our confusion, 
 we saw it necessary to get every thing we could over to 
 the larboard side, to prevent the ship from heeling off, 
 and exposing the deck to the sea. Some of the people 
 were very earnest to get the boats out contrary to ad- 
 vice ; and, after much intreaty, notwithstanding a most 
 terrible sea, one of the boats was launched, and eight of 
 ihe best men jumped into ber, but she had scarcely got 
 to the ship's stern when she was whirled to the bottom, 
 and every soul in her perished. The rest of the boats 
 were soon washed to pieces on the deck. We then 
 made a raft with the davit, capstan-bars, and some 
 boards, and waited with resignation for providence to 
 assist us. The ship soon filled with water, so that we 
 had no time to get any provision up ; the quarter-deck 
 and poop were now the only places we could stand upon 
 with security, the waves being mostly spent by the time 
 they reached us, owing to their breaking over the fore 
 part of the ship. 
 
 At four in the afternoon, perceiving the sea to be much 
 abated, one of our people attempted to swim, and got 
 safe on shore. There were numbers of Moors upon the 
 rocks ready to take hold o! any one, and beckoned 
 much for us to come ashore, which, at first, we took 
 for kindness, but they soon undeceived us, for they had 
 not the humanity to assist any that was entirely naked, 
 but would fly to those who had any thing about them, 
 and strip them before they were quite out of the water, 
 wrangling among themselves about the plunder ; in the 
 mean time the poor wretches were left to crawl up the 
 rocks if they were able, if not, they perished unregard- 
 ed. The second lieutenant and myself, with about j 
 
LOSS OF THE LITCHFIELD. Ill 
 
 sixty-five others, got ashore before dark, but were left 
 exposed to the weather on the cold sand. To preserve 
 ourselves from perishing of cold, we were obliged to go 
 down to the shore, and to bring up pieces of the wreck 
 to make a fire. While thus employed, if we happened 
 to pick up a shirt or handkerchief, and did not give it to 
 the Moors at the first demand, the next thing was a dag- 
 ger presented to our breasts. 
 
 They allowed us a piece of an old sail, which they 
 did not think worth carrying off : with this we made two 
 tents, and crowded ourselves into them, sitting between 
 one another's legs to preserve warmth, and make room. 
 In this uneasy situation, continually bewailing our misery, 
 and that of our poor shipmates on the wreck, we passed 
 a most tedious night, without so much as a drop of water 
 to refresh ourselves, excepting what we caught through 
 our sail-cloth covering. 
 
 November 30th, at six in the morning, went dcw?i 
 with a number of our men upon ttie rocks, to assist our 
 shipmates in coming ashore, and found the ship had been 
 greatly shattered in the night. It being now low water, 
 many attempted to swim ashore ; some arrived, but 
 others perished. The people on board got the raft into 
 the water, and about fifteen men placed themselves upon 
 it. They had no sooner put oiT from the wreck, than it 
 overturned ; most of them recovered again, but scarcely 
 were they on, before it was a second time overturned. 
 Only three or four got hold of it again, and all the rest 
 perished. In the mean time, a good swimmer brought 
 with much difficulty a rope, which I Lad the good for- 
 tune to catch hold of, just when he was quite spent, and 
 had thoughts of quiting it. Some people coming to my 
 assistance, we pulled a large rope ashore, with that, and 
 made it fast round a rock. We found this gave great 
 spirits to the poor souls upon the wreck ; for, it being 
 hauled taught from the upper part of the stern, made an 
 easy decent to any who had art enough to walk or slide 
 upon a rope, with a smaller rope fixed above to hold by. 
 This was the means of saving a cumber of lives, though 
 many were washed off by the impetuous surf, and per- 
 ished. The flood coming on, raised the surf, and pre- 
 vented any more from coming at that time, so thr.t the 
 
112 LOSS OF THE LITCHFIELD. 
 
 ropes could be of no further use. We then retired from 
 the rocks ; and hunger prevailing, we set about broiling 
 some of the drowned turkeys, &c. which, with some 
 Hour mixed into a paste, and baked upon the coals, con- 
 stituted our first meal upon this barbarous coast. We 
 found a well of fresh water about half a mile off, which 
 very much refreshed us. But we had scarcely finished 
 this coarse repast, when the Moors, who were now 
 grown numerous, drove us all down to the rocks to bring 
 up empty iron bound casks, pieces of the wreck which 
 had the most iron about them, and other articles. 
 
 About three o'clock in the afternoon we made another 
 meal on the drowned poultry, and finding that this was 
 the best provision we were likely to have, some were 
 ordered to save all they could find, others to raise a 
 larger tent, and the rest sent down to the rocks to look 
 for people coming ashore. The surf greatly increasing 
 with the flood, and breaking upon the fore part of the 
 ship, she was divided into three parts ; the fore part 
 turned keel up, the middle part soon dashed into a thou- 
 sand pieces ; the fore part of the poop likewise fell at this 
 time, and about thirty men with it, eight of whom got 
 ashore with our help, but so bruised, that we despaired 
 of their recovery. Nothing but the after-part of the 
 poop now remained above water, and a very small part 
 of the other decks, on which our captain, and about 1 30 
 more remained, expecting every wave to be their last. 
 Every shock threw some off; few or none of whom 
 came on shore alive. During this distress, the Moors 
 laughed uncommonly, and seemed much diverted, 
 when a wave, larger than usual, threatened the 
 destruction of the poor wretches on the wreck. Be- 
 tween four and five o'clock the sea was much decreased 
 with the ebb : the rope being still secure, the people 
 be^an to venture upon it ; some tumbled off and perish- 
 ed, but others reached the shore in safety. 
 
 About five, we beckoned as much a possible for the 
 captain to come upon the rope, as this seemed to be as 
 good an opportunity as any we had seen ; and many 
 arrived in safety with our assistance. Some told us that 
 the captain was determined to stay till all the men had 
 quitted the wreck ; however, we still continued to beck- 
 
LOSS aF THE LITCIIFIELD, 113 
 
 on for him, and before it was dark, saw him come upon 
 the rope. He was closely followed by a good able sea- 
 man, who did all he could to keep up his spirits and 
 assist him in warping. As he could not swim, and had 
 been so many hours without refreshment, with the surf 
 hurling him violently along, he was unable to resist the 
 force of the waves, had lost his hold of the great rope, 
 and must inevitably have perished, had not a wave 
 thrown him within the reach of our ropes, which he 
 had barely sufficient sense to catch hold of. We pulled 
 him up, and after resting a short time on the rocks, he 
 came to himself, and walked up to the tent, desiring us 
 to continue to assist the rest of the people in coming oa 
 shore. The villains, the Moors, would have stripped 
 him, though he had nothing on but a plain waistcoat and 
 breeches, if we had not plucked up a little spirit and 
 opposed them ; upon which they thought proper to desist. 
 The people continued to come ashore, though many 
 perished in the attempt. The Moors, at length, grow- 
 ing tired with waiting for so little plunder, would not 
 suffer us to remain on the rocks, but drove us all away. 
 I then, with the captain's approbation, went, and by 
 signs made humble supplication to the bashaw, who was 
 in the tent dividing the valuable plunder. He under- 
 stood us at last, and gave us permission to go down, at 
 the same time sending some Moors with us. We carried 
 fire-brands down to let the poor souls on the wreck see 
 that we were still there in readiness to assist them. 
 About nine at night finding that no more men would ven- 
 ture upon the rope, as the surf was again greatly increas- 
 ed, we retired to the tent, leaving by the account of the 
 last man that arrived, between thirty and forty souls up- 
 on the wreck. We now thought of stowing every body 
 in the tent, and began by fixing the captain in the mid- 
 dle. Then made every man lie down on his side, 
 as we could not afford them each a breadth ; but, after 
 all, many took easier lodgings in empty casks. 
 
 The next morning the wei-.ther was moderate and fair. 
 We found the wreck all in pieces on the rocks, and the 
 shore covered with lumber. The people upon the 
 wreck all perished about one in the morning. In the 
 afternoon we called a muster, and found the number of 
 K2 
 
114 LOSS OF THE LITCIIFIELDc 
 
 the survivors to be 220 ; so that 130 perished on this 
 melancholy occasion. 
 
 On the 2d of December, the weather still continued 
 moderate. We subsisted entirely on the drowned stock, 
 and a little pork to relish it, and the flour made into 
 cakes ; all of which we issued regularly and sparingly, 
 being ignorant whether the Moors would furnish us with 
 any thing, they being still very troublesome, and even 
 wanting to rob us of the canvas which covered our tent. 
 At two iij the afternoon a black servant arrived, sent by 
 Mr. Butler, a Dane, factor to the American Company 
 at Saffy, a town at the distance of about thirty miles, to 
 inquire into our condition and to offer us assistance. 
 The man having brought pens, ink and paper, the cap- 
 tain sent back a letter by him. Finding there was 
 one who offered us help, it greatly refreshed our afflicted 
 hearts. 
 
 v In the afternoon of the following day, we received a 
 letter from Mr. Butler, with some bread, and a few oth- 
 er necessaries. On the 4th, the people were employed 
 in picking up pieces of sails, and whatever else the 
 Moors would permit them. We divided the crew into 
 messes, and served the necessaries we received the pre- 
 ceding day. They had bread, and the flesh of the 
 drowned stock. In the afternoon we received another 
 letter from Mr. Butler, and one at the same time from 
 Mr. Andrews, an Irish gentleman, a merchant at Saffy. 
 The Moors were not so troublesome now as before, 
 most of them going off with what they had got. 
 
 On the 5th the drowned stock was entirely consumed, 
 and at low water the people were employed in collecting 
 muscles. At ten in the morning, Mr. Andrews arrived, 
 bringing a French surgeon with medicines and plaisters, 
 of which, some of the men who had been dreadfully 
 bruised, stood in great need. The following day, we 
 served out one of the blankets of the country t6 every 
 two men, and pampooses, a kind of slippers, to those 
 who were in most want of them. These supplies were 
 likewise brought us by Mr. Andrews. The people were 
 now obliged to live upon muscles and bread, the Moors, 
 who promised us a supply of cattle, having deceived us, 
 and never returned, 
 
LOSS OF THE LITCHFIELD, 115 
 
 The people on the 7th were still employed in collect- 
 ing muscles and limpets. The Moors began to be a little 
 civil to us, for fear the emperor should punish them for 
 their cruel treatment to us. In the afternoon, a messen- 
 ger arrived from the emperor at Bailee, with general orders 
 to the people to supply us with provisions. They ac- 
 cordingly brought us some lean bullocks and sheep which 
 Mr. Andrews purchased for us ; but at this time we had 
 no pots to make broth in, and the cattle were scarcely 
 fit for any thing else. 
 
 In the morning of the 10th, we made preparations for 
 marching to Morocco, the emperor having sent orders 
 for that purpose, and camels to carry the lame and the 
 necessaries. At nine, set off with about thirty camels, 
 having got all our liquor with us, divided into hogsheads, 
 for the convenience of carriage on the camels. At noon, 
 joined the crews of one of the transports and a bomb- 
 tender, that had been wrecked about three leagues to 
 the northward of us. "We were then all mounted upon 
 camels, excepting the captain, who was furnished with 
 a horse. We never stopped till seven in the evening, 
 when they procured us two tents only, which would not 
 contain one third of the men, so that most of them lay 
 exposed to the dew, which was very heavy, and ex- 
 tremely cold. We found our whole riumher to be 
 338, including officers, men, boys, and three women 
 and a child which one of the women brought ashore in 
 her teeth. 
 
 On the llth continued our journej", attended by a 
 number of Moors on horseback. At six in the even- 
 ing we came to our resting-place for that night, and 
 were furnished with tents sufficient to cover all our 
 men. 
 
 At five in the morning of the ]2th, we set out as be- 
 fore, and, at two in the afternoon, saw the emperor's 
 cavalcade at a distance. At three, a relation of the em- 
 peror's, named Muii Adrix, came to us, and told the 
 captain it was the emperors orders, he should that in- 
 stant write a letter to our governor at Gibraltar, to send 
 to his Britannic majesty to inquire whether he would 
 settle a peace with him or not. Captain Barton iminc- 
 }y sat down upon the grass and wrote a ittter, 
 
Ht> LOSS OF THE L1TCHF1ELD. 
 
 which, being given to Muli A<Jrix, h e went and joined 
 the emperor again. At six in the evening came to our 
 resting-place for the night, and were well furnished with 
 tents, but very little provisions. 
 
 We were, the following day, desired to continue on 
 the same spot, till the men were refreshed, and this re- 
 pose they greatly needed, and we received a better sup- 
 ply of provisions. That morning, Lieutenant Harrison 
 commanding the soldiers belonging to Lord Forbes' re- 
 giment, died suddenly in the tent. In the evening, while 
 employed with his interment, the inhuman Moors dis- 
 turbed us by throwing stones and mocking us. The 
 next day we found that they had opened the grave and 
 stripped the body. 
 
 On the 16tb, we continued our journey, came to our 
 'jg -place at four in the afternoon, pitched the tents^ 
 -rd served out the provisions. Here our people were 
 ill-treated by some of the country Moors. As they 
 were taking water from a brook, the Moors would al- 
 ways spit into the vessel before they would suffer them 
 to take it away. Upon this some of us went down to 
 inquire into the affair, but were immediately saluted 
 with a shower of stones. We ran in upon them, beat 
 some of them pretty soundly, put them to flight, and 
 brought away one who thought to defend himself with 
 a long knife. This fellow was -severely punished by 
 the officer who had the charge of conducting us. 
 
 The two succeeding days continued our journey, and, 
 at three in the afternoon of the 18th, arrived at the city 
 of Morocco, without having seen a single habitation 
 during the whole journey. Here we were insulted by 
 the rabble and, at five, were carried before the empe- 
 ror, surrounded by five or six hundred of his guards. 
 He was on horseback before the gate of his palace, that 
 being the place where he distributes justice to his peo- 
 ple. He told Captain Barton, by an interpreter, that 
 he was neither at peace nor wer with England, and he 
 would detain us till an ambassador arrived from that 
 country to conclude a permanent treaty. The captain 
 then desired that we might not be treated as slaves. He 
 answered hastily, that we should be taken care of. We 
 v* ere then immediately hurried out of his presence, con- 
 
LOSS OF THE LITCHPIELD. 117 
 
 veyed to i wo old ruinous houses, shut up amidst dirt and in- 
 numerable vermin of every description. Mr Butler be- 
 ing at Morocco on business, came and supplied us with 
 victuals and drink, and procured liberty for the captain 
 to go home wKh him to his lodgings. He likewise sent 
 some blankets for the officers, and we made shift to 
 pass the night with tolerable comfort, being very much 
 fatigued. 
 
 At nine in the morning of the 21st, the emperor sent 
 orders for the captain and every officer to appear before 
 him. We immediately repaired to his palace ; we re- 
 mained waiting in an outer yard two hours : in the mean 
 time he diverted himself with seeing a clumsy Dutch 
 boat rowed about in a pond by four of our petty officers. 
 About noon we were called before him, and placed in a 
 line about thirty yards from him. He was sitting in a chair 
 by the side of the pond, accompanied only by two of 
 his chief alcaides. Having viewed us some time, he 
 ordered the captain to come forward, and after asking 
 him a good many questions concerning our navy, and 
 destination of the squadron to which we had belonged, 
 we were also called forward by two and three at a time as 
 we stood according to our rank. He then asked most of us 
 some very insignificant questions, and took some to be 
 Portuguese because they had black hair, and others to 
 be Swedes because their hair was li;ht. He judged none 
 of us to be English excepting the captain, the second 
 lieutenant, the ensign of the soldiers, and myself. But 
 assuring him we were all English, he cried Bonno, and 
 gave a nod for our departure, to which we returned a 
 very low bow, and were glad to retu, n to our old ruined 
 houses again. Our total number amounted to thirty. 
 
 On the 25th, being Christmas-day, prayers were read 
 to the people as usual in the church of England. The 
 captain this day received a present of tea and loaves of 
 sugar from one of the queens, whose grand-father had 
 been an English renegado. 
 
 In the afternoon of the 26th, we received the disa- 
 greeable intelligence, that the Emperor would oblige ail 
 the English to work, like all the other Christian slaves, 
 excepting the officer 3 who were before him on the 21st. 
 
118 LOSS OF THE LITCHFIELD. 
 
 The next day this account was confirmed ; for, at seven 
 in the morning, an alcaide came and ordered all our 
 people to work, excepting the sick. Upon our applica- 
 tion, eight were allowed to stay at home every day to 
 cook for the rest, and this office was performed by turns 
 throughout the whole company. At four in the after- 
 noon the people returned, some having been employed 
 in carrying wood, some in turning up the ground with 
 hoes, and others in picking weeds in the Emperors gar- 
 den. Their victuals was prepared for them against their 
 return. 
 
 On the 28th, all the people went to work as soon as 
 they could see, and returned at four in the afternoon. 
 Two of the soldiers received one hundred bastinadoes 
 each, for behaving in a disrespectful manner while the 
 Emperor was looking at their work. 
 
 On the 30th, Captain Barton recived a kiud message 
 from the Emperor, with permission to ride out or take a 
 walk in his garden with his officers. 
 
 From this Untie the men continued in the same state 
 of slavery till the arrival in April, of Captain Milbauk, 
 sent as an ambassador to the Emperor. He concluded 
 a treaty for the ransom of the crew of the Litchfield, 
 together with the other English subjects in the Emperor's 
 power, and the sum stipulated to be paid for their release, 
 was 170,000 dollars. Our people accordingly set out 
 for Bailee, attended by a bashaw and two soldiers on 
 horseback, On the fourth day of their march, they had 
 a skirmish with some of the country Moors. The dis- 
 pute began in consequence of some of our men in the 
 rear stopping at a village to buy some milk, for which-, 
 after they had drank it, the Moors demanded an ex- 
 orbitant price. This our men refused to give, on which 
 the Moors had recourse to blows, which our people re- 
 turned ; and others coming to their assistance, they 
 maintained a smart battle, till the enemy became too 
 numerous. In the mean time some rode off to call the 
 guard, who instantly came up with their drawn scyme- 
 tars, and dealt round them pretty briskly. During this 
 interval we were not idle, and had the pleasure to see the 
 blood trickling down a good many of their faces. The 
 
^ L09S OP THE LITCHPIELD. IK) 
 
 guards seized the chief man of the village, and carried 
 him before the bashaw, who was our conductor, and who 
 having heard the cause, dismissed him without farther 
 punishment, in consideration of his having been well 
 drubbed by us. 
 
 On the 22d of April, we arrived at Sallee, and pitched 
 our tents in an old castle, from whence we soon, after- 
 wards embarked on board the Gibraltar, which landed 
 us at Gibraltar on the 27th of June. From that place 
 the Captain and crew were put on board the Marlborough 
 store ship, prepared expressly for their reception, and 
 arrived in England in the month of August, 17 60. 
 
120 
 
 .SHIPWRECK OP THE 
 
 PORTUGUESE VESSEL THE ST. JAMES, 
 
 -Off the Coast of Africa, in 1586, 
 
 JL HE Portuguese still maintained towards the 
 * jsnd of the sixteenth century, that reputation which they 
 had acquired in the East Indies, by their conquests and 
 their courage. Their prosperity was, however, occa- 
 sionally interrupted by misfortunes, which were some- 
 times attributed to the obstinacy and ignorance of the 
 Captains commanding the vessels of that nation. Of 
 the fatal effects arising from those causes, the following 
 narrative affords a striking instance. 
 
 In the month of May, 1586, intelligence was received 
 at Goa of the loss of the Admiral's ship, the St. James. 
 The account of this disaster stated, that after doubling 
 the Cape of Good Hope, the Captain conceiving he had 
 neither rocks nor other dangers to dread, proceeded un- 
 der full sail, without observing his charts, or at least not 
 with the attention he ought. Having a favorable wind, 
 he made much way in a short time, but was driven out 
 of his course towards the rocks called Bassas de India, 
 distant about fifty leagues from the island of Madagascar, 
 and seventy from the continent. 
 
 Perceiving they were so near these rocks, and in im- 
 minent danger of striking upon them^ several of the 
 passengers, who had frequently traversed those seas, 
 were much alarmed. They represented to the Captain, 
 that being in the midst of the rocks, it was extremely 
 dangerous to suffer the ship to run under fuil sail, parti- 
 cularly during the night, and in a season when tempests 
 were very frequent, The Captain regardless of their 
 
LOSS OF THE ST. JAMES. I2t 
 
 prudent remonstrances, exerted his authority, ordered 
 the pilots to follow his commands, adding, that the king's 
 commission entitled him to obediance, and that his opia- 
 ion ought to be taken in preference. However, between 
 eleven and twelve o'clock the same night the vessel was 
 driven towards the rocks, and struck without a possibil- 
 ity of being got off. A confused cry of distress resound- 
 ed, in every direction, from a multitude composed of 
 above five hundred men and thirty women, who having 
 no oth^r prospect before their eyes but inevitable des- 
 truction, bewailed their fate with the bitterest lamenta- 
 tions. Every effort to save the ship proved Ineffectual. 
 The admiral, Fernando Mendoza, the captain, the first 
 pilot, and ten or twelve other persons, instantly threw 
 themselves into the boat saying, they would seek upon 
 the rocks a proper place for collecting the wreck of the 
 ship, with which they might afterwards construct a ves- 
 sel large enough to convey the whole of the crew to 
 the continent. With this view they actually landed en 
 the rock, but being unable to find a spot proper for the 
 execution of their design, they did not think proper to 
 return to the ship, but resolved to steer towards 
 the African coast. Some , provisions which had been 
 thrown in haste into the boat were distributed among 
 i hi 'in ; they then directed their course towards the 
 continent of Africa, where they arrived in safety, 
 after a voyage of seventeen days, and enduring 
 all the horrors of famine and tempestuous weather. 
 
 Those who remained on board finding that the baat 
 did not return, began to despair of saving their lives. 
 To add to their distress the vessel parted between the 
 t\vo decks, and the pinnace was much damaged by the 
 repeated shocks she sustained from the fury of the 
 waves. The workmen, though very expert, despaired 
 of being able to repair her, when an Italian, named 
 Cypriano Grimaldi, leaped into her, accompanied by 
 ninety of the crew, and assisted by most of those who 
 had followed him instantly fell to work to put her into a 
 condition to keep the sea. 
 
 Those who could not get on board the pinnace beheld 
 her bearing av/ay from the wreck with tears and lamen- 
 L 
 
I** LOSS OF THE ST. JAMES. 
 
 iations. Several who could swim threw themselves into 
 the sea, in the hope of overtaking her ; and some were 
 on the point of getting on board, when their more fortu- 
 nate comrades fearing they should be sunk with the 
 weight of all those who endeavored to obtain admit- 
 tance pushed them back into the sea, and with their 
 sabres and hatchets cut, without mercy, the hands of. 
 such as would not quit their hold. It is impossible to 
 describe the anguish of those who remained on the float- 
 ing fragments of the wreck, and witnessed this barba- 
 rous scene. Seeing themselves cut off from every 
 -resource, their cries and lamentations would have melt- 
 ed the hardest heart. The situation of those in the 
 pinnace was not much better ; their great number, the 
 want of provisions, their distance from the land, and the 
 bad condition of the crazy bark that bore them, 
 contributed to fill them with gloomy presenti- 
 ments. Some of the most resolute, however, to pre- 
 vent the anarchy and confusion which would have aggra- 
 vated their misery, proposed to their companions to 
 submit to the authority of a captain. To this they all 
 agreed, and immediately chose a nobleman of Portu- 
 guese extraction, but born in India, to command them, 
 investing him with absolute power. He instantly em- 
 ployed his authority, in causing the weakest, whom he 
 /.ly pointed out with his finger, to be thrown over- 
 board. In the number of these was a carpenter, who 
 had assisted in repairing the pinnace ; the only favor he 
 requested was a little wine, after which he suffered him- 
 self to be thrown into the sea witout uttering a word. 
 Another, who was proscribed in the same manner, was 
 stived by an uncommon exertion of fraternal affection. 
 He was already seized and on the point of being sacri- 
 ficed to imperious necessity, when his younger brother 
 demanded a moment's delay. He observed that his 
 brother was skilful in his profession, that his father and 
 mother were very old, and his sisters not yet settled in 
 Life : that he could not b.e of that service to them which 
 bis Brother might, and, #s circumstances required the 
 sacrifice of one of the two, he begged to die in his stead. 
 fas complied with, and he was accordingly 
 
LOSS OF THE ST. JAMES. 123 
 
 thrown into the sea. But this courageous youth follow- 
 ed the bark upwards of six hours, making incessant 
 efforts to get on board, sometimes on one side, and 
 sometimes on the other, while those who had thrown 
 him over endeavored to keep him off with their swords. 
 But that which appeared likely to accelerate his end, 
 proved his preservation. The young rnan snatched at a 
 swoni, seized it by the blade, and neither the pain, u-.-.r 
 the exertions made by him who held it, could make 
 hinl quit his grasp. The others, admiring his resolu- 
 tion, and moved with the proof of fraternal affection 
 which he had displayed, unanimously agreed to permit 
 him to enter the pinnace. At length, after having 
 endured hunger and thirst, and encountered the dan- 
 gers of several tempests, they landed on the coast of 
 Africa, on the twentieth day after their shipwreck, and 
 there met with their companions who had escaped in 
 the first boat. 
 
 The rest of (he crew and passengers left on the wreck 
 likewise attempted to reach the land. Collecting some 
 loose rafters and planks, they formed a kind of raft, but 
 were overwhelmed by the first sea, aud all perished, 
 excepting two who gained the shore. Those who had 
 reached the coast of Africa had not arrived at the end 
 of their sufferings ; they had scarcely disembarked 
 when they fell into the hands of the CaffVees, a savage 
 and inhuman people, who stripped and left them in the 
 most deplorable state. However, mustering up their 
 courage and the little strength they had left, they arriv- 
 ed at the place where the agent of the Portuguese, at 
 Sofala and Mozambique, resided. By him they were 
 received with the utmost humanity, and after reposing a 
 few days, after their fatigues, they reached Mozambi- 
 que, and repaired from thence to India. Only sixty 
 survived out of all those who had embarked in the St. 
 James ; all the rest perished either at sea, of fatigue, 
 or hunger. Thus the imprudence of an individual occa- 
 sioned the loss of a fine vessel, and the lives of above 
 four hundred and fifty persons. 
 
 Upon the captains return to Europe, the widows and 
 orphans of the unfortunate sufferers raised such loud 
 
2- ; i LOSS OF THE ST. JAMES. 
 
 complaints against him that he was apprehended and 
 put in prison ; but he was soon afterwards released. 
 The former catastrophe was not a sufficient lesson for this 
 *elf sufficient and obstinate man. He .undertook the 
 command of another vessel in 1588, and had nearly 
 )ost her in the same manner, and in the same place. 
 Fortunately, at sunrise he discovered the rocks, towards 
 which he was running with the same imprudence as in 
 his former voyage. But on his return from India, to 
 Portugal he was lost, together with the vessel he was 
 on board of ; thus meeting with the just punishment 
 of his culpable obstinacy and misconduct. 
 
' 
 
 THE LOSS OF Atf 
 
 ENGLISH SLOOP, 
 
 On the Coast off the Island of Cape Breton, in 1780. 
 
 JL HE man of true courage, even in the most 
 desperate situations, invariably finds resources within 
 himself. Of this the journal of Captain Prenties, of the 
 81th regiment of foot affords the reader a striking exam- 
 pie. 
 
 Being charged, says that officer, with the dispatches 
 delivered to me by General Haldimand, commander in 
 chief in Canada, for General Clinton, I embarked on the 
 17th of November, 1780, in a small sloop bound from 
 Quebec to New- York. We set sail in company with a 
 brig destined for the same place, and carrying a duplicate 
 of the dispatches. Having descended the St. Lawrejice 
 to the harbor called St. Patrick's Hole, we were detained 
 in that port by a contrary wind, which continued six 
 days. The winter began to set in, and ice, of consider- 
 able thickness, was soon formed on the banks of the riv- 
 er by the intenseness of the frost. Would to heaven it 
 had continued a few days longer ! By absolutely pre- 
 venting us from proceeding it would have saved us those 
 misfortunes, the narrative of which begins with that of 
 our navigation. 
 
 Before we reached the mouth of the river it was dis- 
 covered that the sloop had sprung a small ieak. We had 
 scarcely entered the gulph, when the ship began to make 
 considerably more water, and though two pumps were 
 kept constantly going, we still had two feet wafer in the 
 hold. On the other hand, the seventy of the frost had 
 increased, and the ice collected about the ship so as to 
 render us apprehensive of being entirely surrourided. 
 L2 
 
128 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 We had on board only 19 people, six of whom were pas- 
 sengers, and the others bad seamen. As for the captain, 
 to whom it was natural to look up for assistance in this 
 predicament, instead of attending to the preservation of 
 the ship, he passed his time in getting drunk in his cabin, 
 without bestowing a thought upon our safety. 
 
 The wind continuing to blow with the same violence, 
 and the water having risen in the hold to the height of 
 four feet, cold and fatigue produced a general despon- 
 dency among the crew. The seamen unanimously re- 
 solved to desist from their work. They abandoned the 
 pumps, and shewed the utmost indifference to their fate, 
 declaring they would rather go to the bottom with the 
 ship, than exhaust themselves by useless labor in such a 
 desperate situation. It must be acknowledged, that for 
 several days they had undergone excessive fatigue, with- 
 out any interval of relaxation. The inactivity of the 
 captain had the effect of disheartening them still more. 
 However, by encouragement and promises, and by the 
 distribution of wine, which I ordered very seasonably to 
 refresh them, I at length overcame their reluctance. 
 During the interruption of their labor the water had risen 
 another foot in the hold ; but their activity was so in- 
 creased by the warmth of the liquor which I gave them 
 every half hour, and they stuck so closely to their work, 
 that the water was soon reduced to less than three feet. 
 
 It was now the 2d of December. The wind appeared 
 every day to become more violent instead of abating. 
 The cracks in the vessel continued to increase, while the 
 ice attached to her sides augmented her weight and check- 
 ed her progress. It was necessary to keep constantly 
 breaking this crust of ice which threatened to envelope 
 the ship. The brig by which we were accompanied, so 
 &r from being able to lend us any assistance, was in a sit- 
 uation still more deplorable, having struck upon the 
 rocks near the Island of Coudres, through the ignorance 
 of the pilot. A thick snow, which then began to fall, 
 concealed her from us. The guns which we fired alter- 
 nately every half hour, formed the whole of our corres- 
 pondence. We soon had the mortification to find that 
 our signals were not answered. She perished, together 
 with her crew of sixteen persons, while it was impossible 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 127 
 
 for us even to perceive their disaster, or to endeavor to 
 pick them up. 
 
 The pity with which their melancholy fate inspired us 
 was soon diverted to ourselves, by the apprehension of 
 new danger. The sea ran very high, the snow fell ex- 
 cessively thick, the cold was insupportable, and the 
 whole crew a prey to dejection. Thus situated, the 
 mate exclaimed, that we could not be far from the, Mag- 
 dalen Islands, a confused heap of rocks, some of 
 which raise their heads above the sea, while others are 
 concealed beneath the surface of the water, and have 
 proved fatal to a great number of vessels In less than 
 two hours we heard the waves breaking with great vio- 
 lence upon those rocks, and soon afterwards discovered 
 the principal island called the Dead Man, which we with 
 difficulty avoided. Our apprehensions of danger were 
 not the less alarming, amidst a multitude of rocks which 
 there was little probability of escaping with the same good 
 fortune ; as the snow, which fell faster than ever, scarcely 
 suffered us to see from one end of the ship to the other. 
 It would be difficult to describe the consternation and 
 horror with which we were seized during the whole of 
 this passage. But when we had cleared it, a ray of hope 
 dawned upon the hearts of the seamen, who, upon con- 
 sidering the danger they had just escaped, no longer 
 doubted the interposition of Providence in their favor, 
 and redoubled their efforts with new ardor. 
 
 The sea became more turbulent during the night, and 
 at five o'clock the next morning a prodigious wave 
 broke over the ship, staved in her ports, and filled the 
 cabin ; the impetuosity of the waves having driven in 
 the stern-post, we endeavored to stop the apertures with 
 beef cut in slices, but this feeble expedient proved inef- 
 fectual, and the water continued to gain upon us more 
 rapidly than ever. The affrighted crew had suspended, 
 for a moment, the working of the pumps ; when they 
 were about to resume their labor, they found them 
 frozen so hard that it was impossible to work them after- 
 wards. 
 
 From that moment we lost all hope of saving the ship, 
 and all our wishes were confined lo her keeping above 
 water, at least till we reached St. John's, or sonic 
 
123 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 island in the gulph, where we might be able to land with 
 the aid of our boat. 
 
 Being left at the mercy of the wind, we durst not per- 
 form any manoeuvre for fear of giving some dangerous 
 shock to the vessel. The weight of water, which was 
 increasing every minute, retarded her progress, and the 
 more rapid waves, whose course she checked, returned 
 with fury and broke over the deck. The cabin in which 
 we had again taken refuge, afforded a feeble protection 
 against the howling tempest, and scarcely sheltered us 
 from the icy waves. We were every moment apprehen- 
 sive of seeing our rudder carried away, and our mast go 
 by the board. The guils and wild ducks which hovered 
 around us, testified, it is true, that the land could not be 
 far distant ; but the very approach to it was a new subject 
 of terror. How were we to escape the breakers with 
 which it might be surrounded, unable as we were to 
 avoid, or even to perceive them through the cloud of 
 snow in which we were enveloped ? Such, for a few 
 hours, was our deplorable situation, when the weather 
 having suddenly cleared, we at length perceived land at 
 the distance of three leagues. 
 
 The sentiment of joy, with which the first sight of it 
 inspired us, was much abated upon a more distinct view 
 of the enormous rocks which appeared to rise perpendi- 
 cularly along the coast in order to repel us. The vessel, 
 besides, shipped such heavy seas as would have sunk 
 her, had she been deeply laden. At each successive 
 shock we were afraid of seeing the ship go to pieces. 
 Our boat was too small to contain the whole of the crew, 
 and the sea too rough to trust to such a frail support. It 
 appeared as if we had made this fatal land only to render 
 it a witness of our loss. 
 
 Meanwhile we continued to approach it. We were 
 not above a mile distant, when we discovered with 
 transport^ around the menacing rocks, a sandy beach, 
 towards which our course was directed, while the water 
 decreased so fast in depth, as to prevent our approaching 
 within fifty or sixty yards, when the ship struck. Ths 
 fate of our lives was now about to be decided in a few 
 
JLOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 120 
 
 At length the vessel struck upon the sand with great 
 violence. At the first shock the main-mast went by the 
 board and the tiller was unshipped with such force that 
 the bar almost killed one of the seamen. The furious 
 seas which dashed against the ship on every side, stove inr 
 the stern, so that having no longer any shelter in the 
 cabin, we were obliged to go upon deck, and to hold 
 fast by the rigging, for fear of being washed overboard. 
 In a few moments the vessel righted a little, but the keel 
 was broken, and the body of the ship seemed ready to 
 go to pieces. Thus all our hopes were reduced to the 
 boat, which I had infinite trouble to get overboard, being; 
 so covered within and without, with lumps of ice, of 
 which it was necessary to clear her. Most of the crew 
 having taken w r ine to endeavor to overcome the fright 
 with which they were seized, I gave a glass of brandy 
 to those who were sober, and asked if they were willing 
 to embark with me in the boat for the purpose of getting 
 on shore. The sea was so rough that it seemed impos- 
 sible for our crazy bark to keep it a moment without be- 
 ing overwhelmed. Only the mate, two seamen, and a 
 young passenger, resolved to risk themselves in the 
 boat. 
 
 In the first moment of danger I put my dispatches in 
 a handkerchief, which I tied round my waist. Regard- 
 less of the rest of my propcrtj r , I seized a hatchet and a 
 saw, and threw myself into the boat, followed by the 
 mate and my servant, who, more thoughtful than my- 
 self, had saved out of my box a purse of one hundred 
 and eighty guineas. The passenger not springing far 
 enough fell into the sea, and our hands were so benumed 
 With cold as to be almost incapable of affording him the 
 smallest assistance. When the two seamen had got into 
 the boat, those who had most obstinately refused to try 
 the same fortune, implored us to receive them ; but being 
 apprehensive that we should founder with the w-eight of 
 such a number, I ordered the boat to put off from the 
 vessel. I soon had occasion to congratulate myself for 
 having stifled a sentiment of commiseration which might 
 Jiave proved fatal to them. Though the shore was not 
 above fifty yards distant, we were met half way by a 
 prodigious wave, which half filled the boat, and would 
 
130 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 infallibly have upset her had she been more heavily la- 
 den. A second wave threw us with violence upon the 
 shore. 
 
 The joy to find ourselves, at length, secure from those 
 dangers which had so long kept us in the most cruel 
 alarms, caused us to forget, for a moment, that we had 
 only escaped one kind of death, probably to endure 
 another more terrible and painful. While we embraced 
 each other, in our first transports, and congratulated our- 
 selves on our escape, we could not but be sensible of the 
 distresses of our companions whom we had left on board, 
 and whose lamentable cries we heard amidst the hoarse 
 noise of the waves. What augmented the affliction into 
 which we were plunged by this sentiment, was, our being 
 unable to afford them any kind of assistance. Our boat 
 thrown upon the sand by the angry waves, plainly testifi- 
 ed the impossibility of her breaking their force and re- 
 turning to the vessel. 
 
 Night was fast approaching, and we had not been long 
 upon this icy shore, when we found ourselves benumbed 
 with cold. We were obliged to walk over the snow, 
 which sunk under our feet, to the entrance of a little 
 wood about two hundred yards from the shore, which 
 sheltered us a little from the piercing northwest wind. 
 We yet wanted afire to warm our chilled limbs, and had 
 no meaRS of kindling one. The tinder-box which we 
 had taken the precaution to put into the boat, had got 
 wet by the last wave that drove us ashore. Exercise 
 alone could prevent our being frozen, in keeping our 
 blood in circulation. 
 
 Being better acquainted than my companions with the 
 nature of these severe climates, I recommended to them 
 to keep themselves in motion, in order to prevent being 
 overpowered by sleep. But the young passenger, whose 
 clothes were soaked in the sea water, and were frozen 
 stiff upon his body, was unable to resist the drowsy sen- 
 sation always produced by the excessive cold which he 
 experienced. In vain I employed, by turns, persuasion 
 and force to make him keep upon his legs. I was oblig- 
 ed to leave him to his supineness. After walking about 
 half an hour, I was myself seized with such a powerful 
 inclination to sleep, that I felt myself ready every mo 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 131 
 
 ment to sink to the ground in order to gratify it, till I re- 
 turned to the place where the young man lay. I 
 put my hand to his lace and found it quite cold, when I 
 desired the mate to feel it. We both conceived him to 
 be dead. He replied, with a feeble voice, that he was 
 not, but that he felt his end approaching, and intreated 
 me, if I survived, to write to his father at New- York, 
 and inform him of his fate. In ten minutes we saw him 
 expire, without any pain, or at least without strong con- 
 vulsions. I relate this incident to shew the effect of vio- 
 lent cold on the human body during sleep, and to shew 
 that this kind of death is not always accompanied with a 
 sensation of such excessive pain as is generally sup- 
 posed. 
 
 This dreadful lesson was incapable of inducing the 
 others to resist the inclination to sleep by wliich they 
 were attacked. Three of them lay down in spite of 
 my exhortations. Seeing that it was impossible to keep 
 (hem on their legs, I went and cut two branches of trees, 
 one of which 1 gave to the mate, and my whole em- 
 ployment, during the remainder of the night, was to 
 prevent my companions from sleeping, by striking them 
 as soon as they closed their eyes. This exercise was 
 of benefit to ourselves, at the same time that it preserv- 
 ed the others froiji danger of almost certain death. 
 
 Bay-light, which we awaited with such impatience, 
 at length appeared. I ran to the shore with the mate to 
 endeavor to discover &o*ne vestige of the ship, though 
 we had very little hope of finding any. What was our 
 surprize and our satisfaction to see, that she had held 
 together, notwithstanding the violence of the wind, which 
 seemetl strong enough to dash her into a thousand pieces 
 during the night ! The first thing I did was to contrive 
 how to get the remainder of the crew on shore. The 
 vessel since we quitted her had been driven by the waves 
 much nearer the shore, and the distance which she was 
 separated from it, I knew must be much less at low water. 
 When it was come, I called out to the people in the ship 
 to tie a rope to her side and let themselves down czie of- 
 ter another. They adopted this expedient. Watching 
 attentively the motion of the sea, and seizing the oppor- 
 tunity of dropping at the moment when the waves retired. 
 
132 LOSS OP AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 they all got on shore without danger, excepting the car 
 penter. He did not think proper to trust himself in that 
 manner, or probably was unable to stir, having used his 
 bottle rather too freely during the night. The general 
 safety was attached to that of each individual, and 1 
 doubly rejoiced to see around me such a number of 
 iny companions in misfortune, whom I imagined to be 
 swallowed up by the waves but a few hours before. 
 
 The captain .before he left the ship, fortunately pro- 
 vided himself with all the materials for lighting a fire. 
 The company then proceeded towards the forest : some 
 fell to work to cut wood, others to collect the dry 
 branches scattered on the ground, and soon a bright flame, 
 rising from a large pile, produced a thousand acclama- 
 tions of joy. Considering the extreme cold which we 
 bad so long endured, no enjoyment could equal that of 
 a good fire. We crowded round it as closely as possible 
 to revive our benumed limbs. But this enjoyment was 
 succeeded, in general by excrutiating pain, as soon as 
 the heat of the fire penetrated into tho&e parts of the 
 body which had been bitten by the frost. The mate and 
 myself were the only exceptions, on account of the ex- 
 ercise we had taken during the night. All the others had 
 been more er less attacked, both in the .ship and on 
 shore. The convulsive movements produced in our 
 unfortunate companions, by the violence of the torments 
 they endured, would be too horrible for description. 
 
 When we came to make a review of our company I 
 observed that Captain Green, a passenger, was missing. 
 I was informed that he had fallen asleep in the ship, and 
 had frozen to death. Our anxiety was renewed on 
 account of the carpenter, who was left behind. The 
 sea continuing to roll with unabated fury, so that it was 
 impossible to send the boat to his relief, we were oblig- 
 ed to wait the return of low water ; when we, at length 
 persuaded him to come on shore in the same manner as 
 Ihe others ; which he did with extreme difficulty, being 
 reduced to a state of the utmost weakness, and frozen 
 in almost every part of his body. 
 
 Night arrived, and we spent it rather more comforta- 
 ble than the pveceedhi<r. Yet, notwithstanding we were 
 keep up a large fire, we suffered considerably 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. U3 
 
 from the sharpness of the wind, against which we had 
 no shelter. The trees were scarcely sufficient to pro- 
 tect us from the snow, which fell in immense flakes, as 
 if to extinguish our tire. While it soaked through cur 
 clothes on the side exposed to the fire, on our backs it 
 formed a heap which we were obliged to shake oft' be- 
 fore it froze into ice. The craving sensation of hunger, 
 a new hardship, that we had hitherto been unacquainted 
 with, was now added to that of cold, which we had so 
 much difficulty to endure. 
 
 Two days elapsed, every moment of which added to 
 the painful recollection of our past misfortunes, the 
 terror of a still more distressing futurity. At length the 
 wind and the sea, which had combined to prevent us 
 from approaching the vessel, redoubled their united 
 efforts to destroy her. We were apprised of her fate by 
 the noise of her breaking up. We ran towards the 
 shore, and saw part of the cargo already floating, which 
 the impetuosity of the waves washed through the opens 
 of her sides. Fortunately the tide carried part of the 
 wreck upon the beach. Providing ourselves with long 
 poles, and the oars of our boat, we proceeded along the 
 sand, drawing on shore whatever was most useful within 
 our reach It was thus v.'e saved a few casks of sr.If 
 beef, and a considerable quantity of onions, which the 
 rnpiam had taken on board to sell. Our attention, was 
 likewise directed to the planks that wr;<' detached from 
 the vessel, and which might prove serviceable to us in 
 constructing a hut. We collected a great number, 
 which we dragged into the wood to be immediately em- 
 ployed for the above mentioned purpose. This was no 
 easy undertaking, as few of us were able to go to work 
 upon it. Our success, this day, however, inspired us 
 with courage, and the food we had procured supporting 
 our strength, the work had advanced considerably by 
 the close of day. The light of our fire enabled us to 
 continue it after dark, arid by ten o'clock at. nictfit we 
 1 had a hut twenty feet long, ten broad, and sufficiently 
 solid, thanks to the trees which supported it at certain 
 <ttstajicts, to withstand the force of the wind, but not 
 close enough to shelter us entirely from the cold. 
 M 
 
234 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SL001\ 
 
 The Two succeeding days were employed either in 
 eompleating our edifice, collecting during high water 
 what the tide brought from the ship, or in taking an 
 account of our provisions, in order to establish the pro- 
 portion in which thej ought to be distributed. We had not 
 been able to save any biscuit, which was thoroughly soak- 
 ed with sea water. It was agreed, that each person, well 
 or ill, should be confined to a quarter of a pound of beef 
 and four onions a day. as long as they lasted. This scan- 
 ty pittance, scarcely sufficient to keep us alive, was all that 
 He could allow ourselves, uncertain what time we 
 might be obliged to spend on this desart coast. 
 
 The 1 1 th of December, the sixth day after our ship- 
 wreck, the wind abated, so as to allow us to get the boat 
 afloat to go and seek what was leit in the wreck. Great 
 part of the day was lost in cutting away, with the hatch- 
 et, the thick ice which covered the deck and stopped up 
 the hatchways. The next day we succeeded in getting 
 out a small barrel, containing one hundred and twenty 
 pounds of Salt beef, two chests of onions, one of pota- 
 toes, three bottles of balsam of Canada, one of oil, 
 which became exceedingly serviceable for the wounds 
 of the seamen ; another hatchet, a large iron pot, two 
 stew-pans, and about a dozen pounds of candles. This 
 precious cargo enable us the following day to add four 
 onions to our daily allowance. 
 
 We returned agtfn on board on the 14th, to look for 
 the sails, part of which served to cover our hut, and to 
 keep out the snow. The same day, the wounds of 
 those who had suffered most from the frost, and had 
 neglected to rub them with snow, began to mortify. 
 The skin came off their legs, their hands, and the parts 
 of their limbs affected by the frost, with excessive pain. 
 The carpenter, who was the last that came on shore, 
 lost tli greatest part of his feet, and in the night of the 1 4th 
 became delirious, in which state he continued till the 
 next day, when death relieved him from his miserable 
 existence. Three days afterwards our second mate die$ 
 in the same mariner, having been delirious several hours 
 foeibre he expired; and a seaman experienced the 
 
 'lie following day. We covered their bodies with 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 snow and the branches of trees, having neither pickaxe 
 nor spade to dig them a grave ; and if we had even 
 been provided with them, the earth was frozen too hard, 
 and too deep, to yield to those instruments. 
 
 All these losses, which reduced our company to four- 
 teen persons, gave us but little concern, either on the-: v 
 account or on our own. Upon considering our drcauftrl 
 situation, death appeared rather a blessing than a misfor- 
 tune ; and when a sentiment of nature revived within us 
 
 love of life, each individual regarded liis companions 
 a 3 so many enemies armed by hunger to deprive him of 
 his subsistence. In fact, if some had not paid tho debt c: 
 nature, we should soon have been reduced to the horrible 
 necessity of perishing of hunger, or of murdering ari'3 
 devouring each other. Without being brought to 
 dreadful alternative, our situation was so miser...- 
 it seemed impossible for any new calamity to be a 
 bio of augmenting its horrors. The continual sensation 
 of excessive cold and pressing hunger, the pain of the 
 frost wounds, irritated by the fire, the complaints of 
 the sufferers, the neglect and filth which render*- 
 objects of disgust, both to ourselves and others, all tho 
 images of despair collected around us, and the ore 
 of a slow and painful death, in the rnidst of a desolate 
 region, far from the consolations of relative :-:ids; 
 
 such is an imperfect representation of the pangs our 
 
 ids endured every moment of the tedious days and 
 
 :,;d nights. 
 
 The mate and I often went abroad to see if we could 
 discover any vestiges of habitations, in the country. 
 Our excursions were not long, nor attended with auy 
 success. We resolved, one day, to penetrate farther 
 into the country, keeping along the banks of a frozen 
 river. We observed, from time to time, traces of elks 
 and other animals, which caused us sincerely to regret 
 being unprovided with arms and powder to shoot 
 them. A ray of hope, for a moment, illumined our 
 minds. Following the direction of some trees, cut en 
 the sides with a Jiatchet, we arrived at a place where 
 r.)j'K Indians must shortly before have resided, .since 
 their wigwarm was still standing, and the bark employed 
 for that purpose appeared quite IVosh ; an elk's skin, 
 
136 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 which we found very near, suspended from a pole, con- 
 finned our conjectures. We anxiously traversed all the 
 adjacent country, but, alas ! without success. We, 
 however, derived some satisfaction from reflecting that 
 this place had had inhabitants or visitors, and that they 
 might soon return. Struck with this idea, I cut a long 
 pole, which I stuck upright on the bank of the river, 
 fastening to it a piece of birch bark, after cutting it into 
 the figure of a hand, with the fore-finger extending and 
 turned towards our hut, I likewise took away the elk's 
 skin, in order that the savages, at their return might 
 perceive that somebody had passed by the place since 
 they left it, and might by the aid of the sign, discover 
 the route they had taken. The approach of the night 
 obliged us to return to our habitation, and we doubled 
 our pace to communicate that agreeable news to our 
 companions. However feeble were the hopes we could 
 reasonably allow ourselves to entertain from this discov- 
 ery, I perceived that my narrative afforded them consid- 
 erable consolation ; so strongly does the kind instinct of 
 nature impel the unhappy to seize upon whatever is 
 capable of alleviating the sensation of their misery. 
 
 Several days elapsed ia hope of seeing the Indians 
 appear every moment before our hut. These sweet 
 ideas gradually lost ground, and soon vanished. Some 
 of our sick, and among the rest the captain, had, in this 
 interval, began to recover their strength, and our pro- 
 visions were fast decreasing. I mentioned the design I 
 had formed of quitting the habitation, with all those who 
 were capable of working the boat, to reconnoitre the 
 coast. This plan received universal approbation ; 'but 
 when we came to think of the means of executing it, a 
 new difficulty presented itself. This was, how to repair 
 the boat, which had been dashed by the sea upon the 
 sand with such fury that all her joints had opened. We 
 had plenty of tow for stopping the apertures, but unfor- 
 tunately were in want ,of pitch to cover it. And how 
 could we supply this deficiency ? We could not think 
 of any method, when it struck me, all at once, that we 
 might employ the balsam of Canada which we had 
 saved. It was easy to try ; I emptied a few boftles of 
 it into our iron pot, and sot it on a large fire ; taking it 
 
LOSS OP AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 137 
 
 off frequently to let it cool, I soon reduced the liquor 
 to a proper consistence. During this time rny compan- 
 ions had turned the boat and cleared her of sand and ice. 
 I directed the crevices to be stopped with tow, caulked 
 her with the balsam, and- 1 had the pleasure of seeing; 
 that it produced the effect to admiration. 
 
 This first success inspired us with a new ardour to 
 continue aur preparations. A piece of cloth, fastened 
 to a pole, in such a manner as to be raised or lowered 
 at pleasure, promised us a sail strong enough to velirvo, 
 with a gentle and favorable wind, the labor of the row- 
 ers. Among the crew few had sufficiently recovered 
 to support the fatigues which we foresaw would attend 
 this expedition. I was chosen to conduct it, together 
 w! f h the captain, the mate, two seamen, and my ser- 
 vant. The remainder of the provisions v/as divided, 
 according to the number of persons, into fo.'irtern equnl 
 shares, without reserving, on account of the exc<^ 
 labor we were about to undertake, a larger proportion 
 for ourselves than was allotted to those who were to re- 
 main quietly in the hut. 
 
 With this wretched allowance of a quarter of a po^r-iT 
 of beef a day, for six weeks, with a crazy boat, COV<T- 
 ed with a matter on which we couM not depend, \vl.i > !i 
 the least breath of wind might upset, and the smallest 
 rock dash to pieces, it was, that we had to attempt an 
 enterprise, the plan of which could have been inspir- 
 ed by blind despair alone. But we were at that point, 
 that there was less temerity in braving every possible 
 danger with the feeblest ray of hope, th?n in exposing 
 ourselves, by cowardly inactivity, to the almost 
 inevitable danger of perishing, abandoned by a!l 
 nature. 
 
 The year 1781 had just commenced. It was our in- 
 tention to set off the second of January, but a furious north- 
 west wind detained us till the afternoon of the fourth: 
 Its violence having then abated, we carried on board 
 our provisions, together with a few pounds of candles, 
 and all the litile articles that mi^ht be of service to us, 
 and took leave of our companions, in the cruel uncer- 
 tainty whether this might not be our last farewel. We 
 bad not Tn-ccee.ded above eicht mUes, when f *e tvr./i 
 
i38 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP: 
 
 turning to the southeast, checked our progress, and ob- 
 liged us to make, with our oars, towards a large bay 
 which offered as a favorable asylum for the night. 
 
 Our first care was to land our provisions, and to remove 
 the boat Tar enough upon the beach to prevent her being 
 damaged by the sea. We Wi3re then obliged to kindle a 
 fire, and to cut wood to keep it up till the next morning* 
 The smallest pine branches were' employed in forming 
 cur bed, and the largest in hastily erecting a kind of 
 wigwam, to secure ourselves as well as possible from 
 the seventy of the weather. 
 
 In taking our scanty repast I observed on the shore 
 several pieces of wood thrown upon it by the tide, and 
 which appeared to have been cut with a hatchet. I like- 
 wise saw some poles formed long since by the hand of 
 man, but we could not discover any marks of inhabit- 
 ants. At the distance of two miles was a hill bare of 
 trees, with some appearance of its having been cleared. 
 I prevailed on two of my companions to accompany me 
 thither before dark, that, from its summit, we might em- 
 brace a more extensive horizon. As we proceeded along 
 the bay we saw a Newfundland fishing boat, half burned 
 and the remaining part in the sand. This object afford- 
 ed us fresh .hopes, and we doubled our efforts to climb 
 the hill. Having arrived at the summit, how great was 
 our satisfaction to perceive some buildings on the other 
 side of it, at the distance of a mile at farthest. Not- 
 withstanding our fatigue, the interval which separated us 
 from them was soon gone over. We arrived palpitating 
 with hope and joy, but those pleasing emotions were in- 
 stantly dissipated. In vain we traversed all the build- 
 ings ; they were deserted. They had been erected for 
 the preparation of cod, and, according to all appearance, 
 had been abandoned several years before. The sad ter- 
 mination of this excursion tended, however, to confirm 
 us in the idea that we should find some habitations by 
 continuing our course round the island. 
 
 The wind, which had again shifted to the northwest, 
 detained us the next day, fearing to encountre the ice, 
 which it drifted in great quantities. For three days it con- 
 tinued with the same fury. Having awaked in the night, 
 I was astonished to hear its shrill whistling, not accozapa- 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 1^30 
 
 nied, as usual, by the hoarse noise of the wa^cs. I call- 
 ed the mate, and informed him of this phenomenon. 
 Being curious to ascertain the cause we ran towards the 
 shore, the moon's rays affording us light. As far as the 
 eye could reach their fatal lustre enabled us to perceive 
 the surface of the* water motionless beneath the chains of 
 the ice, which was piled up in different places in heaps 
 of prodigious height. It is impossible to describe the 
 sensation of tiespondency which overwhelmed our minds 
 at this sight. Unable to proceed farther on our expedi- 
 tion, or to return to our former cabin, which would have 
 defended us better from the redoubled severity of the 
 cold ! How lorg were we to continue in this dreadful 
 situation. 
 
 Two days elapsed amidst these gloomy reflections. 
 At length, on the 9th, the wind abated. It shifted the 
 following day to the southeast, and blew with such vio- 
 lence, that all the ice by which we were blocked up in 
 the bay, was broken to pieces with a great noise, and 
 driven out into the open sea, so that by four o'clock in 
 the afternoon there was none left, excepting along the 
 shore. 
 
 In breaking the chains which detained us, the tyrant 
 of the air forged others for us by his violence. It was 
 not till after two days that the wind abated. A light 
 breeze blowing along the shore, our boat was launched 
 .and the sail hoisted. We were already proceeding with 
 a favorable course, when at several leagues distance we 
 perceived an extremely elevated point of land. The 
 coast to that place appeared to form such a continued 
 chain of steep rocks, that it was impossible to attempt 
 a landing before we had doubled the distant cape. It 
 would, however, have been dangerous to risk so long a 
 course. The boat had sprung a leak, and two men were 
 constantly employed in bailing out the water, so that we 
 could use but two oars ; and the enfeebled state to which 
 we were reduced, by disappointment and the want of 
 food, scarcely allowed us to support that slight exertion. 
 What was to become of us if the wind should turn to the 
 northwest ? We m::?i infhlJlhly be dashed to 
 9 gainst the ro-' 
 
140 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 Fortunately the danger was no longer an object wor- 
 thy of our consideration, and the wind seconded our 
 perseverance so well, that we arrived at the cape abouk 
 eleven o'clock at night. The place not being- convenient 
 for a landing, we were obliged to coast along till two in 
 the morning, when the wind becoming more violent de- 
 prived us of the liberty of choosing a favorable spot ; we 
 were obliged to descend upon, or rather to cliihb, with 
 the utmost difficulty, up a rocky shore, without its being 
 possible for us to secure our boat from the waves, which 
 threatened her with destruction. 
 
 The place where we had landed was a bay of no great 
 depth, surrounded on the land side by inaccessible 
 heights, but exposed towards the sea to the northwest 
 wind, from which nothing could protect us. The wind 
 which rose on the 13th threw our boat upon a ledge of 
 the rocks and damaged her in several places. This e Oc- 
 cident was but a trifling prelude to new sufferings. Sur- 
 rounded by insurmountable rocks, which prevented us 
 from seeking shelter in the woods ; without any other 
 covering than our sail, stiff with ice ; buried for several 
 days beneath a deluge of snow, which was heaped 
 around us to the height of three feot ; we had nothing to 
 keep up our fire but the branches and fragments of trunks 
 of trees, thrown by accident upon the shore. This de- 
 plorable situation lasted till the 21st, when the weather 
 grew milder, but we were not able to take advantage of^ 
 it. How were we to repair our boat which had opened 
 in several places ? After reflecting on the various me- 
 thods that presented themselves to our minds, and r*v 
 iectirig them as impracticable, all our thoughts were di- 
 rected to seek our preservation in another quarter. 
 
 Though it was impossible to scale the wall of rocks, 
 which surrounded us on every side, and we were under 
 the necessity of renouncing the use of our boat, it came 
 iuio our minds that we might proceed along the shore, 
 by walking upon the ice, which had acquired sufficient 
 strength to bear our weight. The mate and I resolved 
 to make the experiment. We set off immediately, and 
 proceeding a few miles arrived at the mouth of a river, 
 bordered by a sandy beach, where we might have pre- 
 served cur boat and lived in neb less uncomfortably, had 
 
LOSS OP AN ENGLISH 8LCCP. 141 
 
 our good fortune at first conducted us thither. This dis- 
 covery, while it occasioned regret did not tend to in- 
 crease our hopes. It was, indeed, easy to penetrate in- 
 to the woods, but could we wander at random in a sav- 
 age country, in quest of an inhabited district ? How 
 were we to direct our course through the black gloom of 
 the forest ? and above all, how were we to get along 
 through the snow, with which the earth was covered to 
 the height of six feet, and which might be melted by the 
 first thaw ? 
 
 After consulting together on the subject of our return, 
 it was agreed that we had no other resource than to carry 
 on our backs the remainder of our provisions and useful 
 effects, and to proceed along the coast, where it was 
 most natural to expect to find any families of fishermen 
 or savages. The weather still seemed inclined to frost, 
 and the wind having swept into the sea the greatest part 
 of the sno\v which covered the ice upon the coast, we 
 flattered ourselves that we should walk ten miles a day 
 even in the state of languor and debility into which we 
 had fallen. 
 
 This resolution being unanimously adopted we had 
 soon completed the necessary preparations. We intend- 
 ed to set off on the morning of the 24th, but iii tfie 
 night which preceded it the wind suddenly shifted to the 
 southeast, accompanied with heavy rain ; so that in a 
 few hours, this crust of snow, which the day before ap- 
 peared so solid, was entirely dissolved, and the ice de- 
 tached from the shore. We had now no way of escap- 
 ing from this disastrous shore an which we were confin- 
 ed. During these painful reflections our eyes were 
 directed towards the boat, which we had frequently 
 been tempted to break up, in order to supply our fire, as 
 we could not expect to render her serviceable again. 
 We still had tow sufficient to stop the crevices, but the 
 balsam of Canada had been totally exhausted by our 
 daily repairs, and we were unable to contrive any sub- 
 stitute for it. 
 
 The frost, however, returned the next day. Its se- 
 verity caused mo, during the night, to conceive an idea, 
 which I hastened to put in execution as soon as daylight 
 appeared. This was to pour water upon the tow with 
 
14-2 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 which the crevices were filled, and to let It freeze I& 
 coating, to a certain thickness. My companions laughed 
 ;it. my scheme, and could not without reluctance, be pre- 
 vailed upon to assist me. But this simple method suc- 
 ceeded beyond my hopes ; all the apertures were so well 
 closed, that they were at length convinced that no v 
 could penetrate through them, as long as the frost con- 
 tinued to be equally severe. 
 
 We made a successful trial of it on the 27th. Though 
 the boat had become heavy and difficult to be managed, 
 by the quantity of ice with which it was covered, yet, in 
 the course of the day she proceeded twelve miles from 
 the place of our departure. This new service rendered 
 her more valuable in our eyes, and we took care to re- 
 move her on our oars to a place more favorable to her 
 security. A thick forest, situated near the spot, afforded 
 us two advantages, of which we had been deprived for 
 so many nights ; a slight shelter against the piercing wind, 
 and an abundance of wood to keep up a great fire, which 
 warmed us while we slept. This twofold enjoyment was 
 to us the height of pleasure. Our stock of tinder being 
 almost consumed, I was obliged to renew it by burning a 
 piece of my shirt, the same that I had worn ever since 
 the loss of my effects. 
 
 The following day a deluge of rain unfortunately melt- 
 ed all the ice from our boat, and we had the mortifica- 
 tion to lose the advantage of a fine day, which might 
 probably have forwarded us several miles on our waj\ 
 We resolved to wait the return of the frost, and what 
 augmented our impatience and regret, was, that our 
 provisions were now reduced to two pounds and an half 
 of beef to each man. 
 
 The frost not returning till the afternoon of the 29(h, 
 the delay unavoidably occasioned by our preparations 
 prevented us from proceeding above seven miles before 
 night. The succeeding day a very heavy gale, which 
 surprized us at the beginning of our route, obliged us to 
 land before we had gone more than two leagues. The 
 thaw kept us onshore tHl the day after the next, the 1st 
 of February, when an intense frost afforded us an oppor- 
 tunity of repairing our boat. But the pieces of floating 
 ice tt ere so large, that they constantly employed one o 
 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 143 
 
 us to break them with a pole ; and it was not without the 
 most fatiguing exertions that we proceeded five miles 
 before the close of day. 
 
 Our navigation was more fortunate on the 3d. The 
 wind blew in a direction as favorable as we could wish 
 Though the boat made some water, which employed 
 part of our hands in bailing out, we, at first, ran four 
 miles an hour with the assistance of our oars, and soon 
 afterwards five with our only sail. About two o'clock 
 in the afternoon, we were full in view of an elevated 
 cape, which we calculated to be only three leagues off, 
 But its prodigious height deceived us with regard to its 
 distance ; for it was almost dark before we reached it. 
 After doubling it. our course took a different direction 
 from what it had done, so that we were obliged to low- 
 er our sail and to take to our oars. The wind then be- 
 gan to blow from the shore. Our efforts to make head 
 against it were very feebte, and had it not been for a cur- 
 rent from the northeast, which assisted us to make some 
 opposition, we should have run the risk of being carried 
 irrecoverably into the open sea. 
 
 The coast being lined with rocks, was here too dan- 
 gerous to attempt to land ; we were obliged to row ajong 
 the rocks, amidst a thousand dangers, in the dark, till 
 live o'clock in the morning. Being then incapable, 
 from our exhausted state, of any I-'-r. rvr exertion, our 
 eyes were shut to the dangers of landing, and heaven 
 crowned our attempt v.ith success, without any oihrr 
 accident than having our boat thrown, half full of water, 
 upon the shore. The beginning of the wood was at no 
 great distance, yet we had great difficulty to crawl 
 to it, and make a fire to thaw our limbs and dry our 
 clothes. 
 
 Such was the drowsiness into which fatigue and \vafclr-~ 
 sng had plunged us, that it was impossible to refrain 
 from sleep when our fire began to light. We were ob- 
 liged to roiise each other alternately, in order to keep it 
 up, fearing lest it should go out while we were all to- 
 gether asleep, and we should be frozen to death in this 
 | lethargic state. 
 
 When I awoke I had occasion to convince myself, by 
 rvation which ! made on the shore, of the 
 
144 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 truth of what I had suspected by the way, namely, that 
 the elevated point of land which we had just doub- 
 led, was Cape North, in the island of Cape Breton, 
 which, Cape Roi, on the island of Newfoundland, marks 
 the entrance of the gulf of St. Laurence. 
 
 The pleasing certainty that we were on an inhabited 
 island would have flattered us with the hope of at last 
 meeting with assistance, by continuing our voyage, if 
 we had had any thing to subsist upon during the 
 time that it might last. Our provisions were nearly ex- 
 hausted, and this prospect filled us with despair. Noth- 
 ing but ideas of a speedy death, or the most horrible 
 means of defering it, presented themselves to our minds.. 
 When we cast our eyes upon one another, each seemed 
 ready to point out the victim whom it was necessary to 
 sacrifice to the hunger of his executioners. Some of 
 us had already agreed to commit the selection of the 
 object to the blind decision of the lot. Fortunately the 
 execution of this ..dreadful design was deferred till ih" 
 last extremity. 
 
 While my companions were employed in clearing the 
 boat of the sand with which the tide had filled her, and 
 in stopping the crevices, by pouring water upon the tow, 
 and leaving it to freeze, I walked along the shore with 
 the mate, in quest of oysters, of which we perceived a 
 great quantity of shells scattered up and down. Unfor- 
 tunately none of them were full. We should have con- 
 sidered it the height of good fortune to have met with 
 some carcases of wild beasts half devoured by birds of 
 prey ; but all these were now buried under the snow ; 
 there was nothing that could afford us even the vilest 
 food. It was not suiBcient that fate should have thrown 
 us upon a desert coast, but, to crown our miery, it had 
 chosen the most dreadful seaaon, when not only the 
 earth refused its productions for our subsistence, but 
 likewise when the animals inhabiting the t\vo elements 
 which nourish mankind had fied to their retreats, to pre- 
 serve themselves from the intense cold, which desolates 
 these inhospitable climates. 
 
 f should be afraid to excite too painful sensations in 
 those minds which our situation, till th'e present moment, 
 fias inspired >u-.h tender coaipasnon, if I were to paint 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOf. 145 
 
 in all their horror, the miseries we had to suffer during 
 (he following days. Reduced for our only nourishment 
 to dry fruits of sweet-brier, dug up from beneath the 
 snow, and a few tallow candles, which we had reserv- 
 ed for a last resource ; oppressed with fatigue at the least 
 exertion ; checked in our navigation by the ice, the rain, 
 or the winds ; sometimes animated with a faint hope to 
 be plunged soon afterwards in the abyss of despair ; 
 overwhelmed with the painful sensations of all these dis- 
 tresses, combined to crush us with their insupportable 
 weight every moment, both of the day and of the night ; 
 such was our state till the 17th, when completely ex- 
 hausted, we landed for the last time, resolved to perish 
 on the spot, if heaven should riot send us some unex- 
 pected relief. To place our boat in safety on the beach 
 would have been an undertaking too far beyond our 
 power. She was abandoned to the fury of the waves, 
 after we had sorrowfully taken out our implements and 
 sail, which served to cover us. Our first efforts were 
 employed in clearing the snow from the spot we had 
 fixed upon, to raise it all round in a sloping direction, 
 for the purpose of fixing in it branches of trees, intend- 
 ed to form a shelter ; lastly, in cutting and piling as 
 much wood as possible to keep up our fire, fearing lest 
 we should soon be unable to use our instruments. 
 
 A few handfuls of hips, boiled in snow water, were, 
 during the first days, the sole support of our miserable 
 lives. These began to fail us, and we thought ourselves 
 fortunate in being able to supply their place with the 
 marine plants which grew along the shore. After boil- 
 ing them several hours, during which they lost little of 
 their hardness, I put into the liquor one of the only two 
 candles we had left. This disgusting broth, and the 
 tough plants, at first appeased our hunger, but in a few 
 moments we were seized with a terrible reaching, with- 
 out having sufficient force to be able to clear our stom- 
 achs. This crisis lasted about four hours, after which we 
 were somewhat relieved, but fell into a state of absolute 
 debility. 
 
 We were, however, obliged the next day to have 
 reco'ir.se to the same nourishment, which operated as 
 before, only with rather Jess violence ; for this purpose 
 
1*6 &OS3 OP AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 we had used our last candle. We were compelled, for 
 three days, to be contented with the hard tough plants, 
 which made us reach every mouthful we took. At the 
 .same time our legs began to swell, and our whole bod- 
 ies became so bloated, that notwithstanding the little 
 flesh we had left, our fingers, with the smallest pressure 
 upon our skin, sunk to the depth of an inch, and the 
 impression remained an hour afterwards. Our eyes ap- 
 peared as if buried in deep cavities. Benumbed by the 
 internal dissolution of our blood, and by the intense 
 cold we endured, we had scarcely strength to crawl, by 
 turns, and revive our almost extinguished lire, or to 
 collect a few branches scattered upon the snow. 
 
 It was then that the remembrance of my father, 
 which had attended me amidst the greatest dangers, 
 combined with the idea of my death to fill my heart 
 \vith unusual emotion. I represented to myself that ten- 
 der parent, at first uneasy on my account, anxiously ex- 
 pecting to hear from me ; afterwards overwhelmed with 
 grief at seeing the time elapse without receiving any in- 
 telligence ; and at last condemned to bewail the loss of 
 Ins son, during all the days of his old age. I wept my- 
 jse'f at the thought of dying so far from his embrace, 
 without receiving his last benediction. These affecting 
 ideas, interrupted by the groans uttered around me, 
 v/cre succeeded by barbarous projects, with which the 
 natural instinct of life inspired me to support. The 
 wretched companions of my misfortune, whose exer- 
 tions had hitherto assisted me, now appeared only to be 
 a prey to satisfy my hunger ; and I read the same senti- 
 ments in their greedy looks. 
 
 I know not whither these ferocious dispositions w r ould 
 have led us, when suddenly the accents of a human 
 voice were heard in the forest. At the same instant we 
 discovered two Indians, armed with muskets, who 
 did not appear to have yet perceived us. This sudden 
 appearance reviving our courage, gave us strength to 
 rise and advance towards them with all the despatch we 
 were able. 
 
 As soon as they saw us they stopped, as if their feet 
 had been nailed to the ground. They looked steadfastly 
 at us, motionless with surprize and horror. Besides 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. l4V 
 
 the astonishment that must naturally have been excited 
 in them at the unexpected meeting with six strangers in 
 a desert corner of the island, our appearance alone was 
 sufficient to shock the most intrepid. Our clothes 
 hanging in rags, our ej r es concealed by the bloated prom- 
 inence of our livid cheeks, the monstrous bulk to which 
 all our limbs were swelled, our long and sha^sy beards, 
 our hair flowing in disorder down our shoulders, must, 
 altogether, have siven us a frightful appearance. How- 
 ever, as we advanced, a thousand agreeable sensations 
 were displayed in our countenances : some shed tear^, 
 and others laughed- for joy. Though these peaceable 
 signs were calculated, in some degree, to move the 
 fears of the Indians, the^^ did not yet manifest the 
 least inclination to approach us, and certainly the 
 disgust which our whole figure must have produced, 
 sufficiently justified their coldness. 1 therefore resolv- 
 ed to advance towards him who was nearest to me, 
 holding out one hand to him in a supplicating atti- 
 tude. He seized it and gave it a hearty shake, which is 
 the mode of salutation usual among these savages. 
 
 They then began to manifest some marks of com- 
 passion. I made a sign to them to come towards our 
 fire ; they accompanied us in silence, and sat down near 
 us. One of them, who spoke bad French, begged us, 
 in that language, to inform them whence we came, and 
 what accident had conducted us to that spot. 1 hasten- 
 ed to give him as brief an account as possible of the 
 misfortunes and sufferings we had experienced. As ho 
 seemed to be deeply affected by my narrative. I asked 
 him if he could furnish us with any provisions. He re- 
 plied in the affirmative ; but seeing that our fire was al- 
 most out, he rose abruptly and seized our hatchet, at 
 which he looked for a moment smiling, as I imagined, 
 at the bad condition in which it was. He threw it down 
 with a look of disdain, and took that which was by Lis 
 side. In a moment he had cut a reat quantity of 
 branches, which he threw upon our fire ; he then took 
 up his musket, and without saying a word, went awuy 
 with his companion. 
 
 Such a sudden retreat might have given uneasiness to 
 persons unacquainted with the humor of the Indians ; 
 
148 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 but I knew that these people seldom speak but when- 
 they see an absolute necessity for it. I did not, there- 
 fore, doubt but that they were gone to fetch us provis- 
 ions, and assured my alarmed comrades that we should 
 not be long before we saw them again. Notwithstand- 
 ing the distress in which we were for food, hunger was 
 not, at least with me, the most pressing want. The 
 good fire which the savages had made, crowned, at that 
 moment, all my desires, having passed so many days of 
 suffering, from intense cold, near the feeble flame of 
 our miserable fire. 
 
 Three hours had elapsed since the departure of the 
 Indians, and my afflicted companions began to lose ail 
 hope of seeing them again, when we perceived them 
 turning a projecting point of land, and rowing towards 
 us in a canoe of bark. They soon came on 
 shore, bringing a large piece of smoaked venison, and 
 a bladder filled with fish oil. They boiled the meat in 
 our iron pot with snow water, and when it was dressed 
 they took care to distribute it amongst us in very small 
 quantities, with a little oil, to prevent (he dangerous con- 
 sequences which might have resulted from our voracity 
 in the debilitated state to which our stomachs were 
 reduced. 
 
 Tiiis light repast being over, they made me embark 
 with two of my companions in their canoe, which was 
 too small to take us all at once. We were received 
 upon landing by three Indians and a dozen women 
 or children, who were waiting for us on the shore. 
 While those in the canoe returned to fetch the rest of 
 our company, the others led us towards their huts or 
 wigwams, three in number, constructed for the same 
 number of families, at the entrance of the forest. We 
 were treated by these good people with the kindest hos- 
 pitality ; they made us swallow a kind of broth, but 
 would no permit us, notwithstanding our intreaties, 
 to eat meat, or to take any other too substantial nour- 
 ishment. 
 
 I felt the sincerest joy when ihe canoe returned with 
 our three companions. Upon finding ourselves together, 
 among these savages, after only such a short separation. 
 >vc felt the sensations that are experienced by friends 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 149 
 
 from infancy, who, after having long sighed remote from 
 each other, at length find one another again in the bo- 
 som of their native land. The hut appeared to us the 
 abode of bliss. The transports to which we gave war, 
 Interested in our favor a very old woman, who testified 
 great curiosity to hear our adventures, f gave a more 
 circumstantial detail than before to the Indian who un- 
 derstood French, and he rendered it into his language 
 for the others. In the course of my narrative I had 
 occasion to observe, that the women were deeply affect- 
 ed by it, and grounded on this impression the hope of 
 favorable treatment during our stay. 
 
 Afier having satisfied the most pressing wants, our 
 thoughts were turned towards the unfortunate com- 
 rades, whom \ve had left behind at the place of our 
 shipwreck. The distress to which we had been so near 
 falling victims made me fear that their fate had been^lill 
 more wretched. However, if but one of them surviv- 
 ed I was determined to omit no exertion to save him. 
 I endeavored to describe to the savages, as well as I 
 was able, the quarter of the island, on which we had 
 been cast, and inquired whether it was not possible to 
 send thither some relief. 
 
 To the description I gave of the course of the neigh- 
 boring river, and of a small island to be seen at a little 
 distance from its mouth, they replied that they were 
 perfectly acquainted with the spot, that it was about one 
 hundred miles to it, by very difficult ways through the 
 woods ; that they must cross rivers and mountains to 
 arrive at it, and if they undertook the journey they 
 must expect some compensation for their fatigues. It 
 would have been unreasonable to require them to sus- 
 pend their hunting, their only means of supporting their 
 wives and children, to undertake the toilsome excursion 
 purely from a motive of benevolence towards stran- 
 gers. As to their account of the distance of the place 
 where we were wrecked, it did not appear exaggerated, 
 since I computed, by my own calculations, that our 
 course along the shore could not have been less than one 
 hundred and fifty mites. 
 
 I then told them what it had not before come into my 
 to mention, that I had money, and that if it was 
 N2 
 
: 1 50 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP 
 
 of any value in their eyes, I would employ part to pa;f 
 them for their trouble. They seemed perfectly satisfied 
 with the proposal, and asked to see my purse ; I took it 
 from my servant and shewed them the guineas which it 
 contained. At the sight of the gold I observed in their 
 countenances sensations which I should never have ex- 
 pected to meet with among a savage people ; the women 
 in particular eyed it with extreme avidity ; and when I 
 bad presented each of them with a guinea, they set up a 
 loud laugh, that being the way in which the Indians ex- 
 press extraordinary emotions of joy. 
 
 However exorbitant their pretentious might be, I de- 
 termined to spare nothing to save my countrymen, if 
 any of them were still alive. We, therefore, concluded 
 an agreement, by which they engaged to depart the fol- 
 lowing day, and I was to give them twenty-five guineas 
 before they set off, and the same sum upon their return. 
 They immediately fell to work to make shoes fit for 
 walking upon the snow, both for themselves and our 
 seamen, whom they were to bring back. Early the 
 next morning they departed, after receiving the stipulat- 
 ed sum. 
 
 From the moment the savages saw gold in ray pos- 
 session, my situation lost all the charms which it owed 
 to their hospitality. They became as rapacious as they 
 bad before been generous, requiring ten times the value 
 of the smallest articles with which they furnished my 
 companions and me. I was fearful tco lest this exces- 
 sive passion for money, which they had contracted from 
 their intercourse with the Europeans, should impel them 
 to rob us, and leave us in the same deplorable situation 
 from which we had been rescued by their assistance. 
 The only motive on which I grounded the hope of more 
 humane treatment was the religion they had embraced, 
 having been converted to Christianity by the French 
 Jesuits before this island was ceded to us together with 
 Canada. They shewed the strongest attachment to 
 their new faith, and frequently stunned us in the eve- 
 Ding by their doleful psalmody. My servant was a par- 
 ticular favorite with them all, because, being a Irish 
 Catholic, he joined their prayers, though he did nci 
 a single word of them. J much, doubt 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOfc; 151 
 
 whether they themselves could understand them, for 
 their singing, or rather shouting, was a confused jargon, 
 composed of bad French and their savage idiom, with 
 a few Latin phrases which they had learned from their 
 missionaries. 
 
 We were many days before we recovered our strength, 
 or were capable of digesting any substantial food. The 
 only nourishment the Indians could procure us was elk's 
 flesh and seal-oil, upon which they live entirely during tfce 
 hunting season. 
 
 Though the remembrance of so many past miseries 
 caused us to bless the change in our situation, ami re- 
 r.onciled us to our residence among the savages, yet I 
 felt very anxious to leave them, on account of the des- 
 patches with which I had been intrusted, and which 
 might be of the greatest importance to the public ser- 
 vice ; and the more, as I could not be ignorant that the 
 duplicate was lost in the wreck of the brig. But I was 
 still so weak, that, for some time, I found it impossible 
 to take the least exercise, and experienced, as well as 
 the companions of my misfortunes, how difficult it 
 is to recover from such a rude attack upon the con- 
 stitution. 
 
 After an absence of about a fortnight, the Indians 
 returned with three of our people, being all that death 
 had spared out of the eight persons whom I had left 
 behind at the hut. They informed us, that after con- 
 suming all their provisions, they had subsisted several 
 days on the skin of the elk which we had disdained to 
 share with them ; that the latter resource being exhaust- 
 ed, three had died of hunger, and that the others had 
 been reduced to the horrible necessity of feeding on the 
 dead bodies till the arrival of the Indians ; that one of 
 the five who remained had given way with so much 
 imprudence to his voracity, that he died in a few hours, 
 amidst, inexpressible torments ; and that another had 
 accidentally killed himself in handling the arms of one 
 of the savages. Thus our company, consisting at first 
 of nineteen persons, was reduced to nine ; and I won- 
 der, whenever I think of it, that a single individual es- 
 caped; after having had to contend, for the space a? 
 
152 LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 
 
 three months, with all the complicated hardships of cold, 
 hunger, and fatigue. 
 
 Our impaired strength kept us in the dismal place a 
 fortnight longer, during which 1 was obliged, as before, 
 to pay the most exorbitant price for our food and our 
 smallest wants. At the end of that time, rinding my 
 health somewhat re-established, and iny purse almost 
 empty, I conceived myseif obliged to sacrifice my per- 
 sonal comfort to iny duty to the service, and resolved 
 to proceed with my depatclies to General Clinton, with 
 all possible expedition, though this, of all the seasons of 
 the year, was the least proper for travelling. I there- 
 fore hired two Indians to take me to Halifax for forte 
 guineas, which I engaged to pay them upon my arrival 
 there. I farther took upon myself to furnish them by 
 the way with every kind of provisions, and suitable re- 
 freshments, in the inhabited parts through which we 
 might pass. Some of the other Indians were to conduct 
 the rest of our comp?oiy to a settlement on a Spanish 
 river, where they were to remain till the spring to wait 
 for an opportunity of proceeding to Halifax by sea. I fur- 
 nished the captain with all the money necessary for his 
 subsistence, and that of his men, for which he gave me 
 a bill on his owner at New-York. The latter was not 
 ashamed to refuse to pay it, under the pretext, thatas the 
 slup was lost, neither the captain nor the crew could 
 have any claim upon him. 
 
