GIFT or MICHAEL REESE Digitized by tine Internet Arcinive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcliive.org/details/aeschylusagamemnOOaescricli Clannbn '§xm Bmt$ AESCHYLUS AGAMEMNON IV/TH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY A. SIDGWICK, M.A. Tutor of Corpus Ckristi College, Oxford Late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Assistant Master of Rugby School AT THE CLARENDON PRESS i88i [^ All rights reserved^ Hontrott HENRY FROWDE OXPOBD UNIVEBSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 7 PATEENOSTER ROW ^"H^'St. p'3 ^9 PREFACE. The difficulty of editing Aeschylus' Agamemnon for schools is due to the fact that the play is in many ways too hard for school boys, though it will always continue, and rightly continue, to be read at school for the sake of its incomparable grandeur and beauty. For example, much of the difficulty of the Agamemnon is owing to the corruptness of the MSS.; and while it is impossible in editing it to put aside discussion of the text, it is not desirable with beginners to enter much into such points, ijor even with more advanced students, except to a limited- extent. At the same time the better boys in the Upper form of a public school ought to be taught the elements of text criticism : — and the Agamem- non is not at all a bad play for the purpose. Under these circumstances I have thought it best to give all the important MS. variations in the text, and to give reasons in the notes for the readings adopted. The teacher can use this as much or as little as he likes. The mass of literature on the Agamemnon is so great that it is almost impossible to mention all one's obligations. The list of editors and emendators consulted or quoted is given at page xxi ; but I may add that I have studied, more fully than the rest, the editions of Dindorf, Paley, Schneidewin, Enger, Hermann, and Kennedy : and that to all I owe much, a 2 IV PREFACE. especially to Enger for interpretation, and Hermann for text. Besides these I have tried to master the main contributions of Schiitz, Weil, Wellauer, Klausen, Hartung, Karsten, Scho- mann, and Madvig. Hartung, Karsten, and Schomann are all very ingenious and suggestive, especially Hartung: and all too much given to emendation. Madvig, though I believe he has got the right reading in one hard passage by a brilliant conjecture (1228), is not usually happy in his suggestions in this play ^ I also owe not a little to suggestions in casual papers ; amongst which I must mention Zeyss on the religious ideas of Aeschylus, Gottingen 1829, Professor Campbell's paper in the American Journal of Philology, Dec. 1880, and Pro- fessor Goodwin's paper on Agamemnon, read before the American Philological Association, 1877, ^^e last two kindly sent me by the authors. One beautiful emendation (1172) I owe to my friend Mr. Thomas Miller, of Canterbury School, New Zealand. In the Introduction and Notes I have mostly abandoned the meaningless custom of writing the Greek names accord- ing to their Latin corruptions. I perhaps ought to apologise for not having done this completely: but some names are so naturalised in their Latin dress that I have not changed them. Oxford, 1881. ^ It is astonishing to find some of the best German editors displaying imperfect acquaintance with the iambic metre. I have observed seven false quantities among emendations confidently put forth by eminent scholars. Even the great Madvig propounds a cretic. C O N TfE N T S. PAGE Introduction vii The Oresteia vii Story and Plot of Agamemnon . viii Earlier versions of the Story . ix Modifications of the Story X The Drama of the Agamemnon . xi The Moral and Religious Ideas xiii The Characters xiv The Choric Songs xvii The Manuscripts xix The Editions . xxi The Text xxii Translations . xxiii Text . I Notes . 63 Appendices and Indic ES . 140 INTRODUCTION. The Oresteia. The Agamemnon is one of a set of three plays which all dealt with the same story, each constituting as it were one act of a great drama. Such sets were called trilogies, and according to the ordinary theory were acted on the same occasion, and were usually followed by a fourth play of a lighter cast (called Satyric dramas, from the Satyr or attendant of Dionysos, which originally was a leading part in it) : the whole four being called a tetralogy. The subject of the Satyric play in this instance is traditionally recorded to have been ' Proteus.' Considerable doubt has been thrown upon this theory of trilogies or tetralogies ; but it is at least clear that the three plays in this case were all composed by the poet with reference to each other. The Agamemnon relates the return and murder of the king (the Crime) ; in the second play, the Ghoephoroe, Orestes comes back and slays his mother Klytaemnestra (the Vengeance) ; while in the third, the Eume- nides, the matricide is released from the furies who have pur- sued him, and acquitted by divine interposition before the Areio- pagos at Athens (the Reconciliation). About the Proteus we know nothing \ The date of the Agamemnon is given as B.C. 458, and the poet won the first prize. ' The presumable division of parts is as follows in the Aga- memnon : — Chief actor or Protagonist : Klytaemnestra. Second actor or Deuteragonist : Kassandra. Third actor or Tritagonist : Agamemnon. Watchman, Herald, Aegisthos, divided among the others. Chorus of Argive elders. ^ Except three fragmentary lines and a few words, preserved by gram- marians and scholiasts, and printed among the fragments of Aeschylus. Vlll INTRODUCTION. The Story and the Plot of the Agamemnon. Th e, story is the return and murder of Agamemnon by Klvtaemne_s tr3 hi«^ wifp, aidpf^ hy hpr l^vpr Aegfisthos: Aga- memnon is arrorpp^Tiig^ ^Y ^ c'aptjve, the princess and prophetess Kassandra, and she is murdered by the same hands at the same time. The story is as old as Homer, and Aeschylus gives it, as will be seen below, with some differences. The action of the play in detail is as follows : — Agamemnon has been absent for ten years at Troy. Meanwhile his wife Klytaemnestra has been ruling Argos (not Mykenae, see note on line i), in conjunction with her lover Aegisthos. The news of the capture of Troy is daily expected, and the play opens with the appearance of the night-watchman on the roof, waiting (as he has been for a year past) for the beacon fire which is to announce the victory. While the watchman is complaining of his troubles, the flame flashes out, and he goes to tell his mistress (Prologue). The chorus enter and sing; meanwhile the queen comes out, and is seen lighting the altar fires and preparing for a festal display in honour of the event. The leader of the chorus > learns from her the tidings, and after describing the beacgn^ace, she imagines the scene in Troy, and expresses a hope that all will end well (Scene i). After another choric song the Herald appears, who describes, first, the sufferings before Troy, and, finally, the storm which scattered the fleet; the queen sends by him a welcome to her lord (Scene 2). In Scene 3 Agamemnon returns, with Kas^ndra; Klytaemnestra greets her lord, and persuades him to st^p into the palace over purple carpets. In Scene 4 the queen orders in Kassandra, but as the prophetess sits mute and disregards her, she retires. Kassandra then delivers herself of her visions, and a nnounces the murder of the king and of herself . The groans are heard behind the scenes; the doors open, and Klytaemnestra is seen with the dead. She justifies her deed, and y afterward Aegisthos comes forth and exults ; and just as the Argives are about to assail him, the queen s£eps in and stays the tumult. Earlier Versions of the Story. The earliest version of the story must be gathered from the following passages in Homer ^ : — ^ Quoted from the beautiful translation by Butcher and Lang. INTRODUCTION. IX (i) Od. i. 35. 'Even as of late Aegisthos, beyond that which was ofdained, took to him the wedded wife of Atreides, and killed her lord on his return, and that with sheer doom before his eyes, since we [the gods,' Zeus is speaking] had warned him by the mouth of Hermes . . . that he should nfeither kill the man nor woo his wife. For from Orestes shall there be vengeance for Atreides so soon as he shall come to man's estate and long for his own country. So spake Hermes, yet he prevailed not on the heart of Aegisthos.' (2) Od. iii. 263. * [Aegisthos] living in peace in the heart of Argos . . . spake oftentimes to the wife of Agamemnon and tempted her. Verily at the first she would none of the foul deed, the fair Klytaemnestra, for she had a good understanding. Moreover there was with her a minstrel, whom the son of Atreus straitly charged as he went to Troy to have a care of his wife. But when at last the doom of the gods bound her to her ruin, then did Aegisthos carry the minstrel to a lonely isle, and left him there to be the prey and spoil of birds ; while, as for her, he led her to his house, a willing lover with a willing lady [304] ^^^ for seven years he ruled over Mykenae, rich in gold, after he slew the son of Atreus, and the people were subdued unto him. But in the eighth year came upon him goodly Orestes back from Athens to be his bane, and slew the slayer of his father.' (3) Od. iv. 521. *Then verily did Agamemnon set forth with joy upon his country's soil, .... and the watchman spied him from his tower, whom crafty Aegisthos had led and posted there, promising him for a reward two talents of gold. Now he kept watch for a ' year, lest Agamemnon should pass by him when he looked not, and mind him of his wild prowess. So he went to the house to bear the tidings to the shepherd of the people. And straightway Aegisthos contrived a cunning treason. He chose out twenty of the best men in the township, and set an ambush, and on the further side of the hall he bade prepare a feast. Then with chariot and horses he went to bid to the feast Agamemnon, shepherd of the people : but caitiff thoughts were in his heart. He brought him up to his house all unwitting of his doom, and when he had feasted him, slew him, as one slayeth an ox at the stall. And none of the company of Atreides were X INTRODUCTION. left, nor any of the men of Aegisthos, but they were all killed in the halls.' (4) Od. xi. 409. [Shade of Agamemnon speaks.] >< Aegisthos slew me, with the aid of my accursed wife .... after he had bidden me to his house .... Even so I died, and round me my company likewise were slain without ceasing ..... And most pitiful of all, I heard the voice of the daughter of Priam, of Kassanjra, whom the trait( ^r(?"'^ Klyt^emnestra sl ew hard by mje; but as for me, as I strove to raise my hands I dropped them to the earth as I lay dying .... Naught is more shameless than a woman who imagines such evil in her heart, even as she too planned a foul deed, fashioning death for her gentle lord.' Modifications of the Story. It will be seen not only that the tale, as Aeschylus gives it, is different in many particulars from the Homeric story, but also that in the different passages of the Odyssey different versions seem to have been current ; or at least it is possible to trace a development of the mythus. In Homer it is Aegisthos who does the murder, either alone, as (i) seems to imply, or by an ambuscade, as (3) tells us. Also Aegisthos is not in Agamemnon's palace : he took Klytaemnestra to his own house (2) : and there entertained the king (3), and there murdered him. Aegisthos' motive is not mentioned, but seems to be mere ambition. Klytaemnestra in (i), (2), and (3) is not said to have had any- thing to do with the murder, but is only described as unfaithful : while in (4) she * planned the foul deed,' and 'aided' the murderer, and herself killed Kassandra. ' The 'minstrer who watched over the wife appears in (2) only and is nowhere else alluded to. Kassandra appears only in (4). In Aeschylus Aegisthos is only secondary in the murder : he is ' a recreant lion wallowing in the couch.' The motive which he alleges is vengeance, arising out of family feuds. Klytaemnestra is the leading agent : she is the avhp6^ov\ov Keap who devises and executes : and her motive too is vengeance for her child's death, with a touch of jealousy for Kassandra. Of a feast or ambuscade Aeschylus knows nothing : the king is muffled INTR OD UCTION, XI in a cloak and stabbed in a bath. And there is no battle of attendants. The Watchman in Aeschylus, though, like the Homeric guard in (3), *he has watched for a year,' is not a spy of Aegisthos watching to catch Agamemnon, but a loyal servant ^ who grieves over the disorders of the house, is watching for the beacon, and is overjoyed at the thought of seeing his master. And the murder takes place in the palace of Agamemnon. Besides these there are minor modifications of the story. The confusion of Argos and Mykenae is mentioned in notes on line i. In Homer tOo Menelaos"^ is king of Sparta and has nothing to do with the Agamemnon tale : in Aeschylus he is clearly joint-king of Argos with Agamemnon (42 sqq.). The chorus inquire for him, and call him Moved ruler of the land' (619). The two are 'one in heart,' a 'two-throned power of the Achaioi' (109), and live in the same palace, called boixos 'Krpcibav (400). This accounts for the anxious inquiry of the chorus (617), and the re- assurance given by the herald (675) about Menelaos. The Drama of the Agamemnon. How far Aeschylus was following current modifications in the story, and how far he himself modified the tradition for dramatic purposes, we cannot fully tell ; nor is the subject one of great importance. It is of far greater interest to notice briefly some of the points that contribute to the extraordinary impressiveness of the poem as a work of art and as a drama. Of Aeschylus' style it is not necessary to say much: every reader will feel its beauty and power. The principal charac- teristics of it are obviously its dignity, its strength, and the bold- ness and wealth of its imagery^ : and though there are passages in ^ This explains a curious note at the beginning of the Medicean manuscript, Ocpdnojv 'A-yafxefivovos, ovx ^ i"'"o AlyicrOov raxOds. ^ This is remarked by Prof. Campbell in American Journal of Phil. Dec. 1880. 