STACK ANNEX alifornia jility Holbrook American Lyceum THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES AMERICAN L.YCEUM, FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF SCHOOLS, AND DIFFUSION OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. by iloston : T. R. MARVIN, PRINTER, 32 CONGRESS STREET. 1829. Stack Rnnti* ' ' -, srp. LC AMERICAN LYCEUM. THIS Institution consists of Town and County Lyceums, and measures are in progress, to organize State Lyceums, and a GENERAL UNION of the whole. TOWN LYCEUMS. A TOWN LYCEUM is a voluntary association of individuals disposed to improve each other in useful knowledge, and to advance the interests of their schools. To gain the first object they hold weekly or other stated meetings, for reading, conver- sation, discussion, illustrating the sciences, or other exercises designed for their mutual benefit ; and as it is found convenient, they collect a cabinet, consisting of apparatus for illustrating the sciences, books, minerals, plants, or other natural or artificial productions. To advance the interests of schools, they furnish teachers with a room, apparatus and other accommodations, for holding meetings, and conducting a course of exercises in relation to their schools, some of the eldest members of which, with other young persons, attend the meetings of Lyceums where they are exercised and instructed, in a manner fitted to their pursuits and wants. It is supposed that Lyceums may aid in furnishing schools, with some simple apparatus, juvenile books, or other articles fitted to awaken an interest and communicate instruction to their members. Town Lyceums have conducted their exercises in several dif- ferent ways, to suit the wishes and acquirements of those who compose them. In some instances these exercises have con- sisted principally in reading interesting or useful articles from periodicals, a conversation on chemistry or other science, a * Accented on the second syllable, and the y lias the long sound, thus LJ-ce'-um. 865518 biographical or historical sketch, communications of intelligence of improvements in education or the arts, or any other subject fitted for the entertainment or instruction of the members. The reading has frequently been accompanied or followed by ques- tions, remarks, or conversation, by any disposed to introduce them. In other meetings the sciences have been introduced by short, and very familiar illustrations by the means of simple apparatus, six or eight, or perhaps ten or twelve, taking a part in the exer- cises of an evening. Under this plan of exercises, nearly all the members of the Lyceums which have adopted it, have not only received, but communicated instruction. In some Lyceums, the instruction has been given principally in the form of lectures, or dissertations, in which cases one, or perhaps two, have occupied the attention of the society during a sitting. The instruction given by lectures or dissertations, like that in a more mutual form, is intended to be of a familiar and practical character, that it may be brought within the compre- hension of the most untutored minds. Besides attending meetings of common interest to both sexes and all classes, females have conducted a course of mutual exer- cises among themselves, by spending together, during the sum- mer, one afternoon in a week, for reading, composition, and improvement in the various branches of an accomplished and enlightened education. Teachers have also held meetings confined to themselves ; in which they have introduced subjects, and carried on exercises with particular reference to their schools. At these meetings they have had exercises in reading, giving an opportunity for critical remarks upon pronunciation, emphasis, inflection, modulation, and other points in good reading, all eminently calculated to improve them in this useful accomplishment. Exercises in grammar, composition, geography, arithmetic, illustrations in natural philosophy and chemistry, and sometimes discussions or dissertations upon the modes and principles of teaching, have been introduced at these meetings of teachers, and uniformly and immediately for the benefit of themselves and of the schools under their charge. Some of the eldest members of the several schools in a town, with other young persons too far advanced, or too much occupied to be benefitted from the daily instruction of schools within their reach, have by the aid of professional teachers, clergymen, or other individuals, (sometimes ladies) competent and disposed to guide them, carried on a course of weekly exercises, which have given them gradually, but certainly and permanently, a develope- ment and expansion of mind, and a refined and elevated taste. Some of the advantages which have already arisen from the Lyceums which have gone into operation are the following, viz. 1. The improvement of conversation. An immediate and uni- form