 I set off on the 2d of April, accompanied by two In- 
 dians, my servant, and Mr. Winslow, a young passen- 
 ger in our ship, and one of the three survivers at the 
 hut. We each carried with us four pair of Indian shoes, 
 a pair of snow shoes, and provisions for a fortnight. 
 We arrived that evening at a place, called by the Eng- 
 lish Broad Oar, where a snow-storm detained us the 
 whole of the following day. We set oif again on the 
 4th, and after a march of about fifteen miles arrived on 
 the banks of a beautiful salt-water Jake, called the lake 
 of St Peter, one end of which communicates with the 
 sea. Here we met with two Indian families that were 
 going a hunting, I purchased of (hem, for four guineas, 
 a bark canoe, which my guides informed me would very 
 often be necessary for crossing certain parts of the lake 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 15$ 
 
 that are never frozen. As in other parts we should 
 have to travel upon the ice, I was likewise obliged to 
 buy two sledges to place the boat upon, and to draw it 
 after us. 
 
 Having enjoyed two days repose, and procuring a 
 fresh supply of provisions, we resumed our march o 
 the 7th, proceeding several miles along the bank of 
 the lake ; but the ice being bad, we were obliged to quit 
 that route and take another through the woods. The 
 snow was there six feet deep ; a thaw, accompanied 
 with rain, which came on the next day, rendered it so 
 soft that it was no longer possible to walk upon its sur- 
 face. We were, therefore, obliged to stop. A large 
 re, a commodious wig\vam, arid abundance of provis- 
 ions, assisted us to endure this disagreeable delay, with- 
 out entirely dissipating our inquietudes. The winter 
 was too far advanced for us to hope to travel much long- 
 er upon the snow, without the accidental return of the 
 frost ; and should it not return again, the only thing we 
 could do, was to wait till the lake should be entirely 
 cleared of the ice, and thus we might be detained a 
 fortnight or three weeks longer. In this case our situation 
 was likely to become as unfortunate as that to which v, e 
 had been reduced by our shipwreck, excepting that 
 the weather was less severe, that we v- ere rather better 
 supplied with provisions, and had at leas>t arms to recruit 
 our stock. 
 
 The frost fortunately rciured on the 12th, and we 
 resolved to take advantage of it the next clay. We 
 that day proceeded six leagues, sometimes on floating 
 ice, and sometimes in (he canoe. On the 14th our pro- 
 visions being almost consumed, I proposed to go in pur- 
 suit of game, which appeared to abour.d in this district, 
 The savages, in gf > ; k only en the wants of the 
 
 day, without troubling themselves about those of the 
 morrow. This foresight might, however, have proved 
 very essential; since a sudden thaw might have pre- 
 vented us from going out. I went into the woods with 
 one of my guides, and we soon discovered the traces 
 of an elk, which my Indian killed after an hours's pur- 
 suit. He opened him with much dexterity, caught the 
 blood in a bladder, and cut up the body into large 
 
154 LOSS OK AN EN6LISH SLOOP. 
 
 quarters, part of which we carried on our shoulders to 
 the canoe, sending the other Indian, my servant, and 
 -Mr. Winslow for the remainder. This expedition pro- 
 cured us a sufficient stock of provisions to remove any 
 apprehension of want, even in case a sudded thaw pre- 
 vented us from continuing our route on the lake, or ia 
 the woods. 
 
 We departed early in the morning of the 15th, and 
 that day went six leagues, which so diminished OUF 
 strength, alreadly exhausted by long hardships, that it 
 was impossible to proceed the next day. We were 
 detained by fatigue till the J 8th, when we resumed our 
 journey in the same manner, that is, partly on the float- 
 ing ice, and partly in the canoe, in those places where the 
 lake was not frozen. 
 
 I then had an opportunity to notice the beauties of 
 the lake, one of the finest that I have seen in America, 
 though the season was not calculated to shew it to ad- 
 vantage. It is covered with an infinite number of small 
 islands, dispersed over its surface, which gave it a great 
 resemblance to the celebrated lake of Killarney, and the 
 other fresh-water lakes of Ireland. No settlement has 
 ever been made on these islands, though the soil ap- 
 pears fertile, and the residence upon them would be 
 delightful in summer, were it possible to procure fresh- 
 water, of which they are entirely destitute ; and 
 this is doubtless the reason why they are not in- 
 habited. 
 
 If the ice of the lake had been uninterrupted, and 
 more solid, we should have saved much time and trouble 
 by proceeding directly from point to point, from one 
 island to another, instead of being obliged to make a 
 long circuit at every bay we came to. 
 
 On the 20th we arrived at St. Peter's, a place where 
 there is a settlement of a few English and French fami- 
 lies. I am bound in gratitude to make mention here of 
 Mr. Cavanagh, an English merchant, who received us 
 with every kind of civility, and who, being informed of 
 my misfortunes, had the confidence to advance me two 
 hundred pounds sterling, for a bill of exchange which I 
 gave him on my father, though our name was uttprly 
 unknown to him. 
 
LOSS OF AN ENGLISH SLOOP. 155 
 
 At St. Peter's I should have hired a fishing-boat to 
 repair to Halifax, but for the apprehension of falling into 
 the hands of the American privateers, with which those 
 seas were then infested. The lake being in this place 
 separated from the sea by a forest about a mile broad, 
 we had only to drag our canoe that distance, in order to 
 reach the coast and embark. After stopping the follow- 
 ing days in different places of little consequence, we 
 arrived on the 25th at Narrashoe, where we were receiv- 
 ed with the same hospitality as at St. Peter's. "\Ve left 
 it on the 26th, in our canoe, to repair to Isle Madame, 
 situated about (he middle of die streights of Canceau, 
 which separate Cape Breton from Nova Scotia : but at 
 the point of that island we discovered such a prodigious 
 quantity of floating ice, that it would have been the 
 height of imprudence to venture our Iceble bark among 
 it. We therefore returned to Narrashoe, where I hir- 
 ed a vessel capable of resisting its violence. I ordered 
 the canoe to be taken on board, and on the 27th, with 
 the assistance of the most favorable wind, we crossed 
 the Streights in three hours, and landed at Canceau, 
 which gives name to them. At length, after a naviga- 
 tion of ten days along the coast, our canoe brought us in 
 safety into the harbor of Halifax. 
 
 The Indians having received the sum we had agreed 
 upon, and the presents with which I endeavored to sat- 
 isfy my gratitude towards those to whom 1 owed the 
 preservation of my life, left us in a few days to return 
 to their island. As I was obliged to wait a considerable 
 time longer for a vessel, I had, during that interval, the 
 satisfaction to be joined by my companions in misfor- 
 tune, whom the other Indians had undertaken to con- 
 duct by Spanish River. At last, after waiting t\vo 
 months, I embarked in the ship called the Royal Oak, 
 and arrived at New-York, where I delivered my dis- 
 patches to feaeral Clinton in a very tattered condition. 
 
IKE LOSS OF 
 
 HIS MAJESTY'S SHIP CENTAUR, 
 
 OF SEVENTY-FOUUR GUNS, SEPTEMBER 23, 1782 ; 
 
 d the Miraculous Preservation of the Pinnace, nith the 
 Captain, Master, and Ten of the Crew. 
 
 (By Captain Inglejield.) 
 
 the decisive engagment in the West-In- 
 dies, on the glorious 12th of April, 1782, when the 
 French fleet under Count de Grasse was defeated by 
 Admiral Sir George Rodney, several of the captured 
 ships, besides many others, were either lost or disabled, 
 on their homeward bound passage, with a large convoy. 
 Among those lost was the Centaur of Severity four guns, 
 whose commander, Captain Ingiefield, with the master 
 and ten of the crew, experienced a most providential 
 escape from the general fate. 
 
 The captain's narrative affords the best explanation of 
 the manner and means by. which this signal deliverance 
 was effected. Those only who are personally involved 
 in such a calamity can describe their sensations with 
 full energy, and furnish, in such detail, those traits of 
 the heart which never fail to interest. 
 
 The Centaur (says Captain Ingiefield) left Jamaica in 
 rather a leaky condition, keeping two hand-pumps going^ 
 and when it blew fresh, sometimes a spel! with a 
 chain-pump was necessary. But I had no apprehension 
 that the ship was not able to encounter a common gale 
 of wind. 
 
LOSS OF THE CENTAUR. 127 
 
 In the evening of the 1 6th of September, when the fatal 
 gale came on, the ship was prepared for the worst weath- 
 er usually met in those latitudes, the main-sail was reef- 
 ed and set, the top-gallant masts struck, and the mizen- 
 yard lowered down, though at that time it did not blow 
 very strong. Towards midnight it blew a gale of wind, 
 and the ship made so much water that I was obliged to 
 turn all hands up to spell the pumps. The leak still in- 
 creasing, I had thoughts to try the ship before the sea, 
 Happy I should have been, perhaps, had I in this been 
 determined. The impropriety of leaving the convoy, 
 except in the last extremity, and the hopes of the weath- 
 er growing moderate, weighed against the opinion that it 
 was right. 
 
 About two in the morning the wind lulled, and we 
 flattered ourselves the gale was breaking, b'oon after 
 we had much thunder and lightning from the south-east, 
 with rate, when it began to blow strong in gusts of wind, 
 which obliged me to haul the ir.ain-sail up, the ship be- 
 ing then under bare poles. This was scarcely done, 
 when a gust of wind, exceeding i n violence any thing of 
 the kind I had ever seen or had any conception of, laid 
 the ship upon her beam ends. The water forsook the 
 hold and appeared between decks, so as to fill the ITH iTs 
 hammocks to leeward: the ship lay motionless, and to 
 all appearance irrecoverably overset. The water in- 
 creasing fast, forced through the cells of the ports, and 
 scuttled in the ports from the pressure of the ship. I 
 
 immediate directions to cut away the main and 
 mizen masls, hoping when the ship righted, to wear her. 
 The mi zen mast went first, upon cutting one or two of 
 the lanyards, without the srpallest eflect on the ship; 
 the main-mast followed, upon cuttiug the lanyard of one 
 ehroud; and I had the disappointment to see the fore- 
 mast and bowsprit follow. The ship upon this immedi- 
 ately righted, but with great violence; and the motion 
 AVOS so quick, that it was difficult for the people to \vork 
 the pumps. Three guns broke loose upon the main- 
 
 . and it was some time before they were secured. 
 
 ;-?iI m^n being maimed in this attempt, every move- 
 *V>]e was destroys:.!, either from the shot thrown loose 
 
 r.:e i'xV -s. or the wreck of the deck. Tlue ofll- 
 O 
 
**58 LOSS OF TIfE CENTAUR. 
 
 cers, who had left their beds naked, when the ship over- 
 set in the morning, had not an article of clothes to 
 put on, nor could their friends supply them. 
 
 The masts had not heen over 4he sides ten minutes 
 before I was informed the tiller had broken short in the 
 rudder-head; and before the chocks could be placed, 
 the rudder itself was gone. Thus we were as much 
 disastered as it was possible, lying at the mercy of the 
 wind and sea: yet I had one comfort, that the pumps, 
 if any thing, reduced the water in the hold ; and as the 
 morning came on (the 17th) the weather grew more 
 moderate, the wind having shifted, in the gale, to north- 
 west-. 
 
 At day-light I saw two line of battle ships to leeward; 
 one had lost her fore-mast and bowsprit, the other her 
 main-mast. It was the general opinion on board the 
 Centaur, that the former was the Canada, the other the 
 Clorieux. The Ramilies was not in sight, nor more than 
 fifteen sail of merchant ships. 
 
 About seven in i^e morning I saw another line of bat- 
 lie ship ahead of us, which 1 soon distinguished to be the 
 Ville de Paris, with all her masts standing. I immedi- 
 ately gave orders to make the signal of distress, hoist- 
 ing the ensign on the stump of the mizen-mast, union 
 downwards, and firing one of the forcastle guns. The 
 ensign blew away soon after it was hoisted, and it was 
 the only one we had remaining; but I had the sa*:sfao 
 tion to see the Ville de Paris wear and stand towards us. 
 Several of the merchant ships also approached us, and 
 those that could, hailed, and offered their assistance ; 
 but depending upon the King's ship, I only thanked 
 them, desiring, if they joined Admiral Graves, to ac- 
 quaint him of our condition. I had riot the smallest 
 doubt but the Ville de Paris was conmig to us, as she 
 appeared to us not to have suffered in the least by the 
 storm, and having seen her wear, we knew she was un- 
 der government of her helm: at this time also, it was so 
 moderate that the merchantmen set their top-sails, but 
 approaching within two miles, she passed us to wind- 
 ward ; this being observed by one of the merchant ships, 
 L; he wore and came under our stern, offering to carry 
 any message to her. I desired the m^ttr would ac* 
 
LOSS OF THE CENTAUR. 1 "? 
 
 quaint Captain Wilkinson that the Centaur had lost her 
 rudder, as well as her masts ; that she made a great 
 deal of water, and that I desired he w*uld remain with 
 her until the weather grew moderate. I saw tho KB 
 ehantman approach afterwards near enough to speak to 
 the Ville de Paris, but I am afraid that her condition was 
 much worse than it appeared to be, as she continued up- 
 on that tack. In the mean time all the quarter-deck 
 guns were t-irown overboard, and all but six, which had 
 overset, off Ihe main deck. The ship, lying in the 
 trough of t; e sea, labored prodigiously. I got over 
 one of the small anchors, with a boom and several gun 
 carnages, veering out from the head-door by a large 
 hawser, to keep the ship's bow to the sea ; but 
 this, with a top-gallant-sai! upon the stump ofthemizen- 
 mast. had not the desired effect, 
 
 As the evening came on it grew hazy, and ble'v 
 strong in squalls. We lost sight of the Ville de Paris, 
 but I lf.-t'.;:>:t it :\ < < ;!.Infy Hint we should sec her the 
 next morning. The ni^ht was passed in constant labor 
 at the pump. Sometimes the wind lulled, and the wa- 
 ter diminished; when it blew strong again, the sea rising, 
 the water again increased. 
 
 Towards the morning of the 18th I was informed 
 there was seven feet water upon the kelson ; that one 
 of the winches was broken ; that the two spare ones 
 would not fit, and that the hand-pumps were choked. 
 These circumstances were sufficiently alarming ; but 
 upon opening the after-hold, to get some ruin up for the 
 people, -we found our condition much more so. 
 
 It will be necessary to mention, that the Centaur's af- 
 ter-hold was inclosed by a bulk-head at the after part of 
 the well ; here all the dry provisions, and the ship's rum 
 were stowed upon twenty chaldrons of coal, which un- 
 fortunately had been started on this part of tin? ship, and 
 by them the pumps were continually choked. The ch?in- 
 puinps were so much worn as to be of little usr ; and 
 the leathers, which, had the well been clear, would have 
 lasted twenty days, or more, were all consumed in eight. 
 At this time it was observed, that the water had wot a 
 passage to the well, for there was so much, th 
 washed against the orlop-deck. All the rum, twenty-six 
 
160 LOSS OP THE CENTAUR. 
 
 puncheons ; and all the provisions, of which there was 
 sufficient for two months, in casks, were staved, having 
 floated with violence, from side to side, until there was 
 not a whole cask remaining : even the staves that were 
 found upon clearing the hold, were most of them broken 
 in two pieces. In the fore-hold we had a prospect of 
 perishing: should the ship swim, we had no water but 
 what remained in the ground tier ; and over this all the 
 wet provisions, and butts filled with salt-water, were 
 floating, and with so much motion, that no man could 
 with safety go into the hold. There wa* nothing left 
 for us to try, but bailing with buckets at the fore-hatch- 
 way and fish room ; and twelve large canvas buckets 
 were immediately employed at each. On opening the 
 fish room we were so fortunate as to discover, that two 
 puncheons of rum, which belonged to me, had escaped. 
 They were immediately got up, and served out at 
 times in drams ; and had it not been for this relief, arid 
 some lime juice, the people would have dropped. 
 
 We soon found our account in bailing ; the spare 
 pump had been put down the fore hatchway, and a 
 pu: :-> shifted to the fish room; but the motion of the 
 ship ha<; washed the coals so small, that they had reach- 
 ed every part of the ship, and the pumps were soon 
 clicked. However, the water by noon had considerably 
 diminished by working the buckets ; but there appeared 
 no prospect of saving the shin, if the gale continued. 
 The labor was to great to hold out without water ; yet 
 the people worked without a murmur, and indeed with 
 cheerfulness. 
 
 At this time the weather was more moderate, and a 
 couple of spars were got ready for shears to set up a 
 jury fore- mast ; but as the evening came on, the gale 
 again increased. We had seen nothing this day but the 
 sliip that had lost her main mast, and she appeared to 
 be as much in want of assistance as ourselves, having 
 fired guns of distress ; and before night I was told her 
 fore-mast was gone. 
 
 The Centaur labored so much, that I had scarcely i 
 hope she could swim till morning. However, by great 
 exertion of the chain pumps and bailing, we held our 
 own, but our sufferings for want of water were very 
 
LOSS OF THE CENTAUR. 161 
 
 gr^at, and many of the people could not be restrained 
 from drinking salt-water. 
 
 At daylight (the 19th) there was no vessel in sight ; 
 and flashes from guns having been seen in the night, we 
 feared the ship we had seen the preceding day had foun- 
 dered. Towards ten o'clock in the forenoon the weath- 
 er grew more moderate, the water diminished in the 
 hold, and the people were encouraged to redouble their 
 efforts to get the water low enough to break a cask of 
 fresh water out of the ground tier ; and some of the 
 most resolute of the seamen were employed in the 
 attempt. At noon we succeeded with one cask, which, 
 though Jittle, was a seasonable relief. All the officers, 
 passengers, and boys, who were not of the profession of 
 seaman, had been employed thrumming a saif, which 
 was passed under the ship's bottom, and I thought it had 
 some effect. The shears were raised for the foremast; 
 the weather looked promising, the sea fell, and at night 
 we were able to relieve at the pumps and bailing every 
 two hours. By the morning of the 20th the fore-hold 
 was cleared of the water, and we had the comfortable 
 promise of a fine day. It proved so, and I was deter- 
 mined to make use of it with every possible exertion. 
 I divided the ship's company, with the officers attending 
 them, into parties, to raise the jury fore-mast ; to heave 
 over the lower-deck guns ; to clear the wrecks of the 
 fore and after holds : to prepare the machine foi steering 
 the ship, and to work the pumps. By night the after- 
 hold was as clear as when the ship was launched ; for, 
 to our astonishment, there was not a shovel of coals 
 remaining, twenty chaldrons having been pumped out 
 since the commencement of the gale. What I have cal- 
 led the wreck of the hold, \vas the bulk heads of the 
 after hold, fish room, and spirit rooms. The standards 
 of the cock-pit, and immense quantity of staves and 
 wood, and part of the lining of the ship, were thr \ ii 
 over-board, that if the water should ag^in appear in the 
 hold, we might have no impediment in bailing. All the 
 guns were overboard, the fore-mast secured, and the 
 machine, which was to be similar to that with which the 
 Ipswich was steered, was in great forwardness ; so 
 that J was in hopes, the moderate weather continuing 
 OS 
 
162 LOSS OP THE CENTAUR. 
 
 that I should be able to steer the ship by noon the fol- 
 lowing day, and at least save the people on some of the 
 Western Islands. Had we had any other ship in compa- 
 ny with us I should have thought it my duty to have 
 quitted the Centaur this day. 
 
 Tliis night the people got some rest by relieving the 
 watches ; but in the morning of the 21st we had the 
 mortification to find that the weather again threatened, 
 and by noon it blew a gale. The ship labored greatly, 
 and the water appeared in the fore and after-hoTd, and 
 increased. The carpenter also informed me that the 
 leathers were nearly consumed ; and likewise that 
 the chains of the pumps, by constant exertion, and 
 the friction of the coals, were considered as nearly 
 useless. 
 
 As we had now no other resource but bailing, I gave 
 orders that scuttles should be cut through the decks to 
 introduce more buckets in the hold ; and all the sail- 
 makers were employed, night and day, in making can- 
 vas buckets: and the orlop deck having fallen in on the 
 larboard side, I ordered the sheet cable to be roused 
 overboard. The wind at this time was at west, and 
 being on the larboard tack, many schemes had been 
 practiced to wear the ship, that we might drive into a 
 less boisterous latitude, as well as approach the Western 
 Islands ; but none succeeded : and having a weak car- 
 penter's crew, they were hardly sufficient to attend the 
 pumps ; so that we could not make any progress 
 with the steering machine. Another sail had been 
 thrummed and got over, but we did not find its use ; 
 indeed there was no prospect but in a change of weath- 
 er. A large leak had been discovered and stopt in the 
 fore-hold and another in the lady's hole, but the ship 
 appeared so weak from her laboring, that it was clear 
 she could not last long. The after cock-pit had fallen 
 in, the fore cock-pit the same, with ail the store rooms 
 down ; the stern post wa^s so loose, that as the ship roll- 
 ed, the water rushed in on either side in great streams, 
 which we could not stop. 
 
 Night came on, with the same dreary prospect as on . 
 the proceeding, and was passed in continual efforts of 
 labor. Morning came, (the 22d), without our seeing 
 
LOSS 0V THE CENTAUR. 163 
 
 any tiring, or any change of weather, and the day was 
 spent with the same struggles to keep the ship above 
 water, pumping and bailing at the hatchways and scut- 
 tles. Towards night another of the chain pumps wa= 
 rendered quite useless, by one of the rollers being dis- 
 placed at the bottom of the pump, and this was without 
 remedy, there being too much water in the well to get 
 to it : we also had but six leathers remaining, so that the 
 fate of the ship was not far off. Stiil the labor went on 
 without any apparent despair, every officer taking his 
 share of it, and the people were always cheerful and 
 obediant. 
 
 During the night the water increased : but about 
 seven in the morning of the 23d I was told that an unu- 
 sual quantity of water appeared, all at once, in the fore 
 bold, which, upon my going forward to be convinced, 
 I found but too true ; the stowage of the hold ground- 
 tier was all in motion, so that in a short time there was 
 not a whole cask to be seen. We were convinced the 
 ship had sprung a fresh leak. Another sail had been 
 thrumming all night, and I was giving directions to place 
 it over the bows, when I perceived the thip settling by 
 the head, the lower deck bow-ports being even with 
 the water. 
 
 At this period the carpenter acquainted me the well 
 was staved in, destroyed by the wreck of the hold, and 
 the chain pumps displaced and totally useless. There 
 was nothing left but to redouble our efforts in bailing, but 
 it became difficult to fill the buckets, from the quantity of 
 staves, planks, anchor stock, and yard arm pieces, 
 which were now washed from the wings, and floating 
 from side to side with the motion of the ship. The pec- 
 pie, till this period, had labored, as if determined to con- 
 quer their difficulties, without a murmur or without a 
 tear ; but now seeing their efforts useless, many of 
 them burst into tears and wept like children. 
 
 I gave orders for the anchors, of which we had two 
 remaining, to be thrown overboard, one of which, (the 
 spare anchor,) had been most surprisingly hove in upon, 
 the forecastle and mid ships, when the ship had been 
 her bea?nends, and gone through the deck, 
 
164 LOSS OP THE CENTAUR, 
 
 Every time that I visited the hatch-way I observed 
 the water increased, and at noon washed even with the 
 orlop deck : the carpenter assured me the ship could not 
 swim long, and proposed making rafts to float the ship's 
 company, whom it was not in my power to encourage 
 any longer with a prospect of their safety. Some ap- 
 peared perfectly resigned, went to their hammocks and 
 desired their messmates to lash them in ; others were 
 lashing themselves to gratings and small rafts ; but the 
 most predominant idea was, that of putting on their best 
 and pleanest clothes. 
 
 The weather, about noon, had been something mode- 
 rate, and as rafts had been mentioned by the carpenter, 
 I thought it right to make the attempt, though I knew 
 pur booms could not float half the ships company in fine 
 weather ; but we were in a situation to catch at a straw. 
 I therefore called the ship's company together, told them 
 my intention, recommending to them to remain regular 
 and obedient to their officers. Preparations were imme- 
 diately made to this purpose ; the booms were cleared ; 
 the boats, of which we had three, viz. cutter, pinnace, 
 and five-oared yawl, were got over the side ; a bag of 
 bread was ordered to be put in each, awd any liquors 
 that could be got at, for the purpose of supplying the 
 rafts. I had intended myself to go in the five oared 
 yawl, and the coxswain was desired to get any thing 
 from my steward that might be useful. Two men, cap- 
 tains of the tops, of the forecastle, or quarter-masters, 
 were placed in each of them, to prevent any person from 
 forcing the boats, or getting into them until an arrange- 
 ment was made. - WJjile these preparations were mak- 
 ing, the ship was gradually sinking, the orlop decks hav- 
 ing been blown up by the water in the hold, and the cables 
 floated to the gun deck. The men had some time quit- 
 ed their employ meat, of bailing, and the ship was left 
 to her fate. 
 
 In the afternoon the weather again threatened, and 
 blew strongly in squalls ; the sea ran high, and one of 
 the boats (the yawl) was slaved along-side and sunk. As 
 the evening approached, the ship appeared little more 
 than suspended in water. There was no certainty that 
 she would swim from one minute to another; and 
 
LOSS OF THE CENTAUR. 16u 
 
 the love of life, which I believe never shewed itself later 
 in the approach to death, began now to level all distinc- 
 tions. It was impossible, indeed, for any man to de- 
 ceive himself with a hope of beircr; saved upon a raft in 
 such a sea; besides that, the ship in sinking, it was 
 probable, would carry every thing down with her in a 
 vortex, to a certain distance. 
 
 It was near five o'clock, when, coining from my 
 cabin, I observed a number of people looking very anx- 
 iously over the side ; and looking over myself, I saw 
 that several men had forced the pinnace, and that more 
 were attempting to g*t in. I had in mediate thoughts of 
 securing this boat before she might be sunk by numbers. 
 There appeared not more than a moment for considera- 
 tion ; to remain and perish with the ship's company, to 
 whom I could not be of use any longer, or seize the 
 opportunity, which seemed the only way of escaping:, 
 and leave the people, with whom I had been so well 
 satisfied on a variety of occasions that I thought I could 
 give my life to preserve them. This, indeed, was a 
 painful conflict, such as, I believe, no man can decribc, 
 nor any have a just idea of who has not been in a simi- 
 lar situation. 
 
 The love of life prevailed. I called to Mr. Rainy, 
 the master, the only officer upon deck, desired him to 
 follow me, and immediately descended into the boat 
 ?.t the after part of the chains, but not without great 
 difficulty got the boat clear of the ship, twice the num- 
 ber that the boat would carry pushing to get in, and many 
 jumping into the waler. Mr. Bayiis, a young gentle- 
 man fifteen years of age, leaped from the chains, after 
 the boat had got off, and was taken in. The boat 
 falling astern, became exposed to the sea, and we en- 
 deavored to poll her bow round to keep her to the 
 break of the sea, and to pass to windward of the ship ; 
 but in the attempt she was nearly filled, the sea ran too 
 high, and the only probability of living was keeping her 
 before the wind. 
 
 It was then that I became sensible how little, if any, 
 better our condition v;as than that of those who remain- 
 ed in the ship ; at best, it appeared to be only a prolong- 
 ation of a miserable existence. We were, all togeth- 
 
166 lOSS OF THE CENTAUR. 
 
 er, twelve in number, in a I.eaky boat, with one of the 
 gunwales staved in nearly the middle of the Western 
 Ocean, without a compass, without quadrant, without 
 sail, without great coat or cloak, all very thinly clothed, 
 in a gale of wind, with a great sea vanning ! It was 
 now five o'clock in the evening, ruv.l in half an hour 
 we lost sight of the ship. Before it vras dark a blanket 
 was discovered in the boat. This was immediately bent to 
 one of the stretches, and under it, as a sail, we scudded 
 all night, in expectation of being swallowed up by every 
 wave, it being with great difficulty that we could some- 
 times clear the boat of the water, before the -return of 
 the next great sea ; all of us half drowned, and sitting, 
 except those who baled, at the bottom of the boat; and, 
 without having really perished, I am sure no people 
 ever endured more. In the morning the weather grew 
 moderate, the wind having shifted to the southward, as 
 we discovered by the sun. Having survived the night, 
 we began to recollect ourselves, and to think of our 
 future preservation. 
 
 When we quitted the ship the wind was at N. W. '0,r 
 N. N. W. Fayalhad borne B. S. E. 250 or 260 leagues. 
 Had the wind continued for five or six day^ there \$b$ 
 a probability that running before the sea^v^ might have 
 fallen in with some one of the Western glands. The 
 change of wind was death to these hopes ; for, should it 
 come to blow, we knew there would be no -preserving 
 life, but by running before the sea, which would carry 
 us again to the northward, where we must soon after- 
 wards perish. 
 
 Upon examining wiiat we had to subsist on, I found a 
 bag of bread, a small ham, a single piece of pork, two 
 quart bottles of water, and a few of French cordials. 
 The wind continued to the southward for eight ojv nine 
 days, and providentially never blew so strong but that 
 we could keep the side of the boat to the sea : but we 
 were always most miserably w r et and cold. . We kept a 
 sort of reckoning, but the sun and stars being some- 
 what hidden from us, for twenty-four hours, w r e had no 
 very correct idea of our navigation. We judged, that 
 we had nearly an E. N. E. course since the' first 
 night s's run, which had carried us to the S, E. and 
 
LOSS OP THE CENTAUR. 167- 
 
 expected to see the island of Corvo. In this, however^ 
 we were disappointed, and we feared that the southerly 
 wind had driven us far to the northward. Our p t ayers 
 were now for a northerly wind. Our condition began 
 to be truly miserable, both from hunger and cold ; for 
 on the fifth day we had discovered that our bread was 
 nearly all spoiled by salt-water, and it was necessary to 
 go on an allowance. One biscuit divided into &velve 
 morsels, for breakfast, and the same for dinner ; the 
 neck of a bottle broken off, with the cork in, served 
 for a glass, and this, filled with water, was the allow- 
 ance for twenty-four hours for each man. This was 
 done without any sort of partiality or distinction : but 
 we must have perished ere this, had we not caught six 
 quarts of rain water ; and this we could not have been 
 blessed with, had we not found in the boat a pair of 
 sheets, which by accident had been put there. Theses 
 were spread when it rained, and when thoroughly weJ, 
 wrung into the kidd, with which we baled the boat. 
 With this short allowarre, which was rather tantalizing 
 <T comfortless condition, we began to grow very fee- 
 ble, and our clothes being continually wet, our bodies 
 were, in many places, chafed into sores. 
 
 On the" 15th day it fell calm, and soon after a breeze 
 of wiitd sprung up from the N. N. W. and blew to a, 
 gale, so ti at we ran before the sea at the rate of five or 
 six miles -an hour under our blanket, till we judged we 
 w^re to the southward of Fayal, and to the westward 
 . 60-feagucs: but the wind blowing stroDg we could not 
 :pt to steer for it. Our wishes were now for the 
 wind to shift (o the westward. This was the fifteenth 
 j day we had been ir , and we had only one day's 
 
 bread, ai/d one bottle of water remaining of a second 
 supply of -rain. Our sufferings were now as great &s hu- 
 man strength could bear, but we were convinced 
 good spirits were a better support than great f 
 .s'rongth; for on this day Thomas Matihews, quarter- 
 master, the stoutest man in the boat, perished from hun- 
 ger and cold : on the day before he had complained of 
 want of strength in his throat, as he expressed it, to 
 swaiiow his morsel, hnd w. ?Le night dna=k &:- ! f-wa(er, 
 grew delirious, and died without a groan. As it became 
 
I6B LOSS OP THE CENTAUR. 
 
 next to a certainty that we should all perish in the same 
 manner in a day or two, it was somewhat comfortable 
 to reflect, that dying of hunger was not so dreadful as 
 our imaginations had represented. Others had com- 
 plained of these symptoms in their throats ; some had 
 drank their own urine ; and all but myself hand drank 
 salt-water. 
 
 As yet despair and gloom had been successfully pro- 
 hibited ; and, as the evenings closed in, the men had 
 been encouraged by turns to sing a song, or relate a sto- 
 ry, instead of supper ; but this evening I found it impos- 
 sible to raise either. As the night came on it fell cairn, 
 and about midnight a breeze of wind sprang up, we guess- 
 ed from the westward by the swell, but there not being 
 a star to be seen, we were afraid of running out of our 
 way, and waited impatiently for the rising sun to be our 
 compass. 
 
 As soon as the dawn appeared, we found the wind to 
 be exactly as we had wished, at W. S. W. and imme- 
 diately spread our sail, running before the sea at the rate 
 of four miles an hour. Our last breakfast had been 
 served with the bread and water remaining, \\hen John 
 Gregory, quarter-master, declared with much confidence, 
 that he saw land in the 8. E. We had so often seen 
 fog banks, which had the appearance of land, that I did 
 not trust myself to believe it, and cautioned the people 
 (who were extravagantly elated,) that they might not 
 feel the effects of disappointment : till at length one of 
 them broke out into a most immoderate swearing fit of 
 joy, which I could not restrain, and declared he had 
 never seen land in his life if what he now saw was not 
 land. 
 
 We immediately shaped our course for it, though on 
 my part with very little faith. The wind freshened ; the 
 boat went through the water at the rate of five or six 
 miles an hour, and in two hour's time the land was 
 plainly seen, by every man in the boat, but at a very 
 great distance, so that we did not reach it till ten at 
 night. It must have been at least twenty leag.r^s from 
 us when first discovered; and I cannot hcin ren 
 ing, with much thankfulness, ;al fay 
 
 .shewn to TJS in this instance. 
 
OP THE CENT AUK. I-G8 
 
 In every part of the horizon, except where the land wns 
 discovered, there was so thick a haze that we could not 
 have seen any thing for more than three or tour leagues 
 Fayal, by our reckoning, bore E. by N. which course 
 we were steering, and in a few hours, had not the skj 
 opened for our preservation, *ve should have increased 
 our distance from the land, got to the eastward, and of 
 course missed all the island. As we approached the 
 fend our belief had strengthened that it was FayaS. 
 The island of Pico, which might have revealed it to u?, 
 had the weather been perfectly clear, was at this time 
 capped with clouds, and it was some time before wt 
 were quite satisfied, having traversed for two hours a 
 great part of the island, where the steep and rocky shore 
 refused us a landing. This circumstance was borne 
 with much impatience, for we had flattered ourselves 
 that we should meet with fresh water at the first part 
 of the land we might approach ; and being disappointed, 
 the thirst of some had increased anxiety almost to a 
 degree of madness ; so that we were near making the 
 attempt to land in some places where the boat miibt 
 have been dashed to pieces by the surf. At length we 
 discovered a fishing canoe, which conducted us into 
 the road of Fayal about midnight ; but where the regu- 
 lation of the port did not permit s to laud till examined 
 by the health officers : however, I did not think much 
 of sleeping this night in the boat, our pilot having 
 brought us some refreshments of bread, wine, and wa- 
 ter. In the morning we were visited by Mr. Graham, 
 the English consul, whose humane attention made very 
 ample amends for the formality of the Portuguese, 
 Indeed I can never sufficiently express the sense 1 have 
 of his kindness and humanity, both to myself ami peo- 
 ple ; for, I believe, it was the whole of his employ- 
 ment for several days to contrive the best means of 
 ;-ing us to health and strength. It is true, I believe 
 there never were more pifi&Me objects. Some of the 
 stoutest men belonging to the Centaur were obliged 
 to be supported through the streets of Fayal. Mr. 
 Rainy, the master, arid myself, were, I think, in better 
 health than the rest ; but I could not walk without being 
 P 
 
170 LOSS OF THE CENTAtJK. 
 
 supported ; and for several days, with the best and 
 most comfortable provisions of diet and lodging, we 
 grew rather worse than better. 
 FAYAL Oct. 13, 1782. 
 
 J. N. INGLEFIELB. 
 
 Names of the Officers and men who were saved in 
 the Pinnace. 
 
 Captain Inglefield. 
 Thomas Rainy, master. 
 Robert Baylis, midshipman. 
 James Clark, surgeon's mate. 
 Timothy Sullivan, captain's coxswain, 
 John Gregory, quarter master. 
 
 SEAMEN. 
 
 Charles M'Carty. 
 Charles Flinn. 
 Charles Gallohar. 
 Theodore Hutchins, 
 Thomas Stevenson. 
 
 Names of the Officers left in the Ship and sup- 
 posed to have Perished. 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 John Jordan, 1st. 
 John Treleven, 2d. 
 George Lindsay, 3d. 
 George Scojt, 4th. 
 George Breton, 5th. 
 
 .John Bell, captain of marines. 
 'Thomas Hunter, purser. 
 
LOSS OF TEE CESTAUR. 17X* 
 
 Thomas Williamson, surgeon. 
 Thomas Wood, boatswain. 
 Charles Penlarick, gunner. 
 Allen Woodriff, carpenter. 
 
 Mates and Midshipmen. 
 
 Messrs. Dobson, Warden, Hay, Evrhart, Minshaw^ 
 Sampson, Lindsay, Chalmers, Thomas, Young. 
 
SHIPWRECK 6> 
 
 THE SLOOP BETSY, 
 
 On the Coast of Dutch Guiana, August 5, 1756. 
 PHILIP AUBIN, COMMANDER. 
 
 the 1st of August, 1756, says Capt. Aufoin, 
 I set sail for Surinam, from Carlisle Bay, in the island 
 of Barbadoes. My sloop, of about eighty tons burthen, 
 was built entirely of cedar, and freighted by Messrs. 
 Roscoe and Nyles, merchants of Bridgetown. The 
 cargo consisted of provisions of every kind, and horses. 
 The Dutch colony being in want of a supply of those 
 animals, passed a law that no English vessel should be 
 permitted to enter there, if horses did not constitute 
 part of her cargo. The Dutch were so rigid in enforc- 
 ing this condition, that if the horses chanced to die on 
 their passage, the master of the vessel was obliged to 
 preserve the ears and hoofs of the animals, and to swear 
 upon entering the port of Surinam, that when he em- 
 barked they were alive, arid destined for that colony. 
 
 The coasts of Surinam, Berbice, Demerara, Oronoko, 
 nncl all the adjacent parts, are low lands, and inundated 
 by large rivers, which discharge themselves into the sea. 
 The bottom all along this coast is composed of a kind 
 of mud, or clay, in which the anchors sink to the depth 
 f three or four fathoms, and upon which the keel some- 
 times strikes without stopping the vessel. The sloop 
 being at anchor three leagues and a half from the shore 
 iu five fathoms water, the mouth of the Demarara river 
 hearing S. S. V?. and it being the rainy season, my crew 
 j^rAMip water from the sea for their use, which was just 
 
SHIPWRECK OP THE SLOOP BETSY. 173 
 
 as sweet as good river water. The current occasioned 
 by the trade winds, and the numerous rivers which fall 
 into the sea, carried us at the rate of four miles an hour, 
 towards the west and north-we&t. 
 
 In the evening of the 4th of August, I was tacking 
 about, between the latitude of ten and twelves degrees 
 north, with a fresh breeze, which obliged me to reef my 
 sails. At midnight, finding that the wind increased, in 
 proportion as the moon, then on the wane, rose above 
 the horizon, and that my bark, which was deeply laden, 
 labored excessively, I would not retire to rest till the 
 weather became more moderate. I told my mate, whose 
 name was Williams, to bring ine a bottle of beer, and 
 both sitting down, I upon a hen-coop, and Williams upon 
 the deck, we began to tell stories to pass the time, 
 according to the custom of mariners of every country. 
 The vessel suddenly turned with her broadside to wind- 
 ward : I called to one of the seamen to put the helm 
 a weather, but he replied it had been so for some time. 
 I directed n;y mate to see if the cords were not en- 
 tangled : he informed me that it was not. At this mo- 
 ment the vessel swung round with her head to the sea, 
 and plunged ; her head filled in such a manner that she 
 could not rise above the surf, which broke over us to. 
 the height of the anchor stocks, and we were presently 
 up to our necks in water ; every thing in the cabin was 
 washed away. Some of the crew, which consisted of 
 nine men, were drowned in their hammocks, without a 
 cry or groan. When the wave had passed, I took 
 the hatchet that was hanging up near the fire-place, to 
 cut away the shrouds to prevent the ship from upset- 
 ting, but in vain. She upset, and turned over again, 
 with her masts and sails in the water ; the horses rolled 
 one over the other and were drowned, forming altogether 
 a most melancholy spectacle. 
 
 I had but one small boat, about twelve or thirteen 
 feet long ; she was fixed, with a cable coiled inside of 
 her, between the pump and the side of the ship. Prov- 
 identially for our preservation there was no occasion to 
 ]ash her last ; bat we at this time entertained no hope of 
 seeing her again, as the large cable within her, together 
 with the weight of the horses, snd their stalls or- tackle '* 
 
174 .SHIPWRKCK OF THE SLOOP BETSY, 
 
 one among another, prevented her from rising to the 
 surface of the water. 
 
 In this dreadful situation, holding by the shrouds, and 
 stripping off my clothes, I looked round me for some 
 plank or empty box to preserve my life as long as it 
 should please the Almighty, when I perceived my mate 
 and two seamen hanging by a rope, and imploring God 
 to receive their souls. I told them that the man who 
 was not resigned to die when it pleased his Creator to 
 call him out of the world was not lit to live. I advised 
 them to undress as I had done, and to endeavor to seize 
 the first object that could assist them in preserving their 
 lives. Williams followed my advice, stripped himself 
 quite naked, and betook himself to swimming, locking, 
 out for whatever he could find. A moment afterwards 
 he cried out : Here is the boat, keel uppermost ! I im- 
 mediately swam to him, and found him holding the 
 by the keel. We then set to work to turn her, but in 
 vain ; at length, however, Williams, who was the heav- 
 iest and strongest of the two, contrived to set his feet 
 against the gunwale of the boat, laying hold of the keel 
 with his hands, and with a violent effort nearly succeed- 
 ed in overturning her. I being to windward, pushed 
 and lifted her up with my shoulders on the opposite side. 
 At length, with the assistance of the surf, we turned 
 her over, but she was full of water. I got into her, and 
 endeavored by the means of a rope belonging to the rig- 
 ging, to draw her to the mast of the vessel. In the 
 intervals between the waves the mast always rose fa 
 the height of fifteen or twenty feet above the water. 
 I passed the end of the rope fastened to the boat once 
 round the head of the mast, keeping hold of the 
 end ; each time that the mast rose out of water, it lifted 
 up both the boat and me ; I then let go the rope, and 
 by this expedient the boat was three-fourths emptied ; 
 but having nothing to enable me to disengage her from 
 rhe mast and shrouds, they fell down upon me, driving 
 the boat and me again under water. 
 
 After repeated attempts to empty her, in which I was 
 cruelly wounded and bruised, I began to haul the boat, 
 filled with water, towards the vessel, by the shrouds; 
 but the bark had sunk by this time to such a depth, 
 
SHIPWRECK OF THE SLOOP BETSJf. 175 
 
 that only a small part of her slern was to be seen, upon 
 which my mate arid two other seamen were holding ft- 1 
 by a rope. I threw myself into the water, with tlie rope 
 of the boat in the mouth, and swam towards them to 
 give them the end to lay hold of, hoping, by our united 
 strength ; that we shotftfl be able to haul the boat over 
 the stern of the vessel ; we exerted our utmost efforts, 
 and at this moment I nearly had my thigh broken by a 
 shock of tLe boat, being between her and the ship. 
 At length we succeeded in hauling her over the stern, 
 but had the misfortune to break a hole in her bottom in 
 this manoeuvre. As soon as my thigh was a little recov- 
 ered from the blow, I jumped into her with one of tha 
 men, and stopped the leak with a piece of his coarse 
 shirt. It was extremely fortunate for us that this man 
 did not know how to swim ; it will soon be seen what 
 benefit we derived from his ignorance ; had it not been 
 for this we must all have perished. Being unable to 
 swim, he had not stripped, and had thus preserved his 
 coarse shirt, a knife that was in his pocket, ar-d an 
 enormous hat, in the Dutch fashion. The boat being 
 fastened to the ringing, was no sooner cleared of the 
 greatest part of the water than a dog of mine came ta 
 me, running along the gunwale ; I took him in, thank- 
 ing Providence for having thus sent provision for a tim$ 
 of necessity. A moment after the dog had entered, the 
 rope broke with a jerk of the vessel, and I found my- 
 self drifting away. I called ray mate and the other 
 man who swam to me : the former had fortunately 
 found a small spare top-mast, which served us for a 
 rudder. We assisted the two others to get into the boat, 
 and soon lost sight of our ill-fated bark. 
 
 It was then four o'clock in the morning, as I judged by 
 the dawn of day, which began to appear, so that about 
 two hours had elapsed since we were obliged to abondoa 
 her. What prevented her from foundering sooner wag 
 my having taken on board about 150 barrels of biscuit, 
 as many or more casks of flour, and 300 firkins of but- 
 ter, all which substances float upon the water, and are 
 soaked through but slowly and by degrees. As soon as 
 we were clear of the wreck, we kept the boat before 
 tlic wiiid as well as we could, and when it grew li^ht J 
 
176 SHIPWRECK OP THE SLOOP BETSY. 
 
 perceived several articles that had floated from the ves- 
 sel. I perceive my box of clothes and linen, which 
 had been carried out of the cabin by the violence of the 
 waves. I felt an emotion of joy. The box contained 
 some bottles of orange and lime water, a few pounds 
 of chocolate, sugar, &cc. Reaching over the gunwale 
 of our boat we laid hold *>f the box, and used every 
 effort to open it on the water, for we could not think of 
 getting it into the boat, being of a size and weight suffi- 
 cient to sink her, In spite of all our endeavors we could 
 not force open the lid; we were obliged to leave it 
 behind, with all the good things it contained, and to 
 increase out distress we had by this effort almost filled 
 our boat with water, and had more than once nearly 
 sunk her. 
 
 We, however, had the good fortune to pick up thir- 
 teen onions ; we saw many more, but were unable to 
 reach them. These thirteen onions and my dog, with- 
 out a single- drop of freshwater, or any liquor whatever, 
 were all that we had to subsist upon. We were, accor- 
 ding to my computation, above fifty leagues from land, 
 having neither mast, sails, nor oars, to direct us, nor any 
 kind of articles besides the knife of the sailor who could 
 not swim, his shirt, a piece of which we had already 
 used to stop the leak in our boat, and his wide trowsers. 
 We this day cut the remainder' of his shirt into strips, 
 which we twisted for rigging, and then fell to work alter 1 - 
 irately to loosen the planks with which the boat was lin- 
 ed, cutting, by dint of time and patience, all round the 
 heads of the nails that fastened them. Of these planks 
 we made a kind of inast, which we tied to the foremast 
 bench ; a piece of board was substituted for a ynrd, to 
 which -we fastened the two parts of the trowsers, which 
 served for sails, and assisted us in keeping the boat 
 before the wind, steering with the top*m'ast as mention- 
 ed before; 
 
 As the pieces of plank which we had dfctafthfcd from 
 the inside of the boat were too short, and were not suf- 
 ficient to go quite round the edge, when the sea ran 
 very high, we were obliged, in order to prevent the 
 waves from entering the boat, to lie down several times 
 aioug the gunwate oa each side, with mir backs to the 
 
SHIPWRECK OF THE SLOOP SETST. 177 
 
 water, and thus with our bodies to repel the surf, while 
 the other, with the Dutch hat, was incessantly employ- 
 ed in bailing out the water ; besides which the boat con- 
 tinued to make water at the leak, which we were unable 
 entirely to stop. 
 
 It was in this melancholy situation, and stark naked, 
 that we kept the boat before ihe wind as well as we 
 could. The night of te first day f.frer our shipwreck 
 arrived before we had well completed our sail; it 
 grew dark, and we contrived to keep our boat running 
 before the wind, at the rate of about a league an hour. 
 The second day was more calm ; we each eat an onion, 
 Bt different times, and began to feel thirst. In the night 
 of the second day the wind became violent and variable, 
 and sometimes blowing from the north, which caused 
 me great uneasiness, being obliged to steer south, in 
 order to keep the boat before the wind, whereas we 
 could only hope to be saved by proceeding from east 
 to west. 
 
 The third day we began to suffer exceedingly, not 
 only from hunger and thirst, but likewise from the heat 
 of the sun, which scorched us in such a manner, that 
 from the neck to the feet our skin was as red and as 
 full ot blisters as if we had been burned by a fire. I 
 then seized my dog and plunged the knife in his throat. 
 I cannot even now refrain from weeping at the thought 
 of it ; but at the moment I felt not the least compassion 
 for him. We caught his blood in the hat, receiving in 
 our hands and drinking what ran over : we afterwards 
 drank in turn out of the hat, and felt our-selves refresh- 
 ed. The fourth day the wind was extremely vio- 
 lent, and the sea ran very high, so that we were 
 more than once on the point of perishing; it was 
 on this day in particular that we were obliged to make 
 a rampart of our bodies in order to repel the waves. 
 About noon a ray of hope -.-da wired upon us, but soon 
 vanished; 
 
 We perceived a sloop, commanded by Captain 
 Routhey, which,-- like my vessel, belonged to the island 
 of Barbadoes, and was bound to Demerara ; we could 
 see the crew walking upon the deck, and sheuted to 
 f hem, but .wre neither seen nor heard . Being obliged, 
 
278 SHIPWRECK OP THE SLOOP BETSY. 
 
 by the violence of the gale, to keep our boat before the 
 wind, for fear of foundering, we had passed her a great 
 distance before she crossed us ; she steering direct south, 
 and we bearing away to the west. Captain Southey 
 was one of my particular friends. This disappointment 
 so discouraged my two seaaien that they refused to 
 etidenvor any Ioitg< their lives. In spite of all 
 
 I could say, one of them woulfi do nothing, not even 
 bale out the water which gained upon us ; I had recourse 
 fc> entreaties ; fell at his knees, l-yit i:e remained unmov- 
 ed. My mate and I, at length, prev''^d upon him, by- 
 threatening to kill him instantly with the ?op-riiast, which 
 we used to steer by, and to kill ourselves afterwards, to 
 put a period to our misery. This menace made some 
 impression on him, and he resumed his employment of 
 bailing as before. 
 
 On this day I set the others the example of eating a 
 piece of the dog with some onions ; it was with diffi- 
 culty that I swallowed a few mouthfuls ; but in an hour 
 I felt that this morsel of food had given me vigor. My 
 mate, who was of a much stronger constitution, eat 
 more, which gave me much pleasure; one of the two 
 men likewise tasted it, but the other, whose name 
 was Comings, either would not or could not swajlow a 
 morsel. 
 
 The fifth day was more calfti, and the sea much 
 smoother. At day-break we perceived an enormous 
 shark, as large as our boat, which followed us several 
 hours, as a prey that was destined for him. We also 
 found in our boat a flying fish, which had dropped there 
 during the night; we divided it into four parts, which 
 we chewed to moisten our mouths. It was on this day 
 that, when pressed with hunger and despair, my mate, 
 Williams, had the generosity to exhort us to cut off a 
 piece of his thigh to refresh ourselves with the blood, 
 and to support life. In the night we had several show- 
 ers, with some wind. We tried to get some rain water 
 by wringing the trowsers which served us for a sail, but 
 when we caught it in our mouths it proved to be as salt 
 *as that of the sea ; the trowsers having been so often 
 soake<l with sea water, that they, as well as the hat, 
 were quite impregnated with salt. Thus we had no 
 
SHIPWRECK OF THE 6LOOP BETSY. 179 
 
 other resource but to open our mouths and catch the 
 drops of rain upon our tongues, in order to cool them : 
 afte'r the shower was over we again fastened the trow- 
 sers to the mast. 
 
 On the sixth day the two seamen, notwithstanding all 
 my remonstrances, drank sea-water which purged them so 
 excessively that th^y fell into a kind of delirium, and 
 were of no more service to Williams and me. Both he 
 and I kept a nail in our mouths, and often sprink- 
 led our heads with water to cool them. I perceived 
 myself the better for these ablutions, and that my head 
 was more easy. We tried several times to eat of the 
 dog's flesh, with a morsel of onion ; but I thought 
 myself fortunate if I could get down three or four 
 mouthfuls. My mate always eat rather more than I 
 could. 
 
 The seventh day was fine, with a moderate - breeze, 
 and the sea perfectly calm. About noon the two men 
 who had drank sea water grew so weak that they began 
 to talk wildly, like people who are light-headed, not 
 knowing any longer whether they was at sea or on shore. 
 My mate and I were so weak too that w r e could scarcely 
 stand on our legs, or steer the boat in our turns, or bale 
 the water from the boat, which made a great deal at 
 the leak. 
 
 In the morning of the eighth day John Comings died, 
 and three hours afterwards George Simpson likewise 
 expired. The same evening, at sun-set, we had the 
 inexpressible satisfaction of discovering the high lands 
 on the west point of the island of Tobago. Hope gave 
 us strength. We kept the head of the boat towards 
 the land all night, with a light breeze and a current, 
 which was in our favor. Williams and I were that night 
 in an extraordinary situation, our two comrades lying 
 dead before us, with the land in sight, having very little 
 wind to approach it, and being assisted only by the cur- 
 rent, which drove strongly to the westard. In the 
 morning we were not, according to iny computation, 
 more than five or six leagues from the land. That hap- 
 py day was the last of our sufferings at sea. We kepi 
 steering the boat the whole day towards the shore, though 
 we were no longer able to- stand. In the evening the 
 
180 SHIPWRECK OF THE SLOOP BETSY. 
 
 wind lulled, and it fell calm ; but about two o'clock in 
 the moroing the cm-rent cast us on the beach of the isl- 
 and of Tobago, at the foot of a- high shore, between 
 little Tobago and Man of War Bay which is the eastern* 
 most .part of the island. The boat soon bulged with 
 the shock ; iny unfortunate companion and 1 crawled 
 to the shore, leaving the bodies' of our two . comrades in 
 the boat, and the remainder of the dog, which was 
 quite putrid. 
 
 We clambered, as well as we could, on all fours, along 
 the high coast, which rose almost perpendicularly to the 
 height of three or four hundred feet. A great quantity 
 of leaves had dropped down to the place where we were, 
 from the numerous -trees over our heads; these we 
 collected, and lay down .upon them to- wait for day- light ; 
 When it began to dawn we sought about for water, and 
 found some in the holes .of the rocks, but it was brack- 
 ish, and not fit to drink. We perceived on the rocks 
 around us .several kinds of shellfish, some of -which we 
 broke open with a stone, .and chewed them to -moisten 
 our mouths. 
 
 Between eight and nine o'clock we were perceived by 
 a young Caraib, who was some limes v.-alking and at 
 others swimming towards the boat. As soon as he had 
 reached it he called his companions with loud shouts, 
 making signs of the greatest compassion. His comrades 
 instantly followed him, and.swain towards us, having 
 perceived us almost at the same time. 
 
 The oldest, who was about sixty, approached us with 
 the two. youngest, whom we afterwards found to be his 
 son nnd son-in-law. At the sight of us the tears flowed 
 from their eyes : I endeavored by words and signs to 
 make them comprehend that we had been nine days at 
 sea, in want of every thing. They understood a few 
 French words, and signified that they would fetch a boat 
 to convey us to their hut. The old man took a hand- 
 kerchief from his head and tied it round mine, and one of 
 the young Caraibs gave Williams his straw hut ; the other 
 swam round the projecting rock and brought us a calebasb 
 cf fresh water, somo cakes of cassava, and a piece of 
 broiled fish, but we could not cat. The two others 
 fie two corpses out of the boaf, and bJd them unon the 
 
SHIPWRECK OF THE SLOOP BETSY. It I 
 
 Feck, after which all three of them hauled the boat out of 
 the water. They then left us, with marks of the utmost 
 compassion, and went to fetch their canoe. 
 
 About noon they returned in their canoe, to the num- 
 ber of six, and brought with them, in an earthari pot, 
 some soup which we thought delicious. We took a lit- 
 tle, but my stomach was so weak that I immediately cast 
 it up again. Williams did not vomit at all. In less than 
 two hours we arrived at Man of War Bay, where the huts 
 of the Caraibs were situated. They had only one ham- 
 mock, in which they laid me, and the woman made us a 
 very agreeable mess of herbs and broth,,of quatracas and 
 pidgeons. They bathed my wounds, which were full of 
 worms, with a decoction of tobacco and other plants. 
 Every morning the man lifted me out of the hammock, 
 and carried me in his arms beneath a lemon tree, where 
 he covered me with plantain leaves to screen rne from, 
 the sun. There they anointed our bodies with a kind 
 of oil to cure the blisters raied by the sun. Our com- 
 passionate hosts even had the generosity to give each 
 of us a shirt, and a pair of trowsers, which they had 
 procured from the ships that came from time to time to 
 trade with them for turtles and tortoise shell. 
 
 After they had cleansed my wounds of the vermin, 
 they kept rne with my legs suspended in the air, ami 
 anointed them morning and evening with an oil extract- 
 ed from the tail of a small crab, resembling what tiie 
 English call the soldier-crab, because its shell is red. 
 They take a certain quantity of these crabs, bruise the 
 ends of their tails, and put them to digest in a large 
 shell upon the fire. It was wilh this ointment that they 
 healed my wounds, covering them with nothing but 
 plantain leaves. 
 
 v Thanks to the nourishing food procured us by the 
 Caraibs, and their humane attention, I was able, in about 
 three weeks, to support myself upon crutches, like a 
 person recovering from a severe illness. The natives 
 flocked from all parts of the island to see us, and never 
 came empty handed; sometimes bringing eggs, and at 
 others fowls, which were given with pleasure, and accept- 
 ed with gratitude. We even had visitors from the island 
 of Tiioidsd, I cut my name with ft knife u?>oa several 
 
 Q 
 
ic-Z SHIPWRECK OF THE SLOOP BETSY. 
 
 boards, and gave them to different Caraibs, to shew 
 them to any ships which chance might conduct to t lie 
 coast. We almost despaired of seeing ?.ny arrive, 
 when a sloop from Oronoko, laden with ran Irs and bound 
 to St. Pierre, mjhfc island of Mariinique, touch* 
 the sandy poinfon the west side of Tobago. The Indi- 
 ans shewed the crew a plank upon which my name was 
 carved, and acquainted them wi'h our situation. Upon 
 the arrival of this vessel at St. Pierre, those on !/ 
 related the circumstance. Several its of my 
 
 acquaintance, who traded tindei- Dutch colours, happen- 
 ed to be there ; they transmitted the infor; o my 
 owners, Messrs. Roscoe and Nyles, who instantly 
 patched a small vessel in quest of us. After living about 
 nine weeks with this benevolent and charitable tn 
 savages, I embarked and left them, when my regret was 
 equal to the joy and surprise 1 had experienced at meet- 
 ing with them. 
 
 When we were ready to depart they furnished us with 
 an abundant supply of bannanas, figs, yai 
 fish, and fruits ; particularly oranges and 1< [ had 
 
 nothing to give tin n ackno\. \ t of their 
 
 generous treatment Inii my boat, ^ 
 and used for o 
 
 being larger than their < - j.nrh more fit for 
 
 that purpose. Of this I made thei,; a prf^f-nf, and 
 would have given them my blood. My friend, Captain 
 Young, assisted me to remunerate my i,i>nefartors. He 
 gave me all the rum he had wit!) him, being about .- 
 or eight bottles, which I iikr\v>? j> -"n(ed to i 
 He also gave them several shirts and trows ers, a 
 hnives, fish-hooks, sail-riuth for the ijoat, with ne 
 and ropes. 
 
 At length, after two dayo spent in preparation^ 
 our departure, we we' Tfity 
 
 tame down to the beach to the number of about thirty, 
 men, women, and children, and ail appeared t- 
 uncerest sorrow, especially the old man, w ho had acted 
 like a father to me. When the vr sel left the bay, the 
 tears flowed from our yes, which sUN cdtttfnued fixed 
 upon them. They remained &taH(ling in a line upon the 
 shore till they loist siglit of ?. As ail about 
 
SHIPWRECK OF THE SLOOP^ETSY. 
 
 ntne o'clock in the morning;, steering north-east, and ns 
 Man of War Bay is situated at the north-east point of 
 the island, we were a long time in sicht of each other. 
 I still recollect the moment when trtey disappeared from. 
 my sight, and the profound regret which filled my 
 heart. I feared that I should never a^ain be so happy 
 had been B ! ,em. 1 love them, and will cun- 
 
 tinue to love, my dear Caraibs as long as 1 live ; I would 
 Hieil my blood for (he first of tho>e benevolent sav 
 that r id in need of my assistance, if chance >li 
 
 iu-inu; one of them to Europe, or my destiny *\>, 
 again conduct me to tliii: i-! 
 
 In t arrived at l>ai' I continue. 
 
 have H l)i-!i rbet 
 
 i), and \\a.> not yet able to go without crutches. 
 V Y received ;Vom , 
 
 (, and the IN -ion ; 
 
 the L B unbounded. 
 
 The e , the author of a treatise on 
 
 me, 
 with Dr. Lilih M'ii. They ;. d ;i'i-u- remedies, 
 
 r*<hh \\'il!" i 
 
 unab! <k without' , -st difficulty, \\illiams 
 
 remained at V. . but I, being more aiVected, and 
 
 I tn return to Run tie. In c 
 pliaru ;hcir advice I went to London, where I 
 
 
 and the i 
 
 me all tl: power of their 
 
 1 !/ any relief. At 
 
 :er I had been k in London, Dr. 
 
 turn from Bath, heard my 
 
 me, and with his 
 
 torned humanity promised to undertake my cure, 
 / acknov. i ! iat it 
 
 would be both tedious and expensive. I replied, tbat 
 inhabitants of Karhadoes nad ren- 
 ! me easy on that head, intreatin^ him to prescribe 
 for me, and thanking him for his obliging offers. 
 
 As he had practiced i e at Aleppo, he 
 
 had there seen gn . . iih the same 
 
 malady as myself, produced by long thirst in t, 
 
284 SHIPWRECK OF THE StOOP BETSY. 
 
 the deserts of Africa. He ordered me to leave town to 
 enjoy a more wholesome air. I took a lodging at Honv 
 erton, near Hackney ; there he ordered me to be bathed 
 every morning, confining me to asses milk as my only 
 food, excepting a few new laid eggs, together with mode- 
 rate exercise, and a ride on horseback every day. Af- 
 ter about a month of this regimen he orderad a goat to 
 be brought every morning to my bedside ; about five 
 o'clock I drank a glass of her milk, quite hot, and slep 
 upon it. He then allowed me to take some light chicken 
 broth, with a morsel of the wing. By means of this 
 diet my malady was in great degree removed in the space 
 of about five months, and I was in a state to resume 
 any occupation I pleased ; but my constitution has ever 
 since been extremely delicate, and my stomach in par- 
 ticular very weak, 
 
185 
 
 THE SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 A PORTUGUESE VESSEL, 
 
 With Emmanuel Sosa and his Wife Eleonora Garcia Sata, 
 ON THE EAST COAST OF AFRICA, IN 1553, 
 
 E, 
 
 MMANUEL SOSA, DE SEPULVEDA, descended 
 from one of the most ancient and distinguished families 
 of Portugal, obtained great reputation in the Indies by 
 his courage and talents. About the middle of the six- 
 teenth century, he obtained the government of the cita- 
 del of Diu, a post given only to officeis of merit and 
 tried valor. This situation he held several years, till 
 conceiving an irresistable desire to revisit his native land, 
 he embarked at the port of Cochin. The vessel in which 
 he sailed, had on board the wealth lie had amassed, to^ 
 gether with the property of the officers and passengers 
 who occompanied him. Sosa likewise took v\ith him 
 Ins wife, Eleonora Garcia, the daughter of Sala, at that 
 time general of the Portuguese in the Indies ; his chil- 
 dren; his brother-in-law Pantaleon Sala; together with 
 several officers and gentlemen. The number of sailors r . 
 servants, and slaves, was very great ; the whole of the 
 crew and passengers amounting to about six hundred 
 persons. 
 
 An acquaintance with the sea and winds has proved" 
 that the month of January is the most favorable season 
 for the passage from India to Europe. Sala stopped to 
 make some purchases at Coulan, by which he was de- 
 tained till February. On the 13th of April, they discov- 
 ered the eoast of Caffrariaj from thence they proceeded, 
 without accident, to the Cape of Good Hope, when a 
 north wind that, arose, produced the most tremendous hur- 
 
186 THE SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 ricane that had ever been experienced in those seas. 
 The sky was suddenly overcast, the waves rising to the 
 clouds, threatened every moment to ingulph the vessel ; 
 the darkness was interrupted only by the lightning's blaze 
 and the pealing thunder, which struck terror into the 
 hearts of the most resolute. The pilot and sailors de- 
 liberated whether they should strike the yards and wait 
 at sea till the tempest was over ; but being terrified by 
 its continuing with redoubled fury, and deprived of ail 
 hope of being able to double the Cape, on account of the 
 season, they unanimously agreed to steer their course 
 back to India. In this design, they were not more fortu- 
 nate than in the other, and the unrelenting winds seemed 
 to have conspired the destruction of the wretched vessel, 
 which was already considerably injured ; in vain the pi- 
 lot and sailors employed their utmost efforts to save her 
 from their fury. The sides were so rudely shaken by 
 the waves, that at length the planks gave way, aad the 
 ship made more water than the pumps were able to dis- 
 charge. The goods were thrown overboard to lighten 
 the vessel, but this measure did not lessen the danger. 
 Their condition was hopeless, and every wave threatened 
 them with inevitable destruction ; but after the tempest 
 had continued several days, without intermission, a south 
 wind decided their fate, and drove the ship aground, 
 which was the least misfortune that could happen to, 
 them. 
 
 The anchor was immediately thrown out, and the 
 boats, which were their last resource, were hoisted over- 
 board. Sosa, his wife, and chiklren, and the principal 
 persons of his suite, snatching up in haste their most 
 valuable effects, threw themselves into the boats. New 
 dangers attended them; the waves, impelled by the 
 force of the wind, dashed against the shore and formed 
 mountains, that appeared ready to overwhelm their fee- 
 fele bark. At length, after much difficulty and danger, 
 they reached the shore. AH coultl not effect their es- 
 cape in the boats, for after the second or third voyage, 
 they were dashed to pieces upon hidden rocks ; at the 
 same time the cable parted, and those who remained in 
 the vessel, had no other method of saving their lives than 
 to throw themselves overboard and endeavor to gajn, tl^ 
 
A PORTUGUESE VESSEL. 187 
 
 shore. Some seized hold of casks, or boxes, while 
 others' trusted to their strength and expertness in swim- 
 ming. Very few, however, were so fortunate as to ar- 
 rive without accident, and by this disaster three hundred 
 men, Portuguese and foreigners, lost their lives. Those 
 who escaped, had scarcely reached the shore when the 
 vessel foundered. This Joss .overwhelmed the Portu- 
 guese with despair ; from the fragments of the ship they 
 might have constructed a brigantine, and have gone to 
 seek some relief at Sofala and Mozambique ; but from 
 this hope they were now completely cut off. 
 
 The country on which they were wrecked was in the 
 latitude of 31 deg. south. Sosa directed large fires to be 
 made, in order to dry and warm his people, who suffer- 
 ed exceedingly from cold, hunger, and their wounds. 
 He distributed among them, with the greatest economy, 
 a small quantity oi flour picked up from the wreck, but 
 half spoiled by the salt water. Their situation was dread- 
 ful. The shore presented to their view nothing but de- 
 sert sands and arid rocks. After a long search they dis- 
 covered some springs of fresh water, which were ex- 
 tremely serviceable, and then began to form an entrench- 
 ment of boxes and large stones that they might pass the 
 night in safety. Sosa, on this occasion, forgot none of 
 the duties of a good citizen and a benevolent master. 
 Here he remained with his people till they had recovered 
 from the fatigues of the sea, and as long as he entertain- 
 ed any hope of being able to subsist upon the provisions 
 thrown on shore from the vessel. It became necessary, 
 however, to think of removing, and they deliberated upon 
 the course that ought to be pursued : all were in favor 
 of proceeding along the coast till they found the river to 
 which Marchesez had given the name of Santo Spiritu, 
 and where the Portuguese of Sofala and Mozambique 
 carried on a considerable traffic. 
 
 That ilrer was about one hundred and eighty leagues 
 distant from their post. Sosa, after adopting the resolu- 
 tion, encouraged his troop, and exhorted ihem, by his 
 words and example, not to lose their courage. " Before 
 a person exposes himself,' 3 said he, " to the dangers of 
 the sea he ought to be resolvecj to bear thirst, hunger, 
 hardships, and inconvenience of every kin'L Far f^orn 
 
188'- THE SHIPWPvECK OF 
 
 being dejected at their approach, he ought to meet tLeL^ 
 as if he had expected them, and substitute those transient 
 evils, instead of the eternal misery due to the crimes he 
 has committed. In our present misfortune, (added he,) 
 we ought less to consider what we have lost than what 
 we have saved ; the loss of our property is a small object 
 when compared with the preservation of our lives. I can 
 give you no better advice than to resign all private claims, 
 and relinquish all personal and individual interest in fs.- 
 yor of the public welfare. If we are split into parties we 
 can never be secure, but while united we have nothing to 
 fear." He concluded with a prayer, extorted by love, 
 in behalf of his wife and children, and intreated his com* 
 panions in misfortune to pay some respect on (he way, 
 to the sex of the one and the age of the others. All re- 
 plied, it was but just that the strongest and most robust 
 should assist the weakest, that he might lead them 
 wherever he pleased, and that they would never with- 
 draw themselves from his command* 
 
 They immediately set off. This caravan was com- 
 posed of Sosa, his wife Eleonora, a woman of a masculine 
 courage, their children, as yet too young to know the dan- 
 gers of their situation, Andrew Vasez, the master of the 
 vessel, and eighty Portuguese. This first troop was fol- 
 lowed by about one hundred servants, who alternately 
 carried the children on their backs, and their mistress on 
 a rude kind of chair. These were succeeded by the 
 sailors, and the female servants ; and Pantaleon, with a 
 number of Portuguese and slaves, closed the rear. 
 
 After proceeding several days through a very danger- 
 ous country, they were stopped by inaccessible rocks, 
 and torrents, swelled by the rains, that had recently fallen. 
 By endeavoring to discover the easiest roads, they had 
 made a circuit of above one hundred leagues, while they 
 would have had to go but thirty if they had kept along 
 the sea-coast. Their provisions were soon consumed, 
 and they were obliged to live upon apples and wild fruits, 
 and even upon certain herbs,, of which the animals of 
 that country are very fond. 
 
 After a progress of four months they at length arrived 
 at the river Santo Spiritu, but without recognizing it, for 
 &e country is traversed by three different branches, 
 
A PORTUGUESE VESSEL. 180 
 
 which unite before they discharge themselves into the 
 sea. 
 
 Their doubts were removed by the king of the district, 
 who was the more favorably disposed towards the Por- 
 tuguese, because he had, some time before, traded 
 peaceably with Lorenzo Marchesez and Antonio Calde- 
 ra. That prince gave a kind reception to Sosa and his 
 people, and informed (hem, that the king of the country 
 contiguous to his dominions was a crafty and rapacious 
 inai;, of whom they ought to beware. The desire of 
 speedily reaching some place inhabited by Europeans, 
 rendered them blind to the misfortunes that were pre- 
 dicted ; but they soon had reason to repent having pass- 
 ed the second arm of the river. 
 
 The following day they perceived two hundred Caf- 
 frees coming towards them. Though exhausted with 
 hardships and fatigue they prepared (heir arms and put 
 themselves in a posture of defence ; but seeing that the 
 Caffrees approached them peaceably, and rather showed 
 a desire of forming an acquaintance with them than of 
 doing them any injury, their fears were dissipated, and 
 they endeavored to obtain provisions, either for money 
 or in exchange for implements of iron, which those peo- 
 ple highly value. A mutual confidence appeared to be 
 established, and the wants of the Portuguese encouraged 
 their good opinion of the natives, but the opportunity of 
 stripping the strangers of all they possessed was too favor- 
 able for the barbarians to be neglected. In order (o ac- 
 complish their design with the greater facility, (hey gave 
 the Portuguese to understand, that if they would proceed 
 to the habitation of their king, they would experience a 
 gracious reception. Their excessive weariness, their joy 
 at having found the river they were in search of, and a 
 still more powerful motive, the want of provisions, in- 
 duced them to embrace the proposal of the CalFrees, 
 They foilovved them towards the habitation of their chief; 
 but the latter directed them to stop on the way, in a place 
 shaded by trees. Here they remained several days, during 
 which they purchased various kinds of coarse provisions 
 with the effects they had saved from the wreck. Deceiv- 
 ed by the air of sincerity of those people, 3osa conceived 
 itoat he might wait at tkis place for the arrival of some 
 
19Q THE SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 merchants from Sofala, and demanded permission of the 
 king to erect huts for himself, his wife, and all his people, 
 whose number had been much diminished by the fatigues 
 of their long peregrination. 
 
 The king, with more artifice than he could be suspect- 
 ed of, told Sosa, that two circumstances retarded the fa- 
 vorable reception which he wished to give them ; the 
 first was the clearness and scarcity of provisions ; and the 
 second, the fear which his subjects entertained of the 
 svTords and lire-arms of the Portuguese; that if these 
 were sent to him as a pledge of their peaceable and 
 tranquil disposition, he would agree to their request. 
 
 The hope of arriving at the end of their hardships in- 
 duced the Portuguese to comply with these conditions, 
 to which prudence ought to have dictated a refusal. In 
 vain Eleonora reminded Sosa of the unfavorable account 
 given of this sovereign by the other king; deaf to the in- 
 treaties and admonitions of his wife he accepted, with fa- 
 tal credulity, the subtile offers of this prince. The rest 
 of the troop followed their captain's example, and the 
 arms were delivered to the perfidious monarch. They, 
 however, soon repented of this step, for the Caffrees im- 
 mediately seized upon the treasures they had brought 
 with them with such fatigue, and stripped them of all their 
 clothes. Those who attempted to make any resistance 
 were massacred without mercy by the unrelenting bar- 
 barians. 
 
 Eleonora alone resisted with courage , but of what 
 avail are the efforts of a female against men of a dispo- 
 sition so ferocious ! They stripped her likewise of all 
 her clothes. Ashamed to be exposed starfe naked to the 
 view of those wretches, and of her own servants, she 
 threw herself into a ditch a few paces distant, and buri- 
 ed herself, as it were, in J the sand, resolving not 
 to leave that situation. Overwhelmed with fatigue 
 and chagrin she couM not forbear saying to Andrew 
 Vasez, and others of 'trie Portuguese who would not 
 leave her :" Therei my friends, you see the conse- 
 quence of your silly confidence. Go : I want nothing 
 more ; think oVily of yourselves" ; and should heaven 
 permit you to ><>> native land, tell those who in- 
 
 quire after the unfortunate Eleonora and her husband, 
 
A PORTUGUESE VESSEL. 191 
 
 that our sins have drawn upon us the indignation of 
 heaven, and have precipitated us into this abyss of mis- 
 ery. 3 ' Here sighs choaked her utterence, but she cast 
 a leader look at her children and her husband. The 
 latter, overcome with grief for his imprudence, and its 
 fatal consequences, remained motionless. The Caffres 
 had, by this time, retired with all their booty ; his com- 
 panions had dispersed to avoid the fate that impended 
 over them, and not one was to be seen. At length the 
 sentiments of tenderness were again excited in his breast, 
 and he ran about, in every direction, in quest of fruit,, 
 of any kind, by which he might prolong the existence 
 of his wife and his wretched infants. But naked and 
 unarmed Sosa was unable to find any thing in a country 
 ravaged by barbarians and burned up by the sun. He 
 frequently returned exhausted with fatigue, and the last 
 time he returned he found that his wife and children 
 had expired with hunger and thirst. He had sufficient 
 strength to perform the rites of interment, after w r hich, 
 fleeing from this scene of horror, he roved about in the 
 deserts, where, doubtless he died, as he was never 
 heard of afterwards. 
 
 Such was the fatal issue of Sosa^s voyage in the year 
 1553. The miserable remains of this troop, reduced in 
 number to twenty-six persons, by the fatigues and mise- 
 ries they endured, wandered about a long time, and 
 were, at length, treated as slaves. They would all 
 have finished their career in.this state of hardship had 
 humiliation had not a Portuguese merchant, who repaired 
 from Mozambique to this part of the country to purchase 
 Ivory, ransomed them for four piastres a piece. Of 
 leon Sala was one ; he died at Lisbon of an these Panta- 
 apoplexy, at a very advanced age. 
 
 The disaster of Sosa excited great compassion among 
 his countrymen, but did not correct their imprudence. 
 The fol lowing year five more vessels sailed from the 
 port of Cochin for Portugal, under the command of 
 Fernaml Alvarez Capral. Only one of these ships arri- 
 ved at Lisbon, after encountering a thousand dangers. 
 It is not 'known what became of any cf the others, ex- 
 cepting tire St. Benedict, which was so deeply laden 
 that the sailors could scarcely work her. A violent 
 
192 THE SHIPWRECK OF, &C. 
 
 tempest overtook her in the middle of her course, nea? 
 the Cape of Good Hope ; a gale of wind drove her 
 ashore and destroyed her on the desert coast called 
 Natal. Two hundred men, who endeavored to save 
 themselves by swimming, perished on this occasion. 
 
 Mesquita Perestrella, who survived this disaster, and 
 has left a very accurate account of it, exaggerates the 
 terrors which his companions underwent by the appari- 
 tion of demons in the air, and the noise of the wandering 
 spirits of the sailors, which he declares that he both saw 
 and heard. The unfortunate wretches who escaped from 
 the wreck experienced the same hardships as Sosa and 
 his company ; for having pursued almost the same course, 
 they had to endure the greatest extremity of hunger and 
 thirst. In short, from three hundred they were reduced 
 in number to twenty-three, who, half dead with famine 
 and fatigue, were at length made slaves. A few months 
 afterwards some merchants, who visited that part of the 
 country for the purpose of trade, ransomed and conveyed 
 them to Sofala and Mozambique, where they arrived af- 
 ter suffering almost iacredible misery. 
 
193 
 
 KARRATIVB OF THE 
 
 LOSS OF THE BRIG TYRREL, 
 CAPTAIN ARTHUR COCHLAN : 
 
 Which new overset in a Gale of Wind on for Passage. 
 
 from New-York to Antigua, communicated 
 
 by T. Purnell, the Chief Mate. 
 
 JLN addition to the many dreadful shipwrecks 
 already narrated, the following, which is a circumstan- 
 tial account given by T. Purnell, chief mate of the 
 brig Tyrrel, Arthur Cochlan, commander, and the only 
 person among the whole crew who had the good fortuue 
 to escape, claims our particular attention. 
 
 On Saturday, June 28th, J759, they sailed from 
 New-York to Sandy Hook, and there came to an an- 
 chor, waiting for the captain's coming down with a new 
 boat, and some other articles. Accordingly he came 
 on board early the succeeding morning, and the boat 
 cleared, hoisted in, stowed and lashed. At eight 
 o'clock, A. M. they weighed anchor, sailed out of 
 Sandy Hook, and the same day at noon, took their 
 departure from the High Land Never Sunk, and proceed- 
 ed on their passage to Antigua. As soon as they made 
 sail, the captain ordered the boat to be cast loose, in 
 order that she might be painted, with the oars, rudder, 
 and tiller, which job he (Captain Cochlau) undertook 
 to do himself. 
 
 At fpur P. M. they found the vessel made a little 
 more water, than usual ; but as it did not cause much 
 additional labor at the pump, nothing was thought of if. 
 At eight, the leak did not seem to increase. At twelve 
 it began to blow very hard in squalls, which caused the 
 R 
 
194 LOSS OF THE BRIG TYRREL. 
 
 vessel to lie down v,cry much, whereby it was apprehend- 
 ed she wanted more ballast. Thereupon the captain, 
 ,came on deck, being the starboard watch, close reefed 
 both top-sails. 
 
 At four A. M. the weather moderated let out both 
 reefs : at eight it became still more moderate, and they 
 made more sail, and set top gallant sails ; the weather 
 was still thick and hazy. There was no further obser- 
 vation taken at present, except that the vessel made more 
 water. The captain was now chiefly employed in paint- 
 ing the boat, oars, rudder, arid tiller. 
 
 On Monday, June 30th, at four P. M. the wind was at 
 E. N. E. freshened very much, and blew so very hard, 
 as occasioned the brig to lie along in such a manner as 
 caused general alarm. The captain -was now earnestly 
 intreated to put for New- York, or steer for the Capes of 
 Virginia. At eight, took in top-gallant sail, and close 
 reefed both top-sails, still making more weather. After- 
 wards the weather became still more moderate and fair, 
 -and they made more sail. 
 
 July 1st, at four A. M. it began to blow in squalls very 
 hard ; took in one reef in each top sail, and continued 
 so until eight A. M. the weather being still thick and 
 hazy. No observation. 
 
 The next day she made still more water, but as every 
 watch pumped it out, this was little regarded. At 
 Tour P. ;M. took second reef in each top- sail, close 
 reefed both, and down top-gallant yard ; the gale still 
 increasing. 
 
 At four A. M. the wind got round to N. and there 
 was no likelihood of its abating. At eight, the captain, 
 well satisfied that she was very crank and ought to have 
 iiad more ballast, agreed to make for Bacon-Island 
 Jload, in North Carolina ; and in the very act of wear- 
 ing her, a sudden gust of wind laid her down on her 
 beam-end?, and she never rose again 1 At this time Mr. 
 Purnell was lying iii the cabin, with his clothes on, not 
 having pulled them off since they left laud. Having 
 been rolled out of his bed (on his chest,) with great 
 difficulty he reached the round-hquse door the first salu- 
 tation he met with was from the step-ladder that went 
 from the quarter-deck to the poop, which knocked "him 
 
LOSS OF THE BRIG TYRREL, I $5 
 
 against the companion, (a lucky circumstance for those 
 below, as, by laying the ladder against the companion, 
 it served both him and the rest of the people who were 
 in the steerage, as a conveyance to windward ;) having 
 transported Ihe two after guns forward to bring her more 
 by the head, in order to make her hold a better wind : 
 thus they got through the aftermost gun-port on the 
 quarter-deck, and being all on her broad side, every 
 moveahle rolled to leeward, and as ';thc vessel overset, 
 so -did the boat, and turned bottom upwards, her las! 1 .* 
 ings being cast loose, by order of the captain, and hav- 
 ing no other prospect of saving their lives but by the 
 boat, Purnell, with two others, and the cabin boy (who- 
 were excellent swimmers) plunged into the water, and 
 with great difficulty righted her, when she was brim full, 
 and washing with the water's edge. They then made 
 fast the end of the main-sheet to the ling in her stern- 
 post, and those who were in the fore-chains sent down 
 the end of the boom- tackle, to which they made fast the 
 boat's painter, and by which they lifted her a little out of 
 the water, so that she swam about two or three inches 
 free, but almost full. They then put the cabin-boy into 
 her, and ^gave him a bucket that happened to float by, 
 and he baled away as quick as he couid, and soon after 
 another person got in with- another bucket, and in a 
 short time got all the water out of her. They then put 
 two long oars that were stowed in the larboard quarter 
 of the Tyrrel into the boat, and pulled or rowed right to 
 windward ; for, as the wreck drifted, she made a dread- 
 ful appearance in the water, and Mr. Purnell and two 
 of the people put off from the wreck, in search of the 
 oars, rudder and tiller.- After a long while they succeed- 
 ed in picking: them ail up, one after another. They 
 then returned to their wretched companions, who were 
 all overjoyed to see them, having given them up for 
 lost. By this time night drew on very fast. While 
 they were rowing in the boat, *ome small quantity of 
 white biscuit (Mr. Purnell supposed about half a peck,) 
 floated in a small cask, out of the round house : but, 
 before^it came to hand, was so weaken with salt water, 
 that it was almost in a (mid slate ; and about double 
 the quantity of common ship-biscuit likewise floated, 
 
196 LOSS OF THE BRIG TYRRED. 
 
 which was in like manner soaken. This was all the pro- 
 visions that they had ; not a drop of fredi water could 
 they get ; neither could the carpenter get at any of his 
 tools to scuttle her sides, for, could this have been 
 accomplished, they might have saved plenty of provi- 
 sions and water. 
 