3 Thus he speaks of ' the betrd of fire,' ' war the gold-merchant, ' a hurricane as ' an evil shepherd,' the sea ' flowering with dead,' a lion ' the Priest of Ruin,' ' the net of death,' 'the mixing bowl of wrath,' ' the raging Dam of Hades,' hope ' treading the halls of Fear.' XU INTRODUCTION. the Agamemnon which are bare, even in bareness it is grand ; and on the other hand there are passages which for tenderness and pathos and pure poetic beauty are unmatched even in Greek. Such are the descriptions of Iphigeneia in the first chorus, of Helen in the second, and the whole scene with Kassandra. We have, too, much relief in the variety of the characters ; and even a touch of humour here and there, as in the helplessness of the Argive elders after the murder ^, and the racy vernacular idiom of the (f)v\a^. Another point is the marvellous power of conception shown in the two leading figures, Klytaemnestra and Kassandra, as is more fully developed below in treating of the characters (p. xiv). But the effect of the play is largely due to another element, which is quite independent of the grandeur of the style, and the power of presenting character. And this element is what we may call the moralising of the plot. In Homer we have merely a tale of savage ambition and crime. In Aeschylus we have a house tainted with dreadful wickedness in the past, old sin leading to new sin, and that to further retribution, till the family seems haunted by a terrible fate of bloodshed. According to the later tale, Pelops, the ancestor, slew Myrtilus, by whose aid he won his bride : Atreus and Thyestes, his sons, slew their step- brother Chrysippos : Thyestes seduced his brother's wife Aerope. Atreus served up the slain children of Thyestes for their father to eat : Atreus* son Agamemnon banished Thyestes and his third son Aegisthos, and slew his own daughter Iphigeneia. Aeschylus only mentions the last three of these crimes: but the bloody past is present in his thoughts. And what gives the play its overwhelming effect is the feeling, ever growing, of this past horror and impending retribution. The ' House knows the many deeds of blood : ' and the Avenger is always waiting. The justice of the gods may be slow, but it is sure. This feeling is chiefly aroused and maintained by the choric songs, which will be found analysed below, p. xvii. For, by the necessities of the case, it is the chorus who have to hint the bloodguiltiness of the king. The queen, who is to avenge the * The contrast between the decisiveness of the heroic personages and the imbecility of the council reveals a glimpse of the anti-democratic tendencies of the poet. INTRODUCTION, Xlll deed, cannot charge him with it, since, in order to execute her plot, she must maintain the mask of love and faithfulness ^ And accordingly these choric songs are not merely splendid lyric poems, they are also as it were the voice of the general con- science sadly foreboding inevitable doom. In the eloquent words of a French critic'^: 'The idea of impending chastisement is incessantly repeated; it mingles with the joy of victory; a dark cloud, big with the storm, covers the gloomy scene ; till the dream, so wearing and so terrible, filled with visions so fearful and mysterious, ends with a peal of thunder.* The Moral and Religious Ideas. The leading rehgious and moral ideas of Aeschylus, as they appear in the Agamemnon, can be summarised in a few sen- tences. There is unquestioning faith in the gods: impiety, to bvatre^is, is the worst of sins (760). The gods are all powerful; Zeus is beyond compare (162), the cause of all and the doer of all (1485). The gods regard men's actions (370), punish transgression (59), avenge bloodshed (461), though the retribution may linger (364). The leading idea of the gods is their power : human sin comes from resisting or defying this power, v^pis (765). The gods are also just: but the justice is a form of their power; it is the humbling of the proud. So wealth is no defence to the wicked (381), and virtue is found among men in humble dwellings (772). The cruder idea that God resents mere prosperity, he rejects (755) '• misery always comes from sin (760). Yet prosperity is dangerous, as it engenders pride (372): mortals are insatiate of wealth (1002, 1 331) and so come to ill. For human well-being is precarious : * Disease is behind the party-wall,' and there is always 'the hidden reef (1002-5). The thunderbolt strikes the famous (470). Man then who has sinned cannot escape: 'the doer must suffer' (1564). And in this way god teaches man: 'wisdom comes by suffering' (177). Aeschylus feels strongly the mysteriousness of human fate and * Enger. Preface to Agamemnon. 2 Patin, Etude sur Eschyle. XIV INTR OB UC TI ON, the helplessness of man. Though the gods are omnipotent and just, yet this justice acts inscrutably. Agamemnon was bidden to slay his child, and had to obey (206): yet it was a crime (219-221), and produced 'terrible wrath,' rising again (154). It was to the king ' the collar of necessity' (218). In this way there is a fate, an avenger, established in the house (1481, 1507), the house is * close welded to ruin ' (1565). The refrain of human life is the prayer, ' Woe : but let good prevail,' which recurs in the first chorus : and the conclusion of the whole matter is * it is hard to discern/ dva-fiaxa ^o-rt, Kplvai (1561), The Characters. Klytaemnestra. The character of Klytaemnestra is given with a masterly force and effect in every stroke. There are no fine shades about the drawing, as there are none in the concep- tion. She is the impersonation of the ty rannic self-jv ill, wronged and angered, and turned to vengeance. She is Homer's ovXofievrj aXoxos, ' an accursed wife : ' pitiless, and contemptuous, and un- impassioned, but resolutely bent on reveng e, and concentrating her whole Titanic force upon it without misgiving ^. There isjoa womanly pqc^sinn jn hpr^ and no^race of weakness. The murder she is bent on is in revenge for her slain child, but we hear scarcely a word of love ^ for Iphigeneia from her lips : the lovely description of the maiden in her father's halls is from the mouth of the chorus ; but the mother scarcely mentions her save in the cHmax of her bitter triumph, when with dreadful irony she pictures her welcoming her sire in Hades (1555). She is an adulteress, but there is no love for her paramour ; her unfaithful- ness is merely a form of her vengeance: hatred of her husband is the motive of it, not love of Aegisthos. She is crafty, but hers is the craft of a strong and not a weak nature ; it is only the need- ful means to carry out her purpose completely, and the moment the need is over, the mask is scornfully flung aside. * One leading difference between Klytaemnestra and her great rival Lady Macbeth lies in the difference of the effect of the crime upon the two. Klytaemnestra is unshaken: Lady Macbeth is brol which are found in M and 1518 1552 Turnebe, Paris. 1 G. The play is confused with ( the Choephoroe. Rob. 1552 Robortelli, Venice. F^^^ f^^^ ^he same fragments, j_ out separate. Vict. 1557 Victorius. This is the first ed. which gives Ag. whole. Cant. is8o Canter, Antwerp. Stanl. 1663 Stanley, London. i74.'i Pauw, Hague. Ask. 1746 Askew, Leyden. Schiitz. 1784 Schiitz, Halle. Pors. 1794 Porson. Butl. 1809 Butler. Blom. 1822 Blomfield, Cambridge. Tyrr. 1822 Tyrrwhitt (published by Elmsley), Oxford. Well. 1823 Wellauer, Leipzig. Schol. 1830 Scholefield, Cambridge. Klaus. 1833 Klausen, Gotha. Con. 1848 Conington, Oxford. Dind. D. 1851 Dindorf, Oxford. Hart. 1852 Hartung, Leipzig. Schom. 1854 Schomann, Gryphiswald. Karst. 1855 Karsten, Traj. ad. Rhen. Pal. or P. 1855-79 Paley, London. Eng. 1855 Enger, Leipzig. Schn. 1856 Schneidewin, Berlin. ' H. 1859 Hermann, Berlin. '^ Weil. 1861 Weil, Giessa. Keck. 1863 Keck, Leipzig. 1864 Van Heusde, Hague. Gilb. 1874 Gilbert (edited Enger). K. 1878 Kennedy, Cambridge, xxii INTRODUCTION. Besides these, the following have contributed emendations : — Aur. Auratus. Heath. Heath. Cas. Is. Casaubon. Franz. Franz. Seal. Scaliger. Musgr. Musgrave. Ahr. Ahrens. Madv. Madvig. Dobr. Dobree. Both. Bothe. I use the common abbreviation L. S. for Liddell and Scott. The Text. In the text I have aimed at giving (at the foot of the pages) the MSS. reading of all the doubtful places, where the MSS. differ among themselves, or are all wrong; except in the numerous instances where the corrections are quite obvious and generally accepted ; and even of these latter I have given all which can be called important. The MSS. are very corrupt, and the number of such small but necessary corrections is very much greater than any one would suppose who had not studied the full apparatus criticus of the play. Where the reading adopted occurs in any of the MSS. and any other MS. differs, and the question is doubtful or important, the readings are given in a note at the bottom of the text, but there is no mark in the text. Where the reading adopted is conjectural, and appears in no MS., it is marked with an asterisk, the MS. reading (or read- ings) given in the note, and usually the corrector or editor, to whom the emendation is due, named. Thus, line 69, in the text, *v7roKai(ov: in the note, vTTOKXalojv MSS. corr. Gas. i. e. ' the manu- scripts read viroKXaicov; the correction in the text is due to Casaubon.' Where neither MSS. nor proposed readings are satisfactory, the passage is marked withf. Thus line 14, fifirjv. I have thought it better to show the variations from the MSS. than to adopt the custom in many recent German editions of basing the text on Hermann. Great, or rather infinite, as are the obligations of students to Hermann, it is clearly more con- venient to know the MSS. readings than only Hermann's recension of them. INTRODUCTION. XXlll Translations. The Agamemnon has been done into English in nearly a score of translations. Those which I have consulted, and occasionally taken the liberty to quote, are the following ; I give the abbre- viations in itahcs, by which they are quoted in my notes : — Professor Gonington (Con.). Miss Swan wick {S 69. vaoicXaioiv MSS. corr. Cas. 77. dm^rcrtuj' MSS. corr. H. AI2XTA0T *ro 6^ virepyrjpoov (j)v\\abos 7]br] KaTaKap(l)OfjLivr]s Tptirohas ixev obovs 80 o-retx^t, Traibos 8' ovbev apdcov ovap rjixepocjyavTov aXaivei. (TV be J Tvvba£€(a dvyarepj ^acriKeia KXvraipivriaTpa, tC xpeos ; tl viov ; tC 8' k'naia-OoiiivT], 85 Tivos ayyeXias * irevOoL TrepLTrepLTTTa Ovoa-K^'is ; TTOLVTOiv be de&v t&v aorrvvopLOiv, viT6.Ta>Vt x6ovi(iiVi T&v T ovpavLOiv T(av T ayopaioav, 90 p(i)p,ot bcapoKTi (pXiyovTac aXkr] 8' aXKoOev ovpavopLrjKTj^ KapLTTCLS avicryjEL^ (fyappLao-aopievr} y^pip^aros ayvov pLaXaKOiS aboXoKTL irap-qyopLai?, 95 TTeXdvio pv^oOev jSao-tXeto). TovTOdv Xe^acr o tl kol bwarbv Kol Oepts aivelVf iraitov T€ yevov Trjcrbe peplpivrjs, fj vvv Tore pkv KaKocppcov reXeOei, 100 TOT€ 8' €K Ovcrmv ayava (jyaCvova-* eXirh apvvei (ppovrCb^ airX-qa-Tov *Trjs BvpojBopov cppiva Xvtttjs. [<""P- <*'• KVpLos eipi Opoelv obiov Kpdros aXcriov avbp&v cfcreXecor. ert yap OeoOev KaranveUi 105 79. TiOiiTfpyfjpctiS M. G. riOi trtp 717^0;? Ma. toOi rrfpyfipois B. r6$iiT€p yripcos Fl. t69' vufpyqpojv Fa. 87. irvBot Fl. ireidoi cet. OvoaKivfis MSS. corr. Aur. loi. piva Fl. AFAMEMNllN. 7 BiroD? 'Axat^i; htOpovov KparoSj ^Ekkdbos rj[3a^ '^vixcjypova rayav, no W/LtTTet £vV hopl KOX X^pl TTpdKTOpL 0ov£LOs opvLS TevKpib^ iir* alav, ol(ovoiv i^acnXevs ^acnXiva-i ve&v, 6 KcXaivos, 6 t i^OTTLV apy as, 115 (fyavivTiS XKTap piekdOpcav, X^P^^ ^'^ bopL7r6XTOv, TrafXTrpiTTTOLS €V ^bpaLCTL, ^0(tk6ix€voi Kayivav, €pLKvpiova ^ (pipixara, yivvav, ^ka^ivra XoLo-Oioav bpofxaiv. 120 atXivov alXivov etTre, to 8' ev vlk6tco. \avT, a , K€bvbs be a-TpaTOjxavris Ibiav bvo ^^j^aa^y Xcovs ^Arpdbas [xaxi^ovs kbdt] Act^^o^otray TTOpLTTOVS T apXOLS* ovT(o 8' etTre ^^kj^^uh^' 125 XpovcD jji€v d^et HpidpLov ttoXlv dbe KikevBes, irdvTa 8e TTvpyoav ^ KTrjVT] TTpocrde ra brjpLLOTrXrjOrj Moip' dXaird^ei irpos to fiiaiov. 130 olov ixrj TLs ^aya deoOey Kv^cpdarj irpoTvirev (TTopLiov fjLeya TpoCas oTpaTOiOev, ^ oiKTia yap kTri(\)6ovos "ApTepus ayva TiTavoXa-iv kvctX TrArpoy, 136 avTOTOKov irpo koxov fJLoyepav irrdKa Ovofxivota-L' (TTvyeX bk beliTvov aUTQv. atkivov aXXivov eliri, to 8' ev VLKaTO). Tocrov irep ev(f)pa)Vf Kakd, [Mecrdib. 140 106. irci^or Campbell. fioKtrdiv MSS. Ii8. kpiKvfiara (pipfiari M.G. (piKVfJiova (pipfMTt B. kpiK^/xova v Xeovrcov, TTavTODV T aypov6[xa)v povTibos d^Oos 165 XpT] jBaXelv eTrjTvpLcas. ovb' oa-TLs irdpoidev 'qv pieyas, dvT. /3'. ixajuijLtaxy Opda-ec ppvoav, ^ ovbe Ke^eTai irplv &v, 170 hs 8' eTTctr e<^i>, rpta- KTTJpos oX\eTaL Tvx(av. 141. devTois B. Fl. dcXv-Tois M.G. di-nroiai Fa. corr. Well. 6vTwvM..'P\. 144. atT€r MSS. corr. Gilbert. I'jo. ovblv Xi^ai M.G.B.Fl. ovUv Ti \4^ai Fa. corr, Ahrens. AFAMEMNllN. i8o avT, y , 185 Tcv^eTaL (\)p€V(av to ttclv' Tov (fypovelv ^porovs 6b(a- v 6 irpia-- ^vs v€66yyov dpalov otKOt?, 210. ^ojfiov neXas MSS. corr. Schom. 212. re yivojuai M. G. Fl. 216. rrepiopyojs MSS. corr. Schom. 