effect of a Lyceum, wherever it has been established, and whatever the mode of conducting its exercises, is the introduc- tion of good topics of conversation, into the daily intercourse of families, neighbors and friends ; and that, not among the mem- bers merely, but among all who come within the circle of its influence. Subjects of science, or other topics of useful knowl- edge, take the place of frivolous conversation, or petty scandal, frequently indulged, and uniformly deplored, in our country villages. When it is considered that conversation is a constant, and an exhaustless source of information, either good or bad, in every town and among the whole race of mankind, it cannot but be evident, that any measures which can give it an intellectual, moral, and of course an elevated character, must confer a distin- guished benefit upon society. 2. Directing amusements. Few subjects are more important, and none, perhaps, so much neglected, as amusements. Young people always have had, and it is believed and hoped, they always will have, places of resort for social enjoyment. From the neglect of parents, and other persons of influence, to furnish them with occasions and opportunities, to meet for exercises calculated for the instruction and improvement of each other, as well as for the enjoyment of social affections of a generous and elevated character, they resort to those, calculated to corrupt and debase their minds, while they afford them no pleasures, but those of the most groveling character. Instead of having placed before them at their meetings, books, apparatus, minerals, plants, and other objects calculated to acquaint them with the works and the laws of their Creator, and to lead them to admire the extent, the variety, the richness and the grandeur of his creation, all designed and fitted for their immediate use, and elevated enjoyment, they are presented with shelves of loaded 6 decanters and sparkling glasses, so richly filled, and so neatly arranged, and for their enjoyment too, that to neglect them, would be vulgar and unmanly. Experiments are of course made upon their contents, not however, for their mutual entertainment in conversation, and reflection upon the works and the goodness of their Creator, but in the merry song, the vulgar wit, and the loud Jaugh. Parents and others to whom the rising generation look, and upon whom they depend for guidance and support, will you be offended at the question, whether your children are most to blame, for resorting to such places, and engaging in such exer- cises, or yourselves, for neglecting to furnish them with better ? On the influence of amusements and conversation, always governing and partaking of the character of each other, and always determining the character of villages, communities, and the world, volumes might be written, but the occasion forbids enlarging. 3. Saving of expense. No principle in political economy is better established by experience, than that a liberal support of religious and literary institutions is calculated to promote the pecuniary, as well as the intellectual and moral prosperity of the community. Nor is there any mystery in this uniform result from the unerring hand of experiment. It has already been observed, that young people must have occasions for social en- joyment and for recreation ; and every one is familiar with the fact, that the least useful and the most pernicious amusements, are the most expensive. The expense of a year's entertainment and instruction, at the meetings and exercises of a Lyceum, is from fifty cents to two dollars. The expense of one quarter's instruction in a dancing school, including extra clothes, pocket money, &c. cannot be estimated at less than ten dollars for each pupil. The expense of one evening's entertainment at a ball or assembly, is from two to ten times the expense of a year's enter- tainment, at the meetings of a Lyceum. Many young men have paid two dollars for a horse and chaise to ride upon the Sabbath, with too manly a spirit to mention it as an expense, who would be ready to confess themselves too poor, to pay the same sum for a weekly course of the most useful instruction, through the year. Military exercises, which can hardly be considered in any other light than as amusements for young men, cost upon an average, every one who engages in them in the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts, not less than ten dollars annually. The average ex- pense for a town is over two thousand dollars a year. All these amusements are attended with an expense of time which it is difficult to calculate, an expense of money for articles which it is impossible to name, and with an expense of intellects and morals which is truly appalling. These expenses it is the ten- dency of Lyceums to prevent. 