 By this time it was almost dark ; having got one com- 
 pass, it was determined to (\uit the wreck, and take 
 their chance in the boat, which was nineteen' feet six 
 inches long, and six feet four inches broad : Mr. Pur- 
 nell supposes it was now about nine o'clock : it was 
 very dark. They had rim 300 miles by their dead 
 reckoning, on a S. ft. by E. course. The number in the 
 boat was 17 in all ; the boat was very deep, and little hopes 
 were entertained of either seeing land or surviving long. 
 The wind got round to westward, which was the course 
 they wanted to steer ; but it began to blow and rain so 
 very hard, that they were obliged to keep the boat 
 before the wind and sea, in order to preserve her above 
 \vater. Soon after they Lad put off from the wreck the 
 boat shipped two heavy seas, one after another, so that 
 they were obliged to keep her before the wind and sea;; 
 for had she shipped another sea, she certainly would 
 have swamped with them. 
 
 . Uy. sun-rise the next morning, July 3d, thry judged 
 that 'they had been running E. S. E. which was con- 
 trary to their wishes. The wind dying away, the weather 
 became very moderate. The compass which they had 
 saved proved of no utilit3 r , one of the people having 
 trod upon, and broken it ; it was accordingly 'thrown 
 overboard. They no\v proposed to make a sail of frocks 
 ? nd trowsers, but they had got neither needless nor sew- 
 ing-twine ; one of the people however, had a needle in 
 his knife, and another several fishing 'lines in his 
 pockets, which were unlaid by some, and others were 
 employed in ripping the frocks and trowsers. By sun- set 
 they had provided a tolerable lugsail : having split one 
 of the boat's th'outs (which was of yellow deal,) with'a 
 very large knife, which one of the crew had in his 
 pocket, they made a yard and lashed it together by the 
 strands of the fore-top gallant halyards, that were thrown 
 iiih> fh<> beat promiscuously^ They also 1x12 de a mas*. 
 
LOSS OF THE BRIG TYRREL. 19? 
 
 of one of the long oar?, and set their sails, with sheets 
 and tacks made out of the strands of the top-gallant 
 halyards. Their only guide was the North Star. They 
 had a tolerable good breeze all night ; and the whole of 
 the next day, July 4th, the weather continued very mo- 
 derate, and the people were in as good spirits as their 
 dreadful situation would admit. 
 
 July 5th, the wind and weather continued much the 
 same and they knew by the North Star that they were 
 standing in for land. The next day Mr. Purnell observ- 
 ed some of the men drinking salt water, and seeming 
 rather fatigued. At this time they imagined the wind 
 had got round to the southward, and they steered, as they 
 thought by the North Star, to the northwest quarter ; but 
 on the 7th, the wind had got back to the northward and 
 blew very fresh. They got their oars out the greatest 
 part of the night and the next da} r , the wind still dying 
 away, the people labored alternately at the oars, without 
 distinction. About noon the wind sprung up so that they 
 lay on their oars, and as they thought, steered about 
 N. N. W. and continued so until about eight or nine in 
 the morning of July 9th, when they all thought they 
 were upon soundings, by the coldness of the water. 
 They were in general in very good spirits. The weather 
 continued still thick and hazy, and by the North Star, 
 they found that they had been steering about north by 
 west. 
 
 July 10. The people had drank so much salt water, 
 that it came from them as clear as it was before they 
 drank it ; and Mr. Purnell perceived that the second 
 mate had lost a considerable share of his strength and 
 spirits; and also, at noon, that the carpenter was deliri- 
 ous, his malady increasing every hour ; about dusk he 
 had almost overset the boat, by attempting to throw 
 himself overboard, and otherwise behaving quite violent. 
 As his strength, however, failed him, he became more 
 manageable, and they got him to lie down in the middle 
 of the boat, among some of the people. Mr. Purnell 
 drank once a little salt water, but could not .dish it ; he 
 preferred his own urine, which he drank occasionly as 
 he made it. Soon after sun-set the second mate lost 
 his speech. Mr. Paroell desired him to lean his heat! 
 R2 
 
198 LOSS OF THE LR1G TYRREL. 
 
 on him: he died without -a groan or struggle, on the llth 
 of July, being the 9th day they were in the boat. In a 
 lew minutes after the carpenter expired almost in a simi- 
 lar manner. These melancholy scenes rendered the 
 situation of the survivors more dreadful ; it is impossible 
 10 describe their feelings. Despair became general; 
 very man imagined his own dissolution was near, 
 They all now went to prayers ; some in the Welch lan- 
 guage, some in Irish, and others in English ; then afier a 
 little deliberation, they stripped the two dead men, ami 
 hove them overboard. 
 
 The weather being now very mild, and almost calm, 
 they turned to, cleaned the boat, and resolved to make 
 their sail larger out of the frocks and trowsers of the two 
 deceased men. Puniell got the captain to lie down with 
 the rest of the people, the boatswain and one man ex- 
 repted, who assisted him in making the sail larger, which 
 ihey had completed by six or seven o'clock in the after- 
 noon, having made a shroud out of the boat's painter, 
 which served as a shifting back-stay. Purnell also fixed 
 Lis red flannel waistcoat at the mast head, as a signal the 
 most likely to be seen. 
 
 Soon after this some of them observed a sloop at a 
 great distance, coming, as they thought, from the land. 
 This roused every man's spirits : they got out their cars, 
 at which they labored alternately, exerting all their re- 
 maining strength to come up with her ; but night coming 
 on, and the sloop getting a fresh breeze of wind, they ; 
 Tost sight of her, which occasioned a general consterna- 
 tion ; however, the appearance of the North Star, which 
 they kept on their starboard bow, gave them hopes that 
 they stood in for land. This night one William Wathing. 
 died ; he was 64 years of age, and had been to sea 5Q . 
 years : quite worn out with fatigue and hunger, he earn-, 
 estlj prayed, to the last moment for a drop of water to . 
 cool his tongue. Early the next morning Hugh Williams 
 also died, and in the course of the day, another of the 
 crew ; entirely exhausted, they both expired without $ ; 
 groan.' 
 
 Early in the morning of July 13th, it J>egan to blow 
 very fresh, and increased so much that they were obligee] 
 to furl their sail,, and keep their boat before tie wind aju| 
 
LOSS OF TIIE BRIG TYRREL. 199^ 
 
 &ea, which drove them off soundings. In the evening 
 their 2;urmer died. The weather now becoming mode* 
 rate, and the wind, in the S. W. quarter, they made sail, 
 not one of them being able to row or pull an oar at any 
 rate ; they ran all this night with a fine breeze. 
 
 .The next induing, July I4ih, two more of the. crew 
 died, and in the evening they also Jost the same number. 
 They found they v, ere on soundings again, snd conclud- 
 ed the wind had got round to the N. W. quarter, They 
 stood in for the land all this night, and early on July 15ih, 
 two others died : the deceased were thrown overboard 
 as soon as their breath had departed. The weather was 
 now thick and hazy, and they were still certain that 
 they were on soundings. 
 
 The cabin boy was seldom required to do any thing, 
 ?tnd as his intellects, at this time, were very good, and 
 his understanding clear, it was the opinion of I\ir. Purueli 
 that he would survive them all, but he prudently kept 
 his thoughts to himself. The captain seemed likewise 
 tolerably well, and te have kept up his spirits. On ac- 
 count of the haziness of the weather, they could not so 
 well know how they steered in the day-time, as at night ; 
 for, whenever the North Star appeared, they endeavored 
 to keep it on their starboard bo;v, by which means they 
 were certain of making the laud some, t^ie or other. In 
 the evening two more of the crew 7 died ; also, before, 
 sun-rise, one Thomas philpot, an old experienced sea- 
 man, an^l very strong ; he Departed rather convulsed.: 
 haying latterly lost the power of articulation, his mean- 
 ing could not be comprehended. He was a native of 
 Belfast, Ireland, and had no family. The survivors 
 found it very difficult to heave l)is body overboard as, -he 
 was a very corpulent man. 
 
 About six or seven the nest morning, July 1 6th, they 
 stood in , for land, according to the best of their judg- 
 ment ; the weather still thick and hazy. Purnell no\y 
 prevailed upon tbe captain and boatswain of the boat to 
 lie down in the fore part of the boat, to bring her more 
 by the head, in order to, make l?er hold a better, wind. 
 In th.e evening the cabin ^oy, who lately appeared so 
 well, breathed his last, leaving behind the captain, the 
 c, aii'Jl Mr. purndl, 4 
 
200 LOSS OF THE BRIG TYRREL. 
 
 The next, morning, July 17th, Purnell asked his two 
 companions if they thought they could eat any of the 
 boy's flesh ; and having expressed an inclination to try, 
 and the boy being quite cold, he cut the inside of his 
 thigh, a little above his knee, and gave a piece to the 
 captain and boatswain, reserving a small piece for him- 
 self ; but so weak were their stomachs, that none of 
 them could swallow a morsel of it; the body was there- 
 fore thrown overboard. 
 
 Early in the morning of the 18th, Mr. PurneH found 
 both of his companions dead ami cold ! Thus destitute, 
 he began to think of his own dissolution ; though feeble, 
 his understanding was still clear, and his spirits as good 
 as his forlorn situation would possibly admit. By the 
 color and coldness of the water, he knew he was not far 
 from land, and still maintained hopes of making it. 
 The weather continued very foggy. He lay to, all this 
 night, which was very dark, with the boat's head to the 
 northward. 
 
 In the morning of the 1 9th, it began to rain ; it cleared 
 up in the afternoon, and the wind died away ; still Pur- 
 nell was convinced he was on soundings. 
 
 On the 20th, in the afternoon, he thought he saw land, 
 and stood in for it ; but night coming on, and it being 
 now very dark, lie lay to, fearing he might get on some 
 rocks or shoals. 
 
 July 21st, the weather was very fine all the morning, 
 but. in the afternoon it became thick and nasty. Purnell's 
 spirits still remained good, but his strength was almost 
 exhausted : he still drank his own water occasionally. 
 
 On the 22d, he saw some barnacles on the boat's rud- 
 der, very similar to the spawn of an oyster, which 
 fllled him with great hopes of being near to land. He 
 unshipped the rudder, and scraping them off with his 
 knife, found they were of a salt fishy substance, and eat 
 them ; he v/as now so weak, and the boat having a great 
 motion, that he found it a difficult tas{t to ship the rud- 
 der. 
 
 At sunrise, July 23d, he beearne so sure that he saw 
 land, that his spirits 'were considerably raised. In the 
 middle of this day he got up, leaned his back against the 
 mast, ajul redfeived succour from the s^n, having prevf- 
 
LOSS OF THE BRIG TYTIREL. 201 
 
 ously contrived to steer the boat in this position. The 
 >:ext day he saw, at a very great distance, some kind of 
 a sail, which he judged was coining from the land> 
 which he soon lost sight of. In the middle of the day 
 hegotup, and received warmth from the sun as before, 
 He stood on all night for the land. 
 
 Very early in the morning cf the 25th, after c-rinking 
 his morning clrausrht, to his inexpressible joy, he saw, 
 while the sun was rising, a sail, and when the sun was 
 up, found she was a two mast vessel. He was, however, 
 considerably perplexed, not knowing what to do, as she 
 was a great distance astern and to the leeward. In or- 
 der to watch her motion better, he tacked about: Soon 
 after this he perceived she was standing on her starboard 
 tack, which was the same he had been standing on for 
 many hours. He saw she approached him very fast, and 
 lie lay to. for some time, till he believed s]ie was within 
 two miles of the boat, but still to leeward'; therefore he 
 thought it best to steer larger, when he found she was a 
 topsail schooner, nearing him YFTV fast. He continued 
 to edge down towsids- her, UL..; he had brought her 
 about two points under his lee-bow, having it in his power 
 to spring his luff, or bear away. By this time she wife 
 within half a mile, and he saw some of the people 
 standing forward on her deck, and waving fur him tb 
 come under their lee bow. At the distance of about 
 200 yards, they hove the schooner up in the wind, and 
 kept her so until Pumeil got along^d--, when they threw 
 him a rope, still keeping the schooner in the wind. 
 They now interrogated him very closely ; by the man- 
 ner the boat and oars were painted, they imagined she 
 belonged to a man or war, and tiiat they had ran awaj* 
 \vith her from some of his majesty's ships at Halifax', 
 consequently that they would be liable to some punish- 
 ment if they took him up: they also thought, as the 
 captain and boatswain were lying dead in- the boat, they 
 might expose themselves to some contagious disorder. 
 Thus they kept Furnell in suspence for sometime. They' 
 lold 1 im they had made the land that mormug- from 
 the mast head, and that they weie running along shore 
 for Marblehead, to which place they belong^, and where- 
 they expected to be the next morning. At last they told 
 
202 LOSS O? THE BRIG TTRREL. 
 
 him he might corr.e on board ; which, as he said, he 
 could not without assistance ; when the captain ordered 
 two of his men to help him. They conducted him aft 
 on the quarter-deck, where they left him resting against 
 the companion. They were now for casting the boat 
 adrift, when PurneH told them she was not above a 
 month old, built at New-York, and if they would hoist 
 her in, it would pay them well for their trouble. To 
 this they agreed, arid having thrown the two corpses 
 overboard, and taken out the clothes that were left by 
 the deceased, they hcisteti her in and made sail. 
 
 Being now on board, Purneli asked for a little water ; 
 Captain Castfeman, (for that was hiyname) ordered one 
 cf his sons (having two or, board) to fetch him some ; 
 when he came with the water, his father looked to see 
 how much he was bringing him, and thinking it too 
 much threw a part of it away, and desired him to give 
 the remainder, which he drank, being the first fresh 
 water \\e had tasted for 23 days. As he leaned all this 
 time against the companion, he became very cold, and 
 begged to go below: the captain ordered two men to 
 help him do\vn to the cabin, where they left him sitting 
 on the cabin deck, leaning upon the lockers, all hands 
 being now engaged io hoisting in anil securing the boat. 
 This done, all hands went down to breakfast, except the 
 man at the helm. They made some soup for Purneli, 
 Vv-hich he thought ^ery good, but at that time could eat 
 but very little, and inconsequence of his late draughts, 
 h2 had broke out in many p^rts of his bocVv, so that he 
 was in great pain whenever "he- stirred. They made a 
 bed for him out Of ail old sail, and behaved very atten- 
 tive. While they -Vote at" breakfast a squall of wind 
 eam.c on, which calletl'lhwii all upon deck; during their 
 absence,- Purnel! took up a stone bottle, and without 
 smelling or tasting it, but thin-Icing it was rum, took a 
 hearty draught of if,' and found it to be sweet oil ; having 
 placed it where fee found-' it, he lay down. 
 
 They still ran alone; shore with the land in sight, and 
 Were iii <rreal hopes, of getting into port that night, but 
 wind <iyinsjvaw?.y, they did not 'get in till nine o'el 
 the next 'night, A-ithP. *ime P^r^eir 'remained like 
 
 ;the 
 
 ,. 
 
LO3S OF THE BRIG TYRREL. 203 
 
 child ; some one or other was always with him, to give 
 him whatever he wished to eat or drink. 
 
 As soon as they came to anchor, Captain Castleman 
 
 went on shore, and returned on board the next morning 
 
 with the owner, John Picket, Esq. Soon after they got 
 
 Porneli into a boat and carried him on shore ; but he 
 
 I was still so very feeble, that he was obliged to be sup- 
 
 > ported by two men. Mr v Picket took a very genteel 
 
 lodging for him, and hired a nurse to attend him ; he 
 
 was, immediately put to bed, ami afterwards provided 
 
 with a change of clothes. In the course of the day he 
 
 i was visited by every doctor in the town, who all gave 
 
 him hopes of recovering ; but told him it would be some 
 
 time, for the stronger the constitution, (said they) the 
 
 longer it takes to recover its lost strength. Though 
 
 treated with the utmost tenderness ami humanity, it was 
 
 three weeks before he was able to come down stairs. He 
 
 j. stayed in Marblehead two monthSj" during which he lived 
 
 i very comfortably, ami gradual'y recovered his strength. 
 
 i The brig's boat and oars were sold for $95, which paid 
 
 all his expences, and procured him a passage to Boston. 
 
 | The nails of his lingers and toes withered away almost 
 
 I to nothing, and did not begin to grow for many months 
 
 i after. 
 
NARRATIVE OP THE 
 
 SUFFERINGS AND EXTRAORDINARY ADVEN- 
 TURES OF FOUR RUSSIAN SAILORS, 
 
 Who were cast away on the Desert Island o 
 Spitsbergen, in 1743. 
 
 J_N the year 17^3, Jeremiah Okladmkoff, a mer- 
 chant of Mesen, in the Province of Jugovia, and the 
 government of Archangel, fitted out a vessel carrying 14 
 men. She was destined for Spitsbergen, to be employ- 
 ed in the whale and seal fishery. For eight successive 
 days after they had sailed, the wind was fair ; but on the 
 ninth it changed, so that instead of getting to the west of 
 Spitsbergen, the usual place of rendevous for the Dutch 
 ships, and those of other nations annually employed in 
 the whale fisheries, they were driven eastward of those 
 islands, and after some days they found themselves at a 
 small distance from one of them, called East- Spitsber- 
 gen. 
 
 Having approached this island within about three 
 wersts, or two English miles, their vessel was suddenly 
 surrounded by ice, and they found themselves in an ex- 
 tremely dangerous situation. In this alarming state a 
 consultation was held, when the mate, Alexis Himkoflf, 
 declared, he recollected he had heard that some of the 
 people of Mesen, having some time before, formed a 
 resolution of wintering on this island, had accordingly 
 carried from that town timber proper for building a hut, 
 and had actually erected one at some distance from the 
 shore. 
 
EXTRAORDINARY ADVENTURES, &.C. 205 
 
 This information induced the whole company to 
 resolve on wintering there ; if, as they hoped, the hut 
 still existed : for they clearly perceived the imminent 
 cla.i^er in which they were, and that they must inevita- 
 bly parish if they continued in the ship. They, there- 
 fore, despatched four of the crew in search of the hut, 
 or any other succor they could meet with. These 
 were Alexis HimkofT, the mate, I wan Hhnkoff, his god- 
 son, Stephen Scharapofl', and Feoder Weregin. As the 
 shore on which they were to land was uninhabited, it 
 was necessary that they should make some provision 
 for their expedition. They had almost two miles to 
 travel over loose bridges of ice, which being raised by 
 the waves, and driven against each other by the wind, ren- 
 dered the way equally difficult and dangerous. Prudence, 
 therefore, forbade their loading themselves too much, lest 
 being oveibnrthened, they might sink between the pie- 
 ces of ice and perish. 
 
 Having thus maturely considered the nature of their 
 undertaking, the} provided themselves with a musket, 
 a powder-horn, containing twelve charges of powder, 
 with as many balls ; an axe, a small kettle, a bag with 
 about twenty pounds of flour, a knife, a tinder-box and 
 tinder, a bladder filled with tobacco, and every man his 
 wooden pipe. Thus equipped these four sailors arrived 
 on the island, little suspecting the misfortune that was 
 about to befal them. The first thing they did was to ex- 
 plore the country, and soon discovered the hut they 
 were in search of, about a mile and a half from the shore. 
 It was thirty-six feet in length, eighteen in breadth, and 
 as many high. It contained a small anti-chamber, about 
 twelve feet broad, whicsh had two doors, one to shut 
 out the exterior air, the other to communicate with the 
 inner room. This contributed greatly to keep the lar- 
 ger lootn warm when once heated. In the large roonl 
 was an earthen stove, constructed in the Russian man- 
 ner ; tiiat is, a kind of oven without a chimney ; which 
 serves occasionly either for baking, for heating the 
 room, or, as Is customary among the Russian peasants in 
 very cold weather, to sleep upon. 
 S 
 
EXTRAORDINARY ADVENTURES OF 
 
 Tliis discovery gave our adventurers great joy. The 
 hut had, however, suffered much from the weather, 
 having now been built a considerable time. They pass- 
 ed the night in it, and early the next morning hastened 
 to the shore, impatient to inform their comrades of their 
 success, and also to procure provisions, ammunition, and 
 other necessities as might better enable the crew to win- 
 ter on the island. Their astonishment and agony of 
 mind, when on reaching the place where they had land- 
 ed, they saw nothing but an open sea, free from ice, 
 which but the day before had covered the ocean, 
 may more easily be conceived than descried. A violent 
 storm which ha<l arisen during the preceding night, had 
 been the cause of this disastrous event. But they could 
 not tell whether the ice which had before hemmed in 
 the vessel, had been driven by the viotence of the 
 waves against the ship, and shattered her to pieces ; or 
 whether she had been carried out to sea by the current, 
 fi circumstance which Jrequently happens in those seas. 
 Whatever accident had befallen her, they saw her no 
 more ; and as no tidings were ever afterwards received 
 of her, it is most probable that she sunk, and that all on 
 board of her perished. 
 
 This unfortunate event .deprived the wretched mari- 
 ners of all hope of ever being able to quit the island, 
 and they returned to the hut full of horror and despair. 
 Their first attention was .employed, rs may easily be 
 imagined, ;jjn devising the aneans of providing subsis- 
 tence and repairing their hut. The twelve charges of 
 powder which they had brought with them, soon pro- 
 cured them as .many rein-deer, with which animals the 
 island abounds. 
 
 It has already been observed that Ihe hut discovered 
 by the sailors had sustained some damage. There 
 were cracks in many places between the boards of the 
 building, which allowed free admission to the air. 
 This inconvenience was, however, easily remedied ; as 
 they had an axe, and the beams were still sound, it was 
 p ; n easy matter to make the boards join again very tol- 
 erably ; besides, as moss grew in great abundnnc ; 
 over tbe island, there was jmore than sufiieierJ to fill 
 
POUR RUSSIAN SAILORS. 207 
 
 tip the crevices, to which wooden houses must always 
 be liable. Repairs of tin's kind cost the unhappy men 
 the less trouble, as they were Russians, for all Russian 
 peasants are good carpenters, building their own 
 houses, and being, in general, very expert in handling 
 the axe. 
 
 The intense cold which makes those climates habita- 
 ble to so few species of animals, renders them equally 
 unfit for the production of vegetables. No species of 
 tree or even shrub is found on any of the islands of 
 Spitsbergen, a circumstance of the most alarming na- 
 ture to our sailors. Without fire it was impossible to 
 resist the severity of the climate ; and without wood 
 how was that fire to be produced or supported ? Provi- 
 dence has, however, so ordered it, that in this particular 
 the sea supplies the defects of the land. In wandering 
 along the beach they collected plenty of wood, which 
 had been driven ashore by the waves. It consisted at 
 first of the wrecks of ships, and afterwards of whole 
 trees with their roots, the produce of some more hospi- 
 table, but to them unknown, country. 
 
 During the first year of their exile, nothing proved 
 of more essential service to these unfortunate men, 
 than some boards they found on the beach, having a 
 long iron hook, some nails about five or six inches in 
 length and proportionally thick, together with other 
 pieces of old iron fixed in them, the melancloly relics 
 of some vessels cast away in those remote parts. These 
 were thrown on shore by the waves, at a time when the 
 want of powder gave our men reason to apprehend that 
 they must fall a prey to hunger, as they had nearly con- 
 sumed the rein-deer they had killed. This circumstance 
 was succeeded by another equally fortunate ; they found 
 on the shore the root of a fir-tree, which nearly approach- 
 ed to the figure of a bow. 
 
 As necessity has ever been the mother of invention, 
 so with the help of a knife they soon converted this root 
 into a good bow ; but they still wanting a string and 
 arrows. Not knowing how to procure these at present, 
 they resolved upon making a couple of lances to defend 
 themselves against the white bears, the attacks of which 
 
203 EXTRAORDINARY ADVENTURES O3 1 
 
 animals, by far the most ferocious of their kind, they 
 had great reason to dread. Finding (hey could ne!i!,-i- 
 make the heads of their lances, nor their arrows, with- 
 out the help of a hammer, they contrived to form the 
 Targe iron hook mentioned above in one, by heating 
 it, and widening a hole it happened to have about its 
 middle, with the assistance of one of the largest nails. 
 This received the handle, and a round knob at one 
 end of the hook served for the face of the hammer. A 
 large stone supplied the place of the anvil, the tongs 
 were formed of a couple of rein deer's horns. With 
 these tools they made two spearheads, and after polish- 
 ing and sharpening them on stones, they tied them as 
 fast as possible with thongs of rein deer skin, to sticks 
 about the thickness of a man's arm, which they got 
 from some branches of trees that had been ca.st on shore. 
 Thus equipped with spears, they resolved to attack a 
 white bear ; and after a most dangerous encounter, they 
 killed the formidable creature, and thus obtained a fresh 
 supply of provisions. The flesh of this animal they 
 relished exceedingly, and they thought it much resem- 
 bled beef in flavor. They perceived, with great pleas- 
 ure, that the tendons might, with little or no trouble, 
 be divided into filaments as fine as they pleased. This 
 was perhaps the most fortunate discovery these men 
 could have made ; for besides other advantages, they 
 were thus furnished with strings for their bow. 
 
 The success our unfortunate islanders had experienced 
 in making the spears, and the great utility of the latter, 
 encouraged them to proceed, and to forge some pieces 
 of iron into heads of arrows of the same shape, though 
 somewhat smaller than those of the spears. Having 
 ground and sharpened these like the former, they tied 
 them with the sinews of the white bears to pieces of fir, 
 ;ich, by means of sinews also of the white bear, 
 they fastened feathers of sea fowl, and thus became pos- 
 sessed of a complete bow and arrows. Their ingenuity 
 in this respect was crowned with success far beyond 
 their expectation ; for during the time of their continu- 
 ance upon the island, they killed with the arrows no less 
 than 250 rein- deer, besides a great number of blue fend 
 
FOUR RUSSIAN SAILORS. 209 
 
 white foxes. The flesh of these animals served them 
 for food, and their skins for -clothing, and other neces- 
 sary preservatives against the intense cold of a climate so 
 iiear the pole. 
 
 They, however, killed only ten white bears in all, and 
 these not without the utmost danger ; for these animals 
 being prodigiously strong, defended themselves with 
 astonishing vigor and fury. - The first they attacked de- 
 signedly, but the other nine they killed in their own 
 defence ; for some of these creatures even ventured to 
 enter the outer room of their hut in order to devour 
 them. All the bears did not, it is true, shew an equal 
 degree of fury ; either because some were less pressed 
 by hunger, or were naturally of a less ferocious disposi- 
 tion ; for several which entered the hut immediately 
 betook themselves to flight on the first attempt of the 
 sailors to drive them away. A repetition of the formi- 
 dable attacks threw the men into great terror and anx- 
 iety, as they were in almost perpetual danger of being 
 devoured. The rein-doer, the blue and white foxes, 
 and the white bears, were the only food these wretched 
 mariners tasted during their continuance in that dreary 
 abode. 
 
 In their excursions through the island, they had four. ! 
 nearly the middle of it a slimy loam,, or a kind of ctay . 
 Out of this they found means to form a utensil to serve 
 for a lamp, and they proposed to keep it constantly 
 burning with the fat of the animals they might kill. To 
 have been destitute of light, in a country where, in win- 
 ter, darkness reigns for several months together, would 
 have greatly increased their other calamities. Having, 
 therefore, fashioned a kind of lamp, they filled it wi-h 
 some rein-deer's fat, and stuck in it some linen twisted 
 into the shape of a wick. But they had the mortification 
 to find that, as soon as the fat melted, it not only soak- 
 ed into the clay, but fairly ran through it on all sides. 
 It was, therefore, necessary to contrive some method of 
 preventing this inconvenience, which did not proceed 
 from cracks, but from the subsistance of which the lamp 
 was made being too porous. They made another one, 
 dried it thoroughly in the air, then heated it red hot. aad 
 S2 
 
10 EXTRA ORDINARY ADVENTURES OF 
 
 afterwards quenched it in their kettle, in which they had 
 boiled down a quantity of flour to the consistance of 
 starch. The lamp being then dried and filled with melt- 
 ed fat, they now found to their great joy that it did not 
 leak. But, for greater security, they dipped linen rags 
 in their paste, and with them covered it all over on the 
 outside. Having succeeded in this attempt, they imme- 
 diately made another lamp for fear of an accident, that 
 at all events (hey might not be destitute of a light ; upon 
 which they determined to reserve the remainder of their 
 flour for similar purposes. 
 
 As they had carefully collected whatever happened to 
 be cast on shore to supply themselves with fuel, they 
 had found among the wrecks of vessels some cordage 
 and a small quantity of oakum, which served them to 
 rnuke wicks for their lamp. When these stores began 
 to fail, Iheir shirts and trowsers were employed to make 
 good the deficiency. By these means they kept their 
 I.Hinp burring without intermission, from the day they 
 first made it, which was soon after their arrival on the 
 inland, until (licit of their embarkation for their native 
 country. 
 
 The necessity of converting the most essential parts 
 of their clothing, such ns their shirts and drawers,, 
 to the use above specified, exposed them the more to 
 <he rigor of the climate. They also found themselves 
 in want of shoes, boots, and other articles of dress ; 
 ?)nd as winter was approaching, they were again obliged 
 io have recourse to that ingenuity which necessity sug- 
 gests, and which seldom fails in the trying hour of 
 distress. 
 
 They had abundance of skins of foxes and rein deer, 
 that had hitherto served them for bedding, and which 
 they now thought af employing to some more essential 
 service, but they were at a loss how to tan them. After 
 some deliberation, they resolved to adopt the following 
 method : They soaked the skins for several da} sin fresh 
 water, till they could pull otf the hair pretty easily ; 
 they then rubbed ihe wet skin with their hands until it 
 was nearly dry, when they spread some melted rain- 
 vit over ;t ? and again rubbed it well. By this -pro- 
 
FOUR RUSSIAN SAILORS. 2 Li 
 
 cess the leather was rendered soft, pliant, and supple, 
 and proper for every purpose for which they wanted to 
 employ it. Those &kins that we:e designed for furs, 
 they soaked only one day to prepare them for being 
 wrought, and then proceeded in the mariner be fore- 
 mentioned, excepting only tfcat they did not remove the 
 bair. Thus they soon provided themselves with the ne- 
 cessary materials for all the parts of diess they wanted, 
 
 They made a curious needle out of a piece of wire ; 
 and the sinews of the bear and rein-deer, which they 
 split into several threads, served them to sew with. 
 
 Excepting an uneasiness which generally accompanies 
 an involuntary solitude, these people having thus, by 
 their ingenuity, so for overcome their wanls. mi^ht l;avi? 
 had reason to be contented with what. Providence had 
 tlone for them in their distressful situation. But that 
 melancholy reflection, to which each of these A. i lorn 
 persons could not help giving way, that perhaps he n'ight 
 survive his companions, and then perish for want of suii- 
 sistance, or become a prey to the wild beasts, incessantly 
 disturbed their minds. The mate, Alexis Hiiiiki ii', 
 more particularly suffered ; having left a wife and three 
 children behind, he was deeply afflicted at his separation 
 from them. He declared, after bis return, that they 
 were constantly in his mind, and that the thought of never 
 inore seeing them rendered him very unhappy. 
 
 When our four mariners had passed nearly six years 
 in this dreary place, Peodor Weregin, who had from the 
 first been in a languid condition, died, after suffering 
 excruciating pains during the latter part of his life. 
 Though they were relieved by that event from the trouble 
 of attending him, and the pain of witnessing without 
 being able to alleviate his misery, yet his death affected 
 them not a little. They saw their numbers diminished, 
 and each of the survivors wished to be the next to fol- 
 low him. 
 
 As he died in winter, they dug a grave in the snow as 
 deep as they could, in which they laid the corpse, and 
 then covered it to the best of their power, that the w hitp 
 bears might not get at it, The melancloly reflect 1 . 
 
212 EXTRAORDINARY ADVENTURES OF 
 
 occasioned by the death of their comrade were still fresh 
 in their minds, and each expected to pay this last duly 
 to his remaining companions in misfortune, or to receive 
 it from them, when, on the 15th of August 174i), a Rus- 
 sian ship unexpectedly appeared in sight. 
 
 The vessel belonged to a trader, who had come with 
 it to Archangel, intending; that it should winter in Nova 
 Zembla, but, fortunately for our poor exiles, the director 
 of the whale fishery proposed to the merchant to let 
 his vessel winter at West-Spitsbergen, to which, after 
 many objections, he at length agreed. 
 
 The contrary winds they met with ou their passage 
 made it impossible for them to reach the place of their 
 destination. The vessel was driven towards East-Spits- 
 bergen, directly opposite to the residence of our mari- 
 ners, who, as soon as they perceived her, hastened to 
 light fires upon the hills nearest their habitation, and then 
 ran to the beach, waving a flag made of rein-deer's skin, 
 fastened to a pole. The people on board, perceiving 
 these signals, concluded that there were men upon the 
 island, who implored their assistance, and therefore 
 carne to an anchor near the shore. It would be in vain 
 to attempt to describe the joy of these poor people, at 
 seeing the moment of their deliverance so near. They 
 soon agreed with the master of the ship to work for him 
 during the voyage, and to pay him eighty rubles on their 
 arrival, for taking them on board with all their riches, 
 which consisted of fifty pud, or, 2000 pounds weight of 
 rein-deer fat ; besides many hides of : those animals, skins 
 of blue and white foxes, and those of the ten white 
 bears they had killed. They took care not to forget 
 their bow and arrows, their spears, their knife, and axe, 
 which were almost worn out, their awls and their needles, 
 which they carefully kept in a bone box, very ingeniously 
 made with their knife only ; and in short every thing 
 they possessed. 
 
 Our adventurers arrived safe at Archangel on the 28th 
 of September, 1749, having spent six years and three 
 months in their dreary solitude. The moment of their 
 g was aear provicg fatal to the loving antj belov.edr 
 
FOUlt RUSSIAN SAILORS. 
 
 wife of Alexis Kimkoff, who being present when tlie 
 vessel came into port, immediately knew her husband, 
 and ran with such eagerness to his embraces, that she 
 slipped into the water and very narrowly escaped being 
 drowned. 
 
 All three on their arrival were strong and healthy ; but 
 having Jived so long without bread, they could not re- 
 concile themselves to the use of it, and complained that 
 it filled them with wind ; nor could they bear any spiritu- 
 ous liquors, and therefore never drank any thing but 
 water afterwards. 
 
214 
 
 LOSS OF THE 
 
 HALSEWELL EAST-INDIAMAN, 
 
 Wrecked offSeacombe, in the Isle of Purbeck, on iht 
 Coast of Dorsetshire, January 6th, 1786. 
 
 JL HE Haisewell East-Indiamaii, of 758 tons 
 burthen, Richard Pierce, Esq. commander, having 
 been laken up by the Directors to make her third 
 voyage to Coast and Bay, fell down to Gravesend the 
 16th of November, 1785, and there completed her 
 ladiiig. Having taken the ladies and other passengers 
 on board at the Hope, she sailed through the Downs on 
 Sunday, January the 1st, 178G, and the next morning, 
 being abreast of Dunnose, it fell calm. 
 
 The ship was one of the finest in the service, and 
 supposed to be in the most perfect condition for her 
 voyage ; and the commander a man of distinguished 
 ability and exemplary character. His officers possessed 
 unquestioned knowledge in their profession ; the crew, 
 composed of the best seamen that could be collected, 
 Was as numerous as the establishment admits. The 
 vessel likewise contained a considerable body of 
 soldiers, destined to recruit the forces of the Company 
 in Asia. 
 
 The passengers were Miss Eliza Pierce, and Miss 
 Mary-Arme Pierce, daughters of the commander ; Miss 
 Amy Paul, and Miss Mary Paul, Daughters of Mr. Paul, 
 of Somersetshire, and relations of Captain Pierce ; MIPS 
 Elizabeth Blackburne. daughter of Captain B. .likewise 
 in the service of the East-India Company ; Miss "Mary 
 
LOSS OF THE HALSEWELL. 215 
 
 Haggard, sister to an officer on the Madras establish- 
 ment; Miss Ann Mansell, a native of Madras, but of 
 European parents, who had received her education in 
 England; and John-Georgs Sehutz. Esq. returning to 
 Asia, where he had long resided, to collect a part of his 
 fortune which he had left behind. 
 
 On Monday, the 2d of January, at three P. M. a 
 breeze springing .up from the south, they ran in shore to 
 land the pilot. The weather coming on very thick in 
 the evening, and the wind baffling, at nine they were 
 obliged to anchor in eighteen fathom water. They furled 
 their top sails, but were unable to furl (heir courses, the 
 snow falling thick and freezing as it fell, 
 
 Tuesday, the 3d. at 4 A. M. a violent gale came on 
 from E. N. E. and the ship driving, they were obliged 
 to cut their cables and run out to sea. At noon they 
 spoke with a brig to Dublin,. and having put their pilot 
 on board of her, bore down channel immediately. At 
 eight in the evening the wind freshening, and coming to 
 the southward, they reefed such sails as were judged 
 necessary. At ten it blew a violent gale at south, and 
 they were obliged to carry a press of sail to keep the 
 ship off the shore. In this situation, the hawse-plugs, 
 which, according to a recent improvement, were put 
 Inside, were washed in, and the hawse-bags washed 
 sway, in consequence of which they shipped a great 
 quantity of water on the gun-deck. 
 
 Upon sounding the well they found -tliat the vessel had = 
 sprung a leak, and had five feet -of water m her hold ; ' 
 they clued up the main top-sail, hauled up the main-sail, 
 and immediately attempted to furl both, but failed in the 
 attempt. All the pumps were set to work on the disco- 
 very of Vac leak. 
 
 Wednesday the 4th, at two A. M. they endeavored to 
 wear the ship, but without success. The mi z en-mast 
 was instantly cut away, and a second attempt made to 
 wear, which succeeded no better than the former. The 
 ship having now seven feet water in her hold, and the 
 leak gaining fast on the pumps, it was thought ijEfcpedieiu 
 for the preservation of the sbip, which appeaM to be 
 in immediate danger of foundering, to cut away the 
 
LOSS OF THE HAUSEWELL. 
 
 main mast. In its fall Jonathan Moreton, coxswain, and 
 four men, were carried overboard by the wreck and 
 drowned. By eight o'clock the wreck was cleared, and 
 the ship got before the wind. In this position she was 
 kept about two hours, during which the pumps reduced 
 the water in the hold two feet. 
 
 At ten in the morning the wind abated considerably, 
 and the ship laboring extremely, rolled the fore top- mast 
 over on the larboard side, which, in the fall, tore the 
 foresail to pieces. At eleven the wind came to the west- 
 ward, and the weather clearing up, the Berry-Head was 
 distinguished, at the distance of four or five leagues. 
 Having erected a jury main mast, and set a top-gallant 
 sail, for a main sail, they bore up for Portsmouth, and 
 employed the remainder of the day in getting up a jury 
 mizen-mast. 
 
 On Thursday the 5th, at two in the morning the wind 
 came to the southward, blew fresh, and the weather was 
 very thick. At noon Portland was seen, bearing north 
 by east, distant about two or three leagues. At eight at 
 night it blew a strong gale at south ; the Portland lights 
 were seen bearing northwest, distant four or five leagues, 
 when they wore ship and got her head to the westward. 
 Finding they lost ground on that tack, they wore her 
 again, and kept stretching t<> the eastward, in the hope 
 of weathering Peverel- Point, in which case they intended 
 to have anchored in Studland Bay. At eleven they saw 
 jjjBt. Alban's Head, a mile and a half to the leeward, upon 
 ipwhich they took in sail immediately, and let go the 
 small bower anchor, which brought up the ship at a 
 whole cable, and she rode for about an hour, and then 
 drove. They now let go the sheet anchor, and wore 
 away a whole cable ; the ship rode about two hours longer 
 when she drove again. 
 
 In this situation the captain sent for Mr. Henry Meriton, 
 the chief officer, and asked his opinion concerning the 
 probability of saving their lives. He replied with equal 
 candor and calmness, that he apprehended there was 
 very litwpiopes, as they were then driving fast on shore, 
 and mig^nrexpect every moment to strike. It was agreed 
 that the boats could not then be of any vise, but it was 
 
LOSS OF THE HALSEWELL. 217 
 
 proposed that the officers should be confidentially request- 
 
 ia case an opportunity presented itself, of making 
 
 it serviceable, to reserve the long boat for the ladies 
 
 and themselves, and this precaution was accordingly 
 
 en. 
 
 About two in the morning of Friday, the 6th, the 
 ship still driving, and approaching the shore very fast, 
 the same officer again went into the cuddy where the 
 captain then was. Captain Pierce expressed extreme 
 anxiety for the preservation <?f his beloved daughters, 
 and earnestly asked Mr. Meriton, if he could devise any 
 means of saving them. The latter expressed his fears 
 that it would be impossible, adding, that their only 
 chance would be to wait for the morning, upon which 
 the captain lifted up his hands in silent distress. 
 
 At this moment the ship struck with such violence 
 as to dash the heads of those who were standing in 
 the cuddy against the deck above them, and the fatal 
 blow was accompanied by a shriek of horror, which 
 burst at the same instant from every quarter of the 
 ship. 
 
 The seamen, many of whom had been remarkably 
 inattentive and remiss in their dufj r during great part of 
 the storm, and had actually skulked in their hammocks, 
 leaving the exertions of the pump, and the other labors 
 required by their situation, to the officers, roused to a 
 sense of their danger, now poured upon the deck, to 
 which the utmost endeavors of their officers could not 
 keep them while their a^i~',uur might have been use- 
 ful. But it was now too late ; the ship continued to 
 beat upon the rocks, and soon bulged, foKing with her 
 broadside towards the shore. When the fclr'p struck, 
 several of the men caught hold cf the ensign- staff", 
 under the apprehension of her going to pieces iinme- 
 
 At this critical juncture PIr. l>Zeiiton offered his un- 
 happy companions the best advice that possibly could 
 be given, lie recommended that they should all repair 
 to that side of the ship which lay lowest cntMtocks, and 
 take the opportunities thr.t nJght {hen presen^Bfciyjselves 
 of escaping singly to the shore. He then returnca (othe 
 
 rp 
 
 *- 
 
218 LOSS OF THE HALSEWELL, 
 
 round-house, where all the passengers and most of the 
 officers were assembled. The latter were employed in 
 affording consolation to the unfortunate ladies, and with 
 unparalleled magnanimity, suffering their compassion 
 for the amiable companions of their own danger, and 
 the dread of almost inevitable destruction. At this mo- 
 ment what must have been the feelings of a father of 
 such a father as Captain Pierce ? 
 
 The ship had struck on the rocks near Seacombe, on 
 the island of Purbeck, between Peverel-point and St. 
 Alban's-Head. On this part of the shore the <iliff is of 
 immense height, and rises almost perpendicularly. In 
 this particular spot the cliff is excavated at the base, 
 presenting a cavern ten or tw r elve yards in depth, and 
 equal in breadth to the length of a large ship. The sides 
 of the cavern are so nearly upright as to be extremely diffi- 
 cult of access, and the bottom of it is strewed with 
 sharp and uneven rocks which appear to have been rent 
 from above by some convulsion of nature. It was at 
 the mouth of this cavern that the unfortunate vessel 
 fay stretched almost from side to side, and presented 
 her broadside to the horrid chasm. But, at the time 
 the ship struck it was too dark to -discover the extent 
 of their danger, and the extreme horror of their situa- 
 tion. 
 
 The number in the round-house was now increased 
 to nearly fifty, by the admission of three black women 
 and two soldiers' wives, with the husband of one of the 
 latter, though the sailors, who had demanded entrance 
 lo get a light, had been opposed and kept out by the 
 officers. Captain Pierce was seated on a chair, or some 
 other moveable, between his two daughters, whom he 
 pressed alternately to his affectionate bosom. The 
 rest of the melancholy assembly were seated on the 
 deck, which was strewed with musical instruments, and 
 the wreck of furniture, boxes, and packages. 
 
 Here Mr. Meriton, after having lighted several wax 
 candles, and all the glass lanthorns he could find, like 
 wisetookglpis seat, intending to wait till day-light, in the 
 hope thaWt would afford him an opportunity of effect- 
 ing his own escape, and also rendering assistance to the 
 
LOSS OP THE HALSEWELL, 219 
 
 partners of his danger. But, observing that the ladies 
 appeared parched and exhausted, he fetched a basket of 
 oranges from some part of the rouml-house, with which 
 he prevailed on some of them to refresh themselves. 
 
 On his return he perceived a considerable alteration 
 in the appearance of the ship. The sides were visibly 
 giving way, the deck seemed to heave, and he disco 
 vered other evident symptoms that she could not hold 
 together much longer. Attempting to go forward to 
 look out, he instantly perceived that the ship had separat- 
 ed in the middle and that the fore-part had changed its 
 position, and lay rather farther out towards the sea. 
 In this emergency he determined -to seize the 
 present moment, as the next might have been charg- 
 ed with his fate, and to follow the example of the crew 
 and the soldiers, who were leaving the ship in numbers, 
 and making their way to a shore, with the horrors of 
 which they were yet unacquainted. 
 
 To favor their escape an attempt had been made to 
 lay the ensign-staff from the ship's side to the rocks, but 
 without success, for it snapped to pieces before it reach- 
 ed them. By the light of a lanthorn, however, Mr. Meri- 
 ton, discovered a spar, which appeared to be laid from 
 the ship's side to the rocks, and upon which he deter- 
 mined to attempt his escape, He accordingly lay down 
 upon it, and thrust himself forward, but soon found 
 that the spar had no communication with the rock. He 
 reached the end and then slipped off, receiving a violent 
 contusion in his fall. Before he could recover his legs 
 he was washed off by the surge, in which he supported 
 himself by swimming till the returning wave dashed him 
 against the back of the cavern. Here he laid hold of 
 a small projection of the rock, but was so benumbed 
 that he was on the point of quitting it, when a seaman, 
 who had already gained a footing, extended his hand ami 
 assisted him till he could secure himself on a little shelf 
 of the rock, from which he clambered still higher till he 
 was out of the reach of the surf. 
 
 Mr. Rogers, the third mate, remained witty the cap- 
 tain and the ladies nearly twenty minutes after Mr. 
 Meritoi* had left the ship. The latter had not long 
 
220 LOSS OF THE HALSEWELL. 
 
 quitted the roundhouse, before the captain inquired 
 what was become of him, when Mr. Rogers replied, that 
 he had gone upon deck to see what could be done. A 
 heavy sea soon afterwards broke over the ship, upon 
 which the ladies expressed great concern at the appre- 
 hension of his loss. Mr. Rogers proposed to go and 
 rail him, but this they opposed, fearful lest he might 
 share the same fate. 
 
 The sea now broke in at the fore part of the ship, 
 r-id reached as far as the main mast. Captain Pierce 
 and Mr. Rogers then went together, with a lanap, to 
 the stern gallery, where, after viewing the rocks, the 
 rnpJ^in askt-d Mr. Rogers if he thought there was any 
 possibility of saving the girls. He replied, lie feared 
 not ; for they could discover nothing but the black sur- 
 face of the perpendicular rock, and not the cavern 
 which afforded shelter to those who had escaped. They 
 then returned to the round-house, where captain Pierce 
 again seated himself between his two daughters, strug- 
 gling to suppress the parental tear which then started into 
 his eye. 
 
 The sea continuing to break in very fast, Mr. Rogers, 
 Mr. Schutz, and Mr. M'Manus, a midshipman, with a 
 view to attempt their escape, made their way to the 
 poop. They had scarcely reached it, when a heavy sea 
 breaking over the wreck, the round-house gave way, 
 and they heard the ladies shriek at intervals*, as if the 
 water had reached them ; the noise of the sea at other 
 times drowning their voices. 
 
 Mr. B rimer had followed Mr. Rogers to the poop, 
 where, on the coming of the fatal sea, they jointly 
 .seized a hen-coop, and the same wave which whelm- 
 i 1 f.iose who remained below in destruction, carried 
 him and his companion to the rock, on which they 
 were dashed with great violence and miserably bruis- 
 ed. 
 
 On this rock were twenty- seven men ; but it was low 
 Crater, and being convinced that, upon the flowing of 
 me tide, they must all be washed off, many endeavored 
 to ;et to the back or sides of the cavern beyond the reach 
 of the returning sea. Excepting Mr. Rogers and Mr. 
 
LOSS OF THE HALSEWELL, 221 
 
 B rimer, scarcely more than six succeeded in this at- 
 tempt. Of the remainder, some experienced the fate 
 they sought to avoid, others perished in endeavoring to 
 get into the cavern. 
 
 Mr. Rogers and Mr. Brimer, however, having reach- 
 ed the cavern, climbed up the rock, on the narrow 
 shelves of which they fixed themselves. The former 
 got so near to his friend, Mr. Meriton, as to exchange 
 congratulations with him; but between these gentle- 
 men there were about twenty men, none of whom 
 could stir but at the most imminent hazard of his lite 
 When Mr. Rogers reached this station his strength was 
 so nearly exhausted, that had the struggle continued 
 a few mintes longer he must inevitably have per- 
 ished. 
 
 They soon found that though majiy who had reached 
 the rocks below, had perished in attempting to ascend, 
 yet that a considerable number of the crew, seamen, 
 soldiers, and some of the inferior officers, were in the 
 same situation with themselves. What that situation 
 was they had still to learn. They had escaped immedi : 
 ate death ; but they were yet to encounter a thousand 
 hardships for the precarious chance of escape. Some 
 part of the ship was still discernible, and they cheered 
 themselves, in this dreary situation, with the hope that 
 it would hold together till day-break. Amidst their own 
 misfortunes the sufferings of the females filled their 
 minds with the acutest anguish ; every returning sea 
 increased their apprehensions for the safety of their ami- 
 able and helpless companions. 
 
 But, alas ! too soon were these apprehensions realiz- 
 ed. A few minutes after Mr. Rogers had gained the 
 rock, a general shriek, in which the voice of female 
 distresses was lamentably distinguishable, announced 
 the dreadful catastrophe ! In a few moments all was 
 hushed, excepting the warring winds and the dashing 
 waves. The wreck was whelmed in the bosom of the 
 deep, and not an atom of it was ever dicovered. Thus 
 perished the Halsewell and with her, worth, hcnor, c 
 beauty, a^id accomplishments ! 
 
223 LOSS OF THE IULSEWELL,. 
 
 This stroke was a dreadful aggravation of woe to the 
 trembling and scarcely half-saved wretches, who were 
 clinging about the sides of the horrid cavern. They felt 
 for themselves, but they wept for wives, parents, fathers, 
 brothers, sisters perhaps lovers ! all cut off from their 
 dearest, fondest hopes ! 
 
 Their feelings were not less agonized by the subse- 
 quent events of that ill-fated night. Many who had 
 gained the precarious stations on the rocks,, exhausted with 
 fatigue, weakened by bruises, and benumbed with cohl, 
 quitted their holds, and falling headlong, either upon the 
 rocks below, or into the surf, perished beneath the feet 
 of their wretched associates, and by their dying groans 
 and loud exclamations, awakened terrific apprehensions 
 of a similar fate in the survivors. 
 
 At length, after three hours of the keenest misery, 
 the day broke on them, but, far from bringing with it 
 the expected relief, it served only to discover to them 
 all the horrors of their situation. They wtjfre convinced 
 that, had the country been alarmed by the guns of dis- 
 tress, which they continued to fire several hours before 
 the ship struck, but which, from the violence of the 
 storm, were unheard, they could neither be observed 
 by the people above, as they were completely ingulph- 
 ed in the cavern, and overhung by the cliff; nor was 
 any part of the wreck remaining to indicate their prob- 
 able place of refuge. Below, no boat could live to 
 search them out, and had it been possible to acquaint 
 those who were willing to assist them with their exact 
 situation, they were at a loss to conceive how any ropes 
 could be conveyed into the cavern to facilitate their 
 escape. 
 
 The only method that afforded any prospect of suc- 
 cess was to creep along the side to its outer extremity, 
 to turn the corner on a ledge scarcely as broad as a 
 man's hand, and to climb up the almost perpendicular 
 precipices, nearly two hundred feet in height. In 
 this desperate attempt some succeeded, while others, 
 trembling with terror, and exhausted with bodily 
 and me.ntaj fetigue, lost their precarious footing ami 
 perished. 
 
LOSS OF THE HALSEWELL. 2.23 
 
 The first men who gained the summit of the cliff 
 were the cook, and James Thompson, a quarter- master. 
 By their individual exertions they reached the top, and 
 instantly hastened to the nearest house, to make known 
 the situation of their fellow-sufferers. Eastington, the 
 habitation of Mr. Garland, steward, or agent, to the 
 proprietors of the Purbeek quarries, was the house at 
 which they first arrived. That gentleman immediately 
 assembled the workmen under his direction, and with 
 the most zealous humanity exerted every effort for the 
 preservation of the surviving part of the crew of the 
 unfortunate ship. 
 
 Mr. Meriton had, by this time, almost reached the 
 edge of the precipice. A soldier, who preceded him, 
 stood upon a small projecting rock, or stone, and upon 
 the same stone Mr. Meriton had fastened his hands to 
 assist his progress. Just at this moment the quarry mcii 
 arrived, and seeing a man so nearly within their reach 
 they dropped 3, rope, of which he immediately laid hold. 
 By a vigorous effort to avail himself of the advantage, 
 he loosened the stone, which giving way, Mr. Meritou 
 must haye been precipitated to the bottom, had not a 
 rope been lowered to him at the instant, which he seiz- 
 ed, while in the act of falling, and was safely drawn to the 
 summit. 
 
 The fate of Mr. Briiner was peculiarly severe. He 
 had been married only nine days before the ship sailed, 
 to the daughter of Captain Norman, of the Royal Navy, 
 came on shore, as it has been observed, with Mr. Ro- 
 gers, and, like him, got up the side of the cavern. 
 Here he remained till the morning, when he crawled 
 out; a rope was thrown him, but he was either so 
 benumbed with the cold as to fasten it about him im- 
 properly, or so agitated as to neglect to fasten it at all. 
 Whatever was the cause, th-3 effect proved fatal ; at the 
 moment of his supposed preservation he fell from his 
 stand, and was unfortunately dashed to pieces, in sight 
 of those who could only lament the deplorable fate qf 
 an amiable man and skilful officer. 
 
 The method of affording help was remarkable, anil 
 does honor to the humanity and intrepidity ef the m 
 
LOSS OF THE HALSEWELL. 
 
 rymen. The distance from the top of the rock to the 
 cavern, over which it projected, was at least one hun- 
 dred feet : ten of these formed a declivity to the edge, 
 and the remainder was perpendicular. On the very 
 brink of this precipice stood too daring fellows, with 
 a rope tied round them, and fastened above to a strong 
 iron bar fixed into the ground. Behind these, in like 
 manner, stood others, two and two. A strong rope, like- 
 wise properly secured, passed between them, by which 
 (hey might hold, and support themselves from falling. 
 Another rope, with a noose ready fixed, was then let 
 down below the cavern, and the wind blowing hard, 
 it was sometimes forced under the projecting rock, so 
 (hat the sufferers could reach it without crawling to the 
 edge. Whoever laid hold of it put the nose round his 
 waist, and was drawn up with the utmost care and cau- 
 tion by their intrepid deliverers. 
 
 In this attempt, however, many shared the fate of 
 the unfortunate Mr. Brimer. Unable, through cold, 
 perturbation of mufti, weakness, or the inconvenience 
 of the stations they occupied, to avail themselves of 
 the succor that was offered them, they were precipitat- 
 ed from the stupendous cliff, and either dashed to pie- 
 ces on the rocks, or falling into the surge, perished in 
 the waves. 
 
 Among these unhappy sufferers the death of a drum- 
 mer was attended with circumstances of peculiar dis- 
 tress. ' Being either washed off the rocks by the sea, 
 or falling into the surf, he was carried by the returning 
 waves beyond the breakers. His utmost efforts to re- 
 gain them were ineffectual, he was drawn farther out to 
 sea, and being a remarkable good swimmer, continued 
 to struggle with the wares, in the view of his commiserat- 
 hig companions, till his strength was exhausted, and he 
 sunk, to rise no more ! 
 
 It was late in the day when all the survivors were car- 
 ried to a place of safety, excepting William Trenton, 
 a soldier, who remained on his perilous stand till the 
 morning of Saturday, the 7th, exposed to the united 
 horrors of extreme personal danger, and the most acute 
 tlisqyiietude of mind. 
 
LOSS OF THE HALSEWELL. 225 
 
 The surviving officers, seamen, and soldiers, being 
 assembled at the house of their benevolent deliverer, 
 Mr. Garland, they were mustered, and found to amount 
 to 74, out of rather more than 240, which was nearly 
 the number of the crew, and passengers, when she sail- 
 ed through the Downs. Of the rest it is supposed that 
 fifty or more sunk with the Captain and the ladies in 
 the round-house, and that upwards of seventy reached 
 the rocks, but were v; ashed off, or perished, ia fall- 
 ing from the cliffs. All those who reached the summit 
 survived, excepting two or three, who expired while being 
 drawn up, and a black, who died a few hours after he was 
 brought to the house. Many, however, were so misera- 
 bly bruised, that their lives were doubtful, and it was a 
 considerable time before they perfectly recovered their 
 strength. 
 
 The benevolence and generosity of the master of the 
 Crown Inn, at Blanford, deserves the highest prate? . 
 When the distressed seamen arrived at that town he 
 sent for them all to his house, and having given them the 
 refreshment of a comfortable dinner, he presented each 
 man with half crown to help him % on his journey, 
 
JLOSS OF THE 
 
 NOTTINGHAM GALLEY, OF LONDON; 
 
 WRECKED ON BOON ISLAND, NEAR NEW-ENGLAND, 
 DEC. 13th, 1710; 
 
 And the Sufferings, Preservation, and Deliverance, 
 of the Crew. 
 
 J$y Captain John Dean. 
 
 A H E Nottingham Galley, of and from London, 
 of 120 tons, ten guns, fourteen men, John Dean, coin- 
 mander, having taken in cordage in England, and butter, 
 cheese, &LC. in Ireland, sailed for Boston in New-Eng- 
 land, the 25th of September, 1710. Meeting with con- 
 trary winds and bad weather, it was the beginning of 
 December when we first made land to the eastward of 
 Piscataqua, and proceeding southward for the bay of 
 Massachusetts, under a hard gale of wind at northeast, 
 accompanied with rain, hail, and snow, having no ob- 
 servation for ten or twelve days, we, on the llth, hand- 
 ed all our sails, excepting our fore sail and maintop-sail 
 double reefed, ordering one hand forward to look out. 
 Between eight and nine o'clock, going forward myself, I 
 saw the breakers ahead, whereupon I called out to put 
 the helm hard to starboard, but before the ship could 
 wear, we struck upon the east end of the rock, called 
 Boon Island, four leagues to the eastward of Pis- 
 cataqua. 
 
LOSS OF THE NOTTINGHAM GALLEY. 227 
 
 The second or third sea heaved the ship alongside of 
 it ; running likewise so very high, and the ship laboring 
 so excessively, that we were not able to stand upon 
 deck ; and though it was riot distant above thirty or for- 
 ty yards, yet the weather was so thick and dark, that 
 we could not see the rock, so that we were justly thrown 
 into consternation at the melancholy prospect of immedi- 
 ately perishing in the sea. I presently called all hands 
 down to the cabin, where we continued a few minutes, 
 earnestly supplicating the mercy of heaven ; but know- 
 ing that prayers, without, are vain, I ordered all up 
 again to cut the masts by the board, but several were so 
 oppressed by the terrors of conscience that they were 
 incapable of any exertion. We, however, went upon 
 deck, cut the weathermost shrouds, and the ship heeling 
 towards the rocks, the force of the sea soon broke the 
 masts, so that they fell right towards the shore. 
 
 One of the men went out on the bowsprit, and return- 
 iug, told me he saw something black ahead; and would 
 venture to get on shore, accompanied with any other 
 person : upon which I desired some of the best swim- 
 mers (my mate and one more) to go with him, and if 
 they gained the rock, to give notice by their calfs, and 
 direct us to the moist secure place. Recollecting some 
 money and papers that might be of use, also ammuni- 
 tion, brandy, &LC. I then went down and opened the 
 place in which they were ; but the ship bulging, lier 
 decks opened, her back broke, and her beams gave 
 way, so that the stern sunk under water. I was, there- 
 fore, hastened forward to escape instant death, and hav- 
 ing heard nothing of the men who had gone before, con- 
 cluded them lost. Notwithstanding I was under the 
 necessity of making the same adventure upon the fore- 
 mast, moving gradually forward betwixt every sea, till 
 at last quitting it, I threw myself with all the strength 
 I had, towards the rock ; but it being low water, and the 
 rock extremely slippery, I could get no hold, and tore 
 my fingers, hands, and arms, in the most deplorable 
 manner, every wash of the sea fetching me off again, so 
 that it was with the utmost peril and difficulty that I got, 
 safe on shore at last. , The rest of the men ran the same 
 
28 LOSS OF THE NOTTINGHAM GALLEY. 
 
 hazards, but through the mercy of Providence we rfl 
 escaped with our lives. 
 
 After endeavoring to discharge fhe salt water and 
 creeping a little way up the rock, 1 heard the voices oC 
 the three men ahove mentioned, and by ten o'clock we 
 all met together, when, with grateful hearts, we return- 
 ed humble thanks to Providence for our deliverance from 
 such imminent danger. We then endeavored to gain 
 shelter to the leeward of the rock, but found it so small 
 and inconsiderable, that it would afford none, (being 
 but about one hundred yards long and fifty broad,) and 
 so very craggy that we could not walk to keep ourselves 
 warm, the weather still continuing extremely cold, with 
 snow and rain. 
 
 As soon as day-light appeared I went towards the place 
 where we came on shore, not doubting but that we 
 should meet with provisions enough from the w r reck 
 for our support, but found only some pieces of the 
 masts and yards among some old junk and cables con- 
 gered together, which -the anchors had prevented from 
 being carried away, and kept moving about the rock at 
 some distance. Part of the ship's stores, with some 
 pieced of plank and timber, old sails, canvas, &c. drove 
 -on shore, but nothing eatable, excepting some small 
 pieces of cheese which we picked up among the rock- 
 weed, in the whole to the quantity of three small 
 cheeses. 
 
 We used our utmost endeavors to get fire, having 
 a steel and flint with us, and also by a drill, with a 
 very swift motion ; but having nothing but what had 
 long been water-soaked, all our attemps proved in- 
 effectual. 
 
 At night we stowed one upon another, under our 
 canvas, in the best manner possible, to keep each other 
 warm. The next day the weather clearing a little, and 
 inclining to frost, I want out, and perceiving the main 
 land, I knew where we were, and encouraged my men 
 with the hope of being discovered by fishing shallops, 
 desiring them to search for and bring up what planks^ 
 carpenter's tools, and stores they could find, in order to 
 build a tent and a boat. The coojk then complained that 
 
LOSS OF THE NOTTINGHAM GALLEY. 
 
 ke was almost starved, and his countenance discovering 
 his illness, I ordered him to remain behind with two or 
 three more whom the frost had seized. About noon the 
 men acquainted rne that he was dead : we therefore laid 
 him in a convenient place for the sea to carry him away. 
 None mentioned eating him, though several, with 
 myself, afterwards acknowledged that they had thoughts 
 of it. 
 
 After we had been in this situation two or three day*, 
 the frost being very severe, and the weather extremely 
 jcold, it seized most of our hands and feet to such a 
 degree as to take away the sense of feeling, and render 
 .them almost useless ; so benumbing and discoloring 
 -them as gave us just reason to apprehend mortification. 
 We pulled off our shoes, and cut off our boots ; but in 
 getting off our stockings, many, whose legs were blis- 
 tered, pulled off skin and all, and some, the nails of their 
 toes. We then wrapped up our legs and feet as warmly 
 ,as we could in oakum and canvas. 
 
 We now began to build our tent in a triangular form, 
 each side being about eight feet, covered it with the old 
 sails and canvas that came on shore, having just room 
 for each to lie down on one sidle, so that none could turn, 
 excepting all turned, which was about eyery two hours, 
 upon notice given. We also fixed a .staff to the top of 
 our tent, upon which, as often as the weather would 
 permit, we hoisted a piece of cloth in the form of ja. flag, 
 jn order to discover ourselves to acy vessel that might 
 approach. 
 
 We then commenced the building of our boat with 
 planks ami timber belonging to the wreck. Our only 
 tools were the blade of a cutlass, made into a saw with 
 our knives, a hammer, and a caulking mallet. We 
 found some naijs In the clefts of the rock, and obtained 
 others from the sheathing. We laid three planks fiat 
 for the bottom, and two up each side, fixed to staunch- 
 ings and let into the bottom timbers, with two short 
 pieces at each end, and one breadth of new Holland 
 duck round the sides to keep out the spray of the &ea. 
 We caulked all we could with oakum drawn from the old 
 junk, and in other places filled up the distaaees with 
 U 
 
30 LOS9 OF THE NOTTINGHAM GALLEY. 
 
 long pieces of canvas, all of which we secured in the 
 best manner possible. We found also some sheet-lead 
 and pump-leather, which proved of use. We fixed a 
 short mast and square sail, with seven paddles to row, 
 and another longer to steer. But our carpenter, whose 
 services were now most wanted, was, by reason of 
 illness, scarcely capable of affording us either assistance 
 or advice ; and all the rest, excepting myself and two 
 more, were so benumbed and feeble as to be unable to 
 stir. The weather, too, ;was so extrejnely cold, that we 
 could seldom stay out of the tent above four hours in 
 the day, and some days we could do nothing at all. 
 
 When we had been upon the rock about a week, with- 
 out any kind of provisions, excepting the cheese above- 
 mentioned, and some beef bones, which we eat, after 
 beating them to pieces, we saw three boats, about five 
 leagues from us, which, as may easily be imagined, 
 rejoiced us not a little, believing that th<? period of our 
 deliverance had arrived. I directed all the men to 
 creep out of the tent and halloo together, as loud as 
 (heir strength would permit. We likewise made all the 
 signals we could, but in vain, for they neither heard nor 
 , saw us. We, however, received no small encourage- 
 ment from the sight of them, as they came from the 
 southwest ; and the wind being at northeast when we 
 were cast away, we had reason to suppose that our dis- 
 tress might have been made known by the wreck driv- 
 ing on shore, and to presume that they were come out 
 in search of us, and would daily do so when the weath- 
 er should permit. Thus we ^flattered ourselves with the 
 pleasing but delusive hope of deliverance. 
 
 Just before we had finished our boat, the carpenter's 
 axe was cast upon the rock, by which we were enabled 
 to complete our work, but then we had scarcely strength 
 sufficient to get her into the water. 
 
 About the 21st of December, the boat being finished, , 
 the day fine, and the water smoother than I had yet 
 seen it since we came there, we consulted who should 
 attempt to launch her, I offered myself as one to ven- 
 ture in her; this was agreed to, as I was the strongest, 
 and therefore the fittest to undergo the extremities to 
 
&OSS OF THE NOTTINGHAM GALLED; 
 
 which we might possibly be reduced. My mate 
 offered himself, and desiring to accompany me, I was 
 permitted to take him, together with my brother and 
 four more. Thus coirmcnding our enterprize to Provi- 
 dence, all that were able came out, and with much diffi- 
 culty got our poor patched-iip boat to the water-side. 
 The surf running very high, we were obliged to wade 
 very deep to launch her, upon which 1 and another got 
 into her. The swell of the sea heaved her along shore 
 and overset her opon us, whereby we again narrowly 
 escaped drowning. Our poor boat was staved all to 
 pieces, our enterprize totally disappointed, and our 
 Jiopes utterly destroyed. 
 
 What heightened our afflictions, and served to aggra- 
 vate our miserable prospects, and render our deliverance 
 less practicable, we lost, with our boat, both our axe 
 and hammer, which would have been of great use to urs 
 if we should afterwards have attempted to construct a 
 raft. Yet we had reason to admire the goodness of God 
 in producing our disappointment for our safety ; for, 
 ih'it afternoon, the wind springing up, it blew so hard, 
 tha<, had we- been at sea in that imitation of a bor.t, 
 mist, in. all probability, have perished, and those 
 left behind, being unable to lu-Ip themselves, must duubl 
 loss soon have shared a similar fate. 
 
 We were now reduced to tke most melancholy and 
 situation imaginable ; almost every man but 
 : If was weak to an extremity, nearly starved with 
 hunger and perishing with cold ; their Lumls and feet 
 frozen end morticed ; large and deep ulcers in their legs, 
 the smell of which was highly offensive to those who 
 could not creep into the air, and nothing to dress them 
 with but a piece of linen that was cast on shore. We 
 had no fire ; our small stock of cheese was exhausted, 
 and we had nothing to support our feeble bodies but 
 rock weed and a few muscles, scarce and difficult to be 
 procured, at most Dot above two or three for each man 
 a day ; so that 6ur miserable bodies were perishing, and 
 our disconsolate spirits overpowered by the deplorable 
 prospect of starving, without any appearance of relief. 
 To aggravate our situation, if possible, v- r e had reason 
 
232 LOSS OP THE NOTTINGHAM GALLEY, 
 
 to apprehend, lest the approaching spring tide, if accom- 
 panied with high winds, should entirely overflow us. 
 The horrors of such a situation it is impossible to des- 
 cribe ; the pinching cold arid hunger ; extremity of 
 weakness and pain ; racking and horrors of conscience 
 in many ; and the prospect of a certain, painful, and 
 lingering death, without even the most remote views of 
 deliverance ! This is, indeed, the height of misery ; 
 yet such, alas ! was our deplorable case : insomuch that 
 the greater part of our company were ready to die of 
 horror and despair. 
 
 For my part, I did my utmost to encourage myself, 
 exhort the rest, to trust in God, and patiently await 
 their deliverance. As a slight alleviation of our faith, 
 Providence directed towards our quarters a sea-gulf, 
 which my. mate struck down and joyfully brought to i/ie. 
 I divided it into equal portions, and though raw, and 
 scarcely affording a mouthful for each, yet we received 
 and eat it thankfully. 
 
 The last method of rescuing ourselves we could posi- 
 bly devise was to construct a raft capable of carrying 
 t'.vo men. This proposal was strongly supported by a 
 Swede, one of our men, a stout brave fellow, who, since 
 our disaster, had lo&t the use of both his feet by the 
 frost. He frequently importuned me to attempt our de- 
 liverance in that way, offering himself to accompany 
 rne, or, if 1 refused, to go alone. After deliberate con- 
 sideration we resolved upon a raft, but found great diffi- 
 culty in clearing the fore-yard, of which it was chiefly 
 to be made, from the jurik, as our working hands were 
 so few and weak. 
 
 This done, we split the yard, and with the two parts 
 r/inde side-pieces, fixing others, arid adding some of 
 fhe lightest planks we could find, first spiking, and after- 
 wards . laking them firm. The raft was four feet iu 
 breadth. We fixed up a mast, and out of two ham- 
 mocks that were driven en shore we made a sail, with 
 a paddle for each man. and a spare one in case of neces- 
 sity. This difficulty being thus surmounted, the 
 Swede frequently asked me whether I designed to ac 
 company him, giving me to understand, that if I declm- 
 
ed, there was another ready to offer himself for the en- 
 terprise. 
 
 About this time we saw a sail come out of Piscafa- 
 qua river, about seven leagues to the westward. We 
 again made all the signals we could but the wind being 
 northwest, and the ship standing to the eastward, she 
 was presently out of sight, without ever corning near us, 
 which proved an extreme mortification to our hopes-, 
 The next day, being moderate, with a small breeze 
 right ou shore in the afternoon, and the raft being wholly 
 finished, the two men were very anxious to have it 
 launched ; but this was as strenuously opposed by the 
 mate, because it was so late, being two in the afternoon. 
 They, however, urged the lightness of the nights, bog 
 ged me to suffer them to proceed, and I at length cor 
 sented. They both got upon the raft, when the swell, 
 Foiling very high, soon overset them, as it did our boat 
 The Swede not daunted by this accident, swam on shore, 
 but the other, being no swimmer, continued some time 
 under water ; as soon as he appeared, I caught hold of 
 and saved him, but he was so discouraged that he was 
 afraid to make a second attempt. I desired the Swede 
 to wait a more favorable opportunity, but he continued 
 resolute, begged me to go with him, or help him. to turn 
 the raft, and he would go alone. 
 
 . By this time another man came down and offered (:. 
 adventure ; when they were upon the raft, I launched 
 them o{J", they desiring us to go to prayers, and also to 
 watch what became of them. I did so, and by sunst-' 
 judged them half way to the main, and supposed that 
 they might reach the shore by two in the morning. 
 They, however, probably fell in with some breakers, or 
 were overset by the violence of the sea and perished , 
 for, two days afterwards, the raft was found on shore,. 
 and one man dead about a mile from it, with a paddle 
 fastened to his wrist ; but the Swede, who was so very 
 forward to adventure, was never heard of more. 
 
 We, who were left upon the desolate island, ignorant 
 of what had befallen them, waited daily for deliverance 
 Our expectations were the more raised by a smoke we 
 observed, two days afterwards in the woods, which was-. 
 U2 
 
234 LOSS -OF TH NOTTINGHAM GALLEY. 
 
 the signal appointed to be made If they arrived safe, 
 This continued every day, and we were willing to believe 
 that it was made on our account, though we saw no 
 appearance of any thing towards our relief. We sup- 
 posed fhat the delay was occasioned by their not being 
 able to procure a vessel so soon as we desired, and this 
 idea served to bear up our spirits and to support us 
 greatly. 
 
 Still our principal want was that of provision, having 
 nothing to eat but rock weed, and a very few muscles ; 
 indeed, when the spring tide was over, we could scarcely 
 <^et any at all. I have myself gone, as no other person 
 was able, several days at low water, and could find no 
 more than two or three apiece. I was frequently in 
 danger of losing my hands and arms, by putting them 
 so often into the water after the muscles, and when ob- 
 tained, my stomach refused them, and preferred rock- 
 weed. 
 
 Upon our iirst arrival we saw several seals upon the 
 rock, and supposing they might harbor there in the night, 
 I walked round at midnight, but could never meet with 
 any thing. We saw likewise, a great number of birds,, 
 which perceiving us daily there, would never lodge upon 
 the rock, so that we caught none. 
 
 This disappointment was severe, and tended to aggra- 
 vate our miseries still more ; but it was particularly 
 afflicting to a brother I had with me, arid another young 
 gentleman, neither of whom had before been at sea, or 
 endured any kind of hardship. They were now reduced 
 to the last extremity, having no assistance but what they 
 received from me. 
 
 Part of a green hide, fastened to a piece of the main- 
 yard, being thrown up by the sea, the men importuned 
 me to bring it to the tent, which being done, we minced 
 it small and swallowed it. 
 
 About this time I set the men to open junk, and when 
 the weither would permit I thatched tj?e tent with the 
 rope yarn in the best manner I was able, that it might 
 shelter us the better from the extremities of the weather. 
 This proved of so much service as to turn two or three 
 hours rain, and preserve us from the cold pinching winds, 
 which were always very severe upon us. 
 
LOSS OF THE NOTTINGHAM GALLEY, 235 
 
 About the latter end of December our carpenter, a fat 
 man, and naturally of a dull, heavy, phlegmatic disposi- 
 tion, aged about forty-seven, who, from our first coming 
 on shore, had been constantly very ill, and lost the use 
 of his feet, complained of excessive pain in his back, 
 and siiffness in his neck. He was likewise almost chok^ 
 ed with phlegm, for want of strength to discharge it, and 
 appeared to draw near his end. We prayed over him, 
 and used our utmost endeavors to be serviceable ts> 
 him in his last moments ; he shewed himself sensible, 
 though speechless, and died that night. We suffered 
 the body to remain till morning, when I desired those 
 who were most able, to remove it ; creeping out myself 
 to see whether providence had sent us any thing to sa- 
 tisfy the excessive cravings of our appetites. Returning 
 before noon, and not. seeing the dead body without the 
 tent, I inquired why they had not removed it, and re- 
 ceived for answer, they were not all of them able ; upon 
 which, fastening a rope to the body, I gave the utmost of 
 my assistance, and with some difficulty we dragged it 
 out of the tent. But fatigue, and the consideration of 
 our misery, so overcame my spirits, that being ready to 
 faint, I crept into the tent, and was no sooner there, 
 than, to add to my trouble, the me# began to request 
 my permission to eat the dead body, tjhe better to sup- 
 port their lives. 
 
 This circumstance was, of all the triajs I. had encoun- 
 tered, the most grievous and shocking : to see myself 
 and company, who came hither laden with provisions 
 but three weeks before, now reduced to such a deplora- 
 ble situation ; two of us having been absolutely starved 
 to dealh, while, ignorant of the fate of two others, the 
 rest, though still living, were reduced to the last 
 extremity, and requiring to eat the dead for their 
 support. 
 
 After mature consideration of the lawfulness or sinful- 
 ness, on the one hand, and absolute necessity on the. 
 other, judgment and conscience were obliged to submit 
 to the more prevailing arguments of our craving appe- 
 tites. We, at length, determined to satisfy our hunger, 
 and support our feeble bodies with the carcase of o^ 
 
36 LOSS OF THE NOTTINGHAM GALLEY, 
 
 deceased companion. I first ordered his skin, head, 
 hands, feet, and bowels, to be buried in the sea, and 
 the body to be quartered, for the convenience of drying 
 and carriage, but again received for answer, that none of 
 them being able, they intreated I would perform that 
 labor for them. This was a hard task ;. but their inces- 
 sant prayers and intreaties at last pevailed over my 
 reluctance, and by night I had completed the opera- 
 tion. 
 
 I cut part of the flesh into thin slices, and washing it 
 m salt waterj brought it to the tent and obliged the men 
 to eat rock-weed with it instead of bread. My mate and 
 two others refused to eat any that night, but the next 
 morning they complied, and earnestly desired to partake 
 with the rest. 
 
 1 found that they all eat with the utmost avidity, so 
 that I was obliged to carry the quarters farther from the 
 tent, out of their reach, lest they should do themselves 
 an injury by eating too much, and likewise expend our 
 filial! stock too soon. 
 
 I also limited each man to an equal portion, that they 
 might not quarrel or have cause to reflect on me or one 
 another. This method I was the more obliged to 
 adopt, because, in a few days, I found their dispositions 
 entirely changed, and that affectionate, peaceable tem- 
 per they had hitherto manifested, totally lost. Their 
 eyes looked wild and staring, their countenances fierce 
 and barbarous. Instead of obeying my commands, as 
 they had universally and cheerfully done before, I now 
 found even prayers, and intreaties vain and fruitless ; 
 nothing was now to be heard but brutal quarrels, with 
 liorrid oaths and imprecations, instead of that quiet sub- 
 missive spirit of prayer and supplication they had before 
 manifested. 
 
 This, together with the dismal prospect of future 
 want, obliged ne to keep a strict watch over the rest of 
 the feodjr, lest any of them, if able, should get to it, 
 and if that were spent we should be compelled to 
 feed upon the living, which we certainly must have 
 done, had w;e remained in that situation a few days 
 longer. 
 
LOSS OF THE NOTTINGHAM GALLEY. 23? 
 
 The goodness of God now began to appear, and to 
 make provision for our deliverance, by putting it into 
 the hearts of the good people on the shire, to which 
 our raft was driven, to come out in search of us, which 
 they did on the 2d of January in the morning. 
 
 Just as I was creeping out of the tent I saw a shallop 
 half way from the shore, standing directly towards us. 
 Our joy and satisfaction, at the prospect of such speedy 
 and unexpected deliverance, no tongue is able to express, 
 nor thought to conceive. 
 
 Our good and welcome friends came to an anchor to 
 the southwest, at the dfetance of about one hundred 
 yards, the swell preventing them from approaching 
 nearer ; but their anchor coining home obliged them to 
 stand off till about noon, waiting for smoother water 
 upon the flood. Meanwhile our passions were differ- 
 ently agitated ; our expectations of deliverance, and 
 fears of miscarriage, hurried cur weak aiid disordered 
 spirits strangely. 
 
 I gave them an account of all our miseries, excepting 
 the want of provisions, which I did not mention, lest the 
 fear of being constrained by the weather to remain with 
 us, might have prevented them from coming on shore. 
 I earnestly intreated them to attempt our immediate de- 
 liverance, or at least to furnish us if possible, with fire, 
 which, with the utmost hazard and difficulty they at last 
 accomplished, by sending a small canoe, with one man, 
 who, after great exertion, got on shore. 
 
 After helping him up with his canoe, and seeing 
 nothing to eat, I asked him if he could give us fire : he 
 answered in, the affirmative, but was so affrighted by my 
 tbin and meagre appearance that, at first, he could 
 scarcely return me an answer. However, recollecting 
 himself, after sevesal qufstions asked on both sides, he 
 went with me to the tent, where he was surprised to see 
 so many of us in such a Deplorable condition. Our flesh 
 was so wasted, and our looks were sg ghastly and fright- 
 ful, that it was really a very dismal spectacle. 
 
 With some difficulty we made a fire, after which, 
 determining to go on board myself with the man, and 
 to send for the rest, one or two at a time, we both got 
 
233 liOSS 0F THE NOTTINGHAM GALLEY, 
 
 mto the canoe ; but the sea immediately drove us 
 against the rock with such violence thai we were over* 
 feet, and being very weak, it was a considerable time 
 before I could recover myself, so that I had again a 
 very narrow escape from drowning. The good man, 
 with great difficulty got on board without me, designing 
 lo return the next clay with better conveniences, if the 
 ^veather should permit. 
 
 It was an afflicting sight to observe our friends in the 
 shallop, standing away for the shore without us. But 
 Goo, who orders every thing for the best, doubtless had 
 designs of preservation in denying us the appearance of 
 present deliverance : for the wind coming about to south- 
 cast, it blew so hard that the shallop was lost, and the 
 crew, with extreme iLtiiculty, saved their lives. Had 
 v/o been with them it is more than probable that we 
 should all have perished, not having strength suilitieni 
 to help ourselves. 
 