222. fiporoTs MSS. 235. ^ i>^' vcpipTreL haKpvov CKKakovpievr], 270 KA. ev ya/3 (ppovovvros ofjLfjLa a-ov Karrjyopei, XO. TL yap TO TTia-Tov ; eort r&vbi (tol reVjtxap ; KA. eo-rtz;, rt 6' ov^t ; juir) boX(a(TavTos Oeov. XO. TTOTepa 8' ovetpcov (jyda-ixaT €VTT€Ld7J (reacts ; KA. ov bo^av hv Xapoip.i jBpiCoija-ris (ppevos* 275 XO. aXX' ^ 0-' iiriaviv tls airrepos charts ; KA. -TratSoy vias a>s Kapr e/xco/xTjo-co (ppivas. XO. TTOiou yjpovov 8e Kat ireiTopOrjTaL irokis ; KA. TTJ? z/{;y T€KOV(Ti]s <^&)9 ro8* €V(l)p6vY}s Xeyo). XO. Kttt rt? ro8' k^iKOiT av ayyiXoav rdxos ; y 280 KA. "HcjyaLa-Tos "Ibrjs kafxirpov iKiripLTTOiv o-eAas. v elpr) piivoiv* XCfJivrjy 8' virep TopyQ^inv ^a-Krjyl/ev (jydos* opos T €7r' AiyCirXayKTov i^LKvovfievov &Tpvv€ OecTfxov ^ P'Tj yoLTi^ea-Oai irvpos* 7re/x77buo-t 0' dvbaiovTes d(f)06v(a fxivei 305 (f)\oybs fjiiyav TTcoyoiva, /cat ^apoiviKOV TTopOpiov ^ kAtotttov 7Tp&v^ vTrep^dWeiv TTpoa-o) (\)Xiyov(Tav, ^ €(tt^ €(rKr]\lr€V, ^ evr dcpLK^TO ^ Apayyaiov atiroSy dcrTvyeiTovas (TKO'nds' KCLireLT ^Arpeib&v is robe aKriiTTei arriyos 310 irvpos. TOLo[b€ TOL pLOL Xapi,'nabr](\)6pctiv z^o/xot, ^A-Xos^ Trap' dXkov biaboyals irX-qpovpLevoL' VLKO. 8' 6 TTp&Tos KOI T^kevToios bpapi(av. T€Kfxap TOLovTo ^\x^ok6v T€ (Tol Aeyo), 315 dvbpos TTapayyeCkavTos Ik TpoCas epioL XO. OeoLs pi€v avdis, S yvvai, irpoo-cv^opLaL. Xoyovs 8' CLKOvorat rovcrSe KdiroOavpida-aL birjveK&s OeXoifx hv ws Xeyot? irdXiv, KA. TpoCav 'Amatol rfjb* ^x^ovcr iv ripL^pa. 320 OLfjiaL po-qv apLLKTOv kv TToXet irpiireLV. o^os T dKcLcfyd r iy)^€as ravTco kvt^l bu)(0(TTaTovvT hv ov dxr}S ttovos 330 r?7(rret? Trpos apia-TOicnv &v €)(et ttoAcj raa-(7et, TTpos ovbev iv fxipcL T€K[JLrjpLov, aXX* ft)s €Ka(TTos €(riTav VTraidpioiv Traycav 335 bp6(ro)v T airaXXayivTes, «? "^5' evbaipLoves cKpvKaKTov evbr]crov(TL iracrav €V(pp6vr]v. cl 8' €V cri^ova-i tovs TToXLora-ovyovs Oeovs TOVS r?}? aXovo-qs yrjs Oecov & IbpvpLaTa, ov ^Thv kXovTes ovOls ^ avOdKolev av, 340 €/)a)9 8e [iri tls irpoTepov ipLTTiTTTrj v 6\coX6t(op yivoLT av, et TrpocnTaia fxr] tv)(01 KaKd, TOLavTCL TOL yvvaiKos ef e/xoC kX.V€ls' TO 8' ev KpaTOLT], fjLT] bixoppoTTOis Ibelv. TToXX&v yap ea-QXQv ^ Trivb^ ovrjcriv clkopLrjv' 350 XO. yvvaL, Kar dv^pa acacfypov* evcfypovois Xeyets. eyo) 8' CLKOVcras ttlo-tcl aov TeKp.r]pia 331. vrjffTiffi B. vrjaris Fl. 336. SvaSaifioves MSS. 340. dv y k\6vT€s or dv€\6vTes and dv davoiev or av Odvoiev MSS. corr. Aur. H. 341. kfxniirrfi B. -ot Fa. -r) corrected to -|7 Fl. 350. Tf^v MSS. ArAMEMNX2N. 15 Ocovs TrpocreLTre'iv ev 7Tapa6o ydyyapiov, olttjs 7ravaX(aTov, Ata TOL ^iviov ixiyav albovpiaL Tov rahe irpd^avr, €77* ^ Ak€^dvbp(a TeLVovra irdkai to^oVj ottcos hv fjirjre irpo Katpov pLrjO^ virep acTpoiv 365 (Bikos rjkidLov (rKr]\l/€i€V. Abbs Trkayav exova-tv eiTrety, arp, a. Trdpea-TLV tovto y k^iyyevcrai, ^ iirpa^av w? eKpavev. ovk €(f)a tls Oeovs ^poTcav d^iovcrOai fxik^LV 37© ScrOLS dOiKTMV X^P'^ iraroW' 6 8* ovk evcreprjs* '7Ti(f)aVTaL 8' ^ kKTlVOV- (Ta TokfXa Twv "Apr] 375 TTveovTcov fxelCov rj diKatcoy, dv€Lav» ptarai 6' a Takatva ireiOco, avT, a » 385 ^TTpopovXov TTols ^.cjyepTos CLTaS. 6acos be TTOLV [iSiTaiov, ovk iKpvcpOrj, TTpiireL bij (pm alvoXapLirisy (tlvos' KaKOv be x^A-kov Tpoirov 390 Tpifiia T€ Kol TTpoo-pokais pLeXafxirayrjs TreAet biKaKoOeiSy eirel bL(aK€L TTois TTOTttVOV OpVLV, TToXet TTpoa-rpLpLpL acjiepTov IvOeis^ 395 Kirav 6' cLKovei fxev ovtls Oe&v TOi; 8' €7TL(TTpO(f)OV ^ T&V <^^T abiKov KaOaipel, oXos Kal Ylapis ekOcav €9 bofxov Tov 'Arpeibav 400 fj(r)(vve ^eviav rpAireC^av Kkoiroia-L yvvaLKOs. XiTTova-a 8' a(TToi(ri.v aa-iria-Topds (TTp, jS'. ^T€ Kol kXovovs Xoyx^P'OVs vavParas ^6^ b'nkia-p.ovsj ayova-d r avri^epvov 'lAto) a bia irvkavy drXrjTa rXao-a* iroXka 8' ecrrevov Tob^ €vviiT0VT€S bofJLOiiV 'irpo(l)rJTaL' to) to) 8a)juia 8w/xa Kol irpopLOL, ' 410 ta> Xexos kol o-ti^oi (l)ikdvopes. t"^ irdpeo-TL cTLyas dTLfjiovs aXoLbopovs * aXoxi(TT d(l)€LpL€V(t)v t8eti;.t 386. irpo^ovXSirais MSS. corr. Hart. 397. tcjvS' MSS. corr. Klaus. 405. kXovovs Xo7xtVow? '■« f^c^ MSS. omit 6' MSS. corr. H. 412- ffiyda* drifjios dkoiSopos aSiffTOS dcpefiivuv MSS. corr. H. ArAMEMNf2N. 17 TTodia 8' VTT€pTTOVTLaS (jyaa-fjia 8o£e6 bofioiv avd(T(r€LV» 415 ev/txop^cuy be koXoikt&v €X$€Tai x^P'S avbpC. 6v€Lp6(l)avTOL b^ irevOrjfxovcs avr, /3'. 420 Trdpetcrt 8ofat (fyipovcraL x6,pw ixaraiav. pLOLTav yap evT hv ecrOXd rts boKWV ^ opq, TTapakkd^aa-a bia ^epSiVj pijBaKcv 6y\ns ov fxeOva-Tepov 425 TiTepois OTTadots virvov kcXcuOols. TO. fxev Kar' olkovs e<^' ea-rCas dxv ra5' eo-rt Kat T&vb^ virepfiaT^Tepa, TO irav 8' d^' ■^"EXA.ai^o? atas avvopfjiivoLS irivOeia TXrja-LKdpbios 430 bopLOiv eKda-Tov TTpiireL, TToXXa yovv Biyyavei irpos rjirap^ oils fx€v y6,p *Tis cTTeiMyj/ev otbeV clvtI be (^(ot&v TevxT] Kol (TTTobbs els eKda-Tov bofiovs dcpiKvelTai, 6 xpvorafJLOiPos 8' "ApTjs a(it)ix6,T(av 6ov€pov 5' vtt' &Xyos epireL TTpobiKOLs 'Arpet'Sat?.. ot 8' avTov Trepl retxos. ^ 450 BriKas 'IX-idbos yas evfJLop^oL Karixovcnv' e^^pa S' expvras €Kpv^€v, Papela 6' aa-T&v (jydris ^vv KOTia' avr, y\ 456 brjixoKpcLVTov 8' dpas riz^et XP^oy. jutei^et 8' aKovcrat rt /utov pi,€pLp,va vvKTrjpecfiis. 460 rwz; 'TToXvKTOi'coz; ya/) ovk aaKOTTOL 0€OL' KcXat- val 8' ^EpLvves yjpovfi^ Tvy7]pov ovT avev biKas TrakLvrvxel Tpi^a Plov TiOeicr ajxavpov, kv 8' at- 465 oTots TeXeOovTos ovtls akKa' to 8' "^virepKoirois Kkveiv €v papv' pdXXeTaL yap oq-o-ols bioOev Kepavvos, 470 Kp[v(o 8' a(p6ovov ok^ov, 1X7)7 etrjV 7TT0kLTT6pdr]S lxr]T ovv avTos akovs vtt akk(ov fiCov KaTiboi\iu TTvpos 8' VTT evayyikov €77^8. 475 TTokiv birjKeL 60a jSafts* et 8' kTr]Tvp,(iis, TLS otbev, ^ "^rt delov ia-TL ^ irrj -ijnjdos, TLS wSe TTaibvbs rj (jypevSiv KCKOfXfjiivos, ^A.oyos TTapayyikfjiaa-Lv 480 vioLS TTvpcaOivra Kapbiav, iTretr' oXkayci koyov Kafieiv ; 447. SicL MSS. rdSc MSS. corr. H. 467. vitcpkStqjs MSS. 47S. TOt. . . . /*^ MSS. corr. Ahr. 482. A.<$7ous Fl. text Fa. ArAMEMNI2N. 19 yvvaiKos CLl^fia Tr/ocTrei, TTpb Tov (fxivivTOi ^apiv ^vvaivi/3as Zevs, a HvOlos t dvai, To^oLS idiTTCDv fiTjKiT CIS rjp.as IBikrj' 510 483. kv yvvcuKbs MSS. C Z 20 AI2XTAQT 6,\ls irapa ^Kaixavbpov ^ rjcr0* avdpa-Los' vvv 6' aSre cronTrip Xa-Qi ^ Ka\ TraicovLOs, ava^ '^AttoWov, tovs t ayodviovs deovs TTCLvras TTpocravb&f rov t ^ixov TLfJi6.opov *Ep}JL7Jv, (l>ikov KrjpvKa, Kr]pvKO)v crefSas, 515 rjpois re rovs Triixyj/avTas, evfievels Trdkiv arparbv Sexecr^at top AeXei/A/xei^oi/ bopos* loa ixikaOpa ^aa-tkioiv, (fyikai a-riyai, v ibpv\iaTa, Ka\ cnripixa irda-qs e^aiTokkvTaL ydovos. TOiovbe TpoCa irepLpaXcbv ^evKT-qpiov dva^ ^ArpeCbrjs TTpicrpvs evbaCpiaiv dvrjp 530 • 7JK€i, rUa-Oai 6' a^Koraros (3por&v T&v vvv* Hdpis yap ovre a-vvTeXrjs ttoXls e^evx^eraL to bpajxa tov irdOovs irkeov. 6(l)\(i)v yap apirayjjs re Kal Kkoirrjs biK-qv TOV pvcTLov 6^ ijpLapT€ Kal TravcakeOpov 535 avToxOovov TTaTpiDov iOpia-ev bopiov. biTTka 6' ertcrai; ITptajuitSat OdixdpTia, XO. KTJpv^ 'A)(atSi/ x^''P^ ^^^ ^"""^ (TTpaTov, KH. yaipui ^yc TeBvdvai 6' ovk €T avTep& OeoTs^ 511. ^\9€s Fa. ^\0\ with -cs superscribed PI. * 512. nal irayu- viosFl. KOLirayuvios Fa. con. Dohr. Ah.T. 520. ^ttov MSS. 539. XO-ipoi' TeOvdvai MSS. corr. Eng. ArAMEMNX2N. 2I XO. epcos Trafpwa? T7J(rh€ yrjs (t eyvfjLvaa-ev ; 540 KH. &(TT kvhaKpveiv y oyiixacriv xapas vtto. XO. repTTvrjs 6.p riT€ Trjcrb* e7r?}/3oAot vocrov. KH. iT(as brj ; hihayO^f'S rovhe bea-iroa-ot) \6yov, XO. T&v avrepcavTOiv lp,€p(D ^ TT^Trkrjyfjiivoi. KH. TToOeiv TToBovvTqL Trivbe yrjv (TTparov Xiyeis ; 545 XO. 0)? TToAX' CLfxavpas Ik (ppevos fx avacrTeveiv. KH. TToOev TO bv(r(ppov tovt eirrjv (rrvyos ^ (l)p€vQv ; XO. irdkai to criyav <^ap\kaKov I3k6,(3r]s e^w. KH. KOL TTcaj ; airovToyv K0ip6,v(ji)v crpets rtz/ds ; XO. "^0)? 2n;i; TO (Tov brjy kol Oaveiv ttoXXtj xdpLS* 550 KH. €^ yap TriiTpaKTai, TavTa 8' iv ttoAAo) x/'oyo) ra 8' avT€ KOLTTLfJiopLcpa* tls be Trkrjv Oexav aitavT dirrJixcDv tov bi aixjivos XP^^^'^ y [xoxOovs yap el XiyoipLL Kal bva-avkias, 555 (T'napvas irap-q^eis Kal KaKO(rTp(aTovs, tl 8' ov cTTevovTes, ov f kaxovTes rjixaTos [xipos ; Ta 8' avTe X^P^^ '^^^ irpocrrjVi irkeov arvyos' evval yap ^a-av bat(ov irpbs Tetxeartv' ef ovpavov be kcltto yrjs Xeiixc^viai 560 t bpocroi KaTey^&Ka^oVy epLirebov aivos eadrjixaTOiVy TiOevTes evdrjpov rpt^a. Xetpiiava 8' €t Aeyot tls oloivoKTovov, olov TTapelx cL(f)epTov 'I8ata x^^^j rj OdXiros, evre ttovtos ev {JLear-qjjLppLvals 565 KolTaLS aKvp^div V7)vep.ois evboi irecTcav* TL TavTa irevdeXv 8et ; TiapotxeTaL ttovos*' 541. 6«S. Fa, 542. tare Fl. 544. neirXrjyfJievos MSS. 547. crparw MSS. corrupt. v MSS. corr. Seal. 552. fv MSS. 557. \axoyTts corrupt. Perhaps iraaxovris or 23 AI2XTAOT TTapoLx^rat 8e, rowrt /tier T^BvrjKoa-iv TO fXTi770T avOis {xrjb^ avaarrji/m /xeActr. tC tovs avoKoaOivTas ev ^?7(^w Kiyeiv, 570 rhv C^vra 5' dXyetir xP'i T&)(r]S itaXiyKOTOV ; Kot TTokXa xaip€W ^}x^pais KaraftS. riiilv h€ TOis KotTToZa-LV ^ApyeLoav orpaTov viKO. TO Kepbos, TTTJixa d' ovK avTLppiirei, ws KOfxirda-ai t(S5' (Ikos rikCov (f^dnei, 575 VTiep daXdcra-rjs koc xOovos 'noToap.h^ois' TpoCav kXovTes brfiror 'ApyeL(ii>v oroXos 0eoh Xdcpvpa TavTa toZs kuO^ *EAXd5a So/xots kTraa-Q-akevorav apiyalov yavos* TOiavTa XPV i^XvovTas €vkoy€LV ttoXlv 580 Koi T0V9 orparqyovs" koI x^P'^ TtfA7)(rerat Atos Tob^ eKTrpd^aa-a. irdvT €xet$ Xoyov, XO. pLK(aiJL€V0S Xoyoio-Lv OVK dvaivoixdi, aet yap r}^a toIs yepovcnv ev ixaOeZv, bopiOLS be TavTa koI KXvTaip^inffcnrpa pkiXeiv 585 eiKos pLaXiOTa, ^v de T^Xovrt^etv 6/xe. KA. av(x>X6Xv^a p^ev irdXai x^P^^ ^'^^t 6t ?fX^' 6 TTpSfTOs vvxLOs dyyfiXos irvpos, (f)pdC(t>v aXoixrtv ^IXiov t avdcrraaiv. Kai Tis pi^ €vinTOi>v elire, pVKTp(av bCa 590 ireiorOeZa-a Tpoiav vvv TtenopOricrQai boKeZs ; rj KCLpra irpos ywaiKOS atpccrOai Kiap, XoyoiS TOLOVTOLS TrXayKTos over €(f>aLv6pL7iv. ojuia>s 5' iBvoV koI yvvaLK€L(d rojuto) oXoXvypLov dXkos dXXoOev Kara tttoXut 595 eXacTKOv evcfy^povvTes, €v 9e(av ebpats Ovrj^dyov KOtp&vTes evo^br] (f^Xoya. Koi vvv TO, pi.d(r(TOi> pcev tC 5et (r eptol Xiyetv ; avanTos avTov TravTa Tiev(rop.ai Xoyov. ATAMEMNXIN. s,^ OTTO)? 5' apKTTa Tov k\xov alhoiov iroa-iv 600 (nT€V(T(ji) ttoXlv [xoXovra hi^aorOai — rt yap yvvaiKi tovtov ^iyyos rjbiov bpaKclv, CLTTO CXov Kpdros. KH. OVK ^(tO* OTTcas Xi^aipn tcl \lf€vbrj KaXa 620 €S TOV TToXvv (jyiXoKTL KapiTovcrOai xpovov* XO. ttQs brJT hv emiav Kebva rdX-qdrj "^rvxois ; (TXLo-OivTa b* ovk evKpyirra yiyverai rdbe. KH. avrjp d'cpavTOS ef 'AxattKou (TTparov, avTos T€ KOL TO ttXoXov, ov yj/evbrj Xiyco, 625 XO. TTOTepov dvaxOds kp.(\)avGiS ef 'IXtov, ^ Xelpia, KOLvov dxOos, ijpTraa-e (TTpaTov ; KH. iKVpa-as wore to^ottjs aKpos (tkottov' 613. KH. MSS. 622. TiJxps Fl. tux' Fa. 624. dv^p MSS. corr. H. 24 A12XTA0T fxaKpbv he Trrjfxa ^vvTOfJicos icjyrjfXLa-ot). XO. TTOTepa yap avrov ^&vtos rj TeOvqKOTos (fyoLTLs TTpbs a\Xo)v vavTiKoav eKKr\^€TO ; KH. ovK olhev ovhils &(tt airayyeiXai Top&s, irXriv Tov Tpiv, orav 8' aTrevKra Trrnxar ayyeXos irokei, arvyv^ TTpoa-caircd TTTcoo-tpiov arparov (t>^prf^ TTokeu fji€v €\kos ^v TO brjixLov Tvyyivy 'noWoivs he ttoXX&v e^ayia-OivTas h6p.(av avhpas hmXfi /x(iaTtyt, rf]v '^Ap-qs (piXei, hiXoyxov cLTTjVj v ; ^vv(i^ixo(Tav yap, ovres eyOio-roi to TTpivy TTVp Kal ddkaa-(ra, Kal to, ttlo-t ehei^aTrjv, (pOeipovTe tov hvcrTr]vov 'ApyeCoiV cTTpaTOV. ev vvktX hvcTKVfJLavTa 8* a>p(apeL KaKCL. * vavs yap irpos dAArjAato-t QpfiKLai irvoal TjpeLKOv' al he KepoTvnovp.evai fiia XeifJi&vi TV(p(a (jvv C^krj t op^PpoKTVirtd (DxovT 6,(f)avroi, iroLpievos KaKov (rrpo^dd. 644. aeaay/jiivcui/ MSS. 649. 'AxaiSiv . . . OeoTs MSS. corr. Dobr. H. 655. ^peitrov Fa. KepajTvirovfievai MSS. AFAMEMNHN. 2$ ^Trel 8' avrjKOc Xafxirpov rjXCov €V(TLV dpLeipodv, p.r]Ko(l>6voi(Ti * dvv drais • 730 hair dK^kevoTos erevfep* a?/xart d' oIkos i(t>vp6rj' dp>axpv dXyos otKerats, p,€ya crivos ttoXvktovov' €K Oeov 6' .Upevs tls d- 735 Tas dojuots ^7rpoa-€6p€0r], Trap* avTOL 5' cXOeii^ h 'lAtou iroAtr orp. y' 737 Xeyotfi' ^z^ ^p6vr]p.a pkv vrjvipiov yaXdvas, 740 dKao-Kaior "^6' ayaXfia ttXovtov, IxaXdaKov op^pdrcnv /3eXo9, hrj^iOvfjiov €p(OTos dvOos, 745 TrapaKXCvaa €7T€Kpav€V be ydfJLov inKpas reAevrds, 6vo-€6pos Kal bva-opLiXos 723. €(rx MSS. corr. Cas. 727. I^o? MSS. ^eos Con. 729. rpo6voiatv drcus Fa. /i. araiaiv Fl. 735. TtpoaiTpapOVOS €K hiavoCuS vhapel craLvcLV (pLXoTrjn. (TV hi pLOL t6t€ pL€V CrT€kX(OV (TTpaTLav *E\ez;r]? ^v€k\ ov ydp ^ cr eTriKcvo-o), 800 K&pT aTTopLOva'(ti9 ^frOa yeypapipiivos, ov8' eu irpaTrChdiv ota/ca vep.p(i}V * 'Tri'ooj ev Tekea-acn, yv6vcrf ovvOvriarKOvara b€ (TTToSos TTpoTrepLireL irCovas ttXovtov TTVods. TOVTOiV OeoLo-i xp^ TToXvpLvqa-Tov x^P^^ tCvclv, eTretTTc/) kol irayas virepKOTovs * icppa^dpiea-Oa, kol yvvaiKos ovveKa Tfokiv bL-qfiddwev ^Apyelov bcLKos, tiTiTov veocrcToSt aa-Tnbo(rTp6(f>os kecas, ir'qbrjpL dpov(ras dp.(f)\ ITXetaScoy bvaiv' VTT€pdopv be TTVpyov dipL-qa-Trjs Aecoi; abrjv cAetfez^ alfxaTos TvpavviKOv. Oeois pL€V €^€T€LVa poiiV yap lbs Kapbiav irpoa-riixcvos 823. kirpaidfjL€aea MSS. corr. H. Pal. 831. toOto MSS. AFAMEMNnN. 31 6.x6os biT^koCCcL T<3 TTcirafJi^vio voa-ovi 835 rots T avTos avrov irrifxacnv ^apvveTaL Kol TOP Ovpaiov okpov dcropSiv (TTivW €i8a)9 Xiyoiyi 6.V,. cv yap e^eirCa-TajxaL, opLikCas KdroTTTpov, etboiXoir o-Ktaj, boKovpTas etvai Kdpra irpevfievels epioL 840 pLovos 8' ^Obv(ra-€VSi oa-irep ov^ eKwi/ eTrXet,. C^vxOels erot/xos rjv ipiol creipa^opos' etr' ovv OavovTos eir^ Ka\ ^iavTos Tripi Aeyo). TCL 8' 6,\ka irpas irokiv re kol deovs KOLVovs ay&vas Oivres €V irav-qyvpet 845 ^ovkev(r6pL€(r6a. koI to pL€v Kak&s e^ov oirixaTi, TOLcavb^ €KaTL KkrjbovoDV irakiyKOTCov TToXXa? avdiOev aprdvas Ifxrjs biprjs ikv(Tav akXoi irpos (3iav XeXr^jutjaerr/s. Ik rQvbi rot ttols ivddb^ ov TTapaa-raTel, cpL&v re KOL (T&v KVpLos ^ TTLa-TaipLdraiVj d)S XP^^> ^Opia-TTjs' fxrjbe 6av\xd(Tr\s Tobe, Tpi^ei yap avrov cvjJLevrjs bopv^evos 2rpov Kvva, (ToiTTJpa vabs irporovoVi v^rikrjs crriyqs a-Tvkov TTobripr], fxovoyeves reKVOv Trarpi, Kol yrjv (pavela-av vavTtkoLS Trap* eXirtba, KaX\L(TTov riixap ela-ib^lv €k yjeiixarosy 900 obomopia biyj/covTi 'nr]yaiov pios. T€p7Tvov be rdvayKoiov iKcpvyeXv dirav. TOLoiabi ^ ToL viv d^iGi Trpoa-cfyOeyixaa-LV, (f)66vos 8' dTT€(rT(t)' iroXXa yap ra irplv KaKa r\vei)(6p.e(r6a' vvv bi /xot, V Tov 8' av€V Xvpas ^ojtxws vixviobel 990 Oprjvov ''EipLvvos avTobibaKTos ia-oadev dvfXOS, OV TO TTCLV €\(iiV eXTTtdos (piXov 6pd(Tos, (TTikdyxva 8' * ovtl p^ardCet 995 irpbs €vbLKOLs (ppecrlv reA.eo-^opots' bCvais KVKXovpL€vov Kiap. evx^ofxat 8' cltt* e/xas * TOtavr is TO p.ri T€k€(r(l)6pov, 1000 / /xaAa ye rot ^to [xeydkas {fyieCas orTp. (3\ CLKopecTTov T€pp,a, vocros yap * aet yeiTcav ojuioVotxos epet8€i, KOl TTOTp^OS €v6vTT0p(OV IOO5 •X- -X- ^ -Jf Jfc dvbpbs €7TaL(T€V d(l)avTov epp^a, KOL TO pL€V irpb Xp7]p.dT(iiV 980. a-notrrvaas Fl. text Fa. 982. i^h MSS. corr. Seal. 983. CTrei Fl. 984. ^wefx^okois MSS. 990. oirojs MSS. 991. 