4. Calling into use neglected Libraries, and giving occasion for establishing new ones. It has been a subject of general regret, that public libraries, after a short time, fall into neglect and disuse. Where a course of weekly, or other stated exercises, has been carried on in connexion, or in the vicinity of a library, an occa- sion for this regret, has never been known to exist. But on the contrary, the demands immediately and uniformly created for books by the meetings and exercises of Lyceums, have led to the enlargement of public libraries, and induced individuals to pro- cure private libraries for their own use. 5. Providing a Seminary for Teachers. In the United States more than 50,000 daily teachers, and from 150 to 200,000 weekly teachers of Sabbath schools, are engaged in forming the character of the rising generation, and moulding the destiny of our nation. Raising the qualifications of this responsible and important class of the community, is an object of such vast mo- ment to the prosperity of our country, that for several years past, it has been the frequent theme of conversation, addresses, ser- mons, and messages and speeches to legislatures. In many places this object has already been attained in a very efficient manner, by weekly or other stated meetings of teachers for the improvement of each other. And at a very trifling expense for providing them with a room, apparatus, and other accommoda- tions, for holding their meetings and conducting their exercises, every town in the United States may enable their teachers imme- diately and constantly to raise their own characters, and in such a way as immediately and constantly to raise the character of their schools. If so, can any one conceive of a more powerful or more efficient seminary to qualify teachers, than an institution which shall organize and direct a system of exercises, by which they shall be enabled to qualify themselves, and that universally, immediately, and constantly ? 8 6. Benefiting Academies. Many Academies, Young Ladies' Seminaries, and other institutions of a similar character, have been greatly benefitted by the exercises of Lyceums. Regular courses of experimental lectures, procured from experienced teachers, and the weekly courses of mutual exercises conducted by Lyceums, have usually been offered as a gratuity, or at a small consideration, to the nlembers of Academies and similar institu- tions for daily instruction. The opportunities of these pupils are consequently increased, not only by providing them with a greater amount of instruction to be received from others, but by leading them to engage in new exercises to instruct themselves. In very many instances, members of Academies have interested others at the meeting of Lyceums ; and in affording an intellec- tual entertainment to their friends, they have received a tenfold benefit, by instructing and improving themselves. 7. Increasing the advantages, and raising the character of District Schools. Public schools have been benefitted, not only by the facilities offered by Lyceums for the improvement of their teachers, but by the opportunities they present directly to some of the eldest members of these schools, to receive a course of weekly instruction, of a higher character, and under better ad- vantages, than can be given among the promiscuous assemblage of children, and the great variety of objects which these schools usually embrace. A weekly meeting of a few pupils from all the schools in a town, to be instructed and examined by several teachers, and by their parents or others interested in their wel- fare, acts, almost with the rapidity and the power of electricity, on all the teachers and all their schools. They immediately leave the dull monotonous circle, in which they have been travelling for years, and commence an onward and upward course. Their energies are awakened and invigorated, their minds are expanded, and they begin in earnest to lay broad and strong, a foundation for their future characters and respecta- bility. 8. Compiling of Town Histories. Several Lyceums have un- dertaken to procure histories of the towns where they are placed. In almost every town there remain a few of those patriots, who purchased at so dear a rate the independence we now enjoy. And it would, perhaps, be difficult to determine, to whom it would afford the purest and richest entertainment, to themselves in relating the tales of their wrongs, their battles, and their successes, or to their children and grand children, in listening to them. But that it would afford a mutual entertainment to the old and young to hold a few meetings, to recount, and to learn, the most interesting incidents in the history of the place of their residence or their birth, especially at this most interesting period in the history of our- country, no one can deny or doubt. Nor can it be doubted that a historical sketch of every town, would furnish interesting and important documents to be preserved for the generations that are to follow. 