 When they had reached the shore (hey immediately 
 sent an express to Portsmouth, in Piscataqua, where 
 the good people made no delay in hastening to our deliv- 
 erance as soon as the weather would allow. To our 
 great sorrow, and as a farther trial of our patience, the 
 next day continued very stormy, and though we doubted 
 not but the people on shore knew our condition, and 
 would assist us as soon as possible, yet our flesh being 
 fiearly consumed, being without fresh water, and uncer- 
 tain how long the unfavorable weather might continue, 
 our situation was extremely miserable. We, however, 
 received great benefit from our fire, as we could both 
 warm ourselves and broil our meat. 
 
 The next day, the men being very importunate for 
 flesh, I gave them rather more than usual, but not to 
 their satisfaction. They would certainly have eaten up 
 the whole at once, had I not carefully watched them, 
 with the intention of sharing the rest next morning, if 
 the weather continued bad. The wind, however, abat- 
 ed that night, and early next morning a shallop came for 
 us, with my much esteemed friends Captain Long and 
 Captain Purver, and three more men, who brought a 
 canoe, and in two hours got us all on board, being 
 
LOSS OF THE NOTTINGHAM GALLET. 239 
 
 obliged to carry almost all of us upon their backs from 
 the tent to the canoe, and fetch us off by two or three 
 at a time. 
 
 When we first came on board the shallop, each of us 
 eat a piece of bread, ami drank a dram of rum, and most 
 of us were extremely sea-sick : but after we had cleansed 
 our stomachs and tasted warm nourishing food we be- 
 came so exceeding hungry and ravenous, that had not 
 our friends dieted us, and limited the quantity for two or 
 three days, we should certainly have destroyed ourselves 
 with eating. 
 
 Two days after our coming on shore my apprentice 
 lost the greater part of one foot; all the rest recovered 
 their limbs, but not their perfect use ; very few, except- 
 ing myself, escaping without losing the benefit of fingers 
 or toes, though otherwise all in perfect health. 
 
NARRATIVE OF 
 
 THE SHIPWRECK OF M. DE BRISSON. 
 
 f)n the Coast of Barbary, and of his Captivity among 
 the Moors. 
 
 Written by himself. 
 
 ft 
 
 LAVING made several voyages to Africa, I re- 
 ceived an order in June, 1785, from the Marshal de Cas- 
 tries, then minister and secretary of state for the marine 
 department to embark for the island of St. Louis, in the 
 Senegal, in the St. Catharine, commanded by M. Le 
 Turc. On the 10th of July we passed between the 
 Canary isle and that of Pahna, and the Captain having 
 rejected my advice relative to the caution necessary to 
 be observed in those seas, the ship soon afterwards 
 struck upon shoals. 
 
 A dreadful confusion ensued. The masts being loos- 
 ened by the shock, quiverd over our heads, and the 
 sails were torn in a thousand pieces. The terror became 
 general ; the cries of the sailors, mixed with the terrible 
 roaring of the sea, irritated, as it were, by the interrup- 
 tion of its course between the rocks and the vessel, 
 added to the horror of the scene. In this dangerous 
 state, such was the consternation of the crew, that no 
 one thought of saving himself. " O my wife !" cried 
 one : " O my dear children !" exclaimed a second ; 
 while others, extending their hands towards heaven, 
 implored the divine protection. In the hope of saving 
 the ship, the masts were cut away, but our exertions 
 
 
THE SHIPWRECK, &U., 241 
 
 were of no avail, the hold being already filled 
 water. 
 
 We must inevitably have been lost, had not Mr. Yan, 
 one of the lieutenants; Mr. Suret, a passenger; three 
 English sailors, and a few others, encouraged by my 
 example, assisted me to haul out the shallop, and to 
 prevent it afterwards from being sunk or dashed to pieces 
 against the sides of the ship. We were obliged to strug- 
 gle the whole night against the fury of the sea, that when 
 the day appeared we might be able to avoid the rocks, 
 by which we were surrounded on all sides, and get, if 
 possible, on shore. 
 
 We had scarcely made two strokes with our oars 
 when they were swept from the hands of the rowers by 
 the violence of the waves ; the shallop was overset ; we 
 were separated in an instant, and all, excepting Mr. De- 
 voise, brother to the Consul at Tripoli, cast upon a sand 
 bank; I, however, immediately threw myself into the 
 \vater, and was fortunate enough to save him from dis- 
 truction. 
 
 Our unfortunate companions, who had remained oil 
 board, now saw themselves deprived of every assistance 
 from us ; but I soon revived their hopes, by plunging 
 into the waves, accompanied by Mr. Yan, whose zeal 
 and activity seconded my efforts. He prevailed upon 
 the rest to join us in our endeavors to get the shallop 
 afloat again, wljich we accomplished with great .difficul- 
 ty ; but we found ourselves amply repaid for our labor 
 when we set the rest of the crew on shore. We, how- 
 ever, escaped this first danger only to become the vic- 
 tims of a second, still more terrible. 
 
 When the wretched crew had reached the shore, I 
 persuaded them to climb the surrounding rocks, on the 
 summit of which w discovered an extensive plain, ter- 
 minated by some small hills, covered with a kind of 
 wild fern. On these hills we saw some children collect- 
 ing a flock of goats. As soon as they behefd strangers, 
 they set up such outcries as instantly alarmed and 
 brought together the neighboring inhabitants. These, 
 after viewing the crew, began to dance and caper, at the 
 same time uttering the tacst. horrid cries and yells 
 
THE SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 "When these savages came up, some of my compa- 
 nions, among whom were the first and second lieuten^ 
 ants, separated from us. They were immediately sur- 
 rounded and seized by the collar, and it was then thafj 
 by the reflection of the sun's rays from the polished 
 blades of their poignards, we first discovered them to 
 be armed. As I had not perceived this before, I had 
 advanced without any fear. 
 
 Our two unfortunate companions having disappeared, 
 co uld not make the men stop even for a short time. 
 Fear got such possession of their hearts, that, giving 
 vent to cries of despair, they all fled different ways. 
 The Arabs, , armed with cutlasses and large clubs, fell 
 upon them with incredible fury, and I had the mortifica- 
 tion of soon seeing some of them wounded, while others, 
 stripped naked, lay extended and expiring on the 
 sand. 
 
 I was so unfortunate as to obtain a promise of goodwill 
 from an unarmed Arab, who afterwards proved to be a 
 talbe, or priest, by giving him two watches, a gold stock-* 
 buckle, two pair of sleeve buttons, a ring set with dia- 
 monds, a silver goblet, and two hundred and twenty 
 iivr.es in specie. The latter article afforded him most 
 pleasure. 
 
 The new r s of our shipwreck beseg spread through the 
 country, we saw the savages running in great haste from 
 all quarters ; their numbers naturally increased the jeal- 
 ousy of the others, so that they soon came to blows, 
 and several lives were lost in the contest. The women, 
 enraged that they could not pillage jhe ship, fell upon 
 and tore from us the few articles of dress we had left ; 
 but their attention was principally attracted by mine, 
 which seemed to be more worthy of their notice. 
 
 My master, who was by no means of a warlike dis- 
 position, perceiving that the number of Arabs increased, 
 every moment, called aside two of his friends, whom he 
 cunningly admitted as partners with him in the property 
 uf twelve of the crew who had surrendered themselves 
 iO him. After making his arrangements he retired from 
 ihe crowd, that he might shelter us from insult. The 
 place which he chose for that purpose was a wretched 
 
.. E EJRISSON. 
 
 httf, ^covered with moss, at the distance of more than a 
 league from the sea ; here we lodged, or rather were 
 heaped one upon the other. 
 
 Our patron's first care was to pay us a visit, and to 
 search us, lest we should have concealed some of oiu 
 property. Unluckily for them iny companions had pro 
 served nothing, on which account he was in a very ili 
 humor, and shewed them no mercy. He took from 
 them even their shirts a.nd hankcrchiefs, intimating, tha f 
 if he did not do thein that favor, others would. He like- 
 wise attempted to pay me the same compliment, bur 
 upon my observing that I had already given him enough, 
 I experienced no farther molestation. 
 
 Beiiig as yet ignorant among what tribe we had fallen. 
 I addressed myself to our master for information ; and 
 partly by words, and partly by i-igns, I put the following 
 tion to him : i: What is thy name, and that of thy 
 ; and why didst thoa fly from those crowds who 
 Advanced towards (he shores of Jbe ?e.a V He replied, 
 w My name is Skly Mohammed* cf Zowze; my tribe is 
 fchatof Lehdesseba, and I fled from the Ouadelirns, be- 
 cause we are not on good terms with one another." I 
 was much affected to find that we had fallen mio the 
 tends of the most ferocious people who inhabit the de 
 serts of Africa. 
 
 While the talhe repaired to the shore for more plunder. 
 a company of Ouadelims discovered and pillaged our 
 retreat, and beat us most unmercifully. I was almost at 
 the last gasp, when one of the associates of the talbe 
 came and rescued jne, and before a large assembly, after- 
 wards claimed me, as the reward of his valor. The 
 priest made the strongest objections to this claim, 
 threatening to chastise the claimant, who replied to the 
 talbe : " Since this is thy pretension, as he cannot be 
 mine, he shall perish by my hand." He had scarcely 
 pronounced these words, when he drew his poignard to 
 stab me. I trembled under the threatening dagger oi 
 this barbarian ; but my master, without losing a moment 
 threw over me a kind of chaplet, formed of a loin; 
 piece of cord, upon which are strung a great number oi 
 *inaJ! black balls, and then took In his hand a 
 
44 THE SHIPWRECK OP 
 
 book which hung in his girdle. The women, at th6 
 some instant, rushed towards me, snatched me from the 
 hands of the claimant, and delivered me into those of 
 the enraged priest, dreading lest he should thunder forth 
 an anathema against his antagonist. 
 
 When I had recovered a little tranquility, and began 
 fo reflect upon the danger I had escaped, I was so much 
 ciiTected that I could not refrain (Vom teafs. I endeavor- 
 ed to conceal from every eye this testimony of my sen- 
 sibility and grief; but being observed by some of the, 
 women, instead of feeling compassion, they threw sand 
 in my eyes, "to dry my eye lids," as they said. For- 
 tunately the obscurity of the night concealed me from 
 ihe sight of these monsters, and saved me from their 
 iary. 
 
 We had now been three days in a state of slavery, 
 and during that time had taken no nourishment but a 
 little flour, which, though before spoiled by the sea- 
 water, was rendered still more disagreeable by the mix- 
 ture of barley meal, which had long been kept in a 
 goat's skin ; and bad as this repast was, it was frecfuently 
 interrupted by the alarming outcries which we heard at a 
 distance. 
 
 The Arab tribe to whom we were prisoners had repair- 
 ed to the sea-coast a few days before our shipwreck, to 
 collect the fruits of wild plants for the support of their 
 families in the interior of the country ; but upon the ap- 
 proach of their enemies, the Ouadeiims, they prepared 
 to return home with their provisions and prisoners. 
 
 After passing mountains of prodigious height, cover- 
 ed with small, sharp, greyish flints, we descended into a 
 sandy valley, overgrown with sharp thistles. Having 
 here slackened our pace, I found that the soles of my 
 feet were entirely covered with blood, so that it was im- 
 possible for me to proceed any farther. My master 
 then made me get up behind him upon his camel ; buf 
 this attention, on his part, instead of giving me any 
 relief, had quite a contrary effect, and exposed me to 
 the severest pain. A camel naturally steps very heavily, 
 and his trot is remarkably hard. Being naked, and una- 
 ble to defend myself from the friction of the animal'* 
 
M. DE BRISSOX. 45 
 
 hair, in a very little time my skin was entirely rubbed 
 off. My blood trickled down the animal's sides, and 
 instead of exciting pity in these barbarians, this sight 
 afforded them a subject of diversion. They made sport 
 of my sufferings, and spared on the camels, in order to 
 heighten their enjoyment. My wounds would, in con- 
 sequence, have ^been rendered incurable, had I no? 
 formed the resolution of throwing myself off and walk- 
 ing upon the sand. This I accomplished, and sustained 
 no other injury in the fall than that of being: dreadfully 
 pricked by the thistles, which covered the whole surface 
 of the ground. 
 
 Towards evening, perceiving a thick smoke, I ima 
 gined that we were approaching sonic hamlet, where we 
 should find something to eat, and, above alf, something 
 to allay our intolerable thirst ; but I soon perceived that 
 there was nothing but a few bushes, in which our guide 
 had taken up his lodging. Exhausted with fatigue, I 
 retired behind one of them, to wait for the relieving 
 hand of death, but had scarcely extended myself OR 
 the ground when an Arab of our company came and 
 compelled me to get up to unload his camel. This in- 
 sult I resented, and found afterwards that it produced a 
 good effect. 
 
 I observed preparations making which threw me into 
 the greatest inquietude. They made flints red hot in a 
 large pan, raised a huge stone which lay at the foot of a 
 bush, dug up the earth, and frequently repeating my 
 name, they all burst into loud fits of laughter. Then 
 calling me, they obliged me to approach the hole they 
 had dug in the ground, while the man whom I had beat- 
 en made different signs with his hand, often drawing it 
 backwards and forwards against his throat, as if to give 
 me to understand that he would cut it, or that they were 
 resolved to serve me in that manner. In, spite of iny 
 resolution, and the determination to defend myself, these 
 gestures were very alarming ; but my apprehensions 
 were converted into surprise, when I saw them take 
 from the pit which I had approached, a goat's ekin full 
 of water, a small leather bag, coKtaining barley meal, 
 and a goat newly killed. By the sight of these 
 W2 
 
246 THE SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 sions I was restored to my former tranquility, though I 
 was ignorant for what purpose the heated flints were in- 
 tended. At length I saw them fill with water a large 
 wooden vessel, into which some barley meal had been put, 
 and the red hot flints Toeing thrown into the water, served 
 to make it boil. They then made a kind of paste, knead- 
 ing it afterwards with their hands, and swallowing it 
 without chewing. 
 
 As for us slaves we had nothing to eat but some of 
 this paste, which was thrown to us upon the carpet used 
 by our patron to put under his feet while he repeated 
 his prayers, and in the night as a mattrass to sleep on. 
 After kneading this feaven a long time, he gave it to me 
 to distribute it among my companions. It can scarcely 
 be imagined how disagreeable it was to the taste. The 
 water with which it was mixed had been procured on the 
 sea-shore, and was afterwards preserved in a goat's skin, 
 which they had lined with a kind of pitch to prevent it 
 from corrupting, by which its smell was rendered doubly 
 disgusting This water was our only drink, and, bad 
 as it was, our allowance was extremely scanty. 
 
 At dinner time, the next day, our masters regaled 
 upon raw fat, of which they appeared remarkably fond. 
 As soon as the meat was roasted, or rather baked, they 
 took it from the earth, and, without taking time to free 
 it from the sand which adhered to it, they devoured k 
 with excessive voracity. Having well picked the bones, 
 they used their nails to scrape off the remaining flesh, 
 and then threw them to us, telling us, at the same time, 
 to eat quickly, and unload the camels, that our journey 
 might not be delayed. 
 
 Passing some of the tents, the women, still mor 
 ferocious than the men, took pleasure in tormenting us 
 while our masters durst scarcely oppose them. Having 
 retired to a small distance from my load, I perceived a 
 man taking aim at me with a double- barrelled fusee, 
 upon which I presented my breast to him, desiring him 
 to fire. He was greatly astonished at this firmness, and 
 his surprise tended to confirm me, in rny opinion, that 
 these people are impressed with respect when a person 
 appears Hot to fear them, I was advancing 
 
M. DE BRISSOSL 247 
 
 this man, when I was struck on the head, and for a 
 few moments deprived of sense, fey a stone from an 
 unknown hand, but which I suspected to have been 
 thrown by his wife. 
 
 After resting three days among the Arabs of the tribe 
 of Roussye, we resumed our journey, penetrating far- 
 ther into the interior of the country, where we were to 
 join the families of our conductors. After being expos- 
 ed for sixteen days to the greatest fatigues and dreadful 
 miseries, we at length reached the end of our journey, 
 in a most wretched and exhausted condition. 
 
 Being observed upon the brow of a hill, several of 
 the black slaves, whose principal employment is to tend 
 the camels, came to meet our masters, in order to kiss 
 their feet, and inquire after their health. As we pro- 
 ceeded, the children made the air resound with shouts 
 of joy, and the woinen standing up, out of respect, 
 awaited at the doors of their tents, the arrival of their 
 husbands. Upon their approach they advanced towards 
 them with an air of submission, and each, after prostrat- 
 ing before her husband, laid her right hand on his heat! 
 and kissed it. This ceremony being finished they began 
 to satisfy their curiosity with regard to us, and to load 
 us with abuse ; but they did not stop here, for they even 
 spit in our faces, and pelted us with stones. The chil- 
 dren imitating their example, pinched us, pulled our 
 hair, and scratched us with their nails; their cruel 
 mothers ordered them to attack sometimes one and 
 sometimes another, taking pleasure in making them 
 torment us. Exhausted with hunger, thirst, and desr 
 pair, w r e had impatiently wished for the moment of our 
 arrival, but little did we foresee the new torments that 
 awaited us. 
 
 After our masters had divided their slaves, the favo$- 
 ite wife of the talbe ordered M. Devoise, M. Baudre, 
 and myself, who had fallen to her husband's share, to 
 unload the camels, to clean a kettle which she brougat 
 us, and to pull up some roots to make a fire White 
 thus employed in signifying her will to us, her husband 
 was quietly enjoying a sound sleep on the knees of OEJQ 
 q his concubines, 
 
248 THE SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 The hope of soon regaining my liberty inspired me 
 with sufficient fortitude to endure the hardships imposed 
 upon me by this diabolical woman. I, therefore, went 
 to collect some wood, but what was my surprise, when, 
 upon my return, I beheld my two companions, who 
 had been dreadfully beaten, extended on the sand. 
 They had been subject to this cruel treatment, because 
 their strength being entirely exhausted, they had been 
 unable to perform the task assigned them. My repeated 
 outcries awaked my master, and though, as yet, I spoke 
 fhe language very imperfectly, I endeavored to address 
 him in the following terms : " Have you conducted us 
 hither to cause us to be butchered by a cruel woman ? 
 Think of your promise. Conduct me without delay, 
 either -to Senegal or Morocco ; if you do not, I will cause 
 &11 the effects I gave you to be taken away." 
 
 My passion knew no bounds, and several of the 
 neighbors haying approached me, iny master appeared 
 to be extremely uneasy, fearing lest I should mention 
 the quantity of the effects which he had received from 
 Hie. Addressing himself to his wife : " I forbid thee," 
 said he, " to require from him the least service that may 
 be disagreeable to him, and if thou dost, I desire that 
 he may not obey thee." Prom this moment that wo- 
 man conceived an implacable hatred against me. 
 
 The end of August approached, and not the smallest 
 preparations were made for our journey. I asked Sidy 
 Mohammed what he was wailing for, in order to coi> 
 duct me to Senegal. He replied, that he was looking 
 for strong vigorous camels capable of enduring the 
 fatigues of such a journey, and that it was his intention 
 to set off as soon as he had procured them. 
 
 I was the more urgent in intreating him not to delay, 
 as the nights now began to be very uncomfortable, the 
 dew frequently wetting us through the bushes, which 
 afforded a kind oi' shelter. From this dew, we, how- 
 ever, obtained some relief ; for by collecting it in our 
 hands from our bodies, it served to quench or thirst, 
 which the coolness of the night did not allay, and we 
 preferred it to our own urine, which we were often ne- 
 cessitated to driuk. Having spoken to. my master a 
 
a:. DE ERissotf. 
 
 iid time, he made me such a reply as convinced 
 me he was sincere. " Dost thou think," said he, " that, 
 in the present excessive heat, it would be possible to 
 travel without provisions, and, above all, without water ? 
 We should find it very difficult to approach the Senegal, 
 as the river has inundated ail the neighboring plains ; 
 and we should have much to fear from the Arabs of the 
 tribe of Trargea, who are our energies. I -tell thee 
 the truth," added he^ " we must wait (ill the mouth of 
 October." 
 
 As we were Christians, when the. Arabs had almost 
 exhausted their provisions, their dogs fared, better than 
 we, and it was in the basins destined for their use that 
 we received our allowance. Their object was to make 
 us change our religion, but in this they failed, although 
 our food consisted of raw snails, and herbs arid plants, 
 that were trodden under foot. 
 
 I was soon undeceived by a yourg female Moor, 
 whose flocks fed with those I tended, respecting the 
 hopes I had entertained of liberty, in consequence of 
 my master's promises, and this information rendered my 
 labors still more irksome and insupportable. 
 
 I no longer met in the fields my companions in mis- 
 fortune, but above all, I regretted the loss of the cap- 
 tain. His company had often comforted me in afflic- 
 tion, and I found a kind of alleviation in conversing 
 with him on our sufferings, and the hopes we entertain- 
 ed of returning to our native land. One evening, the 
 coolness of the weather having enticed my camels to 
 stray farther than usual, I was under the necessity of 
 following them to a neighboring hamlet, where I Jbeheld 
 a spectacle truly horrible. The unfortunate captain was 
 extended lifeless upon the sand, holding, in his mouth, 
 one of his hands, which his extreme weakness had, 
 doubtless, prevented him from devouring. He was so 
 altered by famine, that all his features were absolutely 
 effaced, and Lis body exhibited the most disgusting 
 appearance. 
 
 A few days afterwards the second captain having fal- 
 len, through weakness, at the foot of an old gum tree, 
 was attacked by an enormous serpent. Some famish- 
 
250 THE snrpWRECK OF 
 
 ed cwws, by their cries, frightened away the venomous 
 animal, and alighting on the body of the dying man, 
 were tearing him to pieces, while. four savages more 
 cruel than the furious reptile, beheld this scene without 
 affording him the least assistance. I endeavored to run 
 towards him, if possible, to save his life, but was stop- 
 ped by the barbarians, who, after insulting me, said : 
 * This Christian also will soon become a prey to the 
 birds.' Finding my efforts ineffectual, I hastened from 
 this scene of horror ; and not knowing which way tr 
 direct my steps, T followed my sheep and rny camels. 
 Upon my arrival at the tents, my master, struck with 
 my absent and distracted looks, inquired what was the 
 matter. " Go, (replied I,) a few steps hence, and be- 
 hold what your cruelty, and that of your wife is capab!e 
 of producing. You have suffered my companion to ex- 
 pire, and because his illness prevented him from work- 
 ing, you refused him tfee .inilk necessary foriiis subsis- 
 tence." 
 
 While pronouncing these words, I concealed my teflrs, 
 which would only have excited the laughter of these 
 luiman brutes, who ordered me to go and bring avvaf 
 the bloody clothes of the unhappy victim of tfceir barbar- 
 ity. I was fired with indignation at such an indecent 
 proposal. f My agitation, and the fern which I had eateft 
 to appease my hunger, produced a painful vomiting, 
 which was succeeded by almost total debility. I was, 
 however, able to crawl behind a bush, where I found 
 another wretched object, who inquired the reason of my 
 tears, and if I had seen Baudre. " He is not far off, n I 
 re; !lod. This was all I could, or wished to say : but rn$r 
 master's sister, who came to bring us some milk, ex- 
 claimed, " The crows are now devouring Baudre's en- 
 trails ; you will soon meet the same fate ; you are good 
 for nothing else." 
 
 My health, which had hitherto been better than I 
 could hav^e expected, now declined fast. My whole 
 skin had been twice renewed, and my body began to be 
 eovered a third time, with a kind of scales, like those of 
 the Arabs, and this change w y as attended with considera- 
 ble pain, The thorns over which I fead walked, hail 
 
M. BE BRISSON. 251 
 
 torn jny feet to (he quck ; I cotild scarcely stand erect, 
 and the large dogs continually let loose upon me, and 
 from which I could never disengage myself without re- 
 ceiving dreadful wounds, rendered me absolutely inca- 
 pable of guarding the camels. To add to my misery, 
 the excessive heats about the end of February and 
 March, had dried up all the water in that part of the 
 country, and not a single drop of rain had fallen to 
 moisten the fields which I had sown. Our cattle finding 
 no pasture, were on the point of perishing, when the 
 tribes of Labdesseba and the Ouadelims, having taken 
 into consideration their present condition, resolved to 
 go in quest of some spot occupied by more industrious 
 inhabitants. 
 
 In this melancholy situation I accidentally met with 
 an Arab, having in his train a Christian slave, who, I 
 found, had been baiter to our ship. This man was dis- 
 posed of to my master at a moderate price, and ordered 
 to perform my ordinary laboi. I had now an oppor' ..- 
 ttity of recruiting my strength a little ; but the unfortu- 
 nate baker paid dearly for his knowledge in the art of 
 preparing food. Having eaten all the snails we could 
 find, we fed upon sheep which had died either of hunger 
 or disease. This suggested to us the idea of strangling 
 a few kids in the night time, persuaded that our nmsters 
 would not meddle with them, as their law prohibits their 
 eating of any animal unless it has died by (he knife; but 
 being suspected, and at length caught in the act, we 
 narrowly escaped having our throats cut. 
 
 One morning as I was preparing to set off to cut wood, 
 poor Devoise, addressing me in a faint and languishing 
 voice, said, " The illusion is now over; I have hitherto 
 fiattered myself with hopes of again beholding my na- 
 tive country, but I feel my strength forsake me. This 
 night, my dear friend ; for this tide justly belongs to you, 
 after all your care, you will find my body arrested by 
 the cold hand of death. Adieu, my friend ! the tears 
 which you strive to conceal, are a new proof of your 
 attachment. Write to my brother ; tell him that I re- 
 membered him in my last moments, and that I die with 
 the sentiments of a true Christian. v Adieu ! my lasi 
 
252 THE SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 moment is nearer than I expected. I expire !" 
 spoke no more ; that moment, indeed, was his last. 
 'I was deeply affected at loosing M. Devoise, though I 
 had only known him since our departure from Prance. 
 I went into the field to seek the only companion I had 
 now left, and, upon our return, we were ordered to car- 
 ry away our friend's body, and to dig a very deep pit; 
 in order, as the Arabs said, to conceal fliat Christian 
 from the sight of their children. This last duty to the 
 deceased, we performed with difficulty ; for, being too 
 weak to carry him, we were obliged to drag him by the 
 feet three quarters of a league. The earth, at the brink 
 of the pit giving way, I tumbled in first, and was very 
 near expiring under the weight of the body. 
 
 A few days afterwards we quitted that place to seek a 
 more fertile spot, and encamped in the vicinity of sev- 
 eral other tribes, where I found one of our sailors, 
 Earned D^enoux, who was a slave like myself. I enquir- 
 ^ what had become of my companions. " Six of them 
 (said he) were carried away by the Emperor's son, soon 
 after our shipwreck, and have since gone to France. 
 M. Taflfaro, the surgeon- major, died of blows he re- 
 ceived on the head with a large stick ; M. Raboin, 2d. 
 lieutenant, likewise expired in dreadful torture. Others, 
 to avoid the horrors of famine, have renounced their 
 religion. As for me, it will not be long before I follow 
 those whom death has delivered from their misery. Be- 
 hold in what a condition I am ; there is no kind of ill- 
 treatment to which I am not daily exposed." 
 
 Upon the information that some of the crew had re- 
 turned to France, I conceived new hopes, thinking that 
 the marine minister would transmit positive orders to 
 reclaim the rest. Such commands were actually re- 
 ceived by the vice-consul at Morocco, but he neglected 
 to execute them. I was reflecting upon the cause of this 
 total neglect, when upon retiring behind my bash, I was 
 much astonished to see my master's camels returning 
 without a guide. Being called, rather too late to receive 
 my portion of milk, and not seeing the poor baker, I 
 took the liberty of inquiring what was become of him, 
 but the Arabs returned a very cold apswcr, a* d <! 
 
M. DE BRISSON. 253 
 
 sue from their presence. Early the next morning a 
 young Arab, employed in tending the flocks, informed 
 ine that Sidy Mohammed, suspecting that the baker 
 privately milked his camels, watched him, and having 
 caught him in the act, seized him by the throat and 
 strangled him. 
 
 I was now the only slave remaining in the hamlet, 
 aud had no longer any companion to whom I could 
 comunicate my misfortunes. My situation became daily 
 more deplorable, but yet I resolved not to suffer myself 
 to he dejected. 
 
 This resolution, and my conduct towards those who 
 had endeavored to humble me, procured me some res- 
 pect among these savages ; so that I was occasionly 
 permited to lodge in the back of their tents, and even 
 sometimes to drink out of their vessels. My master, 
 too, suffered me to remain unmolested, and 1 was no 
 longer required to tend his camels. It is true, he never 
 said a word concerning my liberty, but if he had I 
 should not have regarded it, as I was so well acquainted 
 with his perfidy that I placed not the least confidence in 
 him. It was, however, necessary for me to make 
 faggots, as I had done for some time, in order to ex- 
 change them for milk, being often driven by thirst al- 
 most -to madness. The Arabs themselves suffered ex- 
 ceedingly from the same cause ; several of them died of 
 hunger and thirst ; this being the fourth season in which 
 their crops had been destroyed by drought. This dread- 
 ful situation had so irritated their minds, that the differ- 
 ent tribes made war upon each oU)er. Milk entirely failed 
 them, and each tried who could carry off most castle, 
 for the purpose of killing them and drying the fiesh. 
 Water was still scarcer, as little is to be found HI the 
 desert, excepting towards the sea, and even there it is 
 black, putrid, and brackish. The bad quality of this 
 beverage, together with the want of pasturage, always 
 keeps the Arabs at a distance from the coast. Being 
 destitute of every kind of provision, none attempted to 
 pu.sue his journey. Those who had the least milk 
 .quenched ihoir thirst from the bowels of the camels 
 which they kilied, From the stomachs of these ani- 
 X 
 
254 THE SHIPWRECK O 
 
 raals they pressed a greenish kind of water, which -they 
 carefully preserved, and boiled their flesh in it. That 
 procured from the bodies of their goats had the taste 
 and smell of sweet fennel, and the broth made of it 
 never appeared disagreeable ; but that procured from 
 .the camel was not equally .pleasing to the taste. I was 
 much astonished, that these animals, which never drink 
 above two or three times a year, and eat nothing but 
 dried plants, should have such a prodigious calamity of 
 water in their stomachs. 
 
 In order to regain my liberty I found means to get 
 again into my possession the treasure I had given the 
 Arab, which might have enabled me to cross the desert, 
 and to bribe the Arabs to conduct me to Morocco. 
 Sidy Mohammed, however, missed it, and prevailed on 
 me, by powerful arguments, once more to restore it. 
 "The principal inducement was a promise of being sent 
 to Mogador, and meanwhile to be allowed a sufficient 
 quantity of milk, night and morning. 
 
 At length chance conducted Sidy Mahmud, sheriff of 
 the tribe of Trargea^ to the place which I was watering 
 with my tears. He enquired who I was, upon which 
 the Arabs acquainted him with my history, boasting of 
 the great riches, in powder and arms, which I was said 
 to possess at Senegal. The sheriff immediately recol- 
 lected me, asked me what situation I had held in the 
 island of St. Louis, and I answered his questions. Look- 
 ing at me nearer, he exclaimed : " What ! art thou Bris- 
 son ?" Upon my replying in the affirmative, be appear- 
 ed greatly astonished, and addressing himself to the 
 Arabs : " You know not this Christian, (said he,) every 
 .thing at Senegal belongs to him." This man having 
 seen me deliver stores in the king's magazine, imagined 
 that they were my property ; and my master's brother- 
 in-law, Sidy Selim, hearing this flattering account of my 
 riches, did not scruple to purchase me at the price of 
 five camels. 
 
 I was ignorant of this bargain, when I was unexf; 
 edly filled with joy and surprise. Returning one evenirt: 
 with my master from watering our camels, for the third 
 time during three months, my mistress ordered me to 
 
M. DE BRISSON. 25 3> 
 
 * firry a leallier bucket, which she had borrowed, to a 
 neighboring tent. There I found Sidy Selim, who, 
 calling me to him, directed me to prepare to depart with 
 him the next morning for Mogador. I had been so often 
 flattered with this hope, and as often deceived, that I 
 could scarcely believe him to be in earnest. The ap- 
 pearance, however, of some preparation for the propos- 
 ed journey, convinced me that he was, and (he old 
 man repeating his protestations, I was so transported 
 that I threw myself at his feet, wept, sighed, and laugh- 
 ed ; in short, I knew not what I was doing. In order to 
 feel or form an idea of what I experienced, when I learn- 
 ed that the chains of rny servitude were broken, a per- 
 son must have been reduced to a similar situation. 
 
 My former master then called me, and told me that I 
 no longer belonged to him. " I have fulfilled my promise, 
 (he added,) you are going to be restored to your coun- 
 try." These words made me forget all my resentment, 
 and resign myself entirely to joy, which was increased 
 when informed that I was to have a companion. " We 
 are going to join him, (said he) a few paces hence/ 3 
 I was tar from suspecting that he meant tLe unfortunate 
 baker. The moment I saw him, I asked by what mira- 
 cle he had been restored to life. " Alas ! (he replied.) 
 I know not how I escaped death. Sidy Mohammed one 
 clay surprised me milking his camels. He ran up to me. 
 gave me several blows, and squeezed my throat so 
 closely that I fell almost lifeless at his feet. Upon re- 
 covering my senses, I was astonished to find myself 
 alone. My neck was covered with blood, and you may 
 still see the marks of his nails. I crawled, as well as I 
 was able, into a cavern of the rock, which several times 
 echoed the voice of my barbarous master, who came 
 back to look for me, or at least to see in what situation 
 I was. I had resolved either to starve myself to death, 
 or to make for the sea-coast, in the hope of meeting 
 with some vessel. I arrived there after a journey often 
 days, during which time I had no food but snails, and 
 nothing to drink but my own urine. I had scarcely pro- 
 ceeded twenty paces among the rocks, in order to hail 
 a small sloop, which lay at anchor off the coast, when I 
 
258 THE SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 was seized by two young Arabs, who took the greatest 
 care of me ; and since that time I have been their slave. 
 They appeared to be of a much milder disposition than 
 the Arabs of the interior, and are much more industrious. 
 They informed me, about a fortnight ago, that they were 
 going to take me to the sultan, and lam inclined to be- 
 lieve that their reason for bringing me hither, was. be- 
 cause they had agreed upon this place of rendezvous 
 with your master, after informing him that they had ine 
 in their possession." 
 
 Sidy Mohammed's behaviour, upon taking leave of 
 me, was very affecting. " Adieu, my dear Brisson !" 
 said he, " you are about to undertake a long journey. 
 You will soon perceive that I had great reason to be 
 afraid of it. I wish no danger may befal you, and that 
 your passage by sea may be more fortunate than the 
 last. Adieu ! forget not to send my wife the scarlet 
 cloth. Charge it to the account of Sidy Selim. Occe 
 more adieu, my dear Brisson !" The tears which accom- 
 panied his last words, might have deceived me, had I 
 not known what an adept he was in the art of dissimu- 
 lation. 
 
 After we had been sixty-six days on our journey, my 
 strength was exhausted, my legs were prodigiously 
 swollen, my feet covered with running sores, and I 
 should infallibly have sunk under my misfortunes, had 
 not my master, to encourage me, every now and then 
 .said, " Behold the sea ! Dost not thou see the ships ? 
 Have a good heart ; we are almost at our journey's end, 77 
 Hope supported me, and when I least expected it, I be- 
 held the element of which I had so much cause to com- 
 plain. Upon quitting a labyrinth of broom bushes, we 
 arrived at the top of a few little sand-hills, when, to 
 my inexpressible joy a joy, of which the reader cau 
 scarcely form any idea I perceived the French colors, 
 and those of several other nations, floating over the 
 poops of different vessels lying in the harbor of Moga- 
 dor, which place, I, as yet, knew only by the name of 
 Saira. " Well, Brisson !" said my master, " art thou 
 content ? Dost thou not see the vessels ? Are there 
 any French ? I promised to conduct thee to the consul, 
 
M. DE BRISSON, 257 
 
 and thou seest that I have kept my word. But what is 
 the matter : thou art quite silent ?" Alas ! what could I 
 answer ! I could scarcely give vent to my tears ; and to 
 articulate a word was impossible. I surveyed the sea, 
 the colors, the ships, and the city, and thought that every- 
 thing I beheld was only an illusion. The unfortunate 
 baker, equally affected and surprised, joined his sighs 
 with mine, while my tears bathed the hands of the gener- 
 ous old man who had procured me the enjoyment of 
 such an agreeable prospect. 
 
 On entering the city we met two Europeans, " Who- 
 ever thou art, (said I,) behold the misery of an unfortu- 
 nate man, and deign to assist him Afford me some 
 consolation, and revive my drooping spirits. Where 
 am I ? Of what country are you ? What day of the 
 month is it ? What day of the week is it ?" I found 
 that I addressed two of my countrymen from Bordeaux, 
 who after looking at me a few moments, went to inform 
 Messrs Duprat ami Cahanes, who considered it their 
 duty to relieve, as far as lay in their power, such unhappy 
 people as might bs driven upon these coasts. Those 
 gentlemen came to meet me> and without being disgust- 
 ed at my appearance^ which was far from inviting, they 
 clasped me in their arms and shed tears of joy at being 
 able to relieve an unfortunate man. 
 
 While [ was wailing for an audience with the emperor, 
 I saw a captain review l\is troop. Me was seated upon 
 the ground, with his chin resting upon his two fists, and 
 his arms placed upon his knees, which were bent up- 
 wards. He made his soldiers advance two by two, then 
 gave his orders, upon which the men, afier prostrating 
 before him, retired to their posts ; or went to enjoy their 
 amusement. 
 
 Five or six of the guards arriving with white staves, 
 suddenly leaped upon me, seized me by the collar, like 
 a malefactor, and having ordered two large folding doors, 
 like those of our barns, to be opened, they pushed me 
 rudely into u kind of enclosure, where I looked in vain 
 for an} r thing announcing the majesty of the throne. 
 Having walked fifteen or twenty paces past a kind of 
 wheel-barrow, my attendants made me suddenly 
 X2 
 
258 THE SHIPWRECK F 
 
 about, and pushing me in a brutal manner, ordered me 
 to prostrate myself before this wheel barrow, in which the 
 emperor was seated cross-legged, amusing himself with 
 stroking his toes. Having looked at me tor some time, 
 he asked, if I was not one of those Christian slaves 
 whose vessel had been cast away upon his coasts about 
 a year before ; what was the intention of my voyage to 
 Senegal, &c. " You were lost through your own fault," 
 said he, " Why did you not keep farther from the shore ? 
 Art thou rich ? Art thcu married ?" 
 
 I had scarcely answered these questions, when he or- 
 dered paper and ink to be brought him, with a small 
 reed, which he used as a pen. He then traced out the 
 four cardinal points, to shew me that Paris lay towards 
 the north, and wrote down a few cyphers, as far as 
 twelve, asking me if I knew them. He likewise put 
 several questions of the same kind, to display the great 
 extent of his learning. 
 
 " Did the mountaineers treat thee well 1 (continued 
 the prince ;) Did they take much of thy effects ?" I re- 
 plied to all his questions ; observing, that in proportion 
 as we approached the capital, we found the manners of 
 the inhabitants milder and more civilized. " My authori- 
 ty does not extend over all the country thou hast travers- 
 ed, (said he,) or rather my orders cannot be conveyed SQ 
 for. With whom didst thou come ?" With Sidy Selim, 
 of the tribe of Roussye. " I know him, let him be 
 brought hither." A moment afterwards my master wag 
 introduced. The emperor ordered one of his guards to 
 take care of me and the baker, till he should receive 
 fresh orders, and to supply me with food from the royal 
 kitchen ; this man seemed greatly surprised that the sul- 
 tan should have conversed so long with a slave. 
 
 Fortunately the French consul was at this time, in 
 great favor with the emperor, on account of some pres- 
 ents which he had made him. The emperor, for this 
 reason, set all the prisoners at liberty, and me among 
 the rest ; so that we had now only to consider of the 
 necessary measures for our return to France. 
 
 The Arabs of the desert among whom I had resided, 
 are so ignorant, that they not only consider themselves 
 
M. BE ERISSON, 
 
 as the principal nation in the world, but have the foolish 
 vanity to belive that the sun rises for them only : " Be- 
 hold that luminary, (said they,) which is unknown in 
 thy country ! During the night thou art not lighted as 
 we are, by that heavenly body which regulates our days 
 and our fasts. His children, (meaning the stars,) point 
 out to us the hours of prayer. You have neither trees 
 nor camels, sheep, goats, nor dogs. Are your women 
 made like ours ?" " Indeed, (said one, counting my 
 fingers and toes,) he is made like us ; he differs only in 
 his color and language, which astonishes me. Do you 
 sow barley in your houses ?" (meaning our ships.) No, 
 answered I ; we sow our fields almost in the same sea- 
 son as you. " How ! (exclaimed several of them,) do 
 you live upon land ? We believed that you were born 
 and lived upon the sea." 
 
 As soon as my quarantine was finished at Cadiz, where 
 I landed, before I proceeded to my native land, or to 
 the arms of a tender and affectionate wife, I wrote to the 
 Marechal de Castries that I waited his orders to return 
 to Senegal. Charged with fresh despatches, I again em- 
 barked at Havre de Grace, on the 6th of May, 1787, 
 and had the good fortune to arrive at the island of St, 
 Ijoute, without any accident. 
 
260 
 
 SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 THE JONGE THOMAS, 
 
 Dutch East-lndiaman, at the Cape of Good Hope, 
 June tlie 2df, 1773. 
 
 the 1st of June, 1773, being Whit-Mon- 
 day, there arose at the Cape a very high north-west 
 wind, with voilent hurricanes and showers of rain. At 
 iiight, in this storm, the Jonge Thomas, one of the- four 
 ships belonging to the Company that were still in the 
 road, having lost all her anchors, one after the other, 
 was driyen on th sands near the shore at Zoul River, 
 and, in consequence of her heavy lading, parted into 
 pieces in the middle. The surge rose to an amazing 
 height on the shore, and Zoul River was so swollen as 
 to be almost impassable. li is true from the middle of 
 May to the middle of August, the Company's ships are 
 prohibited from lying in the road ; yet it sometimes hap- 
 pens, that the governor permits it, in order to avoid 
 the inconveniences of victualling and lading the ships in 
 False Bay. Independently of the loss sustained by the 
 Company, as well in ships as merchandise, a number of 
 the crew likewise unfortunately perished on this occa- 
 sion. They were lost for want of assistance, and met 
 with a deplorable death very near the land. Only sixty- 
 three men escaped ; one hundred and forty-nine being 
 unhappily drowned. 
 
 The ship had scarcely struck, which happened just at 
 day-break, when the most efficacious measures were err- 
 ployed, to save as much as possible of the company's 
 
3HIFVVRECK OF THE JO^GE THOMAS. 261 
 
 property, that might chance to be cast on shore ; though 
 not the least care was taken to deliver a tingle soul of 
 the crew from their forlorn and miserable situation. 
 Thirty men were instantly ordered out, with a stripling 
 of a lieutenant, from the citadel, to the place where the 
 ship lay, in order to keep a strict look out, and prevent 
 any of the Company's effects from being stolen. A 
 gibbet was erected, and an edict issued at the same 
 time, importing that whoever should come near the 
 spot, should be hanged immediately, without trial, or 
 sentence being passed upon them* On this account, 
 the compassionate inhabitants, who had gone out on 
 borseback to the assistance of the wretched sufferers, 
 were obliged to return, witfiout being able to do theirt 
 the least service ; but, on the contrary, witnessed the 
 brutality and want of feeling evinced on this occasion 
 by certain persons, who did not bestow a thought on 
 affording the least assistance or relief to their fellow- 
 creatures upon the wreck, perishing with cold, hunger, 
 and thirst, and almost in the arms of death. 
 
 Another circumstance tended to render this otherwise 
 distressing scene still more afflicting. Among the few 
 lucky enough to save their lives by swimming from the 
 wreck, was the gunner, who stripped himself quite mik- 
 ed, in order that he might swim the easier, and had the 
 good luck to come alive to shore, which was not the 
 case with every one who could swim ; for mahy were 
 either dashed to pieces against the rocks, or by the vio- 
 lence of the surf, carried again into the sea. When he 
 arrived on shore he found his chest landed before him ; 
 but just as he was going to open it, and take out hig 
 great coat, the lieutenant who commanded the party, 
 drove him away from it, and though he earnestly beg- 
 ged for leave to take out the clothes necessary for cov> 
 eriag his naked and shivering body, and could also 
 prove by the key, fastened, according to the sailor's 
 custom, to his waist, as well as by his name cut on the 
 lid of his chest, that it was actually his property, he was, 
 nevertheless, forced to retreat without effecting his pur- 
 pose, by this merciless hero, who gave him several 
 smart blows with bis cane on his bare back. After he 
 
262 SHIPWRECK OF THE JONGE THOMAS. 
 
 had passed the whole day naked and hungry, and ex- 
 posed to the piercing winds, and was going to be taken, 
 in the evening,- to town i.long with others who had been 
 saved from the wreck, he again asked leave to take a 
 coat out of his chest to cover himself with ; but this 
 having been previously plundered, he found empty. 
 On entering the town, where he arrived stark naked, he 
 met with a burgher, who took compassion on him ami 
 lent him bis great coat. Afterwards, he, as well as the 
 other unfortunate wretches, were obliged to run about 
 the town, several days together,- begging victuals, 
 clothes, and money, till at length they received support 
 at the Company's expense, and were again taken iiito 
 its service. 
 
 Another action, honorable to humanity, deserves the 
 more to be recorded, as it shews, that at all times, and 
 in all places, there are both good and considerate peo- 
 ple, as well as such who have nothing human but the 
 shape. An old man, of the name of Wottemad, by 
 birth an European, who was at this time the keeper of 
 the beasts at the inanagerie, near the garden, had a son 
 in the citadel,, who was a corporal, and among the first 
 who had been ordered out to Paarde,n Island, ( Horse 
 Island,) where a guard was to be placed for the wrecked 
 goods. This worthy veteran borrowed a horse, and 
 rode out in the morning with a bottle of wine and a loaf 
 of bread for his son's breakfast. This happened so early 
 that the gibbet had not yet been erected, nor the edic 
 posted up, to point out to the traveller the nearest road 
 to eternity. The hoary sire had no sooner delivered to 
 his son the refreshments he had brought him, and heard 
 the lamentations of the distressed crew from the wreck, 
 than he resolved to ride his horse, which was a good 
 swimmer, to the wreck, with a view of saving some of 
 them. He returned safe with two of the unfortunate 
 sufferers, and repeated this dangerous trip six times f 
 each time bringing with him two men, and thus saved, 
 in all, fourteen persons. The horse was by this time so 
 much fatigued, that he did not think it prudent to venture 
 out again ; but the cries and, intreiities of the poor suffer- 
 ers on the wreck increasing, he ventured one trip more, 
 
SHIPWRECK OF THE JONGE THOMAS. 268 
 
 which proved so unfortunate, that he lost his own life, as 
 on this occasion, too many rushed upon him at once, 
 some catching hold of the horses tail, and others of the 
 bridle, by which means, the horse wearied out, and too 
 heavily laden, turned head over heels, and all drowned 
 I together. 
 
 This noble and heroic action of a superanuated old 
 man shews that a great number of lives might probably 
 have been saved, if a strong rope had been fastened by 
 one end to the wreck and by the other to the shore- 
 When the storm and waves had subsided, the ship was 
 found to lie at so small a distance from the land that 
 one might almost have leaped from her upon the shore. 
 
 On receiving intelligence of the above event, the East- 
 India Directors in Holland, ordered one of their ships to 
 be called the Woltemad, and the story of his hu- 
 manity to be painted on the stern : they farther enjoined 
 the regency of the Cape to provide for his decendants. 
 
 Unfortunately, in the southern hemisphere, all were 
 not impressed with the same sentiments of gratitude. 
 The young corporal Woltemad, who had been an una- 
 vailing witness of his father having sacrificed himself in 
 the service of the Company and of mankind, wished in 
 vain to be gratified with his father's place, humble as it 
 was. Stung with the disappointment, he left that un- 
 grateful country and went to Batavia, where he died be- 
 fore the news of such a great and unexpected recom- 
 mendation could reach him. 
 
26* 
 
 LOSS OP THE 
 
 APOLLO FRIGATE, 
 
 Jnd Twenty-Nine Sail of West-Indiamen, near 
 on tfie Coast of Portugal, April 2, 1804. 
 
 By an Officer of the Apollo. 
 
 JVI.ONDAY, the 26th of March, sailed from the 
 Cove of Cork, in company with his majesty's ship Ga- 
 rysfprt, and Sixty-Nine sail of merchant ships, under 
 convoy for the West-Indies ; 27th, were out of sight of 
 land, with a fair wind, blowing a strong gale, and steer- 
 ing W. S. W. . The 28th, 29th, a*id 30th, weather and 
 course nearly the same ; 31st, the wind came more to 
 the westward, but more moderate. Sunday, the 1st of 
 AprH, at noon, observed in lat. 40 deg, 51 min. north; 
 longitude, per account, 12 deg. 20 min. west; at eight 
 o'clock on Sunday evening the wind shifted to the S. W. 
 blowing very fresh; course S. S. E. At ten, up main- 
 sail, and set the main stay-sail. At a quarter past ten 
 the main-sail split by the sheeting giving way ; called all 
 hands upon deck. At half past ten strong breezes acd 
 squally; took in foretop sail, and set the fore-sail. At 
 half past eleven the maintop-sail split ; furled it and the 
 main-sail. The ship was now under her fore-sail, main, 
 arid mizen storm stay-sail ; the wind blowing hard, with 
 a very heavy sea. 
 
 About half past three on Monday morning;, the 2d, 
 the ship struck the ground, to the astonishment of every 
 one cm board; and, by the above reckoning, we then 
 
LOSS OF THE APOLLO FRIGATE. 2*3 
 
 conjectured upon an unknown shore. She continued 
 striking the ground very heavily sever?.! times, by which 
 her bottom was materially damaged, making much wa- 
 ter ; the chain-pumps were rigged with the utmost dis- 
 patch, and the men began to pump, but in about ten 
 minutes she beat and drove over the shoal. On en- 
 deavoring to steer her, found her rudder carried away 
 she then got before the wind ; the pumps were kept 
 going, but from the quantity of water she shipped, there 
 appeared every probability of her soon foundering, from 
 her filling, and sinking very fast. 
 
 After running about five minutes, the ship struck the 
 ground again, with such tremendous shocks, that all 
 were fearful she would instantly go to pieces, arid she 
 kept stricking and driving farther on the sands, the sea 
 making breaches completely over her. The lanyards of 
 the main and mizen rigging being cut away, the masts 
 fell, with a tremendous crash, over the larboard side ; 
 the fore mast went immediately after. The ship then 
 fell on her starboard side, with the gunwale under water. 
 The violence with which she struck the ground, and the 
 weight of the guns, those on the quarter-deck tearing 
 away the bulwark, soon made the ship a perfect wreck 
 abalt; only four gr five guns could possibly be fired to 
 alarm the convoy, and give notice .of danger. On her 
 stricking the second time, most pitiful cries were heard 
 every where between decks, many of the men giving 
 themselves up to inevitable death. I was told that I 
 might as weil stay below, as there was an equal likeli- 
 hood of perishing if I got upon deck. I determined to 
 go, but first attempted to enter my calm*, though in dan- 
 ger of having my legs broken by the chests floating 
 about, and the bulk-heads giving way ; I therefore de- 
 sisted, and endeavored to get upon the deck, which I 
 effected, after being several times washed down the 
 hatchway, by the immense volume of water incessantly 
 pouring down. The ship still beating the ground very 
 violently, made it necessary to cling fast to some part of 
 the wreck, to prevent being carried by the surges, or 
 hurled by the dreadful concussions, overboard ; the peo- 
 ple holding fast by Ihe larboard bulwark of the quarter- 
 Y 
 
L&S9 OF THE APOLLO 
 
 deck, and the mam channels, while our Captain stood 
 naked upon the cabin sky-light grating, holding fast by 
 the stump of the mizen-mast, and making use of every 
 soothing expression which could have been suggested to 
 encourage men in such a perilous situation. Most of the 
 officers and men were entirely naked, not having time 
 to slip on a pair of trowsers. Our horrible situation 
 every moment became more dreadful ; until day light 
 appearing, about half past four o'clock, discovered to us 
 the land, at about two cables length distance, a long 
 sandy beach, reaching to ape Mondego, three leagues 
 to the southward of us. On day-light clearing up, we 
 .could perceive between twenty and thirty sail of the 
 convoy ,ashore, both to the northward and southward, 
 .and several of them perfect wrecks. Being now certain 
 of being on the coast of Portugal, from seeing the above 
 ape, I am sorry to say, no person in the ship had the 
 least idea of being so near that coast. It blowing hard, 
 and a very great swell of the sea, (or what is generally 
 termed, waves, running mountains high,) there was little 
 prospect of being saved. About eight o'clock, there 
 feeing e^very likelihood of the ship's going to pieces, and 
 the after part 'laying lowest, Captain Dixon ordered every 
 person forward, which H was very difficult to comply 
 with, from the motion of tbe main-mast working on the 
 larboard gunwale, there being po other way to get for- 
 ward. Mr. Cook, the boatswain, had his thigh broken, 
 in endeavoring to get aboat over the side ; of six fine 
 boats not one was saved, being all staved and carried 
 over with the booms, &LC. Soon after the people got 
 forward, the ship parted at the gangways. The crew 
 were now obliged to stow themselves in the fore chan- 
 nels, and from thence to the bowsprit cad, to the itcrn- 
 jber of two hundred and twenty ; for out of two hundred 
 and forty persons on board when the ship struck, I sup- 
 pose twenty to have previously perished between decks, 
 and otherwise. Mr. Lawton, the gunner, the first per- 
 son who attempted to swim on shore, was drowned ; 
 afterwards Lieutenant Wilson; Mr. Runcie, surgeon; 
 Mr. M'Cabe, surgeon's mate; Mr. Stanley, master's 
 mate ; ami several men, shared the same fate, by reason 
 
LOSS OF THE APOLLO FIUGATi,. 2&t 
 
 of the sea breaking in enormous surges over -them l 
 though excellent .swimmers. About thirty persons had- 
 the good fortune to reach the shore, up ,n planks and 
 spars, amorg whom were Lieutenant Harvey, and Mr. 
 Ca'lam, master's mate. Monday night our situation was 
 truly horrid, the old men and boys dying through hunger 
 and fatigue, with Mr. Proby, rfnd Mr. Hayes, midship- 
 men. Captain Dixon remained all this night upon the 
 bowsprit. 
 
 Tuesday morning; presented us no boiler prospect of 
 being relieved from the jaws of death ; the wind blowing 
 stronger, and the sea much more 'turbulent. Ahoin 
 noon this day our drooping spirits werfe ; somewijr.t re- 1 
 lieved by seeing Lieut. Harvey and Mr. C&IIain, hoisting 
 out a boat from one of the merchant ships, to come to 
 the assistance cf their distressed shipmates. ' They 
 several times attempted to launch her through the surf, 
 but being a very heavy boat, and the sea on the beach 
 acting so powerfully against them, that they could not 
 possibly effect it, though assisted by nearly one humlrei} 
 men, of the merchant sailors, and of the Portuguese 
 peasants. Several men went upon rafts this day, made 
 from pieces of the wreck, but not one soul reached the 
 shore ; the wind having shifted, and the current setting 
 out, they were al! driven to sea, among w T hom was our 
 Captain, who, about three in the afternoon, went on the 
 jib boom with three seamen ; anxious to save the re- 
 mainder of the ship's company, and too sanguine of 
 getting safe on shore, he ventured upon the spar, saying, 
 on jumping into the sea, " My lads, I'll save you all/' 
 In a few seconds he lost his hold of the spar, which he 
 could not regain ; he drifted to sea, and perished. Such 
 was also the fate of the three brave volunteers who chose 
 his fortune. 
 
 The loss of our Captain, who, until now, had animat- 
 ed the almost lifeless cre\v, as well as the noble exertions 
 of Lieut. Karvey and Mr. Callam to launch the boa;, 
 not succeeding, every gleam of hope vanished, ?nd wr 
 looked forward for certain death the ensuing night, not 
 only from cold, hunger, and fatigue, but the expectation 
 of the remaining part of tee vrreck going to pieces err 1 ; 
 
208 LOSS OF THE APOLLO FRIGATE. 
 
 moment. Had not the Apollo been a new and well- 
 built ship, that small portion of her could not have so 
 long resisted the waves, and stuck so well together, par- 
 ticularly as the after part from the chess-trees was gone, 
 the starboard bow under water, the easlle-deck nearly 
 perpendicular, the weight of the guns hanging to the 
 larboard bulwark, on the inside, and ihe bower and spare 
 anchors on the outside, which it was not prudent k> cut 
 away, as they afforded resting-places to a considerable 
 number of men, there being only the fore channels, and 
 cathead, where it was possible to live in, and about 
 which were stowed upwards of one hundred and fifty 
 men ; it being impracticable to continue any longer in 
 the head, or upon the bowsprit, by reason of the break- 
 ers washing completely over those places. The night 
 drawing on, the wind increasing with frequent showers 
 of rain, the sea washing over us, and looking every in- 
 stant for the fore-castle giving way, when we must all 
 have perished together, afforded a spectacle. truly deplo- 
 rable ; the bare recollection of which, even now, makes 
 me shudder. The piercing cries of the people this dis- 
 mal night, at every sea coming over them, which hap- 
 pened every two minutes, were pitiful in the extreme ; 
 the water running from the head down all over the body, 
 keeping us continually wet. This shocking night, the 
 remaining strength of every person was exerted for his 
 individual safety. From the crowding so closely to- 
 gether, in such a narrow compass, and the want of 
 something to moisten our mouths, several poor wretches 
 were suffocated ; which frequently reminded me of the 
 Black Hole, with this difference only, that those poor 
 sufferers were confined by strong walls, we by water ; 
 the least movement, without clinging fast, would have 
 launched us into eternity. Some of the unfortunate 
 crew drank salt water ; several their own urine ; some 
 chewed leather ; myself and many more chewed lead ; 
 from which we conceived we found considerable relief, 
 by reason of its drawing the saliva, which we swallow- 
 ed. In less than an hour after the ship struck the ground, 
 all the provisions were under water, and the ship a wreck, 
 so that it was impossible to pro9ure any part. After Mu 
 
LOSS OF THE APCflLLO FRIGATE, 6*J 
 
 most painful night that is possible to conceive, on day- 
 light appearing, we observed Lieut. Harvey and Mr. 
 Callam, again endeavoring to launch the boat. Several 
 attempts were made without success, a number of men 
 belonging to the merchant ships being much bruised and 
 hurt in assisting ; aiternate hopes and fears now pervaded 
 our wretched minds; 15 men got safe on shore this 
 morning on pieces of the wreck. About three in the 
 afternoon of Wednesday the 4th, we had the inexpressi- 
 ble happiness of seeing the boat launched throiu r- 
 surf, by the indefatigable exertions of the brave otrK 
 assisted by the masters of the merchant ships, with a 
 number of Portuguese Peasants, who were encouraged 
 by Mr. Whitney, the British Consul, from Figuera. All 
 the crew then remaining on the wreck, were brought safe 
 on shore, praising God for a happy deliverance from a 
 shipwreck which has scarcely ever had its parallel. As 
 soon as I stept out of the boat, I found several persons 
 whose humanity prompted them to offer me sustenance, 
 though improperly in spirits, which I avoided as much as 
 possible. Our weak slate may be conceived, when it is 
 considered that we received no nourishment from Sunday 
 to Wednesday afternoon, and were continually exposed 
 to the fury of the watery element. After eating ami 
 drinking a little, I found myself weaker than before, oc- 
 casioned, 1 apprehend, from having been O long with- 
 out either. Some men died soon after getting on shore j 
 from imprudently dringing too large a quantity of spirits. 
 AH were in a very weak and exhausted state, the greater 
 part being badly bruised and wounded. About thirty 
 sail of merchant ships were wrecked at the same time on 
 this dreadful beach. Some ships sunk with all their peo- 
 ple, and almost every ship lost from two to twelve men 
 each ; yet the situation of the remainder was not equally 
 distressing with that of the crew of the frigate ; as (he 
 merchant ships drawing a less draught of water, had 
 mostly driven close on shore, and no person remained 
 on board them after the first morning. The masters of 
 the merchant ships had tents upon the beach, and so ire 
 provisions they had saved from the wrecks, which they 
 generously distributed, and gave every assistance to ibc 
 Y2 
 
270 LOSS OF THE APOLLO FRIGATE, 
 
 Apollo's people. Thus was lost one of the finest frigates 
 in the British navy, with sixty-one of her crew. The 
 number of persons lost in the merchant ships was also 
 very considerable. Dead bodies every day floated 
 ashore, and pieces of the wreck covered the beach for 
 ten miles in extent. 
 
 This fatal and unprecedented calamity, is universally 
 ascribed to the carelessness and inattention of the Com- 
 modore : and it is asserted, that had it been dark a 
 quarter of an hour longer, the whole, convoy would have 
 shared the same fate. 
 
271 
 
 SHIPWRECK OF THE 
 
 FRENCH SHIP DROITS DE L'HOMME, 
 
 Of 74 Guns, driven on Shore tJie 13th of January, 1797, 
 By Elias Pipon, Lieutenant of the 63d Regiment. 
 
 UN the 5th of January, 1797, returning home 
 on leave of absence from the West-Indies, in the Cum- 
 berland letter of marque, for the recovery of my health, 
 saw a large man of war off the coast of Ireland, being 
 then within four leauges of the mouth of the river Shan- 
 non. She hoisted English colors, and decoyed us 
 within gun-shot, when she substiuted the tri colored flag, 
 and took us. She proved to be les Droits d L'Homme, 
 of 74 guns, commanded by the ci devant baron, now 
 citizen La Crosse, and had separated from a fieet of 
 men of war, on board of which were twenty thousand 
 troops, intended to invade Ireland. On board of this 
 ship was General Humbert, who afterwards effected a 
 descent in Ireland (in 1799) with nine* hundred troops 
 and six hundred seamen. * 
 
 On the 7th of January went into Bantry Bay to see 
 if any of the squadron was still there, and on finding 
 none, the ship proceeded to the southward. Nothing 
 extraordinary occurred until the evening of the 1 3th a 
 
 * Sir Edward Pellew has since told me that the official 
 Account from France, on which he has received head mon- 
 ey, amounted to one thousand seven hundred and J\fti\ 
 souls at the time of the shipwreck. 
 
72 SHIPWRECK OF THE 
 
 when two men of war hove in sight, which afterwards 
 proved to be the Indefatigable and Amazon frigates. It 
 is rather remarkable that the captain of the ship should 
 inform me, that the squadron which was going to engage 
 him was Sir Edward Pellew's, and declared, as was 
 afterwards proved by the issue, that " he would not yield 
 to any two English frigates, but would sooner sink his 
 ship with every soul on board." The ship was then 
 cleared for action, and we English prisoners, consisting 
 of three infantry officers, two captains of merchantmen, 
 two women, and forty-eight seamen and soldiers, were 
 conducted down to the cable tier at the foot of the 
 fore- mast. 
 
 The action began with opening the lower deck ports, 
 which, however, were soon shut again, on account of the 
 great sea, which occasioned the water to rush in to that 
 degree that we felt it running on the cables. I must 
 here observe, that the ship was built on a new construc- 
 tion, considerably longer than men of war of her rate, 
 and her lower deck, on which she mounted thirty two 
 pounders French, equal to forty pounders English, was 
 two feet and a half Jower than usual. The situation of 
 the ship, before she struck on the rocks, has been fully 
 elucidated by Sir Edward Pellevv, in his letter of the 17tb 
 of January to Mr. Nepean :* the awful task is left for 
 me to relate what ensued. 
 
 * To render this narrative still more complete the letter 
 of Sir Edward Pellew to the Secretary of the Admiralty 
 is subjoined :-^~ 
 
 " / have the honor to make known to you, for the in- 
 formation of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty^ 
 tluit on Friday last , the I Sih instant, at lialf past noon, 
 in latitude 47 deg. 30 min. W. Ushant bearing JV. E. 50 
 leagues, we discovered a large ship in the JV. W. quarter , 
 steering under easy sail for France. The wind was then 
 at west, blowing hard, with thick hazy weather. I instant- 
 ly made the signal to the Amazon for a general chase, 
 and followed it by the signal that the chase was an enemy. 
 Jtt four P. M. the tndejatigabfe had gained sufficiently on 
 
DROITS DE L'HOMME. 278 
 
 At about four ia the morning a dreadful convulsion, at 
 the foot of the foremast, roused us from a stare of anx- 
 iety for our fate to the idea that the ship Was sinking ! 
 It was the fore-mast that fell over the side ; in about a 
 quarter of an hour an awful mandate from above was 
 re-echoed from all parts of the ship : Pauvres Anglais ! 
 pauvres Anglais ! Montez bien rite nous somme tons 
 perdus ! " Poor English men ! poor Englishmen ! come 
 on deck as fast as you can, we are all lost !" Every one 
 rather flew than climbed. Though scarcely able to 
 move before, from sickness, yet I now felt an energetic 
 strength in all my frame, and soon gained the upper 
 
 the chase for me to distinguish very dearly that she hs:d 
 two tier of guns, with the ioncr-deck ports shut, and that 
 she had no poop. 
 
 " M fifteen minutes bcf.re .s.\r ne brought the enemy 
 to close action, which continued to be weR supported, on 
 both sides, near an hour, when we unavoidably shot 
 ediead ; at this moment the Amazon appeared asttrn. and 
 gallantly supplied our place ; but the eagerness of Cap- 
 tain Reynolds, to second his friend, had brought hih; 
 dcr a pre^s of sail, ami after a ndt supported and close 
 Jire Jor a I it lie time, he aho unavoidably shot ahead. 
 T7v enemy, who had nearly effected nmtiit.'v'me on board, 
 appeared to he much larger than the Indefatigable, and 
 Jfom her heavy Jire of musquetry, I believe icas full of 
 ,nf.n. This Jire was continued untill the end of the ac- 
 tion, with great vivacity, although she frequently defend- 
 ed both sides of the ship at the same time. 
 
 " As soon .as ire had replaced some necessary rigging, 
 and the Amazon had reduced her sail, tie commenced a 
 second attack placing ourselves afler some raking broad- 
 sides upon each quarter ; and this attack, often nithin 
 pistol shot, was, by both ships, unremittcd for about Jive 
 hours ; ne then sheered off' to secure our masts. It 
 nould be needless to relate to their lordships every ej/'ort 
 that we made in an attack that commenced a quarter be- 
 fore six P. M. and did not cease, excepting at intervals, 
 fill half past Jour A. M. I bttiefe ten hours of more, 
 
74 SHIPWRECK 
 
 deck, but what a sight ! dead, and wounded, and living; 
 intermingled in a state too shocking to describe : not a 
 mast standing, a dreadful loom of the land, and breakers 
 all around us. The Indefatigable, on the starboard quar- 
 ter, appeared standing off, in a most tremendous se^ 
 from the Penmark Rocfcs, which threatened her with in- 
 stant destruction. To the great humanity of her com- 
 mander, those few persons who survived the shipwreck, 
 are indebted for their lives, for had another broadside 
 been fired, the commanding situation of the Indefatiga- 
 ble must have swept off at least a thousand men. 
 On the starbourd side was seen the Amazon, wiUifa 
 
 severe fatigue was scarcely ever experienced ; the sea was 
 high ; the people on the main deck up to their middles in 
 tlie water. Some guns broke their breechmgs Jour timw 
 over, some drew the ring-bolts from the sides, and many 
 of them were repeatedly drawn immediately after loading $ 
 alt our masts ttiefe tUuch wounded, the maintop-mast 
 completely unrigged, and saved wily by uncommon 
 alacrity. 
 
 " M about twenty minutes past Jour, the moon opening 
 rather brighter than before, tfuwed to Lieutenant George. 
 Bell, who was watchfully looking out on the forecastle, a. 
 glimpse of land ; he had scarcely reached me to repeat it, 
 when we saw the breakers. We were then close under the 
 enemy's starboard bow, and the Amazon as near her on 
 tJie larboard ; not an instant could be lost, and every life 
 depended upon the prompt execution of my orders ; and 
 here it is, with heartfelt pleasure, I acJtnowledge the full 
 value of my officer's and ship*s company, who, with itt 
 credible alacrity, hauled the tacks on board, and made sail 
 to the southward. The land could not be ascertained, but 
 ne took it to he Ushanl, and in the bay of Brest ; crip- 
 pled as we were I lu.id no particular fears ; but before day 
 ire again saw breakers on the lee boni ; tlie ship was in- 
 stantly wore to tJie northward and being satisfied that 
 ttie land we had before seen was not UshanL the lingering 
 approach of day-light was most anxiously looked for by 
 all, and soon after it opened, seeing the lard very clow. 
 
DROITS DE l/HOXME, 275 
 
 wo miles, just struck on shore. Our own fate drew 
 near. The ship struck and immediately sunk ! Shrieks 
 of borror and dismay were heard from ail quarters, 
 while the merciless waves tore from the wreck many- 
 early victims. Day-light appeared, and we beheld the 
 shore lined with people, who could render us no assis- 
 tance. At low water, rafts were constructed, and the 
 boats were got in readiness to be hoisted out. The dusk 
 arrived, and an awful night ensued. The dawn of the 
 day brought with it still severer miseries than the first, 
 for wants of nature could scarcely be endured any lon- 
 ger, having been already near thirty hours without any 
 means of subsistence, and no possibility of procuring 
 them. At low water a small boat was hoisted out, and 
 an English captain and eight sailors succeeded in getting 
 to the shore. Elated at the success of these men all 
 thought their deliverance at hand, and many launched 
 out on their rafts, but, alas ! death soon ended their 
 hopes. 
 
 ahead, rue again wore to the southward in twenty fathoms 
 water i and afr/v minutes after discovered the enemy, who 
 had so bravely defended herself, lying on her broadside^ 
 and a tremendous surf beating over her. Tiie miserable 
 fate of tier brave, but unliappy crew, was, perhaps, the 
 more .sincerely lamented by its, from the* apprehension of 
 suffering a similar misfortune. We passed her within a 
 mile, in a very bad condition, having at that time four 
 feet water in the hold, a great sea, and the nind dead on 
 the shore, hat we held ascertained, beyond a doubt, our 
 situation to the Hodlerne Bay, and that our fate, depended 
 upon the possible chance of weathering the Penmark 
 Rocks. Exhausted ? we were with fatigue every exertion 
 was made, 'and every inch of canvas set that could be car- 
 ried, and at eleven A. .If. we made the breakers, and, by 
 the blessing of God, weathered the Penmirk Rocks aboul 
 half a mile. The Amazon had hauled her wind to the 
 northward when we stood to the sQH/hward ; her condition, 
 I think, was better than ours, and I knew that her acfhi- 
 ty and exertions were fully equal to any that could be un~ 
 
276 SHIPWRECK OF THE 
 
 Another night renewed our afflictions. The morning 
 of the third, .fraught with still greater evils, appeared; 
 our continued sufferings made us exert the last effort, 
 and we, English prisoners, tried every means to save 
 as many of our fellow-creatures as lay in our power. 
 Larger rafts were constructed, and the largest boat was 
 got over the side. The first consideration was to lay 
 the surviving wounded, the women, and helpless men 
 in the boat, but the idea of equality, so fatally pormul- 
 gated among the French, destroyed all subordination, 
 and nearly one hundred and twenty having jumped into 
 the boat, in defiance of their officers, they sunk ber. 
 The most dreadful sea that I ever saw, seemed at that 
 fatal moment to aggravate the calamity ; nothing of 
 the boat was seen for a quarter of an hour, when the 
 bodies floated in all directions : then appeared, in aH 
 their horrors, the wreck, the shores, the dying, and the 
 drowned ! Indefatigable in acts of humaninty, an ad- 
 jutant general, Renier, launched himself into the sea, to 
 obtain succours from the shore, and perished in the 
 attempt. 
 
 der similar circumstances. The judgment with which she 
 was managed during such a long action, and the gallant- 
 ry ofjier attacks, coula not but merit the highest commen- 
 dation, and to the heart of a friend it was peculiarly 
 gratifying. I have full as much reason to speak highly 
 of my own officers and men, to whom I owe infinite obli- 
 gations. The lieutenants Thompson, Norway, and Bell ; 
 lieutenants O' Conner and Oihon, cf the marine ; and 
 Mr. Thompson, the master, have abundant claims on .my 
 gratitude, as well as every inferior officer in the ship. The 
 sufferings of the Amazon are unknown to me ; and I am 
 singularly Jiappy to say, that my own are incomidrrahfa. 
 Tfie first lieutenant, Mr. Thompson, a brave and 
 thy officer, is the only one of that description ivoi^ 
 with eighteen men, twelve of which number // ; -< 
 cf no serious consequence, consisting chiejfy ofii 
 contusions from splinters. I am., L 
 
 ( Signed) ED? 
 
RC1TS DE 
 
 Nearly one half of the people had already perished, 
 when the horrors of the fourth night renewed all our 
 miseries. Weak, distracted, and destitute of every 
 thing, we envied the fate of those whose lifeless corpses 
 BO longer wanted sustenance. The sense of hunger v/as 
 already lost, but a parching thirst consumed our vitals. 
 Recourse was had to urine and salt water, which only 
 increased our want; half a hogshead of vinegar indeed 
 Soated up, of which each had half a wine glass ; it 
 afforded a momentary relief, yet soon left us again in the 
 same state of dreadful thirst. Almost at the last gasp, 
 every one was dying wilh misery, and the ship, now 
 one third shattered away from the stern, scarcely afford- 
 ed a grasp to hold by, to the exhausted and helpless sur- 
 vivors. 
 
 The fourth day brought with it a more serene sky, and 
 the sea seemed to subside, but to behold, from lore to 
 aft, the dying in all directions, was a sight too shocking 
 for the fee-Hog mind to endure. Almost lost to a sense 
 of humanity, we no longer looked with pity on those 
 whom we considered only as the forerunners of our own 
 speedy fate, and a consultation took place, to sacrifice 
 some one to he focd for the remainder. The die was 
 going to be cast, when the welcome sight of a man of 
 war brig; renewed our hopes. A cutter speedily followed, 
 find both anchored at a short distance from the wreck. 
 They then sent their boats to us, and by ineajis of large 
 rafis, about one hundred, out of four hundred, who at- 
 tempted it, were saved by the brig that evening. Three 
 hundred and eighty were left to endure another r/i gift's 
 misery, when, dreadful to relate, above cr-e half were 
 found dead the next morning! 
 
 I was saved about ten o'clock on the morning of the 
 18th, with my two brother officers, the (' !' the 
 
 ship, and General Humbert. They treated us wiih gicat 
 humanity on bond the cutter, giving us a ii-tle weak 
 brandy and water every five or six minutes, and & 
 that a bason of good soup. I fell on the locker iu a 
 kind of trance for near thirty hours, ?.nd swelled to 
 a degree as to require medical aid to resfoiY; i.v, dtvi-*. ed 
 faculties. Having lost all our IKISOTSP. we were taken to 
 
 Z 
 
278 SHIPWRECK OF, &C. 
 
 Brest almost naked, where they gave us a rough shift of 
 clothes, and in consequence of our sufferings, and the 
 help we afforded in saving many lives, a cartel was fitted 
 out hy order of the French government to send us home, 
 without ransom or exchange. We arrived at Plymouth 
 on the 7th of March following. 
 
 To that Providence, whose great workings I have 
 experienced in this most awful trial of human afflictions, 
 be ever offered the tribute of my praise and thanks- 
 giving. 
 
273 
 
 THE LOSS OB 1 
 
 HIS MAJESTY'S SHIP PHOENIX, 
 
 Off the Island of Cuba, in the Year 1780. 
 By Lieutenant Archer. 
 
 JL HE Phoenix, of 44 guns, Captain Sir Hyde 
 Parker, was lost in a hurricane, off Cuba, in the year 
 1780. The same hurricane destroyed the Thunderer, 
 74, ; Stirling Castle, 64 ; La Blanche, 42 ; Laurel, 2ft ; 
 Andromeda, 28 ; Deal Castle, 24 ; Scarborough, 20 ; 
 Beaver's Prize, 16; Barbadoes, 14; Cameleon, 14; 
 Endeavour, 14; and Victor 10 guns. Lieutenant Ar- 
 cher was first lieutenant of the Phoenix at the time she 
 was lost. His narrative in a letter to his mother, con- 
 tains a most correct and animated account of one of the 
 most awful events in the service. It is so simple and 
 natural as to make the reader feel himself on board the 
 Phoenix. Every circumstance is detailed with feeling 1 , 
 and powerful appeals are continually made to the 
 heart. Jt must likewise afford considerable pleasure to 
 dbserve the devout spirit of a seaman frequently burst- 
 ing forth, and imparting sublimity to the relation. 
 
 Al Sea, June 30, 1780. 
 MY DEAREST MADAM, 
 
 I am now going to give you an account of our last 
 Cruise in the Phoenix ; and must premise, (hat should 
 any one see it besides yourself, they must put this con- 
 struction oil it that it was originally intended for the 
 
30 LOSS OF THE 
 
 eyes of a mother, and a mother only as, Dpon ffaai 
 supposition, my feelings may be tolerated. You will 
 also meet with a number of sea terms, which, if 
 you clcVt understand, why, I cannot help you, as 
 I am unable to give a sea description in any otker 
 words. 
 
 To begin then; On the 2d. of August, 1780, we 
 weighed and sailed for Port Royal, bound for Pensacola,, 
 having two store-ships under convoy, and to see safe 
 in ; then cruise of? the Havsnnah, and in the coif of 
 Mexico, for six weeks. In a few days we made the 
 two sandy islands, that look as if they had just risen out 
 of the sea, or fallen from the sky ; inhabited neverthe- 
 less-*, b}' upwards of 300 English, who get their bread 
 by catching turtles and parrots, and raising vegetables, 
 which they exchange with ships that pass, for clothing 
 and a few of the luxuries of life, r-s rum, &.c. 
 
 About the 12th we arrived at Pensacola, without any 
 thing remarkable happening, except our catching <i vast 
 quantity of fish, sharks, dolphins, and bonettos. Oh 
 the 13th sailed singly, and on the 14th had a very heavy 
 gale of wind at north, right off the land, so that we soon 
 left the sweet place, Pensacola, a distance astern. We 
 then looked into the Havanmih, saw a number of ships 
 there, and knowing that, some of them were bound 
 round the bay, we cruised in the track : a fortnight, 
 however, passed, and not a single ship hove in sight to 
 cheer our 'spirits. We then took a turn or two round 
 the gulf, but not near enough to be seen from the shore. 
 Yera Cruz we expected would have made us happy, 
 but the same luck still continued ; day followed day, 
 a;ul no sail. The dollar bag began to grow a little bulky, 
 Tor every one had lost two or three times, and no cue 
 had won : (this was a small gambling party entered 
 Into by Sir Hvde aad ourselves ; every one put a dollar 
 into a bag, and fixed on a day when we should see 
 a sail, but no two persons were to name the same 
 .!ay, and whoever guessed right first was to have 
 the bag.y 
 
 Being now tired of our situation, and glad the cruise 
 tf as almost out for we found the navigation very IBB- 
 
LOSS OF THE PIKBN1X. 28'1 
 
 gerous, owing t>> unaccountable currents ; so shaped 
 our course tor Cape Antonio. The next da} t! e man 
 at the mast head, at about one o'clock in" the afternoon, 
 called out : " A s;iil upon the weather bow ! Ha ! Ha ! 
 Mr. Spaniard, I think we have you at last. Turn ou 
 all hands! make sail! All hands give chace !" There 
 was scarcely any occasion for this order, for the sound 
 of a sail being in sight flew like wildfire through the ship, 
 and every sail was set in an instant, almost before the*- 
 orders were given. A lieutenant at the mast head. 
 with a spy glass, " What is she ?" " A large ship stud- 
 ding athwart rigiit before the wind. P-o-r-t ! Keep her 
 away ! set the studding sails ready !" Up comes the 
 little doctor, rubbing his hands ; " Ha ! Ha ! I have 
 won the bag." " The devil lake you and the bag ; look, 
 what's ahead will fill all our bags." MasMiead again : 
 "- Two more sail on the larboard beam !" " Archer, go 
 up and see what you can make of them." " Upon deck, 
 there ; I see a whole fleet of twenty sail corning right 
 before the wind." " Confound the luck of it, this is 
 some convoy or other, but we must try if we can pick 
 some of them out." " Haul down the studding sails ! 
 Luff ! bring her to the wind ! Let us see what we can 
 spake of them.' 1 * 
 
 Aboyt five we got pretty near them, and found them 
 to be twenty -six sail of Spanish merchantmen, under 
 qonvoy of three Hne of Battle ships, one of which 
 chased us ; but when she found we were playing with 
 her (for the old Phrenix had heels) she left chase, and 
 j >ined the convoy ; which ihey drew up into a Jurojv 
 and placed themselves at the outside; but we still kept 
 smelling about till after dark. O, for the Hector, the 
 Albion, and a Frigate, and we should take the whole 
 fleet and convoy, worth some millions ! About eicht 
 o'clock perceived three sail at some distance from the 
 fleet ; dashed in between them and gave chace, and 
 were happy to find they steered from the fleet. About 
 twelve came up with a large ship of twenty-six guns, 
 " Archer, every man to his quarters ! run the lower- deck 
 guns out, and light the ship up : shew this fellow our 
 forcp ; it may prevent his firing into us and killing a man 
 
282 LOSS OF THE PIKE NIX. 
 
 or tW3," No sooner said than done. " Hoa, (he ship 
 ahoy ! lower your sails, and bring to instantly, or PU 
 feink you." Clatter, clatter, went the blocks, and away 
 flew all their sails in proper confusion. " What ship is 
 ihiti 1" The Polly." " Whence came you ?" " From 
 Jamaica." " Where are you bound ?" " To New- 
 York." " What ship is that ? " The Phoenix." Huzza, 
 three times by the whole ship's company. An oldgrwn. 
 fellow of a sailor standing oiose by me : " O, d n your 
 three cheers, we took you to be something else." Up- 
 on examination we found it to be as he reported, and 
 that they had fallen in with the Spanish fleet that morn- 
 ing, and were chased the whole day, and that nothing 
 saved them but our stepping in between ; for the Span- 
 iards took us for three consorts, and the Polly took the 
 Phoenix for a Spanish frigate, till we hailed them. The 
 other vessels in company was likewise bound to New- 
 York. Thus was I, from being worth thousands in idea ? 
 reduced to the old 4s. 6d. per day again ; for the little 
 doctor made 1he most prize money of us all that day, 
 by winning the bag, which contained between 30 and 40 
 dollars ; but this is nothing to what we sailors sometimes 
 undergo. 
 