'Epifvs MSS. 995. ouTot MSS. 998. 1^ kfjicis Fl. rot Fa. om. Fl.Toiavr'K. looi. 7a/> rot Fl. yi toi 5^ Fa. ras 7ro\Aas MSS. text Pal. TO TTcXeos Enger. 1002. om, dei MSS. 1006. line omitted probably. AFAMEMNIIN. 37 KTrjaLOiV OKVos paXv otdirep i^o/xtferai. XO. (TOL TOL Xiyovaa Traverat cracprj Xoyou. evTos 5' * aXov(ra iiopa-CfXidv aypevixarcov, TTeCOoL av €t ireiOoL' a'KeiBoi'qs 6' tcrcas. KA. aXX! €tTT€p €(ttI 1X7} x^^t^oVoj bUrjv 1050 ayvcara (fxov-qv pdp(3apov K€KTr]fxivrf, €(T(t) (\>p€vGiv Xeyovcra 7rei6(a viv XoyiA, XO. CTTOV. Ta Xodora rwv 'napeo-T^Tonv Xeyet. TidOoVy Xiirova-a Tovb^ apLa^rjpr] Opovov, KA» ovToi ^ OvpaCa Trjb^ e/utol a^oXri irdpa 1055 TpCpeLV* TO, [xkv yap k(TTias ixecrojxcjydXov €(rTr]K€V T^br} fxrjXa irpos acp^ayas irvpos, «s OVTTOT kXnioraa-i Trjvb'' t^eiv xdpiv, (TV 5' et TL bpd(T€iS T(itvb€, jXT} a\oXr}v tl6€L* €t 6' d^vvrjfxctiv ovcra /xr) be)(.€L Xoyov, 1060 (TV 5' clvtI (^cor^s (ppd^e KapSdvoi X^P^* XO. €pfXr]vi(t)S €OLK€V Tj ^ivt] Topov bei(T6aL' Tpoiros be 6T]pos w? veaipirov. KA. ?J jxaCveTaC ye kol KaKSiv KXvei (jypevQv, iJTLS Xi.TT0V(Ta ixev ttoXlv veaiperov 1065 i]Kei, \aXLVov 6* ovk e'ni(TTaTai (j^epetv, irplv aljxaTrjpov e^a(f)pi^ea-6ai [xevos* ov ixr]V 7rA.eco pi\^a(T oLTLixaiOricTOixau 1041. -rXTJvat dovXeias fid^Tjs pia Fl. text Fa. 1042. eirippinei Fa. 1048. av ov(xa MSS. text Schneid. 1055. Ovpaiav rjyrS* MSS. AFAMEMNXiN. 39 XO. eyo) b\ kiroiKT^tpai yap, ov Ovixcacrofxau 16\ S) TakaLva, Tovb' €prj[ji(a(Ta(T o^pv, 1070 * ^Xkov(t avdyKrj rrjbe KaivKTOV ^vyov, KA22ANAPA. OTOTOTOi TTOTTOL boL* v Ifxo?. aTT(ok€a'as yap ov /xoAts to bevTepov. XO. xprjo-eiv ioiKev ajKJ)! t&v avTrjs KaK&v. p,iv€L TO Oeiov bovXia ^ TT€p kv r] a(f)ayds, oiTTCLS T€ o-dpKas 77/309 TiaTpos jSeySpco/xcVaj. XO. rHl€V KkioS (TOV [XaVTlKOV TTeTTVa-fJLivOL' ^TOVTOiV '7TpO(priTaS 8' oijTLVaS fJLaT€VOfJL€V, KA. to) TTOTTOL, TL TTOTe jJirjbeTaL ; arp, d' iioo TL Tobc viov dxos ixiya \Lky €v b6p.oi(n Tolcrbc /ixrySerat KaKov d^epTOV (f>ikoia-iv, bvcrCaTov ; d\Ka d' eKcis diroa-TaTel, XO. TovTcov d'CbpLS 6t/xt T&v pLavTevpLCLTCtiv* 1105 €K€iva 8' €yvot)v' Traa-a yap TTokus (3oa. KA. ta> rdXaLva, robe yap reXet?, dvT. b\ TOV 6pLobip,VLOv Tioa-Lv XovTpoio-L (paLbpvvaa-a — ttcSs (fypdaoi reXos ; raxps yap Tob^ lorat. TTporeiv^i b\ ^(ELp €k iiio X'Epos * opiypLara, XO. ovTTOi ^vviJKa* vvv yap ef alviypLarcov €TTapyepiOL(rL 6ea-(\)dTois dprjxo-Vio. KA. ^ €, TrttTrat iraiTal, tl robe (jyaLv^raL ; a-Tp. e'* rj blKTvov TL "Aibov ; 1T15 dk)C dpKVs rj ^vv€VV09, rj ^vvaiTia (j)6vov. orao-t? 8' cLKopeTos y€V€L KaToXoXv^dTO) OvpiaTos X^va-CpLOV. XO. TToCav ^EpLVVv TTjvbe bcapLaauf KeXet eTTOpdidCeiv ; ov /xe (ftaibpvvei Aoyoy. 11 20 €776 8e Kapbiav ibpapi^ KpOKOpa(l)ris 1095. fiaprvpiois /xlv yap Fl. Fa. V. roTffSe irtireiOo/xai MSS. 1096. rdSe M.G. TCL Fl. Fa. V. 1098. ^fxev G. Fl. V. ^fi^vM? ■q fxev Fa. 1099. ^fxev MSS. tovtojv Weil. iiii. opeyofiiva M.G. opeyfiiva Fl. Fa. V. corr. H. 1117. aKopearos MSS. AFAMEMNIIN. 41 crraycav, "f &T€ * Kaipta ^Trrwort/xos- ^vvavvT€L pLov bvvTos avyoLS* raxeta 6* ara TreXet. ~. KA. h a. Ibov Ibov' airex^ ^V^ l^oos avr. e. 1125 Tov ravpov' kv TreTrAoto-t ^ IJ,€kayK€p(d kapovo-a ixr]xavr]\xaTi TV7rT€L' irirveL 8* "^ ev evvbpca * Kvret. boko(j)6vov Ae^i7roy Tv\av orol Xiyco. XO. ov KOfXTrda-atpi hv dea-cfydraiv yvcofxaiv aKpos 1130 €tz^at, KttKO) bi T(o TrpocretKa^o) ra6e. aTTo 8e deo-cpdroiv tls ayaOa ^Sltis ppoTols oTtXAerat ; KaK&v yap * 6 tat TToXveireis Ti^vai 6€(nTL(obov (^opov (\>ipovv arep' ijJLol be fJiLfjiveL (rx.to-/xos aixcprJKei bopL XO. TToOev iTTLo-cruTovs 6€o(T7T€p ovv e^et iraOelv. ey&) Se ^ Oeppiov ov arrdy ev iribio fiaXQ ; XO. kTTopLeva TrpoTipOLcrL rd8' €(l)r}pLL(T(i), Kai rts o-e * KaKocppov&v tlOt]- 1148. d75j/a MSS. I152. Imcpo^o) M.G. 1163. rcoTv^s avOpwnojv fidOoi MSS. «at TraFs vfoyovos av ix&Ooi H. text Karst. T164. HytMTi MSS. I165. epeo/xevas MSS. 1 166. OavjiaT' Fa. text V. Fl. 11 72. Oep/iovovs rax f/^TreStj; MSS. corr. Miller. 1174- KaKocppoveiv MSS. AFAMEMNXIN. 43 (TL hatnoav virepPaprjs efxirCTvoiV 11 75 ixekiC^iv irdOr] yoepa davaTr](f)6pa, T€pixa b' afxr]\av(a» KA. Koi p.7]v 6 yjpy](Tp.os ovkIt €k KakvpLixdrcav earaL bebopKO)^ veoydpiov vvixixos Iv bofjLOLS fxiveL, bij(nT€fnTTos efco avyyovoyv ^F,pLvvo>v» 1190 v^voviTL 8* vfjivov bcopiacnv Trpoa-rjixevai T:pv 1240 ayav aX-qdofxavTLV OLKT^ipas ipeh. XO. Tr)v fxev SvicrTov baiTa TTaLbeLOiv KpeStv ^vvrJKa KOL iricppLKa' kol (jyopos p! ^X€l kXvovt aXr}6(as ovbev e^rjKacrpLiva, TO, b' aXX^ cLKOVcras ex bpopLOv irea-^v Tpiyo>, 1245 KA. 'Ayap,ip.vov6s cri (t>r]ix eTTOxjrea-OaL (xopov, XO. ev^r]p.0Vy 0) ToXaLva, KOLp,r]crov (TTopia, KA. dAA.' ovTL naLO)v rwS' e'Trto-raret Aoyo). XO. ovK, "^ diTcp €(TTaL y* aXXa fxr) yivoLTo irays. KA. av fxez; KaT^vx^h toIs 8' airoKTeCveLV juteAet. 1250 • XO. TLvos irpbs avbpos tovt a^os iropcrvveTaL ; KA. -q KCLpTa * Tap^ hv TrapeKQiT'qs XPV^I^^^ e/xwr. P^vacoa^ . XO. Tov yap TeXovvTos ov ^vvrJKa p.rjxcivriv. ,KA. ml pir}V 6,yav y "EXXrjv ki:(.(TTap.aL cfyaTLv, XO. Kal yap tcl irvdoKpavTa' bv(T\xad7] b' ofjLOiS. 1255 KA. TTairaly olov to irvp' iiripx^TaL be p.OL, 07070 1, AvKeL "AiToXXoVy ot eyo) eyw. avTT] bCiTovs XiaLva (rvyKOLpLOipLevr] 1 231. roidSe roXfiq, V. Fl. roiavra Fa. corr. Karst. 1235. dpav MSS. text Pors. "Aprjv Butler. 1240. fx^v MSS. 1249. €t Trdpearai MSS. 1252, Kapr dp' dv irapeffKoirTjs (ct suprascript.) Fl, V. 'nap€(TK6Tr(r)s suprasc.) Fa. napeaKdneis Vict, ndpra rdpa TTapfKdTTTjs lla-it. 1258. StVAovs V.Fl.Fa. text Vict. 46 AI2XTA0T X.VK(D, kiovTos evyevovs aiiovcria, KT€V€Z fX€ TTjv ToXaivav' ws §6 (^oLpixaKov 1260 Tevyovcra^Ka^iov ixiaSov ivOrjaeLV Korea kirevyjETaij Orjyova-a (poirl cjycia-yavov, cfxrjs ayoayrjs avTiTia-aa-dai v ^vt:^ €\0p5iv ov bixoppoTTOis pLdrrjv — Kokovp^ivr] be (poLTas o)? ayvprpia TTTOixos ToXaiva kipiolOvrjs r\ve(r)(6p.r]v — Ka\ VVV 6 pidvTLS fJLCLVTLV eKTTpCL^aS €pi€ 1 2 75 CLTT'qyay^ is TOidarbe Oavaa-tpiovs tv^cis* f3(op.ov iraTpioov 8' dvT €7ri^r]voi> piiveu OeppLi^ KOTidcrris (pOLVico TT£oar(f)dypLaTL. '^^f'^*"^ ov ii7]v ^rijLtot y €k Be&v reOvrj^opiev, ^fet yap rjpL&v dXXos av fipidopos, 1280 pLTjTpOKTOVOV (pLTVpia, TTOlVCLTOUp TTarpOS' (pvyas 5' dXrjTrjs rrja-be yrjs diro^evos KdreicriVi dras rdabe OpLyKcacroav c^tAots' opLoopLOTat yap opKos €k 6eG>v piiyas fd^etv VLV v'nriaorp.a Keip^ivov Trarpos. 1285 tC brJT eyo) * KdroLKTOs cS8' dvao-rivca ; 1261. kvOrjffei V. Fl. text Fa, 1267. o.-yaQoj 8' dfieiipo/xai MSS. irecTovT' eyob 8' d^i €if/ofiai H. text A. W. Verrall. 1268. dT7]v MSS. corr. wStan. 1271. fiera MSS. corr. H. 1284. MSS.. read this after 1290. corr. H. 1286. kcltoikos MSS. corr. Seal. ArAMEMN12N. 47 67r€t TO TTpiOTOV ClboV *l\[oV TToXiV npd^acrav &)? iirpa^ev, ot 8' * €lkov ttoXlv, ovTcos airaWd(rcrov(TLv iv 6e&v Kpicreiy lov(Ta TTpd^oi* Tkrja-ofjLaL to KaTOavelv. 1290 "Atbov TTvXas he ^ Tdo-b' iyo) irpoa-evveiTCi}. kTievyoiiCLL 8e Kaipias TrX-qyrjs tvxgIv, 0)9 aa-cpdbaoTos, at/xara)i; evOvqa-Cixayv diroppvivTOiv, opuxa (rvp,pd\(ii Tohe. XO. S TioXka jutez/ Tdkaiva^ ttoWcl 8' av aro(f)r} 1295 yvvaii fjLaKpav Iretra?. et 8' hrjTvpLOis fiopov Tov avTrjs oTcrda, tt&s 6er}\dTov poos bUrjv TTpos jSoifjibv evroA/xco? Traret? ; KA. ovK ecTT dXv^Ls, ov, feVot, ^xpovov ttXcco. XO. 6 8' wraro? ye rou xpopov irpea-^eveTaL. 1300 KA. ^K€t ro8' ^/xap* o-fjuKpa K€pbav(o (pvyfj. XO. dAA.' to-^t TXrifJLaiv oya-^ dir* evTokpLOV (f)pev6s» KA. dAV evKAewj rot KaTOaveiv X'^P^^ PpoT^. XO. oiu^cts aKovcL TavTa t&v evSat/xoVcoz;. KA. ^0) irdrep aov tQ^v re yevvaicnv TeKvoiv. 1305 XO. rt 8' eo-rt xprjpia, tls (t dTT0(rTpi(f)eL (fiojBos ; KA. <^e{5 aTr€p €k Tdcpov irpiirei. XO. ov ^vpLOv dyXdia-pia bcofxaa-LV Aeyets. KA. dAA' et/xt Kaz; 8o/xot(rt ko^kvctovct lpJf]v ^Ayafji€p,vov6s re fiolpav. apKeCTO) /Stos. 1288. cTx*"' MSS. corr. Musgr. 1291. ras A€7a; MSS. corr. Aur. 1299. XP^^V MSS. 1309- ^(^/Sov MSS., but Fa. has v over the /3. 48 AISXTAOT 10) t,^vou ovTOL bva-oiCoi Oajxvov ws opvis (l)6(3ti> 6.X\(ji)S' Oavovorr) ixapTvpelre [xol robe, orav yvvT} yvvaiKos olvt e\xov 6avr\^ avrip T€ bva-bdpiapTos avr avbpbs ir^arrj. eiTi^evovpLai ravra 6' a)s davovp.ivr\, XO. a> T\rj[jLOV, olKTeCpoi ere 6€(T(f)aTov jjLOpov. KA. 6,TTa^ €T eiTrety pfja-LVj *ov Oprjvov 64Xai €fxov Tov avTTjs, rjXiov 8' iTrevxojJiaL Trpbs vcTTarov (pm f toIs e/xots TLfxaopotSy €xdpo1s (f)OV€V(rL Tols €/XOtS T[v€iV O/XOU, f bovXr}s Oavovcrris, evpiapovs x^'P^MCtroj. to) jSpoTeia TTpdyjJLaT' evTvyovvTa jjlcv * (TKLa TLS av TTpiylreiev' et be bvarvxfjy fioXals vyp(D(r(ro)v (nroyyos &\e(T€V ypacfy-qv. Kol TavT €Keiv(t)v fxaXXov olKTetpo) irokv. XO. 70 fxev €V 7rpd(r(T€LV CLKOpeoTov ecjyv TTCLCri PpOTolcTLV baKTvXobeLKTcov 8* ovTLS d7r€L7r(i)v dpyei ixeXdOpcdv, ' fx-qKir ea-ikdrjs rdbe ' (pcoviov. Kol T(58e ttoXlv fiev kkelv ebocrav fJidKapes YlpLdfjioVj OeOTL[JLr]TOS 8' OtKaS' LKdv€L' vvv 8' et 7TpoT€p(ov alix aTTOTLO-eti KOL TolcTL OavovcTi 6av(s)v dX\a)V TTOLvas 6avdT(ji)v "^ liriKpaiveiy tCs av ev^aiTo ^ fiporbs cov da-Lvel 1317. dW ws eavovoT} MSS. corr. H. 1322. fj MSS. corr. H. 1323. ^Xia; MSS. corr. Karst. 1328. (r/ctd rts dj/TpeY^t€j/ MSS. av Pors. irpf^eiev H. afcia Con. 1340. IrnKpavd FL V. 0701/ kiTiKpavii ¥3.. corr. H. 1341. $poTuv MSS. corr. Bothe. ArAMEMN12N. 49 baiixovL (fyvvai rah' cLKOvoiv ; AT. iofjiOL, TT€TTkrjyixaL Kaipiav iTkr}yr]v €(T(t}, HMIXOPOI. HM. criya* tls irX'qy'qv aiiret Kaipioas ovTaa-fxivos ; AF, w/xot /x(iA' avOiSi bevrepav TreirX-qypLivos. 1345 HM. Tovpyov ^Ipyaa-Oai boKeX imol ^acrtAews ol[jL(oyiJLaTL, aXka K0LV(i)(T(a[X€6^ ^ijv ttws ao-^aXri povXevjjLaT *?/. HM. eyo) piev vpuv Tr]V epLr}v yvcap^rjv Aeyco, TTpoy 8a)/xa hcvp* aa-Tola-i K7]pV(T(TeLV (Soriv. HM. €/xot 8' 0770)9 TCLXi'O'Td y ipiiT^o-elv boK^i 1350 Kttl TTpayfx iXiyx^LV ^vv V€oppvT(a ^i(j)€i* HM. Kayo) rotoi;rov yvcopLaros kolvcovos obv \lrr](l)[(opiaC tl bpav, to pirj p^iWeiv 8* clkixtj. HM. opav TiapecTTi' (fipoip^idCovrai yap ws TVpavvibos (rrjpL^'la irpdcTorovTes TroAet. 1355 HM.xpoviCop.ev yap. ol be *r^s /xeAAovs kAcos * 7re8ot TTarovvres ov KaOe'vbovoriv xepL HM. ovK olba PovXrjs rja-TLvos rvxcav Xeyo). Tov bp&vTos ecTTL Kal TO povXevaai irepL. HM. Kayo) tolovtos elpt!, eirel bvorpLrjx^^^^ 1360 Xoyoiai TOV OavovT dvia-Tavai irdXiv. HM. ^ Kal Piov * TeivovTes <38' virei^opev bofxoDV KaTata^vvTrjpa-L rotcrS' rjyovpiivoLS ; HM. dAA' OVK aveKTov, aXXa KaTOaveiv KpaTel, ireiraLTipa yap fiolpa Trjs Tvpavvibos, 1365 HM. rj yap TeKpLr^pCoia-iv e^ olpcoypLCLTcov lxavTeva-6p.e(r6a Tavbpbs ws 6Xo)X6tos ; 1347. &v . . . . ^ov\cv/xaTa MSS. 1356. fxcWovffrjs Fa. rrjs fif\\ovar]s Fl.V. 1357' ttc'Soj' MSS. corn H. 1^62. KTiivovrcs MSS. 50 AI2XTAOT HM. (ra(|)' elboras XP'H '"wz^^e ^6vixov yvvai, x^oz;orp6(/)e? kbavov (TTp. rj TTOTov 7ra(raix€va ^ pvTas ef aXos opjxcvov T08' iiriOov dvos brjpioOpoovs r apds ; cLTribLKcSf dTTcVa/xes *r * a7ro7roA.ts 8' Icct, 1410 fxto-os oppLixov aoTot?. KA. rw /mey 8tKaf€ts l/c TroAews (f)vyr}V ipLol Kot /xto-oj acTTtiiv br]ix66povs t ex^iv apds, ovbev * TOT avbpl ra)8' kvavTiov (pipcov* 69 ov TTpoTLixQv, oDcriTepel (3otov [xopov, 141 5 /xiJXcor z^ 1420 €py(t)v biKacTTrjs Tpaxvs €t. Xeyo) 8e crot rotaur aTretXeti;, m TTap€(rK€va(rfxivr]s €K tQ>v opLomv X^^P^ VLKrjq-avT ifxov A, 1396. rdSf MSS. 1408. ^uca? MSS. 1410. dirha/xfs dtroXis MSS. T K. dTToiroXis H. 1414. to5* MSS. 1418. t€ A^/^/idTwi/ MSS. corr. Cant. 1419. xf^ MSS. . . 52 AISXTAOT apx^iV €CLV be TovfXTraXiv KpaCvrj deos, yvcocret bihax^Sels oxj/^ yovv to (TOi^poveiv. 1425 XO. iMeyaXojjLrjTLS et, iT€pL(f)pova b* lAaxes, Sa-irep ovv (povoXipei T?X9 /?r)y iTrt/xatrcraf Xt/3os €77* 6[xiJLdT(ov otp^aTos * ifJ^TTpiir^L* cltUtov €Tl (Tje xp-q (TTepop'ivav (l>Ck(i)v TVfjLfjLa TVfJLfxaTL TicTai, 1430 KA. KOi TT^vb' aKOij€lS^ OpKLOiV €pi&V OipLLV' fxa TTjv rikeiov rrjs €p,rjs iraibos biKrjv, "Atriv 'EpLvvv d\ aloTL Tovb^ a^ eyw, ov /xot <\)6pov fiikadpov ikirls efJuraTel, €0)9 hv dWrj TTvp icf) eortay e/x^s 1435 AXyicrOo^, o)? to irpocrdev ev cjypov&v efxot. ovTos yap rijuv clo-ttIs ov pLLKpa dpdorovs* K€LT(u yvvaLKOs TTJa-be kv[xavTripios, Xpva-qiboiv p.€ikiyp.a t&v vtt' 'lA-to), 7] T alxP'dkoiTos rjb€ kol Tepaa-KOiros, 1440 KOL KOLv6k€KTpos Tovbc, 6€(r(l)aTr]k6yos TTtoT?) ^vvevvosj vavTLko)V be (rekpLCLTOiv ^IcroTpL^rjs* dTipLa d' ovk eTTpa^dTrjv. 6 piev yap ovtcos' t] be tol kvkvov bUrju Tov vcTTaTOV {JLekyj/ao-a Oavda-iy^ov yoov 1445 Kctrat (j)LkrJTa)p "^7(56', ip-ol 8' eTrrjyayev evvijs Trapoyj/cavrjp.a ttjs epirjs x^^^V^- XO. p6(D(ras oro/xaroy yvcafirjv, avT, ^\ 1475 TOP ^TpnrdxvvTov baCfxova y^vvrjs Trjcrbe KLKX.r](rKo>v, €K tod yap epCiis at/xaroXot)(o? t veCpcL Tpi<^€Taiy irplv KaraXij^ai TO TiakaLov axos, vios tx.^/),vyo^p ^'^^-^ 1480 %0, 17 ^liyav * oIkovoixov arp. y\ baCjJLOva koI jBapvpL-qvLv alvels. €V €V^ KaKov aivov arq- pas TVX^CLS CLKOpioTOV' 1(0, i?) bial Alos 1485 iravaLTiov Travepyira, tC yap ^poTols avev A to? reXeirat ; tC Tcovb^ ov OeoKpavTov kcrriv ; l^ lb) /Sao-tXeu ^acrik^v, -TTcSs ce haKpvoroi ; 1490 (jypevos €K (f)L\Cas tC ttot ctTrco ; Keio-at 8' apdxyqs €v v(l)a(rixaTL r^d* a(T€p€i Oavdrca pCov ^Kirvioiv. w/xoi fxot Koirav rdvV av^XevO^pov ho\i(^ fxopcfi bapLels 1495 €/C X^P^^ apL(l>iT6pL(0 p€X€pLV(0. KA. avxets ctrat robe rovpyov kp.6v» pL-qb^ (TTikexOfji ^ ^ AyapiefJivomav elvaC p! &Ko\ov. dapLaTL rcoS* acrejSet davdrio fiiov €kttv€(i)v. (apLOt, fxoi Koirav Tavh^ dveXeuOepov 8oA.to) fxopo) 8a/xeis €K X^P^^ diM(l)LT6pLia ^eAejuii;fy(v€Lav' tv MSS. corr. Jacob. 1559- X^t>a MSS. AFAMEMNXIN. 57 XO. oveiboi -qKCL Toh* avT ovcCbovs. avT, 6'. 