9'**Toivn Maps. A few Lyceums are taking measures to pro- cure maps of their towns. To procure surveys for the purpose has been proposed as an exercise in the art of surveying, to those who wish to acquire it. After a survey and draft are made, it is ascertained from artists, that 200 lithographic prints can be procured for twenty-five dollars. And what family would not be willing to pay 12^- cents for a correct map of the town where they reside ? 10. Agricultural and Geological Surveys. Many Lyceums have explored, thoroughly and minutely, the mineral productions, not only of the towns where they are placed, but of the surround- ing country. Numerous interesting and useful minerals have been discovered, large collections have been made, and conse- quently new sources of industry and of wealth have been laid open, and the treasures of science have been enriched. And when it is considered that the Geology and Mineralogy of our country, are intimately connected with agriculture and internal improvements, the importance of having them fully and minutely explored, must appear too great and too manifest, to require one word to explain or enforce it. And if time, would permit, it might be easily shown, that our resources in the mineral king- dom, can be more fully, and minutely explored, and the conse- quent, knowledge, placed more generally and directly, in the possession of those who need it, through the agency of Lyceums, than by any other method which can be devised. 11. State Collections of Minerals. Some of the States have commenced collections of minerals deposited in their capitols. When towns or counties are making surveys and collections for their own use, it will be easy to furnish specimens for a general collection, which might be arranged according to towns or geo- 2 10 logical divisions. These measures would furnish each State with a complete suite of its own minerals, and a general collection of foreign specimens. Such collections would be useful, not only to science, but to agriculture and internal improvements, by placing before legislators and others, specimens of their own productions, and a knowledge of their own resources in the mineral kingdom, by which industry would be encouraged, and individual and public wealth and prosperity increased. Such are some of the advantages which have already, either partially or fully arisen from the mutual efforts of individuals in numerous towns for the improvement of themselves and the advancement of popular education. COUNTY LYCEUMS. A COUNTY LYCEUM is a Board of Delegates, consisting of one or more from each town society, who meet semi-annually, and adopt measures to aid the efforts, and forward the interests of the several branches which they represent. At their semi-annual meetings public addresses are delivered, and committees ap- pointed, to inquire how books, apparatus, and instruction by lectures, or otherwise, can be procured, by the several town Lyceums ; and to learn the state of the schools in the several towns where they are placed, and what measures can be taken to improve them. Some of the county Lyceums have proposed owning some articles of apparatus, too expensive to be owned by each branch, such as a telescope, galvanic apparatus, &-c., and to employ a lecturer, who should give lectures to the several town Lyceums in succession, and aid them in making geological and agricultural surveys, and in their other efforts for their mutual improvement. They have also proposed to procure maps of the several counties where they are organized, including the to- pography, geology, &c. STATE LYCEUMS. To render the efforts of town and county Lyceums still more efficient, successful and uniform, they have proposed the forma- tion of State Lyceums, to consist of one or more representatives sent from each county Society. A State Lyceum would be a BOARD OF EDUCATION for the State, where it should be organized ; 11 and by the appointment of committees for several specific objects, would provide means for advancing the various interests of a popular education. One important object designed to be effected by a State Lyceum, is the introduction of a uniform system of books and instruction into our public schools. The frequent change, and great diversity of books, in our dis- trict schools, have so long been subjects of general and bitter complaints, among parents and teachers, that no words are necessary to convince them of the evil, or of the importance of providing a remedy. But there is another evil in our public schools, still greater than the variety and change of books. It is the want of a proper selection of branches introduced into our system of popular education, and of uniform and judicious modes of teaching them. Some branches absolutely essential in the ordinary concerns of life are wholly neglected, while others, almost wholly useless, are dwelt upon year