 After parting company, we steered S. S. E. to go round 
 Antonio, and so to Jamaica (our cruise being out,) with 
 our fingers in our mouths, and all of us as green as you 
 please. It happened to be my middle watch, and about 
 three o'clock, when the man upon the forecastle bawls 
 out, " Breakers ahead, and land upon the lee bow ;" I 
 looked out, and it was so, sure enough. "Ready about f 
 put the helm down ! Helm a lee !" Sir Hyde hearing 
 me put the ship about, jumped upon deck. " Archer, 
 what's the matter ? you are putting the ship about with- 
 out my orders !" Sir, 'tis time to go about ; the ship 
 is almost ashore, there is the land. " Good God, so if is f 
 Will the ship stay ?" Yes, Sir, I believe she will, if we 
 don't make any confusion ; she is all aback forward 
 new ? " Well, (says he,) work the ship, I will not 
 Hpeak a single word." The ship stayed very well. 
 Then heave the lead ! see what water we have ! 
 Three fathom." Keep the ship away, W.N.W. 
 
LOSS OF TIIE FHCENIX? 
 
 By the mark three." " This won't do, Archer." No, 
 sir, we had better haul more to the northward ; we carne 
 S. S. E. and had better steer N. N. W. " Steady, and 
 a quarter three." This may do, as we deepen a little. 
 44 By the deep four." Very well, my lad, heave quick. 
 " Five fathom. :> That's a fine fellow ! another cai-t 
 nimbly. " Quarter less eight." That will do, come, we 
 shall get clear by and bye. " Mark under water five. 5 * 
 What's that? "*Oniy five fathom, sir." Turn all hand* 
 up, bring the ship to an anchor, boy ! Are the anchors 
 clear ? " In a moment, sir. All clear." What water 
 have you in the chains now ? " Eight, half nine." Keep 
 fast the anchors till I call you. " Aye, aye, sir, ail fast." 
 ** I have no ground with this line." How many fathoms 
 have you out ? pass a long the deep sea-line ! " Aye, 
 aye, sir." Heave away, watch ! watch ! bear away, 
 veer away. " No gound, sir, with a hundred fathom." 
 That's clever, come, Madame Phoenix, there is another 
 squeak in you yet all dow r n but the watch ; secure tho 
 anchors again ; heave the maintop sail to the mast ; luff, 
 and bring her to the wind ! 
 
 1 told you, Madam, yeu should have a little sea-jar- 
 gon : if you can understand half of wliat is already saidj 
 I wonder at it, though it is nothing to what is to come 
 yet, \vhentheold hurricane begins. As soon as the ship 
 a little to rights, and all quiet again, Sir Hyde came 
 to ine in the most friendly wanner, the tears almost 
 starting from his eyes " Archer, we ought all to be 
 sp.uch obliged to you for the safety of the ship, and per- 
 haps of ourselves. I am particularly so ; nolhing but 
 that instantaneous presence of mind and calmness saved 
 her ; another ship's length and we should have been 
 fast on shore ; had you been the least diffident, or made 
 the least confusion, so as to make the ship baulk in her 
 stays, she must have been inevitably lost." Sir, you 
 are very good, but I have done nothing that I suppose 
 any body else would not have done, in the same situa- 
 tion. I did not turn all the hands up, knowing the watch 
 able to work the ship ; besides had it spread immediately 
 about the ship, that she was almost ashore, it might have 
 created a confusion that was better avoided. " Well," 
 says he, " 'tis well uuleed." 
 
LOSS OF THE FHCE^IX. 
 
 At day light we found that the current had set us be- 
 tween the Colladora rocks and Cape Antonio, and that 
 we could not have got out any other way than we did ; 
 there was a chance, but Providence is the best pilot. 
 We had sun set that day twenty leagues to the S. E. of 
 our reckoning by the current. 
 
 After getting clear of this scrape, we thought ourselves 
 fortunate, and made sail for Jamaica, but misfortune 
 seemed to follow misfortune. The next night, mf 
 watch upon deck too, we were overtaken by a squall, 
 like a hurricane while it lasted ; for though I saw it com- 
 ing, and prepared for it, yet, when it took the ship, it 
 roared, and laid her down so, that I thought she would 
 never get up again, However, by keeping her away, 
 and dueing up every thing, she righted. The rernain- 
 fler of the night we had very heavy squalls, and in the 
 morning found the main-mast sprung half, the way 
 through : 123 leagues to the leeward of Jamaica, the 
 hurricane months coming on, the head of the main-mast 
 almost off, and at a short allowance ; well, we must 
 make the best of it. The main-mast was well fished, 
 but we were obliged to be very tender of carrying the 
 sail. 
 
 Nothing remarkable happened for tent days, afterwards, 
 when we chased a Yankee Man of War for six hours, 
 ijuf could not get near enough to her before it was dark, 
 to keep sight of her ; so that we lost her because unable 
 to carry any sail on the main mast. In about twelve 
 days more niade the island of Jamaica, haying weather- 
 ed alUhe squalls, and put into Monte, go Bay for water; 
 go that we had, a strong party for kicking up a dust on 
 shore, having found three men of war lying there. 
 Dancing, &c. &c. till two o'clock every morning ; little, 
 thinking what was to happen in four day's time : for out 
 of the four ;nen of war that were there, not one was in 
 being at the end of that time, an 4 not a soul alive but 
 those left of our crew. Many of the hoases where we 
 had been so merry, were so completely destroyed, that 
 scarcely a vestige remained to mark where they stood. 
 Thy works are wonderful, God! praised be thy holy. 
 
OF THE MKESIX. 2&$ 
 
 September the 30th, weighed ; bound for Port Royal, 
 round the eastward of the island ; the Barbadoes and 
 Victor had sailed the day before, and the Scarborough 
 was to sail the next. Moderate weather until October 
 the 2d. Spoke to the Barbadoes off Port Antonio in the 
 Evening. At eleven at night it began to snuffle, with a 
 monstrous heavy bill from the eastward. Close reefed 
 the top sails. Sir Hyde sent for me : " What sort of 
 weather have we, Archer !" It blows a little, and has a 
 very ugly look ; if in any other quarter but this, I should 
 say we were going to have a gale of wind. " Aye, it 
 looks so very often here when there is no wind at all ; 
 however, don't hoist the top-sails till it clears a little, 
 there is no trusting any country." At twelve I was re- 
 lieved ; the weather had the same rough look : however, 
 they made sail upon her, but had a very dirty night. 
 At eight in the moreing I came up again, found it Wow- 
 ing hard from the E. N. E. with close-reefed top-par's 
 upon the ship, and heavy squalls at times. Sir Hyde 
 came upon deck : " Well, Archer, what do you think of 
 it V O, Sir, tis only a touch of the times, we shall 
 have an observation at twelve o'clock ; the clouds are 
 beginning to break ; it will clear up at noon, or else blow 
 tery hard afterwards. " I wish it would clear up, but I 
 doubt it much. I was once in a hurricane in the East- 
 Indies, and the beginning of it had much the same ap- 
 pearance as this. So take in the top-sails, we have 
 plenty of sea-room." 
 
 At twelve, the gale still increasing, wore ship, to 
 keep as near mid channel, between- Jamaica and Cuba, 
 as possible ; at one the gale increasing still ; at tvro 
 harder ! Reefed the courses, and furled them ; brought 
 to under a foul mizen stay-sail, head to the northward. 
 In the evening no sign f the weather taking off, but 
 every appearance of the storm increasing, prepared for 
 a proper gale of wind; secured all the sails with spare 
 gaskets ; good roling taWes upon the yards ; squared the 
 booms ; saw the boats all made fast ; new lashed the 
 giins ; double breeched the lower deckers ; saw that the 
 carpenters had the tarpaulins and batiins all ready for 
 hatchways ; got the top-gallant mast down upon th'o 
 
236 LOSS OP THE PHCENIS. 
 
 deck ; jil>boom and sprit-sail-yard fore and aft ; m 
 fact every thing we could think of to make a smrg 
 ship. 
 
 The poor devils of birds now began to find the uproafr 
 in the elements, for numbers, both of sea and land 
 kinds, came on board of us. I took notice of some, 
 which happening to be to leeward, turned to windward, 
 like a ship, tack and tack : for they could not-fly against 
 it. When they came over the ship they dashed them- 
 selves down upon the deck, without attempting to stir 
 till picked up, arid when let go again, they would not 
 leave the ship, but endeavored to hide themselves from 
 the wind. 
 
 At eight o'clock a hurricane ; the sea roaring, but the 
 Wind stiil steady to a point ; did not ship a spoonful of 
 water. However, got the hatchways all secured, ex- 
 pecting what would be the consequence, should the wind 
 shift ; placed the carpenters by the main- mast, with 
 broad axes, knowing, from experience, that at the mo- 
 ment you may want to cut it away to save the ship, a a 
 axe may not b found. Went to supper: bread, cheese, 
 and porter. The purser frightened out of his wits about 
 his bread bags ; the two marine officers as white as 
 sheets, not understanding the ship's working so much, 
 and the noise of the lower deck guns ; which, by this 
 thne, made a pretty screetching to the people not used 
 to it; it. seemed as if the whole ship's side was going at 
 each roll. Wooden, our carpenter, was all this time 
 smoking his pipe and laughing at the doctor; the 
 second lieutenant upon deck, and the third in his ham- 
 mock. 
 
 At ten o'clock I thought to get a little sleep ; came to 
 look into my cot ; it was full of water ; for every seam, 
 by the straining of the ship, had begun to leak. Stretch- 
 ed myself, therefore, upon deck between two chests, 
 and left orders to be called, should the least thing hap- 
 pen. At twelve a midshipman came to me : " Mr. Ar- 
 cher, we Are "just going to wear ship, Sir!" O, very 
 wel!, I'll be up dreed/ ; what sort of weather have you 
 got ? " It blows a hurricane." Went upon deck, found 
 Sir Hyde there. " It blows daum'd hard, Archer." It 
 
LOSS OF THE PHCENIX. 287 
 
 does indeed, Sir. " I don't know that I ever remem- 
 ber its blowing so hard before, but the ship makes a 
 very good weather of it upon this tack as she bows the 
 sea; but we must wear her, as the wind has shifted to 
 the S. E. and we were drawing right upon Cuba; so 
 do you go forward, and have some hands stand by ; 
 loose the lee }-ard- arm of the fore sail, and when she is 
 right before the wind, whip the clue garnet close up, and 
 roll up the sail." Sir ! there is no canvas can stand 
 against this a moment ; if \ve attempt to loose him he 
 will fly into ribbands in an instant, and we may lose 
 three or four of our people ; she'll wear by manning the 
 fore shrouds. " O, I don't think she will." I'll an- 
 swer for it, Sir; I have seen it tried several times on 
 the coast of America with success. " Well, try it ; 
 if she does not wear, we can only loose the fore sail 
 afterwards." This was a great condescension from such 
 a imn as Sir Hyde. However, by sending about two 
 hundred people into the fere-rigging, after a hard strug- 
 gle, she wore ; found she did not make so good weather 
 on this tack as on the other ; for as the sea began to 
 run across, she had not time to rise from one sea before 
 another dashed against her. Began to think we should 
 loose our masts, as~ the ship lay very much along, by 
 the pressure of the wind constantly upon the yards and 
 masts alone : for the poor mizen-stay-sail had gone in 
 yhreds long before, and the sails began to fly from the 
 yards through the gaskets into coach whips. My God ! 
 to think that the wind could have such force ! 
 
 Sir Hyde now sent me to see what \7as the matter be- 
 tween decks, as there was a good deal of noise. As 
 soon as I was below, one of the Marine officers calls 
 out : " Good God ! Mr. Archer, we are sinking, the 
 water is up to the bottom of my cot." Pooh, pooh! 
 as- long as it is not over your mouth, you are wrll off; 
 what the devil do you make this noise for ? I found 
 there was some water between decks, bitf nothing to be 
 alarmed at : scutled the deck, and it run into the well ; 
 found she made a good deal of water through the sides 
 and decks ; turned the watch below to the 'pumps, 
 (hough only two. feet' of water -in the v/ell ; but expected 
 
2#B tiOSS OF THE KHENMt. 
 
 to be kept constantly at work BOW, as the ship labored 
 much, with scarcely a part of her above water but the 
 quarterdeck, and that but seldom. Come, pump 
 away, my boys. Carpenters, get the weather chain- 
 pump rigged. All ready, Sir. Then man it, and keep 
 both pumps going. 
 
 At two o'clock the chain pump was choked; set the 
 carpenters at work to clear it ; the two head pumps at 
 work upon deck : the ship gained upon us while our 
 chain pumps were idle ; in a quarter of an hour tnty 
 were at work again, and we began to gain upon her. 
 While I was standing at the pumps, cheering the people, 
 Hie carpenter's mate came running to me with a face as 
 long; as my arm: O, Sir ! the ship has sprung a leak 
 m the gunner's room. Go, then, and tell the carpenter 
 to come to me, but do not speak a word to any one else. 
 Mr. Goodinoh, I am told there is a leak in the gunner's 
 room ; go and see what is the matter, but do not alarm 
 any body, and come and rv*ke your report privately 
 to me. In a short time he returned ; Sir, there is noth- 
 ing there, it is only the water washing up between the 
 timbers that this booby has taken for a leak. O, 
 very well ; go uf)on deck and see if you can keep 
 any of the water from washing down below. Sir, I 
 have had four people constantly keeping the hatchways 
 secure, but there is such a weight of water upon the 
 deck that nobody can stand it when the ship rolls. 
 The gunner soon afterwards came to me, saying, Mr. 
 Archer, I should be glad if yon would step this way into 
 i-he magazine for a moment : I thought some damned 
 thing was the matter, and ran directly. Well, what is 
 the matter here ? He answered, the ground tier of 
 powder is spoiled, and I want to shew you that it is not 
 out of carelessness in me in stowing k, for no powder in 
 the world could be better stowed. Now, sir, what am [ 
 to do ? If you do not speak to Sir Hyde, he will be 
 angry with me. I could not forbear smiling to see how 
 easy he took tho danger of the ship, find said to him, 
 Let us shake oiT (his gale of wind first, aii'J talk of the 
 damaged powder afterwards.- 
 
LOSS OF THE P1KENIX. 289 
 
 At four we had sained upon the ship a little, and I 
 went upon deck, it being my watch. The second lieu- 
 tenant relieved me at the pumps: Who can attempt to 
 describe the appearance of things upon deck ? If I was 
 to write for ever I could not give you an idea of it a 
 total darkness all above ; the sea on fire, running as it 
 were in Alps, or Peaks of Tcneriffe ; (mountains are 
 too common an idea;) the wind roaring louder than 
 thunder, (absolutely no flight of imagination, ) the whole 
 made more terrible, if possible, by a very uncommon 
 kind of blue lightning ; the poor ship very much pressed, 
 yet doing what she could, shaking her sides, and groan- 
 ing at every stroke, bir Hyde upon deck lashed to 
 windward ! I soon lashed myself alongside of him, and 
 told him the situation of tilings below, saying the ship 
 did not make more water than might be expected in 
 such weather, and that 1 was only afraid of a gun break- 
 ing loose. " I am not in the least afraid of that ; I have 
 commanded her six years, and h;ive had many a gale of 
 wind in her; so that her iron work, which always gives 
 way first is pretty well tried. Hold fast ! that was an 
 ugly sea ; we must lower the yards, I believe, Archer ; 
 the ship is much pressed." If we attempt it, Sir, we shall 
 lose them, for a man aloft can do nothing; ; besides their 
 being down would ease the ship very little ; the main- 
 mast is a sprung mast ; I wish it was overboard without 
 carrying any thing else along with it ; hut that can soon 
 be done, the gale cannot last for ever ; 'twill soon be 
 day-light now. Found by the master's watch that it 
 was five o'clock, though but a little after four by ours ; 
 glad it was so near day-light, uul Jooked for it with 
 much anxiety. Cuba, thou art much in our way ! An- 
 other ugly sea : sent a midshipman to bring news from 
 the pumps; the ship was gaining on them very much, 
 for they had broken one of their chains, but it was 
 almost mended agsin. News from the pump again. 
 i; She still gains ! a heavy lee !" Back- water from lee- 
 ward, half-way up the quarterdeck; filled one cf the 
 cutters up on t!ie booms, and tore her all to pieces ; the 
 ship lying alrhost on her beams end, s^d not attempting 
 to right agF.ifl. Word from below lhat the ship still 
 A a 
 
290 LOSS OF THE PHSENIX. 
 
 gained on them, as they could not stand to- the pumps, 
 she lay so much along. I said to Sir Hyde: This is 
 jno time, Sir, to think of saving the masts, shall we cut 
 the main mast away ? " Aye ! as fast as you can." I 
 accordingly went into the weather chains with a pole ax, 
 to cut away the lanyards ; the boatswain went to leeward, 
 and the carpenters stood by the mast. We were all 
 ready, when a very violent sea broke right on board of 
 us, carried every thing upon deck away, filled the ship 
 with water, the main and mizen-masts went, the ship 
 righted, but was in the last struggle of sinking un- 
 der us. 
 
 As soon as we could shake our heads above water, 
 Sir Hyde exclaimed : " We are gone, at last, Archer ! 
 ibundered at sea !" Yes, Sir, farewell, and the Lord 
 have mercy upon us ! I then turned about to look 
 at the ship ; and thought she was struggling to get rid of 
 some of the water ; but all in vain, she was almost full 
 below. " Almighty God ! I thank thee, that now I am 
 leaving this world, which I have always considered as 
 only a passage to a better, I die with a full hope of thy 
 mercies through the merits of Jtsus Christ, thy son, our 
 Saviour !" 
 
 I then felt sorry that I <?ould swim, as by that means 
 I might be a quarter of an hour longer dying than a man 
 who could not, and it is impossible to divest ourselves 
 of a wish to preserve life. At the end of these reflec- 
 tions I thought I heard the ship thump and grinding 
 under our feet ; it was so. Sir, the ship is aaihore ! 
 ki What do you say ?" The ship is ashore, and we 
 may save ourselves yet ! By this time the quarter- 
 deck was full of men who had come up from below ; 
 ;md the Lord have mercy upon us, flying about from all 
 quarters. The ship now made every body sensible that 
 she was ashore, for every stroke threatened a total disso- 
 lution of her whole frame ; found she was stern ashore, 
 and the bow broke the sea a good deal, though it was 
 washing clean over at every stroke. Sir Hyde cried 
 out: "Keep to the quarterdeck, my lads, when she 
 goes to pieces it is your best chance 1" Providentially got 
 
LOSS OF THE PHCENIX. 291 
 
 the foremast cut away, that she might not pay rount! 
 broad-side. Lost five men cutting away the foremast, 
 by the breaking of a sea on board just as the mast 
 went. That was nothing ; every one expected it would 
 be his own fate next ; looked for day- break with the 
 greatest impatience. At last it came : but what a scene 
 did it shew us ! The ship upon a bed of rocks, moun- 
 tains of them on one side, and Cordilleras of water on 
 the other : our poor ship grinding and crying out at 
 every stroke between them ; going away by piece-meal. 
 However, to shew the unaccountable workings of Provi- 
 dence, that which often appears to be the greatest evil, 
 proves to be the greatest good ! That unmerciful 
 sea lifted and beat us up so high among the rocks, 
 that at last the ship scarcely moved. She was 
 very strong, and did not go to pieces at the first 
 thumping, though her decks tumbled in. We found 
 afterwards that she had beat over a ledge of rocks, 
 almost a quarter of a mile in extent beyond us, where 
 if she had struck, every soul of us must have per- 
 ished. 
 
 I EOVT began to think of getting on shore, so stripped 
 off my coat and shoes for a swiiri, and looked for a 
 line to carry tbe end with me. Luckily could not find 
 one, which gave me time for recollection : " This won't 
 fto for me, to be the first man out of the ship, and first 
 lieutenant ; we may get to England again, and people 
 may think I paid a great deal of attention to myself, and 
 did not care for any body else. No, that won't do ; in- 
 stead of being the first, I'll see every man, sick and 
 well, out of her before me." 
 
 I now thought there was no probability of the ship's 
 soon going to pieces, therefore had not a thought of 
 instant death : took a look round with a kind of philo- 
 sophic eye, to see how the same situa f ibn aifected 
 my companions, and was surprised to find the most 
 swaggering, swearing bullies in fine weather, now the 
 most pitiful wretches on earth, when death appeared be- 
 fore them. However, two got safe ; by which means, 
 with a line, we got a hawser on shore, and made fast 
 to r the rocks, opon, which many ventured and arrived 
 
LOSS tF THE 
 
 safe. There were some sick and wounded on 
 who could not avail themselves of this method ; we 
 therefore, got a spare top-sail-yard from the chains 
 and placed one end ashore and the Other on the 
 cabin window, so that most of the sick got ashore this 
 way. 
 
 As I had determined, so I was the last man out of 
 the ship ; this was about ten o'clock. The gale now be- 
 gan to break. Sir Hyde came to me, and taking me 
 by the hand was so affected that he was scarcely able to 
 speak. " Archer, I am happy beyond expression, to 
 see you on the shore, but look at our poor Phcenix !" I 
 turned about, but could not say a single word, being 
 too full : my mind had been too intensely occupietf 
 before ; but every thing now rushed upon me at once, 
 so that I could not contain myself, and I indulged for a 
 full quarter of an hour. 
 
 By twelve it was pretfy moderate ; got some nails on 
 shore and made tents ; found great qualities of fish 
 driven up by the sea into holes of the rocks ; knocked 
 up a fire, and had a most comfortable dinner. In the 
 afternoon made a stage from the cabin windows to the 
 rocks, arid got out some provisions and water, lest the 
 ship should go to pieces, in which case we must all have 
 perished of hunger and thirst ; for we were upon a des- 
 olate part of the coasf, and under a rocky mountain, 
 that could not supply us with a single drop of water. 
 
 Slept comfortably this night, and the next day the idea 
 of death vanishing by degrees, the prospect of being 
 prisoners, during the war, at the Havannah, and walking 
 three hundred miles to it through the woods, was rather 
 unpleasant. However, to save life for the present, we 
 employed this day in getting more provisions and water 
 on shore, which was not an easy matter, on account of 
 decks, guns, and rubbish, end ten feet water that lay 
 over them. In the evening I proposed to Sir Hyde to 
 repair the remains of the only boat left, and to venture 
 in her to Jamaica myself ; and in case I arrived safe, to 
 bring vessels to take them all off ; a proposal worthy of 
 consideration. It was next day agreed to ; therefore got 
 *ne cutler en shore, and set the carpenters to work on 
 
LOSS OF THE Pfl(ENIX. 293 
 
 her; in two Jays she was ready, and at four o'clock in 
 the afternoon I embarked with four volunteers and a 
 fortnight's provision ; hoisted English colors as we put 
 off from shore, and received three cheers from the lads 
 left behind, and set sail with a light heart ; having not 
 Hie least doubt, that, with God's assistance, we should 
 come and bring them all off. Had a very squally night, 
 and a very leaky boat, so as to keep t\vv- buckets con- 
 stantly baling. Steered her myself the whole night by 
 the stars, and in the morning saw the coast of Jamaica 
 distant twelve leagues. At eight in the evening arrived 
 at Monte go Bay. 
 
 I must now begin to leave off, particularly as I have 
 but half an hour to conclude ; else my pretty little short 
 letter will loose its passage, which I should not like, after 
 being ten days, at different times, writing it, beating ur 
 with the convoy to the northward, which is a reason 
 this epistle will never read well ; for I never sat down 
 with a proper disposition to go on with it ; but as I knew 
 something ef the kind would please you, I was resolved 
 to finish it : yet it will not bear an overhaul ; so do nof 
 expose your '-son's nonsense. 
 
 But to proceed I instantly sent off an express to the* 
 Admiral, another to the Porcupine man of war, and went 
 myself to Martha Bray to get vessels ; for all their \ 
 sels here, as well as many of their houses, were gone to 
 Moco. Got three small vessels, and set out back again to 
 Cuba, where I arrived the fourth day after leaving my 
 companions. I thought the ship's crew would have de- 
 voured me on my landing ; they presently whisked me 
 up on their shoulders and carried me to the tent where 
 Sir Hyde was. 
 
 I must omit many little occurrences that happened on 
 shore, for want of time ; but I shall have a number of 
 stories to tell when I get alongside of you ; and the i.ext 
 time I visit you I shall not be in such a hurry to quit you 
 as I was the last, for then I hoped my nest would have 
 been pretty well feathered : But my tale is forgotten. 
 
 I found the Porcupine had anived that dayf and the 
 lads had built a boat almost ready for launching, that 
 would hold fifty of them, which was intended for ^ other 
 
294 LOSS OF THE PHOENIX. 
 
 trial, in case I had foundered. Next day embarked all 
 our people that were left, amounting to two hundred and 
 fifty ; for some had died of their wounds they received 
 in getting on shore ; others of drinking rum, and others 
 had straggled into the country. All our vessels were so 
 full of people, that we could not take away the few 
 clothes that were saved from the wreck ; but that was a 
 trifle since we had preserved our lives and liberty. To 
 make short of my story, we all arrived safe at Montego 
 Bay, and shortly after at Port Royal, in the Janus, which 
 was sent on purpose for us, and were all honorably ac- 
 quitted for the loss of the ship. I was made admiral's 
 aid de camp, and a little time afterwards sent down to 
 St. Juan as captain of the Resource, to bring what were 
 left of the poor devils to Bkie Fields, on the Musquito 
 shore, and then to Jamaica, where they arrived after 
 three months absence, and without a prize, though I 
 looked out hard off Porto Bello and Carthagena. Found 
 ki my absence that I had been appointed captain of the 
 Tobago, where I remain his Majesty's most true and 
 faithful servant, and my dear mother's most dutiful son. 
 
 ARCHER. 
 
SMC SUJFE11ING8 iUT 
 
 EGBERT SCOTNJBT, 
 
 Second Male of ike Brig Tk&ma*, Captain Gardne* , 
 
 TT&O survived by kimself Seventy-Five days in a 
 
 perfect Wreck, in the year 1803. 
 
 JL HE extraordinary case of Robert Scotney, a 
 native of Spalding, in Lincolnshire, was communicated 
 as follows, in a letter from Mr. Paulin, the fourth officer 
 of the Europe, to his father, dated, 
 
 11 Madras Roads t Sept. 8, 1803. 
 
 * On the 29th June, about half past eight, A. M. we 
 saw a small boat on our starboard bow, which upon near- 
 ing, we discovered to have only one sail set, and other- 
 wise a perfect wreck, No one was observed to be on 
 her deck, until, upon hailing her, a wretched object 
 presented himself, apparently in a most distressed situ- 
 ation, and in the posture of imploring our assistance. 
 A boat was immediately sent on board her, with Mr. 
 Mackeson, the second officer, who returned with him, 
 having sent the wreck adrift. 
 
 " By the poor man's account, it seems he sailed frcm 
 London as second mate of the brig Thomas, of London, 
 commanded by captain Gardner, belonging to Broderick, 
 and Co. of Wapping, on the 4th of March, i 802, bound 
 to the Southern Ocean, on the whale-fishery. That, 
 after touching at several places on their outward bound 
 voyage, they arrived at btaten-Island, where they con- 
 
296 SUFFERINGS OF 
 
 firmed sixer seven months, and got about seven or eight 
 hundred skins. In the course of that time they rose 
 upon her long-boat, lengthened and decked her, and 
 converted her into a shallop, of which they gave him the 
 command, and put three other seamen on board under 
 him, with orders to accompany the brig to the island of 
 Georgia, situated in about latitude 54 deg. 30. rnin. S. 
 long. 30 deg. 40 min. W. ; where they were bound, to 
 procure seals and sea-elephants. They accordingly left 
 Staten Island the end of January, in company with the 
 brig, and after a passage of eleven days, arrived at the 
 island of Georgia, where they remained about two 
 months, and left it in the beginning of April their own 
 and another brig (the John, of Boston) in compaay 
 and stood for the island of Tristan de Cunha, situated, 
 by Dairy mple's charts, in lat. 37 deg. 22 min. long. 13 
 deg. 17 min. W. 
 
 " On the 14th of April they parted from their consort 
 in a heavy gale of wind. He lost his three hands, who 
 were washed overboard by a tremendous sea, from 
 which he himself narrowly escaped, having a moment 
 before gone below for a knife to cut away some rigging. 
 At that time he had on board only three pounds and a 
 half of meat, three pounds of flour, six pounds of bread, 
 ajid two hogsheads of water, which were all more or less 
 damaged by the gale; ome whale-oil remaining at the- 
 bottom of the casks, a small quantity of salt, and some 
 tobacco. On this scanty pittance, and without any 
 means of dressing even that, he prolonged his existence 
 for the surprising period of Seventy-Five days I 
 
 " He likewise emptied a medicine-chest he had ou 
 board, and got out of it some burning medicines, which 
 be found made his body a little comfortable and warm, 
 as he never had his clothes off. He was almost con- 
 stantly wet. 
 
 " When we fell in with him he was shaping his course 
 for the Cape of Good Hope, having missed the island of 
 Tristan de Cunha, to which it \yas his intention to have 
 proceeded for the purpose of rejoining his consort, 
 whom he expected to have found there. His debility 
 was, however, so great, that he bad been for several 
 
EGBERT SC'JTKEY, 297 
 
 days previous incapable of going into the hold of his 
 vessel Tor what little sustenance then remained, or of 
 shifting his helm should a change of \\ind have happened. 
 
 " He then lived mostly on tobacco, which he lock an 
 amazing quantity of; and when he came on board, both 
 his cheeks were swelled out amazingly with the ruinous 
 quantity he had in his mouth, and which he seemed to 
 suck with convulsive agony. 
 
 " The appearance of this poor wretch, when he was 
 hauled up the side (for he could not walk.) deeply affect- 
 ed every one : he had entirely lost the use of his ex- 
 tremities: his countenance was pallid and emaciated ; 
 and it was the opinion of our surgeon that he could not 
 have prolonged his existence two days longer. 
 
 " It is not necessary to enlarge upon the thankfulness 
 *f the poor fellow for his preservation, or that he expe- 
 rienced every possible assistance which his situation 
 required, and which, I make no doubt, you will hear 
 with pleasure, proved successful.'* 
 
 Further confirmations of this account were received 
 by Messrs. Peter and William Mellish, on the 10th of 
 March, 1804, from Captain Gilson, of their ship Eu- 
 rope, en his voyage to Madras. Another letter from 
 Mr. Pattison gave nearly the same statement as above, 
 with the addition of what is truly characteristic of Brit- 
 ish seamen, that the sailors of the Europe raised a purse 
 f&r the poor feHew ef ne hundred snd fifteen guineas. 
 
THE SUFFERINGS 
 
 OF EPHRAIM HOW, 
 
 Of New-Haven, tvJio set sail for Boston in a sinatt 
 Ketch, which on its return was wrecked near 
 Cape Sable, in the Fear 
 
 Ihe 26th of August, 1876, Mr. Ephraim 
 Mow, of New- Haven, in New England, with his two 
 eldest sons ; one Mr. Augur ; Caleb Jones, son to Mr. 
 William Jones, one of the magistrates of New-Haven ; 
 and a boy ; six persons in all ; set sail from New- 
 Haven for Boston, in a small ketch, of about seven- 
 teen tons. 
 
 Having despatched his business there, he sailed for 
 New Haven on the 10th of September, but was forced 
 back to Boston by contrary winds. Here Mr. How was 
 seized with e violent flux, which continued nearly a 
 month ; many being at that time sick, and some dying 
 of the same. 
 
 Being in some degree restored to health, he again 
 sailed from Boston, October 10. They went with a 
 wind as far as Cape Cod : but on a sudden the weather 
 became very tempestuous, so that they ceuld not pass 
 the Cape, but were driven off to sea, where they were 
 in great danger, experiencing terrible storms, with out- 
 rageous wjrids and seas. 
 
 His eldest son fell sick and died about the 2 1st ; soon 
 after his other son was taken ill and died also. This 
 was a bitter cup to the poor father, for these youths 
 were his only assistance in working the vessel. Soon 
 after Caleb Jones died, so that half the company were 
 now no PI ore. 
 
SUFFERINGS OP EPHRAJM HOW. 
 
 - * Mr. How continued in a very sickly and weak state, 
 yet was necessitated to stand at the helm twenty-four 
 and thirty-six hours together. During this time the se* 
 was so boisterous as frequently to break over the vessel, 
 and if he had not baen lashed fast he must have been 
 washed overboard. In this extremity, he was at a loss 
 in his own thoughts, whether he should persist in endeav- 
 oring to make for the New-England shore, or bear away 
 for the Southern Islands. Upon his proposing the ques- 
 tion to Mr. Augur, they determined, according -to the 
 custom of some in those times, to decide this difficult 
 case by cabling lots. They did so, and it fell upon 
 New England. 
 
 Nearly about the 7th of November they lost their 
 rudder, so that now their only dependance was upon 
 Providence. In this deplorable state they drove up- and 
 down for a fortnight longer. During the last six weeks, 
 the poor infirm Mr. How was hardly ever dry, nor 
 had he the benefit of warm food above tbrice or there- 
 abouts. 
 
 At length, about the 21st of Novembev, early in the 
 mornirg, the vessel was driven on the tailings of a ledge 
 of rocks, where the sea broke violently. Looking out, 
 they saw a dismal rocky island to the leeward, upon 
 wliich, if Providence had not by the breakers given 
 them timely warninr, they had been dashed to pieces. 
 They immediately let go an anchor, and got out the 
 boat, and the sea became calm. The boat proving leaky, 
 and they being in great terror they took but little out of 
 the ketch, but got on shore as they cots Id. 
 
 Here they could discover neither man nor beast. It 
 was a small, rocky, desolate island, near Cape Sable, 
 the Southern extremity of Nova-Scotia. They now 
 appeared to be in great danger of being starved to death, 
 but the storm returning, beat so violently upon the ves- 
 sel, as it still lay at anchor, that it was stove to pieces, 
 and several things floated to the shore. 
 
 The following articles were all they hjid towards their 
 future support : A cask of gunpowder, which received 
 no damage , from the water ; a barrel of wine ; half a 
 barrel of molasses ; and several useful articles towards 
 
SUFFERINGS OF EPHRAIM ROW. 
 
 building a tent : all the above drifted from the wreck ; 
 besides which they had, firearms and shot; a pot for 
 boiling ; and most probably other things not mentioned 
 in the narrative. 
 
 Their tent was soon erected, for the cold was now 
 getting severe, but new and great distresses attended them, 
 for though they had arms and ammunition, there were 
 seldom any fowls to be seen, except crows, ravens, and 
 sea-gulls. These were so few, that they could seldom 
 shoot more than one at a time. Many times half a 
 fowl, with the liquor it was boiled in, served for a meal 
 for all three. Once they lived five days without any sus- 
 tenance, but did not feel themselves pinched with hun- 
 ger as at other times ; which they esteemed a special 
 favor of heaven unto them. 
 
 When they had lived in this miserable condition 
 twelve weeks, Mr How's dear friend asd companion, 
 Mr. Augur, died, about the middle of February, 1677 ; 
 so that he had none left to converse with but the lad, 
 who likewise departed on the 2d of April. 
 
 Mr. How was now the sole inhabitant of this desolate 
 spot during April, May, and June, and saw fishing ves- 
 sels, every now and then, sailing by ; some of which 
 came even nearer to the island than that which at last 
 took him off. He used all the means in his power to 
 make them acquainted with his distress ; but they either 
 did not see him, or were afraid to approach close to the 
 island, lest some oi those Indians should be quartered 
 there, who were at that time in hostility against the 
 English, viz. the North- East. Indians, who held out after 
 the death of the famous Philip, king of the Wompanags. 
 
 At length a vessel belonging to Salem, in New-Eng- 
 land, providentially passed by, and seeing this poor fel- 
 low, they sent their boat on shore, and took him away. 
 He had been on this island more than seven months, and 
 above a quarter of a year by himself. On the ICth of 
 July he arrived at Salem, and at last returned to his 
 family at New-Haven. They for twelve months had sup- 
 posed him- dead : by which it appeass he did not get 
 home till the cad of August, or perhaps later. 
 
304 
 
 LOSS OF HIS 
 
 MAJESTY'S SHIP LA TRIBUNE, 
 
 Off Halifax, (Nova Scotia,) November, 1797. 
 
 I A\ Tribune was one of the finest frigates in 
 his Majesty's navy, mounted 44 guns, and had recently 
 been taken from the French by Captain Williams in the 
 Unicorn frigate. She was commanded by Capt. S. Bar- 
 ker, and on the 22d of September, 1797, sailed from 
 Torbay as convoy to the Quebec and Newfoundland 
 fleets. In latitude 49 deg. 14 min. longitude 17 deg. 
 22 miu. she fell in and spoke with his Majesty's ship Ex- 
 periment, from Halifax ; and lost sight of all her con- 
 voy on the 10th of October, in latitude 74 deg. 16 min. 
 longitude 32 deg. 1 1 min. 
 
 About eight o'clock in the morning of the following 
 Thursday they came in sight of the harbor of Halifax, 
 and approached it very fast, with an E. S. E. wind,* when 
 Captain Barker proposed to the master to lay the ship to, 
 till they could procure a piiot. The master replied, 
 that he had beat a 44 gun ship into the harbor, that he 
 had frequently been there, and there was no occasion 
 for a pilot, as the wind was fovorable. Confiding in 
 these assurances, Captain Barker went into his cabin, 
 where he was employed in arranging some papers which 
 he intended to take on shore wirh him. In the mean 
 time the master, placing great depcndance on the judg- 
 ment of a negro, named John Cosey, who had former- 
 ly belonged to Halifax, took upon himself the pilotage 
 of the ship. By twelve o'clock the ship had approach- 
 ed so near the Thrum Cap shoals that the master be 
 Bb 
 
302 LOSS OP THJE LA TRIBUNE. 
 
 came alarmed, and sent for Mr. Galvin, master's mate, 
 who was sick below. On his coming upon deck, he 
 heard the man in the chains sing out, " by the mark 
 five !" the black man forward at the same time crying, 
 " steady !" Galvin got on one of the carronades to ob- 
 serve the situation of the ship ; the master ran, in great 
 agitation, to the wheel, and took it from the man who 
 was steering, with the intention of wearing the ship ; 
 but before this could be effected, or Galvin was able to 
 give an opinion, she struck. Captain Barker immedi- 
 ately went on deck and reproached the master with hav- 
 ing lost the ship. Seeing Galvin likewise on deck, he 
 addressed him, and said, " that, knowing he had for- 
 merly sailed out of the harbour, he was surprised he 
 ^eould stand by and see the master run the ship on 
 shore ;" to which Galvin replied, " that he had not been 
 en deck long enough to give an opjnion." 
 
 Signals of distress were instantly made, and answer- 
 ed by the military posts and ships in the harbor, from 
 which, as we|l as the dock-yard, boats immediately put 
 off to the relief of the Tribune. Tjie military boats, 
 and one of those from the dock yard, with Mr. Rack- 
 wm, boatswain of the Ordinary, reached the ship, but 
 the wind was so much against the others, that, in spite 
 of all their exertions, they were unable to get on board. 
 The ship was immediately lightened by throwing over- 
 board all her guns, excepting one retained for signals, 
 and every other -heaver article, so that about half past 
 eight o'clock in the evening the ship began to heave, 
 and at nine got off the shoals. She had lost her rudder 
 about three hours before, and it was now found, on ex- 
 amination, that she had seven fee,t water in her hold. 
 The chain-pumps were immediately manned, and such 
 exertions were made, that they seemed to gain on the 
 leaks. By the advice of Mr. Rackum, the captain or- 
 dered the best bower anchor to be let go, but this did 
 not bring her up. He then ordered the cable to be 
 cut ; and the jib and fore ,top-mast stay-sail were hoisted 
 to steer by. During this interval a violent gale, which 
 had come on at S. E. kept increasing, and carrying the 
 ship to the western skore. The small bower anchor was 
 
LOSS OF THE LA TRIBUNE. 303 
 
 soon afterwards let go ; at which time they found them- 
 selves in thirteen fathom water, and the mi z en mast was 
 then cut away. 
 
 It <vas now ten o'clock, and as the water gained fast 
 pon them, the crew had bat little hope left of saving 
 either the ship or their lives. At this critical peiiod 
 Lieutenant Campbell quitted the ship, and Lieutenant 
 North was taken into the boat out of one of the ports. 
 From the moment at which the former left the vessel all 
 hopes of safet3 r had vanished ; the ship was sinking fast, 
 the storm was increasing with redoubled violence, and 
 the rocky shore which they were approaching, resound- 
 ing with the tremendous noise of the rolling billows, 
 presented nothing to those who might survive the loss 
 of the ship but the expectation of a more painful death, 
 by being dashed against precipices, which, even in the 
 calmest day, it is impossible to ascend. Dunlap, one 
 of the survivors, declared, that about half past ten, as 
 nearly as he could conjecture, one of the men who had 
 been below, came to him on the fore***' lie, and told 
 him it was all over. A few minutes afterwards the ship 
 took a lurch, like a boat nearly filled with water and 
 going down; on which Dunlap immediately began to 
 ascend the fore-shrouds, and at the same moment cast- 
 ing his eyes towards the quarter deck, he saw Captain 
 Barker standing by the gangway, and looking into the 
 water, and directly afterwards he heard him call for the 
 jolly-boat. He then saw the lieutenant of marines run- 
 ning towards the taffrel, to look, as he supposed, for 
 the jolly-boat, which had been previously let down with 
 men in her ; but the ship instantly took a second lurch 
 and sunk to the bottom, after which neither the captain 
 nor any of the others officers were again seen. 
 
 The scene, before sufficiently distressing, ROW became 
 peculiarly awful. More than 240 men, besides several 
 women and children, were floating on the waves, mak- 
 ing the last effort to preserve life. Dunlap, who has 
 been already mentioned, gained the fore- top. Mr. Gal- 
 vin, the master's mate, with incredible difficulty, got 
 into the main top. He was below when the ship sunk, 
 directing the men at the chain-pump, but was washed 
 
.-04 LOSS OF THE LA TRIBUTE. 
 
 up the hatchway, thrown into the waist, and from thence 
 into the water, and his feet, as he plunged, struck 
 against a rock. On ascending he swam to gain the 
 main-shrouds, when three men suddenly seized hold of 
 him. He now gave himself up for lost ; but to disen- 
 gage himself from them he made a dive into the water, 
 which caused them to quit their grasp. On rising again 
 he swam to the shrouds, and having reached the main 
 top, seated himself on an arm chest which was lashed to 
 the mast. 
 
 From the observations of Galvin in the main top, and 
 Dunlap in the fore-top, it appears that nearly one hun- 
 dred persons were hanging a considerable time to the 
 shrouds, the tops, and other parts of the wreck. From 
 the length of the night, and the seventy of the storm, 
 nature, however, became exhausted, and during the 
 whole night they kept dropping off and disappearing* 
 The cries and groans of the unhappy sufferers, from 
 t-he bruises many of them had received, and their hopes 
 of deliverance* beginning to fail, were continued through 
 the night ; but as morning approached, in consequence 
 of the few who then survived, they became extremely 
 feeble. 
 
 About twelve o'clock the main mast gave way ; at 
 (hat time there were on the main-top and shrouds about 
 forty persons. By the fall of the mast the whole of 
 these unhappy wretches were again plunged into the wa- 
 ter, and ten only regained the top, which rested <m ihe 
 main yard, and the whole remained fast to the ship by 
 some of the rigging. Of the ten who thus reached the 
 top, four only were alive when morning appeared Ten 
 were at that time alive on the fore-top, but three were so 
 exhausted, and so helpless, that they were washed 
 away '. e any relief arrived ; three others perished, 
 and thus only four were, at last, left alive on the 
 fore- top. 
 
 T;ie place where the ship went down was barely 
 thrf ; times her length to the southward of the entrance 
 into Herring Cove. The inhabitants came down in the 
 night to the point opposite to which the ship sunk, kept 
 
LOBS OF THE LA TRIBUTE. 305 
 
 up large fires, and were so near as to converse with the 
 people on the wreck. 
 
 The first exertion that was made for their relief was 
 by a boy thirteen years old, from Herring Cove, who 
 ventured off in a small skiff by himself about eleven 
 o'clock the next day. This youth, with great labor and 
 extreme risk to himself, boldly approached the wreck, 
 aad backed in his litttle boat so near to the fore-top as 
 to take off two of the men, for the boat could riot with 
 safety hold any more. And here a trait of generous 
 magnanimity was exhibited, which ought not to pass 
 unnoticed. Dunlap and another man, named Monro, 
 had, throughout this disastrous night, preserved their 
 strength and spirits in a greater degree than their unfor- 
 tunate companions, whom they endeavored to cheer 
 and encourage when they found their spirits sinking. 
 Upon the arrival of the boat these two might have step- 
 ped into it, and thus have terminated th sir own suiier- 
 in^s ; for their two companions, though alive, .were 
 unable to stir ; they lay exhausted on the top, wishing 
 not to be disturbed, and seemed desirous to perish in 
 that situation. These generous fellows hesitated not a 
 moment to remain themselves on the wreck, and to 
 save their unfortunate companions against their will. 
 They lifted them up, and. with the greatest exertion 
 placed them in the little skiff; the manly boy rowed 
 them triumphantly to the Cove, and immediately had 
 them conveyed to a comfortable habitation. After sham- 
 ing, by his example, older persons, who had larger 
 boats, he again put off with his skiff, but with all his 
 efforts he could not then approach the wreck. His ex- 
 ample, however, was soon followed by four of the 
 erew who had escaped in the Tribune's jolly-boat, and 
 by some of the boats in the Cove. With their joint ex- 
 ertions the eight men were preserved, and these, with 
 the four who had saved themselves in the jolly-boat, 
 were the whole of the survivors of this fine ship's com- 
 pany. 
 
 A circumstance occurred, in which that cool thought- 
 lessness of danger, which so often distinguishes the 
 British tars, was displayed in such a striking manner, 
 
306 LOSS OF THE LA TRIBUNE, 
 
 that it would be inexcusable to omit it. Daniel Monro, 
 as we have already seen, had gained the fore-top. He 
 suddenly disappeared, and it was concluded he had 
 been washed away like many others. After being ab- 
 sent from the top about two hours, he, to the surprise 
 of Dunlap, who was likewise on the fore-top, raised his 
 head through the lubber-hole. Dunlap inquiring where 
 he had been, he told him he had been cruizing for a 
 better birth ; that after swimming about the wreck a 
 considerable time, he had returned to the fore-shrouds, 
 and crawling in on the cat-harpins, had actually been 
 sleeping there more than an hour, and appeared greatly 
 refreshed. 
 
307 
 
 THE SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 CAPTAIN GEORGE ROBERTS, 
 
 In his Passage from Virginia to the coast of Guinea, 
 in the Year 1721. 
 
 I UMEROUS are the disasters to which mari- 
 ners are exposed, and the fortitude with which many of 
 them have undergone the most mournful reverses of 
 fortune, teaches an useful lesson of patience or resig- 
 nation, and shews what man is capable of acting or suf- 
 fering. 
 
 Captain Roberts, who had been bred to the sea, in 
 the year 172i entered into a contract with several mer- 
 chants of London, to sail to Virginia, and there to load 
 with a cargo for the Guinea trade. Having purchased 
 slaves to the amount of his investments, he was to pro- 
 ceed with them either to Barbadoes or Virginia, as he 
 found most likely to be conducive to the interest of his 
 employers ; and having disposed of his live freight, he 
 was to load with the produce of the country, for the 
 London market. This was a complex and tedious en- 
 terprise, and fortune forbade that it should be more than 
 partially accomplished. Captain Roberts indeed reached 
 Virginia, and purchased a sloop and suitable cargo, with 
 which he steered towards the Cape de Verd Islands ; but 
 here calamities and distress overtook him. 
 
 Near St. Nichols, one of those islands, he fell into the 
 hands of pirates, who finding him a man of spirit and 
 intrepidity, anxiously strove to unite him in the same 
 nefarious confederacy. These attempts he steadily re- 
 
308 SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 sisted ; but his unhappy situation rendered it necessary 
 to conform more than he seems to have done with their 
 humors and prejudices. One of the commanders 
 among the pirates treated him with much indulgence, 
 probably from a wish to draw him into his lure. By the 
 interest of this person he was to be allowed to go on 
 board his own ship, and to be supplied with some ne- 
 cessaries ; but, unfortunately refusing to drink the Pre- 
 tender's health, which surely must have been a very 
 venial offence, circumstanced as he was, one of the 
 piratical captains threatened to shoot him through the 
 head ; and after having insulted him in the most inhu- 
 man manner, barbarously forced him on board his own 
 vessel at midnight, without provisions, water, or sails, 
 and with only two boys to assist in the navigation, one 
 of whom was not more than eight years of age. He 
 was not even allowed a light, and his ship being leaky, 
 darkness was doubly horrible 
 
 That men of the most abandoned characters should so 
 far forget what humanity is due to their fellow men, as 
 to expose any one to almost certain destruction, merely 
 on account of a foolish toast, may excite the astonish- 
 ment of the reflecting; nor, perhaps, shall we wonder 
 much less at the romantic resolution of Captain Roberts, 
 who braved death rather than submit to an insignificant 
 form. Sullen obstinacy is sometimes dignified with the 
 title of heroic constancy, and many have been esteem- 
 ed martyrs in a good cause, who only fell sacrifices to 
 their own perverse disposition?, or unsubmitting tempers. 
 We wish to establish the distinction between essentials 
 and forms ; between voluntary and compulsive deeds. 
 No external compliances can change the mind : Religion 
 and Loyalty, enthroned in the heart, may defy the ma- 
 lice of man. 
 
 Thus abandoned to his fate, and with a mind composed 
 and resigned, Captain Roberts first set about pumping 
 fcis vessel, by the assistance of the elder boy. Having 
 pretty well gained on the water, day-light appeared, when 
 he saw the full extent of his miserable situation. The 
 unfeeling wretches who turned him adrift, bad left him 
 scarcely acy thing to support life. On rummaging the 
 
CA*TAHS ROBERTS. SO 9 
 
 vessel, he found only a few crumbs of bread, ten gallons 
 of rum, a little rice, and some flour, with two gallons of 
 water. 
 
 With much labor he patched up a kind of sail in three 
 days time, during which space himself and his two youth- 
 ful companions fed on raw flour and rice, drinking noth- 
 ing but rum. But the heat of the climate and the fa- 
 tigues to which they were exposed, rendering this kind 
 of food unwholesome, they made cakes of dough with 
 the little water they had left ; but this operation exhaust* 
 ing their stock, they soon felt the extremes of drought, 
 which spirits could not assuage. 
 
 Providence now favored them with a plentiful shower 
 f rain, with which they quenched their thirst, and saved 
 about a gallon over. 
 
 Small as their stock of provisions was, they husband- 
 eel it with so much care, that with the addition of a shark 
 which they caught, it lasted them for three weeks. 
 When famine began to stare tbern in the face, they had 
 the ood fortune to discover the Isle of St. Anthony ; 
 but before they could reach the landing-place, darkness 
 set in, and they determined to wait in anxious expecta- 
 tion of the day. Thirst, however, was so pressing, that 
 the elder boy solicited permission to go on shore for a 
 titue water in a simH boat, and to return directly. 
 
 No sooner was he gone, than Captain Roberts, worrt 
 out with fatigue, was taken ill, and retiring to his cabin, 
 insensibly dropped asleep. At midnight he waked, and 
 running CM deck, to his extreme distress, found the ship 
 almost out. of sight of land. Astonished and afflicted at 
 this misfortune, he began to lose all hopes of recovering 
 the shore without the assistance of his companion ; and 
 to aggravate his misery, the ship was making water very 
 fast, and the anchor was out, wkieh he had not strength 
 to haul up. 
 
 The danger of sinking being most imminent, he ap- 
 plied himself to the pump, and in a few hours sucked it 
 dry. His next labor was to heave the anchor on board ; 
 and in this, too, he succeeded beyond his first hopes. 
 Parched with thirst, and without a drop of miter, he 
 now endeavored to regaia the island^ and at last cast vfr 
 thor in a sandy bay. 
 
310 SHIPWRECK OF 
 
 The same evening some negroes came to bis assistance 
 bringing with them a very seasonable supply of water. 
 This raised his drooping spirits ; and by the help of these 
 poor people, who had been engaged by the boy on shore, 
 he attempted to steer the ship into the port of Parraghesi. 
 In the night, the main-sail split, which so daunted the 
 negroes, that, they instantly took to their boat, leaving 
 Mr. Roberts in a more forlorn situation than ever. 
 
 Next day, while he was, exerting himself to steer the 
 vessel to land, he heard the voices of some people iu 
 the hold, and found three of the negroes, who had been 
 left dead drunk by their companions, from applying them- 
 selves too freely to the rurn, and were now just recover- 
 ing their senses. These people giving themselves up for 
 lost, when they discovered their situation, at first would 
 lend him no assistance ; but on a little reflection, and 
 finding they were near St. John's, they began to labor 
 for their preservation. One of them pretended to know 
 the harbor ; but when he approached the shore, he was 
 utterly at a loss, arid insisted on running the vessel on 
 the rocks. 
 
 In this dilemma Captain Roberts threatened to despatch 
 the first person who should attempt this desperate deed, 
 on which the pretended pilot leaped overboard and swam 
 to land. Soon after the Captain hauled in so close to 
 Punto de Sal, that he could almost leap on shore, and in 
 this situation the other negroes left him. 
 
 That night several of the natives made their appear- 
 ance on the rocks, and next morning swam to the ship, 
 congratulated Captain Roberts on his arrival, and offered 
 him any assistance in their power, if he would go on 
 shore. Unfortunately he could not swim, and for the 
 present was obliged to remain on board : but the natives 
 made his situation more comfortable, by bringing him 
 fish and other provisions. 
 
 The succeeding day the weather looked threatening, 
 and Mr. Roberts was justly afraid of being driven out to 
 sea. The negroes kindty interested themselves in his 
 preservation, and after trying in vain to fasten a rope to 
 the rocks, offered to swim with him and his boy to land. 
 Unwilling; however, to quit the ship while a hope re- 
 
CAPTAIN ROBERTS, 311 
 
 mained of saving her, he resolved to persevere; but the 
 next day, in spite of all his efforts, the storm drove her 
 on the rocks, which pierced her bottom. The water 
 now rising rapidly, the affrighted negroes left him ; but 
 as soon as the storm abated, they returned and swam 
 off with the boy. The Captain now consented to leave 
 the vessel, when two of them taking him by the arms, 
 bid him be of good courage, for St. Anthony would pro- 
 tect him. However, they had not proceeded half way, 
 when a surge parted one of his assistants, and had not a 
 third instantly supplied his place, this unhappy man must 
 have been lost. At last he reached the land, and soon 
 saw his vessel part asunder, while the natives employed 
 themselves in swimming backwards and forwards to the 
 wreck, to save what articles they could. 
 
 Thus was the captain hapily rescued from a boisterous 
 sea, and the attentions of the natives were exerted to 
 dissipate all reflections on his still distressful situation. 
 They made a fire to warm him and diy his clothes, 
 and expressed their admiration of his fortitude and per- 
 severance. 
 
 The governor, too, hearing of his misfortune, sent 
 the most humane offers of assistance ; and he was now 
 well supplied with milk and fruit. But with all the alle- 
 viations of humanity, not only the perils he had just 
 escaped, but his present situation filled him with awe and 
 apprehension. He was now fixed on a shelf of rocks, un- 
 der the covert of others which impended over his head. 
 These rose to an amazing height ; and it was not with- 
 out great danger that the friendly natives descended such 
 frightful precipices to his assistance, which it was impos- 
 sible for him to climb ; and as he could not swim, as 
 they did, to a landing-place, his immediate prospects 
 were those only of prolonged misery. 
 
 In this place Mr Roberts and his boy had continued 
 for several days, still visited by the natives, who exert- 
 ed themselves with increasing benevolence to relieve 
 him. Among those who now came off to him, was a 
 man. who, to his surprise, addressed him in English. On 
 inquiry what could bring him here, he said his name 
 was Franklin, that he was a aative of Wales, and after 
 
SIS SHIPWRECK OP 
 
 having been some time detained by pirates, had found 
 means to escape and to reach this island. 
 
 The conversation of Franklin gave Captain Roberts 
 much consolation ; and he indulged the hopes of having 
 the only boat belonging to the island sent round to take 
 him off ; but as it did not arrive at the expected time, 
 he became impatient, and resolved to attempt to climb 
 the rocks, by the assistance of the friendly natives. 
 
 With extreme difficulty he ascended half-way up the 
 first rock, some hundred feet, when looking down, his 
 head grew giddy with the horrid viw, and, had he not 
 been supported, he must have been dashed to pieces, 
 by falling to the bottom. At last he reached the first 
 landing place : from thence he proceeded about three 
 quarters of a mile in a narrow path, open towards the 
 sea, and sometimes found it so contracted as barely to 
 allow him footing. His guides, however, assisted him 
 with poles over the most difficulty places ; but at last 
 they came to an ascent almost perpendicular, when two 
 of the negroes striking a crag, to try if it was fixed, a 
 huge fragment tumbled over them, and from the noise 
 it raised, Roberts expected that the cliffs above would 
 instantly fall upon them, and involve them in undistin- 
 guished ruin. 
 
 When this alarm was over, they concerted measures 
 for farther operations ; and finding it impossible for Rob- 
 erts to climb the remaining space, his guides descended 
 .with him in an oblique direction, to the bottom, with- 
 out any accident. The fatigue he had undergone threw 
 him into a fever, which lasted near a month ; but still 
 he had the happiness to experience the unwearied assi- 
 duities of the natives ; and on his recovery found the 
 boat ready to receive him, when he departed and safely 
 reached the harbor. 
 
 Unable to walk or support himself, he was fastened 
 upon the governor's horse, and in that state conducted 
 to his house. This gentleman, in a manner honorable 
 to his feelings, sympathized with Captain Robert's dis- 
 tresses, and after some time, he was invited to take up 
 his residence with the son of a former governor, whf 
 received him with the pleasure of a friend. Mea^ 
 
CAPTAIN ROBERTS. 313 
 
 ilie natives continued their attentions, and daily supplied 
 him with various presents. As soon as Roberts was 
 able to w r alk abroad, he returned the visits of those 
 kind people, and amused himself in joining their hunt- 
 ing parties. That the breed of wild goats may not be 
 destroyed, no one is allowed to hunt without the govern- 
 or's consent, and this is one of the principal privileges 
 he enjoys. 
 
 With the mildest disposition and most benevolent in- 
 tentions, the natives appeared to be the most ignorant 
 and superstitious. They had a negro priest who officiated 
 among them, but his learning and understanding were 
 nearly on a level with those of his flock. 
 
 St. John's island, where Captain Roberts landed, is 
 situated in 1 5 deg. 25 mm. north latitude, and is very 
 high and rocky. It produces amazing quantities of salt- 
 petre in several natural caverns, where it hangs like 
 icicles, or forms a crust like hoar frost. 
 
 By the favor of the governor, Captain Roberts set 
 about building a boat to carry him thence, and having 
 saved several of the materials from the vessel which 
 was wrecked, the business was carried on with spirit. 
 The idea of visiting his native land, inspired Roberts 
 with resolution to persevere in this arduous undertaking, 
 and his operations were well seconded by the friendship 
 and attachment of the islanders. It is impossible to do 
 adequate justice to their general conduct and zealous 
 good services in favor of the English ; and though ship- 
 wreck, ki such a situation, where he was cut oft" from all 
 hopes oJ" deliverance, except by his own endeavors, 
 must have been painful enough ^ yet it appears that be 
 could not have been more fortunate than in falliiig into 
 the hands of such a gentle race of men. 
 
 The -boat being completed in the best manner that cir- 
 cumstances would allow of, and supplied with an ade- 
 quate stock of provisions, Captain Roberts devoted a 
 few days to make his thankful acknowledgments to the 
 natives, who desired no other reward but his favorable 
 report of them to his countrymen 4 and haying taken his 
 leave, he embarked, with his boy, two negro mariners, 
 ho belonged to St. Nicholas, and three of these islon- 
 Cc 
 
Si 4 SHIPWRECK Off 
 
 ders ; Franklin choosing t^ remain * in his present situa- 
 tion. 
 
 The evening after they sailed, they came to St. Phil* 
 lips, and landing next morning were courteously receiv- 
 ed. Here they fell in with a person who had the title of 
 Proanador of St. Johns, and who wanted to go to that 
 island. The boat being found inconvenient for a voyage 
 of any length, this gentleman proposed to Captain Rob- 
 erts to return with him to St. Johns, and to carry with 
 him some artificers, who would soon equip his little ves- 
 sel in a more commodious manner. This offer was very 
 grateful, and as several other persons wished to visit that 
 island, Captain Roberts accommodated them with a pas- 
 sage, for which he received an adequate recompense. 
 
 The same ^lay that they weighed from St. Phillips 
 they reached St. Johns, to the great satisfaction of all 
 the passengers and crew, some of whom being unac- 
 customed to nautical expeditions, plumed themselves 
 not a little on the voyage they had macfe. 
 
 The natives shewed our countrymen the same humane 
 and friendly attention as before; and by the assistance 
 of the carpenters they had brought from St. Phillips, the 
 boat was much improved and better adopted for any na* 
 vigation. 
 
 Having carried back the artificers, Captain Roberts 
 sailed for St. Jago, and continued trading for some time 
 among the different islands, carrying provisions to Mayo, 
 and loading back with salt ; till at length, being at St. 
 Nicholas, his boat was staved to pieces on the rocks, 
 while himself and crew were on shore. The inhabitants, 
 however, as at St. Johns, gave him the most convincing 
 proofs of their beneficence, and purchased the fragments 
 of his boat for twelve dollars. 
 
 Once more reduced to the necessity of attempting 
 some new expedient, or of remaining where he was, 
 the prospects of our author began to brighten before he 
 could come to any resolution of his own. An English 
 vessel arrived, commanded by Captain Harfoot, who 
 intended to trade among those islands for clothes, and 
 then to proceed to Barbadoes. This officer finding Cap- 
 tain Roberts likely to promote the objects of commerce 
 
CAPTAIN ROBOTS, 
 
 he had in view, made overtures to him for entering Into 
 the scheme ; a proposal which was gladly accepted by 
 the Captain. 
 
 They visited Bona Vista, Mayo, and St. Jago. Inr 
 the harbor of Port Praya, in the latter island, they found 
 an English ship from Guinea, freighted by the Portuguese 
 merchants. She had lost the greatest part of her crew, 
 and having a voyage still to perform, her captain was 
 anxious to engage the services of Roberts ; and the 
 hope of finding his way to England much earlier thahhe 
 could otherwise have done, prevailed on him to detach 
 himself ftom Captain Harfoot, and to embrace the pres- 
 ent offer. 
 
 Having embarked in this ship, they had scarcely left 
 St. Jago, when the most dangerous leaks were discover- 
 ed, and as the trade winds would not permit them to re- 
 turn to the Cape de Verd Islands, they had no alterna- 
 tive but to bear away for Barbadoes, which island they 
 reached en Christmas-day, 1724. 
 
 At this place the ship was completely repaired, and' 
 after a stay of three months in that island, they agate' di- 
 rected their course to Lisbon, where Captain Roberts 
 eagerly seized the first opportunity of obtaining a passage 
 to London, which he reached in June, 1725, after art 
 uniform series of distresses and disappointments, during 
 a period of four years. 
 
 Our author gives a general description of the Cape det 
 Verd Islands, which might probably have contained 
 some novelty at the period he wrote, but at this time it 
 could afford little amusement to our readers. 
 
 Captain Roberts appears to have been a man of forti- 
 tude and probity ; but he is no farther known than as he 
 delineates himself in the unfortunate adventures 
 which we have compiled this account. 
 
31 S 
 
 NARRATIVE OF THE LOSS OF THlB 
 
 EARL OF ABERGAVENNY, EAST-INDIAMAN, 
 
 Captain John Wadsnorth, which drove on the Shambles, 
 tlie Bill of Portland, and sunk in twelve 
 fathoms water, February 5, 1805. 
 
 Ti 
 
 . HE universal concern occasioned by the recent 
 loss of the Eapl of Abergavenny, has induced us to lay 
 before our readers an accurate statement of this imlan- 
 choJy disaster, chiefly collected from the accounts which 
 Were given at the India-House, by Cornet Burgoyne, of 
 liis majesty's 8th regiment of light dragoons, who had 
 the command of the troops on board the above vessel, 
 and by the fourth officer of the ship, (who were among 
 (he few who fortunately escaped from the wreck.) and 
 from the best information afterwards received. 
 
 On Friday, February the 1st, the Earl of Abergaven- 
 ny, East Indiaman, Captain Wadsworth, sailed from 
 Portsmouth, in company with the Royal George. Henry 
 Addington, Wexford, and Bombay Castle, under con- 
 voy of his Majesty's ship Weymouth, Captain Draper. 
 
 The Earl of Abergavenny was engaged in the compa- 
 ny service for six voyages, and this was the fourth on 
 which she was proceeding. 
 Her company consisted of 
 
 Seamen, &c. 160 
 
 Troops. King's and Company's - 159 
 
 P isengers at the Captain's table 1 40 
 
 . Ditto, at the Third Mate's 1 1 
 
 C-imese - - 32 
 
 Total 402 
 
JbOftS O THE ABERGAVENNY. 317 
 
 In going through the Needles, they unfortunately sepa- 
 rated from the convoy. The fleet, in consequence, lay 
 to nearly the whole of the next day ; but seeing nothing 
 of the Weymouth, proceeded under moderate sail to- 
 wards the next port, in hopes of being joined by the 
 convoy. On the 5th, 4he convoy not appearing, it was 
 deemed expedient to wait her arrival in Portland Roads, 
 particularly as the wind had become rather unfavorable, 
 having shifted several points from the N. E. Captain 
 Clarke, of the Wexford, being senior commander, and 
 consequently commodore, made the signal for those 
 ships that had taken Pilots on board^ to rim into the 
 Roads. / 
 
 The Earl of Abergavenny having at about half pasfc 
 three, P. M. got a pilot on Board, bore up for Portland 
 Roads with a steady wind, when on a sudden the wind 
 slackened, and the tide setting in fast, drove her rapidly 
 on the Shambles. The nearer she approached, the less 
 she was, under management ; and being at last totally 
 ungovernable, was driven furiously on th rocks, off 
 the Bill of Portland, about two miles from the shore. 
 She remained on the rocks nearly an hour, beating in- 
 cessantly with great violence, the shocks being so great, 
 that the officers and men could scarcely keep their foot- 
 ing on the deck. At 4, P. M. the shocks became less 
 violent, and in about a quarter of an hour she cleared 
 the rocks. The sails were immediately set, with an in- 
 tention to run for the first port, as the ship made much 
 water ; but the leak increased so fast that the ship would 
 aot obey the helm. In this situation, it was considered 
 accessary to fire signal guns of distress. Twenty were 
 fired : the danger did not, however, appear to those on 
 board sufficient to render it necessary for the ships boats 
 to be hoisted out at this moment, as the weather was 
 moderate, and the ship in si^itof the fleet and shore. 
 
 The leak increased fast upon the pumps at five, P. M, 
 Soon after striking, the hand pumps started above six 
 inches, and shortly after the water increased from six to 
 eight feet in spite of every exertion at the pumps. All 
 endeavors to keep the water under were found in vain, 
 &ad night setting in rendered the situation of all on 
 C c2 
 
318 LOSS OP THE ABERG.1VENNY* 
 
 board melancholy in the extreme : the more *$o, aa it 
 was then ascertained that the ship had received consider-^ 
 able damage in her bottom, immediately under the 
 pumps. All hands took their turn at the pumps, alter- 
 nately baling at the fore hatchway. At eight o'clock 
 their situation became still more dreadful, when it was. 
 found impossible to save the ship, which was eventually 
 sinking fast, and settling into the water. Signal guns 
 were again discharged incessantly. The purser, with 
 the third officer, Mr. Wadsworth, and six seamen, were 
 sent on shore, in one of the ship's boats, to give notice 
 to the inhabitants of the distressed state of the ship and 
 crew. At this time a pilot boat came off, and Mr. Evans, 
 with his daughter, Mr. Routledge, Mr. Taylor, a cadet, 
 and Miss Jackson, passengers, embarked for the shore, 
 notwithstanding a dreadful sea, which threatened them 
 with almost instant loss. 
 
 For a few moments the general attention of the crew 
 was diverted in observing the boats leave the ship ; but 
 these unfortunate people were soon reminded of their 
 own approaching fate, by a heavy swell, which baffled 
 almost every attempt to keep the ship above water. 
 Every one seemed assured of his fate, and notwithstand- 
 ing the unremitting attention of the officers, confusion 
 commenced on board, as soon as it was given out that 
 the ship was sinking. At 10, P. M. several sailors intreat- 
 ed to be allowed more liquor, which being refused, they 
 attacked the spirit- room, but were repulsed by the offi- 
 cers, who never once lost sight of their character, or 
 that dignity so necessary to be preserved on such an 
 occasion, but continued to conduct themselves'with the 
 utmost fortitude till the last. One of the officers, who 
 was stationed at the door of the spirit-room, with a brace 
 of pistols to guard against surprise in so critical a mo- 
 ment, at which post he remained even , while the ship 
 was sinking, was much importuned by a sailor, while 
 the water poured in on all sides, to grant him some 
 liquor. The man said he was convinced " it would be 
 all one with them in an hour hence." The officer, how- 
 ever, true to his trust in this perilous moment, had 
 enough tQ repulse tjie man 4 and bid him go to 
 
LOSS OF THE ABERGAVENNY. 319 
 
 his duty'with his fellow comrades, observing, " that if it 
 was God's will they should perish, they should die like 
 men." 
 
 At half past ten the water had got above the orlop- 
 deck, in spite of the endeavors of the officers and cre\ 
 who behaved in the most cool and exemplary manner, 
 All on board were now anxiously looking out for boats 
 from the shore, many wishing they had taken refuge in 
 those that had already left the ship, as their destruction 
 on board appeared inevitable. The utmost exertions 
 became necessaiy to keep the ship above water till the 
 boats came off from the shore. Unfortunately in the 
 general distress and agony of the moment, the ship's 
 boats were not hoisted out, when every soul on board 
 might possibly have been saved. At eleven o'clock, a 
 fatal swell gave the ship a sudden shock : she gave a 
 surge, and sunk almost instantaneously, two miles from 
 Weymoutli beach ; with scarce five minutes warning, 
 she went down by the head in twelve fathom water, 
 after a heavy heel, when she righted and sunk with her 
 masts and rigging standing. Many clung to loose spars, 
 and floated about the wreck, but the majority took refuge 
 in the shrouds. The severe shock of the ship going 
 down, made several let go their hold, whilst others, by 
 the velocity of the ship's decent, had not power to climb 
 sufficiently fast to keep above the water. The Halse- 
 well East-Indiaman was wrecked within a few miles from 
 this spot. See p. 214. 
 
 When the hull of the ship touched the ground, about 
 one hundred and eighty persons were supposed to be in 
 the tops and rigging : their situation was beyond all des- 
 cription wretched : the yards only were above water, 
 and the sea was breaking over them, in the dead of a 
 cold and frosty night. In about half an hour their spiiv 
 its were revived, by the sound of several boats beating 
 against the waves at a short distance ; but, alas ! how 
 vain their hopes, when on hailing the boats, not one of 
 them came to their assistance. The sound of them 
 died away, and they were again left to the mercy of the 
 rude waves By twelve o'clock their numbers had 
 jeauch decrease^: the swell had awept some off, 
 
LOSS OF THE ABKRGAVENNY. 
 
 others were, from the piercing cold, unable longer to re- 
 tain their hold. Every moment they perceived some 
 friend floating around them, for a while, then sinking* 
 into the abyss to rise no more. 
 
 About this time a sloop was discovered ; she had for- 
 tunately heard the signal guns, and came to an anchor 
 close by the ship. The weather was moderate, and 
 those who had survived were now promised a speedy 
 delivery. The sloop's boat was immediately manned, 
 and proceeded to the rigging that remained above water, 
 when every person was taken off. The boat returned 
 three times, taking twenty each return. Nothing could 
 be more correct than the conduct of the crew on this 
 occasion : they coolly got intp the boat, one by one 
 and those only as they were named by their officers. 
 When it was supposed that every one was brought off, 
 and the boat was about to depart for the last time, a 
 person was observed in one of the tops : he was hailed 
 to but did not answer. Mr. Gilpin, the fourth officer, 
 (whose extraordinary exertions on this occasion, as well 
 $s throughout the whole of tin's unfortunate affair, enti- 
 tle him to the highest commendation,) returned to the 
 wreck, and there found a man in an inanimate state, 
 exhausted from the severe cold. He most humanely 
 brought him down on his back, and took him to the 
 boat ; the man proved to be Serjeant Heart of the 22d 
 regiment. Every possible care was taken of him, but 
 to no effect : he died abouj; twelve hours after he had 
 landed. The sloop having now, as was supposed, taken 
 on board all the survivors of the ship, returned to Wey- 
 moulh. She had not, however, proceeded far, before it 
 was perceived that Mr. Baggot, the chief officer, was 
 elose astern. The sloop immediately lay to for him ; 
 but this nohle spirited young man, although certain of 
 securing his own life^ disregarded his safety, on perceiv- 
 ing Mrs. Blair, an unfortunate fellow passenger, floating 
 at some distance from him. He succeeded in coming 
 up with her, and sustained her above water, while he 
 swarn towards the sloop ; but just as he was on the 
 point of reaching it, a swell came on, and his strength 
 being totally exhausUal, toe sirnk and never rose again. 
 
LOSS OF THE ABERGAVENKr. 821 
 
 The unfortunate Mrs. Blair sunk after him, and this gen- 
 erous youth thus perished in vain. It was nearly two 
 o'clock before she weighed anchor from the wreck, but 
 the wind being favorable she soon reached .the port, 
 On mustering those who had landed, it appeared that 
 only 155 persons had reached the shore out of 402 who 
 had embarked ! 
 
 The greatest attention was paid to the unfortunate suf- 
 ferers by the mayor and aldermen, as well as the princi- 
 pal inhabitants of Weymouth : and the purser was im- 
 mediately dispatched to the India-House with the me- 
 lancholy intelligence. 
 
 At day-light, February the 6th, the top-masts of the 
 ship were seen from Weymouth. During the time the 
 passengers and crew remained in the tops she appeared 
 to have^unk eight feet, and was considerably lower in the 
 morning ; it was therefore conjectured, that she had sunk 
 on a mud-bank. The Greyhound cuUerwas immediate- 
 ly stationed to guard the wreck, and the boats from the 
 Rover succeeded in stripping the masts of the rigging. 
 On the 7th her decks had not been blown up, and she 
 appeared .to remain in exactly the same state in which 
 she had sunk. Her sinking so steadily is attributed to 
 the great weight of her cargo, her floorings consisting 
 chiefly of earthen-ware. The cargo of the ship was es- 
 timated at 00,0001 besides .which she had on board 
 dollars to the am omit of 275,000 ounces, and is suppos- 
 ed to have bten one of the richest ships that ever sailed 
 for India. She was of the largest tonnage, and inferior 
 only to the Ganges in the service, being at least 1500 
 tons burthen, and built for the China trade. 
 
 About bO officers and seamen were paved, 11 passen- 
 ger?, 1 5 Chinese, five out of 32 cadets, and 45 recruits. 
 The captain was drowned. He was nephew to Cap- 
 tain \Vadsworth. who formerly commanded the Ea*l of 
 Abergavenny, and was considered one of the first naviga- 
 tors in the service. He was on his third voyage as captain, 
 and painful to relate, perised with his ship, disdaining 
 to survive the logs of so valuable a charge : his conduct, 
 throughout the distressing scene, has been spoken of ia 
 terms of the highest praise. It is an extraordinary fact, 
 
LOSS OF THE ABERGAVESNT, 
 
 that he felt such an unaccountable depression of spirits, 
 that he could not be persuaded to go through the usual 
 ceremony of taking leave of the Court of Directors on the 
 day appointed ; and it was not till the Wednesday fol- 
 lowing, which was specially fixed for that purpose, that 
 he yielded to the wishes of his friends, and reluctantly 
 attended the Court ! He was a man of remarkable mild 
 manners : his conduct was, in every instance, so 
 well tempered, that he was known, amqng his ship- 
 mates, by the title of " the Philosopher." As soon as 
 the ship was going down, Mr. Baggot, the chief officer, 
 went on the quarter deck, and told him, " that all exer- 
 tions were now m vain ; the skip was rapjdly sinking." 
 Captain Wadsworth, who, no doubt, expected it, stead- 
 fastly looked him in the face, and, at last, with every 
 appearance of a heart-broken man, faintty answered : 
 " Let her go ! God's will be done." These were the 
 last words he uttered from that instant he was motion- 
 less. In a few moments the ship sunk, and many who 
 were climbing the shrouds endeavored to s^ve him, but 
 without success. In this endeavor Mr. Gityin was fore- 
 most, and made several unsuccessful attempts, at tho 
 evident risk of his own life. 
 
 from a London Paper of May 4, 1 806, we extract ths 
 following. Am. Edition. 
 
 " By a letter received this day, it appears that 27 
 chests of specie were landed at Weymouth on Thurs- 
 day, from the wreck of the Abergavenny E&t-India- 
 
THE LOSS 
 
 OF THE COKBIN, 
 
 Commended by Frauds Pirard De Laval, on 
 Maldima Islands. 
 
 N 
 
 IO sooner was the way 'Opened to the East, 
 than the different nations of Europe were emulous to 
 signalize themselves by pursuing the same course, and 
 anxious to participate in the commercial advantages it 
 disclosed. The merchants of St.'Malo, in France, 
 for spirit and opulence seemed early to have been dis- 
 tinguished above the rest of their countrymen : they fit- 
 ted out two vessels for the East-India trade, the Crois- 
 sant of 300, and the Cforbin of 200 tons burden. On 
 board the latter was Frances Pirard de Laval, whose 
 misfortunes and remarks furnish the materials of the fol- 
 lowing pages. 
 
 These ships left St. Malo on the 18th of May, 1601, 
 and proceeded wifh favorable gales to Anabon, on the 
 coast of Africa, where they took in water and fruit. 
 From thence they steered for St. Helena, where the 
 erews refreshed, and in a short time recovered from the 
 attacks of the scurvy, which had began to spread its 
 fatal influence among them. 
 
 Having doubled the Cape of Good Hope, -they refit- 
 ted in St. Augustin's Bay, in the Island of Madagascar ; 
 and from thence sailed for the Comoro Isles, where 
 they made some stay, highly delighted with the beau- 
 ty and fertility of the place. 
 
 Fortune had so favored them, that they had reached 
 nearly the end of their voyage without any cross acci- 
 
324 LOSS OF TH2 CORBIN. 
 
 dent or remarkable occurrence. At last, in lat. 5 north, 
 they found themselves entangled among; shelves ; and 
 attempting to pass them, the Corbin, \ v Y\ch sailed con- 
 siderably ahead, thrice struck on a rock on the coast of 
 the Maldives ; and being out of reach of any assistance 
 from her consort, was left to her fate. 
 
 At the time when this accident happened, the French 
 hailed a bark belonging to one of the islands ; but the 
 natives did not venture to approach them, on account 
 of a royal prohibition, which forbids them from having 
 any intercourse with strange ships, without the king's 
 leave. 
 
 Meanwhile, the sailors., seeing the destruction thafc 
 awaited them, instead of warding it off by prudence, 
 seemed to hasten it by desperation and excess. They 
 broke loose from all restraint, insulted their officers, eat 
 and drank with a frantic gaiety, and loudly proclaimed, 
 that as death was inevitable, they were resolved to make 
 its approach as easy as possible. 
 
 In disasters of this kind the danger is always increas- 
 ed by insubordination ; but with the momentary dread 
 of death before them, it cannot be expected that uncul- 
 tivated minds can reason or reflect ; the frantic impulse 
 of the minute is their only rule of action. 
 
 While the Corbin was suspended on the rocks, the 
 conduct of the common men filled every thinking mind 
 with horror : at last they became more reconciled to 
 their situation, and having escaped immediate death, 
 they began to listen to the suggestions of their officers, 
 and to yield their assistance to work the ship to land. 
 In short, after continuing two days in this deplorable 
 situation, the Oorbin was, with infinite labor and diffi- 
 culty, hauled over the flats, and brought to a small 
 island earned Pouiadon, belonging to the Maldivia 
 group. 
 
 The French carried some arms with them, but the 
 natives insisted on their being delivered up, before they 
 would suffer them to land. Submission was their only 
 resource ; they surrendered at discretion, and were then 
 couducted by the Indians to the interior of the island, 
 where they were entertained with cocoas, lemons, and 
 
LOSS OF THE CORBIN. 
 
 other fruit?, but rifled of every thing about them, on 
 pretence that all the property saved from wrecks belong- 
 ed to the king. 
 
 However, the French having a piece of scarlet cloth, 
 had the policy to give out, that it was originally intend- 
 ed as a present for the king of the islands, together with 
 -the whole cargo of the ship. On this the natives were 
 very cautious not to nieddle with what they considered 
 as royal property ; but the chief man of the island was 
 privately induced* to accept a few yards of scarlet sloth, 
 which -present confirmed him their friend. 
 
 Soon after, this person sent the master of the ship ami 
 4\vo of the sailors, to Male, where the king resided, when 
 one of the royal family was immediately dispatched to 
 gave whatever could be done from the wreck. 
 
 The French, on leaving tire vessel, had brought off a 
 considerable quantity of money wiih them, which they 
 buried on shore, as a common supply for their future ex- 
 igencies ; but some of the men, being in want of sub- 
 sistence, and knowing where the treasure was hid, dug 
 np a part of it, and having offered some pieces of money 
 Tor food, the consequence of this was speedily -felt. 
 The natives seeing that the strangers had money, would 
 not allow them the smallest assistance without being paid 
 for it; and when the hoard began to be exhausted, they 
 were brought to the greatest distress. Each now be- 
 came selfish and unfeeling; for where money commands 
 every thing, and nothing is to be procured without it, 
 *these dispositions are rather to be lamented than won- 
 dered at. The strong robbed the weak, the healthy 
 withdrew the pittance of the sick; and that fellow feel- 
 .ing aad partnership in fortunes, which should have bound 
 them to each other by stronger tks. were weakened and 
 dissolved by the love of .araas&ing money, to supply 
 their individual wants. 
 
 Our author and two ethers were transported to the 
 island of Pandow, where the natives, hearing of the 
 treasures that had been brought to light in the other isl- 
 ands, and thinking that those persons too were jiot des- 
 titute of money, refused (hem provisions, in hopes of 
 extorting a recompense, Laval and his associates hav- 
 D d 
 
228 X^OSS OF THE CORBIN. 
 
 ing no resources of this kind, were reduced to the great- 
 est extremities ; but assiduously applying himself to learn 
 the language of the country, and having ingratiated 
 himself with the governor of the island, he was soon 
 sent to Male, with recommendations to the king. 
 