1560 bv(TixaxcL 8' €(ttI Kpivai. (f>€peL (f)ip02rr, kKTivei 8' 6 Kaivoav. fxifxvcL bk ixifxvovTos iv ^ dp6v(^ Alos iraOelv tov ep^avra, 6i(T}xiov ykp' TLS ^v yovav ^ apaiov eK^oXoL 80/xcoz; ; 1565 KCKoWrjTaL yivos * upos ara. KA. is Tovb^ €V€p7] ^vv 6Xr]6eia avr. c'. * Xprja-pios* €y(i> ovv iOiXoi baifJLOVL rco UXeicrOevtbcav opKovs OeyiivT] rabe piep o-repyeLj/, 1570 bv(TT\r}T6, irep ov6\ o b€ Xolttov, Iovt €K T&vb€ bopLoav akXrjV ycvcav TpL^eLV OavdroLS avdivraicn, KTedvoiiv T€ jxipos fiaiov ixova-rj irav diroxpr} (Jlol 1575 \iavias jxeXdOpoiv aXXrjXocpovovs acpeXova-rj, Airi20O2. S (^iyyos cvcppov Tjjuepas 8tK77^o/oou. (jyaiTjv av "qbr] vvv ^poTcav TLpiaopovs Oeovs dvoiOev yrjs €ttot:t€V€Lv a^i?, lb(i>v vcpavTols €v TriirXois 'Eptz^vcor 1580 TOV dvbpa Tovbe Kd\xivov (/)tAa)s e/xot, Xepos iraTpcDas ^ eKrivovT^, ^jLrjxavds, 'Arpevs yap apx^^v rrja-be yrjs, tovtov Trarripy 1563. XP^^V MSS. corr. Schiitz. 1565. paov MSS. corr. H. 1566. Ttpoaaxpai MSS. corr. Blomf. 1568. XPV'^H''^^ MSS. 1575. ftoi 5' I d\\r]\o(f)6vovs MSS. 8' has come from hiatus, hiatus from wrong order; corr. Erfurdt. 1582. l/cretVoj/ra MSS. 58 AI2XTA0T TTaripa Svia-T-qv tov €\i6v, «? TopQs (ppdcaif avTov T ab€\(l)6v, ajii<^tA.€Kros cov KpdreL, 1585 'qvhprjkdrrjo-ev €k TToAecos re kol bopLOiV. Kol irpoarpoTTaLOs eortaj juioXcbz; irdXiv - T\'qiJL(ov Sv€(TTr]S p.oipav cvper dcrcfyakij, TO /XT) 6av(siV TiaTpiDov at/xafat iribov. [aiyrov.] ferta 8e Tovbe bva-Qeos Trarrfp 1590 ['Arpevy, irpoOypLOis piaWov rj <^tA.a)?,] Trarpt ra>/x(j), Kpeovpyov rip.ap ev6vpi(0S ayeiv boK&Vf irapio^e balra iraibeioiv Kpe&v. TO, fjikv TTobrjpr] kol x^P^^ CLKpovs Krivas t €dpv7TT avdiOev avbpaKCLS Kadr]p,evos 1595 ^ ao-?7/x o avTcav avTLK ayvoia Aapatv j €€pTov HeXoTTibais eTrev^erat, 1600 XcLKTio-na b^LTTVov ^vvbiKOiis TiOels d/oa, ovrcos okia-Oai irav to HkeLcrOevovs yivos* €K T&vbi (TOL TTeaovTa Tovb' ibelv irdpa. Kayo) bUatos Tovbe tov ^ovov pa(l)€ijs. TpiTov yap ovTa /x' cttI ^ bv(ra6kL(a iraTpl 1605 crvveiekavveL tvtOov ovt Iv (nrapydvoLS* Tpa(l)ivTa 8' avdis rj biKY] KaTr\yayev, KOL Tovbe TCLvbpbs r)\lfdpLr}v Ovpaios wr, TTOLo-av (Tvvdyj/as yir]yavriv bv(T^ovkLav iaTpop.dvT€LS, ovx Spas opcav Tdbe ; TTpbs KivTpa pLT} AaKTt^e, fxri ^ TTataras P'Oyfjs. XO. yvvaii (rat irpos yvvaLKos ^v a-acficos' cyo) 8' VTTOTTTos e^^pos ^ iraXaiyev-qs* €K T(av be Tovbe XPW^'^^'^ 'neipda-op.ai 161 1. lUvri Fa. 1613. Toj/S' c^jyy MSS. 1621. b€an6v V. Fl. text Fa. 1624. v-qaas MSS. 1625. rovh' ^kovtos Stanl. and most edd. text MSS. fxivojv Wieseler. v€ou MSS. 1626. oiVxv- vovff' MSS. corr. Wieseler. 1631. riniois MSS. corr. Jacob. 6o AI2XTAOT I apyjEiv TToXiTcaV tov b^ firj ireiOavopa fevfo) (SapcCats ovtl fx-q (reipa^opov 1640 KpiQCivra tt&Xov' dXA.' 6 bva-cpLkrjs ^a-KOTia Xifjibs (vvoiKos fiaXOaKov o-cf)' iTroyj/eraL, XO. ri bri tov avbpa rovh* cltto xjrvxrjs KaKjjs ovK avTos rjvdpL^es ; akXa f <^y^ yvvrj \(apas fXiao-fxa kol OeOiV ^y^aopioav 1645 iKT€Lv\ 'O/oeorr/s apd ttov jSkeireb (j)dos, 0770)9 KaT€X6(i)V beVpO 7Tp€VlX€V€l rv)(r} dfj,(f)o'Lv yevr]Tai Tolvbe irayKparip (^ovevs ; AI. aAA' eTTet boKels rah* epbetv kol Aeyety, yrwcret rdxa. XO. *****" 1650 AI. €ta br} (j)LkoL Xo)(LTai, rovpyov ovk ckcls robe. XO. €ia bri, ft(|)os TTpOKCdirov iras tls e^rpeTrtfeVa). AI. dXXa fJLTjv Kayo) irpoKcairos ovk dvaivopiai Oavetv, XO. bexpfxivois Xeyetj daveiv ae' ttjv rvxrjv 8' ^ al- povfjLeda. 1653 KA. [jL-qbapLOdSf w (pCXraT dvbpcov, dXXa ^bpda-uiii^v KaKd. aXXa KOL rdb^ i^ajxija-aL iroXXd bva-rrjvov ^ 64pos' TTr]p,ovrjs 8* dXis y virdpx^i' pLr)bev alixarcojieda. t * o-retxe kol (tv x^^ yipovTcs irpos bopLOVSy ^TTeTTpoiixivoLs TTpXv TTaBelv ^eX^avres. apK€LV XPV^ ^<^^' ^^ eirpd- ^aixev. t 66 8e rot ixoyfioav yivoLTO Tcavb^ aXt?, "^Scxo^/xe^' dv, baifxovos X^^V /^^ipeta 5uotv)(w? TreTTXrjyfiivoi, 1660 1 64 1. if<$Ta; MSS. Perhaps Svffi\eT Cant. Wanting in MSS. 1673. KaXw Heath. Wanting in MSS. NOTES. [Prologue. The palace of Agamemnon at Argos, at night. Enter on the roof a watchman, who reclines head on arm, and soliloquises : (11. 1-39.) ' For a year I have been watching for the fire to tell of Troy's capture ; the life here is one of sadness and anxiety : now I hope for better things.' The light then appears, and he bursts into a shout of joy, broken by gloomy hints at the close.] 1. I . The place is called Argos, and the people Argeioi, all through the play. According to the old tradition, however, Agamemnon was king of Mykenae, a town about six miles from Argos. Homer (2. 569) enumerates the towns which formed his kingdom. The use of the name Argos for Mykenae was nevertheless common in the Greek poets, and it was all the more natural now, as about b.c. 463 (five years before 458, the date of the play) Argos had defeated and dismantled Mykenae, and sold or expelled the inhabitants. Soon after this the Argeioi be- came allied with Athens. The watchman is a loyal servant of Agamemnon, sent to watch for the beacon-fire which is to tell of the capture of Troy. It is possible, however, that the queen wishes for her own purposes to have early >/ tidings of her lord's return. (Patin, Eschyle, 314.) 1. 2. * Through this long year of watching,' lit. ' through the length of a year's watch.' p.'rJKos, ace. of, duration. (It is possible to take <|>povpds as app. to irovwv, and ijitIkos ace. of respect, ' these toils, my watch a , year in length,' but it makes a rougher, more artificial, construction. The conjecture jatixos. ' cure,' which D. adopted, is ingenious, but quite unnecessary.) t)v Koi)ji(b)ji€vos, 'wherein resting.' i]v cognate or in- ternal ace. 1. 3. oT^Yais 'ATpciBwv aYKaOcv, kvvos Siki}v, 'on the roof of the Atreidae couche^, head on arm, like a dog.' d-yKaOev from ot^kti, * bent arm* (like the coiftmon Homeric dyKas in ayKcis €\uv, dynds ex**''? k.t.\. * to hold, or take in the arm '), found Eum. 80 ciyKadev Xa^uv ^ptras : quite a different word from dviKaOev (from dvoj, eKaOev,) ' from above,' which is clearly the right reading in Eum. 369. Eng., Schn., Dind., read ariyrjs, and construe dyKa$€Vy 'above,' con- 54 AGAMEMNON. tracted from dv€Ka0€v, which makes good sense, but it is unlikely that Aeschylus should have used the rare word dveKadev in a form syncopated so as to confuse it with the different word dyKaOev, which we know he also uses in Eum. 80. 1. 4. KarotSa, ' I know well,' ' I have learnt to know.* 1. 6. SvvdcTTas, bright ' rulers,' as he finely calls the leading con- stellations whose rise marks the seasons ; not ' the sun and moon,' as Pal., which in no sense bring summer and winter. 1. 7. Is no doubt a gloss, dorcpas is rough rhythm, a dull repetition after darpcov, superfluous to the construction with dvvdaras in the line before; and the whole line rather produces the effect of bathos. 1. 8. Notice the rhetorical repetitions, \ap,Trd8os • . irupos, 4>dTiv . . P&^iv. <|)vXd(ro-a>, ' I watch for.' 1. 10. dXwcniAov . . pd^iv, ' tidings of capture,' a rare use of the adj. ; in poetry, however, there is hardly any relation to the substantive which the adj. cannot express. wBc -ydp, best taken simply, ' for such sway she bears, my mistress' manly heart, nursing her hope,' i. e. for I am forced to obey her. (So Eng., Schn. ; Paley's nparu kXiri^ov, ' confident in hope,' is forced and unusual ; and the order is against it.) The phrase is slightly strained but not unnatural. Others take it ' for so she orders ' simply : but Kparci is not so used. 1. 12. The clause €vt' Slv ..t\(o, is interrupted by the parenthesis ipS^os ydp . . virvq), and taken up again loosely but naturally by orav Sc . . , so that the general sense is ' and when I keep my weary watch (for fear prevents my sleeping), and try to while away the time by song,' 1. 14. €|jLT|v, with the double emphasis of being last word of the sentence and first word of the line, is very weak, and is perhaps a cor- ruption of fvvrjv in the line before, as Hartung suggests : though neither Bentley's kfioi, nor Schn.'s ri firjv ; is satisfactory : and we do find weak words in that position, cf. 1231, 1589. <|>6pos, ' the^ear,' is of what will follow when the king returns ; but it is only a hint, as in 19 and 31. 1. 15. TO p,if\ . . o-vfApaXciv, a common Greek idiom, being one form of the consecutive infinitive, expressing the result, the sense being ' so that I cannot,' ' preventing me from.' 1. 16. detSeiv. There is a proverb 'singing on watch,' ((j>povpds adojv) Arist. Clouds, 720. pviiponai, * to hum,' or ' warble,' properly ' to sing in a low tone,' used often of birds. The full phrase is found Ar. Eccl. 880 /xivvpofievr] irpos kfxavT^v fieXos (of a woman waiting and hum- ming a tune to while away the time). Sokuj, '1 think to,' as we say. So Ar. Vesp. 177 t^^ ^^ov e^dyciv 5ok&, Av. 671 cfukrjffai ;xoi 8okw. (The construction is really an attraction into the personal from, the im- personal, instead of saying dofCH fxoi ... So the Greeks say diKaios elfn iroLUv for SiKaiov fioi cart iroiuv. See 1079.) NOTES. 65 1.17. * Shredding in this vocal cure in place of sleep.' cvtcjivw, 'to slice or shred in,' is used of putting (medicinal) herbs into a potion ; so here mttaphorically. (K.'s ev Tffxvoj is not happy; if re/xvoj is ad- mitted, what more natural than IvTifivojl) Observe the mixture of sen- tentiousness and forcible homeliness in the speech of this servant : his repetitions (8-10), and antithesis (11, 21-22), and dark hints (39), and his homely metaphors from watchdogs (3), drugs (W), dicing (32-33), oxen (36), are all characteristic. 1. 19. This cautious phrase might simply mean that the 'absence of the king was felt ;' but ' to those who know ' (39) it meant the un- faithfulness of Klytaemnestra. 1. 21. 'When with glad tidings shines the fire of darkness,' a sen- tentious antithesis such as the rustic wit delights in. So vuktos, ijp.€pT|cn.ov, [22. At this point the beacon he is watching for flashes out. He is supposed to be looking northward toward the Ari;olic mountain, Arachnaion, which was the last beacon Ijefore Argos, 309,] 1. 22. ' Thou blaze of night, a daylight glare revealing,' is another of his antitheses. 1, 24. o-vfjL{|)opd, 'hap,' 'event,' a neutral word, here in good sense, though mostly used in a bad one. 1. 25. iov, loO. ♦ Hurrah ! ' exclamation of joy here ; though more often of horror and woe, as 1214. 1. 26. The MSS. vary between onr]p,aivaj (M. G.) and arjiMLvu : the latter expresses his intention of telling Klytaemnestra ; the former means ' by this cry Iov I signify to K.,' and that is rather more vigorous, and also suits ropws, * loudly,' better. 1. 27. The constr. is the ace. inf. of the oblique petition, 'I signify that she should rise from her bed and upraise a shout,' etc. tiravTeiXa- o-av (notice the syncope, for k-n-ava-rdXaaav'), a picturesque word sug- gesting the rise of sun or star. Sopiois might be dat. recip. ' for the house ;' but more likely it is the local use ' in the house,' an old fashion surviving in poetry. 1. 29. €i7rfp, ' since,' as often. 1, 30. dYY<^^'«>v irpcTrci, * brightly tells,' lit. ' shines telling.' Again a picturesque phrase, {a-^'^ikwv of Med. etc. is clearly an error.) I. 31. {Here the watchman executes a triumphal dance. '\ II. 32-33. These two lines become clear when one sees that the metaphor is all from dicing : ' My master's luck I'll mark as prosperous, now that this fire has thrown me sixes three.' OccrOai, ' to put it down,' as we say ; somewhat as QkaQax nap' ov5ev, kv dSiKrjixaTi OioOai, k.t.X. 1. 34. 8' oviv. The regular use of these particles is in dismissing a subject^ cutting short a train of thought, resuming after a digression, and such situations, lo-rcu 5' ovv ottcus viuv (piXov Soph. O. C. 1205, ovk 6ib\ P 66 AGAMEMNON, (f^oi b' ovv ij r ayav aiyr) 0apv id. Ant. 1250. So Ag. 224, 255, ' Well, be it mine to grasp my lord's dear hand.' 1. 35. Pao-Td^ci), prop, 'to bear, or lift/ so ' to feel/ 'to hold.' x^P^ dXoxov i3. Eur. Ale. 917 ; acoixa /3. Soph, O. C. 1105. I. 36. The first shadow of the tragedy falls on the almost boisterous joy and playfulness of the rustic watcher, namely the dark hint of the unfaithfulness of Klytaemnestra, which is to lead to the 'worse that remain- behind.' Povs €irl yXwctctt) .. ^i^T]Ke, 'a huge ox stands upon my tongue/ a pithy rustic metaphor for enforced silence ; PoCs meaning simply a heavy weight (the idea of a reference to bribery — povs being the ox on the old Attic coins — is less likely). PepT^Ke, 'stands/ 'lies/ present sense, as is natural to perfect. So x}^po% kv ^j P€^r]Kafj.tv, ' where we stand/ Soph. O. C. 52; knl iruiXov ^(^uiaav, 'riding,' 'seated/ ib: O.C. 313- I. 38. ws, 'for,' gives the reason for aiyui. Ikwv, 'purposely,' goes with XiqGojjiai, chiefly (as Eng., Schn., Pal., point out), the first verb, avSw, being less important. (Observe the Epic fxaOovai for roTs fi.) ' For purposely, as I speak to those who know, to those who know not — I forget.' \-i\Qo\iai is rather unexpected, and is another touch of what may be almost called his rustic playfulness. With this dark hint he goes off; and the chorus of Argive elders enter the orchestra by the side passage {trdpoSos). The proper choral odes begin 104. [Parodos. 11. 40-103. Enter the chorus, marching in time to the ana- paestic song. The general sense of the opening or entrance song is as follows : ' Ten years are passed since the Atreidae sailed forth with the fleet for vengeance, like vultures robbed of their young (40-54). Zeus Xenios is wroth with Paris and sends the avenging host, bringing long struggles for both sides, and the end to be as fate wills' (55-71). Meanwhile the queen Klytaemnestra appears, and begins the preparations for sacrifice. ' What hast thou heard, lady ? See, all the altars begin to blaze ! What does it mean ? W^e waver between anxiety and hope' (72-103).] II. 40-42. ' This is the tenth year since Priam's great foe King Mene- laos and Agamemnon.' It has been noticed as odd that p-tYcis dvTtSiKos should be applied only to Menelaos, and that Agamemnon, the ' king of men,' is second. It may be only accidental, as in the next two lines {bxvpov ^eu7o?) and below (109 SiOpovov Kparos) they are treated with equal honour. Or, perhaps, dvTC8iKos is used strictly, and Menelaos comes first as the wronged party, Agamemnon being his helper, dvri- 81KOS, metaphor from law-courts, meaning simply ' antagonist.' eirei and even ort are used in this sense ' since ;' the precise phrase is 6| ov. 1. 