after year by nume- rous children in most of our public schools. A knowledge of the proper mode of writing letters of friendship or business, is essen- tial to enable a person to be decent in the social and business relations of life. But it is scarcely introduced in any of our district schools in New England. The theory of grammar, as it is frequently taught in our public schools, is not only useless, but there is too much reason to believe that it is an absolute injury to the intellects of children, by forcing into their minds words which they cannot understand, and consequently giving them a disrelish, not only for the study of grammar, but of other sub- jects which might otherwise interest them, expand their minds, and fit them for usefulness. A general remedy, for this and similar evils, cannot be provided, except by a general society. INFANT SCHOOLS. The success of Infant Schools has been uniform and almost miraculous. They are to form the closing scene in the great and animating drama of the benevolent opera- tions now going on, to rid the world of crime, and to fill it with knowledge. They need not be confined to children of the poor, and to large cities, but the heavenly blessings which they bestow, may be enjoyed by all classes, and in every village and neigh- borhood, and even in every family of our race. The principles, and management which give these schools of infants such dis- tinguished success, may, and eventually must, be introduced into all public and other schools, when their success will be 12 equally great, and the results equally animating and sublime. But to carry to the door of every mother, a school for her infant, as well as to change and elevate the character of all the schools now in operation, a Board of Education seems highly important, if not indispensable. The blessings of Infant Schools and the extension of those principles and that management which render them the most sublime objects at present upon the earth, a State Lyceum, with the co-operation of County and Town Lyceums, would have great power to hasten in every town, village and neighborhood, AGRICULTURAL SEMINARIES. The importance of institutions which shall at once present opportunities for a liberal, a. practi- cal, and an economical education, is extensively and sensibly felt. Where by the aid of the plough, the hoe, the turning lathe, the plane and saw, young men may not only fix more deeply in their minds the science acquired in their studies and lecture rooms, and more fully learn its use, but by the practical opera- tions which it directs, may educate themselves. The occasion will not permit to enlarge upon the plan or the importance of such institutions, but it may be remarked that if they should go into operation under the patronage of Lyceums, there could not fail to arise between them a reciprocal, a salutary and a powerful action. The members and friends of Lyceums would furnish pupils to the Seminaries, and the Seminaries would furnish teachers with science and apparatus for illustrating it to Lyceums. The manufactory of apparatus of a simple and practical character, fitted for familiar illustrations in Schools, Academies, and Lyceums, would furnish a most interesting and useful employment for the members of practical Seminaries. It would make them familiar with the principles of science which the various instruments were designed to illustrate, furnish them with an agreeable and healthful exercise, and enable them either partially or wholly to defray the expenses of their education.* GENERAL UNION. As " union is strength," no one can doubt the importance, of several State Lyceums, uniting to forward the great and nume- rous purposes of a popular and a national education. Numerous * Several liberaJ offers have been made for the establishment of a Practical Seminary, in the Suite of Massachusetts, mid arrangements are making to open it, if possible, in .April OT Way nest. 13 advantages might be expected to arise from an American Lyceum, which time will not permit to mention. But the publication of a Journal of Education,* numerous cheap, familiar and practical tracts, on the sciences, the arts, biography, history, &-c. to be circulated to the branch Lyceums, Schools, Academies, taverns, steam boats, and private families ; would be an object worthy of the united efforts of individuals and societies in different parts of the country who wished for a universal diffusion of knowledge. MEASURES TO BE TAKEN. If the question should be asked what measures can be taken to forward universally throughout our country the interests of education, the answer is short let every town begin. Small and doubtful beginnings have, in numerous instances, ended in great and important institutions. We have all been told, that we . do not know what we can do until we try. This remark is eminently true in the case of Lyceums. Their success, in most