 His majesty and sultanas were highly delighted to find 
 a foreigner who could converse with them in their own 
 tongue ; and, by the arts of insinuation and address, he 
 soon rose to rank and opulence among this people, where 
 he was obliged to live several years, and by this means 
 gained much local knowledge of the country and the 
 customs. 
 
 The Maldives lie between one deg. north, and four 
 deg. south latitude, extending 200 leagues in length, 
 and 25 in breadth. They are said to be divided into 13 
 provinces, called attolons, each of which comprehends 
 many small islands. Ridges of rocks surround the 
 whole, on which the sea breaks with prodigious violence. 
 The whole number of islands is calculated at 1 2,000, but 
 jnany of them are only sandy, sterii spots, without the 
 least vegetation. Penguins, however, and other marine 
 birds, take up their residence here ; the most barren 
 islets are covered with their nests. 
 
 The attolons all lie in a line, and are parted by narrow 
 ..channels, through which the navigation for ships of any 
 burthen is extremely perilous. But the natives being 
 innured to the sea from their infancy, shew much dexter- 
 .ity in managing their vessels, that neither rocks nor sur- 
 ges alarm them. However, they seldom sail by night, 
 nor do they often leave sight of land. 
 
 The climate, from the situation, must naturally be 
 supposed to be excessively hot ; yet the nights are cool, 
 and the heavy dews, which fail then, refresh the herbs 
 and trees. The winter commences in April, and lasts 
 till October, during which period the rain falls in deluges, 
 and the westerly winds are very boisterous. In the sum- 
 mer months the winds blow in a contrary direction, and 
 the earth is parched up with drought. 
 
 The Maldivians are a personable people, of an olive 
 complexion. The natives of Male, and of the other 
 islands towards the nortb, are more polished than those 
 
L.0S9 OP THE CORBIH. 327 
 
 ;\ls the south, who seldom have any intercourse 
 with Europeans. On the north, the king anil the prin- 
 cipal people reside ; and banishment to the south 
 is a common punishment for crimes not worthy of 
 death. 
 
 The Maldivians, in general, are supposed of a quick- 
 ness of parts, a liveliness of disposition, and much ingen- 
 uity. They are prudent and warlike, and have a regu- 
 lar form of government. 
 
 The women may be reckoned handsome ; their hair 
 is naturally black, and this color is heightened by art. 
 Girls have their heads shaved, except a little tuft on the 
 forehead, to distinguish them from boys. When they 
 arrive at maturity, the care and management of their 
 hair is a principal object of female attention. They 
 wash it with a peculiar water, suffer it to float in 
 the wind to dry, and then perfume it with odoriferous 
 oils. 
 
 Both sexes bathe once a day, and afterwards anoint 
 their bodies. The women having washed and perfum- 
 ed themselves, collect their hair in a knot, and in- 
 crease the apparent quantity by artificial means. They 
 also frequently set off their heads with fragrant flow- 
 ers. 
 
 Among the men, only persons of rank and soldiers 
 are allowed to wear their hair uncut, and these dress 
 it nearly in a similar manner to the women. In gen- 
 eral they shave ; but those who have performed a 
 pilgrimage to Mecca, have the priviledge of suffering 
 their beards to grow to a full length. Even the hair, 
 which is cut, and the parings of the nails, are buried 
 in the usual cemeteries, from an idea that being pails 
 of the natural body, they ought to be treated accord- 
 ingly. 
 
 The men wear a swathe of cloth between their Iegs 5 
 over which they have a piece of cotton depending to 
 the knees, and above that a longer kind, of silk or cot- 
 ton, reaching to their ankles. The waist is adorned 
 with an embroidered kandherchief, tied before. Over 
 all, they have a large silk fringed girdle, in the left side 
 of which is a pocket for carrying their money and 
 betel, and ija the right a knife is stuck. 
 
LSSS OP THE CORBIF. 
 
 . Every male prides himself on wearing a knife, it he 
 ing the only weapon the inferior ranks are allowed. The 
 soldiers and grandees, however, carry a dagger at their 
 Bides, and when they walk abroad, a sword in one hand, 
 with a buckler or javelin in the other. 
 
 The Maldivians place their chief personal decoration 
 in the silver chains that hang from their girdle ; and 
 ef these every person has a greater or smaller quantity, 
 in proportion to his opulence. 
 
 The common people seldom wear any other clothes 
 but what, decency requires, except on festivals ; but men 
 of quality have handsome jerkins and waiscoats, while 
 the more foppish anoint the skin, from the girdle up- 
 wards, with an odorous paint, in which figures are some- 
 times delineated. 
 
 Turbans, of various qualities, are in common use, 
 but the soldiers and grandees frequently use embroidered 
 handkerchiefs as a covering for the head. The feet are 
 always naked, except within doors, when wooden san- 
 dals are used. 
 
 The women wear a silk or cotton petticoat, over 
 which they throw a Jong robe without any opening, ex- 
 cept at the neck, and this reaches to their feet. Their 
 arms are decorated with a profusion of bracelets, ac- 
 cording to their rank. Their ears are early pierced in 
 the tip, from which hangs a large pendant, and the gristle 
 is perforated in many places, and studded with guilt 
 nails, set with precious stones or pearls. The privilege, 
 however, of wearing ornaments of gold or jewels must 
 be purchased of the queen ; and, in like manner, the 
 men must buy the king's permission for the same in- 
 dulgence. 
 
 When the women go abroad they are deeply vailed, 
 and their faces are difficult to be seen ; but in presence 
 of women of superior rank, the etiquette requires that 
 the}- should be unveiled. 
 
 The different qualities of the women are distinguished 
 by their ornaments ; and, if a wife, through vanity, as- 
 sumes more costly decorations than belongs to her rank, 
 her husband's taxes are raised, unless he is in the royal 
 service, or an inhabitant of Male ; for in that island there 
 are no sumptuary laws in regard to dress. 
 
LO6S OF THE CORBIN. 329 
 
 The king is generally clothed in a fine white robe, 
 which reaches a little below the girdle ; this fastened 
 with buttons of solid gold. Over the robe he wears a 
 piece of red embroidered tapestry, depending to the 
 heels, richly ornamented. His girdle is adorned with 
 brilliants, and on his head he wears a scarlet cap, laced 
 with gold, and surmounted with a large gold knob, set 
 with a jewel. 
 
 But the chief ensign of royal dignity is a white um- 
 brella, which no native is permitted to use. He is usu- 
 ally attended by three pages ; one carries his fan. anoth- 
 er his sword and buckle, and the third his betel and 
 areca box, 
 
 3VI. de Laval was doomed to remain in this country long 
 enough to acquire an intimate knowledge of the charac- 
 ters and customs of the Maldivians at that period. He 
 says that the king was generally shut up with his women, 
 or employed in giving audience to his courtiers. He had 
 a taste for the mechanic arts, and constantly employed 
 and superintended a number of artificers in the various 
 branches of elegant manufacture. His guards consisted 
 of six companies, under the command of as many coun- 
 sellors, named moscoulis. Besides which he had ten 
 battalions, who served his majesty in various civil, rath- 
 er than military capacities. 
 
 On Fridays the king went to the mosque in great 
 pomp, attended by one hundred of his guards, his offi- 
 cers in waiting, and a complete band of music, consist- 
 ing of trumpets, flutes, and drums. After service he 
 returned in the same state ; and, as these islands afford 
 no beasts of burthen, he walked on foot, unless when 
 he was carried in a chair on the shoulders of his slave?, 
 which was not frequent. 
 
 His queens wore the same kind of habits as the other 
 Maldivian women, but of a much richer and more ex- 
 pensive quality. Whenever they appeared in public, 
 the women ran to meet them, and presented them with 
 fruit and flowers. A number of female slaves preceded 
 them, to warn the men from approaching. The cham- 
 bers where these royal prisoners lived were always 
 lighted with lamps; so that their lives must, accord- 
 Dd2 
 
S30 LOSS OF THE COREIN. 
 
 ing to our ideas, be the most uncomfortable in the 
 world. 
 
 The royal revenues arise from the crown lands, from 
 a fifth of the grain and fruits of the whole country, from 
 a tax OH dried fish and on shells named cowries, the 
 current medium of exchange. In addition to these im- 
 posts, his subjects annually present him with cloth enough 
 to dress his soldiers. He likewise derives no inconsidera- 
 ble revenues from goods imported by shipping, as he is 
 principal merchant, and sells out the commodities he 
 has purchased on what terms he pleases. 
 
 All shipwrecks belong to his majesty, and also what- 
 ever ambergrise is found on the coast. This is more 
 abundant here than in any other part of the Indies, and 
 is so strictly watched, that whoever secrets or ap- 
 propriates it to his own use, on detection loses a hand. 
 The king has also the sole property in a kind of sea-nuts, 
 called tannacarre, which are frequently thrown on the 
 shore. These are as large as a man's head, and are 
 esteemed valuable in medicine. The Portuguese call 
 them the cocoas of the Maldives. 
 
 The government is an absolute monarchy. Each 
 attolon, or province, is under the superintendence of a 
 naybe, or governor, who is a priest and doctor of the 
 law, and exercises very extensive powers. The naybes, 
 however, are accountable to the pandiare, or cady, who 
 resides in the isle of Male, and is the supreme judge 
 both in civil and ecclesiastical causes. The judgement 
 of this officer can only be reversed by the king himself, 
 to whom an appeal lies. 
 
 The pandiare makes an annual circuit of the isle of 
 Male, as every naybe does in his respective province, 
 and condemns all to be whipped that cannot say their 
 creed and prayers in the Arabic tongue. When wit- 
 nesses are cited in any cause, by a singular regulation, 
 the evidence of three women is only equivalent to that 
 of one man, and slaves are never admitted to give their 
 testimony. 
 
 An insolvent debtor is obliged to become a servant 
 to his creditor, and both he and his children must work 
 the debt out before he obtains his liberty. The orduia- 
 
LOSS OF THE CORBIS. 33-i 
 
 y punishment for criminals is whipping, and the most 
 heinous offences, short of murder, may be got off for 
 a pecuniary mulct. Stealing, however, is punished with 
 the loss of a hand ; but capital punishments are never 
 inflicted, except by the king's express command. 
 
 The inhabitants are divided into four classes : the 
 royal family, persons invested with offices and dignities, 
 the nobility and gentrj r , and the common people. Be- 
 tween the third and fourth ranks the distinctions are very 
 strictly observed. If a noblewoman marries a plebeian, 
 * . she retains her rank, and her children are ennobled also ; 
 bBt^a women of the lowest class derives no privileges 
 from matching with a grandee. The king, however, 
 possesses the power of elevating whom he pleases to the 
 third rank, by a kind of letters patent ; and. of 
 course, they are then eligible to the offices of trust or 
 honor. 
 
 The externals of religion are very strictly observed 
 among the Maldivians : but its vital influence is little felt. 
 The grossest vices are daily committed without shame, 
 and almost without punishment. Both sexes are ex- 
 tremely libidinous ; and chastity before marriage is nei- 
 ther reckoned a virtue nor a fault. 
 
 To be able to read the Koran in the original is the 
 extent of their literary acquirements. The Maldiviatv 
 tongue, is, however, cultivated with some care. In 
 teaching children to write, they make use of a bodkin 
 on a smooth board covered with sand. But their wri- 
 tings, which are intended to be durable, are on a kind 
 of paper, made of the leaf of a tree. 
 
 Children have a profound veneration fqj f their masters 
 and parents ; and with this, so many good qualities ape 
 generally united, that it must be the want of good ex- 
 amples alone that renders them vicious or dissipated. 
 Where a due respect is paid to age and authority, the 
 young might be trained to any thing. 
 
 Metalic money is only of one sort, called larrins, 
 about the value of eight pence. Instead of small change, 
 they make use of cowries, twelve thousand of which 
 make a larrin. Gold and silver are imported from the 
 continent, and go by weight when employed as the 
 ilium of exchange, 
 
932 LOSS OF THE CORBIN. 
 
 Merchants resort to the Maldives, principally to pur- 
 chase the cocoa nuts and cowries. When Laval resided 
 here, upwards of one hundred ships annually resorted 
 thither to purchase cocoas, and the balance of trade 
 seemed to be in favor of those islanders. 
 
 Some of the festive customs of the Maldivians are 
 very singular. If they intended to compliment a friend 
 with an entertainment, they send the viands to his house, 
 as they seldom eat in the presence of others. Instead 
 of a table, they cover the floor with a mat ; and for 
 cloths and napkins, make use of banana leaves. Their 
 dishes are of earthen or china ware. 
 
 The poor are treated with great humanity, and none 
 will offer them food that they do not think fit to 
 eat themselves, The indigent are regarded as the ser- 
 vants of God, and it would be reckoned profane to treat 
 them with offal. 
 
 During their meals they are very silent, and think it 
 indecent to be long at table. They never drink till they 
 have finished their repast, and even then only drink 
 once of water or cocoa wine. No man must meddle 
 with cookery, or, his sex would avoid him as a disgrace 
 to them. 
 
 No sooner do children come into the world than they 
 are washed six times a day in cold water, and then 
 anointed with oil. The mothers, from the highest to the 
 lowest rank, suckle their offspring. At the age of nine 
 months they generally begin to walk ; and when they 
 arrive at nine years old, they commence the studies and 
 exercises of the country. 
 
 When the IV^aldivians wake from sleep, they immedi- 
 ately wash their faces, and rub them with oil, before 
 they salute any one. Betel is universally chewed, and 
 they mutually present it to each other on occasional 
 interviews. Cleanliness is not only an article of their 
 religion, but an inbred habit among them. 
 
 They have many superstitious observations when they 
 begin a journey, or take any business of importance in 
 hand. If any unlucky incident befals them, they impute 
 it to some unpropitieus person whom they have met or 
 touched. 
 
LOSS OF THE CORBZN. 323 
 
 With the Mahometan faith they mix many Pagan 
 rites. They address themselves to the king of the winds, 
 when they are going on any expedition by water ; and 
 m every island there is a desolate place, where those 
 who have escaped shipwreck make their offe rings. 
 They also pay a superstitious respect to the king of the 
 sea, whence they think it impious to spit to the wind- 
 ward of the ship. 
 
 All natural and incidental ills they impute to the in- 
 tervention of the devil ; and to avert his vengeance they 
 make him occasional offerings of flowers or banquets, 
 The latter is sometimes carried off by the poor, when 
 superstition is not stronger than hunger. 
 
 They attribute a wonderful virtue to certain charac- 
 ters, which they always carry about them in little boxes. 
 These are believed to be of powerful efficacy in curing 
 ar alleviating diseases, in procuring love and safety, 
 and preserving them from malice and danger. The 
 magicians, who are also the physicians, derive a lucritive 
 trade in these charms or amulets. 
 
 In these islands are no inclosed towns, the houses 
 lying scattered without regularity or distinction of streets. 
 Their dwellings are generally built of cocoa wood, and 
 covered with the leaves of the same tree ; but persons 
 of quality have stone buildings, of a black color, the 
 materials of which they draw out of the sea with much 
 labor and ingenuity. 
 
 So expert are they in diving and swimming, that La- 
 val says, they drew up the cannon and anchors of the 
 French ship that was cast away ; and he was an eye wit- 
 ness of their clearing the harbor of Male within a few 
 days, which was so choaked up with rocks that no ship 
 could enter it. 
 
 The royal palace has many fine apartments, but no 
 regular architecture. It is surrounded with gardens, 
 adorned with fountains and reservoirs. The ceiling and 
 walls of the palace are hunj; with silk tapestry, and 
 floored wiih mats. The king's beds, and those of the 
 grandees, are suspended with cords, upon a beam sup- 
 ported by two posts, and in them they are rocked to 
 sleep, 
 
334 LOSS OF 'PIIE CORBIN. 
 
 The mosques are not inelegant structures, and round 
 them are square inclosures, iu which they bury the dead. 
 Each mosque has its priest ; and each island, that has 
 any considerable population, is dignified by having a 
 catibe, who is principally master of all public exercises, 
 and governs the inferior priests. 
 
 They retire to the mosques five times a day ; but the 
 indolent are allowed to say their prayers at home. An 
 abs 'lute neglect, however, of this religious exercise, 
 subjects the indevout to all the pains and penalties of 
 excommunication : no one vill eat or converse with 
 them. They offer their penitential prayers with a loud 
 voice, and by this means expose the most secret trans- 
 actions of their lives ; but where impurity of any kind 
 is scarcely regarded as a blemish in the eyes of men, 
 this publicity of confession is not regarded as a serious 
 
 Males are circumcised at seven years of age, on which- 
 occasion the parents and relations keep a festival for 
 fourteen days. Particular operators perform this pain- 
 ful rite, and from this only they derive a livelihood. 
 Girls also undergo a kind of circumcision when they are 
 only two years old ; but this is attended with no solemnity. 
 The operator, however, on both sexes is always consid- 
 ered as a parent. 
 
 The Maldivians celebrate several festivals. Friday, 
 being their sabbath, is devoted to fasting and religious 
 observances. The catibe composes a new prayer for 
 every Friday in the year. He repeats without book, 
 and if he makes a single mistake, he is publicly repri- 
 manded. Every new moon is ushered in with a varie* 
 ty of ceremonies- ; and the feast of the Ramadan, as 
 in other Mahometan countries, is kept here with due 
 solemnity. 
 
 When a marriage is in contemplation, the parties ad 4 
 dress themselves to the nay be, who takes the man by 
 the hand, and asks him if he is willing to have the wo 
 jnare on the conditions proposed ; and, as she is always 
 absent, her parents answer in her nam. When pre- 
 liminaries are settled, the bride is introduced, and the 
 company are desired to be witnesses of the compact, 
 
LOSS OF THE CORBIN. 3(35 
 
 The woman is then conducted, by all present, to her 
 husband's house, where feasting, dancing, and music 
 commence. The bride-groom makes some customary 
 presents to the king, and Ihe bride pays the same com- 
 pliment to the queens. But when the king is married, 
 instead of giving, he receives presents from his subjects, 
 all which belong to the new married queen. 
 
 The males may marry when they please ; but females 
 are seldom disposed of till they are ten or eleven years 
 of age ; and the first suitor, whether old or young, pro- 
 vided the rank is not an obstacle, is seldom refused. 
 Parents esteem it a sin to keep their daughters single be- 
 yond (he years of maturity ; but a female orphan can- 
 not marry till she ie fifteen. 
 
 Though a woman cannot leave her husband without 
 bis consent, a man may divorce his wife on returning her 
 jointure. The divorced parties may come together 
 y^ain as often as they please ; but, that the priest may 
 not be robbed of his dues, a new marriage must take 
 place after each separation. 
 
 When a person dies, the corpse is washed by those 
 of the same sex. The body is then wrapped in cotton ; 
 its right hand placed upon the ear, and the left on the 
 thigh. It is then placed in a coffin, and carried to the 
 burial ground by relations and friends, attended by wo- 
 men, who howl in the most piteous manner. If the 
 deceased is a person of quality, gifts are distributed to 
 the poor, and the priest, In particular, is not forgot. It 
 is his business to sing during the whole ceremony, and 
 every day till the third Friday after, when a general 
 feast is prepared for the friends of the defunct, on 
 the supposition that the soul is then conveyed to Para- 
 dise. 
 
 If a person of the first rank dies, the priests sing for 
 him a whole year, during which they are well entertain- 
 ed and lead a pleasant easy kind of life. O supersti- 
 tion, how wide is thy sway ! la Mahometan, and many 
 Christian countries, the same weakness leads men to 
 believe in the efficacy of prayers and ceremonies for 
 the dead, while priests reap the only benefit from the 
 delusion ! 
 
336 -LOSS OP TETE CORBIN, 
 
 Mourners make no alteration in their dress, except 
 that they go bareheaded to the place of interment, and 
 continue so for a few days. Those who die fighting 
 against the enemies of Mahomet, are buried without 
 any ceremony, under the idea that they are at once 
 translated to Paradise, and want no intercession of 
 priests . 
 
 The Maldives produce luxuriant crops of millet, and 
 a kind of grain, called brimby, resembling rape seed. 
 Of these two sorts of grain they have a double crop 
 yearly. They have several esculent roots, and many 
 choice fruits ; but though the attolons are all nearly in 
 the same climate, each is distinguished for its different 
 commodities, and the inhabitants in one cannot subsist 
 without the commodities of another. This necessity 
 links them aH in a kind of mutual dependance, and 
 creates an interchange of commercial articles. Trades 
 are also divided in different islands. One contains smiths, 
 another weavers, and so on. To facilitate communica- 
 tion, these artificers have little boats, in which they 
 make the circuit of the islands, to vend their wares or 
 manufactures ; and one of these trading voyages some- 
 times occupies the space of a year. 
 
 Wild fowl are prodigiously plentiful, though there are 
 few domestic poultry. Crows are very troublesome, 
 and the bats are as large as ravens. 
 
 There are few poisonous animals, but vermin of vari- 
 ous kinds over run the country, and infest the houses. 
 Sheep and cattle were the only large quadrupeds in the 
 Maldives, when M. de Laval resided there. Dogs are 
 held in abhorrence, and two, sent by the king of Portu- 
 gal, as a present, were immediately drowned. 
 
 The sea is replete with excellent fish, and fishing con- 
 stitutes a principal part of the employment of the natives. 
 But of all the productions of the sea, the shell fish, call- 
 ed cowries, are the most valuable and most esteemed. 
 The shells, commonly called blackamoor's teeth, are no 
 inconsiderable articles of commerce Immense quanti- 
 ties are exported to Guinea ; and formerly, about twelve 
 thousand pounds of cowries would purchase five hun- 
 dred slaves. The value is now diminished > but still the 
 
LOSS OF THE CORBItf. 8J{ 
 
 owries of the Maldives are in higli estimation among 
 the negroes, who use them as their principal ornaments, 
 and in many places they pass for money to the present 
 day. Our author says, that he has seen thirty or forty 
 ships wholly laden with them. 
 
 But enough has been said of the customs and produce 
 of the Maldives. Let us now attend to the fortune of 
 Laval. It has already been said that he rose to some 
 distinction : but it is by no means probable that any 
 dignity could make him forget that he was cut off from 
 his friends and from polished society, nor repress his 
 desire to obtain his liberty. 
 
 After he had been about four years and a half in this 
 country, news arrived that the king of Bengal was fit- 
 ting out -a fleet to invade the Maldives. The king of 
 Male no sooner received this alarming intelligence, than 
 he issued orders for equipping all the vessels in his 
 dominions ; but before this could be accomplished, the 
 enemy's fleet appeared in sight, on which the king re- 
 solved to fly to the southern island, till he could master 
 a sufficient force to oppose the invaders with some pros- 
 pect of success. 
 
 His most valuable -effects were instantly embarked, 
 together with his queens ; and he left his distracted sub- 
 jects, who knew not how to avoid the impending danger, 
 or how to oppose it. 
 
 No sooner, however, did the esemy hear of the flight 
 of the king, than they despatched some of their swiftest 
 sailing vessels to overtake him. The unhappy monarch 
 found it impossible to escape ; he was slain, and his ships, 
 wives, and treasure rewarded the victors. 
 
 As soon as the Bengalians landed a Male, Laval sur- 
 rendered himself to them ; explaining his situation and 
 his solicitude to be taken under their protection. When 
 they found he was not a Portuguese, they treated him 
 with much kindness : the French had not yet, by their 
 ambition, disturbed the repose of the natives of the 
 east, and, therefore, were not the objects of their re- 
 sentment. 
 
 The conquerors, after plundering the royal palace of 
 every thing valuable, prepared for their departure, taking 
 E e 
 
SS8 LOSS OF THE CORBIN. 
 
 with them the brother-in-law of the late king, and leav- 
 ing the other natives at liberty. Laval was a voluntary 
 passenger to Bengal, and there he began to concert the 
 means of a passage to Europe. 
 
 While engaged in these plans, the Mogul declared 
 war against the prince of Bengal, who assembled a pro- 
 digious army to oppose him. However, before hostilities 
 commenced, Laval found means to withdraw himself to 
 the coast of Malabar, from whence he proceeded to 
 Calicut. At that place he remained eight months, wait- 
 ing for a passage in a Dutch ship ; but being at last dis- 
 appointed, he travelled to Cochin, where he had the mis- 
 fortune to be taken up and imprisoned as a spy. 
 
 At last, however, he made his escape from prison, 
 and fled to Goa ; but fortune was not yet wearied of ex- 
 erting her malice against him : here he was again thrown 
 into prison, and confined for some time. By his address, 
 as well as the justice of his cause, he raised up some 
 powerful intercessors among the Jesuits, who, at length, 
 procured his liberation ; and sailing for Europe, he ar- 
 rived in safety at Rochelle, on the 16th of February, 
 16) 1, after an absence of nearly ten years, in which he 
 had run through a series of adventures equally danger 
 ,-9iis and distressing, 
 
339 
 
 LOSS BY FIRE OF THE 
 
 FRENCH EAST-INDIA COMPANY'S VESSEL; 
 THE PRINCE. 
 
 Bound from V Orient to Pondicherry, July 26$, 1752; 
 
 (By M. D. LA FOND,) 
 One of the Lieutenants of that Ship, 
 
 . HE French East-India Company's ship, The 
 Prince, commanded by M. Morin, and bound to Pon- 
 dicherry, weighed anchor on the 19th of February, 
 1752, from the harbor of L'Orient. She had scarcely 
 passed the island of St. Michael, when the wind shift- 
 ing, it was found impossible to double the Turk bank. 
 The utmost efforts, and the greatest precautions, coultl 
 not prevent her from striking on the bank, in such a 
 manner that the mouths of the guns were immersed in 
 the water. We announced our misfortune by signals of 
 distress, when M. de Godehue, the commander of the 
 port of L'Orient came on board to animate the crew by 
 his presence and his orders. All the chests, and other 
 articles, of the greatest value, were removed safely 
 into smaller vessels to lighten the ship; the whole night 
 was occupied with the most laborious exertions. At 
 length the tide, in the morning, relieved us from our 
 dangerous situation, and enabled us to reach the road of 
 Port Louis : we owed the preservation of the ship en- 
 tirely to the prudent directions of M. de Godeheu, and 
 the measures adopted in consequence. The ship had 
 
340 LOSS OF THE PRINCE. 
 
 sprung several leaks but fortunately our pumps kept the 
 wafer under : half the cargo was taken out of the vessel, 
 and in about a week we returned to L'Orient, where she 
 was entirely unloaded. She was then careened and 
 caulked afresh. These precautions seemed to promise 
 a successful voyage, and the misfortune we had already 
 experienced shewed the strength of the vessel, which 
 fire alone appeared capable of destroying. 
 
 On the 10th of June, 1752, a favorable wind carried 
 ?is out of the port, but after a fortunate navigation we 
 met with a disaster of which the strongest expressions 
 ran convey but a faint idea. In this narrative I shall 
 confine myself to a brief detail, as it is impossible to 
 recollect all the circumstances. 
 
 The 26th of July, 1752, being in the latitude of 8 
 deg. 30 min. South, and in longitude 5 deg. West, the 
 wind being S. W. just at the moment of taking the ob- ' 
 servation of the meridian, I had repaired to the quarter, 
 where I was going to command, when a man informed 
 me that a smoke was seen to issue from the pannel of 
 the greater hatchway. 
 
 Up m this information the first lieutenant, who kept 
 the koys of the hold, opened all the hatchways, to dis- 
 cover the cause of an accident, the slightest suspicion of 
 which frequently causes the most intrepid to tremble. 
 The captain, who was at dinner in the great cabin, went 
 upon deck and gave orders for extinguishing the fire. 
 I had already directed several sails to be thrown over- 
 board, and the hatchways to be covered with them, 
 hoping, by these means, to prevent the air from pene- 
 trating into the hold. I had even proposed, for the 
 greater security, to let in the water between decks, to the 
 height of a foot ; but the air, which had already obtain- 
 ed a free passage through the opening of the hatchways, 
 produced a very thick smoke, that issued forth in 
 abundance, and the fire continued gradually to gain 
 ground. 
 
 The captain ordered sixty or eighty of the soldiers 
 under arms to restrain the crew, and prevent the confu- 
 sion likely to ensue in such a critical moment. These 
 precaution's were seconded by M. de la Touche, with 
 
LOSS OP THE PRINCE. 341 
 
 his usual fortitude and prudence. That hero deserved a 
 better op;'. unity of signalizing himself, and had des- 
 tined his soldiers for other operations more useful to his 
 country. 
 
 All hands were now employed in getting water ; not 
 only the buckets, but likewise all the pumps were kept 
 at work, and pipes were carried from them into the 
 hold : even the water in the jars was emptied out. The 
 rapidity of the fire, however, baffled our efforts and 
 augmented the general consternation. 
 
 The captain had already ordered the j r awl to be 
 hoisted overboard, merely because it was in the way ; 
 four men, among whom was the boatswain, took pos- 
 session of it. They had no oars, but called out for 
 some, when three sailors jumped over board and carried 
 them what they stood so much in need of: These for- 
 tunate fugitives were required to return ; they cried out 
 that they had no rudder, and desired a rope to be thrown 
 them ; perceiving that the progress of the flames left 
 them no other resource they endeavored to remove to a 
 distance from the ship, which passed them iu conse- 
 quence of a breeze that sprung up. 
 
 AH hands were still busy on board ; the impossibility 
 of escaping seemed to encrease the courage of the men. 
 The master boldly ventured down into the hold, but the 
 heat obliged him to return ; he would have been burned 
 if a great quantity of water had not been thrown over 
 him. Immediately afterwards the flames were seen to 
 issue with impetuosity from the great pannel. The cap- 
 tain ordered the boats overboard, but fear had exhausted 
 the strength of the most intrepid. The jolly-boat was 
 fastened at a certain height, and preparations were made 
 for hoisting her over ; but to complete our misfortunes, 
 the fire, which increased every moment, ascended the 
 mainmast with such violence and rapidity as to burn the 
 tackle; the boat pitching upon the starboard guns fell 
 bottom upwards, and we. lost all hopes of raising her 
 again. 
 
 We now perceived that- we had nothing to hope from 
 human aid, but only from the mercy of the Almighty. 
 Dejection filled every mind ; the consternation becams 
 
3*Z LOSS OF THE PRINCE. 
 
 general ; nothing but sighs and groans were l^ard ; even 
 the animals we had on board uttered the m* ttf dreadful 
 ft ries. Every one began to raise his heart and hands 
 towards heaven ; and in the certainty of a speedy death 
 each was occupied only with the melancholy alternative 
 between the two elements ready to devour us 
 
 The chaplain, who was on the quarter-deck, gave the 
 general absolution, and went into the gallery to impart 
 the same to the unhappy wretches who had already com- 
 mitted themselves to the mercy of the waves. What a 
 horrible spectacle ! Each was occupied only in throwing 
 overboard whatever promised a momentary preserva- 
 tion ; coops, yards, spars, every thing that came to hand 
 tvas seized in despair and disposed of in the same man- 
 ner. The confusion was extreme ; some seemed to an- 
 ticipate death by jumping into the sea, others, by swim- 
 xomg> gained the fragments of the vessel ; while the 
 shrouds, the yards, and ropes, along the side of the ship 
 were covered with the crew who were suspended from 
 them, as if hesitating between two extremes, equally 
 imminent and equally terrible. 
 
 Uncertain for what fate Providence intended me, I 
 saw a father snatch his son from the flames, embrace 
 him, throw him into the sea, then following himself, they 
 perished in each others embrace. I had ordered the 
 ft elm to be turned to starboard ; the vessel heeled, and 
 this maoeuvre preserved us fof some time on that side, 
 while the fire raged on the larboard side from stem ta 
 stern. 
 
 Till this moment I had been so engaged that my 
 thoughts were directed $Hp to the preservation of the 
 hip; now, however, the horrors of a twofold death 
 presented themselves ; but through the kindness of 
 heaven, iny fortitude never forsook me. I looked round 
 and found rnyself alone upon the deck. I went into the 
 round, house, where 1 metM dela Touche, who regard- 
 ed death with the same heroism that procured him suc- 
 cess in India. "Farewell, my brother and my friend^" 
 aid he, embracing me " Why, where are you going ?" 
 replied I. " I am going, (said he,) tocoirfort my friend 
 He spoke of the Captain, who was over- 
 
LOSS 0V THE PRINCE. 343 
 
 Whelmed \\L$\ grief at the melancholy fate of his female 
 cousins, who were passengers on board his ship, and 
 whom he had persuaded to trust themselves to sea in 
 hen coops, after having hastily stripped off their clothes, 
 while some of the sailors, swimming with one hand, en- 
 deavored to support them with the other. 
 
 The yards and masts were covered with men struggling 
 with the waves around the vessel ; many of them per- 
 ished every moment by the balls discharged by the guns 
 in consequence of the flames ; a third species of death 
 that augmented the horrors by which we were surround- 
 ed. With a heart oppressed with anguish, I turned my 
 eyes away from the sea. A moment afterwards I enter- 
 ed the starboard gallery, and saw the flames rushing with 
 a horrid noise through the windows of the great cabin 
 and the round-house. The fire approached, and was 
 ready to consume me ; my presence was then entirely 
 useless for the preservation of the vessel, or the relief 
 of my fellow- sufferers. 
 
 In this dreadful situation I thought it my duty to pro- 
 long my life a few hours, in order to devote them to my 
 God. I stripped off my clothes with the intention of 
 rolling down a yard, one end of which touched the water ; 
 but it was so covered with unfortunate wretches, whom 
 the fear of drowning kept in that situation, that I tunv 
 bled over them and fell into the sea, recommending my* 
 self to the mercy of Providence. A stout soldier who 
 was drowning, caught hold of me in this extremity ; I 
 employed every exertion to disengage myself from him, 
 but without effect I suffered myself to sink under the 
 water, but he did not quit hjptiold ; I plunged a second 
 time, and he still held me firmly in his. grasp ; he was 
 incapable of reflecting that my death would rather hasten 
 his own than be of service to him. At length, after 
 struggling a considerable time, his strength was exhaust- 
 ed in consequence of the quantity of water he had swal- 
 lowed, and perceiving that I was sinking the third time, 
 and fearing lest I should drag him to the bottom along 
 with me, he loosed his hold That he might net catch 
 me again I dived and rose a considerable distance 
 the spot, 
 
344 LOSS OF THE PRINCE. 
 
 This first adventure rendered me more cautious in 
 future ; I even shunned the dead bodies, which were so 
 numerous, that, to make a free passage, I was obliged 
 to push them aside with one hand, while I kept myself 
 above water with the other. I imagined that each of 
 them was a man who would assuredly seize and involve 
 me in his own destruction. My strength began to fail, 
 and I was convinced of the necessity of resting, when I 
 met a piece of the flag staff. To secure it I put my arm 
 through the noose of the rope, and swam as well as I 
 was able ; I perceived a yard floating before me, when 
 I approached and seized it by the end. At the other ex- 
 tremity, I saw a young man, scarcely able to support 
 himself, and speedily relinquished this feeble assistance 
 that announced a certain death. The sprit-sail yard next 
 appeared in sight; it was covered with people, and I 
 durst not take a place upon it without asking permission, 
 which my unfortunate companions cheerfully granted. 
 Some were quite naked, and others in their shirts ; they 
 expressed their pity at my situation, and their misfor- 
 tune put my sensibility to the severest test. 
 
 M Morin and M. de La Touche, both so worthy of a 
 better fate, never quitted the vessel, and were doubtless 
 buried in its ruins. Whichever way I turned my eyes, 
 the most dismal sights presented themselves. The main- 
 mast, burnt away at the bottom, fell overboard, killing 
 some, and affording to others a precarious resource. 
 This mast I observed covered with people, and abandon- 
 ed to the impulse of the waves ; at the same moment I 
 perceived two sailors upon a hen-coop with some planks, 
 and cried out to them, " My lads, bring the planks, and 
 swim to me." They approached me, accompanied by 
 several others ; and each taking a plank, which we used 
 as oars, we paddled along upon the yard, and joined 
 those who had taken possession of the main-mast. 
 
 So many changes of situation presented only new 
 spectacles of horror. I fortunately here met with our 
 chaplain, who gave me absolution. We were in num- 
 ber, about eighty persona, who were incessantly threaten- 
 ed with destruction by the balls from the ship's guns. I 
 likewise on the mast, two young ladies, by whose 
 
,OSS OF THE PRINCZ. 345 
 
 piety I was much edified ; there were six females on 
 board, and the other four were in all probability, already 
 drowned or burned. Our chaplain, in this dreadful situ- 
 ation, melted the most obdurate hearts by his discourse 
 and the example he gave of patience and resignation. 
 Seeing Mm slip from the mast and fall into the sea, as I 
 was behind him, I lifted him up again. "Let me go r 
 (said he,) I arn full of water, and it is only a prolonga- 
 tion of my sufferings." " No, my friend, (said I,) we 
 will die together when my strength forsakes me." In 
 his pious company I awaited death with perfect resigna- 
 tion. I -remained in this situation three hours, and saw 
 one of the ladies fall off the mast with fatigue, and per- 
 ish ; she was too far distant for me to give her any as- 
 sistance. 
 
 When I least expected if, I perceived the yawl close 
 to us ; it was then five o'clock P. M. I cried out to the 
 men in her that I was their lieutenant, and begged per- 
 mision to share our misfortune with them. They gave 
 me leave to come on board, upon condition that I would 
 swim to them, ft was their interest to have a conductor, 
 in order to discover land ; and for this reason my compa- 
 ny was too necessary for them to refuse my request. 
 The condition they imposed upon me was perfectly rea- 
 sonable ; they acted prudently not to approach, as the 
 others would have been equally anxious to enter their 
 little bark ; and we should all have been buried together 
 in a watery grave. Mustering, therefore, all my strength, 
 I was so fortunate as to reach the boat. Soon afterwards 
 I observed the pilot and master, whom I had left on the 
 main-mast, follow my example ; they swam to the yawl, 
 and we took them in. This little bark was the means of 
 saving the ten persons who alone escaped, out of nearly 
 three hundred. 
 
 The flames still continued to consume our ship, from 
 which we were not more than half a league distant ; one 
 too great proximity might prove pernicious, and we, 
 therefore, proceeded a little to windward. Not long 
 after, the fire communicated to the powder-room, and it 
 is impossible 1 to describe the noise with which our vessel 
 blew up. A thick cloud intercepted tbe light g the sun: 
 
348 LOSS OF THE PRINCE; 
 
 amidst this horrible darkness we could perceive nothing 
 but large pieces of flaming wood, projected into the air, and 
 whose fall threatened to dash to pieces numbers of un- 
 happy wretches still struggling with the agonies of death. 
 We, ourselves, were not quite out of danger ; it was not 
 impossible but that one of the flaming fragments might 
 reach us, and precipitate our frail vessel to the bottom, 
 The Almighty, however, preserved us from that misfor- 
 tune ; but what a spectacle now presented itself ! The 
 vessel had disappeared ; its fragments covered the sea to 
 a great distance, and floated in all directions with our un- 
 fortunate companions, whose despair, and whose lives, 
 had been terminated together by their fall. We saw 
 some completely suffocated, others mangled, half-burn- 
 ed, and still preserving sufficient life to be sensible of the 
 accumulated horrors of their fate. 
 
 Through the mercy of heaven, I retained my forti- 
 tude, and proposed to make towards the fragments of 
 the wreck to seek provisions, and to pick up any other 
 articles we might want. We were totally unprovided, 
 and were in danger of perishing with famine ; a death 
 more tedious and more painful than that of our com- 
 panions. We found several barrets, in which we hoped 
 to find a resource against this pressing necessity, but dis- 
 covered to our mortification that it was part of the pow- 
 der which had been thrown overheard during the con- 
 flagration. 
 
 Night approached, but we providentially found a cask 
 of brandy, about fifteen pounds of salt pork, a piece of 
 scarlet cloth, twenty yards of liaen, a dozen of pipe- 
 staves, and a few ropes. It grew dark, and we could not 
 wait till day -light in our present situation, without expos- 
 ing ourselves a hundred times to destruction among the 
 fragments of the wreck, from which we had not yet 
 been able to disengage ourselves. We therefore rowed 
 away from them as speedily as possible in order to 
 attend to the equipment of our new vessel. Every one 
 fell to work with the utmost assiduity ; we employed 
 every thing, and took off the inner sheathing of our 
 boat for the sake of the planks arid nails ; we drew from 
 the linen what thread we wanted j fortunately one of the 
 
LOSS OF THE PRINCE. 347 
 
 Bailors had two needles ; our scarlet cloth served us for 
 a sail, an oar for a mast, and a plank for a rudder. Not- 
 withstanding the darkness, our equipment was in a short 
 time as complete, as circumstances would permit. The 
 only difficulty that remained was, how to direct our 
 course ; we had neither charts nor instruments, and 
 were nearly two hundred leagues from land. We resign- 
 ed ourselves to the mercy of the Almighty, whose assis- 
 tance we implored in fervent prayers. 
 
 At length we raised our sail, and a favorable wind 
 removed us for ever from the floating corpses of our 
 unfortunate companions. In this manner we proceeded 
 eight days and eight nights, without perceiving land, ex- 
 posed stark naked to the burning rays of the sun by 
 day, and to intense cold by night. The sixth day a 
 shower of rain inspired us with the hope of some relief 
 from the thirst by which we were tormented : we en- 
 deavored to catch the little water that fell in our mouths 
 and hands. We sucked our sail, but having been before 
 soaked in sea- water it communicated the bitter taste of 
 he latter to the rain which it received. If, however, 
 the rain had been more violent, it might have abated the 
 wind that impelled us, and a calm would have been 
 attended with inevitable destruction. 
 
 That we might steer our course with the greater cer- 
 ainty, we consulted every day, the rising and setting of 
 :he sun and moon ; and the stars shewed us what wind 
 we ought to take. A very small piece of salt pork fur- 
 nished us one meal in the twenty four hours : arid from 
 this even we were obliged to desist on the fourth day, on 
 account of the irritation of the blood, which it occasion- 
 ed. Our only beverage was a glass of brandy, from 
 time to time ; but that liquor burned our stomachs with- 
 out allaying our thirst. We saw abundance of flying 
 fish, but the impossibility of catching them rendered 
 our misery still more acute ; we were, therefore, oblig- 
 ed to be contented with our provisions. The uncertain- 
 ty with respect to our fate, the want of food, and the 
 agitation of the sea, combined to derive us of the 
 rest, .and almost plunged us into despair. Nature 
 seemed to have abandoned her functions ; a fee- 
 
348 LOSS OF THE PRINCE, 
 
 ble ray of hope alone cheered our minds and prevented 
 us from envying the fate of our deceased compan- 
 ions. 
 
 I passed the eighth night at the helm ; I remained at 
 my post more than ten hours, frequently desiring to be 
 relieved, till at length I sunk down with fatigue. My 
 miserable comrades were equally exhausted, and despair 
 began to take possession of our souls. At last, when 
 just perishing with fatigue, misery, hunger, and thirst, 
 we discovered land, by the first rays of the sun, on 
 Wednesday, the 3d of August, 1752. Only those who 
 have experienced similar misfortunes can form an ade- 
 quate conception of the change which this discovery 
 produced in our minds. Our strength returned, and we 
 took precautions not to be carried away by the cur- 
 rents. At two P. M. we reached the coast of Brazil, 
 and entered the bay of Tresson, in latitude 6 cleg. 
 
 Our first care, upon setting foot on shore, was to 
 thank the Almighty for his favors ; we threw ourselves 
 upon the ground, and, in the transports of our joy, 
 rolled ourselves in the sand. Our appearance was truly 
 frightful, our figures preserved nothing human that did 
 not more forcibly announce our misfortunes. Some 
 were perfectly naked, others had nothing but shirts 
 that were rotten and torn to rags, and I bad fastened 
 found my waist a piece of scarlet cloth, in order to ap- 
 pear at the head of my companions. We had not 
 yet, however, arrived at the end of all our hardships ; 
 although rescued from the greatest of our dangers, that 
 of an uncertain navigation, we were still tormented by 
 hunger and thirst, and in cruel suspense, whether we 
 should find this coast inhabited by men susceptible of 
 sentiments of compassion. 
 
 We were deliberating which way we should direct 
 our course, when about fifty Portuguese, most of 
 whom were armed, advanced towards us, and inquired 
 the reason of our landing. The recital of our misfor- 
 tunes was a sufficient answer, at once announced our 
 wants, and strongly claimed the sacred rights of hospi- 
 tality. Their treasures were not the object of our de- 
 sire, tUe necessities of life were all that we wanted. 
 
LOSS OP THE PRINCE. 349 
 
 Touched by our misfortunes, they blessed the power 
 that had preserved us, and hastened to conduct us to 
 their habitations. Upon the way we came to a river, in- 
 to which all my companions ran to throw themselves, in 
 order to allay their thirst ; they rolled in the water with 
 extreme delight; and bathing was in the sequel one of 
 the remedies of which we made the most frequent use, 
 and which, at the same time contributed most to the 
 restoration of our health. 
 
 The principal person of the place came and conduct- 
 ed us to his house, about half a league distant from the 
 place of our landing. Our charitable host gave us linen 
 shirts and trowsers, and boiled sqme fish, the water of 
 which served us for broth, and seemed deiieious. After 
 this frugal repast, though sleep was equally necessary, 
 yet we prepared to render solemn thanks to the Almigh- 
 ty. Hearing that, at the distance of half a league, there 
 was a church dedicated to St. Michael, we repaired thith- 
 er, singing praises to the Lord, where we presented the 
 homage of our gratitude to Him to whom we were so 
 evidently indebted for our preservation. The badness of 
 the road had fatigued us so much that we were obliged 
 to rest in the village ; our misfortunes, together with such 
 an edifying spectacle, drew all the inhabitants around us, 
 and every one hastened to fetch us refreshments. After 
 resting a short time we returned to our kind host, who, at 
 night, furnished us with another repast of fresh fish. As 
 we wanted more inyigoratmg food we purchased an ox, 
 which we had in exchange for twenty-five quarts of 
 brandy. 
 
 We had to go to Paraibo, a journey of fifteen leagues, 
 barefoot, and without any hope of meeting with good 
 provisions on the way ; we therefore took the precaution 
 of smoke- dry ing our meat, and added to it a provision of 
 flour. After resting three clays we departed under an 
 escort of three soldiers. We proceeded seven leagues 
 the first day, and passed the night at the house of a man. 
 who received us kindly. The next evening, a sergeant, 
 accompanied by twenty-nine soldiers, came to meet us 
 for the purpose of conducting and presenting us to the 
 commandant of the fortress ; that worthy officer received 
 Ff 
 
f*5fc i<083 OF THE PRISClfi. 
 
 : KS graciously, gave us an entertainment, and a boat to g> 
 to Paraibo. It was midnight when we arrived at that 
 town ; a Portuguese captain w r as waiting to present us to 
 the governor, who gave us a gracious reception, and fur- 
 nished us with all the comforts of life. We there repos- 
 ed for three days, but being desirous of reaching Fer- 
 pambuc to take advantage of a Portuguese fleet that was 
 expected to sail every clay, in order to return to Europe, 
 .the governor ordered a corporal to conduct us thither. 
 My feet were so lacerated that I could scarcely stand, 
 and a horse ..was therefore provided for me. 
 
 At length after a journey of four days, we entered the 
 town of Fernambuc. My first business was to go, with 
 jny people, to present myself to the general, Joseph de 
 Correa, who condescended to give me an audience ; after 
 which Don Francisco Miguel, a captain of a king's ship, 
 took us in his boat to procure us the advantage of saluting 
 the admiral of the fleet, Don Juan d'Acosta de Porito. 
 During the fifty days that v^e remained at Fernambuc 
 that gentleman never ceased to load me with new favours 
 and civilities. His generosity extended to all my com- 
 panions in misfortune, some of to whom he even gave 
 appointments in the vessels of his fleet. 
 
 On the 5th of October we set sail, and arrived, without 
 any accident, at Lisbon, on the 17th of December. On 
 the 2d of January our consul, M. du Vernay, procured 
 me a passage in a vessel bound to Morlaix. The master 
 and myseKwent on board together, the rest of my com- 
 panions being distributed among other ships. I arrived at 
 Morlaix on the 2d of February. My fatigues obliged me 
 to take a few days rest in that place, from whence I re- 
 paired on the 10th to F Orient, overwhelmed with pover- 
 ty, having lost all that I possessed in the world, 'after a 
 service of twenty -eight years, and with my health greatly 
 impaired by tfee hardships I had endured. 
 
.;rVVRECK OF THE 
 
 DEGRAVE EAST-INDIAMA" 
 
 ,- I fie CoasL oj Mad n ///? Yf.a? Yt : 
 
 HE Degr&ve was a fine ship of 700 ions, and 
 carried 52 guns. She was commanded by Captain 
 William Youncc, passed through the Downs February, 
 19, 1701, and proceeded to Fort St, Geroge, in the 
 East-Indies, where she safely arrived. From thence 
 she sailed to Bengal, where her captain and first mate 
 died, in consequence of which the command devolved 
 on the captain's, son, who was second mate; and ?Ir. 
 John Benbow, one of the sons of Vice Admiral Ben bow, 
 who had gone out in quality of fourth mate from Ben- 
 gal. They sailed for the Cape of Good Hope, but in 
 going out of the river the ship ran aground, and stuck 
 fast ; she floated again the next high title, and put to sea 
 with little or no damage, as was then imagined ; but soon 
 after she was found so leaky that two chain- pumps were 
 obliged to be kept continually going. In this state the 
 crew sailed two month? before they reached the island 
 of St. Mauritius, inhabited by the Dutch, who received 
 them kindly, and gave them all the assistance in their 
 power, permitting them to fit up a tent on shore, 
 into which they brought the greatest part ' of the car- 
 go, having unladen the ship in order to search for the 
 leak, which, however, they were unable to find' After 
 remaining about a month at the island of Mauritius, and 
 taking en board about 'fifty lascars, they sailed directly 
 for the Cape of Good Hope. There were then about 
 170 hands on board, and though the lascars were not of 
 much service, in poict of navigation, yet they were of 
 
3S# LOSS OF THE DEGRAVJ?. 
 
 great utility, in relieving the English seamen from the 
 htJbror of pumping. This resolution, thus rashly taken, 
 cff putting to sea before they had stopped, or even dis- 
 covered the leak, proved fatal to them. In a few days 
 the water gained upon them to such a degree, that, not- 
 withstanding the pumps were kept going day and night, 
 it was with the utmost exertions that they kept the ves- 
 sel above water, though they were still COO leagues 
 iiv>m their intended port. 
 
 The ship's coinpar.y believing thai common danger 
 put them all on an equality, represented to captain 
 Young, that his design of proceeding to the Cape was 
 become Impracticable; and that, therefore, the wisest 
 step that could be taken, was to make the nearest land. 
 HTliich was that of Madagascar, to the southward of 
 v/hich they had sailed about a hundred leagues. The 
 captain complied with their advice, and endeavored to 
 > an the ship on shore, but that was found impracticable 
 likewise; they, therefore, when within a quarter of a 
 mile of the coast, first let go an anchor, then cut d&vm 
 ;*!! the masts and rigging, and threw their guns and 
 goods overboard, in the hope of making the ship swim 
 r.earcr. But this being also found impossible, and hav- 
 jng already lost their long boat and pinnace, they resolv- 
 ed to make a raft, which bicy did in the night, and the 
 next morning Mr. Pratt, the chief mate, with four men, 
 went on shore, in a little boat, wath a rope, by which 
 <hey proposed to warp the raft. This boat was staved 
 to pieces before it reached the land, but the men escaped 
 sad secured the rope, which brought the raft on shore 
 T?Hh the rest of the ship's company, excepting the cap- 
 tain, who remained last on board the ship, and did riot 
 leave, her till he found she began to go to pieces, and 
 then he threw himself into the sea and swam ashore. 
 The crew were quickly made prisoners by the king of 
 that part of the island, who carried them fifty miles up 
 into the country, where they found a captain Drummond, 
 and a captain Stewart, with a few of their ship's crew, 
 ki the same situation with themselves, and who sopn 
 let them into a perfect knowledge of their situation, by 
 assuring them that the king intended to make them serve 
 
LOSS OF THE DEGRAVE. 353 
 
 him iti his wars, and would never permit them to return 
 to Europe ; which intelligence, as may well be imagin- 
 ed, struck them with the utmost consternation. 
 
 In this distress the captains Drumrnond. Stewart, and 
 Young, held a consultation in conjunction with Mr. 
 Pratt and Mr. Benbow, in which captain Drummond pro- 
 posed, as the only expedient by which they could recov- 
 er their liberty, to seize the black king and inarch off 
 with him prisoner into some other province of the isl- 
 and, where ships frequently came. Mr. Benbow warm- 
 ly espoused this proposal and assisted with great cour- 
 age in the execution of it, which was performed with 
 more ease than was expected ; and the king, his son, 
 and his queen were made prisoners, but the queen was 
 released by captain Young, from a motive of compas- 
 sion. It is not very easy to conceive a bolder exterprize 
 than this, where between 60 and 60 white people, and 
 not above half these armed, carried off a black prince 
 out of the midst of his capital, and in the sight of some 
 thousands of his subjects, better armed than themselves ^ 
 who were, notwithstanding^ restrained from firing upon 
 them by captain's Young's threatening to kill their king 
 if they did, They were, however, guilty of great mis- 
 management afterwards, for upon a proposal made by 
 the negroes to give them six guns for their king, it was 
 agreed to deliver him up, on a supposition that the 
 blacks would then follow them no further, and this, not- 
 withstanding Mr. Benbow strongly opposed it, and shew- 
 ed them the mischievous consequences with which such 
 an injudicious measure must be attended. The king 
 being given up, the blacks still contiaued to follow 
 them, though at a distance, till at length it was agreed 
 to give up the prince too, imagining that this would put 
 and end to the pursuit. They, hevvever, took with them 
 three persons, who, as they were informed by the blacks, 
 were three of the principal men in the country, by way 
 of hostages. Two of the"e soon made their escape, 
 and the blacks not only continued to pursue, but even 
 fired upon them, which they had not done before. The 
 weakness of their own conduct, and the wisdom of 
 
354 LOSS OF THE DEGRAVE, 
 
 Mr. J3enbows's advice, was now apparant to every one ; 
 and as it was obvious that they had no chance left but to 
 fight, they began to arrange their little army in order of 
 hat tie. Thirty six armed men were divided into four 
 bodies, commanded by the three captains and Mr. Ben- 
 )3ow, but after an engagement that lasted from noon till 
 six o'clock in the evening, it was agreed lo treat. The 
 negroes demanded their arms, promising them their lib- 
 erty on that condition. This proposition, though of such 
 a mischievous tendency, and vigorously opposed by Mr. 
 JBenbow, was accepted at the persuasion of captain Young. 
 But when it came to be put in execution, captains Drum- 
 inond and Stewart, with four or five of their crew, refus- 
 ed^to deliver up their arms, and marched off unperceived 
 in the night, accompanied by Mr. Uenbow, and arrived 
 safe at port Dauphin. The rest were cruelly murdered, 
 excepting Robert Drury, a boy fifteen or sixteen years 
 old, whom they preserved and made a slave. Mr. Ben,- 
 bow, after remaining several years among the Negroes, 
 where he lived after their manner, and went naked, esca- 
 ped on board a Dutch ship, the captain of which ha$ been 
 well acquainted with his father, the Admiral, and for his 
 sake treated him with great kindness and respect. He 
 arrived safe ia England, where he lived many years, and 
 composed a work entitled " A Description of the South 
 part of the Island of Madagascar," which was a very cu- 
 rious and accurate performance, and therefore frequently 
 borrowed by his friends, with some of whom it still re- 
 mains ; nor have the family, after the strictest 
 Been able to retrieve it. 
 
355 
 
 AN EXTRAORDINARY 
 
 FAMINE IN THE AMERICAN SHIP PEGGY, 
 
 On her return from the Azores to New-York, in 1765. 
 
 _T AMINE frequently leads men to the commis- 
 sion of the most horrible excesses : insensible, on such 
 occasions, to the appeals of nature and reason, man as- 
 sumes the character of a beast of prey ; he is deaf te 
 every representation, and coolly meditates the death of 
 his fellow-creature. 
 
 One of these scenes, so afflicting to humanity, was, 
 in the year 1765, exhibited in the brigantine the Peggy, 
 David Harrison, commander, freighted by certain mer- 
 chants of New-York, and bound to the Azores. She 
 arrived without accident at Fayal, one of those islands, 
 and having disposed of her cargo, took on board a 
 lading of wine and spirits. *On the 24th of October, 
 of the same year, she set sail on her return to New- 
 York. 
 
 On the 29th, the wind, which had till then been favor- 
 able, suddenly shifted. Violent storms, which succeed- 
 ed each other, almost without interruption, during the 
 month of November, did much damage to the vessel. 
 In spite of all the exertions of the crew, and the experi- 
 ence of the captain, the masts went by the board, ai\3 
 
v/56 AN EXTRAORDINARY FAMINE 
 
 all the sails, excepting one, were tore to rags ; and, to add 
 to their distress, several leaks were discovered in the 
 hold. 
 
 At the beginning of December the wind abated a little, 
 but the vessel was driven out of her course ; and, desti- 
 tute of masts, sails, and rigging, she was perfectly un- 
 manageable, and drifted to and fro at the mercy of the 
 waves. This, however, was the smallest evil ; another 
 of a much more alarming nature soon manifested itself. 
 Upon examining the state of the provisions, they were 
 found to be almost totally exhausted. In this deplora- 
 ble situation the crew had no hope of relief but from 
 chance. 
 
 A few days after this unpleasant discovery ^ two ves- 
 sels were descried early one morning, and a transient 
 ray of hope cheered the unfortunate crew of the Peggy. 
 The sea ran so high as to prevent captain Harrison from 
 approaching the ships, which were soon out of sight. 
 The disappointed seamen, who were in want of every 
 thing, then fell upon the wine and brandy with which the 
 ship was laden. They allotted to the captain two 
 small jars of water, each containing about a gallon, 
 being the remainder of their stock. Some days elaps- 
 ed, during which the men, in some measure, appeased 
 the painful cravings of hunger by incessant intoxica- 
 tion. 
 
 On the fourth day, a ship was observed bearing to- 
 wards them in full sail : no time was lost in making 
 signals of distress, and the crew had the inexpressible 
 satisfaction to perceive that they were answered. The 
 sea was sufficiently calm to permit the two vessels to 
 approach each other. The strangers seemed much 
 affected by the account of their sufferings and misfor- 
 tunes, and promised them, a certain quantity of biscuit ; 
 but it was not immediately sent on board, the captain 
 alleging, as an excuse for the delay, that he had just be- 
 gan a nautical observation, which he was desirous to 
 finish. However unreasonable such a pretext appeared, 
 under the present circumstances, the famished crew of 
 the Peggy was obliged to submit. The time mentioned 
 
IN THE AMERICAN SHIP PEGGY. 3f 
 
 by the captain had nearly expired, when, to (heir ex- 
 treme mortification, the latter, regardless of his promise, 
 crowded all his sails and bore a^ ay. No language is ad- 
 equate to describe the despair and consternation which 
 then overwhelmed the crew. Enraged, and destitute of 
 hope, they fell upon whatever they had spared till then. 
 The only animals that remained on board were a couple 
 of pigeons and a cat, which were devoured in an instant. 
 The only favor they she\ved the captain was to reserve 
 for him the head of the cat. He afterwards declared, 
 that however disgusting it would have been on any 
 other occasion, he thought it at that moment, a treat ex* 
 quisitcly delicious. The unfortunate men then support- 
 ed their existence by living on oil, candles, and leather, 
 and these were entirely consumed by the 28th of De- 
 cember. 
 
 From that day until the 13th of January, it is impos- 
 sible to tell in what manner they subsisted. Captain 
 Harrison had been for some time unable to leave his 
 cabin, being confined to his bed by a severe fit of the 
 gout. On the last mentioned day, the sailors went to 
 him in a body, with the mate at their head ; the latter 
 acted as spokesman, and after an affecting representa- 
 tion of the deplorable state to which they were reduced, 
 dtclarc-d that it was necessary to sacrifice one in order 
 to save the rest ; adding, that their resolution was irre- 
 vocably fixed, and that they intended to cast lots for the 
 victim. 
 
 The captain, a tender and humane man, could not 
 hear such a barbarous proposition without shuddering ; 
 he represented to them tha^ they were men, and ought 
 to regard each other as brethren ; that by such an as- 
 sassination, they would lor ever consign themselves to 
 universal execration, and commanded them, with all his 
 authority, lo relinquish the idea cf committing such an 
 attrocious crir* Tlie captain was silent ; but he had 
 spoken to ' a men. 'jtl.^y ?.ll with one voice replied, 
 that u vas indifferent to them whether he approved of 
 their resolution or not ; that they had only Acquainted 
 him with it out of respect, actl because he wu 1 . 1 ^ ^^ 
 
3$ 8 AN EXTRAORDINARY FAMINE 
 
 the same risk as themselves ; adding that, in the ge; 
 shisfortune, all command arid distinction were at an end. 
 With these words they left him, and went upon deck, 
 where the lots were drawn. 
 
 A negro who was on board and belonged to captain 
 Harrison, was the victim. It is more than probable thai 
 the lot had been consulted only for the sake of form, 
 and that the wretched black was proscribed the moment 
 the sailors first formed their resolution. They instantly 
 sacrificed him. One of the crew tore out his liver and 
 devoured it, without having the patience to dress it, by 
 broiling, or in any other manner. He was soon after- 
 wards taken ill, and died the following day in convul- 
 sions, and with all the symptoms of madness. Some 
 of his comrades proposed to keep his body to live upon, 
 after the negro was consumed ; but this advice was re- 
 jected by the majority, doubtless n account of the ma- 
 lady which had carried him elf. He was, therefore, 
 throvvi: overboard, and consigned to the deep. 
 
 The captain, in the intervals, when he "was the least 
 tormented by the gout, was not more exempt from the 
 attacks of hunger than the rest of the crew ; but he 
 resisted all the persuasions of his men to partake of 
 their horrid repast, fie contented himself with the 
 water which had been assigned to him, mixing with 
 it a small quantity of spirits, and this was the only 
 sustenance he took daring the whole period of his dis- 
 tress. 
 
 The body of the negro, equally divided, and raten 
 with the greatest economy, lasted till the 26th of Janua- 
 ry. On the 29th, the famished crew deliberated upon 
 selecting a second victim. They again came to inform 
 the captain of their intention, arid he appeared to give 
 his consent, fearing lest the enraged sailors nr.'it have 
 recourse to the lot without him. They left it with him 
 to ^ - 
 Thf -fcj 
 smalt pieces of p- : 
 
 atine, folded then? 
 
IN THE AMERICAN SHIP PEGGY. 359 
 
 meanwhile, preserved an awful silence ; each eye was 
 iixed, and each mouth was open, while terror was 
 strongly impressed upon every countenance. With a 
 trembling hand one of them drew from the hat the fatal 
 billet, which he delivered to the captain, who opened it 
 and read aloud the name of DAVID F^ATT. The un- 
 fortunate man on whom the lot had fallen appeared per- 
 fectly resigned to his fate ; " My friends, (said he to his 
 companions.) the only iavor I request of you, is, not to 
 keep me long in pain ; despatcn me as speedily as you 
 did the negro." Then turning to the man who had per- 
 formed the first execution, he added : " It is you I 
 choose to give me the mortal blow." He requested an 
 hour to prepare himself for death, to which his com- 
 rades could only reply with tears. Meanwhile com- 
 passion, and the remonstrances of the captain, prevailed 
 over the hunger of the most hard-hearted. They unani- 
 mously resolved to defer the sacrifice till eleven o'clock 
 the following morning. Such a short reprieve afforded 
 very litlle consolation to PL.ATT. 
 
 The certainty of dying the next day made such a 
 deep impression upon his mind, that his body, which, 
 for above a month, had withstood the almost total priva- 
 tion of nourishment, sunk beneath it. He was seized 
 with a violent fever, and his state was so much aggra- 
 vated by a delirium, with which it was accompanied, 
 that some of the sailors proposed to kill him immedi- 
 ately, in order to terminate his sufferings. The majori- 
 ty, however, adhered to the resolution which had been 
 taken of waiting till the following morning;. 
 
 At ten o'clock in the morning of the 30th of Jan- 
 uary, a large fire was already made to dress the limbs 
 of the unfortunate victim, when a sail was descried at a 
 distance. A favorable wind drove her towards the Peg- 
 gy, and she proved to be the Susan, returning from Vir- 
 ginia and bound to London. 
 
 The captain could not refrain from tears at the affect- 
 ing account of the sufferings endured by the famished 
 crew. He lost no time in affording them relief, supply- 
 Ing them immediately with provisions and rigging, and 
 
EXTRAORDINARY FAMINE, &C. 
 
 offered to convoy the Peggy to London. The distance 
 from New-York, their proximity to the English coast, 
 together with the miserable state of the brigantine, induc- 
 ed the two captains to proceed to England. The voy- 
 age was prosperous ; only two men died, all the others 
 gradually recovered their strength. Flatt himself was 
 restored to perfect health, after having been so near the 
 jates of 4eath, 
 
LOSS OF THE 
 
 AMERICAN SLOOP THETIS, 
 
 Which mas upset in a gale of wind on the 23d of No- 
 vember , 1809, while on her nay from New-Bed- 
 ford to Savannah, in which 29 out of 
 34 lives were lost. 
 
 BY CAPTAIN JOHN TABER, JR. 
 
 JL SAILED on tire 16th of November, 1S09, 
 from New-Bedford in the Sloop Thetis of that place 
 bound to Savannah, having on board including both 
 crew and passengers Thirty -Four souls. On the 23d 
 we experienced a violent gale of wind from the N. E. 
 which brought us too under a trisail after having 
 fecud six hours. At about 7 o'clock P. M. we were 
 struck, as was supposed, by a white squall from the 
 N. N. W. which instantly upset us, in lat. 34, 8 lone;. 
 76, 30 the sea rushed immediately into the cabin, 
 where twenty- two of the Passengers perished, or 
 were washed from the deck as they endeavored to 
 escape out of the companion way the vessel lay upon 
 her beam ends upwards of 48 hours, during which time 
 repeated efforts were made to cut away the mast, but 
 without effect it being almost under water and a heavy 
 sea going, 1 2 of us being all who survived ; on the second 
 day, we lashed ourselves to the quarter rail, when two 
 inore (Joseph Crowell, and Joseph Francis) perished 
 with cold and fatigue. On the 3d day fhe gale abating, 
 Gg 
 
LOSS OF THE SLOOP THETIS. 
 
 and the weather growing moderate we cut away the 
 shrouds, and cleared away the mast from the wreck and 
 she nearly righted but was full of water. On the 6th day 
 after being on the wreck we saw a ship, which hoisted 
 American colors and bore down we supppsed to our as- 
 sistance, but at sun-set she lost sight of us ; the ship stood 
 by us all ni&kt, during which time we could distinctly 
 see her, though it is believed we were not ^perceived by 
 hose on board of her: about day light a severe gale 
 sprung up, and the ship loosing sight of us proceeded 
 -on her course : we saw several other vessels pass ; us, but 
 uot near enough to be hailed. On the 7th day all of 
 us except one man was washed from the wreck by a sea 
 that unexpectedly broke upon us, but by much exertion 
 four of us regained the vessel, when I, with the survivors, 
 Asa F. Taber, Amos Rilley, Braddock ixifford, and 
 Thomas Snow, wrapped ourselves in a sail spread cross 
 ?!ie quarter rails, and there continued exposed to the 
 inclemency of the weather and to the voracious Sharks 
 vvhich sported around us, seeming impatient for their 
 pray, one of our companions haying already fallen a 
 victim to their jaws before our sight; in this situation we 
 ^ontinued 17 days, subsisting wholly on raw potatoes and 
 port wine much damaged by the salt water, when Capt. 
 Hudson of the ship William and Henry, by an interposi- 
 tion of Heaven, too affecting to be ever forgotten by us, 
 came to our relief, and snatched us from despair and 
 impending, death finding us cold, -hungry, and exhausted. 
 He clothed and fed us, and by the tenderest exercise of 
 hospitality, and kindness cheered us back to life. Not 
 to acknowledge our obligations to so great a benefactor 
 would be to suppress the involuntary effusions of great- 
 ful hearts. For myself therefore, as well as in behalf of 
 my surviving fellow sufferers, I embrace this public op- 
 portunity of renewedly expressing our warmest acknow- 
 ledgments to Capt. Hudson and also to his mates and 
 crew, for the promptness and perseverance which they 
 shewed in rescuing us from a watery grave, as well as 
 their humanity and attention so uniformly continued <o 
 us till our arrival in the Fort of Charleston, Scuth- 
 Carolina, 
 
LOSS OP THE. SLOOP THETIS SC.J 
 NAME 3 OF THE PERSONS LOST, 
 
 Samuel Whig, (Nathaniel Procter and Samuel Prod* 5 :, 
 Brothers) Traders Joseph Terry, Urial Sherrnrjn, Na- 
 thaniel Sherman and William Sherman, Brothers- 
 Cleghorn Pease, Edmund Pope, Israel Sampson, antf 
 Bradford Williams, Carpenters Nathaniel Butler, Cabi- 
 net Maker Timothy Taber, Joseph C rowel, Francis 
 Washburn, and Charles Washburn, his iippreniice, paifc- 
 fers Williams and Griswold, Brick-layers Henry Too), 
 Mason Consider Smith, Black smith William Jenney, 
 Thomas Manchester, Jonathan Davis and Abcer Davis, 
 his apprentice, Shoe-makers Lemuel Clark, Caulker 
 Ebenezer Jenney, Mate Josiah Hammond, Joseph 
 Francis and Stephen Young, Seamen. 
 
 Nineteen of the above persons had families and ail of 
 'hem lived in or near New- Bedford. 
 
 NAMES OF THE PERSONS SAVED, 
 
 John Taber, jr. Master of the Sloop. 
 
 Thomas Snow, 
 
 Asa French Taber. [ ,., , . 
 
 AmosRilley, f Mechanics and Passengers. 
 
 Bradford Gifford, 
 
BB1EF SKETCH OS' 
 
 THE 
 
 NAVAL ENGAGEMENTS, 
 
 WHICH HAVE TAKEN PLACE BETWEEN THE UNITED 
 STATES AND GREAT-BRITAIN, SINCE THE COM- 
 MENCEMENT OF THE PRESENT WAR. 
 
 .A.T ihe request of many, and because not who!- 
 \y foreign to the design of this compilation since replete 
 with instances of severest Naval Dist&ter, we subjoin 
 some account of the late engagements at sea. In the 
 collection of facts., and in the sketches given, entire lib- 
 erty has been taken to use word for word, when to our 
 purpose, the language of others. The account of the 
 capture of the Frolic is entirely from the Port Folio. 
 
 The War commenced between the United States 
 nnd Great-Britain, in the summer of the year 1812, 
 Ler-ame early distinguished by a series of Naval en- 
 counters in which American skill and valor were re- 
 peatedly crowned with the most signal of successes. 
 Those illustrious efforts which have astonished equally 
 the ardent hopes of t!ie American People, and the' self- 
 confident invincibility of the greatest of maritime powers, 
 will be ever memorable. 
 
 So humbly had, in the outset, our new enemy felt at 
 liberty to conceive of the character of American Seamen, 
 and of the Little Navy with which they then esteemed 
 tiiams elves to be about entering upon inglorious warfare, 
 
CAPTURE OF THE GUERRIERE. 
 
 that they could scarcely be spoken of but with derision,* 
 or sought after, but with the expectation of certain con- 
 quest, the accomplishment of which, should prove but a 
 few minutes of diversion. 
 
 Such was the state of things when the high and ho- 
 nourable minds of our Naval Heroes conceived the ele- 
 vated resolution of boldly striking for fame. They suc- 
 ceeded, "Bone of our born"^ became the language 
 with which the enemy was at length pleased to accost 
 them, while the benediction of shouting citizens, of illu- 
 minated cities, of approving Legislatures, and of an 
 entire and grateful Nation, constituted their rich and glo 
 rious reward, 
 
 CAPTURE OF 
 
 THE GUERRIERE. 
 
 THE action between the U. S. Frigate Constitution, 
 Captain ISAAC HULL, and the British frigate Guerriere, 
 Capt. DACRES, which terminated in the capture of the 
 latter vessel, will be ever memorable. It took place in 
 lat. 42, N. Ion. 58 west, on the 19th of Aug. 1812, dis- 
 tant, nearly due east, about 500 miles from Cape Cod. 
 
 * The following from tJie London Evening Star, cu- 
 riously illustrates the ideas too commonly entertained in 
 England, concerning our Little Navy, at the commence- 
 ment of the mar. 
 
 " dndis Great Britain to be driven from the proud emi- 
 nence which the blood and treasures of her sons have ob- 
 tained for her among the nations, by a piece of striped 
 bunting flying at the mast-head of a few fir built frigates, 
 manned by a handful of bastards and outlaws ?" 
 
 f The following comments from the Quebec Mercury, 
 alluding to the capture of the Guerriere, furnish something 
 of a contrast to the contents of the preceding note. 
 
 " What can we say of this unfortunate rencontre, farther, 
 than that we had to contend nith men nhs> are bone ot 
 our bone, and flesh of our fieeh." 
 
o80 CAPTURE OF THE GUERRIERE, 
 
 The Guerriere had, by the British, been considered 
 as the best frigate then on the American station ; and but 
 a few days previous to the action, Capt. Dacres endorsed 
 on the Register of the American brig John Adams, which 
 arrived at New- York September 4th, 1812, the following 
 challenge. 
 
 * ; Captain DACRES, commander of his Britannic Ma- 
 ' ; jesty's frigate Guerriere, of Forty-Four guns, presents 
 " his compliments to Commodore ROGERS, of the United 
 ;i States' frigate President, and will be happy to meet 
 * : him, or any other American frigate, of equal force to 
 
 the President, off Sandy Hook, for the purpose of 
 ' having a few minutes Tete a Tete." The Constitution 
 was precisely of equal force to the President, and Capt. 
 Dacres had but too soon the short-lived satisfaction of 
 being introduced to the " Tete a Tete" he had so eagerly 
 courted. 
 
 The frigates saw each other at 2 o'clock, P. M. and 
 at half past three, the Constitution sailing before the 
 vind, had gained so much upon the Guerriere, that her 
 character, as a frigate, was known. A little before five, 
 both frigates (then three miles apart) prepared for the 
 bloody strife ; the crew of the Constitution giving three 
 cheers, and petitioning tf> be brought close along side 
 the enemy. This was an eventful hour. The American 
 People were at the time humbling themselves before 
 God, solemnising a day of National Fasting and Prayer. 
 Captain Hull and Captain Dacres were meeting for the 
 decision of a contest, to which all eyes, both in England 
 and America, eould they have been witnesses; had turn- 
 ed. Jt was the first time, after a lapse of thirty years 
 peace, where the equality of the force to be engaged 
 gave to each the hope, as well as the determination to 
 conquer. It was America with England, it was England 
 ^i!h America. 
 
 As soon as the Constitution was ready for action, Capt. 
 Hull bore down with an intention to bring him to close ac- 
 tion immediately, A little after five, the Guerriere dis- 
 played the English ensigns, and began firing, giving first a 
 Broadside, then filing and wearing away, and adding a se- 
 cond broadside upon the other tack, but without effect, her 
 
CAPTURE OF THE GtfEHIUERE. 3G7 
 
 shot falling short. Fifteen minutes after the fire from the 
 Guerriere, the Constitution set her colors, and fired. For 
 three quarters of an hour the frigates were now engaged, 
 the Guerriere wearing very often, and endeavoring to get 
 a raking position; the Constitution manoeuvring to 
 close with him, and at the same time avoid being raked, 
 each firing occasionally. Disappointed in getting a rak- 
 ing position, the Guerriere bore up. Five minutes be- 
 fore six, they were along side within half pistol shot. In 
 this situation the superiority of American gunnery be- 
 came at once and splendidly manifest. All the guns of the 
 Constitution, double shotted with round and grape, pour- 
 ed in so heavy a fire, and so well directed, that, in 1 6 
 minutes the mizen mast of the Guerriere went by the 
 board ; her main yard in the slings ; her hull, rigging, 
 and sails very much cut to pieces. The fire continued 
 to be kept up with equal warmth for 10 minutes, when 
 the Guerriere fell on board the Constitution, her bowsprit 
 foul of her mizen rigging. The firing still kept up, and 
 the cabin of the Constitution took fire from the Guer- 
 Here's guns, but was extinguished. After remaining en- 
 gaged in this situation for five minutes, the fore and main 
 mast of the Guerriere both went by the board, but for 
 which she had been boarded by Ihe Constitution, prepar- 
 ations for which had been made. 
 
 The Constitution then shot ahead of the e nemy, and, 
 in token of submission, the Guerriere fired a gun to 
 leeward. 
 
 Thus after SO minutes close action, " Tele a Tete," 
 the Guerriere is without a mast or a single spar standing, 
 except the bowsprit ; and her hull below and above wa- 
 ter so shattered that a few more broadsides must have 
 carried her down. We see her, in short, (using the 
 words of Captain Dacres, in his Official Account of his 
 capture,) " a perfectly unmanageable wreck." The Con- 
 stitution -lost all her braces, much of her rigging, and 
 some of her spars. The British, by their own account, 
 had 15 killed, and 63 wounded in the action; her second 
 Ceutenant was among the former ; the Captain, first lieu- 
 tenant, and master, among the latter. Besides these, 24 
 of her crew were missing ; by the British account, how- 
 
368 CAPTURE OF THE FROLIC. 
 
 ever, they were absent when the action began. Ten 
 others, (Impvssed Americans,) are said to have taken no 
 part in the action. Captain Dacres in his speech, when 
 on trial for striking his flag, says, concerning them, that 
 his quarters were considerably weakened, by permit- 
 ing Americans belonging to the ship, to quit their quar- 
 ters, on the enemy hoisting the colors of that nation ; 
 which, though it deprived him of the men, he thought it 
 his duty to do. 
 
 The Guerriere mounted Forty-Nine carriage guns, 
 and had a crew of 302. The Constitution has been 
 stated to have mounted Fifty-Four guns, and to have had 
 a crew rising of 400 : she had 7 only killed, and 7 wound- 
 ed. Lieut. BRUSH, of the marines, among the killed, 
 and Lieut. MORRIS, among the wounded. 
 
 Next morning after the action, the Guerriere had four 
 feet of water in her hold, and in the afternoon of that 
 day, she was set on fire and blown up. The Constitu- 
 tion with her prisoners arrived in Boston harbor, on the 
 30th of August, 
 
 CAPTURE OF 
 
 THE FROLIC. 
 
 THE United States sloop of war the Wasp, command- 
 ed by Captain JACOB JONES, was cruising in Ion. 65, W. 
 and lat. 37, N. the track of vessels passing from Bermu- 
 da to Halifax, when on Saturday the 1 7th of October, 
 about 11 o'clock, in a clear moonlight evening, she 
 found herself near five strange sail, steering eastward. 
 As some of them seemed to be ships of war, it was 
 thought better to get farther from them. The Wasp, 
 therefore, hauled her wind, and having reached a few 
 miles to windward, io as to escape or fight as the occa- 
 sion might require, followed the strange sail through the 
 night. At day break on Sunday morning, Capt. Jones 
 found that they were six large merchant ships, under 
 
CAPTURE OF THE FROLIC. 309 
 
 convoy of a sloop of war, which proved to be the 
 Frolic, capt Whinyates, from Honduras to England, 
 with a convoy, strongly armed and manned, having all 
 forty or fifty men, and two of them mounting sixteen 
 guns each. He determined, however, to attack them, 
 and as there was a heavy swell of the sea, and the 
 weather boisterous, got down his top gallant yards, close 
 reefed the top-sails, and prepared for action, About 1 1 
 o'clock the Frolic shewed Spanish colors ; and the 
 Wasp immediately displayed the American ensign and 
 pendant. At 32 minutes past 11, the Wasp came down 
 to windward, on her larboard side, within about sixty 
 yards and hailed. The enemy hauled down the Span- 
 ish colors hoisted the British ensign and opened a fire of 
 cannon and musketry this the Wasp instantly return- 
 ed ; and, coming near to the enemy, the action became 
 close and without intermission. In four or five minutes 
 the maintop mast of the Wasp was shot awa} r , and fall- 
 ing down with the maintop sail yard across the larboard 
 fore and foretop-sai! braces, rendered her head yards 
 unmanageable during the rest of the action. In two or 
 three minutes more her gaft and mizentop gallant mast 
 were shot away. Still she continued a close and con- 
 stant fire. The sea was so rough that the muzzles of 
 the Wasp's guns were frequently in the water. The 
 Americans, therefore, fired as the ship's side was go- 
 ing down, so that their shot went either on the enemy's 
 deck or below it, while the English fired as the vessel 
 rose, and thus her balls chiefly touched the rigging, or 
 were thrown away. The Wasp now shot ahead of the 
 Frolic, raked her and then resumed her position on her 
 larboard bow. Her fire was now obviously attended 
 with such success, and that of the Frolic so slackened, 
 that capt. Jones did not wish to beard her, Jest the rough- 
 ness of the sea might endanger both vessels ; but, in the 
 course of a few minutes more, every brace of the Wasp 
 was shot away, and her rigging so much torn to pieces, 
 that he was afraid that his raasts. being unsupported, 
 would go by the board, and the Frolic be able to escape. 
 He thought, therefore, the best chance of securing her 
 was to board, and decide the contest at once. With 
 
570 CAPTURE OF THE 
 
 this view he wore ship, and running clown upon the tne- 
 iny, the vessels struck each other ; the Wasp's side rub- 
 bing along the Frolic's bow, so (hat her jib boom came 
 in between the main and mizen rigging of the Wasp, 
 directly over the heads of captain Jones and the first 
 lietenant, Mr. Biddle, who were, at that moment, stand- 
 ing together near the capstan. The Frolic lay so fair for 
 raking that they decided not to board until they had giv- 
 en a closing broadside. Whilst they were loading for 
 this, so near were the two vessels, that the rammers of 
 the Wasp were pushed against the Frolic's sides, and 
 two of her guns went through the bow ports of the Frolic 
 and swept the whole length of her deck. At this mo- 
 ment John Lang,* a seaman of the Wasp, a gallant fel- 
 low, who had been once impressed by a British man of 
 war, jumped on a gun with his cutlass, and was spring- 
 irtg on board the Frolic ; captain Jones wishing to fire 
 again before boarding, called him down ; but his impetu- 
 osity could not be restrained, and he was already on the 
 bowsprit of the Frolic ; when, seeing the ardor and en- 
 thusiasm of the Wasp's crew, lieut. Biddle mounted on 
 the hammock cloth to board. At this signal the crew 
 followed, but lieut BiddJe's feet got entangled in the rig- 
 ging of the enemy's bowsprit, and midshipman Baker, 
 in his ardor to get on board, laying hold of his coat, he 
 fell back on the Wasp's deck. He sprang up, as the 
 next swell of the sea brought the Frolic nearer, he got 
 on the bowsprit, where Lang and another seaman were 
 already. He passed them on the forecastle, and was sur- 
 prised at seeing not a single man alive on the Frolic's 
 deck, except the seamen at the wheel and three officers. 
 The deck was slippery with blood, and strewed with 
 the bodies of the dead. , As be went forward, the cap- 
 tain of the Frolic, with two other officers, who were 
 standing on the quarter deck, threw down their swor 
 
 * John Lang is a native of New-Brunsivick in 
 Jersey. We mention, with great pleasure, the na 
 this brave American seaman, as a proof, that conspicuous 
 valor is confined to no rank in the JYaro/ Service. 
 