43. StOpovov . . TLp,TJs, gen. of description or equivalence as it is called, one of the numerous shades of relation described by genitive. NOTES, 6y Translate, ' The mighty pair of Atreus' sons, each dowered from Zeus with rank of throne and sceptre.' (It is literally, ' pair of Atreidae, of two-throned honour,' etc., i.e. 'consisting of;' the rifirj is the abstract aspect of the kings.) Grammatically Tifirjs and 'ArpfiSdv are parallel, both being gen. after ^(vyos. Ai66€v qualifies the adjectives. 'ArpciBav, Doric gen. ; the choruses contain many Doric forms. 1. 47. "Jipav, 'sped;' aipoD, prop, 'to lift,' is used commonly for 'to start,' both trans. aroXov, arparov, and intrans. orparS), vavai, both of land and sea. It probably originally meant simply * to take up ' your things and be off. 1. 49. TpoTfOv (ace. of apposition to sentence, like Zik7]v, xapiv), ' like.' 1. 50. oiT€, Epic form of rel. eK-iraTiois {-naros, 'path'), 'out of the path,' may mean either ' strange,' 'unbounded,' ' terrible,' or ' lonely;' the latter very well suits the eagles wheeling over their craggy nests ; and is the meaning given by the Scholiast. iraCSwv, ' for their young.' Gen. of relation, common after words of feeling, as anger, grief, sur- prise, etc. 1. 51. virarot Xcxecov, * high o'er their nest.' v-naros governing gen. much as viftp does, by a slight extension of usage. 1. 52. ' The oarage of their wing,' a fine phrase for the flight of large birds. Lucretius, 6. 743, imitates {retnigi oblitae pennaruni) and Vergil has followed {remigio alarum, Aen. i. 301, 6. 19). 1. 53. 8€fi,viOTT|pT] irovov opraXixtov oXIo-avTCS, * having lost the guardian-task of their brood,' i.e. 'the task of keeping the nest:' the adj. describes in what the task consists. The word occurs again 1449, in the sense of 'keeping the bed,' i.e. ' confining to bed' of sickness. 1. 55. 'Above there is one that hears, either Apollo,' etc. Observe idiomatic use of tis, where we should say ' perchance,' So Verg. Aen. I. 182 ' Anthea si quem iactatum vento videat.' Apollo protects the birds as god of augury : Pan as god of the forest and wild animals : Zeus as god of justice. (Schn.) 1. 56. Notice the loaded adjectives, in Aeschylus' weighty manner, * the shrill lament of winged mourners who dwell in his skies :' |X€toC- Ktov being a finely imaginative word : the birds are the sojourtiers in the god's home. 1. 59. irapaPacriv, ' to the transgressors,' the older Epic uSw of the partic. without roh. So ixaOovai 38. 1. 61 . kiT 'AX€|Av8pa>, ' against Paris ;' krti with dat. lit. ' on' (as we say, 'he marched on Rome'). It is an Epic use, see illustrations on 357 ; in Attic and prose it would be ace. ^mos, because the crime of the rape of Helen was an offence against the sacred laws of hospitality, which were under the protection of Zeus Xenios. 1. 62. TToXvdvopos, ' wooed by many a suitor.' F 2 68 AGAMEMNON, 1.64. Gen. abs. 'when the knee is bowed in the dust,' €p€iSop.€vov, lit. ' resting,' 1. 65. irpoTcXeta, 'the prelude,' usually the sacrifice before marriage {riXos, ' rite'); here the ' prelude of the battle,' but suggesting the other sense, that the fighting was a bitter jnarriage-prelude for Paris, I. 67, €a-Tt oirrj vuv to-ri, 'the issue is — as it is now,* an intentionally enigmatic sentence. In the mouth of the chorus it naturally means ' there is good news ; the Trojans are vanquished ' (though they do not as yet know the details). But to the spectators it has a second and deeper meaning, as Agamemnon is returning to find unfaithfulness, conspiracy, and murder, and so in a terrible sense TeXcirat Is to Treirpw- jjievov, ' it draws to its fated end.' The Greek dramas are full of such double meanings, bearing only a single sense to the speaker ; and the contrast between the two senses, or between the position of the speaker as he conceived it, and as it was known to the audience, often formed most effective situations, of Dramatic Irony, as it has been called. II. 69-71, vTroKXaitov of the MSS. gives a tiresome repetition with SaKpvtov, so I have taken Casaubon's •uTroKaicov (adopted by Eng,, Schn.), making a very natural antithesis of offering and libation. The sense will then be, ' Neither by secret offering, nor by secret libation, nor by tears shall one soothe their stubborn wrath (i. e, the gods' wrath) for the un- burnt sacrifices.' Again a double meaning, (i) In the chorus' mouth it means, 'The Trojans cannot soothe their angry gods by any expiation ;' but (2) to the spectators it has a second deeper sense, 'Agamemnon cannot by any offering assuage the anger of the gods for his sacrifice of Iphigeneia.' It is hard however to be sure what is the meaning of dirv- pwv Upwv in (i), or the surface sense, it may mean 'rejected sacrifice' (offering which will not burn) ; or as Schn,, Pal,, 'unholy rite' (rite with- out fire, i.e. the marriage of Helen and Paris) ; or thirdly, as Enger, ' Shall soothe the stubborn wrath ^the unlit sacrifice,' the wrath of the god being transferred to the sacrifice which will not burn. 1, 72. driTai, 'unhonoured' is the best sense (though the termination is rare in passive sense, cp, dcperTjs, Krjpoderrjs). [Others say 'not-paying,' i.e. either 'not serving' or 'not avenging;' but both are less Smooth and natural.] 1, 73. dpcoYt]S, common gen. after XeiircaOai, -^craaaOai, etc, like gen. after comparative, ' left out of the army that gave aid,' 1. 77. dvaororcov, 'leaping' (H., Dind,, Schn,, Eng.), better far than dvacr- ffojv, • ruling ' (MSS. and Pal.). The gen. sense is, ' the strength of the old is like children's ( Iffxvv iffoiraiSa) ; for the very young vigour is as unfit for war as the very old feebleness.' In 76-82 he simply develops the idea ' the old are no better than children.' NOTES, 6g 1. 78. icro-rrpco-pvs, ' is like unto age/ i.e. the vigour of boyhood is yet no fitter for war than decrepit age. "Api^s . . X"P9> ' and Ares is not in his place,' i. e. is not t/ie?r in his place, his place being the full-grown man. Kara x^pf^v is the prose phrase for tvl x^P?* 1. 79. TO 0' vnrc'pY'Hpcov, ' and the last old age,' the neuter expressing the class, like to viov, rb KaKov ; by a loose but natural construction it becomes masc. at 81, aTux^i, a vivid personal verb, having prepared the way. The MSS. are corrupt, only Fa. reads as above. We might read Tt 6' viripyrjpoL'S, * what of the very old ?' with Eng., but prefer to follow P'a., the question being not very idiomatic or natural. 1. 80. TpiiroSas, * the three foot ways ' are of course the old men walking with a stick. 1. 82. 'He strays, a mid-day dream,' a feeble shadowy life. The day-dream being even more unreal than the night-dream. [ While this song has been si^tging, the queen Klytaemnesti-a comes out and begins to make arrangements for the sacrificing, lighting up the altars and ordering about her train of maidens. The chorus address her directly. '\ 1. 83, Tw8dp€(i>, irregular gen. from Tu^Sapeus, as though Ionic gen. of 1vvhap7]s. 1. 87. irevOoi, 'from hearing;' most MSS. have nciOoT, 'from belief,' a commoner but less appropriate word. Fl. has itvOoT, which suggests the real reading. irepiireinrTa 0vocrK€is, 'art sacrificing by' word sent round?' i.e. 'art sending round the word to sacrifice?' iTGpim\nTTa being adverbial (strictly, in agreement with cogn. ace). Ovoo-Kets, MSS. OvooKivfis, probably corrupted to complete the full line. The right word, Gvoo-Kcts, is restored from Hfisych. {6vo9, Ka- Kaico, ' to burn offering.') 1. 88. * And of all the gods that guard our city, above, below, in the heavens, in the mart.' ucrTvvop,OL, the same as the commoner words voKiovxoi and iroXiffaovxoi. viraTOt were gods like Zeus, Apollo, Hera, etc. x^ovioi were Ge, Pluto, Hermes, Eumenides, etc. The other antithesis, *in the heavens, in the mart,* is less obvious, but by dyopaioi he probably means those who do specially preside over the city-life ; by oupAvioi those who do not. 'Ayopaios is applied to Zetts (Eum. 979), to Hermes (Ar. Eq. 297), to Artemis and Athena (Paus. 3. 11. 9). (In Theb. 257 rot's 7ro\i(Taovxois ©cofs Tlediovofjiois t€ Kayopas kiriffKo- TTois, a different division is apparently meant, ' all our native gods, of the country and the town.') 1. 93. dviarx€i, ' arises,' intrans., as often from Homer onwards, esp. of the sun. See Lexicon. 1. 94. ' The pure unguent's soft and guileless spell ' is a thoroughly 70 AGAMEMNON, Aeschylean phrase, loaded and imaginative. It is called 'guileless' probably simply because irap-qyopCa, ' persuasion,' was so often guileful : the persuasion of oil to fire is genuine. 1. 96. ireXavos, ' a clot or lump ' of solid or thick liquid, so here of oil. |xvx60€v, ' from the inner store,' adv. used (with the looseness of the primitive. style of Aeschylus) to qualify the subs. TrcXdvo), The MSS. reading pao-i\6ia> quite good. It is needless to alter it to -wv. 1. 97. Xc^ao-a . . irawov t€ yevov, the t€ is not wanted, but it is a very natural anacoluthon. (Eng., Hart., Karst., etc., read Achats, which sets the grammar right, but is needless.) 1. 98. alveiv, in old sense, ' to tell of.' l 1. 100. 'Which now is bitter, and now again hope from the altar ■ fires bright shining drives back the relentless care of the grief that gnaws the heart.' The change in the constr. is very natural, and more effective than if he had finished the sentence strictly, ' and now again is lighter,' or something of that sort. 1. loi. I keep dyavd a£vovo-', on the whole nearest to the MSS., p«va Xvir-qs or ttjv 6v/x6^opov (ppiva Kvirrjv. The latter is in apposition to (ppovrid', the former is governed by it. I follow H., Schn., Eng., in preferring the genitive ; the mass of accusatives is so very clumsy. In either case p€va is governed by the adj., a rare construction. Cp. 1090 noXXa crvvhropa, Pr. 904 diropa iropip-os, Soph. Antig. 786 al (pv^ifxos, where however the adjectives are more like simple verbals, and so the construction is easier. S^Klytaemnestra has finished her preparations and has retired. II. 104-257. The general outline of the chorus' songs from here to the end 257 is as follows : Strophe i. (104-121.) I can tell the tale of victory, and the signs that went before — I yet am young enough for song — the omen of the two eagles, devoxiring a pregnant hare. (Woe, woe, but let the good prevail.) Antistrophe i. (122-139.) Kalchas the wise seer knew the sign, and prophesied : ' One day this host shall capture Troy. Only I pray no wrath of gods may strike it, for Artemis is angered against the eagles and pities the hare.' (Woe, woe, but let the good prevail.) Epode (140-159). 'I pray Artemis therefore, though she loves the wild beasts, to suffer the triumph of the eagle princes. And Paean Apollo I invoke, to stay her from raising adverse gales, while she urges on a lawless sacrifice, the slaughter of a child, fraught with evils to i NOTES. the house.' So Kalchas spake. (Wee, woe, vail.) /'^ij Str. j8'. (160-166). Zeus— whate'er his rightftil na4^->is th^ great^>, ^«/. /S'. (167-175). Ouranos and Kronos an^^rifeed awSjr-^eu^ is '^" the victor. >^0^^ ^/^ Str. 7'. (176-183). Zeus has appointed a law, tm^jw^jj^ail^ learn* by suffering, reluctant though he be. Ant.^'. (184-191). So then Agamemnon— uncomplainin host was wind-bound and suffering at Aulis \jStr. b', i92-'204], and the delay was destroying the ships and men — but when Kalchas advised a bitter cure, the slaughter of Iphigeneia, to appease Artemis \_Ant. 5'. 205-216J, then Agamemnon spake: • 'Tis evil to disobey, and evil to obey, how can I slay my child? how forsake my comrades?' [Str. e. 217-226]. So he bowed to necessity, and undertook the impious deed, misled by Madness the source of woe, and he slew his child. [Anl. e'. 228-237]. Her youth and prayers they set at nought, and like a kid they raised her to the altar, in her flowing robes, and stifled her cries. [Str. r'. 238-246]. She bared her breast, like a picture, striking all with pity ; for often she had sung to them in her father's halls. \_Anl. t. 247-257]. The rest I cannot tell ; it was accomplished. For the future— let it come ; what skills foreboding ? Our friendly wish is that all may be well. While the chorus sings, the day is supposed to break ; and whe^i Klytaetmustra returns (255) it is broad day.'] 1. 104. Kvpios €ip.t 0po€iv, ' I am he that shall sing,' ' I am the man to tell.* Kupios is ' the one who has the power,' ' the right one.' Kvpia the right or appointed day. Kparos aio-tov, ' the fated victory,' slightly strained but natural sense of Kparos. ato-ios is properly used of omens, * auspicious,' and is here transferred from the omens {pbtov) to the vic- tory. o8tov, ' foretold by signs upon the way ;' there were various kinds of omens — entrails, the flight of birds, chance cries, and signs on the way, kvoSiovs n avfi^oKovs Pr. 487. So in Ar. Ran. 197 the slave, being unlucky, says, T(j; avvervxov e^iwv; ' what can have met me when I came out?' 1. 105. cKTcXcwv. Pal. takes this as a partic. — 'accomplishing,' i.e. •singing the accomplishment.' It is less harsh to take it as gen. of adj. €/cTeA77?, 'complete,' 'consummate,' used in strained sense for * royal,' ' high.' H., Schn., Eng., read kvT^Xiojv ; needless, because it is equally used off its meaning, and MSS. all give kKT. trt -ydp 0e60€v . . aiwv, a well-known difficulty, about which numerous conjec- tures have been made; Only four views are near enough to the MSS. to be worth mentioning ; the full reading of the MSS. is : tri -ydp OeoBfv KaTarrvfiei irfiOoj fioKndv olXkclv ^vfKpvTos aiwv. (i) Goodwin 72 AGAMEMNON, (Amer. Phil. Ass. Trans. 