cases, has exceeded the highest expectations of their friends. In some of the smallest towns they have been highly interesting- and extensively useful. Obstacles have disappeared almost at their commencement. Enough have been found who are able and disposed to conduct their exercises. When it is known, that in this country and in Europe many thousands of the members of infant schools, are daily and actively employed in amusing, in- structing, and improving each other, the confession must be too humiliating for the citizens of any town to make, that none among them are capable of conducting the exercises of a Ly- ceum. And as every town is interested in the prosperity of their schools, and in the enjoyment of an enlightened and moral society, it is hoped that all will unite in the general cause, that they may be partakers of the general benefits it aims to effect. The first step to form a Lyceum is for a few neighbors or citi- zens to agree to hold meetings for their mutual improvement. " The second to agree upon the place or places where they will meet. The third to procure a book, a periodical, or a tract, from which they can read. The fourth is to procure a few arti- cles of apparatus to illustrate what is stated in the book. These steps seldom fail to lead to others, and to secure success. * The American Journal of Education is henceforward to be in part devoted to the objects of the Lyceum. 14 These, and the appointment of delegates, to consult with dele- gates from other towns in the county or vicinity, upon the inter- ests of their schools, and the general diffusion of knowledge, can cost but little in the experiment, and they may lead to results which will afford a rich and lasting reward. They would at least prepare the way for the formation of a State Lyceum, or a Board of Education, in the spirit, exercises, and benefits of which each town might participate. CONSTITUTION. Many Lyceums have adopted the following or similar artkjes for their Constitution. ARTICLE 1. The objects of the Lyceum are the improvement of its members in useful knowledge, and the advancement of Popular Education. ART. 2. To effect these objects they will hold meetings for reading, conversation, discussions, dissertations, illustrating the sciences, or other exercises which shall be thought expedient, and as it is found convenient will procure a cabinet consisting of books, apparatus for illustrating the sciences, plants, minerals, and other natural or artificial productions. ART. o. Any person may be a Member of the Lyceum, by paying into the trea- sury annually, Two Dollars ; and Twenty Dollars paid at any one time, will entitle a person, his or her heirs or assigns, to one membership forever. Persons under eighteen years of age will be entitled to all the privileges of the Society, except voting, for one half the annual sum above named. ART. 4. The officers of this branch of the Lyceum shall be a President, Vice- President, Treasurer, Recording and Corresponding Secretaries, three or five Cura- tors, and three Delegates, to be appointed by ballot on the first Wednesday of Sep- tember annually. ART. 5. The President, Vice-President, Treasurer, and Secretaries, will perform the duties usually, implied in those offices. The Curators will have charge of the Cabinet and all other property of the Lyceum not appertaining to the Treasury, and will be the general agents to do ay business for the Society under their direction. The delegates will meet delegates from other branches of the Lyceum in this county semi-anuually, to adopt regulations for their general and mutual benefit, or to take measures to introduce uniformity, and improvements into common schools, and to dif- fuse useful and practical knowledge generally through the community, particularly to form and aid a BOARD OF EDUCATION. ART. 6. To raise the standard of common education, and to benefit the juvenile members of the Lyceum, a portion of the books procured shall be fitted to young minds ; and teachers of schools may be permitted to use for the benefit of their pupils who are members of the Lyceum, the apparatus and minerals under such restrictions as the association shall prescribe. ART. 7. The President or any five members will have power at any time to call a special meeting, which meeting shall be legal if notice shall be given according to the direction of the By-Laws. ART. 8. The Lyceum will adopt such Regulations and By-Laws as shall be ne- cessary for the management and use of the Cabinet, for holding meetings, or otherwise for their interest. ART. 9. The foregoing articles may be altered or amended by vote of two thirds present, at any legal meeting ; said alteration or amendment having been proposed at a meeting, not less than four weeks previous to the one at which it is acted upon. 15 RECOMMENDATIONS. The undersigned hereby express their opinion that popular education would be greatly