 
CAPTURE OF THE FBOLK*. 37 i 
 
 and made an inclination of their bodies, denoting that 
 they had surrendered. At this moment the colors 
 were still flying, as probably none of the seamen of the 
 Frolic would dare to go into the rigging for' lear of the 
 musketry of the Wasp. Lieut. Biddle, therefore, jump- 
 ed into the rigging himself, and hauled down the British 
 ensign, and possession was taken of the Frolic, in forty- 
 three minutes after the first fire. She was in a shocking 
 condition ; the birth- deck particularly was crowded with 
 the dead, wounded, and dying ; there being but a small 
 portion of the Frolic's crew who had escaped. Captain 
 Jones instantly sent on board his surgeon's mate, and 
 all the blankets of the Frolic were brought from her 
 slop room for the comfort of the wounded. To increase 
 this confusion, both the Frolic's masts soon fell, cover- 
 ing the dead and every thing on deck, and she lay a 
 complete wreck. 
 
 It now appeared that the Frolic mounted sixteen thir- 
 ty-two pound carronades, four twelve pounders on the 
 main deck, and two twelve pound carronades. She 
 was, therefore, superior to the Wasp, by exactly four 
 twelve pounders. The number of men on board, as 
 stated by the officers of the Frolic, was one hundred 
 and ten the number of seamen on board the Wasp 
 was one hundred and two ; but it could not be ascertain- 
 ed whether in this one hundred and ten, were included 
 marines and officers, for the Wasp had, besides her one 
 hundred and two men, officers and marines, making the 
 whole crew about one hundred and thirty five. What 
 is however decisive, as to their comparative force is, 
 that the officers of the Frolic acknowledged that they 
 had as many men as they knew what to do with, and in 
 fact the Wasp could have spared fifteen men. There 
 was therefore on the most favorable view, at least an 
 equality of men, and an inequality of four guns. The 
 disparity of loss was much greater The exact number 
 of killed and wounded on board the Frolic could not be 
 precisely determined ; but from the observations of our 
 officers, and the declarations of those of the Frolic, the 
 number could not have been less than about thirty killed, 
 including two officers, end cf the wounded between 
 
3T2 CAPTURE OP THE FROLIC. 
 
 forty and fifty ; the captain and second-lieutenant being 
 of the number. The Wasp had five men killed and fire 
 slightly wounded. 
 
 All hands were now employed in clearing the deck, 
 burying the dead, and taking care of the wounded, whea 
 captain Jones sent orders to lieut. Biddle to proceed to 
 Charleston, or any southern port of the United States ; 
 and as there was a suspicious sail to windward, the 
 Wasp would continue her cruise. The ships then part- 
 ed. The suspicious sail was now coming down very 
 fast. At first it was supposed that she was one of the 
 convoy, who had all fled during the engagement and the 
 ship cleared for action j but the enemy, as she advanc- 
 ed, proved to be a Seventy-Four the Poictiers, captain 
 Beresford. She fired a shot over the Frolic ; passed her ; 
 overtook the Wasp, the disable state of whose rigging 
 prevented her from escaping ; and then returned to the 
 Frolic, who could, of course make no resistance. The 
 Wasp and Frolic were carried into Bermuda. 
 
 It is not the least praise due to Captain Jones, that his 
 account of this gallant action is perfectly modest and urn- 
 ostentatious. On his own share in the capture, it is un- 
 necessary <to add any thing. " The courage and exer- 
 tions of the officers and crew," he observes, " fully an- 
 swer my expectations and wishes. Lieut. Biddle's ac- 
 tive conduct contributed much to our success, by the exact 
 attention paid to every department during the engage- 
 ment, and the animating example he afforded the crew 
 by his intrepidity. Lieuts. Rodgers ancl B6oth, and Mr. 
 Rapp, showed by the incessant fire from their divisions, 
 that they were not to be surpassed in resolution or skill. 
 Mr. Knight, and every other officer, acted with a courage 
 and promptitude highly honorable. Lieut Claxton, who 
 was confined by sickness, left his bed a little previous to 
 the engagement ; and though too weak to be at his divi- 
 sion, remained upon deck, and showed by h;s composed 
 manner of noting its incidents, that we had lost 
 illness, the services of $ brave officer." 
 
. 
 
 CAPTURE OP 
 
 THE MACEDONIAN. 
 
 EIGHT days after the capture of the Frolic the BrU- 
 ,sh Frigate Macedonian commanded by Captain JOIJN 
 GARDEN, mounting 49 carriage guns, and carrying 306 
 men, became a prize to the U. States' frigate United 
 States, Com. STEPHEN DECATUR commander, after an 
 action of an hour and a half. This was in lat. 29 N. 
 long. 29, SO W. on the 25th of October, 1812, off the 
 Western Islands. 
 
 The Macedonian was a frigate of the largest class, 
 two years old, four months out of dock, and reputed one 
 ef the best sailers in the British service, and being at 
 the windward had the advantage of engaging the Unit- 
 ed States at her own distance, which was so great that 
 for the first half hour the JJrited States made no use cf her 
 carronades ; and, to the c^se of the action, she was never 
 once within the complete effect of the United States 
 musketry and grape. But for this circumstance, and 
 the unusual swell which was on at the time, the action 
 had undoubtedly been much sooner finished. Captain 
 Garden, on coining on board the United States as a [iris- 
 oner, fell into a state of deep dejection, repeatedly observ- 
 ing that he was a ruined man and that his mortification 
 was intolerable. On finding however that he had Capt. 
 Dacres as a fellow companion in defeat his spirits reviv- 
 ed. To Lieut. Win. H. Allen Com. Decatur awarded 
 particular notice, in his official account of the engage- 
 ment, imputing to his unremitted exertions in disciplining 
 the crew the obvious superiority of our gunnery as ex- 
 hibited in the result of the contest : and of every officer, 
 seaman and marine on board his ship, reirarks, that their 
 enthusiam on discovering the enemy, their steady con- 
 duct in battle, and the precision of their fire, could not 
 be surpassed. 
 
 The comparative loss of the parties must fill every 
 one with astonishment. The Macedonian lost her 
 Hh 
 
&7 4- CAPTURE OF THE MACEDONIAN-, 
 
 mizen-mast, fore and main top-masts, and main yard 
 received 100 shot in her hull ; had thirty six killed and 
 sixty-seven wounded. Among the former, the Boat- 
 swain, master's mate, and school master ; of the latter, 1st 
 and Jd Lieut, a masters mate and two Midshipmen. 
 The United States had five only killed and six wound- 
 ed ! Lieut. Funk was of the former number. So little 
 was the United States damaged during the action that in 
 five minutes she was fully repaired for another engage- 
 ment. The security of her prize, however, requiring 
 her company into port, she made for America, and on 
 the 4th of December conducted the Macedonian safe 
 into New-London. It so happened that the news of this 
 third brilliant Naval victory was Deceived at Washington 
 the very evening that had b^en there previously fixed 
 upon for a Naval Ball at which a large and very respect- 
 able company were assembled ; a scene graced by nearly 
 all the beauty and fashion of the city. All was joy and 
 gaiety such as could scarcely admit of augmentation and 
 x et it wa.s destined to be increased. About 9 o'clock a 
 rumor was spread that Lieut. Hamilton, the son of the 
 secretary of the Navy, had reached the house, the 
 bearer of the colors of the Macedonian and dispatches 
 from Com. Decatur. The gentlemen <e?owded down 
 to meet him. He was received with ioud cheers and 
 escorted to the festive hall, where awaited him the em- 
 braces of a fond father, mother, and sisters ! It was a scene 
 easier felt than describee}. The room in which the com- 
 pany had assembled had been previously decorated with 
 the trophies of Naval Victory. The colors of the Guer- 
 riere and Alert were displayed OB the wall, and the 
 Flag of the Macedonian alone was wanting to complete 
 the group. It was produced and borne into the hall by 
 Capts. Hull and Stewart, and others of our brave seamen, 
 amidst the loud acclamations of the company, and greet- 
 ed with National music from the Band. 
 
 An officer of the frigate United States, speaking of 
 the capture of the Macedonian, says " I am aware it will 
 b said, she is a little ship, with five guns Jess than you, 
 and a hundred men less, and carries lighter metal, &c. 
 well, all this is true she is inferior m el! these but 
 
CAPTURE OF THE JAVA, 37 5 
 
 felie is just such a ship as the English have achieved all 
 "their single ship victories in 'twas in such a ship that sir 
 feobert Barlorv took the Africaine that sir Michael Sey- 
 mour took the Brnne, and afterwards the Niemen -th.it 
 Capt. Milne took the Vengeance, Capt. Cook the La 
 Forte, Capt. Lade, the Guerriere, Capt. Rowley the 
 Venus, and God knows how many others ; she is, in 
 tonnage, men and guns, such a ship as the English pre- 
 fer to all others, ami have, till the Guerriere's loss, 
 always thought a match for any single decked ship afloat. 
 You will observe the ship was just out of dock, her 
 masts were better than tiie G tier Here's. She had taken 
 DO prizes her compliment was full. She was not buiii 
 of fir. thirty years ag">, as said of that ship, but of the 
 best English oak, two years since;" 
 
 -CAPTURE o? 
 
 THE JAVA. 
 
 BUT about two months after the capture of the 
 Macedonian, the United Slates 1 frigate Constitution, then 
 under the command of Com. WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE, 
 achieved a most astonishing victory in capturing the 
 British frigate Java, Capt. LAMBERT, mounting 49 guns, 
 having a full complement for her crew, with upwards of 
 one hundred supernumeraries, officers, and seamen, 
 whom the Java was taking out for the East-India service, 
 in all, upwards of 400. 
 
 This action took place on the 291h of December, 1812, 
 off St. Salvador, on the coast of the Brazills. lat. 1,3, 6 
 S. long. 08. W. about thirty miles from the shore, and 
 lasted one hour and fifty-five minutes, when the Java 
 was completely dismasted, not having a spar of any size 
 standing. 
 
 The action commenced at 10 minutes after 2 o'clock, 
 P. M. the ships then half a nn!e apart, the Java keeping 
 at a greater distance than wished by Com. Bainbridge, 
 
3-76 CAPTURE OF THE JATA. 
 
 which he could not prevent without clanger of exposure 
 to a raking fire. This danger he however thought bes* 
 to encounter, as will appear by the following minutes 
 from his log book : 
 
 At 2, lOmin. P. M. commenced the action within good 
 grape and canister distance ; the enemy to windward, 
 b^t much farther than I wished, 
 
 2, 30, Our wheel shot entirely away. 
 
 2, 40, Determinied to close with the enemy, notwith- 
 standing, the raking; set the fore and main sail and 
 luffed up to him. 
 
 3j 50, The enemy's gfb-boom got foul our mizen rigging- 
 ;*, 00, The lit ad of the enemy's bowsprit and gib boom 
 shot away. 
 
 3. 03, Shot away the enemy's foremast by the board. 
 .'\ 15, Shot away his maiatop-inast, just by the top. 
 
 *, 40, Shot away his gaff and spanker-boom. 
 
 3, 55, Shot away his inizen-mast just by the board. 
 
 *t, 05, Having silenced the fire of the enemy completely, 
 and his colors in the main rigging being down, suppos- 
 ed he had struck, then hauled aboard the courses to 
 .shoot ahead to repair the rigging which was extremely 
 viuf, leaving the enemy a complete wreck. Soon after 
 discovered the enemy's Hag slill flying hove too to re- 
 pah' some of our damage. 
 
 &, 20, The enemy's main-mast went nearly by the board. 
 
 i, 50, Wore ship and stood for the enemy. 
 
 5, 25, Got very near the enemy in a very effectual rak- 
 ing; position, when he most prudently struck his flag, 
 tor had lie suffered the broadside to have raked him 
 his additional loss must have been extremely great as 
 he lay an unmanageable week upon -the water, 
 
 Capt Lambert received a mortal wound at half past 
 three o'clock, of which he afterwards died at St. Salva- 
 dor, January 4th. On board the Java, says the official 
 letter of Corn. Bainbridge, th^re were, " killed 60, and 
 101 certainly wounded." The truth is, the officers of 
 the Java took great pains to conceal both the number they 
 hud onboard, and the amount of their loss, which, there 
 
CAPTURE OF THE JAVA. 377 
 
 is good reason to believe, considerably exceeded the offi- 
 cial account, great indeed as it was by that representa- 
 tion. A letter written by H. D. Cornick, an officer cf 
 the Java, to his friend, and accidentally found, makes the 
 number killed to be 60, the number wounded 170. who, 
 perhaps, many of them, died before removal from the 
 ship, in which there was great delay, all the boats of 
 both ships, one ecxepted, having been destroyed during 
 the engagement The muster book of the Java had 440 
 names, and the Constitution received from her, after her 
 capture, including the wounded, but 341 ; leaving a de- 
 ficiency of 99 killed and missing. It was aiiedged that 
 about 40 of those on the muster book left the ship before 
 she saited from England ; but the muster book was dat- 
 ed Nov. 1st, four days after the Java sailed. The Con- 
 stitution had nine only killed! Commodore Bainbridge, 
 Lieut. Ay 1 win, and 23 others wounded ; her rigging 
 much cut. but only three shot in her hull. 
 
 The (Constitution carried Fifty-Four guns. Her 
 weight of shot in a broadside 677 Ibs. 4 oz. The Java 
 mounted Forty Nine guns. Weight of shot in a broad- 
 side 605 Ibs. 
 
 The prisoners were parolled at St. Salvador, and were 
 
 as follows : 1 Lieut. General 1 Major 1 Captain 
 
 1 Post Captain 1 Master and Commander 5 Lieuten- 
 ants 3 Lieutenants of Marines 1 Surgeon 2 Assistant 
 Surgeons 1 Purser J5 Midshipmen 1 Gunner 
 1 Boatswain 1 Master 1 Carpenter 2 Capts. Clerks 
 Total 08 officers, with 323 petty officers, seamen, ma- 
 rine*., and boys. 
 
 The Java was an important ship fitted out in coni- 
 pletest order to carry Lieut. General Hislop and his staff 
 to Bombay, and several naval officers for different ships 
 m the East-Indies, and had despatches for St. Helena, 
 Cape of Good Hope, and every English establishment 
 in the India and Chinese seas. She had also on board 
 copper fora Seventy-Four and 2 brigs, building at Bom- 
 bay. 
 
 The Java was set on fire and blown up on the 31st o 
 December, it being impossi hie to conduct herinkxporf 
 K fc 2 
 
378 CAPTURE OF THE PEACOCK. 
 
 The Constitution left St. Salvador January 6th, and 
 arrived in Boston on the 8th of February, having, it i? 
 said, been fully prepared, on her way, to have at any time 
 contended again for victory. Com. Bainbridge, on land- 
 ing at Boston, was received with a salute of cannon and 
 the loud acclamations of thousands. The streets were 
 filled with a delighted populace, and the house aad chim- 
 ney tops were covered with people. The Legislature of 
 Massachusetts being in Session passed a vote of thanks 
 for the victory. 
 
 CAPTURE OF 
 
 THE PEACOCK. 
 
 NOT two months after the capture of the Java, by 
 the Constitution, the Hornet, sloop of war, commanded 
 by Captain JAMES LAWRENCE, gained a very illustrious 
 triumph over the British man of war brig, Peacock, Cap- 
 tain PEAKE, commander, off the mouth of Demarara 
 nver, on the South American coast. A little previously 
 the Hornet had been busy, blockading the Bon Citoyenne, 
 of S4 guns, a packet brig of 12 guns, and an armed 
 schooner, in the harbor of St. Salvador, the blockade 
 < f which was raised by the arrival of a 74, which came 
 til ere for the express purpose. 
 
 The Peacock was discovered by the Hornet at 3, P M. 
 February 24th, 1812, while engaged in beating round 
 Carobana Bank, two and a half leagues from t6e Fort at 
 the mouth of the Demarara river, in order to get at another 
 English brig with colors flying without the bar. At 4 20, 
 P. M. the Peacock hoisted English colors, at which time 
 the Hornet cleared for action and beat to quarters. At 
 5 10, finding she could weather the enemy, hoisted 
 American colors and tacked. At 5 25, in passing each 
 other, exchanged broadsides within half pistol shot. 
 
 Observing the enemy in the act of wearing, the Hornet 
 received bis starboard broadside, ran him close on board 
 
CAPTURE OF THE PEACOCK. 379 
 
 the starboard quarter, and kept up so tremendous and well 
 directed a fire that in less than 1 5 minutes shr surrender- 
 ed, (being entirely cut to pieces) and hoisted an ensign, 
 union down, from his fore riging, as a signal of distress. 
 Shortly after the main-mast went by the board. Lieut, 
 Shubrick was sent on board and returned with word 
 that she was sinking fast, having six feet of water in her 
 hold. Boats were immediately dispatched to take off 
 the wounded and every exertion w r as made by plugging 
 the shot holes, throwing over the guns, pumping and bail- 
 ing, to keep her afloat till the prisoners could be removed, 
 but without effect, as she sunk in 5 12 fathoms water, car- 
 rying with her 13 of her crew and three men belonging 
 to the Hornet. Four others of the Peacock's crew at 
 the moment of her going down, took shelter in a boat, 
 which being much damaged and the waves running high, 
 they are supposed to have been lost. Lieut. Connor and 
 midshipman Cooper, with others of the Hornet's men 
 engaged in taking ofl" the prisoners, saved themselves by 
 a boat. Four of the thirteen prisoners in the Peacock 
 when she sunk, gained the mast head which continued 
 out of water, and were taken off. 
 
 Capt Peake and four men were killed in the action \ 
 probably some others. The master, one midshipman, car- 
 penter and Capt's. clerk, with 29 privates were wounded, 
 most of them severely, three of whom died of their 
 wounds. 
 
 The Hornet had but one killed and two slightly 
 wounded by the enemy. Two others were wounded, 
 one mortally, by the explosion of a catridge. Rigging 
 and sails much cut, one shot through the fore-mast, the 
 bowsprit slightly injured. The hull received little or 
 no damage. 
 
 During the action the Espeigle of 18 guns, the brig 
 mentioned as lying at anchor, was in sight. After the 
 action with the Peacock, it being thought the Espeigle 
 might attempt to beat out, the Hornet repaired, and by 
 9 P. M. was completely ready for another action. 
 
 The Peacock was about the tonnage of the Hornet, 
 4 inches wider, but not so long by 4 feet. She mount- 
 ed 20 guns, besides 2 swivels, and was maimed by 13.5 
 
380 CAPTURE OF THE CHESAPEAKE. 
 
 men ; precisely the number mustered and able to do 
 duty on board the Hornet. The Hornet mounted 20 
 guns. 
 
 Three Impressed Americans ^ on board the Peacock, 
 were less fortunate than those on board the Guerriere, 
 having been compelled to fight. One of them was killed, 
 and one of those who survived the action proved to be a 
 cousin to the-Lady of Capt. Lawrence ! The Macedonian, 
 it may be remarked, had also two Impressed Americans 
 on board, who were compelled to fight, one of whom 
 was killed. His name was John Cand, a native of the 
 District of Maine, where he had a wife and child 
 
 Captain Lawrence with the prisoners taken from the 
 -Peacock returned to the U. States, arriving at Holme's 
 Hole on the 19th of March, thence through the sound 
 at New York, on the 24th, amidst the plaudrts of an ex- 
 citing Nation. 
 
 CAPTURE OF 
 
 THE CHESAPEAKE. 
 
 THE daring and victorious LAWRENCE 
 -soon after his return from the distinguished cruise which 
 resulted in the capture of the Peacock, the command of 
 the Chesapeake frigate of Thirty Six guns. While lying 
 *n Boston harbor, the 1st day of June, 1813, the British 
 frigate Shannon, which, with the Tenedos, had been 
 sometime cruising in the bay, then in sight, he became 
 induced, though in opposition to a force of decided su- 
 perioiity, to assert the rights of the United States against 
 an invading foe. 
 
 At this time 100 of his crew had never performed a 
 cruise. The 1st Lieut. 21 years only of age; the 2d 
 Lieut, sick, and not on board, his place occupied by the 
 Lieut, next in rank ; the 3d and 4th Lieuts. Midshipmen 
 a&iing as LieuteDaats, Thai, however, Capt. 
 
CAPTURE OF THE CHESAPEAKS, 331 
 
 had not confidence both in his crew and officers, is a sup- 
 position not to be indulged. 
 
 On the 25th of May, the Shannon and Tenedos sepa 
 rated, the Captain of the Tenedos having been enjoined 
 by Capt Broke, of the Shannon, not to rejoin him till 
 about the 14th of June. This say the Halifax, (British) 
 accounts was done in the hope and expectation that the 
 Chesapeake frigate, finding the Shannon alone, c<ff Bos- 
 ton, would come out and give her battle Captain Broke 
 well knowing the force he proposed inviting to an en- 
 gagement, was of course prepared for the fight with aft 
 possible care and attention. To a crew unusually large 
 he added a number of picked men, from other vessels, 
 particularly an officer and 16 men from the Belle PouJ, 
 and a part of the crew of the Tenedos. The Shannon 
 rated Thirty -Eight and mounted Fifty-Two guns. In 
 the morning of the 1st of June, the Shannon stood in 
 close to Boston Light-House, and hoisted British colors, 
 the Chesapeake lying at anchor, and in sight. 
 
 At 8 o'clock, A. M. the Chesapeake unmoored, and 
 about noon, got under way and stood out for the Shannon, 
 The Shannon edged off, followed by the Chesapeake, 
 As the latter vessel passed the Light-House, the Shannon 
 bore E. S. E. six leagues. At 4 o'clock, P. M. the Shan- 
 non stiH standing out to sea, distant about 7 miles from 
 the Chesapeake, the Chesapeake hauled up, hoisted jib 
 and stay-sails, and firtd a gun ; upon which the enemy 
 immediately boie to, reefed his top-sails and lay by, on 
 the starboaAl tack, the Chesapeake in chase. Half past 
 4, the Chesapeake hoisted the American fiag at the inia- 
 en-top gallant mast head. 
 
 About 15 minutes before 6, when within, pi? tol shot of 
 the Shannon the Chesapeake received her broadside, 
 which was returned, and, at the first fire, Capt. Lawrence 
 was wounded in the leg;. Three or f< sides only 
 
 were exchanged when li't Chesape&k ; head-top- 
 
 sail-tie shot away, and her spanker brails fouled by cut 
 rigging Capt. Lawrence was wounded, mortally, through 
 the body, by a musket ball, and caiwd beJow. Mr. 
 Ludlow, 1st Lieut, was twice wounded, by musket or 
 
CAPTURE OF TOE CHESAPEAKE-. 
 
 grape Siiot. Mr Ballsrd, 4th Lieut, had his log shot 
 from his body. Mr. White, the master, was killed. Mr. 
 Broom, Lieut, of marines, and the boatswain, mortally 
 wounded. 
 
 In about 12 minutes from the beginning of the action, 
 the Chesapeake, being unmanageable, fell on board the 
 Shannon, when the enemy threw, suddenly, 200 men 
 upon her decks. The Chesapeake's boarders were call- 
 ed, but the man whose duty it was to give the signal did 
 not give it. Mr. Budd, 2d Lieut, being told by the 
 Captain's aid that the boarders were called, instantly 
 headed his and Mr. Cox's division, sprung on deck 
 where he found the enemy had already possessed him- 
 self of the quarter deck. He immediately gave orders 
 to haul on board the fore tack, for the purpose, if possible, 
 ef shooting the ship clesf of the other, and then made 
 an attempt to regain the quarter deck, but was wounded 
 and thrown down on the gun deck. Afterwards, almost 
 immediately, the enemy succeeded in gaining complete 
 possession of the ship. Cap!. Lawrence had been car- 
 ried bdow before any attempt was made to board. lie 
 survived till the 4th of June, repeatedly exclaiming, in 
 the course of the delirium brought on him by his wounds, 
 8i DOIS'T GIVE UP THE SHTP." He was buried at Halifa*, 
 \vilh military honors ; but that the country which he ro 
 much honored in life need not want the glory of embo- 
 soming in her own soil the mortal remains of her fallen 
 Hero, a vessel offered for that purpose, by Cant. George 
 Crowninshield, of Salem. Massachusetts, has been privi- 
 leged with a flag to go arid "bring from Halifax the hotly of 
 t/apt. Lawrence, which it is expected will be entombed at 
 Salem, after pronunciation of an Eulogy by Mr. Story, one 
 of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. The vessel which has sailed for this purpose is 
 manned by 12 Captains of ships. Lieutenant Bal- 
 lard survived his wound but 15. minutes Lieutenants 
 'Ludlo'v, Budd. and Cox, are recovering of their. v;oundF. 
 Livingston, Evans, and Hopewell, midshipmen, were 
 amons the slain, the number of which was great, aug- 
 mented doubtless, veiy much, by the inhumanity of the 
 victors, who continued firing after ail resistance had 
 
CAPTURE OP THE CHSAPAKS. 
 
 ceased. Several vollies of musketry were after the sup- 
 render, fired down the hatchway and into the cockpit 
 among the wounded The enemy, by their own account, 
 lost their 1st Lieutenant, purser, Captain's clerk, and 2J 
 seamen killed ; Capt. Broke, a midshipman, and 56 sea- 
 men wounded. Other accounts make the pumber of 
 their killed and wounded much greater. The Chesa- 
 peake had 48 killed, and 98 wounded. Capt. Broke was 
 wounded from a sabre on the head while in the act of 
 boarding; he received also other severe wounds. He 
 remained delirious for a long time, and so late as in July, 
 when last heard from, was considered as being danger- 
 gusiy ill. 
 
 The Shannen received five shot under water ; one 
 through her copper, and had her rigging and masts mu^h 
 cut. The damage she sustained was much greater than 
 that sustained by the Chesapeake. Mr. Wallace, 2d 
 Lieut, of the Shannon, has been stated to have informed 
 Mr. Chew, pureer of the Chesapeake, that they could 
 not have continued the action and kept their ship afloat 
 but a few minutes longer. But for the early loss of offi- 
 cers belonging to the Chesapeake, the Captain, 4th Lieut. 
 the Master, and the Lieut of Marines, falling the first 
 five minutes of the action, the struggle might and pro- 
 bably would have eventuated very differently. Consid- 
 ering the sinking state of the Shannon, after the exchange 
 of but from three to four broadsides, it seemed only to 
 have been necessary, in order to have reversed the for- 
 tune of the day to have fought separate from each other 
 a little longer. 
 
 The unmanagable condition of the Chesapeake, 
 occasioned by damage done her rigging, left her to 
 fall on board her antagonist, under the disadvantages 
 which have been described. Could the animating pres- 
 ence of the fallen Lawrence have directed thereafter, 
 had in fact the immense force thrown suddenly upon the 
 Chesapeake, not availed themselves of a moment when 
 the inferior numbers of their opponent were \vithout a 
 leader, every officer on deck having been killed, or severe- 
 ly wounded, they had had, it is believed, much less from 
 which to derive satisfaction. The fortune of war, it is to. 
 
CAPTURE P THE CHESAPEAKE. 
 
 be confessed, however, is never known to be without its 
 Inconstancy, and the unthinking only, and those ignorant 
 of what all history sets before them, can entertain, for a 
 moment, the presumption that uninterrupted triumph can 
 rest upon any banners, however fortified by skill and 
 made unconquerable by valor. If, in the instance here 
 recorded, the smile of Victory seem for a time to have 
 denied it's accustomed charms, it should be our recollec- 
 tion that its return can scarcely be either slow or doubtful 
 to arms it has in so many instances delighted to crown 
 with a brilliancy which will never fail to crradiate the au~ 
 of American warfare. 
 
SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 EolLon. 
 
 John Carver, 3d. John Churchill, Abijah Markhani, 
 Josiah Fox, Win. W. Gampbell,Robert M'Cleve, 
 
 Richard Penhollow>Daniel Cheney, 6. ElishaNiles, 
 
 Bridgeport. Peter Cachchran, 
 
 W. H. Jesup John Carr, 
 
 Ephraim Kamp. Harvy Cornwall, 
 
 Branford. Thomas Child, 
 
 Mason Hobart, Ichabod Cook, 
 
 W. R. Johnson, Jesse Clark, 
 
 Orin D. Squire. Orin Chapman, 
 
 Berlin. Oliver Clark, 
 
 E. Brandegee, jr. Sally Dixon, 
 
 Daniel 5. Curtis, Silas Eddy, 
 John Goodrich, jr. 
 Lines Hubbard. 
 
 Bristol 
 
 Isaac Hinsdale, 
 
 Nathan Wildrnan, Russell Gates, 
 Daniel Wildman, jr.Giles Gardner, 
 
 Bridgeport. Ansel Hurlburt, 
 
 Ephraim Knap. Russell Hills, 
 
 Canterbury. Samuel Hall, 
 
 James Aspenwall. Jesse Hall, 
 
 Canaan. D. B. Holister, 
 Ebenezer PomeroyJessee Hurd,jr. 
 
 Chatfiam. N. Hauselkuse, 
 George Bell, 
 George Bidwell, 
 Chauncey Beach, 
 Samuel Buck, 
 
 Enos Potter, 
 Abner Post, 
 Robert Patent, 
 Agift Pease, 
 Reuben Ranney, 
 Joseph Ranney, 
 Stephen Qanney, 
 Joel Randell, 
 Huntington Selden 3 
 George Satliffs, 
 
 Jeremiah Goodrich.Abel Shepard, jr. 
 Joseph Coodrich, James Stanlift, 
 Willard Cladding, 
 Nathan Gillum, 
 
 Enos Brainard, 
 William Case, 
 Erick Cornwall, 
 
 Chauncey Hills, 
 Joel Jones, 
 Joel Jacobs, 
 William Kellogg, 
 John Kay, 
 M P. Marther, 
 Charles Munn, 
 Hh 
 
 Benjamin Sherman, 
 James Stewart, 
 Richard M. Smith, 
 Joseph Wells, 
 Runey Wetherill, 
 Jabez Williams, 
 David Wyllys. 
 Ellington. 
 Arckluss Fetcher, 
 
 Enfold. 
 
 Moses V/. Beckley, 
 James M. Chester, 
 Elisha Halton, 
 John King, 
 Asa Meacham, 
 Abial Pease, 
 R. &- L. Parseas 
 
374 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Joseph Smith, 
 Franklin Shaylor, 
 Samuel Veits, 
 John Wilson, jr. 
 Samuel Woodruff, 
 Charles Washburn. 
 
 Horace Pease Emily Holister, 
 Samuel Pease 3 Zeiel Howss, 
 Luther Pease, Joseph Hilbourn, 
 J. L. Reynolds, Abel Lewis, 
 Abiel Terry David Lovelands, 
 
 Mathew Miller jr. 
 
 Farmington. Benjamiu Moseley, Groton. 
 Jonathan Barnes, Joseph Mitchell Asa L. Avery, 
 Augustus Bidwell, Isaac Olcott, 
 NoadiahBird, Natnaniel Porter, 
 E. Cowles, & Co. Joel Porter, 
 
 David Pease, 
 
 B. Risley,2d. 
 
 Christopher Avery, 
 John Barber, 
 Noyes Barber, 
 Elijah Baily, 
 Franklin Burdick, 
 Alfred Baily, 
 Nat. G. Chipman, 
 Elisha Chester, 
 John Hudson, 
 
 James K. Camp, 
 
 Jonathan Cowles, 
 
 Chauncey Deming, James Robinson, 
 
 Eben Felid, William Smith, 
 
 George B. Gleason,Samuel Sellew, 
 
 Alfred Hull, Jedediah Smith, 
 
 Jeremiah Humason,BenjaminB. Smith,Alvert Latham, 
 
 Benjamin Lali more,Elisha Stocking, Daniel Latham, 
 
 Porter &, Norton, Zadock Stocking, 
 
 Noah L Phelps, Mary Stratton, 
 
 Alford Rose, Walter Stevens, 
 
 Sylvester Shephard,Rachel Treat, 
 
 William Standley, David Taylor, 
 
 Pomroy Strong, Nancy Taylor, 
 
 Chauncey Sweet, Jesse Vibbert, 
 
 &lasie,nbury. 
 Justus Blin, 
 John Case, 
 Chauncey Dudley, John Wheat 
 
 Benjamin Ellis, 
 Israel Fox, 
 Israel Croodrich, 
 Jesse Gains, 
 EHsha Hale, 
 Gideon Hale, 
 Ebenezer Hale, 
 Timothy Hale, 
 Jehid Hale, 
 Thomas Hale, 
 Alvin Hunt, 
 Elijah Holister, 
 
 David Mitchill, 
 Hery Niles, 
 Luke Perkins, 
 Christopher White, 
 S. S. Walworth. 
 
 Guilford. 
 George Bassett, 
 
 Elnathan Wheelor, Thomas Burgis, 
 Joseph Whitney, Heman Coe, & Co. 
 Calven Whitney, Darius Crampton, 
 Jonathan Crampton, 
 Usher Conklin, 
 Phineas Andrus, 2. Darius Coe, 
 Robert Church, Ralph I. Chittenden 
 Peter Drown, John R. Chittenden, 
 
 James H. Halcomb,Charles A. Dodd, 
 John F. Halcomb, Wm. G. Frazier, 
 Luke Field, 2d. 
 Curtis Fairchild, 
 Alvah B. Goldsmith 
 Stephen Griswold, 
 
 Erastus Halcomb, 
 James Lewis, 6. 
 Pliny Newton, 
 Nathaniel Prits, 
 Allen Robbins, 
 Nathaniel Sotey, 
 
 Eber Hotchkiss. 
 Jesse Jay, 
 
CONNECTICUT. 
 
 375 
 
 JJHsha Parmelee, George Benton, 2d. Charles Dodcl, 
 Harrey Parmelee, Francis Bancroft, Thomas Dodd, 
 Rosseter Parmelee 5 Jason Bunce, Joseph Day, 
 
 Horace Peck, Nehemiah Bryant, Enoch Dewey, 
 
 Martin Page, Jonathan Butler, 2d.John Durrie, 
 
 Russell Spencer, Benjamin Bishop, Moses Dorr, 
 Timothy Stone, Sd.Zenas Brace, 
 Taber Smith, John Brag, 
 
 David Woodward, William Benham, 
 Ozias Whedon, Giles Barnes, 
 Agur Wildman, Wm. Balch, 
 Chapman Warner, Tymothy Bryant, 
 Hartford. John Bowles, 2d. 
 Augustus Averill, 
 John Anderson, 
 
 Tim. Anderson, jr. S. W. Candee, 
 Augustus Andrus, Thomas Chester, 
 Samuel Atkins, John Caldweli, 
 Ally n Bacon, E Colt, 
 
 Jonathan Brace, E. P. Corning, 
 
 George Collier, 
 
 Clarisa Clark, 
 
 George Catlin, 
 
 Leonard Curtis, 
 
 Shubael Corning, 
 
 Daniel Dewey, 
 B B. Dimmock, 
 Joseph Daliiby, 
 Alenson Elmer, 
 Hannah Ervin, 
 Samuel M Eluiore, 
 Joseph Elmore, jr. 
 Abel Flint, 
 
 Charles J. Cone, 
 
 Freeman Crecker, Asa Farewell, 
 
 Luther Freeman, 
 Horace Ferry, 
 Chloe Filly, 
 Edmund Ferry, 
 George Flagg, 
 John Flagg, 
 Ebenzer Faxon, 
 Elias Frink, 
 Thomas Faxon, 
 John Fitts, 
 James W. Graham, 
 Jeremiah Graves, 
 John M. Gannet, 
 George Goodwin, 
 S. F. Griswold, 
 R. E. Goodwin, 
 George Goodwirf(jr. 
 James Geer, 
 Joseph Gilbert, 
 Samuel Galpin, 
 James Goodwin, 
 Aaron Goodman, 
 
 Edw. S. Bellamy, William Chapman, Edwin Gaylord, 
 Levi Bunce, Timothy Chapin Benjamin Gilbert, 
 
 Catherine Bigelow, Phips Deming, Moses Goodwin, 
 Ebenezer Bryant, Enos Doolittle, Solomon Goodrich. 
 Jedeiiah Bingham 3 Theron Deming, John Goodwin, 2d. 
 
 I. D. Bull, 
 
 Grin Beckly, 
 
 Dudly Buck, 
 
 Jeremiah Brown, 
 
 Daniel Bunce, jr. 
 
 Joshua P. Burnhaih George Corning, 
 
 Joseph Belden, Asher Coe, 
 
 Rufus Bunce, 
 
 George Barnard, 
 
 Wm. H. Brace, 
 
 Charles Bacon, 
 
 J. & I. Bolles, 
 
 Joseph Bunce, 
 
 AlbroA. Bradly, 
 
 George Bacon, 
 
 Samuel Butler, 
 
 Henry Corning, 
 H. Child, 
 Whiting Clark, 
 Roswcll Curtis, 
 Joel Carter, jr. 
 William Corning, 
 M. F. Cogswell, 
 Barna Collins, 
 Roderic Colton, 
 Horace Be^kwrth, Cook & Church, 
 
376 
 
 3TT3SC RISERS 
 
 Asa Goodwin, Jesse Lyman, 
 Wait Griswold, Joseph Lynde, 
 H. Hudson, Elijah Loomis, 
 
 James B. Hosmer, Wm. Mosely, 
 Philo Hilly er, Daniel Miller, 
 Horatio G. Hale. Nathan Morgan, 
 H. A. Huntington, Sidney Merrill, 
 J. Hempsted, jr. Eber Moore, 
 Asa Hopkins, Uzal Miner, 
 
 Daniel Hophins, David W. Moor, 
 Lemuel Hurlburt, Adonijah Moody, 
 Minor Hillard, William B. May, 
 Robart Harris, Elisha Mix, 
 James D. Hurlburt ; G. W. Maynard, 
 Noah Humphrey, Henry Mires, 
 Daniel Hinsdale, jr.Samuel Mix, 
 Nathan Johnson, John Mars Si, jr. 
 
 Horace Seymour. 
 Samuel Slater, 
 Robart Silcock, 
 Heppy Steele, 
 Melisa Sikes 
 Seth Swetser, 
 S. H. Stocking, 
 John Spencer, 
 Stephen Spencer, 
 C. Seymour, 
 John Jmith, 
 S. H. Spencer, 
 Daniel Stedman, 
 Roderick Seymour, 
 Homas Stire, 
 W. Stephenson, 
 Russell Skinner, 
 
 Silas W. Johnson, Sylvester H. Mills, John Steele, 
 
 EliJohnson, 
 Davis Johnson, 
 Elihu Johnson, 
 Alfred Janes, 
 Henry Johnson, 
 Abner Jones, 
 Webster &, John- 
 son, 
 
 Milton Jennings, 
 John M. Johnson, 
 Charles Jabine, 
 A. Kings bury, 
 
 George L. Meigs, Richard Shepard, 
 John Notr, Asa Smith, 
 
 Frederick Oaks, Amureth Smith, 
 Francis L. OImsted,Lucius Shepard, 
 
 T. W. Putnam, 
 
 Jesse Porter, 
 
 N. A. Phelps, jr. 
 
 Joseph Pratt jr. 
 
 Eleazer Porter, 
 
 Lyman Parsons, 
 
 Elijah Purchase, 
 
 George J. Patten, 
 
 Samuel Kellogg jr. Sylvester W. Ri!ey,Romanta Seymour, 
 David Knox, Russell Robbins, 6 Theodore Spencer, 
 
 Samuel Steele, 
 John Sheffield, 
 
 Ephraim Root, Jona. Sheffield, 
 
 Chandler Rose, 
 
 Lewis Roberson. 
 
 Chester Seymour, 
 Lucy Steele, 
 Tim. Sedgwick, jr. 
 Ruth Sedgwick, 
 Ethan Smith, 
 Wm. Stedman, 
 Eben'r. Sedgwick, 
 John Steele,' 2d. 
 
 Norman Knox, Seth Richards, 
 Eliazar Kingshary, Mervin Rick, 
 
 Anscn Kellogg, 
 S. S. Kennedy, 
 No rib Libra, W 
 
 Hartford, 
 Cyprian Lee, 
 Jonathan Law, 
 
 Joseph TrumbuH, 
 Seth Terry, 
 
 Frederick Robbins, Russell Talcott, 
 I. L. Skiner, John Thomas, 
 
 Jared Scarborough, A mon Thrasher, 
 Simeon L. Loomis,lsrael Stocking, Horace Taylor, 
 Tthabod Lyinan, Michad Sbepard, IVrn. Tinker, 
 
CONNECTICUT. 
 
 377 
 
 Pierpont Hollister, David Croweley, 
 Wm. Jones, Julius Church, 
 
 Chester Lyman, John Cook, 
 Amariah Miller, C. C. Gates, 
 Normand Olinsted. Mathan L. Foster, 
 Phmehas Gates, jr. 
 Jonah Gates, 
 Darius Gates, 
 Wm. Hall, 
 Elisha Johnson, 
 Sylvanus Lindsley, 
 Thomas Mosely, 
 
 Moses Tryon, 
 
 Nathan Tinker, 
 
 Diodat Taylor, 
 
 Fredus Vanhorn, 
 
 James Wells, 
 
 Daniel Wadsvvorth, Job Porter, 
 
 J. R. Woodbridge, Joseph Perry, 
 
 Spencer Whiting, George Rich, 
 
 David Waikinson, Samuel Riley, 
 
 George White, Elisha Risley, 
 
 Erastus Wheeler, Stephen Simonds, 
 
 Fred'k. Wadsworth,Reuben Stedman, 
 
 Robert Waterman, Haddani. 
 
 James S. Wickham,David Bonfrey, 
 
 James H. Welles, Samuel Colton, 
 
 Harry Winship, J &c S Huntington, 6Wm. Glrnsted, 
 
 James Winship, Ezra Kelcey, Wm. Palmer, 
 
 Ashbel Wells, Rinus Parmelee, 12. Asa Smith, 
 
 Joseph Whiting, jr. Selden Skinner, Daniel M. Seely, 
 
 John Whitman, Samuel Spencer, 
 
 Elisha Wells, jr. East-Haddam f 
 
 Dyer White, Jehiel Amabie, 
 
 Joseph Webster, Elijah Ackley, jr. 
 Charles Atwood, 
 D. C. Blakeslee, 
 Horace Balden, 
 Jesse Bigelow, 
 Jos. Brainard, 
 Oliver Brainerd, 
 Joseph Brainerd, 6. Andrew Hopkins, 
 
 Matthew G. BackusNoah Bulkeley, Adna Johnson, 
 
 Chauncey Bryant, Robert B ChapmanNathan Kingsbury, 
 Newel Cone, Martin Leonard, 
 
 Sylvester CiiapmanLaac Newell, 
 Robert D. Cone, Benjamin Smith, 
 Reuben Champion, Jacob Whiting, 
 Wm. Church. 6. Hampton, 
 
 Dan Chadwick, Roswell Bill, 
 Grin Chapman, 6. Simeon Burnhanr, 
 Asa Chapman, 
 William Church, 
 G. L. Chapman, 
 
 John Weaver 
 Lemuel White 
 
 East-Hartford. 
 Samuel F. Allen, 
 Daniel Bidwell, 
 Walter Burt, 
 Betsy Butler, 
 
 George Morgan, 
 John Marshall, 
 Cephas Niles, 
 
 Sylvanus Tinker, 
 Amasa Warner, 
 Aaron Watson, 
 
 Hamden. 
 Levi Balding, 
 Joseph Ball, 
 Jotham FentoDj 
 Lyman Ford, 
 Aaron Fuller, 
 Major Goods el!, 
 
 Eli Cheney, 
 Stephen Cowles, 
 Catherine Cullio, 
 Elijah Dewey, 
 Chester Drake, 
 Eli Evens, 
 Justin Easton, jr. 
 Uart Forbs, 
 Wm. Fuller, 
 Rhoda Green, 
 Fpaphras Hills, 
 
 Nathan U. Clark, 
 Jonathan Clark, 
 David Simons, 
 
373 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 KiUingmorth. 
 John E. Bray, 
 Hubbard Bradley, 
 Henry Brown, 
 Elias Bushnell. 
 Benjamin Dewolf, 
 James Farnarn, 
 James N. Griffin 
 Joshua Gladding, 
 Joseph Hillard, 
 Oliver Hull, 
 Isaac Redfield, 6. 
 David Rossetter, 
 Wm. Willcox, 
 John Waterhouse, 
 
 Lebanon. 
 Peter C. Brown, 
 Roxana Lathrop, 
 Denison Wattles, jr 
 
 Lisbon. 
 John Cady, 
 Waterman Hyde, 
 Harriot Morgan, 
 James Stelson, 
 Freeman Tracy, 
 Thomas C. Wilber, 
 
 Lilchfield. 
 Linn an Agard, 
 Harry Buckley, 
 Almon Baldwin, 
 Lewis Beecker, 
 Srastus Bradley, 
 John Cunningham, 
 John Churchill, jr. 
 Ban. Huntington, jr 
 C. Hotchkiss, 
 Freeman Kiiborn, 
 Isaac Marsh, 
 Zenas Neal, 
 Elias M'Neal, 
 David Perry, 
 Virgil Peck, jr. 
 
 Wm. Re\v, 
 
 Lewis Stone, 
 Wm. Smith, 
 Amzy Smith, 
 Wm. Ward, jr. 
 R. L. Whaples. 
 
 Longmeadow* 
 Saben Burt, 6. 
 John Burt, 
 Gaius Bliss, 
 Daniel Barker, 
 Levi Baker, 
 Chauncey Bliss, 
 Levi Case, 
 G & W. Colton, 
 Demas Colton, 
 Jesse Cady, 
 Caleb Cooley, 
 Simon Colton, 
 Isaac Caskins, 
 Elijah Field, 
 I. & D. Gates, 
 Stephen Keep, 
 
 Merridcti. 
 Isaac I. Hough, 
 Middletorcn. 
 Elisha Austen, 
 Ichabod Avery, 
 Nathan S. AngelJ, 
 JFilliam Beecher, 
 Butler B. Belden, 
 Samuel Boardman, 
 Asahel C. Bates, 
 O. D. Beebe, 
 Charles Brewer, 
 William Bishop, 
 Manoah Brace, 
 Eleazer Badger, 
 Elizur Barnes, 
 Elijah Bemiss, 
 Louden Bailey, jr,. 
 John Bound, 
 W. R. Beach, 
 John Butler, 
 C. Beebe, 
 Abraham Brown, 
 Lewis Clark, 
 
 Amos Parker, 
 
 Samuel C. StebbinsOlivcr Cook, 
 Levi E. Taylor, John Church, 
 Walter White, 
 
 Li/me. 
 
 James Maynard, 
 Gilbert Smith, 6. 
 Marlborough. 
 Otis Alvord, 
 Ira Culver, 
 Joseph Carrier, 
 .H W. Fanning, 
 Roger Eoote, 
 Asa Foote, 
 Allen House, 
 
 Mansfield. 
 John Anderson, 
 Aaron J-ines, 
 
 Stephen Crittenton, 
 Giles Cone, 
 Alfred Cone, 
 Samuel Cotton, 
 Thomas Child, jr. 
 Joseph Crandall, jr. 
 Calvin Cornwell, 
 Samuel Cooper, 
 Elihu Cotton Jr. 
 George Durrie, 
 Eleazer Doud, 
 Oliver C Denslow, 
 Richard Dillan, 
 Franklin Deming, 
 
 Abel Edwards, 
 Marvin Shumway, Cyprian Galpin, 
 
CONNECTICUT. 
 
 379 
 
 Samuel Gay lord, John S. Sumner, Oliver Overtoil, 
 William Gaylord, Arnbros Seymour, Silas Oviath, 
 
 Benjamin Graves, Edwin Smith, Samuel Peck jr. 
 
 Ashly Gibbs, Quartus Smith, Michael Peck, 3d. 
 
 Benjamin Hull, Daniel H. Smith. Ebenezer Sturges, 6 
 
 Samuel Humphrey ,Amasa Savage, Daved Stoughton, 
 
 I. B. Johnson, Aaron R. Savage, Mary Stow, 
 Jesse Savage, 
 
 William Jones, 
 
 Jehiel Johnson, 
 
 Stebbins Johnson, 
 
 John Lees, 
 
 William Little, 
 
 Samuel Landers, 
 
 Noah Lucas, 
 
 Isaac Matoon, 
 
 Henry S. Nichols, John Warner, 
 
 Nathaniel Newbury,Isaac Warner, 
 
 Wm. Strong, 
 
 Ashbel Post, 
 John Pran, 
 James Parcells, 
 John Phillips, 
 E. M. Pomeroy, 
 Charles Penfield, 
 Barnni Plume, 
 William Rainy, 
 
 Jacob Thompson, Joseph Whiting, jr. 
 Samuel Trask, J. Whiting, 
 Walter Woodworth, Montvitte. 
 Asa White, Josiah L. Baker, 
 
 Thomas White, Samuel Comstock, 
 Jacob White, 2d. W. W. Haughten, 
 William B. Hart, G.George G. Lathner 3 
 Caleb Mapels, 
 Betsey Ransorc, 
 David Turner, 
 Nem-Havm. 
 William C.Atwater, 
 Moses Bleecher, jr. 
 Isaac Bassett, 
 
 Samuel Young, 
 Milford. 
 
 Philip jBull, 
 
 S. JSurkingh^m, 
 
 Lyman Bradley, 
 
 David L, .Baldwin, Lemon Chatfield, 
 
 I. .Bull, Joseph N. Clark, 
 
 Wm. Bush, Joel Cook, 
 
 Samuel W. Russell,F. Coggshal}, Samuel Chapman^ 
 
 Phineas Roberts. Amanda Davidson, Solomon Davis, 
 Noadiah Rockwell, Mason A. Durand, Julius Darrow, 
 Richard Rand, Francis M. French, James English, 
 T. Richardson, Wm. H. Fowler, Aaron English, 
 Horace Stocking, Samuel B. Gunc, 
 William Stonard,2dStephea Hooker, 
 
 A. Savage jr. 
 John S. Sage, 
 Jabc '. Straiton, 
 liv r Smith, 
 Asa cage 
 W. R. Swatiiel, 
 Benjamin SueKs, 
 
 John Hepburn jr. 
 Noah Kelsey, 
 
 .^f-kw^od, 
 Wm. 1 ' 
 David ^lills, 
 Binajah Mallery, 
 ^nson Merwiu, 
 
 Alpheus Shumway.John j, Minor, 6. 
 John H. Sumner, Miles, Strong & 
 
 James P. Starr, 
 
 Miles, 
 
 Waterman Eddy, 
 Nehemiah B Fisher s 
 Ebenezer Fisher, 
 Miles Gorham, jr. 
 C. Hequembourg jr. 
 
 -Hall, 
 
 Gorham ..&, linker, 
 :^1 Hotchkiss, 
 Stephen Hiue, 
 Wyllys H'.tchkiss 
 John Hubbard, 
 
 6. George 
 
380 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 Joshua M'Kee, John French, 
 
 Ransom Lines, John Ferguson, jr. 
 
 Shubel Lines John A Fulton, 
 
 Zadok Mack, Joshua Holt, 
 
 William Mansfield, Wyllys Hall, 
 
 Budington &, Polly, Orlando Hailam, 
 
 William Peckham, Nathan Howell, 
 
 Stephen S. Porter, Thomas Hempsted.Samuel White, 
 
 Egbert D. Peck, J, Heinpsted, d. Nancy JFilliams, 
 
 Aaron S. Raymond,David Harris, 
 
 Eice, Stone, & Co. Colby C Holms, 
 
 Edrnond Smith, George I. Jewett, 
 
 Ebenezer Thayer, Chester Kimball, 
 
 William Walter jr. Gurdon Kimball, 
 
 New London. Chester Kimball, jr Ammon Benedict, 
 Enos Ayres, Daniel Keeney, 3d. Levi Clinton, 
 
 David Adams, jr. Wm. Lax, Thomas Fitch, 
 
 Harrinton Austin. Asa Lay, Samuel R. Gibbs, 
 
 Jeremiah Brairard, Thomas Luvin, John W. Hanford, 
 Charles Butler, Hustin Lewis, Stephen Johnson, 
 
 Chauncey Butler, E. L Man warring, Joseph Keeler, 
 
 Richard Savage, 
 Joseph Sistare, 
 Asa Spencer, 
 Renry P. Taber, 
 Isaac Thomson, 2d. 
 Benjain Turpin, 
 Thomas Williams, 
 
 Joseph FFilliams, 
 Joshua M. Young, 
 Wm. Young, 
 
 Norwalk. 
 A. &.N. Beers, S. 
 
 Wm. Butter, 
 
 Alanson Miller, 
 
 William Lockwood, 
 
 L..H Bulkeley, 
 
 John Maniene, 
 
 Alfred Malleery, 
 
 John O'Brine, 
 
 E. P Miner, 
 
 Benjamin St. John, 
 
 Hubbil Brooks, 
 
 EHsha Miller, 
 
 Norwich. 
 
 Amos Baldwin, 
 
 Amasa Miller, 6. 
 
 Timothy Andrews, 
 
 C. Baldwin jr. 2. 
 
 John Mason, 2d. 
 
 Wm. Aibertson, 
 
 Samuel Coit, 2d. 
 
 N. Otis, 
 
 Samuel Allen, 
 
 Alfred Chester, 
 
 Joshua Potter, 
 
 Gurdon Armstrong, 
 
 Wm. C Coster, 
 
 Jarnes Pettera, 
 
 L. Armstrong, 
 
 Wm. H. Clark, 
 
 Alfred Pember, 
 
 Jabez Armstrong, jr 
 
 Elihu Crocker, 
 
 David Prentis, 
 
 Oliver Avery, 
 
 Josiah Clarke,jr. 
 
 Kirnbell Prince, 
 
 Giles Buckingham, 
 
 Charles Cobb, 
 
 Henry Roberts, 
 
 Seabury Brewster, 
 
 John Coit, 
 
 C h arl es JR.ee d,r 
 
 TTm. C. /?oon, 
 
 Samuel Coit, 
 
 Zeoha: Risfcy/ 
 
 Eleazer Bushnell, 
 
 I Cr^Mr 
 
 John Robp^-tson, 
 
 John D Brown, 
 
 -lames Dennison, 
 
 Zebadiah Rodgers, 
 
 Thomas Burnham, 
 
 Pt,,.--;\i UaiTOW, 
 
 Jormthan Starr, jr. 
 
 Simon Backus, 
 
 George Destin, 
 
 Nath. Saltonstall, 
 
 Charles I^urdick, 
 
 Charles Dart, 
 
 J. B. Sheffield, 
 
 Jarnes N. Barber, 
 
 . Prink, Wm. Stolkjuan, Join* Backus, 
 
381 
 
 Oliver Batfy, 
 James F. jBrown, 
 Eraslus Coit, 
 Joseph Chester, 
 Horace Colton, 
 
 Phileman Havens, John 
 Gilbert Huntington, B. P. battles, 
 Edward Harland, Joseph William?, 
 George D. Harris, Caleb Woodworth, 
 Philip Huntington, Henry Ward, 
 
 Thomas Cowdrey, Ebenezer Hyde, jr. John Yale, 
 
 Vine Hovey, Theophilus Yale> 
 
 Nathl. Henrick, Plainfield. 
 
 Eben'r. Hempsted, Wm. Bliss, 
 James Huntington, John Bastholic, 
 Shubael Hibbard, Silas Bailey, jr. 
 Park Lucas, John Cleveland, 
 
 Ebedezer Latham, Oliver Coats, 
 Jacob Lumbard, Rufus Davison r 
 ?/Iathew LeffingwellJoel Dimmock, 
 
 a. Clegg. 
 
 H. L. Champlin, 
 Wm: Collyhan, 
 George W. Clark, 
 John Cox, 
 I. P. Chapman, 
 Wm. Chip man, 
 I. R. Corns tock, 
 Wm. Chapman, 
 Samuel Case, 
 Samuel Charleton, Daniel Leach, 
 Abner Crawley, Simon Lathrop, 
 Ann Calkins, 
 Daniel A Cary, 
 Jedediah Corning, 
 I. Caswold, 
 I. F. Coney, 
 Mecijah Davis, 
 Hannah Dunham, 
 G. W. Daniels, 
 Gilbert Denison, 
 Joshua Davis, 
 
 Elias Lord, 
 
 Leonard Lamb, 
 Lura Larcumb, 
 Abel Malison, 
 Thos. Marshall, jr. 
 Samuel Manning, 
 James Maples, 
 John Nichols, 
 Betsy Newbiny, 
 L. M. Rockwell, 
 Dyar Raymond, 
 
 Derutha Edgerton, Joseph Rogers, 
 
 Gurdon Edgerton, Henry Reonalds, 
 
 Wm. Edgerton, 
 
 James Fowler, 
 
 James Peliraore, 
 
 George Gilbert, 
 
 Thomas Gavit, 
 
 Asa Gavit, 
 
 Daniel D. Gifford, 
 
 Wilber Eldrid, 
 Nathaniel French, 
 Arnold Fenner, 
 Win. Hopkins, 
 Allen Harris, 
 Wm. Harris, 
 Samuel Hartshorn, 
 Reuben Jepherson r 
 John Lester, 6. 
 John Mash, 
 Henry C. Miller, 
 Gideon Moury, 
 James Ormsbee, 
 Ransom Perkins, 
 Sanford Pearce, 
 N. C. Pearce, 
 
 Samuel Story, jr. 
 
 Joseph Streamback,Chester Park,- 
 
 Charles Sherman, John Paine, 
 
 Roger Smith, 
 
 Nathan Story, 
 
 Caleb Snell, 
 
 Nathaniel Tray, 
 
 Charles Godell, Albert Turney, 
 Judah Hart, Cary Throop, 
 
 Ephraim Harris, Simond Thomas, SdKarvey Bhepardj 
 Felix A. HuntingtonErastus Torrey, Daniel Wilcox, 
 Elijah Herick; David Taber, Bennet Wheeler, 
 
 Daniel Read, 
 Joseph Robertson, 
 Isaac Smith, 
 Waterman Shepard 
 Wm. Stewart, 
 Reuben Scott, 
 
sea 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS NA3M3S* 
 
 Brownel WilkinsonTitus Seymour 
 
 Pomfret. L. Smith. 
 
 Daniel Perrin, jr. 6. Warren. 
 
 Gurdon Robinson, 6 David Hopkins. 
 Preston . Say brook. 
 
 Abraham S. Avary,John Bull, 
 Erastus Bailey, Daniel Bates, 
 Lyman Bacon, Levi Buckingham, Gyres Bates 
 Haddeus C. Brace, Eben'r Bushnell, 2dGurdon Bailey 
 
 David Williams, 3<f 
 Charles Whittlesey, 
 
 Somers. 
 Noah Bulkley, 
 Vashni Hall 
 
 Sterling. 
 Wheaton Bailey 
 
 Henry Baker, 
 N. C. Bowen, 
 
 Chester Butts, Wm Crane, 
 
 Weden Clark jr. Bani Denison, 
 
 John Corning, Sprague G Fish, 
 
 John Clapp, Ezekiel Glover, 
 
 Leonard Edwards, Richard Hayden, 
 
 Frederick Fanning, Wm. B. Hayden, 
 
 Jabez Bushnell, Nathan Bench! us 
 Gameliel Conklin, Elias Blanchard 
 
 William Field, 
 Asa W. Fanning, 
 Bamutl Green, 
 Clark Kinney, 
 John Keigwin, 6. 
 Leonard Kegg, 
 Phineas Money, 
 Robart Money, 
 John Packer, 
 Henry Palmer, 
 James Read, 2d. 
 Joseph Simons, 
 Russel Starke, 
 John L Spencer, 
 John Scholfield; 
 George Skinner, 
 Ezra M Spa Wing, 
 Randolph Tailor, 
 Giles B. Tanner, 
 
 Samuel Filbur 
 Stephen G. Feld 
 George S. Seymour 
 Nathan Wilbour 
 G A. Whitman 
 
 Suffield. 
 
 Thomas Archer, jr; 
 Stephen Adams, 
 Shelden Bement, 
 George Bradley, 
 Justin Granger 
 Horace Hosmer 
 Joseph Harris 
 
 Newton TourtellattsCharles Tiley, 
 Miner Walden Oliver Willson, 
 John S Williams 
 
 Plymouth. 
 Bela Biakeslee 
 Leveritt Bishop 
 
 Elihu Ingham, 
 
 Samuel Loomis, 
 
 W. Latimer, 
 
 E. S. Marther, 
 
 Jesse Murray, 
 
 Asa Pratt, 
 
 Sely Post, 
 
 Farnham Parma!ee,Christopher Jones 
 
 Lines' R. Pratt, Jonah King, jr. 
 
 Humphrey Pratt, Amos Sikes 
 
 George Read, Chauncey Stiles, jr. 
 
 Aaron Stevens, Warren. 
 
 G. Southworth, 2d. David Hopkins 
 
 Noah Scovelly Waterford. 
 
 Felix Starkey, D. G. Otis. 
 
 Alpheus Starkey, V/aterlown. 
 
 George Spencer, Andrew Bryan. 
 
 Daniel Spencer, Weikersfietd. 
 
 Noah Starkey, David Aledes 
 Samuel Bull 
 John Bulkley 
 Richard Bunce 
 Simeon Butler 
 
 Ezra Williams, 
 Erastus Williams, 
 Richard Williams, 
 
 John Boardmaa 
 
 A. P. Williams, 2d.Hosea Blirni, jr. 
 
CONNECTICUT. 
 
 383 
 
 John Butler George Rhodes 
 
 Wm. Blinn Henry Robbins 
 
 Levi Blinn Allen Riley 
 
 Joseph Buckley Eben'r. Stillman 
 Frederick Buckley James Treat 
 Allen Belden Timothy Wright 
 
 Thomas Warner 
 Chester Wells 
 Thomas Wells 
 Leonard Wells 
 
 Abraham Crane, 
 
 Elisha Coleman 
 
 Simeon Churchill, 
 
 Timothy Clarke 
 
 Wm. Coney, 
 
 Joseph Dimmock 
 
 Luke Fortune 
 
 Harvey Dickerson Sherman Wells 
 
 Samuel Dimmoek Wells Warner 
 
 Daniel. Francis 
 
 Ira Fortune 
 
 Simeon Francis 
 
 Jas. Francis 
 
 Mathew Francis 
 
 Daniel Fuller 
 
 Eleazer Goodrich 
 
 Oliver Goodrich 
 
 Jesse Goodrich 
 
 Joshua Goodrich 
 
 Israel Goodrich 
 
 Levi Goodrich 
 
 Horace Wells 
 Henry Wells 
 Joseph Wells 
 
 Elisha Woolcott, 
 
 Windsor. 
 Wm. T. Allyn 
 J. H. Andrews 
 Joseph S. Avery 
 Wm. S. Benton 
 Daniel Barker 
 Richard Butler 
 Philip Barnes 
 Jerijah Barber 
 Hooker Clark 
 
 Wm. Hayden 
 Benjamin Harget 
 Dyer Harris 
 Eli Hoskins 
 Amos Hatheway 
 Lyman Loomis 
 Ira Loomis 
 
 D. Lawrence jr. 
 2d. Joshua Latham 
 
 Allyn M. Marther, 6 
 Naum Moor jr. 
 P. Newton jr. 
 Richard Niles 
 Win. Porter 
 
 E. Palmer 
 Benjamin Palmer 
 Alvey Rowland 
 Oliver Strong 
 JRichard G. Smith 
 Hylus Stiles 
 Abner Squire jr. 
 T. B. Strickland 
 Chester Soper 
 Henry L. Soper 
 Walter Warner 
 Elijah Wridge 
 Locmis Warner 
 Barnabas Whiting 
 
 Grove Clark 
 
 James Griswoid, 2d. Zophar Case 
 
 Thomas Griswoid Theodore Caldwell Heeekiah Wells 
 George Gi iswold, 2dSamuel Colton, jr. Moses Wilson 
 Moses Griswoid David Drake, jr. Ebenezer Young 
 Geerge Hills Bildad Drake, East-Windsor. 
 
 John Harris Lemuel Drake Barber Allen 
 
 Samuel Harrison Martin Denslow, jr.George B. Atwell 
 Moses Hurlburt Israel Dible Asa Bow 
 
 Uzziel Havens Giles Els worth John Brown 
 Levi Hatch Pitts Fuller John Bates 
 
 Frederic Hale Abiel B. Griswold Rufus Chafee 
 Jesse M'Intire Wm. Griswoid Jesse Charlton 
 Lyman North Henry Halsoy Charles Cooley 
 Henry Olmsted Henry Hosmer Daniel French 
 Richard Price Anson B. Hayden Norman Fish 
 
NAMES, 
 
 Stillman Blake 
 David Cutting 
 Wheton Cozzens 
 Apollus Cusbman 
 John Draper, jr. 
 Ellihu Daggett, jr. 
 SO. Draper 
 Ira Draper 
 Ebenezer Draper 
 
 Henry Gil man 
 Epaphras Grant 
 Dalvin Gibbs 
 Nicholas Gardner 
 Camel Gardner 
 Joel Holkin, 6. 
 Eli B. Haskall 
 Charles Jenks 
 Bishop Johnson 
 
 John C. Kingsbury Thomas French 
 Luke Loomis Joab Fuller 
 
 Stodard Lord Israel Hatch 
 
 Elijah Lathrop Leprilete Hunt 
 Chauncey Munsell Eiias Ingrahani 
 Samuel More 
 Wm. Parsons 
 P. Parsons 
 Daniel Phelps 
 Augustus Prior 
 James Pelton 
 Martin Rockwell 
 Elijah F. Reed, 2d. John Richardson 
 Curtis Skinner John R. Robinson 
 Wm. M. Strong 
 Wareham Strong 
 Noah Smith, 6. 
 David S tough ton 
 Ashbel Trenton 
 Anson Thomson 
 Silas Wells 
 James Watson 
 James Whipple 
 MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Mleb&rougk. 
 John Alexander 
 Benj. Balkcom 
 Daniel Babcock 
 Jesse Brown 
 Darius Briggs, jr. 
 
 Elijah Ingraham 
 
 Joseph Lang 
 
 Lemuel May 
 
 Thomas C. Martin Daniel Lyman 
 
 A. Richardson, jr, Joel Parsons, jr. 
 
 Edward Richardsonlchabod Wright 
 
 Hoel Smfth 
 BrimfieM. 
 
 Samuel Patten 
 Dedhavn. 
 
 Paul Ellis 
 
 Dighton. 
 
 Hezekiah Anthony 
 
 Smith Capron, 6. 
 
 Samuel Williams 
 East-Hampton. 
 
 Samuel Bartiett 
 
 Solomon Clarke 
 
 James Clapp 
 
 Uriel Clark 
 
 Solomon Ferry 
 
 Obadiah lanes, 2d. 
 
 Justis Lyman 
 
 Otis Robinson 
 
 Andrus Bowen 
 B. M. Brown 
 
 Ezekiel Robinson 
 Amos Sweet 
 Samuel Tingley 
 Joseph Witherell 
 Eaton Whiting 
 Bellingham. 
 Truman Clark 
 Tyler Daniels 
 Boston. 
 
 Rodney Backly 
 Asrustus Burr 
 David Cotton 
 John Davis 
 John Farnsworth 
 Charles Larkin 
 John B. Lord 
 Jacob Pratt 
 Benjamin Pike 
 
 Win. Blackinton, jr. Nathaniel Payne 
 
 Fairhaven. 
 Samuel Boiden 
 Andrew Backus 
 John Bresfer 
 James Church 
 Sylvanus Hitch 
 Michael Hammond 
 William Mitchill 
 Jonathan Pope 
 William Staples 
 John Taber, jr. 
 Cyrus White 
 Luther Wilson, 6 
 W. White & Co, 6 
 
 Framingham. 
 Samuel Murdock 
 
 Fran/din. 
 Bethuel Boyd 
 Davis Thayer 
 
 Granville. 
 John Seld^n 
 Stephen Furaer 
 
MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 Hadky. 
 .Robart Cook 
 James Cook 
 Elijah Dickinson 
 Levy Dickinson 
 
 Elias Taylor jr. 
 Calvin Wait 
 Lyman White 
 Ezra White 
 Josiah White 
 
 Asahel Adams, 6, 
 Bele Beals 
 Asa Beals 
 Otis Chapin, 6. 
 Banirel Clark 
 
 Joseph Eastman 2dAmos C. Whitmore Samuel Fisher, jr 
 
 Artemas Estabrook Hatfield. 
 
 David Jones jZiba Allen 
 
 Giles C. Kellogg Seth Bardwell 
 Calvin Marsh Joseph Billings 
 
 Cotton Nash Otis Brown 
 
 Theodore Partridge William Beals 
 Thomas Reynolds Elisha Bates, jr. 
 Oliver Smith Jared C. Burdick 
 
 William Sjnith Cornillus- Chapins 
 Eli & Euos Smith John D. Curtis 
 
 Pliny Day 
 
 ;i Dickinson 
 
 Caleb Dickinson 
 Moses Field, 
 Erastus Graves 
 Solomon Graves 
 Samuel Graves 
 John Uovvland, jr. 
 
 Joseph Smith 
 J< hn Ship man 
 Cateb Smith 
 Lemuel Warner 
 El ih u Warner 
 Cook & Warner 
 Daniel White, jr. 
 Sainnel Wood 
 
 South Hod-ley. 
 Robert Brainard 
 Roland Brown 
 Aaron Bartlett 
 Arunath Collins 
 Joseph Clarke 
 Theophilus Graves Henry Wilke. jr. 
 Mathew Kellogg Elijah White' 
 Wm. Knight 
 Samuel Knight 
 Frederick Loomer 
 John Preston 
 Horace Parsons 
 Warren Smith 
 Joel W. Smiih 
 
 Willard Gay 
 Howard Hick?on 
 Amos Harding 
 Joel Hunt 
 Oliver S. Hars 
 Nahum Howard 
 Luther Haws 
 Joseph Hacket 
 David Onion 
 Timothy M. Puffer 
 Ziba Partridge 
 Charles Richardson 
 William Dickinsen Sewall Sanford 
 
 Stephen Sanford 
 Cephus Thayr 
 Joseph W. Wight 
 Jonathan White 
 
 Mendon. 
 Baalis Bullard 
 
 Horatio G. Knight W. Bennet 
 Moses Morton Wealthy Carver 
 William Morton 
 Moses Strong 
 
 Oliver Smith 
 
 Hiram Smith 
 Ralph Snow. 6, 
 Ralph Stebbins 
 
 Levereft, 
 
 Henry Puffer 
 Ludlow. 
 Ephraim Gates 
 
 Medfield. 
 Enoch Bullard 
 George Ellis 
 Samuel Johnson 
 
 Medrnay, 
 Caleb Albee 
 Kk 
 
 Oliver Gardner 
 Lucius Ingalls 
 Joseph Ingraham 
 Paul F. Kimball 
 Robert Law ton 
 Peleg Peckharn 
 James Sals bury 
 'Henry Thayr 
 Naharn Thayr 
 James Tharber 
 Moses Tallom 
 Giles Thurpin 
 Warren Tisdale 
 Olney W. Paine 
 William Wheeler 
 
SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 Samuel Wheloek Eben'r. Campbell 
 
 Middlehorough. Joseph C. Clark 
 Joseph Bourn, 6. Joshua Curtis 
 Levi Pierce, 8. Dean Caswell 
 B. Sheparci, jr. 6. Morris Clapp 
 Milford. James Clapp 
 
 Samuel Penneman Lemuel Clapp 
 
 N&v-Bedford. Zenas Clapp 
 W. & G. Allen Eben'r. Clapp, jr. 
 Ilezekiah Babcock Warliam Clapp 
 
 Ansehn Clapp 
 Chester Clark 
 Benjamin Clark 
 Sydenham Clark 
 Alanson Clark 
 Sereno Clark 
 Henry Chapin, jr. 
 
 Caleb Bryant 
 
 J. M Chaloner 
 
 Barney Cory 
 
 Wm. Gordon 
 
 John Gilbert 
 
 Jabez Hammond 
 
 John Harrison 
 
 Samuel W. Heath Wm. Coolidge 
 
 Caleb Jenny, jr. L. Carter 
 John Doak 
 Luther Davis 
 Theodore Elder 
 Timothy Everett 
 Gideon Edwards 
 Benjamin Edwards 
 Hermon Fisher 
 George Force 
 H. T. Hooker 
 Harvy Hawks 
 Nahum Hay ward 
 Asa Jones 
 David Judd, 12. 
 Ezra Jewett 
 
 Thos. WoodbridgeDavid Kelton 
 Northampton. Enos Kingsiey, jr. 
 Wm, M. fenapp 
 Rodney Leonard 
 
 Miles Jones 
 Isaac Kempton 
 Robinson Lewis 
 Gideon Nye 
 Wm. C. Nye 
 John Pickens 
 Nathaniel Perry 
 Merselus Post 
 Wm. Rotch,jr. 
 Nathaniel Rogers 
 Samuel Rodman 
 James Rissner 
 Bennet Wiicox 
 Eliakim Willis 
 
 Robert Andrews 
 Charles J. Allen 
 Abijah Brown 
 Nathaniel Baker 
 George Bridgnian 
 
 Elisha Morgan 
 George Malcome 
 Elisha Marther 
 
 EUsha Babcock, jr. Jonathan Norwood 
 Henry Barnard Win. W. Partrige 
 Edmund Campbell Rufus Phelps 
 
 George Parsons 
 Nathaniel Phelps, jr. 
 Ebenezer Phelps 
 Seth Russell 
 Win. Rose, 2. 
 Levi Russell 
 Nathan Storrs 
 Elisha Smith 
 Samuel Spencer 
 George Smith 
 Joseph Strong 
 Bela Strong 
 John Symmes 
 Asenath Snnford 
 Jesse B. Street 
 Zebina Smith 
 Watts Turner 
 Noah Wolcott 
 
 Nwthbridge. 
 Ezra W. Fletcher 
 Ezra Fletcher 
 Norton. 
 
 Nathan Dean, jr. 
 Lemuel Perry 
 Zophar Skinner 
 
 Plainfetd. 
 John Mack 
 
 Portsmouth. 
 Samuel Clark 
 Springfield. 
 Epaphroditus Allis 
 Edmund Allen, jr. 
 Arthur Andrus 
 Caleb Aklen 
 David Allen 
 Eliphalet Abby 
 Johna. BJiss 
 Henry Bates 
 Urbana W. Butler 
 Elijah Blake 
 Jeremiah Beals 
 Edward Bliss 
 Harvev Bidwel! 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 809 
 
 Vvm. Ball 
 
 Zenas Hancock 
 
 David Rice 
 
 Allen Bangs 
 
 Lutber Hosmer 
 
 William Rogers 
 
 Uri Bishop 
 
 Andrew Hyde, 2d. 
 
 Thomas Rogers 
 
 David Barber 
 
 Levi Jones 
 
 inri Richmond 
 
 Calvin Barret 
 
 Stephen Jones 
 
 James Russell 
 
 Alfred Bates 
 
 John D Jones 
 
 Austin Sled man 
 
 Benj. A. Bennet 
 
 Abiram P. Knapp 
 
 Henry Sargeant 
 
 Charles Burnham 
 
 Surminas King 
 
 Caleb Stebbins 
 
 Walter Bates 
 
 Mervin Kirkiand 
 
 Aaron Spencer 
 
 John Barlow 
 
 William Lloyde 
 
 Russei Sage 
 
 Joel Brown 
 
 Jabez Lame 
 
 John S. Savory 
 
 Joseph Carew 
 
 David Leonard 
 
 Joroun Strong 
 
 David Chapman 
 
 Charles Lathrap 
 
 Elijah Snell 
 
 Henry Comstock 
 
 Oliver Lathrop 
 
 Alexander Stocking 
 
 Levi Chandler 
 
 Eli Moore 
 
 Henry Stark ey 
 
 John Crook 
 
 Martin Moses 
 
 Jonn Sherret 
 
 Amos Carrulh 
 
 Outin Murphy 
 
 David Sikes, jr. 
 
 Enoch Chapin 
 
 Marvin Mudge 
 
 Willard Sprout 
 
 Zaphney Curtis 
 
 Orn Morhoey 
 
 Simon Sanborn 
 
 Samuel Carter 
 
 Cyras Newell 
 
 John Stebbins 
 
 Jedediah Cap en 
 
 Sylvester Nash 
 
 Ged Sficket 
 
 Nathan Crocker 
 
 Oliver Newton 
 
 Silas Templer 
 
 Nathan Chandler 
 
 Philip Oratt 
 
 Benjamin S. Tufts 
 
 Owen Dickinson 
 
 Horace Osbone 
 
 Norman Trask 
 
 Caleb Ellison 
 
 James Otis 
 
 Luther Vanhorn 
 
 Jacob Easty 
 
 William Parks 
 
 Jeremy Warriner 
 
 Reuben N. ForwardCharles Packard 
 
 Asa Wood, jr. 
 
 Enoch Fletcher 
 
 Naham Patch 
 
 Elija Wilson 
 
 Samuel Fuller 
 
 Stephen Fopkin 
 
 A. B. Wads worth 
 
 Lewis Foster 
 
 Asa Parsons 
 
 James Wolcott 
 
 Wm. H. Foster 
 
 John Partrick 
 
 Preserved White 
 
 Stephen Field 
 
 Simeon Pomeroy 
 
 Eber Ward 
 
 John Grannells 
 
 David Parsons 
 
 Ariel Warner 
 
 Parley Grovenor 
 
 Amos Putnam 
 
 Luther Ware well 
 
 Elisha Gunn 
 
 Benjamin Phelps 
 
 John H. Winslow 
 
 Lewis GoodenoughJoseph Pease 
 
 Martin Whice 
 
 Gideon Gardner 
 
 Otis M. Quivey 
 
 John Wood. 2d. 
 
 Timo. Herrington 
 
 Horace Richardson Sam uel Wardwell 
 
 Samuel Hawkins 
 
 George Reynold 
 
 Nathan M. Wood 
 
 Daniel Harfuny 
 
 Joseph Roberts 
 
 Calvin Wright, 2d. 
 
 Walter Hitchcock 
 
 Sables Rogers 
 
 West- Springfield. 
 
 Ransley Hall 
 
 George Reynolds 
 
 Benjamin Ashley jr. 
 
 Ira House 
 
 
 
400 
 
 Sl/BSCRIBERS NAMfcS. 
 
 Joseph Ashley, jr. Preston Smith 
 Araunah Allen Harry Stiles 
 Benjamin J. Allen P. Steaphenson 
 Justin Ashley Henry Tuttle 
 
 Ira Bradley Chandler Todd 
 
 Charles Brockett Luther Vanhorrf 
 Theodore Bellows Elisha Winchel 
 Oliver Bagg 
 Linas Bagg 
 Szekiel Bagg 
 Simon Brooks 
 Aaron Bagg 
 Cabel Bliss 
 
 Daniel Wildman, j?, 
 
 Walpole. 
 Michael Brown 
 Ebenezer Battle 
 Harvy Clap 
 Laz/are Coste 
 James II. Clark 
 
 Jesse Whitman jr. Edward G. Cundall 
 Josiah L. Warner Maynard B. Clap 
 
 1V. Butler, Jr. 
 William S. Bowe 
 Isaac Bowe 
 Abraham Bagg 
 
 Eli Burt 
 
 John Cooper 
 
 Elea&er Day 
 
 Edmund Day 
 
 Moses Day 
 
 John Dorrell 
 
 Joel D arrow 
 
 JRusseH Ely 
 
 Mulford Eldrige 
 
 Martin Ely 
 
 Daniel Ely 
 
 John Ely, jr. 
 
 Jonathan E Ferry Josiah L. James 6 
 
 Sutlon. 
 John Whipple 
 
 Swanky. 
 John Kelton, jr. 
 
 Tauntwn. 
 David Andrus 
 Elkanah Andrus 
 Charles Babbitt 
 Edward Crassman 
 Benjamin Cooper 
 James Crossman 
 Charles Cobb 
 James Dean, jr. 
 James Dan forth 
 Hilliard Earl 
 Nathan Fisher 
 
 Joseph W. Gay 
 John Himt 
 Galon Mann 
 David Morse, jr. 
 Samuel Parke 
 Henry Plimpton 
 Nathan Pond, 2d 
 Curtis Pat ridge 
 John Stevens 
 Seth Smith, 2d \ 
 Jonathan Wild, jr. 
 Thomas S. Webb^ 
 
 Westlutmpton. 
 Noah Cook 
 
 Willirtmsburgh. 
 Alfred H. Rodman 
 Wrenlham. 
 
 Alba Kimball 6 
 Luther Lane 
 Josiah Loomis 
 Asa Leonard 
 Roswell Morgan 
 Asa Miller, jr. 
 Edmund Palmer 
 Luther Philips 
 Joshua Street 
 Joel Smith 
 William Smith 
 J. Smith, jr. 
 
 Nathaniel Fales 
 
 James L.Hodges 6 Ray & Clark 
 William C. Hood John Fisher 
 Samuel Hilton Joseph Feltt 
 
 Borak L f Fuller 
 
 Seth Johnson Nathan Farrington 
 
 Charles Porter Aaron Farrington 
 William Presbrey jr. Harvy Hayford 
 Billings Presbury Sarhuel Haws 
 Zache's RichardsonKollock Ide 
 Joseph Reed, jr. 6 Henry Leman 
 John Reed Elias*Metcalf 
 
 J. W. Seabury, jr. Harvy Reed 
 C. Washburn . Daniel Tolman, jr, 
 William WashburhAllea Tillipghast 
 Henry Wasldiurn 
 Isaac Wasliburii, jr. 
 
NEW YORK. 
 