1877) defends the MSS., and puts a comma at HoXirav : ' For still Persuasion from the gods breathes song upon me, still my old age (breathes) strength to sing.' It is very ingenious, but the antithesis (which the absence of ' and' emphasises) is harsh, ' age' and 'persuasion' being so unconnected, and the point surely is simply ' I am not too old to sing.' (2) Enger reads iioknav, and makes yLoXvav ClXkov an apposition to Tr€i6w : ' Still my age breathes from the gods upon me Persuasion, the strength of song.' (Old though I am, I am still inspired.) (3) H., Pal., Schn., etc., read fxoXirav and dA/ca, though in- terpreting differently: 'Still age growing with strength (i.e. "not yet decrepit") breathes on me persuasion of song' (Pal.), or ' Still Persuasion of song breathes (intr.) upon me, namely the time commensurate with the war,' H., Schn , Kl, Paley's is good sense, though dAwa avfjKpvTos is harsh. Hermann's is very harsh and obscure and indeed impossible. (4) Prof. Campbell neatly suggests ireiOoT fioXvdv olXkciv, which he trans- lates, 'by persuasion of song my life breathes valour.' Better take it, ' by persuasion from heaven my age yet breathes the strength of song.' the only aKfcrj I have is that of song. On the whole I prefer (2) : and next best (4) or (3) with Paley's interpretation. 1. 109. oTTcos, 'how,' takes up the first clause, Kvpius elfju Opoeiv, after the parenthesis. * The twin sovereign power, ruling with one heart,' is a characteristic Aeschylean abstract phrase for the Atreidae. 1. no. ^v{jLpova rayoiv, ' friendly might of the princes.' Ingenious. 1. III. TTpdKTopt, ' avenging,' from Trpdoaeiv in a special sense, 'to exact.' Eum. 624, tov narpos (puuov irpd^avTa. The MSS. here have Gvv dupi diKas vpaKTopi, a plain gloss ; fortunately the line is rightly quoted in Ar. Ran. 1288. 1. 112. 'The fierce bird' (Govptos, from 6v-, first 'smoke,' then • violent movement or impulse ') is said to ' send the kings to Troy,' because the sight of the eagles tearing the hare was the omen that en- couraged them. OovipLos opvts becomes plural in the next line, but easily, by help of the adjectives. 1. 115. 6 KeXaivos . . ap-yds, ' one black, one white of tail :' the black one is no doubt Agamemnon, the white-tail Menelaos (dpyds, alluding to "Apyos, as often). Aristotle (Hist. Anim. 9. 32) aptly says, ' the largest eagle is the White-tail . . the strongest is that called the Black Eagle or Hare-slayer' Perhaps Menelaos is intentionally hinted at as the less courageous. 1. 116. X^pos lie SopnrdXrov, i.e. 'on the right,' the lucky side for omens : the Greek augurs looking North, and the luck coming from the NOTES. 73 East. Hence Sextos gets a secondary meaning, 'favourable.' Notice Ik where we say ' on ; ' to the spectator the vision comes from right (subjective), but it is on the right (objective). 1. 119. 4>€p|xaTa is Hartung's excellent emendation for (pipfxari, the MSS. reading still retained by many. Those who retain it have to ex- plain how ■ycvvav can mean the mother, and how it can agree with p\aPcvTa; a feat which they attempt. With <|)€p|xaTa it is both easier and far* more effective, ' rending the hare's young, an unborn brood, checked from their after-roamings ; ' Xayivav "Yevvav will then be not the mother, but the unborn young within her. pXap€VTa, etc., neither hare Ror young can roam any more, the eagles devour them. 1. 121. * Echo the cry of wail; but let the good prevail.' In the refrain, fear and hojDe are mixed ; the reason for the foreboding is not yet told ; it occurs below. 1. 122. 'The good seer of the host' is of course Kalchas. hvo K-qfiaoi hiaoom of the MSS. is meaningless ; to say ' two differing in spirit,' as Paley takes it, is irrelevant; he is comparing 'the royal pair' to the two eagles ; he calls them above ^v/xcppova rdyav, ' princes one in heart ; ' and their tmz'on is the point wanted, not their difference. We had better therefore read Xtijjiao-iv I'o-ovs (I according to the Epic scan- sion) with Dind., Eng. 1. 123. cSd-q . . dpxas, 'knew the hare-devourers and the leaders of the host,' i. e. 'knew that the hare-devourers were the leaders ;' dpx«y» abst. for concr., like 5i6povov Kparos. Others take tto/xttous dpxas, ' the powers conducting,' i.e. the dirds, whose omen led them; a much more far-fetched meaning. 1. 1 26. dypei, the prophetic present, as though the seer saw it hap- pening. KtXcvOos, lit 'path,' i.e. ' expedition,' 'armament.' 'One day shall this host capture the city of Priam.' 1. 1 27. ' And all the gathered wealth of the people before the battle- ments Fate shall ravage with violent hand.' So the MSS. irpua€e, which can be best taken with irvpY^v, and makes good sense. Others need- lessly read npos St rd . . , i.e. ' the wealth of the towers, and likewise the people's stores.' 1. 130. irpos TO piaiov, like the commoner irpos (Biav, irpbs opyrjv, lit. 'towards' violence, wrath, etc., i. e. 'violently.' So Prom. 214, vpos rd Kaprtpov. 1. 131. oiov, 'only.' d-ya, 'envy' — Hermann's certain correction for the MSS. ara, which will not scan and makes a worse meaning. irpoTvircv o-to^iov ^kya. Tpoias o-TparccOcv . . ' lower on the mighty curb of Troy (i. e. the Greek army), the embattled host, stricken before its time (i. e. before it reaches the foe).' The seer darkly foretells here the wrath of Artemis, which was to delay the host at Aulis; 74 AGAMEMNON. 1. 135. oiKcp, to say 'the pure maiden is wroth against the house, ^ meaning the family of Agamemnon, is Ao doubt sense ; but the correc- tion oXkto) makes infinitely better sense'; ' for from pity Artemis the pure maiden is wroth with the winged hounds (eagles) of her sire.' In this way we are saved the harsh apposition oikco . . Kvat. Other corrections, oUoi, otcu, need not be considered, oiktco is due to Scho- mann. 1. 136. trTavoto-i Kva-i, 'the winged hounds,' i.e. the eagl%s. Cf. Prom. 1022, Aius 5* toi irTtjvds kvuv 5a0oti>oj aUros. The bearing of this is a little obscure, but it is of this kind : The sign of the eagles is an encouraging sign to the Greeks, boding victory ; but as Artemis is offended by the eagles devouring the hare, so she is wroth with the Greeks ; and her anger may do harm. I. 137. avTOTOKov, adj. used rather strangely = auTof? toTs tokoici, * young and all.' So avrux^ovos 536, avronpffxvos Eum. 401, avTOKOJiros Cho. 163. irpo \6xov, 'before the birth.' II. 140-145. With the ordinary readings d uaXd (140) and alrct (i^^). This passage is taken to mean, in general sense, 'Though so gentle to all the young 6i beasts, the goddess asks for the accomplishment of these omens, good and evil alike.' The difficulty is, why should Artemis ask for the accomplishment of the cruelty which she hates (arvyei dk deiirvov) ? Schiitz suggests tovtcxjv, ahw, ^vjx^oXa Kpdvai, optative, ' may she ac- complish.' It is much better to read, with all the MSS. but one, KaXd (vocative), for d Kakd, and read a'ivei (imper.) for alrci. It then will run 'Though so kindly to the tender young of mighty lion$,' O fair maiden, and loving the suckling brood of all the wild wood beasts, yet consent to the accomplishment of the signs of these things,rvisions of good and illj This makes 140-145 addressed to Artemis, as 146-155 is lo Apollo. 1. 141. I take the generally adopted Xctttois for the meaningless MS. akirrois : in the original uncials A and A were very near. 1. 145. o-rpovGcov is clearly corrupt, as it lengthens o of 4>acrp-aTa, and as there is nothing about 'sparrows ' here at all. It has got in by some one confusing this story with the story of the sign of the sparrows in II. 2. 311. 1. 146. Ilaiava, ' the healer,' well-known name of Apollo. 'It|ios, also name of Apollo jv-eai^ to be from 117, atid to mean ' invoked with the cry,' like ^vios for Dionysos. 1. 148. xpovtas €X€vfj8as dirXoias, 'adverse gales, long delaying the fleet.' {Ixivrn^ from 'ixKx:-vavs, 'ship-detaining.') 1. 150. Tev|tl» i-^- Artemis. Apollo is asked to prevail with his sister not to delay the host by adverse winds. 1. 151. Ovcriav, the ' other sacrifice, lawless, unfeasting,' is the sacri- fice of his daughter Iphigeneia, which Agamemnon made to appease NOTES, 75 Artemis, as told below. The 5a/j being the feast on the meat of the sacrifice, this offering was clearly abairo^. I. 152. 'A seed of strife clinging to the race ( ^^^^ Agamemnon, in spite of all, did the deed, and incurred the curse. Zetis is above all, and has ordained that 77ian shall only be taught by suffering, kui t60', application of the general reflections to the special case ; ' so then,* 1. 187. IjjiTratois, literally, 'striking upon,' i. e. 'his stormy lot,' prob. the same met. as GVfxirveoov, ' not breathing against/ i. e. ' yielding to.' So again, 219. 1. 189. Papxjvovx', imperf. augment omitted, as often in the choruses. 1.. 190. XaXKiSos TTcpav tx'^v, ' camped on the shore that faced toward Chalkis,' i. e. at Aulis, opp. to Chalkis in Euboea. irepav usu. taken as adv. and tx(av intr., but it is prob. the ace. of the old word iTfpa (which of course the adv. is originally), and means 'holding the other side.' We have the gen. (read by M. and Schol.) vepas in Supp. 262 (K ire pas "NawaKTias. 1. 191. iraXippoxOois, 'eddying,' 'surging back.' MSS. read iraXip- podois, with same meaning ; altered to suit metre, piaios ceA.-, 183. 1. 192. !5Tpv|x6vos. The Strymon was the great river of Thrace, which flowed out past Amphipolis. The N.E. wind would bar their passage out of the strait at Aulis. Notice the piling up of adjectives here again, as in 1. 154. 1. 195. ppOTwv aXai, in a kind of strange apposition, lit. 'wander- ings of mortals,' i. e. ' drifting men away.' PpoTwv opp. to veuv re /cat TTUCrixdTQJV. 1. 196, TraXijx,jjnn,Ki]s, as we say, ' as long again,' ' lengthening out the time twice-told.' 1. 197. Tpi|3co, 'with wasting,' rarer for Tpi^rf. 1. 199. ' Another cure of the bitter tempest,' their ordinary sacrifices having been vain for long. I. 201, 'n-po pdcr€v, no augment, 189. do^ois, ' the ministers,' ' the attendants.' {a-6^-i-os, ' on the road with,' ' accompanying,' like d-KokovO-os ; the d- appears in a-Xox-os, ' bed- fellow,' d-5e\(p6s, ' born of the same womb,' etc. Curt. 598.) 1. 233. iT€ir\ouo-t TTcptTTCT'TJ, ' with her robes flowing round her.' TTenKots, dat. respect. 1. 234. iravTi dv\xxa TrpovmirTJ. It is possible, and tempting at first sight, to take these words together, * with all her spirit drooping ;' but it is more like Greek to refer navTi 9v/i(^ to the do^oi ; the order of the words then marks the sharp antithesis, * he bade the ministers unfalter- ing raise the drooping maid.' (So d-navri 0vfjiaj Eum. 738.) They were to be eager, she was fainting with fear and grief. 1. 235. The MSS. read (pvXaKav. We might retain this and con- strue <})v\aKdv Karao-xeiv, 'to hold guard,' i.e. 'to check,' 4)96"yYov being the object accusative by a loose but not uncommon construction (like Soph. O.C. 584 rd 5' kv fieacu . . Krjariv "lax^i^, 'the time between thou forgettest '), governed by the idea (pvKdaataOai contained in (pvXaKav, ' to keep guard over her fair lips against the cry.' But <})v\aK9l is a very slight alteration, and makes the construction quite easy ; and more- over they do not want * to guard against ' {(pvXaKav Karacrx^iv) the cry, but ' to check ' (Karaax^^^) ', so I have taken it, following Blomf. and Eng. * And with the curb to stifle her sweet lips' cry, fraught with curses to her house.' 1. 237. ' With 'violence and the muffled might of bonds ;' a fine phrase for the gag. Notice dvavStp, epithet transferred frorh the bound victim to the bonds. The line hangs over into the next stanza, just as in 1 75 ; but it spoils the passage not to take it with what precedes. 1. 239. KpoKov |3a<|)ds, ' her robe of saffron,' her dyed princess' robe. So Antigone unties ' the saffron splendour of her robe,' aroXidos Kpo- Koiaoav rpvcpdv Eur. Phoen. 1491. Stanley and Schn. understand it of blood ! ! Observe the unusual hiatus \iov(Ta . . ^PaWe : perhaps the text is wrong, 1. 241. ' Plain as in a picture, fain to speak.' We are often reminded in the Greek tragedians of the works of painting and sculpture which enriched Athens. So in this play, 416, 801, 1329 ; and Eum. 50 itSov iror ^Bt] ^ivius yeypa/i/iivas dunvov ^epoxioa's, Eur. Hec 564 aripva 6' wj NOTES, 79 uydkfjiaTos KaWiara, ib. 807 ws 7pa0€i»s aTroaraBih ISov /xe, At. Ran. 537 ycypat^fi^vrjv (Ikop' koravai. So Eur. Hipp. 1009, Troad. 682. About fifty years after this play was acted a celebrated painter at Sikyon, named Timanthes, painted this very scene, and Agamemnon standing by with his face veiled (Pliny, 35. 10). In the museum at Naples there is a fresco of this subject, taken from ' the house of the Tragic Poet.' 1. 244. dyv^L (Schiitz's obvious correction for the awkward ayva of MSS.) uxavpwTOs ati89L, 'with virginal voice the spotless maiden.' Paley well suggests that the emphasis of this beautiful phrase is in- tentional ; the banquet songs of later days were sung by very different people from the pure and lovely princess. 1. 245. Read cxJttotjxov iraiava with Hartung (Eng., K. and now Pal.) for MSS. (vnoTfxov aiS>va, which will not scan and makes bad sense, * lovingly graced her loving father's chant of happy fortune, sung at the third libation.' The third libation was poured to Zciis Xo^T-qp, and then the avpiroaiov or drinking-bout began, the teitrvov being ended. With the end of the libations came the naidv, or song. So in Plato's Sympo- sium [((pT}'] SeiwiQaavTas airovSas iroirjaaaOai Koi aaavras tov Oiov, which last phrase clearly refers to the paean. See 1386. I. 247. The sacrifice itself could not be more impressively told than by this terrible hint, ' The rest I saw not neither speak ; but Kalchas' word (lit. * arts ') is not unfulfilled.' Others (Eng., Schn.) refer xd 8' cv0€v not to the slaughter, but to all that is to come of it. No doubt in 250 the Chorus are thinking of the ill to follow ; but that is led up to by the thought ' Kalchas' word is not unfulfilled,' meaning first his advice to slay Iphigeneia, then (suggested by that) his prophecy of the (po/3epa fxrjvis (154). It is far more poetical and effective to take rd 5' hOev as euphemism for the bloody deed. II. 250-254. This passage is well known for its corruptness and difficulty. The true reading is, however, probably" preserved in Fa., which reads : — Una hi ToTs fxlv itaOovaiv fm$€iy cmppcTTd. TO fieWov (TT€i ylvoiT dv k\voi9, irpoxaipiTOJ. Tt Vr^jii^i* %"!