advanced by measures to concentrate the views aud efforts of those disposed to act in its behalf in different parts of the country. That the formation of a Society would be the most direct and efficient measure to concentrate such views and efforts. That the institution denominated the AMERICAN LYCETTM, embraces in its plan the important objects of a National Society, for the advancement of popular education. That it is highly desirable that an auxiliary to this Society, or a branch Lyceum, should be established in every town. That some simple articles of apparatus are important, to render Lyceums interesting, useful, and permanent ; and that the articles proposed by Mr. HOLBROOK are fitted to this object, and that a portion of them would be useful in district and other schools. That a weekly meeting of teachers for using apparatus, and other exercises in relation to their schools, would have a tendency to raise their qualifications, and to increase the value of their services. HENRY WARE. Acting President of Harvard University. WILLIAM JENKS. [Pastor of Green Street Church, Boston. WARREN FAY. [Pastor of First Church, Charlestown. CHARLES LOWELL. [Paster of West Church, Boston. EDWARD EVERETT. [Member of Congress. JOHN FARRAR. [Prof, of Math, and Nat . Philosophy, Cambridge. ASA RAND. [Ed. Boston Recorder. DANIEL SHARP. [Pastor of Third Baptist Church, Boston. HOWARD MALCOM. [Pastor of Federal Street Baptist Church. WILLIAM RUSSELL. [Editor Jim. Journal of Education. B. B. WISNER. [Pastor of Old South Church. ENOCH POND. [Ed. Spirit of the Pilgrims. SAMUEL GREEN. [Pastor Union Church, Boston. AT a meeting of the citizens of Boston, of which Hon. DANIEL WEBSTER was chairman, the following, among other resolutions in relation to the Lyceum, were unanimously adopted: " Resolved, That this meeting consider the institution denominated the AMERICAN LYCEUM, as comprehending (he chief objects of a general asso- ciation for popular improvement, and for the aid and advancement of common education, in primary and other schools." At an adjourned meeting, " Resolved, That as the interest taken in the exercises of the Lyceum, and the benefit to be derived from it, depend in a great measure on the obtaining cheap apparatus for experiments and illustra- tions, it be recommended to the Lyceums generally, to procure, as early as may be convenient, such apparatus, specimens, and other facilities, as have been offered by Mr. JOSIAH HOLBROOK." ^. /-.! i II-II-IMII i i , t|1 j from which it was borrowed. A] THI QLOCTi? 194| school applies QCT15199& a sbee inents boards SHU to illu f\\5 AGftfo it to n *$> oU "V ^kB 'WAV P 1 &/C. & rtL^ 9"!^^ p parati * \'t^ ^ S'" 1 few oi '^f* ^ \M p E,^ U globe. 1 v vision Fo and 1 REC'DYRL UCT07'00 lever; screv MAR 5 4 2005 Fo ^T^ 1*4* I ^S ^^ O v r^ maki DUE 2 WKS FRO M DATE RECEIVED flexil _A ACCESS SI :RViCr: F< nterlbrary Loan tene '1630 University ReseaiUi Library T x 951 575 fifty j Angeles f . ' 675 R - HOLBROOK, Boston, mlT Boston, Jan. 1, 1829. Tr sSTY t JFORNIA J.OS ANGELES PAMPHLET BINDER . Syracuse, N. Y. = Stockton, Calif. _ slON-CiRCULATI O ALL BORROWERS 16 APPARATUS FOR SCHOOLS AND LYCEUMS. THE following articles are prepared for district and other schools, and for families, viz. a diagram to show the nature and application of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division : a sheet containing thirty one diagrams, to illustrate the first ele- ments of the geometry of surfaces, and to apply it to measuring boards, land, cloth, paper, &/c. : twenty four geometrical solids, to illustrate the principles of the geometry of solids, and to apply it to measuring wood, timber, walls, bins, cisterns, boxes, canals, &c. &c. : a representation of the Solar System, to show the com- parative size of the planets, their distances, motions, &c. and a few other articles for familiar illustrations in astronomy ; a small globe, to show the shape, motions, and a few of the great di- visions of the earth. Price for the whole twenty dollars. For Academies a'nd Lyceums are the articles in the above list, and for Natural Philosophy a set of mechanical powers, viz. levers, simple and compound, pulleys, wheel and axis, wedge, screw and inclined plane, a hydrostatic bellows and syphon. For Chemistry, are a pneumatic cistern, an iron cylinder for making gases and performing other experiments by heat, and a flexible tube. For Astronomy are several instruments for eclipses, two for tides, and one to show why the earth and other planets are flat- tened at the poles. The set for Academies and Lyceums can be procured for fifty dollars. Remittances and orders made for either or both sets to JOSIAH HOLBROOK, Boston, will be immediately answered. Boston, Jan. 1, 1829. '- SSTY OF CALIFORNIA JLOS ANGELES _yayn PAMPHLET BINDER - Syracuse^ N. Y. ' Stockton, Calif. UH_D NG USE xSOf^CiRCULATING O ALL SORROWERS Univers Soutl Lib