 401 
 
 NEW- YORK. 
 Albany fy Colonie. 
 Samuel R. Adams 
 Pliney Allen 
 Asa K. Allen 
 Joseph Adams 
 Lucy Allen 
 Samuel Adams 
 Adams & Crary 
 David Angus 
 Seth Arnold 
 Tilly Allen 
 David Allen 6 
 Gilbert Ackerman 
 Jacob B Angus 
 Oliver Andrews 
 Mathias Austin 
 Mathew Ashe 
 Daniel Albertson 
 Amasa Albee 
 Joseph Avery 
 Win. Allanson 
 Galen Avery 
 Andrew Abel 
 Elizabeth Arnold 
 John Alexander 
 Dennis Allen 
 Henry W. Bratt 
 Roswell Babbit 
 John Brown 
 Isaac Burton 
 Wm Babb 
 Isaac Brotherton 
 Jonathan Burt 
 Harris Belote 
 Sarah Blakeman 
 G. V. S. Bleecker 
 Hugh Bradford 
 Samuel Bates 
 Allen Brov/nson 
 Austin Bonny 
 James C. Bebee 
 
 James Black 
 Francis Barnes 
 David Biakeman 
 Timothy Brigden 
 Charles Blakley 
 
 Sybrant Bleecker 
 Edward Bulkier 
 Charles Boynton 
 Benjamin Burt 
 Jock Barbour 
 
 Baruch Bolster, jr. R. W Brower 
 
 John Burt 
 Nathl. W Benton 
 John B riant 
 Samuel Brimhall 
 Mary- Ann Butler 
 Margaret Barton 
 Catharine Bell 
 Robert Boyd 
 
 David Brown 
 Lucretia Brainard 
 Elizabeth Blackhall 
 Myles Byrne 
 Samuel Bell 
 Jonas Butterfield 
 George W. Barnes 
 Calvin Builer 
 
 Elizabeth BrowningJohn Burt 
 
 Azor Brown 
 Sarah Brush 
 Margaret Berry 
 Simon Bates 
 Samuel Baxter 
 John W. Barrie 
 Earl Bridges 
 
 J. H. Brower 
 Jno Blackman 
 Hannah E Colhoun 
 Shubael B. Coffin ' 
 James Chambers 
 Samuel Gate 
 Elisha Craw 
 
 Alex. H. Benedict John S. Colbath 
 
 Nathan Builurd 
 Henry J. Bogart 
 John Bennit 
 J. S. Burrell 
 Alexander Beatty 
 Allen Brown 
 Miles Benjamin 
 Wm. Bigelovr 
 Catharine Bowne 
 John M. Beath 
 John Browning 
 John Bootmaa 
 Charles Bruce 
 Jonathan Betton 
 James Bloomer 
 John Bndgeford 
 Simeon Brov/n 
 Robert Brown 
 James G. Bishop 
 
 Peter Cure 
 Thomas Calkin 
 Thomas Chambers 
 Luther Center 
 Joseph Crop sett 
 James Cahlwell 
 Smith Cogswell 
 Daniel P. Clarke 
 Francis Clow 
 Amos Choate 
 Sarah Clark 
 Geo. D Carmicuac-1 
 Alex. Chestney 
 Robert Colling 
 John D. M* Cars on 
 Henry Cronk 
 George Charles 
 Stephen Covert 
 John Clark 
 
402 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 George Churchill Henry Dyre 
 John Clifford John Dennis 
 
 John Cassidy Ralph Day 
 
 Jennet Courtney Thomas Dawson 
 Margaret Courtney Ephraim Dewitt 
 Cornelius J. CuylerThomas Durand 
 Maxon Crandail John Doig 
 Fitch Coy Sophia Dyer 
 
 Freeman S. ClenchLewis Doty 
 Benjamin Clench Joseph Dennison 
 David Capron 
 John Claminony 
 Wm. H. Crocker 
 Mary Curreen 
 Benjamin Capron 
 John S. Clark 
 John Cunningham 
 
 James Craw 
 John Case 
 Martha Collier 
 Polly Coons 
 Lieut. Campbell 
 Chandler Carter 
 Samuel Clark 
 -David Christian 
 Peter Cowan 
 Daniel Connell 
 Jacob Clemmer 
 Patrick O'Conlen 
 Thomas Cole 
 Isaac Chapman 
 Wm. Clark 
 Rufus Clark 
 Daniel Dana 
 Betsey Doanfc 
 Thomas D wight 
 Joseph Divoll 
 Patrick Davison 
 
 Rebecca Denney 
 Robert Dunlap 
 John Dickson 
 R. W. Davenport 
 Thomas Day, jr. 
 G. V. Deniston 
 Eliza Davison 
 R. V. DeWitt 
 A. W. Danforth 
 John Deney 
 Clarissa Dean 
 John Dodge 
 
 Timothy Fish 
 Harriot Forbs 
 Benoni B. Forman 
 Thomas Fryer 
 Elihu Frisbic 
 Benjamin Ferriss 
 Abrrn. B. Friday 
 Bristol C. Fox 
 Gilbert Frost 
 George Forsyth 
 Timothy Fletcher 
 Hannah Friday 
 Samuel A. Foot 
 Abraham Failing 
 Jonathan Fryer 
 Isaac Fowler, jr. 
 Abraham Fonda 
 Thomas Fisk 
 John D. Fisher 
 John Fay 
 Isaac Fonda 
 Isaac Furshe 
 
 Thomas Donnelly Mary Fuller 
 
 Jacob Downing Dorcas Fisk 
 Andrew DalrympleAIexander Fraser 
 
 Nathaniel Davison Adaline Foster 
 
 David S. Dodge Wm. Groesbeck 
 
 John F. Evertson Catharine Gordon 
 
 John Eddy Robert Gilmer 
 
 Sally Eppes Robert J. Gillespie 
 
 Warham Edwards James Gourley 
 
 Jesse Everett Samuel Gardner 
 
 John^Emmert Noah Gifford 
 
 Roswell Eaton Lucinda Gere 
 
 Eben S. Edgerton Newman Gilbert 
 
 Robert Egan 
 J. Eutyberger 
 Andrew Elliott 
 Hezekiah Davison Alexander Forbs 
 Pelatiah D wight Hugh Fraser 
 Elizabeth Dyas Samuel Falter 
 Warner Daniels Benjamin Fassell 
 
 Rufus Green 
 Simon M. Griffiin 
 Mathew Gregory 
 John W. Great 
 John M. D. Garso^ 
 Wm. Gillespie 
 Wm. Gibba 
 
NEW-YOBK, 
 
 403 
 
 Darius Gere Harley Hosford 
 
 James P. Gould Noah Howard 
 T. V. W. Gould Frederick J. Ham 
 John Giles George Hanford 
 
 Daniel Gager Jona. Hocktaling 
 
 John Gibson Ebenezer Hafford 
 
 Silas Gregory Jabez Hills 
 
 J. V. B. Garbrance Elizabeth Hooker 
 S. W, Goodwia Samuel Hinman 
 Stephen Gay John Henderson 
 
 Amey Green James Hoogbkerk 
 
 Christian GrosbeckGordon Hutchins 
 David Godden John Hooker 
 Catharine GresbeckAmos Hutchings 
 John Garrey Mary Higbee 
 
 Daniel W. GlashanMartha Hart 
 Benjamin Goy Eliza Heet 
 Blaria Hunn George Harper 
 
 Abraham Higham Hugh Humphrey 
 Thomas HeadswickJohn Harrison 
 
 John D. Hunn 
 Jacob Hutchins 
 John Harmon 
 John Hyde 
 Robert Henry 
 John P. Higgins 
 Azel Hooker 
 James Hilton 
 J. W. Hingerland 
 Lucas Hooghkerk 
 David Hawthorn 
 Solomon Hass 
 Samuel Henry 
 Wm. Hilton 
 Hector Hubbard 
 
 John Henry 
 James P. Howland 
 Stephen Haskell 
 Wm. Houston 
 Richard J. Holmes 
 Jane Hartley 
 John Hardman 
 Etiphalet Hawley 
 Maltby Howell 
 Thompson Hord 
 Thomas Hendlevv 
 Israel Hustell 
 Samuel Harbecfe 
 John Harrison 
 Jacob Hindrer 
 
 Maria Hendrickson Eliza Hagerty 
 
 Wm Hall 
 E. & E. Hosford 
 Ralph Hosford 
 Samuel Hall 
 Jacob Hindrer 
 4rtliur llotehkiss 
 
 Joseph Hall 
 Edward Hunter 
 John Hamilton 
 Eliphalet Jones 
 Asa D. Johnson 
 John Jones 
 
 John S. Jones 
 James Jenkins 
 M. P. Jackson 
 Marsh John 
 Amasa Joslin 
 George Ingraham 
 Joseph Ingrahani 
 Wm. Johnson 
 N. Joralemon, jr. 
 Jeremiah Jones 
 Thomas Jones, jr. 
 Elisha Johnson 
 Luther Jone 
 James Jaquay 
 Jason Kinsla 
 Mary F. Keeler 
 Clayton Kindai 
 Catharine Kellogg 
 Mary Keeney 
 Rev. John Keys 
 Bartholomew Kene 
 Graham Klinck 
 Moses Kenyan 
 John G. Klink 
 Thos. Knowlson 
 Joseph Kingsby 
 George Kane 
 Wm. Kane 
 Jeseph D. Kittridge 
 John Kidney 
 Daniel V. Loud 
 Charles Luther 
 Wm. Lloyd 
 John A. Lark IK 
 James Lewis 
 James Laumere 
 Lewis Litchfield 
 Mordecai Lester 
 W. B. Larkin 
 T. W. Lamoreu 
 John Lerue 
 Andrew Lightbodj 
 
40* 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 Stephen B. LeonardMorris M'Graw Colman Nash 
 Benoni Lurrey Christiana Monk Margaret NayJar 
 David Mann Lewis Newman 
 
 Joshua B M Donald James Nutt 
 John M'Meekin John Nelegar 
 Randall M'Collum Francis Noble 
 Susanna M 4 Kenna Mary Newell 
 Curtis Munger John Newson 
 Daniel D'Intosh Isaac Nash 
 Medan Martien Samuel Norton 
 Cornelius M : KelveyJohn Norton 
 Jonathan Morel Stephen Oaky 
 Thomas C. M'Grath Benjamin Ostrander 
 
 Martin Laker 
 Francis Low 
 Jeremiah Luther 
 Thos. Linacre 
 Samuel Low 
 Lina \V. Lay 
 Jane Luces 
 Wm. Lawley 
 Garry Lewis 
 Burr Lewis 
 Amos Lindsey 
 Wm. Luok 
 A. T. E. Lansing 
 Daniel Lane 
 Daniel Leland 
 David Lynch 
 Phebe Legg 
 John Lee 
 Preston Lincoln 
 John Lumley 
 J. C. M'Dougal 
 Hannah Mufrie 
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 Caleb Mathews 
 Richard Merrifield 
 
 J. MTherson 
 J. M'Clenahan 
 Abraham Martin 
 Joshua Marsh 
 Daniel Morrel 
 John M. M'Harg 
 F. M-Naughtan 
 Peter Mochrie 
 David Mead 
 Sarah Musier 
 John M'Murry 
 Wm. Munson 
 Manchester 
 nicutt 
 
 Samuel M'Murray Jacob W. Morris 
 Thomas Moune Rora Moulton 
 Lemuel Moss 
 Wm. Myndersen 
 Wm. M'Lasky 
 Eleanor M'Kay 
 
 George Milton 
 Peleg R. Miller 
 
 Wm. Mitchell 
 Wm. M'Jntosh 
 Wm. Maxwell 
 Wm. M'AdoH 
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 Thomas Martin 
 
 Ebenezer MurdocJiAbel Marble 
 
 Henry Moschel 
 Joseph Mills 
 S. H. Moore 
 Robert Moore 
 Sheldon Malary 
 JSlisha Miner 
 
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 Wrn. M'Plierson 
 Thomas BJacYJe 
 
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 Jacob Oake 
 John Ogden 
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 Wm. Phipps 
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 ' Connal Parker 
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 John Patrick 
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 J. Porter 
 B. Pearce 
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 Wra. Pomroy 
 Wrn. Philips 
 Palmer &L Tinker 
 Edward Proby 
 John Pearce 
 James J Penny 
 Win. Penny 
 John Peers 
 Elisha Putnam 
 Lemuel Price 
 Abraham Pitteiigera 
 Jane Paytoro 
 Furdy 
 
Samuel Snerwood 
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 Andrew Simmons 
 Russel! SVidard 
 Frederick Seger 
 Dciademia Seger 
 Joseph Sherman 
 Robert Swain 
 
 Gilbert Purdy Betsey Ruhvee 
 
 Wm. Pusburgh Asa Rich 
 
 Archabald PattasonJohn Rich 
 
 Sylvanus Parsons Richard Reynolds 
 
 Wm. Patterson Win. Roades 
 
 J. B. Quackenboss Henry Rectcr 
 
 B. Quackumbush Joseph Robbins 
 
 G. Quick Enoch Rice 
 
 Mary Quick Henry Rivers 
 
 Gerrit QuackentrassThomas Ridgaway Cotton Smith 
 
 A. Quackenboss Samuel Smylie C. Schermerhora 
 
 James Rogers Henry Snyder 
 
 Adam Russ Daniel Stewart 
 
 Caleb Russell Zebina Stui-tevant 
 
 Daniel S. RobersonRachel Stewart 
 
 Robert Remington D. Stunberg 
 
 Chiistophev RussellJacob Shumaker 
 
 Jonas J. Rudes Daniel Shays, jr. 
 
 Garrit W. RyckmanAlanson Sheldon 
 
 Richard Roser 
 
 John Reskhou 
 
 John Russell 
 
 John Rolney 
 
 Eliza Sickels 
 
 Lewis Stone 
 
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 Abijah Smith 
 
 Robert Sinclair 
 
 Obadiah Smith 
 
 Henry Smith 
 
 H. V. R. Sehermet- 
 
 horn 
 
 Elizabeth Smith 
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 Duncan Stewart 
 Jonathan Shepard 
 W. &t J. Scoon 
 Samuel Swasey 
 Ajina Sherman 
 Peter Schiier 
 
 Asher Riley 
 James Robinson 
 James B. Robbins 
 B . W. Ratlvbone 
 Elizabeth Root 
 J ohn Roff 
 Margaret Ratcliff 
 
 John Sipple 
 
 A Sheppard 
 
 Adriand StackhouseNancy Story 
 
 John S. Smalley Stephen Shepard 
 Joseph Seymour* 
 John Sawyer 
 John Shell 
 John Spawn 
 John Se'.gent 
 Frederick Sergent 
 Eliza Singleton 
 
 Christopher Rubey Nathaniel StimpsonSaliy Swasey 
 
 Israel Reynolds A. Shields Sally Sanders 
 
 Thomas Radcliff David Scott Polly Stansill 
 
 Joseph T. Rice John A. Sturges Daniel Spcoiief 
 
 Marcus F. RandolphEliphalet Steele W. Z. Tiffany 
 
 Nahum Rice Jacob A. Stiles Isnam J. Teller 
 
 Selah Riley M. B Slocum Joshua Tinker 
 
 Benjamin Ross Jer. Searl J. H Talmad^e 
 
 Charles Rice Hezekiah Scoyel Samuel Tues 
 
 Cornelius RyckmanJosiah Sherman Peter V. Tassell 
 
 Jason Rooker James Stephens Ephraim Titus 
 
 Robert Rubey John Sanderson John Turner 
 
406 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS WXME8, 
 
 Luther Taylor John Vernor 
 Benjamin Thayer Philip Vanderltp 
 James Turner 
 Bela Tracy 
 John Tompkins 
 Poster Taylor 
 R. Ten Broeck 
 Patty Topping 
 
 Teman Wilmott 
 Halsey Woodruff 
 Benjamin Whipple 
 F. D. Wallis 
 S. B. Whitney 
 
 Margret Todd 
 Wm. Traver 
 
 Jacob Van Beaen 
 
 G. Van Emburgh 
 
 A. Van Santvoord 
 
 Edmund Van York Richard AVebster 
 
 L. Van Kleeck Ruth Williams 
 
 Jacob No Vander- Peter G. WaldroB 
 
 heyden Thomas Worth 
 
 L. Van Buskirk Joseph Wilson 
 
 Thomas ThompsonAbraham Van WieJames Weir 
 Jonathan Tie mbles John Vanderburg Cynthia Woods 
 
 D. L. Tillotson 
 John Tyler - 
 Jeremiah Tryon 
 Wm. Tucker 
 R. C. Tobias 
 R. Tilden 
 J. Ten Eiek 
 Loevy Theyer, 
 J. V.N.Throop 
 Henry Turner 
 Elisha Tripp 
 Edward Trask 
 Wm. Tice 
 John Trotter 
 John B. Truax 
 
 Sam'l. Van DeusenJohn Warner 
 Henry Van Wie Agur Wells 
 Peter Van Bergen Nathaniel White 
 Wm. Van Zant Jacob P. Wilsoa 
 L. Van Valkenburg Joseph Weed 
 
 Thomas White 
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 James Warren 
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 Harris Wells 
 John Whitney 
 David Wilson 
 Peter Young 
 Thomas Young 
 Abi H. Yates 
 
 C. Vanhoosen 
 Samuel Ward 
 Charles West 
 S B. Wigton 
 Elisha Wilcox 
 Daniel Ward, jr. 
 H. Wilmot 
 S. Walking 
 John Watson 
 Henry Y. Webb 
 Andrew Thompson Sam'J. WorthingtonHenry H. Yates 
 Jonas Ter Bush John Wijkes Athens. 
 
 Carman Thompson Wm. Woolcock James Akins 
 Abraham Tombs James Warren Amelia Addamjs 
 Samuel Williams Charlotte Allcot 
 Wm. W. Williams Edward Austin 
 
 John Begardus, jr. 
 A. W. Barnard 
 Calvin Balis 
 Martha S. Barnard 
 .Alexander S. Coffin 
 
 Circuit Travels 
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 Philip Talbert 
 C B. Thompson 
 
 Jacob Ward 
 Samuel C. Ward 
 Gen. Stephen Vanlanus Waring 
 
 Renssellaer Normal Ward 
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 John Vander VoortEbenezer Welch IJriah Coffin 
 
 Charles Vail E. T. Ward Nathan Clark 
 
 Mary Van Zantz A. W. Watkin* .Hannah Churcl 
 
NEW-YORK. 
 
 407 
 
 Charles White Gideon Finks 
 Lyman Wait Ezra Garrison 
 
 Ephraini Wheeler Daniel Jacobs 
 George S. Whippy H. Mansfield 
 
 Brooklyn. Richard Newman 
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 Josiah Applegate John Reid 
 George P Gardiner Alexander Birbeck Wm. Snyder 
 Aaron Gilbert Martin Bowen Minerd Semnions 
 
 David Boyd Mercy Wihnarth 
 
 Emund Bunford Gideon Wilbur 
 Frederic Dezendurf Catskill. 
 Benj. Curnberson Oliver P. Ashley 
 Samuel Farrington Mary Butler 
 
 Salmon Coffin 
 Samuel Dobbin 
 Sally D. Dillon 
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 John Folger 
 John Fosdick 
 Simeon Franklin 
 
 R. J Hailinbeck 
 C. Hollenbeck 
 Elisha I. Hand 
 Wm. Heroy 
 Nathiel Howland 
 
 Russel R. HamiitonJohn Gidernslee 
 John Holiiday Mathew Hall 
 Benj. Hovlland George Heriland 
 Almira Hamilton Henry N. King 
 Samuel Hamilton John R. Latham 
 Wm. Johnston Aert Middagh 
 Justen B. Jacobs James Moon 
 George Kirby John Moon 
 
 Ebenezer King 
 
 Russell Leffingwell Robart Nostrand 
 Wm. G. Macy Isaac Nichols 
 Reuben Morton, jr. John Piitchen 
 Lucy D'Nouguey Gilbert Reid 
 Sibel Olds 
 Zacheus Roach 
 John S. Smith 
 
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 Eliza Bretton 
 Mackay Croswell 
 T O. H. Croswell 
 Charles C. Church 
 James Cole 
 Theoph. Dimmick 
 Isaac Dubois 
 
 Louisa Silver 
 Reuben Sanderson 
 Gilbert Titus 
 George Tolly 
 Eli Town 
 N. J. Van Loon 
 L. Van Vaulken- 
 
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 Charles G. Graham 
 Joseph Gilbert 
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 John Hazen 
 
 Garrit Springsteel 
 
 Richard Stanton 
 
 Jacob Smith 
 
 Amos Tindall 
 
 Peter Voorhees 
 
 Noah Waterbury 
 
 J. B. Van Winkle 
 
 Henry Wiggins 
 
 Daniel Wright 
 
 Brunswick, 
 
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 Sarah L. AVheeler 
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 John Williams 
 Luther Wood 
 
 Jesse Button 
 Josiah Barker 
 Henry Bell 
 
 Zoa Dorset 
 Juleo Easton 
 
 Luke Hiersted 
 John Hill 
 
 Nathaniel Hinman 
 Walter King 
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 Tertulus Ludinton 
 Elbridge Maltby 
 Gordon W. Merrick 
 Clarrissa Moore 
 Rev. John M. Peck 
 Harriot M. Stone 
 Abner Shepley 
 Adonijah Sherman 
 Peter Ten Eyck 
 Hesekiah Thave? 
 
4GS 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 Wm. Van Bergen 
 Maria Van Loon , 
 M. D. Van Loon 
 C. Van Bergen 
 Lanson Wells 
 
 Cocymans. 
 John Fanning 
 1 Clavcrac/c. 
 Oliyer Squire 
 
 Durham. 
 Betsey Post 
 
 Grcen?}ush. 
 
 Benjamin Johnson John Springsteen 
 
 . Levi Judd, jr. 
 
 Aaron King 
 
 James Kimball 
 
 Smith Kentfield 
 
 Thomas Lambert 
 .6Hannah Mason 
 
 Daniel Noyes 
 
 Volchart Ossin 
 
 Nathaniel D. Plum Miron Ashley 
 
 Collins Purple Maria M. Ames 
 
 Wm. W. Pratt Henry Adams 
 Martin Van AlstyneJohn W. Rockwell Elisha P. Ashly 
 L. M Allen John Rich Timothy Barnard 
 
 Otis Alvord W. Spafford, jr. 
 
 Benjamin Akin David Stoddard 
 Jonathan Biiss, jr. Moses Smith 
 Benj. R. Bostwick Wm. P. Stark 
 Ebepezer Bartlett Sylvester Smith 
 John Bishop A. Tufts 
 
 Salmon Bostwick JEteujamjn Vawghan Bebecca Bunker 
 Almon R. BostwickRobert Vaughan E Barnard 
 Zebina Curtis 2d John Van Deusen Henry Uiell 
 Daniel Clark J J Van RenssellaerWm. Bates 
 
 Thomas Donnelly N. J. Visclier Justus Zferns 
 
 J. W Van VeghtonSally .Brown 
 
 Sally-Ann Woods Amy Uabcock 
 
 Leonard Wins low 
 
 Wm. White 
 
 A. II. JThitbeek 
 
 John T, JFhitbeek 
 
 H. H. ITendL'lI 
 Gibbonsvitte. 
 
 Rhoda Streeter 
 Bryant Tozer 
 
 Uoneoy. 
 Nathaniel Allen 
 
 Hoosack. 
 Samuel Eurrell 
 
 Hudson. 
 Miles H. Abbot 
 
 Benjamin Boyce 
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 J. Van Blarcum 
 Charles H. Bartlett 
 Mathew Bunker 
 John C. Bunker 
 
 . P. Davis 
 
 Silas Fields 
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 Israel P Hand 
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 Abram Hoag 
 John S. Hearmance Samuel Anthony 
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 Jonas JJallock S. W. Crane 
 Epnetus Hallock Thomas H. Dyer 
 Wilder If ay ward Win. Dyer ? jr. 
 David Hewit James Ford 
 
 Nathan P. Johnson James Hitchcock 
 Benjamin Johns David Johnson 
 Peter Johnson Andrew Lake 
 
 Zfenajah Bingham 
 Jesse J?urdwin 
 Jared Coffin 
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 John Calwell 
 Peter Cole 
 Jfrphamah Coffin jr, 
 Charles G. Clark 
 Polly Clark 
 Samuel H. Gondit 
 John M'Docald 
 Edward Day 
 Jacob Davis 
 Horace Durne 
 Horace Day 
 
John Deueli 
 
 Henry Dickinson 
 
 Charles Darling 
 
 Peter Elliott 
 
 M. Eckerts 
 
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 Daniel Fo wler 
 
 Gayer Gardaer 
 
 John Graham 
 
 James Gordon 
 
 Jacob Gardner 
 
 John Hosmer 
 
 B. Hancock 
 
 W E. Heath 
 
 Nicholas H atheway Isaac Power 
 
 Wesley Moriarty 
 Ephraim Muir 
 Hannah Morrison 
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 Wm. Nelson 
 Rhoda Norcut 
 Henry Parkman 
 John D. Parsons 
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 Mary Powel 
 Abraham Perry 
 
 Peter Tailor 
 Henry Upton 
 Ann Van Nortwick 
 Albert Van Hofsen 
 Garney Van Vai- 
 
 kenburgh 
 
 Asahel Woodworth 
 Philip White, jr. 
 Isaac Ward 
 John A. Whitney 
 Robert Wadsworlh 
 Jos. G. Wheeler, 6. 
 Uarna Waterman 
 Hillsdale. 
 
 Samuel Heath 
 H. Humphrey 
 E J. Hazard 
 Polly Hawkins 
 Samuel Hunt, jr. 
 John Hilton 
 Anna Hatchings 
 Edward Hulbert 
 Jesse G. Halt 
 Maria Hopkins 
 Eliza Healy 
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 John W. Jenkins 
 Lena Johnson 
 Wm. Jessup 
 Polly-Ann Jones 
 John Jaquins 
 Margaret Jenkins 
 #a zitlui Jenkins 
 Eliza Kemper 
 
 Jonathan Worthy \ 
 Reuben H Pinkham Lansingbttrgh. 
 Jared Plumb Noel At wood 
 
 Eliza M. Peroody Russell Aririingtou 
 John Paddock Timothy Allen 
 Abisha Pinkham Elisha Alvord 
 Charles GPinkhamElijah Bow 
 Lewis Rich Ebenezer JSurditfc 
 
 James Robinson Otis #ates 
 Clark Bates 
 Zebina Bagg 
 Charles Burnap 
 David Bentley 
 Francis Buck, jr. 
 Joseph Buck 
 
 David Rogers 
 Ann Reynolds 
 John Ray 
 Samuel Ray 
 Jacob Rabine 
 Wm. Reed 
 Elijah Spencer 
 Fredrick Stan- 
 Clark Smith 
 David Stirling 
 
 Samuel B. Sheldon lillis T. Barton 
 Benj. P. Smith Eliphalet Cushmaa 
 Mary Ann Kemper John Slocum Joseph Choate 
 David Lester Abraham Schry ver Edward A. Cook 
 
 Stephen Spooner Robert W. Clark 
 John Schoonmaker Henry Corrin 
 Theophiius Taylor Neheuiiah Chesss* 
 Eli Thorp brough 
 
 Saul Taylor Hezckiah Cadrrefl 
 
 LI 
 
 Clarifcsa Ballard 
 Rhodolphus Burt 
 Leonard Blanchard 
 Lansing Beman 
 
 R. I. I/vingston 
 Eli Mosier 
 Reuben Moones 
 Samuel S. Moore 
 Wm. R. Macy 
 
SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 Anna Disturnell Phebe Philips Timotliy Baldwin 
 
 Wm. Donaldson Elijah Pery F. VV. De C^udres 
 
 George Donalds Daniel Redding Henry Z. Cox 
 Samuel Elward Mary Rutherford Thomas Coles 
 Levi Eastman David Stimson Ruseff Cpnuver 
 Hufus Fisher Wm. Spotten John Cullum 
 
 Taylor Fordham Nancy M. Spafford Nathaniel Conklin 
 Frederick Forsyth Normand Squires John M'Cauley 
 Joseph Fox Abraham Snider John M Clave 
 
 A. St. John Foster Luke Stone A. Campbell 
 
 Elizabeth Giles Ezra Tubbs P. Coleman 
 
 Robert Geity John G. Vauder- Lewis Civills 
 
 Aaron BHinman, jr. hay den Elhanah Conklin 
 
 Edward C. HagartyJohn Wood, jr. P. F. Cisco 
 Wm. Hanford Reuben Willard Benjamin Charlton 
 Jacob Hogoboom Eliza Weaver William Day 
 John Hilltnan, jr. James Wincheil Kiudale Dunn 
 Alphonao M. HydeCurtis Willin George Dunn 
 
 Isaac Hasbrook Samuel Wilgus Henry De Wit 
 Thomas Hill Eben'r. Walbridge George J. Duryee 6 
 
 \ Joseph D. HaywardJohn Winnie John Damarest 
 
 Silas Knap Jona. Wick ware Benjamin Damarest 
 
 Jacob L. Lansing Daniel Young John Day 
 Abr'm. L. Lansing Lenox. Mordecai Evens 
 
 Joshua Lavvton Nathaniel Hale, jr. Thomas Ensign 
 J. C. Lansing New-York. Thomas R. Eldrige 
 
 Levinus Lansing Enos Alley Calvin Ely 
 
 John Mills Sam'L B. AndersonDaniel Edsall 
 
 Moses Maullin James C. Adams Barclay P. Fanning 
 Benjamtn A. Mann Nicholas C. BadriaSamuel Forshee 
 David MjMurray Joseph Brewster William Forshes 
 Lydia Newell John Bowne James Floentine 
 
 Daniel Nash Jacob Bausher F. D. Francisco 
 
 Sally Nelson Adolph Brower John B Gasmer 
 
 Ciiarles G. Neal David Baker N. Gathwait 
 
 Charles Olmsted Ezekiel Boardman Thojpas Goodman 
 Oliver B.Ogden Joseph Brunson, 6H. H. Gillet 
 Calvin Preston Henry Blauvet John B. Griffiths 
 p !\heodorous Payne Alexander Burn D. B. Hempsted 
 
 otiii Prest Caleb Bloon - Luther Harris 
 
 i>l.'i<;thew Perry Richard Bird Elihu Harris 
 
 .dflda Porker Thomas Baker Moses 
 
NEW-YORK, 
 
 Ramrell Haight Rene Pardessus 
 
 Nathan Howes Martin Po \vlis 
 
 Christopher Heiser Jacob Farsell 
 
 Joseph Horn, jr. Thomas Parks 
 
 Thomas Hunt Thomas Parmiton 
 
 Robart Hall Moses Porter 
 
 Samuel Harved Edmund Poole 
 
 Epaphras Hoiemes J. A. QuackembushStephen L. Viele 
 
 Jedediah Hall Frederick Roberts Schagticc . 
 
 Sylvanus Hoyt Francis Raymond 
 
 W. M. Hewlett John Roberts 
 
 Solomon Hill wick Tobias Ryckman 
 
 Samual Hip Joseph Randall 
 
 William Jackson Ralph Romain 
 
 James E. Jennings Nathan Raymor 
 
 Joseph L. Killnian Nathaniel RuddockH. Knickerbocker 
 
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 Samuel Wyvill 
 
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 Henry Water bury 
 
 Piilstoii'n, 
 Rev. C. Lahalt 
 Smith Fill; in 
 
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 Thomas FoJIot 
 Smith GerinomI 
 Stephen Gaston 
 Win. 
 
 Burrit Keeler 
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 Jesse Ketcham 
 W. G. Keech 
 T. T. Loomis, 6. 
 Thomas Lister 
 Benjamin Looker 
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 Ezry Mudge 
 William Munroe 
 Asher Martin 
 Enoch Miller 
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 James Milner 
 Duvid Murray 
 Michael Moren 
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 John Mount 
 Jacob Meyers 
 Robert Morton 
 Wm. Murphay 
 
 C. M. Rooseyeit 
 
 George Straib 
 
 Alexander Scott 
 
 Abraham Sears 
 
 Josiah Smith 
 
 J. F. Van Sicler 
 
 John Smith 
 
 William Smith 
 
 John N Sisco 
 
 John Smith 
 
 Andrew Sinclair 
 
 James Sproull 
 
 William D Sim 
 
 Samuel Smith 
 
 Thomas Twire 
 
 Gershom Thorp 
 
 Samuel Teeple 
 
 John M. Thorn 
 
 J. J. Vanderpool 
 
 William" Willys 
 
 Daniel Wools ey 
 
 Joseph C. Wright Caleb P. Botsford 
 
 John Westervelt Calvin Bowman 
 Obadiah Newcomb John Wright John B. Baldwin 
 
 Wit Ham Osborn James White Hugh Boyd 
 
 B. Plair John Waring Abraham Browers 
 
 Abuer Lewis 
 Atalanta Scott 
 Henry I Storms 
 Dennis Smith 
 Wm Winds 
 Gilbert Young 
 
 Sharon. 
 Zachariah Keys 
 
 Troy. 
 
 Squire Allen 
 Asa Anthony 
 Freeman Adams 
 Elijah I Adams 
 George Allen 
 Thomas Brown 
 Wm. C. Brooks. i- 
 Elain Buel 
 Eliza Belknap 
 Gid. Buckingham 
 Win. S. Beebe 
 S. P. Bet-bs 
 
SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 Philip Brown 
 Alpha C. Baras 
 Jacob Bradt 
 Solomon Bilson 
 Samuel Bin^ham 
 Wm. M'CIure 
 Henry I. Cartiss 
 Waterman Carr 
 John Cony 
 Arch'd. Campbell 
 Mary Covel 
 WilJard Clark 
 151am Converse 
 Joseph Coxok 
 Win. M. Cullar 
 Harriot Chiehester 
 Gerrit Clute 
 Asa Carl Ion 
 Chester Clarke 
 iftephamah Clark, jr. 
 Patrick Cole 
 Philip Dater 
 Esek T. Daniels 
 Lovett Downing 
 Wm. C. Devie 
 Sidney Dale 
 Abner Davis 
 David Darrah 
 33 arid Do an 
 I,ewi* G. Dole 
 Abraham Eager' 
 Seth Eastman 
 Perez Ensign 
 Abner Poster 
 Naihl. Farnham 
 Ira Ford 
 John V. Fasset. 
 Moses Fero 
 David Fancher 
 Elizabeth Fronk 
 John P Funda 
 Rachel Fero 
 
 Henry Fero 
 Robert GHlespie 
 Henry Grace 
 John Graves 
 Sarnl. L. Gallup 
 N. Gilbert, 6 
 
 Ingraham G jldea 
 Israel Green 
 Rufus Grand/ 
 John Grace 
 Joseph Gi!lasp?e 
 Josiah Greenman 
 S. P. Goodrich 
 Harriot B. Green 
 Isaiah Gavit 
 Simon Goodwin 
 JohnH. Gade 
 B Gale 
 
 Andrew Hemphill 
 .\Vm. D. Haiglit 
 Maiy Ilallrm 
 James M. Havens 
 Josiah Ilerrick 
 James Holland 
 Hannah Hudson 
 Mariah Haff 
 Asaph Humphrey 
 Jolin Hodgkin 
 Rurrna Hoidcn 
 Stephen Hyatt 
 Hoidcn Hill 
 James Hyatt 
 Jane HarBiff 
 John Johnston 
 Francis Jarnes 
 John Kieen, jr. 
 Jacailian Keeney 
 Peter Kurezya 
 Daniel Keeler 
 John Keeling 
 Rogf-r King 
 Mjses Knanp 
 
 Lewis Keeier 
 John Leonard 
 Edwin M. Larcher 
 Amos Larcom 
 Mary Linn 
 Phelix Lester 
 Aaron landley 
 George Lent 
 Aaron Learned 
 Nathan Morgan 
 Uriah Miller 
 Joseph Myers 
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 Daniel Mason 
 Samuel Martin 
 Eliakim Meeker 
 Abraham Miller 
 Mary Mason 
 John Morris 
 John Morey 
 David M'Kelsie 
 John Nafew 
 Lucy Nobles 
 "Wm Neafus 
 Ebenezer Prescott 
 Freeman Parks 
 Sylvester Packard 
 Aaron Payne 
 Jessee Peters 
 Jason H. Price 
 Henry Pickle 
 Wm. L. Petts 
 Wm. Ross 
 Samuel Raymond 
 Archille I Rousseou. 
 Amanda Robbing 
 H'Niel Se\mour 
 Peter Spra^ue 
 S. S. Seleck 
 Chade SouthwicJc 
 CatheriaoStackpool 
 
RHODE-IaLAKD. 
 
 413 
 
 Abigail B. Smith Ann Wiswal! 
 Jane Smith Joseph Wilson 
 
 Elisha B. Speary Win. Yoim^ 
 Frederick Schryver Washington. 
 John Stilson John Abrahams 
 
 Benjamin Smith H. V. Cuyler 
 Samuel Scobey Minor Crumby 
 Samuel Swartwout Zina P. Egleston 
 Wm. Stockwell J. Hitchcock 
 E. M South wick James Raft ray 
 Abraham Staples 
 Frederick Tators 
 John Tyler 
 M. Ten Eyck 
 Henry Towns end 
 Luke H. Thrall 
 John Tarbell 
 
 Nicholas 
 
 }Vaierford. 
 Robert Anderson 
 Peter Boss 
 Francis Drake 
 S. Demarest 
 Joel Downer 
 Roger C. Evans 
 Reuben Field 
 
 Horace Turner 
 
 John Urann 
 
 13. S. Vantferhey- Ana Foster 
 
 den Jonah Goodrich 
 
 Adam Valuntine Allen Redden 
 Benj Van Atter John Hall 
 Mathias VanheydenJohn Humphrey 
 
 J.Van Schoonhoven 
 J. Terwillager 
 B. Vanalstine 
 H. Yanderwerken 
 Charles Webster 
 Abraham Young 
 
 Water deit. 
 Israel Anthony 
 Nicholas Bassett 
 Henry Camel 
 R. Cunningham 
 John G. Clute 
 Fones Cole 
 Jacob W. Frets 
 John Gorslin 
 Wm Heermans 
 Albert Heeinstrcet 
 Reuben King 
 John A. Landing 
 W. C. Pfimimaa 
 Win. Roff 
 S. B. Stearnes 
 J. Vandamark 
 Marl in Van Oliatla 
 
 
 J, Van Benthuseu Charles L. Harper Abraham W. Van 
 
 Ebenezer Wilson jrEbenezcr Keeler 
 
 Elijah Watson Win I. Lansing 
 
 Jona. Woodward jr.F. Livingston 
 
 Ebenezer Webb Aaron Meeker 
 
 Thomas White 
 
 Alsop Wade 
 
 Justus W right, 18 
 
 David Wendell 
 
 Jane- Maria WendellC. Moran 
 
 Robert Waldby John Petlit 
 
 Robert Moe 
 Henry Macornb 
 John Mitchell 
 
 Dcnbursc 
 S. V. S. Van Don 
 
 Burgh 
 James Wade jr. 
 
 DE-ISLAND. 
 
 Eristol 
 
 Marria Me Donald Palmer Brown, 6 
 James P. Surges 
 Peleg Bos worth 
 
 Jonathan Weeks Benjamin Preston James Cross well 
 Andrew WaterburyWin. Ransom Oliver Cornell 
 Andrew Wilson John Robson Francis Dimonti 
 
 Jane Winne Ephralm RendaH Ht-nry Fales 
 
 Hannah Warren Smith St Rnthbone Lefavor Howlafid 
 Daniel S. Whipple G. V. SchoonhovenWilliam Hart 
 Hugh D. W r ekh Joseph B. Smiih Sy!vesterLu:fce* 
 Samuel Whitmash 1.* I 2 
 
414 
 
 SUBSCGIfiEES NAMfciS. 
 
 Thomas Munro, 4th Joseph Cary Thomas Kiiion 
 
 Josiah Munro Wanton Chase John J. Kilton 
 
 Jienja. Manchester Samuel Grans ton, jr. William Kerds 
 
 Nathaniel Lawrence 
 Amos Lindall 
 Benjamin Morse 
 Josiah G. Matteson 
 James Matteson 
 Thomas Mills 
 Alex. M'Murra 
 William M'Cann 
 Rufus Northup 
 Olney Potter 
 James Pollard 
 
 o Miller GwenM'Cabe 
 Benjamin Norris George Collins 
 . John Peckham Asel Collins 
 Benj. W. Rob bins* Isaac Congdon 
 Edward Spalding William Cooke 
 William Simmons Jesse Cooke 
 George W. Swan Caleb Cooke 
 Samuel Tylor Hezekiah Davis 
 Allen Wardvveil, jr.Ephraim El?bree 
 Ambrose Waldroii Henry Essex 
 
 Coventry. Luke Flood 
 Chauncy Andrews Peregrine P. FosterBenedict Peckham 
 Noel Allen Samuel. 1. Field J. M. Parkerson 
 
 J. Anthony 2 Jeremiah Greene Jonathan Phorton 
 Merit Arnold Simon M. Griegier Jn. N. Pearce 
 
 James V. Arnold Joseph Griffin Thomas Phillips 
 Daniel S. Anthony Daniel Gifford S. W. Parkerson 
 Jabcz Anthony Campbell Gibson Eliza A Parkerson 
 Charles Andrew James Gorton Phineas Pearse 
 Benjamin Andrew Daniel Gooham Phillip Potter 
 Joseph Arnold John Garks John Rumrell 
 
 Irus Aibro Joseph Rowland, jr. Moses Roberts 
 
 Daniel Babcock, jr Benjamin Hanens Stephen Smith, 3d 
 
 Samuel Budlong 
 Charles Bowen 
 James G Brown 
 Araos Brings 
 John Baldwin 
 William Benty 
 
 James Burlingame Nathan Hamuion 
 Adin Bowen Joseph Hiues 6 
 
 Henry H Brown Cyrus C. Hines 
 Oils Bullock John Hawkins 
 
 T Bemngton, 3d. Philip Hopkins 
 Bowen Bullock 2 John Henry 
 Russell Brings Olney Johnson 
 Elisha Baker Hollis R. Jenkes 
 
 James Congdon Perry G. James 
 Russell Chase John Jones 
 
 J >hn Hill Randall Sherman 
 
 George Hunt, jr. Alex. B. Sherman 
 Isaac Hyde Daniel Snell 
 
 Sylvanus Hopkins William Sweet 
 Thomas HieHihy Sylvester Stone 
 Joseph (3 Hopkins Joseph Sweet 
 Libbf us Taylor 
 Robert Taft 
 Ezra Tiffany 
 Thorn. Thompson 
 James Whitehorn . 
 Thomas Wilbour 
 Beriah Wall 
 Thomas Whipple 
 M. S Whitman 
 Benjamin Warner 
 
RHODE-ISLAND. 415 
 
 Paul N. Weaver A. Seamons Thomas Mayhew 
 
 Isaac Whitehead George Seamons John Marsh 
 
 Cranston. James Thorp Moses Norman 
 
 Jonathan Aborn * George Waterman Josehn H Patten 
 Joseph Aborn John Westcott Tim. R. Peckham 
 John Bracly Newport. Benj. H. Pitman 
 
 Wm K. Chapman John B. Atkinson Daniel Peckham 
 Amos Horton Andrew V Allen Isaac C Peckham 
 James Harris, jr. John Brown Daniel Pease 
 
 Benom Lockwood Thomas Brown Benjamin Pearce 
 Israel Smith Abraham Barker Joseph G Stevens 
 
 Reuben Smith, jr. Stephen Burdick Abraham Sherman 
 Nicholas Smith Stephen Barker Edward Stanhope 
 Starkely Smith David Bowen Isaac Stall 
 
 Elisha P Smith 6 John Banister George C. Shaw 
 
 John Williams 3d George C. Brown George W Stevens 
 Benojh Williams, jr. Freeborn CoggshallSilas Southwick 
 
 Eas$*Greenmch Green Carr Thomas Spooner 
 
 Wiiliam Brown Samuel Carr, jr. Joseph Southwick 
 Benjamin Bardine Caleb Coney John Tillinghast 
 
 John Casey D. W. Coggeshall Henry ^^w, jr. 
 
 Caleb B Capron Brainan &, Dennis Reubel ,/aber 
 Stephen Greene, jr. William M. Dyre John Tompkias 
 William Marsh William Douglass Edward Vose 
 George Peirce Edward Fowler David Williams 
 Thomas Peirce C. Fowler John Williams 
 
 H. T. Salisbury Henry Fowler Beriah Waite,jr. 
 Gideon C. Spink W. C. Green John E. W T illiams 
 
 Stephen Sweet Elisha Gibbs, jr. Johjf^Aornans/jf. 
 Ebenezer WilliamsGeorge Hall, jr. Jrf&lulence. 
 
 Foster. John S. Hiscox Lowell Adams 
 
 Benjamin Parker Benjamin Hadwen Amos M. Atwell 
 
 Johnston. Nathan Hammed Wm. A. Anthony 
 Daniel AngHl Benjamin Hall, jr. Dennis Aldrich 
 Aaron Aldrich, jr. Edward W. LawtonDavid At wood 
 Benjamin BrownellRobert D Lawton J G. Aldington . 
 Amos C. Barton Robert Lawton, jr. Cyrus Burlingame 
 Win. Chafu John B. Lyon John Boorn 
 
 John F. Gibbs Archibald Murnro William Rrower 
 Charles MathewsonHenry Moore James E. Butts 
 
 Thomas Mantoa Benjamin Marble Joseph Bradford 
 Henry Stone Benjamin Marble.jr.Francis Baily 
 
416 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 R L. Burroughs 
 James Burroughs 
 Oliver C. Barney 
 Wm Bridgman 
 
 aniel Branch 
 Arum a Bliss 
 Maaa Bassett 
 B Bennett 
 Joseph Bodge 
 
 Benjamin Hibbard Lemuel Smith 
 Joseph Hodges Thomas Shaw 
 Joseph Herring Samuel Shove 
 John G Hopkins Wnr. Sheldon 
 J. C Hardemmrgh Wm. Sutton 
 Btiij. Ilatl.a'vay Joseph G. 
 John i). Hendley 
 
 Pardon P. Jillson 
 Samuel Kenedy 
 
 Nicholas Brown, SdPower Knowles 
 Ariemas Brown 
 John Babcock 
 Charles Babcock 
 John Babsoa 6 
 William Cowring 
 Josiah Ca,dy 
 Griffin Child 
 Robert G. Cory 
 Chauncy CooUy 
 James Calder 
 Wm. Carpenter 
 Jonathan ^ mp man James Mason 
 Samuel Chdse Isaac Manchester 
 Nathan Daggett Lewis Najac 
 David C Durgin Wm N Olney 
 Joseph Davenport Nath. Procter 
 John Ellis Israel Peck 
 
 Benjamin C ^ddyRowse Potter 
 Lemuel Fi >>* William Pabodie 
 Daniel Fier^ William Person 
 
 Asa Ferguson Barnes M. Pik 
 Israel Fenner OJiver Price 
 
 Benjamin GladdjngMaHin Robicsori { 
 Zeph. Graves, 2-d. S. Remington, jr. 
 Thomas E GrinneltEben. Richardson 
 Samuel G. Godfrey James Smilh 
 Samuel Gill J( s ph Smith, 2d. 
 
 Geo. W. Glllmore Amos Silvester 
 John Gladding Daniel Salsbury 
 Jotharn Ham 
 Elisha Hicks 
 Bernoc Helme 
 
 Benajah Sweet 
 Charles Seaman 
 Ephraim Simmons 
 Wm. Tingley 
 Adolpbus Taft 
 Sheschiah Talbot 
 Smith Taft 
 Gorton Talhnan 
 Samuel Tiiurber 
 
 Simeon Kingsley 
 
 Nathaniel Kentjail 
 
 Eddy Luther 
 
 Charles Luke 
 
 J. Lyndenberger 
 
 Edward Lawrence Gardner Yaughan 
 
 Pardon Mason, jr. Thomas Voax 
 
 J. P. Manchester 
 
 Henr.v Miller 
 
 S(ep!;eo Martin 
 
 James Miller 
 
 Edward R. Weston 
 Jeremiah Whipple 
 N M Williams 
 Moses Whirtum 
 Joseph E. Whiting 
 Caleb Williams, jr. 
 Hercules Whitney 
 Joseph C. Weder 
 Junia Young 
 Saiouel Yates 
 North Providence. 
 Fairfax Abeb 
 George Arnold 
 B.ufus Alexander 
 John Allen 
 Daniel II . Arnold 
 San.'iiel. Anthony 
 Neheiriah Barro\vs 
 Eliab Blake 
 Mathew Blanchord 
 Silvanus Baker 
 Ho mas ] 
 
 JoJin W. Sargeant Edmund R Croa.de 
 Auiijros^ Si;ii rnons A Imison Carter ^ 
 Natianid htone Rlenaies Carter 
 
RHODE-ISLAND. 
 
 Thomas Carpenter Geideon Mavoy Dana Gale 
 Noah Draper John Parker Thomas Green 
 
 Nathl. G. B Dexter A. Relpt J M. Greenwood 
 
 Rufus Dunhan 
 Thos. W. Dexter 
 William Daggett 
 Caleb Down 
 Joel Daggett jr. 
 Jacob P. Fish 
 William Fowler 
 Enoch Fowler 
 Sylvester Grant 
 Lemuel H. Jenks 
 James V. Jenks 
 B. T. Kinnicutt 
 John T. Low den 
 Eliot Lamb 
 William Larchar 
 Ephraim Niles 
 John Pearce 
 Lewis Peck 
 Foster Peck 
 Severn Summers 
 Jesse Salsibury 
 Henry Taft 
 Stephen Taber 
 Ebeuezer Tyler 
 Joseph Vial 
 Knight Whipple 
 
 Anthony SweetlandEHsha Hopkins 
 William Tompkins James Huiton 
 Abner S. TompkinsLyndon Jenks 
 Jenks Wilkinson Arnold Jenks 
 William Young William Langdon* 
 
 Scekonk. H. L. Mansfield 
 Willard Armington William Ray 
 Lewis Arnold Daniel Ray 
 
 Thomas Budlong G. B Robenson 
 Luther Carpenter 
 -Cyrin French 
 Ira Gay 
 
 Henry Hopkins 
 Sampson Howe 
 William Hovey 
 John Haley 
 Jesse May 
 William Martin 
 George Nicolas 
 Roswell Potter 
 Daniel Sabin 
 B. S. Waleotte 
 Samuel Walker 
 John M. Walcotte Ezra Bevin 
 Nathan Yeamans Joseph Burton 
 
 Smilhjield. Aaron Bo win 
 
 Samuel G. WheelerRenjamin Almy Jabez- Burlingame 
 George A. Walter Parris Aldrich ' William Baker 
 John Whipple Christopher Almy Thomas Bordea 
 William WightmanJoseph Bennett N. P. P *^ 
 
 Scihtaie. Darius Ballon Phil>f illiocg 
 James Aldrich, 2d. William Beasly Clark iirown 
 
 J >hn Bezely jr. Lewis E Bevin 
 Daniel Card Ahab Opron $ 
 
 Ona Cerpenter Ira Colvin 
 J. Carpenter Agustus Carrell 
 
 James Carroll -J. C apron 
 John D Daggett George Curiea 
 Nathaniel Dav JPardoa P, Case 
 
 Isaac Taber 
 Cyrus Tracy 
 J/W. Tarpin 
 G. Wilkinson 
 JosephWViherhead 
 
 Wanwck. 
 Whitman Arnold 
 Henry Austin 
 John Allen 
 W, A. Arnold 
 Russell Arnold 
 G. B. Afiny 
 H D. Aylworth 
 J. G. Armstrong 
 
 Oliver Arnold 
 W. Burlingame 
 Seth.A. Curtis 
 Moses Collins 
 Jeremiah Fenner 
 Giles S Green 
 R. Hazzard 
 
418 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 Joab Cobnin 
 Royal Callum 
 George S. Case 
 John M. G. Cory 
 Abijah Collins 
 Timothy Crosby 
 David Duglass 
 Boon &, Duglass 
 Stephen Dexter 
 Thomas Ehlrid 
 Samuel Eldred 
 Thomas Eddy 
 Win. Fletcher 
 Samuel Els worth 
 W. M. Farland 
 Thomas F u?ier 
 Jeremiah Franklin 
 George Finey 
 Thomas Green 
 James W, Gorton 
 John Green 
 Edmund C. Gould 
 Benjamin Green 
 Olney Golf 
 Waterman Green 
 Samuel A. Gerald 
 Benjamin Green 
 Chiistopher Hall 
 John Holden 
 Elisha Harris 
 John L Thugis 
 James. U. Hasard 
 Slocwm Hall 
 Joseph Ho^^r-l 
 Russell Hat^rj 
 T. G, Humphrey 
 R. R. Hopkins 
 Celia Kilton 
 Jeremiah La .3d 
 Robert Sevailey 
 Cyril L. Morse 
 Joseph Matteson 
 
 Betsey Manchester James Yerrington 
 
 Samuel G. Niles 
 Abigil Nason 
 Daniel Nason 
 George Parker 
 Henry Porter 
 R M. Richmond, 2. 
 
 Wickford. 
 Henry Eldrid, jr. 
 Nathan Gardner 
 Jonathan Reynolds 
 Tanner & AraoW 
 Reynolds 
 
 Joseph Reynolds . 
 William Stanton, jr. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 John Brown, 3d. 
 Benjamin Cole 
 David Cole 
 Henry W. Child 
 William B. Child 
 John Folsom 
 Homas Ingriaham 
 Allen Luther 
 
 Job Smith 
 Caleb Snell 
 
 KEW-JERSEY. 
 
 Edward Randal 
 
 Nancy Russell 
 
 Windsor Russell 
 
 J. W. Rice 
 
 Peleg Remington 
 
 Thomas Rice 
 
 Nicholas Rogers 
 
 Allen Stafford 
 
 Isaac Sherman 
 
 George W Shaw 
 
 James M Shaw 
 
 Alexander T. ShawGeorge Marble 
 
 Easton Sherman Parmer Munroe 
 
 Thomas Standly 
 
 Elezer Slocum 
 
 Samuel C. Sweet 
 
 Loowell Spalding 
 
 John Siukins 
 
 Wiliiarh Tucker 
 
 Darnel Taiiner 
 
 Archibald Tyler 
 
 John Tallman 
 
 Stephen Vaughan 
 
 James Westcot 
 
 Wanton Weedon 
 
 R. Waterman 
 
 William Wood 
 
 Phyletus Wheelock Aaron B acorn 
 
 Henry Whitman Henry Bishop 
 
 Reuben Whitman 
 
 Samuel Wescott 
 
 Adrian Webb 
 
 S. W. Hightman 
 
 Moory William 
 
 Stepen Burrows 
 Elihu Britton 
 Daniel Ross, jr. 
 Jersey- Ciit/. 
 David Hinman 
 Abraham Vander- 
 beek 
 Newark. 
 
 Samuel Brovrn 
 Hugh Com mack 
 Joshua L. Church 
 Bethuel Dodd 
 James Dunlap 
 
 Susannah WestgateWm. Dunn 
 
VERMONT VIRGINIA N. HAMPSHIRE- CONNECTICUT. 419 
 
 John Force Jacob Peshine 
 
 Leonard A. Fox, 2 Charles Roff 
 
 Wm. Faherty 
 John Gardner 
 Darius Henry 
 Jonathan Keene 
 John A. King 
 
 Joel Ruland 
 Richard Samford 
 Stephen Sisco 
 Henry Shoemaker 
 Samuel Sisco 
 
 Thomas O. Kelsey Aaron Shipman 
 Joseph Y. Miller Jotham Taylor 
 Henry Massaker James Tooles 
 John Mowerison, jr.E. D Thompson 
 Abraham Mander- Stephen Taylor 
 
 ville Nicholas Voaden 
 
 Charles Mullen Abner Ward 
 Robart Nichols Elias Woodruff 
 Benjamin Perry 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Rutland. 
 Soloman Dois 
 Richard Muiom 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 Thomas Robinson 
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Plain/kid. 
 Ainasa Spooner 
 
 THE FOLLOWING NAMES WERE NOT RECEIVED IN TIME 
 TO BE INSERTED IN THEIR PROPER PLACES. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. George May Grariby. 
 
 Joel Loomis Walter Thrall 
 East-Hartford. Edward Warren 
 
 Joseph P. Jones, 5. Colchester, NEW- YORK. 
 James Pitkin Orin Brainard 
 
 Martin Stanley Chatham. New-York. 
 
 George Pitkin John Williams Abel Wheeler 
 

NEW- YORK. 
 
 421 
 
 Albany. Chester Foot 
 Benj. P. Johnson Orange Foot 
 Win Sharp Gurdon Fitch 
 
 Jas. W. Tichenor. John Green 
 
 Coeymans. John B Gregory 
 James J. Lisk. Hannah Crriffin 
 Clinton (Paris.) Calista Graham 
 Aze! Backus, D. D.Sewall Hopkins 
 President of Ha-George Hutton 
 milton College. Ephraim Hart 
 
 Charles Anderson 
 Anson Austin 
 Jas, C.BIoodgood 
 Samuel W. Brace 
 Geo. Bristol! 
 Norman Baldwin 
 Philander Bennett 
 Olive Berdslee 
 Oliver Barr 
 James Boyden 
 Joseph Besse 
 John Bar 
 Daniel Barker 
 Isaac Benedict 
 Joel Bristoll 
 Abijah Bruce 
 Josiah Bradner 
 Harvey Baldwin 
 S. W. Baldwin 
 John Bird 
 Daniel Curtiss 
 Isaac Culbert 
 Wyllis Curtis 
 
 Jared Mitchell 
 Joseph McEhvain 
 Isaac M. Molincaux 
 Sylvester Mirage? 
 Silas N. Merrit 
 Mary Marvin 
 Richard Marshall 
 Austin Mygatt 
 Jofciah Noyes 
 Hezekiah Nichols 
 Rev. A. S. Norton 
 Thos. Norton 
 Samuel Neaf 
 Isaac Olborn 
 
 Alvah Healy 
 
 Sherman Hickcox 
 
 B. Holden 
 
 Eleazar House 
 
 Sylvester P HerrickGeorge A. Pearson 
 
 Job Herrick Daniel Pearl 
 
 Eurctus P. HastingsJulius Pond 
 
 Charles Hastings Frederick Reese 
 
 Thomas Hart 
 
 Win. Hotchkiss 
 
 Orris Hart 
 
 Sherman Hosmer 
 
 Amon Ives 
 
 Barna Joslen 
 
 Josiah Jones 
 
 Seth Ives 
 
 Elias Johnson 
 
 Stephen W. CurilssE. S. Lee 
 David Comstock Herman Leonard 
 Chester Cheny 
 Abie! Carpenter 
 Jesse Congdon 
 Jesse Dorman, jr. 
 
 Abiram Ransford 
 Samuel Royce 
 Anna Strong 
 James S timers 
 George Stimers 
 Daniel Smith 
 Isaac Smith 
 Edward Sutliff 
 Joseph Stebbius 
 Curtis Johnson John Shapeley 
 Charles P. KirklandEIizabeth Sherman 
 Elisha Kelsey, jr. Samuel Smith 
 George Klinck Wm. Stebbins, jr. 
 Aaron Kellogg Samuel Tyler 
 Henry Kellogg Eiisha Trowbridge 
 Elj^ihF Tracy 
 Saiiford Tracy 
 Charles Thompson 
 S. A. Van Vechteti 
 
 Charles E. Ford 
 Dan Foot 
 
 Wm. Lambert 
 Jeduthan Ladd 
 John Lay 
 James Lezanby 
 Alpha Miller 
 John Minor 
 
 Canvass White 
 Marcus Willys 
 Luman Woodruff 
 David Wood 
 
 Mm 
 
422 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 John Winter Orpha M. Gould Jacob P. Weber 
 
 Jpsiah A. Whitney David Holt Henry S. Whiting 
 
 Aaron Hackley, jr. Wm. Webster 
 Wm. Jacks Daniel Wallaver 
 
 Benjamin Kelsey Asa B. Ward. 
 Ira Kingsbury Johnstown. 
 
 James Kennedy Pardon Allen 
 Thomas LivingstonElizabeth Allen 
 C. D. Lounsbury Arch'd. Anderson 
 Wm. Lappon John A. Wemple 
 Daniel Morse David D. Bedford 
 
 Peter M. Myers Asa Child 
 Levi C. Morehouse Henry Coriklin 
 Patrick Mahon Pelly Crosby 
 Alanson Merry A. Danforth 
 Michael M. Myers David Foraian 
 
 Hannah Warner. 
 
 Guilderldin. 
 Maria Radcliff. 
 Herkiiner. 
 John Alexander 
 Wm Anthony 
 Peter F. Biilinger 
 Archibald Blair 
 F. Bellinger 
 Aleiien Battle 
 Jno. A. Bury 
 John Buchannan 
 ohn Brotheroe 
 H. G. Barlow 
 Frederic Clute 
 Dan Chapman 
 
 Asa Munger 
 
 Lucy Miles 
 
 Silas W. Champlin John Nicholson 
 John B. Crane Elijah G. Orton 
 James I. Campbell Abraham Parmale Jeremiah Hilton 
 Samuel I. Curtiss Daniel C. Pratt John Hammond 
 
 Daniel Holden 
 Jonas Holden 
 Thomas Harvey 
 Wm. Holland 
 
 Jno. Me Comes 
 Ira Crane 
 Jonathan Dye 
 H. W. Doolittle 
 Thomas Dolin 
 Thos. O. Enos 
 Serene Fosgate 
 Jabez Fox 
 Mather Fish 
 John Ford 
 Eli Frink 
 Reuben Foster 
 Jacob P. Fobs 
 Benjamin Fitch 
 George H. Feeter 
 Abel Gifford 
 JohnG.Gilb 
 Wm. Girvan 
 Richard L Griffin 
 
 Mary Pinney 
 John Phillips 
 George Pomeroy 
 Josiah Pierson 
 Betsey Perry 
 George Plato 
 Phineas Pearle 
 Wai. Richardson 
 WKL! Seeber 
 Mosee Smith 
 Isaac Stanley 
 Wm. L. Stone 
 James Shaw 
 H, W. Stevens 
 Samuel Smith 
 Thomas Smith 
 Abijah Tumbling 
 Adam Uline 
 Peter Van Curen 
 
 James Lobdeli 
 John H. Lansing 
 Duncan McVean 
 John Mason, jr. 
 Hector McLean 
 John McKay 
 Eliot Mills 
 John G. Murray 
 Daniel McVean 
 Sarah Mclntyre 
 S McCornwell 
 Abm. Morrell 
 Mary Marsh 
 E. B. Morehouse 
 Joseph McKeec 
 Joseph Packard, 6 
 Peter F Putman 
 Aaron A. Putman 
 Deida. L. Rockwell 
 
NEW-YORK. 
 
 423 
 
 John Reas 
 
 James Stewart 
 Win. Sexton 
 Jeremiah S lattery 
 Matthias Stafford 
 Peter Stewart 
 Francis Still, jr. 
 Jacob Sharp 
 Sara Tulle 
 John Traver 
 
 Win. S. Clark 
 N. Caulking 
 Wm. Curtis 
 John Chadwick 
 Henry Church 
 Wm Chapman 
 Cyrus Davis 
 E. S Davis 
 Francis Dean 
 Clarissa Davis 
 
 Barent H VroomanJohn Dabron 
 Peter A. Vasburgh Polly Dunlap 
 
 Jane Van Home 
 Joseph Willmarth 
 Joshua Waren 
 Asahel Whitney 
 Hugh Wright 
 James Wilson 
 Jacob Yost. 
 
 New-Lebanon. 
 W. W. Norton. 
 New York. 
 Samuel H. Burk 
 Wm. Egbert 
 
 New-Hartford. 
 Seth Birge 
 
 E. Dickinson 
 Sophia Edgerton 
 Charles Edgerton 
 John Eames 
 Daniel Eells 
 Samuel Fry 
 Hezekiah Ford 
 Daniel Foster 
 Joseph Foster 
 George Frazer 
 Lewis Green 
 Susan Gregg 
 Julius Goodrich 
 Leonard Goodrich 
 
 Kezekiah BeardsleePeleg Gilford 
 Elizabeth Birchard Samuel Hecox 
 
 Nancy Brooks 
 Ashbel Beach 
 Melancton Barnet 
 Eri Brooks 
 John Baldwin 
 James M Barnet 
 Samuel Barker 
 Elvira Brooks 
 John Bradner 
 Urania Byington 
 Rachel Butler 
 Elisha Bowec 
 Ira Cook 
 
 Martha Hubbard 
 Marrin Huntington 
 Horace Haznlin 
 Asahel Higby 
 Augustus Hurlburt 
 Jesse R. Hovey 
 F Huntington 
 Samuel Haven 
 Anna Hart 
 Ansel Hart 
 Heman Hopkins 
 Matthias Hurlburt 
 Elias Hart 
 
 Isaac Ingham 
 Roderick Kellogg 
 Warren Kellogg 
 Gustavus Kilburn 
 JJiisha Latham 
 Charles Latham 
 Lovina Latham 
 Josiah Lee 
 John II. Lathrop 
 John Lesain, jr. 
 Charles Loud 
 Samuel Lockwood 
 Henry Lockwood 
 Charlotte Mills 
 John Mulford 
 Win. Morris 
 Benjamin Merrell 
 John T. Osbora 
 Jesse Olmsted 
 Elias C. Page 
 Alphia Pixley 
 H. M. D. Packard 
 George Peacock 
 Thomas Price 
 Alphcus Prince 
 Mary Pettengili 
 Silas Raws on 
 Josiah Roberson 
 D. W. Randal 
 J. cN. Richardson 
 Hannah Reed 
 George Standarfc 
 Oliver Sanford 
 Joseph Shepard 
 Charlotte Sherman 
 Lewis Sherril 
 Asa Shepard 
 Alfred Smith 
 Stephen Skinner 
 Caleb Smith 
 Asa Simons 
 
424 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 Daniel L. 'Short 
 Gilbert Stehbins 
 Harvey Spaifo/d 
 Abnei 1 Seymour 
 Hiram Seymour 
 
 Amos Stacy 
 John Strong 
 Horace Smith 
 Eliphaz Tyler 
 harles Webber 
 
 Josiah H. SeymourS. C. L. Warden 
 Uriah Seymour John Wicks 
 Hannah Seymour Wm. Walker 
 
 Lucy Stand ley 
 .Austin Shaw 
 Ephrahn Turner 
 ^ainuel Teed 
 Cornelius Tower 
 John W. Thayer 
 
 Rome. 
 S. W. Andrews 
 John Biinn 
 Arba Blair 
 T. Brackney 
 S H. Burnham 
 Ahby Bullock 
 Rev. D. Dudleys. 
 Pliny Darrow 
 John Driggs 
 Daniel Day jr. 
 Asa Danforih 
 Lewis; Ellis 
 John Elward 
 
 Eiisha Williams 
 
 Wm. M. Winship 
 Mo&es Wade 
 
 unas Williams 
 
 ez Winchester 
 .Oiivui Weils 
 Far *<?. 
 Hawxhurst Adding- Wm. J. Ecker 
 
 ton Philip Tiitr 
 
 '\Yro. W.. Buckley Amos Flint 
 i \ Burlingam Charles Faie! 
 
 ry Bates Enos Gilbert 
 
 Russell Brooks Eoxcy R. Graves 
 EzraB. Brews lei' John Gibbecs 
 .Tares Curtis . Thomas Giiscn 
 
 ::3 Grain Parker HaHeek 
 Uri--D6oiittle Lois Hart 
 
 Sajnuei Estabrooks John Houldin 
 Wm. Gere 
 
 :i Hawley 
 Elnathan Judd 
 Joel C. Lewis 
 George T. Pearce 
 David Ramsey 
 Daniel Stanton 
 
 Mose 
 Milo Hunt 
 Tilncsis Hawley 
 Norman Jndcl 
 Simpson Johnson 
 Edwin Kinncy 
 Wm. Kittrick 
 
 George .F, Simmons James King 
 
 Joshua Kirkland 
 Newton Lovejoy 
 Joseph Low 
 Isaac Lee 
 John W. Lynde 
 Nutna Leonard 
 Anthony Merrills 
 Silas Matteson 
 Robert Mastin 
 Polly Manville 
 George Mordoif 
 Andrew Putnam 
 Jemiah Rowley 
 Seth B. Roberts 
 James Reynolds 
 Mayor Rising 
 Isaac J. Sexton 
 Jonathan Tibbits 
 Oliver Willcox 
 Ralph White 
 John .Went worth 
 Jabez West 
 Eleazar Waterman 
 James Wilson 
 Jonas Warren 
 
 Sehenectady. 
 John Anderson 
 James Ackert 
 David Allen 
 Garret I. Becker 
 Sylvester Brown 
 James Bradford 
 M. & E. Bailey 
 Abraham Becker 
 Gerrit Barhydt 
 John Bovee 
 Jacob D. Babcock 
 Daniel Burt . 
 Henry Beeckman 
 John Barker 
 Mvndr Brown 
 
425 
 
 A. Barhydt 
 Nicholas Bradt 
 Seth K. Burgess 
 Cornelius Bradt 
 Aaron Burt 
 J. J. Barhu^dt 
 J. N. Barheydt 
 Philip Rochman 
 Luther Babbit 
 E Cushman 
 Henry Chester 
 A. B. Converse 
 Richard Cooke 
 Myron Cole 
 Smith Chase 
 Douwe Clule 
 John B. Clute, jr. 
 Abraham Corl 
 W. Conkling 
 Wessel Clute 
 Moses Crane 
 Christopher Clark 
 Samuel Cranston 
 James Coon 
 Peter Clute, jr. 
 G. Q Carley 
 Thomas Campbell 
 Peter J Clute 
 Nancy Clark 
 Isaac J. Clute 
 R. Consauls 
 Maria Corl 
 Jacob C. Consaul 
 Eliza Cox 
 Adam Can* 
 Obed Chandler 
 Wm. C. Denney 
 George D unbar 
 John Dratt 
 Daniel S. DegrafF 
 Mary Duboi 
 
 J. W. Eastburn 
 Jacob D. Fonda 
 Catharine Freeman 
 Jelles A. Fonda 
 Isaac V. Ferrell 
 Cornelius Gates 
 P. C. Gansevoort 
 Cornelius Glen 
 Lewis Groat 
 Walter Groesback 
 MB. Harrington 
 H. P. Hunt 
 Alexander Hall 
 Samuel Hill 
 John Heaton 
 David Hearsy 
 Hannah Hecock 
 James Hillscn 
 John JIarman 
 John Johnson 
 Thomas limes 
 Isaac Johnson 
 Ealaci Kittle 
 S. P. Lemoine 
 C. Y. Lansing 
 John I). Lawyer 
 Robert Lansing 
 Aaron D Lane 
 Isaac Ladue 
 John Ludiow 
 El is ha Laird 
 David Little 
 John A. Morrison 
 John Moffat 
 Isaac Miller 
 Robert Maltliev/s 
 C. R. K. Mosher 
 T. McArthur 
 Maria Morrison 
 A. McCornock 
 John McCall 
 M m 2 
 
 John H. Moyston 
 
 George W. Morselis 
 
 Wrn. Munrcc 
 
 D McChasney 
 
 J. A. McDoogall 
 
 Aron Merselis 
 
 Win McClyman 
 
 E Nott,D.*D. Pres- 
 ident of the Un- 
 ion College. 
 
 Daniel Nichofs 
 
 Robert Osbiirn 
 
 Ann Owens 
 
 Moses Ogden 
 
 Lydia Oliver 
 
 Joseph Patterson 
 
 James Pitman 
 
 Eliza Paulding 
 
 Katharine Paul ding 
 
 John Plait 
 
 John C. Poweil 
 
 Hermon Peters 
 
 Win. Palmer 
 
 Henry Peek 
 
 Christopher C. Peek 
 
 J Y. Peek, jr. 
 
 Sidney Redfield 
 
 Emmy Rouw 
 
 J Riggs 
 
 John B. Roberson 
 
 James Rogers 
 
 John J. Randall 
 
 A. Rockwell 
 
 Jacob Ryan 
 
 George Ross 
 
 Portion G. Sea bury 
 
 Geo. A. Shufelclt 
 
 M. Schermeihorn 
 
 J. S. Schermerbom 
 
 Daiel Shields 
 
 Samuel Sttcra 
 
426 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 John Shaw Asa K. Ward 
 
 Cyrus M. Stebbins Margaret Watson 
 J. B. ScherrnerhornBetsey Whitten 
 M S'chermerhorn J Walton 
 J. Schoonmaker John Wilkie 
 Abraham Sw its jr. S. M. Williams 
 Liezabeth Shuler H. A. Williams 
 Joseph Shot well Andrew White 
 Alida Swits Eleanor Ward 
 
 Maria Shears Richard Ward 
 
 A. J. SchermerhcrnJames Wasson 
 Phebe Spring 
 John Taunahill 
 I. H. Ten Eyck 
 James Thomas 
 John F. Fruax 
 George Uphold jr. 
 
 James Coles 
 Esekiel Clark 
 Thos. Colling 
 Erastus Clark 
 Thos. H. Clark 
 JohnD. Cray 
 Erastus Cross 
 Heman W. Clark 
 Wilson Carr 
 Eli Chad wick 
 Ira Cummins 
 Thos. Cornwall 
 D. W. Childs 
 Abraham Culver 
 
 Utica. 
 
 Albert A. Vedder Seth Allen 
 Gnert Van Schoon- Henry Back 
 
 haven F. A. Bloodgood 
 
 Harman R. Van J. A. Bingham 
 
 Huysen Orin Brons'on 
 
 Elizabeth VroomanJohn Bradish 
 Ji. Van Veghten Henry Battles 
 Oliver Babcock 
 Saml. Beach 
 Eustice Bronson 
 Levi Barn urn 
 
 Henry Van Den 
 
 Bergh 
 
 Clara Vedder 
 J. Van Laver 
 J. Vendebogort 
 H. G!e Van Ing 
 H. Van Veghten 
 
 D. Van. Derby den Nehemiah Brown 
 
 Helen Vedder 
 M. T. E. Vceder 
 H. Van Voast 
 J. B. Peflen 
 
 Harman Veeder 
 
 N. I. Van Dcbogart James Battle, jr. 
 
 .1 Van Antwerp Win. Culverson 
 
 11. Van RensseikerStoddard Colton 
 I. Van. Wie George Caller 
 
 G. G. Young. 
 Troy. 
 
 John Morrison 
 
 James W. MorrisonG. &, T. Christian 
 Rt P. McManus. Amos Carpenter 
 John Culver 
 Wm. Donnington 
 Samuel Danforth 
 Jesse W. Doolittle 
 Win. Donaldson 
 Augustine G.Dauby 
 David R. Dixon 
 Seth D wight 
 Israel Decker 
 J. H. Dodd 
 Maria Dorchester 
 Henry Egleston 
 Augustus Elmer 
 John E Evertscn 
 Jeremiah Ethridge 
 Jonathan Evans 
 Aaron Egleston 
 Samuel Flint 
 James Fall 
 Theodore Faxon 
 John Garrison 
 Samuel J. Grannie 
 J. C. Guiteau 
 Phiries Goodwin 
 Thomas Geor 
 
 Henry Bowen 
 John Bouck 
 Gurdon Burchard 
 
 James Brown 
 JohnC Bull 
 Samuel Bardwell 
 Oliver Barton 
 Adam Bo man 
 
NEW-YORK. 
 
 427 
 
 Amos Gridley Lydia Mitchell 
 John M. HerringtonThos. More 
 Johathan Hedges Robert Miller 
 Thos M Hathaway Joseph Myers 
 Jesse Hooker Merrell k Camp 
 
 James Hicks Wm. Nickerson 
 
 Augustus Hickcox Allen Peck 
 Jonathan Hoyt Wm. F. Potter 
 David Hasbrouck Asa Palmer 
 Benjamin Hinraan John Queal 
 Horace J. Hulbert 
 
 J. Van Renssellaer 
 W. H. Wolcott 
 Samuel Ward 
 Lydia Willmot 
 Lyman Worden 
 Abraham Williams 
 Judah Williams 
 N. M. Whittemore 
 Thomas Walker 
 N. N. Wraver 
 
 Warren Raymond Therlow Wead 
 Oliver Ramsdeil Wm. Whiteby 
 Truman Rood Benjamin Wilse 
 Win. Howe S. Wood worth 
 
 Asahel Reberts, jr. John Wei's 
 Reuben Ramsdill Robert Wilson 
 Griffiith Roberts 
 Ralph II. Rogers 
 Septibah Harpham Riley Rogers 
 A. Jermain Michael Rouney 
 
 Butler & Jones 
 A. Johnson 
 John S. Kunzel 
 David Lanterman 
 H. W. Livingston 
 Elisha Love tt 
 Henry Lewis 
 Calvin Lincoln 
 
 Ezra Lowell Windsor Stone, jr. Nathan Davis, jr. 
 
 Wm. Lowell Nicholas Smith James Dougherty 
 
 Thomas Lai i more Asher Smith Barker Darling 
 
 John Slorrs Jonathan Elderkin 
 
 John S. Simonson Percy Eames 
 
 John Houston 
 Jos S. Hull 
 James Hopper 
 Barker Hancock 
 Wm. Hayes, jr. 
 Jacob Harter 
 David Hills 
 
 George Rogers 
 
 Christian StockmanJonathan Bunce 
 
 Thomas Wilson 
 M. Yates 
 
 Vernon. 
 
 Robert Anderson 
 Einathan Benedict 
 
 Daniel Stafford 
 Shubael Storrs 
 Erastus Shepard 
 Wm. Sickels 
 Charles Smith 
 John Snow, jr. 
 
 Joseph Bartlet 
 John W. Bond 
 John Botsford 
 Chas. S. Compton 
 Wm. Cary 
 Amos Carman 
 
 Morris S. Miller 
 Church Miller 
 Theodore Miller 
 Peter Mix 
 Wm. Morris 
 James McClesney 
 Andrew Merrell 
 Alb. B. Munroe 
 Henry Maroin 
 Susannah Morris 
 
 Artemas Sayles 
 Henry Tisdale 
 Daniel Tice 
 B. K. Thomas 
 Abijah Thomas 
 Jacob Tours 
 Ashel Tyler, jr. 
 
 John Fitch 
 Win. Foot 
 Samuel Gay 
 John Grousbecfc 
 James Gardiner 
 Jos. Hopkins 
 Sands Higtnboihain 
 
 Wm. A, Tenncry Gilbert Hal! 
 
SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 Daniel Hosmer 
 
 Harvey Hamltn 
 
 Philip Hoagle 
 
 He man Hitchcock 
 
 Richard Hall 
 
 Ba;zilia Howard 
 
 Perry Hubbart 
 
 Daniel Hawley 
 
 Anthony Hilt 
 
 Asher Huntington 
 
 Zera Ives 
 
 Miller Jackson 
 
 Martin Kirtland 
 
 Chauncey KirkhamDaniel Crandal 
 
 Sally Lainphear Seth Capron 
 
 Whiiesborough. 
 George Andrews 
 Perry Allen 
 Rufus Brown 
 Benjamin Brown 
 Luther Bennett 
 T. Barnard 
 L Berry 
 Henry Barley- 
 Ed ward Barnard 
 Melinda Bishop 
 Stephen Bowen 
 Samuel Cook, jr. 
 
 Horatio Marsh 
 
 Obed Marsh 
 
 Hannah Norton 
 
 Dennis Neal 
 
 Rufus Pettibone 
 
 David Piersoii 
 
 Josiah Patten 
 
 Sylvester Pease 
 
 Elijah Root 
 
 Jacob Russell 
 
 Joseph Roberts 
 
 Asa Richardson 
 
 Grove Stoddard 
 
 John B. Stone 
 
 H. R. Schoolcraft 
 
 Thomas Stephens 
 
 Grinold Stannard 
 
 Charles Thompson Jane Dusten 
 
 Wm. W. Williams Susan Eefls 
 
 Josiah Warner 
 
 Wm. Ward 
 
 Robert Watterson 
 
 Edward Whitney 
 
 Asa Willard 
 
 Abraham Younss 
 
 Elijah Colson 
 
 Richard Cook 
 
 Christopher Cook 
 
 Archibald Cook 
 
 Abram Camp 
 
 Wm. M. Cheever 
 
 Vine H. Clark 
 
 Elisha Capron 
 
 Joseph Culver 
 
 Franklin Clark 
 
 Catharine Coburn 
 
 Sally Douglass 
 
 Wm. Dewey 
 
 Ira Dickinson 
 
 Virgil Draper 
 
 Jonathan Dusten 
 
 Ebenezer DemmonJenckes Perkins 
 Charlotte Pick en 
 Newcom Phillips 
 
 Silvester Ferris 
 
 Daniel Furgesen 
 
 Daniel Fones 
 
 Sarah Gray 
 
 Elihu Grant 
 
 Samuel Gregg 
 
 Tbo; Gilbert 
 
 Josiah Goodrich 
 Ebenezer Grant 
 Joseph Goodliff 
 Abraham Goodrich 
 James Goss 
 Patrick Gesner 
 Margaret Goss 
 Hannah Goodrich 
 Robert Hume&tone 
 Joseph Hall 
 Charles Hickcox 
 Ezra Holbrook 
 C. A. Harwood 
 Wm Haskin 
 John Harbottle 
 Jesse Ives 
 Alanson Ingham 
 Simeon Jones 
 Martha Johnson 
 Philo Leach 
 Abraham Miner 
 Wm. M-Elray 
 James M'Gan 
 Matilda Merrill 
 John Mott 
 Herbert B. Mann 
 Andrew Miller 
 Sylvanus Metcalf 
 Lem'l. Covel Mott 
 John Newhouse 
 Hezekiah Olmsted 
 
 David Perkins 
 Win. Palmur 
 Jesse Russell 
 Nathaniel Russell 
 Abel Rose 
 Jonathan Rose 
 Oliver G. Rogers 
 
MASSACHUSETTS RHODE-ISLAND CONNECTICUT. 129 
 
 Justus Riley 
 Lauren Sprague 
 Theodore Sill 
 Ezekiel Steward 
 Ezra Stiles 
 E. A. Scott 
 Augustus Spencer 
 A. Smith 
 Amos Saterlee 
 David Spooner 
 Pliny Smalley 
 Martha Smith 
 Lorrin Selkrig 
 Eunice Smith 
 Wm. Tilden 
 Luthena Vorce 
 Benj. S. Walcott 
 Philo White 
 Arnos Wetmore 
 Wm. Wilcox 
 John P. Watson 
 Josiah Wheele* 
 John Wright 
 Wm. Webb 
 James C. Winter 
 Joseph White 
 Simon Wait 
 
 Asher W^etmore Robert Berts 
 Abby Wood worth Wm. Rowland 
 Sarah Work Darius Roads 
 
 Ephraim Willson Daniel Thurston 
 Erasius WoodworthWm. Thompson 
 
 Westmoreland. John Thusten 
 Harry Bliss. John Veer 
 
 John Wetmore, jr. 
 MASSACHUSETTS. Thos. Whiteliouse 
 
 Orlando Wetmore 
 Deerfeld. 
 John Adams 
 John Brown 
 Samuel Baker 
 Nath'l. Grossman 
 Dan Daniels 
 Lemuel Deleno 
 Peter Fair 
 Wm. Francis 
 Dolly Graham 
 Robert Kurd 
 Cornelius Hall 
 Netus Hobby 
 Thomas Jones 
 James Kenedy 
 Gardner Mason 
 Win. Peck 
 
 Lenox. 
 Catharine Barkley. 
 
 Pittsfeld. 
 John Dickinson 
 Aaron Newell 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 SouthrKingstown. 
 James B. Hazard, 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Danhury. 
 Lewis Hiibbel