<«? The others (M., Fl., G.) read, kmppiirei rd fxeWov^ rd di trpoKX^uv €7r€t, K.T.X., which is impossible to equate with the strophe, and nearly impossible to construe. Goodwin (Trans. Amer, Phil. Ass. 1877) has however pointed out the important fact that in M. not only to Se irpoKkveiv but also t/ie colon afto' p.e\\ov is by a later hand ; so that the original reading of M. (much the oldest) confirms Fa. We only re- quire 6e after to fxeWov to make bothisense and metre. The meaning will then be : • To them that suffer, justice brings wisdom. What is to 8o AGAMEMNON, be, thou canst hear when it has come (kXvois uv principal verb, cirrrl 7€voiTO optative indefinite, assimilated in mood to kKvols as grammar requires) : ere that, have none of it {-npo xaipero}, lit. ' before hand, fare- well to it') ; 'tis but too early sorrow.' I.e. 'hear it after the event; have nothing to do with it (hearing it) before the time ; hearing before the time means lamenting before the time.' So that the subject to larov (effri) is rb irpo-K\veiv, exactly ivhat some intelligetit reader wj'ote on the side, and which has crept into the text. Enger is certainly right in reading -npo x'^'^P^^oo in two words ; the meaning is clearer, and it would be more likely to lead to the gloss which has caused all the difficulty, -npo is then adverbial, in the Epic fashion. 1. 254. ropov yap rj^d avvopOov avrais is the reading of M. and Ven. retained by Goodwin, who explains, ' for clear it will come out, in accord with them ' (the rtx^ai KdAxarros). But avrais is a very weak word, and very far from re'xi'at ; and the emendation ovvopOpov (Wel- lauer) avyah (Herm.), 'clear it will come with the rays of the dawn,' is very near the MSS., and gives a fine sense, and is generally adopted. 1. 255. 8' ovv, 34. MSS. give evirpa^is, verbal from eS irpdaativ : some prefer to write it in two words according to the ordinary rules, but there is doubt whether it will not stand. rdirl TovToto-i, * as to what comes after.' 1. 256. ' This one sole defence of the Apian land, bound by close ties.' These words may mean either 'ourselves.' or ' Klytaemnestra,' who just then enters. The former is perhaps the more natural thing to say ; but a-yx''<''TOv and |jiov64)povpov look like the latter, and in that case fjLoy6(ppovpoi/, ' sole-guarding,' is (as Schn. remarks) full of irony to the spectators who know of her faithlessness. 'Amas, old name for Peloponnese ; it is derived from AP-, Lat. aqfU; ' water,' and means ' the water-giit land.' Cp. Meaffania, ' be- tween the waters.' [11. ■258-354. Scene I. Klytaemnestra now comes out of the central door, and the leader of the Chonis turns to the stage and addresses her. He asks the news, and is told of the capture of Troy, the tidings have come by beacon, the stages of which are then described ; Klyt. imagines the scene in Troy, and expresses a hope that it will end well.] 1. 261. 'But whether thou hast heard good news, or naught heard but hast hope of good, that thus thou art busy with sacrifice,' in this sense the t\ia.-^y{k\o\.(T\.y cXttlctiv only belongs to the second alternative, to the [AT] ireiTvcrjjievTf). Mr. Morshead turns it well, ' Now be it sure and certain news of good, or the fair tidings of a flattering hope, that bids thee spread the light,' etc. NOTES. 8 1' €t Ti KcSvov, an old conjecture for MSS. etre k^Zv6v, and a necessary alteration. 1. 263. €i;<|)pa)v, * glad,' i. e. * gladly.' Others take it, * being well disposed,' a clumsier sentence. ov8c criYwo-j) 4)06vos. ' Nor shall I grudge thy silence,' i.e. if thou keep silence. 1. 264. ' With happy tidings — so the proverb runs — may the dawn spring forth from her mother night.' The whole couplet is the irapotixta, with its simple and strong imagery ; the use of €v4)p6vT], with the slight play on the double meaning, is of course appropriate to the proverb. The 'good-hearted' night would naturally bring forth a 'dawn of good news.' 1. 271. €\> <|)povovvTos is predicative. 'Ay, for thine eyes show forth thy heart as loyal.' 1. 272. This line is best read as two questions, with Pal., Ken. If it is read as one question, the answer is not to the point. 1.274. evireiOTJ, 'persuasive.' (No need to alter to ivmOij with Blomf., H., etc.) 1. 275. ou 86|av dv \Apoi|xi, 'I would not accept (i.e. 'believe') the fancy.' 1. '276. ' What? has some wingless rumour puffed thee up?' dXX' •?!, of surprised or excited inquiry usually (Phil. 414; El. 879 ; Hipp. 932) ; here the surprise is scornful. 'Art thou so foolish?' iriaCvci), prop. ' to fatten,' one of Aeschylus' bold metaphors. dirrepos ^q.t\.% is difficult. The only plausible interpetation (Pal., K.), ' rumour sped by no bird,' i. e, spontaneously arising, is a little far- fetched. Perhaps, in view of the common Homeric 'i-nea -mcpoevra, and the strange phrase, ry 5' dirrcpo? enXero fxvdos Od. 17. 57, which pro- bably means, 'and her word was unwinged,' i.e. unspoken, she did not answer (Faesi), we may construe here, ' an unspoken rumour,' i.e. as K., ' a strange presentiment.' 1. 278. TTOiov xpovov, comprehensive gen., like vvktos, virdycaOai t^s odov, Oioov mdioio, etc., ' within what time ? ' KaC emphasises the verb, ' . . . has the city been sacked ?' 1. 279. vOv, 'but now.' See note on 104. 7 €v4>p6vT)S, the case is kept to answer to xP^^ov. 1. 280. Kal Tis, incredulous, just as in English, ' a7td what messenger could come so quick?' (So, e.g. Soph. O. C. 73, 606, 11 73.) Tolxos, adverbial ace, a kind of quasi-cognate or internal ace. 1. 282. ' Beacon sped beacon on with courier-flame.' dyYapos. a Persian word ; the system is fully described by Herodotus, 8. 98, in his inimitable style. ' Now no mortal thing arrives quicker than these messengers ; such is the system the Persians have invented. A number G Sz AGAMEMNON. of men and horses are posted at intervals, equal to the number of days required for the despatch, each man and horse being a day's journey from the next. These neither snow nor rain, nor heat nor night, stops from accomplishing their appointed stage at full speed. The first gives the despatch to the second, and the second to the third, and so forth. This they call dyyafyfjlov.' [The MSS. read dyyckov, but the line is quoted with dyydpov in various old gramm.] The stations for the beacons are : Ida in the Troad ; Mt. Hermaios in Lemnos ; Mt. Athos, S. E, promontory of Chalkidike ; Mt. Makistos in S. Euboea ; Mt. Messapios and Kithairon, in Boeotia; Mt. Aigi- planktos in the Megarid ; Mt. Arachnaios in Argolis. 11. 286-289. This passage is a well-known crux. The words, as they stand, mean : ' And soaring so as to overpass the sea the might of the marching torch all joyfully the golden gleam like some sun, to the heights of Makistos passing the tidings on ;' where the dash ( — ) stands in the place of irevKTj. It is highly probable that irevKTi, a gloss upon iaxvs irop€vTov Xa/zTrdSos, has ousted the verb from its place ; if some word like 'sent' be put into the blank, the sense is complete. Eng. reads Tre^TTft, which may be right. Kennedy's irpovKeiro will hardly do, it is an unnatural word in spite of its ingenuity. All the MSS. agree in reading o-Korrds ; the ace. may be right if the lost verb was a transitive verb of motion, *sent the golden gleam to the heights . , . :' but on the whole, espe- cially considering the position o( irapayydKaaa, the dative is more likely. The alternative is to keep invKr), read i^x^v, and suppose that irpos ■^dovfjv is a corruption of the verb : either npo'^vvaev. Camp, or tt/jo- arjvvacv, Elmsl., Hart. TTOpevTOv, not from nopcvros (which has three terminations), but pro- bably from nopcvT-qs, ' traveller ;' agreement, like ccuT^p '''vxVy Soph. O. T. 80 ; Ag. 604. irpos ijSovtiv might be taken of the joy in those who saw it ; but if so, there would have been a dative of the person. It is quite good of the fire. TrapaY-yeXXco has a special fitness ; its proper use is military, * to pass the word down the line.' So 294, 316. 1. 291. irapfiKcv o-YY^^o^ p-fpos, 'neglected not the herald's part,' the negatives going on from ovn ficWojv ov8\ k.t.\. This is the com- mon way of taking it, and it is quite possible ; but I rather incline to prefer Paley's, 'passed on his share of the message.' Not that dyyeXos means ' message ;' it means ' messenger,' and the phrase literally is ' his messenger's share,' quite a possible expression. 1. 292. Euripos, the narrow strait between Euboea and Boeotia. 1. 297. 'Ao-oTTov, the river of Boeotia, north of Plataeae. 1. 299. 'Awoke a new relay of missive flame.' JiTen. 1. 300. ovK TjvaivcTO, ' did not disown,^ poetic understatement, he means ' welcomed,' ' recognised and attended to.' NOTES. 83 1. 301. 4)povp(S,, ' the guard,' who were on the look-out on Kithairon. irXeov Kaiovo-a twv clpT)(ji6vo)v, ' lighting a fiercer fire than those I have told of,' seems a very flat line, though the MSS. are agreed upon it. But one cannot help being strongly tempted (with D., Schn.) to be- lieve that a half line, found in Hesychius (Alexandrine lexicographer and grammarian, 4th century a.d., who has preserved many scraps of the ancient writers), vpoaai6pi(ov(Ta irofimfiov (pKoya, belongs to this place. The line means, ' raising to the skies the missive flame ;' a thoroughly Aeschylean expression, exactly suiting the place, and clearly describing a beacon. The words in the text may then have been a dull gloss on irpocaidpi^ovaa ; though, as they appear in all the MSS., I have not ven- tured to make a change. 1. 302. XijJivTj ropY«ms, a little inlet in the N.E. corner of the Co- rinthian gulf. 1. 304. fjiTJ xo-P^S^cr^O''' is the MSS. reading, which makes no sense. Various conjectures have been made, fjLrjxapK^cr^^'^ (a word which does not exist), * to devise,' (?) Well., K. /i^ ^(poviCfaOai, ' not to linger,' Pal., fi^ Xari^iaOai, * not to fail,' lit. ' not to be missed,' Heath, H., D., Eng., Schn. The last seems the best. ' Urged on the fiery ordinance not to fail,' a fine phrase ; the personification of the two fires being quite in Aeschylus' imaginative style. 1. 305. dv-8ata>. Epic syncope of ava, like the Homeric hfi X670vo-av will be Karci avvtaiv (constructed according to sense, not grammar) with (pKoyoa trdr/ojva, fem. because the thought is ' bearded flame,' BXi^Jlame is fem. 1. 311. ovK dirairirov 'I8aiov irvpos, 'true scion of Idaian fire.' Sw, The gen. is common after these neg. adjectives ; it is a gen. of reference, G 2 84 AGAMEMNON. combined perhaps with the gen. of emptiness. So Soph. dip6(prjTos kqskv- fxaTOJv Aj. 321, acKivov danidajv El. 36, ^fiepwv dvrjpiO^iov Tr. 247, etc. ; and Ag. 649 djxrjviToi/ deSiv. 1. 312. ToioiSc Tot jjiot, ' such I ween ;' /iot, Ethical dative. Others divide not so well, roioid' eroifioi, 'such means of communication the queen has at her disposal,' says Pal., not very poetically. The next passage has some difficulties. 'Such the ordinances of our torch-racers one from another by succession accomplished,' i.e. Klyt. compares the series of beacons to the torch-race or \aixira57](popia at Athens. What this was is not quite clear, but apparently there was a number or chain of runners engaged, each of whom carried the torch a certain distance and then handed it on to the next. The torch had to be brought in alight. The competition was probably between rival chains of runners. The only point of resemblance here is the quick suc- cession and \h(tfire, and it is curious that Herodotus, in the passage quoted above (282) on a-y^apos, compares the Persian courier system (which Aesch, likens to the beacons) to this very Xa/xiraSrjcpopia, in respect of the succession of carriers. The next line is variously taken: — (i) 'And first and last alike they win the race,' (Eng., Schn., Klaus., etc.), i.e. just as the victory in the torch-race belongs to all the chain, so here the triumph is won by first and last alike. The omission of the article (x"^ ri\€VTaios) is not surprising in the looser style of Aeschylus ; so 324 we have Kol Ttov oXovtwv koI KpaT-qadvToov. Perhaps we should rather have expected some word for ' equally,' ' alike,' (2) ' And the first , wins, last also in the race' (Peile), i.e. and the victory is with the oner yv\io arrived first, having been lighted last. The victory, because it'- brought the news ; the resemblance to the torch-race being dropped. (3) ' And he who ran first and last wins,' the same sense as (2) but grammatically different, or (4) * though he ran last,' Ken. Ka'i for Kaiitfp. It is impossible to decide confidently; but (i) is rather simpler and better than the others. 1. 317. av)0ts, 'later.' 1. 319. ws Xcyois irdXiv, the optative is given by two out of the three MSS. here (Fl., Fa.), and is probably right. It is the assimilated opta- tive, not uncommon in the dependent clause where the principal verb is opt.; it is due to the feeling of the -prmciYtdiX verb being continued on into the dependent. ' I would fain hear at length . . according as thou wouldst tell it again.' So Plat. Men. 92 C -nSos dv elSeirjs -nepl rovTOV ov dweipos ftrjs; Soph. O. C. 560 dciVTjv . . dv irpd^iv tvxois \e^a$ oTToias k^a(piCX(os (the MSS. reading) is much better than cpiKoj, a com- mon correction. 'Unfriendly sundered wouldst thou call them.' 1. 324, Kat answers to t' after o£os. We should say, • as . . so . / 8txa, 'apart,' i.e. 'distinct' from each other. 1. 326. 01 p,«v, 'the captives,' largely women, as we see from dvSpwv, etc* 1. 327.